davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-11-01
Durum In Montana
Production May Be Profitable
For the Newt Year or TaV0, I f.
By DON K. BOSLEY

the state, mostly in the northeastern
area. Several farmers at the meeting
reported raising durum this year with
apparent success.
Can quality durum be raised in
Montana?
That depends - first of all on the
variety planted and on soil, moisture
and temperature conditions. 1t is ex-
tremely important that only acceptable
varieties be planted. These are Nugget,
Mindum, Carleton, Stewart, Kubanka
and Vernum, and new variety, Sentry.
Golden Ball, Peliss and Pented are not
recommended. Special warning was is
sued against Red durum. This is never
used for anything but feed and is
hazardous because it closely resembles
dark, hard bread wheatS in appearance.
Variations in quality factors were il
Illustrated by three 1854 crops reported
at the meeting. Yields in all cases were
good but one crop in Liberty County
proved to be of variety suitable only
for putting, another tested II per cent
protein and had a good color. making
it desidable for macaroni milling. The
third, produced in Blaine county, tested
10 per cent protein and was too dark for
best macaroni milling quality 1t was
explained that any durum with a pro-
tein content of II per cent or over is
likely to be too dark.
Can durum be raised on acres diverted
from other wheats?
Not unless the grower has a history
of raising durum in 1852 or 1858. Farm
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-11-01

UNI now commands such a high price
is that production in the traditional
durum areas in North Dakota and Min
nesota has been severely reduced for
the last three years by the invasion Of
Race 15B stem rust. AS soon as this
proven area gets back into production
Montana growers cannot hope to COM
pete At least the premium for durum
will be reduced to the point where it
will no longer be worthwhile for Mon
tana growers to raise durum in place
of their own premium bread wheatS.
That the traditional durum areas will
be back into production in a year or
two is already assured by the fact that
varieties of durum resistant to Race
15B are being rushed into production by
paintings in the South this winter. The
total market for durum wheat can
quickly be flooded, since it never
amounts to more than 80 to IS million
bushels in the average year. Of this
about 26 million bushels of the best
quality are used for milling purposes,
2 million for putting and to million
for feed.
Here, in question and answer form,
are more details of the pros and cons
of durum production in Montana as pre-
scented at the meeting:
Can durum be raised in Montana?
Yes. Durum was originally one of the
main wheats produced by early home
steaders but it has long since been
abandoned in favor of the modern hard
spring and winter bread wheats. About
10000 acres year are now raised in
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-11-01

ers who did have such histories were
permitted to apply for increased acre
age in 1854. An effort is being made to
have the regulations changed. One sug-
geStion is to remove durum from the
classification of wheat so that it could
be planted as freely as barley and other
non-basics. Until such legislation is
passed durum cannot be planted on di-
verified acres without penalty.
Will durum seed be available?
Seed supply will probably be the chief
limiting factor this year. However, the
Montana Extension Service is prepar-
ing listings of seed sources which viii
be available to county extension agents.
Growers should be sure they know the
variety they are buying.
Will local elevators buy durum or will
1t be necessary for grower to raise
at least carload so he can ship his
own?
Elevator operators will handle DUR
UNI. This was stated by elevator and
milling representatives, at the meeting.
Does durum itself bring rust into the
country?
No. Durum does not cause an infesta-
ton of rust but it is much more sus-
ceptible than most bread wheat to stem
ruSts, especially Race 15B. One of the
chief reasons for this susceptibility is
the fact that most durum- mature from
S to 20 days later than bread wheats.
Has Race 15B appeared in Montana?
Yes. 1t caused some damage this year
in scattered areas as far west as Cut
Bank.
Is there danger of mixing drum with
premium bread wheats?
Yes. A grower who tries durum
should use great care in keeping the
grains stored separately. He will also
have to use care in planting land In dur
UNI back to bread wheats. Durum is
said to shatter considerably, increasing
chances of volunteer growth.
For another view point on the ques.
tion of mixture see Letters to the Editor
Department, page 38.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-11-01

