davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

is essentially unjust and there
fore must be replaced, IN the
name of strict communicative JUS
tice. by compulsory co-manage-
ment or co-determlnation. On
the contrary, we continued, Amer
lean Catholic social scientists
are almost completely indifferent
TO co-determination in the gen
orally accepted sense OF the
word.
Inasmuch as these statements
have resulted in certain amount
OF misunderstanding, We find 1t
necessary in the present column
10 explain our position In some
what greater detail. II is our
hope that this can be done with
out giving offense in any way to
those who may happen to dis
agree with us.
When we say that American
Catholics are orthodox on the
subject of co-determination or
co-management. we mean that
they follow the teaching OF the
encyclical QuddrdgeSinlo Ammo
as elaborated upon rather fre-
uuently in recent years by the
present Holy Father and by other
official spokesmen for the Holy
See. Marxist socialism on the
one hand. teaches that the wage
contract in the modern system
of capitalistic enterprise is es-
sentially unjust, consequently
compulsory co-determlnatIon OF
co-management is requirement.
of the natural law or communa-
tive justice. Quadrageslmo Ammo
on the other hand, denies this
heresy. The wage contract, ac-
cording to QuddrdgeStmo Ammo,
is not essentially unjust, conse-
auently co-determination or CO
management. however desirable
for other reasons. is not re
ouirement of the natural law or
communicative justice.
Position Rsxfsfed
Monsignor Montini, Vatican
Pro-Secretary of State, in a let
ter restates the position Of the
Holy See on the subject of co
management. His letter can be
summarized as follows:
Workers have no natural r1ght
to co-management. They may,
however, through legitimate
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14
Charity VS.. Obsession

As for the division of the Church into Church
of Charity" as opposed to Church of the Hier-
archy the latter only being concerned in the con-
demnaton of Communists while the former accepts
them, this is old pseudo-spiritual view usually
adopted by restless and rebellious who do not
wish to submit to law TO recognize the Hierarchy
A little humility even realism, would save
these people from kind of exaltaton and obsession
which makes them so Jealous, reckless, and AFRO
CANT.
A little of real charity of the kind which ST.
Paul recommends would give them more real SEN
sus ecclesiae and would not allow them to lay hands
on the unit of the fold of Christ.
But fortunately these people are not numerous,
and the faithful know what to think of their atti-
tudes and how to discover their incongruity and
often hypocrisy.
But the call to true charity is needed which i'm
poses upon all supreme necessity of spiritual at
titude and practical conduct marked by Justice,
humility and unity.
The London Tabiet, March 20.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14
WASHtNCTON LETTER
Red China In For Ne1U Appraisal

goal, which is the classless So
ciety for the world. We must first
go through the initial stages"
The two interviews are partic-
ularly significant today because
they give some hint of how quick
ly the communists, particularly
Chou En-lai. can shift ground at
the conference table.
Father 0'Connor'S first inter
view was at the time Gen. George
c. Marshall attempted to bring
the Chinese communists and ma
tionalists together to form
coalition government solution
that is now being considered for
mdo-China. AT that time Chou
told Father 0'Connor that the
communists would be satisfied
with one-fourth of the 40 seats of
the proposed "state council" In
coalition government Of
course they intended TO hold on
TO their army, he said.
Four months later-when there
seemed a chance that Chang
Kai-shek under American pres
sure might agree to these Red
demands-Chou upped the Com
munist claims. He then told Fa-
ther O'Connor that the Reds
would not settle for less than a
third of the seats in a coalition
government. Chou declared that
the proposed coalition govern
ment should be one-third Kuom-
intang and one-third of minor
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14
Inquiry Corner
Father He0Iey-

