davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07

IS percent of the quality in the
best condition.
2. Second. the system must
not introduce extraneous tones.
since Qhm's law tells us they
viii be perceived by the ear. The
extraneous tones are frequently
inharmonious, and can be pro-
duced by non-linear distortion
distortion caused by overlooking
some element Of the system.
Avoid Overlooking.
Fol example, driving a loud
speaker too hard will move the
voice coil partially out of its
magnetic field and into the re-
gion where the electrical force
is non-linear. Even though the
current through the voice coil
represents q pure tone, the
sound radiated will have extra
neouS tones, whose freQuencieS
are harmonics of the funda-
mental frequency. This distor-
ton is called overload, or nom
linear. distortion.
If the voice coil Is driven too
hard by a tone of very low fire.
quency. such as might be pro-
duced by pipe organ. when a
relatively high frequency tone is
also present. due to a singing
voice. then decentralization
products will be produced, in ad-
dition to the harmonics of the
low frequency tone The inter-
meditation products are extra
neous tones conferred near the
high frequency tone. In this
instance of the overloaded voice
coil. the decentralization prod
ucts would create the illusion of
a tremolo.
A friend Of mine relates that
he was once listening to q broad
cast of a boy soprano accom-
panied by a pipe organ. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07
Scientific Lowdown
Hi-FiMokes Your Living Room
Sound Like q Concert Hall
Dv Dr.. Richard K. Cooh


ftttlt 0ofNeH8 w Sstsss>S~SsN -
vibrations, that Is to say, the
number Of cycles per second.
Second. we notice the
loudness, which increases
when the intensity Of the sound
increases. The acoustical en-
gineer calculates the logarithm
of the factor by which the
intensity increases. The deci-
bel increase is ten times the
computed logarithm. For ex-
ample. an increase of intensity
by a factor of four is six deci-
bells. An increase by q factor
of ten Of the sound intensity
is equivalent to ten decibels.
Timbre Important.
Third. two musical sounds
might have the same pitch and
loudness and yet have differ
ent timbreS. This introduces
the idea of a compound musi-
cal sound which has q number
of simple tones Of different
frequencies whose relative in
tensities determine the timbre.
Broadly speaking. the timbre
enables the listener to identify
the source of sound regardless
of its loudneSS.
This brings US to Ohm's law
in acoustics which Is import
ant in the design of high
fidelity systems. The law states
that a listener perceives the
component simple tones in a
compound musical sound. Thus
by careful attention when mid
die C Frequency $50 cycles
per second) Is struck on the
piano, a listener can hear the
first overtone one octave higher
whose fequency is $50 cycles
per second) in addition to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07

Many a prospective hi-h pur-
chaser may easily be disheart-
ened by the cost Of equipment,
for there is no denying that the
price of a first-class installation,
including electrical gear and
suitable cabinets for concealing
it. can run into several hundred
dollars.
But If you happen to have
more spare time than spare cash.
If you are not afraid to look q
screwdriver or a soldering iron
in the face. or If you take pride
in a moderate woodworking
skill, you can reduce the burden
on your pocketbook, perhaps by
as much as one-half. by building
part of the equipment yourself.
It isn't as hard as it looks.
AS a start, consider the cost
of cabinets. The man who is in
a position to build and finish his
own woodwork, even though he
buys all Of the electronic system
units ready-made. can expect to
shave of large part of his hi
fl bill simply because of the fact
that commercial furniture-mak.
ing is an expensive process.
Assemble Your Own.
Even if specialized furniture
design is not your forte, the cab
met expense can be minimized
by purchasing one of several
available equipment" cabinets,
designed for inclosing record
player. radio tuner. and the like,
in knock-down form.
In such kits the cabinet sides,
top. ETC.. have already been cut
to size, and all that remains for
the home constructor to do is
to assemble the pieces. The wood
Is unfinished and the final ac-
ceptance Of the cabinet as a
piece Of furniture is limited only
by the finishing skill of the as
sembler and the time he wishes
to spend on the job.
II you have doubts about your
cabinet-making skill. remember
that home construction of the
hi-f1 system need not be confined
to its decorative parts; it is pos
sible to go as far as one likes
IN building what is inside.
Four Basic Units.
The typical home music system
consists of four major units: An
FIN radio tuner (which may in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07

