davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1954-09-23
The ChardOn Welcome
Wagon Club

'"SOA SASD
Well, hi, fellow members of
the Newcomers club. Did you
have a nice summer? Did you
miss one another and our meet
ings? Are you all ready to get
into the swing of tn / n 6 S I?
Shall we get down to business?
Okay, let's go. Our first fall
meeting will be the o u r t h
Thursday, September %, the
usual time, the usual place
800 pm at the Pilgrim Chris
tian educational building, 113
South st. There will be a warm
welcome waiting for all h e
"old' members of the N w
comerS' club and for all the
newest comerS who feel they'd
like to- join with us. Let's get
acquainted!
What's Gone On
Though club activity was cur
tailed during the u m m
months, it was not completely
suspended. On August 19, Mar
jorie Lauter called a ard
meeting. Holly Armstrong, Ma
rye Greek, Betsy Schrader,
Nancy Speck and Mari spent
that evening planning a sum-
mer get togethe r.
Nancy Speck sent out cute lit
tie announcements to newcom-
erS inviting them to come and
bring their families.
What Happened
The family picnic was held at
Corey's Farm on August %.
Each family brought it's own
table service and dish to
pass. While our ladies set the
tables and chatted, their men
pitchec horsehoeS, and their
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1954-09-23

kiddoes took advantage of the
sand pile and swings. At six
thirty they all sat down to
tables laden with delicious pic
mic fare. Considering no one
was told what to bring, t h e
menu was surprisingly varied
with just enough meat, salad
and dessert dishes to make for
a pleasing repast.
Those who attended wer e
Frank and Jayne Allen a n d
their children, Ross and Holly
Armstrong with theirs, Barbara
Finegan with her three, Flor
ence Gallentine, Doc and Mar
jorie Lauter, Clarice M g |,
Bob and Catherine Nugent,
Glenn and Polly Richter a n d
their small fry, Betsy Schrad-
er with her little ones, a n d
Carl and Nancy Speck.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1954-09-23
What's Up

What's Up
We're right in the groov e
once again, missing no oppor-
tunity for our project, the Op-
portunity School. Midge H o f.
fmeier, Mari Lauter, Pol y
Richter and Gerry Webber rep
resented our Newcomers club
at the Geauga county fair. The
Opportunity School furnished a
booth for our club and t h e
girls were busy selling Maple
Recipes. Our 50-cent booklet
containing recipes for different
ways of using maple syrup
proved to be quite popular a.
gain. However, we have more
copies for sale. If you're tired
of just plain maple syrup, try
our Maple Recipes" for new
ideas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-09
Natures Children
THE BERRYS
BEETLE BAILEY
THE TooDLES

American brown and black
bears have a method of commu-
nlcating with one another. They
tell the others of their where
abouts with a few deep scratches
on their favorite writing pad"
the quaking aspen.
Usually these trees are found
along paths used by bears. When
a bear leaves his message on the
aspen, it is visible for the life
of the tree. AS time goes on the
black sap fills the wounds made
by the sharp claws, bringing out
the mark wildly.
Should there be no quaking
aspens along the chosen trail, in
cenSe-cedar, ponderosa pine and
lodgepole pine are used. The
scratches are not so clear on
these trees, but nevertheless they
are not difficult to discover.
When a bear goes on a Jour-
ney. he frequently stops to stand
upright to get an idea of the
country over which he is travel
ing. All bears are nearsighted.
By standing erect they can get
a better idea of the terrain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-09
By LiIIion Cox Athey

; Reaching writing post" he
rises to full height on his hind
feet, then stretching his highest
he embraces the tree trunk with
one fore foot while using the
other to reach up and leave the
message. Sometimes, he will bite
chunks of bark from the tree.
Many theories have been adj
vanced concerning the writing"
Some insist that many bears
leave a mark to acquaint others
OF their presence. This message
is in the way of a musk spray on
rocks or tree stumps. This form
has been well known to natural
lists for years.
Bears have been observed
stopping to read the musk mes
Sages.
Wolves. coyotes and wild dogs
also write" or leave signs for
others on the trails.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-09
Answers to Our Presidents
1.-Andrew Jackson.

