davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-01-10

farm program will not look greatly
different from an early Demo-
cratic plan (under a revision Of
which the Government is operat-
ing today. This program called
for a gradual change to flexible
price supports.
Always knotty problem for any
administration is how to dump
existing farm Surpluses, which now
include half a billion pounds of
cotton linters, 800 million pounds
of cottonseed oil, half billion
bushels each of corn and wheat,
nearly 100 million pounds of wool,
a quarter of a billion pounds each
Of cheese and butter, and enough
dried milk to make more than half
abillion gallons of fluid. The Pres
ident suggested Stockpili1lg. erner-
gency grants, disaster relief and
school lunches as ways of elimi-
mating surpluses without crippling
current production.
Evening star., 1954-01-10

IF THERE WAS any doubt in
l. President Eisenhower's mind
about the outstanding political
issue of 1854, it should have been
dispelled at 1888 pm. Thursday.
At that moment, the Chief Ex-
ecutive already had discussed, in
his state-of of-the- Union message,
the general aims of the admins
tration and plans for foreign af-
fairs, foreign aid, atomic energy
and defense.
Then he began an internal Sc
curity discussion that nearly took
the roof of the House chamber In
the Capitol Building. Said the
President:
The subversive character Of the Com
munist Porty in the United States hos
been cleorb demonstrated in many woys.
including court proceedings. We should
recognize by law Q foet thdt 10 plain to
oil thoughtful eitixens-thet we ore deal-
ing here with octions okin to Treason
thot when citizen knowingly poFtici-
potes in the Communist conspiracy he
no longer holds allegiance to the United
Stotes.
recommend thot Congress enoct leg
islotion to provide thot citizen Of the
United Stotes who is convicted in the
courts Of hereafter conspirins to odvo-
cote The overthrow Of the Government
by force o. violence, he be treated %
having by such oct renounced his a.
Iesienea to the United States and for
fsited his United Stetss citizenship.
1t took 20 seconds for the Presi-
dent to utter the first Of these two
paragraphS-and rs seconds for
the applause and cheering of Con-
gresS to die down so he could con-
tinue. The second paragraph took
% secondS-and was cheered for
II.
Congressional reaction, far more
favorable than to any other part
of the message, raised the question
of just what the proposal meant.
This week end, the answer still was
in doubt. But many persons sus-
pected that the high point In the
Presidents address had originated
as a more or less offhand remark,
inserted into the body of a broad
and meaningful message.
Evening star., 1954-01-10

partments, but is close to the
heart of every American: The right
of full citizenship.
One paragraph of this section
dealt with the District of Columbia.
1.-THE time is long overdue for
granting national suffrage to its
citizens" the President said, land
also applying the principle of local
government to the Nations
Capital. / urge the Congress to
move promptly in this direction
and also to revise District revenue
measures to provide needed public
works improvements" The Presi-
dents suffrage plan appeared to
embody both the ''home rule" and
national representation" formulas
which are alternatively suggested
by many District groups.
The Chief Executive also urged
the prompt admission of Hawaii
to the Union, Republican plat
form promise. He said nothing,
however, about the normally Dem
ocratic Territory of Alaska, many
of whose citizens also want state
hood.
Also recommended was uniform
ity among State laws on soldier
voting, and constitutional amend
ment giving the vote to citizens
at their 18th birthday. This last
provision would add an estimated
81 million persons to the voters
eligible lists. Already, 177,0OO
youngsters of 18, 19 and 20 have
the vote in Georgia, only State in
the Union that grants suffrage to
persons under 81.
Evening star., 1954-01-10
Welfare

