davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
DIAGNOSING Comet Disasters

British scientists and aeronautical en-
gineers, with national prestige and millions
of pounds Of invested capital depending
upon their research, believe they have
solved the mystery Of the fatal crashes Of
three Comet jetlinerS. Their answer is
metal fatigue" resulting in the shattering
Of the fuSelage Of the planes after a certain
period Of high-Speed and high-altitude
service with highly pressurized cabins.
In the multitude of tests made since
the disasters, this particular answer was
reached by submerging Comet in a tank
of water and pumping its cabin full Of air
to a pressure comparable to that registered
under flying conditions. Explosion Of the
test ship after six weeks under this pres
sure indicated that the metal skin had
reached a point of no return" as far as its
endurance was concerned A relationship
between this test and the actual mishaps
was believed established In the fact that
each Of the destroyed Comets had flown
about 5000 hours and that each seemed to
explode shortly after taking on and near
Ing It's cruising altitude Of about 81, 900 feet
at speed Of about 500 miles per hour. The
theory is that this amount of service and
the strains involved had robbed the metal
fuselages of the necessary toughnesS and
residence.
From an engineering standpoint, the
theory is credible one. The rate Of climb,
cruising altitude and cruising speed of the
Comets all are substantially greater than
for the best and fastest American piston
engine transport aircraft designed to
cruise at $50 miles per hour at 100000 feet.
Strain upon the cabin fuselage Of Comet,
particularly In the thinner atmosphere OF
So, 900 feet, Is estimated at about twice that
imposed upon the American planes.
It Is reported that engineers already
are redesigning the Comet fuselage in q
way to increase its pressure resistance. 1t
win be lengthy operation, requiring fur
ther testing after the new design is applied
to one or more OF the ships. It is still not
a certainty that the trouble has been found
or that the remedy being tried win be a.
successful one. Aviation authorities on
both sides of the Atlantic win hope that
the British scientists and engineers are on
the right track, however, and 1t Is inevitable
that Jet propulsion win be adapted with
safety and economy 70 transport aircraft.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
Nobody Called Her an Old Bucket Then
BY Jock Jonos

HoMN1ODCRE THOMAS TRUx-
~ TUN probably would have felt
some satisfaction In the current con-
gressional moves to rescue the frigate
Constellation from the neglect Of past
years.
But the salty old commodore might
also have offered the advice to '1et 'er
rot" II she wasn't worth salvage before.
He was la similar temper after his own
experience with the Navy.
The Senate has approved d bin TO
preserve the historic ship. and return
her to Baltimore where she was built
and launched In 1877. For years, she
has lain rotting in Boston beside her
sister ship. the Constitution.
The Constellation. the Nays oldest
fighting ship. served Commodore Trux-
tun well during bis hitch as her skipper
with the first United States fleet.
He watched her with the sharp eye
of cook watching q cabin boy while
she was being built at Baltimore. Later.
she came alive under his command and
scored many brilliant sea victories
But in less glorious years. the COM
modore suffered what he felt was the
sting Of neglect during mixup over
his resignation from mission to Trip
oil. He Stubbornly refused subsequent
pleas to take q Navy commission during
the War Of 1912.
Building OF the Constellation came
about because the Mediterranean Bar
barry powers were preying on fledgling
Americas merchantmen, and there was
no Navy to protect our ships. The Con-
tinental Navy had diSbanded follow
ing the War for Independence, with
the last Of its ships decommisSioned in
1885.
In 1886, Thomas Jefferson proposed
building a Navy Of SUFFICIENT strength
to EFFECT a peace through the medium
of war;" The proposal met with much
opposition and long congressional hear
ings. When the wrangling ended eight
years later. Congress authorized the
building Of six frigates. One Of them
was "the Begun frigate Constellation
1.265 tons, $314,212,' TO be built at
Baltimore.
Thomas Truxtun Of Hampstead,
Long Island, who had settled into the
merchant business following brilliant
career In the Continental Navy, was q
natural choice as officer in the new
Navy. He had won Washington's praise
for his devastation Of British shipping
in the English Channel while COM
handing the 20-gun Mars.
He had gone down to the sea at the
age Of IL. shipping In the London trade
Later, he served the British Navy as
an impressed seaman for two years
When the trouble with the Colonies
broke out. the English offered him a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
Omen Arrest Books

