davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-02-01
Canadian, US. Scientists
Cooberated in Developing
A Wheat to Beat Race 15-B
By c. FRANK STEELE

CANADIAN SCIENTISTS have
been fighting awar against wheat
rust, a plague that has robbed
prairie farmers of millions of bush
els of grain. The fight has been
long and it has had its disappoint-
ments. But it looks now like the
dreaded fungus, Race 15-B, is going
to be licked.
A new strain of wheat has been
developed that is of excellent quail
ity for the milling trade and is rust
resistant as well. During the ex-
perimental stage it was simply
called &c T 1885," 1t has now been
licensed by the Canadian govern
ment and christened "Selkirk"-
reminiscent of the Selkirk Settle
ment, one of the rugged pioneer
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-02-01
GENERAL GUIDES

For general guide. the Mon
tana stock ranch probably will in
the future. have a total invest
ment of around $500 per animal
unit of livestock capacity. This
will be about equally divided be-
tween ~ real estate. and (2) live
stock and equipment and supplies.
The Montana irrigated diver
sified farm likely will have a
total investment of $3.50 to $3.50
per acre. depending upon the
grade and productivity of the
land. with approximately SO per
cent of the total investment in
the land and buildings. rs per
cent in the farming equipment
and Is per cent in the livestock.
The Montana non-irrigated
farm probably will have a total
investment of $40 TO 500 an acre.
depending upon the grade and
productivity of the land. with SIS
per cent of the investment in the
real estate. rs per cent in the
machinery and equipment. and 20
per cent in livestock.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-02-01

of the total; livestock account for
$4,000, SO per cent of the total;
equipment value is shown as $4,000,
IA per cent of the total.
These figures quoted above are for
the total capital needs of the en-
terprise, whether owned by an OPP
orator who is full owner or whether
owned in some landlord-tenantc COM
bination. We will not give, here, any
analysis of amounts of capital sup
piled by landlord and tenant on ten
ant-operated farms or ranches. That
is outside the subject of this article.
Concerning the operation of Mon
tana farms and ranches by owners
and tenants we can, however, make
certain deductions from the figures
quoted above. For one thing, we
can see why very few stock ranches
are leased and operated by tenants.
The livestock capital requirement is
too high for most tenants, and sell
dom is a ranch owner willing to fur
nish livestock in any large number
to tenant on share-crop basis.
Another deduction that we can
make concerning farm tenancy is
t h t, though the agricultural
ladder from tenancy to ownership
has worked pretty well since 1910,
it probably won't work so well now.
Rising land values have increased
the capital requirements too far for
easy transition from tenancy to own
ership.
Land Capital Dominates
Rising land values have in fact
caused land capital requirements to
dominate the farm and ranch invest
ment situation. 1t appears probable
that the increasingly high capital re-
quirement for real estate has been
important in the use of custom serv-
ices by Montana farms and ranches.
l refer here to the great expansion
of custom weed spraying, combine
harvesting, hay baling, land leveling,
hauling, etc. More capital would
have gone into ownership of such
equipment by farm and ranch OPP
orators were it not for increasingly
high capital requirements for the
real estate. l do not wish to over
emphasize this, for there are, of
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-02-01
Your Farm or Ranch Management Plan

ing is commercial enterprise, with
large capital requirements. The trend
in that direction appears to be in
creasing, with the development of
larger and more efficient farm and
ranch units and with the need for
more and better equipment and IA
cilities
This high capital requirement of
modern farming and ranching has in
many ways recast the emphasis in
management. 1t gives rise to ques-
tons about desirable ratios of in
vestment in relation to the produc-
tive capacities of the ranch or farm,
and about the best balance of in
vestments among lands, buildings,
equipment and livestock. 1t raises
questions about size of enterprise in
relation to available types of equip
ment, and about the attainable stand
ards for the efficient use of high
value equipment.
Before we try to think our way
through to some of the answers to
such questions as those given above,
let's sketch out some of the figures
on present-day capital requirements
for Montana farms and ranches.
About $4,000
A look at the 1850 us. Census of
Agriculture shows us that the aver
age Montana farm enterprise has a
total capital requirement Of around
$4,000 to 100000. This same source
also shows that the average Montana
stock ranch has a total investment
of about $65,O00 These figures in
clude land, buildings, equipment and
livestock. These are average figures,
and as such, they include all sizes,
big, little and medium.
These figures may not typify the
middle-sized Montana farm or ranch
too well, but they do give us fairly
good picture of capital needs. Fur
Their analysis of these figures gives
us, moreover, a picture of the re-
lationships that now prevail, on Mon
tana farms and ranches, in the capt.
tai requirements for land, buildings,
equipment and livestock.
An analysis of these census figures
shows that the average-size Montana
irrigated diversified farm has about
100 acres of crop land, has $4,000
invested in land and buildings and
$4,000 invested in the farming equip
ment. 1t has, approximately $500
invested in livestock. Of this total
investment of $4,000, real estate
represents 81 per cent, equipment Is
per cent, livestock Is per cent
Comparable figures for the Mon
tana non-irrigated farms wheat
farms, mainly-show total farm in
vestment of $4,000, for the average.
Of this total, real estate represents
$4,000, machinery and equipment
$4,000, livestock $4,000. In acreage,
this average size farm has 700 acres
of crop land and 500 acres of range
and pasture land. Real estate &C
counts for Y per cent of the total
farm investment, machinery and
equipment for % per cent, livestock
for per cent.
200 Animal Units
This same source shows that the
average-size Montana stock ranch
operates some 200 animal units of
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-02-01
200 Animal Units

