davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
Report From Europe
Italy turning Sharply to Left
UnenIightened Allied Policies During Crucial Period
g.. Of 194Os Blamed for Trend Toward Communism
Crucial Period
Toward Communism

quires it to proceed slowly, and
20 there is too little land and
too many people, so in pleas
ing one it offends many.
The new owner receives an
average of 10 acres. an acreage
difficult to farm successfully.
If he does not produce at the
level set by the government
the land is given to some one
else. He finds. too. he must
fix the roof, pay taxes and buy
fertilizer and equipment, none
of which he found it necessary
to do when working for some
one else.
The government has learned
that the new landowner is
more susceptible to Communist
propaganda than before he
acquired his holdings. The
Communists emphasize that 10
acres is too small to farm sue
cessfully-and promise to in
crease this to 20 acres.
The Communist Party has
methodically courted women
voters. OF the many women
in the. Italian Parliament, the
large majority are Communist.
Its newspaper is designed to
be especially attractive to
women. Businessmen are play
ing both sides of the street,
contributing money to the
Communists as insurance" for
the future, or as blackmail to
, buy off strikes.
The strongest political party
is the Christian Democratic
Party. which has A per cent
of the seats in Parliament. 1t
is closely allied with the Cath
Ole Church, and, indeed. was
founded by a priest. The
church and the party are the
backbone of the fight against
communism.
But the church's activity
has caused resentment, which
has been expressed at the polls.
This presents the church with
a cruel dilemma: Do nothing
and risk the country going
communistic, or take an active
part and risk the charge of
clericalism.
Helping the Communists,
too, is the split within the
Christian Democratic Party.
Premier Scelba. So. short. bald.
heavy-set. was bitterly anti
fascist. and imprisoned during
the German occupation of
Rome AS Minister of Interior
in the postwar period. he was
hard-boiled in his drive to
clean the Communists out of
the national police. But his
middle-of-the-road policies
are being assailed by a bloc
called Democratic Initiative. "
This left-of-center group has
obtained control Of the party
machinery and it appears
likely its leader, Amintore
Fanfani, will seek to GUST Mr..
Scelba as Premier, probably
next year.
So Italy is turning sharply
Observation-Disclosures or not it
goes the entire way to COM
muniSm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
Constantine Brown

Are the Chinese Communists
really intent on invading For
mosa? Our military men and
diplomats, miles apart on the
answer, took up the argument
again after this weeks Com
munist raid on the National
ist-held island of Quemoy,
which is only three miles of
the China coast.
The military men believe
that the Reds. following the
Nazi pattern. like to advertise
their intentions and whenever
possible stick to their decisions.
They point out that Peiping
has been blaring for three
weeks about the impending
liberation" of Formosa and
the glorious historic mission"
of the Chinese people.
And these military men add
that the fact that Moscow has
joined in the broadcasts makes
them more significant.
Available information indi-
Gates that important troop and
air-force concentrations have
been made in Southern China.
Soviet warships, principally
cruisers and destroyers. have
been moving from their bases
in Siberia to Tsingtao and
other Chinese Communist
ports. While the typhoon sea-
son Is on, nothing more than
occasional raids are expected.
But by the end of October
when weather conditions i'm
prove, the story may be diff
ferent.
Military circles admit that
the presence of the United
States 7th Fleet and reshuffling
of our air force in the Pacific,
with some wings being trans
ferred to undisclosed bases,
may deter Peiping and Mos
cows Immediate plans. But
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
a Persons Injured
As 7 TrucksCoIIide

