davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Constontine BroWn-- -
Sovietizotion Of Latin America
Anti-Anercon Pro-Russion Coalition South Of Border
Not Fontostic, in View Of Guotemo!on Development

top-ranking Red agitators had
the freedom Of the land be-
cause they were our "allies."
!. It was in the late 40s that
the plot. to create q strong
pro-Soviet union in Americas
back yard took definite shape.
The principal operator was
Russia s, Ambassador Konstan-
tin Oumansky; an NKVD ON
cial. Oumansky had been re-
sponsible for the creation of
a number Of important Com
munist cells in America while
he was in Washington, first as
counselor Of the Soviet EN-
bassy and later as ambassador.
After the termination Of
Oumansky's subversive activi-
ties in this country he was
sent for the same purpose as
ambassador to Mexico. There
the Soviet embassy became
the center Of all Communist
intrigues in Latin and South
America. It had a personnel
Of nearly 200 and repeatedly
vast quantities Of gold. Special
couriers carried 1t as "diplo-
matte baggage" to the Latin
American republics to be spent
lavishly where it was most ef-
fective.
Oumansky was killed when
his plane exploded in the air
shortly after it took of from
Mexico City. The real cause of
that explosion has never been
revealed. But there are some
solid grounds to suspect that
it was due to a bomb placed
in the plane by Latin Ameri-
can patriots who feared the
consequences of the OumanSky
intrigueS.
Guatemala was selected. re-
portedly in 1850, as the prov
ing ground for the sovietiza-
ton Of Central America. Soviet
agents from the U. s. S. r. and
Europe found there q fertile
ground to spread their doc
trine of 'hate America and
all she stands for" But these
tools of the Red conspiracy
realized that the diffusion Of
gold and the Marxist-Leninist
doctrines never bring a free
nation into Moscow's fold.
Military power is needed. And
since last year military equip
Evening star., 1954-05-21

ern States. though all the lat
ter subsequently ratified 1t. un-
der the pressures Of the cir
cumstances Of the times.
But the excesses Of the
Northern carpetbaggers; their
incitation of the confused Ne
groes. against the whites; the
fact that the slaves had been
set free to starve in a country
ruined for both whites and
blacks, led to 1.-THE Tragic
Era" from the economic and
psychological effects of which
the South never wholly re-
covered. The excesses and
their failure also disgusted
thoughtful Northerners, who.
gradually SOLDERING, and real
izing their own inability to
solve the Southern problems.
avoided another head-on clash.
which again might have rent
the Union. The original intent
of the 14th Amendment was
circumvented, as the white
South gradually worked out its
own compromise, the essence
of that compromise being
segregation.
Thus the, issue involved in
the 18th Amendment was met
by avoiding it. The problem
did not crucially fare because
1t was not solved.
Wiser minds than ours have
discerned that profound prob
lens. involving memories. emo.
tions, and taboos are better
lived with than solved" even
tually modified by changing
circumstance and time.
Mondays Supreme Court de-
ciSion was, itself. the result
Of the operation of such forces.
But how the decision will
affect the unity Of the Nation:
how it may be circumvented;
how it may really affect the
relations between the colored
and white populations: and
how, above all. 1t will be en-
forced, are as yet unpredictable.
Evening star., 1954-05-21

are Of Great Britain joining
In the Southeast Asia pact?"
The President replied with q
negative and said he couldn't
because he didn't know.
Then the reporter asked,
do you think We could build
an effective pact there without
Great Britain's support?"
Gen. Eisenhower answered
that. after all, the reporters
must remember that Austria
liza and New Zealand are the
countries of the British COM
monwealth Of Nations that are
directly involved. The Presi-
dent added that. with the
proper Asian nations-which,
of course. he lays down as q
prerequisite condition - and
Australia and New Zealand,
the United States might pos
sibly work out something that
would be maybe not as salts
factory or as broad as one
would like it. but it would be.
could be. workable.
Now, that is q far cry from
any defiant note which some
headlines in Britain and
France reflected. Nor is it a
fiat statement all by itself that
the United States wanted to
build a Southeast Asia pact
without Britain. The impress
sion conveyed by. the news
paper treatment was that Gen.
Eisenhower was somehow pet
ulantly expressing his disap-
proval of Great Britain's hesi-
tant course and that America
was going ahead anyhow.
The words of the press con-
ference, which are taken down
stenographically and given out
to the newspapermen in Wash
ington for their guidance in
making an accurate para
phrase, would have read better
If first-person quotation in this
instance had been authorized. :
Evening star., 1954-05-21

