davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-11-28

atomic energy Moscow has an
opportunity to lose even more
international good will-on Q
grander scale.
Mr.. Lodge. In q speech be-
fore the q. N. earlier this
month. gave the have-not ma
tions a review Of what they
can hope to gain from the
atoms-for-peace program.
The lsotopes
Radioactive isotopes can be
used in two ways. to change
living things or to trace me-
chanical and chemical proc
esses.
Greatest progress in chang
ing of living things by isotope
radiation has been made in
the treatment OF cancer, where
radioactive cobalt has been
found to be a much more
effective killer of cancerous
cells than the old X-ray ma
chimes; in PRESCRIPTION OF food;
and in the Development OF neiD
agricultural strains, where
genetic mutations can be
speeded up many times to de-
velop strains that will resist
disease and produce better
foods and fibers in great
abundance.
Isotopes as tracers, Mr..
Lodge pointed out. already
are being used to keep sheets
Of steel, paper. plastic, or al
most any material at constant
thickness; to detect flaws in
welding and riveting which
once were extremely difficult
to find; to trace absorption
of fertilizers by growing
plants-even to follow the
progress of chicken feed
through the body of hen
so scientists can Judge what
kind of feed should be given,
and at what time, to produce
eggs more efficiently.
In medicine, tracers are al
ready saving thousands of
lives. They can detect faulty
blood circulation before it is
fatal, for instance. They have
also brought new discoveries
about diabetes, thyroid dis
orders and blood diseases.
They are valuable in control
ing epidemics, because they
can follow the migration of
disease-bearing flies and mos
quitoes.
Research into the still-mys-
terious process of photosyn-
thesis-the ability of plants
to make foods by means of the
use Of sunlight-also is facili-
tated by radioactive isotope
tracers.
Some so countries are al
ready sharing in the benefits
from these isotopes, which are
by-products of American mill
tary production.
In America, isotopes are now
saving American industry
about 500 million a year, and
in 10 years that savings rate
is expected to reach 81 billion.
The Training
The United States also has
mapped out an impressive
training program for foreign
scientists, and is prepared to
go ahead with this. too. OUT
side the United Nations.
Am b assa dor Lodge an
nounced five projects for 1855
/. A reactor training school,
Evening star., 1954-11-28
y. 5. Thinks Reds May Buy Complete Atom Plan

to be opened early In 1855, for
80 to so foreign scientists and
engineers.
2. One-to-two-year courses
In radiation safety and medi-
cine given by American uni
versities.
8. Courses In atomic biology
and medicine. ct the Argonne
Cancer Hospital In the Univer-
sity Of Chicago. the Brook
haven National Laboratory and
the Cancer Research Hospital
at Oak Ridge Institute Of Nu-
clear Studies. One to two year
courses viii be offered for 8 to
10 foreign students per course.
4. Tours Of our cancer re-
search facilities for $50 foreign
experts in the field.
: 5. Four-week courses In the
use Of kaleidoscope tracer tech
niques for more than $50 for
eign technicians In the next IL
to Is months.
8. Distribution Of 10 Libraries
Of unclassified material on
atomic science (more than
100000 pages Of data to CO.
operating nations.
No, Power Soon
Cheap electric power. Mr..
Lodge made clear. is not one
Of the benefits which the In
ternational atomic program can
bring quickly. The potential is
there. of course. and President
Eisenhower's atoms-for- peace
plan will hasten the day of its
arrival. But there are many
smaller steps that must be
taken first-training of atomic
technicians who can operate
reactors. for instance-before
we can send a uranium brick to
darkest Africa and bring elec-
trio light to the jungle.
The United States itself does
not have a reactor producing
power at competitive prices
yet. (Russia claims she has q
5000 XIV plant, but gives no
cost data
Most scientists agree it will
be the more highly-indus-
trialized countries which will
first be>able to produce and
use cheap electric power from
atomic reactors. Underde-
veloped nations, it seems likely.
will have to wait. even though
they need it more.
Where will this new Ameri-
can give-away program end?
No one pretends to know.
A French atomic expert, Col.
Charles Ailleret, claims 1t is
possible only in the abstract
"to distinguish peaceful re-
search and studies from mill
tary research and studies" in
nuclear science. He obviously
thinks that spreading atomic
knowledge all over the globe
quickly will have the effect
of Fastening the day when all
countries, large and small. have
atomic weapons as well as
atomic power.
The United States is sure that
it can prevent military use Of
the fashionable materials 1t is
now making available. And it
does not see how it can de-
prive the world of the great
peaceful advantages of atomic
science, merely because of the
risk in spreading military
knowledge at the same time.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

