davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19

Board under the Hoover adj
lninistration. He made his
principal fortune in investment
banking in Wall Street. Mem
bers Of his family are active in
the paper The new owners
paid approximately $8.5 mil
lion for the privilege of bury
ing their competitor on week.
days and eliminating one COM
peting paper on Sundays. It is
reported that the purchase
contract provides for the acqui-
sition Of the plant and equip
ment Of the Times-Herald and
that arrangements to dispose
OF the printing presses and ma
chimes to some enterprise out
side of Washington have been
made. So any new newspaper
would have a hard time start
ing right away, no matter how
much capital it might be able
to mobilize.
Hence those who today feel
that the only Washington
morning paper for the Presi-
dent and members of Con-
gress to read will be a paper
with news items and editorials
slanted to a So-called liberal"
or New Dealish point of view
will have to trust to the good
sense OF the Post management
to recognize that in the long
run onesidedness never pays
where there is a monopoly. For
there is always the possibility
of morning paper being is
sued by one Of the present eve
ming newspapers If the COM
petitive situation should really
encourage it.
The theory of the critics
that only one viewpoint has
been printed in the Wash
ington Post, both in its news
and editorial columns, may
be refuted by the experience
in other cities where mergers
have occurred. Again and
again the merged publication
has recognized the wisdom of
printinp articles from ron.
tributors presenting a view
opposite to its own editorials.
It usually has led to an elm
nation of bias in the handling
of front-page news and in a
balanced selection of dis
patches from the press associ-
atoms, which normally cover
both sides of a controversial
subject in an objective man
ner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19

and successful Senator. Still
unwilling but determined to
squash any Stassen comeback
in, Minnesota, he called a
showdown conference Of top
State Republicans.
From it State Treasurer Val
Bjornson emerged as the peo-
pies choice. Should this prove
slightly inaccurate. both the
State and Nation are in Re-
publican hands competent to
hand out a consolation prize.
Mr.. StaSsen meanwhile has
bowed out Of the race.
Mr.. Bjornson is we'll known
IN Minnesota and has spoken
tiuently and well all over the
State. Like Senator Magnuson
of Washington, he enjoys the
political asset Of a name worth
votes in his State before he
even opens his mouth.
He is. however. a far cry
from the national prestige
which the Minnesota G. o. P.
hoped to draft. Their first
choice was the eminent DR..
Charles Mayo, who recently
made a memorable contribu-
ton as a United Nations dele
gate with his informed anal
ySiS Of Communist BRAIN
washing techniques.
After DR.. Mayo had resisted
home State pressure, the Pres
ident himself took a hand. A
White House supper table was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19
Doris FIeeson-

Word straight from the
horses mouth that Harold
Stassen had a suppressed de-
sire to be a Senator ended the
long search of Minnesota Re-
publicans for . strong oandi-
date to run against Hubert
Humphrey. incumbent Demo-
crat, this fall.
Gov. Elmer Anderson does
not care for Mr.. StaSsen. His
sentiments are doubled in
spades by the Old Guard which
Stassen displaced when Gov
ernor, and by the Young Turks
who resented Stassen'S refusal
to bow out of the 1852 presi-
Dental primary in favor of
Gen. Eisenhower.
When Victor johnson of the
Republican Senate Campaign
Committee brought the bad
news from Washington that
StaSSen was IN earnest about
the Senate. Gov. Anderson
acted. johnson explained that
Stassen's foreign operations
empire faces major surgery
from a hostile Senate Appro-
priations Committee and might
even expire on the operating
table. Hence the Stassen
search for another base of
political operations.
Gov. Anderson had been
under heavy pressure himself
to attempt the precarious eff
fort to unseat Humphrey, a
notably brilliant campaigner
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19

to suceumb to Impotence with
our European allies. Such a
tendency is noted. especially
as regards France, which is, we
must remember. the key to our
common continental defense.
Just now it is touch apd 60 in
France on ratification of the
European Defense Community
which is necessary to bring a
German army into the COM
bined Western European army.
We would like to see that hap
pen before the Geneva confer
ence scheduled for late April.
Communist China will be at
Geneva seeking to trade with
France on the basis of an
Indo-China settlement, hop
ing to get into the U. N. as a
member. Russia will utilize the
situation as best she can to
try to divide us and our allies.
Most of all she would like to
see the breakup of NATO and
EDO.
All these things are the same
old look, and it behooves us
to keep on looking and never
take our eyes off the Commu-
niStS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19

