Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-26
Reason Fish Survive
In Icy Woter Sought
Several Expeditions
Plumb Ocean Mysteries
By Thomos R. Henry

In far northern waters fish thrive
In vast numbers In temperatures which
would be fatal to human beings.
The reason Is unknown, but Is be-
lieved In some way associated with
blood constitution and pressure. Efforts
to solve the problem will be made in
biological laboratory set I'D at Hebron
Fjord. Labrador, this summer by o
group Of scientists from the Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution under
the auspices OF the Arctic Institute of
North America.
The group. headed by DR.. Per r.
Scholander, will dredge fishes from
depths Of from 500 to 1000 feet. &C.
cording to the Arctic Institutes an
nouncement.
At the same time, using con-
verted Navy landing craft as labora-
tory, DR.. Norman ]. Wilimovsky Of the
American Museum Of Natural History
will make tape recordings of bar
rage of underwater sounds made by
some sort Of organisms which 1t has
not been possible to identify.
Other Investigations.
Still another floating laboratory win
be the Blue Dolphin, research ship Of
the Arctic Institute under command Of
DR.. David C. Mutt, Arctic specialist OF
Dartmouth College, which already Is
making investigations on the coast OF
Labrador.
Other investigators. according to an
institute announcement, are using Ia
cilities Of the Arctic Research Labora-
tory Of the Office of Naval Research at
Point Barrow. Alaska.
Longest project is an 18-month study
Of shallow water fauna and nora Of the
Arctic coast planned by DR.. D. v. Ellis
of McGill University, Montreal. After
Investigations in northwest Canada
this summer, DR.. Ellis will spend next
winter and summer studying wild life
of the northern tip Of Bafin Land.
Equally far north is team OF six men
and two women under the direction
of DR.. Rosario Mazzeo, director Of the
Massachusetts, Audubon Society. who
are studying animal life of Bylot Island
lust of the Baffin Land coast.
More Russian Scientists.
Russia's highly trained physicists and
engineers, essential for any modern
war effort, will be increased approxi-
mately by so per cent In the next two
years.
This is the conclusion of DR.. Nicholas
Dewitt Of Harvard's. Russian Research
Center from study of scientific man
power progress behind the Iron Cur
tain. lust reported to the American
Association for the Advancement OF
Science here. The conclusion Is de-
duced from what little data Is availa-
BILE, since the field is quite high on the
Russian secrecy list.
The number of trained engineers.
proportional to the population. has
been greater than in the United States,
it is concluded. although there was
some decline Immediately after the
war.
In 1852, according to the report. the
Soviet Union had approximately 1900
establishments devoted to scientific re-
search compared to 1850 in 1910 and
was employing about twice as many
research scientists.
Plans announced at recent party
congress, DR.. Dewitt says, proposed
that by 1856 annual graduations from
higher educational establishments
should about double those of 1850, or
approximately $4,000 each year. Ac-
ceptances OF students for higher studies
in engineering in 1850 were more than
10000.
so Per Cent Increase.
"Thus," he reports, "it is possible to
expect that by 1856 Soviet higher edr-
cational establishments will be grad
,uating about SO per cent more engi-
neers annually, or somewhat more than
$4,000. The number Of scientists IN all
fields employed by research establish
ments should double.
I'm the period between 1850 and the
end of 1866 it was planned that the
award of advanced graduate degrees
should also double, as compared with
the period between 1946 and the end
of 1850, during which about 1880 ad-
vanced degrees were awarded"
"All this permits no complacence on
our part" DR.. Dewitt warns. Until re-
Gently the training and qualitative per-
formance of Soviet scientists In many
fields of research and technology mas
remained almost UNEMPLOYED"