davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-23
Army Officer Says
He Followed Orders
In Peress Discharge
sy the Assoeio,ed Pres,

This is the transcript of last
Thursdays Senate InUeStigG-
tions Subcommittee hearing in
Netp York at tDhich Chairman
Mccarthy questioned Brig.
Gen. Ralph w. Ztpicker about
the case OF Mai. Irping Peress.
Also present tUere Roy Cotn,
subcommittee counsel: Daniel
G. Buckley, assistant counsel:
Harold RGinUille, aide to SenG-
tor DirkSen; Robert Jones.
aide to Senator Potter. and
James N. JUlidna, Investigator.
The chairman: General.
would you raise your right
hand and be sworn? In this
matter now in hearing before
the committee. do you solemn
ly swear to tell the truth, the
whole truth. and nothing but
the truth, so help you God?
Gen. Zwicker: I do.
Mr.. Cohn: General. could we
have your full name?
Gen. zwicker: Ralph w.
Zwicker.
Mr.. Cohn: General, to see
If we can save a little time
here, isn't the situation this
by the way, you have been
commanding officer at Kilmer
since when?
Gen. Zwicker: Since the
middle of July last year.
Mr.. Cohn: Has the PeresS
case come to your attention
since that time? am not ask
ing questions about it.
Gen. Zwicker: Yes.
Mr.. Cohn: It has come to
your attention, and you have
q familiarity with that case?
Gen. Zwicker: Yes.
Mr.. Cohn: Now, General,
would you like to be able to
tell us exactly what happened
In that case. and what steps
you took and others took down
at Kilmer to take action
against Peress a long time be-
fore action was finally forced
by the committee?
Gen. Zwicker: That is a
toughie.
Mr.. Cohn: All I am asking.
you now is if you could, if you
were at liberty to do so. would
you like to be in a position to
tell us that story?
Gen. zwicker: Well, may I
say that if I were in a position
to do so, I would be perfectly
glad to give the committee
any information that they
desired.
Mr.. Cohn: You certainly feel
that that information would
not reflect unfavorably on you;
is that correct? sA
Gen. Zwicker: Definitely
not. 9Is}', e.
Mr.. Cohn: And would not
reflect unfavorably on a num-
Der of other people at Kilmer
and the 1st Army?
Gen. Zwicker: Definitely not.
The chairman: It would re-
feet unfavorably upon some of
them, of course?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-23

The chairman: You have q
rather important Job. I want
to know how you feel about
getting rid Of Communists.
Gen. Zwicker: I am all for it.
The chairman: All right.
You will answer that question
unless you take the Fifth
Amendment. ! do not care
how long we stay here, you.
are going to answer it.
Gen. Zwicker: DO you mean
how ] feel toward Commu.
niStS?
The chairman: I mean ex-
actly what I asked you, Gem
eral. nothing else. And any.
one with the brains Of q s.
year-old child can understand
that question.
The reporter will read it to
you as often as you need to
hear it so that you can answer
it, and then you will answer it.
Gen. Zwicker: Start it over.
please.
(The question was reread
by the reporter.)
Gen. Zwicker: I do not
think he should be removed
from the military.
The chairman: Then, Gen.
eral. you should be removed
from any command. Any man
who has been given the honor
Of being promoted to general
and who says. II will protect
another general who protected
Communists" is not fit to wear
that uniform, Geenral. I think
it is a tremendous disgrace to
the Army to have this sort Of
. thing given to the public. I
intend to give it to them. I
have a duty to do that. I in
tend to repeat to the press
exactly what you said. So you
know that. You will be back
here. General.
Do you know who initiated
the order for the honorable
discharge Of this major?
Gen. Zwicker: AS q person,
sir?
The chairman: Yes.
Gen. Zwicker: No. I do not.
The chairman: Have you
tried to find out?
Gen. Zwicker: No, I have
not.
The chairman: Have you dis
cussed that matter with Mr..
Adams (John q. Adams, Army
legal adviser)
Gen. Zwicker: AS a person,
no, sir.
The chairman: How did you
discuss it with him other
than as a person?
Gen. Zwicker: I mean as an
individual. This is a Depart
ment Of the Army order.
The chairman: Have you
tried to find out who is re-
sponsible?
Gen. Zwicker: Who signed
this order?
The chairman: Who was
responsible for the order?
Gen. ZWicker: No, sir, I have
not.
The chairman: Are you
curious?
Gen. Zwicker: Frankly. no.
The chairman: You were
Continued on Page AS, Col. IL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-23

