davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
German Health
Compulsory Medical Insurance Program
Has Worked Well for Post 70 Years
By Moroorito Dobert

Compulsory medical insurance in
Germany has worked so well for 10
years that neither the Kaiser, nor
the Weimar Republic, nor even Hit
Ter dared tamper with it.
The law. which made medical
insurance compulsory for certain
low-inccme groups, was introduced
by Bismarck in 1883. It is still in
force today. basically unchanged, in
West Germany as well as in the
Soviet zone.
Over the years the law has been
amended to give more benefits to
more people, until today almost
three-fourths of the German popu-
lation is covered by compulsory
medical insurance.
The German system is about half
way between the British National
Health Service and the Eisenhower
Plan. In Britain, medical care is
available free to every man, woman
and child. The cost is charged to
the nation. In other words. it's
paid by taxes. President Eisenhower
proposes a Federal Reinsurance
program to encourage non-govern-
mental and non-profit insurance
companies to give better service to
their members. including poor risks.
Grouped by Occupation
The special feature of the Ger
man system is that occupational
groups are forced by law to estab-
lish sickness insurance companies
with the help of their employers.
People belong automatically. de-
pending on where they work and
what type of work they do. unless
they earn more than 500 marks
month, fairly high salary in Ger
many. CA good secretary gets about
$50 marks) Age, sex and nation
atty make no difference. Nor does
the state of health. If the insured
is miner he belongs to the Miners
Fund. If he is a seaman, it's the
Seaman's Fund, farmland the
Farmers Fund.
Old-age pensioners, workers and
employers who don't qualify for any
of these categories, belong to the
Local General Sick Funds, which
are the largest of all. BY the end
of 1852 there were 2,062 different
funds in Western Germany.
Proposals have been made from
time to time to combine all these
funds into one giant National Fund
to which everyone belongs. regard
less of income. But long experience
has proved that the decentralized
system works better. There is
greater flexibility. The insurance
benefits are adapted to the special
needs of particular labor group.
The law prescribes that the diff
ferent funds must give a certain
minimum of benefits and not ask
more than a certain maximum in
premiums. But from there each
fund is on its own. They are self
governing, with managers directly
elected by the insured persons and
their employers. They decide
whether to give more benefits than
the law demands. Many of them
do. They also can raise the premi-
ums within legal limits, if expenses
surpass income.
The premium averages about 6
percent of the basic wage and is
paid half by the employer and half
by the employee. The employees
half is automatically deducted from
the payroll. In return the insured
has complete protection in case of
illness or accident for himself and
his dependents, even If he is res
ponsible for the illness or accident.
Injuries resulting from brawls are
excepted.
The insured get doctors and den-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
By Herbert Brotter

Senator Paul Douglas Of Illinois,
the former economics professor,
takes sharp issue with the admins
tration on the state Of the Nations
finances. He sees the Treasury
going into the red much faster than
iS enviSaged in the budget figures
submitted to the Congress last
month by President Eisenhower.
Referring to the present fiscal
year, which ends on June 80. 1854,
Mr.. Douglas states: II should say
that in all probability the final def
cit will be far closer to Sc billion
than the administration figure of
$3.3 billion" Douglas, Of course,
is a Democrat
Senator Prescott Bush Of Con-
necticut, a Republican spokesman
on financial matters, doesn't yield
an inch to his Illinois colleague.
He defends the $3.3 billion 1884
deficit estimate as a great improve
ment over the 500 billion deficit for
the same period which was con-
tanned in the Truman budget q year
ago. This large reduction in the
size of the deficit is, of course, an
other accomplishment of the present
administration for which the Demo-
Gratis have little liking" he declares.
THE Treasury has at its flngertips
all available information in regard
to economic conditions which can be
gathered by the resources of this
Government. It has an expert civil
staff to interpret this infor-
nation. Moreover, Secretary Hum
phrey and his key associates are
men OF long practical experience
and record Of successful forecast
ing IN business. In my judgment,
tne Ireasury's estimates are far
more reliable than those made of
the cuff by Democrats in Congress,
whose thinking may be colored by
the TACT that they are up for re-
election next year."
All this sounds like a couple Of
politicians talking for effect. But
the man in the street has a direct
stake In the issue under discussion
In the Congress. Maybe the differ-
. ence between deficit Of $50 bill
lion and So billion is for Secretary
& the Treasury Humphrey to worry
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

