davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Warehouses

The second group sought by EDO
is "dtStrtbutiUe and wholesale bust
nesses." Because Of its earlier de-
velopment as a big city, Baltimore
now has the edge on Washington as
regional wholesale and distribut-
ing center.
edo contends that this should be
the case no longer. At the turn Of
the century, metropolitan Baltimore
had twice the population of Metro
politan Washington. Today. the
Washington area is bigger by 30O,0 900
people, and by 1880 (according to
city planners) the population here
will be at least half million greater
than Baltimore's.
These two cities lie naturally in
the same wholesale and diStributive
area on almost any manufacturers
map. It is normal for a distribution
point to be located in the major
population center Of the area.
Perhaps we cannot lure going con-
Germs away from Baltimore, edo
officials say, but when new outfits
look for wholesaling centers, why
can't we bring them to Washington?
10 Million Customers
The EDO sales talks to wholesalers
and distributors point out that
road, rail and air networks for
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Problems

The great surge Of growth which
Washington underwent between
1888 and 1858 is largely over, but
the growing pains remain. That Is
hardly news to any area resident
who has waited six months to get
. telephone, sent his children off
to part-time classes or fretted his
way home through endless traffic
jams.
These inconvenience (to use the
nnildest available word) are IN
evitable by-products Of mushroom
growth: An area population in
crease Of 220 per cent since 1880,
q so per cent rise in an already
large population between 1910 and
1850.
Planners for the future now be-
lieve such increases are thing of
the past. Their crystal ball shows
them-instead of so per cent
growth in 10 years-an increase of
only 40 per cent in Is years. And
virtually all this population increase
will be outside the District of Co
lumbia.
This slackening of growth will
enable the communities in the
Washington area to catch up with
existing demands for services,
roads and schools. To this extent,
the end Of the areas mushroom
phase is blessing.
But since demand for public ia
cilities will continue in the coming
years, this will mean q heavy tax
load in every part Of the area.
Some one is going to have to pay
the bill-and it takes no super
acute ear to the ground to deter
mine that most area residents
think taxes are high enough
already. @+
Businessmen think the answer is,
"Go to the ant. thou sluggard."
Industry-or more accurately, ba-
sic employment Of all kinds-win
provide the cure for the Ills that
face Metropolitan Washington in
the coming quarter century.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

place Of the Nation and seat Of its
Government precludes the presence
here of large, noisy and noisome
industrial plants, planners point out.
In this desire to keep Washington
clean, the planners seem to have
the economies of industry on their
side. The big industrial centers of
the country have grown big because
of their proximity to either raw ma
terials or deep water, or both. The
coal that made Pittsburgh smoky
and the access to sea that made Bal
timore noisy are not readily avail
able to Washington.
But every large city should have
an industrial base, planners agree.
Washington's pursuit OF this ideal
will be explained below.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

inequalities generally get about 10
per cent Of their tax revenue from
real estate and pay out about the
same amount for the operation Of
schools.
Where . large factory exists, the
industry's contribution to the mu-
nicipal Golfers is great, while its
demand on municipal services is
small. The workers in the factory,
on the other hand. contribute rela-
lively small amounts to the munici-
pal treasury, and take disproportion-
ately large amounts out in the form
Of schools and other services. In
such a situation, income and outgo
balance nicely.
But where the primary industry
pays no taxes Cor only token grants
In lieu Of taxes) the municipalities
revenue structure is thrown out Of
balance.
Woshington's Plight
This is the case in Washington,
where nominal Federal payment
toward the District government
comes nowhere near representing the
United States fair share in running
the city.
This is the case, too, in the bed
room communities" - Montgomery
and Prince Georges Counties in
Maryland; Arlington and Fairfax
Counties and Alexandria and Falls
Church cities in Virginia. A Federal
law granting school aid according to-
the number of Federal employees liv-:
ing in the various counties helps, but
1t does not put the suburban COM
munities on a solid revenue footing.
So the "skewed economy" of
Washington Is an area-wide prob
lem, not just a problem for the Dis
trict or for the several metropolitan
counties.
When area businessmen digested
this fact and decided to do some
thing about it, Metropolitan WASH
ington took the first step on the
road to an economy that eventually
will make sense.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

