davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-10-08

with him and the history books attest
to the stature of Gen. Jackson. AS to
his appearance. any one interested need
only trust the evidence of his own eye
sight. Poor though photography of that
day may have been, it cannot conceal
or distort the appearance of this man:
his well-formed head and brow, fine
eyes and straight chiseled features.
The jackson most familiar to all is
portrayed in the front section of DR..
Freeman's first volume of Lees Lieu
tenants" but one of my favorites is
the young Mai. Jackson shown in
Volume II of Cauper's 100 Years at
VMI." This picture overshadows any
verbal description of the man. Jack
sons staunch soul and fine character
shine through even the most faded of
photographs. Margaret Adams.
Evening star., 1954-10-08
The Sordid FHA Story

New testimony about alleged venality,
fraud and widespread irregularities in past
administration of the Federal Housing pro-
gram is shocking to Capital grown accus-
toned to scandalous revelations Simultan-
eous senatorial, grand jury and Department
of Justice Investigations are adding par
ticularly sordid chapter to the record OF
what has become known as the mess in
Washington. The mink coat and freezer
scandals have been showed into relative
obscurity by the allegations of bribery, per-
sonal misconduct and corruption in general
which have emerged from the FILA in
quiries.
So big has the housing phase of the
"mesS" grown, in fact, that the Department
of Justice wisely has set up a special prose-
cution unit in the criminal division to
handle all the ramilcations. Meanwhile a
Federal grand jury here has begun an in
tensive investigation of charges that Clyde
L. Powell, discharged chief of the FILA
rental housing program, was involved in
bribery, large-scale gambling and other
wrongdoings during F1A's "windfall" era.
This was the period when many builders
reaped millions in profits through oversize
Government loans on apartment projects.
To some who have followed the dis
closures the most surprising part of the
whole case is not that such conditions could
have developed, undetected, for so long, but
that Mr.. Powell ever succeeded in landing
such choice Federal post. The Senate
Banking Committee has made public an
FBI report on the former FILA officials
26-year-long police record, showing numer-
Gus arrests and jailings for embezzlement,
passing bad checks and larceny, with at
least one plea of guilty to larceny. Yet this
ex-convict had no difdculty in rising to a
position of trust and power in the Govern
ment. Is it any wonder that the integrity
of FdA was compromised?
Mr. Powell's attorney has raised the
cry of political persecution" in defense of
his client. This seems more than a little
ridiculous against the background of his
clients Fifth Amendment pleas at the hear
ings. The FILA story, whatever its political
or business or other rami1cationS ought to
be revealed to the public in all its shameful
aspects-and those, inside or outside the
Government, who may have been criminally
implicated should be prosecuted to the limit.
Evening star., 1954-10-08

defender of American rights in the
British Parliament, who, like ourselves,
was witnessing tyranny masquerading
in the garment of liberty when he wrote
his reflections" in 1870. referred to
our liberties as IAN entailed inheritance
derived to us by our forefathers. and
to be transmitted to our posterity." If
the guardian of our liberties" by such
decisions, continues to give support and
encouragement to those whose designs
are offered in the fair name of liberal
ism, the liberties which will be received
by our posterity will bear little resem-
blance to those which we inherited from
our forefathers.
Eternal vigilance is the price OF
liberty"
Old Reactionary.
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Estimate Of Universe's
Size Again Is Doubled
Mt. PuIomor Astronomer
Measures SpiroL NebuIu
By Thomos R. Henry