boys tones were pure and SIM
pie until the organ music came
in at which point the loud
speaker was overloaded and the
boys voice suddenly acquired a
disagreeable treniolo.
Dual Speakers Needed.
This is one of the reasons why
high-fidelity systems need a dual
loudS pes ker combination. A
small horn-type speaker
("tweeter") radiates high-fre-
quency tones, and is used in con-
junction with a low frequency
cone-type .loudspeaker C"woof-
err.
Finally, the high fidelity sys-
tenn should have auditory per-
spective." This means that the
musical sound arrives at the
listeners ears from several di-
rections with appropriate time
delays. as it would in an audi
torium with rejecting walls.
One method of achieving this
is by means of a two-channel
system lone channel for each
ear leading from the audito-
rum to earphones. Anothe,
method. admittedly a compro-
mise. would use several loud
speakers on the same electroniC
channel in a room. Each loud
speaker would have its voice col
signal current retarded by ar
appropriate time. so as to simu-
late the reception of reverberant
sound in an auditorium. The
name commonly used for such q
multiple system is stereophonic
The engineers job is not as
bad as it might be, though. II
he were designing for hearing by
dogs, he would have to extend
the frequency range to $4,000
cycles per second, and to 10000
cycles for bats!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07

lion times more intense than
threshold!
Finally, we can see from the
accompanying chart that musi-
cal instruments produce audible
sounds over q range from 40 to
$4,000 cycles per second. Ex-
cept for the piano. the lowest
frequency produced by any must
cal instrument can be heard
Evidently for the lowest notes
on the piano, only the overtones
can be heard. The dynamic
range Of orchestral music is
more than 20 decibels.
Two Requirements.
We can now see what a high
fidelity system has to do:
/. First and foremost. it must
be capable of producing faith
fully all frequencies between 40
and $4,000 cycles per second.
This means that not only must
the frequencies be radiated by
the loudspeaker. but each COM
ponent tone must have its cor
rect acoustic intensity, and so
the dynamic range of the system
theoretically should be at least
70 decibels. Live FIN radio
broadcasts cover about go deci-
bells. and long-playing phono-
graph disks do not cover more
than 40 decibelS.
In high-fidelity jargon. the
entire system. from pickup to
microphone to the output loud
speaker. must be fiat" If the
system is not fiat" it is said to
suffer from frequency distor-
ton" If system cuts of all
freQuencieS less than l25 cycles
per second. or all frequencies
higher than 5000 cycles per
second. its quality viii be only
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07
fundamental pitch determin-
ing tone.

fundamental pitch-determin-
ing tone.
Fourth and last. a listener per-
ceives the direction from which
musical sound comes. II he is
near the orchestra in an audi
forum. sounds Of the various in
struments will obviously come to
him from different directions.
II he Is seated farther back. he
will perceive reflected sound from
the walls as well as the direct
sound from the orchestra.
Hearing Deteriorates.
The ear Of man responds to
all frequencies between about
20 cycles per second and 1900
cycles per second. although the
sense of pitch is lost for fire.
quencies higher than about 5000
cycles per second. The sound in
tensity which can just barely be
heard at any particular fire.
quency Is called the threshold
Of hearing for that frequency.
The threshold Is about the same
for both sexes at the same age
during youth and early middle
age.
The hearing Of children Is
somewhat more acute than that
of adults. Elderly persons have
definite loss Of hearing (that
Is. q rise in the threshold) at high
frequencies. At so years Of age,
men have an average hearing
loss Of about 80 decibels at 1000
cycles per second, whereas the
loss is only Is decibels for
women. The dynamic range of
hearing is astonishing. At fire.
quencies near the center of the
gamut Of hearing. sounds can be
heard over q range of 100 deci-
bells. This means that the loud
est sound which can be COM
fortably heard Is a million mil
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07
Scientific Lowdown

A high-fidelity broadcast or
phonograph record makes the
listener. seated in front Of his
loudspeaker at home. feel he
is hearing exactly the same
musical sounds as we're present
in the studio or auditorium. Let
us examine hearing and musi-
cal acoustics briefly and see
what requirements they impose
on high fidelity systems.
When we listen to musical
sounds. four subjective Quali-
ties are evident.
First. we are aware Of the
pitch. which is measured by
the frequency of the sound
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07
Il. ovERroNEs
BASIC TONES

