davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-02-18

MANILA N-The Philippines Re.
public has embarked on q new
foreign policy, Asia for the
Asians," which has u. S. diploma
Tie officials watching carefully. Up
to now, he new policy has left cold
the Asian countries 1t was intended
10 influence.
The policy is based on developing
al Asian uationalism under the
wartime rallying cry used by a.
pan In ppmoting Its East Asia
co-prosperty sphere.
Philippine proponents insist the
new policywill not affect tradition.
al ties Will the United States. De.
spite this, American officials here
indicate thtyimust remain alert for
any unIlateral action which might
affect the balance In democracy's
bulwark against communism In
ASH.
The u. S Embassy In Manila
has not commented officially but
appears concerned lest the policy
be misinterpreted In some quar-
tiers In the United States. The Phi
lippines still depend upon the
United States for aid in supporting
the islands economy and so must
move cautiously, U. S. source:
indicated.
The basic change under the new
policy would seem to be towart
Independent action In foreign mat
ters and away from the old Liberia
party policy Of taking cues from
the United States At the las
election, Elpidio Quirino, head O
the Liberals, was beaten soundly
for q second term as president by
Ramon Magsaysay and his Nacion
alista party.
The policy switch was disclosed
in q surprising manner earlier this
month. Instead of being enunicateC
by Magsaysay or by Vice Presiden
Carlos P. Garcia. the secretary o
foreign affairs, it first was pro
claimed by Garcia's under seere
tary, Leon Guerrero.
Guerrero was the ''voice Of free
dom" during the early days o.
World War II until his capture b,
the japanese. Later he was re
leased from prison and broadcast
japanese propaganda.
Guerrero's first strong support
for the new policy came from Sen
Claro M. Recto, wartime foreign
minister Of the Philippines under
the japanese.
Recto has been accused by crit
ics Of being anti-American but Ia:
denied the charge.
Vice President Garcia quickly
added his support.
So did Sen. Jose p. Laurel. war
time president OF the Philippine!
during the japanese occupation.
Bipartisan backing came from
members in Congress. But there
were strong indications that the de-
fested Liberal party would subject
the new policy to torrid debate II
the Senate.
President Magsaysay has re
NAMED silent although Guerrero
insists that the new President en-
dorses it.
Vice President Garcia said in Z
subsequent speech:
d'Asia for the Asians,' far more
than a foreign policy. is a state
ment of eternal reality. 1t is az
axiom attic fact. sef-evident and I'm
deniable. II is the expression Of /
deep sentiment Of a resurgent ma
countries"
Guerrero said 1t would be "ser
vile and misguided" for the Philip
pines to keep on taking their leaC
from the United States in foreign
matters.
The Philippines has considerable
spadewofk to Do In culhvatins
friendship With such countries 4!
India, CeylOn, Indonesia, Burma
Malaga. Thailand, IndOchina anC
Japan.
Diplomatic relations between The
Philippines and neighbors arr
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-02-18

conflicts Of jurisdiction between
the two. He urged clearing the
way for states to handle what they
consider statewide emergencies.
Union leaders and company man
layers may argue whether Eisen.
hower's proposed changes do more
for one of them than the other.
But the net effect seemed certain
to be a bigger role for government
in labor disputes.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-02-18
MINELLI REMARRIES

RIVERSIDE, Calf. N - Film
director vincente Minnelli, a. the
former husband of Judy Garland,
has taken a pretty French girl as
his second vita.
The director and esoftesas Mag
mani, q, sister Of Chrisnane Mar.
tel who was Miss Universe of 1858,
were married here Tuesday IN q
surprise ceremony By Judge Iohr
Gabbert.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-02-18
THE WORLD
TODAY

