davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-22
BY Rennie Taylor
Assoeiassd Press seisnes Reporter

IDAHO FALLS. Idaho. Aug.
21.Some Of the workings of
the worlds fastest atomic reac-
tor were disclosed today after
more than two years Of secret
operations.
Although the achievements Of
the $18 million pile OF concrete
and complicated machinery are
spectacular In a scientific way.
they have to do more with the
atom of the future than with
immediate problems in that field,
Specifically. the high-poWered
instrument is spelling out for
nuclear scientists some of the
things they can and cannot do
when they build the reactors Of
the future-the atomic ovens
which are being counted upon to
make power cheap and plentiful
everywhere.
On Des0late Plain.
This instrument is called the
materials testing reactor. It is
one Of i've main installations at
the Atomic Energy Commissions
national reactor testing station
on q desolate safebrush-covered
plain SIS miles west of here. It
was shown for the first time yes
terday to newsmen.
Although the heart Of the MFR
the part which contains en-
riched uranium as fuels only
about the size of two large suit
cases. it can produce radiation
faster than anything except an
atom bomb or q hydrogen bomb.
This charge of uranium runs
the reactor for two to three
weeks, producing astronomical
numbers of neutrons, which are
the most important particles in
atom smashing.
But even after the charge is
spent" and removed from the
reactor, it radiates enough
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-22
Fastest Atom Reoctor Unveiled
After ~ Years Of Secrecy

x-rays to kill 10000 people IN
one hour ii they could be brought
close enough to 1t.
Vast Neutron Output.
The tremendous output OF
neutrons from the MFR tops
everything previously reported
500 trillion per hour. compared
to so trillion produced by the
Canadian heavy water reactor at
Chalk River, Ontario.
This fantastic number Is Of
great value to scientists because
they will be dealing also with
huge numbers of neutrons when
they build more reactors and Ii
is the neutrons which are re-
sponsible for the radiation that
might destroy their installations
unless they plan carefully now
against the known possibilities.
Another strange thing about
the MFR is the terrific job it
does In keeping itself cool. The
temperature at some spots inside
the uranium fuel charge reaches
the los OF millions Of degrees.
yet the water which cools it
never goes above q luekwarm
Ill degrees.
Guards Against Explosion.
To guard against any pos
sibility that the hot core OF
the reactor would get out of
control a whole array Of COM
plicated regulating devices Is
installed. The main controls
are rods made of the metal
cadmium, which when inserted
into fiery uranium core can
stop the reaction quickly.
One of the reasons why the
MFR was out far away from
population centers was the pos
sibility of a slipup. which If not
caught instantly would result in
a low-grade atomic explosion.
The MFR was built for the
Acc by the Phillips Petroleum
Co. and was put into operation
on March 81, 1852.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-22
Thousands. Brave Rain
To Pass De Casper Bier
BY the Associated Press

TRENT. Italy. Aug. al
Mourning thousands filed
through intermittent rain today
into Trent's city hall to pay final
respect to the man who guided
Italy out of postwar chaos and
tied her to the West.
The body of Alcide de Gasperi
lay in the city hall most Of the
day, his last in the north Italy,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-22
U. S. Gets Dunish Hons

COPENHAGEN. - Eighty per
cent Of Denmark's ham exports
go to the United States. Last
year U. s. imports of Danish
hams. shoulders and bacon to-
tailed more than Is million
pounds, compared with less than
9 million in 1852 and 4 million
in 1851.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-22
Tv Screen Foeqed

Condensation on the screen Of
television projection equipment
in London recently made it ap-
pear to viewers that rain was
falling upward.
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Doris FIeeson-
Hearing on Warren Nomination
Chief Justice Will Testify Before Senate Judicory
Moy Be Questioned on His Judicial Experience :.
Experience

