davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
By John w. Thompson, Jr.

Oy Jonn w. thompson, ".
Reaches Run it is hardly like
ly that Congress will ap-
prove 1t.
This could mean that, If
any bridge is built. 1t may be
at Jones Point. which has no
strong opponents. if indeed
any. But even this is no
sure thing in view of Vir-
ginia's demonstrated unwill-
ingness to help pay the bills.
Redevelopment Test
There are interesting i'm
plications in the decision of
the Supreme Court to review
the constitutionality of the
Districts Land Redevelopment
Act.
In the first place, it will
mark the first test of the re-
development concept at this
judicial level. Other chal-
lenges have been handled at
the State or lower Federal
court level.
Secondly. a special panel of
Appeals Court judges here has
held that the District act is
constitutional but limited the
plan being developed under it
may not be. The opinion
placed a narrow Interpretation
on redevelopment, virtually
restricting it to clearance or
prevention of Slums. This
holding has bothered District
redevelopers and privately
they have been hoping the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Special Questions

In the further oral argu-
mentS last December the
courts asked for answers to
several questions relating to
the intent and application of
the 14th amendment, the ex-
tent of judicial and congress
sional authority, and the me-
chanics of putting indignation
into effect II segregation were
ruled null and void. The
queries. stripped of legal
language. were substantially
these:
o In approving the 18th
amendment. did the 39th Con-
gress and the ratifying States
understand that 1t would abol-
ish segregation in public
schools?
. If that Congress or those
States did not understand the
amendment to require imme-
date abolition of school segre-
CATION, did the trainers con-
template that some future
Congress or court could legally
act under that amendment and
abolish segregation?
. Do the courts alone today
have power to interpret the
amendment. In itself, as abol-
iShing segregation?
. Assuming that segregation
were found unconstitutional.
would the court necessarily
have to order that Negro chill
dren should forthwith" be
admitted to schools Of their.
choice within limits of normal
geographic school districts? Or
would It have the right to al.
low IAN effective gradual adj
justment" from segregated to
integrated schools?
. How should 4 change-over
be worked out? Should the SUI
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Book Beer Season Is Upon Us

Historically, the ides of
March brings not only a stab
in the back for Caesar and a
pain in the pocketbook for
John Taxpayer, it brings as
well the dark brown beer at
the sign Of the gemuetlich
goat.
There are always a few
Wrong Thinkers who rush the
season. But the official word
from coast to coast is that
tomorrow-March Isis the
beginning Of the book beer
season.
Annually there are a num-
Der Of rumors about book that
have to be knocked down.
Chief among them is the no
ton that the heavy. dark
brew Is the windup Of last
years beer-making. and owes
its color and body to the fact
that the brewing watts are full
of last years sediment.
Nothing could be farther
from the truth, says Brew
master Frank Omlor Of Chris
tan Heurich's establishment
in Foggy Bottom. Actually.
the current outpouring of
book is the first brew Of the
1854 season, made in SPAR
king clean watts Of nothing
but the choicest ingredients.
Slightly More Authority
In fact. says Mr.. Omlor,
book is more expensive than
the lager you buy the rest of
the year. It's stronger in al
cohol, too. by a fraction of a
percentage point. Most Suds
run about 3.8 per cent. while
book packs a SO or 4 per cent
punch.
Another idea that has gained
wide currency is that for some
obscure natural reason or
other. book can be made only
in the springtime. Ptui, says
the brewing profession. IT
could be made all year around.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

case would go to the Supreme
Court and receive broader rul-
ing. even though, in a sense,
they won the Appeals Court
test. This broader holding
would seem to be essential to
the success Of the bold new
$500 million redevelopment
program proposed for South
west by the big New York firm
OF Webb & Knapp.
Wrapped up in the case Is
the question whether the TAX
ing Of private property by
condemnation. redeveloping it
and selling it to another
private owner is condemna-
ton for public purpose. The
power to condemn for public
use is well established. But is
what is contemplated here
public use? The three appeals
judges held that the taking"
was the important thing and
must be for public use. basil
cally the control of slums.
What happened to the prop
erty after it was taken did not
seem to be an issue. How will
the high court view this?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Metropolitan Scene
The E Street Bridge Looks Dead

