davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-11-29

itary plans. Soviet officers and
commiSsars are attached to
units as low as battalion
strength. The manufacture of
weapons in such arsenals as
Pilsen, In Czechoslovakia. is
entirely supervised by Moscow.
The top officers Of the satel-
lite armies are not selected by
their respective governments
but by the representative Of
the high command in Mos
COW. Soviet troops are sta
toned In Romania and Hun
gary under the pretext of as
suring the lines of communica-
tions with the forces in Aus
tria. There also are considera-
BILE contingents Of Russian sol-
diers-especially from the east
ern portion of the Soviet
UnionLin Poland, Czechoslo-
vakia and Bulgaria. The East
German police force"-some
100000 strong-is in effect un-
der strict Soviet direction.
The object Of the farce
which is now being played in
Moscow has, however, q po-
litical reason. Despite the
apparent snubs from theaWest.
the Kremlin regards a Big
-Four conference as Inevitable
next spring or summer. The
Red dictators expect to put
over q non-aggression pact be-
tween East and West. They
want to confront the Western
coalition with q similar Eastern
bloc under the pretense that it
is also an association Of ma
tions acting on their own free
will. The Reds are sticklers
for form They want to MAIN
tain the illusion in the West
that the peoples behind the
Iron Curtain are free and
united.
The Muscovites do not need
a Red NATO" for military
purposes. # the day ever
comes when they decide to
invade the remaining free ma
tions in Western Europe, all
they have to do Is to push a
button in the Kremlin and
the satellite forces-in spite
Of their doubtful loyalty-will
be ordered to move instantly.
The Western position is
quite different. The required
strength Of their defensive
forces still is under par. The
members Of the coalition are
free agents and have done as
well as they could to provide
military contingents within
the limits of discretion. But as
the Red peace dove continues
to flutter over Western Europe,
the need for rearmament is in
creasingly questioned by the
people. It does not matter
how the men in high Office feel
about it. It is the people who
determine what should be done
about armament and sending
their sons to the colors. And
the brighter the mirage of
peace, the more reluctant they
become to spend money and
energy on armies.
In France, for instance,
Evening star., 1954-11-29
ThirdPorty Talk BeingHeord
Possibility Seen That RghMingers Might Use Mccarthy
As q Symbol About Which to Rally for 1856

end, as will become clear In
time. He will be propped up
and inflated only so long as he
is useful.
His limitations as a presi-
Dental candidate on q third
party ticket are patent. His ap-
peal is negative, directed to
fear, hate and prejudice. and
those who indulge themselves
thus still are very much In q
minority in our country. He
lacks Q positive program which
is necessary to stir enough peo-
pie for success.
It Is doubted he could get
any more votes than did Henry
Wallace In his third party bid
In l948 with the so-called Pro-
gressive Party that. in the end.
became the recognized instru-
ment Of the extreme left. just.
as a Mccarthy candidacy
would be an extreme right
movement. Certainly he could
draw no more votes than the
combined total Of the Wallace
party and another splinter
from the Democratic Party
that same year--the Dixiecrat
P6fty which based its bid on
racial prejudice. Though the
latter carried four Southern
States, IL was not able to de-
feat President Truman, even
though the Wallace party pre-
Evening star., 1954-11-29
Krenlin's New Force and Why
Reds Want Nonogresson Pact With West and Think Illusion
Of Puppets Free and United in Own Setup Will Help
Constontine Brown

On orders from the Kremlin.
Russia's European satellites
are gathering in Moscow to set
up a European security organ
ization. This win be the Reds
latest answer to the London
and Paris agreements for put
ting IL West German divisions
in the NATO.
The creation Of q Soviet Eu-
ropean security organization
is q farce and any resemblance
to the NATO pact entered into
freely by all its participants is
not even a coincidence.
Moscow's satellites have al
ways been under her orders.
Their forces have been directly
under the Red general staff
which controls their every
move without revealing its mil
Evening star., 1954-11-29