WASHINGTON H - Presiden
Eisenhower and the government
: will be a lot deeper in ALDERMAN
.Iagement relations il Congress ap
proves his proposals for amending
THE Taft-Hartey labor relation:
Iact.
Two prime examples among the
Presidents ID proposals: fact
finding board to make recommen'
dations in a national emergency
dispute; and q government con
Quoted vote In the case Of any
strike.
Under the law now, when the
President finds the national well
fare is threatened by strike, he
appoints a board to investigate and
report back with the facts.
Eisenhower asked that this be
changed so that such a board
would make recommendations on
what the settlement should be.
Since the President handpicks the
board, its recommendations be.
come, in effect, his own.
Neither the company nor the
union would have to accept the
Recommendations.
| At present workers faced with q
decision on a walkout can vote
among themselves on whether
they want to strike. Or they may
leave it up to a selected group Of
their union officials.
Eisenhower urges more federal
say on this. He said it should be
written into law that the govern,
ment must conduct a vote among
the employees on whether they
want q strike.
He didn't say, in his message
to Congress. whether the vote
should be taken before or after q
strike started. He said:
Nothing so vitality affects the in.
dividual employee as the loss of his
pay when he is called on strike. ~
He didn't say " called on to
strike"
Almost at once Sen. H. Alex.
ander Smith GRIND, chairman Of
the Senate Labor Committee, pro.
duced a bill calling for a vote
after q strike had started.
There may have been confusion
in the administration ranks on this.
Secretary of Labor Mitchell tolc
newsmen he thought Smiths bill
was going to call for q vote before
= strike.
/ Under a special World War Il
law-from 1943 to 1e4S-the govern
ment had to take q vote amons
workers before strike could be
called in war plant or one con
nected with the war.
Strike votes were taken amonf
about 2,100 groups of employees
In about 1900 cases the vote wa.
to strike, although only a small
percentage actually went out
About 300 voted against a strike.
i Eisenhower also proposed tina
the mediation service should stey
into q labor dispute where an in
junction had been granted; that
] the government find better safe
guards for welfare funds; and tina,
employers must take an anti-Co
Imunist oath, as union leaders nov
must do.
| Those points would all require
the government to have more SAY
jim union or company affairs q
both.
/ No one could predict whether
| government control, both fedora
and state, would be increased as !
result of Eisenhower suggestion
for study to find a way to avoit
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-02-18
QUEEN MOTHER
TO VISIT US.

LONDON R-Queen Mother EliI.
abeth win visit the United States
next fall as the guest Of President
and Mrs. Eisenhower, q Bucking-
ham Palace spokesman said today.
Arrangements are virtually
complete and the official announce
ment of Her MajeSty's trip will
be made shortly" the spokesman
said.
Her visit Il expected 10 be a
short one. conferred in Washington.
Strictly speaking, coal b not q
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-02-18

Strictly speaking. coal b not q
mineral, but a rock.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-02-18

Thursday. February 10. 1854 THE |
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

gerous and an explosion threatens.
Not long ago, during a land re-
form drive in Honan Province when
the Korean war had the Red army
tied down, Peiping made a startling
admission.
1--WE have no control below the
hsien County level" Peiping said.
The peasants were resisting cen
trail government measures and the
military could not be spread thinly
enough to stop them.
WorIords Again
That was only one phase Of the
central regimes troubles. Warlord-
ism was cropping up continually and
could be halted only by Red army
force. In a remote county. COM
missar whose power went to his head
could easily turn warlord. collecting
local tribute and ruling in much the
same way as local warlords have
done for centuries. .
Fresh In the minds Of the Chinese
is the purge of unter-revolution-
aries and bandits" In 1950-51, which
must have resulted in almost 8 mill
lion executions and 80 million being
sent into slave labor. The only in
surance against quick death was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

land, it would take away the inten-
sive hand cultivation system which
might result not in an increase
but in a huge drop in crop yields
per acre. Although hand cultivation
might have been backward by west
ern standards, in Asia 1t yielded
more per acre. The Chinese farmer
planted and transplanted every
stalk of rice by hand and it would
have been next to impossible to coax
more per acre out of the land. AL
though INFLAMMATION would free
millions for industrial work. China
had not the industrial complex to
use her many millions.
Even now, under the Communists,
collectivization can hardly be said
to have started, although the threat
hangs heavily over the farmers
heads.
Now the Communists seem to be
easing up. at least temporarily. on
farm controls. They have stopped
pushing collectivization so hard.
They are looking the other way
while the farmer hides part of his
grain and even sells some OF 1t on
the open market.
Needed Rest
Today, China seems to have
needed an end to her involvement
in shooting wars so that she can at
tempt to recover her economic bal
ance and consolidate the Communist
Party's hold on the country. The
talk about liberation of Formosa
seems mere bluster. since the Chi
nese know it would involve them in
the big war. It is far too soon for
that. ...
China's leaders seem too shrewd to
risk going to war now-they have
too much to lose. And 1t Is not at
all unlikely that when 61-year-old
Mao Tze-tung dies-he is now APP
parently in sort Of semi-retirement
China, like the Soviet Union. win
go through a struggle for power.
Whoever emerges as the dictator
after Mao, he faces a long, tough
Job. Although Red China has In
creased her power many times since
Mao took over, she is long, long
way from out Of the woods.
associated ,r.-' -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
,hinos Economy Is Still Too Weak to Support Major Wa