The estimated size of creation has
again doubled.
This develops from measurements by
DR.. A. r. Sandage of the Mt. Palomar
Observatory of the Carnegie Institution
of Washington and California Institute
Of Technology of spiral nebula. or
island universe, in the constellation of
the Great Bear.
From this great aggregation Of stars.
probably roughly comparable to the
100-billion star Milky Way galaxy, light
moving at 10000 miles a second re-
quires about z million years to reach the
earth. Previous determinations had in
dicated distance of only about is
million light years. Nebula M8 had
been considered one of the nearest
neighbors in space.
Dim Bright Stars.
Distances of nearer neighbor galaxies
first were determined by means of the
frequencies Of so-called Cepheid var
tables detected in the great conglomera-
ton of stars. These peculiar stars, it
was known from many studies in the
Milky Way galaxy itself, waxed dim
and bright at intervals which depended
on their inherent brightneSses. BY COM
, parison with the brightness of nearby
stars Of known distance, the distance
of far-off objects could be estimated.
The first outer galaxy studied proved to
be about 100000 light years away.
About two years ago, DR.. Walter
Baade Of the Mt. Palomar staff dis
covered fundamental error in this
system. It had been determined that
there were two families of Cepheids
with quite different periods Of varia-
ton. His studies increased the scale
Of distances outside the Milky Way
to about double.
Measuring Methods.
DR.. Sandage concentrated on the
Great Bear nebulae, measuring not only
the Cepheids according to the new scale
but other types of variables and novae,
or suddenly exploding stars, one Of
which is observed in the Milky Way
system every few years. He used not
only the superior light-gathering pow
ers Of the 200-inch telescope but more
delicate detecting devices than had been
available in the past.
The result is to double the distance
again. 1t may be, Palomar astrono-
mers maintain, that the new measure
rnentS apply only to this single nebula.
Before the four-fold bigger creation
can be accepted, 1t will be necessary to
measure many more island universes.
1t is possible that no one system of
measurement will apply to all of them.
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Strophoneer's Lament

The Capital Transit Co. blames
traffic for the slow time made by It's
buses and trolleys. Service could be
improved if all operators. were required
to proceed to their destinations with
out slowdowns. have noticed many
operators look at their watches and
then deliberately wait and let the
traffic lights change before starting
again.
At the Bureau of Engraving under
ground station, where there is
no motor traffic at ALL it takes
approximately 10 minutes to board
trolley and leave the terminal. If
the lead car was allowed to pro-
ceed before it became completely
packed, it would speed up the whole
line of cars and, also, if passengers
were allowed to board standing empty
cars sooner
The doing away with the old weekly
Evening star., 1954-10-08
The MoIotoy-Menon Moneuver

The battle for Germany has moved into
a new, but not unanticipated, chapter on
the strength Of Soviet Foreign Minister Mo-
lotov's latest proposal for Big Four con-
ference on unif1cation and military evacua-
ton of that currently divided and occupied
country Mr. Molotov's bid, or one very much
like it, had been fully expected as counter
move to the Act of London and its plan for
West German sovereignty and rearmament.
His high cards, as usual, are the attractive
although counterfeit ones of seeming to offer
to Germans restoration of their national
unity and removal of foreign forces and
influence.
In only one respect does there appear
to be anything new about the Soviet Foreign
Minister'S latest suggestion and even that
is merely an elusive implication contained
in the declaration that his government
would be willing to discuss possible new
proposals on the question of free all-Ger-
man elections" In all previous EaSt-West
exchanges over the fate of Germany, the
Moscow formula called first for the forma-
ton of an alderman government-in
which Soviet-controlled East Germany, with
less than half the size and about one-third
the population, would have representation
equal to that of West Germany-with sub
Sequent elections under supervision of this
coalition government. It is procedure that
presumably would assure Moscow of the
continued power to block any genuine Ger
man independence and to prevent German
alliance with the West. The Western for
mula, on the other hand, called for inter-
nationally supervised free elections as the
first step toward forming an independent
alderman government.
The Communist tactic of presenting
East Germany as a sovereign" political
State entitled to equality in all matters with
West Germany received an assist, incident
ally, in the proposal of Krishna Menon,
chief Indian delegate to the United Nations,
that the two German governments enter
into direct negotiations on unif1cation OF
their country. BY implication, Mr.. Menon
likewise echoed the Communist suggestion
that all foreign troops be withdrawn from
Germany. Neither Mr.. Molotov nor Mr..
Menon mention the fact, however, that an
East German mechanical and air-armed
military force of more than 140, 900 men has
been added to their police establishment
a factor that might be highly important in
negotiations with an unarmed and unpro-
tected West German State.
While our own Government is thus far
silent on the latest Russian bid, and both
London and Paris have indicated they con-
slider it a familiar diversionary maneuver,
the political reaction in Bonn was encour-
aging. Chancellor Adenauer, heading coali-
ton that has shown some internal unrest
recently, received from the Free Democrats
the second party in the coalition-a quick
pledge of support on ratification of the Lon
don accord. With this closing of the coali-
ton ranks, the Bundestag Immediately ap-
proved the pact and pigeon-holed a Social
ist resolution favoring Big Four meeting.
For the time being, at least, this is West
Germany's answer to Mr.. Molotov and Mr..
Menon.
Evening star., 1954-10-08
HumiIton's Sentiments

