davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-04-29
By.Thomos R. Henry

Earth wears a green and red
nightgown.
It varies with seasons and is
much heavier in winter than in
summer.
This was reported to the Ma
ttOnal Academy of Sciences here
yesterday by DR.. F. E. Roach of
the naval ordnance station at
Inyokern. Calf.
It is a diaphanous gown of
light-the afterglow. 1t is a
faint background glow in the
night sky, which can be distin-
guished from moonlight and
starlight. is obviously Of terres-
trial origin, rather than the re-
suit of some radiation from the
outer universe, and undergoes
considerable daily and seasonal
changes.
Observers now have estab-
lished, DR.. Roach said, that the
chief sources of this glow are
oxygen and sodium atoms ex-
cited in some way to emit radia-
ton. The glow has been observed
from Cactus Peak, Calf, near
the naval station, for the last
five years.
Intensifies at Midnight.
The principal light from the
oxygen atoms and molecules In
Evening star., 1954-04-29

observing stations for its study.
Efforts will be made to deter
mine If there Is any relationship
between it and the northern
and southern lights. whether it
varies in intensity with latitude,
and whether there is any notable
difference between northern and
southern hemispheres. Part of
this study may be carried on at
an observing station. which it is
proposed to set up at the South
Pole.
The academy devoted its clos
ing session to plans for the in
ternational geophysical year. to
start in July. 1857. and continue
to the end of 1858, in which
essentially all nations will CO.
operate in observations of such
phenomena as the aurora bore
ais. winds and movement Of
air masses in the upper atmos-
phere, and the like. This will
be q continuation, on q much
larger scale, of the international
pola years of 1882 and 1888.
To Gauge Changes.
It will attempt to determine,
with far greater accuracy than
ever has been possible before, the
size and shape of the earth and
to evaluate some momentous
changes that seem to be in prog
ress. Among these. according to
a paper presented by DR.. Joseph
Kaplan Of the University of Cali
fornia who is arranging the
American part Of the program.
is q temperature increase, which
started about 1900 and which. if
continued for another Is years.
will make the Arctic Ocean navi-
gable in summer. The melting of
Evening star., 1954-04-29
Earth Found to CIothe Itself
In Green and Red NIGHT Glow

the upper atmosphere is green
and becomes most intense near
the middle of the night. Another
oxygen light is red and has a
maximum of intensity at the
start Of darkness. This decreases
steadily until about midnight.
after which there is a slow in
crease throughout the night.
Observations at different sta
tions have shown that the varia-
tions follow local time, indicating
they are affected by the period
that has elapsed since the ra-
dating atoms were last energized
by the sun. The Aim Of light Is
apparently very high in the
earth's atmosphere.
The sodium light is about five
times as intense in winter as in
summer, while the green and
red radiations emitted by the
oxygen atoms show a peak in
winter. but vary more from day
to day.
Study Planned in 1857.
The nature Of the light. un-
detachable except with special
apparatus because it otherwise
Is drowned in the luminescence
Of the night sky, remains a myS-
terry. During 1857 the interna-
tional geophysical year. it is
planned to. set up q string Of
Evening star., 1954-04-29

glaciers, he said, is altering world
geography profoundly.
Sea level changes are another
important subject for investiga-
ton. Present observations indi-
cate that the mean falls about
six inches in the Northern Hemi-
sphere with the beginning of the
northern spring, with a parallel
change in the Southern Hemi-
sphere at the beginning of the
southern spring.
Rocket Explorations.
Among the proposals for geo.
magnetic observations will be a
magnetic observatory on Jarvis
Island. an American possession
approximately on the Equator in
the Pacific. An important aspect
Of the American program will be
rocket explorations of the upper
atmosphere.
During the year, 81 ascensions
Of "rockoonS"-rockets released
from balloons which will rise to
heights of more than go miles
are planned. There also will be
SO flights of airobees. rockets
fired from the ground. which will
reach attitudes of more than 100
miles. Many of these will be in
Greenland and Alaska. All will
be equipped with automatic re-
cording instruments.
Direct Atomic Battery.
Direct use of atomic energy in
a battery that will last a life
time seems eventually possible.
1t will be essentially the ther-
mocouple-most sensitive heat
measuring instrument known to
science-activated by radiation
Evening star., 1954-04-29
Candidates to Speak
At Montgomery Forum

