davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

Route % will be dead-ended at
his west property line because
the commission is planning to
relocate the road.
Commission officials said that
in their opinion; the four FAM
lilies win be better of than they
were before.
For one thing" a spokesman
said. they won't have a busy
highway going right past their
front yards. The old highway
will serve as an access road used
only by these families. The new
Route % will be $50 feet farther
away"
Isolated From Property.
He said part of the cloverleaf
which curves around behind the
homes viii actually be isolated
from the property because it
will be in a deep cut.
He added that leaving the
homes within the cloverleaf will
save the State between $50, 900
and 100000.
Mrs. Carlton L. Howard said
she feels her property value will
be deprecated. The commits
sion wants 40 feet Of the back
Of her lot and the new access
road will be 81 feet below the
site of her home.
The Towards and the o. "A.
Similas, who live at 817, both
have two children in their fam
lilies. None of the Simila's prop
erty is being taken.
Mrs. Sinila said she and her
husband built their home be-
cause Of the quietness of the
neighborhood and would now
move If they had the money to
buy another place. She does not
like The thought OF trucks shift
Ing years as they move on and
of the new pike.
Mrs. William o. Best said as
she had never heard of any one
living In a keloyer leaf.
''We think it's kind Of nasty
OF them" she added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
Elected at MiddIeburq

MIDDLEBURGs Aug. % (Spe-
ciaD Mrs. Campbell Keafnes
has been reelected president of
the Middlebnrg Legion Auxiliary
for 1954-55. Other new officers
are: Mrs. Burns Robertson. vice
president; Mrs. Galen Conner.
secretary; Mrs. Harry James.
treasurer: Mrs. Raymond Cor
don. chaplain; Mrs. George Rob-
ertson, sergeant at arms. and
Mrs. William Gordon. historian.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
New Hospital. Kitchen
trryApYYssfssS.fs<sSsrxa 49,.

If1AkIlNtEEH0Vl Aug. Z8.
"A new main kitchen and cafe
terra for the University of Vir-
GINA Hospital has been contract
for and should be completed
within 100 days. Assistant Hos
pital Director John F. Harlan,
jr. announced yesterday.
The contract award went to
the Ivy Construction Corp. of
Charlottesville. The corporation
was the low bidder, with a bid of
500. 400. Final decision on alter
mates requested brought the con-
tract figure down to $95 1894. Five
other companies bid.
The new one-story structure
will provide an integrated kitch-
en-, an aforementioned cafeteria
to seat $50, and a private dining
room for Is.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29

HOMES SURROUNDED-Here three Of the four homes
which will in the interchange
west end Of Rockville. The homes belong to o. A. Sma VIII
liam Best and Carlton Howard all Of the 500 block Of
West Montgomery avenue Star STAFF Photo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
Mortinsburg Mon Wins
Conservation Contest
speeieI pi.poieh 10 Ihe star

MARTINSBURG, w. Va, Aug.
28.-John F. DeBaugh Of Mar
tinsburg has been named winner
Of the Eastern Panhandle Soil
Conservation District contest, it
was announced today by Milton
Porterf1eld and James VanMetre,
representatives Of the board Of
supervisors.
The district winner receives a
$50 U. s. Savings Bond and an
all-expense trip to Jackson's Mill
in November to attend the annual
meeting Of the State Association
Of Soil Conservation Districts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-29
Charlottesville Schools

CHARIOT ESvIILE, Va,
Aug. % Especially The four
Charlottesville elem en- tary
schools and Lane High School
will open the day after Labor
Day, Tuesday, September z.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Missouri and Delaware

OF the other three border States,
one, Kentucky, has taken no posi-
tive steps as yet toward Indignation,
although Kentucky says it will COM
ply with the law. Some moves have
been made this fall in Missouri and
Delaware.
In Missouri, about 1000 Of the
States $4,000 Negro students are
now enrolled In hitherto alleviate
schools. About 900 teachers college
students of both races in st. Louis
are attending an institution formerly
reserved to whites. st. Louis high
schools will be integrated In Febru-
airy and the elementary grades will
end segregation next fall. Kansas
City's Junior colleges and vocational
high schools are now integrated,
with further consolidation scheduled
along st. Louis lines.
At Sikeston, in the deep South"
section of southeastern Missouri,
the junior high and high school
grades were integrated this fall.
Missouri has 10-to-1 white pre-
ponderance in its public schools.
In Delaware. where the ratio is
about 5 whites to / Negro. about
a dozen out of 108 school districts
have been integrated. Wilmington
elementary schools will open to-
morrow on q Mons aggregated basis,
with higher grades scheduled for
integration next year. Claymont,
del the foca1 mint of oro ~ the
five segregation suits decided by the
Supreme Court this year, is operat-
ing on a non-segregated policy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

