davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-11-14
Bruzirs Leaders Are Happy to Find
Vargas Ghost Among Absentees

this new anti Communist
policy.
Economically. Brazil has
turned toward realism and
moderation. The Cafe cab
met ID composed Of men who
can be counted on TO steer the
country down Q safe course.
Minister Of Finance Eugenio
Gudin. q prominent economist,
has announced Q policy Of re-
laxed trade controls and en-
couragement Of foreign inyes-
tors. It is. Of course. question:
able how far the new govern
ment viii be able to 90 In face
Of strong nationalistic senti-
ment.
Oil Is Key
II foreign companies are
permitted to develop the ma
tion's petroleum resources SUI.
ficiently to supply domestic
demand, the approximately $25
million per month now used
to import oil can be turned to
the purchase Of much-needed
machinery for agricultural and
industrial Improvement. An
enlightened policy should bring
many other opportunities for
foreign investors. c
Coffee exports. which in July
reached the lowest figure In
nearly 40 years, showed an in
crease after price support was
modified early in August. Un-
der the new regime the coffee
situation should continue to
improves
President Cafe and his cabi-
net have approached imitation
and other economic problems
with keen understanding and
q determination to set Brazil's
house In order. They have
proceeded cautiously. however,
while awaiting word from the
electorate. Now. with q man
date from the people and
strong support in Congress.
the government shows promise
Of real accomplishment. It Is
also likely to follow more en-
Enthusiastically than It's prede-
cessor Brazil's traditional
policy Of close cooperation
with the United States.
Evening star., 1954-11-14

Ing ana SCreeuS ana even some
Of his fertilizer. White bro-
ken rice he uses for brewing
beer. It is also used In man
ufacture Of starch and In the
making Of alcohol. Some Of
the finest rice flour is used
to compound medicines. Husks
are used for fuel, for insul-
ating material and even pack
ing material.
In the rice-eating areas Of
China, the amount OF arabic
land available per person is
so small that the farmer
must give his whole atten-
tion to producing the one crop
which can do this for him.
Laboring from dawn to dusk.
he dredges canals and slug
gish streams, carries the ooze
to his fields, builds levees be-
tween the water filled trenches.
BY hand he sows the rice on
the water. When the seed
lings are about o month old.
he laboriously transplants
them a few inches apart in
the long rows separated by
the levees. Plodding water
buffalo and primitive hand
tools are all he has to ease
his burden.
Plenty on the Nile
The picture Of rice changes.
though, as one moves west
ward. As far west as Egypt it
remains a primary item of
diet. But the Egyptian fellah
(peaSant) has been luckier
this year than for the past
three. Heavy rains sWelled the
Nile. That meant plenty of
rice this year for Egypt
enough SO she could sell some
for badly needed foreign ex-
change. It goes to the scorched
Arab Middle East, where rice
is an expensive delicacy.
In Northern Italy, too, rice
is highly important. The mo-
tion picture Bitter Rice" told
the world the story Of 400, 900
rice workers of the Po Valley
and their struggle for exist
ence.
Italy has been growing. eat-.
ing and selling rice since
Marco Polo's time. It outranks
spaghetti as the mainstay Of
North Italy's diet. Italy is both
the biggest consumer and the.
biggest producer Of rice In
Europe. Nearly a million tons
of it came from 455. 900 acres
Of Italian farmland in 1858.
France, on the other hand.
can take rice or leave 1t alone.
It imports 1900 tons a year
from North Africa. Italy and
Indo-C China.
Algeria. in French North
Africa, has been the scene Of
intensive experiments in rice
culture. Algeria imports cheap
grades Of rice. but the rice it
exports is Of a high quality
which has become famous.
In the United States, Cali
fornia farmers produce rice In
a way which is a far cry from
the unending toll of the East.
California farmers. modern
from the word 60, begin their
operations by broadcasting
seed on the water from air.
planes.
ASSOCIATED Pressy
Evening star., 1954-11-14
By Frank Pitmon