BASIC JONES oVERT0NES
or tones thee nhear
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Citizens Groups
Rap Andrews Plan

Representatives of seven civic
groups in the ForeStville (Mdo
area last night added their pro.
tests against a plan for com.
mercial planes to use Andrews
Air Force Base.
They adopted a resolution to
be sent to Secretary of Air Tai
bolt, Secretary of Commerce
Weeks and the Maryland dele
CATION in Congress.
Groups represented were the
Forestville, Glen Arden, Beaver
Heights, Aodelle. Fairmont Park.
Progressive and Highland Park
Citizens Associations.
The resolution was drafted by
Mrs. Irma Bogdanoff. chairman
OF the Prince Georges County
Civic Federation's Local Affairs
Committee, who was guest
speaker.
Fred Spinks, president Of the
ForeStville group, said citizens
approve continued use Of the
field for military purposes but
oppose commercial planes there
because of the extra hazards to
nearby homeowners.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Two Canadian Boys,
Adopted by Altman,
Among New Citizens

Two Canadian boys adopted
by a flying Colonial are Ameri-
can citizens today.
Hobbling on crutches into
Upper Marlboro circuit court
with a plaster cast on his leg,
5-year-old Ryk Van Benthuysen
stood resolutely beside his
brother, NelS, 6, as both were
naturalized yesterday by Judge
Charles C. Marbury.
Ryk broke his left leg in a fall
off his tricycle.
The boys and SO other persons
received final citizenship papers
yesterday in day-long ceremon-
les.
Col. and Mrs. Max E. Van Ben
thuysen of 1908 Earl drive,
Forestville, adopted the boys in
1913 while the flyer was stationed
in British Columbia. The family
came back to the States a year
later and after duty at scattered
points the officer was assigned to
Andrews Air Force Base.
Other naturalized and their folrne
edESRFMANY-Hilde Kaethe Mordente.
4O16 Twenty-ninth street. Mt; Rainier.
She was permitted to change her name
berg. 4O5 Greenlawn drive. Hyatts-
VILE; Nancy Lea Norris, Andrews Air
Force Base: EdeltrsId Marie ., Erida
ponshue. s504 sixtieth place. Berwyn
Heights: Elizabeth Charlotte Adams,
Andrews Air Force Base: Leon Ciestolka.
MuriE. S5oi Southern avenue, Sc. His
neliese Haussner Clancy, 5605 Second
Zehner, Mitchellville: Anna Theresa Cox,
H zsGS a kaPs gishard Bonner. S7i4
cANA6A@Edns Alien sugden Dayson.
S gina E MhSRR Myers ssi$ coeksSill
9 9ufiet Aude t08 Cover 6e17
5eS to drop her st t ts9 Street
Bradbury Heights; Douglas Grant Er-
fkne same so5 ad 6csSv . Wism ra WS
1892 Heating. street Sc; Irene Domi-
nelli 5OO6 Thirty seventh avenue. Hy-
attsville: Hetty Robbins. 70l Seventy.
stsnsaeidi 4san n street ,HiIlsidsi
IRELAND-Ellen Tresa Lillian Hicks,
1906 Bunker Hill road, Mount Rainier
ROMANIA - Rosa Knobler. Upper
AUSTRIA - Maria Aurelia Myrdal
cECHosLovAKIA- Iva Mostecky
| $500 Nicholson street, Hyattsville.
GREECE = Eva Karavangelos. liz
Sixty-fifth street. Maryland Park.
| TTALY-Gabriella Alberta Nemez Hurl'
! but. College Park.
POLANDGAngelika Hildegard Brady
| 55O7 Monroe street. Hyattsville. She
| dropped her middle name; Alice Ingric
Prescott. 1921 Thirty-second street
sCOTLANDEThomas George Murison
2702 Webster street. Mount Rainier.
rell avenue, Forest Heights
CHILE-James Simpson. 6311 Forty
seventh avenue Riverdale.
| RUSSIA-Aaron Sagalovich,. h02t
Thirty eighth avenue, Hyattsville. His
name was CHANGED to Harry Siegel
| Wilma Sagalovich. 5n2C
| Thirty EIGHTH avenue, Hyattsville. Hell
| name was changed to Violet Siegel:
JAPAN-Vlrginia May Hummel. 14Ol
Forty-eighth avenue. Coral Hills.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
McKe|din Forecasts
Bright Future for
Maryland Builders