Although it has not been the practice
Of the police to close arrest books, there
nevertheless is reason to welcome passage
by the Senate Of a bill requiring that these
records be kept open for public inspection.
Advocates of total secrecy in cases Of
Juvenile crime have argued that the police
could close arrest books, and have sug-
gested that this should be done in juvenile
cases. If the Senate bill is finally enacted,
however, this argument will collapse, for
the police will have no discretion in the
matter.
The Star believes it is highly desirable
that these arrest records be kept open.
Except in extreme cases, newspapers have
not published the names of arrested jul
veniles, and will not do so in the future.
AS long as the arrest records are open for
inspection, however, 1t will be possible to
keep limited check on the operation Of
the Juvenile Court. It would be much bet
ter, and there would be no danger of abuse,
II the proceedings in the Juvenile Court
itself were thrown open. It would then be
possible to know whether some failure
there is responsible for the soaring juvenile
crime statistics. There is no prospect that
this will be done, however, and therefore
1t is increasingly important to keep the
arrest records open. Access to these affords
some indication as to the trend in juvenile
crime. In recent years there has been an
alarming increase, and the solution GER
tainly does not lie in extending the Ju-
venile Court blackout to the police record
books.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
Rioting Against Peiping

In its Voice of America broadcaStS re-
porting large-scale food riots in Red China,
the United States Information Agency has
not been telling a tall tale. It has merely
been repeating what it has learned from
Chinese Communist newspapers. These are,
authoritative sources, and what they have
had to say about the matter leaves no
room for doubt that the Mao Tze-tung re-
gime has been having real trouble with its
agricultural policy.
The policy, which involves the same sort
of farm collectivization that has failed so
miserably in the Soviet Union, has for the
past seven months required China's OPP
pressed and poverty stricken peasants to
hand over 80 per cent of their grain crops
to the Communist government at prices
low enough to amount to something little
better than confiScation. In turn despite
widespread hunger among the Chinese peo-
pie, Peiping has been exporting this food to
Russia and the European satellites in order
to pay for industrial imports from those
countries. AS result, there has been Sc
rious and protracted rioting in three big
provinces-Kansu in the northwest and
Human and Kwangsi in the south.
In all probability, the facts about this
trouble have been toned down in the stories
published by the Communist press Of
Shanghai Marking and other cities. Even
so, the stories have revealed enough to show
that in some areas thousands Of peasants
have banded together in state Of virtual
revolt extending over period of many
weeks. Undoubtedly the Mao tyranny will
be able to keep them under control with,
sheer force and terrorism, but their rebel
liousnesS is none the less a striking and
instructive indication of how vast num-
bers of the Chinese people must feel to-
ward their Peiping masters. One wonders
how any government can endure when it
thus instills only fear and hate-not 10y
alty-in the masses ground down by 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
Letters to The Star.

derstanding. # such courses are offered
consistently In the curricula of colleges,
military schools and even the upper
level Of our secondary schools, they
would have salutary effect on human
relations. They would doubtless con-
tribute much toward q broader under
standing Of mankind by future genera
tions. Bertha w. LOmack.
Cause for Confusion
In your June rs editorial, "Cause
For Confusion" you used -inadvert-
entity, no doubt-the expression: until
"a certain thing happens,) truly
representative local government cannot
be said to exist in Virginia"
Virginia cannot under any CIR
cl1Ynstances have q truly repre-
sentative" government, either local or
otherwise, until it complies with the
14th amendment and removes the
poll tax as a barrier to voting. In
1852, only 81 per cent Of the adults Of
Virginia were able to buy or cajole their
way to the election booth, and this was
the biggest turnout since Carter Glass
designed the poll tax In 1902. The pur-
pose Of the poll tax was to exclude Ne
groes from voting, but since Negroes
constitute only about one-third. Of Vir-
ginia's population, it is obvious that.
even in the banner year 1902, full
one-half of the white people were
prevented from participating in a
truly representative" government.
It seems to me time to let candidates
knouy that M Individual NAV he elected
to public Office in Virginia unless he
pledges himself to support, by all means
at his command, actions to repeal the
poll tax such as sponsored by the jun
Tor Chamber Of Commerce. the League
Of Women Voters, and others.
Richard L. Feldman.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
Fovors COED System