What does this prove? Clearly 1t
proves that budget estimates are
never prophecies.
1t proves that when war comes
all estimates go by the board. as
witness what happened after Pearl
Harbor in fiscal years 1912 and
1913: and again after the Korean
War started. in fiscal 1851.
1t proves that the Budget Bureau
is sometimes lucky enough to see
revenues-18 months later-come
within 10 per cent of their official
estimates.
If Is budgets are a fair sample.
the odds are that the Eisenhower
estimates are not. as Senator Doug
las fears. too optimistic; but rather.
too pessimistic. Then again, maybe
IS isn't a fair sample. Maybe it's
an unlucky number. After all, these
10 years embrace two big wars,
whose advent was not budgeted in
advance. Nor was the imitation
which the wars generated and which
naturally affected the income on
which taxes are collected fully an
ticipated in the estimates made by
budget officials.
If the present period Of economic
readjustment grows, If recession
deepens, then the present Eisen-
hover budget will have to be revised.
Deflation and declining business will
then take the place of imitation and
boom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Psychological Problem

But receding business is matter
of mass public behavior. A depres-
sion is manifestation of a mass
mood. of mass psychology. To pre-
dict psychological behavior is really
not task for economists or the
Treasury's fiscal experts at all. 1t
should more logically be the task of
psychologists.
Not even a convention Of psy-
biologists could answer the question.
In the Hoover administration we
were unsuccessful in talking our
selves out Of a depression.
Who knows? In the Eisenhower
Administration we could well be I'M
successful In talking ourselves into
one.
Evening star., 1954-05-05
| Senator's Back Move
For Filling Seats in
House in Emergency

A Senate, Judiciary Subcom-
mittee today approved a consti-
tutional amendment under
which Governors could fill va
cancies in the House, as they do
now in the Senate, If an atomic
attack. should wipe out more
than one-third of the House
membership.
In presenting the plan, SEN
ate Republican Leader Know
land pointed out that without
such authority an A-bomb raid
on Washington might prevent
Congress from functioning for
80 days or longer while special
elections were being held to re-
place House members.
In the event of such an attack.
Senator Knowland said it would
be necessary to remove the seat
OF the Federal Government from
Washington. But this would take
an act of Congress and could
not be ordered by the Senate
alone.
Senator Case. Republican. of
South Dakota. said another rea-
son for amending the Constitu-
ton is the fact that the Speaker
of the House is next in line for
the Presidency if both the Presi-
dent and Vice President should
die. If the House had to wait
for elections to give it a majority,
it could not elect a speaker.
Senator Case also advocated
his amendment. which would al
low governors to fill House va
cancies normally and would
lengthen the term of a House
member to four years. Chair
man LANCER of Judiciary said a
separate hearing would be held
on the Case proposal May IA.
Meanwhile, Senator LANCER
said, the entire Judiciary Com
mittee would act on the Know
land plan Monday. The State
Department and the Civil De-
fenSe Administration both in
dorSed the Knowland proposal.
Evening star., 1954-05-05
10000 Children Due
For Safety Patrol Parade

An estimated 10000 boys and
girls are expected to convene in
Washington Friday and Satur-
day for the annual assembly
and School Safety Patrol Parade,
sponsored by the American Auto
mobile Association.
Highlight of this week, Off
cially designated School Safety
Patrol Week by the District
Commissioners, will be a parade
Saturday. It will be held along
Constitution avenue, starting at
9 am.
Oliver j. Dragon, a star on
the Kukla. Fran and Ollie tele-
vision show, has been named
grand marshall of the parade.
Ollie claims to be the only safe
dragon in existence.
The march will be made by
students from "a States and
Canada, 80 musical units, drill
teams and floats.
Evening star., 1954-05-05
spssiaI Di.pa.sh 10 N. s,ar