ANDREW Jackson.
2.-(a) Garfield, (b) Tyler
and (c) Jackson.
3.-He was elected first pres
ident of Congress after the
adoption of the Articles Of
Confederation in 1881.
Evening star., 1954-05-23

closed for the coming summer
vacation.
Evening star., 1954-05-23

More News in Review
AdditionoI news summaries will be
found On pass A-32 in this section.
Evening star., 1954-05-23

One question raised by the Su-
preme Courts decision against
school segregation Is whether inte-
grafton will help alleviate over
crowded conditions in District
schools. The answer seems to be
that in some situations it will mate
rally ease this diff1culty. and in
others it will not.
The four maps accompanying this
article illustrate the point. Local
population patterns. it appears, will
have a great deal more to do with
individual school problems than will
the segregated or bi-racial character
Of the schools.
The first map covers the area
Of worst crowding in the District
today-in the junior high schools of
the section Immediately south of the
Capitol. Under the present Segre-
gated setup, one school CRandalD is
given over to colored students, while
two schools Jefferson and Hine)
are for whites. Randall, with a
capacity of about $500, has about
1,750 students. Jefferson and Hine,
with an aggregate capacity about
equal to Randall'S, have approx
mately 1,100 students. When inte-
grated, the three schools will have
joint capacity Of approximately
5000 and total enrolment Of about
2.S50. There will. have to be some
Evening star., 1954-05-23

region. But in its official attitude
toward its chief minority, the area
has displayed a strong quality of
homogeneity. Over the years, off,
cial color bars have operated to
keep the races apart.
Segregated school systems have
long been a bulwark of this atti-
tude. Fifteen of the II States have
provisions in their constitutions
requiring separate education for
the races. The other two, Arkansas
and Maryland, practice segregation
as resultof legislative enactment.
The Districts school system is
grounded in congressional legis-
lation.
Evening star., 1954-05-23
The Reaction

Racial segregation in the South
is as much an emotional as a So
Geological phenomenon. It's demo-
ntion could be expected to have
profound effects. That fact con-
sidered, the sober reaction that
greeted the courts decision in
Dixie was remarkable.
There was disappointment, re-
sentiment, anger, to be sure. But
open defiance of the courts deci-
sion was at a minimum, centering
mainly in the State capitol at At
lanta, where Georgia's Gov. Her.
man Eugene Talmadge held forth
as the principal spokesman for
white supremacy. Most commu-
nifty leaders, however, Joined the
Evening star., 1954-05-23

longer of the two decisions COW
cred the State cases. Reviewing
the plaintiffs arguments, the court
concluded:
"In the field of public education
the doctrine of separate but equal
has no place. Therefore, we hold
that the plaintiffs and others SINH
larly situated for whom the actions
have been brought are, by reason
of the segregation complained OF,
deprived of the equal protection of
the laws guaranteed by the 18th
Amendment. This disposition
makes unnecessary any discussion
whether such segregation also
violates the due process clause of
the 18th Amendment"
In a shorter decision covering
the District of Columbia case, the
court took note of the fact that
the Fifth Amendment which is
applicable in the District of Co
lumbia, does not contain an equal
Evening star., 1954-05-23
The Decisions

The two decisions were handed
down last Monday, one in the four
State cases and the other in the
District case.
Reporters, who had been anx-
iously' awaiting the courts word
for several decision days." were
notified Monday that Chief Jus
tice Warren was about to begin
reading the school decisions. They
waited while he intoned the tri-
bunals findings, and then dashed
to telephones:
Segregation is dead! Court
unanimously rules against sepa-
rate schools!
Those were the flashes on which
newspaper and radio bulletins were
based. The details came later. The
Evening star., 1954-05-23
The Region

The area primarily affected by
the Supreme Court decision
stretches across an arc nearly
1000 miles long, from Wilmington,
Del, to Ell Paso, Tex. It encom-
passes II States and the District
of Columbia, with a 1850 popula-
ton of slightly over 81 million.
Some 10 million are Negroes.
The Negro concentration in the
area of compulsory segregation is
about twice as great as in the coun-
try as a whole. That is, the area
in 1850 contained about oile-third
of the Nations population and
two thirds of its Negroes.
There are vast differences be-
tween various parts of the South,
as far as racial complexion is con-
cerned. Roughly 10 per cent of
the 1881 counties in the area, for
instance, have populations that are
more than so per cent Negro. At
the other extreme are about Is
per cent of the counties whose
populations are less than per
cent colored.
It is a region of heavy industry
and small handicraft operations;
mechanical agriculture and sub
marginal farms; rich, prosperous
cities and small towns that are
chronically on the ragged edge Of
bankruptcy.
It Is, in short, a heterogeneous
Evening star., 1954-05-23