whether he refused to tell
whether he was a Communist.
The chairman: Are you the
commanding officer there?
Gen. Zwicker: I am the
commanding general.
The chairman: When an Of.
ficer appears before a COM
mittee and refuses to answer,
would you not read that story
rather carefully?
Gen. Zwicker: I read the
press releases.
The chairman: Then, gen.
eral. you knew did you not,
that he appeared before the
committee and refused, on the
grounds of the Fifth Amend
ment. to tell about all of his
Communist activities? You
knew that. did you not?
Gen. Zwicker: I knew every
thing that was in the press.
The chairman: Don't be coy
with me, General.
Gen. Zwicker: I am not
being coy. sir.
The chairman: Did you have
that general picture?
Gen. Zwicker: ] believe ! re-
member reading In the paper
that he had taken refuge in the
fifth amendment to avoid an
Swering questions before the
committee.
The chairman: About COM
muniSm?
Gen. Zwicker: I am not too
certain about that.
The chairman: Do you mean
that you did not have enough
interest in the case. General.
the case of this major who was
in your command. to get some
idea Of what questions he had
refused to answer? Is that cor
rect?
Gen. Zwicker: ! think that
Is not putting 1t quite right.
Mr.. Chairman.
The chairman: You put it
right. then.
Gen. Zwicker: I have great
interest in all of the officers Of
my command, with whatever
they do.
The chairman: Let's stick to
the fifth amendment Com
munists, now. Let's stick to
him. You told us you read the
press releases.
Gen. Zwicker: I did.
The chairman: But now you
indicate that you did not know
that he refused to tell about his
Communist activities. Is that
correct?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-23

would you hold up his dis
charge until he was either ex-
onerated or tried?
Gen. Zwicker: I am not 60
ing to answer that question,
/ don't believe. the way you
want it. sir.
The chairman: I just want
you to tell me the truth.
Gen. Zwicker: On all of the
evidence or anything that had
been presented to me as COM
manding general of Camp
Kilmer. I had no authority to
retain him in the service.
The chairman: You say that
II you had heard that he had
stolen $50. then you could
order him retained. But when
you heard that he was part
of the Communist conspiracy,
that subsequent to the time
the orders were issued a Sem
ate committee took the evil
dence under oath that he was
part of the conspiracy. you
say that would not allow you
to hold up his discharge?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-23