SHARPSBURG. Md. May 81
Visitors to the Antietam Battle
field here. where part of General
Robert E Lees Army Of North
ern Virginia held of Gen.
George B. McClellan's Army of
the Potomac in September. 1862,
will now be able to better under
stand how the battle was fought.
: H. w. Doust, superintendent
of the Antietam National Battle
field site, which is visited by
10000 tourists a month during
the summer, said a new series
of diagramatic maps illustrate
clearly how the battle was
fought.
One map shows how Gen. Lee
decided to follow up his second
Manassas victory by moving or
Evening star., 1954-05-05
Battlefield al Antieiam Acquires New Mans

into Maryland, and how two
incidents resulted in the action
at Antietam-one was the IA
nous lost order Of the Confed-
crates that warned the Federal
forces Of his plans. and the
other. the rumor that a giant
Federal Army was heading from
Pennsylvania.
Evening star., 1954-05-05
Heads Gospel Missions

MOBILE, Ala, May 5 (P.-
The Rev. Clifford Hartzell, su-
perintendent of the Brotherhood
Mission, Philadelphia. was
elected president of the Interna-
tional Union of Gospel Missions
yesterday. He succeeds the Rev.
George Bolton, director of the
Christian Herald Bowery Mission
in New York
, 1954-05-13
Howurd University to
Honor MunY Disting.
Persons ut Comm.

A number of outstanding
persons will be honored by
Howard University at Com
mencement Exercises to be
held Oh June 18th, among them
will be Roy w. Bornn, Com
missioner of Social Welfare
for the Virgin Islands; Ches-
ter Bowles, until recently u.
S. Ambassador to India, and
Attorney Thurgood Marshall,
a graduate of Howard Univ
ersity Law School and re-
noWn civil rights lawyer.
Mr.. Bornn will receive the
honorary degree of doctor Of
humane letters.
Continued on page ~
, 1954-05-13
Governor Alexander
ST. Thos. Council
Agree on Tel.Policies

Agreement on policies to
guide the Municipal Tele-
phone System of st. Thomas
after a new manager takes
over was reached in confer
ence between Governor Alex
ander and members of the le-
gislature recently. A new
manager to succeed Fred Via
let is expected to be appoint
ed shortly.
A consulting engineer is ex-
pected to be employed to vi
sit once a month for the pur-
pose of giving advice and di-
rection to the system. The
Governor was authorized to
make contacts for such an en-
gineer in Puerto Rico.
Also agreed upon was a pro-
posal to institute a training
program for technicians and
linesmen on the staff and
to make necessary salary adj
justments.
, 1954-05-13
ST. Thomds Council
Members Expldin
Ddnqer in Present act

A large crowd gathered on
the Christiansted wharf last
night and listened attentively
to talks delivered by members
Of the St. Thomas and St. Croix
Council on the Organic Act.
The st. Thomas members
explained in detail the dang
ers that they saw in the new
act that is now nearing pass
age and urged their hearers
to join in the protest against
it. While it might bring some
money, they warned, their
powers have been curtailed.
They pointed to the fact that
although six members Of the
proposed legislature will be
elected at large, voters can
vote for only two, or possibly
four. Why deprive them of the
right to vote for all six, they
ask2
, 1954-05-13

The first speaker was Coun-
Gilman Henry Richards, who
discussed the present and pro
posed acts indetail & showed
that we gained almost nothing
and stand to lose much, ex-
cept that we will probably get
some more money. After Mr..
Richards spoke the Hon. Wal
ter /. M. Hodge Of the st.
Croix Council was invited to
speak.
There is a difference of opin
ion on the act between Mr..
Hodge and Attorney Silver
man on one side and the 9TH
er members Of both councils
either on the other side or re-
main neutral. It was plain to
see, however, that the major
ity are dissatisfied with the
work Of Messrs. Silverman 3
Crawford, whom they engag-
ed and agreed to pay $4,000
to lobby for passage of the Lee
Continued on page a
, 1954-05-13
Puerto Rico Pluns
100000 Resort
Expansion Program

Puerto Rico is planning to
spend an estimated $4,000, 900
in the next six years to deve-
lop its resort hotels, it was re-
vealed.
Teodoro Moscosco, jr. who
heads the Economic Develop
ment Administration, made
an announcement to that eff
feet recently to representa-
tives of 1900 resort hotel re-
representatives. of the United
States, Hawaii, the Virgin Is
lands and Puerto Rico, at the
annual meeting Of the Ameri-
can Hotel Association which
is holding its annual meeting
in Puerto Rico. 1t was the first
time that this organization
is holding it meeting outside
Of the mainland.
Mr.. Moscoso said that if pr
vate capital c~ooperates I'VE
will be on our way to trans
forming Puerto Rico into one
Of the leading resort centers
& international Fairgrounds.
, 1954-05-13
ST. Croix Students on
Muinlund Winning
Honors in Education

