davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Massachusetts City
Fights Health Threat
In Wake Of Flood
BY .hs Assesie.sd Prsss

PEABODY, Mass. May IT,
This industrial city Of $4,000
counted q loss Of millions today
as it cleared debris and fought
health menace in the wake Of
a flash flood caused by q dam
burst.
Mayor Philip c. o'Donnell said
the flood waters, which raced
into the heart Of the city last
night, caused what may result in
the heaviest property damage
Of any non-fatal disaster" in the
city's 300-year history.
AS digging out operations got
underway. State and local health
officials Joined to combat the
health problem.
The city's nine schools, with
$500 children, were ordered
closed for the day. All restaur-
ants and food stores were ear
marked for close inspections.
City-wide water tests were sched-
uled. Police equipped with loud
speaking systems cruised the
streets warning residents to boil
all water used for drinking or
cooking.
Chemicals Add to Menace.
The health menace was in
creased. officials said, by the
mixture of chemicals from
leather tanneries and other in
dustrial plants with the flood
waters. Hundreds of gallons Of
gasoline and flowed freely.
No persons suffered any serious
mishaps as a result of the food.
Police credited the speedy mobili.
zation OF evacua Glon forces with
the prevention of injuries or
panic.
Up to 6 Feet Deep.
The water surged downhill into
the central business area Of Pea
body Square after two one-ton
granite blocks of a dam gave
way at pond called The Flume
about a mile away.
Water up to 6 feet deep flooded
scores of buildings, including IS
factories. all the city's main
stores city hall. police and fire
headquarters and the historic
150-year-old South Congrega-
tional Church. Mayor O'Donnell
said some 1000 leather workers
face an indefinite layoff because
Of damage to tanneries.
Police from several com.
munities. auxiliary police, fire.
fighters. Civil Defense personnel
and some $50 Coast Guardsmen
Joined in rescue and evacuation
operations.
About so families were
evacuated from their homes by
police and Coast Guardsmen US
ing an amphibious duck" and
smaller craft.
At least two persons were
rescued from drowning in the
rushing waters. ~.
Two Square Miles Flooded.
About two square miles Of this
city IS miles northeast Of Bos-
ton were inundated. but only
about half the area was covered
with water measurable in feet.
The dam gave way under
pressure of water accumulated
during two weeks of an almost
steady rain In New England. The
total rainfall in Boston for the
month is 1858 inches, far sur
passing the Weather Bureau rec
ord of 6.31 inches in 1901.
The water began to recede
about six hours after the dam
burst.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
ScooI Reorganization Sure,
But Methods Are Unsettled

quirement made 1t necessary to
move them.
For instance. some white pu-
pills might have to move into
another building If colored chill
dren. living nearer to the partic.
ular school than the white pu-
pills, would be subject to greater
hardship II denied admission.
In some cases pupils from q
crowded colored school would
logically move into D. nearby
white school II it has extra room.
School officials feel it is unde-
sirable to switch pupils from
one school to another II it can
be avoided. because pupils form
attachments for schools and
teachers and the school program
is disrupted by such moves. This
is why some officials would like
to see some flexibilityf In using
the new school map. at the out
cat ~
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Buildings

DR.. Corning has stated that
integration would not eliminate
the need for most of the long
range school construction pro-
gram. But some projects un-
doubtedly can be abandoned.
1ntegration also ends the need
for further school transfers.
On the other hand there are
other areas where there are no
vacant classrooms and new ones
still must be built. Examples
are Anacostia and the far North
east. centers of rapid home con-
struction. Anacostia still will
need new junior high at Fourth
street and Mississippi avenue
Sc. and another new junior
high must 60 ahead at Forty
second and Grant streets NE.
Also affected by integration.
Of course. are interscholastic
sports, the high school cadet
corps, parent-teacher associa-
tions and numerous teacher or
ganizations.
Under integration. q few
schools probably will 60 out Of
existence. The two teachers
colleges are certain to be COM
bined. Probably the two tech
nical high schools-McKinley
and Arnistrong-also will be
merged. One colored elementary
school-Military Road. which
has fewer than 80 pupils-nnay
be closed.
Merger Of the teacher colleges
means finding a place to put
them. Western High School has
been suggested. and so has a
new building. It is doubtful If
the space can be found next fall.
The effect on remaining
schools might be something like
this:
OF the six white high schools
(not counting Mckinley, three
are likely to be little affected.
These are Woodrow Wilson.
Western and Coolidge. Anacostia
might acquire some colored pu-
pills but it is already over capac-
ity so little immediate change IS
likely. Eastern. now far below
capacity. can expect a sizeable
enrolment Of colored children.
Roosevelt, now less than half
full. can expect even more.
The three colored high schools
tnot counting Armstrong; prob
ably win undergo little immedi-
ate change.
OF the IL white Junior highs,
five win be affected only slightly.
These are Deal. Paul, Gordon.
Taft and Kramer. The remain
der can expect varying numbers
Of colored pupils.
The II colored Junior highs
are all crowded. and some over
now from all Of them probably
viii move into the nearest white
schools. Whether any white pu-
pills move to schools now colored
depends on what plan Of pupil
assignments is adopted.
OF the So white grade schools,
possibly IS viii be affected very
little. 10 Uill be affected some
what more. and the remaining
23 win be affected considerably.
In the 81 colored grade schools.
some pupils from perhaps 20 now
crowded win move to nearby
white schools. The rest prob
ably wiz be largely unaffected.
Evening star., 1954-05-17