to Secretary Of the Army Ste
vens in which / requested or.
rather. suggested that this man
be court-martialed. and that
any one that protected him or
covered up for him be court-
martialed?
Gen. Zwicker: Yes, sir.
The chairman: That ap-
peared in the papers on Sun
day and Monday, right?
Gen. Zwicker:: I don't re-
call the exact date.
The chairman: At least, it
appeared before he got his
honorable discharge?
Gen. Zwicker: I don't know
that that was true, either, sir.
The chairman: In any event,
you saw it in a current paper.
did you?
Gen. Zwicker: I did.
The chairman: You did not
see the story later. So that at
the time he was discharged,
were you then aware of the
fact that I had suggested a
court-martial for him and for
whoever gots him special con-
sideration?
Gen. Zwicker: If the time
jibes. I was.
The chairman: Were you
aware that he was being given
a discharge on February 2?
In other words. the day he
was discharged, were you
aware of it?
Gen. Zwicker: Yes; yes. sir.
The chairman: Who ordered
his discharge?
Gen. Zwicker: The Depart
ment of the Army.
The chairman: Who in the
department?
Gen. zwicker:: That I can't
answer.
Mr.. Cohn: That isn't o
security matter?
Gen. Zwicker: No. I don't
know. Excuse me.
Mr.. Cohn: Who did you talk
to? You talked to somebody.
Gen. Zwicker: No, ] did not.
Mr.. Cohn: How did you know
he should be discharged?
Gen. Zwicker: You also have
a copy of this. I don't know
why you asked me for it. This
is the order under which he
was discharged, a copy of that
order.
The chairman: Just a min
ute. You are referring to an
order of January 10.
Gen. Zwicker: I am not
sure. sir. Just moment.
The chairman: January 18.
Will you tell me whether or not
you were at all concerned
about the fact that this man
was getting an honorable dis
charge after the chairman of
the Senate Investigating Com
mittee had suggested to the
Department Of the Army that
he be court-martialed?, Did
that give you any concern?
Gen. Zwicker: It may have
concerned me. but it could not
have changed anything that
was done in carrying out this
order.
The chairman: Did you take
any steps to have him retained
until the Secretary of the
Army could decide whether he
should be court-martialed?
Gen. Zwicker: No, sir.
The chairman: Did it occur
to you that you should?
Gen. Zwicker: No, sir.
The chairman: Could you
have taken such steps?
Gen. Zwicker: No, sir.
The chairman: In other
words. there is nothing you
could have done, Is that your
statement?
Gen. Zwicker: That is my
opinion.
Mr.. Rainville: May I inter-
rupt a minute? Doesn't that
order specifically state that
this is subject to your check
as to whether he is in good
health and can be discharged?
Gen. Zwicker:: May ! read
it?
Mr.. Rainville: I read the
order It is in there.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-23
right. sir. not mentioning about

right, sir. not mentioning about
any one particular person?
The chairman: That Is right.
Gen. Zwicker: I have no
brief for that kind Of person,
and II there exists or has
existed something in the sys-
tenn that permits that, ! say
that is wrong.
The chairman: I am not
talking about the system. I
am asking you this question.
general, q very simple ques-
ton: Let us assume that John
Jones, who is a major in the
United States Army
Gen. Zwicker: A what. sir?
The chairman: Let us as
sumo that John Jones is q
major in the United States
Army. Let us assume that
there is sworn testimony to
the effect that he is part Of
the Communist conspiracy,
has attended Communist lead
ership schools. Let us assume
that Maj. John Jones is un-
der oath before a committee
and says, II cannot tell you
the truth about these charges
because If I did I fear that
might tend to incriminate
me-" Then let us say that Gen.
Smith was responsible for this
man receiving an honorable
discharge, knowing these facts.
Do you think that Gen. Smith
should be removed from the
military, or do you think he
should be kept on in it?
Evening star., 1954-04-26
Carbonate of Beef

At the old Ritz in New York
they used to serve the most de-
licious dish-carbonnade of beef
Slice 4 onions and brown them
In 2 tablespoons of butter. Sea-
son IL lean slices of beef round
with salt and pepper, and fry in
another pan with good fats Take
the meat from the pan, and place
the slices on the onions. Pour
off all fat from the saucepan.
and add / bottle of beer. Cook
until reduced to y, then add q
cup of tomato sauce and a cup
of brown gravy. Bring to a boil.
and then add the meat, the on
ions and an herb faggot. Let
cook slowly for 1l2 hours. toss
out the faggot and serve with
boiled potatoes. Strain the sauce
and pour over all.
Evening star., 1954-04-26
Recipes for
Real French
On1eIets
By the Chef