GWETA and the public what
can be done as O starter and
will, the group hopes, whet
local appetite for more educa-
tional television.
The next steps after the
pilot series ends are uncertain.
But the Board of Trustees Of
the GWETA Is tentatively
planning, as a second step, to
raise about $4,000 to put on a
whole year Of experimental
programs. These shows would
be broader in appeal, aimed at
a variety of age and interest
groups.
$550,000 for Stotion
Third step would be to raise
money for a regular ETV sta
tion. It would cost up to $780,
600 to build a station and op-
crate it the first year.
The Fund for Adult Educa-
ton, created by the Ford
Foundation. Is willing to chip
in $150,00O. The rest could
come from a variety of sources.
Other community-o owned ETV
stations have received about
one-third of their money from
public donations-mostly in
Embarrassing drives, sale Of
memberships and subscrip-
tions to- monthly program
schedules.
The rest has come from
various foundations, from
school boards trnost Washing
ton area school boards are
sponsors of the GWETA and
would be expected to con-
tribute) and from gifts in kind
from commercial radio and
T'V stations.
Fund-raising would be a
permanent feature of the ETV
stations existence. It would
have an annual budget of per-
Evening star., 1954-11-28
By Earl H. Voss

6Ot Bs VO9S
II is just 10 days short Of q
year since President Eisen-
hover first proposed his
atoms-for-peace plan before
the United Nations. In this
interval. progress In setting up
q working organization for
sharing peaceful uses Of atomic
energy has not been spectacu-
lar. by any means.
Soviet Russia. as expected,
has been dragging its feet. But
last weeks unanimous vote in
the U. N. political committee.
approving the idea Of an inter-
national atomic energy agency,
gave United States officials
new hope that the Kren1lin
can be persuaded to go along.
There will still be many OPP
portunities for what Ambas-
sador Henry Cabot Lodge, jr.,
calls Russia's tactic of delay
and delay and delay But the
United States and her western
allies have in their hands a
powerful lever to keep the
Kremlin in q cooperative
mood:
The threat to 60 on with a
share-the-atom plan without
the Soviet Union If necessary.
That prospect poses for the
Kremlin the possibility of a
propaganda defeat she could
not bear.
Since the President made
his atoms-for-peace speech
last December 8. United States
atomic policy has become a
carrot-and-stick operation.
Most of the year has been
spent dangling the carrot in
front of the Soviet Union-in
secret negotiations. But WOO
ing Mr.. Molotov for his own
sweet sake has never been very
rewarding.
So this summer the United
States released to the public
its secret correspondence with
Russia on the atoms-for- peace
plan. clearly showing where
the obstruction came from.
That marked the first ,ap-
pearance of the stick.
Clookroom ToIks
A second application Of the
stick has been the go-it-alone
threat, used by Ambassador
Lodge in the United Nations.
First in cloak-room conversa-
tions with the late Andrei
Vishinsky, then later more
openly. Mr.. Lodge got the
point across that the United
States and her allies were de-
termined to go on immedi-
ately-without the Soviet
Union-if the foot dragging
continued.
He put teeth into the threat
two weeks ago with his spec
tacular announcement that
the United States was setting
aside 220 pounds of fission-
able materials to be put into
experimental reactors around
the world. A day later Britain
contributed another A pounds.
Since Congress authorized
sharing some of our peaceful
know-how at its last session,
4 bilateral negotiations have
been opened with seven coun-
tries-Britain. France, Can
ada, Australia, Belgium, the
Union Of South Africa and
Portugal-for the exchange
Evening star., 1954-11-28