Q. What sins do zoe hare to
tell in confession? What If ne
can't remember any sins since
our last confession?
A. We must tell at least all our
mortal sins, and We should tell
all venial sins. Since we want to
receive all the graces possible it
should be our intention to APP
proach the Sacrament in all hui
mility and honesty 1t is to our
advantage to tell every sin and
even imperfections that We can
remember. submitting ourselves
to Gods mercy and asking His
help. In the Sacrament too we
should look for advice and at
least occasionally we should seek
counsel about ways of advancing
in the spiritual life. The Sacra-
ment is means of grace not
merely a "Sin-remover." In the
same spirit Of humility and self
examination we should mention
sins in our past life if we can
remember none committed since
our last confession.
Q. Is there any ercaSe for not
returning things obtained 1til-
Justly e.g. small things picked up
al t0ork, which other 1DorkerS
are picking up too? Hon. loould
person 90 about making reSti-
tuition if he no longer works IN
that place?
A. The fact that other people
unjuStly take things or the fact
that they are small does not ex-
cuse a person. No matter how
large the corporation or how
small the object, Gods law re-
quires us to respect the proper
ty of others and to restore it
when we have taken it unjustly,
Sometimes we might be excused
from making restitution when
the object is small and ii is prac-
tically impossible to return it. If
a man no longer works at the
plant and restitution would be
too difficult and out of proper
ton to the value of the object or
objects he would be excused.
Even then conscientious Cath
olic could restore the goods If he
could prudently do so through
the mail or through someone still
working there. In particular ques-
tions about restitution we should
ask the priest in confession.
Q. Is there any indulgence to
be gained for serving Mass? Is
there aug for the prayers after
Low Mass?
A. There is an indulgence of
three years for serving the priest
at Mass. For all who join in the
prayers after Low Mass there is
an indulgence of ten years for
the prayers including that adj
dressed to Michael the Arch
angel and seven years for the
threefold ejaculation in honor of
the Sacred Heart.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14
LOUIS r. BUDEAZ
Our Great Sin Of Omission

independent political organiza-
tions and candidates.
These "anti-monopoly forces
include above all the Commun-
lists, according to Bittelman, who
have "a vital and indispensable
contribution to make"
The Challenge
No directive could be given
in more Succint or specific form.
The concealed Communists are to
work energetically within the
two political parties, passing
themselves off as genuine Demo
Gratis or Republicans. with view
to defeating every "McCarthyite
McCarranite" candidate. And
by that term, we know by now,
MoScow's henchmen mean any
political figure ,oho recognizes
that Communism threatens the
United States.
A challenge has thus been
thrown down TO patriotic politi-
cal leaders, a forewarning that
the Communists intend to dom
mate the coming Congressional
elections. This calls for alert
ness against all Communist i'm
fluenceS. which can easily be
detected when arguments for
peaceful coexistence, for big
Power negotions" and ''recogni-
ton of Red China" are raised.
Every man engaged in Ameri-
can political life should study
the Bittelman orders in order to
know what he is up against.
Sin of Omission
The great sin of the secular
press, television. radio. and even
much of the educational process
in this crisis, is the sin of omis-
sion. In too few places is there
any critical and scientific study
of Communism. Unless this
condition is remedied very soon.
the Soviet fifth column will con-
tinue to place this country in
peril. You cannot successfully
fight a foe unless YOU know his
objectives and his methods.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14
" 4SHINCTON LETTER

WASHINGTON - Washington
and other capitals of the free
world are taking a new and APP
praising look at a smiling, af-
fable and highly confident man
with whom they may have to deal
increasingly on the subject of
peace in Asia and. consequently,
peace in The whole world.
The Geneva conference has
caused the free world to focus its
sights on the man there who
claims to speak for the half a
billion people in China, numer-
ically the largest country in the
world. He is the Chinese com
muniSt Premier and Foreign
Minister. Chou En-lai.
To get a better focus on this en-
ergetic and concededly artful
diplomat, If might be we'll to look
at him through two interviews
with him that appeared in the
American Catholic press shortly
after World War II, when large
segments Of the free world still
considered him only leader IN
an "agrarian reform" movement.
Chou was interviewed by Fa.
ther Patrick O'Conner, Columbian
priest serving as the Far Eastern
correspondent of the N.CW.C.
News Service.
Chou told Father O'Connol
bluntly at the time: I'VE follow
the theology of Marx. Our pres
ent policy is not our ultimate
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

