davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
This and That
By Cherries {. Trocewen

caps rolling In, and chill In the air.
Looks like snow" said some one.
Everybody laughed.
Ha. ha, snow in July, who ever heard
Of such thingl
The morning of the glorious Fourth
dawned cool and dark, as cool and
dark as seashore can be on an OF
day.
And being by nature contrary soul,
young Temp Jones had to select this
morning, of all mornings. for an ex-
petition all by himself up the beach.
He set out to the end Of the board
walk. past the old st. Rose Industrial
School. then past the dreary line Of
dunes.
He wasn't long in realizing that this
was no morning for adventure.
Five miles up was the Halfway
House.
Young Temp was pretty brave to
try to walk 1t all by himself
He felt he was brave, somehow, In
the offhand way boys have. He had
not stopped to cab to any Of his
buddies; in fact. he had very few, SO
far. since the family had scarcely ar
rived at the beach.
Temp Jones. all Of years old. stepped
OF bravely from the end Of the board
walk.
Ever solitary child. he loved the
hum Of the wind from the sea, the
waving Of the tan coarse grass on the
dunes, the streak Of . steamers smoke
miles out to the east.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05

-, - :,
When Iempleton Jones was 9 small
boy. back there at tne<turn OF the CEN
fury, It showed on the Fourth OF july.
The century has been turning bus1ly
ever since, sometimes with sound and
fury, other years peacefuily enough.
put u mas never showed again on
july Z.
we trled 20 pm the oio IeiioW down.
as 10 Just Wnlcn year u was. put ne
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
oId-Foshioned Fourth

Who can remember from days gone BIZ
The thrill and the glory of Fourth of
July?t-
Torpedoes and pistols iDith bores of
caps
That went OF NTH the safest and
feeblest OF snaps:
And, boarded and dreamed of for long
days ahead,
Firecr0ckers brilliantly labeled In red,
With sticks OF brotDn punk that
snl0uldered aiDdy,
But II spnyingly bloipn on mould last
halt a day?
There tDere meetings IN toiDn NTH the
brGUe flags 1fOdt
Where the passionate speech brought
lump to the throat.
But the climGr and crotDn OF the long
days delight
Were the rockets and bombs Ultstiin0
upiDnrd at night.
Roman candles tOltose stars drifted OF
in the breeze
And ptniD1teeis that father attached to
the trees, bs
Then q plate OF Ice cream and q
summons to bed
Where Young patriots dreamed 81 Hfs's
glory ahead.
lnex Bsrsloy Kirby
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
Tragedies Of Broken Homes

The recent tragedy Of man Shoot
ing his estranged wife and accidentally
wounding an innocent 5-year-old boy
in Juvenile Court on June % Is only
one Of series Of common occurrences
throughout the Nation.
Such tragedies take place daily and
vet nothing is ever done by the courts
or by Congress to correct this appalling
situation. For the past decade the
courts have bent backward in favor Of
women in custody cases, and have de-
liberately deprived fathers Of the right
to see and have their children for more
than q few short hours at long in
tervals. while imposing stiff and all
most impossible alimony and support
judgments against them. This practice
on the part Of the courts has been
brought to the attention Of the proper
authorities in Congress and in the judi
ciary. but nothing has been done about
1t to date.
I am wondering how many more
deaths and tragedies need take place to-
arouse an Indifferent Congress and 81
lethargic judiciary to the crying need
for a change in the laws governing the
custody Of children!
Winston C. WilIoughby, d. d. s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
What the Fireworks Are All About
BY Martin S. Hayden