The Pattern

In the absence of DEGREES inn
plementing the Courts overturn OF
segregation, the Is major areas are
tackling the problem in a variety
of ways. In general, this IS the pat
tern:
Border States are moving slowly
toward indignation or are giving
evidence of willingness to comply as
soon as the rules are written. The
Deep South with single minor
exception in one State) is moving
not at all. and some States con-
tinue to give evidence of intent to
oppose any indignation formula.
But reaction to the Supreme
Court ruling, as reflected in steps
toward indignation this year, made
one thing clear. The area Of Jim
Grow" education Is shrinking
will shrink more. It probably win
not shrink to the vanishing point
for some time. however.
Already integration is in effect to
some degree in Delaware, Maryland.
West Virginia, Missouri. the District
Of Columbia and (the sole exception
in Dixie) one town in Arkansas.
Progress in the border areas toward
ending segregation has varied from
snail's pace to giants stride. Oddly.
some formulas which seem. on their
face. broader than others. actually
are less far-reaching in their effects.
An example of this seeming para
dox lies in a comparison of what. is
happening in the school systems of
two large cities. Baltimore and
Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

meeting, Britain's Foreign Minister
Anthony Eden embarked yesterday
on tour Of the European capitals
to exchange ideas about EDO alter
natives as preliminary to a full
NATO conference. He will make the
circle of edo countries, stopping in
Paris last.
Full German sovereignty as a
member Of NATO seemed to be most
on European statesmen's minds.
Whether France would go along on
any plan giving West Germany an
unrestricted right to rearm IS still
the big question Chancellor AtisA
hauer insists ON fiiSt getting tlli
rig1tt, but then might negotfate'
some of 1t away again to help
achieve European unity The diff
Guilty will be to convince France
that the Germans would follow
through. The Soviet Union played
on those fears again last week.
warning Of dire. consequences OF
German rearmamerit. IS
The urgency is to cement West
Germany into a West European
alliance before old nationalisms get
out of control. and before Herr Ade-
nauer's political foes can get to him
for placing too much faith in EDO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

primary target: Macs invasion
junks. Concentrate all your air force,
on them, If necessary. Keep the
Reds from masSing off the main
land, and they'll never take For
moSa.
The Generalissimo must have
thought of that advice more than
once in the last few weeks. His air
force, including some newly-ac-
quired, if outmoded. jets from the
United States, ranged over Annoy
: dropping bombs and strafing junkS
which may or may not be massing
for an invasion of Formosa.
The first Communist step toward
an assault on Formosa would be to
clear out the off-shore islands which
Chang still holds. This could be
the purpose Of Macs current con-
centration on Quemoy. Also, the
activity serves as test Of Americas
heart for a fight And finally. there
is the subtler design of diverting
Western attention from Red activity
in Southern Wet Nam, Thailand and
Burma.
Red shells over Quemoy killed two
American officers last week end, but
the reaction of both sides gave no
indication that anything big was in
the offing. The United States did not
protest. More surprisingly, the Com
munists did not use this bald adj
mission of American interest in the
Chinese mainland for what 1t could
have been worth-a pretext for some
kind of outrageous retaliation, prop
agandawise or otherwise.
Denver Tolks
American planners who are sur
veying the situation in Denver to-
day aren't likely to decide to go all
out to defend small islands off China.
They aren't that. important. More
over many of them lie in rocky
waters where Macs junks could
operate to better advantage than the
larger ChineSe-American craft.
The most the United States could
lose. probably, is another propaganda
battle if public opinion suddenly be-
comes convinced that the islands are
of surprising Importance. If staunch
American promises to defend For
mosa aren't honored, on the other
hand, 1t Is plain that the United
States days in the Orient are num-
bered.
Earlier In the week President
Eisenhower took as long step away
from atomic war as the Soviet
Unions attitude would allow. He
announced that this country is join
ing five others in an international
agency that will foster the use of
atomic energy for peace. The other
nations are Canada, South Africa,
Australia, Great Britain and France.
Additional countries are expected to
join. The Soviet, of course, has in
dicated it will not participate, thus
taking much Of the hope out Of the
project.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Stevenson's Idea

