davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11
BY Henry B. Lee

The State Department has rolled
back communism in Bolivia and thus
won an important but unheralded
cold war" battle. This battle,
waged mostly with surplus food,
may become blueprint for fighting
communism in backward areas.
Bolivia faced almost every kind
Of crisis about q year go-both
man-made and natural. Falling
world tin prices bankrupted the
country. Poor crops and foreign
exchange scarcity threatened wide
spread starvation. FaScists and re-
dictionaries tried to overthrow the
government and restore an oppres-
sive oligarchy. All these develop
mentS helped the Communists who
were also trying to take over the
government.
Today this same government is
"aggressively anti Communist" a
reliable ally of the United States.
and a new hope for democracy in
Latin America. What looked like a
setIp for the Communists year
ago Is now becoming big asset for
the free world alliance.
Credit this development to the
State Department. 1t stepped into
Bolivia's mounting crises on which
the Communists were feeding,
weaned the government away, from
Communist infiltration with crucial
aid at critical time. and thus got
the best bargain Of the cold war.
Overthrow Of Par
This encouraging story goes back
to April, 1852. The people had
elected Victor Par EstenSsoro, leader
of the National Revolutionary Move
ment tMNR). as president, but
military junta took over the gov
eminent and voided the election.
The people then expresSede their
choice with bullets more convincing
" than they had with ballots.
This government inherited many
acute problems. Tin production
furnished Bolivia SO per cent Of its
taxes and rs per cent of its foreign
exchange. The Patino, Aramayo and
Hochschild families owned about 70
per cent Of the tin mines. They
had rugged the economy to q system
OF cheap labor and permanent
flight Of capital. They had perpet-
uated political system that ,wav-
cred between anarchy and oligarchy.
Most Bolivians believed their ma
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

north than before. Farmers In
hitherto-temperate climates know it
and are having to dig deeper for
water with which to ,irrigate their
unusually hot fields. Soviet and
American scientists know itrand
are studying changes Ii climate with
q view to forecasting the course OF
history.
The current climate change, &C.
cording TO the Swedish scientist.
Otto Peterson, seems to be based
on q cycle 1900 years long. In other
words, over the period of 10 CEN
turtles the world warns up, grows
colder and then becomes warm again.
Within the big cycle are smaller
ones to compIicate matters and
sometimes these little cycles In
tensify the big one and at other
times tend to cancel It out. Al COM
plicated set Of astronomical circum-
stances seems to lie behind. the
1 .6OO-year cycle.
Fruit Trees in GreenIond
"A half 3 cycle ago around the
year 1000 -the climate In the far
North must have been pretty favor
able. NOrsemen were farming IN
Greenland thousand years ago.
and old Morse documents speak Of
woods and fruit trees on that
presently icy island. The medieval.
vikings. Accomplished navigators.
made accurate astronomical obser-
vations Is far north Is Thule Iwhere
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11
Major Problems Posed BY Lone-Ronee Weather Changes

ing cod fishing that islands most
important industry. The ocean be-
tween Greenla id and the northern
end of Norway now yields 2 billion
pounds of cod a year--reputedly the
biggest catch of q single species in
the world.
Meanwhile. the timberline is
pushing farther and farther north.
The Arctic Institute of Catholic
University has found that just in
the last 20 years many temperate
zone plants have become established
in the subarctic regions.
And while these changes are oc-
curing in the far North, other
changes more alarming to the
large ma; 1rity Of humans are TAX
ing place in attitudes to the South.
American droughts OF the past sey-
eral years are familiar to all. Snow
lines in mountainous areas are re-
ceding and glaciers in these areas
have dropped, the amount and rate
Of water fioW has changed, and
hydroelectric power and irrigation
have been reduced. Notably af-
fected are the Rockies and the
Andes.
Long Term Results
What Is likely to be the long-term
result il these climatic changes last.
q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

and then the Job OF pushing the re-
sulting bill through Congress win
start. According to survey by
Congressional Quarterly. there is
interest in q new law in both House
and Senate.
In the House a revision bill by
Charles G. Oakman. Republican, of
Michigan, Is also waiting for the
new Congress.
Meanwhile registrations under
the existing act have been desultory
at best. Since the law has been
attacked in the courts many per-
sons and organizations active on the
Hill have failed to register or filed
incomplete reports.
They have been waiting for the
smoke surrounding the law to clear.
Now it looks like they can wait at
least for another year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