Candidates for the Montgom-
cry County Council will speak
at a forum sponsored by the
Homewood Citizens Association
at $3.50 PM, Monday, at the
Homewood Community Center.
Each Of the 20 candidates will
be given two minutes to answer
the questions. What to you are
the most critical problems fac
ing the county? What solution
would you propose for one Of
than on
Evening star., 1954-04-29

! tectable only with delicate In
StrumentS.
The significant point. 1t was
explained, is that this current
will be perpetual until the source
OF the bombarding electrons Is
exhausted. When a minute bit
of radioactive strontium is used,
for example. it will be 20 years
before half Of it has become inert
and 40 years before it will be
three-fourths gone. Thus a
Strontium battery would be about
as good as ever for 40 years.
The power obtainable from a
single strontium thermocouple
cell always will be infinitesimal,
but there is always the possibil-
ity that great many such cells
can be combined in a battery.
Theoretical Importance.
This departure was described
by physicists attending the meet
ings as of very considerable
theoretical Importance, which
may reach practical Importance
later. In all discussions of the
use OF atomic energy in the past,
there has been one great draw
back. Radioactive materials such
as uranium are only fuels, like
coal, used to create heat and
create steam to create electric
ity. Thus they must compete
directly with coal or oil in price.
Here for the first time, on
however small a scale, is direct
use Of power in a battery, which
for all practical purposes, will
never go dead.
The battery apparently op-
crates on much the same prin-
ciple as the solar battery an
Evening star., 1954-04-29

built into q battery cell instead
Of by radiation from the out
i side.
The principle Of the thermo-
couple is that, when the juno
ton Of two metals of different
electric conducting powers
usually two pieces of wire-is
heated, a minute electric cur
rent is set up. BY this means,
for example, it is possible to
convert the suns heat directly
into electricity, although in far
too minute amounts to be of
any practical significance.
The same thing can be ac-
complished by bombardment of
such a junction by high energy
beta particles. or electrons, shot
out from a bit of radioactive
material built into the device.
Thus thermocouple and source
Of heat would form part Of the
same cell.
Experiments with this sort of
setup were described by Drs. w.
G. Pfann and w. van Roos-
brock of the Bell Telephone
Laboratories at the opening meet
ings Of the American Physical
Society here today. The first
demonstration of a,similar device
was by the Radio Corp. of Amer
lea in New York about a month
ago. It was hailed as a radically
new departure in the atomic
energy field.
Power Barely Detachable.
AS with the thermocouple
heated from some outside source,
the amount Of power generated
is negligible-measured in mil
| lionths of an ampere and de-
Evening star., 1954-04-29
Dormitories Honor Two

FREDERICKSBURG, April %
(P. - Two dormitories under
construction at Mary Washing
ton College have been named
Martha Randolph and Ann Ma
son Halls. They honor the
daughter Of Thomas Jefferson,
wife of q former Governor of
Virginia, and George Mason's
mother. I
Evening star., 1954-04-29

nounced by the Bell laboratories
earlier this week. except that In
this case the energy source Is
built into the battery itself.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
|JuniorLeague
Baseball Draws
Interest Here