This same source shows that the
average-size Montana stock ranch
operates some 200 animal units of
range livestock. Total investment is
shown as around $4,000. Of this to-
tai investment the real estate invest
ment amounts to $4,000, so per cent
8-Februoy |, 1854
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17

The Jackson College track team
Travelled to Houston, Tex, on last
Saturday TO participate in South
ern Division of the Midwest Con-
ference track and field meet. The
Tigers took third place by a wide
margin among four divisional
teams. Participating in this meet
was Texas Southern University,
which walked away with 90 points.
Second was Grambling College, 80
points; Jackson College, third, with
33 points, and Houston Tilliston
College fourth, with 2212 points.
The local Tigers competing a.
gainst some of the South's best
speedsters and men of cinders"
showed remarkable progress over
previous contests. This was Jack
sons first meet of the current sea-
son, competing against three other
teams with each three meets for
better experience this year 1t was
much to the surprise of Coach John
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17

4th place. G. Baker, of Houston
Tilliston College, one of the Con-
ference's best middle distance run
ners easily took the $50 yard run
in l minute, SO seconds. In the
distance runs Stringfellow of Jack
son took 4th place in the mile and
in the two mile run S. Moye of
Grambling ran a neat race in II
minutes and 9 seconds with String
fellow and McGree of Jackson TAX
ing 3rd and 4th. The enthusiastic
Texas fans stood in a slight driz-
zle of rain to see the 7. S. u.
mile relay team smash a divisional
conference record in minutes %
seconds. II was a breath taking
finish. Each team b9ttled furiously
in this relay which is considered
by many as the most eolorful
events in track.
On Friday and Saturday. April
"a and %, the Jackson College
team will take part in the widely
known Xavier relays where they
will meet some of the country's
best competitors. Jackson College
will also be host to the Midwestern
Conference meet which will be an
nounced az later date.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17
[Sa1R1S (z32I3l
Jackson College Gets Third Place
In Conference Track And Field Meet

Merritt that his track team re-
leased much of the pressure from
the field team which in previous
meets has been responsible for
their greatest point source.
Willie Beaman was responsible
for Jackson's only first place by
heaving the shot for a lovely 43
feet and throwing the discus 121
feet. Robert Hill took fourth place.
In other field events Mosely and
Paige took third and fourth places
respectively in the javelin throw
which was won with 148 feet, 3
inches.
In track events the Tigers were
very effective in using third and
fourth places in order to rack up
the very much needed points.
Henry DeGraffired of Grambling
College won the 100 yard dash in
good time of 9.8 seconds with Lat
timore of Jackson bringing in
fourth. The little Texan, Ralph
Alderidge of T. S. U. took the 22C
yard dash in 22.2 seconds followed
very closely for second place by
Walter Reed of Jackson. Alder
idge currently holds the midwest
record for this event with 81 flat
Billy Roy of T. S. U. ran the 12C
high hurdles in 1872 seconds with
Paige and Mosely of Jackson with
Bird and 4th. In the 22O low hur.
dies Mobiles and Paige took 3rd anc
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17
neshoba
Continued from Page One)

here do not even go through with
the formality of asking impossible
questions all Negro citizens being
met with flat denial.
Because of the long existing pat
tern of fear that prevails among
Negroes here and through out the
county although there is plenty of
evidence that they are deeply con-
cerned and are beginning to show
signs Of resentment over being de-
MED this basic right of citizenship
it's not likely that Negroes them
selves will take any effective ac-
tion in the matter at this time.
However, there are reports that
the unchristian and undemocratic
action in denying Negroes the right
TO qualify as voters is beginning
to arouse the responsible white
citizens of the county.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17
Robinson, Turpin
Hit Harder;
GaviIan Smarter
Olson Saws

