davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Union BIackIisis Market
Run by Nixon's Brother

WHITTIER. Calf, Feb. GA
food market operated by mem
bers Of Vice President Nixon's
family has become involved in a
dispute with a labor union.
This was disclosed yesterday
when an AFL butchers union
with headquarters in nearby Will
mington, announced it had
placed the, establishment, Nix
on's Complete Market, on its do
not-patronize" list. Local ssh
Of the AFL Butchers Union said
the market has refused to sign
contract covering employees.
This was disputed by Vice Pres
ident Nixon's brother, F.. Donald
Nixon. manager of the market.
He told a reporter: Il told the
organizer talk to the boys-if
they want to join a union I'll
sign a contract AS q matter of
fact, I invited a union organizer
to talk to my employees at a
breakfast meeting and the en-
ployes refused to attend.
IF the employees want a union
I'm willing to sign, but I don't
think 1 should sign a contract
against their wishes"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Living Conditions Bod

This 24-year-old, sentenced in
1852 to serve two to six years for
robbery, was the only one to say
my home" Immediately when
asked what situation made the
biggest difference in his juvenile
life. He said his father was an
alcoholic who left to his mother
the burden of raising six chill
dren. He said living conditions
in his home were so bad that it
really didn't matter what hap
pened to him as long as he was
away from home.
Because the family moved
around constantly. he only at
tended school once in a while.
AS soon as he made friends, he
complained, the family moved.
AS result, he said. most of his
friends were older and all of
them had Juvenile records.
While criticizing his father, he
acknowledged that he was a
good provider and the family was
a close-knit group. GA check of
the records revealed that none
of the other five children have
ever been in trouble. His two
sisters are happily married, one
brother is in the service and the
other two brothers are still in
School.)
When he was IL, he was sent
to the Industrial Home School
on. Wisconsin avenue for truancy.
He ran away from the institu-
ton, broke into a house, was
caught and sent to the National
Training School for boys. He
believes some affection and I'M
Outstanding could possibly have
prevented the second episode.
He left school at 16-when he
was in the eighth grade-to get
job but couldn't find one. His
third arrest as a juvenile was
for carrying concealed weapon.
Before his latest conviction, he
served three years in Lewisburg
Penitentiary for car theft and
petty larceny.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Money Just Lying Around

This 19-year-old was SEN
fenced last year to Q 9-to-27-
year term for three cases of rob-
berry. AS a child, he idolized peo-
pie who had a good time and
f1ashy clothes. He wanted money
and his mother couldn't give him
enough. His parents were sep
arated and he lived with an aunt
until he was IL and went to live
with his mother, a hospital cook.
He has not seen his father for
nine years.
At IA, he went to work in a
grocery and stole money from
the storekeeper. He blames that
first theft on temptation-"every
time turned around, the money
was lying there staring me in
the Ease. II he had put 1t away
somewhere out of sight,
wouldn't have bothered it." He
was put on a years probation.
He went to school regularly
got along fine with his teachers,
was whipped when he deserved
it. played on Fairgrounds and at
tended boys clubs.
But all his friends had Juvenile
records and I've always wanted
to be a big shot with fancy
clothes and a whole lot OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
THE ANSWERS
Lack of Parental Core