as well, once again. stop the
daydreaming and be patient
for a long haul of continued
sacrifice. That is necessary If
we are to complete the COM
mon defense we are building
in Europe with our allies in
NATO-North Atlantic Treaty
Organization - and in the
European Defense Community,
and in holding the line in Asia
and the Middle East and
everywhere also around the
world. Constant vigilance is
necessary to protect this
frontier along which, as now
in Indo-China. things can
happen quickly and require
shifts in policy or new diplo-
matte moves.
Before going further into
the new look" and its poten-
tialS, let us consider the dis
cuSSion about the Presidents
power to act in case of sudden
aggression. In such eventual
ity. the President made it clear
that he would of course act
Immediately and should be
hanged in he didn't. He would
bring Congress into the picture
as quickly as possible, and in
emergencies or threats where
there was time, he would con-
suit Congress.
This discussion was provoked
in part by the debate we re-
Gently endured day after day
over the Bricker amendment
to circumscribe the Presidents
authority in foreign policy.
The common-sense attitude
revealed this week by the Pres
ident and Secretary Dulles
about aggression and the re-
Spouse to 1t helped to show
the daydreaming and wishful
thinking inherent in the
Bricker amendment move.
ment. The latter was to Re.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19
BY the Assoeioted Press

VATICAN Getty. Mar. 49,
Pope Plus XII appeared in pub
lie today for the first time since
he became gravely i'll two months
ago. From the window of his
Vatican apartment he blessed
more than $4,000 persons cheer
ing him from st. Peters Square.
The crowd was composed
mostly Of Italian Alpine veterans,
here for their annual convention.
Exactly as the 18-ton master
bell Of st. Peters Basilica doomed
the 18th stroke of the noon
hour. the top floor window of
the papal apartment opened and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19
Kentucky House Backs
l8-Yeur Voting AGE
ey the Associated Pres,

FRANKFORT. KY. Mar. 10
The house gave its unanimous
support yesterday to proposed
constitutional amendment to
lower the voting age in Kentucky
from 81 to 10 years. The Senate
already had approved the pro-
poSal.
The question will be placed on
the November, 1855. ballot along
with another proposed amend
ment to exempt Kentuckians'
household goods from taxation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-19
$l5-MiIIion Beauty

NEW DELHI.-The world ia.
NOUS Tai Mahal structure, known
for the beauty of its architecture,
is said to have cost SIS million.
Evening star., 1954-01-17

shall be subject to the limita-
tions imposed on treaties by this
article.
This section. the third main
proviso Of the amendment, Is
aimed at the Yalta-Potsdam
type Of agreement. and at vari-
Gus agreements proposed under
the United Nations such as the
so-called ''internatioal bill of
rights" proposal and the status
Of women" agreement. Support
ers says the Yalta -rOtsdam type
leads to secret deals, made be-
hind the back of Congress and
the country. which often have
fateful and far-reaching conse-
quences. The other type of
agreement. they maintain. could
conceivably strike at the Bill of
Rights and weaken American
liberties.
To this the opponents reply
that the provision. by making
agreements subject to ratification
by Congress in the same fashion
as treaties. would transfer TO
Congress the Presidents right to
conduct foreign policy. They
argue that executive agreements
usually are made pursuant to
previous legislation passed by
Congress. and they assert that
the Supreme Court has long rec
ogniZed the Presidents right to
make agreements with other
countries in the development Of
foreign policy.
Evening star., 1954-01-17
Senate Unit 10 Call
Chief Justice Warren
Sy shs AssoaGsed Press

Chairman LANCER Of the Sen
ate judiciary Committee an
nounced yesterday that hearings
on the nomination Of Earl War
rem to be Chief Justice win be
held ''in the near future" and
that Mr.. Warren win be asked
to appear.
The Chief Justice. former Re-
publican Governor Of California,
already has taken his place on
the Supreme Court under an ap-
pointment made by President
Eisenhower last fall while Con-
greSs was in recess. His formal
nomination as Chief Justice, TO
succeed the late Fred NJ. Vinson.
was sent to the Senate last Mon
day.
Senator LANCER said he had
appointed a subcommittee con-
sisting Of himself as chairman
and Senators Hendrickson. Re-
publican of New Jersey. Watkins,
Republican Of Utah, EaStland.
Democrat Of Mississippi. and
HenningS. Democrat. of Missouri,
70 consider the nomination.
Committee aides said the ap-
pearance Of Q Chief Justice be-
fore the committee apparently
would be unprecedented. Chief
Justice Warren is the first Chief
Justice since the early days Of
the Republic to 60 on the SUI
preme Court prior to Senate con-
frmation-
All indications are. however.
that Mr.. Warren VIII be con-
frmed by the Senate without
difficulty despite disappointment
BY some Senator's that Gen. Ei-
eenhower did not select Q Chief
Justice from the judiciary.
Evening star., 1954-01-17
Heads for Showdown With G. O. p
On Bricker Proposal to Curb Treaty Powers

