davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-10-10
First Of Four Spans
On Mexico City
Route Completed
BROWNSVILLE, Tex

The first of four bridges which
win convert the favored route
from the United States border
to Mexico City into q major
highway has been completed and
the other three are well along
in the construction stage.
The route leads southwark
from the Brownsville : Mata-
mores international gateway In
the lower Rio Grande Valley OF
Texas to a junction with the
Pan American Highway at Ciu-
dad Victoria, 1877 miles away.
270-MiIe Saving
It trims the distance from the
border to the Mexican capital
to 636 miles and provides q 270-
mile round-trip saving for Mex
leo visitors from most sections
of the United States.
Reports received from Mexico
indicate that the entire con-
struction program - which in
cludes resurfacing of the road
way from Brownsville to Ciudad
Victoria as well-will be COM
Evening star., 1954-10-10

sulting in dull withered brown
foliage"
DR.. Hugh Wilcox of the de-
partment Of forest botany at the
College of Forestry of the State
University of New York in Syra-
cuse, held that severe early
frosts which might occur dur
ing the natural wearing out and
prefalling period may kill the
leaves and prevent the colors
Evening star., 1954-10-10

factors. Most any unhealth-
full condition will cause disin-
tegration Of the complex and
relatively unstable chlorophyll.
Fungus attack is a common cause
of early fall colors. 80.
Cold Plus Sun
"The most brilliant coloration
appears to be brought about by
cold, sunny weather without
prolonged frost. Such condi-
tions really mean that now the
tree is not getting enough water
to retain the chlorophyll but the
leaves remain alive and the
stable pigments are unchanged.
A leaf is in autumn color from
the time the chlorophyll has dis
integrated until the protoplasm
is dead. A severe prolonged frost
may kill chlorophyll and proto-
plasm almost simultaneously, re-
Evening star., 1954-10-10
10 Reasons Why You
shevld discover Me
Dominican II
~
Republic

l America STARTED Hsrel
This is "the land that Christie.
phef Columbus loved. Here you'll
get 4 sense ofhistory-of America!
no other country can give you!
q MS The lund Of "FlRSTS"l
See the New Worlds first
eathedral-hrst university-6rst
hospital-osher fascinating "frsts"
dating back to 1893!
q MS The Land Of DISCOVERY
If you've "been everywhere"
you'll find . delightful tonic for
jaded travel appetites in this land
between Cuba and Puerto Rico!
A h's ihs Land Of coNTRAsTl
This is where an unspoiled
troPic wonderland exists alongside
modem 2oth-eentury civilization
80. where sky-high mountains and
sun-drenched beaches are only a
few miles apart!
& us me FRIENDLY Lundl It's
a self-supporting, debt-free
country. where you're welcomed
as friend and neighbor.
f Fs SO cLEANl Streets are
spotless-and wherever you
go, you can drink the water with
perfect peace of mind!
= MS coLoRFULI Bring your
eamera-to tortify golden
memories with snapshots of rare
orchids and flowers, cleaning
beaches, gay hestas and the new
friends you're sure to make.
g hs SO NEARI just 4 hours by
luxury airliner from Miami
a few lazy days by cruise ship from
New York or New Orleans! No
passport is needed
@ MS lNEXPENsIvEl Even at
such famous luxury hotels as
the Jaragua, Hamaea, and Montana,
rates are surprisingly reasonable!
(And there's no Exchange prob
lem"-U.S. and Dominican money
is alike in appearance and value!)
10 Rs FUNl You'll have the
travel-time of yourlife in the
Dominican Republic! See your
Travel Agent soon, and get full
infofmation--or write to:
Deninlsaa RepsbIie TssEisi 0iliss
Dept. 32z
20. Bex Iss3. 0rsnd essksl &lgliap
btsw YeIs ", NY.
sse. 9. 1sE go. wieshlnsiaa As1se
Evening star., 1954-10-10
Experts 7 ell
'WhyAutunnn.
CoIors Trees
ALBANY. n. Y.