This offender, now IS. began
serving an 18-to-54-year sentence
for assault with a dangerous
weapon, assault with intent to
kill and four cases Of robbery at
the age of 10.
He believes lack of adequate
parental supervision made the
biggest difference in his child
hood. Because he was an
illegitimate child, his mother
was forced to leave him with a
grandmother while she went out
to work as domestic.
There were other children in
the house and he realized as a
child that neither the other
children nor his grandmother
fully accepted him. He said no
one paid any attention to him
50 he was practically on his own.
His mother finally took him
away and moved into an apart
ment. There he became pals
with an older boy who educated
him in crime. He believes his
meeting with the older boy was
the turning point in his life.
He had a mania for driving
ears. At Is. he was arrested for
unauthorized use of a car and
let off with a warning. His
discipline involved an occasional
slap from his mother. He had
no trouble with his teachers but
was a frequent truant. The
streets were his playground. He
knew nothing about a boys
club. He had his own gang,
always striving to be the leader.
All members of his gang had
been in trouble with police.
He said his mother did all she
could for him. She even tried
to get him a car to satisfy his
mania for driving, but he
couldn't drive the one she was
able to get and kept on stealing
them.
At this time, he was living in
O respectable neighborhood and
thinks If he had stayed in school
and associated with the boys he
knew before he met the older
fellow, and If his mania fol-
driving had been satisfied. he
would have kept out Of further
trouble.
He was arrested at least 9
dozen times as a juvenile, was
committed twice to the Indus.
trial Home School at Blue
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
By Miriom Gutenberg

What makes a juvenile de-
linquent? What can prevent him
from going on to adult crime?
The Star decided to ask some
men who should know-men Who
got in trouble as juveniles and
now. as adults. are serving long
terms for robbery.
Through trained interviewers
at Lorton Reformatory, 10 men
with juvenile records were asked,
specifically about their own ex-
periences. The squeStions were
based on factors cited most
frequently by experts as causes
Of delinquency. Men convicted
of robbery were selected because
that crine is usually planned
rather than a spontaneous act
of passion.
To the question of what one
thing in their juvenile life made
the biggest difference. the men
insisted it was a series of things.
Under further questioning, how
ever, all finally arrived at some
thing in their home. In seven
out of 10 cases. they came from
homes broken by death, desertion
or separation.
Lack of money was emphasized
In only two CASSIDY an offender
who quit high school because OF
his clothes and by one who be-
lieves nothing could have been
done to get him over his worship
of fiashy cars and fancy clothes.
Progressively Seniors.
In all cases, the second and
subsequent offenSes were more
serious than the first offense.
There was nothing in any case
to indicate that probation Of
flcers, case workers or institution
employees had made any dent in
the boys attitudes or their home
situations.
Obviously, these young Offend
ers returned to the same environ
ment with the same or worse
attitudes. The boy who ran away
because his brother beat him
returned to more beatingS and
broke probation by running away
again. The boy whose parents
spoiled him returned to the same
indulgence. The boy with the
''big shot" complex retained 1t.
School failed to interest these
boys.
Too much discipline cropped
up as often as too little discipline.
Most of them ran with a bad
crowd or at least one older boy
who knew his way around"
They could and did find jobs
as teen-agers but they usually
quit in a short time.
None of them blamed their
troubles on slums or lack OF a
place to play.
The interviews were conducted
by Wilbert Miller and Samuel
G. Lincoln. both graduate stu
dents in social work at Howard
University doing field work in
classification and counseling at
Lorton.
The accounts that follow are
not case histories but the mems
own answers to specific ques-
tions, put in narrative form.
They are Influenced by the way
the men look at their own pastSt
and what they think made the
difference in their lives.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
In Trouble for Fighting

This 38-year-old offender, now
serving 18 to 81 months for as
sault with intent to rob and petit
larceny. was in trouble from
childhood for fighting. He had
learned boxing from his father
and two cousins-all professional
fighters.
He thinks the turning point
came when he realized he could
beat any Of his friends and he
began to take advantage Of his
skill. He. thinks his parents
spoiled him. They gave him so
many clothes he used to give
some away. This over-indul-
gence was tempered by occasional
severe beatings.
At Is. the parents Of school,
mates and the teachers filed a
complaint against him for fight
ing. He was warned. During
this period he says he did not
associate with a gang because
the other boys were afraid of
him. Most of the boys he did
go around with, however, had
some juvenile record.
When he was in the sixth
grade. fighting and truancy COM
bined to have him sent to the
Industrial Home School at Blue
Plains. Blaming himself, he
says he could have avoided that
If he had learned more control
over his quick temper and box
er's fists. But he adds. it would
have helped if his parents had
been less indulgent.
He had attended a boys club
regularly and was a boxing in
structor at one Of them before
he was 10. But he was in trouble
three or four times as a juvenile
and his adult record shows more
than a dozen arrests before his
1852 felony conviction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
A Broken Home