The following glossary will be
found helpful in connection with
Science Editor Thomas r. Hen
rvs six-story series exploring the
effects Of atomic radiation on
the human race:
Gene-An invisibly minute par
ticle Of protoplasm which Is
the recognized unit of heredity.
It has the unique property of
guiding and bonding together
of raw materials around 1t into
an exact duplicate Of itself" !"
Each Of the trillions Of cells
which make up the human
body contains the full human
complement Of thousands Of
genes. Those in the germs
cells are passed on to the next
generation.
Chromosome - A fine thread
thousands Of times longer than
thick, differentiated along its
length into hundreds or thou
sands Of functionally distinct
and individual self-reproducing
regions-the genes. Every cell
in the human body has 26
chromosomes.
Gamete-The mature germ cell
Of one individual, plant or AMI
NAL.
Zygote-The union Of two germs
Evening star., 1954-11-29

there is an increased feeling
that all this rearmament busi-
ness is useless since the war
can and must be avoided even
If the price Is the Soviet-type
Of co-existence. So long as the
bulk Of funds for military ex-
penditures came from the
United States, the grumbling
was pretty well mufaed. But il
we begin to cut down on our
lavishness, as seems inevitable
next year. there will be a re-
bellion by the French people
against paying increased taxes
for q large military establish
ment. To this must be added
an already audible demand
that the military service
which Is compulsory in France
-be shortened by six months.
The average farm In France
seldom exceeds 20 acres. It is
worked by the family, with oc-
casional assistance from some
local lads at the height Of the
harvest season. When q son
departs for military service.
the family Is short-handed,
and hired help is necessary the
year round. This cuts into the
family budget. Hence q de-
mand that what the average
Frenchman describes as "mili-
tary servitude" be curtailed.
Despite the alleged military
spirit of the Germans, it ap-
pears that Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer's government will
have a good deal Of trouble
getting German youths into
uniform. The beating up Of
Defense Secretary DR.. Blank
in Bavaria by young prospec-
tive enlistees he was addressing
is an Illuminating example of
how the modern German
youth feels about rearmament.
It appears from available
accounts that the allied ef-
forts for a moral disarmament
Of the new German genera
tion have been more successful
than anticipated or is now de-
sired. The slogan "ohne uns"
without us) heard everywhere
in Germany in 1948 has been
abandoned by the Bonn gov
ernment but it has gripped the
people of that republic.
Evening star., 1954-11-29
Doris Fleeson-

President Eisenhower can
achieve some kind of COM
petitive CO = existence with
communism if he wants it
enough. He cannot achieve
1t on the golf course with such
intellectually relaxing COM
panions as Tom Belshe and
George Allen.
The Presidents aim is clear.
He intends to avoid military
solution of the problem Of liv-
ing in the world with COM
munism. He believes the free
world will in the end win by
wise actions and the erosion
of time.
All this is commendable and
even noble but it is still not a
policy, only an aim. AS a
policy 1t remains to be created.
Once created, 1t needs to be
accepted by the American peo-
pie SO that Congress in turn
will do those things which will
make it possible to go forward
with its execution.
The President cannot set the
tone Of the world--and in es-
sence. this is exactly what he
is trying to do-by press con-
ference statements, no matter
how eloquent, nor by a few
formal speeches no matter
how well turned.
Nor can he delegate the
plain hard work and political
rnaneuvering which will be
necessary in the coming fight
y
Evening star., 1954-11-29

because it is over an issue that
is uppermost now in the con-
cern of our people, namely,
foreign policy. That oyershad-
ows domestic affairs.
Senator Mccarthy is rated
by shrewd politicians as much
better adapted to the role Of
q temporary rallying point for
right wing dissidents than as
an actual candidate for Presi-
dent in 1856. AS q result. the
more canny right wing STRAIT
egists are leaning, not to q
third party and an open re-
volt, but to an attempt to
capture the Republican Party
for themselves by 1856.
Meanwhile. they think the
best tactics for the present are
to use what is before them; in
short, to exploit Senator Nc
Carthy for all he Is worth.
Consequently, they are busy
now trying to keep the censure
issue before the Senate-and
the public -as long as possible.
Eventually they hope to get
the censure resolution killed
OF or compromised. Il that
happens the result win be pub
licized as q demonstration Of
the strength Of their right
wing forces. Senator Mccarthy
has become Just 3 means to an,
Evening star., 1954-11-29
A Lawyer Looks at Censure
Noted Attorney, With Apparent Dislike for McCorth
Sees Senate Heading for Dangerous Precedents