The Campanella Junior League
Baseball Club is well on the way
with the games and there are some
promising results in many of the
members. It's a pleasure to see
the natural playing ability in some
of the youngsters, especially the
acts of fielding of ground balls
and the judging of fly balls.
This, however, is not strange as
Speed Ball Johnson, who pitched
for the old Miami Giants. said,
that some of the best infielders he
ever met came out of Key West.
Some of the coming stars are
Oscar (Taxi) Mcintosh, Victor
Laurie, Jr., Charles Larry)
Brown, Reynaldo Valdez, Rudolph
Manuel, the Ferguson brothers,
Robert Bennett, MCGEE, the son of
Leonard McGee, and Alvin Tynes.
Next week other outstanding
members of the league will be an
nounced.
James Chapman hit the longest
drive for home run. It went far
into the deep left field.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
Emergency March Of Dimes
Scheduled August Is Through 81

they will support the Emergency
March of Dimes, to make sure that
the prevention program, rehabili-
tati0n and aid for patients. re-
search and professional educa-
tion continue for as long as necess-
cary"
Mr.. O'Connor explained that
$26, ,50O, 900 was needed for vac
cine and GG programs alone, plus
SIS, ,O0O, 900 for patient aid if 1854
polio incidence is comparable to
1853, when almost $1,000 cases
were reported. There are signs,
however, that 1854 may be an even
heavier incidence year. The num-
Der Of new cases reported by the
U. S. Public Health Service during
the first % weeks of this year is
the largest reported for any simil-
ar period in recorded history, he
holdover cases from previous
said. In addition, there are $1,000
years, who stin require help from
the National Foundation and its
Chapters.
Beyond all these costs, another
SIS, SOC, 600 is needed for continued
research into polio prevention and
treatment, for professional educa-
ton, for medical and community
services for administration.
Mr.. O'Connor expressed graft
tude to the millions of volunteers
who contributed. :
when they realize that more
money is needed to insure COM
pletion of the vaccine evaluation,
provision of gamma globulin, med
ical care and research and for
the care and rehabilitation of
thousands of current and future
polio patients, they will want to
add their little bit more" he said.
I'VE must not fail to meet any
of these obligations. If every man,
woman and child in the United
States gives a little more in Aug
ust, our promises to patients and
the public can be kept.
II invite all Americans to look
at the problem from the point of
view Of one of the 2,0Oo patients
who fight for breath each day and
night in iron lungs or chest respir-
ators. Right in your own COM
munity, among your own neighbors,
there may be such a case. For
them the promise Of a polio vac
cine is too late. They, and thous-
ands of others who are seriously
disabled, depend upon their fellow
Americans generosity even while
rapid progress is being made TO-
ward final polio prevention.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
Florida A and M University
Conducts Third Economic
And Resource Use Workshop

of whom appeared last week. are
- DR.. Francis Allen, Florida State
University; Chic Archer, Game and
Fresh Water Fish Commission,
State of Florida; DR.. T. R. Atkin-
son, Financial Economist, Federal
Reserve Bank of Atlanta; Attorney
Kenneth Ballinger, Tallahassee
Building Commission; H. H. Book
binder, chief of congressional re-
search. CIO; Dan Lochner, John H.
Swisher, and Son, Jacksonville;
Carl McDougal, Florida Board of
Forestry; Henry Richards, FORM
erly representative of consumers
union, Interlachen, Fla; STAN
more Cawthorne, Tallahassee Ad-
vertising Commission; DR.. Mar
shall Colberry, Florida State Uni
verSity.
Philip Clear, Soil Conservation
Service, U. S. Department of Ag-
riculture; DR.. C. H. Donovan, Uni
versity of Florida; Mrs. Edith
Gaines, JCOEE, New York; DR..
H. G. Hamilton, College of Agricul-
ture, University of Florida; Walt.
er G. Kehoe, Social Security Ad-
miniStration, Tallahassee.
DIR. William Walters, Florida
Board of Health; DR.. H. Edward
Williamson, Florida State Univer-
sity; Frank Steinbruegge, National
Association of Manufacturers: and
DR.. L. w. Zeigler, department of
agriculture, University of Florida.
Members of the University resi-
dent workshop staff include - DR..
Theodore Cooper, school of educa-
tion; DR.. Henry Cooper, depart
ment of history and geography;
John Moland, department of So
ciology; B. L. Perry, department
of economies; ]. Luther Thomas,
university librarian.
Mrs. L. w. Sewell, school of ed.
ucation; DR.. c. U. Smith, head,
department of sociology; r. L.
Stockard, department of history
and geography; DR.. C. E. Walker,
dean, school of agriculture and
home economics; and r. W.
Broughton, department Of sconom-
les.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10