This 19-year-old. sentenced
last year to serve 8 to "a years
for two cases of robbery, traces
his troubles to a broken home
with q drunken mother.
His mother and father sepa-
rated early in his life and he
lived with an aunt and uncle.
He went to school regularly. at
tended a boys club and used the
Fairgrounds. He ran with a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

money" He doesn't believe any
thing could have helped him.
At Is, he thought a change Of
scenery would be a good idea so
he ran away. He considers that
the turning point in his life. At
II. he was sent to the National
Training School for housebreak-
ing. The robbery conviction was
his first adult offense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Too Strict Discipline

This 19-year-old, sentenced
last year to serve 3 to Is years
on charges of robbery and
carrying a dangerous weapon.
blames the strict discipline Of
his parents for his troubles.
He reasons this way:
His father. plumber. wouldn't
allow the children to remain
outdoors even during the sum-
mer past 6 pm. while other
neighborhood children played
outside as late as 8 or 8 pm.
AS q result. he frequently slipped
out. He figures If he had been
allowed to stay out until a rea-
sonable hour. he probably would
not have got involved with the
older group found on the streets
after hours.
At IL, he met q 17-year-old
who knew his way around" and
started educating him. This
friend didn't have to attend
school and would loiter around
the school grounds until he and
the friend wandered off together.
At that time, he said. a gang
of teen-agers was beating up
and shaking down" the younger
school children and he was
afraid to go to school. At Is; the
school brought him into Juve-
nile Court for truancy and he
vas sent to the Industrial Home
School at Blue Plains for a year.
His second offense was house
breaking. He said his parents
always seemed tired and paid
all their attention to the young
est sister.
He believes if they had showed
him more attention and given
him fewer whippings. he wouldn't
have gone astray a second time.
CHS record shows a sincere in
terest on the part of both par
entS.(
He quit school at Is and got
a job as drug store porter. He
committed one more offense as
a Observation-Disclosures theft. The
armed robbery was his first adult
offerse.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

Plains and once to the National
Training School. At l6. he was
sent to Lorton for jewel theft.
He has never had a job-never
tried to get one. Since his con-
viction to Lorton at 10. he has
taken every academic course
and worked in every department.
He now thinks he has learned
something,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

transferred to the reformatory
at Chillicothe.
He believes this was the turn
ing point In his life since he was
exposed at Chillicothe to older,
hardened criminals. AS an adult,
he was arrested twice for petty
larceny before his conviction for
robbery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Summary Of Answers Given
By Prisoners to Star Questions

Mother.
Aunt and uncle.
Aunt.
Elderly woman.
Brother.
8. How much discipline did
you get at home?
When he deserved it,.
Severely when necessary-1.
Occasionally slapped.
Often beaten by uncle.
Severely by BROTHER.
Ovr-indulgent but occasional
severe beatings-1.
Not much.
Zone answered by saying par
ents were dead)
9. Did you have enough to eat
and wear?
Yes.
Mo-.
10. How did you get along
with your teachers?
Good. satisfactory or no trou-
ble-8.
Liked teachers but they OBJ
jected to his fighting-l.
Teachers picked on him.
IL. Did you attend school
regularly?
Yes-2.
Mo-.
IL. Where did you play?
Playground and street,.
Playground-2.
Street,.
Lott.
Is. Did you belong to q boys
club?
Yes.
No-5.
IA. Were you alone . lot or
with q gang?
Gang.
Alone-3.
Is. Had any Of the friends you
associated with been in trouble?
Some or all Of them-6.
Mo-.
Is. At what age did you leave
school?
1876.
15-2.
10-1.
Age not given but quit in 9th
grade-1.
II. Did you get . Job before
you were Is?
Yes-8.
Tried but couldn't.
Never tried.
Is. How many times did you
get into trouble as . juvenile?
Three times.
At least dozen times.
Five or six times-1.
Once-l.
19. Is the offense for which
you are now serving time, your
first offenSe as an adult?
YeS-0.
Mo-,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
He Wanted to BELONG