Federal worker is too low; it should
be widened to at least 2-to-1.
3. The District has lost higher in
come groups and business volumes.
to suburban areas. Suitable new
types of activity must be secured to
replace those losses in downtown
Washington. Suburban areas must
attract business and industry to help
finance services needed by the grow
ing population.
The committee summed UP its
statement Of need in these words:
"The economic development pro-
gram is needed insurance to hold
what this community has today and
to brace it for the conditions 1t
might face tomorrow"
Decentralization Threat
Possible future conditions, of
course, included the chance that the
Government might move some Of It's
major activities to other cities.
While there is no probability that
decentralization would proceed to
such an extent that Washington
would become ghost town, effects
of any substantial move would be
great.
What would Washington business
get out of new employment? The
ansWer-more business-is obvious.
Specifically. these advantages are
pointed out by EDO:
o Ten new basic jobs create an in
crease of. eleven service or trade jobs
and population growth of At per-
sons, hence higher volumes for retail
and service trades and professional
men.
. More business and more jobs
mean more taxpayers to shoulder
tax loads.
. New business helps combat unem-
ployment and provides greater di-
versity Of job opportunities.
So the problem and the objective
had been nailed down. To tackle
the one and attain the other, EDO
last March set up a three-year pro-
gram aimed at Turing three classes
of business to the Metropolitan Area.
Each class has requirements which
can easily be met here and each will
benefit the region as a whole.
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Economy Askew

Probably no other city In the
world, except Australia's tiny capi-
tai, Canberra, is SO dependent on
government for its existence as is
Washington. When an emergency
expands Federal employment, it
makes news in st. Louis, but it
makes a housing crisis here. When
a Federal bureau disbands or moves
out of town, it is good for three
paragraphs in the Chicago papers,
but 1t is big. bad news in WASH
ington.
To point up the situation that
exists here, Board of Trade statis-
ticians have created (from Labor
Department data) the picture of
normal" metropolitan area of
WaShington's size. This area would,
like Washington, have 1853 per cent
Of the Nations non-agricultural
population. But 1t also would have
exactly 1858 per cent of the Ma
tion's steel workers. civil servants,
auto workers, stenographers, rail-
roadmen and gas-station attend
ants. And here is the startling fact
that can be learned about Wash
ington from q look at the normal
city:
The normal city" would have
$4,000 Federal employees; Washing
ton has about 100000.
The normal city" would have
$4,000 workers In major manufac-
turing pursuits. Washington has
only about $4,000.
One Employers WhiH
There is. Of course. nothing quite
Hike the normal city" But by the
same token. there is nothing quite
like Washington. No other big
city's well-being Is at the whim of
. single employer, as is the case in
the Nations Capital.
And even In those smaller cities
where Q single concern IL dominant.
tho primary employer pulls more
than his own weight In the form Of
taxes. This is not the case here.
It this tax question that is. per-
haps, the core Of the matter. Mu-
Evening star., 1954-11-28
The Lure