Tor justice in service, has a
tiny claim to prior judicial
service. He was briefly a
police court judge. He came
to the court directly from
politics-he was Senator from
Alabama when nominated by
Mr.. Roosevelt IN 1887. JUS
tice Burton was also a Sena-
tor when nominated by Mr..
Truman.
Justices Jackson and Clark
were Attorney General of the
United States when ap-
pointed. Justice Reed was So
licitor General. Justice Doug
las was chairman of the
Securities and Exchange Com
mission. Justice Frankfurter
carries the Ivy League brand
he was a professor at the
Harvard Law School.
1t Is rather unlikely that
the 81 lawyers in the Senate
are going to consider that a
political background disquali-
fieS a man for the Supreme
Court.
Some Southern Senators
Holland of Florida is said to
be one-are reported desirous
Of questioning Mr.. Warren
about his views on civil rights.
With the constitutionality of
segregation now at issue be-
fore the Supreme Court, 1t is
probable Mr.. Warren will de-
cline to discuss 1t. His civil
rights record as Governor was
on the liberal side.
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Wiley Views Guatemala
As Fertile Field for Reds
BY the A..oeiased Press

Chairman Wiley of the Sem
ate Foreign Relations Commit
tee today termed Guatemala "a
serious beachhead for interna-
tional communism in this hem
isphere."
The Central American repub-
lie is the only one on the two
continents with Communists in
top Government Jobs.
Senator Wiley said in a speech
prepared for the Senate that his
committee will watch develop
ments closely, and he will dis
cusS the situation with United
States Ambassador John Peuri-
foy when the Ambassador visits
Washington.
Senator Wiley denied that the
United States is seeking to DOM
mate the Guatemalan or any
other people. Nor is it true, he
said. that United States concern
is motivated entirely by Guate-
mala's appropriation of land be-
longing to the United Fruit Co.
The United States takes the
position that the compensation
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Dovid Lawrence

President Eisenhower has
begun to give to the Nation
the sad details about the farm
mess" which his administra-
tion inherited from its prede-
ceSSorS.
Senator Joseph Mccarthy Of
Wisconsin is reported to have
joined a group Of other Repub-
hcans in saying at a Repub-
lican Party conference here
that the Presidents abandon
ment Of the 80 per cent parity
protection would be a politi-
cal mistake in the Middle West.
But the Wisconsin Senator Is
wrong on this. For he is as
suming that the farm voters
will react unfavorably with
out taking into account the
side of the story that the
President has to tell.
There are other Senators
who have committed them
selves to a rigid system of
price supports-Republicans as
well as Democrats. But never
before has the other side Of
the controversy been empha-
sized as Mr.. Eisenhower and
his aides probably will tell it
in the next few months. The
farm vote will not be lost to
the Republicans when the facts
are thoroughly understood. For
the farmer is not a radical
and, though he favors sub
sides, he doesn't like low farm
prices. What he doesn't real
ize is that by subsidizing and
encouraging production. the
farmer is taxing himself higher
and forcing a lower price at
the same time.
Mr.. Eisenhower has coura-
geouSly come to grips with a
highly sensitive political prob
lem. and his determination to
fight it out in public debate
Is commendable. The Presi-
dent says each farm crop has
its own problems and each re-
quires specific treatment but
there are certain fundamentals
that apply to all. He declares,
first of all. that food once
produced must not be de-
stroyed" and that excessive
stocks can be removed from
the markets by governmental
action.
Evening star., 1954-01-14

not compare with Secretary
Bensors experts, but it isn't
hard to guess which of the
two entries in the Record is
likely to have the greater i'm
pact on Congressman from the
Farm Belt.
Obviously the President, the
Agriculture Secretary and the
Senate committee chairman
believe In the flexible plan
as a matter of principle and
good economics, but bringing
1t up this election year has
filled some of the hopeful Re-
publican candidates with hor-
ror. These remember what
happened to Dewey in 1948.
when he delayed too long his
acceptance of the plan the
farmers prefer, and so enabled
Truman to win an election he
was thought already to have
lost.
Evening star., 1954-01-14
David Lawrence
Sad Details Of Farm Problem
The Farmers Vote Will Not Be Lost to Republicans
When the Focts Become Thoroughly Understood