mentary schools. and two for re-
search. There are also separate
STATS under each Of these on
GERS.
And there are separate STATS
OF elementary school directors,
teaching supervisors, depart
ment heads and attendance Of
1icers.
The colored schools, under the
first assistant superintendent in
charge Of senior highs, are in
fact practically autonomous in
many details, although commit
tees from both white and colored
divisions often work together and
teachers and principals hold oc-
casional bi-racial meetings.
These duplicate stats must
be merged. The board Of edu-
cation must decide how many
of the officers are still needed
in the jobs they are doing now.
and II some aren't. what to do
with them.
One possibility is to divide the
city into geographical areas,
assigning certain officers to each.
But this is another problem the
board hasn't considered yet.
Along with the administrative
officers. their stats must be
Shufned. Some Offices now have
only white or colored clerks.
Under integration. this will be
changed. too. ;f Will Z
About the only view Supt.
Hobart M. Corning has ex-
pressed on the administrative
problem is that all present per-
sonnel will be needed. But he
hasn't said how. G.r
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Administration

Administratively the school
system now is really two school
systems. one white. the other
colored.
Under the superintendent
there are 11ve system wide admin.
istrative ofdces. There Is one as
sociate superintendent in charge
OF personnel. and one In charge
OF buildings and grounds; one
business director: one cafeteria
director: one attendance direc-
tor. All these. incidentally. are
white.
But there are two associate
superintendents for senior highsJ
Evening star., 1954-05-17
examinations


This year one step has been
taken which will facilitate the
change to integrated teacher
hiring. This spring uniform ex-
aminations are to be given to
all teacher applicants. Formerly
white and colored applicants
were given separate tests.
There are still two separate
examining boards to administer
these tests. however. These will
have to be merged.
In addition the present sep
arate lists Of qualified white
and colored applicants presum-
ably will now be invalid. It
would be difficult to merge them,
since those on the lists were
given different examinations, so
applicants on the lists may have
to be re-examined by q new
board.
All teachers must submit Ger.
tain credentials and undergo an
interview to qualify 70. q teach
ing license. But temporary
teachers don't have to take the
written examinations in their
subject fields which are required
Of those seeking permanent sta
tus. The temporary teachers are
merely hired and assigned ad-
ministratively.
While permanent teachers
once past their probationary Pc
riod-have strict job-protection
rights. temorary teachers have
none.
There are now many tempo
rary teachers In the school sys-
tenn. but most of them are in
the white schools. This has
significance, because there is q
shortage-here and nationally
OF white teachers who want per-
manent status. But there are
plenty of Negro applicants.
1t Is not yet clear what the
status Of the white temporary
teachers win be If qualified Negro
applicants - seeking permanent
status-seek their Jobs.
Some teacher spokesmen have
said privately. however, that
qualified permanent applicants
must be given preference over
temporary. With the white
teacher shortage. this might
mean hiring q good many more
Negro than white teachers in the
future.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Pupils

Pupil assignments win be O
complicated problem.
The first task school officials
will have is to draw up o brand
new map Of school districts.
theoretically. all pupils then
should be assigned according to
the new map. which means to
the school nearest their homes.
Some school officials, however,
would like to keep to q minimum
any pupil stunning next fall.
One suggestion is that present
students be allowed to remain
in the schools they now attend,
except where a school Is over
crowded or some pupils are too
far from home.
Under this plan new students
would be required to attend the
school nearest their home. but
old students could stay where
they are, unless some serious re-
tive for junior highs. two for ele-
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Concer Rute Rises

