davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-12-01
Drainage
Project
Protects
Farms
By RAY ONION
R0Oing Reporter

MOTORISTS TRAVELLING south on
highway SO between Choteau and Fair
field are abruptly greeted by '95
mph speed limit sign. The road is
straight and level; there's no town or
cross road that would seem to warrant
reducing speed. But as you view the
lake in the distance and see flocks of
ducks alighting on and taking off from
the water and the gangly blue herons
wading along the shore you automatic
ally let up on the throttle to get bet
ter view of the wildlife and give little
thought to the reason for the ''reduce
speed" sign.
Then it hits you--an aroma of marsh
gas that would give pole cat an in
feriority complex. Your first impulse
is usually to get out of there and the
heck with the ducks. But the bumps
in the road make speeds in excess of
IS somewhat hazardous.
Proceeding along the road you see
that the shoreline of the lake is rather
vague and ill-defined In places the
water comes to within five feet of the
highway. The strands of wire on
broken down fence about 20 yards off
the road are draped with grassy slime,
indicating that at one time it was half
submerged.
Insect Paradise
On, the other side of the road you
notice that the ditch between the high
way and railroad tracks is filled with
green, Stagnant water, and the land
beyond the tracks is also flooded. By
this time the windshield of your car
has become so Splattered with bugs
you can hardly see through it.
AS you near the south end of the
swamp you see couple of vacated
farmsteads. The hard, cracked gumbo
soil and the dead grass indicates that
at one time the water flooded almost
to the doorsteps.
You have just driven along, OF
through, Greenfields Lake, sometimes
known as Freezeout Lake, an alkal
stump. It's fed by water from sprins
run-offs and waste water from lane
irrigated by the Greenfields Irrigation
Project. 1t has no outlet. The watel
level rises and falls with the seasons
During the drouth of the 30s it wa
practically dry. Increased rainfall plu
irrigation drainage has caused stead
build-up, flooding grazing land and in
undating up to one-third of some of tn
quarter section tracts of farm land O
its borders. After the spring rains q
1858 the highway and railroad track
were under water.
Not Even Good for Ducks
While the area supports quite larg
population of resident ducks and is
stop-over for migratory flocks, tn
constantly fluxuating water level II
tards the growth of nesting cover, NAL
l8-December l., 1854
, 1954-03-16
ALEXANDER GETS
SENATE
TO BE GOVERNOR

Governor de Castro was adj
vised this morning by the
Office of Territories that the
Honorable Archie a. Alexan-
der was confirmed by the
Senate of the United States
as Governor of the Virgin Is
lands late Friday afternoon,
March II.
Reports in connection with.
the confirmation was given
out but the Governors re-
lease this morning is the first
official confirmation Of the
news here.
, 1954-03-16
Pldns for Virgin
Islunds Carnivul
Nears Completion

Plans are well underway
for the Virgin Islands Carni-
val which is scheduled to be
held in IS, Thomas from
Thursday to Saturday, April
20 through SOth and May1.
Friday and Saturday are pub
lie holidays.
The celebrations will open
on Thursday with 4 pageant,
written by ]. Antonio Jarvis
and directed by Norman Chel-
quist.
As contest to determine the
Carnival Queen, sponsored By
TAU will get under way
shortly. Sockets and wire for
four miles Of light streamers
will soon be put together by
the Vocational School. Funds
to purchase the lights were
raised since the last carnival.
Expected to visit st. Tho
, 1954-03-16
Bureau Of Budget
Refuses funds for
PoY Increase in v. /.

The Bureau of the Budget
has rejected the application
Of the local government for
funds to pay department
heads and other top Federal
officials in the Virgin Islands
the salary increases which
were recently extended to
them.
Unless the amount Of the
projected salary increases can
be made up by savings, these
officials will have to go with
out salary boosts this fiscal
year.
, 1954-03-16
legislative Assembly
Sends Congrdts to
AlexandeE