d strategic American airhase now
stands) but for many years his
torians simply did not believe the
records. Then some archaeological
discoveries near Thule forced them
to face the fact that Norsemen had
been there nearly millennium
before.
AT this period. too, Eskimos in
the far north of Canada made their
homes OF stone
Then the great cycle dipped into
its cold phase. The frost line moved
south, and the Morse settlements
disappeared. Canada's Eskimos
turned to q precarious life in the
land Of permanent or near-perrna-
nent Ice. and started building their
homes of snow blocks. Navigation
in far Northern Atlantic waters
ceased.
Cycle Rises Again
Now. apparently, the great cycle
is starting to rise again. This has
been going on for perhaps so years
very slowly at first. but now quite
rapidly. Where the chief feeding
ground Of Goldfish. before World War
I, was on the Grand Banks Of New
foundland, these fish have moved
into the waters on Greenland, max
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11
obby Law
Pressure Groups Relax
Amid Legal Confusion
BY Richard Fryklund

The recent Supreme Court decision
unfolding parts Of the lobby act
did anything but clear up the con-
fusion that has always surrounded
that law, The Senate Government
Operations Committee Is going ahead
with plans to rewrite the act in
more understandable language.
Most lawmakers believe 1t is geT,-
orally good idea for the Govern
ment to keep track of what lobby
lists are doing. That was the
reason for the original 1916 Lobby
Registration Act. It required lobby
lists to report their activities and
their spending in support or oppose
ton to legislation
But in writing such law Con-
gress must find q way Of keeping
lobbying in the open without in
fringing on every ones constitu-
.tional right to petition" Congress.
The Constitution says, Congress
shall make no law abridginR
freedom Of speech or Of the press:
or of the right Of the people peace
ably to assemble and to petition the
Government for redress OF grew
anceS."
Courts View
Courts have accepted Congress-
view that registration Of a lobbyist
does not curb his activities, but
merely makes them public. So the
principle of registration is not widely
contested.
The 1896 law was so poorly drawn.
however, there has always been
puzzle over the question, who, pre-
cisely, is lobbyist. and what actiy.
tiles must he report?
And there have been further oues-
tons in the mind Of students OF
government whether the penalty
against persons failing to register
properly does not in fact deprive
those persons of their right to "reti-
tion'a right held even by persons
in Jail.
The Supreme Court cleared up
some of the vague points. From now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

on no person is a lobbyist under thu
law unless he is engaged In direct
communication with members Of
Congress on pending or proposed
legislation I" Previously, indirect
pressure on Congress had been con-
sidered subject to the lobby act.
No Rule on Penalty
The court did not rule on the
penalty clause, which bars a vio-
lator of the. act from lobbing for
three years. Nor did the court clear
up problems Of administration OF
the law. For instance, must per-
son register with both houses Of
Congress? What information is to
be given. and in what form? Who
is to enforce the law? How?
A new law clearing up these and
other questions is under prepara-
ton in the Senate Government OPP
perations Committee. Helped by a
special Library of Congress group.
the committee staff has outlined a
proposed bill. Committee members
VIII uiSCuSS tllS lUcdS A1u WTICe p
formal bill before adjournment of
Congress, expected at the end of
this month.
The Two Republican committee
members most interested in lobby
act are Margaret Chase Smith Of
Maine, and Everett M. Dirksen' Of
Illinois. They are likely to emerge
as the formal signers Of the bill.
Fight Next Year
Interested groups will study the
bill and prepare criticism and Sug-
gestions.
The big fight over a lobby Law
is expected to come next year. Pub
lie hearings probably will be held,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

Campaign Strategy Of Eoch Is Eusy 10 Discern; /
Odds Are Heuy Thut Few Holds Will Be Barred
By Jock Jonas

The Democrats and Republicans uarng away
year election battle and that this viii
Of the btteret in years.
present there 2is Republicans
pendent In the House. The Senate Republicans
Gratis and independent 4S Representatives Of
whose terms expre In
are TO be hled Those presently Democrats
Republicans.
How the respective parties will Demo-
Gratis try to take control the Republicans
margins is told in the two stories
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

