davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1954-07-22

test, run over the snoW-coVered
street of Chicago on Thanksgiv-
ing Day in 1895, and the follow
ing year three of the four Duryea
entries took all the money in the
New York-Irvington race.
1900 Real Start
The first automotive trade
journal, "The Horseless Age"
was launched with a good deal of
temerity by E. p. Ingersoll in
1895, but the industry was to re-
main largely in the experimental
stage until the close of the CEN
fury. The next decade saw phe-
nomenal advances in the art of
road transportation. Twelve
manufacturing firms in 1900
turned out 4,192 vehicles; by
1910 there were sixty-nine COM
panies in the field and their an
nual production had leaped to
$4,000. This whole decade was
marked by tremendous enthus-
iasm and intense activity: Auto
mobile clubs were formed; a doz-
en- or more reliability runs were
staged each year; a craze for
speed contests of all kinds sprang
up on both sides of the Atlantic
climaxed by the fantastic race
around the world from New York
to Paris in 1908; strenuous cam.
paigns for construction of good
roads were undertaken; legisla-
tors puzzled and wrangled over
laws to govern the new form of
transportation; eXtrava CANT
claims for their products were
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1954-07-22
prepared for the Dictionary
of American History

The automobile was not invent
ed by any one person but was
evolved through the efforts of
many eXperimenters in several
nations. So early as 1887 Oliver
Evans, of Philadelphia, petition
ed the Maryland legislature for a
patent on the manufacture and
operation of steam-propelled We
hicles, and in 1904 he ran through
the streets of Philadelphia a
strange vehicle consisting of a
large wagon which carried, and
was driven by, a steam-propelled
flatboat. However, largely be-
cause of the atrocious roads of
the period and because of con-
centration on railroad develop
ment, little progress was made
in this country until almost the
close of the Nineteenth Century
and automotive development got
its real start abroad.
Steam Coaches First
In the 1905 steam-driven stage
coaches-ponderous, clumsy and
rough-were operating on regu-
lar schedules along several routes
in England but eventually they
were driven from the road by ex.
cessive toll charges and restrict
i've legislation. Most of the real
progress was made in Germany;
in 1876 DR.. A. N. Otto built a
four-cycle internal combustion
hydrocarbon motor, the same in
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1954-07-22

the companies gave rise to many
promotional ventures, ba q
largely on hopes and extravagant
claims, and a number of com
panies capitalized at many mil
lions of dollars sprang into the
picture only to crash and disap-
pear almost Immediately. OF all
the large promotions, only two
persisted for any appreciable
length of time, and one of these
the Electric Vehicle Company
was sustained for some years by
its ownership of the Selden pat
ent.
Wage Court Battle
This patent was the storm CEN
ter of court battle that dragged
on in the courts for eight years
and was a vital factor in influence
ing the early development of the
automobile industry. In 1879,
George B. Seldom, of Rochester,
N. Y, filed application for a pat
ent on a gasoline-propelled We
hicle, but purposely kept the mat
ter pending so that the patent
was not granted until 1895.
1t eventually came into the pos
session of the Electric Vehicle
Company which Immediately be-
gan infringement proceedings.
After one legal setback, prac-
tically all the major manufacture
ers, with the exception of Ford,
capitulated, forming themselves
into the Association of Licensed
Automobile Manufacturers. At
length, the appeals court ruled
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1954-07-22

tween September, 1899, and Oc-
tober, 1915, totaled $30,000,000,.
900, with aircraft comprising 80
percent of the output.
Production of motor vehicles
was resumed in October, 1915,
and although hampered by ma.
terials shortages, and strikes in
virtually all segments of the in
dustry, approximately 100000
units were produced by the end of
1913. Output for 1913 fell short
OF the 1929 all-time high-5,35S,
120 by only a few thousand We
hiclcs. During the latter part of
the year, the 100 millionth We
hiclc was produced.
Registration at the end Of 1850
reached total Of 43,4S4 900 units,
including 39,710,000 passenger
cars. Roughly 50 percent of all
automobiles and over 81 percent
Of the trucks in use in the world
we're registered in the United
States, equivalent to one vehicle
for each 35 epsons living in
this country.
Changes America
This tremendous motoriZation
has profoundly affected many
phases Of American life. It has
driven the horse from the high
way wrecking the S50,0O0,000
carriage.and.buggy building in
dustry in the process. 1t has
Continued on Page 81
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1954-07-22

