davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-05-03
Allies Must Draw the Line
Asian UItimotum Seen Only Way Out Of Situation
Which Finds France and Britain in Mood to Appeose
David lawrence

GENEVA, May 3.-Interna-
.tional conferences have their
ups and downs, and this is one
of those stages in which things
are decidedly down. Sometimes
it looks as if the entire West
ern alliance is Just a myth and
as if the Communists are rid
ing high to bigger and bigger
propaganda victories.
This comes about because
one sees here the transparent
weaknesses of both France and
Britain. who shy away from
even the mildest proposals for
collective action and collective
security in Asia and reveal an
awe Of, if not d SublniSsiveneSs
to, Moscow's der mands. 1t
makes one wonder how long
Uncle Sam can keep on. pour
ing billions into the Golfers OF
allies who, with the best mten-
tions in the world feel helpless
with their own public opinion
to stand up in the ct,nches.
AS one surveys Eul ope and
Asia to find the reai allies of
the United States today, it
looks as if Spain-which has
granted us air baseS-will not
Quibble about our right to
throw an atom bomb back at
Russia if we are attacked. It
looks as if Turkey, with her
excellent army, will stand firm.
1t also looks in Asia as if we
could depend upon the really
powerful army of South Korea
and the armies of Pakistan,
the Philippines and Japan
when a crisis comes.
But as for France and Bri-
tain, they have apparently
gone isolationist and seem un-
concerned about the possible
loss Of Southeast Asia to the
Communists and would make a
deal tomorrow with Moscow if
they could do so gracefully and
without too much offense to
America. Prime Minister
Churchill's latest speech, too.
indicates he is willing to make
a deal in Europe with Soviet
Russia. It is significant that,
for the first time in all his
utterances, he wishes "hap-
piness and ever-increasing and
ever-expanding prosperity" to
the Soviet government as we'll
as the Soviet people and wants
to see them both play proud
and splendid part in the guild
ance of the human race"
This is the first time since
1945 that any Western states
man has had such flattering
words for the murderers in the
Kremlin who are responsible
Evening star., 1954-05-03
Constontine Brown
Hoiphong Promised Red China?
Secret Agreement Reported With Indo-Chino
To Give Reds Naval Base to Defend Hunun

Confidential reports from
London, where political and
military intelligence gathering
is still superior to our own,
say that a secret agreement
has been signed between the
Peiping regime and Ho Chi
Mimi. the Communist puppet
Of Indo-C China.
This agreement repeatedly
provides that as soon as the
French have been elected from
1ndo-China, the port of Hal
phong in the Gulf of Tonkin
will be surrendered to the Chi
nese in the same manner as
Dairen was handed over by the
Chinese Communists to the
MuscoviteS.
1t will serve as the main
Naval base, because of the al
ready available installations,
for the Chinese and Soviet
forces which will unquestion-
ably appear in the South
China Sea if the Geneva con-
ference turns out to be sue
cess from the Communist point
of view.
It was at Haiphong that Ho
Chi Mimi, fresh from Moscow
in 1929, organized the Indo-
Chinese Communist Party by
uniting various nationalist
groups in Wet Nam. Until that
time the capital" of the Indo-
Chinese Communists and anti
French nationalists, who had
joined the Communist move
ment for their own purposes,
was in Hong Kong.
The reported agreement has
created some uncomfortable
feeling in military quarters.
At this time, as far as is
known, there are no Red sub
marine bases worthy of that
name in the Pacific south of
Port Arthur. There are re-
Evening star., 1954-05-03
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

The perfect to end the hearings is to
let Pvt Schne resign from the Armyand
years in the Marine Corps.
Joseph WEIGH Army counsel in the Mccarthy hearings
sold himself thoroughly the TV danger
OF being expelled from several old Boston being trade
democrat Aveeu Hartman that
mind has harmed the Government service
the Democrats They used to tell just what they think
ng-so the whole country could share confusion
top Eisenhower adviser with the Repbi-
Party to think Joe Mccarthy was lust
agrarian reformer - '
More officials fired Federal Housing Adminsra
ton scandals No wonder the become SO popular
recenty-lt eliminates the FILA cond-story man.
Ihe Russian Embassy confused by the Mccarthy hearings
They can't understand why the bohers to listen
the confessions CT who haven't even ben shot
yet. ~ ~ '
Secretary Dulles and Russas Mootov confer on 1ke atom
pooling plan This fellow Dulles danger of becomno
security risk Every time around he's talking to some
' 49, -e w 0o"'0
Evening star., 1954-05-03
Doris FLeeson-
They're Calm, But Critical
Mccarthy and lndo-Chno Don't Excite Hoosiers
He's Losing Defenders and the Midwest Isn't Reodyto Fioht