protection clause as does the 14th
Amendment which applies only
to the States"
But the court held that what
was sauce for the goose was sauce
for the gander:
"The concepts of equal protec-
ton and due process, both stem
ming from our American ideal of
fairness, are not mutually exclu-
sive. Discrimination may be so
unjustif1able as to be violative of
due process. Segregation in
public education is not reasonably
related to any proper govern
mental objective, and thus it i'm
poses on Negro children of the
District of Columbia burden that
constitutes an arbitrary depriva-
ton of their liberty in violation OF
the due process clause"
The only questions that re-
manned were: If segregation was to
be ended, when? and how? 1t
might have been done by some
such decree as, segregation is
out; integrate the schools tomor-
row morning." Such a precipitate
transition, however, could not
have done any one any good. The
court ordered, therefore, that the
litigants come back in October to
discuss the nature of a decree to
be issued on the mechanics of
integration. Attorneys general of
the segregation States we're invited
to participate in the arguments as
friends of the court.
Evening star., 1954-05-23

A LEGAL BATTLE that began
N in Boston 105 years ago
ended last Monday In the Supreme
Court Building on Capitol Hill.
There, nine justices acting unani-
mously handed down two decisions
that rang the death knell for legal
segregation of the races in public
schools. In so doing, the court de-
molished 58-year-old ruling that
held segregation to be a constitu-
tional .prerogative of the States
provided it was coupled with
equality.
Negro spokesmen long had con-
tended that the phrase separate
but equal" was contradictory, that
the very fact of separation made
equality impossible. But in earlier
court tests Of racial laws, Negroes
had attacked inequalities forbid
den by the famous PleSSy D. Fer
euson decision of 1896. This time,
attorneys for Negro compliments
were attacking PleSSy itself.
The question tackled by the
Supreme Court was regional one
concerning States rights in an
area where States rights is a
major article of faith. The de-
cision was met among whites in
the affected area by emotions vary
ing from disappointment to anger,
from quiet submission to outright
defiance.
But the fact remained that the
law of the land, as interpreted by
the highest tribunal, now held
racial segregation in the schools to
be an illegal practice. And even
to those who opposed the ruling
most strenuously, the courts de-
cision came as no surprise. Plans
already were under way through
out the area of hitherto legal
segregation to circumvent or COM
ply with the ruling of the Supreme
Court.
Evening star., 1954-05-23

reshuffling of students, but existing
plant facilities will handle the load.
The second map illustrates a diff
ferent situation. This area is along
East Capitol street. just east Of the
Anacostia River There are two
junior high schools of approx
mately equal capacity-about 1900
each. Kelly Miller. serving Negroes.
is operating at about 140 per cent
Of capacity, while the white school.
Sousa. is about 95 per cent full.
Integration would leave both schools
Evening star., 1954-05-23

partly white and partly colored in
residential character. In the SOUTH
ern half of the district are three
colored schools. all overcrowded. In
the northern, half are three white
schools. all operating below capac-
ity. Redistricting will make addi-
tional building unnecessary.
The fourth map shows an entirely
different situation, one in which race
Is not q factor. This is in the South
Capitol street area below the Ana
costa River. Large apartment de-
Evening star., 1954-05-23

woefully overcrowded. The only
solution is an additional Junior high
school, planned for Minnesota ave-
nue. just north of Benning road. 1t
will cost about $2,750,000. and if
approved in the budget for fiscal
1855, will be ready for use in 1856.
The third map Indicates how in
tegrated use of schools will solve
an overcrowding problem in the
elementary division. This area,
straddling Georgia avenue in the
second alphabet" Of streets, Is
Evening star., 1954-05-23
The Background