BY the applause meter" the
most popular part of Gen. Eisen-
hower's discussion of welfare plans
was essentially a negative one:
II am fatty opposed to the
socialization of medicine" Except
for the Red issue, this drew the
days only cheers.
There was no applause, however,
when the President went on to say
that ''the Federal Government can
do many helpful things and still
avoid the socialization of medi-
cine"
In this respect, a remark about
labor received similar reaction.
The legislators applauded for nine
seconds when the President said:
"The Labor Management Rela-
tionS Act of 1947 is basically
sound law" But they sat silently
as he announced the transmission
tomorrow of message containing
suggestions for changes designed
to reinforce the objectives of the
act"
One point in the welfare section
that created considerable interest
was the Presidents suggestion for
a limited Government reinsur-
ance service (that) would permit
the private and non-profit inSur-
ance companies to offer broader
(hospitalization) protection to
more of the many families which
want and should have it," Details
of the plan are being kept un-
der wraps by the Department Of
Health, Education and Welfare
until a special message goes to
the Hill on January 18.
Other Measures
Elsewhere in the field of health,
the President called for broader
Government encouragement of re-
search and hospital construction.
On education, Gen. Eisenhower
made no specific recommendations,
but expressed the hope that
series of State and national con-
ferences might come up with an
swers that would help in coping
with the school and teacher
shortages.
In the field of housing, the Chief
Executive mentioned five recon-
mendations that would be included
in the January Is message. mo
good American family should hon
estly have to be ashamed of its
home" the President asserted.
Evening star., 1954-01-10
Crises

DOTH FRANCE and Italy went
- through prolonged cabinet
crises last summer that stemmed
from similar causes: No parlia-
mentary party had the strength to
form a solid government; minority
parties were not willing to join a
coalition behind strong Premier.
The two countries got around
their difficulties in roughly the
same manner: They postponed the
issue by picking "caretaker" Pre-
Evening star., 1954-01-10

one of the Presidents three COM
partments. While trade is a requi-
site for free-world security, its
economic aspects also are obvious.
Listeners Reactions
To many observers, the reactions
of the listening Congress were as
revealing as the Presidents propo-
sails. For instance, there was sub
stantial applause. when the Chief
Executive said, in regard to defense
planning:
while determined to use atomic
power to serve the usages of peace,
we take into full account our great
and growing number of nuclear
weapons and the most effective
means of using them against an
aggressor if they are needed to
preserve our freedom"
But there was no applause for
the passage that Immediately fol-
lowed:
"Our defense, therefore, will be
stronger If, under appropriate Sc
curity safeguards, we share with
our allies certain knowledge of the.
tactical use of our nuclear weap-
ons. I urge the Congress to provide
the needed authority"
The President said the atom now
permits economies in manpower
and emphasis on air power. 1t is
an open secret-or at least mat
ter of speculation on which there
is broad agreement-that the
budget for. 1855 will be in the
neighborhood of SGT billion, awith
about $38 billion for defense, in
cluding a build-up in combat wings
for the Air Force and an increase
as we'll for the naval air arm. Army
and Navy strength will be cut.
while the Air Force will get small
increase in manpower.
d Troops ond Seowoy
With this smaller force, pro-
fessional cadre is more necessary
than ever, the President said. To
keep these professionals in uni
form, he appealed for more gen.
erous use of traditional benefits
important to service morale.
Among these are adequate living
quarters and family housing units,
and medical care for dependents"
The Chief Executive also limited at
a service pay raise.
. Like the question of foreign
trade, that of the st. Lawrence
Seaway occupies two ,compart-
ments, those marked Freedom"
and Prosperity" Last year, Can
ada served notice that she will
proceed alone If the United States
does not join in building the lakes
to-the-sea ship route. The Presi-
dent urged Congress promptly to
approve our participation in its
construction While there is con-
siderable difference between clap
ping for proposal and voting for
it, 1t seemed significant that the
legislators broke into applause
after each of three consecutive
sentences in Gen. Eisenhower's
seaway remarks. The seaway is
high on the legislative calendar.
Internal Security
On the question of INTERNAL Sc
curity-the section of the address
that drew loudest and longest ap-
plause-the President had three
recommendations to make:
First, he asked Congress for
money to speed loyalty and Sc
curity clearances. In discussing
this matter, the President stated
that more than 1900 employees
have been separated from the Fed
eral Government" since new Sc
curity criteria went into effect. Up
until Thursday the figure univer-
sally used by administration Red
Evening star., 1954-01-10
Prosperity