Regarding Marie Won Unschuld's
July letter. perhaps she has point
in advocating segregation in the schools
ON the basis of sex.
However, my brother still intends to
seek admission to the Women's College
of the University Of North Carolina.
It's much closer to his home than any
other, and he doesn't see any reason
why he should be Disseminated against
merely because Of his sex. It's really
terribly unfair!
BY the way -. wonder why 1t
Is considered admirable to be discrimi-
mating, and yet disgracefrl to dis
criminate2 Ernest Kidirule.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
Our Highways and the Future

fAS uu0lC1UQS &1UHGIAlUI6 nave @UCSI1
quick to indicate, the Presidents "grand
plan for vast program Of highway i'm
provement and expansion Is more than q
little bit controversial in terms Of how the
States are to figure In 1t. But what Is not
controversial about II Is the fact that some
such program regardless Of conflicting
views as to methods Of financing and direct
ing it's imperative for the future we'll
being Of the Nation.
For General Eisenhower speaking
through Vice President Nixon to the Gov
errors conference at Bolton Landing in
New York-haS not exaggerated In declar-
ing that the present road network In the
United States sis inadequate locally, and
obsolete as national system" Nor has he
exaggerated in warning that this deficiency,
as long as It exists, will continue to impose
very severe penalties on the American peo-
ple-penalties that include CD serious eco
nomic losses resulting from inefficient
transportation Of goods that have been eff
ficiently produced; az terrible annual toll
of dead and injured In highway accidents,
and (3) appalling inadequacies to meet the
demands of catastrophe or defense should
atomic war come"
It is true, Of course, that the United
States probably is far ahead Of most other
countries in road development. But that
does not alter the fact that as Nation
with our unparalleled and ever-growing
number Of high-speed passenger automo-
biles and trucks-we still have long way
to go before we can even approach attain
ment Of the kind Of local, State and inter-
state highway system that we need. And our
problem in that sense is particularly press
ing because our American population is in
creasing at a rate Of about IS million every
decade-which means, If the present trend
continues, that there will be 200 million Of
us by 1870, and perhaps almost as many as
800 million by 1000 A. D., which Is fewer
than so years from now, brief span in the
lifetime Of human society.
Accordingly, having in mind such highly
significant factors as this rapid population
growth, the President has proposed Fed
eral-State cooperative program under
Wilhelm addition to current normal road
expenditures-$50 billion would be laid out
during the next 10 years on projects de-
signed to make "a good start" on the net
work OF highways that the Nation viii sorely
require in the relatively near future. AS for
financing the undertaking, he has suggested
that each Of the projects be put on self
Hquidating basis wherever possible-to be
paid for through toll charges or the collec-
ton Of gasoline taxes. Further, where nee
essary, he would advance Federal funds to
support those parts OF the plan that could
not be carried out otherwise.
More than few Of the Governors have
taken rather dim view Of all this because
of fear that 1t would seriously impinge on
States rights. Nevertheless, although it
lends itself to debate In that respect, there
can be no doubt-in view Of our expanding
economy and fast-growing population that
something like the Presidents proposal
needs to put into effect In one way or an
other, and the sooner the better.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

@. Please give some information
about the new and simple method Of
getting rid Of starlings that was used
successfully in some Pennsylvania To-
calitieS.-H. j. z.
A. Someone discovered that when
a starting is held by the legs and shaken
1t utters shrill cry Of distress, which
serves as an alarm to drive other
starlings away. This call was recorded
and amplif1ed. At State College. the
sound was directed up into the trees
where the birds roasted, and success
fully drove away the pests.
9. What breeds Of dogs are most
suitable rs companions for chfldren2-
NJ. w. o.
A. Although some breeds are better
with children than others, the dispose
ton Of the individual dog must aIso
be taken into confederation. Among the
breeds which are recommended for this
purpose are: German shepard. collie.
boxer, foxhound. smooth haired fox
terrier. Welsh terrier, Irish terrier, ARE
dale terrier, poodle. dachshund. setter
beagle. American bull terrier, pointer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14