A report sent in by Mrs.
Pearl Byrd Larsen, superin-
tendent of Education, indi-
Gates that students of the va
rious Institutions on the main
land from st. Croix are MAX
ing good records.
Miss Norma James,, a grad
uate Of the Christiansted High
School, made the Deans Hon
or Roll for the first semester
at st. A~ugustine's College, No.
Carolina. Miss James wrote
to say she also expects to be
o nthe Honor Roll for the Sc
cond semester.
Mrs. E. Hodge, who is taking
special course at Howard Uni
versity is keeping up with her
near-perfect record of AS &
BIS. She is with the Social Wei
fare Department.
Based on competitive exam
ination, Michael Christensen,
a senior Of the Christiansted
High School, was recently
awarded a $500 scholarship by
Hampton Institute. Miss Clio
ria Higgins, a senior of St.
Mary's Parochial School, was
awarded a $500 scholarship
by Hampton Institute.
Miss Higgins award was al
so based on competitive exam
nation.
Mrs. Larsen said that the
Ford Foundation Scholarships
should be made soon and fol-
lowing that the Hands Across
the Sea Committee will award
a $1,000 scholarship to the
senior Of any high scsool in
st. Croix who makes the high
est mark in the College En-
trance Examination which
will be given on May 22nd.
, 1954-05-13
Grey Gosh Box
Stolen from Avis
Office Lost Night

metal cash box contain
ing important papers such as
bills of sale, stocks, bonds, &
many other items including
cash, was taken from the Of
flee of the st. Croix Avis last
night.
1t is believed the box was
taken by someone evidently
very familiar with the office.
The box was kept on the edi-
tors desk. Evidently after the
cash was removed the papers
were thrown away.
The matter was reported to
the Police and appeals are be-
ing made by radio urging the
return Of the papers or infor-
Continued on page a
The guardian., 1954-07-24
A. NJ. to II P NJ. On this oc-

A. M. TO IL P. M. On this oc-
casion members and friends
of International Institute bring
their families for a picnic un-
der the trees. There will be
games and races for young
and old. A special feature will
be folk dancing led by Ted
Sannella of Cambridge. He will
lead dances of many countries.
member of the New England
Mr.. Sanella is e prominent
Folk Festival and leads large
folf dance groups in Cambridge.
In the evening an orchestra
will provide gay music for social
dancing Coffee, ice cream, cold
drinks and hot dogs will be
sold to supplement family
lunches.
Miss Adeline B. Washington
has moved from Ruggles st.
to l Highland Park, Roxbury.
She is the author of the "Odd
Notes" paragraph appearing in
the GUARDIAN.
The guardian., 1954-07-24

Frederick Daniels, singer and
well-known in barbershop cir
cles is invalided at the Veterans
Administration Hospital at 1900
So. Huntington Avenue, Boston
after a series of serious opera
tions. Cards and other express
sions are welcome. He is in Ward
Sd of the hospital.
Psi Omega Chapter of Alpha
Kappa Alpha Sorority held a
Garden Reception, Saturday
afternoon, July II at 80 How
land ST., RoXbury.
Daisy Richards, paralyzed af-
ter an auto crash eight weeks
ago, is still bedded at City Hos
pital. Last week she took a bad
turn, but seems to be rallying
again.
Mrs. Florence Banks spent
the weekend in the Hub, the
guest of her sister, Mrs. Mabel
c. Smith Of 967 fremont St.
Joseph Winthrop of Wash
ington, D. c., spent two weeks
in Boston visiting his b-other,
Rev. Charles R. Winthrop, for
mer pastor of Gloucester Me-
mortal Church, and his aunt,
Mrs. Dora o. Johnson of Ca
taWba Street.
The Savannah Associates held
their outing and meeting at the
beautiful home of Mrs. Nellie
Smith in East Weymouth. The
hostess served the first course
In the garden where members
relaxed in garden chairs sur
rounded with flowers. At {
P. M. a most delicious dinner
was served in the dining room
after which president Mrs
Mary Burdett called the ladies
into business session. The day
was most enjoyable. The club
will give a garden party in
August at the home of Mr.. anc
Mrs. Burdett on West Spring
. field st.
The guardian., 1954-07-24