federation-which preceded the
| Constitution-under which indi-
vidual States could reject
treaties.
Bricker Hurls Charge.
In a bristling response. Sena-
tor Bricker issued a statement
charging that the President be
lieves that the Federal Govern
ment, merely by making q
promise to another country.
should be able to clothe itself
| with authority inconsistent with
the Constitution Of the United
States"
Senator Bricker says his
amendment would guarantee
that no American liberties could
be taken away by international
treaties which he says might
supersede domestic laws and the
Constitution itself. He also
argues that Congress should have
control over executive agree
ments such as those which were
made at Yalta by President
Roosevelt. at Potsdam by Presi-
dent Truman, and perhaps at
Bermuda by President Eisen-
hover.
When the Senator originally
introduced his amendment. there
were 64 co-sponsors. the neces-
sary two-thirds of the Senate
required to pass a Constitutional
amendment. Since then. three
sponsors have died and others
reportedly have cooled in their
support. In addition to two
thirds Of the Senate. the amend
ment would have to be approved
by two-thirds of the House and
then be ratified by three -fourths
Of the States before 1t could be-
come law.
The Amendment Analyzed.
Section by section. proponents
and opponents analyze the
Bricker amendment like this:
l. A provision Of q treaty
which conflicts with this Consti-
tuition shall not be Of any force
or effect.
Senator Bricker and a majority
Of the Senate Judiciary Com
mittee. which approved his
resolution Of amendment and
sent it to the floor, say this
provision removes any possible
doubt whether Q treaty must be
consistent with the Constitution.
This doubt. they point out, has
been encouraged by several
Supreme Court decisions which
have seemed to hold that the
Government might do things
pursuant to treaties which 1t
was unable to do under existing
domestic law. Undoubtedly. !"
the committee majority report
Evening star., 1954-01-17
By Allen Drury

President Eisenhower is head
ing for a decisive showdown with
powerful Republicans in Con-
gress over the treaty-limiting
Bricker amendment to the Con-
stitution.
The President reportedly has
decided to make an all-out fight
against the amendment. Senator
Bricker. Republican. Of Ohio. is
equally adamant in his determi-
nation to fight for It. If the
President loses this first real test
Of his leadership. his prestige
and influence with Congress may
never fully recover. and the
treaty-making powers of future
executives may be drastically
curtailed.
Center of the Dispute.
Section 1. A provision of a
treaty which conflicts with this
Constitution shall not be of any
force or effect.
Sec. 2. A treaty shall become
effective as internal law In the
United States only through leg
islation which would be valid in
the absence Of treaty.
/, Sec. 8. Congress shall have
power to regulate all executive
and other agreements with any
foreign power or international
organization. All such agree
ments shall be subject to the lin
itations imposed on treaties by
this article.
Sec. 1. The Congress shall
have power to enforce this article
by appropriate legislation.
Sec. S. This article shall be
imperative unless 1t shall have
been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the legis-
latureS of three-fourths Of the
several States within seven years
from the date of its submission. I"
Biggest Since Court Fight.
Around these brief lines Of
text perhaps the most important
Constitutional debate since the
Roosevelt plan to enlarge the
Supreme Court is scheduled to
begin in the Senate in the next
few days. Already it has brought
thousands Of letters and tele-
grams. most Of them supporting
Senator Bricker. to Congressional
offices. And it has arrayed against
the amendment some Of the Ma
tons ableSt lawyers. including
Secretary Of State John Fos-
ter Dulles and Attorney General
Herbert Brownell.
President Joins In Fight.
Gen. Eisenhower himself be-
gan to take an active part In
the fight TO defeat the amend
ment only this past week. He
told his press conference
Wednesday that the Founding
Fathers had provided that when
treaty was properly ratified
by the Senate it should take
precedence over any State Law.
including State constitutions. He
emphasized that when he deals
with other nations. he must
speak for one Government and
not be involved in representing
48 States.
The President said he was glad
to agree with Senator Bricker's
contention that any treaty or
executive agreement that con-
trayened the Constitution should
be void. But he said he wouldn't
go back to the Articles Of Con-
Evening star., 1954-01-17