This 20-year-old. now serving
3 to 10 years for robbery.
wanted to be one of the boys.
Older boys. he said. not only in
fluenced his behavior but taught
him to steal. But basically. he
hated his home.
He never knew his father and
his mother died when he was a
child. He was raised by an uncle
who. he said. twas over strict
and abusive. and an aunt who
showed no interest in him.
He believes the turning point
came in his life when he was
IL years old. 1t was then he
began staying out nights as late
as 2 am. because he hated to
go into his uncle's home. While
on these expeditions he was
usually with three or four boys
with juvenile records.
His first trouble with authors
ties came when he was IL and
was sent to Juvenile Court for
truancy and fighting in school.
He went to the Industrial Home
School at Blue Plains.
He thinks he wouldn't have
gotten into trouble again II he
had had the kind of home he
wanted to stay in, but again he
was staying out late at night.
In any case, he broke into q
freight car. He said this offense
and the ones that followed
bicycle theft. pilfering from
stores and yoke robbery-were
not for money but just to be
doing something with his friends
during the night.
When he was II. he got q job
as stock boy in a department
store but he quit in three weeks.
His robbery conviction last year
was his first as an adult.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
North CoroIinu Indian
Wins Medal of Honor
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

A North Carolina Indian has
been awarded the Congressional
Medal of Honor for smothering
a grenade explosion and saving
two comrades in Korea at the
cost of his own life.
He was Pfc. Charles George,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Jacob
George of Whittier, N. c., a
rifleman in the 10th Regiment,
45th Division.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

he was Is but quit after six
months. He believes II his
brother had been kinder he
wouldn't have gotten into trou-
BILE. The conviction last year
was his first felony as an adult.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Shoe Output Rises

World shoe output now is esti-
mated at 1.3 billion pairs. in
contrast to 896 million pairs in
1880 and a billion pairs in 1910,
Paris reports.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

Here, in condensed form, are
the questions posed by The Star
and the answers by 10 convicted
robbers at Lorton Reformatory:
1. What one thing in your
childhood do you think made the
biggest difference betwee n
whether you stayed out Of trOu-
bic or spent a good part Of your
life in Jail?
Drunken father-1.
Fighting ability.
Lack of money!.
Strict parental discipline.
Exposure to hardened GRIM
inalS-1.
Brothers cruel beatings-1.
Desire to be a big shot.
Mania for driving carS-1.
Association with older boys-1.
Drunken mother.
2. Was the turning point in
your juvenile life before or after
you first got into trouble?
Before.
After-3.
Those who said it was after
they first got into trouble at
tributed it to Cd exposure to
older offenders at a reformatory;
co deciding to run away from
home and (3). lack of guidance
to Straighten him out.
3. How old were you when you
first got into trouble?
Between 8 and 8 years..
IL years..
Is years..
IA years..
IT years..
4. What was the offense?
Truancy-3.
Theft.
Unauthorized use Of a carl.
Running away from home-1.
Robbery.
Fighting.
Dissertation Of the flag.
5. What happened to you?
Warnings.
Put on probation-2.
Sent to Industrial H m e
School,.
Sent to National Training
SCHOOL,.
6. Why do you think you got
in trouble the first time?
Always wanted to fight.
Temptation-1.
Young and just didn't under
stand-1.
Broken home-1.
Mania for carS-1.
Skipping SCHOOL,.
Family constantly on the
move-1.
Best friend led him astray-1.
Fear of going home-1.
Needed money!.
I. With whom were you liv-
ing?
Both PARENTS.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-06-16
zAP|S NIX
Sjednce Financanog Odbora HBZ odrzane g. juna 1854