Despite the Districts re-
bound suggestion of tunneling
under controversial Roosevelt
Island. it's a good bet that you
saw the death of the E street
bridge at the Capitol the other
day.
The fatal blow probably was
dealt by veteran Representa-
tive Howard Smith, Democrat,
Of Virginia, a House member
of influence not only in the
District Committee. but in the
powerful Rules Committee and
on the floor.
Two -Proneed Attock
Appearing as a witness at a
public hearing on the bridge
proposal, Mr.. Smith denounced
the whole concept of a span
at that site:
a. Because it would congest
further an already congested
area.
b. Because it would violate
an understanding between
Congress and the Theodore
Roosevelt Memorial Assocla-
ton if the span invaded Roose-
welt Island. He predicted Con-
greSs never would authorize
the bridge over the objections
of the association.
The net Of his testimony
was that everybody is just
wasting their time considering
E street.
The venerable Virginian is
not to be considered final au-
thority on any congestion that
might or might not develop
as a result of the bridge. That
is q technical matter better
left to highway engineers or
planners. But his considered
opinion on whether the House
would pass a bill which might
violate q congressional COM
pact with the association Is
very apt to be correct.
There is certainly little pros
pect that the Districts pro-
posed tunnel under the island
will be any more acceptable to
Mr.. Smith and the association
than the original plan. Strait
egy-wise, however. 1t has pro-
vided the District a lever for
reopening the hearings on the
subject.
Is Deoth at Hand?
II Mr.. Smiths apparent In
tent to spark the opposition
to the bill in the House does
mark the death Of the prof.
ect, 1t may also mark the
demise of any downtown
bridge. For it remains to be
seen whether supporters Of o
crossing at Reaches Run
which includes Mr.. Smith and
Federal planners-can muster
the strength to get it through.
It has been observed be-
fore in this column that the
struggle between E street ad-
herents and those supporting
Reaches Run could easily re-
suit in victory for neither. If
the Commissioners and their
supporters continue to oppose
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Strategy

lust BEFORE the Berlin
- conference opened In late
January. Secretary Dulles
made a widely heralded an
nouncement Of Americas new
global policy against agrees.
sion. The United States hence
forth would rely. Secretary
Dulles said. on massive re-
taliation' at places and times
OF our own choosing, not the
enemy's. The widely drawn
conclusion was that Mr.. Dulles
was putting Soviet. Russia. and
Communist China on notice
not 10 start any more little
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Varied Answers

District government. Noting
that the case here does not
come under the 14th amend
nlent, the corporation. coun-
sells office discussed princi-
paily the procedural questions.
It did not propose indefinite
or undue gradualism but it
said an immediate change
over would be impossible if
only because Of a need for
some new legislation and for
instruction of teachers in
group relations. In event Of a
ruling against segregation the
Supreme Court should remand
the case to the District Court,
the corporation counsel said.
1t should instruct that court
to prepare DEGREES ordering
immediate moves toward in
tegration, with periodic in
vestigations of progress. and
with complete indignation to
be accomplished by a definite
future date
Virginia. State officials con-
tended there is no substantial
evidence that the Congress
which approved or the States
which ratified the 1Ath
amendment intended that 1T
should wipe out school segre-
CATION. They maintained that
the courts have no power to do
SO and that any change is up
to the State Legislature. They
concluded that the court, If it
banned segregation. could per-
NIT an effective gradual adj
justment." But they warned
that ''precipitate" action
would do irreparahle harm.
They counseled that the case
be sent back to the lower court
for determination of an inte-
grafton process latter plans
for amalgamation have been
prepared and submitted to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