Tallahassee - The third annual
Florida A and M University Econ
Omic and Resource Use Education
workshop opened recently with
a discussion of the Problem and
Needs in Economic Education" by
DR.. James D. Calderwood of the
Joint Council of Economic Edu-
cation, New York. The JCOEE is
cooperating with the A and NJ
College of arts and sciences and
the school of education in the
sponsorship of the three-week con-
fab.
Walter Austin, head of the de-
partment of economics is serving
as workshop director. J. w. Riley,
head of the history department,
and A. S. Parks. assistant profess
or of history, are co-chairmen of
the planning committee; F. A.
Farrar, instructor in economics,
is secretary of the planning COM
mittee.
DR.. John Boynton of Florida
State University, Tallahassee, dis
cussed Resource Use - Its Needs
and Problems" Monday morning
following DR.. Calderwood's initial
appearance. In the afternoon ses-
sion, which was presided over by
Leonard H. Spearman, assistant
professor of education, DR.. Calder
wood gave an Interpretation of the
workshop program.
Parks was the presiding officer
for the evening program with
President George w. Gore, Jr., ex-
tending greetings to workshop par
ticipants and staff. Also present
for the session which was held in
university hospital cafeteria were
DR.. Mahlon c. Rhaney, dean, col
lege of arts and sciences: DR.. Mel
vim o. Aston, dean, school of ed
ucation; W. E. Combs, assistant
supervisor, Negro Education, State
Department of Education; DR.. Gil
bert Porter, executive secretary,
Florida State Teachers Associa-
ton; and DR.. Calderwood.
Among the lecturers and con-
sultants for the workshop (several
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
Record Summer
Enrolment At
Fla. A And NJ

Tallahassee - Summer session
enrolment at Florida A and NJ
University has reached a record
high with 2,07s persons in atten-
dance for the 1854 session, ac-
cording to figures released by
Registrar E. M. Thorpe. The pre-
sent enrolment exceeds the pre-
vious high of 2,062 in 1858 by 16.
The university reached an all
time high in enrolment last Sep
tember when 2,12O students en-
rolled for the first semester. The
second semester enrolment was
1850.
Statistics wise, women students
almost outnumber males two to
one, that is 1884 women are in
attendance compared to 733 males.
One hundred and fifty seven males
are residing in campus residence
halls and 561 women are living on
the campus for total of 718 per-
sons who are living on the campus.
OF the 1860 city or off campus
students, SIG are men and 74 are
women.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
Betty Lou Neely
Is Engaged

Mr.. and Mrs. Julius s. Neeiy, are
announcing the Engagement and
approaching marriage Of their
daughter, Betty Lou yOycslyn, 10
Corporal Floyd Culmer.
The bridegroom elects parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. william Culmer,
live on Windsor Lane.
The wedding win take place on
Sunday, August Is, at Bethel A. NJ.
E. Church, Immediately follsvins
the 11:00 a. m. services. A re.
ception viii be held immediately
following the ceremony at the
home Of the brides parents, ia
Thomas Street (rear.l
No formal invitations have been
issued, but all relatives and friends
of the families are cordially In.
vited to attend the ceremony and
the reception.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10

