Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-16
Dulles Reports on Manila Conference


FOLLOWING is the tert OF Sec
rotary OF State Dulles radio
telepiSion speech last night on
the Manila pact and the
Pacific charter:
Our quest for peace took us
last week to Manila. There eight
nations met to create unity for
security and peace in Southeast
Asia and the Southwestern Pa
cific.
This unity was something that
the United States had long
sought. Four years ago I nego-
tiated security treaties with Aus
tralia and Naw Zealand and with
the Philippines. But we all
knew that that was not enough;
so these treaties called for 1.-The
development of a more compre-
henSive system of regional Sc
curity in the Pacific area" Pres
ident Eisenhower, in his peace
address of April Is, 1858, called
for united action" to meet the
threat of aggression in South
east Asia. Last March, I re-
peated that appeal.
The President and I had
hoped that unity could be forged
in time to strengthen the nego-
tiating position of the free ma
tions during the Indo-China
phase of the Geneva Confer
ence. However, this proved i'm
practicable.
Confirmed Need for Unity.
The Geneva outcome did, how
ever, confirm the. need for unity.
So, last week, Australia, France.
New Zealand, Pakistan, the Phil
ippines. Thailand, the United
Kingdom and the United States
met together. We negotiated
as full and equal partners; and
in the end signed a treaty for
defense against both open armed
attack and against internal sub
version.
The treaty provides that in
the case of aggression by armed
attack, each of the countries will
act to meet the common danger.
A council is established for con-
sultation with regard to military
and other planning.
The treaty recognizes also the
danger of subversion and indi-
rect aggression. 1t deals with
this difficult problem more ex-
pllcltly than any other security
treaty that has been made. In
this respect, the treaty represents
an important forward step, be-
cause subversion and indirect
aggression have been principal
tools of international commu-
nism.
The treaty provides that if
any party believes that the in
tegrity of the treaty area is
menaced by other than armed
attack, the parties shall consult
Immediately to agree on meas
ureS which should be taken for
the common defense. These
measures will, of course, never
involve Intervention in the purely
internal affairs of another state.
In Special Position.
The United States was In a
special position at Manila, be-
cause it was the only one Of the
signatories which did not have
territorial interests in the treaty
area. For the others. the pact
was not only an anti-Communist
pact, but also a regional pact.
Therefore, it dealt with any and
all acts of aggression which
might disturb the peace of the
area. We stipulated on behalf of
the United States, however, that
the only armed attack in that
area which we would regard as
necessarily dangerous to our
peace and security would be a
Communist armed attack.
Any significant expansion of
the Communist world would, in
deed. be a danger to the United
States, because International
communism thinks in terms of
ultimately using It's power posi-
ton against the United States.
Therefore, we could honestly say,
using the words that President
Monroe used in proclaiming his
doctrine, that Communist armed
aggression in Southeast Asia
would, in fact, endanger our
peace and security and call for
counteraction on our part.
The treaty recognizes the i'm
portance of economic welfare.
But it does not commit the
United States to any "handout"
program. We agree to cooperate
in the development of economic
measures which will promote
economic and social well-being.
Congress this year had the vision
to see that there might be spe-
cial needs in Southeast Asia. So,
by the Mutual Security Act,
Congress has already provided a
fund to be available in this area.
Part of it will no doubt be spent
to assist the free governments of
Southeast Asia.
No Economic Walls.
However, the treaty builds no
economic walls. From an eco
nomic standpoint, such nations
as Japan, Indonesia, Burma.
Ceylon and India remain i'm
portant.
The treaty area is defined as
the territory of the member
states in Southeast Asia and the
Southwestern Pacific. The pro-
tocol also extends the treaty
benefits to Cambodia and Laos
and the free territory of Wet
nam. The Indo-China armistice
created obstacles to these three
countries becoming actual par
ties to the treaty at the present
time. The treaty will, however,
to the extent that is practicable,
throw a mantle of protection