Just at this time. when such mo-
mentous problems are confronting our
Government and those Of the entire
world, it seems essential that mature.
impartial, non-partisan and unpreju-
diced counsel prevail in all Of the de-
liberations of our law and policy max
ing bodies. The sentiments expressed
in a letter written March Is. 1888, by
Alexander Hamilton. that wise states
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Cooperation and the Atom

In a letter printed elsewhere on this
page, a reader takes an exceedingly dim
view of what our Government is doing in an
effort to promote international atomic CO.
operation But his strong doubts and fears,
which may be shared by more than few
other Americans, have no solid basis in fact.
Thus, to begin with, wholly apart from
the very strict limits that have been placed
on exchanging A-WeaponS information with
our Atlantic allieS-an exchange designed
to strengthen our own security as well as
theirs-the Presidents "atoms-for- peace"
plan enviSions completely non-military
cooperative venture. AS such, it would not
require us to disarm in any way, and even
If the Russians were to join in it eventually
as our Government hopeS-it would not
endanger in the slightest a single American
nuclear or thermonuclear armaments Sc
cret. Moreover, the fashionable materials
involved would be so "denatured" or con-
trolled as to prevent their being repro
cessed or accumulated or seized for war pur-
poses.
In broad summary what the Presidents
proposal calls for is simply this: The es-
tablishment of an international atomic
bank or pool to which all the participating
countries (not merely the United States)
would make continuing contributions OF
uranium, fashionable materials or nuclear
"knowhow" for peace. And these contri-
buttons, in turn, would be used for the
achievement of truly great and benef1cent
things in such fields as basic research, med1-
cine, agriculture and industrial power. In
other words, the whole enterprise would be
dedicated solely to the task Of making the
atom mans servant, not his Destroyer
servant capable of improving the health
and promoting the social and economic
progress of peoples everywhere, ourselves
included.
The United States has taken the inlt1a-
tive in this matter, of course, not only be-
cause it knows that wonderful work can be
done, but also because 1t recognizes that
It cannot afford to be beaten by the
Russians in the military atomic race
not any more than in the field OF A and II
weapons For If the men of the Kremhn
won out here on go-it-alone basis, II they
were able to get the Jump on the free world
in Offering to export nuclear-poWer reactors
or technology in exchange for uranium ores
or certain political and economic agree
ments, our position in the international
balance of power would be seriously affected.
This is so because the Soviets would then
be able to bid strongly against us, and
gy-hungry countries especially in Asia
and the Middle East-would tend to gravt-
tate toward Moscow.
And there is yet another reason-aside
from its political and psychological import
in the cold war, and aside from the vast
mutual enrichment it promises all nations
why the Presidents project is thing to be
cheered and pushed, not feared and OBJ
structed. The reason is this: That such
an enterprise, especially If the Kremlin
eventually decides to participate sincerely
in 1t, can be of immense value in terms OF
creating new climate Of cooperation, good
will and trust-a climate in which real
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question
Of fact BY writing The Evening Star InfoN
nation Bureau. 1900 Eye st. NV, Washing
ton 5, d. c. Please inclose three (SD cents for
return postage
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Fovorite Portrayal of Jackson

read with interest Julia Jackson
Preston's letter taking exception to
descriptions of her grandfather. Gen.
Stonewall Jackson, in Burke Davis new
book, "They Called Him Stonewall."
The devotion of the men who served
Evening star., 1954-10-08
BY THE HASKN SERVICE.