in the winter months-prob-
ably because cold beer and
cold weather are incompatible
to many people. Book, then,
Is a gimmick-produced to
stimulate business. Rare in
deed is the confirmed beer
drinker who can resist a shdl
or stein of book when the
weather starts moderating. It's
good for the liver and lights,
too. some book fanciers will
tell you. But that's probably
just an excuse. Undoubtedly,
sulphur and molasses would
have a few more adherents in
springtime II it contained SO
per cent alcohol and was
served cold.
0Idtimers' Test
Like most other stories about
book beer, the following one Is
probably a lot of nonsense, but
it's too good to pass up in any
discussion of the present har-
binger of spring. It's the
legend of the sitzprobe-or
ordeal by sitting" by which
the new run of book used to
be judged in the Old Country.
Come time to tap the vat,
the BrGeumeister would call in
a group of his friends. The
friends, wearing typical south
German leather breeches,
would line up at a bench on
which a quantity of the new
book had been poured.
Then they would sit down
on the bench and conduct a
symposium "a word derived
from Greek roots meaning
drinking together'D for an
hour or so. Meanwhile
the beer would be at work.
After a suitable interval, the
bench-sitters would be called
to attention. If the bench ad-
hered to their breeches and
left the floor when they stood,
the beer, was ready to drink.
II not. they tried again the
following week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Possible Effects

What will happen II segre-
CATION Is banned?
That is another and possibly
even longer story.
Justice jackson was about
the only one to utter a hint
about the future. Irrespective
of what the court might rule.
he remarked that Il foresee a
generation Of litigation"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
The Weeks News in Review

Last week. however. West Ger
many's Chancellor Adenauer
brought the day of reckoning
a step closer.
Armed with his impressive
victory at the polls last Sep
TENDER. the German. leader
dared to discuss yielding to the
French on Europeanization of
the coal-rich Saar territory.
Frances demand for settlement
of the Saar issue had been her
last major excuse for stalling
on EDO. DR.. Adenauer and
French Foreign Minister BIZ
dault agreed to discuss a plan
that would bring the Saar po-
litically under the Council Of
Europe as a sort Of District of
Columbia -to-be for the pro-
jected United States of Europe.
But economically. the plan
would tie Saarlanders to France
until the European political
community actually takes over.
Chancellor Adenauer expects
that time to come soon. Many
in France. of course. foresee
delays. There are almost as
many French misgivings about
European union as there are
about EDO. for the same rea-
son: The threat Of German
domination.
The Adenauer move indi-
Gates he is ready to risk politi-
cal storms at home to push
France toward European union.
France soon may be running
out of excuses to delay a Ma
tional Assembly vote on bring
ing Germany into European
army. That vote probably will
not come before April 26. OPEN
ing day for the Geneva con-
ference on Far Eastern affairs.
but it could possibly come be-
fore the parley closes. 1t is
highly doubtful. however. that
it will come in time to head
off an expected Communist Of
fer to trade negotiated peace
in Indo-C China for French re-
nunciation of edo.
Frances allies are still hop
ing that she will continue the
fight in do-China rather than
risk a negotiated defeat. Last
week it was Britain's turn to
give the French a "buck-up-
old-chap" speech. Malcolm
Macdonald, British High Com
missioner in Southeast Asia,
announced confidently that the
French plan for winning the
war 'is being successfully ac-
complished."
The Wet Mimi Communists,
meanwhile, tried to prove the
opposite. Some Of their guer-
rillas struck savagely at a stra-
tegic Red River delta airport
where United States techni-
clans are helping the French
keep their transport planes In
the air. So far. French Union
and Wet Namese forces have
been able to keep the raiders
from attacking Americans di-
rectly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

court for approval by local
school authorities.
South Carolina. Attorneys
for the State offered similar
arguments and advice. They
declared that even If the court
had authority to abolish segre-
cation it could not set itself
up as a super board of educa-
ton" to tell States how to
operate schools. They cited an
overwhelming preponderance
of historical and legal evil
dence" that originators of the
14th amendment did not in
tend it to affect school segre-
CATION.
Deldpare. State authorities
said their case poses no con-
stitutional question. They ex-
planned that their State court
did not rule on validity of seq
. regation but on an asserted
lack of equal facilities under
the segregated system directed
by the State constitution.
They commented. however.
that the debates in Congress
concerning the 14th amend
ment in the late 1860s give
strong evidence" that 1t was
thought to have no effect on
school segregation.
Kansas. Attorneys for the.
State and for the Topeka edu-
cation board which last Sep
TENDER ordered an end to
school segregation in that city
felt that the 14th amendment
never was intended to inter-
fere with State management
of public schools. They denied
that the Federal judiciary has
power to interfere with that
phase Of q States activities.
While agreeing that. If the
Supreme Court knocks down
segregation 1t could order a
gradual transition and instruct
lower courts to formulate de-
tailed DEGREES. the Kansas
officials declared their State
has fully demonstrated its de-
sire and ability to deal with
race relations 'in a manner
most beneficial to all con-
cerned."
Justice Department. OH
Gals told the court it can con-
stitutionally outlaw school
segregation. They said the
legislative history of the 14th
amendment Is mot" conclu-
sive." But they maintained
there was no doubt that the
amendment was designed to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
House

