davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-09-19
Metropolitan Scene
Budget Demands Are Notably Modest

engineering firm to determine
feasibility Of abandoning
streetcar lines for conversion
to bus service.
4. Capital Transit has un-
dertaken to replace three Of
its present directors board
members with representatives
OF the local community inter-
est.
Gradually overcoming the
difficulty Of removing three of
the present board members,
the company may be ready to
announce requirements by
September 80.
II - y
Speneer's Trophies
Since his tenure of ofice
began, Commissioner Samuel
Spencer, as the Districts lead
ing citizen, has received a
huge key to the Capital Of
Turkey, a sterling silver
pitcher conveying the regards
of the mayor of Geneva,
Switzerland. and warlike
bric-a-brac and a brace of ele-
phant tusks from the EN-
peror of Ethiopia.
During the last week the
Eisenhower Republican ap-
pointee was sent the ultimate
in such presentations, the Of
ficial portrait of President
Eisenhower.
Would he display the framed
photograph over the elephant
tusks in his ante-room?
II guess I'll hang it some
where in the Office" Mr.. Spen-
Ger allowed.
Shift in Offices
The big shift in agencies
between the District Building
and Municipal Center will ac-
tuaAy begin in two weeks. ac-
cording to official best guesses.
The sales tax division is slated
to move first. Other units of
the finance Office will follow.
December IS is the target date
for completion of the whole
maneuver which must be &C
complished mostly over a
series of week ends so as not
to interfere with the conduct
of egency business with the
public.
Evening star., 1954-09-19
South Korea Threatened Again by Communist GuerIIos

filtrators through TO the south
ern provinces.
Nor do the Communists fear
Army divisions in guerrilla
country. They remember how
1t took four ROK and Ameri-
can divisions during the cru
cial winter Of 1852 to clean
up thousands Of North Ko-
reans in Operation Rat
Killer" These were the Com
munist soldiers left behind
when the Reds we're chopped
up following the Inchon land
ing and U. N. breakout from
the PuSan perimeter.
These Communist troops
lived in the hills as guerrillas.
But they were not trained to
fight as guerrillas. Itptook al
most six months to clean them
out. Once the organized guer-
rilla movement goes into ac-
ton. the RoKs may have to
send about eight Of their sorely
needed divisions into guerrilla
country. And the Reds would
welcome this move. Their
trained underground fighters
could commence to wreak
havoc among the ROK forces
and begin a type Of warfare
which will not draw too much
world attention, but at the
same time will draw the ROKs
into another war they would
rather not fight alone.
The Reds have carefully
boarded supplies hidden away
in the southern mountains.
And they are regularly being
supplied by small fishing craft
from Japan. There are thou
sands of miles Of unguarded
coastline and islands along the
South Korean peninsula. The
supplies sent by the thousands
of North Korean Communists
who move more or less freely
about Japan can easily be
slipped into South Korea.
BY the time all four Ameri-
can divisions have pulled out
of South Korea along with
other U. N. units, the ROKs
will be in trouble. And early
next spring-when the guer-
rillas leave their winter hide
outs-the Republic of Korea
will begin the second phase Of
its fight for survival.
Evening star., 1954-09-19