The authenticity Of a recipe
Is certainly not as important as
the way the results taste. How
ever. it's always fun to know
something of the background Of
the dishes we prepare. One
reader asks:
ITO settle an argument, how
is an authentic French omelet
made-with white and yolks
beaten together or with the
white beaten separately and
folded in?"
Both the omeletS you describe
are authentic French dishes. The
first is the simple eomelet most
commonly served in France, but
the second, what we Americans
call a puffy omelet" is a direct
descendant Of mousseline and
souff1e omeletS. both Of which
are definitely recognized in
French cuisine.
For a simple French omelet,
you need 2 eggs per person. Beat
them with a fork till well mixed,
salt and pepper lightly and add
a few drops Of water-thiS to
improve their texture. Heat up
oil or butter in your skillet-it
should be almost bubbling-and
pour in egg mixture. Lower
flame and. with a fork, keep lift
ing edges and letting egg run
over sides, meanwhile shaking
pan gently so that your mixture
won't stick, till the bottom of
your omelet is cooked (but not
brown. the top moist and
slightly runny. Now add what
ever filling you have chosen, fold
omelet over and slide onto a
dish.
The puffy omelet is q little
more complicated-but also q
little more foolproof. Separate 4
eggs and beat the yokes until
thick and lemon colored, adding
salt and pepper and few table
spoons Of milk. Beat egg whites
until stiff and fold In. Turn
into a buttered skillet and cook
for a few minutes, or until bot
tom is solidifled and top is puffed
up. Now slide your pan into q
moderate oven and cook for 5
or more minuteS-this to brown
the top. Crease the center with
a knife, fold over and serve.
* X
do you have a good, simple
recipe for hollandaise sauce?
Mine always seems to turn out
badly"
Hollandaise has a reputation
for being difficult. but it needn't
be, if you follow instructions and
pay attention to what you're do
ing. Here's a recipe that I've
always had luck with.
Use 3 egg yolks to "a pound
Cor 8 tablespoons of butter
P4uo VIC Ju4(O VI 4CA41OAs 4Ou1
ingredients should be at room
temperature when you start.
Run about 2 inches of water into
the bottom of q double boiler
and let it simmer but not boil.
No water should touch the top
part Of the boiler. In the top,
place your egg yolks and 3 table
spoons Of butter. Beat with a
whisk, rotary beater or electric
mixer at slow speed-until but
ter is melted. Add 8 more table,
spoons of butter. continue to
beat till they are melted, then
add the rest Of the butter. Keep
beating till sauce is thick and
creamy. Beat in lemon juice
plus a touch of cayenne If you
like-last. Remove from fire and
serve Immediately Constant
beating over low heat should
insure a perfect hollandaiSe.
Evening star., 1954-04-26

THE HECHT CO., Si1uer Spring and PARK
ington. Arlington open tonight TIL $50
Pm. Washington Store open tal s Pm.
Arizona sun., 1954-03-19
Share Your
Wisdom,

NEW YORK, (GlobaD - The
realities of life are too much for
many of us, but beyond these stark
realities is a promise: "When God
is for you, who can be against
you?" Life is not just an empty
bubble it is a seed of potentiality
holding pattern of great future.
AS we work toward progressive
ends, we become like the universe
which always functions that way.
There are various methods of
knowing more about life. KnOWl-
edge comes from research, expert
ment, learning, revelation. Devel-
.Opment improves our outer and in
ner world. In or quest for develop
ment we are often prone to forget
our inner world needs.
Arizona sun., 1954-03-19
GETTING
ALONG
BY Laureen White