Motion by Lyle 3D., Tex.) to
eliminate tax on admissions
costing so cents or less. Re-
jected. 200-213.
For: Smith ID. Val.
Against: Small tR., Md: Broyhill
r.. Va; HYDE tR,, Md.
Passage Of excise tax reduce
ton act Of 1864. Passed. 411-3.
For: small. Eyds. Broyhill smith.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

CONTINUED From Page A-25J
recognizing the Kremlin
threat. Mr.. Dulles offered this
resolution:
The convention declares
that domination or control
of the political institutions Of
any American state by the in
ternational Communist move
ment. extending to this henni-
sphere the political system Of
an a-continental power
would constitute a threat to
the sovereignty and political
independence of the American
states, endangering the peace
of America. and would call for
appropriate action in accord
ance with existing treaties"
Only one country seemed un-
alterably opposed to the senti-
ment of the resolution. That
country was Guatemala. whose
government already apparently
is being Influenced by Com
munists. But the other coun-
tries wanted to add some fine
print to the document before
they considered signing.
Mexico wanted to condemn
Intervention by totalitarian
forces of any nature. That, the
Mexicans said, would make it
clear the group was against
Russian influence, not against
any native political philosophy.
Panama asked that the reso-
luton also condemn racial dis
elimination in the United
States Panama Canal
Zone. This, Panama said, would
eliminate one of communism's
biggest talking points in Latin
America.
The United States itself even
offered to amend the original
resolution to specify that the
joint anti-Communist policy
was designed to protect and
not to impair the inalienable
right of each American state
freely to choose its own form
of government and economic
system and to live its own So
cial and cultural life"
The Hesolution. Mr.. Dulles
said. would be in essence a
simple. clear and direct" warm
ing to the Kremlin to stay out
of American affairs.
The delegates tackled the
proposed resolution and
amendments paragraph by
paragraph. One of the first
votes showed Mr.. Dulles had
won. His key paragraph. la
beling Soviet communism a
threat, was approved II to /.
Guatemala voted no: Mexico
and Argentina abstained.
The outlook for a harmoni-
Gus meeting was improved
further when Mr.. Dulles
pledged last week that the
United States would work for
improved trade relations In the
hemisphere. He suggested a
special inter-American eco
nomic conference be held later
in Washington to work out the
details.
The restrained United States
attitude toward the Commu-
mist issue and the promise for
better trade left Mr.. Dulles in
an improved position at Cara
cas- as the week ended.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