The Legislative Assembly
of the Virgin Islands through
its vice-chairman sent congra-
tulations to the new Governor
Q fthe Virgin Islands. yester-
day.
The Hon. Earle Ottley, chair
man cabled as follows:
"Warmest congratulations on
your selection as Governor for
Hirgin Islands. People ex end
hearty welcome to our shores
and sincerely wish your adj
ministnation success. Rest as
sured of wholehearted coor
Grafton Of Legislature"
, 1954-03-16

hungry cave-men and women,
while the chefs found it quick
and perfectly suited to cooking
on the small kerosene stove that
was their kitchen. Ably aided
BY Miss Blakesley, Chief Cook
Sawtelle prepared food at all
hours BY the light Of her head.
lamp for the groups Of famished
explorers as they returned from
investigating miles Of unchartea
galleries. In addition, Miss Saw
teile set a record for feminine
.speinakegs tcage experts By
staying underground for l36
hours.
, 1954-03-16
Lieut.. Lowell Schuster
Tuking Specidl
ll-Week Course

Second Lieutenant Lowell
@. Schuster who graduated
from Howard University last
June with the BIS. degree is at
present undergoing eleven
weeks Of training at Fort Ben
ming, Georgia, to thoroughly
indoctrinate him with the res
possibilities and tasks as an
Infantry unit commander.
A graduate Of the Christian
sted High School, Class of '48,
Lieut.. Schuster was employed
during the summer BY the
Virgin Islands Corporation.
, 1954-03-16

.W E2Fe
Food supplies posed a special
problem to the group as all
provisions had to be dragged
through a 16-inch opening down
d 1206efoot crawlway to Base
Camp #1. Fresh meats and
vegetables were periodically
pulled through the passage by
supply teams, but staples such as
dried fruits, paekaged pre-cooked
rice, Instant coffee, canned juices
and soups were kept on HAND at
al times. Especially important
to the aaventurers' diet was
Minute Rice which was served
1T least twice a day. The eg-
plorers found it a filling food for
= NFrM
, 1954-03-16

mas to participate in the cele-
brations are the famous Trini-
dad calypso singer, ZEBRA,
and other Trinidadians, steel
bands, and performers from
Puerto Rico.
, 1954-03-16
Churles Cluuch is
Appointed Covenant
Secretary for v

Charles Clanuch, who serv-
ed on the White House staff
for the past twenty-five years
has been appointed to the
post Of Government Secre-
tary, to replace Daniel Am
brose.
MI. Clanueh is reported to
have served here during the
Naval administration.
Administrative Assistant
Valdermar Hill, Secretary to
the Governor Frederick Es-
annason have been advised
that they will be replaced.
Their successors will arrive
here with Mr.. Alexander. The
new chief executive will be
accompanied by Mrs. Alexan-
der.
80 EZIEA 49,
, 1954-03-16
Governor Sets Budget
Hearings for Wed. in
ST. Thomds

Governor de Castro has
scheduled budget hearings
with department heads to be-
pin on Wednesday, March II.
He is expected to prepare
budget climates for presenta-
ton to the Municipal Coun-
els on April /.
According to the Organic
Act, the Governor is required
t. submit budget estimates
for the next fiscal year by
April /.
Governu 9xpects to meet
that deadline, and at the re-
Quest of Governor designate
Alexander will submit bud
est cstin ates to the legi la
tuga eaNlng 4up . bis sue-
ccs5er to work out the deteils.
, 1954-03-16

Life underground Is no cinch, but these two modern cave
women emerged from the darkness Of kenturkys Crystal
Caves recently with glowing impressions Of cavern living. Lda
Sawtelle of Brooklyn. N. N, and Audrey Blakesley OF Trenton,
j. were doubly important Nembers Of the National Speleo,,
logical Society's Expedition C-3-theys also prepared the food
fnr The hungry exDIOrers. 4.Ss&
, 1954-03-16

Governor de Castro had
high praise for Mr. Alexander
whom he found to be a fine
person and a perfect gentle
man.
It was understood that Mr..
de Castro was offered a posi-
ton mthe Islands, and anoth-
er in Washington, but he de-
clined. He plans to enter pri-
vatea business Immediately af-
onter he retires as Governor
on ApriII9
, 1954-03-16

Puerto Rico.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-04

25 and 26, and Ashland district,
April 20. 80 and May l.
Information about the other
areas on the tour and .the dates
that the places will be open can
be obtained from any one of the
information centers.
This is an opportunity for the
public to see estates, gardens and
places of interest in a State
stepped with historic tradition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-04
Miss Ann E. Foy
Becomes Bride