In an address to the American
people last Monday night, PreSi-
dent Eisenhower partially re-
viewed the last year and partially
previewed the coming one. A ma
jor part of his. Monday speech
dealt with economic prospects for
1854 in light of recent forecasts of
an orthodox recession" from the
boom time highs of 1858.
On Thursday, he went into more
detail, and revealed the concern
with which the administration re-
CARDS economic prospects. Though
he minimized the extent of a
slump, the President went on to
outline measures that would be
suggested in the economic report
on January %. These-some of
which seemed reminiscent of the
pump printing" of the 1930s-in-
cluded:
o Flexible credit and debt man.
agement policies.
. Tax measures to stimulate con-
sumner and business spending.
. Suitable lending, guaranteeing,
insuring and grant-in-aid activ-
tiles.
. Strengthened old age and un-
employment insurance measures.
. Improved agricultural programs.
. Public works plans laid well in
advance.
Q Enlarged opportunities for in
ternational trade and investment.
IF new conditions arise that
Evening star., 1954-01-10
The ReoI Meaning

The core of the State-of-the-
Union message, by contrast with
the anti Communist passage, re-
ceived no applause. It came five
minutes after the President began
speaking.
Claiming that the Nation, in the
past year, had begun to take the
initiative in world affairs, the
Chief Executive said:
We shoII use this initiotive to promote
three brood purposes: First, to protect the
freedom Of our people; second, to moin-
toin a strong. growing economy; third. TO
concern ourselves with the humon prob
lens Of the individuol citizen.
To accomplish these ends, the
President submitted So legislative
proposals, and pointed out that
"others will, from time to time, be
submitted to Congress"
The address was long, as state
of-the-Union messages 60 (481a
minutes of speaking, interrupted
As times for a total of nearly S
minutes of applause), but 1t was
not particularly detailed. Precise
details were saved for these seven
messages to be delivered before
the end of this month (plus still
others later):
Agriculture, tomorrow.
Labor, tomorrow.
Welfare, Thursday.
Health, January 18.
Budget January 21.
Housing, January Is.
The economic report, January %.
Not all the So specific legislative
recommendations made in the ad-
dress fell neatly into one or an
other of the three compartments
labeled Freedom" prosperity"
and welfare" Some overlapped,
and for a few others the proper
compartment was not Immediately
obvious.
Yet, the speech definitely was
built around these three compart-
mentS. If Congress answers the
Presidents appeal-and its work
will be cut out for it to do so in
this short and intensely political
session-the Nation will get a
middle-of- f-the-road administration,
neither New Dealishly left nor Old
Guardishly right.
Here are the contents of the
three compartments.
Evening star., 1954-01-10

require additional administrative
or emergency legislative action"
the President added. "the admin
istration will stand ready"
AS the President spoke, a con-
troversy brewed over the state of
the Nations economic health. A
Tuesday report by the Commerce
Department showed 100000 newly
unemployed in December, and a
total of 1,85O,000 jobless in the
country. The gross unemployment
figure, according to Commerce
data, is up 425, 900 over December,
1852.
Government economists imme-
diately interpreted these figures
as indicating a "sounder base" to
the national economy than had
been believed to exist. But the
Congress of Industrial Organiza-
tions said the 1,850,0OO officially
jobless were only part of the pic
ture-that the number willing to
work but actually unemployed
stood at about 3,250,000.
On the budget itself-around
which all questions of freedom,
prosperity and welfare revolve in
modern timeS-the President had
no specific recommendations TO
make. This was as it should be:
The budget, when it is submitted
in II days, will be one big recon-
mendation-or, more accurately,
the sum of hundreds or thousands
of relatively little recommends
tions. He did, however, ask for an
increase in the debt limit-which
he failed to get last year.
The Budget
In general terms, the President
had this to say:
l. Spending in the coming year
will be lower and new appropria-
ton requests will be reduced.
2. The reduced spending will
move the new budget closer to a
balance.
3. With new money requests kept
below anticipated revenues. the
backlog of Korean-war contract
authority continues to be liuui-
dated
On the subject of taxes, the
President revealed that the budget
message would contain Is recon-
mendations for removing "the
more glaring tax inequities." In
cluded will be relief for dependent
children, aby-Sitter" allowances
for widows or widowers with chill
dren, and higher medical expense
allowances. There also will be some
tax relief for businesses.
But as was expected, Gen. Eisen-
hover renewed his demand for
the 52-per-cent corporation tax,
which is scheduled to drop to At
per cent in April, and retention of
certain excise taxes also slated for
April / reduction.
Peripheral to the matter of taxes
is that of postal rates. The Presi-
dent recommended passage of a
rate revision bill to yield $24O mil
lion additional in postal revenues.
He also suggested creation of
commission to establish "fair and
reasonable rates from time to time
in the future"
Agriculture
Turning to the explosive ques-
ton of agriculture, the President
offered the germ of a program
which, he said Ito loud, long ap-
plause), promises our farmers
higher and steadier financial re-
!. turn over the years than any al
tentative PLAN" The details will be
offered tomorrow in one Of the
first two of Gen. Eisenhower's sup
: Elemental messages. From the
Presidents description, the new
Evening star., 1954-01-10
Right to Vote