tai losses as Of June 80. 1853,
and to increase its borrowing
authority to $8.5 billion, effec-
tive July /, 1854.
"The Governments COM
modify holdings are enormous.
1t has investments In more
than 50 billion worth of wheat
alone. This includes 440 mil
lion bushels owned outright.
About 400 million additional
bushels are under loan, the
greater share of which the
Government can expect to ac-
quire. This is more than the
domestic. wheat requirements
of the entire Nation for a full
year.
THE cotton carry-over will
amount to about SO million
bales. Here again the carry
over is approximately equal to
the domestic needs of the en-
tire Nation for a full year.
1.-The carry-over Of vegetable
oils may be about Is billion
pounds, roughly double the
carry-over that should nor
mally be maintained"
What makes the situation
worse is that consumer de-
mand is at or near a record
high level and in some in
stances products without price
supports have done as we'll in
price as some Of those with
price supports. The solution of
the problem is related to the
opening up of foreign markets
and the removal of rigidity
from the Governments for
mula. A flexible system is the
natural answer. with no COM
mitment to do more than to
sustain the markets from
dropping precipitately or from
rising too rapidly.
The President advocates the
principle of gradualness and a
range of from rs to 80 per cent
Of parity. which ought to be
enough to attain stabilization.
The alternative is a continual
ton of chaos and greater ex-
pense to all taxpayers without
the lower living costs which
increased production normally
brings to the consumers. Their
votes are also important to
either political party.
Reproduction Rishts Reserved)
Evening star., 1954-01-14

But, by this. 1t is not meant
that the system which pro-
duced the excessive surpluses
must be continued. and that's
what the champions Of the
80 per cent rigid price-support
formula are asking the tax
payers to approve.
The President is rightswhen
he says that "there should be
no wide year-to-year fluctua-
ton in the level of price sup
port" and that mo single pro-
gram can apply uniformly to
the whole farm industry" So
far as the basic principle is
concerned, however. Mr.. Eli
senhower properly lines him
self up behind the necessity
for Government price supports
on a flexible basis depending
on market conditions. in Or
der to bring needed stability
to farm income and farm pro-
duction."
The present administration
has sought advice from all
sides and in a non-political
way. The conclusions reached
after months of study are
sound from an economic stand
point. The only thing that
stands in the way of their
acceptance is political exploit
tation of the issue by those
who. in certain areas, think it
is unpopular to do otherwise.
That's only because the farm
erS themselves have not been
educated on the facts of the
mess" created. Mr.. Eisen-
hover describes it thus:
THE urgency in this sit
uation may be illustrated by
a few basic facts. During the
past year. the investment Of
the Commodity Credit Corpo-
ration in farm commodities
more than doubled. increas-
ing by about So billion. AS
a result the financial obliga-
tions Of the corporation are
pressing hard against the
$6.750,000 900 limitation on its
borrowing authority. In order
to assure that present price
support commitments on 1853
and 1854 crops will be COW
cred. I shall request the Con-
gress TO- take early action to
restore the corporations capi-
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Constantine Brown

Italy has been added to the
list of critically i'll political
patients.
Since the end of the war
we have done everything in
our power to prevent commu-
nisrn from taking hold of
Italy. Former Prime Minister
Alcide de Gasperi. a mild
strong man." managed until
last summer to hold the reins
tight. Unfortunately, he suf-
fered defeat at the polls and
had to pass control to less ex-
perienced people. A caretaker
government under the dy-
manic Giuseppe Pella was Or
garized. Our representatives
in Rome. particularly Clare
Luce, were impressed by the
energy Of the young Christian
Democrat. 1t was realized.
however. that he could not
remain long in Office unless he
were bolstered by some spec
tacular development which
would endear him to the coun-
try and affect the many splin-
ter parties in the Italian Par
lament.
Remembering that Mr.. de
Gasperi had won a majority
in the 1948 election. after the
Western allies announcement
that Trieste would be returned
to Italy, we tried to repeat the
formula to help out Mr.. Pella.
On October 8, the American.
British and French govern
ments announced that they
would put into effect imme-
diately the promises given
the Italian people regarding
Trieste. The Adriatic port was
to be surrendered forthwith.
The announcement had the
desired effect. A wave Of en-
thusiasm affecting even Com
munists swept Italy. Mr.. Pella
became overnight the embodi-
ment of the nationalist aspira-
tions Of all of Italy.
It was unfortunate that we
were not in a position to de-
liver what we promised. Trieste
is being occupied by an Ameri-
can-BritiSh force Of $4,000
men, which could have been
easily withdrawn and replaced
by Italians. But Yugoslavia's
President Tito frowned and
rushed troops to the line of
demarcation between Trieste
and the hinterland. The Ital-
ians sent three divisions to the
Yugoslav border and it seemed
for a short time that if we full
filled our promises we might
find the two antagonists at
each others throats.
In conversation with Ambas-
sador Luce and other promi-
nent Americans. Mr.. Pella
warned that unless Trieste
were handed over his position
would become untenable. He
expressed fears that there
Evening star., 1954-01-14