Whatever you may think about
the weather, the world is in the
grip Of a great climatic change that
may alter the course of civilization
over the next few hundred years.
This has happened before. and will
happen again. The important thing
to people alive today is that it is
happening non.
The Goldfish in the ocean know it
and find they can live farther
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

as expected, for several hundred
years? For one thing. there win
be shift of population north to-
ward the Arctic (there can be no
corresponding shift south toward
the Antarctic because no great land
masses exist in corresponding
Southern attitudes.
For another, sea navigation win
become easier due to decrease in
icebergs and floes. The Soviet Union
already has found that a Far North
sea route talong the rim of the
Eurasian continent) is feasible at
least part Of the year. AS recently
as the 18th century, it was practical
" impossible to navigate that
stretch Of ice-locked ocean.
Another significant change will be
the northward push Of agriculture.
The region north of the Goth par
allel contains q substantial part Of
the worlds natural resources. in
GLIDING land. Up to now little or
nothing has been done with the
region because its climate has been
too rigorous to sustain q civilization.
But just one segment Of this area
the Northwest Territories Of Cam
ada contains q million and q quar-
ter square miles Of land, or about
a per cent Of the total area OF the
United States. UndeveIoped Alaska
exceeds half million square miles
IN area.
Who VIII Benefit?
A movement Of the balance OF
power economic powers few de-
grees north Of its present center
would. Of course, benefit the Soviet
Union ct the expense Of the United
States. But this does not neces-
sarily mean that nature Is going to
help the Reds win the cold war, be-
cause the same shift would spur
DEVELOPMENT Of our Canadian ally.
The problem for future genera.
tons IN what is now the free world
is to understand what II happening
and deal with It in the light of
scientific knowledge. Planning. for
the future is feasible now. Just
because cold weather defeated the
Vikings In the North. it does not
follow that hot weather will defeat
our civilization ID the South.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-11

Dr.. Frederiksen. research associate Of the
Arctic Institute Of the Catholic University
Of America, IS GtsenlCnd-born Dane
who spent nany years in the far North.
He IS now an American citizen.
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19
Special Election
For School Bonds
Due Here March 9Th

CONTINUED from first page)
ford Special School District shall
be entitled to vote, by ballot. for
or against the proposal of the Mil
ford Board of Education to issue
bonds on the faith and credit of
the Milford Special School District
in an aggregate principal amount
of $52,OO00O.
The Milford Board is pleased to
announce that there will be no in
crease in the present rate of taxa
ton to cover this issue. It has
been the policy of the Milford
Board of Education to gradually
reduce the taxation rate as the
amount of the districts indebted
ness is lowered. In lieu of lower
ing the present tax rate for the fis-
cal year beginning July 1st, 1854
IN the amount of four cents. that
amount would be sufficient to re-
tire the proposed $52,OOO.OO bond
issue.
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19
Milford VFW Post
Soon Nine Years Old
Continued from first page)

'COhIlnued from FIRST page)
day. While a large majority of the
original 176 charter members still
hold membership in the local post.
many of these, because of various
other outside activities, have not
mad active roles in recent wears :
II is these members that Comdr.
Quering would especially like to
see present Tuesday evening so
they may become better acquainted
with some of the other local vet
Grams who have affiliated with the
post in more recent years.
A large turnout is also desiy ed
in order that the majority of the
nearly 400 Blue Hen Post mem
bers can be briefed on present
plans for improvement of Post
Home facilities and for 1854 Y. F.
w. activities. According to the
V, F. w. commander, informally
will be the order of the evening
with ample opportunity for omen
discussion. Entertainment and
free eats" are also on the Tues
day evenings "agenda".
Plans for the reunion" are be-
ing completed by a committee con-
slsting of Major SOckrider, John
kniceley, Paul Duphily and Comdr.
Quering.
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19
DeLGIUGTe 4-H'ers
Planning For National
CONTINUED from nrst pagej

CONTINUED from nrst page)
plains. This week calls attention
OF the public to the opportunities
offered to rural young people
through All work.
Delaware's y clubs carry on
active, weu-rounded programs. In
addition to projects in agriculture
and home economics, they gain ex-
perience in group recreation and
leadership, community improve
ment and citizenship. They also
study farm and home safety, mon
ey management, health and person
atty improvement, home nursing
and first aid, conservation of ma
tural resources and a number of
other topics.
Membership in All clubs is omen
to boys and girls from 10 to 81
years of age. Any young person
interested in joining a An club
should talk to a member or local
leader. County club agents in New
ark, Dover and Georgetown can tell
how to go about organizing a new
club.
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19
ROXANA
by Mrs. Alice Lockwood
Phone SellyVl1le 1905