enrolment in the District Of
Columbia is Negro. This city,
too, is still Southern in char
acter and in some Of its pos
lures and attitudes. If integra-
ton can be worked out effec-
lively here, that should be a
demonstration for the deeper
South. With the laboratory
and the experiment here, which
the Nation will watch, the
President will be associated.
Republican campaign strate-
gists will capitalize on the anti
segregation decision and the
attendant circumstances dis
cussed. They see a possibility
that the President and the
party may make inroads into
the Negro vote, especially in
key and doubtful areas, which
has been preponderantly Dem
ocratic since the inception Of
the Roosevelt New Deal. They
rely on the steps to abolish
segregation previously referred
to and now spotlighted by the
Supreme Court mandate. These,
they explain, were taken grad
ually and quietly without the
noise and controversy Of pro-
longed Senate filibusters that.
in the end. were only nation
ally advertised futility. This
gradual and quiet approach.
they say. might be more effec-
tive than the more aggressive
championship of civil rights by
former President Truman.
Democrats contend, on the
other hand, that most persua-
sive in winning the Negroes to
their party. and holding them,
were economic issues.
AS for the South. it was
plain in the 1852 election that
it was Harry Truman and his
civil rights program which
posed the melting issue. From
that. Southern Democrats
could and . refuge in the mil
itary hero who was not the
stock Republican and in his
more moderate position on
civil rights. It was a handy
refuge, too, for such Southern
Democratic leaders as Gov.
James r. Byrnes Of South
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Fletcher Knebei-
Potomac Fever

The South takes kes advice be after the Supreme
Court school decision fact things Dixie
that Eisenhower is becalmed there.
Foreign Aid Boss Sassen blasts Joe Mccarthy. Sassen
he's solid ground this time And wonder The
he after Mccarthy the White ierked the rug
from under him.
Republicans after Supreme Courts segrega-
ton ruling President Eisenhower should be able carry
sections of the Soutsoth Chicago south
Must Go" drive alters Wisconsin it,
Mccarthy is the housewives guests
keep busy arguing about Mccarthy they what
get to eat.
The in the Mccarthy hearings created
golden commercial opportunities in Washington instance
reerng tent show managed to slip into town and
with calling itself "the" circus.
Temperance again appeal Congress liquor
advertising It's true liquor has curious effect peope-in
cluding lot of folks who the stuff.
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Dorothy Thon1pson-
The Civil War Is Finally Settled
But How the Supreme Court Decision Will Affect
The Unity of the Nation Is as Yet UnPredicted

Gated war, but one Of them
would make war rather than
let the Nation survive and the
other would accept war rather
then let it perish and war
came"
Then follows: "One-eighth
of the population were
colored slaves. These
contributed a peculiar and
powerful interest. -. To ;.
perpetuate and extend this in
terest was the object for
which the insurgents would
rend the Union while the
Government claimed no right
to do more than restrict the
territorial enlargement Of it.
:. Each looked for an easier
triumph and a result less fun
damental and astonishing. :"
The proposers of the 14th
Amendment were the victors
seeking to give the newly
emancipated slaves constitu-
tional status as citizens:
mo State shall make or en-
force any law which shall
abridge the privileges or i'm
munities Of citizens Of the
United States nor deny to
any person within its jurisdic-
ton the equal protection Of
the laws"
Initially, only 20 Northern
States ratified the amend
ment. It was rejected by Della
ware. Maryland and 10 South
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Constontine Brown