For as long as there has been
public education of Negroes, this
segregation has ranked spokesmen
for the race. A box appearing
below gives tabulation of mile
stone court cases in the Negro's
fight against segregation.
The battle started in New Eng
land in 1849, when Charles Sum-
ner, the abolitionist, pleaded that
Negro child was deprived of her
rights by being forced to attend a
school for Negroes. The State su-
preme court held that as long as
Negro and white facilities were
substantially equal there was no
unlawful discrimination.
This ruling, and several like it
in other States in subsequent years,
were used by the Supreme Court
in 1896 to promulgate the "sep-
arate but equal" doctrine in Plessy
D. Ferguson. The Plessy decision
lasted So years until it was demol-
ished last Monday.
PlesSy was, in its essence, a
States rights decision. 1t held
that the States had the power, as
part of their police authority, to
separate the races provided that
equal facilities were afforded both
groups.
The fact that PlesSy's separate
but equal" provisions were observed
more often to maintain separation
than to achieve equality had little
to do with the fact that it was law
for SO years. Absolute separation
coupled with absolute equality was
an ideal to be striven for in the
South, even if it was rarely at
tanned.
HorIon's Dissent i
At the time Plessy .. Ferguson
was decided, only one man on the
Supreme Court, Justice John Mar
shall Harlan of Kentucky, saw fit
to dissent. His ringing words, cited
time and again by anti-segrega-
tion spokesmen, proclaimed:
g.. in the eye of the law there
is in this country no superior,
dominant, ruling class of citizens.
Our Constitution is color blind
all citizens are equal before
the law. -.
1.-THE law regards man as man
and takes no account of his sur
roundings or of his color when his
civil rights as guaranteed by the
supreme law of the land are
involved"
The decisions last Monday echoed
in some detail the dissenting
Evening star., 1954-05-23

velopments, occupied by white peo-
pie, have caused serious overcrowd-
ing. Three white schools-Simon,
Patterson and Draper-are in the
area. All are operating at or above
capacity. Because Of scant Negro
population in the area, integration
will not materially affect conditions
In the coming school year. The So
luton to this. an exclusively white
problem. is the construction Of addi-
tions to two Of the schools. II rooms
ct Draper and eight ct Patterson.
Evening star., 1954-05-23
Photo by Horydcsak.
Amrn nE Aha rankllrN

great bulk of newspaper editors
and other public spokesmen in
counseling moderation.
Negroes were as restrained in
their jubilation as whites were in
their disappointment. Responsible
leaders of the colored community
realized that the period ahead
would require perhaps more calm
and wisdom on both sides than
almost any event in the past.
AS to official reaction through
out the South, this generalization
could be made: The deeper into
the cotton belt one looked, the
more pronounced was determine
ton to resist integration. South
Carolina, Georgia and Mississippi
were notable examples of areas
where the feeling was general that
something could-and would-be
done to thwart the decision.
'Clergymen in North Carolina
meanwhile prepared to place their
moral authority behind the Su-
preme Courts decision.
Nearby Views
In the District, meanwhile, plans
were under way to integrate even
before the Supreme Court argu-
ments are heard in october.
President Eisenhower, a foe Of
segregation, urged that the Dis
trict show other segregated areas
the way to complete and effective
integration. In Maryland last week,
Gov. McKeldin and his leading law
officers expressed the belief that
integration in that State would
. proceed without difficulty. The
Free State will wait until after
the court issues its decree, however.
Virginia, whose constitution for
bids ningling of races in schools,
was more inclined to move slowly.
But chance of open defiance by
Virginia of the courts authority
seemed unlikely.
Deep South Worries
The impact Of integration prob
ably will be felt most strongly in
rural areas of the South. In cities
where authorities decide to drag
their feet on integration, it will be
fairly simple to gerrymander
school districts so colored children
end up in one "unsegregated"
school and white children in an
ther. But in the farmlands, this
will not be possible. A glance at
the large map on this page, in
cidentally, shows that the rural
areas of the Deep South are the
regions with the heaviest ratio of
Negroes to whites. 1t seems likely
that integration will be honored
in the breach in many Of these Sec
tions, just as the equal" part Of
separate but equal" has been
honored for So years.
AS time passed last week, and
the first shock eased, the likeli-
hood of "trouble"-a word that
had been uttered in whispers
seemed to grow more remote. Only
Herman Talmadge was heard to
make the extreme remark that
President Andrew Jackson had
made when an earlier court rem
dered a decision he did not like:
John Marshall made the de-
cision. Let him enforce it."
This time, however, there was a
difference: The President of the
United States was In full accord
with the decision of the court.
Evening star., 1954-05-23

opinion Of Mr.. Justice Harlan, and
put an end to the era that began
in Boston before the Civil War.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-30
Veterans Planning on Entering
School Get Advice From VA