haps 100000, all to be raised
by some one.
No community ETV station
has been on the air Q full year.
SO no one knows how hard 1t
will be to meet the budgets.
But the popularity Of stations
In other cities has made. the
organizers there confident they
can keep going and expand.
The D. G. Bockers
Who is behind ETV in
Washington?
The association is made up
of five local universities, seven
school systems, public, pri-
vate and parochial, and nine
cultural institutions. Directly
responsible for the station is
a Board Of Trustees-14 per-
sons representing the GWETA
and seven persons represent
ing the public. In addition,
some 80 organizations-a real
cross-section of the COM
munity-make up an adj
visory council on program
ing.
Thepstation will be run by
professionals, helped by un-
paid volunteers.
A new channel-No. 90
will carry the programs. It
will be IN the So-called ultra
high = frequency band, the
. same band that will be used by
two new commercial TV sta
tions here in the near future.
Existing sets will need a con-
verter costing $14 to 500 to
pick up the new channels.
How did ETV get started?
It was q little more than
two years ago that the Fed
eral Communications Com
mission set aside 242 TV
channels for educational use.
The educational stations were
supposed to do things the
Evening star., 1954-11-28

of atomic information and fis-
sionable materials.
The 264 pounds of flssion-
ables which Britain and the
United States have set aside
win be drawn on to fill what
ever contracts are signed with
these nations. II the q. N.
agency is set UP before this
initial consignment Is used up,
the United States and Great
Britain have indicated they
will turn over what is left. II
through Soviet stalling or for
other reasons no U. N. agency
materializes. more fissionables
will be sent out to "have-not"
countries through such BIZ
lateral arrangements.
But the new International
Atomic Energy Agency, as
President Eisenhower wants to
call it. will not become a bank,
as had at first been intended.
After the Soviet Unions first
balk in secret negotiations, the
United States and its princi-
pal allies decided that to give
the U. N. agency actual GUS
tody Of the fashionable mate
rails would require TOO much
expense. Instead. the u. N.
group should act as q clearing
house. 1t was decided. to which
beneficiary states may make re-
quests and through which do
nor states can transfer their
contributions Of fashionable ma
terials.
Two Issues
The unanimous vote in the
U. N. political committee last
week was significant because it
did bulge the Soviet Union
from its noncommittal posi-
ton. But the resolution neat
ly sidestepped two issues which
may well reappear later as new
SnagS:
/. Will the U. N. agency come
under the control Of the Sc
curity Council or will 1t act
semi-independently. as a spe-
ciaized agency like UNESCO
or WHO? The Soviet Union
wants IAEA to be placed under
the Security Council. where
she can veto any action it does
not approve. The United
States wants to dodge the veto.
2. Will membership be re-
stricted to U. N. nations? The
Soviet Union favors letting
everybody in, including Com
munist China. The United
States. OF course. wants to ex-
clude Red China.
z No doubt these two issues
will give the Kremlin more op-
= portunity for delay in the or
ganizational meeting. now
scheduled for next summer.
They could also become mon
key wrenches in the interna-
tional scientific conference, for
the exchange Of atomic infor-
nation, which the U. N. has
scheduled for next summer.
probably In Geneva.
It will be interesting to see
how these Soviet objections
hold up as the benefits of
Anglo-American contributions
become recognizable to the
world. Surely the Kremlin
now realizes the mistakes it
made in staying out of the
Marshall Plan for economic
rehabilitation in Europe In
this new Marshall Plan for
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Educational " to Open New Era in Washington

