davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-05-23

education and health. Even in
the smaller and more remote
villages there can now be seen
one new substantial building
the new school building
and many foreign teachers.
Americans and English-speak-
ing Europeans and ASiaticS,
have been employed to teach
the children.
Rather than requiring that
the foreign teachers learn the
local languages, Of which there
are many, the children are
taught all their subjects after
the third school year in Eng
lish. Two years ago there was
established in the capital,
under the direction Of q Ca
madam educator, a modern
college, completely financed by
the Ethiopian government,
stated with North American
and European teachers, and
equipped with the most mod
ern visual and other educa-
tional aids.
There is already under con-
struction in the capital a large
university building, which it is
hoped will be completed in
time to receive from the grad
uating classes Of the college
those students qualified to
carry on advanced studies in
the sciences.
HeoIth Program
Another subject which re-
ceives personal attention from
the Emperor is that of public
j, health. In Adds Ababa are
found six fairly well-equipped
hospitals apd many lesser
clinics-obvi6usly insufficient
to care for the health Of the
city's population of nearly one
half million. These facilities.
inadequate as they may be,
have developed almost entirely
since the end Of the Italian
occupation in l941.
Although in most cases the
hospitals are financed In their
entirety by the Ethiopian gov
ernment. they usually are
popularly known by the ma
tiona1ity of the persons who
comprise the professional staff
or who contribute in some
measure to their maintenance.
There are, for example. the
American Hospital, maintained
by the Missionary service Of
the Seventh-Day AdventistS:
the English Hospital. equipped
by contributions from British
doctors and nurses; the RUS
sian Hospital, with a small
number of Russian doctors and
nurses, and said to be equipped
with American lend-lease ma
terial supplied to Russia dur
ing the war.
Transportation has been one
of the most difficult problems
facing the Emperor in his
modernization efforts. The ex-
treme ruggedness of the ter
rain, which varies from the
high plateaus and deep gorges
to the fiat semidesert lands
near the coast, creates complex
engineering problems. At one
time virtually all the foreign
commerce of Ethiopia passed
through the French port Of
Djibouti on the Gulf of Alden,
for Ethiopia was completely
landlocked. It thus suffered
from its dependence upon the
rules, regulations and exac-
tions laid down by a foreign
port, and from the non-com-
petitive freight rates fixed by
Evening star., 1954-05-23
yewo The Week: Reds Heed for Hono stoII at Geneva

legislative program. There
was one flnal decision on q
major bill, and several signifi-
cant Developments on other
measures.
Housing. The Senate Bank
ing and Currency Committee
voted to restore the full FL
senhower public housing pro-
gram. which had been killed
by the House. The outlook
was for House concurrence
with Q modest compromise
public housing authorization.
The group also started work
on legislation to plug loop
holes which produced the
recent housing "windfall
profits" scandals.
Social Security. A House
committee voted to extend
the social security program by
bringing farmers and self
employed professional persons
under the insurance coverage
and to raise the limits on bene-
f1ts. State and national gov
ernment employees also would
be permitted to elect social
security coverage.
Reciprocal Trade. President
Eisenhower gave up hope for
q new foreign trade law this
year and said he would settle
for q one-year extension of the
old Democratic law. He said
he would try again next year
to put his own tariff lowering
program across. Key Repub-
lican Congressman, however,
said they wanted neither the
Eisenhower program nor an
other year of the existing law.
Statehood. The Hawaii
Alaska statehood bill looked
like q dead issue last week.
The House was not inclined
to accept the Senate-passed
measure, preferring to admit
only Republican Hawaii. After
a brief. inconclusive Rules
Committee meeting last week.
House observers predicted
freely the bill was done for
unless the White House took
unexpected vigorous action to
rescue the territories.
Red Trade. Foreign Opera
tions Administration Director
Harold E. Stassen reported. to
Congress last week that free
world trade with Iron Curtain
countries had declined during
the past year despite Commu-
mist attempts to increase
it, particularly in "stra-
tegic" items. Principal benefits
Of what little trade there is,
he said, accrues to the free
nations. Senator Joseph r.
Mccarthy, Republican. OF Wis
consin took q different view.
however. He told the Senate
the West was still carrying on
what he calls the blood trade"
with Communist countries and
said cessation of this trade
was a life or death matter.
Mr.. Stassen said the Senator
had his facts wrong.
Teen-Gge Vote. The Senate
threw out one Of the planks
in the Eisenhower Legislative
platform by voting down o bill
to lower the voting age to Is
years. The proposed constitu-
tional amendment needed q
two-thirds margin for passage.
The vote was "a to "a for the
measure, not nearly enough.
Education. A bill to call o
White House conference on
education was approved by the
House, 269 to So. Educators
and interested laymen will be
invited to the talks. General
purpose Of the conference will
be to discuss Federal co-opera-
ton in the solution of school
problems. Racial integration
may be on the agenda.
Evening star., 1954-05-23
Nearby Votes