High-level discussions are
now proceeding between Wash
ington and the capitals Of the
friendly Central American re-
publics. The purpose is to find
out what should be done to
strengthen them militarily,
since it has been officially as
certained that the u. s. s. r.
Is very busy in making Guate-
mala q dominating military
power in Central America.
The Guatemalan government
has been under Soviet influ-
ence for some time. Soviet
arms have been trickling to
that country. The arrival Of q
7.000-tonA Swedish freighter
from the Polish port Of Stettin
carrying heavy military equip
ment placed a different COM
plexion on the situation, espe-
,cially since intelligence reports
indicated that other vessels
had unloaded quantities Of
weapons secretly in the past
under the guise of agricultural
machinery.
Heretofore, the warnings
that the Kremlin planned to
sowietize Central America had
been discounted by most Latin
political leaders. These warn
ings were also taken with a
grain Of salt by some policy
makers in Washington.
Yet the details Of those plans
can be found in the files of our
political and military intelli-
gence. They began in the late
20s when graduates Of the
Lenin school Of propaganda
were sent to Guatemala. Hon
duras and Costa Rica to spread
the feminist gospel and create
unrest and uprisings among the
native masses.
But it was toward the end Of
the last war that Soviet agents
under diplomatic cloak began
large-scale operations. directed
this time principally against
the colossus of the north"
Their work was done among
the office-hungry politicians as
well as among the masses. It
was not confined to Central
America alone. Soviet agents
attempted also to undermine
the United States in Argen-
tina and Brazil as well. where
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Bomb Rips Part Of Wall
In Peoria Mayors Home
BY the Associated Press

PEORIA. ILL.,, May 21.-Police
reported that a dynamite bomb
ripped out a section of the wall
of the residence Of Mayor Robert
D. Morgan late tonight.
Mr.. Morgan, his wife and his
two young sons, who were asleep
at the time. were not injured.
Mr.. Morgan indicated he
blamed gambling or prostitu-
ton interests" for the blast. He
has keynoted a drive to close
both Rambling and prostitution
hCuses,in the area. r1a
Police quoted him:
Gambling and prostitution
interests won't intimidate me by
these methods"
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Seqreqotion Ruling and Politics
President Esenhowers Approach to Civil Rights Is Likely
To Help Him in North, but Nay Hurt Him in South

Carolina and Gov. Allan Shiv-
ers Of Texas.
But now the President and
his administration are re-
fiected, so far as many South
ern people are concerned, in
the segregation decision. The
President, of course, had abso-
lutely nothing to do with that.
He sought to point that out at
his recent news conference. He
said that the court, as he un-
derstands it, "iS not under any
administration" But it is only
natural for a President to be
associated in much of the
public mind with what hap
pens in any area of the Fed
eral Government during his
tenure. We could recite recent
examples, or we could go way
back to the reconstruction era
after the Civil War. Though
President Andrew Johnson op-
posed the harsh measures
adopted for the South by the
radical clique in Congress. and
was almost impeached for his
"softness," it was he who was
the bitterly hated symbol Of
reconstruction in the South
for generatiohs-until, in fact.
he was in fairly recent years
rescued from his particular
historical hell.
It was this habit of associ-
ating President with, what
happens in his time that pro-
voked the inquiry at Gen. Eli
senhower's news conference as
to whether he believed the
court decision would ALLEVIATE
many of his Southern support
ers. That was up to them. the
President said. AS for him, he
had always stood for honest.
decent government, and that's
where he still stands.
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Thomas L. Stokes

There is an interesting para
dox in possible political effects
of the Supreme Court decision
banning segregation in public
schools.
So far as President Eisen-
hover and the Republican
Party are concerned, any ad-
verse effects-and they will be
centered in the South-will
flow from his guilt by asso-
citation" with something with
which he had absolutely Moth
ing to do. To wit: the Supreme
Courts decision.
Whatever beneficial results
there are politically, which
will be outside the South. will
derive from the fact that the
decision has become part OF
BACKGROUND with which the
President has become identi-
fed, and which the decision
helps to light up. This back
ground embraces the elimina-
ton of segregation in the
armed services. includi ing
schools for children at military
installations, some of them in
the South. It includes also the
Presidents repeatedly ex-
pressed personal interest in the
elimination of segregation here
in the National Capital, which
is pointed up by the quiet
abandonment in recent months
of segregation in Washington's
theaters and restaurants and,
to some extent. in hotels.
The President perSonalized
the situation developing from
the Supreme Courts public
school decision by expressing
Immediately his interest in the
steps taken to do away with
segregation here and asking
that he be given progress re-
ports. The National Capital
promptly envisaged itself as a
laboratory where a model plan
could be worked out for guild
ance of integration in other
areas where segregation in edu-
cation now is in effect. For
this, Washington offers an ex-
cellent case study, since slightly
oyer half of the public school
Evening star., 1954-05-21

