davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-09-21


"free." "showever indefensible, will make
a popular political issue.
AS for free trade being "a decided
commercial advantage for all con-
cerned." after the disastrous free-trade
era of the early 1905 the query OF
Henry George, Protection or Free
Trader" was answered in 1896 when the
people voted for protection. To. this
writer the words "free trade" never fail
to evoke the 60-year-old memory Of
Gen. Coxey leading his army Of unem-
ployed to the Capitol, when three
fourths of the factories in this country
were closed. Today. when our wage
scales are two to five times those of
other nations, compensatory (pro-
tective) tariffs are more than ever es-
sential to- the maintenance Of a sound
and profitable economic structure. Un-
til such wage scales are equalized our
ports should remain closed to the free
entry Of competitive products OF foreign
nations. Surely our duties as wet
nurse to the free world should not
involve risk of economic suicide.
In 1856 what political party will dare
to commit itself to "the enlightened
principle Of free trade? Certainly not
the Republican Party which fathered
the protective tariff. nor the Demo-
cratic Party whose political fortunes are
determined by the votes of organized
labor Looks like Mr.. Allen and Mr..
Ford will have to get busy and form
their own Free Trade Party.
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Red China and the U. N.

Ambassador Lodges special statement
on Red Chinas .sWarlike acts of piracy" adds
up to another good and timely argument
as the General Assembly meets again
against the Soviet-sponsored proposal to
admit the Peiping regime into the member
ship of the United Nations.
No fewer than II u. N. members, in
cluding the United Kingdom, have extended
diplomatic recognition to Communist China,
, but not all of them are yet eager to accept
! it into the world organization in place OF
the Formosa-based Nationalist government
Of Chang Kai-Shek. The British for ex-
ample, are prepared to postpone action on
the issue for at least another year, and that
fact-plus others virtually insures that
our country, even without resorting to its
veto power, will be able to block Peiping's
admission during the Assembly's new seS-.
sion.
This is as it should be. After all, the
primary purpose of the United Nations Is
, to "save succeeding generations from the
scourge Of war" and applicants for mem
bership are supposed to show evidence that
they are "peace-loving." Such evidence
quite obviously cannot be produced by the
Chinese Communists at this time. On the
contrary, as emphasized by Mr.. Lodge, our
chief delegate to the U. NJ, what the record
discloses, wholly apart from their criminal
aggression in Korea and their dark role
in the Indo- China hostilities, is that they
have been guilty, since n1id-1950, of per-
SiStent belligerency - policy involving,
among other things, SO outrages against
ships and planes flying the flags of our own
country, Britain, Denmark, Panama, Nor
way, France and Portugal.
These outrages, costing the lives Of
90 Americans and Britons engaged in peace
full endeavors, can never be justified. AS
Mr.. Lodge has said, they have been part
of a pattern of constant aggressive pressure
against the free world"-a very large and
black pattern embracing. in addition to
Korea and Indo- China, the seizure Of Tibet,
the determination of millions of individuals
in China, program of subversion through
out Southeast Asia, and ceaseless "hate-
America" and 'hate-the- West" propaganda
of the vilest kind.
In these circumstances, particularly
since the Chinese Reds are showing no
signs Of reform, nothing could be clearer
than their present .ineligibility for U. N.
membership Certainly, if the world organ
izatioft voted otherwise, it would stultify
itself and burlesque the most basic princi-
pies Of it's charter.
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Speaks Up for LonqfelIow

believe the editors Of The Star will
agree that hurricane nameS Edna not
only knocked over the steeple Of Old
North Church, but at the same time
upset the mental equilibrium Of some
people in their appraisal Of the veracity
Of Henry WadsWorth Longfellow.
Every generation since the writing
Of the poem commemorating Paul
Revere's ride has produced its carping
critics. When Charles q. Dawes was
elected vice president, somebody re-
membered that it was one OF his an
cestors who won the patriotic sweep
stakes on the eve OF Lexington and that
Revere, the Boston silversmith. was
captured and disqualified at the quar-
ter post. OF course the villain was
the gentle. modest Mr.. Longfellow.
Let 1t be remembered that Longfellow
was a poet, not a historian, and won
his licenSe-poet's license early. At
Bowdoin College long before he became
Harvard professor he wrote many
impressive poems and established his
fame To convey to his readers the
significance Of the thrilling episode in
warning the countryside of the advance
of the British, it was not a poets forte
to burden his lyrical narrative with
inconsequential details. No heavy
handed historian has written anything
Of the affair at Lexington and Con-
cord that equals in its patriotism those
stirring lines beginning Listen, my
children. and you shall hear. !" Where
is the American boy or girl who has not
listened with delight to the vary last
word of those inspiring stanzas'
Lucky that hurricane wasn't called
"Eyangeline" or "Priscilla!"
John p. C0wan.
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Former Dissatisfied