tally Italy, would not only be
no Improvement on the more
direct approach advocated by
Canada, but might result in
more months of the same
French procrastination which
helped kill EDO.
In his September 7 state
ment, I'M which Mr.. Pearson
reviewed the possible alterna-
tives to EDO, he asked rhe-
torically. Can a different kind .
Of Edo, with more limited
supranational powers, and
wider membership, take its
place?"
He might we'll have been an
ticipating the Eden plan when
he replied. mot without many
months of negotiation and
many more months of par
liamentary discussions before
ratification. But there may be
no longer enough time for this,
and as each month passes, the
difficulties in the face of such
a solution will increase"
If such an approach were
adopted, it's feared here that
in the many months" Chan
cellor Konrad Adenauer's gov
ernment might fall and be re-
placed by one more amenable
to Soviet Establishments. Or
NATO might start to come
apart at the seams. Or Amer
lean isolationists might make
such capital out of the dis
agreements of European poll
ticians as to weaken American
leadership of the Western
bloc.
NATO Itself at Stoke
Believing that it is impossi-
BILE to keep Germany neutral
and disarmed, the Canadian
government is apprehensive
lest the Western worlds action
on this premise result in the
destruction of NATO. For ex-
ample, Mr.. Pearson has pre-
dicted that a "do nothing"
course in which the present
status of Germany would be
maintained as long as possible
despite increasing German re-
sentiment, would likely destroy
NATO. He has also predicted
the same outcome for the res
toration of German sover-
eighty outside the Western de-
fense system, even If West
Germany were then linked in
bilateral defense pacts with
one or more Western countries.
Moreover, he said. either of
these solutions would end the
move toward European unfit
cation.
The Canadian government
made NATO the main founda-
ton of it's foreign policy after
the United Nations Security
Council became frozen in fu-
tility," as Prime Minister
Louis St. Laurent once de-
Scribed it.
Shodow of U. S.
If NATO were wrecked. the
government would still be
faced with the problem Of pro-
tecting this country's huge and
sparcely populated area. Little
aid could be expected from
Britain because that country
would be taxed to its utmost
to provide for its own de-
fenSeS.
Thus circumstances would
throw Canada into a tight
North American alliance with
the United States. Decisions
affecting Canada would be
made in Washington, and
Canada's independence would
assume the tenuous quality o1
that of a satellite country.
Officially this fear isn't put
into words here. But it exists
and helps explain the very
great concern over the future
of NATO, its bulwark against
both Communist aggression
and however well meaning
American domination.
Evening star., 1954-09-19

All in all, the dozen-odd
District departments that have
fled their. budget requests for
the fiscal year beginning next
July have come through
nobly.
Their average requested fund
increases over appropriations
OF the current fiscal year come
to only 8.6 per cent.
You could have knocked
budget officials over with a
decimal when the Health De-
partment submitted requests
only 6.64 per cent higher than
1855 funds.
Welfare Offender
More typically. the Budget
Office was stung by the outra-
geous decimals and dollar
marks of the Welfare Depart
ment whose budget requests
came to 29.6 per cent over cur
rent appropriations.
AS it has for years past.
Budget this year pleaded. with
the District Commissioners
consent, for restraint on the
part of the government agen-
cies. Previously the plea hadn't
registered.
The budget people-narried
men with sharp pencils who
forever fret over how to recon-
cile 5 cents of expenditure
with 4 cents Of revenue
drafted stern instructions to
the department chiefs. These
said in effect: Don't ask for a
thing more than those items
that Congress disalloWed in
voting the final appropriation
for fiscal 1855.
The Commissioners, how
ever, thought this type of Ian
guage too restrictive. They in
serted what has since become
known as the Kitchen sink"
clause. They kept the recon-
mended language tough except
for an added provision that
gave every agency the privilege
of including every item it re-
garded as "indisputably essen
tial."
The budget people paled at
this loopfole.
But the departments appar-
emily had got the drift. Short
Evening star., 1954-09-19

GERS are the first to admit, al
though privately, that Com
munist program Of sabotage,
subversion and guerrilla war;
ware will be difficult if not
impossible to contain" They
point to-as a proved example
the disruptive activities of
u. N. guerrilla forces that oper-
ated in North Korea during
the fighting.
Although this story has yet
to be told, U. N. partisans in
North Korea-amply supplied
by air and sea-pinned down
several hundred thousand Chi
nese and North Korean troops
along vital supply lines leading
south from the Manchurian
sanctuary" north Of the Yalu
River. These allied guerrillas
also destroyed bridges and
communications in hit-and-
run raids and marked Com
munist targets for destruction
by 5th Air Force bombers.
Allied secret agents operat-
ing with anti-C Communist guer-
rillas also spread demoralizing
"black" propaganda through
out North Korea, oftentimes
panicking civilians who sup
ported Communist military
units. At one time Allied
agents spread millions of dol
lars worth of counterfeit North
Korean currency throughout
the Communist dominated pc
ninsula as part of the black
propaganda effort. Then word
was whispered throughout
North Korea that currency was
counterfeit and Red leaders
were pocketing good money for
bad. A serious economic crisis
rocked the Communist regime
and only severe secret police
measures prevented an internal
blowup.
Think about it." this intel
ligence officer added, "think
about the damage we did in
North Korea with our under
ground. Multiply that dam
age a thousand times and may
be you can visualize the po-
tential extent of chaos an
organized Communist under
ground will create in South
Korea. Remember. the Reds
are past masters at this busi-
ness"
The expected Communist
outbreak of terror and sub
version could throw the ROK
national police force off bal
ance. American military ad-
visers to the national police
force have often complained
that the ROK law enforcement
agency is essentially a politics.
ridden organization without
the training, discipline or
strength to cope with an all
out guerrilla campaign.
Corruption
The national police are
poorly paid, clothed and
equipped. And the record
has shown that many South
Koreans have had reason to
fear corrupt police officials
more than Communist guer-
rillas. However, the police
force is presently undergoing
a needed but slow reorgani-
zation and training program.
But an outbreak OF guerrilla
warfare means that ROK
military units in division
strength will have to be with
drawn from frontline and
reserve areas and moved at
least three hundred miles
south. If this happens, por-
tions of the frontlines will be
left sparsely patrolled-some-
thing the Communists want to
see, for this will assure them
of getting most. of their in
Evening star., 1954-09-19
By John W. Stepp