A brief section toward the end
of the Presidents address dealt
with subject that did not fit
neatly into any of the three COM
Evening star., 1954-01-10
Italy

premier Giuseppe Peua was
overthrown in Rome by action
of his own party-action which
pushed Italy to the brink Of q
national crisis. Here is the back
ground:
Last June, Italy voted for a new
Parliament. The law said any
party or working coalition receiv-
ing a majority of the votes would
automatically got at least IS per
cent Of the parliamentary seats,
so as to have a stable base for q
government.
When the vote was announced,
Premier Alcide de GaSperi's center
coalition lacked $1,000 votes of
having majority. There were Is
million challenged ballots, still un-
counted, but De Gasperi did not
think they would change the out
come. He accepted the early count
and took only the 40 per cent Of
seats which his own Christian
Democratic Party had won.
Predictably, the De Gasperi ef-
fort at government failed. So did
another hopeful's attempt. Par
lament finally agreed on Pella,
another Christian Democrat, as a
compromise "caretaker."
Bod Guess
BY last fall, however, enough
invalid" ballots had been counted
to assure majority to De Gasperi
had he waited. This remained a
secret among Italian politicos un-
til it was passed on to foreign
newSmen as early as October.
Meanwhile, Caretaker Pella held
on to his high Office. No one
wanted to talk about the recount
for two equally unpleasant rea-
sons The result would have been
a new election (Which no party
wanted) or the custer of 70 right
and left wing deputies (who would
have refused to leave).
Lately, however, Pella's support
in the left wing segment of the
Christian Democratic Party de-
creased. Particularly objection
able was Pella's demand that
Trieste be settled before ratifica-
ton of EDO.
De Gosper1s Role
De Gasperi, named the partys
secretary general, tried to rally
support for Pella and also prodded
the Premier to keep to moderate
liberal path. Unity was considered
essential, since CDis the only large,
stable and moderate party in Italy.
But last week De GaSperi failed.
Pella deserted the middle road to
name new conservative secretary
of agriculture. The liberals dis
approved, and Pella resigned.
De Gasperi rushed in to find an
acceptable moderate liberal for the
premiership. AS of now, the out
come is in doubt.
The developments worried the
United States. A Premier from
CD'S left wing might we'll bring
the fellow-traveling Socialists of
Pietro Nenni into the government,
and this might put Italy on the
road to Moscow. On the other hand,
a rightist Premier might block
ratification of EDO.
The alternative might be a
new election and, with the
Continued on Page A-29)
Evening star., 1954-01-10

hunters to herald their success was
lisa figure for which there
had been only the most nebulous
breakdown as to types of f1rings.
Gen. Eisenhower'S 1900 figure was
not broken down in any way, such
as how many Communists, how
many perverts, how many drunk
ards, and so forth. On Friday.
representative st. George, New
York Republican, set actual Sc
curity-risk de., Communist or pro-
Communist firings at fewer than
$50.
Second, the President recon-
mended revocation of citizenship
i'm the case of certain subversives.
Apparently. his aim was to put
Smith Act violations into the same
category OF seriousness as treason
and armed rebellion. But even
high officials of the administra-
ton were at loss to understand
how the proposal would work-or
why 1t was suggested. There might
be grave spiritual differences be-
tween being merely a felon bereft
of his civil rights and being a man
without country. But the prac-
tical differences seemed rather
small. Nevertheless, the proposal
received wide support on the Hill.
Within minutes after the President
suggested it, Senator Margaret
Chase Smith. Maine Republican,
put into the hopper bill to make
the Presidents suggestion law.
Later, Senator Smith recalled she
had been proposing the same thing
as part of a bill outlawing the
Communist Party.
Third, the President announced
that Attorney General Brownell
would recommend to appropriate
committees needed additional le-
gal weapons with which to combat
subversion :" He was referring
to proposals to authorize the tap
ping of telephone lines in espio-
mage cases, and to grant immunity
from prosecution in certain cases
where witnesses have invoked the
constitutional right against self
incrimination.
Evening star., 1954-01-10