When edo was SET up, the QueS.
tion, Whats in it for us?" was
uppermost in the minds of those
who organized it. The answer. Of
course, was increased business de-
irving from the growth and well.
being Of the community.
But the same question is in the
mind of every prospect tackled by
EDO. AL major communities in
the country-and many Of the minor
ones, too-are scrambling for new
business. 1t is into this competitive
situation that EDO has been thrown.
An example Of what is being done
in one unsettled case illustrates the
problem facing the local group.
In New York. five engineering So
cieties occupy building given to
them years ago by Andrew Car
negie. Because the building is old
and small, and because the char
acter of the neighborhood has
changed, the societies have decided
to move. But where?
This is the point at which EDO
got in. Two members of the COM
( mittee, Morris Cafritz and Charles
H. Tompkins. own a nine-acre tract
of land at the northeast corner Of
Florida and Connecticut avenues.
EDO informed United Engineering
Trustees. group representing civil,
mechanical, mining and electrical
societies which holds title to the
New York building. that Washington
was interested in becoming the new
home Of the engineering societies.
Preliminary talks have been held.
but no decision has been made on
whether the group will move to
Washington.
Other Bidders
One reason is that other localities.
including New York. itself, are max
ing bids of their own.
In New York, an attractive site
near Columbus Circle has been Of
fered the societies at Sc a square foot
"a fraction of the actual value Of
this land. Because of longtime ties
with the metropolis, the engineering
societies will think long time be-
fore turning this down.
And in Pittsburgh, wealthy group
has deposited 81 million in an escrow
account with the understanding that
the million will be turned over to the
societies in the event they locate in
the Western Pennsylvania city. This,
too is an attractive offer.
Washington's EDO believes the
National Capital is still in the rin-
ming, provided the societies and the
landowners can get together on just
how much land will be needed and
at what price. The Cafritz- -Tomp-
kins group repeatedly is prepared
to make an attractive proposition
on the theory that surrounding land
will appreciate in value as result
of construction of a new engineer
ing society headquarters on Temple
Heights.
These are indications Of some Of
the gimmicks being used by COM
munities to attract business. An
other is the tax moratorium an at
traction looked on with dlsfavor by
planners here.
The tax moratorium device offers
new business freedom from local
taxation for a period Of years. Some
communities, notably those in the,
South, have used this inducement
with some success. But the differ
ence between such cities and the
Washington area is the priority
given two objectives of economic de-
velopment. They are seeking growth
primarily and a sound tax footing
secondarily. In the region around
the Capital the priority is the other
way around.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

freight shipments center more nor
mally on washington than on Bal
timore. The whole of Virginia. all
most all of Maryland, except the ex-
treme northeast; all Of Southern
Delaware, Eastern West Virginia
and Northern North Carolina gravi-
tate naturally to Washington as a
distribution point, they explain. Be-
tween and 10 million persons live
In this region, almost million
within so miles of the Capital.
Though Baltimore is closer to
more people, it does not benefit from
this proximity. Its normal distribl
uting area is blocked on the north
east by Philadelphia. So, for prac-
tical purposes, a distributor centered
on Baltimore would actually be far
ther away from his customers than
one with Washington warehouse.
edo believes distributive and
wholesale businesses might locate al
most anywhere In the. close-in Sec
tionS Of the Metropolitan Area. A
recent example of wholesale dis
tributive expansion is the Safeway
Stores project at Landover, Md.
Another is planned by the Giant
Food Stores on the Jimmy La Fon-
tame tract at the District line and
Bladensburg road. Extensive ware
housing space also has been devel-
oped near the Pentagon.
The value of such businesses to
the community are obvious. They
are relatively high contributors of
revenue to the municipal treasury,
and their demands for public serv-
ices are low. The presence of
wholesale : distributive businesses
would ease the tax load wherever
they were located.
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Trade Groups

The first category is national
trade associations and professional
organizations" The Washington
area already has a large number of
these groups-three pages of the
classified telephone directory are
filled with their listing-represent-
ing widely differing fields of activity.
These are the learned societies and
lobbies and labor unions and trade
groups with which Washington
teens.
EDC's sales pitch to these groups
is that Washington is the seat OF
Government, the locale of some Of
the Nations best library and re-
search facilities and key center Of
information flowing between the
Evening star., 1954-11-28
The EDO Idea