says, "it is bestto establish once
and for all. by unequivocal
language. that the treaty power
cannot be used for purposes in
conflict with the Constitution. I"
Opponents Of the amendment
counter with the assertion that
a treaty cannot conflict with the
Constitution or override it.
Treaties and executive agree
ments. they say, can be chal-
lenged in the courts on the
grounds that they infringe speci-
fic Constitutional guarantees. Of
individual liberties. They con-
tend the Supreme Court has re-
peatedly emphasized that trea-
ties are subordinate to the Con-
stitution. and they argue that
an amendment repeating this
would simply open the whole
matter to endless legal argu-
ments over Interpretation Of
something which is already law
anyway.
2. A treaty shall become ef-
fectiye as internal law In the
United States only through legis-
lation which would be valid in
the absence Of treaty.
Supporters OF this section Of
the amendment-the so-called
which" provision-point TO the
famous case Of Missouri VS.. Hol-
land to bolster their argument.
In that case game laws Of the
State Of Missouri prohibited the
Federal Government from max
ing certain regulations concern
ing migratory birds. After the
Government signed q migratory
bird agreement with Canada it
proceeded to pass a law which
set aside the Missouri laws. The
Supreme Court upheld its right
to pass law which. in the abb
sence Of q treaty. would have
been unconstitutional.
Senator Bricker and his
friends say this doctrine. If per-
mitted to continue unchallenged,
would lead to serious encroach-
ments on State rights. The Pres
ident, Secretary Dulles and Mr..
Brownell argue that the Bricker
amendment, while attempting TO
correct this danger. would in
effect give each individual State
the right to prevent the Gov
ernment from making any treaty
which might conflict with that
States laws. In other words,
all treaties would have to con-
form with existing law.
). Congress shall have power
to regulate all executive and
other agreements with any for
eign power or international or
ganizatiOn. All such agreements
Evening star., 1954-01-17
Poll Says Majority
.OfEisenhoWer Voters
Wanted a Change

More voters supported Gen.
Eisenhower for President In
1852 because we needed q
change than for any other rea-
son. according to q poll made for
the Boston Post by Crossley, Inc.
The poll, which was made public
yesterday. was analyzed by Louis
H. Bean.
The poll showed that 900 per
cent Of those persons interviewed
are now satisfied on the score
Of their reasons for supporting
President Eisenhower, 4.6 per
cent are not satisfied and 4.8 per
cent are uncertain about 1t.
Reasons Given.
The reason given for voting
for Gen. Eisenhower and the
percentages were as follows:
need for q change. AZ per cent:
liked him as o man, Is per cent:
considered best man, IA per cent;
Republican, 9 per cent: to clean
up Washington mess. 5 per cent:
opposed to former President
Truman, 4 per cent: stop war
in Korea. 4 per cent: UNDER
standing of military problems, 4
per cent; believed to be Q strong
leader. 4 per cent: cut debts and
expenses. 3 per cent; knowledge
Of foreign relations. 2 per cent:
understood United States prob
lens, l per cent; would lower
taxes. ! per cent; more consider
ate Of common man. per cent.
The principal dissatisfaction,
the poll indicated, is among
those who voted for him be-
cause they felt he was q strong
leader. and among those who
believed that the country needed
q change.
Other Factors Listed.
Other leading reasons for dis
like Of the President and his
administration were given as
follows: failure to keep prom
fses. poor foreign policy. the
manner Of the Korean settle
ment. poor labor policy, high
retail prices and slowness In
taking action.
Another question put to the
voters was: What specifically
do you like about the Republican
administration now that it has
been In power . year?" Nearly
half (48 per cent? replied;
nothing. nothing special, or
don't you know" The ending OF
the Korean war was mentioned
by l8 per cent, cutting expenses
and reducing Government en-
ployment was named by 8 per
cent. ending corruption and
graft by 6 per cent. removing
Communists from Government
by 3 per cent. a stronger foreign
policy by l.9 per cent, reduction
in taxes by Is per cent, and
improvement in farm admins
tration by Is per cent.
Evening star., 1954-01-17
New Farm Program.
Must Be Split Into
3 Paris, Aiken Says
sy ,he As,oeisisd Press