revenues mean minimum de-
mands on the budget.
Department Demands
Health and Welfare aside.
here are the departmental de-
mands for increases. percent
wise:
Recreation. 10; general ad-
ministration, 9.06: police, 8.95;
fire, 7.94; highway, 7.13;
schools, Til: sanitary en-
gineering, 6.81; corrections,
5.72; Washington Aqueduct.
%, and corporation counsel,
2.07.
And reasonable as these re-
quests may seem, they still
figure to be cut since the Com
missioners themselves must
bear the ultimate .brunt of
congressional challenges re-
specting appreciation of dollar
marks and decimals.
4 4 ~
Transit Progress
The halfway mark has been
reached in discharging the
commitments of the Memo
randum of Understanding"
between Capital Transit Co.
and the District Public Util-
tiles Commission.
Nothing startling has de-
veloped since the original i'm
pact of the commissions
dropping its lawsuit to bar
company dividend distribution
for the first two quarters of
1854 and the company's SUBJ
sequent declaration Of a re-
duced dividend for the third
quarter.
And these further accom-
plishments may be ticked off:
/. Transit has gone, appar-
emily Fundamentally, into the
city's fringe parking program,
for better or worse, until lack
of patronage do us part.
2. Discussions between COM
mission and company have be-
gun to see if the white opera
tors of transit vehicles can be
persuaded to share the opera
tors platform with Negroes.
8. The company has engaged
the services of q New York
Evening star., 1954-09-19
Canada Opposes Plan
ToWiden Brussels Pact
By Gerald Worinq

,OTTAWA.-The new British
plan to expand the Brussels
pact as a solution to the prob
lem Of German rearmament is
:, finding little support In the
Canadian capital.
It can be stated authorita-
lively that the proposals which
British Foreign Secretary Eden
has been making in European
capitals this week have not al
tered the opinion of the Ca
madam government that the
best solution is the admission
of West Germany to full mem
bership in the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization.
The government here has
not considered it polite to
make a statement on the Eden
plan. Its opinion now would
only emphasize the differences
between Ottawa and London
on this issue-differences which
came to light a fortnight ago
when the Canadian govern
ment opposed the British idea
of tossing the German problem
into an eight-power conference
from which some NATO meln-
bers would be excluded.
Meaning of Silence
Ottawa's silence is inter-
preted as indicating on the one
hand dislike of the Brussels
pact plan, and on the other
satisfaction that Britain. has
come forward to offer leader
ship to Western European
countries stunned by Frances
rejection of the European De-
tense Community plan.
Behind the official silence
here lies the opinion that
NATO provides a simpler and
more effective means Of wrap
ping UP the German problem
without the dangerous long
delays which are feared to be
inherent in the Eden proposal.
In a speech September z
which set forth the govern
ment's views on the issue, EX-
ternal Affairs Secretary Lester
B. Pearson said the only prac-
tical and workable alternative
to EDO was full and integral
German association with the
Western collective system"
Mr.. Pearson, who is the main
architect of Canada's foreign
policy. advocated 'the associ-
alton with NATO Of a Ger
many, with her sovereignty
restored and the occupation
ended, brought about in a way
that will remove the anxieties
of Germany's neighbors, and
which will strengthen the
whole Atlantic system of col
lective defense"
Possibly with French reac-
ton in mind, Mr.. Pearson did
not speak bluntly of full NATO
membership for West Ger
many, but there is no doubt
that is what he meant, and
that is the Canadian objec-
tive. What is visualized here in
the event of Germany's admis-
sion is a more tightly knit
NATO than the present alli-
ance, with its strength and
unity assuaging French fears
of a rearmed Germany.
Canada is thus in basic
agreement with the United
States attitude on German re-
armament as evidenced by
Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles call for an early meet
ing of the NATO Council of
Ministers to deal with the
issue.
In holding out the admission
of Germany to NATO as a
practical solution, Mr.. Pear
son indicated plainly that he
doesn't believe France would
dare veto German membership
if the other 13 NATO mem
bers favored it.
BY comparison, it's believed
-. here that the scheme to ex-
.pand the Brussels pact to in
clude Germany, and inciden-
Evening star., 1954-09-19