NEW YORK (GlobaD-Of all
the monuments man has erected
to his stupidity, the Slums of the
big cities and the inadequate
housing accommodations in the
smaller cities, are by far the most
noticeable. From the smallest ham,
let to the largest city the condition
is the same. There are simply not
enough decent places for people
to live. No doubt there are many
reasons why this state Of affairs
exists, and different sections Of
the earth afford different reasons
at various times.
In some sections political maneu-
verings prevent capital from being
interested in erecting new build
ings. One of the best examples of
this is in France. France is sup
posed to have the worst slums of
any modern country. The chief
reason for this is that rents were
frozen in 1914 and the politicians
have not allowed rents to increase
enough so that more buildings
could be constructed. For years
French people paid only one per
cent of their income for rent.
Americans pay from 25 to 80 per
cent of their income for rent and
that is one of the reasons why
Americans are the best housed peO-
pie on earth. If people with money
in France felt that they could
make fair return, they would in
vest in housing. One could hardly
expect insurance companies, banks
and other financial institutions to
risk money in undertakings that
would be Improbable.
Although regulations are not as
hard in America for the landlord,
still injustices occur here for both
landlord and tenant. One of the
greatest handicaps to adequate
housing in America is lack of con-
Arizona sun., 1954-03-19
Card of Appreciation
From Sun Valley Tent
No. go

We the members of Sun Valley
Tent No. 60, wish to thank those
who participated in our successful
picnic on Sunday, March IA, at
South Mountain Park. 1t was q
huge success. We especially are
grateful to Mines Julius Johnson,
Bessie White, Elizabeth PondeXter,
Roberta Lewis, Bertha Shelton,
Georgia Johnston and others, who
furnished transportation for the
children. There were 48 members
present.-Daughters:
Marzelar Allen, Queen Mother.
Elizabeth PondeXter, vice
Queen Mother,
Roberta Lewis, Secretary,
Evelyn Barnett, reporter.
Arizona sun., 1954-03-19

NEW YORK (GlobaD-Johnny
Hodges and his orchestra still scor-
ing heavily throughout the coun-
try Joe Styles just concluded
q successful engagement in Philly
and once again shas invaded New
England, performing in Boston :. i.
Billy Eckstine's MGG record of
~Lost in loneliness" in just three
weeks, has reached the three quar-
ter million mark :. Sarah Waugh
an doing a great job on the switch
of labels Louis Armstrong
going into Broadway's Basin Street
next week.
Big John Greer's new recording
is making noise and Greer himself
is making noise with his cOmbo,
doing one-nighterS in the south
land PIANIST George Shearing
is one of the greatest . Walter
Bishop one of Americas foremost
ASCAP composers . From the
new MIG cinemaScope Rose Marie"
are these fine recorded selections
in an album, featuring Ann Blyth,
Howard Keel, Fernando Lamas,
Bert Lahr and Marjorie Main. The
tunes are, "The Right Place For a
Girl' Free To Be Free" Love
and Kisses" Indian Love Cal" 1"
"Rose Marie" I'm A Mountie
Who Never Got His Man" Il Have
The Love-" and "Mounties."
Buddy Lucas and his ork still
clicking Vern Stevens out on
tour lining up spots for his fine
stable of talent =. Dusty Fletcher
hanging out with the boys at the
Hotel Theresa :. Nat King Cole
at the Rustic Cabin in Jersey =.
Little Verna Ray is a pretty tai
Tented nine-year-old from Brook
1yn. She can sing, dance and she's
sweet and pretty and her mother, a
gracious, cultured woman, has
given her a fine background. One
of these days we predict she will
be a heartbreaker in show biz. So
watch OlIt fOr. hnr
Ginny Gibson is one of the best
female singers around, for our
money The Dell-Tones (four
gals will make great strides this
year, just wait and see Ella
Fitzgerald still great favorite
around the country =. Andy Kirk
a Tin Pan Alley-ite :. The Harp
tones set to invade Harlem's Apol-
10 Theatre for a weeks stay as
headliners.
Doc Bagby still one of the great
est opponents of the Hammond
Organ Bob Santa aria has a
new platter out called "Tsuzam-
men," backed with Farewell
Farewell" It's a good one We
like Frank Petty'S recording of
"Hearts Win, You Lose" and "Pino
Pantoloni" Little Rita Faye
is becoming one of the big record
ing stars.
Arizona sun., 1954-03-19
Straight
Ahead
BY OLIVE A. ADAMS