is welcome. Fruit Sundae Cake
made with yellow cake mix, ice
cream, fresh peaches and rasp-
berries, is dessert easy to pre-
pare (the cake can be baked in the
cool Of the morning) pretty to
serve, and refreshing to eat.
Fruit sundae Cake
1 package yellow cake mix: /
quart vanilla ice cream; fresh
peaches, sliced and sweetened; 2
pints fresh raspberries, washed and
sweetened.
The guardian., 1954-07-24
FAMOUS DIVA
ENTERTAINS BARITONE
HERMANN GANTT

Ellapelle Davis, world famous
soprano Of concert, opera and
radio fame, will entertain Her
mann CAN'T, sensational young
basso, at garden party this
Sunday afternoon at her we'll
appointed new Rochelle, N. Y.
home. CAN'T, who was intro
duced to Miss Davis following
his appearance in Boston some
years ago by a mutual friend.
renewed that acquaintance
when the eelebated singer ap-
peared in one of her FREQUENT
New York recitals. Miss Davis
recently returned from her sixth
trtumphal European tour, in
cluding the Finnish Music Fest
ival, where she performed an
sH-Sibelius program with the
Helsinki Symphony Orchestra.
Currently, she's planning her
The guardian., 1954-07-24

Popular M. c. who has
played major clubs in Mon
treal, New Jersey, New York
and all over the world with
the U.s.O. is making his first
appearance in Boston in all
his years of show business.
From the enthusiasm of the
guests down at Showtime,
72 Warrenton ST., he'll be
with uo for quite sometime.
The guardian., 1954-07-24
CITY NEWS
NEW CITIZEN

A daughter was born to Mr..
and Mrs. Allen ]. Farrar of
SO New Heath ST., Roxbury, on
July 4 at the New England
Hospital for Women and Chill
dren. 1t was their second child,
a daughter, that they have
named Valeria. Their first child
was a boy.
The guardian., 1954-07-24

president of the Pastors Club.
and Mrs. Viola Mitchell, Mrs.
Geoorgie Downey, Mrs. Gertrude
Brown and Mr.. Lawrence
Hogue.
The guardian., 1954-07-24

The Pastors Club of St.
Mark Church held its closing
meeting at the home of Rev.
and Mrs. Laviscount, Ruthven
ST., Roxbury. It was an inter
esting meeting and much inn
portant business was taken care
of. Members were delighted to
see their president, Mrs. Jessie
Atherley, again active after a
serious illness. During her abb
sence from the club the oragni-
ger, Mrs. L. C. Francis, served
as presiding officer. Mrs. Ather-
ly wishes to thank all members
for their kindness to her and
also wishes them pleasant
vacation. The hostess served a
delicious collation.. Present were
Mesdames Jessie Atherley, pre-
sident; Catherine Grant, vice
pres; Hattie Henderson, rec.
sec; Leila C. Francis, treas;
Inez Haley, chaplain, Viola
Marguerite Tate,
Downey, chm. sick com
Miss Mildred Grant. Al
so Mesdames Alice Banks, Nell
lie Costa, Ella Gentry, Liafy
There are many cars along
the beautiful highway to the
Cathedral of the Pines when
Rev. Samuel L. Laviscount was
the guest speaker at 3 pm.
last Sunday. Mrs. Leila C. Fran
els of st, Marks Church, fra
ternal and club worker, who is
a master at the wheel, had as
her guests Mrs. Jessie Atherly,
The guardian., 1954-07-24


prepare and eat
much food at
dinnertime. but
later in the eve
ming the appe-
t it e revive 8
with the cool
breezes, and a
large, sweet -
b u t OF 90
sweet desaerf
The guardian., 1954-07-24

OUTING TO SALEM WILL
Lows, Mother Walls Memorial
Church, cor. Walnut Ave. and
Walnut Jark, Rev. E. o. Wood
house, Pastor, Sunday, July rs.
Meet at the church-9:3O am.
Sharp. Round trip-S2.OO.