CHICAGO, Apr. -(Special)-
Middleweight Champion Carl (Bo-
boz Olson put Sugar Ray Robinson
and Randy Turpin ahead of Kid
Gavilan Friday night for hard
punching"
But Olson, who retained the 100
pound crown he won from Eng
lands Turpin last October 81 in
New York, said the Cuban welter-
weight ruler lis a little cutter and
a little smarter in the ring than
any other fighter he has ever met. !"
He said, however. that Robinson
and Turpin were harder punchers.
When asked about the Kids bolo
pupch, Olson said he never knew.
Gavilan threw it," For that mat
ter Olson remarked: "the kid never
hurt me with any punch"
Turning to the calling of the
fight by Referee Bernard Weiss
man, Sid Flaherty, Olson's jubi-
liant manager, added that Weisman
worked the fight as we'll as any
we've ever had"
This opinion, however, was not
shared by Angel Lopez, Gavilan's
manager. Lopez snapped:
THAT referee gave us bum de-
cision. He separated them too
much just when the kid was get
ting started in at least two in
stances"
Gavilan took his loss in quiet
manner and said the decision was
fair and square"
Gavilan said that Olson is "a
much smarter fighter than he had
given him credit for"
Gavilan said his right hand was
never hurt, contrary to what some
observers at ringside believed.
The kid cleared up the matter by
saying that: II only trained to
fight Olson with my left hand.
Next time I'll use both hands"
Gavilan admitted that he thought
he could get by with jabbing and
hooking with his left.
However, Gavilan added: when
| got butted during a furry in the
ninth round, | was hurt and had
to change my style"
The kid said he did not know
when he would defend his welter-
weight crown because he said he
was not sure if he could scale
down from his present 155 pounds
to the welterweight limit of lat.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17
coIored Bus...
Continued from Page One)


the department"
Trade union leaders had contend
ed earlier that the problem was
really one for the Birmingham
Transport Committee and sought
to duck the issue by commenting
that the use of Colored labor might
lead to trouble with white work
ers."
1.-THE issue of the hiring of col
ored bus drivers became an i'm
portant debate topic in the House
of Commons where Prime Minis
ter Churchill was cautioned by
members of the opposition Labor
party that racial problems had a
world wide implication at the pres
ent time. In reply Mr.. Churchill
promised that he would take the
matter under-a dvisement).
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17
Murder
Continued from Page One)

and shot his wife to death as she
stepped out of the house.
Following the shooting of his
wife the sheriff said knight drove
about mile down the road, parked
and got out Of the car and killed
himself.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-04-17
The Story....
Continued from PAGE Onel

Miss Clemens at the piano.
The Young Peoples Choral and
Dramatic group directed by Mrs.
Ruth Roseman Dease will comprise
the Hymn Choir and Verse Speak
ing Choir.
The choir invites the public to
Pearl Street Church on this occa-
sion and promises an evening of
songs long to be remembered.
Evening star., 1954-10-06
Suits Asks Abolition
OF Last JanuaY's
Transit Fare Boost

A suit seeking to set aside the
fare increase granted the Capital
Transit Co. last January by the
Public Utilities Commission is
being heard by Judge Richmond
B. Keech of the U. S. District
Court for the District of Colum-
bia.
The trial began yesterday.
After hearing argument by At
torney George Sp1egel, Judge
Keech recessed the trial until
this afternoon because of a pre-
vious engagement of another at
torney in the case.
The suit. which challenges the
method used by the commission
in passing on the fare increase,
is being pressed by four residents
of nearby Maryland. The plain
tiffs include Mr.. Spiegel, who
lives at 723 Northampton drive,
Silver Spring: Fred w. Cast, 10
Cheverly circle. Cheverly; Philip
Marcus, 1920 Henderson avenue,
Wheaton, and Clarence N. Ho-
henberger, 721 Ritchie avenue,
Silver Spring.
Two organizations. the Allied
Civic Group, Inc. of Prince
Georges County. and the Prince
Georges County Civic Fedora
tion. both original plaintiffs in
the suit, were ruled out last sum-
mer by Judge Burnita Shelton
Matthews. 1t was held that, as
organizations, they were not af-
fected by the fare increase.
The individual plaintiffs. with
the exception of Mr.. Hohen-
berger, were intervenors when
proceedings regarding the fare
increase were before the commits
sion.
Among contentious of the
plaintiffs is that the commission
"acted arbitrarily and erred as a
matter of law in failing to use as
a rate base a valuation based on
present economic value of the
operating system" of the transit
company. Instead, the suit con-
tends. the commission used an
original cost rate base.
Attorney Spiegel said late yes
Evening star., 1954-10-06
Junior Traffic Control