A BUSHEL of good durum wheat is
worth $4 to $3.50 on the market.
That's why many a Montana wheat
farmer is wondering whether he should
plant some durum next year. And that's
why meeting was held in Chester,
Oct. IS, to discuss the pros and cons
of durum production in Montana.
The meeting was attended by more
than 200 farmers from the Triangle and
the northern Montana wheat producing
areas, government agricultural agency
officials and grain trade representa-
tives. 1t was sponsored by the Chester
Commercial club. with the Liberty
County Extension Service, Soil Conser-
walton District and ASC Committee CO.
operating.
Selmer Kolstad, Liberty County
farmer and chairman of the meeting,
explained that the sole purpose was to
bring out all available information to
help farmers decide whether to try rails
ing durum He then called upon num-
Der of agricultural leaders and grain
trade representatives, many of whom
had had wide experience in the pro-
duction, milling and marketing of dur
UNI wheat in Montana and North Da-
kota.
Here is summary of the main points
of information brought out:
Production of durum may be pro-
fitable in some areas of Montana
for the next year or two for growers
who are lucky enough to raise good
quality of acceptable varieties.
Growers who try it should recognize
that it is gamble and a sh0rt-term
proposition.
The very factors that make Montana
high-protein, premium bread wheat
production area are the chief factors
that limit the possibilities of producing
good quality durum in Montana. High
protein in durum usually SpoiIS the
color, and color is the No. 1 marketing
factor for durum.
Profitable production of durum in
Montana is short-term proposition, il
was pointed out. Only reason why dur.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-11-01

disturbances will moving
occasionally south change
weather and light moderate showers this
especially the north portions Montana No widespread sban
the should
later November the patterns
peed shifting southwark along the North Pacific
southern Canada there
prolonged cold forecast indicated
Slightly
S the for
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-11-01

November !. 1854
Montana farmer-stockman., 1954-11-01
NO.. M 1vEA7JzERM<.
NIunMkMMzNNZaU 7lO0K#|.#
MN7NMrzT~#/>Mf#AsM nzAaA4sannn1llNs%/>HW
November I to IS
By OSCAR MOLDENHAUER
November I to IS
By OSCAR MOLDENHAUER


RODS indicated for Montana and northern
period Local weather patterns much will
prolonged Washington
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15

It takes far less time to tend it than
to ditch irrigate. Of course, it takes
a lot of water and some years there
won't be enough to flood all the mead
ow. Again the answer is upland
grasses, for they will live ON with only
rainfall and will even make consider
able cattle pasture.
In another coulee which runs through
my milk pasture I have a similar
though small setup. That dam floods
Is acres to furnish green feed the en-
tire summer for five head of stock.
Any water that goes out the spillway
l divert into a ditch to Is acres of
diked pens. These pens will fill in
48 to 60 hours.
The Soil Conservation Service has
helped me considerably in this project.
Their trained surveyors see possibili-
ties that an inexperienced eye doesn't
notice. In helping with the actual ex-
pense the SCS makes possible a great
many more such projects than individ-
ual farmers and ranchers could finance.
Each coulee damned does its small
bit to contribute to flood control, TOO.
There are many opportunities for this
kind of flood irrigation on coulees.
Many people could have improved pas
turage and feed conditions in this way.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15

* ton per head for the winter, brings
our cattle through in good flesh for
calving. Cows are bred to calve in
April. Yearling heifers are bred to
calve in late April as 2-year-olds. This
has been successful in the past for we
feel that when good growthy yearlings
are bred to calve out after the late
storms, we add one more year of pro-
ductivity to our cows.
1858 was the first year we have had
help. My son, Roy. is now in partner
ship with me- We plan to enlarge our
herd to about 100 head, providing sum-
mer range can be obtained. Roy win
tiers the cows and l winter the calves.
We have about $50 acres of crop land
this year. Prior to this we have had
only 200 acres. The additional acre
age is bench land and is planted to
wheat and oats. Our winter pasture
consists of about 400 acres.
Plenty of good winter pasture is the
cheapest insurance for success that we
have Our cattle come out strong and
fleshy. They are in condition to give
birth to strong healthy calf with a
minimum of care.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15

dy reads each magazine and quotes
to me the stuff she's seen about
what wonder drugs will do and how
your hogs need hormones too. It
says right here, she says, that we
can't operate efficiently unless we
spend some extra cents to feed the
right trace elements; and if some
vitamin amt there, We'll surely lose
our shirts for fair.
For one, I'll never buy an ounce
of something 1 cannot pronounce;
it's much too late in life for me to
take a course in chemistry, and I
don't need no cap and gown to fork
a little silage down. I'll grant that
neighbor does appear to get more
pounds of beef per steer; those pigs
of his, will admit, outweigh my
razOrbacks a bit. It's mostly luck,
quite probably, but even if it amt
l see no sense in all that extra strain
that science puts upon his brain,
cause it don't take Phi. D. to slop
a bunch of hogs, by gee.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15
Planning Put Our Livestock
Program on a Sound Basis
By ALEC SANSAVER, Roosevelt County