Votes Of Maryland and Vir-
ginia legislators on major roll
calls in Congress. May Is
May Il.
Senute
On constitutional amend
ment granting the right to
vote to 18-year-olds. Two
thirds majority required.) Re-
jected, 34-24.
Asainst: Byrd o.. val. Robert
son Cd, Va.b
Net yotlng: Bean (R.. Md. an
nouneed for: Butler tR-. Md, alb
sent.
House
On bill authorizing confer
ence in Washington, d. c.. of
educators and prominent lay
men on education. Passed,
269-6o.
Fers HYDE (R., Md. small (R.,
Md. Broyhin tR.. Var.
Agalnes: 0mith q. Val.
Evening star., 1954-05-23
By Jack Bennett

When Halle Selassie, EN-
peror Of Ethiopia, begins his
official visit with President
Eisenhower Wednesday. that
will be the second time that
the Emperor has been q guest
Of the President of the United
States. In fact, Halle Selassie
was almost the last head Of Z
state to talk personally with
Franklin D. Roosevelt. When
Roosevelt was returning from
the Yalta Conference his war
ship was anchored briefly in
Bitter Lake at Suez, and Halle
Selassie was flown 1900 miles
from his capital at Adds
! Ababa to go aboard the U. S.
S. Quincy to confer with the
President. Roosevelt died two
months later.
The visit, being in war
time, was little publicized. But
most people remember the
Emperor for his valiant fight
for q lost cause when he ap-
pealed in vain to the League
of Nations in Geneva in 1886
to take a united stand against
Fascist aggression then threat
ening his kingdom and the
peace of the entire world.
The Emperor lost that ap-
peal and that war, but he
has regained his country. In
the intervening years since he
remounted his throne in May
of 1941 he has devoted him
self sassiduously to the better
ment of the lot of his people.
Sheltered Life
For many hundreds Of years
the Ethiopians took great
pride in their almost complete
isolation from the remainder
of the world. Wou1d2be in
vaders from the low coastal
lands could not successfully
attack the Ethiopian warriors
on the high plateaus at alti-
tudes ranging UP to- 10000
feet.
The Ethiopians took full
advantage of this geographic
isolation, living content with
their society part feudal, part
slave, and with their economy
virtually self-sufficient at the
extremely low standard then
prevailing. This isolation
began to be broken when
Emperor Menelik granted .
concession to the Franco
Ethiopian Railway to build a
narrow-guage road from
French Sonaliland on the
Gulf Of Alden to Adds Ababa,
o distance OF, about 500 miles
laterally and about 7.700 feet
vertically. But 1t was only
with the advent to power OF
Halle Selassie. first as Prince
Regent in 1916 and then as
Emperor in 1880, that the
progress of Ethiopia toward
modernization really began.
The Emperor takes pride in
having stamped out the an
cient practice Of slavery and
the vicious slave traffic that
thrived between Africa and
the Arabian Peninsula for
hundreds of years. A consti-
tuition along Western lines
was given to the people in
1881. For the present strictly
modified form of suffrage is
provided, but full suffrage is
promised to the people when
education has become more
widespread.
No element of progress Is
dearer to the heart OF the
Emperor than that OF the
rapid advancement of the edu-
cational level of his people,
and nearly one-half Of the
total of the provincial and
federal budgets Is devoted to
Evening star., 1954-05-23