Of poison bait started the
United States Fish and Wild
life Service on a determined
search in 1850 for another
method.
Tetramine proved to be the
answer-except for its high
toxicity. It is five times more
deadly than any other ro-
denticide ever tested by the
wildlife laboratory.
The chemical was patented
last year In the United States
by Farbenfabrdken Bayer A.
G. Of Leverkusen, Germany.
Small amounts were imported
for use BY the Wildlife Serv-
ice In It's research program.
but 1t was not licensed for
widespread use.
Tetramine Is so potent that
only one pound is needed to
protect one-half ton of Doug
las fir seeds from rodents.
Only one-half pound Of seed
is needed to cover an acre Of
land.
The method developed by
the Wildlife Service provides
for blending tetramine with q
20 per cent water solution Of
yellow dextrin. A pint Of this
sugar glue Is poured into q
small concrete mixer filled
with 80 pounds Of seed. The
seeds are barely moistened but
even this tiny amount of tet-
ramine protects the seed and
the seeding after the hull is
discarded in sprouting. Enough
tetramine remains in the
plant to kill mice or other
rodents that feed on the seed
lings.
Donald A. Spencer, Wild
Evening star., 1954-11-14
By William [. Ryon

violent political change there
interferes with normal proc
esses In which the south, in
non-C Communist hands. ordi-
narily ships rice to the less
productive north. now in Com
munist hands. In the case of
both. export markets are
shrinking anyway with the in
creased production Of coun-
tries which still do not have
enough for their populations.
THoilond Big Producer
The Communists made no
special gains. SO far as rice Is
concerned, In taking over
northern Indo-C China, since
that area normally does not
produce enough for its own
people. But 1t would be a far
different story If the Commu-
nists penetrated into Thai
land, just next door. Thailand
ranks with Burma in provid-
ing Southeast Asia's bowl Of
exportable rice.
Today. for a combination Of
political and economic rea-
sons, Red China is exporting
rice although that is it's prin-
cipal food and for centuries
it's export was forbidden. It is
part Of her desperate quest for
raw materials and industrial
machinery.
India at present imports
rice. The amount is decreas-
ing steadily and imports soon
will be used primarily for Gre
alton Of a food reserve. A large
part Of the importation-90O,-
900 tons this year - comes
from Burma. which charges a
higher price than other SELL
ers. But India takes it, not
only as a gesture of good will,
but as a means for Burma to
make payments on her debts
to India.
India's rice crop was fairly
good this year, but good or
bad, import or not. India is a
long way from having all 1t
needs. She is meeting only
minimum requirements and
yet other economic considera-
tions can induce her to export
some rice.
Jopon's Exomple
Southeast Asia nations have
an eye cooked at Japan, where
cultivators have gone in for
scientific methods which
greatly increase rice yields.
Now India and others are
thinking in terms Of doubling
their production by Japanese
methods. This could change
India from an importer to an
exporter of rice and further
shrink the markets of Asia,
with the frictions that would
involve.
But the peasant in the field
who produces the rice UNDER
stands little Of all this. He
knows rice is a rich food and
that it has many uses.
Broken rice or brown rice
is used to feed his cattle, pigs
and poultry. Rice straw is
used to make his hats and
sandals, to thatch his roof,
make his bedding, floor matt
Evening star., 1954-11-14
Asia Has Yet Another Rice Crisis