Before President Eisenhower started
his campaign In 1852, he was very
explicit In calling attention Of agricul-
tural workers to the fact that he was
going to see that they would be better
Of II he became President, and all
during his campaign he reiterated this.
Since l947 farm income has been
dwindling. but during the last 80 days
the losses sustained by farmers are more
than the preceding four years. Farmers
did not like the gradual decline in
prices and wanted to change, to keep
prices more In line with the cost Of
production. But the result of the change
is a short change. and SO we have to
call the present administration the
Short Change Deal"
The trouble has been. and farmers
agree. that the President has been
wrongly advised in many Of his selec-
tions for important jobs, especially the
Secretary Of Agriculture. This man was
chosen primarily from his experience
in the cooperative business field, which
has been the subject Of much debate
in Congress every year except the
present one. For nearly 20 years pre-
vious administrations have foundered.
muddled and tried to perfect business
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Self-Determinotion Principle

The three letters recently published
in The Star regarding Germany's lost
eastern territories bring up the ques-
democracy. self-determination, free
dom, with regard to the fixing Of
boundaries. Should we go back 400.
500 or 1000 years and try to determine
what boundaries the people then living
would have desired and adopt them
for present-day boundaries or should
we allow the present generations to re-
turn safely to the homes from which
they were forcefully driven and have
plebiscites through which these inhab-
itants could decide their own national
allegiance? II we were to go back 400
years in the, United States we would
have to return America to the Indians.
German cultural contributions to East
ern Europe were enormous and similar
to those Of Europeans to America.
Thorn was founded by Germans in
1891 and the population was almost
entirely German until 1920. Ninety
nine per cent of its city records. as
those of DanZig. are in German or
Latin. Even the Cracow city records
were kept in German up to about 1500
The "predominantly Polish" population
of Danzig mentioned by Ex-GI was
93 per cent German encyclopaedia Bri-
tannica) and it was mere German than
Berlin.
Polish chauvinism and aggressive i'm
perialism is proved by the Encyclopaedia
Britannica. Poland had IS million in
habitants in 1888. OF these only SO
per cent were Poles. which means that
II million non-Poles were forced to live
under the Polish military dictatorship
and denied self-deterndination Yet
Polish greed was not satisfied. saw
maps in Polish shop windows in 1888.
claiming German territories inhabited
by millions Of non-Poles.
According to the 1910 German census,
the population of the Marienwerder
district, claimed by Poland as undis-
putably Polish, was 160,567. Of which
24,126 were Polish speaking. However,
when plebiscite was held under allied
supervision in 1920, 90 per cent Of the
people voted for Germany. In POL
ish' AIlenstein 50 per cent voted for
GermanyD If even half Of the Poles
voted to keep German rule. it cannot
have been as bad as Polish sources
claim. 1t also shows that If a plebiscite,
i.e., democratic self determination ihad
been allowed in the so-called Polish
Corridor. it undoubtedly would have re-
suited in large majority for Germany.
If Germany's neighbors would restore
to Germany the areas they hold against
the will of the people concerned, there
would be lasting peace in Europe.
Frances vote against the EDO is based
on fear of being called to account. In
1910, 1,634.000 out Of 1,874,000 inhabit-
Evening star., 1954-09-21
ARLINGTON. Va.