Four persons were hurt last
night in a truck collision at
Eighteenth and Varnum streets
NV. police reported. Police
said a newspaper delivery truck
belonging to The Star and a
pickup truck driven for Ma
gruder. Inc, grocery at 1888
Connecticut avenue NV, COL
lided.
William Amos, 20, of 1921 Ken
nedy street NV. driver of the
pickup truck, was admitted to
Emergency Hospital with a head
injury and hand cuts.
Treated and released at the
hospital for lesser injuries were
John Amendolard, II. Of 300
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
Housing Probers End
New York HEARINGS
On WindfaII Profits
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Aug. 28.-The
Senate Banking Committee has
ended a four-day stand in New
York after turning up testimony
of huge profits on Government
insured housing projects during
the postwar building boom.
Senator Bush, Republican, Of
Connecticut, who conducted the
one,nan hearings for the COM
naittee, announced at their con-
clusion yesterday:
1--WE certainly developed evil
dence here Of profits that were
greatly excessive and certainly
far beyond what Congress in
tended when the laws were
passed"
Millions From Projects.
The windfall profits stemmed
from big housing developments.
the financing of which was in
sured by the Federal Housing
Administration.
On the final day of hearings,
Queens builder Harry L. Osias
told of making nearly S. million
on a $4,000 investment.
He said the profits were made
on five projects built between
1948 and 1851.
Another builder, Israel Orlian
Of Brooklyn, testified he reaped
a 81, 847 900 profit on $27, 900 in
vested in an FILA apartment
project.
II Some Tax Violations.
| Senator Bush said changes
made this year in FILA regula-
tons and laws will reduce the
chance of these windfalls being
repeated. He added the commit
tee is still studying the matter
to produce further legislation
prohibiting the use of Federal
credit for the creation of wind
fall profits for greedy business
men and operators in the real
estate field"
The Senator said information
turned up by the committee indi-
eating possible income tax VIOLA
tions was being made available
to the Internal Revenue Service
| The hearings resume next
Tuesday in Los Angeles. The
committee is scheduled to return
to New York on September q
for further hearings on building
operations here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28

in view of the Washington Post
Co.'s ownership Of a controlling
interest.
DR.. Stanton testified yesterday
it is necessary for a network to
own stations to have a stable
income. He said the margin of
network profit is thin" and the
Swings very wide" with the
bulk Of revenue coming from
company stations.
He said the network might not
venture into new fields Of pro-
>gramming and operations unless
it had station revenues to help
Offset possible losses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
DRIVE OUT TODAY

DIRECTIONS Over 18th Street Bridge and follow signs to
Columbia Pike out Columbia Pike one mile past Boleys
Crossroads BLAIR ROAD right OF Lake Boeroft sign
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28

Emmett r. Warning, former
reputed gambling overload here.
yesterday denied owing the Coy
eminent $11.858 in 1851 Federal
income taxes.
To the contrary, Warnings at
torney, Charles E. Ford declared.
the United States owes Warning
$12.474.66 in overpayments of
income taxes.
To make matters more COM
plicated. Warning, against whom
the Government has slapped q
$11.858 tax lien, has received a
check from the Treasury for
$12, COL As. Mr.. Ford said War
ring has no idea what the check
is for and is afraid to cash it,.
The financial hodge-podge was
set forth in moves for declara-
tory judgment and injunction.
filed by Mr.. Ford in the u. S.
District Court for the District Of
Columbia.
Since January /, 1884,. the
complaint declared. the Treasury
Department has had $12.474 in
overpayment by Warning. which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28

Fifth street NE, who was riding
with Mr.. Amos; George r. Black.
"a, Of 2153 North Pierce street.
Arlington, Va. driver Of The Star
truck, and his brother. John A.
Black, 20. of the same address.
riding on the newspaper delivery
truck.
No charges were filed. A cor
poration counsel's hearing was
set for September IS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
Atom Injunction Extended

KNOXVILLE, Tenn, Aug. "a
up. - United States District
Judge Robert L. Taylor last
night extended for 81 days a
Taft-Hartley Injunction block
ing a threatened strike of CLIO
production workers at two atomic
energy plants at Oak Ridge,
Tenn, and Paducah, KY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
Report From Europe
By Harry +. Byrd, j..