@. How many mines In the United
States are now producing uranium?-
M. w.
A. BY May /, 1854, some 430 mining
operators were producing and deliver
ing uranium ore from $50 mines in the
United States. The Colorado plateau
remains the most important source of
domestic uranium production and near
ly all the large ore bodies discovered
in the past two years are located in
this area.
@. recall saving peach stones for
some public purpose during World War
I. What were these used for?-R. j. c.
A. Peach stones were collected be-
cause the Government needed the hard
outside shell to make charcoal for gas
mask filters. The supply Of coconut
shells used for the purpose began to
run short, and the Government collected
various fruit seeds in order to test
which were most suitable for mixture
with the remaining supply of coconut
shells.
@. What becomes Of the egg shells
from eggs used to make powdered
eggs?-G. A. w.
A. The Institute of American Poultry
Industries says that although there
was at one time a limited market for
ground egg shells as a substitute for
oyster shell grits used in poultry feed.
such processing has been abandoned.
At present. egg shells present disposal
problem. In country drying plants
they are sometimes hauled to farms
and spread over the ground as ferti-
lizer. In towns and cities local regu-
lations govern the disposal methods.
@. Was Shakespeare's Juliet in the
play Romeo and Juliet" real person?
ID. w. S.
A. Shakespeare based his play on a
famous story that had appeared from
early times in q number of Italian
forms. Visitors to Verona are shown
the medieval palace of the Cappelletti
CCapulets), Jul1et's home, and her
legendary tomb. To many people she
is so real that letters from all over the
world come to Verona, addressed
merely to Juliet, Verona, Italy. In
1888, a honeymoon couple left a note
on her tomb. Later visitors saw it
and letters from lovelorn, desperate
or unhappy people have poured in ever
since.
@. Are there really 1000 islands In
the Thousand 1SlandS?-B. r. F..
A. Yes, and more. This New York
Canada playland contains more than
1,700 islands. located at the meeting
place Of Lake Ontario and the st.
Lawrence River.
Evening star., 1954-10-08
| etters to The Star.

pass has also contributed to slower
rides over the transit lines.
Edward j. Mac Clane.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-28
Nicaragua Seizes Band
OF COSTA Rican Rebels
~ No Assseiassd pfsss

SAN JOSE. Costa RIGA. July
%. Nicaragua says it has cap
tured . band Of Costa Rican
rebels who ned into the neigh
boring country after clashing
with Costa Rican troops.
The Foreign Ministry here said
last night D note from Nicaragua
reported her troops took the is
men into custody near the from
tier. They were disarmed and
sent to Managua, Nicaragua's
capital.
Costa Rican Army officials said
Monday the rebels fed into the
hills after q clash with troops
in which an army lieutenant and
four insurgents were killed.
Claudio Mora Molina. leader
of the band, was among those re-
ported captured. Costa Rica was
expected to ask for his extradi-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-28
State 10 Help Distribute
Food in Mining Areas
BY the Asseeiatsd Press

RICHMOND. Va. July 28.-
The State Department of Well
fare and Institutions yesterday
agreed to split on a $3.50 basis
the cost of distributing surplus
food to destitute families in six
southwest Virginia counties.
Under the plan. the depart
ment and the six counties will
share the cost Of distributing
the food. A board spokesman
estimated the board has about
$4,000 in special funds for such
assistance.
The six counties-Buchanan,
Dickerson, Lee, Russell, Taze-'
well and Wise-have been hard
hit by unemployment in the
coal mines. Some $4,000 per-
sons in about 10000 families
have received more than a mil
lion dollars worth of Federal
food in the six counties during
the past four months.
The United Mine Workers has
been distributing the food but
has said it can no longer bear
the cost.
Gov. Stanley had previously
approved the plan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-28
Jenner Seeks Passport Form
Filled Out by Probe Defer
Hinton Says Chino
Paid SoIory, Won't
Testify If He Is Red
By the Assoeie..d Pres.

