davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
Gamma GIobuIin
For .9MiIIion Shots
Ready in Polio Fight

Enough gamma globulin for
1900, 900 shots for group in
EQUATIONS are available this
year for the fight against polio.
But Montgomery, Loudoun,
Fairfax and Arlington Counties
and Alexandria City will get none
under recommendations of the
National Foundation for Infan-
tile Paralysis.
The foundation recommended
that none Of the gamma globulin
be allocated for areas where the
trial polio vaccine tests are being
run
The ONCE Of Defense Mobili-
cation through the Public Health
Service again this year will
have charge Of the ALLEGATION Of
gamma globulin. which scientists
believe may provide temporary
protection against the disease.
But family contacts Of polio
victims are not expected to re-
ceive the shots as they did last
year. Surveys failed to show
beneficial results in this group
and many scientists believe the
shots were given too late to be
be effective.
About 10 per cent of the
gamma globulin stock will be
kept in reserve. Another $780,
900 shots will be allocated
among the States soon on basis
of the incidence of polio over
the last five years.
The remaining $4,000 will be
dealt out by the Public Health
Service for ALLEGATION on the
basis Of unusual epidemic situa-
tionS.
Gamma globulin. in controlled
field tests few years ago, was
found to give protection for up
to five weeks.
The national foundation spent
$19 million on the gamma globu-
lin program for this year.
The ALLEGATION plan was made
recently in conference between
officials Of the American Red
Cross. the foundation. the execu-
tive committee of the Associa-
ton of State and Territorial
Health Officers and ODM.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12

sound. controlled commercial-
zation and industrialization
would provide the additional tax
income the county needs, Mr..
Scull said.
Montgornery's population will
continue soaring for at least 10
years. the real estate man said.
But taxes on new homes don't
pay for the additional drain they
put on county services, Mr.. Scull
said. Business and industrial
property more than pays it way,
he added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
Korea to Advance
Clocks 30 Minutes
BY the Asseeia,ed Press

SEOUL. Mar. 12.-South Ko-
rea and Japan are in the same
time zone. but effective March 81
Koreans will turn their clocks
ahead 80 minutes.
The decision to create a spe-
ciai time zone for South Korea
was made today by President
Syngman Rhee and his cabinet.
The United States 9th Army
did not say whether it will adopt
the new time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
Thousands Of Vaccine Shots
Generate No After Effects

fists at the National Institutes
of Health.
From each batch of vaccine,
samples are drawn.
Twelve rhests monkeys get an
injection of the sample in the
brain. Six cynomolgus monkeys
get intramuscular injections 10
times as strong as those given a
child.
Spinal Cords Studied.
Fol % days they are observed.
Then their spinal cords are stud
led for any signs of live polio
virus.
At the same time, other tests
are being run.
The vaccine Is put into a test
tube tissue culture. Six times,
the fluid about the tissue is
changed to give the virus every
chance to reproduce and grow.
Four rabbits. 20 white mice
and four guinea pigs also get
test NEGOTIATIONS in the search
for any Of the. three lives viruses
or side affects of the vaccine.
In from 80 to 40 days, the
tests are complete.
These same tests are conduct
ed simultaneously in the labora-
tory Of the manufacturer of the
vaccine at DR.. Salk's laboratory,
and at the Biologics Laboratory
at the National Institutes of
Health In Bethesda.
II any sign of live virus is
found at any point in these tests.
the entire batch of vaccine is
thrown out.
Even II 1t means not one shot
Of the vaccine is to be given this
summer, no vaccine is going to
be distributed by the foundation
until it passes all the safety
tests" DR. Herbert T. Wagner
regional director for the founda-
tons field tests said on Wednes-
day.
DR.. Wagner added the field
trials here are test Of the eff
fectiveness. not of the safety of
the vaccine.
In no school among "a Sc
lected for the pilot test in the
Pittsburgh area did less than
80 per cent of the parents sign
requests for the NEGOTIATIONS. But
Pittsburgh residents had been
conditioned to the tests by a
flood of reports on DR.. Salk's
progress over the last two years.
TOmorrOw-What Parents Can
Expect Here,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
Test Fight on Polio