NEW YORK - Americans con-
tfibuted nearly $55, 5,O00, 900 to the
March Of Dimes last January -
more than In any previous year -
yet the sum fell short by $40, ,O0O,- :
900 Of meeting the current years
needs, Basil O'Connor, president
Of the National Foundation for In
fantile Paralysis, reported today.
Az 1 result. he said, it win be
hecesyary to seek the additional
amount through an Emergency
March of Dimes scheduled for Aug
ust 16 through d. The decision to
hold the emergency appeal for pol.
io-fightihS funds was made late
last week at a meeting Of the Ma
tional Foundations Board Of Trus-
tees, he disclosed.
"This year" Mr.. 0'Connor said,
"confronts US with the greatest
challenge Of any in the history
Of the fight against polio, with COM
mitmknts for . Polio Prevention
Program Of staggering size and
the necessity Of providing aid to
. record number Of polio patients. /"
Mr.. O'Connor said estimates last
fall were that $7s.ooo, 900 would be
needed to finance the polio vac.
cine trials, the purchase Of in
creased quantities Of gamma glob-
ulih, the search for improved pre-
ventive and treatment techniques,
the support Of professional edu-
cation, and the provision of fin
aheial assistance for polio patients
who need it.
This Is still q very realistic fig
ure in terms ef our obligations
and commitment" Mr.. O'Connor
explained. 1T was certainly not
because Of any lack of effort by
cur volunteers that we failed to
meet it. March of Dimes workers
did 4 remarkable job. Receipts
went ahead more than 6h per
cent. However. the $s5, ,0oO, 900
raised viii nat carry the program
through 1854.
I'VE now are entering the evalu-
alton thase Of tbe vaccine trials.
Surely - American would be 4
party to slowing this hopeful ven
tire becAuse money is needed to
care for patieAts. And who could
sanction cutting down on patient
aid in . year that already gives
signs ef heavy polio incidence?
Il know the American public does
not want to see the vital program
it Aat supported through is March
Of Dimes drives jeopardized in this
year Of challenge. feel certain
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
Where Are The Teachers?

am certain that most OF you
would like to know what your
teachers are doing during the va
cation period. Realizing this fact,
here is an account:
Mrs. Shula Alexander is spend
ing her vacation at home and may
be contacted at Route /, Box 1872,
Pinetta, Florida.
Mrs. Harriet Chipchase decided
to stay at home. Her address is
1902 Thomas Street, Key West.
Mrs. Lena Dawson, guidance
teacher at Douglass. is taking sum.
mer studies at Florida A and M
University, Tallahassee, Florida.
AlphonsO Dean who is teaching
at Douglass School during the sum-
mer can be reached at 704 Chap
man Lane, Key West.
George Dean who is giving band
instruction at Douglass School this
summer is residing at 208 Angela
Street, Key West.
Mrs. Vandalism Edwards is al
TIA Windsor Lane, Key West.
Mrs. Beatrice Gilliard is study
ing in South Carolina. Mail win be
forwarded to her from F-5 Fort
Village Ext, Key West.
Miss Mercedes Hannibal is at
Florida A and M University, Talla-
hassee, Florida.
Mrs. Mildred Harris is vacation
ing with her family at 4 West Leigh
Street, Richmond, Virginia.
Mrs. Lorraine Holt is at home
at Sl2 Windsor Lane, Key West.
Mrs. Winifred Johnson is spend
ing her vacation writing for The
Key West Citizen and is at home
at s24 Truman Avenue, Key West.
Mrs. Carrye Minor is attending
Florida A and M University.
Mrs. Mizpah SymonAtte Crutch-
field who has been indisposed for
the past three weeks is at home at
800 Thomas Street, Key West.
Miss Ruth Rodgers who will be
going to the mountains of North
Carolina may still be written at
ILL Whitehead Street, Key West.
Alfredo L. Sands is a student at
Fordham University, New York.
You may write him at 121 st. Mich
olas Avenue, Apt. &c, New York.
Mrs. Isabelle Sands, wife Of AL.
ffedo Sands. has his same ad-
dress.
Theodore Sands, is at home at
324 Truman Avenue, Key West.
Alfred Saunders is keeping house
for his family while his wife, Mrs.
Lorraine Saunders, is studying at
Florida A and M University.
Saunders may be reached at 2O0
Olivia Street, Key West.
Miss Edith Thompson is at home
at 37SS Washington Avenue, Coco
nut Grove, Florida.
Mrs. Mary Steele Thompson is
at home at sO6 Thomas Street, Key
West.
Milton Thompson is attending
Florida A and M University, Tai
lahassee, Florida.
Miss Edith Watts may be reach
ed at Route 2, Box 10, Hampton,
Virginia.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
Negro Traveller.
Attaills New
Status In US.