and that it is devoted, even
fanatical, while there is here as
elsewhere a veteran group of
ants. But the great majority
in-between seems to be queS-
tioning why so much time is
being spent on the inquiry into
Private Schine's Army career.
At a rather large party,
there was not one defender of
the Senator from Wisconsin,
not even along the line that
though his methods were
dubious, his goals were dandy.
In the election year of 1852,
this was unheard-of.
Republicans, of course, per-
ceive that, the present show in
the Senate caucus room is not
doing the party any good since
the issue is between Republi-
cans and tests the honesty of a
Republican administrator as
against a Republican Senator.
Regarding do-China, the
question most often asked is
why Vice President Nixon
spoke to the editors as he did,
declaring we should if need be
fight to hold that besieged
country for the West. Plainly
the country was not ready for
anything so drastic and the
present Dulles withdrawal at
Geneva was necessary as the
congressional mail had indi-
Gated.
But though question marks
are being put after the names
of the Vice President and Sec
retary Dulles, President Eisen-
hover continues to enjoy a
Evening star., 1954-05-03

Then, out of a clear sky and
without advance warning to
the delegation here. President
Eisenhower discussed at his
press conference the idea of
partition in principle. 1t was
promptly seized upon here as
meaning a repudiation of what
Secretary Dulles was trying to
do.
Actually there wasn't much
difference between what the
President said and what the
Secretary was trying to ac-
complish as an ultimate OBJ
jective-namely, to achieve a
"modus vivendi" in a military
sense-but the European press
distorted it into an Eisen-
hover willingness to accept a
surrender of Southeast Asia.
1t would be much better if the
White House made no COM
ments at all in these delicate
situations while a conference
of such Importance is in prog
ress. as even the most inno-
cent words are rniSinterpreted
deliberately by. the anti-Amer-
lean press in Europe.
The cause is by no means
lost here, however, and it is a
good thing Secretary Dulles
has decided to go back to
Washington for a brief inter-
val. because American public
opinion needs to be informed
on exactly what the issues are
here and members of Congress
need to be told how some of
them have been inadvertently
weakening the hand of their
own delegation in Geneva. For,
whether it is called "parti-
ton" or a truce line" the inn
portant thing is for the allies
to be able to say that they will
defend such a line and that
any transgression across that
line will mean war, just the
same as any aggressive action
across the line drawn in Eu-
rope and across the 38th par
allel in Korea today means
war. For it's the only way out
Ito draw a line in Asia as
well as in Europe and tell the
Communists to stay behind it
under penalty of massive re-
taliation.
But what if our European
allies do not go along and
want to continue to appease
the Communists? Then comes
the "agonizing reappraisal" of
American aid to Europe of
which Secretary Dulles spoke
several months ago. Maybe
the time to make the reap
praisal is nearer than most
Europeans think.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1954-05-03
Dorothy Thompson
Russia Doesn't Want War
Moenkov Believed Sincere in Opposing Open Conflict
As Meons Of Establishing Worldwide Communism

strategies, and policies - as
they actually have done in
some previous periods of his
tory. In his recent speech be-
fore the Supreme Soviet he
stated fatty that nothing
would result from another
great war except the destruc-
ton of civilization and hu-
manity.
It is silly to assume that
everything said by a Commu-
mist leader is mendacious or
"only for propaganda" Time
and again Fascist and Com
munist leaders have openly
exposed their attitudes and
intentions and their words
were subsequently sustained by
a their actions. The test can only
be an acute analysis Of the
situation of the country whose
spokesmen articulate policies.
It Is clear from known in
ternal events in Russia and
from the contents of the Soviet
press that Russian leaders are
perplexed by many problems
national minorities, a great
agricultural crisis, discomfort
among workers, and even
among the new burgeoisie, the
only profiteers of the system.
The regime. like all regimes,
wants to be as popular as its
basic premises make possible.
1t plainly cannot halfway sat-
isfy the growing demand for
increased material benefits and
prepare for full-scale war or
even make itself the arsenal
for Red China in an expanded
war of indefinite duration.
There are also no signs of the
whooping up of an offensive
war spirit in Russia, Malen-
kov promising only massive
retaliation" in case the Soviets
are atomically attacked.
The Soviet Union has no di-
rect Russian interest in South
Korea or Indo-China. Those
are China's affairs. And the
theory that Russia, because
of Marxism-Le -Leninism- -Stalin-
ism, desires to see the expan-
sion of Red China to the point
where it dominates all Asia
simply will not stand analysis,
assuming that RuSsia'S lead
ers have brains, as they cer-
tainly do.
Evening star., 1954-05-03