commercial outlets could not
do: Educate. inform and en-
tertain without thought Of
profit.
No time can be sold, the
FEC has ruled. Ali stations
must be locally owned. Pro-
graming Is to be aimed at q
variety Of special interest
segments in the community
there will be no mass audi
ences and therefore no CROP
ing for q lowest common de-
nominator in program plan
ming.
There will be no CONNER
cials. Of course. No rigid con-
finement Of programs in 15-
minute segments. No worry
about losing a sponsor If an
experiment fails. No network
vice presidents to say that
something cannot be done.
Eight Stations Operating
Eight ETv stations already
are operating, most on q 35 to
40 hour q week schedule.
Stations at Houston, Tex: East
Lansing. Mich: Madison, Wis,
and Lincoln, Nebr.. are run by
universities. Those in San
Francisco, Pittsburgh, st. Louis
and Cincinnati are community
owned-as will be the Wash
ington station.
Each appears to be a bang.
up success. Most of their
programs are produced To-
cally. The rest are films,
principally from the Educa-
tional Television and Radio
Center, another recipient of
Ford money. The Center is a
library of the best ETV pro-
grams from this country and
abroad. All stations can draw
from the library and all will
contribute films Of their own
top programs.
Another national organiza-
tion, the National Citizens
Committee for Educational
Television, Is available to help
all stations organize and OPP
crate.
How good are ETV pro-
grams? Observers say some
are as good technically as
commercial }TV's best, and
some are as bad as commercial
TVS worst.
One program, a half hour Of
Shakespearean commentary by
DR.. Frank Baxter of the Uni
versity of Southern California,
was SO popular it was pur-
chased by a commercial netA
work Cts on WTOP-TV at
$50 am. every Sunday. The
Houston station conducts his
tory's largest psychology class.
Diplomas for Prisoners
st. Louis worked up a chill
dren's program. "The Finder"
which flourished opposite
"Howdy Doody." In Pitts
burgh even prisoners in the
local jail are getting high
school diplomas from attend
ing" ETV classes.
But all this, educational TV
people believe. Is peanuts com.
pared to what Washington
could produce. No other city
could match the program ma
terial available in the Nations
Capital. Other cities are wait
ing anxiously for Washington
programs to be filed in the
film center. , 2
AS one national ETV spokes-
man put 1t when warned Of
possible financial difficulties
here:
washington simply has to
come in"
Evening star., 1954-11-28
By Richard FrykIund

u
There was no public cele-
bration the day Gutenberg
started to carve Western civil
lization's first movable type,
and there will be no civic hol-
day next week when David c.
Stewart produces Washington's
first experimental. educational
television program. But both
events rate some sort Of
whoopdedoo by persons who
like to mark the progress Of
mankind,
The revolutionary advance
In printing was a famous
milestone. It unlocked the
learning that had been stored
in costly hand-written books
and brought it within reach of
any person with the time, :
ability and inclination to read.
Educational TV is another
milestone of comparable sig
nificance for Washingtonians.
It takes information about our
cultural heritage out Of the
universities, museums, art gall
leries, and the minds Of learned
men and drops it all in the
laps Of any one with a TV set.
Printing, of course, changed
the face of the world. What
educational TV ultimately may
do staggers the minds of peo-
pie who have begun, to work
with it. They have found a
vast demand for knowledge
acquired through ETV. They
wonder what this country will
be like when the demand is
met.
Nowhere is ETV out Of the
diaper stage, of course. And
Washington's newly scheduled
series of ETV programs Is only
a whisper of a beginning Of
a beginning.
Pilot Series
Actually it will be a pilot
series of nine half-hour shows
produced by Mr.. Stewart, who
is one-half of the entire pro-
fessional staff of the Greater
Washington Educational Tele-
vision Association (GWETA).
The group has no station. Of
course, and no money with
which to buy commercial time.
But WMAL-TV offered to do
nate time and equipment for
the pilot series which starts
early next month.
The experimental programs
will be presented by some of
the local institutions which
created the GWETA. The Fol-
ger Shakespeare Library will
open the series with "Sea Bat
tle." the story of the defeat Of
the Spanish Armada in 1888.
"Sea Battle" will be a combi-
nation drama reading show.
Other programs scheduled
include American University's
DR.. Nathan A. Bailey, showing
how to live within ones
budget; George Washington
University's. DR.. George Ga
NOV on "Galaxies in Flight; !;
the National Gallery of Arts
DR.. Raymond Steitz ON Ren1-
brandt; the Library of Com
gress on the Mathew Brady
pictures; Howard University on
radioactive isotopes in medi-
cine; Catholic University on
Shakespeare's Richard III;
the Smithsonian Institution on
the development of aeronau-
tics, and Georgetown Univer-
sity's DR.. Leon Dostert on for
eign languages.
The pilot series will show the
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-10-13
JESTE Ii SUYISE
RADI0AKT|YNI?