lection Of this result might be
comforting to President Eisen-
hover at this point in his ca
reer.)
Mr.. Warren should not find
it difficult to explain his acts
as Governor. He has always
steered his course by his own
lights, often too much so to
please his party organization.
One point. however, is be-
ing made without respect to
his past actions or personal
merits. 1t is that he does not
have the judicial experience
requisite or at least desirable
for the great Office to which
he has been named. He is.
Of course, a lawyer and has
been district attorney and at
torney general of his State.
The demand for more pre-
vious judicial experience on
the Supreme Court has been
raised regularly during the re-
cent past and has almost as
regularly been disregarded by
recent Presidents. On the
court today only one Of the
nine justices has had pre-
vious judicial experience-Jus-
tice Minton. former Sena-
tor who came to the court
In 1949 from the United States
Court Of Appeals where he
served eight years. Admit
tedly Justice Minton has been
able to do Q greater share Of
the courts work than most
newcomers.
Justice Black, now the SEN
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Lowell WeNett-
Dynamite in Dynamic Program
Farm and Labor Proposals Cause Revolt in Presidents
Party in Congress; Farm Belt Statesmen Upset

One is led to wonder what
went on in the three-day con-
ference of Republican legisla-
tive leaders at the White
House in December, intended.
so it was said, to thrash out a
program for the session Of
Congress just begun. The Pres
ident wanted a dynamic, pro-
gressive program. to be en-
bodied in his state-of-the-
Union message. The program
contained in the message as
delivered could hardly have
been accepted in advance by
the legislative leaders, Judging
by the reception it is receiving
in Congress. The first time the
Senate members Of the Presi-
dents own party got together
in this sesSion-Tuesday of
this week-a full-sized revolt
against important parts of the
program was revealed. Dy-
manic or not, many Republi-
can Senators appeared to
agree that the Presidents ap-
proach to the farm problem
and the labor problem is filled
with political dynamite, which
Is not exactly the same thing.
Some explanation for the
curious situation so quickly de-
veloped may lie in the fact that
the White House conferees
were chiefly Senate and House
committee chairmen. Chair
man of the Senate Labor Com
mittee is H. Alexander Smith
Of New Jersey. but generally
regarded as the strongest man
In the committee Is Irving M.
Ives Of New York. Smith gave
immediate Endorsement to the
Presidents proposal for Gov
eminent polling Of rank-and-
1ale strikers and introduced q
ball-one that succeeded In
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

Ike he thinks too smart to want to be
President. The only thing smarter than
who pretends he isn't.
House tax writers begin work SIS 5miion tax relief"
bill Tax relief nothing than reduction that's
in your direction-and always hits two other guys
Republican congressman pleased with flexible
farm price support program They it's flexible they
think they bend out of sight before the election
Secretary Dulles asks the ratfy
treaty with Korea. Some Senators fear 1t violate the
Brcker Ac-whch fobids smuggling treaty State line
Ike he hopes White House correspondents get
this year. Thank you Mr.. Statesman!
The Government Minnesota busnessmans plan
to sell surplus butter to Russia The idea is let average
comrade which side of the curtain his bread buttered
House committee studies nes plan for
insurance of medical plans The halfway
between private doctors and socialzed medicineyou
call it sociable medicine.
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Admiral Felix Johnson
Named 10 BIandy Post
BY the Associoted Press

NEW YORK, Jan. 14.-Vice
Admiral Felix L. johnson. re-
tired Navy veteran Of both
World Wars. yesterday was
named to succeed Admiral Will
liam H. Blandy as chairman Of
the Naval Reserve Evaluation
Board. Admiral Blandy died
Tuesday.
The board. set up by Navy
Secretary Anderson last Oc-s
tober, has the job of making an,
overall analysis of the naval re-
serve program. 1t has held pre-
liminary meetings in Washing
ton. and will hold field hearings
throughout the country. .
Admiral Johnson, who is from
Leonardtown. Md, served as
commander of destroyers. At
lantic Fleet. in World War II.
and also as director of Navy
public relations and director Of
naval intelligence.
Evening star., 1954-01-14