made by the makers in screaming
advertisements; and controversy
between car owners and horse
owners reached a furious cres-
cendo.
Shiestring Start
Most of the firms started dur
ing this period operated on little
more than a shoestring, using
credit advanced by the supply
companies, demanding advance
payments and cash on delivery
from dealers, and financing cx-
pansion through re-investment of
profits. The Ford Motor Com
pany started business with a
capital of $4,000; the Hudson
Motor Company, with Consider
ably less than that" Very little
actual manufacturing was done
by these early companies; rather
their job was to buy the parts
ready.made, assemble them, and
sell the resultant vehicles as
quickly as possible, Mortality
among the automobile firms was
very high; Of the sixtynine com.
panies making cars in 1910, only
eight still survived in 1850 -
Packard started in 1900; Ford
and Cadillac in 1903; Studebaker
and Buick in 1904; Willys-Over.
land in 1903; and General Motors
and Hudson in 1909.
Naturally enough, the tremend.
Gus profits realized by a few of
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1954-07-22

that, while the patent was valid,
it was not being infringed, and
therefore not enforceable. The
principal effect of the Selden pat.
cnt was to teach the manufactur.
crs the value Of cooperation and
to give them a healthy fear of
patent litigation, thus laying the
groundwork for the cross licenS.
ing agreement that has kept the
automobile industry almost free
Of the patent difficulties which
have plagued so many other lines
of enterprise.
20 Firms Fail
In 1901, the industry expcr-
fenced a temporary setback;
twenty firms dropped out of exist
ence and the curve of Production
increase Stacked off considerably.
Almost Immediately, however
the automobile makers began i'm
proving production methods;
mass.production techniques were
perfected, phenomenal reductions
were made in the man.hours of
labor per car, and prices were
slashed. Automobile purchasing
again shot upward and by 1920
there were eiRhty.fOur firms en-.
gagged in automobile production
making in that year 100000 cars
valued at Sl.809,000,O00. During
this period, American makers Oh.
tanned dominance of the world
markets, exports of passenger
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1954-07-22

principle as those used in motor
vehicles today; in 1885 Gottfried
Daimler built the first motor
cycle, and also in 1885 Carl Benz
built the first automobile power.
ed by a gasoline engine. The
French quickly took up their
ideas and by 1895 the French
firm of Panhard e. Lavassor was
producing horseless vehicles on
a commercial scale.
Meanwhile, activity in America
was practically dormant, with
most of the experimentation dur
ing the period being concentrat.
ed on heavy steam-propelled
traction engines. After 1890, how.
ever, American pioneers began
working in homes and work.
shops, borrowing heavily on the
ideas Of their European col.
leagues, and by 1900 they had
laid the basis for new industry.
Authorities differ over the some.
what empty question as to which
Of the U. S. experimenters de.
serves precedence, but the weight
Of evidence places Charles and
Frank Duryea first, in 1892; Hen.
ny Ford second, in 1893; ElWood
Haynes in 1894; with r. r.. Odds,
Alexander Winton and Charles
p. King following closely. AT any
rate, the Duryea road wagon won
the first road race held in this
countryside Times.Herald con.
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23

Bennett enjoyed the covered dish
supper with the New Market WSCS
at Trappe Pond on Thursday.
Mrs. Nancy Jones of Milton is
spending a few days with her
daughter, Mrs. Hubbard Argo and
Mr. Argo.
The 4-H Club organized new OFF,
GERS az their monthly meeting re-
Gently Miss Jane Lee JEFFERSON
was elected president.
Miss Lima Clifton attended the
Homemakers Unit Sessions as
Delaware representative to the
North Atlantic Regional Training
Conference of the Future Home
makers Of America in the Univer-
sity Of New Hampshire, Durham,
N. H., recently.
Mrs. James Goodwill, adviser to
the Harrington Chapter, accompan-
led the Delaware group. They en-
joyed the eight days they were
away in the New England States.
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23
SLAUGHTER NECK
mrs. Margaret e. Bennett
Phone Milton 1888