The Negro traveller has attained
4 new status in the American
economy. He has seen with his own
eyes q better mode of life, attain
able BY him, and it hasn't taken
too much urging to bring him and
his family into the sun and surf
for relaxation.
Il has taken no Supreme Court
edict to show him his place in the
vacation and travel picture. OF
course, he knows by experience
that - states have legal bars
erected against him. For many
years he took his enjoyment at the
local park or made the annual ex-
cursion with his church.
To-day. all that has changed. His
interest in travel has been spurred
on by maAy factors, one of which
has been the wide distribution Of
"Go-Guide to Pleasant Motoring"
first introduced in 1852 by Andrew
r. Jackson and Associates, Wash.
ington, D. C.
This publication lists over 1900
hotels, motels and tourist homes
in the United States. Canada, Al
aska, and Mexico where the Ne
gro Is welcome.
"Co" is distributed free through
the American Oil Co.'s affiliated
Lord Baltimore Filling Stations in
Baltimore, Nd, Washington, D. c.,
and company-owned AMOCo sta.
tons in Philadelphia, Virginia,
Georgia, Florida and North and
South Carolina.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10

Center Active

The Service Mems Center is vi.
tally needed to entertain men in
service while away from home.
This important organization is
maintained in general by funds
secured from the Community
Chest. With this in mind, all are
asked to contribute generously to
the fund.
A very important meeting of the
Community Chest committee viii
be held Thursday, July IS, at 500
p. m.
All organizations are requested
to have at least one representative
present at this meeting.
A dance was given at the hall
July S, for the entertainment of
the Key West Service personnel.
Music was furnished by the Cof-
fee and Butler Band. This same
band will play for the, dance to be
sponsored tonight.
The admission fee to these dam
ces is very low and all are asked
to attend.
Door prizes will he given away
at each dance. Miss Patricia Fer
guson won last weeks prize.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
CHIEF LAWSON
VISITS IN CITY

Retired Coast Guard Chief,
Charles Lawson, husband Of The
former Miss Mary Ellen Nicely.
daughter OF Mrs. Nellie Ellen Nee.
ly and the late Lester v. Nicely, $40
PetrOnia Street, was in town At
tending to business relative to the
Coast Guard.
Chief Lawson left Monday, June
%, for his home In Berkely, Cali
fornia. Enroute. however. he stop.
ped by the home Of his mother,
Mrs. Lucy Lawson, in RicAmond,
Virginia. !"
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
MRS. MADISON ARRIVES

Mrs. Alfred Madison, wife of
Alfred Madison. a Navy man sta
toned aboard the USS Howard W.
Gilmore, arrived in Key West, June
IL, to join her husband.
Madison is a very active mem
Der of Zion A. M. E. Church and
Mrs. Madison who likes Key West
has eagerly joined him in his civic
and religious activities.
The Key West citizen., 1954-07-10
MISS MARVA ALLEN
SEEKS SCHOLARSHIP

miss Marva Allen. daughter ot
Mr.. and Mrs. George Allen, Tie
Monroe County Lane, will leave
with Rev. and Mrs. w. N. Mclean
Of the Trinity Presbyterian Church
Tuesday, in the interest Of secur-
ing Q college scholarship. /
Miss Allen graduated from Doug.
lass High School with this years
class.