Miss Ann Elizabeth Foy, daugh-
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. Frederick
Foy of Overlook Farms. Bakers
town, Pa, and formerly of Berke-
ley, Calf. was married recently
to Mr.. Stuart Richard Gum,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Carlton
Merrick Gum of Sunderland,
Mass.
The ceremony was held in
Berkeley at st. Clements Episco-
pal Church, with DR.. j. Henry
Thomas officiating.
The bride attended Holton
Arms School in Washington and
was graduated from Liggett
School in Detroit and Mount
Holyoke College. Since her grad
uation she has worked as Mil
itary Intelligence Research Spe-
cialist in Washington. The BRIDE
groom is a graduate of the Uni
versity of Massachusetts,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-04
Miss Condor
Bride-EIect

Mr.. and Mrs. Edward j. Con-
don of Oak Park. ILL.,. announce
the engagement of their daugh-
ter, Mary Louise, to Mr.. j. Dennis
O'Brien. He is the son of MIR.
and Mrs. John C. O'Brien of
Chevy Chase. Md.
The bride-elect is a graduate
of Trinity College. Mr.. O'Brien
attended Notre Dame University
and was graduated from the
Catholic University of America.
The wedding will take place in
the spring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-04
Dates Set
For Tour
lnNrginio

Historic Garden Week in Vir-
ginia will take place from April
"a to May /. Places throughout
the State will be shown on
various days during this week.
The opening day has been
the one selected for those who
are interested in seeing the Alex
andria district. Information
Centers. locally, include the vir-
GINA State Travel Bureau, ITO
jackson place NV; the A. A. A..
and the Alexandria Chamber of
Commerce.
Hours for the Alexandria tour
are set for 10 in the morning
to S in the afternoon and a
ticket including the 10 houses
is $3.50. Hours. generally, are
daily 10 to $50 and Sunday 2
to $50.
The tour is put on by the Gar
den Club of Virginia. Tickets
for the Alexandria tour on the
Oath are available at the George
Mason Hotel or at any of the
houses on the tour. Proceeds
will go to the restoration of the
garden at Woodlawn, home of
George Washington's adopted
daughter, Nelly Gusts, and her
husband Lawrence Lewis.
Places in Alexandria include
Summer Hill, owned by Judge
and Mrs. Thurman Arnold: Four
Winds. home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Benjamin McElhinney; Mr.. and
Mrs. Donald Kings South Lee
street house, Mr.. Edward c. Van
Devanter's South Lee street
house. and Spring Gardens.
owned by Mr.. and Mrs. Harry
w. Harris.
Others include Mr.. and Mrs.
Lawrence B. Laurent's jefferson
street house, Mr.. and Mrs. Paul
n. Crocker'S North Fairfax street.
house, the Lafayette House.
owned by Mr.. and Mrs. E.
Charles Woods, the Norford Inn.
owned by Mr.. William Lindsay
Norford and Mr.. and Mrs. Rob-
ert E. Lee Moore; the Old Pres
byterian Meeting House and
Christ Church.
Days for some of the other
locales are Leesburg and LOU
doun Counties. April "a, Is and
26; Upper Fauquier County and
Warrenton districts, April 27:
Warrenton, April %; Fredericks-
burg. April 27; Northern Tide
water district, each day; North
ern Neck, Lancaster and North
cumberland Counties, April "a.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-08
Your Maryland Tax
ANMust File Returns for So,
Even if Living in State One Day

the income tax division, says his
Office is swamped now, but it
can still handle more returns,
rather than doing all the work
after the filing deadline. mid
night April Is.
AS usual, you may use either
Of two returns. Both are found
on Form 500, available at your
postoffice, courthouse or bank.
Any one can use the regular
Oong) form. and persons who
made less than $4,000 can file
the optional (Short) form, pro-
viding no more than $500 of it
was investment income.
And il you're complaining.
just think of some nearby States
which take more than Maryland.
One State collects from 8 to
6 per cent on income. Mary
landers pay 2 per cent on earned
income and the first $500 of in
veStment (unearned) receipts.
Only investment income in ex-
cess of $500 is taxed at 5 per
cent.
The money you paid the Fed
eral Government cannot be de-
Quoted from your State taxes,
but more often than not you
can deduct income taxes you
owe another State. Such reci-
procity exists between Maryland
and 20 of the SO States that
have income tax laws.
The way it works. you file
with Maryland on the basis of
your entire yearly income, figure
what you owe on it. then sub
tract the amount you owe the
other State. Maryland loses on
this for the most part. Mr..
Marsh says, because the tax rate
here is lower than any other
State in the area.
However. If you moved to
Maryland during 1853 from a
State that has no income tax,
you must pay Maryland on your
income for the entire year.
Failure to file on time incurs
a penalty of 6 per cent annually
plus a possible fine.
More than SIS million was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-08
Area Residents
OF Maryland Con
Get Tax Form Aid