Russia's obvious interest 10
to have checks and balances
in Asia against the rising pow
er of her potentially enor-
mously powerful Eastern neigh
Dor: To have a friendly"
China on her frontiers, but
not a China that controls Asia
and overshadows half of the
Soviet Union itself. w.
Therefore. there is at least
a reasonable chance that a
tolerable settlement might be
made if the negotiators do not
go out on a limb by making
speeches designed, not for di-
plomacy, but for publicity.
But this demands, and for
Mr.. Dulles especially. a con-
siderable degree Of freedom of
action. However. as one watches
day by day the grueling of Mr..
Stevens. one wonders whether
Mr.. Dulles may not come next
on the line. The greatest dam
ger of what has come to be
called McCarthyism is not that
1t promises concentration
camps in America, but that
the spirit makes peace difficult
If not impossible.
If or when hydrogen bombs
rain on American cities, the
population of this country will
hardly be interested in con-
flicting "ideologies." The dead
are not Communists, capital
lists, or Democrats. Great in
duStries reduced to rubble are
neither publicly nor privately
owned. And the liberty of the
individual, greatly restricted
in all wars, will be obliterated
and on all sides in another
great war.
This is not the age of Marx.
1t is the age of Einstein. And
If the Communists discover
this before we do, and act
upon it, it will be just too bad
for "the lead" Of Western civ
ilization.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate. Inc
Evening star., 1954-05-03

could be let and work begin,
the Representative said. Ac-
cordingly he introduced a bill
to appropriate $1O,37O,OOO to
be set aside and kept available
for five years for use as a loan
to the two irrigation districts
and to be repaid, without in
tereSt. after all bonds issued
by the two districts are amor
tized.
Il told President Eisenhower
about my bill, and it pleased
him very much" Mr.. johnson
said. HE was surprised that
our people were willing to bond
themselves for so much"
The idea spread. A number
of other bills were introduced
to apply the Tudor-Johnson
formula to other projects in
the West, including measures
by Representative Engle, Re-
publican, Of California. and
California Republican Senators
Knowland and Kuchel to apply
the formula to construction of
distribution systems in the
Central Valley project.
In view of the wide interest,
Representative Miller, Repub-
lican, of Nebraska, Interior
Committee chairman, intro
duced a bill for general appli-
cation of the formula which,
however, included preference
to municipalities and co-opera-
tives in sale of power. However,
Secretary Mckay. in the draft
bill that he sent to Chairman
Miller as a substitute, omitted
this preference which has been
written into our law for years
and which the private power
interests have been trying to
destroy. In his comment on the
Mckay draft, Acting Budget
Director Rowland Hughes said:
1T is noted also that no
specific mention is made of
acreage limitation or the pref
erence clause in the sale of
power. 1t is our understanding
that the absence of such pro-
visions would be interpreted
by the Department of the In
terror as not requiring such
restrictions in loan contracts"
He understands correctly.
That's the trick.
Evening star., 1954-05-03

ported facilities at Tsingtao
and Shanghai.
Should the Geneva confer
ence result IN an actual sur
render of Indo-China to the
Communists, regardless of the
form in which it is made,
there seems to be no reason
to doubt that we shall see
Russian submarines firmly es-
tablished at Haiphong.
From there the undersea
craft supported by surface yes
sells could prevent the Nation
aliSt Chinese forces in For
mosa from attempting a coup
against the important island
of Hainan which is now occu-
pied by the Communists. They
could also severely handicap
any Nationalist efforts to land
on the Asiatic mainland and
would be of real help in as
sisting the Chinese Commu-
nistS to invade FormoSa.
GeneraliSsimo Chang Kali
shek has been preparing his
forces tor operations in south
ern China for several months.
He could undertake such a
partial invasion with his own
troops but must have logistic
naval and air support from
the United States. Although
this plan would have frus-
trated the plans of the Reds
in regard to Indo-C China, we
refused to give the Nation
alist leader the green light
because of the determined
opposition from London and
Paris.
According to reports circu-
lated in reliable quarters in
Washington, the British gov
ernment was thrown into an
uproar when we first broached
that matter very gently by
mere hints. We were warned
that such a policy was sheer
Evening star., 1954-05-03