nau tne TTeSlue0t un0e1 l6S
thumb.
Last week . ship from Red
Poland unloaded an estimated
1000 tons Of arms and am
munitiOn at Q Guatemalan
port. This arsenal. could equip
every soldier In the country
and easily outgun any Of Qua
temala's neighbors.
Though there Is nothing in
herently Illegal about one
country's purchase Of guns
from another. the State De-
partment took . realistically
grave view. What American
diplomats feared was q pattern
of recent events which looked
like q Moscow Matched plot to
envelop Central America.
These were some Of the in
cidents:
. In February. Guatemala got
into trouble with her neighbor.
Nicaragua, and the two coun-
tries began to exchange
charges Of fomenting revolu-
tionary plots. Last week Mica
fagua broke on diplomatic re-
lations. charging that Guate-
mala tried to spread commu-
nism In Nicaragua.
. In March, an. investigation
was made into reported agita-
ton by Guatemalan Commu-
nists in British Honduras. The
case was not proved. however.
. In April, Guatemalan agi-
tators were reported to have
taken over leadership of labor
disputes in United Fruit Co.
properties in Honduras. The
dispute grew to general-strike
proportions.
. In May, three Guatemalan
consuls were ordered out Of
Honduras for melting workers
to prolong their strike.
. Later in May, Nicaragua
claimed arms were smuggled
into that country from Guate-
mala in a submarine.
Q Last week the shipload of
arms was landed in Guate-
mala; and in New York City
Col. Hubert Fauntleroy Julien.
famed "Black Eagle" Of the
Ethiopian War, said the State
Department was keeping him
from shipping arms to Guate-
mala from nom Communist
European countries.
The United States and other
Latin American countries do
not, want an aggressive Com
munist country in this hem
isphere. But it was difficult to
find an effective way to cope
with the threat in Guatemala.
There were two possible
courses Of action:
The Rio Treaty might be in
voked il it could be proved
Guatemalan agents had To-.
mented thesspreading strike in
Honduras. ARTICLE 6 Of the
1947 treaty provides that the
Organization Of American
States may consult on collec-
tive measures In event Of "ag-
gression which is not an armed
attack" II two-thirds Of Il 8
signatory states agree, then
diplomatic, economic and mill
tary sanctions can be used
against Guatemala.
The CARACAS resolution
might be used. This provides
for consultation If communism
gains control Of an American
state. Consultation under this
resolution could lead to sane
tions provided by the Rio
Treaty.
Meanwhile Guatemalan ON
cials denied their government
was dominated by Communists
and insisted the arms imports
were nobody's business.
Evening star., 1954-05-23

political status Of Wet Nam.
Cambodia and LAOS. as well as
some kind Of sanction from
the United Nations for an in
ternational coalition against
the expansion of communism
in those countries.
A first step toward bringing
the q. N. into the act may be
to request the dispatch Of q
team of observers to Southeast
Asia. Thailand. Cambodia and
Laos are said to be ready to
ask this action.
France. for her part. is be-
lieved to be holding out for
more than air and sea support
from the United States. Her
second-ranking diplomat in
the United States remarked
last week that France will not
continue to be the foot soldiers
Of the free world in Southeast
ASIA" She Is believed to feel
that the foot soldiers cannot
come only from Asiatic
countries. Seasoned American
troops, France feels, may be
needed.
Here again there is a clash
between American and French
military strategiSts. The
United States thinks France
could make better use of some
Of her Indo- China strength.
pulling out of isolated areas
Of central Laos and South Cen
trail Wet Nam. for instance,
and reinforcing the vital Red
and Mekopg River deltas.
The French have also been
told they must use conscripts
Of their own in Indo-C China If
they expect the United States
to send draftees.
Next: Congress
Once all these differences
with the French are ironed
out. or on the way to solution,
it will be time for Secretary
Dulles to tackle Congress. In
dications on Capitol Hill are
that the going will not be
easy.
Senator william F. Know
land. Republican majority lead
er. opposes ground forces for
Indo- China but favors air and
sea power. Ex-Secretary Of the
Air Force Stuart Symington.
now q Democratic Senator
from Missouri, said last week
that If there Is a need for
American ground force inter-
: vention in Indo- China, Con-
gress has not been made
aware of it.
Top American military au-
thorities do not believe, how
ever, that air and sea power
alone can save the situation in
Indo- China. The selling job
that will have to be done in
Congress is one of the barriers
to action they are wondering
about.
Evening star., 1954-05-23
Korea