Pred kratko vrijeme ostva-
rem je brojac radioaktivnih
cestica takvih dimenzija, da
je mime moguce istovreme-
no mjeriti radioaktivnost ci-
tavog ljudskog tijela. Tai Sc
brojac sastoji cd male valj-
kaste celicne kace 75x75 cm
u koju ispitivana osoba treba
da udje. Svakako, ma udob-
most Sc kod toga nije mi
slilo.
Naokolo Sc nalazi organ
ska tekucina IL koje pod die
lovanjem gama zraka izbija-
ju iskrenja, a ia sc onda hva-
taju pojacavaju sa As foto-
pojacala. Citav tai uredjaj
zasticen je cd vanjskih radi-
jacija olovnim omotacem, de-
belim IL centimetara.
Takvim brojacem moguce
je mjeriti prirodnu ljudsku
radioaktivnost, jer svi smo
mi, naravno ma maloj mjeri,
radioaktivni. Covjek cd 70
kilograma sadrzi $50 grama
kalijevih soil. Kalij pax do
lazi kao smjesa triju izotopa,
Cd kojih jedan Is atomskom
tezinom 4O) emitira beta i
gama zrake. Sa spomenutom
kolicinom, ljudsko tijelo po-
sjeduje radioaktivnost S ot-
prilike 80 impulsa u sekundi.
Odsada &c biti moguce da
Sc kallJ u lJudskom OrganlZ-
mu odredi vrlo precizno, te
&c Sc njegov metabolizam in
vivo moci razmatrati ma no.
vol bazi.
Napokon, vrlo &c Sc jedno-
stavno sada moci odrediti
razlicita laksa trovanja radio
aktivnim supstancama, kao
sto Sc to dogadja radnicima
koji rade sa svjetlecim sup
stancama sto sadrze radiu-
move soil (svjetlece broke l
kazalje ma satovima).
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-10-13

Luzerne, Pa. Ovime sc "a.
hvaljujemo svima darovateljima
koji su doprinijeli svoj dio "a po-
pravak crkve Sveticke, Blazene
Djevice Marie u staroj domovi.
nj. Darovatelji / svote su kako
slijedi:
Pc $4,000: Ljubica Opacak IL
Camden, N. ]. Po $1,000: Prija-
teljice il Camden, N. j., John
Markovich il Kanade i Ivan Iva.
Sic il Rankin, Pa.
Po $500: Antonio RadoseviG
il Kalifornije, ]. P. il Minnesota
Fabian .Prementin il Kanade
Po $500: Helen Mikach il Traf-
ford, Pa. Po $500: B. Urban il
Trafford, Pa. i Petar Dukan il
Wilmerding, Pa.
Ova svota koju smo primili
cd nasih zupljana il vana iznosi
sunni cd $1,000, a sa svotom sto
smo sabrali ovdje u Luzerni iz-
nosi svega ukupno $181.O0. Ime-
ma ovih darovatelja svote il
Luzerne su vec bile objavljene u
nasim novinama, pax nije potre-
bno da in po drugi put objavlju-
jemo.
Svima nasim zupljanima Cr-
kve Blazene Djevice Marie u
Sveticama kraj Karlovca, Jasko-
vo, Hrvatska, u ime tamosnjeg
zupnika zupljana, kao u ime
nase ovdje, svima darovateljima
Sc najiskrenije zahvaljujemo ma
njihovim doprinosima.
Odbornici: Steve Mikach, j.
V. i p. e.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-10-13