along steep mountain roads
carry guards who ride shot
gum" Signal flags flash from
camouf1aged mountainside out
posts to wave an "all clear"
or guerrilla danger" warning
to truck divers and foot
travellers.
In defiance of ROK laws
many Korean men of all ages
carry guns to protect them
selves and their families from
guerrillas. But the guerrilla
threat, part of the history Of
violence since the outbreak of
war four years ago. has laid
desolate a valuable area
South Korea's rice-growing
district.
The Communists, on the
other hand, are all set to in
flltrate some $4,000 trained
guerrillas and secret agents
from training centers in the
north to the somewhat isolated
provinces in the south.
inadequate Police
This estimate has been made
by the North Korean bureau
of the ROK Ministery of Home
Affairs charged with keeping
law and order through control
of the national police force.
And the ill-equipped, some
times corrupt and inadequately
led and trained national police
at present is the only South
Korean defense against the
well-organiZed G o m m u mist
guerrilla movement.
An 9th Army intelligence
source a little more than a
year ago admitted that the Red
guerrilla movement consisted
then of "at least 10000 highly
trained men, some Of them
former secret agents who In
f1ltrated right into our POW
camps on Koje and Cheju Is
lands" And he disclosed that
the Communist underground
army is directed by the guer-
rilla guidance bureau set up
in 1851 by Soviet MVD per-
sonnel and Red Chinese ex-
perts in guerrilla warfare to
control underground opera
tions and the inf1ltration Of
agents into South Korea.
Grim proof that this guer-
rilla force is dangerous is the
identity of the men behind the
Red underground.
"The North Korean Guer-
rilla Guidance Bureau" ex-
planned the intelligence officer.
is under the direction of Gen.
Pae Chol, a capable and
ruthless Communist, a So
Wet army officer and a man
with a past-as a member of
the Soviet MVD secret police.
"This is the same general
who organized the revolts in
the Koje and Cheju Island
prison camps. During the Koje
Island riots Gen. Pae kept in
constant contact with prison.
er-agents through the ma
chinery of the Guerrilla Guid-
ance Bureau. This we know
through our own intelligence
activities. But we are still
puzzled by some of their meth
ods of communicating from
Pyengyang in the north to
supposedly isolated POWs in
solitary confinement on the
islands in the south.
Remember, also, that part
of this huge Communist in
telligence operation was di-
rected by Gen. Nam II, senior
Communist delegate at Pan
munjom. And to show you the
type of men we are up against,
I want to point out that Gen.
Pae was assisted by Gen. Kim
Pa, another known former So
Wet MVD agent holding a high
position in the North Korean
political security department.
Gen. Kim, in line with his
undercover position, at various
times was spotted at the ar
mistice negotiations disguised
as a sergeant or lieutenant.
These are some of the men,
expertly trained leaders. who
will direct fanatically we'll
trained guerrillas and secret
agents in the underground war
once it breaks out in full
force"
American intelligence off,
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
NOlneites Enjoy Midnight Sun Charter Trip

Twenty-Five passengers from Nome chartered Alaska Airlines' DC-3 for a Midnight Sun charter trip to Kotzebue Monday evening.
 The flight left Nome at 10:30 pm. and arrived Kotzebue about 1915 pm.
 The passengers were met at the Kotzebue field by car and truck and spent about an hour looking over the village.
 The weather lifted enough so that the midnight sun on the long est day of the year was visible above the clouds.
 The flight arrived back at Nome to find that town bathed in early morning sunlight despite cold winds. A beautiful view of Nome with the Square Sinnet and the North Star anchored in the road stead was afforded the passengers.
 Those making the trip were:
 "Vic" Hanson, Eliza Weckworth, Hazel Saunders, Norris Finch, Mary Ellen Walsh, Mrs. c. Wald- helm, Carrie McClain, Lola Ost, Wally Jones, Diane Boucher, Mrs. Tripp, Mrs. Jeanette Heath, MT. and Mrs. J. w. Lyon, Isabelle Miller, Margaret Steinbrech, MT. and Mrs. F. Metcalf, Esther Ston- ey, Jerry Amason, Dow Wood, Robert Neklein, Olaf Halverson, Nels Swanberg Jr., and Barbara Carlson.
 The passengers were taken and met at the field by 0 Cab. Esther Stoney almost missed the flight, arriving as the plane was ready to take off. The captain of the flight noticed the cab bringing her racing to the plane so the steps were lowered and Esther climbed aboard.
 Those who made the trip can stop in at Alaska Airlines' office and pick up their Arctic Circle Certificates.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
William Olsen, Director
 Of ANS In Alaska, Makes Visit To Second Division