NEW YORK.-The death rate
from cancer has risen from IS
per 100000 population in 1900 to
an estimated 40 In 1850.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Glasses

Besides the problems of ap-
pointing teachers and assigning
them to school buildings. there
is also the question Of class as
signments within an integrated
school. This win have to be
worked out by the school admin.
istrators and principals.
School officials frankly antici-
pate that some present teachers
may resign or retire.
Evening star., 1954-05-17

SAAoS' ." ASoCV 0V SAAS OAsoSWs
EnroIIments
There is bound to be some
shufiing Of pupils. because
Negro schools-which have 81
per cent of the total enrolment
in many cases are seriously
crowded. while nearby white
schools in many neighborhoods
are far from full.
Negro enrolment overlook
white four years ago and is ex-
pected to continue increasing.
At the start Of this school year
colored pupils had increased to
58,961 and white had decreased
to 44,797. The total, 103,7 ,758. was
the largest in the public school
systems history.
Enrolment dropped slightly
this term in both divisions, be-
cause of midyear graduations.
But next fall the total is expected
to reach 108.651, with the COL
ored pupils outnumbering white
by 10000.
The extent to which this ma
jority of colored pupils and mi
nority Of white become inter-
mixed depends partly on the
city's population distribution and
partly on school board policy.
Negro school children are con-
centrated heavily in the central
part Of the city. There also are
large Negro concentrations in the
far Southeast. the far Northeast,
and in the central Northwest.
More Negro residents have been
moving northward.
There are few Negro residents
toward the upper Northwest and
upper central Northeast, how
ever.
Schools, both white and cola
ored. in the neighborhoods where
both races live in large numbers,
will be the most affected by in
tegration. Those in neighbor-
hoods mostly confined to one
race or the other will be affected
slightly. If at all.
Where, policy comes in is with
q school board decision on
whether to integrate all grades
at once. and whether to attempt
for the present to maintain pres
ent pupil assignments. insofar
as possible.
Supt. Hobart M. Corning in
December said he favors carry.
ing out integration as quickly as
possible He said no school Of
ficials ARE committed to a pro-
gram Of gradualism on this
change" and he said he agreed
with the Districts brief in the
segregation case which stated
integration q grade at q time
would be undesirable.
Beyond this. however. the su-
perintendent has not indicated
his attitude.
Evening star., 1954-05-17

to q particular school.
In filling vacancies. permanent
teachers are assigned in the
order Of their standing on an
eligibility list resulting from ex-
eminationS.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
District Public Schools

TIC DtStT1ct Dual Pubic School System a Glnnce:
PUPILS ~ o''- A's'
This school year
October "a 44042 58936 1o3 TIA
Next fall (estimate) -----44l99 64462 lO86sl
TEACHERS
This term 1859 3s62
Next fall 36os
BUILDINGS
With enrolment above on
cial capacity lS
With enrolment below ON.
cial capacity ------------ 81 23 n
CLASSROONdS-
942 1894
Evening star., 1954-05-17
EnroIlments

pected to undergo very little
change, at least at the outset.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
(continued From First PACE }

There was a wide range Of
recommendations. however, as
to the timing Of any such order.
Opponents Of segregation said
they recognized administrative
adjustments could not be made
overnight in some communities
but that complete integration
could and should be effected
within . year. and preferably by
next September. Attorneys for
Virginia and South Carolina
Evening star., 1954-01-03
Humphrey UrgesU.S.
Join UN Atomic Pool
BY the A.soeiaied Pres,

Senator Humphrey. Democrat,
OF Minnesota, yesterday proposed
to President Eisenhower that the
United States join an existing
European organization. set up
under the United Nations, for
pooling atomic information.
Senator Humphrey said that
in this way a start could be made
toward achieving the Presidents
objective of international action
to foster peaceful uses of nuclear
energy, without waiting for
Russia to accept the plan.
In a speech to the U. N.
December 8, Gen. Eisenhower
called for an international pool
of atomic materials to be used
for peaceful purposes. The Presi-
dent said Russia's participation
in such a plan is necessary
condition.
But Senator Humphrey said
IL European nations have signed
a convention under the United
Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization set
ting up the European organiza-
ton for nuclear research.
THE program for the new Eu-
ropean organization includes the
construction of a new interna-
tional laboratory for nuclear re-
search and the continuation of
cooperation between existing
laboratories in the various coun-
tries" Senator Humphrey said.
He added that this organiza-
tion actually got it's. start from
q United States recommendation.
Senator Humphrey, member
OF the Foreign Relations Com
mittee. said in an interview the
Atomic Energy Act would prob
ably have to be amended before
this country could take part in
any organization set UP to ex-
change atomic information on
an international level.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
Woman, IS, Assaulted
AT Work in Grocery