Senator Jenner. Republican. of
Indiana. said today he viii make
q formal request to the State
Department for the passport APP
plication signed last summer by
William H. Hinton on his return
from six years in Communist
China.
Mr.. Hinton, 35-year-old ag-
economist from Putney, vt. yes
terday refused to tell the Inter-
nal Security subcommittee. head
ed by Senator Jenner, whether
he is member Of the Commu-
night Party. He testified under
oath that "of course have never
engaged in espionage"
He also declined to answer
questions concerning alleged
Communist activities Of his sis
ter. Joan Hinton, who, he testi-
Ned. is now in China working on
o dairy farm.
Senator Jenner called Mr..
Hinton's story zone of the most
startling ] have ever heard"
Says He Was Paid by Reds.
When Mr.. Hinton left China
last summer. he said, he was on
the payroll of the Communist
government at "close to SITS
monthly" He described his Job
this way:
II went out to China in 1947
originally as a member of the
Church Of the Brethren service
commission tractor unit, a part
of the United Nations relief and
rehabilitation program.
! spent the years from 1947
to 1858 on the Chinese main
land working chiefly In the field
of agriculture. I trained stu
! dents in the operation and care
OF tractors and combines and IN
the care and feeding Of dairy
. cattle"
When Mr.. Hinton left China
last summer. he testified, he took
the trans-Siberian railroad from
/ Peiping to Prague, Czechoslo-
vakia. leaving his wife and
Z daughter behind in China. Since
his United States passport had
expired. he said. he sought
/, renewal from the United States
Consulate at Prague.
Senator Jenner brought out
that in order to get a new pass
port Mr.. Hinton was required
to swear that he had never
taken an "oatn or declaration of
allegiance to a foreign state"
and had never accepted the
duties of any Office Of any for
eign state"
Made Changes" in Form.
Mr.. Hinton said he had made
ga number Of changes" in the
application before he signed it,
but could not recall what they
were. He said he had not signed
an application containing the
words read by Senator Jenner.
Senator Jenner asked: "You
were employed by q foreign gov
geIpment-did you sign that?"
Mr.. Hinton said he did not recall. |
In an interview today. Senator
Jenner said his committee would
make every effort to get the orig
inal Of the passport application |
to study it from every angle"
8 Mr.. Hinton is the son of Mrs. |
Carmelita Hinton, who founded
and is head of an exclusive
boarding school at Putney, VT.
He told the subcommittee that
In his opinion Eve shall have to
learn to live in peace with the
500 million people" in Red China.
He spoke glowingly Of the Chi
nese Communist government,
but repeatedly emphasized it
was. in his opinion, a coalition"
government Of many, parties.
Asked If the Chinese Reds
might be holding his wife and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-28

daughter as hostages" Mr..
Hinton looked surprised and
said:
"You are suggesting that peo-
pie over there hold hostages?
There is no such thing as hos
tages being held in China that
I know Of"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-28
Rig for Oil Drilling

HOUSTON-A rotary rig,
used to drill an oil and gas well
UP to 1000 feet in depth, requires
about 500 feet of wire rope and
q derrick which stands ct least
100 feet in height.
Evening star., 1954-10-22
The American Dream.

Since the beginning OF. time,
men have deluded themselves
or have been deluded by other
men-with fantasies OF life free
from labor or pain or sacrifice,
Evening star., 1954-10-22
.-AP Photo.

and good win who realized that
within an industrialized society
no man. no family. no commu-
nifty, no State can stand entirely
alone. Illness within a home
may be beyond relief by available
local measures. Our Government,
founded on the free individual.
can not ignore a single home In
such plight.
In these late years, another
Governor Of New York has
earned for himself the gratitude
of millions by carrying on, In the
tradition of AL Smith, the de-
velopment of State medical
facilities. ] refer to the able
and distinguished leader
Thomas E. Dewey.
>, It was in full harmony with
the convictions of these two
great champions of the public
good, that Is months ago there
was established in Washington q
new cabinet position and the
new executive Department of
Health, Education and Welfare.
In many fields of great human
concern. this new department
of Government helps the indi-
vidual, the family, the COM
Evening star., 1954-10-22
Eisenhower Praises Ideals Of Al Smith At MemoriaI Dinner

durable contribution TO the Re-
public.
Our goal Is q healthier ana
therefore stronger America-
Let us. then. resolve that
Our forward march win be
In the tradition Of men like
Al Smith;
Using government as the
servant of the people
Cherishing personal sacrifice
and the practice Of charitable
giving.
Confident that q healthier
and stronger America viii better
sustain our freedom: better pro-
mote our individual and ma
tional prosperity; make certain
our security and constantly en-
large our spiritual stature.