Dear Sir: M
Most potent, grave and reverend
signior, that I have imposed on your
good nature more than once, 1t is true
yet, by your gracious patience ] will
another round unvarnished tale unfold.
cit is this:
'In our yard, not far from the house,
are two large blue spruce trees which
for some years have been dominated
during the mating season by mocking-
birds.
''The cardinals and the catbirds used
the forsythia bushes in the rear yard;
the jays, woodpeckers and starlings
nested in the big naples, and the wrens
and chickadees In the bird boxes.
"This year it is very different.
"In one Of the spruce trees, at ap-
proximately one and the same time.
were one pair of mockingbirds. q pair
of beautiful cardinals. a pair of brown
thrashers and pair of doves.
.'They all seemed to dwell in peace
and harmony and all brought forth
their offspring.
"The young birds have gone, the
Knockers, thraShers and doves come and
90. but the once-timid cardinals appear
to have settled down to stay and APP
parently are now in charge.
pm, they chirp with that thin little
chirp for food, and when it is placed on
the feeding shelf nearby. they no longer
Evening star., 1954-09-21
This and That

hang back and wait until all others
have dined-they are cautious still, bVt
no longer fearful.
''We thought it might be interesting
to you as it has been to us that four
pairs of such beautiful and talented
birds did live together for some weeks,
without cross word. so far as we
could see or hear.
''very sincerely, r. M. F."
This is net an unusual occurrence for
different species.
What would be unusual would be for
four pairs Of mockers. or four pairs Of
cardinals, to occupy the same general
nesting site.
This Is because Of two things. one,
the territorial theory of food supply,
and two, the general jealousy Of the
same species.
This jealousy runs completely through
nature and living things.
It is shown best, perhaps, among the
cat kind.
Those interesting small creatures
often show jealousy plainly. In others.
it is more covered.
Among humans, jealousy is also
mostly covered up and concealed,
though it may be present.
There can be little doubt that indi-
vidual specimens. in all living groups.
tend to resent the presence Of others
of their own group.
The house cats would he perfectly
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Summers End

do not oriepe at summers end. because
I knotD
Through years of matching seasons turn
and 90.
That GlUnys. on the n1orrop, there .rtH
be
Some neiDer thing to bring me ecstdcy:
Spring turns to summer and the rose
is S1Deet,
So iDho aDould orieUe that April t1ent
her iD1y?
As roses bloU their petals on the totnd,
There comes the magic OF an autumn
day;
When iDas younger. hotd my hearr
mould ache
To see the last bright leaf spin dotUn
and 90,
But now, NTH iDiSdom CLEANED from
seasons past,
I Dait the benediction OF the snotc >. :.
Beuloh Henderson Smith
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Public Library Needs

The District Public Library system, in
common with other cultural facilities of the
metropolitan Washington community is
expanding at rapid rate, and the latest
report Of Public Librarian Harry N. Peterson
draws attention to that important fact. To
illustrate the growth, the development in
Anacostia in recent years may be cited.
The population increase in the area referred
to has been approximately 800 per cent
since 1910. Much Of this, new human phe-
nomenon consists Of new families whose
components came here in relation to mill
tary service or other work related to World
War II and remained to share in national
defense enterprises or civilian services con-
nected Herewith. These people, most nota-
bly, their children, are potential library
patrons. A demand for an Anacostia branch
is natural sign of the times. Present
progress indicates that the need will be
met within the next calendar year. It's cost
Is definitely modest when appraised with
proper regard for its practical significance.
Meanwhile, at the other end of the
city the American University neighborhood
Is displaying similar increase in popula-
ton and in cultural acquisitions. Mr.. Peter
son says branch library eventually will
have to be built in that area. He would
deal with it's immediate book needs by send
ing into it a second bookmobile-a branch
library on wheels: and he is asking funds
for the operation of this vehicle. Other
items on his list of improvements made
imperative by expanding service in response
to growing public interest are the installa-
ton Of modernized lightmg equipment for
the Central Library, pRrking space for
the Northeast Branch, structural repairs at
the Georgetown, Mount Pleasant and Ia
korna Park branches and similar housekeep-
Ing procedures elsewhere. On the personnel
side, the primary need is for staff workers
at Central and the new Anacostia building.
s4e Obviously, Mr.. Peterson should not be
obliged to beg for the money required for
the expansionllis report reflects. Churches,
schools, hospitals, Fairgrounds and long
list of quasi-public facilities all exemplify
the same progressive tendency. Our whole
country is growing in cultural, social and
humanitarian activity.
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Democratic Aid to Negroes