The Sunday School session viii
be held az 200 .. m. on Sunday.
July 26. v. II Carey, superinten-
dent
The family Of Edgar III. Bennett
has the deepest sympathy sOf this
community in the loss of their de-
voted wife and mother, Mrs. Ella
Carey Bennett, who passed away
at her home on Friday. Funeral
services were held on Tuesday af-
ternOon at Slaughter Neck Church
with interment ia the adjoining
cemetery. She will be greatly
missed by her family and friends.
Mrs. Charles Weischedel enter
tanned the Home Demonstration
Club on Thursday Of this week in
stead Of she regular meeting date
Of Tuesday afternoon.
weekend guests Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Wilbur Davis were their son and
wife, Mr. and Mrs Joe Russell Da-
Wis and Mr.. and Mrs. William Der
rickson Of Wilmington.
Guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Weischedel from Friday until Sun
day were Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond
Iruesdale and son and Mrs. Marie
HOrner of Philadelphia.
Mr.. and Mrs George Backman
and daughter Vicki Of Providence.
r. i, and Mrs. Logan Wynn of
Cambridge, Nd, spent several DAYS
last week with Miss Harriet VIII
son and mother, Mrs. Thomaa r.
Wilson on Fairfield Farm.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carlton Clifton and
Mrs. Helen Collins were dinner
guests Of Mrs. Horace Hudson and
family at ROxana on Sunday.
Mrs. Dorothy Veasey Of George
town visited her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Wilkins and family on
Sunday.
Cleve Reed Of Camden, N J.'
visited Mr. and Mrs. George Fisher
on Slaughter Beach Road on Mon
day.
Mr. and Mrs. Horace E. Short
and children Of Wyoming were the
guests Of their parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Chester Short on Sunday af-
ternoon.
Mr. and Mrs Howard Isaacs are
entertaining relatives from Pitts
bugh, Pa, at their cottage on
Prime Hook Beach.
Mr.. and Mrs. Donald Isaacs and
son Nichols Of Milford visited their
grandmother, Mrs. Mary Isaacs at
Waples Pond on Saturday after
noon
Mr. and Mrs. George Fisher. Mr.. |
and Mrs. Harry Prettyman, Mrs.
Mary Isaacs and Mrs. Margaret
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23

cent above those Of 1852.
LP-Gas, also known as butane,
propane, bottled and tank gas in
various sections Of the nation, is
used primarily in farm, small town
and suburban areas, but is also a
popular fuel in many cities. Well
over half Of last years consump-
ton was for such household appli-
cations as cooking, house heating.
water heating, refrigeration, clothes
drying and ineineration. Heating. is
the biggest volume user of the fuel.
but the gas range ranks numerical
" as the No. / appliance in homes
equipped for LP-Gas service.
An estimated 100000 ranges and
zS5,O00 automatic water heaters
were shipped by manufacturers in
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23
UIFTON'S CORNER
Near LeWes)

MIR. and Mrs William w. Clifton
and granddaughter. Dorothy L.
Massey, also Mr.. and Mrs. William
Baker and two children, Virginia
and Bobby, spent part Of Sunday
with Mr.. and Mrs. H. Carlton Cliff
ton and son jeffrey at Berlin, Nd.
Miss Dorothy Massey spent Nom
day with her mother, Mrs. Sarah
Dillon in Lewes.
Ar. aad Mrs. Emory King enter
tanned relatives over the weekend
Clarence Short, brother of Mrs.
Nellie Walls. is still in the hospi-
tai and not much change in his
condition. He has a heart condi-
ton.
Mary Clifton Of Dagsboro, grand
daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. William
W. Clifton, was taken to the Della
ware Hospital at Wilmington last
Thursday, July 10. She went for
a lung operation. Everyone wishes
Mary a speedy recovery.
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23
Is AER REcIPE

SAN DIEGO, Calif.-(R)-A con-
testant IN the Miss San Diego beau
" contest was munching on some
marshmallows TO settle the but
terhies3 in her tummy during a
tryout.
Several rivals who knew her last
name dubbed her "MarshmallOwp
name she's likely not to forget
MarshmallOw's last name: Top-
ping.
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23
Gas Sales Increase
Greatly According
To Claude Cahall

Annual sales Of the lieuefied pc
troleum gas industry have increas-
ed sevenfold in the part ten years,
c. N. Cahall, Of Cahall's Gas Serv-
ice Co., Harrington, Del LP-Gas
dealer. announced today.
Citing national figares released
by the LP-Gas InfOrnaticn Service,
Chicago, Cahall said the number
of gallons marketed had skyrock-
eted from 675,233, 900 in 1943 to an
estimated 4,92O,OO0,O0O last year.
Sales in 1853 were about 10 per
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23

1853 for use by LP-Gas customers
Cahall asserted Output Of LP-G Gas
door, space and wall type heating
equipment numbered upwards Of
100000 units.
Keeping pace with industry
growth, Cahall reported that ca
halls Gas Service Co. experienced
an increase Of 2Oao IN total gal
lonage last year. He expects an
other sharp increase in 1854.
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23
Twenty Years Ago