State Senator Harry F.
Byrd. jr., OF Virginia, editor
and publisher OF the Win
chester Star, has Just returned
from an automobile trip
through Seueral countries OF
Europe. He has authorized
The Star to reprint the tolLotD-
ing article, giUing some of his
impressions of Italy.
The Communist Party in
Italy, is riding high. At the
last election it polled 10 mil
lion votes. boosting its strength
in Parliament from 81 per
cent to 81 per cent.
Today, IA months later, it
appears even stronger. Pre-
mier Scelba, Italy's dynamic
anti-Communist leader, told
this correspondent that COM
munism sis both stronger and
weaker than a year ago." Many
observers believe 1t to be
stronger.
And all of this despite 81 bill
lion of United States aid de-
signed to rebuild Italy and
combat communism" among
the voters.
Several of the best informed
observers in Italy told this
writer that the withdrawal OF
American aid would have little
effect on the peoples voting
habits. They did not. advocate
it's discontinuance. however.
but did suggest that we would
do better to lay down stringent
conditions: Italians can I'M
derstand power politics, but
they can't understand getting
something for nothing"
Throughout Italy there is
one thing on which nearly all
seem agreed: Communist lead
ership is excellent; the leaders
are astute, determined. eff
cient-and take advantage of
every opportunity.
It is ironical that the United
States itself had much to do
with developing the power and
prestige of the Communists.
Former Premier De Gasperi
stated bluntly shortly before
his death last Thursday: 1.-The
evil plant (of communism
was born and prospered in the
Roosevelt climate allied
authorities in Italy favored
the insertion of pro-Commu-
nists into the postwar govern
ment."
When this correspondent
asked Premier Scelba to relate
the part America played in
the middle 1940s, the Italian
was careful not to criticize
America or her purposes.
But he made it clear that
the actions of the United
States and her allies in 1945
gave prestige to the Com
munists and put many of their
leaders into positions Of power.
For example. Palmiero Tog-
liatti. Italy's number one Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28

premier ana MINISTER OF JUS
tice. Mr.. Scelba said that
many others. including one
now charged with murder,
were made deputy ministers.
Another of these Moscow
trained Communists was as
signed to the Prime Minister'S
Office. All of this was done with
the approval Of the United
States.
A high American official in
Rome reports that Togliatti
and several other Italian Com
munists actually were flown
from Moscow to Italy in an
American plane.
It is true, of course, that the
United States and Russia were
allies: that they were seeking
anti-fascists for positions of
power. But this does not OBJ
scure the fact that American
leaders badly misjudgedt the
Communist threat, neglected
it's political consequences.
Italy is basically a poor
country-her Al million people
damned into 10000 square
miles, an area approximately
that of Arizona. Only one
fourth of the production sys-
tenn is in private hands;
three-fourths are controlled by
the government.
Southern Italy is poverty
stricken, northern Italy res-
sonably prosperous. The in
dustrial cities of Milan, Turin
and Genoa are booming. It
was to rebuild this area that
much of the American aid
, has gone. Wages are reason
ably good; property owners
are making money.
In the nearby Pc Valley
one of the most fertile agri-
cultural regions in the world
the farmers are doing well.
This Is true, too, in the agri-
cultural area of Tuscany.
But it is in these prosperous
parts of Italy that Com
munism has it's greatest
strength.
In Tuscany. largely agri-
cultural, most of the towns
have Communist mayors. Flor
ence, the largest, is an ex-
ception.
The Communists poll as
heavy a vote among the farm
ers of the Pc Valley as they
do among the industrial work.
ers in the cities, where the
unions for the most part are
Communist dominated.
How does one account for
this Communist trend?
OF the many businessmen,
government officials and edi-
tors with whom this writer
talked, none seemed just sure
of the reason. Suggested were
one or more of the follow
ing: ID The relentless ac-
tivity of the Communist Party;
CD dissatisfaction, particu-
larry in industrial areas, over
the lax tax-collecting meth
DDS. which. enable the wealthy
to escape much of the tax
burden; CD traditional de-
f1ance of government. which
has existed in some areas; (4)
a growing spirit of anti
clericalism, and (5) dissatis-
faction with the land reform
program.
The land reform program.
while moderately successful.
has boomeranged as an anti
Communist weapon.
The government has ex-
propriated about two million
acres; will take a million more.
No person may own more
than 600 acres. and. indeed.
acreage below that is taken
if the government feels it is
not being handled to best adj
| vantage.
Many owners contend the
government takes the best.
leaving the poorest. The own
/ ers are paid in 20-year bonds
now selling below par.
In discussing the program
with this writer. Premier
Scelba--a strong advocate
says it has not been helpful
in the fight against commu-
nism. because Cd lack Of funds
for the necessary auxiliaries-
| irrigation. roads, houses-re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-16