Thousands of injections of the
Salk. trial polio vaccine have
been made without any adverse
after effects, according to a
research scientist who helped
develop it.
The statement on the new
weapon against infantile paral-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
By Alton l. BIokesIee
Assoeiuted Press Seionea Editor

NEW ORLEANS, Mar. IL. -
The children who get the Salk
polio vaccine this spring very
possibly will become permanently
immune to polio, DR.. Jonas E.
Salk finds.
He reported new evidence last
night for this unexpected and
heartening turn in research on
his famous vaccine.
He finds that two small shots
of the vaccine, with a third
booster" shot later, can even
Guido mother nature in creating
tremendous amounts of anti
bodies to combat polio.
Antibodies are disease fighting
soldiers which are created nat
urally when germs invade the
body or are created by plan by
giving a vaccine containing dead
or altered germs.
Answers Given Scientists.
DR.. Salk, 39-year-old Univer-
sity of Pittsburgh bacteriologist,
gave his answers on every score
to a few scientists who have
suggested delaying the mass vac
cine tests on half a million or
more children.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
World tension Has Eased
In Year, MoIotov Says
BY the Assoeio,ed Press

LONDON, Mar. IL. - Soviet
Foreign Minister v. NJ. Molotov
told a Moscow election meeting
yesterday that world tensions
have eased during the past year
The foreign policy of the So
Wet Union has to no small eX-
tent assisted in obtaining this
result" he said.
Molotov spoke in the Molotov
election district of the Soviet
capital, where he is a candidate
as deputy of the Supreme Soviet.
Molotov's speech was broad
cast by the Soviet radio and
heard here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12

Luxurious, plant flannel, the
favored fabric, in the seasons
smartest shades, Silver Grey and
Cambridge Grey. The look of
leadership that is the hallmark
of Stein-Bloch master tailoring
your finest value in superior mems
clothing Single and double-breasted SQE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
solIy Climbs stuirs,
Cows Customers
eY the As,eeiatad Pras,

INVERNESS. Scotland-Cus-
toners in q local vegetable shop
broke and ran when plaster
showered from the ceiling, fol-
lowed by a COW named Sally.
Sally was q refugee from o
nearby auction market.
Shed climbed q flight Of stairs
adjoining the shop to elude pur-
suit. only to have the landing
collapse under her weight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12
Economic Development Urged 10 Ease Iaxes

David Scuil, Silver Spring
business leader, last night called
for a program of economic de-
velopment" as a means of easing
taxes on Montgomery County
property owners.
Mr. Soul addressed the County
Commerce Association in a spe-
cial meeting at GaitherSburg to
encourage Upper County busi-
nessmen to join the group. He
is a former president of the as
ISOLATION.
Such a program based on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12


ysis, which will be tested on
Washington area school children
this spring. was made yesterday
by DR.. L. James Lewis, research
associate at the University of
Pittsburgh.
DR. Lewis statement followed
by two days completion of the
administering of shots to about
5000 first, second and third
graders in Pittsburgh schools.
Seven hundred other persons,
mostly children, have received
the full series Of three shots, in
the Pittsburgh area.
No Complaints.
eve have received no COM
plants from mothers Of any
after-effects. including tender
ness" DR., Lewis said. That's
remarkable"
DIR. Jonas E. Salk. who devel-
oped the vaccine. is so certain
of its safety that he. his wife
and their three sons were among
the first to be inoculated. He
said he has taken every precau-
ton known to science to insure
the vaccine's safety,
He used it first on more than
a thousand monkeys in his
laboratory in the Pittsburgh hos
pital where it was developed.
When he felt it was absolutely
safe. he received permission of
a number of parents of young
polio victims at the nearby D. T.
Watson Home for Crippled Chill
dren. BY last fall. some TOO per-
sons had been inoculated.
There have been positively no
adverse side affects" DR.. Lewis
said.
NO keVerS, no haSn.
No child developed a rash.
There were no fevers. no sore
ness. except a slight tenderness
like that caused by a pinprick;
no colds and no scars.
The only pain at the time of
incubation was no more than
that which would be caused by
a pinprick. DR.. Lewis added.
There were scarcely any
tears. and no fainting at all"
DR.. Lewis said.
And in all persons checked
antibodies that protect against
polio were found in the blood
streams after the inoculations.
DR.. Salk himself manned the
needle dealing out the one-third
teaspoonful Of vaccine to each
of 1877 children at the Arsenal
School. the first TO get shots in
the big pilot test.
A PlttSourgh newspaper gave
this account of the polio tests
there:
Quickly and most reassur-
ingly, he (Dr. Salk) administered
the shot Of vaccine. colored with
phenol red for production pur-
poses. It was over, and the boy
giggled with relief as he was
escorted behind a white screen
to rest for a few minutes.
Few cries Of protest, indignation
and fear we're heard until the
first bite of the needle was felt
by the youngest of the group
the first-graders."
The vaccine itself is safety
tested under standards prepared
by DR.. Salk and the National
Foundation for Infantile Paraly-
sis in cooperation with scien-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-12