@. Whdt IS the meaning of the
bishops staff and the ceremonial
robes?
A. As with the vestments the
priest wears at Mass they have
an ancient origin. generally in
commonly worn dress of early
Christian times. The buskins and
sandals which the bishop wears
on ceremonies come from an
cient Rome. The pectoral cross
worn on an ornamented cord
around the neck. is derived from
the "Enkolpia" worn by the early
Christians as a reminder of the
Sacrifice of the martyrs and the
power of the cross. The dalmatic
and tunic are also derived from
the Roman dress and later be-
came the vestments of deacon
and subdeacon. Wearing them in
dicates the fullness of the priest
hood vested in the bishop. The
mitre has two peaks representing
love of God and love of neigh
Dor, the whole signifying the
helmet of salvation. The crosier
is the staff of apostolic authority,
the sh aft representing the
strength of the shepherd and the
bent top his care of the flock.
@. A Protestant friend of mine
is puzzLed because the priest said
that t1hen she comes INTO the
Church she Uiu be rebdptized.
Don't t1e recognize Protestant
bnptiSnS?
A. You should assure her that
she should have no fear of ask
ing such questions when she
talks with the priest giving her
instructions. The general prac-
tice of "rebaptizing" those who
enter the Church rises from the
teaching of Christ regarding the
Importance of Baptism. Early in
the Church il was decided that
hereticS can baptize validly. In
fact anyone who fulfills the nec-
essary conditions and has the
right intention baptizes validly.
If, for example, the Catholic son
of Protestant man who has just
died were to inquire anxiouslv
about his fathers baptism We
would likely assure him that he
should not worry. Orthodox Pro-
testants who carefully observe
the proper ceremonies of Bap-
tism truly confer the Sacrament.
In admitting someone to the
Church. however, we are in
position to make sure, so as
general rule even baptized
Protestant will be baptized con-
ditionaIly. There can be no real
"re-baptizing" for it can be given
only once.
Send questions to Father Ed
ward F. Healey, The Inquiry Cor
ner, The Catholic Times. Box
$50. Columbus d0 Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

ity parties And then he added
this joker. The Kuomintang party
would not necessarily be that
headed by Chang Kai-Shek, he
said, but a different party recog-
nized in the then Red capital of
Yenan.
What would be the place of
religion in your elassleSs com
munist State?" Father O'Connor
asked.
In the final stage of Marxist
society" Chou replied philoso-
phicaIly. Il expect that science
will have solved all questions.
and this will automatically dis
pose of religion. Thereafter re-
ligious ideas will be matters for
artists. or to be treated as.mere-
ly imaginary subjects for fam
taSy.
I'VE are materialists in the
sense that we do not believe in
a soul distinct from the material
body. After death there is moth
ingness. We believe in the law
of nature"
But not in the law-Maker?"
Father O'Connor interiected.
The willy Chou sensed himself
being led to trap by the logic
of the question. He laughed loud
ly and cordially. He skirted the
question by protesting with
smile that he did not want TO
go into a philosophical discus.
sion.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14
MONSICNOR HIGGINS
CO-Managenlent

meanS-among which, presuna-
ably, collective bargaining is one
seek it is an ideal. In the past
such voluntary agreements grant
ing workers a share in manage
ment have been productive, as
Plus Xi noted. of no small gain
for both wage earners and em-
ployers. Finally, where the COM
mon good indicates the need, the
state may legitimately provide
that in certain enterprises the
workers be given voice in pol
icy-making.
So much for the bare bones of
the Catholic position on compul.
sorry co-determination.
If co-determination or CONAN
agement is not required by the
natural law or communicative JUS
tice, il may, however, be requir-
ed under certain circumstances
by the virtue of social justice.
Among those who have defended
this conclusion are the we'll
known German scholar, Father
Oswald Won Nell Breuning; Cam
on Brys, General Chaplain of the
Christian labor movement in Bel
gium, and the late Cardinal Su.
hard of Paris.
Serious Accusation
To leave the impression that
certain anonymous American Ca
tholics do not subscribe to this
fundamental Catholic teaching
is to accuse them, in effect, of
subscribing to Marxist socialism.
In our opinion, as we indicated
in our earlier column, this accuss-
ton is far too serious to be al-
lowed to go unchallenged.
The fact of the matter is that
American Catholic proponents of
the Industry Council Plan do not
say that the wage contract Is es-
sentially unjust. Nor do they say
that economic co-determination
or co-management--in the sense
in which the term is understood
in the encyclieals-is required by
the natural law or communicative
Justice. The current opinion of
the majority of those who are
in favor of the Industry Council
Plan is that labor does not have
the right to participate in purely
ece..omic decisions at the local
level. Ownership OF management
may grant participation in these
matters to labor, but labor cam
not legitimately claim it as a nat
ural right in commutative JUS
tice.
Orthodox Interpretation
On the regional and national
levels, however. there is a diff
ference. The majority of inter-
prefers of the Industry Council
Plan at the present time prob
ably believe that workers have a
right to representation on the
regional and national councils
where general economic policy
is discussed and decided.
This, it seems to us, is per-
fectly orthodox Interpretation OF
Catholic social teaching.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

scientists are
completely or
thodox on the
subject of &c
onomic code
termination or
m a n a & E.
ment There is
not a single
practicing Ca
tholic in the
United States,
we stated, who
holds that the
wage contract
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

able warning
TO Americans,
which the daily
press on the
whole treated
in the scantiest
fashion II s
m ain theme
was that any
group or indivi-
d ual seeking
10 prob e or
halt the Red
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