President Syngman Rhee
was a thorn in the side Of
American policy makers when
he had an opposition parlia-
ment. Now he probably will be
more troublesome than ever.
AS a result of elections last
Thursday, he now holds a ma
jority-109 seats out of 203-
in the National Assembly.
Before voting began. there
were frequent reports of police
intimidation and stern voting
instructions from Mr.. Rhee's
Office. But no serious incidents
were reported at the polls. A
United Nations commission
observed the election and q
Judgment on the fairness of the
vote will have to await its re.
port.
Korean unity. meanwhile,
seemed no nearer reality after
another week Of negotiations
at Geneva.
Evening star., 1954-05-23
Congress
Housing Bill Revived,
House Unit Votes More
Sociol Security

Congress last week continued
to drive doggedly toward COM
pletion Of a very incomplete
Evening star., 1954-10-29
President il Talk Here Calls for Election Of Republican Congress

voyage? For the next two years.
the Executive Branch will be
Republican. Confusion can be
avoided and steady progress as
sured only by electing Q Repuh-
ncan majority to the Congress.
am not talking theory. / am
talking hard facts. Here are o
few examples Of what can hap
pen.
II the Democrats should take
over the Congress, a man would
run the committee which handles
your tax laws who supported the
administration on only 8 per cent
Of the issues on which the Lead
ers Of the two parties disagreed.
In the Senate and House COM
mittees which handle laws re-
specting all judicial matters and
our courts. the chairmen would
be men VINO supported the ad-
ministration on only 5 per cent
OF these issues.
The Senate and House COM
mittees handling laws affecting
American business would be
headed UP by men who supported
the administration on only 4 per
cent Of these issues.
These are just examples. But
they illustrate the innumerable
obstacles to steady progress II
your Government team is made
up OF a Congress controlled by
one party and the Executive
Branch by the other.
For the good Of America, our
governmental traffic must be
Evening star., 1954-10-29

efIiciently handed. We won't
set anywhere with red lights at
all the governmental crossroads.
Add to this, two drivers on every
governmental steering wheel.
each trying to 90 In q different
direction, and we shall certainly
end up In q hopeless jam.
You and your friends and T.
all Of usmade solemn pledges
to our country. We have come
a long way toward fulfilling
them. To go ahead. we must
prevent a split Government. The
Job is clear. The progressive pro-
gram which the vast majority
supported in 1852 needs now the
reinforcement of their 1854
votes. So the job is to get the
voters to the polls. Thus we
will keep our Government from
political fiddling while the world
burns. Thus we can go ahead.
in this age of peril. building a
stronger, better America and a
lasting peace In the world.
All Americans sincerely long
for peace. Neither party needs
yield to the other In this regard.
But do we want to interrupt the
work Of proved leaders and Inn
pede the unexcelled progress
they have helped SO much to
bring about in the past two
years? Do we want uncertainty
and confusion to replace cer-s
tainty and confidence? Do we
want divided responsibility or
single responsibility? To ask
these questions is to answer
them. America needs another
Republican-led Congress.
This calls upon US for the
same enthusiasm and fervor
with which we burned two years
non 8.
Evening star., 1954-10-29

these 30-odd committees that the
laws for our country are mainly
written.
When pressures Of party 10y
atty and obligations influence
legislative leaders and commit
tee chairmen to oppose the Pres
ident, there are many things
they can do. History shows that
both parties have INDUCED in
these obstructionist practices, at
grave risk to our country's good.
Legislative leaders can stop es-
sential bills in the legislative
committees. in the Rules Com
mittee. or kill them in the Sem
ate or House of Representatives.
They can refuse to approve
appointments to public Office.
They can put political amend
ments on good laws to force the
President to veto the whole or to
accept the amendments to get
the good law. For political rea-
sons, they can bottle up pro-
gram after program to keep the
President from doing something
that the people want.
This is no exaggeration. Neither
is it accusation. It is simply the
way politics has Z, often been
played in Washington. One Re-
publican and two Democratic
Presidents have. in this genera
ton, testified to the stagnation,
Illustrations and political feuds
that result when one party con-
trolls the Congress, the other the
Executive Branch.
In our system, normally the
two parties work well together. !.
But they can't both serve eff
f1ciently-at the. same time-as
captains of the ship of state.
When divided control inspires
each to try. which one can then
be held responsible by the Amer
ican people, either for going on
the rocks or for a successful
Evening star., 1954-10-29