This is the third OF series Of articles
presenting focts and expert opinions
about the polio voecine. its effective
ness ond safety foetors. to help
porents have as much understanding
OF the tests as possible.
Evening star., 1954-11-27
Ingenuity in Decorating
Small Apartment Needed

selection. both In furniture and
equipment.
It is surprising what can be
done on a just-getting started
career budget. For q one-room
home. primary colors may be
chosen. The walls can be painted
a cool. restful gray, with black.
white and red providing lively
accents.
In most small apartments,
closet and storage space are at
a minimum. The cooking area
may hold q stove, refrigerator.
sink, and small food compart-
ment. Everything else usually
has to fit into one medium -sized
closet in the mail room.
Careful planning can turn
this into q smoothly organized
storage unit. Extra blankets, bed
linen and towels may occupy two
top shelves. Hats. floor wakes.
brushes and other items can be
stored on small shelves in the
rear and a center pole holds
clothing. The closet door is often
pressed into service, holding sew
eral shoe bags.
A charming apartment can be
built around two basic pieces of
furniture, a love seat and q din
ing set. An diversified love seat
covered in gray and white tweed
Is nice. They can expand into a
double bed and also introduce
texture to the room.
| A second major expenditure
might be for California style
redwood table and benches. The
table, placed against an awkward
expanse of wall. serves as q back
drop for decorative candelabra.
fruit bowl and functional modern
lamp. When not in use, the
benches slide easily under the
table.
Second -hand furniture shops
can produce bookcases and oc-
casional tables. They can be
sanded and painted with black
enamel. Sofa pillows covered in
remnants Of expensive fabrics
make bright splotches Of color
about the room. Careful group
ing Of paintings can eliminate
Evening star., 1954-11-27

could ] use in the center? Also
what would you suggest to hang
over the buffet?
A.-You could use the brass
hurricane lamps but silver or
cyrstal ones would be more in
keeping with your 18th century
furniture. A fruit or flower
bowl in silver. crystal or -tole
would be nice for the center.
Hang an 18th Century style pic
ture or mirror over the buffet.
(Released By the Mcclure Newspaper
Syndicatel
Evening star., 1954-11-27

rooms in your house are painted
need not interfere with the dec
Grafton of the hallway. Leave the
woodwork as 1t is and get the
plaid wallpaper in dark and light
shades of blush gray. it will
make the hall lighter and the
plaid will give an illusion Of
space.
QIWould brass hurricane
lamps be suitable on the buffet
In my dining room? The furni-
ture is 18th century. II so, what
Evening star., 1954-11-27

bare wall areas. and unsightly
wall fixtures may be camoufiaged
with green's.
Questions and Answers.
Q.-The hallway is in the
center Of our house with all
rooms and stairways leading
from it. We had intended to use
a bright plaid wallpaper here
thinking this would cover the
scratches, hicks and marks but
since the entire house is painted
would wallpaper be out Of place
in the hall? The walls and wood
work are now painted a light
blush gray.
A.-The fact that All the
Evening star., 1954-11-27
BY Betty l-enohon

The decorating problems fac
ing the one-room apartment
dweller are many and varied, as
any one who has ever lived in
one can testify. The one-rool1l
apartment can be q horror
chamber Of mismatched clutter
or it can be q true home. q
haven Of quiet and relaxation.
The trick is to acquire the
know-how Of making the right
Evening star., 1954-11-27

omo
0 n vA lem
tt pradH Hrgh Alexandra the sign htwm H pass
Evening star., 1954-11-27