The initials edo" have been in
the news recently as a symbol OF
failure. The European Defense
Community was the hope of the
West until it collapsed earlier this
year to be succeeded by the Western
European Union.
In Washington there is an EDO
that, unlike the European one. is a
going concern already.
It is the Board of Trades Eco
nomic Development Committee.
headed by Everett j. Boothby. presi-
dent of the Washington Gas Light
Co. Forty community leaders. rep
resenting such fields as banking.
real estate, merchandising, trans
portation. manufacturing and ad-
vertising, make up the membership
of this committee.
It's professional staff is headed by
A. E. Baker, former sparkplug in
development activities in the Nor
folk area. Its research director, who
marshals facts and figures on which
committee sales talks are based, is
DR.. Jerome P. Pickard, former asso-
ciate Of the Homer Hoyt planning
consultants' firm. DR.. Pickard
worked on the "Hoyt report" an
economic survey of suburban Mary
land. findings of which were dis
closed by The Star last week.
EDO currently operates on an
$4,000 budget from the Board OF
Trade. It is expected that as its
work progresses and results become
more concrete. the committees
funds and scope of activities will be
enlarged.
The Primary Aim
When it was organized last March,
EDC's purpose was announced as an
attempt ito attract new basic pay
rolls least responsive to Federal Gov
ernment activity"
The need for such new payrolls
was analyzed as follows:
/. Federal employment and con-
struction employment in the area
have declined II per cent since
early 1858. y
2. The ratio of Is non-Federal to
Evening star., 1954-11-28
Star Stah Photo.

grass roots" and the central Gov
ernment.
Advantages of Washington as a
center for annual conventions are
stressed in EDC's sales arguments to
association prospects. Another doc
umented, if little known, fact in
Washington's favor is its accessible
ity to all parts of the country. EDO
points out that of the Nations 100
million people, 124 million live closer
to Washington than to New York.
and that the remotest part of the
country is hardly more than 10 hours
away by air.
Office Space Users
EDO officials believe the biggest
advantage from moves here by these
groups will accrue to the District
proper. Although some associations
might settle in the suburbs. the pres
tige value of "a Washington address"
certainly will enter into the think
ing Of most.
While national associations gen.
orally do not need large amounts Of
room, most Of them require attrac-
tive. high-rent office space. Real
estate men here are alarmed by the
sloWness with which many new Of
fee buildings are filling up.
But while the District will benefit
primarily from the location here of
new associations, the suburbs also
will gain, according to EDO. Asso-
citation employees normally earn in
comes considerably above the aver
age. Their arrival in outlying areas
will create in those communities the
need for new or expanded businesses,
thus bringing in new tax revenues
with which to pay for community
services.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

this industrial-research firm is
EDC's exhibit A as a company which
can benefit itself and the community
by choosing Washington.
Evening star., 1954-11-28

" Approximately $50 employees in Capitol
Airlines' notono headquarters; obout
1850 maintenance employees in shops.
. Not single manufacturer is
among Washington's top 10 non
Government employers. Even more
startling is the fact that three of the
five biggest manufacturers" would
hardly be considered in that cate
CORY by any one other than an
industrial statistician. Here are the
big five in Washington "manufac-
turing" with their approximate en-
ployment:
!. Engineering Research Co. tERco) 1900
z. Evening Stof Newspaper Co.. $500
3. Melpor. Inc. ------------ ESQ
4. Washington Post co.--------- 200
5. National Geographic Society----- 900
BY contrast, heavily industrialized
Baltimore. has three employers-all
engaged in manufacturing - with
more than 10000 workers each. The
largest, Bethlehem Steel Co., with
$4,000 engaged in steelmaking, ship
building and ship repair. has larger
payroll than all the manufacturers
in Washington combined.
OF Baltimore's top 10 employers,
seven are manufacturers. Only two
(the city's gas and electric and tele-
phone companies) are non-basic in
dustries. The other one of the top
10, Social Security's Bureau of Old
Age and Survivor Insurance, is the
only Government activity high on
Baltimore's list of employers. It
employs 5.100 persons-only seventh
in Baltimore. but larger than any
private Washington employer but
one.
No Heoy Industry
There is, In short. no heavy indus
try in the Washington area today
and every one concerned In plan
ming for the Capitals future is
anxious to keep it that way. The
integrity Of Washington as the show
Evening star., 1954-11-28
The Area Now