folly which unquestionably
. would bring about World War
III. And we would have to
suffer its consequences with
out counting on any British
help.
Chang was subsequently
told to forget about it" for
the time being at least.
But the possibility of a Ma
tionaliSt landing in Southern
China has not yet been COM
pletely eliminated, even
though it's originate principal
purpoSe-to create a diversion
which would compel the Red
high command to withdraw its
combat forces from the Indo-
Chinese borders may no
longer be necessary.
Despite the superficial fiuc-
uations in our Asiatic policies,
the fundamental principle Of
not yielding East Asia to- the
Reds and maintaining free in
dependent nations in the West
ern Pacific is unchanged. The
method of achieving this OBJ
jective is subject to certain
vagarieS because we desire to
present common front--in-
cluding all our allies-to the
Red menace.
But if events should unfor-
tunately prove that this was
not possible. there are plans
available whereby we might be
able to use whatever loyal sup
port we could find among the
nations Of the Western Pa
cific. And the % combat divi-
sions in Formosa which have
been equipped and trained by
the United States are among
the availabilities we could
, count on, should a showdown
with the Reds become neces-
sary for the sake of our own
security and that Of our Asian
friends.
Evening star., 1954-05-03

charmed political life. He is
given, the benefit of every
doubt and his power to lead
has apparently not diminished.
Not quite as many people like
Ike" with the warm, tincritical
admiration they gave the NOM
inee, but even here there is a
tendency to admit he suffers
from too much of a build-up.
What this means in political
terms is that Congress will get
the blame when blame is as
signed as it may be next fall.
Members of the House and
Senate are already acutely
aware of this fact. They can
be expected increasingly to vote
their local conditions-a trend
which will do little to put
across the Eisenhower program.
Majority Leader Knowland
denies that the Mccarthy
Army show Is impeding that
program and he can make a
good case for his statement. It
contradicts the public impress
sion, however, for another
common question is: When will
Congress get down to business?
Experience here suggests an
other possibility which is that
the Brownell strategy for the
1854 election of putting the
Harry Dexter White and may
be similar shows on the road
will be successful only with the
hardened partisans who have
already caught the G.. o. P.
train. 1t could we'll be a cas-
ualty Of the present general
boredom.
Evening star., 1954-05-03

ing story, related by Repre-
sentative Leroy Johnson, Re-
publican, involves multi
purpose project in his district,
the Tri-Dem project on the
Stanislaus River. This irri-
cation, hydroelectric power and
flood control project was initi-
ated jointly by two irrigation
districts which Mr.. johnson
explained, had voted 9 to / and
6 to /. respectively. in a refer
eEdum to issue bonds to
finance the $47,647,00O ven-
ture. The irrigation districts,
Oakdale and San Joaquin,
made contracts that provided
for delivery of all the power
produced to the Pacific Gas
and Electric Co. wholesale for
distribution with no prefer
ence for municipalities and
co-operatives.
Then a hitch occurred. This,
Mr.. Johnson explained, was
when Treasury Secretary
Humphrey raised interest rates
last year and the irrigation
districts found this would
make money for their enter
prise too expensive. So they
could not let contracts for the
project.
Then" he said, I'VE got in
touch with the Interior De-
partment and Undersecretary
Tudor said he would be inter-
ested in helping such local
groups as ours"
Mr.. Tudor suggested q Gov
ernment loan 30 that contracts
Evening star., 1954-05-03

The Eisenhower administra-
ton seems finally to have
evolved a formula for a part
nership" among Federal and
local Government and private
enterprise to utilize water re-
sources for electric power and
reclamation.
This new formula. which has
been kept quiet, is agitating
proponents Of public power
and federally-regulated recla-
nation development, as we'll as
conServationiStS. For it would
make it possible for private
utilities to acquire monopolies
on still available power sites
and big land interests to &C
quire vast acreage to the detri-
ment of the so-called family
size" farm ideal.
In the electric power field,
the new formula represents a
positive step contraSted with
the negative course thus far
pursued by the administration
which also has been deplored
by public power advocates and
conServationiStS. They have
complained and protested that
the administration has crippled
public power by withholding
funds, has failed to initiate
any great new projects. and
generally has favored the pri-
vate power interests at the ex-
pense Of the public.
The new formula. which is
embodied in a draft bill sub
mitted by Secretary of Interior
Mckay to the House Interior
Evening star., 1954-05-03