Armchair experts" have been
saying when frost comes, so
does the color change" This,
from q layman's point Of view,
may be q good yardstick to falls
brilliance of the forests but there
are those who demand q more
scientific explanation.
The question Of the cause Of
color change crops up each year
and in answer to these inquiries,
the New York State Department
of Commerce obtained some
opinions from forestry experts
and botanists. Reasons for the
festival Of leaves included lack
Of moisture. fungus attack and
cold weather, the latter often
accompanied by frost.
According to DR.. Edwin B.
Matzke of the department Of
botany, Columbia University, in
a pamphlet, "The Finest Show
on Earth" the brilliant display
Of autumn "is the result Of two
sets of factors; one is the won-
derful assortment Of broad
leaved trees in the East. capable
Of developing these colors; the
other is the weather-the clear,
bright days and cool, crisp nights
that are so characteristic Of fall
in our Eastern States"
Direct Couse
Scientifically speaking. how
ever, the direct cause of autumn
coloration is described by DR..
Eugene c. Ogden, State botanist.
as the disintegration Of chloro-
phyll or green matter in the
leaf. This is due primarily to
lack of available moisture which
may be caused by weather con-
ditions, DR.. Ogden said.
DR.. Ogden points out that
during the spring and summer
months, various dyes and pig
ments accumulate in leaves.
With the breakdown of chloro-
phyll, the green color disappears
and the dyes and pigments,
which have been present all
along (but masked by the green
chlorophylD become visible.
"This breakdown Of chloro-
phyll may be due to one or more
Evening star., 1954-04-16
By the Associated Pres,

LINCOLN, Nebr., April 10
Mrs. Eve Bowring, Nebraska
ranchwoman and vice chairman
of the Republican Party in Ne
braska. was named today to fill
the United States Senate
vacancy created by the death
Monday of Senator Griswold.
Republican, of Nebraska. She
will be the first woman to rep
resent Nebraska in either the
House or Senate.
The appointment was an
nounced by Gov. Robert B..
Crosby, who only yesterday filed
for the full six-year term in the
Senate at the election this fall.
Mrs. Bowring will not seek the
full term.
1t followed by less than two
hours the filing of Republican
State Chairman David T. Mar
tin of Kearney for the Repub-
lican Senate nomination, now a
four-way race among Gov.
Crosby. Mr.. Martin, State Sem
ator Terry Carpenter of Scotts-
bluff and Walter A. Nielsen of
Omaha.
Evening star., 1954-04-16
GriswoId Senate Seat Given
To Nebraska Ronchwomun
Gov. Crosby, in Fall Race for Full Term,
Appoints Mrs. Bowring to Serve Meanwhile

Appointment OF Mrs. Bowring
restores the Senate to the polit-
ical lineup it had before Senator
Griswold's unexpected death
At Republicans, 48 Democrats
and one Independent.
Mrs. Bowring, reputedly one
of the States wealthiest women,
operates a 13,0O0-acre ranch
near Merriman, Nebr.
Her husband. the late Arthur
Bowring, who died in 1914, was
a Cherry County rancher who
had served both houses Of the
old two-house Legislature in
Nebraska. ole had homesteaded
in Cherry County in 1894. Upon
his death Mrs. Bowring took over
management of two Bowring
ranches.
She does much of cher travel
ing about the State by private
plane and frequently spends
long hours in the saddle super
viSing her ranches. She does all
her own housework and lives
alone.
Mrs. Bowring was first Wild
owed more than Is years ago.
She has three sons.
Evening star., 1954-04-16
Plans Made 10 Close
Big Oak Ridge Plant
In Strike Deadlock
Uronium-235 Output
May Be Halted for Year
If Shutdown Comes

OAK RIDGE, Tenn, April 16.
Federal mediators today aban-
doned efforts to try to settle a
threatened strike of 5000 atomic
production workers at three
plants here and one at Paducah,
KY.
An official of Local 288, CIO
United Gas, Coke and Chemical
Workers Union. said representa-
tives of the union and Carbide
& Carbon Chemicals Co. would
meet later in the day Ito discuss
the orderly closing down Of the
K-25 plant"
The K-25 plant is the huge
multimillion- dollar facility here
which produces fashionable ura-
nium-235 for atomic weapons.
It's operation is so complex it
has been said it would take a
year or more to restore it to
service if it were closed down.
Clyde M. Mills. assistant di-
rector of the Federal Mediation
and Cancellation Service, said
this morning that negotiations
had been broken off.
1T is a hopeless deadlock and
I have so notified my superiors
in Washington" Mr.. Mills told
a reporter. He said he was re-
turning to Washington this
afternoon.
Mr.. Mills said union and man
agement negotiators failed in all
night bargaining sessions last
night to reach agreement on
CIO and AFL demands for a
"Substantial' wage increase.
The strike deadline was ex-
tended to midnight tonight after
the negotiations continued into
the early morning hours today.
The CIO represents $500 work.
erS at K-25 and an additional
1000 at the Paducah plant,
which also produces U-235.
1t was believed here that Me-
diation Service Director Whitley
P. Mccoy in Washington would
either ask the Presidents atomic
energy labor relations panel to
take over the dispute or seek a
Taft-Hartley Act injunction.
At Paducah. meanwhile, it was
reported that about 1000 CIO
workers last night scheduled a
meeting for next Tuesday to
discuss the situation. and a
leader said no strike action was
planned in the meanwhile.
Neither union has announced
how much it was seeking, al
though one CIO union leader
said he had heard "34 cents
hourly"
Evening star., 1954-04-16
Army Court Finds Soldier
Guilty Of Four Murders