time in Chinese memory, and it is
still in force.
lndustrioIizotion FoiIs
Under the Communists, according
to the best information available,
industrialization has been largely
failure.
Much propaganda now is being
made of the announcement that
the Russians are helping the Chinese
equip 14I industrial projects, some
of them "joint" enterprises. Soviet
material will equip or renovats
factories and power plants. But the
U. S. S. r. still extracts payment
in China's exportables. as Chinese
propaganda reveals. It calls for
belt-tightening in China to pay for
the socialist industrialization OF
the country"
Farm Dilemma
AS for agriculture, the Chinese
farmer is in a class by himself.
Collectivization on the Russian
scale was not something that could
be readily transplanted to China,
since it means farming more land
with less people. II that were done.
through mechanization. to China's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

youth and strength. The sentence
then might be death-defelTed-for-
two-years, which gave the state the
benefit Of the Criminals" labor.
Then came the purge of the land
lords, including the so-called rich
peasants. Soon the rich peasant was
to include man owning three motD
(half an acre. of land. Another five
million must have gone into slave
labor from this purge.
In 1852 came the WI Fan Give
antis) purge. It was to be against
bribery. stealing government prop
erty, cheating the government, spec
ulation and tax evasion. Actually
it was breakdown on private prop
erty owners that lasted eight
months. A journalist recently out
Of Shanghai said there were so many
suicides that the government con-
ducted q propaganda campaign
which attempted to induce people
not to kill themselves.
The purgeS were not always
pegged to some sort of Communist
= VAbCkl UkACy WOA40 NJ
inspired by the need for slave labor.
and the purge. in effect, was a
roundup.
FIimsy Economy
There is hardly any question but
that the Korean war constituted q
heavy drain on q flinsy Chinese
economy. And the question arose
naturally: Could such flimsy econ
omy withstand q major shock-such
as World War III? The answer OBJ
viously was In the negative.
information is still fairly scant on
China's economy, but there > is
enough to piece together picture
Of a regime caught in struggle
against terrific odds to pull vast.
loosely joined. SPRAYING country to-
gether and modernize it. It is cost
ing much in human blood and suf-
fering. and 1t surely does not pre-
sent the picture of regime ready
to risk large-scale war.
Now the Chinese must use agri-
cultural production--so sorely need
ed by q vast and poverty stricken
populations barter to get goods
from Russia and the Communist
countries. They even had TO insti-
tute rationing last fall. for the first
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
By Fred thompson
and William L. Ryon

In the Chinese county of Shantung
one day. Communist water con-
servation commissar ordered the
peasants to dig 10000 wells.
The peasants feared the Commu-
nists. But they knew how to resist.
They dug 10000 holes. and dug them
any old place at all. OF the 10000
wells" only a couple OF dozen
produced disable water.
There lies one Of the greatest
problems of present-day Communist
China, and one Of the big reasons
why Communist China Is likely to
be frightened of involvement in
large-scale war. The regime still
has q tremendous distance to travel
before it can claim it controls the
country.
The Chinese are not like the Rus
slams. Russians are easily regi-
mented, easily led, do what they are
told, shrug their shoulders fatalisti-
cally. have little personal ambition.
Not so the Chinese. The lowliest
has bounce. Born to the most
extreme poverty, he Is shrewd
maneuverer, a natural trader. He
is a hard, persistent worker. who
can labor just as arduously in tropi-
cal as In cool climates.
copitolist ct Heart
He is O master at evading the
law and never does it with any
feeling Of guilt. He is small time
capitalist. an enterpriser, BAR
gamer. q selzer.
1.-THE Chinese are" says q man
who. knows them well, 'just about
the worst subjects in the world for
RECOMMENDATION. and still think that
before the show is over in China,
they are going to thin communism
out. The danger to the rest Of the
world is that they may not be able
to do 1t in time"
Today the Communists are trying
to impose central control which
rules every phase Of every mans
Life. The measure Of success
achieved by the Red regime. thus
far has been attributable to huge
army and to an ability TO halt or
retreat whom the going gets too dan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