on the floors Of both houses,
and no one has uttered a word
Of protest. We have appar-
emily become very sensitive to
the sensitivities of some
groups only. Why not equal
protection to all?
Even Senator Case has now
reversed himself on this ques-
ton in the light Of Secretary
Stevens recent letter.
Third: The rem aiming
charge that Senator Mccarthy
has encouraged Government
employees to violate their de-
partment and superior orders
in revealing restricted infor-
nation is controversial, but 1T
would be interesting to have
the courts settle the question II
an employe can be ordered to
refuse to reveal his knowledge
Of a crime. Does his immunity
Of acting under superior's Or
ders exonerate him from giving
evidence of a crime? Suppose
the information in his possess
sion, no matter how acquired.
is evidence of treason or Of
giving aid and assistance to the
enemy, can the possessor Of
such evidence refuse to dis
close it? If SO, our criminal
laws will have to be amended. /.
"And how about our position
at the Nuremberg trials? Did
we not take the position that
acting under superior orders
was no excuse for committing
or condoning an immoral act
an act against the conscience
of mankind?
1.-THE fact that all these
principles of our law and ira
ditional procedures will be re-
jected, just to 'censure'-slap
the wrist-of a personally dis
liked person is a careless re-
lection of practice and an ex
post facto judgment-to be ap-
piled against one person. not
against all similar offenders.
This would be a Government
of men, no matter what men
or why. not laws.
Remember, the Watkins re-
port charges no crime against
Mccarthy. If a crime has been
committed, it is the duty OF
the Senate to report the same
to the Department Of Justice.
not just spank the offender.
Furthermore, censure Is a fu-
tile and innocuous remedy be-
cause it accomplishes nothing.
Senator Mccarthy will con-
tinue just the same-probably
even denouncing the Senate
more violently.
Being a lawyer. ! must
view this whole procedure In
this manner. ! do not want to
join a lynching party against
a person in whom I have no
interest. am more interested
in the prestige of the Senate
than I am in the man. or any
man."
Reproduction rights reserved.)
Evening star., 1954-11-29
Thomos [. Stokes

Third party talk, already
beginning. is rushing the sea-
son q bit. Ordinarily it starts
closer to the next presidential
race than we are now to the
1856 conventions and election.
However, the talk follows
the usual course, to wit-the
third party possibility dis
cussed would be an offshoot
from the party in power, which
Is now the Republican Party.
Such movements develop more
often in the wing Of the party
that is not represented in the
White House, though not al
ways. In the present case the
rumblings are from the ex-
treme right Of the Republican
Party against the Eisenhower
wing.
There seem to be two rea-
sons why the third party con-
versations have begun this
early:
J.. There is q ready symbol
about which to rally In Sena-
tor Joe Mccarthy who needs
no publicity or promotion.
Everybody knows about him.
4. The division within the
Republican Party Is q very live
matter now. as 1t has been in
fact since the party assumed
control Of the Government.
Evening star., 1954-11-29

alton. together with radiation
from all other sources, would
about double the mutation rate,
as indicated by fruit fly expert
ments. There is recent evidence
that the rate induced in mice by
comparative amounts Of radia-
tion, Is about five times that in
fruit flies. The. mouse Is q less
stable. animal, genetically. Man.
it is probable, is still less stable
and may have a still higher rate.
Also, DR.. Muller points out. o
sublethal mutation in man is
likely to be more serious than in
a mouse because he lives longer.
travels about more. and gets his
genes more broadly distributed.
A common fallacy. DR.. Muller
points out, is that only radia-
ton aimed directly at reproduc-
ton cells will result in muta-
tions. This Is, of course, far
more effective but the calcula-
tions are based on whole body
radiation which happens to hit
anywhere.
How Extinction Might Occur.
With the possible exposure Of
the average individual to 80
roentgens, DR.. Muller points out.
it would require three-and-a-
half children per reproductive
couple to maintain the popula-
ton at its present level and the
requirement would go UP and
up as the fitness Of individuals
went down and down.
This, of course, would result
eventually in extinction of the
human species ~ unless there
were some way Of stopping the
Evening star., 1954-11-29
Asia Policy Battle Certain
President May Want Competitive Co-exstence
With Red China, but He Must Sell Policy to Senate