Last Nov. Is we sold 20 head of steer
calves. They averaged sos pounds per
head. twenty-five head of heifers were
kept for requirements. They weighed
between $50 and 700 by April. These,
along with two calves that were lost
after calving, represent 100 per cent
calf crop.
After the calves are weaned, the cows
are left to run in the pasture all win
ter. Feeding is not usually started
until the middle of January. We plant
an acre of Faulkner corn for every
head of grown stock we winter. This
corn field is opened up right after the
first snow. The cows are turned in for
just few hours each day until they
are adjusted to the feed. Later they
can come and go as they like.
Trouble from too much grain has not
been noticed. When snow is on the
ground the cows stay right in this field
and eat the corn to the ground. The
added weight to our cattle from corn
more than offsets the additional farm
ing expense incurred We feel this
practice is the most valuable part of
our operations Mineralized salt is fed
free choice. Water is pumped daily.
This, along with the hay that is fed
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15
Grass Meadows
Stand Flooding
By JOHN w. DUNCAN
Liberty COHntV

MY RESERVOIR for flood irrigation
is about $4,000 cubic yards and when
full it floods 20 acres of meadow land.
l use one 30-inch and one 18-ipch pipe
in the bottom of the fill for flood con-
troll to protect the natural spillway and
to drain the meadow quickly.
Because the amount of flood waters
is uncertain from year to year, I
raise upland hay instead of alfalfa.
This hay land produces a little more
than ton to the acre when it gets
ample water Another advantage to
the upland grasses in this kind of irri-
cation is that they are not damaged
by long periods of flooding. Part of
the meadow is under water two weeks
or more while the reservoir is filling
up and draining-another reason why
alfalfa is unsuitable here.
/ use a mixture of crested wheat,
slender wheat grass and the native wild
grasses with bronze and canary grass
in the wettest places.
Flood irrigation is the most satisfac-
tory in coulees where it can be done.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15
Dam Irrigates
Alfalfa Crop
BY Y. p. SEUSER
Hill County

OUR DAM WAS built in the fall of
'48 with an 8-inch pipe through the
base of the dam with slide gate on
upper side. We didn't get a run-off
the following spring so didn't do any
irrigating till 1850.
l broke about IA acres that spring
below the dam, worked it up good
and leveled it with rotary scraper
and a land leveler that 1 made and
laid it out for a border dixie system
of flood irrigation The dikes are about
inches high settled, run with the
slope of the land and are two rods
apart, made with a oneway.
There are better ways to make a
dixie. A ditch runs from the dam pipe
to the field so the water can be broken
out between the bikes. seeded the
field to oats the last of May and irri-
gated twice that season. Combined the
crop which made slightly over so BUSH
els to the acre. That isn't so much but
not bad for the first try.
The next spring, 1851, 1 burned it
off, which is bad practice, but it
needed more leveling and l couldn't
do that with all the straw on the field.
After blowing, leveling and throwing
up bikes again, packed it and dragged
it to make a firm base with about one
inch of loose soil on top, then drilled
n with fbo ,1racci,ro cprinoc off from
the double disks put pounds of al
falfa to the acre and one-third bushel
of flax for nurse crop.
l understand flax is the best nurse
crop, but when the crop came up it
was mostly volunteer oats. Anyway
there seemed to be good stand of
alfalfa and that was what l was trying
to get The following spring, 1852,
proved it was a very good stand, as
everyone said that saw it. 1t was
flooded four times at about two inches
at a time and made about three tons
to the acre.
The dam is about 1000 cubic yards,
10 feet high, holds about so acre feet
of water. had dam built on another
coulee last summer. 1 expect to irri-
gate about so acres with the two dams
when 1 get the land leveled l think
after going to all that work and expense
of storage dam irrigation, a person
should get a water right on the coulee
his dam is on as sometimes a coulee
won't run for more than one dam.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15