AUGSBURG. Germany. April
16. - A UEited States Arm y
court martial sentenced Pfc.
Abraham Thomas. 26. colored, of
Dooly Couny, Ga, to death last
night for the murder of ts.'
American soldiers and two Ger
man girls.
The sentence on the 26-year-
old Negro is subject to review by
higher authorities.
The 10-man court, two of
them colored, found Thomas
guilty yesterday of shooting and
stabbing Sergt. l.. c. Lafayette
Bennett of Kansas City, Kans.;
Corpl. Edward Peters of East
Chicago Ind. and two German
girls. Their bodies were found in
a cottage on the outskirts of
Augsburg.
Thomas pleaded not guilty to
the charges and described one
of the girls as his girl friend. A
witness said he acted 'in the heat
Of sudden passion"
Evening star., 1954-04-16
Five Governors Invited
To Drought Farley Here
BY the A.soeiotsd Press

AUGUSTA. Ga, April 16.-
President Eisenhower today in
vited the Governors of Texas,
Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico
and Colorado to White House
conference April 26 to discuss
storm and drought relief for the
Southwest.
Expressing deep concern about
the situation, the President said
in a telegram:
This concern extends not
only to measures to alleviate
suffering and protect property,
but to measures which will meet
the problem on a longer run
basis. This involves all the lev
els of government in working out
a cooperative program for i'm
proved land utilization and soil
conservation"
The Presidents invitation
went to Cows. Allan Shivers of
Texas, Johnston Murray of
Oklahoma, Edward F. Arm of
Kansas. Edwin L. Meachem of
New Mexico. and Dan Thorn
ton of Colorado.
Evening star., 1954-04-16
Two Payroll HoIdup Men
Get $4,000 and Escape
By the Associated Press

ORANGEBURG, N. Y, April
16.-Two gunmen executed a
neatly timed, bullet-splattered
holdup in front of the big Or
angeburg Manufacturing Co.
plant today, escaping with a pay
roll of about 100000.
The bandits drove up to the
plant in a heavy rain as a bank
messenger was about to enter the
building. They fired into the
air until he dropped the money
bag, then picked it up and fed.
The getaway car was found
later on a lonesome mountain
road six miles from the scene.
Police said it had been stolen
from Sugern. N. Y.
State police set up roadblockS
up to so to rs miles away.
The Orangeburg firm is one Of
the worlds largest makers Of .
type of conduit pipe.
Evening star., 1954-04-16
What Did indians Cheer
Eisenhower or Free Beer?

Vice President Nixon thinks
group of natives in India who
couldn't understand English
cheered him when he mentioned
the name Dwight Eisenhower on
his recent Far Eastern trip. But
the Democratic Digest, not one
to miss a chance to dig at the
Republicans, has come up with
a tongue-in-cheek explanation it
claims makes more sense.
According to an alleged Asian
correspondent named 'Tookmah
Hhopps." writing in the latest
issue Of the Democratic Nation
al Committees official publica-
tion. the explanation Of the incl
dent really goes like this:
Evening star., 1954-04-16