which have already been ham,
mered out on the anvil of pub
lie opinion. He made his repu-
tation by superbly executing
assignments based on policies
which Presidents Roosevelt and
Truman fought for against
often excruciating opposition.
It is also difficult to see
where. among his present
staff, he will get creative
stimulus. The men around
Gen. Eisenhower are more
conservative in their be-
havior and less colorful than
the men around Mr.. Truman
were, but Intellectually they
represent no advance. Some
veterans of the Senate say
frankly that Gen. Eisenhower
has on the whole the poorest
staff of any President they
have known.
During 1853 the President
was in Washington ISL days,
away ia. The 1854 score will
include the nine-week sum-
mer vacation in Colorado and
can be expected to be about
the same. Nor did he see any
reason to change his vacation
ways in the election which
turned over the House and
Senate to Democratic control.
He has been duck hunting, he
spent Thanksgiving at Au-
gusta and he plans an early
winter vacation in Palm
Springs, Calf.
Evening star., 1954-11-29

won the 1850 election with
Abraham Lincoln to become
one Of the two major parties
that have come down to us.
Several third parties have risen
since, but none was successful.
and all died quickly. Since
the 1912 Theodore Roosevelt
Bull Moose adventure and the
1924 Robert M. LaFollette third
party try, Republican and
Democratic leaders have got
enactment Of election laws in
most States which make 1t
very hard going for a third
party.
And no Abraham Lincoln
appears on the horizon.
Evening star., 1954-11-29
Fifth in Q Series Of Seven

Fifth in Series OF Seven
ing it never will live to be born
could result from a half roent-
gen which happened to be rightly
placed and timed.
It makes no difference, so far
as the effects on heredity are
concerned, whether a person re-
ceived 100 roentgens all at
once. as might be quite likely In
an atomic bombing. or over
about Is years-an average hui
man reproductive lifetime.
Here's the Roentgen Rate.
It can be estimated conserva-
lively, says DR.. Herman j. Null
Ter of the University OF Indiana,
that the amount of background
radiation of the earth received
by the average individual is
about half a roentgen a year.
That is, in IS years one gets
somewhere from 10 to Is roent-
gems. In some places it is much
more, due to increased intensity
Of cosmic radiation at high alti-
tudes. This fact. DR.. Muller says,
makes the mountain dwellers Of
Tibet and Bolivia particularly
interesting subjects for any in
vestigation which may be
launched. In some way they must
have become adjusted to genetic
change, for they are not par
ticularly unhealthy. For the city
populations of North America
and western Europe the radia-
ton received also Is much more.
due to the prevalent use Of
X-rays and various electronic
equipment, but this condition
has obtained for too short a time
to be evaluated.
Now, DR.. Muller's thesis is
that 20 roentgens is about the
limit the human race-not the
short-lived individual to whom it
would make no difference-can
stand comfortably. Experience
with lower animals indicates that
this amount will cause about two
out of every ten children born to
suffer "genetic death" That Is,
they will be the ends Of their
lines. The term has nothing to
do with individual death.
Americans Near Average.
DR.. Muller's own calculations
show that the American people
are slready quite close to this
20 roentgen average. It requires
very little beyond the amount
man has received from the be-
ginning from the earth's residual
radiation and from cosnic rays.
This presumably has acted as a
brake on the too-great prolifera-
ton of the human race and may
have been q wise provision Of
nature. Primitive man may have
been barely able to keep ahead
of it.
Increase OF this residual radi-
Evening star., 1954-11-29