NEW YORK, (GlobaD = The
Atlanta Constitution, in an editor
ial Monday, March 8, had high
praise for Adlai Stevensons speech
in Miami last week, declaring that
the Democrats emerged from that
meeting with a new framework
of unity and dignity" In this same
vein, the editorial goes on to praise
the meeting as offering some hope
to the entire nation "noW torn with
disSensiOn and with a governing
party that is split asunder." A
further comment was that "the
country will be pleased with signs
from the Miami meeting that the
Democrats are more aware of ma
tional problems than the party in
power. The country cannot just
drift for the remainder of the Eli
senhower administration"
When Mr.. Stevenson took on
the Miami assignment, he was sup
posed to have a unifying effect on
all Democrats everywhere, but
everybody knew he would be hard
pressed for fuel to light his fire.
Many writer's pointed out that at a
S100-a-plate dinner one could hard
ly talk about hard times; with
business expansion going along all
around, one could hardly harp on
depression. The best pitch, they
agreed, would be "MCarthyiSm"
which is by now a WOrnOut song
that everybody has sung, and
whose lyrics every school child
knows by heart. We think Mr.
Stevenson sensed this too, for his
phrases didn't have their usual
sharp turn; his rhetoric was not
quite as incisive; and his manner
of delivery not quite as convinc-
ing as we remembered him even
as he conceded defeat in 1852. AS
for unity in the Democratic Par
ty, it is altogether possible that
they may have achieved something
like it. At least they are together
on one thing: They want to get
back in.
But to get back to the Atlanta
Constitution. Another editorial in
the same issue has a word of cheer
for all those who may have been
effected by talk of a recession.
Pointing out that we are now 60
ing through a period of adjustment
from the peak of defense spending,
the editorial points out that "five
to eight years away, is a possibility
Of the greatest expansion period in
the history of the American eco
nomy. Quoting extensively from
Business Week" in its effort to
prove that we are on the brink of
a bright new day when the COM
ing generation will have an "insa-
table urge" to better their stand
ard of living, the edioorial closes,
while we prepare to meet this
period, American business must
meet the challenge by keeping the
economic machinery in good work.
ing order. If it does, the future
possibilities are unlimited"
This is hardly in line with the
New Deal government-control ide-
ology. Don't look now, but the A.C.
just struck a blow for free enter
prise, and gave a nice pat on the
back to the present administration
If this is what they call drifting"
we'll have a, double order, thank
you.
Arizona sun., 1954-03-19

sideration on the part of many
tenants. When buildings are in bad
repair, it isn't always the owners
fault. When garbage is on the side
walks and in the courtyards, it is
invariably the fault of some ten
ant When halls are dirty, windows
and plaster broken and rubbish
accumulated in passage ways, it is
seldom the owner of the building
who created the condition. A n d
when the owner of the building
knows who is guilty of violating
his property, it is often hard to
prosecute.
In small towns, property owners
have difficulties, too. One family
we heard of, chopped the back
porch from their rented home and
used it for firewood. And they al
ways had myriad excuses for not
paying the rent. Any time an
emergency existed in this family,
they were unable to pay the man
who furnished them protection
from the elements.
Poor housing conditions result
from ruthless property owners, un-
fair laws covering buildings, and
destructive and inconsiderate ten
ants. It is hard to tell where the
greatest responsibility lies.
Psychologists say that statistics
prove,
1. A person charged with one ac
cident for which he is at fault, is
three times more apt to have sec
ond accident within the same year,
than the person with an accident
free record.
2. The person responsible for
two accidents within the year, is
approximately seven times more
likely to have a third accident
within the year. But don't be too
sure you won't have an accident
even though you haven't had one,
DRIVE CAREFULLY
Take the guess out of your poul-
try business = keep good records
during the coming year so you'll
know whether you made profit
and how much.
Arizona sun., 1954-03-19

Take the guess out of your poul-
try business - keep good records
during the coming year so you'll
know whether you made profit
and how much.