The administration was wrestling
with difficult foreign policy problems
last week, but they had an offer Of
help from Democrat Adlai E. Steven-
son. It was not the kind of help the
White House was seeking, however.
What Mr.. Stevenson suggested was
that the Republicans turn the whole
burden over to the Democrats.
The former presidential candi-
date was getting in some political
ticks from Pennsylvania stump.
where the Democrats are trying to
gain governorship. He hit out Wig
orously on foreign policy.
Bipartisanship was fine, Mr.. Stew,
enSon said, and the Democrats
would cooperate If only they knew
which Republican foreign policy
spokesman to follow. Was IL Sena-
tor Knowland, he asked, or Vice
President Nixon or the Secretary Of
State or perhaps some White House
policy?
Republicans, Mr.. Stevenson con-
Guided, could never agree on q work.
able policy. His solution: Elect q
Democratic Congress this fall and q
Democratic President In 1856.
Farm Vote Bid
While Mr.. Stevenson belabored
the Republican foreign policy Presi-
dent Eisenhower announced a pro-
gram which should bring in some
farm area votes this fall. He said
the Government would start to get
rid of 81 billion worth Of surplus ag-
riculture products. shipping them
abroad.
Some $700 million worth would DO
Continued on Page A-2S.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

the status quo prevailed. Tennessee
and Florida. which have taken no
positive steps toward integration.
have signified their intention to
file friend of -the-court" briefs with
the Supreme Court this fall, in
which they will outline their sug-
gestions for orderly interrogation.
Florida wants a gradual formula.
as does Tennessee. It is reported
that Tennessee will suggest inte-
grafton beginning with the first
elementary grade and progressing
over the years until all grades are
integrated.
virginio's Position
In Virginia. public schools re-
main segregated this fall. A fort
night ago, Gov. Stanley appointed
q 32-member Commission on Public
Education to study problems facing
the State. At q Ruritan Club meet
ing at Virginia Beach last Tuesday,
the Governor said public reaction
leaves mo doubt in my mind" as
to the public's wishes in the matter.
He did not amplify, but his state
ment was generally taken to mean
that most Virginians oppose school
integration.
One Virginia county will be di-
rectly and Immediately affected by
any decree handed down by, the
Supreme Court in the coming term.
This Is Prince Edward County,
where one Of the i've historic anti
segregation suits originated. The
county Is about As per cent Negroes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Farther. South

The only positive step toward
integration in the 1.000-odd counties
of the Deep South was taken at
Fayetteville. Ark, where handful
of Negroes will enter the high school
tomorrow. Because the University of
Arkansas at Fayetteville has accept
ed Negroes in graduate schools for
several years. this step toward
irtegration is not expected to excite
much comment.
Elsewhere, the anti-integration
front is solid, and a high degree of
intransigence is in evidence in the
phalanx Of States from Louisiana
to South Carolina. Some Of the
States either have taken or are about
to take steps calling for the aboli-
ton Of public schools in event in
tegration is forced by the Supreme
Court decree. Defenders of these
plans contend that just as it Is in
the power Of the States to establish
schools, 1t is in their power to dis
establish them.
The focal point Of opposition re-
mains Georgia, where last week
1t. Gov. Marvin Griffin was nomi-
mated lie, elected as the Demo-
cratic candidate for Governor to
succeed Herman Talmadge. Mr..
Griffin was one of nine candidates.
eight Of whom outspokenly opposed
indignation. As the self styled
white peoples candidate (there
was no BLACK peoples candidate"),
Mr.. Griffin ran on q platform that
reflected Mr.. Talmadge's attitude
that no Negro child would ever cross
the threshold Of a white school.
MississippTs Move
In Mississippi, the lower legislative
House passed and sent to the State
Senate a proposed constitutional
amendment which would authorize
the Legislature to abolish the public
school system.
In Montgomery, Ala, the local
chapter Of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People sent a Negro child to request
admission to white school. The
request was refused and the incident
was closed quietly, at least for the
time being. There viii be no inte-
grafton this year In Alabama.
Elsewhere In the segregation area,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
West Virginia Test