WE BELIEVE LnaC Cne success OF
any livestock operation depends upon
a well-planned program. This must in
clude sufficient summer and winter
range to provide abundant feed for the
number of livestock owned. This is
what we have attempted to do through
out the years. Many ups and downs
have been encountered but we feel that
our livestock program is on solid foot
ing.
We came to Wolf Point in 1920 and
built our home on Mrs Sansaver's tri-
bal allotment on the Fort Peck reser-
walton. We initially started to farm
small grains and kept a small flock of
sheep. The drouth years took care of
that, but we managed to buy four head
of Hereford COWS. To these we added
10 head of cows from the government
Revolving Cattle Loan program.
These were paid back ''in kind over a
five-year period. This was in about 1885,
Today we have approximately 80 head.
Our operation is briefly this: We
lease summer grazing land through the
Fort Peck Indian Agency at Poplar.
1t is set up for 80 acres per head and
at rate of about Is cents per acre.
We turn our stock out on summer range
late in May after we have calved and
branded.
At branding time we castrate and
vaccinate for blackleg. We haven't
lost an animal from blackleg for at
least 10 years. Yearling heifers are
vaccinated for Bangs disease in the
spring at 10 to IL months of age.
Roosevelt County is now a Bangs"
Control Area, and we are ahead of the
game.
The cattle are brought back to the
ranch in October and put on bottom
land north of the Missouri River. This
is mostly blue joint and brush. The
fields are opened up so the cattle can
move back and forth and pick the Stub
BILE. The brush offers some very good
shelter for storms that come later on.
This bottom also provides hay for win
ter. We are short of alfalfa but, with
the help of A. C. P. and S. C. S., we
hope to develop a spreader dixie irri
cation system over a small acreage.
Calves are weaned in October anc
put in the corral where they are fec
blue joint, alfalfa and oats. This is
done for about two weeks and then they
are turned out on pasture.
The calves are started slowly ant
brought up to about two pounds pei
head per day, maximum feed, anC
about seven pounds of hay along will
pasture. Our best quality hay is usec
for calves.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-08-15
49, THE EAz AZ
> FARMER.

WITH ALL THEM high-falutin'
ways they've got of feeding stock
these days, you've got to be a scien-
fist to even get a partial gist of just
how you're supposed to feed to give
them critters what they need. Miriam
Evening star., 1954-03-19
New Toys -Do-It-Yourse|f Types,
Word, Quiz Games Mirror Adult World

touched on before have been re-
produced this year with more
emphasis laid on fathers activi-
ties, Mr.. Wolfe reported. A car
wash kit is now available. So
is a miniature barber shop. COM
plete with chair, doll and acces-
sorieS.
More Girls Toys
There are more toys for girls
this year, too. There have never
been enough toys for girls, Mr..
Wolfe pointed out. One reason
for this, he believes. is that most
toy designers are men. These
new toys are primarily in
the field of crafts, and re-
lated to the home, as toys for
girls consistently have been. But
at least there is more variety.
Candy has appeared in a kit
for the first time, and soup, too.
There are more scientific toys,
not necessarily atom m-inspired,
but toys intended to give child
contact with one of the sciences.
Among these is an intercom set
patterned quite faithfully after
adult sets. II
Games of all kinds. word
games and others, probably stim-
ulated by the popularity Of
Scrabble. were shown. There is
q great interest in quiz games,
too, which Mr.. Wolfe traces to
their popularity on television.
The fact that very few Army
Evening star., 1954-03-19
By Betty Miles

The 51st American Toy Fair
which closed in New York this
week, demonstrated that tomor-
rows toys reflect today's world
George Wolfe, local toy store
owner who covered the show
had this to report about the
toys that will be available in
June:
There has been an increase In
do-it-yourself toys, rejecting
Mr.. Wolfe believes, the do-it-
yourself trend all over the coun-
try. These include a bird house
kit in wood. made by a Hyatts-
vile manufacturer, more leather
kits and textile painting kits.
Some are good, some are
bad" he commented. Too de-
tailed painting sets. that spell out
exactly where each color should
go. may serve as a first step to-
ward interesting adults in Gre
ative painting, but they are not
a good introduction for children,
he believes.
An interesting new toy is a
life-size construction set. made
of steel with colorful baked en-
amel ruSt-proof finish. It Is
available in three sizes.
Such things as sledS, slides, a
big climber and a stand for dad
to use for house painting can be
built by the children from the
larger sets.
Aspects Of the adult world not
Evening star., 1954-03-19
| Speaker Picked
For Meeting
|Of Daughters