I'm the Lower Cambodian di-
alect Dwight is close in pro-
nunciation to 'dwaikt.' which.
roughly translated. means free.
In addition. Eisenhower Is
quite close to the native 'ieken-
dowah.' the name of a popular
local beverage which is quite
similar to your beer.
THE natives Of Lower Cam
bcdia await with avid anticipa-
ton the Vice Presidents gener-
Gus offer of such lend-lease aid"
Actually Cambodia is quite
some distance from India. being
one of the three associated states
of Indo-C China. Mr.. Nixon'S S
version will probably remain the
official account Of the episode.
Evening star., 1954-04-16
Fred Saigh Trying
To Buy Presses Of
Old Times-HeraId
Former Cardinals Owner
Says He Hopes to Stort
Newspaper in st. Louis

Fred M. Saigh. former owner
of the st. Louis Cardinals base
ball team, is negotiating to buy
the mechanical equipment of the
old Washington Times Herald to
start a newspaper in st. Louis,
the Associated Press reported
today.
Mr.. Saigh said he has talked
with Eugene Meyer, owner of the
Washington Post and Times
Herald about the equipment.
The Post recently bought the
Times-He
Wants All or None of 1t.
The former baseball club
owner said his bid specified that
he is to get all or none of the
equipment.
After the sale of the news
paper here. it was announced
that the presses of the Times
Herald had been sold back to
Col. Robert r. Mccormick, who
owned the mes-Herald. and
who owns the Chicago Tribune.
Philip L. Graham, president
and publisher of the Post and
Times Herald. said today that
report was true, but tnat his
newspaper is now negotiating to
buy back the presses He said
it has not yet been decided
whether the Washington paper
will use any of the equipment
or resell all of it.
II couldn't do anything with
part of it," Mr.. Saigh said. He
said he holds an option on a
building for the new paper in
st. Louis.
Mr.. Graham said the Post
and Times-Herald had received
a letter from Mr.. Salgh about
purchase of the equipment, and
that the letter had been filed
for attention later.
Hopes to Take Part of Staff.
Mr.. Saigh said he hopes to
take part of the TimeS-Herald
staff, both mechanical and edi-
torial, to ST. Louis if his bid is
successful
Mr.. Saigh recently was re-
leased from prison after serving
part of a term for income tax
evasion. He told newsmen be-
fore entering prison last May
that he hoped to go into the
newspaper field in st. Louis.
That city now has the evening
Post-Dispatch and the morning
Globe Democrat. Mr.. Saigh's
plans are to publish an evening
newspaper.
Evening star., 1954-04-16
l,l49 Building Firms Got FHA LooI
Profit, Revenue Agents Find. Poee Al

insured loans probably are pay
ing excess rent because the loans
were bigger than necessary.
The official. who asked not to
be named, said he was doubtful
that tenants could get back any
excess rent payments and that
he was not sure that the rents
could now be reduced.
The official made the disclos-
ure in the wake of the summary
dismissal earlier this week of
Guy T. o. Hollyday as chief
of the Federal Housing Admin
istration.
Oversize Loans Approved.
Housing Administration Albert
M. Cole. Mr.. Hollyday's boss.
said in news conference this
week that FILA had approved for
insurance oversize loans for the
construction of rental apart
wents under terms of a Govern
ment housing aid program ended
in 1850.
Mr.. Cole said Mr.. Hollyday
had known of. but had not acted
against, approval for insurance
of larger than necessary loans
foisted on homeowners for
house repairs and renovations.
This program is still operating.
Congress terminated the rem
tai apartment programs long
before Mr.. Hollyday or Mr.. Cole
took Office last year.
The housing official who said
such loans probably have boosted
rents in many thousands of cases
gave this explanation:
FILA has information showing
that in $50 projects loans ex-
ceeded ITO per cent Os construc-
ton cost and that in about 500
other cases, loans approved for
insurance by FILA we're between
100 and 109 per cent of construc-
ton cost.
$4,000 Apartments Involved.
In these 750 cases, about 100
apartments each were affected
indicating that about $4,000
apartments were involved.
Under the terms of FILA in
surance. loans should not be
greater than 80 per cent of cost,
as estimated by FILA The
agency does not yet know how
many loans ran between 81 and
SO per cent of cost.
Under the terms of FHA in
surance, rents must be placed
high enough to cover the repay
ment of the loan on the project
plus interest and other service
charges. operating costs and de-
probation.
Nhus, an oversize loan would
have to be converted into rents
larger than would be the case if
loans represented no more than
80 per cent of cost.
Since there was no apparent
fraud in these cases. he said. it
appears doubtful that any legal
basis could be established for re-
covery of rent covering the ex-
cess part of loans. This would
not necessarily be the case II
criminal collusion were discov-
cred.
Evening star., 1954-04-16
Other Stories on Meeting Of American
Society of Newspaper Editors. Pose AS