ment has been rushed In I'M
portant quantities to that
country.
According to military eval-
uations. the plans Of Moscow
are to make Guatemala the
strongest military republic in
the area. Thus she will be able
to impose herself by force on
all her neighbors In the south
whose armies are just SUM-
cient for internal police pur-
poses. The plans 60 further.
according to these evaluations.
They intend to take advantage
Of the strong Communist ele-
ment in Mexico and at q given
time support materially q Red
coup in that country.
The military plans seem to
be to create first. by force II
necessary, an anti-American.
pro-Soviet coalition embracing
all Central American republics.
In the event Of q showdown
between the Communist world
and the United States. this
coalition might assert its mill
tary force strongly enough to
induce Mexico to join the un-
ion and threaten the southern
borders of the United States.
This may appear fantastic
at first glance. But We must
remember that such q plan
was formulated in Berlin dur
ing World War I. It existed
to q more limited extent in
World War II, when Tokyo
intended to use the japanese
immigrant population in West
ern Mexico for forays into
the United States. The loyalty
Of the then Mexican govern
ment frustrated Tokyo's inten-
tions.
Communism has made Inn
portant strides in Mexico. es-
pecially in the labor unions.
It is q Mexican citizen. Lom-
bardo Toledano, who Is the
voice Of Moscow at all major
labor conventions in Central
and South America. To this
must be added the unpleasant
fact that Americas prestige
and popularity have diminished
in the last few years in Latin
America because we appeared
to deal with Soviet aggressive
ness from weakness instead Of
strength.
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Doris Fleeson-

From the first moment that
they settled down to serious
consideration of the segrega-
ton cases, Chief Justice War
rem and the eight associate
justices Of the Supreme Court
found themselves in virtually
complete agreement.
So marked was the harmony
of opinion after all had been
heard from, that one of the
associate justices suggested
the chief prepare a memoran-
dunn along those general lines
and circulate among the others
for their study and considera-
ton. The Chief Justice said he
would be pleased to do it II
that was agreeable to every one.
It was, and the conference,
which had lasted about 20 min
utes. broke up.
That was about two months
ago. Monday, May 3, the Chief
Justices memorandum was re-
ceived by his colleagues. Two
weeks later, May II, without
substantive modification, it was
the courts historic opinion on
one of the greatest social issues
ever to divide America.
The whole issue Of civil
rights has, of course, been
before all Federal courts, in
cluding the Supreme Court.
for many years. 1t gathered
momentum after the war as
the Negroes. their economic
situation vastly improved by
the New Deal and high war
wages. pressed ever harder
against their disadvantages.
Other victories presaged last
Mondays triumph for them;
Evening star., 1954-05-21
a Maryland Cities
To Be Honored
On Safety Records
By the Assoeiafad Press

BALTIMORE, May 21.-The
Maryland cities of Greenbelt,
Riverdale. Frostburg and West
minister, will be honored by the
National Safety Council for COM
pleting 1858 without a fatal mo-
tor vehicle accident within their
municipal limits.
Westminster and Greenbelt
have experienced no fatalities
due to automobile accidents since
1949. Frostburg since 1861 and
Riverdale since 1882, s4use.
Gov. McKeldin will present
the plaques to Mayors of the
four towns at ceremonies to be
announced later.
Evening star., 1954-05-21

the test cases on segregation
were argued in the Supreme
Court first in 1852 and re-
argued last year.
Three Of the associate JUS
tices are Southerners-Black
Of Alabama, Reed of Kentucky
and Clark of Texas.
This fact and the generally
restrained way in which the
decision was greeted by most
Southern leaders and news
papers have led many Northern
liberals of both parties to feel
a special sense of obligation
about the practical difficulties
the Southern States will face.
They plan to use their influ-
ence to restrain demagogues
in the North. Senators in this
group suggest that reconstruc-
ton days afford the perfect
pattern of what not to do.
One proposal put forward in
informal discussions here is
that Congress should make i'm
mediately special appropria-
tions for school construction in
the South.
There is at hand a vehicle
to which those appropriations
could readily be attached. 1t is
a bill before the Senate Labor
and Public Welfare Commit
tee providing Federal help to
States for the construction OF
new school buildings.
Secretary Hobby Of the
Health. Education and Welfare
Department asked the commit
tee last week to postpone its
action until after projected
State and White House con-
ferences can be held on the
situation. It would be prefer
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Doris Fkeeson-
Harmony on a Great Social Issue
Justices Were Undivided From Outset on Segregotion
Southern Restraint Will Ease the Difficulties