n LOT OF Fourth OF July orators
- are uniformed as to Just what
the fireworks are all about.
Contrary to some general Impressions,
the Fourth Is not the anniversary Of
Congress initial declaration of inde-
pendence from Great Britain.
Neither was July 4. IT'S. the date,
as so many assume, Of the signing Of
Americas revered Declaration Of Inde-
pendence.
Rather. 1t Is the holiday observance
Of the official ratification Of the full
declaration as 1t was some days later
inscribed on piece Of second-rate
parchment that. after years Of man
handling. is now enshrined, for its l78th
birthday year. In bronze, helium and
soft lights.
Actually. the birthday Of American
independence might wei have been set
as Of July 2. That was the day, in
1776. when Congress ratified at Inde-
pendence Hall the simple resolution by
which Richard Henry Lee Of Virginia
proposed separation from Britain.
Preserved in the National Archives.
along with the more famed declaration,
the Constitution and the Bill OF Rights,
the scrubbed and blot-stained resolu-
ton reads:
THE Com. Of the whole Congress to
whom was referred the resolution and
the declaration respecting independ-
ence--
Resolved: That these United Colo
mics are and Of right out to be free
and independent states; that they are
absolved from all allegiance to the
British crown and that all political
connection between them and the rule
of Great Britain is and ought to be
totally dissolved"
The preserved document notes that
the resolution was agreed to July 2.
1776, and carries the informal record
Of the congressional roll call in which
the clerk noted II States voting AYE"
no mays" and no vote at all from the
New York delegation which still await
ed instructions from home.
Then Congress began consideration
of the formal independence declaration
drafted in its essentials by Thomas
Jefferson with the help of four special
committeeman: BENJAMIN Franklin,
John Adams, Roger Sherman and Rob.
ert r. Livingston. In the late after
noon of July 4. Philadelphia church
bells rang the adoption news. That
night JefferSon's handWritten text went
to the printer and the next day copies
were distributed bearing for anthem
tication only the printed names Of John
Hancock, the president, and Charles
Thomson, secretary Of the General
Congress"
II was is DAYS later that Congress-
ordered an. engrossed copy, and it was
on August that a still unidentified
penman returned the now historic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
The Plea Of insanity

For many years the plea Of insanity
has been valid in criminal cases here If
the accused, at the time Of the crime, did
not know the difference between right and
wrong, or, If he could make this distinction
he nevertheless was subject to an irresist-
ible Impulse because of his deranged mind
Now, in the case of Monte Durham, the
Court OF Appeals has discarded these old
rules and substituted new test when in
sanity Is pleaded. In the courts words, "it
is simply that an accused is not criminally
responsible II his unlawful act was the
product Of mental disease or mental de-
feet"
The effect is to throw an additional
safeguard around the individual in keeping
with what the court regards as the adj
vances in psychiatric knowledge. Hence
forth, there will be more pleas Of insanity
and fewer convictions for crimes.
Let us see how this would work in the
case of Monte Durham. In 1945, at the age
OF II, he was dicharged from the Navy
because he was suffering from profound
personality disorder" In 1947 he was placed
on probation after stealing car. He at
tempted suicide, was sent to st. Elizabeths
Hospital, and was released after two
months. In January 1913, he went to jail
for cashing bad checks His conduct in Jail
led to lunacy hearing, and he was found
to be of unsound mind. Committed to st.
Elizabeths, he was held to be suffering from
"psychosis with psychopatlic personality"
After is months, he was discharged as
recovered" and was sent back to finish
his sentence Eleven months later he was
conditionally released, but he violated his
parole by leaving the District. He fed to
the Midwest, cashing a number Of bad
checks, and when caught was again held
for lunacy hearing. Once more, he was
found to be Of unsound mind, and in Feb
ruary, 1851, he was readmitted to st. Eliza
beths. He was discharged from the hospi-
tai for the third time in May, 1851. Two
months later he committed the crime out
Of which this appellate decision grew.
One may readily grant that the deci-
sion reversing the conviction for the July,
1851, offense and establishing the new in
sanity plea rule amply safeguards Durham
and his legal rights. If the prospect how
ever, is for another brief sojourn in st.
Elizabeths, and then fourth discharge,
there is deplorable lack of protection of
the rights of the people of Washington. The
old notion that law-abiding citizens are
entitled to protection from criminals,
whether sane or insane, seems to be as
outmoded as the right-wrong test In insan-
ity pleas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
The PicciriHis