"A 35-year-old woman re-
ported she was assaulted in the
grocery where she works in
broad daylight yesterday after
noon.
Police said the woman was
standing behind the counter in
the Faraday Grocery, 1866 r.
wing street NV, when a man,
IS to 40 years old and about
6 feet tall. entered. and forced
her to the floor. She eaid he
fed when she broke q soft drink
bottle on his head.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
Joycees Pick 10 Young Men
As Top Americans in 1853

IN. CO. Tribune, fought the Ku
Klux Klan for 13 years despite
threats to himself and his family
and eventually brought about
the disintegration of the xxx
in the South.
The book South Of Freedom"
and the series of articles How
Far from Slavery" by Minne-
apolis newsman Rowan won
plaudits from across the nation.
He was winner of the Sidney
Hillman Foundation Award for
the best newspaper reporting in
1885," citation for "outstand-
ing performance in his chosen
profession" from Lincoln Uni
versity and was cited by the Uni
versity of Minnesota chapter Of
Sigma Delta Chi for "outstand-
ing newspaper reporting in 1851"
Risked Life in Tests.
For two years DR.. Koritz risked
his life to develop a new type of
artificial respiration. He had
permitted himself to be anes-
thetized and paralyzed, then
dangled atop a telephone pole
while respiration experiments
were conducted upon his body.
Representative Stringfellow
led group of 80 officers Of the
Office Of Strategic Services in
the Hahn capture. Although the
mission was successful, Mr..
Stringfellow and four others, the
only ones Of the 30 to come out
alive, were taken prisoner and
tortured. He became partially
paralyzed as a result.
Bishop Gordon, Episcopal
Bishop Of Alaska. has flown more
than 100000 miles In the last
four years carrying on his work
among Eskimos. Indians and
whites. In remote areas.
Mr.. Estes, when he was 13 re-
ceived o. lamb as a Christmas
gift. In the following six years
of All club work he parlayed
the profits from that lamb into
a $685. 900 farm investment. Now,
as only part of his operations,
are 1000 acres Of cotton produc-
ing farm land. a plant manu-
featuring all-steel farm build
ings which crossed almost $780,
600 in the last year, and part
ownership Of a giant country
store doing 100000 q month
business.
Sergt. Miyamura, leader Of a
machine-gun squad in Korea,
single-handed covered the with
drawal of his badly outnumbered
men. He stayed behind and
killed more than so of the enemy
with rifle and bayonet before he
was wounded and captured. He
was released in the POW ex-
change last August.
Mr.. Miller. through explora-
tion Of the glacier areas of the
far North, has contributed
greatly to national security by
supplying scientific information
to the armed forces.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
Life in the u. S.
----------------------.--
Buffalo Roon1s
Somewhere in
New Jersey
BY the Assoeiaied p.sss

PHILLIPSBURG. N. j., Jan.
2.-Three airplanes today joined
the search for Beulah the Buf-
falo, a 600-pound specimen
which headed for the hills
Thursday afternoon.
What was q buffalo doing in
Warren County, N. j., anyway?
Well, Albert Sands, who operates
the Lanark Stables near here.
bought Beulah and her boy
friend. Benny. to join q herd Of
deer he keeps on public display.
He was unloading the massive
creatures Thursday. Benny was
docile enough, but Beulah kicked
up her ponderous heels and
took OF in the direction of Mon
tana Mountain, which she may
have mistaken for home.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
Snow Lift Awaits Snow

STOWE, VT. (P-If nature
co-operates, enough snow for
10000 Snowballs will be
shipped from Mount Mansfield
to Puerto Rico tomorrow so
the kids in the tropical isle
can stage a SNOWFALL fight.
Sponsors are keeping their
fingers crossed, however. be-
cause of the general scarcity
Of snow in this skiing area.
The snow, If available, viii
be packed in insulated con-
tainers and taken by truck to
New York. There, the boxes
will be placed aboard an East
ern Airlines plane Monday for
the 1,600-mile flight to San
Juan.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
5 District Veterans
Arrive From Far East
BY the As.oeioisd Pres,