Mr.. and Mrs. j. M. Bennett
OF Millsboro, have returned
from an automobile trip that
took them as far south as Flori-
da and Texas and for a visit
with Mr.. BENEFITS mother in
West Virginia.
Milford chronicle., 1954-07-23

Electric locomotives first appear
ed on D. s. mainline tracks in 1895.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1954-03-12
WASHINGTON


WASHINGTON
United States consular officers FequF
ing Jews seeking visss TO identify themselves Hebrews
despite the ft that such irv into religion violates pub
lish~d State Densrtr1ent regulations.
Members of Protestant and Catholic faiths who happen
Ito be white identified only members of the white
without any indication of their religion But Jews listed
under Article Sixteen Visa Form F257 under the heading
# race Hebrew rather than white in point
the issuance of in Tel Avv during February by Mar
garet L. Allen American vceconsul Nationality of the
pcant correctly described Israeli but the word HE
brew" typed in to meet with the racial requirement.
The applicant considered himself TO hA hite citizen
# Israel and bv re~ion Tow IT d'ffc+ fer hi
the that he be designated racaY
la Hebrew rather than a member Of the white
The u S. Embassy Israel and American consular Off
lca elsewhere who seek to label Jews violating State
Department regulations It is clearly stated in Section 43OA
Title o. Code of Federal Regulations that he requirement
in his application his and ethnic classification does not
pertain to his religion"
An official declaration made bv the Visa Division
lon AUGUST g. 1882 which catNoricav maintained that
visa applicants not required idefv themselves
Jews Later Edsrd Manev the Visa Division chief
said 1t will be left TO each individual applicant state what
he considers TO be his ="
What the Visa Division failed to say, however, was
that the Jewish applicant did consider himself
Der of Hebrew" race, he might not get 1t
that he did not have to list himself racaly Jew but
neither did he have to get visa
Thus. after delay of several months arising from nor
nal McCarran Walter red tape. the visa applicant finds
himself confronted with succession that he dentifY himself
TO satisfy racist concept He has little alternative
CONTINUED Page 81
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1954-03-12

and guide
Before leaving for Israel knew that high spot
would be promised interview with Isaac Ben Zv the
second president of the Third Commonwealth We
newspaper editors invited by the Israel Government
to study conditions Israel to report them to read
Meeting the President and talking with him
given the feeling that here humility in its finest form
depicting modesy and grace of truly outstanding
When asked him what his most important aim Pres
dent he replied that he wanted make the minority people
in Israel feel happy and secure or thousands years.
sad 1--WE Jews throughout the world have lived minority
group in various lands; now we are suddenly majority
group in this tiny country and must set example of
iendness and fairness to all citizens that the truth
will be known that real democracy is not the rule of the
majority unless the rights and privileges OF the minority
are treasured and protected" really love that mani
Another personality which will live forever in the hearts
Of the people Of Israel is former Prime Minister David Ben
Guron We were on way meet him his home at Sdeh
Boxer in the Neev when learned at that the
in conjunction with the openn4 of the largest heater is
rse ssatind l20O end the dedication Of Song Of the
Necev beloved Ben Gurion It struck peculiar
trait the land that in ruqed the gate
the Ne0ev desert is built the Immense eiice for the
pronunciation of music and culture Mayor aud Mrs David
Tuvvahu of Beersheeba invited to the cocktail party for
the B. Gs Ben Gvron since his retirement tolls in the
home while his wife former BrooYne assists
in the community kitchen and infrmarv
$50 to Eath" Ben Guron told "for this southernmost
tip of the Negev the Red Sea is the Los Angeles of Israel
and the real frontier of country When he spoke to
he speaking to the Jews of America HoD develop the
pioneer spirit of people, he said asked him about the
counrys need for money and immigrants He ignored the
with Israeis in oil walks of life learned that the love and
esteem for Ben on uppermoS in the hearts of all the
could the people this feeling
respect for Moshe Share his successor although have
met him and hold high personal regard for him
There will be another IKE B. c." bus driver
said HE with in the front lines en thrn9h the War
for Liberation B. c. knew what he wanted aud he did
hng he could get it. The DeonIe had deep confidence in
him and appreciation for he shiv. He hn1s
dcnAT This the opinion of Eliahu Ishmael bus
driver who most Of the Tsrses active
cpant in the Elishu Is lon1-ds4snca swimmer who
this rIsns swim The lenoh Of lake THERE'S Swim.
MINI Ernsh Channel coals The near
future. Our bus driver SPOKE En1e Yjddsh and Heb-e
person met in Israel who resernbled Ben Gurion
tConinued Page 81
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1954-03-12