toward world peace worth this
kind OF hard work?
Is prosperity worth it2 N
Is efficient. honest government
worth it,
Are tax cuts. good homes, loyal
employees. alertness against sub
version and preventing imitation
worth this hard work?
OF course they are.
Well, then. let's roll UP our
sleeves and get TO work-for .
stronger America, good govern
rnent. and world ut peace.
Let's have another Republi-
can-led Congress. :
Evening star., 1954-10-29

III t
And II this meeting, II this
meeting Is anything ut all like
the rest or the Citizens for Ike
groups throughout this United
States. there's no question. you
wonder why I'm talking. I'm
talking because ! believe this so
much. ] believe with you we
must go ahead.
This means talking to your
neighbors, using the telephone.
ringing doorbells. getting out the
vote as you did then.
] ask you these questions:
Is steady and sure progress
Evening star., 1954-10-29

blood was flowing on the field of
battle. Happily, faith in our sys-
tenn. confidence in the future.
cooperation between industry
and Government and wise deci-
sions have dispelled that de-
featist attitude. In 20 months.
we have eliminated fears rooted
in 20 years Of economic dis
couragement and war.
America at Peace.
And SO. fellow citizens, this is
how far we have come in 81
months.
We have an America at peace.
We have prosperous America.
We have an America whose
Government is honest and ef-
f1cient. We have an America
confident OF the future.
The question before our people
tonight is, shall we continue this
program? Shall we carry it on
to full completion?
I believe that the overwhelm-
ing majority of the American
people want this kind Of prog
ress to continue. That progress,
on November I'd, will be at issue
at the polls. Although the Presi-
dency is not at stake, this elec-
ton will have a heavy impact
upon the future of all our people.
To explain why this is so re-
quires some frank talk about
how our Congress works.
The Congress in Washington
is made up of over a half
thousand men and women, Re-
publicans and Democrats. Under
our system. when there are more
Republicans than Democrats,
the Republicans run the Con-
gress. When there are more
Democrats, they run the Con-
gress. And the party that runs
the Congress also runs the COM
mittees of the Congress. It is in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-13
Holy Week Services Listed
7 oniqht and Tomorrow in Area

in the First Methodist Church,
with the Rev. Henry r. Osgood
pastor of Hyattsville Baptist
Church. preaching. Other CO.
operating churches are Memo
rial Methodist, Riverdale Pres
byterian, University Park of the
Brethren and Hyattsville Pres
byterian.
Traditional tenebrae services
dating back to the earliest Chris
tian era, will be held IN many
Catholic churches of the Wash
ington Archdiocese tomorrow
Thursday and Good Friday
usually starting about 1880 pm
Tenebrae (meaning dark
nesso services open with the
altar in each church ablaze with
lighted candles. They are ex-
tinguished one by one during the
service, with the last lighted
candle symbolizing Christ, being
carried away from view behind
the altar. This commentaries
the abandonment of Christ by
His apostles.
The services are concluded
with a loud noise. noting the
death Of Christ. Then a lone
candle is brought from behind
the main altar into view-sym-
bolizing the risen Christ OF
Easter.
Rev. O'Connor To Speak.
The Right Rev. Msgr. Patrick
j. O'Connor, director of the
Immaculate Conception Shrine,
Catholic University, will speak
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-04-13

on His Death and Yours" at
7:45 pm. tomorrow In st. Steph-
ems Catholic Church, Twenty
fifth street and Pennsylvania
avenue NV.
A special service at 8 pm.
tomorrow in Foundry Methodist
Church, Sixteenth and p streets
NV, will have the Foundry
Choir sing Dubois oratoria,
Seven Last Words"
Marcus Bach's 1.-THE Resur-
rection" will be presented at