Sjednce Financijanog odrzane g. juna 1854
Glavni predsj sjednik " l. Mandich sedncu pri-
susvu svh canova Fnancanog Odbora osm brata Ovcaa
koj je izvan grada ~ 5s- sa99s3a s.f aib
Gavni bagank brat Krasich podnasa jedece izvsce
28mog maa ispat prize narucene Massachusetts Turn
pike bondove Ia gavnu zakadu kup so bondova pla-
till iste svou cd $5O12375 ukucuuc narase kamae Ia
zakladu Pomadka kupi 20 bondova se ispati
svotu cd $20,049.50, ukljucujuci narasle kamate.
Ma una ispati prize narucene Government of
Canada 81 Bonds IS bondova splal il gavne zakla
de njh platil S7425000 IL zaklade Pemladka
platli "a bondova iznosu cd $7920.00
Jucer plat prize narucene California Electric Power
Company First Mortgage Bonds 3 Due May l. 1884, Ia
gavncu splat $780, 475O0 narasle kamate $1445 ill
ukupno $5O61945 Owl bondov splacen gavne zaklade
Nadaje mogu izvjest, da smo bill stanu dobti IS
bondova washington Suburban San Dist Maryland 3 dated
June 1954 35 bondova dozeva l. juna 1882 10
dova 1. juna 1883. Racun do danas nsmo primii.
Posto ondu Djecjeg Donna dovolno gotovine to
proda gavnoj zakad $4,000 United States Treasury 2,
due March 49, 197065 Sa narasm kamatma gana zalada
je platia Djecjem Domu $10,05435 bondove
Ivjestaj glavnog baganika prma Zam e brat bagaj
mix podno nekoko prepouka kupnu nov bondova omah
poduzeo mjere da dobije Ali posto bondovi bill
prodan preporuke predloz istih bondova
padaju.
Time e dnevn red iscren glavni predsjednik die
sjednicu
Joseph Bella, glavni tajnik.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-06-16
STANKO GRDJAN

Pittsburgh, Pa. = Drustvo "Sve-
ii Nikola", odsjek broj PIP HBz.
ovime javlja zalosnu West svemu
clanstvu prijateljima, da smo u
kratko vrijeme il nasih redova sa
smrcu izgobili .tri slijedeca clana:
Prvi je brat Stanko Grdjan, ko-
il je nakon duze bolesti preminuo
bolnici dana 20. decembra 1858.
Pokojnik je bio rodjen godine
1888. u staroj domovini. Pristupio
je prema rekordima nasih odsjec-
nih knjiga u Hrvatsku Bratsku
Zaiednicu ma 21. oktobra 1906. Bio
je jedan izmedju najstarijih cla-
nova naseg odsjeka, kojem je OBJ
nasao razne odbornicke casti dok
ga je zdravlje bolje sluzilo. Njego-
va supruga Maria je umrla pred
6 godina, pa cd toga vremena i
njegovo zdravlje je islo ma gore.
LA sebe je ostavio jednog brata
j dvije sestre, kao sest pastora-
ka cd Kratofil familije.
Sprovod Sc je obavio ma 2. janu-
ara 1854, pokopan je ma Loret-
ia Groblju.
Neka je pokojnom bratu Stanku
Grdjan lahka gruda zemlje u ko-
joj vec pociva, a njegovim milim
dragima izrazavamo nase iskre-
no saucesce.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-06-16