"A reader can get the answer to any question
OF fact By writing The Evening Star infor.
nation Bureau. 1900 Eye ct, NV, Washing.
ton B, d. O. Please incloSe three 30 cents for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-14

Pen-nanles may be used If letters carry
tDriterS' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
BY j. A. o'Leory

Two influential Senators Of
fered a constitutional amend
ment today to put an end to
deficit spending by requiring
each session of Congress to pro-
vide taxes equal to appropria-
tons.
The plan, sponsored by Re-
publican Senator Bridges of. New
Hampshire and Democratic Sem
ator Byrd of Virginia, would
prohibit an adjournment Of
Congress if appropriations ex-
ceeded estimates, except in time
Of war.
While this would not solve the
problem of the present Federal
debt, which is close to the legal
ceiling OF $275 billion. it would
keep 1t from going any higher.
Filed for Study.
The new constitutional
amendment was introduced as
Senate leaders were expecting
a last-minute request from the
Treasury to raise the $275 bill
lion debt ceiling before adjourn
ment. Senator Byrd said there
is no chance to amend the Con-
stitution this year, but the
Bridges-Byrd proposal was filed
for study during the recess.
Senator Bridges, chairman o1
the Appropriations Committee
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
Widow Killed, Sister
Badly Hurt in Crash

An Indian Head (Md.) woman
was killed and her sister critically
injured when their car was struck
from behind on Route 30 near
Indian Head last night.
Mrs. Jamie I. Brown. so, OF
Route /, was pronounced dead on
arrival at Providence Hospital.
Her sister, Mrs. Lucy Knott, 81,
of Is Potomac street, Indian
Head, was admitted in critical
condition. Both were widows.
State Police placed man.
slaughter and reckless driving
charges against Russell E. Titus
81, of the 200 block South st
Asaph street. Alexandria, driver
of the car that hit the car Mrs
Brown was driving.
Relatives said the two sister:
left Mrs. Browns home about
pm, for a short ride. The acct
dent occurred about 10 pm, siz
miles north of Indian Head.
In another accident, BIN liz
James Goodnight, %, Of the
Naval Gun Factory, was injured
when his car struck a post or
Livingston road in Prince
Georges County. He was adj
mitted to Casualty Hospital In
critical condition with a frac-
tured skull.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
Firing Awards Review
Banned by World Court
Rx the A,.neintaei Press

THE HAGUE, Netherlands,
July 13.-The World Court ruled
today the U. N. General Assem-
bly, has no right to review COM
pensation awards made to IL
Americans dismissed from Unit
ed Nations jobs after United
States inquiries into alleged SUBJ
versive activities.
The ruling, a 9-to-3 decision.
rejected a United States claim
that the Assembly had the power
to reconsider and possibly reject
compensation awards made by
the U. N. Administrative Tri-
bunal.
The II Americans, dismissed
by the U. N. secretary general
after refusing to answer ques-
tions before United States inves-
tigative agencies, had been
awarded more than $4,000 in
compensation by the tribunal.
The court said the ~. N.
General Assembly has no right
on any grounds to refuse to give
effect to awards of compensa-
ton" The judges who opposed
the majority opinion were from
the United States. Brazil and
| Chile.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13

A heat wave which has been
baking the central part of the
country moved into Washington.
today, pushing out the pleasant
weather of the past few days.
The temperature reached 90
degrees by pm. and was ex-
pected to go higher, and the pre-.
diction was for continued fair
and hot tomorrow.
AT least eight deaths were
attributed to the biggest heat
wave OF the summer In central
sections Of the Nation, and there
was little relief in sight.
The mercury zoomed to an
unofficial 121 degrees in Pitts
burg, Kans. yesterday and plus
100.degree readings were CONF
mon from the Rockies eastward
TO the Great Lakes.
Local water shortages deyel-
. oped IN some communities from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
Deficit Spending Ban Asked
In Bridges-Byrd Amendment
Seek Constitutional Edict to Require
Congress to Match Outlay and Taxes