@243Il1i\
Southeastern Zionist Region
One Peachtree Building
Atlanta. Georgia

~AAS : SSAS4444 &c OA44SA44ASJ
Atlanta. Georgia
March 3, 1854
Editor, Southern Jewish Weekly
Jacksonville, Florida
Dear Major Moscovitz:
Those among us who raise such
hue and cry about the situation
of kosher and non-kosher food
served at Jewish organizationa-
public functions, are very often
prone to "let George do it" They
complain bitterly that in their
communities it is not possible to
provide kosher meals for gather
ings. The smaller communities
have somewhat of a legitimate
excuse. The larger communities
use all kinds of ''teritzim," that
vested interest stand in their way.
Perhaps these very proud peo-
pie should like to hear the story
of a two day conference being
planned in the city of Atlanta,
Georgia, where kashruth is not
available as it might be in such
places as New York, Chicago,
Philadelphia or Los Angeles.
Faced with the problem of serv-
ing two meals during ZOA Re-
gional meeting, one being fish,
the Saturday night banquet, de-
voted to Jewish National Fund
seemed very appropriate time
to serve a meat meal. Since all
of the sessions are to take place
at the Biltmore Hotel in Atlanta
the Regional Director of ZOA for
the Southeast, Helen R. Schnei,
der, contacted Mr.. John R. Rug
giles, the Catering Manager of the
Biltmore Hotel, and put him in
touch with one of Atlanta's kosh
er butchers; Ponce De Leor
Kosher Meat Market, owned by
Mr.. Nathan Maziar. With Mr.
Ruggles' wonderful desire to be
completely cooperative, koshe,
meat is to be served and no milk
products will be anywhere near
the Saturday night dinner. Mr.
Ruggles made an about effort to
go over every detail of the in
gradients to be used in the prepa-
rations of the meal, so that even
the shortening used in the potato
serving is completely vegetable.
The meal will be no more costly
than if the meat were non-kosher
The very observant Jew would
undoubtedly consider this meal to
be non-kosher, as much as the
''treyfa' meats. In any event, the
leadership of ZOA in the South
eastern Region, has made certain
that it has done all in its power
to ensure at least kosher food
served without the insult of butter
and non-kosher meat on the same
table.
The Biltmore hotel, had no par
ticular reason to go out of its
way. Atlanta being a convention
city, and the Biltmore being a
very popular spot, does not need
to cater to whims and fancies, to
build up business. The attitude
was simply one of cooperation in
Difference to a group that wants
to observe certain traditions.
For the readers information
the fish meal to be served at the
luncheon the following day will
NOT be shrimp or lobster.
Sol P. Benamy
Chairman, Public Relations,
Southeastern Region-ZOA
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1954-03-12

Last week devoted most Of my
material on Israel to the. general
panorama of the land. the hetero-
geneous origin Of the immigrants.
the mixed cultures. the economic
and sociological difficulties. and the
collective strength of the people be-
cause of their common history and
their indomitable will to survive and
TO meet every challenge. This week
I want to tell you more about the
people themselves-from the Presi-
dent of Israel with whom spent a
most delightful half hour. TO the bus
driver wko served as a companion
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1954-03-12
Capital Spotlight
BY MILTON FRIEDMAN

Copyright 1854, Jewish Te'e0raphic Agency, Inc)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-07
Chevy Chase Circle
Rezoning Hearing Sci

Hearing of a proposed Chevy
Chase Circle rezoning to permit
the Printing Industry Of Amer
lea, Inc. to build a headquarters
has been scheduled for March "a.
The executive committee, OF
the Chevy Chase Citizens Associ-
alton has Endorsed the proposed
rezoning. The full membership
of the group will be asked to
support the rezoning at a meet
ing March Is.
Printing Industry of America
is an association of $500 COM
mercial printing and Autograph
ing concerns Of the Nation. 1t
has been leasing Office space in
the National Savings and Trust
building at Fifteenth street and
New York avenue NV for the
past eight years.
A spokesman for the organiza-
ton said a 100000 Colonial
style building is planned for the
Chevy Chase Circle site. 1t will
be a brick building of one-and-
a-half or two-story construction.
he said.
The site is a vacant lot of
about $4,000 square feet at the
southwest portion of the circle
One of it's boundary streets is
Connecticut avenue. The lot Is
presently zoned for apartment
use.