Life in Marian Park will give your fomy ever growing
heritage Of memories Here you live in distinctive
roundings in home whose ehom will pemeote your octvi-
hes Rolling green lowns informal outdoor oeos for fun
and reuxoton and interiors which excel in good looks and
modern plonnng will provide substonoI background for
your fomlys growing years.
The olbHck Sworthmore tpctured obove is versatile
spitevel home Coonio in style 10th Century in plan
ming Peose check floor plan to note spoeousnes Other
models include Stonford Dartmouth BuckneI and Boyor-
oil examples Of quality craftsmanship and advanced design
BY builder with over thirty years experience.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

parental chromosomes which
do not completely match.
Mutation-A change in the gene
structure of protoplasm which
results in changed hereditary
characters.
Half-life-The interval during
which half of any radioactive
originally present will disinte-
CRATE. Uranium has a half f-life
of several billion years. Radio
active iodine used in thyroid
treatments has a half life of
eight days. After six half lives.
it is calculated, only infinites-
imal traces of the original
substance will remain.
Roentgen-The accepted unit OF
radiation defined as ''the guam
tity of gamma or X-rsys that
will produce a certain electri-
cal conductivity in cubic CEN
timeter of air under constant
pressure and temperature.
Gamma Rays-Exceptionally po-
tent X-rays. the principle radi-
alton causing genetic damage
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Glossary Of Genetic Terms

The following glossary will be
found helpful in connection with
Science Editor Thomas r, Hen
rvs story series exploring the
effects of atomic radiation on
the human race:
Gene-An invisibly minute par
tlcle OF protoplasm which is
the recognized unit of heredity.
1t has the unique property Of
guiding and bonding together
of raw materials around it into
an exact duplicate of itself f"
Each of the trillions of cells
which make up the human
body contains the full human
complement of thousands of
genes. Those in the germs
cells are passed on to the next
generation.
ChrOmOsOme A fine thread
thousands of times longer than
thick, differentiated along it's
length into hundreds or thou
sands of functionally distinct
and individual Self-reproducing
regions-the genes Every cell
in the human body has 48
chromosomes.
Gonaofn-Tha nc of,,ro oory,, coll
of one individual, plant or ami
NAL.
ZygOte-The union of two germs
cells to constitute a new indi-
vidual
Hom0zygOte-An individual who
receives identical genes from
both parents.
Heterozygote-An individual with
Evening star., 1954-11-28
No. 4 in a Series of Six


generations to various irftensities
Of ionizing radiation. The i'm
plications are that nature may
tend to adjust the genetic con-
stitution of a population over a
considerable period to almost any
nonlethal radiation dose. Many
mutations take place in the germ
plasm. Many of them are, per
Sc, deleterious. With free inter-
course between individuals, and
with lines of lethal mutations
self limited, these gene changes
tend to be hooked up in all sorts
of ways and bad and good are
mixed together in the shuttle. A
bad gene in one set of circum-
stances might be a good one in
another.
Analogy in Poker Hand.
A suggested comparison is
with poker game-only in this
case played with from 10000 to
$4,000 cards instead of So. Every
individual can be likened to a
hand. Certainly in SO cases out
Of hundred the deuce of clubs
would be a bad gene" In the
hundredth hand it might fit
into a straight flush.
Still, it is stressed by DR.. Bruce
Wallace who is working at the
Carnegie Institution of Wash
ington's Division of Genetics at
Cold Spring Harbor, Long
Island. and DR.. M. Demerec,
director of the division, the re-
suits to date must not be con-
sidered as an answer to some of
the alarming predictions. They
are loath that their reports
should be considered as dis
counting the need for a far
more extensive and intensive
study of the problem than ever
has been possible. Both scien-
lists recognize clearly that fruit
flies are not men and that there
are considerable differences be-
tween the two animal species.
They believe, in common with
most geneticists, that the rules
Of heredity hold generally
through the whole range of life.
Details, however, are debatable.
The drosophila remains the most
convenient experimental animal.
The Cold S.oring Harbor workers
are letting The cards fall as they
will and abiding by the results
-stressin' that they were OBJ
tained wiz fruit flies.
Effects May Be Good.
There is some indication, DR..
Demerec says, that even some
human genes with deleterious
effects have at the same time
certain effects that are advan-
tageous. Such may be the case
with sickle cell anemia, a rarely
fatal ar1enic condition due to
q peculiar type of blood cell
which results from a germ plasm
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Shudow Of the Atom
Radiation Peril to Humans
Is Question With Two Sides