rodjenom grudom - poslije
pedeset godina! Ina mnogo
nacina kako iseljenik moze o.
drzavati dodir 8 domovinom
da pomaze svoj kraj, da -
kao Josip sragalj - dopusta
da mu Sc U kuci govori sa.
mo materinjim jezikom, to
jest, u sragljevu slucaju, o.
MIN socnim narjecjem Cora
ma Kovacica. I najvise time
da ostaje odan novoj Jugo-
slaviji.
- S ushicenjem pr a t i m
razvitak u domovini - re-
kao je farmer IL Galesburga.
- Gdje je ovo cd mog vre-
mena! Sve je drugacije, cini
mi Sc, da je drugi | zrak u
MON Gorskom Kotaru.
Koliko znam po drugim
slucajevima, iseljeniku koji
nakratko posjecuje zavicaj,
nije uvijek lako. Kakve sve
price cuje, i moljakanja pre-
trpi, a sam dolazi il svije-
ia s teretom protuslovnih vi
jesti o mama! I onda mu pre-
estate da mnogo gleda i da
cuva svoj vlastiti sud o ma
soj stvanosti, o nasem So
cijalizmu. Pa da Sc vrati kao
branilac nase istine.
- Pomladio me je boravak
u domovini - rekao ie Jo-
sip Sragalj.
- sto vam Sc svidjelo ma
Velesaj jmu?
- Sve. Sve sto je domace,
odgovorio je vrlo 1.-Two.
- A mace?
- Promatram dobro oko
sebe. zelio bin da izrucim DO
zdrav swim sunarodnjacima i
da i'm cestitam!
Velesajam je vrio preza-
sicen ljudima. Farmer IL Ga
lesburga nastavio je svoj put
po nasim paviljonima. Ako
je Velesajam pomogao - sto
] jest - ucvrscenju Were ma
seq covjeka, ma distanci ME
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-10-13

redbe i kroz to vrijeme, vrije-
me &c sazoriti j mi cemo tex
onda doci do potpunoga u
vjerenja, da mi to moramo
ostvariti prize iii kasnije.
Nakon sto je svako d.us-
two dobilo pismeno izvjesce,
i stanovitu svotu kao dio cd
cistog dohotka, svi razdraga-
nj i veseli lijepog uspjeha, u
bratskom i veselom razgovo-
ru uz casicu pive i rakije, i
dobrog zagriska gledajuci po-
micne slike u bojama nase
proslave, koje je uzimao mas
clan brat Radovan Loncar,
rastali smo sc u 11::3O u We
Ger i time smo dovrsili mas
rad u vezi sa 60-godisnjicom
HBZ u So. Chicago. Ostavili
jedan dio naseg cistog do
hotka u centralnoj blagajni
i time ostali i unapred kao
jedna organizacija ujedinje-
nih drustava HBZ u So. Chi
cago, koji cemo sa zadanom
rijeci jedan drugome proslije-
diti sa sloznim bratskim ra-
dom u korist nasih drustava
i HBZ u opce
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-10-13

blaga.
5. Priznajem takodjer, da
brat Ginzer nije nikada ne
ovlasteno upotrebljavao gaso-
line, benzine iii inc potrep-
stine ma farmi, i nije nikada
upotrebljavao vlasnistvo Do
ma "a svoju osobnu uporabu.
Madam Sc, da nije nitko
bio zaveden sa mojim prijas-
MIN clancima, jer Sc ina
brata Ginzera pohvaliti ma
njegovim uspjesima ma farmi,
Nije bila moja namjera da
sa svojim izvjescem dopisi-
ma nanesem bilo kakovu ne
pravdu bratu Ginzeru, pa Sc
madam, da &c oval formalni
ispravak posluziti, da upozna
clanstvo H. B. 2. sa pravom
mojom namjerom sa istini-
tim cinjenicama.
Ovoliko i radi mira i slo-
ge u redovima Hrvatske Brat
ske Zajednice.
Nick ID. Sarich,
Upravitelj Djecjeg Donna.