With the death Of Orazio or Horatio
Piccirilli at 49, the story of the remarkable
family to which he belonged comes to an
end so far as the art Of sculpture is con-
cerned. Surviving relatives are not follow
ing the tradition of the tribe but have gone
into other fields of work. The founder of
the line was Giuseppe or Joseph PiccirilH,
born in Rome in 1874, Garibaldi patriot
who married lovely innkeepers daughter,
Barbara Giorgi, at Massa-C arrara, near the
famous Carrara marble QuarrieS in Tuscany,
and by her was the father of six sons and
daughter In all of whom the love Of beauty
was a dynamic power.
Giuseppe had been pupil of Stefano
Galletti, president of the celebrated Acca-
demia di San Luca, and his training under
that master must have been thorough in
deed. But the feeling for the delicate shap-
ing Of stone into forms of strength and
grace probably was his own. In any event,
he transmitted his instinct for creative
sculpture to- his boys. The result was
group achievement comparable with that
of the Bachs in music. The Piccirillis con-.
tinued the Renaissance. Inspired by the
great examples of Michelangelo and Dona-
tello, they strove to make marble live in
terms of truth and beauty. The brothers
Ferruccio, Attilio and Furie brought their
skills to America in April, 1888. They landed
at the Battery practically penniless, but
within few months established themselves
sufficiently to bring over" their parents
and Masaniello, Orazio and Getulio. The
first home Of the family was an apartment
on East Fifty-fifth street, overlooking the
East River, Manhattan. stable at Sixth
avenue and Thirty ninth street was rented
for studio.
What followed was saga OF noble ar
tistic enterprise. The Piccirillis shortly
proved that they could be trusted with even
the most important commissions. Among
the sculptors and modelers for whom they
executed marbles of distinction were Charles
Niehaus, John Quincy Ward, Olin Levi War
ner, Paul Wayland Bartlett, Frederick w.
MacMonnies and Augustus st. Gaudens.
Their collaboration In the Lincoln of the
Lincoln Memorial was generously acknowl-
edged by Daniel Chester French. The River
side Church In New York is master-work
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
Lund Of the Free

Lund Of the Free
America is the homeland born out of
hunanity's dream to be free. to obtain
equal justice under law, and so it stands
today In the sunlight, extending her
lavish hand, holding rare opportunities
and high ideals to all the world.
It was an old, old dream, this one of
liberty and equality, and it grew more
vivid as the oppression mounted, until
TITS, when it had the chance to come
true! Those pioneers who were drawn
across the ocean by the vision of new
an expectation Of q better life, brought
those ideals with them, enriching this
country thereby.
And they were willing to fight and to
die for their dreams For a man does
not dream of things that he does not
feel within him, man does not hope
for, nor does he go far away to look for
things he does not believe in: and If
any of us have forgotten what Amer
lea believed in, let's go back to those
days of the War for American Inde-
pendence. Let us think of those heroes
Of the past to whom we pay tribute to-
day. They were inspired by the ideals
Of the dignity Of man and his right to
live in freedom. and they struck blow
for liberty which inspired the freedom
loving people everywhere in the world.
and encouraged them by their victory
against great odds, to struggle for their
own independence from despotic gov
ernmentS. Thus the French revolution
erupted in 1889. the struggle OF Greece
for independence from the Ottoman
tyranny began on March Is, 1921; Mex
leo revolted against Spain and became
free In 1921. and Central America pro-
claimed its independence that same
year. This is how the Americas, Greece
and other freedom-loving countries are
closely bound together in this mutual
pursuit of freedom and happiness! Each
Of us. I'm sure has q shining dream in
America and for America, and you who
have brought noble ideals to be realized
here are enriching America, as did
those who found, after long days of
fighting, the blessed land where these
dreams can come true!
J. H. Boutwell,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
Stan Stanton.

He kicked bis brave toes in the sand.
and kept walking back and forth be-
tween the soft sand and the harder
sand where the waves now and then
washed up, sending him scampering
back again.
He had gone about miles. when
something began to happen.
At first he couldn't believe his eyes.
then he saw better.
It was showing!
Not just q few flakes, either, It was
coming down In real snowstorm
fashion.
A boys mind is not mature, it Is
true. but the small boy there on the
beach all BY himself realized that he
had better turn back.
He turned at once, and back-tracked
the best he could.
The snow didn't stick anywhere, but
while it lasted 1t was q real snowstorm.
When young Jones got back to the
end Of the boardwalk. he found an
excited delegation waiting to greet the
wanderer.
lie July SHOWSCUfm was over
shortly, but the day remained clouded,
and every one had q great deal to
talk about. except those who had
pooh-poohed the whole idea In the
first place.
Snow on the Fourth Of Julyi II
anybody tells you. dear reader, that It
Il impossible. just ten ,em that Temple
ton Jones knows better.
he Was 1ost-well. almost IN 4.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
Primary System