LEXINGTON. KY. P).-Jack
Hinkle, 8. and Hank Boswortn.
Z. decided to slow down fast
traffic. They erected "Slow"
signs on South Ridge drive. then
patrolled the street on bicycles.
armed with toy pistols. They
even halted motorists and asked
them to take it easy.
Evening star., 1954-10-06

terday he expects to finish his
argument in behalf Of the plain
tiffs this afternoon.
Assistant Corporation Counsel
Lloyd B. Harrison. Is defending
the commission.
Capital Transit has come into
the hearing as an intervenor de-
fendant.
The fare increase complained
of raised cash fares from II
cents to 20 cents. tokens from
rs cents to 80 cents for five and
did away with the unlimited
weekly pass. In place Of the
latter is a 75-cent weekly permit,
which may be used by paying an
additional 10 cents per ride.
Evening star., 1954-10-06
Candidates to Debute

John C. Webb. Democrat. and
Heuiet Phillips. Independent,
candidates for Congress from
the 10th Virginia district, will
debate local problems at a meet
ing of the Groveton Citizens
Al sociation at 8 pm. Friday in
the Groveton Elementary School
Evening star., 1954-10-06
Chiropructor to Lecture

BALTIMORE, Oct. 6 (P.-Dr.
Roland N. Kissinger of the Ma
tional College of Chiropractic
in Chicago will lecture at the
annual convention of the Mary
land Chiropractic Association in
Hagerstown, October 1917. @
Evening star., 1954-10-06
'oinfs FOR Parents By Edyth Thomas wo'loe'

Mother-Doctor. will you try
to find the cause Of my nervous
ness? 1t not only is bad for me
it keeps the children upset,
too.
Evening star., 1954-10-06

Onoeoo chance take advantage Of very savings
on Humnine Bird nyIons Propooned the foot, ankle Golf,
bend Of the knee and in length 5denier styles available plain
and dark Wild Rose beige Petal Belize medium
beige. Stordust neutral toupe
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1954-09-28
Gardeners See
Arrangements
Demonstrated

A most unusual and entertain
ing program marked the opening
of the London Garden clubs new
year Wednesday night at Coover
Memorial clubhouse. Following the
business session and discussion of
club activities for the coming
months, Mrs. F. E. Rosnagle, preSi-
dent, introduced Mr.. and Mrs.
Robert Sims, managers of the
local floral shop.
The guest speakers, transform
ing the front of the club room in
to florists workshop, demonstra-
ted for the group. the artistry
which has won prizes for them in
many professional competitions.
Showing the deftness and speed a
florist must have, Mr.. Sims made
several autumn arrangements,
stressing the use of dried grasses,
leaves and other lasting materials,
while his wife explained their uses,
methods of manufacturing and ad-
VantageS for the amateur arrang-
ep The newest in containers, &C
cessories and other equipment
were shown, as well as various
types of flowers and plants suit
able for home arrangements.
One of the highlights of the
demonstration was the swift fash
ioning of a crySanthemum corsage,
by which Mr.. Sims showed some
of the tricks of the trade which
club members might utilize them
selves. At the close of their talk,
the guests gave each member a
lovely long-stemmed California
rose as souvenir of the evening.
During the business meeting,
Mrs. Rosnagle named the follow
ing committees to serve during the
coming year: courtesy, Mrs. VOL
ford Jones and Mrs. D. H. Jack
man; civic, Mrs. VIM. Robson
and Mrs. Byers Adair; Exchange,
Mrs. r. B. Howard, and publicity
Mrs. T. ]. Selby. Program commit
tee also was announced: Miss
Mary Connor, Mrs. Everett Roger,
and Mrs. H. A. Tyson.
The president asked that men,
bers bring fall arrangements to
the next meeting, to be held at the
clubhouse on October u.
~ -
Mr.. and Mrs. Glenn Hayman,
Elm Street, with Mr.. and Mrs.
Stanley Johnston of Springfield,
are expected home the early part
of this week after two weeks va
cation on Manitoulin Island, Can
ada.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1954-09-28
HDC Works With In
Copper At AIl-Day
Meeting In Newport