Perhaps the most interesting in
tegration experiment is being con-
Quoted in West Virginia, where
school already is under way.
One of the .'whitest" of the segre-
CATION States, West Virginia has
only s Negroes to every 100 whites
in the public schools. Some parts OF
the State are definitely Southern
oriented. while other parts more
closely resemble the North.
After the Court ruling, the State
government threw the problem of in
tegration into the laps of the SIS
county school boards. Approximately
40 counties decided to do nothing
pending a Supreme Court decree.
But moves made by other counties
ran the gamut from all-out integra-
ton to slow gradualism. Various
formulas were applied.
Various PIons
Wood County integrated its lower
elementary and freshman high
school grades. leaving the rest segre-
gated.
Barbour, Upshur and Taylor coun-
ties integrated Negro high school
students Tin order to save transport
tation costs outside the county, but
left lower grades segregated.
Monongalia County integrated
schools at all levels.
Cabell County opened school doors
to Negroes in the LIST elementary
and 7th beginning junior high
grades.
Summers County's experience bore
out what foes of compulsory inte-
grafton have been saying. The
school board ruled that children.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
War in Chino?

Back in 1850. after the Com
munists had shooed Chang Kali
shek out OF China and onto For
mosa, Gen. Douglas Macarthur was
one Of Chiang's few remaining
friends. Messages of comfort and
announcement flowed regularly
from Tokyo headquarters to Taipeh.
all Of them stressing the first fact
Of military life for Chang:
Don't take your eyes OF the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Manila Pact

Late last week officials In the
State Department were at some
pains to explain that the treaty
signed in Manila last Wednesday
afternoon was not to be called
"SEATO" if this implied it was a
Far Eastern counterpart Of NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tom.
This new groupment, most out
side observers agree, has fewer teeth
than NATO. It has neither mill
tary organization nor an automatic
commitment to action in case of
attack. Congress, which would have
to vote most Of the funds to buy
those dentures. Is not favorably dis
posed toward so grandiose a pact.
Signatories therefore are avoiding
all talk of SEATO and referring to
the new treaty as the Manila Pact.
This, naturally delights the Philip
pines government.
Actually, three documents were
signed at Manila Wednesday:
. The treaty itself, written mainly
by the United States.
. A protocol designating Southern
Wet Nam, Cambodia and Laos as
additional, non-participating areas
to be protected. This was written
mainly by France.
. A Pacific Charter" committing
all signatories to promote self-gov-
eminent in Southeast Asia. Credit
for this went mainly to the Philip
pines.
The signatories (to all three) were
Great Britain, France, Australia,
New Zealand, the United States,
Thailand, Pakistan and the Philip
pines.
Territory Covered
There had been considerable
pessimism in Washington a few
weeks ago about getting our allies
to draw line" in Southeast Asia
across which the Communists dare
not step. But the Manila pact does
indeed draw such line. It Is o
complicated boundary that denies to
the Reds all Southeast Asian terri
tory and spheres Of influence" Of
the signatories, while carefully
excluding the territory Of countries
that took no part in the Manila
meeting. It does, however. admit
the possibility of extending the pro-
tective line" to include those coun-
tries at some later date.
Free Wet Nam, cambodia and
Laos got special status as protected
areas as a gimmick for getting
around Geneva Conference restric-
tons.
Aggression and Subversion
Both armed aggression and less
overt threats to sovereignty are
guarded against In Article ". the
core Of the Manila Pact.
Armed aggression. the treaty pro-
vides. win be met by each state Sin
accordance with its constitutional
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
dtonewhu