District area residents Of
Maryland can obtain help in
filling out their tax forms at
the Washington Office of the
Maryland State controllers
Office, Room 903 Of the In
ternational Building. 1919 F.
street NV. They can call
there in person or get in
formation by phone at Ster-
ling 5000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-08

collected in the past fiscal year
from delinquents.
Ignorance of the law is no ex-
cuse. as the Court Of Appeals
found in an income tax case in
volving a government attorney
vast year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-08

Communist nations are trying
to capture midas newsprint
market from Scandinavian sup
pliers by undertaking them,
Bombay reports.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-08
First Of a Series.)

First of a Series.)
Individuals must file if they:
/. Lived in the State in 1855
even if they moved in New Years
Eve.
2. Earned at least $1,000 last
year and are single. or married
and living apart from their hus-
band or wife.
3. Earned $4,000 as husband
wife.
4. Crossed at least $1,000 from
their business.
Benjamin F. Marsh, chief of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-08
Your Maryland Tex
BY fhe Assoeioisd Press

ANNAPOLIS. April 8.-Mary-
land taxpayers have one week to
file their State income tax re-
turns. without the Is per cent
cut granted the past two years
by the Legislature.
The General Assembly failed
to grant a cut this year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18
BY Charles E. TroceweN

the grass steadily refuse to look any
better.
The next day, when you dig down
in the border, the earth is moist for
only an inch-below that 1t is nice and
dry and even chalky.
Probably it is too much to put the
blame on the water-water is water,
of course-or is it?
The American Indians had their
weeds, many of them used in their
menicines. The pokeweed was one OF
them.
They had one they used for colds,
and another for aches and pains, and
still another for the ladies, comprising
a materia medica now long in the
discard, except for a few old reliables
such as serpent weed for rheumatism
and digitalis for the heart.
The weeds, at least some OF them,
are great and glorious plants, wherever
you find them. Every yard should have
few of them, to give good example
to more coddled plants on how to grow
and make the best Of things.
Man, himself, proudly announced to
be but little lower than the angels,
could take lesson from the weeds.
and turn inimical conditions to good.
This is, indeed, the step nature forces
on him, from time to time, and the
fact that he has survived many and
great tests shows that he is, In truth,
q sort of weed himself, and can be
proud of it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18
This and That

soil was as dry as powder. Gould the
plant roots manage to get water where
no water seemed to be?
Probably they could, since plants are
wonderful things.
It takes a dry season to make us
understand just how wonderful the
growing things Of the earth are.
The various weeds manage to make
us understand this just little better
than most things.
They do well anywhere. in any
weather, probably just because they
have to; nature put growth into them
to compensate for the lack Of care
mankind gives them.
A weed, after all, is just a plant
like any other.
1t is a plant which has not been
able to get mans nod, as it were They
are on. their own, and must handle
themselves accordingly. Not for them
the helpful watering at evening which
the cultivated plants receive.
It has seemed to us 1--WE do not
insist on IT'D that today's water, filled
with chlorine and fluorine and algae,
seems to do the garden very little
good.
Can this be because of the inimical
content, or is 1t just because one does
not stick to it long enough?
It seems as if the very ground curdleS
with this water.
No matter how much you put on, how
fingers ache, or how long the sprinkler
is allowed to run, the flowers and even
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18

Ere your comments on Queen Anne's
lace, jimson weed, and pokeweed, a
few days ago, huge sheaf of the first
appeared in the floral offering at my
church," writes A. c. w. of College
Park, Md.
81 always have a few pokeweeds
around, for nostalgia'S sake, probably.
AS boy, always made ink with them,
but what was much worse, fought duelS
with them.
1.-TWO boys would grasp hands, with
a good, husky, very ripe branch OF
poke berries in the other and whip
each other round and round till they
were out of berries, or one said
enough
"Now, graham bread, and I'll quit:
don't think the flour going into the
present-day whole wheat flour is any
different than it was then, because
then bread was homemade, which Is
always better, when properly done.
1.-THE other reason it tasted better
was we had fewer things then. and
were correspondence more appreciative
of what we did have
X 4
It is amazing the way cultivated
plants in our gardens, as well as the
weeds, grow in soil which is almost as
hard as concrete.
We were looking at the things in the
garden the other day, that hot Sunday
afternoon, and wondering how they
did it.
Dig down as far as you could, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18