The morning session of an all
day meeting of the Home Demon
stration Council at the Newport
Methodist Church, last Tuesday,
the members were instructed in
the making of copper pictures and
planters by Mrs. Floyd Butts and
Mrs. Robert Trehearne.
An auction sale of home baked
foods, hand made articles and at
tractive house plants, netted the
Council $38.30 Several lovely pic
lures were completed during the
afternoon.
The Council will attend the Dis
trict meeting in Washington c. H.,
October IL, further information a.
bout transportation to be given to
members later.
HostesSes for the meeting were,
Mrs. Floyd Butts, Mrs. Paul Rid
enour, Mrs. Edgar Smith and Mrs.
Herbert Fades.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1954-09-28
London Matrons
Not FoiIed In
Try For Outing

All along the way, the plans of
a group of London's young mat
rons, who were anticipating a
brief respite from home ties,
seemed fated to gang away, ac-
cording to the unravelling of their
experiences.
To start with, it was two and
one-half years ago that they sent
a request for the much sought
after tickets for the Ruth Lyons
show in Cincinnati. The tickets
finally came and were, all agreed,
for Tuesday, September q, So ar
rangements began for taking the
Pennsylvania from London Monday
morning in order to get in a
days sightseeing ahead of Tues
days TV appearance. 1t was quite
an early time for departure and
when the red light flashed for the
train to stop, those who had en-
trusted with care of all tickets,
seemed not to be among those
waiting. But it was still a little
early to be quite wide awake, so
it was only minutes before wits
were collected, fears that all was
not as it should be, were allayer,
noses were counted and the jour
ney began.
Monday went off on schedule
and Tuesday morning, six vivac-
ious young ladies presented their
tickets for the show. Imagine their
chagrin, when they appeared only
to be turned away, because. the
tickets were for Wednesday.
It's been a little hard to con-
vince the six baby-sitters left be-
hind that they hadn't been duped,
say the adventuresses, but the ex-
ira day of grace because of some
misunderstanding, whether Wilful
or otherwise, was worth all the
frowns and doubts, says Mrs. B.
V. CheSbrough, Mrs. Robert Hal
terman, Mrs. Robert Adams, Mrs.
Donald Foster, Mrs. Sam Landes
and Mrs. Neil Roddy, the six who
shared in the fun.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1954-09-28
Los Jevenes Class
Starts Fall Meetings

The Los Jovenes Sunday School
Class of the Methodist Church,
had its first fall meeting in the
church social rooms last Monday
evening.
Mrs. Eleanor Phillips, president,
conducted the business session
with devotionals led by Mrs. So
phia Fetter.
Group singing, with a musical
game, was conducted by Mrs. Vera
Phelger, with Mrs. Louise Wall.
pianist. The prize was awarded to
Mrs. Wanda Butts.
HosteSses were, Mrs. Ruth Bro
kaw, Mrs. Mary .Sponsler, Mrs
Donna Creamer, Mrs. Ann Price
Mrs. Blanche Laybourne, Miss Mil
dred Snyder and Mrs. Vera Phle.
ger.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1954-09-28
RosedaIe Harmony Club
Meets Mrs. Laird

The RoSedale Harmony Club,
had its second meeting of the fall
calendar, at the home of Mrs. E.
r. Laird, Davis Road.
The program, included an ex-
cellent book review on the life of
Mary Todd Lincoln, by Mrs. Louie
Becker, and an elaborate paper
on the Home of Today by Mrs.
Coen Wilson.
A salad course was served to,
Mrs. Louie Becker, Mrs. Jesse
Hart, Mrs. Edward Hackett, Sr.,
Mrs. Marion Williams, Mrs. Ora
Williams, Mrs. William Overturf,
Mrs. Paul Overturf, Mrs. Coen
Wilson, Mrs. Eldon Kraut, Mrs.
Marion Sanford, Mrs. Bertha Guy,
Miss Clara Williams and the
hostess.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1954-09-28
Facts About
Folks

Mr.. and Mrs. Pearl Keye, 31a
East High Street, with Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Bangert, 129 North
Chase Avenue, Columbus, have
just returned from a two weeks
trip to Niagara Falls and other
points in the east. They spent
several days, with Charles Bang
ert, Jr., and his family at 80 Pio-
neer Drive, West Hartford, Con-
necticutt.
~ ~
Mr.. and Mrs. James Stewart
and daughters Tina and Eileen,
of Middleburg, Penna., are spend
ing the weekend with the Rev.
and Mrs. Lawrence T. Rugh of
East Second Street. Mr.. Stewart
and Rev. Rugh met several years
ago when they spent a summer
together in the Pittsburgh Light
Opera Association.