on its support, voted to accept
the previously Scent offer.
Last Friday the CLIO, still insist
ing it has legitimate grievances.
sent It's lawyers to Knoxville, Tenn.
to appear in Federal Court and ar
que against use of the Injunction
in the Paducah-Oak Ridge disputes.
The appeal came after several con-
ferences between the union and
Acc officials.
The Carbide and Carbon Chem
ical Co.. able to charge up wage
increases to the Government under
it's cost-pkls contract, has main
tanned generally passive attitude
throughout.
Deeper Grievances
Behind the controversy and the
demands for money, the CLIO insists.
lie still deeper grievances. AT an
Acc hearing on Monday, Union
President Elwood Swisher stated
them as follows:
1. Housing. Mr.. Swisher told the
commission that from the very be-
ginning of the atomic energy pro-
gram ''the prime irritant, the basic
source of dissatisfaction" has been
poor and inadequate housing at the
atomic installations. The Govern
ment, he charged, has parceled out
housing on basis of job classifica-
ton and has evicted tenants from
some units ito force them, If they
are to remain in the community,
to purchase or rent the units which
were built under :. inflationary
FILA programs" It has also, he
said, evicted jewellers Of trailer
camps, and has permitted "exces-
sive rent increases" in some Jerry
built houses"
2. Health. Mr.. Swisher quoted the
head of the Oak Ridge Hospital
Board of Trustees as saying the
present 260-bed hospital, built in
1913, is mot conducive to economy
and the efficiency of our employees"
3. Schools. Mr.. Swisher said there
are attempts to reduce the outlay
for the Oak Ridge school system In
an apparent attempt to lower stand
ards. At present, he said, the school
system has high standards which
should be maintained as BELTS "this
community which has attracted some
of the most highly skilled workers in
the country
4. Community facilities. ltbrdri
and fire protection. All are made.
quate, Mr.. Swisher asserted. AL sui.
fer from the fact that the atomic
installations represent Captive COM
munities" under close control by the
Federal Government
The Acc suggested that 1t!
proposals to return both Gal
Ridge and the atomic town at Rich.
lands, WASH, to the hands Of thei
residents should do much to soly,
community problems. The plan /
authorized in q bill submitted in thu
closing days of the congressiona
session. The measure was no
enacted, but Acc officials said the.
plan to ask for it, reintroductiol
next January.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
Picking the Votes

Not all the record votes in
the House and Senate were used
in this study Of area Congress-
mems records. There were I'll
record votes in the Senate, rs in
the House-too many to study
here one by one.
Key votes chosen here are not
necessarily those on final pas
sage of complete bills. but they
show how nearby congressman
stood on key amendments and
motions that decided major con-
troversies and issues.
One difficulty in checking q
Congressman's record can be
traced to the practice of ap-
proving measures by voice or
standing votes, with no names
recorded. Almost all District
matters were decided without
recorded vote.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
Me- orthy Hearing
Different Approach to Be Used This Week
In Attempt to Try Wisconsin Senator
By Cecil Holland