"eS5AAAAA6 WAL 40 q ASAkA14 h0NAC VOWAt'
Neither the first-tirne visitor, ex-
claiming over it's magnificent dis
tances." nor the lifelong resident
realizes just how remarkable it is.
Because the most remarkable
thing about the Washington area
today is its economic structure.
"It's beautiful CITY," visitor
said recently, "but take away the
Federal buildings and what have
you got?"
Well, let's do just that and see.
Let's ignore, for the moment, the
one big business-government-that
employs 40 out of every 100 bread
winners in the Metropolitan Area.
What we find are two startling
facts:
. Non-Government employment is
almost entirely non-basic; that is,
private-industry workers here are
primarily in business to serve the
needs of the community rather than
to create a base on which the COM
munity can exist. Here is a list OF
the 10 biggest private employers In
the Washington area with the ap-
proximate number of workers on
their payrolls:
Evening star., 1954-11-28

f." Approximately $50 employees in Capitol
Airlines' notionol headquarters; about
1850 maintenance employees in shops
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1954-06-17
PUBLIC SALE

PUBLIC SALE - On Saturday,
June 19. Sale begins at 1900
o'clock noon sharp. On the
above date l will offer for sale
at my farm 212 miles south of
Stafford and two miles north of
Sycamore Valley, Ohio, the fol
lowing described personal prop
erty:
SO Head of Cattle-Thirty-one
head of milk cows, consisting
of nine high grade HolSteins,
fresh or springers; seven head
beef cows, with calves by side,
weight $50 to 225 pounds; one
registered Hereford COW, due to
freShen in July; IA head Of
mixed Jersey and Guernsey
cows, fresh or springers; two
year old grade Holstein bull.
Also ten-year-old riding mare.
Machinery and Miscellaneous
One Ford tractor with disk and
plows; moving machine; hay
rake; 1T As International Har-
vester baler, slightly used; one
International Harvester corn
picker; one International Har-
veSter culti-packer; horse-drawn
cultivators; farm wagon; COM
plete double unit mixers and
siX-can cooler, both used. one
year; l6 milk cans; REQ truck,
l12 tons; one pickup truck; 1851
4-wheel drive jeep; one Estate
gas range; one Servel refrigera-
tor, Gu. it.; double tub Dexter
washing machine; power lawn
mower, like new; also other
articles too numerous to men,
ton.
Terms of sale: Cash.
Lunch will be served by Huff
man Grange.
GEO. LONGFELLOW, Owner
LeWisville, Ohio RID.
Auctioneers: Weddle Bros.
(Not responsible for accidents)
49 SO
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1954-06-17
ORDINANCE No oIo

AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING
A CNE-WAY STREET ON WEST
STREET FROM NORTH STREET
TO SPRUCE, STREET.
Be 1T ordained by the Council
of the Village of Caldwell. Ohio,
as follows:
SECTION ONE
That there is hereby created the
following one-Way street on West
Street going North. from North Street
to Spruce Street. which includes any
vehicle or motor vehicle of any kind.
SECTION TWO
That this ordinance is hereby de-
clared TO be an emergency ordinance,
necessary for the immediate preserva-
ton of the public peace, health and
safety in said village. The reason for
such necessity is that the traffic is so
heavy on North Street at the inter-
section of West Street. that it creates
a hazardous condition at all times.
SECTION THREE
Any person violating this ordinance
may be fined not over Five Dollars
tS500) for the first offense, and for
the second offense not over Ten
Dollars $4,000.
SECTION FOUR
This ordinance shall be in effect
at the earliest date allowed by law.
DONALD d. NICHOLS,
President of Council
approved: Homer Johnson,
Mayor of Village
Passed June 8, 1854,
VIOLET MORGAREIDGE
Clerk OF Village
SO 81 ]