Senator Aiken, Republican. oi
Vermont. said yesterday it viii
be necessary to split President
Eisenhower's new farm program
into three legislative packages to
get 1t through Congress.
"And we may have q battle
on each part" the chairman Of
the Senate Agriculture Commit
tee added.
With controversy already boil
ing, Secretary Of Agriculture
Benson will 60 on the firing
line tomorrow with public testi-
mony before Secretary Aiken's
committee.
"The Secretary will be here to
give us his estimate Of the gen.
eral outlook for agriculture" the
Senator said. I'm fairly GER
tain he'll also get into the
programs"
Shift to Flexible Plan.
Senator Aiken said the main
package is the Eisenhower pro-
posal to shift gradually from the
present system of rigid price
supports for cotton. wheat, corn,
tobacco and other basic crops
to a flexible plan. based on
supply and demand.
The chairman said the two
other parts Of the presidential
farm program are:
l. An increase Of nearly 81 bill
lion In funds for the Commodity
Credit Corp, the agency that
handles farm price support op-
erations.
2. The new proposal to offer
production incentive payments
to domestic wool growers to en-
courage "efhcient production and
marketing" as Gen. Eisenhower
put it.
Fund Increase Backed.
The Commodity Credit Corp
now has about IS billion invested
In farm products under price
support operations ordered by
Congress. Its present ceiling i,
$6.75 billion.
Critics of the new Eisenhower
farm program, including Sena-
tors Ellender. Democrat. Of Lou
isiana. and Young. Republican
Of North Dakota. agreed with
Senator Aiken that price support
funds must be increased.
Evening star., 1954-01-17
st. Andrews Luncheon

James II. Douglas. jr., Under
secretary Of the Air Force. will
speak at luncheon meeting of
the st. Andrews Society OF
Washington at 1890 pm. Tues
day in the Good Earth Restau-
rant, 1909 K street NV.
Evening star., 1954-01-17
KnoWIand Predicts
Some Form Of treaty
Plan Will Pass Senate
sy the Asseeiu,sd Press

Senator Knowland. Republi-
can, of California predicted yes
terday the Senate will approve
some sort of constitutional
amendment redef1ning treaty
making powers.
The Senate Republican Lead
er said he expects to know by
Tuesday whether administration
leaders can reach q compromise
with Senator Bricker. Republi-
can, of Ohio on an amendment
which President Eisenhower has
criticized as restricting his au-
thority to deal with other ma
tions.
The Bricker proposal would
amend the Constitution to pre-
vent treaties from overriding do
mestic law and would give Con-
greSs authority to regulate presi-
dental executive agreements.
Sees Il Passed in Some Form.
If the administration can't
compromise with Senator Brick
er. Senator Knowland said. the
issue viii have to be fought out
on the Senate floor. He said
this might involve a section-hy-
section fight over the proposal.
He wouldn't forecast the out
come. but added:
I'm my Judgment. constitu-
tional amendment viii be PASSED
by the Senate In some form. I
don't know at this stage Of the
game just what it viii be-"
Although Senator Knowland
said he still has hope that a
compromise could be reached.
another administration leader
who didn't want to be quoted by
name said he feared the chances
are about 100 to l against such
aScompromise.
May Seek Substitute.
1T was understood that If such
attempts fail. Senators Know
land and Ferguson Of Michigan
and other Republican leaders
viii try to draft q middle the
road substitute which Gen.
Eisenhower might not find en-
tirely to his liking but could ae-
eept.
This would be offered in the
Senate as an alternative to the
Bricker proposal, with the idea
Of attracting support from
among the so Senators who have
permitted their names to be at
tached as co-authors with Sena-
tor Bricker of the resolution.
Administration leaders appar-
emily think they can get enough
Democratic support. along with
the few Republicans openly op-
posing Senator Bricker. to mus
ter enough votes to substitute
their version for the Ohioan's.
OAR Leader Backs Plan.
The leaders Of the Daughters
Of the American Revolution is
sued q statement yesterday
backing the Bricker PROPOSAL.
Miss Gertrude S. Carraway,
president general, said:
Daughters Of the American
Revolution beeieve that the
amendment is essential in order
70 protect the internal affairs
Of the United States. insure the
operation Of treaty powers as
intended by the Founding Faith
ers, and thus preserve the Con-
stitution. this republics inde-
pendence of action. and the
American way Of life"
Evening star., 1954-01-17
Southwest Horbor Lions

The Southwest Harbor Lions
Club win initiate members at q
luncheon 1T 1880 pm. Tuesday
In Hammels Restaurant. 4I6
Tenth street NV. Michael J.
Lane. Of the Capitol HID Lions
Club. win speak.