On the front page Of The Evening
Star Of September 16 there appeared an
article headed Virginia VIPs Shun
Fete Of Kindred of Marshall, Where
Warren VIII Talk"
/ fully understand the apprehension
and bitterness Of the South toward the
Supreme Court decision outlawing seq
regatiop in the public schools of the
United States. fail. however. to find
any justification in blaming Chief JUS
tice Warren of the Republican Party
for the inevitable decision.
The Congressional Directory Of Feb
ruary, 1854, gives the following infor-
nation in regard to the membership
Of the Supreme Court at the time of
the anti-segregation decision: OF the
nine members, flve were appointed by
Franklin D. Roosevelt. three by Harry
S. Truman, and one (Chief Justice
Warren) by President Eisenhower. Al
though the biographical sketches in
the Directory do not list the party
affiliation Of the Justices (the members
of the Court supposedly divesting them
selves Of party partiSanship when they
don the robes Of the Supreme Court:
all except Chief Justice Warren were.
I believe, Staunch members of the DEM
ocratic Party. Three Of the members
are natives of Southern segregated
States.
Any one who is old enough to remem-
ber the past % years scarcely can fail
to admit that 1t was mainly during
the Roosevelt and Truman administra-
tions that the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People be-
came powerful factor in promoting
equality between the white and colored
races. Efforts of the Negro race to-
ward equality were given support and
encouragement by the Democratic adj
ministrations. During the 20 years Of
Democratic rule the colored race made
greater strides toward equality than it
had made at any previous period since
the Emancipation Proclamation
Because the inevitable day Of nom
segregated schools, for which the Dem
ocratic administrations had laid the
foundations and set the stage, hap
pened to arrive during a Republican
administration and under a Republi-
can Chief Justice. in all fairness we
should put the blame-or credit-where
1t belongs. on the Democrats.
L. N. s.
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Misusinq Union Funds

A shameful story of greed, betrayal Of
trust and downright dishonesty in the man
agement of labor union welfare funds has
been unfolded in public hearings before
examiners Of the New York State Insurance
Department. AS part of State inquiry, the
hearings dealt only with the operations of
locals in New York, but it is apparent that
the shocking abuses uncovered there are
not confined to single State. Congressional
interest in the problem already has been
aroused and committees Of the House and
Senate are planning to examine the admin
istration Of the funds in different parts OF
the country.
The unions themselves, of course, are
in the best position for quick cleaning up
of situation in which their funds-created
by contribution or assessment of their
members-are being SO widely wasted and
misused. Presidents Meany and Reuther OF
the AFL and the CIO, respectively, already
have promised their cooperation in the con-
gressional inquiries and Mr.. Reuther acted
with commendable vigor and promptness in
ordering the suspension of six officials Of
the Retail, wholesale and Department Store
Union, CIO affiliate, after their admissions
of misuse Of welfare funds
4AC S4Cdt SAOWVAA Va oAASoS ANAA~o, 80
number and in dollar resources, has been
largely postwar development. While their
basic purpose is to give economic protection
to employees against the hazards Of accident,
illness and old age, they have In many cases
broadened this function by running vaca-
ton camps or supporting other activities
which might offer comforts or attractions
to the union members. It is in some OF
these "fringe functions" that the greatest
abuses were uncovered during the New York
hearings. For example, 1t was revealed that
administration costs in handling one fund
of Teamsters Union local amounted 60
80 cents of each dollar contributed-with
payroll padding, nepotism, unaudited ex-
pense accounts and, 1t may be suspected,
downright thievery. 1t was brought out IN
testimony that the fund, now considered
insolvent, had been tapped for $4,000 to
purchase from a relative of the funds
administrator piece Of land assessed at
s1o5oo. Nearly $4,000 more was spent to
make the area into vacation camp Tor
union members.
One seemingly authoritative estimate
Of the total resources of labor union welfare
funds places them as high as SIT billion
The management and investment OF this
money is a task requiring integrity and
good financial judgment. The employment
Evening star., 1954-09-21
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