Editors declared that despite re-
cent disclosures regarding the
hydrogen bomb, the public is
farther behind on information
than ever before.
Paul Block, jr., co-publiSher
of the Toledo Blade. told the
editors that the Atomic Energy
Commission description Of a
17-month-old H-bomb explosion
raises the question of whether
the people must not be told a
great deal more, much sooner.
Notes Civil Defense Confusion.
In one section of the report
prepared by the ASNE's Free
dom of Information Committee.
Mr.. Block wrote:
Witness the confusion of the
Federal Civil Defense Admins
tration. The potential OF the
H-bomb required a major change
in emphasis in the teachings OF
this organization.
Nov, the watchword is eva
cuation.' And the training Of
rescue units is pinned to the
needs of rescuing other areas
rather, than ones own city,"
Touching upon possibilities OF
the future, Mr.. Block inquired:
What of the many stories
about the cobalt bomb, which
would set off a rain of destruc-
ton by the dropping of radio
active materials many miles
from the site of the explosion?"
Funds Seen Issue.
Mr.. Block said a pertinent
question in national defense pol
icy is whether more money
should be allocated for conti-
mental defense. He declared the
answer to the question is in the
hands of the electorate, but ne
wondered whether the people
have enough information on
which to base a sensible decision.
Elsewhere in its report, the
Freedom of Information Com
mittee suggested the enactment
OF a Federal law to compel Gov
ernment officials to disclose
non-military information if they
refuse to do so voluntarily.
The committee, which is
headed by j. Russell Virgins,
managing editor of the Wash
ington Post and Times Herald,
said, however. it has noted a
general Improvement in the in
formation policies of Federal
agencies
1t described Secretary of De-
fense Wilson as responsive and
informative" It said the Justice
Department has a friendly, CO.
(See EDITORS, Page A-5D
Evening star., 1954-04-16


the present he was withholding
information from the subcom-
mittee.
Mr.. Cohn told The Star from
New York that he was acting on
instructions from Senator Nc
Carthy, Republican, of Wiscon-
sin.
He said Senator Mccarthy in
Structed him to inform Ray H.
jenkins. special counsel for the
investigation of the controversy,
that nothing further would be
submitted until there was a sub
committee meeting to determine:
/. How an Army statement of
its allegations in the controversy
leaked out.
2. And what steps would be
taken to prevent further leaks
of information.
Mr.. Cohn made his statement
after Senator Symington, Demo-
crat, of Missouri, a subcommit-
tee member, released the full
text of the Army charges on
the grounds that portions of it
were being disclosed.
Not Criticizing SymingtOn.
Mr.. Cohn emphasized he was
not criticizing Senator Syming-
ton for his action.
I'VE understand that this was
done to prevent further injustice
to those concerned by leaking
portions of the report to two or
more newspapermen," Mr.. Cohn
said.
This development threatened
to delay the start Of public
hearings Thursday, although
members of the subcommittee
expressed the hope the problem
could be worked out to avoid
any postponement of the .in-
vestigation.
The inquiry is undertaking to
resolve charges and counter
charges involving Senator Nc
Carthy and Mr.. Cohn on the one
hand and Secretary of the Army
Stevens and John G. Adams,
Army counselor, on the other.
The Army, in a March IL re-
port, accused Senator Mccarthy
and Mr.. Cohn of exerting pres
sure on the Army to obtain spe-
cial favors for G. David Schine.
former subcommittee consultant
and now an Army private.
Senator Mccarthy and Mr..
Cohn countercharged that the
Army officials used "blackmail'
tactics in efforts to head off a
subcommittee investigation OF
Continued on page A-6. Col. l }
Evening star., 1954-04-16
Mystery Strike Hits
Atomic Job in Ohio

WAVERLY. Ohio. April Is (P).
Headquarters of Peter Kiewit
Sons Co.. major contractor at
the Portsmouth area Atomic En-
ergy Commission plant, still did
not know today what hit the
project yesterday.
Some $500 AFL laborers
walked off the project in an un-
announced wildcat strike, said
Joseph B. Lee, industrial rela-
tions counsel for the company.
He said that was all he knew,
but that he though he would
hear from the union today.