endless time, by American
troops.
But meanwhile France. TAX
ing advantage of her presence
in Germany as an occupying
power, has been and is recruit
ing Germans on German soil
into the French Foreign Lee
gion, against the laws of the
German Federal Republic.
Except for the officers corps,
the French" army in Indo-
China is not French. The rank
and file are drawn from North
Africa and Germany.
The son of the British mill
tary expert. Liddell Hart, visit
ing Indo-China over a year
ago, first reported that 10000
of the 100000 legionnaires serv-
ing in Indo-China were Ger
mans.
The earlier recruits were re-
portedly former S. S. officers
and soldiers wishing to bury
their paStS.
The fact has political impli-
cations. The Soviets, in nego-
tiating about Indo-China and
prisoners, hold an ace in main
tanning that the war against
Vietminh is being fought by
Nazi Germans.
But Nazi or not, the political
effect on German opinion is
seriously disturbing.
In mid-March the Bonn
government planned meas
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-16
Doris Fieeson-

The visit here Of Winston
Churchill and Anthony Eden
will give President Eisenhower
q chance to pick up the pieces
Of his foreign policy and start
again.
Conceivably leaders Of the
Congress can be brought into
the picture in such a way as
to remove that issue from the
coming congressional cam
paign. 49,.
All the responsible ones have
been worried and confused by
the gyrations Of the admins
tration with respect to South
east Asia. beginning with the
Nixon speech to the editors.
They have long been waiting
for fresh~ starts and clearly
stated goals.
There are, of course, men,
bers of Congress who welcome
the chance to blame the Brit
ish and/or the French and to
use current difficulties as an
excuse to cut foreign aid.
There are many more who
would be responsive to plain
talk, appeals for cooperation
and pledges that the admins
tration for its part will not
play politics with the Situa-
ton.
Early in the administration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-16
President Nominates
John WincheII 10 ice

John H. Winchell, chairman
of the Colorado Public Utilities
Commission, was nominated by
President Eisenhower yesterday
to be an Interstate Commerce
commissioner.
Mr.. Winchell. 81, was named
to fill the remainder Of a seven
year term expiring December 81.
1860. He succeeds James K.
Knudson, whose term expired
last December 81, but who re-
manned on the job until recently.
A native of Iowa, Mr.. Winchell
graduated from the Colorado
School of Mines as a mining en-
gineer in 1917 and obtained a
law degree in 1916. He formerly
was assistant attorney general Of
Colorado. He has been a mem
Der of the Colorado Public Utili-
ties Commission since 1851 and
chairman since 1858. His home
is in Denver.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-16
Dovid lawrence
u. S.-British Annity Continues
Visit by Churchill and Eden Is Expected to Erase
. Impression of Rift Between Two Leading Allies

vertibility Of the pounds
step toward sterilization OF
Britain's financial relations
with the United States. When
subjects like this come UP,
it is natural that Secretary of
the Treasury Humphrey will
be in the picture to outline
what part America can play
in helping to keep the pound
from fiuctuating once the de-
ciSion is taken to allow the
free interchange of pounds and
dollars throughout the world.
It could have broad effects
on commercial relations with
Canada and other parts OF the
British Empire.
It is good to know that the
White House sponsored the
invitation to the British Prime
Minister and his Foreign Sec
rotary. The formal announce
ment to this effect takes away
any possible criticism in Brit
ain, where lately the oppose
ton has been streSSing more
and more a dislike of any
thing that makes it appear
Britain is leaning on America
and giving up her Independent
position in the world.
Gen. Eisenhower has main
tanned, since his intimate re-
lationship with the Prime
Minister during wartime, a
constant communication and
there have at times been tele-
phone talks. It is helpful to
world progress at a critical
time like this that Sir Wins
ton Churchill and the Presi-
dent of the United States
know each other so well and
have q deep friendship and
regard for each other.
Whatever agreements are
reached, the most useful of
all will be the reiteration be-
fore the whole world Of the
fact that Great Britain and
the United States are work.
ing together toward united ac-
ton in striving to solve their
problems in Asia as, well as in
Europe.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-16