Rice means life itself for q
billion eople-almost half the
worlds population.
Today there is too much
rice on hand in Southeast
Ashland yet too little. In
that paradox lies a problem
which can become acute for
governments struggling to
build up economies Of the
areas new nations.
This has been an excep-
tionally good year for rice
crops. That means nations
which import rice are going
to buy less of it. It means ma
tions which export rice will
have a surplus on hand that
normally would be sold. That
brings economic problems just
as knotty as the problem of
shortages in an area chroni-
cally short of food.
Rice means everything to
Asia. It has broken govern
ments. It can even cause wars.
It can mean the difference
between communism and free
dom for a half billion people.
It is politics and economics.
In one part of the world
special varieties of rice are a
luxury for the rich mans ia
BILE. In another. rice is the
vital necessity of the poor. On
one side of the world it is
sown by hand and cultivated
with back-breaEing toll. On
the other side it is soWn from
airplanes and cultivated with
modern machinery.
Rice has spread all over the
world. But it is, in Asia that
it has it's life-or-death mean
ing. Nobody is sure just when
and where rice originated. It
was mentioned in the earliest
Chinese writings. In some
places of Asia it was con-
nected with ancient religious
rites.
Ninety per cent Of the
worlds rice is produced by
Asian nations, all the way
from Iran to the Philippines,
from China's Yangtze Valley
to Indonesias extremely fertile
soil. The rest is grown in
many places-Egypt, North
Africa, Spain, Italy, the United
States.
5000 Vorieties
There are more than 5000
different varieties of the
cereal. It can be cultivated in
the submerged paddles or in
the hills, at sea level or as
much as 1000 feet above it.
1t can be sown in tropical,
semitropical or temperate
climates.
But it is in Southeast Asia
that the role of rice is most
important to today's free
world. The principal rice ex-
porting countries there are
Burma, Thailand and the AS
sociated States of Indo- China.
But Burma's transport was so
badly mauled during World
War II, and her internal
situation so unstable for many
years, it has been difficult for
her to transport her rice to
markets. The Indo- China
rice crop was good, but the
Evening star., 1954-11-14

The ghost Of Getulio Vargas,
which was supposed to hover
over Brazil during the October
3 elections. seems toshaye varl-
ished. Returns, trickling in
slowly the past few weeks. in-
dicate that left-wing and pro-
nationalist politicians. who
had exploited Vargas bitter
suicide notes, did not fare as
well As had been anticipated.
Even In Vargas home state
Of Rio Grande do Sui, the
president OF his Labor Party
was badly defeated for. the
Senate. In Rio de Janeiro.
Luthero Vargas, son OF the
late president, was returned to
the Chamber of Deputies; hut
with q much larger vote q seat
was also won by Carlos
Lacerda. the newspaper editor
whose caustic denunciations of
Getulio had set of the chain
Of events that led directly to
his overthrow and subsequent
suicide.
Reds Lose
It was also Q defeat for the
Communists. Although the
party. which polled some 600,-
900 votes In l945 and 100000
In l94T, has been oficially OUT
lawed for more than seven
years. Vargas had permitted
It's members to operate rather
freely. Legitimate political
parties could support Commu-
nist-approved candidates and
In return get the Communist
vote. However. the open alli-
ance between Communists and
the Vargas party in the recent
elections does not seem to have
paid on very well.
The poor showing Of the
Labor Party should not come
! as q surprise to those familiar
with recent Brazilian histor&
In Brazil. as In many Latin
American countries, political
parties tend to be personal or
ganizations. As q consequence,
they are also temporary. The
party often dies with the
leader or undergoes q radical
transformation.
Furthermore. as was clearly
Evening star., 1954-11-14
BY William Columbus Davis