Democrat. of Arkansas. The abiIl
of particulars" has been broken down
into five main groups Of charges
with q total Of Is specifications.
The committee, according to Sem
ator Watkins, selected those charges
1t considers "the most important"
They are ones on which most Of
the information already Is on record.
They range over many Of the Sem
ator'S activities, and the general
opinion is that they AFFORD an ample
framework for exploring whether
Senator McCarthy's conduct merits
censure ny the Senate.
Inc flrSt OF the nve main cate
CORES OF charges relates 10 senator
McCartny's alleged contempt OF the
Senate or Senatorial committee.
These are based on his refusal to
comply with the request Of . Senate
Elections subcommittee In 1852 to
testlfy about his financial activities
curing an lnveStlgatlon OF the WIS
consin Repunhcan's 1eud with FORM
er Democratic Senator William Ben
The WORDING Of these overall
charges indicates that the Watkins
committee has no intention of going
into the Wisconsin Senator's finan-
cial affairs or the so-called Lustron
deal in which Senator Mccarthy re-
ceived $4,000 for writing a booklet
on housing. Informed committee
sources said the investigating Sem
ators will try to stick directly to the
charge OF whether Senator McCar-
tny's actions in that investigation
constituted contempt OF the Senate.
Inc second ana third overall
charges represent perhaps the most
important OF those that will be con-
sidered by the special committee.
Iney involve. first. Senator McCar-
thy suggestlon curing the McCar-
iyaimy meanings tnaG Govern
menu elnpioyeS' oesplee tner oatns
=. vlee ano security oirecuves'
s sin s suIn over classineu ln1orma-
: ..o.i ~. W nm, anu secoilu' MS use our
1 s C,iose meanings % claSSlneo
ia ooculnen1.
Hoover Testimony
:. :. =. 49,.
s. 40 -, vn Sieee wv charges the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

The place will be the same and one
Of the old principals will be there.
Otherwise, there will be little In
outward appearances Of the new Nc
Carthy hearings to remind the public
Of the rip-roaring Army-McC arthy
circus Of last April, May and June.
Only the Junior Senator from Wis
consin and the marble-walled Sen
ate caucus room will be familiar.
There will be no television cam
eras lining the walls, no news pho
tographers crouching down before
o witness. Therell be six Senators
instead Of seven sitting at the man.
moth committee table. And, If the
proceedings go as planned, there'n
be few i1terrupting shouts Of Point
Of order!" or "Mr. Chairman. Mr..
Chairman!"
That doesn't mean therel be no
drama in the Mccarthy censure
hearings to get under way at 10
am. Tuesday before q special Senate
committee Of six members-three
Republicans and three Democrats.
But it will be drama of a different
kind from the tumultuous give-and-
take of the Mccarthy Army hear
ings the Nation witnessed on tele-
vision.
Low-Key Dromo
It should be. instead, drama Of a
subdued tone, the kind of drama
found in courtroom, no less real
because it is not flamboyant. Under
meath the proceedings there will be
the tenseness of the Senate placing
one of its members on trial-and
for Senator Mccarthy a critical
point in his political career.
Censure moves have been rare in
the Senate-three in all, dating back
TO 1850. With so few precedents
to serve as guideposts. the Senate'S
special committee headed by Senator
Arthur v. Watkins, Republican. of
Utah has plowed It's own procedural
furrow by setting up the Mccarthy
investigation as a judicial or semi
judicial inquiry.
Court rules will furnish the frame
work Of procedure and in keeping
with those ruleS-and the Senate it
self-there1l be no smoking in the
hearing room. "You don't smoke in
the Senate" says Senator Watkins
by way Of explaining the reason
for q rule which newspaper report
ers and others. given to chain
putting to relieve the tenseness Of
= hearings. may find little hard to
follow.
Three of Six Are Lawyers
Three Of the six Senators sitting
As Judges" are lawyers-Senator
Watkins and Democratic Senators
John c. Stennis of Mississippi and
Sam J. Erwin Of North Carolina.
Other members are Senator'S Frank
Carlson Of Kansas and Francis Case
Of South Dakota, Republicans, and
Edwin c. Johnson, Democrat. Of
Colorado.
The inquiry will be conducted on
the basis of the committees own
bill of particulars" drawn up from
46 specific charges made on the
Senate floor against Senator Nc
Carthy by Senators Ralph E. Elan
ders, Republican, of Vermont,
Wayne Morse, independent. Of
Oregon, and William Fulbright,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

the foreign aid appropriation bill by
5000 million. It was about the big
gest cut that had q chance Of pas
sage. Only Senator Byrd supported
the reduction.
. Seo,DGy. The st. Lawrence sea-
way. which may take business away
from the port Of Baltimore, was
approved, 81 to So, but al area
Senators opposed it.
. Statehood. Democrats moved to
join Alaska to the Hawaii statehood
bill-a move interpreted as an at
tempt to scuttle both proposals. It
succeeded. The Senate vote was 46