respectable once more. 1t is
perhaps his way Of speaking
out frankly. and in terms the
public understands though it
seldom hears them any more
in this age of double talk"
that accounts for the avid in
terest in his picturesque and
successful campaign to get
control of the New York Cen
trail. That system was for so
long the center of the Wander
bilt railroad empire. Before
the New York Central fight, he
attracted public interest with
his innovations to improve
passenger service and increase
freight business on his first
railroad enterprise, the CheSa-
peake and Ohio.
Railroading has always had
its impact on the National Gov
eminent here. Sometimes it
was a scandal. AS for instance,
that which developed about
the Credit Mobilier. American
style, in the Grant administra-
ton. One prominent Congress-
man heavily involved in that
speculative venture during
construction of the Union Pa
cif1c Railroad passed out stock
to the Vice President and other
influential members Of Con-
reSS to try to prevent an in
vestigation.
Excuses of this and other
sorts, including exorbitant
rates and charges, in time
brought Federal regulation. In
1887 Congress passed the Hep
burn bill that created the In
terstate Commerce Commits
sion, the first of a succession
of regulatory agencies. So,
through the ICC. we are con-
stantly conscious of the rail-
roads and their place in the
economy. Through that, and
in periodic congressional in
vestigationS.
Such, for example, as that
in the early 193Os by the Sem
ate Banking Committee, an
outgrowth Of the stock market
investigation conducted by
Ferdinand Pecora. There We
saw laid bare the fantastic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-16

The relations between France
and Germany on which the
future of Europe depends are
disturbed by factors which
have received little attention
in this country.
France has consistently
sabotaged the creation OF an
all-European army. French
opinion is equally opposed to a
national German army. Thus
West Germany and Western
Europe are exposed to the
Russian armies and East Ger
man paramilitary units in the
heart of Germany itself, and
the armies of Poland. Czecho-
slovakia, Hungary, Romania,
and Bulgaria, which are thor
oughly integrated, and consti-
tute a formidable military
force even without the Rus
slams.
A situation in which the
most populouS and industrious
people of Europe are more de-
fenseless than the Swiss or
Swedes naturally pertur b S
Washington. = It means that
the security Of Western Eu-
rope rests upon the reticence
of the Soviets and their satel-
lites to attack West Germany
and the American forces sta
toned there, and that the
watch on the Elbe must be
maintained, apparently for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-16

could be struck by the di-
vergent pronouncement Of the
foreign secretaries. There have
been MISUNDERSTANDING and
differences. but it is a safe bet
that their impact would have
been less important and their
scope would have been con-
siderably narrowed If there
had been more frequent con-
versations face to face. With
all the advantages of modern
communication, there is no
better way for international
relations to be conducted than
in the privacy Of the White
House in Washington or 10
Downing Street in London. It
takes only overnight to ny the
Atlantic.
But even such meetings can
not be protected entirely
against the needing questions
that come at press conferences
or in the House Of Commons.
Even before Sir Winston leaves
London. he will be reassuring
opposition questioners that he
intends to make no commit
ments to united action but
plans merely to explore the
situation. But it is neyerthe-
less probable that some i'm
portant agreements will be
reached at the meeting and
that Secretary Of State Dulles
and Mr.. Eden will spend a lot
of time together entirely apart
from their attendance at the
Churchill Eisenhower sessions.
1t is not to be assumed.
either, that all the discussions
will concern questions arising
out of relations with Soviet
Russia or Red China. The
British are deeply interested in
the trend of economic affairs
in the world. They are con-
WINGED now that America isn't
going to have q serious recess
sion.
There is an important seq
ment Of official opinion in Lon
don which would like to see
something done about the con-