for 100000 American casual
ties and who have committed
fragrant acts of aggression in
both Asia and Europe. This
Churchill speech sounds more
like Chamberlain at Munich in
1888 than the expression of a
resolute or formidable unity
among the Western allies in
1854.
What is most disconcerting
here is the way Anthony Eden
ran out last week on his pledge
made to Secretary Dulles in
London before the Geneva con-
clave began. At that time, it
was understood that Great
Britain would support "a
Southeastern Asia collective
pact like NATO. Nobody asked
Britain to announce any mill
tary commitments at this time.
In fact. the French appeal for
immediate military aid in
o-China had been turned
down by both Britain and the
United States as not the right
step to take at the moment.
since Britain and America
alone could not hope to get the
support of Asian peoples by
such a move. What America
sought was a permanent set
up like that in Europe. Sec
retary Dulles asked in vain
that the British send a repre-
sentative to Washington to
explore the possibility of set
ting up a standing committee
of governments for a Southeast
Asia alliance, similar to the one
established for the Korean sit
uation and for NATO. This
was a powerful countermove
and it worried the Communists,
so they got busy and stirred up
Nehru of India, who in turn
stirred up some of his satellites
in a suddenly convened con-
ference at Ceylon. There only
Pakistan stood up against his
efforts to torpedo the Dulles
plan.
But it was London's turn
about which caused the most
commotion here. and it seemed
as if the British government
were more anxious not to
offend Nehru than the United
States.
Meanwhile, French Foreign
Minister Bidault has tried
valiantly to keep the situation
fluid so his cabinet would not
be overthroWn in the midst of
negotiations here. He has
struggled to put forth some
kind of plan for the partition
of 1ndo-China. To the Amer
ican delegation. the word par
tition" has been anathema.
Evening star., 1954-05-03

A careful analysis of the
world political circumstances
under which the Geneva Con-
ference is meeting, and on the
basis of, evidence available to
this columnist, is that while
the Soviet Union, as in Berlin,
is not prepared to retreat from
any position it presently holds,
its leaders are extremely anxi-
GUS to avoid war or being in
volved in war, and that there
is, indeed, no conceivable war
that would benefit any spe-
cifically Russian interest.
Stalin's theories of war. as
an instrument for the spread
Of communism to eventual
world triumph are not Malen-
kov's. Stalin's view was that
World War I produced COM
munism in Russia: World War
II established communism in
Eastern Europe and China;
and World War III would es-
tablish it throughout the globe.
Stain, however, showed little
concern about the A-bombs
beyond saying that no war
could be won by them. Today
they belong almost in the
ca egory of conventional
weapons" and Stain died be-
fore atomic artillery and the
H-bomb had been perfected,
with even worse weapons an
ticipated.
Malenkov has testified to the
realization that the develop
ment of new weapons of war
must influence previous ideas,
Evening star., 1954-05-03
Doris FIeeson-

EVANSVILLE, Ind, May 81
The Indo- China fiasco and the
Mccarthy Army hearings
seem to have come as a pain
full jolt to the HooSier State
which enjoys a considerable
reputation for individuality
and political shrewdness.
This is the kind of thing,
they imply. that wasn't going
to happen when President
Eisenhower took over. What
they are looking for is order
and good sense; they are
anxious for some assurances
that the present fog soon will
lift.
On a brief sortie the Wash
ington visitor of course can get
only impressions and not de-
tailed record but one at least
is absolutely clear-cut.
It Is that while the goingS-
on in Washington have q GER
tain horrid fascination which
is keeping a growing number of
housewives away from the
washing machine and glued to
the magic lantern of TV, the
verdict is critical and often
disguised. Taking Indiana as
a sample, which it certainly is,
of the Midwest. vast numbers
of people are not nearly as
perturbed and excited as the
Capital is over Senator Nc
Carthy either as Red-hunter
or Schine-defender, and over
the war in Indo-China.
People tell you that Senator
Mccarthy still has his public
Evening star., 1954-05-03

development of Russian as a
second language, the exchange
of cultural representatives such
as singers and dancers, the i'm
pact of propaganda and various
common. Communist interests
which China shares with Russia
all add up to the fact that what
is now happening is "the Stall
imitation" of China.