tsuu0Ay SyStSU -
Theoretically, the people should take
the initiative In the nomination Of q
candidate, and this can best be done
in what is known as the direct closed
primary. The more direct and primary
the nomination Of candidate for
public office, the more democratic II
is and the better for all concerned.
In the "closed primary" the Demo
Gratis are expected to confine themselves
to the nomination of their candidate or
candidates, and the Republican voters
are then limited to the Republican
primaries.
The basic principle underlying the
closed primary is that one political
party is protected from the predatory
invasion Of the other. This limitation
to the underlying principle of the
primary is based solely upon moral
honesty, but the test Of the right to
vote in primary is provided by statute
and in the rules and regulations of the
party itself-called the party plan"
It requires a declaration of party
, member in some official way, and II the
voter in the primary Is a stranger to
the party, his vote is subject to
challenge.
A primary denotes a contest for
public Office, and it is, therefore, not
an acquiescence in the election of a
person or persons perfunctorily selected
in a convention. Delegating to clique
the function to be performed by the
electorate Is pathetic display of
political self righteousness.
The Democratic Executive Committee
of Arlington County is an unindividual-
lied organization. It is the trusteeship
of the local Democratic Party. This
committee is charged with putting the
party's principles into practice. and its
members have been elected because
they individually reflect the average
sentiment of the collective membership
Of the local Democratic Party. When
ever the constituency does not criticize,
the trustee has right to feel that his
conduct has met with approval. The
Democratic Executive Committee Of
Arlington has given It's party primary
set for Tuesday, July IS, and it feels
that its awareness Of the political
rights and obligations Of others is the
very best way to insure its own.
Stan Stanton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05


One result was preserved readable
copy of the original. Another was the
further fading Of the ink 1of the
original which. by 1894, had become
so indistinct as to alarm Federal ON
Gals.
That year the Declaration. along with
the better preserved original Of the
Constitution, was wrapped and sealed
in q fiat steel box. In 1908 1t was
opened and inspected by committee
of the National Academy Of Sciences.
which recommended that forever more
the documents be SO preserved and
never exhibited.
Modern scientists did better. In 1920
they ruled that the fiat cases were not
fireproof and that, If properly protected,
the documents could be shown. From
1924 until 1852 Except for their period
Of World War II burial in the bullion
depository at Fort Knox, KY they
were displayed in the Library Of Con-
gress; since 1852 they have rested in
enshrined glory in the vaulted exhibit
hall of the National Archives Building.
North American Newspaper Alliance.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05

document (replete with two typograph-
ical errors| for signature. Two weeks
later the last Of SIS signatures were
affixed Some members of Congress
never got around to signing and some
who did sign were not accredited mem
bers on July 4, 1776. when the vote was
held.
The parchment had rough time for
the next 118 years. It was rolled and
unrolled without care. For q while
during the War Of 1912 it was hidden
in linen bag in barn in Virginia.
For IS years after 1841 it was hung in
the Patent Office in Washington and
faded by sunlight from an adjacent
window.
3. Meanwhile some copies had been
made, the most famous in 1923 when
Secretary Of State John Quincy Adams
commissioned William j. Stone, "a re-
spectacle engraver," to make facsim-
lie. Stone. it is assumed, followed the
techniques Of his time and made an
impression of the original on wet
copper plate as the tracing base for his
engraving.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
The Record on the Hill