mutation, perhaps in the not
too distant past. The disease is
most frequently encountered
along the shores Of the Mediter-
ranean. It is serious and quite
disabling.
1t now appears, DR.. Demerec
says. that persons who inherit
sickle cells also inherit a high
degree of immunity to malaria
which has been a scourge of the
Mediterranean world. Thus bad
and good tend to balance each
other and the race persists. Why
sickle cells and malaria resist
ance should be caused by the
same mutation nobody knows
but nature tends to take care
OF its own There may be many
such associations in human
heredity. One explanation is
that the malaria organism can
not live in the radically changed
blood cells.
Details of Experiments.
DR.. Wallace irradiates his
fruit fly colonies in a chamber
with rather intense radiations
from radium-from 800 to 1000
roentgens. This is far more
than human beings could stand.
The lowest dose would kill al
most anybody. but a fruit fly
can take it and smile. The per-
centage of mutation in the germ
plasm, it previously has been
determined, increases propor-
tionately to the intensity of the
radiation to which it is exposed.
1t is assumed that by far the
greater part of all mutations
will be injurious to the species.
Many will be lethal. Eggs will
not hatch because the embryos
will die. Hence the experimental
fruit fly populations could be
expected to decline in numbers.
DR.. Wallace's procedure and
statistical treatment are some
what complicated, but the over
all results lis that the expected
doesn't happen. Natural selec-
tion, which means elimination of
the unfit, is here effective
enough so that fly populations
adjust and go on living and
breeding with their increased
number of mutating genes.
Geneticists Surprised.
Both DR.. Wallace himself and
DR.. Demerec are somewhat sur
prised at the result which seems
to fly in the face of theory. Much
of the genetic experimentation
with fruit flies in the past has
been carried out with individuals.
Bad mutations have been iso-
lated and their courses followed.
This may have led to some false
conclusions, DR.. Wallace holds.
His own work is not concerned
with individuals, but with mass
effects in populations of thou
sands. This is the important
consideration when studying the
effects of increases in the worlds
background radiation on the hui
man race. The work at Cold
Spring Harbor is only a single
line Of experimentation Il and
should not,st geneticists stress.
be considered entirely conclusive.
1t is only highly suggestive.
1t emphasizes the need, they
say, of controlled experiments
with mammals living as nearly
as possible under natural condi-
tions, not in cultures like the
insects. There can be no truly
valid exterpolation between the
somewhat noxious little insects
and man.
Tomorrow: How much radia-
tiOn is dangerous?
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Shadow Of the Atom
By Thomas R. Henry
Science Editor OF The Stor

In the face of warnings from
some of the worlds foremost
geneticists that the human race
way suffer serious deterioration
over a course of generations be-
cause of the inevitable buildup
In the background radiation of
the earth due to atomic bomb
explosions and other atomic ex-
periments, the only extensive
animal experiments to date in
dicate the danger may be quite
exaggerated.
These experiments have been
with fruit flies-colonies of thou
sands exposed for as long as 1876
Evening star., 1954-11-28

Lush plush twill back veeeens plain coo prints rich jewel ton
coor and plenty of black In lengths " 10 yards long for hodo
dresses, skirts, jumpers, All 3o-nehes wide.
The Nome nugget., 1954-04-02
House Appropriations Committee
Cuts SIS Million From Funds
Recommended for Alaska, Hawaii

WASHINGTON, Rl-The econ
omy-minded House Appropria-
tons Committee Thursday cut Is
million dollars from the recon-
mended Interior Dept. funds for
the territories.
1t was part of nearly SO mil
lion dollar cut in President Eisen-
hower's budget for the depart
ment for the year beginning on
July l. The heaviest cuts were on
the requests for reclamation and
the territories.
The committee recommended
appropriation Of $25,978,471 for
the territories, compared with
requested $4O,924,OOO. The appro-
priati0n for the present fiscal year
was S43,236,3OO.
The biggest cuts in territory
funds are AZ million off the re-
quest for the Alaska Railroad,
S2,940,000 off the Alaska road
item, and $5,825,OO0 off the trust
territory Of the Pacific budget.
The committee recommended