said that in his opinion the
present dent and the cost of
carrying it will have to be re-
garded as 'semipermanent fac
tors in our economy.
"But regardless Of what can
be done concerning the sins of
the past, we must pledge our
selves to. sin no more" said SEN
ator Bridges.
$3.50 Billion Debt.
Senator Byrd told the Senate
that in Is years Congress has
appropriated $1.2 trillion, and
has spent 50 trillion, leaving UNI
expended balances Of SAB bill
lion.
At the same time we have
taken $675 billion out of the
pockets of the taxpayers and
loaded $3.50 billion In Federal
debt on their backs, = said the
Virginian.
Senator Bridges said deficit
spending must be stopped if the
steady decline in the value of
the American dollar is to be
halted. In 20 years. he said, the
dollar has declined to a value of
so cents and that If the same
policies were continued for the
next 40 years the dollar in 1894
would be worth 12.5 cents. He
pointed out that President Eisen-
hover in a June 10 speech pre-
dicted 40 years of costly defense
spending.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
How Will Dulles Trip Affect
Coming Showdown? Paris Asks
Large Majority Welcomes Revival
OfU S. Interest in Geneva Conference

Dulles meeting with Western
leaders have on the showdown
that is in the making?
Announcement of the Secre-
tary's trip came as a sensational
surprise in Geneva late yester-
day. A few moments earlier the
press Office of the United States
delegation was locked up for the
night. Aides called back sud-
denly from their dinners were
beaten to the announcement by
the French.
It was a rather typical per-
Torrance for the small group of
Americans In Geneva who move
in a tight little circle of isolation
more forlorn than splendid. The
American delegation, which
boosted 100 members at the start
of the conference, has dwindled
to six officers and a handful Of
(See MOVES. Page A-4.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
eutWuveMoves Into Cupitol,
Mercury Hits 90, Due to Climb

the heat and lack Of rainfall,
but no widespread crop damage
has developed yet,
Midwest City. an Oklahoma
City suburb of 10000, ran out Of
water last night as 1O7-degree
heat lead to record consumption.
Irate citizens demanded action
by the City Council. officials
said shortages viii occur daily as
long as the heat continues.
These all-time high heat rec
ords were set yesterday:
Columbia, Mo-, 113: Spring.
field, Mo-, I08: Rapid City. s.
Oak, 100; Dallas. Tex. l10.3, and
Casper, Wyo., 104.
Other high readings included
Emporia, Kans., Ia: Chadron,
Nebr., 10: Philip, S. Oak. 1903;
st. George. Utah, 1O8: Fort
Smith, Ark. lot. and Denver. 10l.
q record high for the date In
that city.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
Eisenhower Attends Rites
For Sister -in-Law
By The Associated Press

STATE COLLEGE. Pa, July
13.-President and Mrs. Eisen-
hover came to this university
today for the funeral Of the
Presidents sister-in-law, Mrs.
Milton S. Eisenhower.
The President and the First
Lady arrived at IL am. by car
from Altoona,s Blair County air.
port Sc miles away after a flight
from Washington in the presi-
Dental plane. the Columbine.
Accompanying them were Sec
rotary Of Agriculture Benson and
his son, Mark: Senator Carlson,
Republican, Of Kansas and Mrs,
Garrison; Senator DUH. Repub-
lican. of Pennsylvania, and Ar
| thur S. Fleming. defense mobili-
xation director.
The funeral service was SEIZED
uled in st. Andrews Episcopal
Church followed by burial IN
Centre County Memorial Park.
Mrs. Eisenhower, 40. wife 81
iDr. Milton S. Eisenhower. preSi-
dent of the Pennsylvania State
University. died Saturday. Hel
husband Is the Presidents
youngest brother.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-13
German Sovereignty
Move by Fall Seen
BIZ the Asseeie.ed Pres.

LONDON, July Is. - The
United States and Britain have
told France they agree West
Germany must be given limited
sovereignty by fall. a high diplo-
matte source said today.
He said Paris has been asked
to join Washington and London
in taking this action even If
France rejects or further delays
ratification of the European De-
tense Community tEDC).
# France refuses, a British
American plan is reported ready.
under which control of the Amer
lean and British occupation zones
would be returned to the Ger
mans.
Political and legal experts Of
the United States and Britain
have been working on these prob
lens at the foreign office for the
past week. They have proposed
their governments wind up the
American British-F French nigh
commission in Bonn only as q
last resort. American and Brit
tsh embassies would be set ur
instead and the French would
De left In their own zone to face
the West Germans.