AS congress rests briefly before plung-
Ing into the final weeks Of It's session, the
administration leadership may feel reason
ably satisfied with the legislative record TO
date. While 1t is true that some recommen-
dationS- Hawaiian statehood and Taft
Hartley Act revisions. for example appear
permanently pigeon-hole as far as the
83d Congress is concerned, there has been
steady accomplishment.
Two of the relatively dramatic fights
went well for the administration during the
past week. In the case OF the giant tax
revision bill, the victory was almost COM
plete when the Senate finished its work on
Friday night. In the case of the farm bill,
with its controversial issue of price sup
ports, there<was at least q victory in prin-
ciple as the House accepted President
EisenhoWers recommendation for flexible
supports rather than the fixed 80 per cent
support level now in effect.
The revenue bill is the product of more
than years work by administration
leaders and their technical aides. It's first
objective is to overhaul tax structure that
has not had comprehensive review and
correction in more than half-century It
was passed by the House in substantially
the form recommended by the Treasury
Department and, while extensively reWrit-
ten for technical changes, it came out OF
the Senate Finance Committee without
major changes in principle. On the Senate
floor, the bill became political football for
several days but when the Scrimmaging had
ended the only major change was modi-
fication of the relief provision on dividend
income. Several efforts Democrat and Re
publican-to increase individual exemptions
were beaten down, as were efforts to change
the corporate tax sections. The proposal
to give heads Of households full income
splitting privileges given to married tax
payerS--waS rejected, accepted and then
rejected again in the Senate This and the
dividend relief provision will be among the
substantive issues to be resolved in confer
ence.
The fight on farm legislation is not
over by any means, but the House approved
bill accepts the flexible price support theory
within range of 82h to 90 per cent OF
parity for certain basic crops. The Presi-
dent proposed IS to 80 per cent range.
The Senate Agriculture Committee already
has voted out a measure calling for contin-
uance of the fixed 90 per cent support.
Whatever the Senate finally does will be
sent to conference with the House version.
The determination shown by the admins
tration to get rid of the fixed 80 per cent
formula indicates that the flexible principle
will be accepted, even If within a limited
range.
There is still large order Of business
facing the Congress, particularly on the
Senate side, but adjournment in early Au-
gust with respectable record behind it
now looks within reach.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-05
How TO File Your Return

It is peculiarly shocking to learn that
Commissioner of Internal Revenue has
been guilty Of willful tax evasion. Joseph
D. human was the Nations number one tax
collector from March l, 1914, to June 80,
1947. Before then he had been Collector
of Internal Revenue for the Brooklyn-Long
Island District of New York. He was an
active Democrat and was appointed to
Federal office originally by the late Presi-
dent Roosevelt. He resigned during the
Truman administration and one of the
"oversights" which led to his conviction in
Brooklyn Federal Court this week was
failure to list in his 1948 income tax return
81 800 won on bet that Mr.. Truman would
win reelection that year.
The Governments case against Mr.. Nu-
nan, however, involved total sum of $780,
752 in unreported gross income and covered
the years 1916 to 1950-during Is months
Of which he was still in his top Federal tax
collecting Office. At the time Mr.. humans
resignation was accepted, President Tru-
man wrote appreciatively, "the drives which
you organized against chiselers and black
market operators brought in enormous rev.
enues from tax dodgers" testimonial
dinner here was attended by about 500
persons.
The unusual circumstances surround
ing Mr.. humans tax collecting and tax re-
porting activities received particular atten-
ton as far back as 1851 from Senator Will
liams, Delaware Republican, whose one
man campaign resulted in the uncovering
Of several unsayory tax scandals. Repre-
sentative. King, California Democrat, also
focused House interest on some Of Mr.. Nu-
mans activities including the former COM
To-
status in tax matters. after resigning his
Government post In one case, it was tes-
titled, after his resignation Mr.. Nunan re-
ceived fee of $24,985 for making "a few
telephone calls to Government officials on
behalf Of ST. Paul client.
According to evidence at his trial, Mr..
humans wife inherited comfortable sum
of money and made more by sale of some
securities Mr. humans legitimate earnings
were not insignificant In his Federal post.
But to acquire more, dishonesty Mr.. Nunan
really did more than engage In sharp prac-
ticeS and violate the laws. He betrayed the
trust Of the taxpayers especially of the
"little" oneS-that the toll exacted from
them by their Government was being coli
lected honestly and by honest men. Ger
tainly the fine type that warns each citizen
OF certain earning level that he must report
his income as required by law becomes, q
slight mockery of words ii the United States
Commissioner of Internal Revenue himself
Is not reading It, Mr.. humans case is
tragedy OF kind, not so much TO him as
to the structure Of our political society.
Writer'S who are always deploring cock
tail parties In such detail must so to q lot
Of them.