confusing the issue. Ives an
nounced his fat opposition and
now nobody expects the Smith
bill to come out of committee.
Chairman of the Senate Ag-
riculture Committee is George
D. Aiken Of Vermont, a firm
believer in the flexible price
support plan suggested by the
President to replace the pres
ent 80 per cent of parity law.
Regardless Of the reasonable
ness or unreaSonableness of the
Presidents proposal it is con-
sidered little less than treason
IN the Farm Belt. Few Sena-
tors from the Midwest and
Northwest. Republican or DEM
ocratic, are inclined to face the
voters in advocacy of anything
less than 80 per cent. AS SEN
ator Young Of North Dakota
expressed it, who's going to
vote against it?"
On Tuesday Senator Aiken
placed in the Congressional
Record q set Of questions and
answers on the Presidents
farm program, prepared by
the Department of Agricul-
ture. The same day Senator
LANCER of North Dakota placed
in the Record q resolution
drafted by "the merchants
OF Kildeer. N. OAK" Said the
merchants. Resolved, That
we 60 on record condemning
any effort on the part of any
Congressman. the Department
of Agriculture or any agency
for attempting to disrupt the
present farm stabilization pro-
gram, affecting all basic farm
commodities. We further re-
solve that Congress shall not
only maintain 80 per cent of
parity, but shall endeayor to
establish 100 per cent Of parity
for basic farm commodities"
AS agricultural economists.
the merchants Of Kildeer may
Evening star., 1954-01-14

both trusted lieutenants Of the
Kremlin.
Mr.. Fanfani's orientation is
definitely to the left. although
he is not a Moscow puppet. Un-
able to satisfy the demands
of the Italian people regarding
Trieste, he believes that he
may gain the support of the
leftist parties in the Parlia-
ment by drastic agrarian re-
forms in the south and by
encouraging industrial ma
tionalization in the north.
Most American and Italian
observers fear that Italy hence
forth will follow the footsteps
of France by changing cabinets
every few months. Unfortu-
nately, Italy is nowhere near.
as rich as France. It thus
offers a far more fertile field
for communism. We may wit.
ness henceforth the usual Com
munist encroachments: At first
a deal to support left-wing gov
ernment IN. Parliament; then
inclusion of some Communist
parliamentarians in the gov
ernment; eventually establish
ment of the Communists firmly
in the cabinet.
The warnings that we may
withhold any further assistance
to Italy in such circumstances
are unlikely to affect the gen.
eral pattern which we fear
may develop there. Demagogic
promises for free land for
everybody and naturalization
of industries and business have
a greater appeal in that coun-
try today than economic and
military oceicf nce
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Swedish Astronomer
Wins Top U. S. Medal
BY the Assoeio.su Press

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. IA
The Bruce Medal, top United
States honor in astronomy, was
awarded yesterday to Prof. Bertil
Lindblad, director of the Stock
holm Observatory.
Prof. Lindblad pioneered a
photometric means of determing
the colors of distant galaxies.
For many years he has studied
the dynamics Of far-away island
universes. He was one of the
first astronomers to note the
existence of two peculiar types
Of stars which only recently en-
abled observers to determine that
the universe. is at least eight
times as large as formerly calcu-
lated.
Evening star., 1954-01-14
Doris FIeeson-

Chairman LANCER of the
Senate Judiciary Committee
is about to appoint a subcom-
mittee to sift in closed sessions
the communications received
for and against the nomina-
ton of former Gov. Warren
of California as Chief Justice
of the United States.
Open hearings are planned
for the full committee follow
ing receipt of the subcommit-
tees report. Senator LANCER,
who will head the subcommit-
tee, will ask Mr.. Warren to
testify IN both the closed and
open sessions. ~
A substantial Warren file
which has been accumulating
in the Judiciary Committee
reflects much the same re-
actions he evoked in his phe-
nomenal political career. Dur
ing the Warren regime, Cali
fornia moved up steadily to
tie with Pennsylvania as the
second largest State In the
Union. bowling only to New
York.
AS Warren worked to find
q middle way through the
morass Of social, economic and
political problems created by
such a boom, the left wing
cried faker and the right wing
mourned over his socialism.
Californians seemed satisfied;
they elected him three times
and once gave him the nomi-
nation Of both parties.
tParenthetically, the recol-