/ Last Sunday morning at the ROx-
ana Methodist Church the attend
ance was 40 and the collection.
$25.59. The Ladies' Aid will meet
at the Community House on Thurs
day evening, February 25. All
members are urged to be present.
A surprise party was given on
Thursday evening, February II, for
Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar Bennett. in
honor of their 10th wedding ami
versary. The party was given bv
their sOn-in-law and daughter. Mr..
and Mrs. Hugh Stephens, and also
their son, Edgar c. Bennett at the
home of the Stephens. The guests
were members of the family, Mr..
and Mrs. Isaac Bennett of Ocean
View, Mr.. and Mrs. Ward Bennett
of Millville, Mr.. and Mrs. Cove
Bennett, Mr.. and Mrs. Wilmer s.
Evans, Mr.. and Mrs. Francis Fur
man, Mr.. and Mrs. Vance McCabe
and daughter Sandra, Mr.. and Mrs.
Vollie Lynch and daughter, Mary
Jane, Mr.. and Mrs. Ronald Lynch
and daughter Sherrie, all of here.
Ice cream and cake were served
and Mr.. and Mrs. Bennett received
many nice gifts.
Mr.. and Mrs. Bright Richards had
as their all day guest on Wednes-
day, Mrs. Matte McCabe on the
FrankfOrd-ROxana Road.
Mrs. Florence Evans caIIare ~,
Saturday evening were Mr.. and
Mrs. Allie Stephens of Bayard, Mr..
and Mrs. Vance McCabe of here.
Sunday callers were Mr.. and Mrs.
Dale Scarborough of Milford.
Mrs. Addie Lynch has been
spending a few days with Mr.. and
Mrs. Leslie Ellwanger and family
at Georgetown.
Cordy Murray has returned
home from the Peninsula General
Hospital in Salisbury, Md. Mrs.
Harry S. Daisey fell last week and
fractured her ankle. She is con-
fined to her bed with her leg in a
cast. Also, Mrs. Horace Lynch, Jr..
has three of her toes broken. her
foot and leg is in a cast. We wish
them all a speedy recovery.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Brasure
and daughter, Mrs. Louise Lynch of
Selbyville had as their dinner
guests last Friday, Mr. and Mrs.
Clarence Nelson and son Alfred Of
BishOpville, Miss Alice Lockwood
and Vaughan Lynch of here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel LeKites had
as their dinner guests on Wednes-
day. Rev. and Mrs. Harvey o.
Hufnal and son Harvey, Jr., of
RehObOth.
Mrs. Willie Daisey is i'll at her
home here. Her relatives and
friends visited her Sunday. Frank
Derickson is receiving treatment
in hospital. We wish them both
a speedy recovery.
Mrs. Addie Murray is spendine
this week with her grandson,
Charles Murray, and wife, and new
great-gTandson, who with his mo-
Their arrived home from the hospi-
tai last Friday.
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19
State Spent S26,I89,834
On Schools
CONTINUED iron, urst page)

NCoullnueo from flFsC pagel
charges, $125,O39.7O or .O48 per
cent, for the total current expen-
ses, which amounted to S14.923.-
5O5.1O or 56.98 per cent. Added to
this are: Capital outlay, $1O,378,-
6O9.26 or 1858 per cent, and debt
service, $8S7,710.42 or S.39 per
cent.
The financial picture also shows
an increase in the average salaries
OF school teachers from S2.834 in
1948-49 to $4,113 in 1952-53-a span
OF time during which the number
of instructors increased from 1851
TO 2,l58. However, there is a nOta-
ton on these figures given by
Howard E. Row, executive secre-
tary of the Delaware State Educa-
ton Association as follows:
1T should be noted that these
figures are averages. An average is
always subject to the effect of ex-
tremes. For the period 1928 three
Other averages were: Wilmington
$4,576; special school districts, s4.-
OBS, and State Board Unit, $3,887.
These averages are affected
also by the fact that, during the
period 1928, 81 per cent of the
teachers in special and State
Board districts were serving in or
beyond the tenth year; 84.6 per
cent of the teachers presented at
least four years of preparation:
Il per cent presented training at
or beyond the masters degree
level. The quality of training and
experience presented seems to ex-
coed the averages for salary paid. ."
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19
LOVES x ROADS

Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Messick of
Georgetown were recent dinner
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Herman
Harrison.
Mrs. Annie King spent few DAYS
with Mr.. and Mrs. George Emer-
son and family at Dagsboro last
weekend.
aaron T1mmOns, who has been a
patient in the Beebe Hospital for
several weeks, has been removed
to the Colonial Nursing Home in
pelmar.
Mrs. Anna Derrickson of Ocean
View, spent a few days with her
blcther, Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Smith.
Their guest this week is Mrs.
Smiths sister, Mrs. MinOla Tim
mons of Claiborne, Md.
Paul Baker of the Navy, sta
toned at Norfolk, Va, and his f.
ance, Miss Norma Miller. of Balti-
more, spent the weekend with
Paul's mother, Mrs. Ray Jones and
family Miss Arlene Brasure of
Salisbury was a dinner guest on
Sunday.
Mrs. Virdie West, Mrs. Margie
Lynch and Mrs. Bessie Hastings of
Gumboro entertained the Home
Demonstration Club last Thursday
at the home of Mrs. West. A cover
ed dish luncheon was served. At
ter the business meeting, Mrs. Nan
.cy Shelton, HDA, had charge of
the demonstration which was basic
steps in slip coverings.
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19
Complete Plans For
Basketball Tourney
CONTINUED from first page)


This years event is expected to
attract all the top teams with all
leagues being represented. Last
year 16 teams participated with
the powerful ROcco's quintet COP
ping the hOnOrs. Smyrna won the
first tournament honOrs back in
l948. Denton Bobcats reigned for
the next three years, followed by
New Castle Air Force quintet. The
tournament attracts crowds prac-
t1cally every night and has proven
highly successful.
| In the interest of having only
organized teams compete there
nave been changes in the tOurna-
ment rules for the 1854 event ONLY
league, service, to include National
Guard, and YMCA teams have been
invited to the tournament. League
teams will be permitted to use
only players who are eligible to
represent them in the circuit in
which they participate. AS long as
the player is on the teams APPROX
ed league roster he is eligible Whe-
Their he has played or not. AS for
service teams, which includes Ma
tional Guard, their players must be
a member of the service which thew
represent. YMCA teams will be
permitted to play any player who
is member of the YMCA which
they represent. 1t is the feeling
that all YMCA members can reDre-
sent their organization in all af-
fairs if they are members.
1t is planned to play the first
rounds on Saturday, March 6, Tues
day, March 3, and Thursday, March
IL. Quarter finals will be staged
on March IL, the semi-hnals March
~ and the finals on closing night,
March q. Two approved Officials
will be assigned to work each game
and officials will work only one
game each night. Practice of using
officials from the lower Delaware
and Wilmington Association will
be continued this year.
Elaborate trophies will be award
ed to the champions, runners-up
and the consolation game winner.
Individual trophies will go to the
tournament high scorer, single
game high scorer, and each of the
members of the All Tournament
Team, as well as one to the win
ming and runners-up coach. Four
teams that reach the semi-finaIs
will be given 40 per cent OF the
gross receipts for expenses. Teams
that reach the semi-finals have to
make several trips to Dover. The
40 per cent for expenses is divided
equally among the four semi-final-
lists.
Invitations will go in the mails
this week and the deadline for en-
try will be Thursday, February Is.
All entries pOst-marked after mid
night of that date will not be ac-
cepted. Teams pay a $1,000 en-
trance fee. All expenses for the
floor, officials and trophies are paid
by the Dover YMCA from their 60
per cent of the gross gate.
Teams who may not receive an
entry blank are requested to con-
tact Pat Knight, Dover 1888 or Do
yer YMCA Officer, Dover 1859.
Milford chronicle., 1954-02-19

By Mrs. John 8. Noble
Phone Dickinson 9O0
MiIlyiIle Methodist Church

MillVille Methodist Church
Services for Sunday, February
81:
Sunday School at 10 a. m. Ro-
land j. West, superintendent.
Worship Service at IL a. m. Rev.
w. Stanley Grant, pastor.
MYF will meet at $50 D. m.
Prayer meeting Wednesday eve
ming at 1880 o'clock.
Rev. and Mrs. w. Stanley Grant
were dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Edward Short on Sunday.
Mrs. Harriet McClung. Mrs
Pearl Evans and Mrs. Edna Me-
Laughlin are spending two weeks
in Florida.
Mrs. James Dukes and son
Franklin of Georgetown were the
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Robert VIII
ley on Sunday.
Miss Frances McCabe and three
friends OK Washington, d. c., were
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Amos Nc
Cabe over the weekend.
Monroe CULLEN has returned
nome after a very pleasant trip to
Florida.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Dukes are
spending some time in st. Peters
burg, Florida.
Mr.. and Mrs. Handy CULLEN were
guests of Mrs. Hattie CULLEN on
Friday.
Mrs. Atlanta Simpler was a din
ner guest of Mr.. and Mrs. II. r
Johnson on Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Claude Reed of
ChincOteague, Va, are the proud
parents of a baby boy. Mrs. Reed
is the granddaughter of Mrs. Ar
lanta Simpler.