Mrs. Evelyn Adams, placement
officer in the Bureau of Indian
Affairs, Department of the In
terror. will address a meeting Of
the D. c. Society. United States
Daughters of 1912, this after
noon in the national headquar-
ters. 1851 Rhode Island avenue
NV.
A discussion of Bacone College,
Bacone. Okla. the only accred-
tied school of collegiate work in
this country for American In
dians, will be another highlight
of the program.
Mrs. Adams is graduate Of
Bacone and a classmate of the
current president of the college.
Mrs. George Lynn Woodruff.
State president, will preside at
the meeting and Mrs. Lane
Schofield, program chairman.
will introduce the speaker.
Evening star., 1954-03-19
Railroad Women
To Meet Here

Mrs. Ivy Baker Priest. Treas
urer of the United States. will be
a speaker at the spring meeting
of the American Council Of Rail-
road Women to be held tomorrow
and Sunday In the Shoreham
Hotel.
Mrs. Priest, a member Of the
board of the National Safety
Council. will discuss the topic,
National Safety as it Pertains
to Women and the Railroads" at
a luncheon tomorrow.
Other speakers will include
Miss Beatrice Aitchison, director,
transportation Research, Post
Office Department, and Eugene
S. Williams, chairman of the
board, Western Maryland Rail-
way Co., Baltimore. Mr.. Williams
will make the principal dinner
address.
Miss Virginia Tanner, editor
of the Baltimore & Ohio Rail
road Magazine, will act as
moderator during a panel dis
cussion on the subject, "What
| We as Women Can Do to Help
Our Railroads During the Pres
ent Period of Economic Read
| justment.
A highlight of the two-day
meeting will be a White House
tour for members tomorrow
| morning.
Evening star., 1954-03-19
@. O. P. Crusader
Methods Blasted

Charging that the Eisen-
hover administration has failed
to fulfill its campaign promises,
Representative Mccarthy, Dem
ocrat. of Minnesota, said yester-
day its difficulties are partially
due to 1.-THE inadequacy of the
crusader technique as an instru-
ment of Government"
The legislator spoke at a
luncheon meeting of the Wom-
ans National Democratic Club
honoring the States of North
Dakota, South Dakota and Min
nesotoa.
Mr.. Mccarthy said a general
cause of the difficulties of the
administration is that the Els
enhower political movement has
from the beginning been pre-
sented in the name and aspect
Of the crusade"
He said the crusade is a good
technique for gaining control Of
Government and added that GER
tainly the Democrats were ex-
tremely vulnerable to this kind
of campaign in 1852.
But the technique of the cru
sader." he continued, "is not
necessarily good technique for
the actual administration of O
Government"
A frequent resort of the pres
ent administration has been to
shun the hard or difficult choices
so as to avoid immediate defeat,
the speaker said.
For the crusader, he added,
the next step is to choose the
middle of -the-road, unmindful
that by making this choice he
is not likely to achieve anything
beyond the mediocre.
Mrs. Hubert Humphrey, wife
of the Senator from Minnesota,
introduced the speaker.
Evening star., 1954-03-19

elate chairmen.
Active in several organizations.
Mrs. Kaufman is chairman of
the Women'S Division of the
Washington Camp for Boys and
Girls and is a member of Ha-
daSSah.
This is the second time she
has held the UJA post, having
served in that capacity several
years ago. Mrs. Samuel Dodek
is the retiring division chairman.
Other chairmen named for the
division were: Mrs. John Safer,
advance gifts; Mrs. EStelle Kauf-
mann. hostesses for the $lOO
dinner; Mrs. Leo Bernstein.
ushers for the $100 dinner; Mrs.
Abe Cohen, speakers committee,
and Miss Cora Lee Kaufman,
youth activities.
The division has adopted a
$187 500 quota for the 1854 cam
palgn, or one-tenth of the total
UJA campaign quota of $1,875,-
600 for the Washington area.