@. Why was the Little League base
ball diamond made only two-thirds as
large as the regulation size?-H. S. D.
A. This size was decided upon after
series Of tests to find out how far
youngsters of IL and under could
actually hit and throw. The tests were
held on the site that is now the Original
Little League ball park. at Williamsport,
Pa. More than a quarter million boys
are now playing ball each summer under
Little League rules and supervision.
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Mr.. Stevenson Worms Up

Political deductions that Adlai Steven
son is off and running in bid, for a second
Democratic presidential nomination can be
well supported.
After a relatively lengthy and quiet
convalescence from surgery, the defeated
1852 nominee has taken on a rugged sched-
ule of speaking during the congressional
campaign just now getting under way. Fur
thermore, the tone of his initial efforts
although marked as usual by his artistry
with words-has had enough Of the "give-
em-hell" quality to make 1t apparent that
the former Illinois Governor may be seeking
to cast himself as more of a tough and two
fisted campaigner than seemed the case
in 1882
Up to now, Mr.. Stevenson'S strategy
has been to attack the Republican Party
as 'brawl," an instrumentality that has
brought drift, division and decentralization"
to the administration of the Nations af-
fairs. 1t is, he says, a give-aWay party that
demonstrates an effective unity only when
dealing with transferring the country's
goods and favors from the many to the
few" And before Democratic audience
in indianapolis last Saturday, Mr.. Steven
son drew hearty ovation when he assured
them that the voters will make the sound
decision about "demagogues who rely on
defamation, deceit and double-talk."
There will, of course, be plenty of dema-
goguery in the current. campaign and it
is fair to assume that Democratic Spokes-
men will not be outdistanced by Republican
opponents on that score. Indeed, there
are few in either party who excel Mr..
Stevenson in the dictionary requirements
of one skilled "in arousing !. !. the populace
by rhetoric catchwords, cajolery, etc" !"
And as for parties divided, the titular
leader of the Democrats need look no fur
ther than his own to find discords that
have been deep and bitter for the past
several years and clearly have not yet been
reconciled to present to the American voters
this fall the simple and obvious choice Of
a Democratic Party filled with harmony
as against Republican one divided and
demoralized.
But, as Mr.. Stevenson said, an election
is "a choosing up Of sides" and 1t Is ira
ditional in American politics during CAM
paign that each side deals to a certain
degree In exaggerations or worse. Even
though defeated, the Democratic nominee
made a deep impression upon the electo-
rate in 1852. In these days when world
affairs and our policies with regard to them
are of such vital Importance it is reassur-
ing to hear Mr.. Stevenson express the hope
that may the day never come when the
things that divide us seem more important
than the things that unite u.s.
Political insiders have always contended
it was better for candidate to run scared
Driving that way in traffic could be goot
idea, too.
Evening star., 1954-09-21

conditions in the country. and, giving
the devil his due, they must have sue
ceeded in measure to have been kept
In power by the citizens SO long. :
Theodore A. Marks,
Wendmere Farm,
New Market, N. j.
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Free Trade

Henry Ware Allen in recent letter
expresses the hope that in the presi-
Dental campaign Of 1856 there will be
a political party committed to the en-
lightened principle Of free trade"
Apparently. the successful New Deal
election campaigns have convinced Mr..
Allen that any proposal which is
Evening star., 1954-09-21
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question
Of fact by writing The Evening Star Infor-
nation Bureau. 1900 Eye st. NV, Washing
ton 3. D. G. Please tnclose three t3) cents for
Evening star., 1954-09-21
| -etters to he Star ].
Pen-s1n1es may be used II lstters carry
iCTiters' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.

ants or Alsace-L Lorraine were German.
France IS afraid that Germany some
day might insist that France not only
talk about democracy but practice 1t
by giving these enslaved people their
freedom to decide which country they
prefer.
Impartial justice in Europe would
provide the basis for United States of
Europe SO strong 1t could. I believe.
easily push back the Communist tide.
Believer in Self Determination.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1954-02-09

trict.
The reception will be il. the
Masonic Temple at 8 o'clock We'd
nesday evening, February 10