Gov. McKeldin today forecast
a bright future for builders in
Maryland as he addressed the
opening session of a day-long
conference sponsored by the SUBJ
urban Maryland Builders in
Silver Spring.
Some so persons were on hand
as the conference was opened by
Carl Freeman.
For years ahead this country
is going to have an almost in
satiable appetite for new build
ingS," the Governor said. "Our
high birth rate and increased
longevity alone will keep the de-
mand high"
Gov. McKeldin, however, added
there is a growing demand for
replacement of substandard
houses.
The Governor called for sound
planning to make certain the
right type Of buildings are put
in the right environment.
He said nearly r-flfths Of
the States residents live in
areas where planning commits
sions exist. The Governor en-
phasized that land could no
longer be treated as an mex
haustible commodity.
Today's conference at the In
dian Spring Country Club was
called by the builders so they
could discuss. and iron out theil
problems with department heads
in Montgomery and Prince
Georges Counties, and with off,
Gals of the Maryland National
Capital Park and Planning Com
mission and the Washington
Suburban Sanitary Commission
The tenor of the session was
set by Mr.. Freeman, who en-
phaSized that time was the "life
blood of the building industry
and delays at the governmental
level were costly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Maryland News Buys
Silver Spring Shopper

Purchase Of the Silver Spring
Shopper, Inc. by the Maryland
News was announced this week
by Roy o. Mccoy. publisher of
the News, and William M.
Wright, Shopper president.
Mr.. Mccoy said the Shopper,
a. shopping guide which carries
no news, will continue to be pub
lished each Thursday. 1t will be
distributed separately from the
News. He said the Shopper Of
fees will be moved from the Fig
Building to the News offices at
8506 Georgia avenue.
New officers of the Shopper are
Andre F. L'EveQue. president and
treasurer; Mr.. Mccoy, vice preSi-
dent and secretary, and Joseph
E. Keller, vice president.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
THIS SUNDAYS BEST READING
1he Sunday $far

THE NEW coNGREss-Whot will Congress look like the Democrats
after the November eecons' Stor So Writer j.
oeo would heed key committees tho
See the Sunday Editorial Section.
BICYCLE RAcNcs coMBAcK-An old sport fOt resoinns popu-
ory in the District Steed Evans okes look ct
roens IS members pedoGns lite into on
old postime n The Sunday So PetrOiaI Mosozne
SOUTHERN CHURCHES Southern
denominations foens moral and practical implications
Supreme Courts decision bonnns segregation the Notions
Copor Nonne Religious News Editor OF The
Stor, n the Sunday Editorial Section
HOUSE FUSLADEWhot it's like be shot down in the House OF
Representatives Representative Alvin NJ Bentley most seriously
wounded Reon NoonoEsts who emphed Their
pistols floor last March, Reed his exclusive story in This
Week Magazine.
JENKINS SENToR?-Whot the ehonees that the redouOtoe
Row Jenkins the Army eCohy hearings will moke
occupied BY Estes Ketoue Veteron
xson his prospects the light OF
political realities border Stote Reed in the Sunday Editorial
Section.
FOR YOUR BEST READING EVERY DAY WEEK ORDER THE
EVENING AND SUNDAY STAR HOME DELIVERY, $l75 MONTH
(NIGHT FINAL EDITION. 10 CENTS ADDITIONALLY PHONE
STERLIG 3-5000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Falls Church Needs
For New Schools
Put at STA Million