greatly complicate the FBI task Of infll-
trating their ranks. The FIJI has been
doing splendid job Of keeping the Reds
under control, using the Smith Act to Jail
top-ranking leaders of the party and the
Internal Security Act to force registration
of the party before the Subversive Activities
Control Board. Both of these effective ap-
proaches would have to be strapped under
legislation to outlaw membership in the
party as well as to outlaw the party itself
The SubverSive Activities Control Board
already has found the Communist Party
to be MoscoW-co controlled agency subject
to registration. Arguments on the party'S
appeal to the United States Court Of APP
peals have been completed and the courts
decision is awaited. The Governments
hope of a favorable decision will be blasted
If the Internal Security Act is strapped in
favor of questionable law, condemned by
the FBI.
It would be better to have no bill than
the one which has been rushed through
both houses. President Eisenhower ought
to veto it-whatever the political risks in
volved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18
Purtitioned Wet Nam

The partitioning Of Wet Nam by the
Geneva diplomats has given rise to all
manner of comparisons and evalua-
tons. the word Munich" being per-
haps the one most frequently mem
toned in this connection.
Richard DeutSch, writing on the SUBJ
Ject III your columns Sunday Star,
July 25), concurred with Undersecre-
tary Of State Walter Bedell Smith, who
rejected the analogy between the
Geneva and Munich agreements as
none too apt. The partition of Wet
Nam need not necessarily have drastic,
Munich-like consequences, says Mr..
Deutsch, who then draws an interesting
parallel between the Indo-C Chinese stu
alton and that which the Romans
faced in Germany on the threshold of
our era.
There appears to be little doubt that
the partition line Of the 18th Parallel
in Wet Nam can be held by military
force actually stationed below the
parallel. Its open Laotian flank makes
the position admittedly more precarious
to defend than the dividing line of the
38th Parallel in Korea. But a strong
body of troops would stand good
chance Of repelling Communist armed
aggression there, as it did in Korea.
What is alarming, however, is that
no defensive measure seems to be under
consideration beyond Southeast Asian
Security Treaty-an ineffective paper
defense. The population of Wet Nam,
tried by eight years of civil war, and
having witnessed the Red Chinese hold
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18
Fifth Amendment Lawyers

It may be that nothing will come OF the
recommendation to the American Bar Asso-
citation that the invoking of the Fifth
Amendment by lawyer be made grounds
for automatic disbarment. There is logic,
however, to support the proposal.
lawyer is supposed to be an officer OF
the court. If he commits crime, and this
is proved, he viii be disbarred. Is there any
real difference between this and a situation
in which lawyer refuses to answer a proper
question put by an appropriate body on the
ground that he is afraid truthful answer
would incriminate him?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18
PeriIous Politics

Congress has allowed election-year
politics to dominate its better Judgment In
considering anti Communist legislation. 1t
is perilous politics for majority to vote in
favor of a bill which Attorney General
Brownel and FBI Director Hoover have
warned would hinder rather than help in
the war against the Red conspiracy. The
bill approved yesterday, first by the Senate
and then by the House, contains provision
which, according to these officials, would
hamper the FBI and which is subject to
challenge on constitutional grounds.
The unwise provision, sponsored by
Democratic Senator Humphrey, would make
1t a criminal offenSe to be Communist.
II the proposal is designed to counteract
charges of Democratic Softness toward Com
munists in the Government it may boomer
ang. Such law, says Mr.. Hoover, would
drive all Communists underground and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-18
Letters to The Star

added, "That statistic is weakened by
the decrease in purchasing power Of
money" Here he shows himself fuzzy
minded" as much as those "intellec-
tuals" whom he dislikes so much, since
what he says is in direct contradiction
with Says Law. the foundation, not Of
the Keynesian economics which he APP
parently rejects but of the classical eco
Monies which presumably he accepts.
According to Says Law, since money
can purchase only what is produced and
all that is produced must be exchanged
for money, it follows that purchasing
power is identical with production. Thus
if the production of Iowa has increased.
so has the purchasing power of its
money. Here Says Law makes good
sense. and wish that Mr.. Hoover could
see it, since not what any artificial
unit. such as dollar. but what the
people can buy is important.
Sidney Koretz.