processes" This is assumed to mean,
in the case Of the United States,
that Communist attack on Thai
land, Pakistan, the Philippines. Ma
laya. British Borneo, Australia or
New Zealand automatically would
send President Eisenhower to Con-
gress with request for a declara-
ton of war.
Red attacks on free Wet Nam,
Cambodia or Laos would have the
same effect. except that these three
governments would have to invite
help or agree to take it.
Any signers of the Manila Pact
can call for consultation of all
members If that nation regards itself
as being imperiled.
Wanted-More Members
The pact also sets up machinery
to admit other Communist
powers to the Manila organization.
Pakistan and the Philippines are
said to be rushing Ceylon and Burma
with some hope Of pledging those
states. II Burma joins, q gaping
hole in the Southeast Asian defense
line will be filled.
The United States made one sig
nificant reservation to its participa-
ton in the alliance. It would act
automatically only in case Of a
Communist attack, Secretary Dulles
insisted. No official reasons have yet
been made public for this curious
differentiation, which none of the
other signatories worried about.
Apparently Mr.. Dulles did not
want to commit this country to act
automatically in such q case as
new flare-up in the India-P akistan
dispute, or as a result Of some nom
Communist internal revolt, like one
of Thailand's frequent coups d'etat.
An instance of mont Communist
aggression would, however, bring the
United States into consultation With
the Manila powers. Out of these con-
situations more positive action could
easily develop.
Economic Aspects
The answer to Communist sub
version, of course, is neither paper
pacts nor guns. The Reds just proved
that all over again in Wet Nam.
Thwarting subversion is best done
with an ounce of prevention. in this
case raising living standards out of
the reach of Communist exploita-
ton.
The Manila Pact provides that all
eight members-and the three Ind0-
Chinese states-will cooperate lin
the further development I. to pro-
mote economic progress and social
well-being."
This will no doubt cost the Ameri-
can taxpayer money. But it also is
calculated to have the effect of de-
veloping friendly relations among
non-C Communist ASiatics. There Is
even some hope that the reluctant
Colombo powers can find 1t In their
hearts to cooperate in this phase
of the Manila Pact program.
Poetic Charter
At the instance of President
Ramon Magsaysay and his associ-
ates in the host government. the
two colonial powers-G Great Britain
and France consented to reaf-
firmation Of their intention to
relinquish their grip on peoples and
territories of Asia as quickly as the
people there are ready to take over
their own affairs.
This renewed pledge. which all
parties to the treaty signed. was
written into the preamble to the
treaty, then expanded In the
special Pacific Charter" resolution.
It was probably the instrument
which Filipinos and Pakistanis hoped
would influence other Asiatic coun-
tries to Join.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Washington

The Districts indignation, which
begins tomorrow, is a "phased"
operation, rather than an about
one, Thoughts School Supt. Hobart
M. Corning has said-there is no
longer a segregated school system
LIN Washington. For the present
term, new students and transfer
students will be assigned to schools
on a geographic rather than racial
basis, while old students will con-
tinue to attend their former schools.
The apparent result will be that
most, if not all, schools in the Dis
trict will have racial minority Of
at least one student in the term
opening tomorrow.
Cities Compared
Solely from the standpoint of size,
the situations of Baltimore and
Washington are not dissimilar.
Baltimore's population is about
$4,000 and Washington's is about
$4,000. The Maryland city has
about 143 900 students in its public
schools, and the District has ap-
proximately 100000.
But in racial composition the two
student bodies are vastly different.
There are about 81 Negro students
to every 100 whites in Baltimore.
In Washington the proportion Is
about 1870 Negroes to 100 whites.
= Suits to block Indignation were
fled In both cities as result of
School Board plans.
In the Capital, Injunction pro-
ceedings were brought by the ell
white Federation of Citizens Associ-
atoms in U. S. District Court for the
District of Columbia. The suit, had
it been successful, would have halted
mixing of races in District schools.
But Judge Henry Schweinhaut re-
fused to grant a restraining order.
And in Baltimore, a superior court
Judge acted on suit against the
Board of School Commissioners. He
ordered the board to show why
schools should not be put back on a
segregated basis. The board has un-
til September "a to submit its
answer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

regardless of race. would be given
a choice of schools. The result was
that out of ITO Negro students in
the county, 1853 chose to remain at
Negro schools and one "a seventh
grade Crib enrolled in white school.
None of the 1900 white students
chose Negro schools. Anti-integra-
ton forces claim that the races pre-
fer to stay by themselves
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Baltimore

Maryland's largest city Is the Free
States sole exception to the rule
or maintaining the status puo until
the Supreme Court makes its final