Speaking before the Daughters
of the American Revolution on
April %, Director j. Edgar
Hoover OF the FBI gave a Valu-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

to my moral life AS member of the Legion
OF Decency, I pledge myself to remain away
from them. | promise. further, to stay away
altogether from places of amusement. which
show them as a matter of policy"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-05-14

In the copy of this column for
release the second week in Feb
ruary, we expressed the opin-
ion that American Catholic social
Evening star., 1954-12-17

Fhe Hecht Co., Stationery Street Floor, Washington,
Slver Spring and PARKngton
Evening star., 1954-12-17
u. 5. viii 0uadrupIe
Payments fol panailld
For Use Of Canal
BY jones :E Roper

The United States has agreed
to quadrupie its payments to the
Republic Of Panama for the use
Of the Panama Canal. 1t was
learned today.
The United States viii make
this and other concessions in q
revised treaty to- be- signed soon
by the United States and
Panama. s.
The treaty VIII pledge the
United States to- pay Panama
81 $50, 900 a year forscanal rights.
Since 1888, the United States
has paid $430, 900 b. year.
The Panamanian government,
with considerable public backing.
has been demanding larger pay
ments-up to S. million per year.
The American payments have
not been changed. except to
compensate for the devaluation
of the dollar, since the United
States originally obtained con-
troll of the Canal Zone in 1903.
Equal Pay Urged.
The United States also has
agreed to recommend that the
United States Congress provide
that Panamanialls and Ameri-
cans doing identical work for
the canal be paid identical
wages. Americans in the Canal
Zone now draw pay far higher
than Panamanians; doing the
same work.
The treaty also win call for
the United States to:
l. Return to the Republic
about $25 millions worth of land
which formerly was used for
Canal Zone operations.
2. Waive the :ssBHy America"
act on supplies which the Canal
Zone administration buys for its
own operations. 5Ir
For Stronger Economy.
In the past, a. Panamanian
manufacturer wanting to sell, to
the Canal Zone had to bid Is. per
cent below a United States, man
ufacturer in order I to get the
bid. After the new treaty is
signed, a Panamanian can sell
Panamanian-produced supplies
to the canal by simply underbid-
Evening star., 1954-12-17

Canal Zone. or from cash spent
by Americans in the zone.
Another big income item for
Panama is the money spent by
sailors when their ships stop at
Panamanian ports. Since World
War II and the Korean war.
however, this trade has been
falling off. and the traditionally-
notorious. nightspots at either
end. of the canal have approached
the point of being unprofitably
respectable. .- .-. 49,
Evening star., 1954-12-17

work within their own civic or
ganizations were Mrs. Edith p.
Thomas of the Eastland Gar
dens Civic Association, Mrs. Min
ME L. Wright of the Blooming
dale Civic Association and
Charles w. Williams of the
Public Interest Civic Associa-
ton, DR.. C. Herbert Marshall,
president of the federation. di-
rected the program.
Evening star., 1954-12-17

ding the Omitted States pro-
ducers. .y
The new treaty is designed to
bolster the economy Of Panama.
The United States has a vital
interest in maintaining stable.
healthy and prosperous popula-
tion in the area adjacent to. one
of the United States greatest
military assets. -a
Already. the United States
spends vast ssums on public
health to, make sure that no
mosquito or fly lives in the area
of the Canal Zone, a 10-nile-.
wide strip running through Pam.
anna from the Pacif1ce to the.
Atlantic Oceans.
Ordinarily about one-thirdso
the Panamanian national in,
come comes from the wages of
Panamanians working, in the.
Evening star., 1954-12-17
Star Stan Photo.

any one prowling around the
mine. It was his first guard
duty since a mine ventilator was
broken by an intruder last week.
Authorities said that young
,Ritchie was being held in Nc
Dowell County jail on a charge
of murder. ri
Evening star., 1954-12-17
Mistaken for ProwIer,
Mother Is Killed by Son
By tho Assoeiated Pres.