SEATTLE. Wash, Jan. a.
The steamship Gen. M. M.
Patrick arrived at the Army
port of embarkation here today
with l.l8l servicemen from the
Far East.
The passenger list includes
the following from the District
of Columbia:
Clarence e. Lee, Joseph Mi
halcik. 1st 1t. Alphonse Can
ella. Charles A. Waterstraat,
and Alan B. White.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
BY me Assoeioted Press

TULSA, Okla, Jan. "A man
responsible for upsetting Ger
many's timetable for developing
the atom bomb. the Governor of
Tennessee and the first weekly
! newspaper editor ever to win the
Pulitzer prize were named to-
day among the 10 top young
American men of 1858 by the
United States Junior Chamber
Of Commerce.
The men all are between the
ages of 81 and SO and are Sc
lected annually by the Jaycees.
They will be honored at ban
quet January % at Seattle,
Wash.
The winners:
Albert Schatz, 80, Fairlawn,
N. j.; college professor and re-
search worker, for his part in
the discovery of the wonder drug
streptomycin.
Douglas r. Stringfellow, 81.
Ogden, Utah: member of the
United States House of Repre-
sentativeS, for espionage and
sabotage activities during World
War II which resulted in the
capture OF German scientist Otto
Hahn and the unbalancing Of
the Reich's timetible in perfect
ing the atom bomb.
Frank Goad Clement, 80, Nash
vile, Tenn; Governor of Ten
nessee. for outstanding leader
ship and contributions to the
general welfare Of the people.
Episcopal Bishop William Jones
Gordon. jr.. IS. Fairbanks. Alas
ka; for constantly risking his
life to bring religion to Alaska.
f Walter Horace Carter. 80, Ia
Dor City. N. c.: publisher of a
weekly newspaper for his Pulit-
zer PriEe-winning fight against
the Ku Klux Klan.
Carl T. Rowan. 20, colored,
Minneapolis, Mimi; newspaper
reporter. for outstanding contri-
buttons to the journalism profess
sion with his articles and books
on racial prejudice.
Billie Sol Estes, %, Pecos,
Tex; farmer and real estate
owner, for unusual business ac-
complishments in agriculture and
real estate.
DR.. Lloyd Thomas Koritz, 26.
Rochelle, Ill.; doctor of medicine,
for risking his life to develop
new techniques in artificial res
piration.
Sergt. Hiroshi Miyamura, %.
Gallup, N. Mex: holder of the
Medal of Honor. for heroism and
devotion to duty as a soldier in
the Korean war.
Maynard Malcolm Miller, 80.
Seattle, WASH; geologist, ex-
plorer, writer and lecturer; for
outstanding leadership in the
field Of geological science.
Research Continues.
Schatz, co-discoverer of strep-
tomycin at the age of %, now is
working on new methods of
.fertilizing soils, new means of
controlling plant diseases, the.
process of cancer formation.
ways to produce hormones eco
nomically and a new way to
diagnose and treat multiple
ScleroSiS.
Tennessee's Gov. Clement,
elected last year, is credited
with preventing new taxation;
establishment of the States first
department of mental health,
and creating a wholesome at
mosphere in State affairs.
Mr.. Carter, co-owner and pub
lished of the weekly Tabor City
Evening star., 1954-01-03
Rensselaer, Decn to Speak

DR.. Paul Emil Hemke, dean Of
the faculty at Rensselaer, Poly
technic Institute. will speak
during a meeting Of the Rens-
selaer Alumni Of the District at
$50 pm. Tuesday In Fogans
Steak House, 23l7 Calvert
street NV.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
8 in FcmiIy Lose TonsiIs

WICHITA. Kan, R.-St.
Francis Hospital had space for
eight more patients today
when the Bill Dukes family
moved out.
Yesterday. Mr.. and Mrs.
Dukes took eight Of their 10
children to the hospital to have
their tonsils removed.
For nearly two hours the
path to and from the operating
room "resembled an assembly
line" nurses said.
Evening star., 1954-01-03
Blood for Cigarettes

AUBURN. N. Y, R.-About
225 Auburn State Prison convicts
got extra cigarettes for New
Years by contributing to the
local blood bank.
The Red Cross swapped them
q pack a pint.
Evening star., 1954-01-03

him $105 and other gifts. He
was born In Bowling Green, KY,
the son of slaves on a wealthy
physicians plantation. He has
lived in Chicago so years and is
q former cabinet maker.