MAJ koje ste meni pruzili, te
s time ublazili boil, patnje i do
sadno vrijeme, koje sam probo-
ravio ovdje u Sanatoriumu.
Lijepo kaze mas hrvatski ma
rod, da sam kroz to vrijeme bio
negdje "a. gotta, bilo bi toga
previse dosta, ali podnasati boil,
patnje i dosadno vrijeme, sto
jadnome bolesniku najvise do
sadjuje, koji je voljan rada
privrede, te u potrebi druge po-
mo:i u nevolji bijedi.
Istina je, Sanatoirum je jed
ma plemenita ustanova, koju uz-
drzavaju porezovnici, "a jadne
nevoljne bolesnike, ali ne bi ze-
lilo nj svome najvecem neprija-
telju, da podnasa boil patnje,
jer bi to bio najveci kriz kriznog
puta pokore. Ali kad Provid-
most Bozja pripusta pojedinim
osobama, da to podnose, to Sc
pripusta pokore radi, da Sc isku-
savaju u ustrajnosti, sto Sc pri-
pusta "a njihovo spasenje dusa.
Blago onima, koji to razumiju j
cd srca ustrpljivo prihvacaju, IL
straju j napokon pobjedjuju, sto
nam je PRIMER Isus Krist.
JOS jednom vam svima hvala
i cd Boga plaza, te YAM zelim
vasu ljubav plemenitost ma ko-
il drugi nacin uzvratiti, a napose
umoliti Bogu, da vam udijeli
dobro zdravlje obilje blago-
slova.
Pozdrav svima dobre zelje
cd vaseg,
Ferdinanda Pintur
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-06-16

nike bastinika. Iii, ako sc
takvog bastinika ne m o Z
pronaci, onda Sc isplata O.
smrtnine zadrzava tako du.
60, dok sc bastinika, iii bas-
tinicu pronadje.
Ako vam nije poznata toe
ma godina rodjenja umrlog
clana iii clanice, molimo vas
da o tomu ne nagadjate, jer
to moze dovesti do snizava.
MIA trazbine, ako sc o tomu
ne moze naknadno dobiti va.
ljane dokaze.
Preporucujemo svima cd.
sjecnim tajnicima i nasem
clanstvu, da owe obavijest!
sto pozornije procitaju i pre-.
ma NINA Sc vladaju, jer je.
dino ma tai nacin moci ceme
pospjesiti isplacivanje trazbi'
ma "a osmrtnine.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-06-16
JAVNA ZAHVALA

Welland, Ont, Can. Ovime
Sc najiskrenije sa tuznim srcem
boil dust zahvaljujemo nasoj rod.
bini, susjedima prijateljima ov.
die U. S. A., tako isto i ku.
movima, a posebno kumi Krizan-
cit, koja je dosla il Cooksville
tjesila mas u nasoj velikoj tuzi
zalosti ostala kod mas "a tjedan
dana.
Lijepa hvala svima onima koji
SUI dosli posjetiti mrtvo tijelo, te
svima onima koji su polozili broj-
ne whence ma odar i darovali "a
svete mise, onako brojno prisus.
tvovali sprovodu naseg dragog
nikada zaboravnog supruga, oca
i djeda = Janka Jagatica.
Hvala clanovima odsjeka 617
HBZ. i organizaciji HISS, kao
clanicama kluba Hrvatska zena,
koji su mnogo truda ulozili Gu
vail naseg dragog pokojnika, da
nije niti jednog casa bio sam u
odsjecnom domu. Lijepa hvala Sc
strama koje su ulozile mnogo tru-
da i dvorile one clanove, koji su
cuvali pokojnika "a duge dvije no.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-06-16
Jayna zahyaIa i
Uqodna obaviest

Nize potpisani, ovime obavjes-
cujem ujedno Sc javno zahva-
ljujem swim mojim rodjacima,
braci, prijateljima i napose do
brosiniteljima, da nakon cetiri
godine devet mjeseci, uz mi
lost pomoc Bozju, napustam O.
WI plemenitu ustanovu Sanato-
rum, te polazim u moju bivsu
postojbinu = sault Ste. Marie,
Ontario, Canada. \
Da, draga brace, rodjaci, pri-
jatelji dobrocinitelji, ovime Sc
cd svega srca iskerno zahvalju-
jem ma posjeti, utjesljivim pi-
smima, a napose vasim plemeni-
tim djelima milosrdja (darovi-