WAR. w. Va, Dec, ia
youth who was guarding a mine
against prowlers fred his shot
gun when some one suddenly
opened the door of a shanty he
was in.
Authorities said the boy. IT.
year-old Raymond Ritchie.
found out moments later he had
killed his mother, Mrs. Oscar
Bolen.
She had come to the mine to
bring her son coffee. The grief
stricken youth told police he
had been instructed to shoot at
Evening star., 1954-12-17
IsroeI Roll Proqrum

Stressing development of rail
transportation above other types,
Israel has set aside $40 million
in its 1954-5 budget for this
purpose. Four diesel electric To-
comotives have just been ordered
in the United States, /. Tel Aviv
reports.
Evening star., 1954-12-17
star stan Photo.

by denying her, charges OF
cruelty.
Mrs. Greta Peck, AZ. filedrsuit
against her husband last Tues
day. She said she and Mr.. Peck
had been estranged since JAM
uary Is. 1858. They were married
in 1912. Mr.. Peck answered her
divorce complaint yesterday.
Mrs. Peck said a financial
agreement already has been
signed. She seeks custody of their
three sons.
Evening star., 1954-12-17
Star Trophy Given
To Midway Group for
Civic Achievements

The full cooperation Of the
laity is needed in the fight
against juvenile delinquency,
Judge Walter M. Bastian. of the
U. s. Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia, emphasized
last night.
He was principal speaker at
the annual dinner Of the Fed
Grafton OF Civic Associations
during which The Star Trophy
for distinguished civic achieve
ment was presented to the Mid
way Civic Association. The din
ner, attended by several hundred
persons, was held in the Terrace
Room of Washington National
Airport.
Judge Bastian first pointed out
that civic progress does not come
from those "who dedicate their
function and remain aloof from
public business"
Play Significant Role.
Unofficial organizations (such
as civic groups) are significant
instrument in implementing cit
liens action" he said. They are
an indigenous and necessary
part of American political and
cultural life, both nationally and
locally"
Judge Bastian said such groups
can aid in battling juvenile de-
linquency, mot in the way Of
Furnishing the delinquent, but
in preventing the tragedy before
1t can happen, removing the
causes, and seeing that each and
every child has fair chance to
make good"
Achievements Recited.
In presenting The Star trophy
to Dutton Ferguson, president Of
the Midway group, Howard P.
Bailey, assistant to the manag-
ing editor of The Star. told how
Midway won it. for successful
cleanup campaign" in it's area,
for it's youth activities and other
achievements.
Frank D. Mckinney, of the
East Central Civic Association,
was awarded the trophy Of the
District branch of the National
Association for the Advancement
Of Colored People, presented by
Eugene Davidson.
Also honored, with plaques, for
Evening star., 1954-12-17

Accru Ronors Two

Miss Catherine Mason and
the Rev Ernest Sawyer have re-
ceived in Accra the Royal Afri-
can Society'S Bronze Medal for
missionary service to Africa's
Gold Coast.
Evening star., 1954-12-17
Gregory Peck Denies
Wife's Cruelty Charge

BY the Assoeiotsd Press
LOS ANGELES, Dec. II. -
Actor Gregory Peck. 80, has
answered his wife's divorce suit
Milford chronicle., 1954-04-09

WANTED - Representative needed.
1t isn't by accident that we are the
leader in our field. 1t is due to our
product and presentation. Due to our
expansion program, we are in further
need OF men, if you are willing to
not less than $3.50 per week, have a
good car and good references. We can
use you. Experience not necessary.
For further information please con-
tact +: L. Chase, White Cross Hospi-
tailzatlon Service, Bankers Life and
street Salisbury, Maryland.
Milford chronicle., 1954-04-09
MAIZE HELP WANTED

TO our expansion program we are in
need of a man to take complete charge
of our stock room. This is a perms-
nent position with paid vacation and
sick leave, hospital, medical insurance
and good retirement program. Ex-
perience not necessary as we will
train on the job. To qualify you must
have high school education and have
an aptitude for figures. For an inter-
view, write giving phone number and
previous employment record for the
last four years. Write Box 1O6, co Mil
ford Chronicle, Milford, Del.
P-91-4-9-2t