able, she said. to determine
first the resources of the local
tiles themselves with respect
to school construction needs.
This would delay Federal aid
until after 1856.
Mrs. Hobby conceded that
the need was urgent and cited
a Government survey indicat-
ing that 100000 more rooms
were needed last year. En-
rollment figures also prove,
she said.' that school construc-
ton is not keeping pace with
enrolment increases.
The great majority of the
new enrollments are, of course.
the children of the men and
women who fought and won
World War II for this country.
Secretary Hobby wrote her
letter, Of course. before the
Supreme Court handed down
its decision making the school
question of immediate, poign-
ant urgency. Herself Texan,
she knows first hand its i'm
pact on the South.
There is already a wide
spread feeling that the chill
dren ought not to be asked to
wait. For a long time, educa-
tional circles have told the
story of their crowded school,
rooms, teacher shortages and
part-time classes.
Undeniably, there will be
some turning to private schools
in the South. This only makes
greater the challenge to Con-
gress. For almost the first ar
ticle Of the politicians creed is
that universal free education
is the backbone of democracy
and he is right.
Evening star., 1954-05-21
Partridge Coming to U.S..

TOKYO, May 81 R.-Gen.
Earle E. Partridge. Far East Air
Forces commander. left Tokyo
last night for q conference at
Eglin Air Force Base, Valpa-
raiso, Fla. He was accompanied
by several members Of his stan.
The Lincoln times., 1954-12-23
Cattle Need Access
To Plenty OF Voter

Don't Scrimp "boSsy" on her
drinking water or you'll lose some
Of the value of that expensive feed
you've been giving her.
Tests have shown that providing
water SO that animals have free
access to it increases the milk yield
of high-prOducing COWS about four
per cent over watering twice daily
and six to II per cent over water
ing only once daily.
When you consider that milk is
81 per cent water, that isn't hard
to understand. Cows will consume
about 3.5 to 5.5 pounds of water
per pound of milk produced.
High protein feeds increase wa
ter consumption somewhat. From
y to Is gallons per head daily is
an average amount for a herd, in
Guiding both COWS in milk and dry
COWS. However, COWS producing Is
to 100 pounds of milk a day may
drink 35 to 40 gallons of water
daily
For a COW to drink the maxi
mum amount, the water must be
accessible as well as fresh. clean.
and at the right temperature.
Needless to say water is one of
the most important items in the
The Lincoln times., 1954-12-23
Lesser Events
Took P|ace0n
Christmas Day

Christmas is, above all else, the
day on which we recognize the
| Nativity of Christ. 1t has been so
since the fourth century. when the
Western Church officially adopted
December 25th as the date of the
birth of the Saviour.
Since that time, this greatest of
all events has completely fore
shadowed every historical event
occurring on the same day Ask
anyone to tell you of something
else in history that happened on
December 25th other than the
birth of Christ, and chances are
they will give you a negative an
SWer.
A few will remember that it was
on this same date that George
Washington crossed the Delaware
Only true student of history will
tell you that the date marks the
birthday of Isaac Newton, Clara
Barton and Frances Blake, among
others.
Actually, the fact that Washing
ton crossed the Delaware on
Christmas is all the average
American should be expected to
remember. But. it's interesting to
note some of the other events that
happened on the same day:
In 1887, the Battle of Okeecho-
bee.
In 194l, Japanese captured Hong
Kong.
In 1892, wreck of the Santa Ma
ria, at Haiti.
In 1926. Hirohito became Emper-
or of Japan.
1t was also on Christmas day,
in 1947, that China's constitution
was adopted and went into eff
feet, making the date China's Ma
tional Renaissance Day. And,
Christmas is also the birthday of
the town of Kelso. Washington, set
tied on Christmas day. l847 by
Peter w, Crawford.
The Lincoln times., 1954-12-23
ll
RQBERINssCHafIDI

Many varieties of dwarf apples are
now offered for sale by nursery
men. Dwarf trees are all advantage
for gardeners who want a number
of different varieties and do not
have sufficient space for standard
trees. The dwarf trees will bear
Just as large fruit of the variety
as the standard trees but of course
the total crop will be much small
er. However, dwarf trees may be
planted as close as eight Or ten
feet apart instead of the usual dis
tance for standard trees. They
have the advantage of small size
which makes them eaxy to prune
and spray and convenient for har-
vesting the fruit. There is one dis
advantage-thed dwarf rootstock is
weak and the trees are apt to blow
over in a storm. Therefore, it is
necessary to stake and tie dwarf
trees in order to keep them from
blowing over.