William Olsen, director of the ANS in Alaska, is making his first official trip in Second Division and plans to spend some time cov- ering the villages having ANS schools, and studying the health and sanitation conditions.
 He plans to go to Unalakleet from here and will work out of there to the outlying villages after which he will go to Kotzebue and work out of there for some time.
 MT. Olson states that Dr. Joe Dean of the Public Health Service will be spending about 30 days in the territory particularly in the interest of sanitation.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
Utilities Board Plans improvements For Plant

The Power Utilities Board met last evening at the City Hall with president Dewey Goodrich pre- siding, and took steps for the improvement of the recently-ac- quired power plant.
 The board decided to purchase a new cooling system for the plant and to install some new power line poles which are badly needed in several places.
 Plans were also made for ex- tending the primaries and adding transformers so that. those who are being served in the extrem- ities of the community may have peak voltage.
 It was voted to increase the insurance on the power plant.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
Home Arts Club Honors
 Fritz's At Picnic Supper

Last evening the members of the Home Arts Club met for a picnic supper at the Community Center, honoring Gloria Fritz who has been an active member and officer of the organization.
 MT. and Mrs. Dan Fritz, who are with the CAA, have been transferred to Anchorage. They have been active in Cub Scouts, the baseball movement, Method ist church affairs and other activ ities for civic development.
 Mrs. Fritz was presented with sterling silver souvenir spoon with a Nome emblem.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
CAP DINNER POSTPONED

It has been announced that the CAP dinner which was planned for visitors from the Anchorage headquarters, has been postponed due to weather conditions, but that the group will arrive as soon conditions are more favorable.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
Need Women Ballplayers

WANTED m A softball team, women only. The Builders Supply Co. has a team practicing to play a game on the 4th of July. Captain is Mary Amarok and coach is Nancy Tripp, but to date they have been unable to get anyone to play against them.
 Any group interested are urged to get organized and have some fun at the new ball park.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
MIMI HOSPITAL,

Admitted: Esther Moses, Sam Alexine, Ann Statuk, Albert John son and Garrett Stoltzfus of Mar shall.
 Discharged: Garret Stoltzfus.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
MT. and Mrs. Richard Fredricks

of Oregon City are enjoying a visit in our community. They are visiting with their daughter, Mrs. Nick Lean, and family which in- cludes new grandson. MT. Lean is an engineer with the US. Smelling Co.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
TEEN-AGE DANCE TONIGHT

A chaperoned teen-age dance has been announced for this eve- ming at the building on Steadman Ave. The hours of the dance are from 9 until 12 o'clock.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
IN COMMISSIONERS COURT

Joe Nicholas Pete was held to answer to the grand jury for driving a motor vehicle without the consent of the owner.
The Nome nugget., 1954-06-23
IN THE RoADsTEAD

Yesterday the NV. North Star of the Alaska Native Service was in the roadstead enroute to Shish- maref, Kotzebue and St. Law renee Island before returning to Seattle to reload for the annual Arctic trip now scheduled for about the first of August.
 The MS. Square Sinnet has been delayed due to unfavorable weather and was forced to stop unloading again last evening. The ship is standing by, according to reports until it calms down, to complete it's discharging here.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-11
Dutch Defense Chief
Arrives Here tuesday

Cornelis stat, the Minister Of
Defense Of the Netherlands. will
visit the United States on an
invitation from Secretary of
Defense Wilson. He will arrive
here Tuesday.
On Wednesday and Thursday
Mr.. Stat will attend several con-
ferences at the Pentagon and
pay courtesy call on President
Els enhower. He bee a m e
acquainted with the President
when Gen. Eisenhower was Su-
preme Allied Commander in
Europe.
Later the Netherlands official
will visit various military install
lationS. He will return home
February 81.