W WilIi0m Columbus Dovis
shown In the 1850 elections
when q large number Of his
hand-picked candidates went
down In defeat, Vargas own
popularity was considerably
greater than that Of his party.
Economic Issue
Brazil's mounting economic
difnculties were In large meas
ure responsible for the Vargas
triumph that year. But after
his election he spent too much
time Ia political maneuvers
and too little In solving eco
nomic problems. BY unwise
wage increases he encouraged
the already spiraling imitation.
His strongly nationaiistic
policy discouraged foreign in
vestors at o time when
Brazil sorely needed out
side aid to develop oil and
other resources. His attempt
to maintain q high minimum
price on coffee almost drove
Brazil's leading export product
OH the market. Indeed. eco
nomic crisis was the basic rea-
son for Vargas downfall In
1854.
On the positive side. the Oc-
;ober 3 voting brought some
significant results. Most i'm
portant, President Joao Cafe
Filho and his middle-o the
road government seem assured
Of adequate support in Con-
gress for their reform program
designed to get Brazil back
on its feet. The new Presi-
dent, a moderate conservative
and a close friend Of the
United States, has embarked
upon q path quite different
from the one Vargas travelled.
Anti-Red Campaign
Shortly after taking ONCE
on August "a. President Cafe
began to crack down on Com
munist agitators and sympa-
thizers. He served notice that
the old practice Of liberation
and appeasement Of Commu-
nists is q thing Of the past.
The October election results
are In part an endorsement Of
Evening star., 1954-11-14
Ultropoisonous 7etromine Expected
To Aid in Restoring Denuded Forests

life Service biologist. says
laboratory tests show that
tetramine- treated seed causes
mice to become acutely Ill
after three or four seeds are
eaten. It takes Is to 20 seeds
to kill O mouse. Since seed
scattered over large areas by
helicopters or hand-operated
cyclone seeders Is not readily
available In large numbers to
the mouse, 1t becomes sick
before eating Q fatal dose.
On Vancouver Island, British
Columbia. o 1853 test showed
tetramine- treated Douglas fir
seeds produced $500 seedlings
per acre compared with 1000
from untreated seed.
The experiments with tetra-
mine have pointed the way,
Mr.. Spencer says. 'in handling
the rodent problem with q
different method. Instead Of
killing rodents we'll try to
protect the seed"
Protecting seeds from rodents
will slash costs Of replanting
forest and range lands denuded
by fires or timbering opera
tions. The process Of growing
seedlings In q nursery and
then transplanting them by
hand In the forest costs about
$25 an acre in the Pacific
Northwest. The costs range rs
high as $65 an acre for plant
ing in the Black Hills of South
Dakota.
Chemically treated seed can
be distributed for about 81 an
acre. not including the cost
Of seed which varies season.
ally.
ASSOCIATED Press.)
Evening star., 1954-11-14

DENVER.-Successful meth
DDS for economical reseeding
OF millions Of acres Of denuded
forest and rargelands have
been developed with a highly
poisonous chemical so poi
sonous that the German man
ufacturer y has refused to
market It.
But United States wildlife
biologists, who first discovered
the chemical tetranlinea bene-
fit to direct forest reseeding
programs. believe they have
found an alternative compound
possessing all of tetramine's
advantages without its high
hazard" !"
Tetrannine. d German dye
intermediate, was screened
from more than. 5000 COM
pounds tested by biologists at
the United States wildlife re-
search laboratory here. Tetra-
mine coats seed with q poi
sonous armor that repels
rodents but does not affect the
termination process Of tree
and brush seeds.
Direct seeding methods in
the past have been stalled by
mice, squirrels and other
rodents that eat seed as soon
as 1t is scattered on the ground.
That forced lumber companies
and State and Federal agen-
cies to resort to expensive hand
planting or to widespread
poison bait campaigns to
destroy the rodents before
tree or brush seeds are scat
tered.
The mass destruction Of ro-
dents--ar1d possibly other
wildlife-by the distribution
Evening star., 1954-11-14
OPEN SUNDAY 10 Am. TO 6 PM
GARDEN
CLEARANCE
SAVE 2O9b to 4Oq6

Bulbs from oil over the world-mers than
100000 Of Them. Buy now and seve-plont
now for eolorful spring blooming!
Drive out todoy-brins the famiIy-it's trsat
to shop the "supsrmarket woy" with the handy
eaH. You're your own soIesman!
Every bulb, plant and shrub we sell 10 UNcoN.
DlTIoNALLY GUARANTEED TO GROW!
Evening star., 1954-11-14
BIG SAVINGS! SPECIAL
HOLLAND TULIP MIXTURE
rs for 81