miers who would keep the ma
chinery of government running
but would not make decisions on
major issues. The basic problems
created by the splintered Parlia-
mentS were never solved, however,
and the caretakers stayed in Office.
Last week the inherent insta-
bility of the two Parliaments again
brought cabinet crises. This time
the results were dissimilar.
France
Premier Joseph Laniel forced
the issue in Paris. He had been
put into Office with instructions.
in effect, to do nothing; but on
January n his government will
have to 60 to the Berlin Big Four
conference and be counted on sew
eral major issues. Last week, M.
Laniel said Parliament should de-
eide well in advance Of the meet
ing whether it had confidence In
his government or not. If so, he
would 60 to Berlin. If not, the
Parliament should accept his
resignation.
The vote came on Wednesday.
M. Laniel made a short statement
of policy-domestic, strict econ
omy; foreign, a vote on the Euro
pean Defense Community within
a few weeks" after the Berlin con-
ference and rejection of "unofn-
cial" Communist peace bids In
1ndo-C China.
A Meoeer Proerom
It was a meager program, but
the National Assembly had the
choice of agreeing to it or agreeing
on another more dynamic Pre-
mier. Assembly members stood no
closer together last week than they
had last June, so they made the
same choice: Laniel, by the wide
margin (for France) of 319 to 249.
M. Laniel's support came from
the center and right. The follow
ers of Gen. Charles de Gaulle, q
rightiSt faction, are firmly opposed
to EDO. Many centerists favor it.
So even at Berlin, indecisive France
will be undecided on the very plan
France originally proposed as the
cornerstone of European defense
and the solution of the German
problem.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-06-01
|Batchelo1: Signs
|No1l-Red Pledge

SAN ANTONIO, Tex. HAOne Of
the u. S. soldiers who first refused
repatriation while a prisoner Of
the Communists in Korea has
signed a non-C Communist affidavit.
Cpl. Claude Bachelor. q, Of
Kermit, Tex, signed the affidavit
yesterday at Fort Sam Houston's
post prison. It clears the way for
him to collect about $1,000 in back
pay.
Bachelors civilian counsel, Joel
Westbrook, said part of the money
would be used in the corporal's
defense. The rest, the lawyer said,
will be used to bring Kyoto, Hatch.
elor's japanese wife, to this coun.
try from Tokyo, where she is Nv-
ing with her family.
Bachelor is imprisoned while the
Army investigates the possibility
of court-martialing him on charges
of collaborating with, the enemy
while prisoner Of war.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-06-01
By BILL sPIlLMAN

One hundred and twenty child
rem Of all ages were counted Fri
day night at Bayview Park for the
weekly roller skating party.
The Friday night affair for chill
dren is one of the many activities
under the auspices Of Mrs. Doris
Thompson, playground director Of
Bayview Park.
Mrs. Thompson is aided by her
husband, Lee Thompson, in direct
ing the play Of the many syolngs-
tiers who show; up at the cement
basketball court between 4 and
$50 pm. on Friday with their
roller skates on. Music for the
skating Is furnished By . victrola
and loudspeaker set up for the oc-
casion. y
Mrs. Nhompson,s love for chill.
dren entices her to work very
hard for their enjoyment. Last
year she taught many kinds d
handicrafts to children who came
10 the park in the afternoon. When
asked to define the handicrafts that
she taught, she said, "Just all sorts
OF Inexpensive arts, like finger
painting, weaving, Knitting and
things like that. I taught Just q.
bout anything the children loved ia
do"
Mrs. Thompson has been work.