Veterans planning to attend
school this fall under the Korea
Gu Bill were warned by the
Veterans Administration today tc
do several things first.
Initially, the VA said, the vet
eran should make up his mind
what he wants out of his school
ing and what courses to take
to get it. He can change his
mind only once about his pro-
gram.
If the vet isn't certain about
his goal, the VA said, he may
request vocational connecting
This takes time, however, and he
must be in training before his
cutoff date for starting CT train
ing.
These headlines were extended
in a law signed by President
Eisenhower last August 20 and
give post-Korea veterans three
years instead Of two from the
date OF discharge to start Korea
CT Bill training.
Under the old law. veterans
discharged between August 20,
1851. and August 20. 1852. would
have had to get started before
August 20. Just past-when
schools were not in session be-
cause Of summer recess. Under
the new law they have another
year.
The VA also warned vets to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-30
Why do YOU
get so tired?

What causes that tired feeling?
How can mental work tire you
physically? Why do you some
times wake up tired? Do emo
tions affect fatigue? Can dieting
cause tiredness; will frequent
snacks help?
September Readers Digest
brings you scientific facts about
why you gel, 80 tired-and what
you can do about it. Get your
September Readers Digest to-
day: 80 articles of lasting inter-
est, condensed from leading
magazines and current books.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-30
He Causes Powerful
LOT of Trouble

WATERBURY, Conn. GA
big tree cut with q power saw,
fell across a power line inter-
rupting power service for 200
households. Police arrested the
tree cutter. They charged that
he used q stolen saw.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-30

fully. and send along . photostat
or certified copy Of separation
papers to the nearest regional
office.
4. Vets with dependent wives
should have available ON request
a photostat Of their marriage
license. and Of birth certificates
II there are dependent chilren.
S. Take along enough money
to finance the first two months
at school. It takes that long.
under the law. for . veterans
first CT allowance check to reach
him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-30
Adventists Help Build
Gold Coast Hospital

A new hospital to serve the
Kwahu area of the African Gold
Coast is expected to be completed
by Christmas, Accra reports.
It was built largely with gov
eminent funds, with a contribu-
ton from the Seventh-day Ad-
ventist Mission, which will run
the hospital.
It will be the 1920 hospital or
clinic operated by the West AZ
rican Mission, which hopes to
staff it with doctors from the
Adventists' medical college in
America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-30

4 I
be sure the course they plan to
take has been approved for
Korea CT training by the State
in which the school is located.
This can be checked at any VA
regional Office. but not at ma
tional headquarters.
Other points of advice from
the VA are:
!. Complete arrangements for
admittance to school to make
sure the vet can meet the in
stitution's requirements.
2. Then send applications for
training to the VA as soon as
possible so any difficulties can be
worked out quickly.
3. Check VA application care
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-30
Design Takes Is Months

After 10 months spent on its
design. new wind tunnel to test
capabilities Of high speed air.
craft is now under construction
near Bedford. England.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-03-19
Bishop To Ordain Nine AT The Cathedral

ceiying a B.A. in June, 1850. He
completed his theological studies
at Mt. st. Mary of the West in
Norwood, o.
Father Durbin will offer his
first Solemn Mass Sunday, Mar. %,
at IL a. m. in his home parish, st.
Luke, Danville, Ohio. An uncle,
Father Carl l.. Durbin, o. NJ. l.,
of San Antonio, Texas, will
be deacon and Father Michael
Tabit, pastor OF st. Francis de
Sales Church, NeweomerstoWn, will
be subdeacon. Father H. A. Ru-
beck, Administrators of st. Luke
Church, will deliver the sermon.
Father Durbin will be celebrant
at Solemn Benediction in the eve
ming at 7:30. A reception will be
held at the family residence Sun
day afternoon from 8 TO 5, and
in the evening from to 10.
Father Durbin is the son of Mr..
and Mrs. Judson c. Durbin, Rt. ?,
Howard.
Father Fahey, to be ordained
from the diocese of Tucson, Ari-
IONA. was born in 1926 in Column