A riot Of colors and Va.
rieties-an exotic Holland
tulip mixture. Wait till
you see your garden next
springl Buy now at this
big savingt 100 for $50.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13

a life long friend, and wife
of the Rev. B N. Moore of
Peoria, Ill. renuered the closing
selection, when They Ping
Those Golden Bells"
1t was an impressive sight
to see seated on the roStrum
many ministers of the Michigan
Conference of which Rev. Fisher
was conference evangelist, and
also in the special section re-
served for ministers those whom
he had served from all demo-
limitations, and those who were
school mates and friends.
All Of the members of the
Gospel Party that worked with
Reverend in some of his most
outstanding revivals, and es-
pecially when he made his
great entry In the city of Ros-
ton, Mass, were there. They
were Laymon T. Hunter,
Charles E. Fairfax and Ramon
w CroomeS. Other members of
the Party of more recent years
present were, Ralph H. Elliott,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13

in Evanston and Chicago.
The funeral services began
at 1890 P. M. Monday at the
church. The Rev. DR.. David
r. Thomas, pastor, was in
charge and master of cere-
monies. AS it was in Boston
many floral tributes surround
ed the bier. The entire altar was
one vast garden of flowers.
Music was furnished by the
church choirs, directed by Her
bert Carter, with Laymon T.
Hunter, music director of the
international Gospel Party at
the organ, assisted by Isadora
Buford, organist of the church,
and Ralph Elliott at the piano.
Solos were sung by the Rev.
R. H. Collins Lee, former pas
tor of Push A. M. E Zion
Church in Cambridge, Mass,
now pastor of Martin Temple
in Chicago. He was a school
mate of Rev. Fishers and he
sang one of his favorite songs
To-day" Mrs. Cora E. Moore,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13
RITES FOR HUB PASTOR
AT CHICAGO CHURCH

CHICAGO - Final funeral
services for the Rev. DR.. w.
Frederic Fisher, Director of the
International Gospel Party, the
Boosting Jesus Groups, Inc, and
the Christ Temple Church of
Personal Experience of Rox-
bury, Mass, were held at Great
er Walters A. M. E. Zion
Church of which he was a mem
Der in Chicago Ill.
After leaving Boston at $3.50
P. NJ. last Thursday, the body.
escorted by his widow, Mrs. Ju-
liza E. Fisher, three sons, his
sister, one siSter-in-law, and
Miss Edna Shelton, Executive
Secretary of the B. J. Groups
Movement, arrived at noon Fri
day IN Chicago and was taken
Immediately to the Rayner Fun
eral Parlors in Evanston where
it lay in state from Friday
evening until sunday afternoon.
Sunday evening it was taken
to the Church to remain in
state until the funeral services
Thousands viewed the remains
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13

under the auspices of the Equal
Rights League were carried
through Friday of last week,
March 5, and though at short
notice were interesting and
successful.
DR.. R. E. Simmons, Secretary
Maude Trotter Steward and
President Louis f. Pasco, ST..
had been delegated as Chair
men - at the Spot on State
Street where the Arst five pa
triots sacrificed their lives fol
American independence, at thu
old Granary Purying Grount
where all five were buried il
one grave and at the monu.
mention the Common, erected
to their memory in 1888 through
the long continued efforts of
Lewis E. Hayden, a slave who
had escaped to Boston by way
of the Underground Railroad.
Continued On Page -Four
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13
Julian D. Steele
Town Moderator
For Fourth Term

WEST ROXBURY - Topping
the list of all candidates for
town Office, Julian D. Steele
of this town was today re-
elected to his fourth consecu-
tive term as Town Moderator.
Steele, who lives on his coun-
try estate here with his wife
and daughter, is well known in
this area as an outstanding cit
izen and leader. He recently
served as chairman of a COM
| mittee to revise teachers pay.
Also prominent in Church work
he ii now serving as Vice-Afod-
orator of the Massachusetts,
Congregational Conference and
has been nominated to serve as
the next Moderator.
He is frequently heard as
commentator on the radio pro-
gram "Churchmen Weigh the
Continued On Page Four
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13
ANNUAL NAACP BANQUET AT
n. eng. MUTUAL HALL MARCH 10