In the next six years Falls
Church will require more than
$1.4 million in new school con-
struction, the School Board has
estimated.
The board last night approved
the estimate, prepared by Supt.
Irwin H. Schmitt, in answer to
a request by the State education
department. The estimate does
not include an amount for the
purchase of the Oak Street
School, which the Fairfax School
Board has indicated it may sell
the city for something like $780,
900 to 100000.
The STA million figure was
called remarkably low" by John
A. johnson, board chairman. He
said more than half that amount
would now be available if the
recent 100000 bond issue had
not been successfully challenged
in court.
The breakdown of the esti-
mated school needs by June 80,
1860. shows:
George Mason High School
$399,139 in music, shop, band,
athletic, library and other rooms
originally planned under the
$500, 900 bond issue, and $444 .00O
for 20 new claSSroomS.
Mount Daniel School-$308, 1868
for six classrooms. a library and
a multipurpose room.
Madison SchOOl-$85, 900 for q
new multipurpose room and
$44, 400 to convert the present
auditorium into a library. music
room and health room and add
toilets on all floors.
Oak Street SchOol-$133. zoo
fir six new claSSroomS.
Board members, fearful OF
1eopardizing current negotiations
with the Fairfax board, stressed
that any planning on Oak Street
is hypothetical. Nevertheless. the
estimate submitted to State au-
thorities does not include a figure
tor a new school in the south
west section Of the city. which
| would be necessary If Oak Street
cannot be purchased from the
county.
The board put of until its next
meeting. July /. any discussion
of a new request for a bond-iSsue
election. The City Council has
not decided whether to appeal
the recent Circuit Court decision
which threw out the results OF
the last bond-isSue election on
the grounds of irregularities at
the polls.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Arlington Traffic Aide
Taking Navy Post

Mai. William G. Fawver, Ar
lington Police Chief. today an
nounced he has accepted the res
ignation of 1t. Frank C. Palmer.
head of the Traffic Safety Bureau
and a member of the county po-
lice force since 1910.
The resignation brings to IA
the number of vacancies in the
police division, Maj. Xavier said.
Eight of these were created by
new positions provided in the
1954-5 county budget.
In his letter of resignation, 1t.
Palmer. who is SO, said he has
been offered a job with greater
advantages" He said he will
become Navy Department traf-
fic safety engineer after July 8.
A native. Of Richmond, 1t.
Palmer helped organize the
county safety bureau in 1916
after his return from service as
a Marine in World War II.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Navy Divers Due
To Search Pit for
More Stolen Cars

Navy divers are preparing to
descend into the water-filled
Northern Virginia Construction
Co. gravel pit in Fairfax County
in search of more stolen auto
mobiles police believe might be
there.
One stolen car was retrieved
from the deep pit Sunday after
it was discovered by swimmers.
Fairfax County police made ar
rangementS to use Navy divers
today after they were tipped of
there might be more stolen We
hicleS beneath the water.
The car found Sunday was in
"a feet of water. Police said the
pit is more than so feet deep in
some places.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Thieves Take Equipment
Worth $50 al Warehouse

Arlington police today reported
thieves broke into a warehouse
Office last night, stole $3.50 worth
of equipment and pried open a
safe which contained nothing OF
value.
George G. McDonough, book
keeper at the F. A. Mcdonald
warehouse at 1918 Jefferson
Davis highway, said he discov-
cred the break-in at 7:45 am
today. He said acetylene torch
parts valued at 500 and four
brass valves worth $50 were
missing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Shop The Star First
For Your New Home

" you ore plonnine to buy home,
shop the big real estote section Of
The StoF tomorrow.
When you shop The Star real estots'
section first you will not only find
the widest variety Of real estote Of
ferinss for sole in the Woshinston
oreo, but moreover, you get heed
start in your important weekend
search for just the home you wont.
Besides you'll enjoy. every Saturday.
the mony helpful articles in The StoF
on whot to look for when you buy .
home, helpful hints fer home improve.
ment and the latest real estote news.
Don't miss the big reOI estote sec.
ton in The StoF tomorrow. Reed The
Star regularly. Phone Sterling 5000
for convenient home delivery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-18
Student Honored

Kenneth N. Valdes, son Of Mr.
and Mrs. Edwin r. Valdes OF
Chesterbrook Gardens near Falls
Church, Va, has been awarded
the Harvard Book" as an out
standing student at Falls Church
High School. The award. made
by the Washington Harvard
Club, is given outstanding stu
dents at the end Of their junior
year.