with those who want a harder
and more risky policy toward
communism, This opposition
Is already organizing, its
propaganda is everywhere, and
in the sincere and dedicated
Senator Knowland of Califor-
mia they have a spokesman
who has none of the old isola-
zionist liabilities.
The authority of the Presi-
dency is great and as q propa-
ganda outlet 1t has no equal.
But a Senate of the United
States with a handful Of deter
mined men at the helm once
brought Woodrow Wilson to
his knees, and in a peace cause
too. No Senator ever forgets
it.
Nor will the new Senate be
under the spell of the Presi-
dent. Due in large part to
the campaign waged against
them last fall by Vice President
Nixon, plus the Presidents
seeming unawareness of it,
Democrats feel they cannot
afford to sign any blank checks
for Gen. Eisenhower. And
while they are as patriotic as
most men, they will also be
working toward capture Of the
presidency in 1855.
It is permissible to wonder
If Gen. Eisenhower realizes
how very much more difficult
it is to create sensitive new
policies than to execute those
Evening star., 1954-11-29

vented him also from carrying
New York and Maryland. The
Wallace party got 1,137,9
votes, and the Dixiecrat, 1,168.-
687, for a total Of 2,306,64 out
Of over 48 million cast.
Because Of Senator McCar-
thy's obvious weaknesses as q
presidential candidate on his
own, the G. o. P. right wing
will depend rather on organized
activity within the party and
among the rank and file to
capture it. For this purpose
there is available the new or
ganization For America" in
which the moving spirit is Col.
Robert r. Mccormick, pub
Usher of the Chicago Tribune.
Its policy committee of 43
members decided recently to
concentrate on education" to
win its detectives and not dis
sipate itself in a third party
movement. This organization
would get recruits from others.
such as the collection Of re-
tired generals and admirals
who now are directing the drive
to get signatures on q petition
to the Senate on Senator Mc-
Carthy's behalf.
About the best thing that
could happen to the Republic
can Party might be Q Joe Me-
Carthy third party: that Is.
for the long range. That would
arouse other elements IN the
party and certainly. ct least
II the President led the party
again In 1856, the right wing
forces would be routed beyond
all recovery and the myth OF
their strength would be dis
PEELED.
Astute g. o. r. right-wing-
ers have an inkling Of this.
They know also that our peo-
pie do not take to third par
ties. The last successful new
conner to the field Of political
parties was the Republican
Party, itself. which. after only
. single trial run as q new
party succeeding the Wing
Party Ii 1856 with General
John Fremont as is candidate,
Evening star., 1954-11-29
David Lowrence

Emotion-which means feel
ing instead of thinking-seems
to have become dominant on
both sides not only outside
but inside the Senate In deal
ing with the dispute over the
"censure" Of Senator Nc
Carthy.
This correspondent has just
obtained a copy Of a letter
written by one Of the ablest
lawyers in the country who
had been asked by a perplexed
friend-a prominent Ameri-
can businessman recently re-
turned from a long trip abroad
to give him privately a de-
tached opinion on the merits
of the case. Indicating clearly
the difficulty of rendering an
objective Judgment on one Of
the biggest controversies of
the day. the attorneys reply
is a worthwhile exposition OF
the crosS-currents Of the
affair. It reads as follows:
"My answer depends upon
whether I approach the ques-
tion purely emotionally or
critically as a lawyer. In my
opinion, the tragic difficulty
with the whole Mccarthy
problem is that 1t is being
judged and debated purely
emotionally and opinionatedly
and, consequently. the basic
issues are completely ignored.
Mccarthy has made himself
personally the issue. His oppo-
nents have Joined issue on
Mccarthy, the individual. Both
have lost sight of the princi-
Piles involved and hence the
mess. Once you forSake princl-
Piles for persons you find
yourself involved in an emo
tional chaos.
Personally, ] hold no brief
for Mccarthy as a person. I
think he has been built up as
a Frankenstein by his adver-
saries. They have given him q
public significance that he per-
Sonally does not warrant and
never could have acquired by
his own efforts.
"As a lawyer, ! am fearful
that the present proceedings
will result in fundamental in
novations in Senate procedure
by establishing new precedents,
departing from time me-honored
procedures, which will affect
adversely the dignity and ef-
fectiveness of the Senate. I
don't believe Mccarthy, as an
individual, is worth this sacri-
flee of principle and precedent.
"Let me explain: Examining
the Watkins report-and that
report is the only issue now
before the Senate-McC Carthy
as a person and as a Senator
has not been put in issue by
the Watkins report and could
not be. as that is a question
solely for the electorate Of the
sovereign State Of Wisconsin.