Judge Jenny LOTHIAN Bar
ron of the Boston Municipal
Court will be the principal
speaker at the NAACP's Annu-
al Banquet, which additionally
opens the annual drive for
memberships.
The Banquet will be held at
the Charter Room of New Eng
land Mutual Hall at 7 pm. on
Thursday, March Is. Rudolph
Dubois, prominent Boston cater
er has been engaged by the
NAACP to serve the banquet.
Harry Elan, chairman of the
Banquet Committee, warns
that the capacity of the hall
is only $50 persons. Therefore,
tickets should be purchased as
early as possible. Last year all
of the late corners could not
be accommodated.
Tickets at $3.50 per person
may be obtained from members
of the banquet committee:
Harry Elan, HI 2-5316;
Mrs. Nan Hamme, KE 6-9065;
Mrs. Helen Mann, KE $4,000;
Mrs. Estella Crosby, CI7-8709;
Mrs. E. Alice Tay,or, co g.
0957;
Fred Yancey, EV 1887;
James Jones, GA 7-597O;
or
NAACP Office, 1872 fremont
Street, co 7-1058.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13
SHAW HOUSE
ANNUAL din Err
TUES. MARCH is

Reuben L. Lurie, state com
missioner OF correction, will be
the featured speaker at a din
ner COMMUNICATING the 47th
anniversary OF Robert Gould
Shaw House, Inc, March Is at
z p, M. in Maria Baldwin Hall,
IL Windsor ST.. Roxbury.
other speakers will include
the Rev. Howard P. Kellett,
the settlement S president; DR..
James NJ. Lee of Waterbury,
dentist and former member of
the Yadseut Club of the Robert
Gould Shaw House, and Morris
r. Taylor, Headworker. Council
Continued On Page Four
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13
SPECIAL DATES

MARCH 81 - E. G. O'Ban-
youn and E. c.. Johnson, St.
Paul Church, Cambridge, 4 pm.
MARCH Is Travelogue,
PMBC, SAB Massachusetts, Ave-,
BIS pm.
MARCH % Brotherhood
Breakfast for Hon. Hulan Z
Jack, Gardner Hotel, 8 am.
APRIL Is - Pseudora Cum
ningham in debut recital,
Jordan Hall, $50 pm.
MAY 2 Annual Musical
Tea of Betty Harper Flower
Club, at Freedom House.
BAY z - Annual Jabberwock
at .ew England Mutual Hall,
8 pm.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13
PRESIDENT NAMES CHICAGO
LAWYER ASST. SEC'Y. OF LABOR

Atty. J. Ernest wilkins, prom
inent colored lawyer of Chi
cago, was nominated last week
as Assistant Secretary of Labor
by President Eisenhower.
The new member was born
in Pennington, Mo, and is a
Phi Beta Kappa graduate of
the University of Illinois and
of the University of Chicago
Law School. He has practiced
law in Chicago since 1921.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13

DIR, C. C. Whites
OPERA TO BE
SHOWN here

Bostonians will receive with
pleasant anticipation the pros
pect of witnessing and hearing
DR.. Clarence Cameron Whites
press-Winning Haitian opera
"Quanga," which has been pro-
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13

March 1, DR.. William D. Mark
ham established himself as a
permanent part of Boston's pro-
fessional world.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1954-03-13

CLARENCE c. WHITE
Recent Boston visitor
whose opera, OUANGA" may
be produced in Boston.
duced so successfully in sew
eral cities.
While here recently as guest
of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Mu-
-sical Associations 35th banquet
Continued on Page Four