wars If they wanted to avoid
United States atomic attack on
Moscow. Peiping. and other
centers of Red power.
But Mr.. Dulles left three big
questions hanging:
!. Who would throw the
massive retaliation instruments
into action?
2. Wouldn't 1t be dangerous
to put all our eggs in one
basket, concentrating on atomic
retaliatory power while cutting
down on the conventional arms
and such prosaic but important
military features as infantry?
3. Is the United States really
ready to start atomic World
War III over the next brush
fire" the Communists may set?
Last week, America looked
less like a country itching to
drop the first A-bomb.
President Eisenhower said at
his press conference that
There is going to be no in
Movement of America in war
unless 1t is a result Of the
constitutional process that is
placed upon Congress to de-
clare it." This was in response
to a question about possible
"step-by-step" involvement in
the Indo-China war.
1t was widely assumed that
the President had not meant
to tie his hands against instant
retaliation if attacked, or
against coming Immediately to
our European allies or Cam
ada's-or Latin Americas
defense. But Gen. Eisen-
hover had made it clear
that ip other cases Qocal wars,
for fflstance) Mr.. Dulles mas
sive retaliatory technique
would be subject to congress
sional consideration before the
switch would be thrown.
Joint Chiefs Of Staff Chair
man Arthur Radford. mean
while, emphatically amended
the Dulles line. The "new look"
came out in just about the
shape it had been before the
Dulles speech last January.
There would be more reliance
on atomic weapons, Admiral
Radford said, but ut is not
correct to say we are relying ex-
clusively on one weapon, or
one service. or that we are an
ticipating one kind of war"
Massive retaliation, then. will
be one of several methods,
rather than the only one, open
to Congress and the President
in event of new aggression.
The Eisenhower and Radford
statements. put together, pro-
vided the answer to the third
question, too. This country
would not pull the atomic trig-
ger the moment a new Com
munist subversive or aggressive
action erupted. The reason
went unsaid but 1t is obvious:
America itself is too vulnerable
to atomic attack.
The key decision, which Mr..
Dulles has overplayed, had
been taken by the National Sc
curity Council late last year.
1t was decided that the United
States would plan to use the
atom arsenal In all kinds Of
wars, big or small. wherever
it would be practical. Earlier
the atomic weapons had been
ticketed only for the show
down with Russia.
More emphasis on massive
retaliation thus will have eco
nomic as well as strategic adj
vantages, but it will not be the
panacea some had considered
a.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

pFeme Court issue detailed de-
creeS in the individual cases?
Should the court designate
special master to hear evidence
and suggest procedures? Should
the cases be sent back to lower
Federal courts in the respec-
tive jurisdictions? If so. what
methods, surveys or confer
ences should those courts use
in arriving at specific terms
of detailed DEGREES?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Frances Woes

IRON A PURELY academic
4 standpoint. the French Ma
tional Assembly has been ex-
traordinarily cunning in It's
almost three-year avoidance OF
a showdown on the European
Defense Community treaty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Announcing Visitors

Traffic Director George
Keneipp was SO impressed
with Police Chief Robert v.
Murray's system of having all
his visitors announced-even
his own staff-that he has in
augurated a similar plan. Some
of his staff are not too happy
about 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
Senate

Senute
Amendment by Anderson
D., N. Mex to grant state
hood to Alaska at the same
time as Hawaii. Agreed to,
46-43.
For: Butler (R., Md: BYRD Cd.
Val. Robertson ID, VAL.
Against: Beall (R., Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

Votes Of Maryland and Vir-
ginia Congressman on major
roll calls during, the period
March 6-12:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1954-06-25
Wall Washing 20 Yrs Exp housecieannu
Buckeye Window Cleaning co.
FE. 1855
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL

sELIG FENDER AND BODY SHOP
We take the dents cot Of aecidentss
30 =. Main s. "a. 47fA
CAPITAL CITY MOTORS, INC.
Your friendly downtown Mercury dealer
zsI q Brosd-Saies q serviea-AD. s11e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-26

HIS EASTER SUIT
- : 4
;, {k:,hIE1}

Mon-toiIored,. for boys. by the
outstanding maker of junior
clothing, these are suits with q
future.
l. Docron, royon and ocetote
woven to give q tweed effect, tor
an oII-oround suit for spring.
Three potch pockets, two-button
coot, pre-cuffed trousers. Blue
or ton etol2 1925
2. The sport coot. distInctlVely
STYLED by Chips. in pure wool,
summer weight Tweed blends
of coIors E tol2 14.95
With it, the 1870 royon. $3.50
nyIon Stacks by Phil Hous, Of Eol-
lywood style. To contrast or notch
to q sport coot, in navy. brown,
light blue or ton. 6 to II. 5.95
3. The eobordine suit Of nylon
and royon, "Repel-o-tized" for
protection oeoinst foods, soft
drinks, etc. Also spot, wrinkle and
water resistant. Navy, ton. 6 to
Y. 1875
WGL-The Boys Store, 4th Floor
-. also Chevy Chase and Alexandra
Evening star., 1954-08-22
Miss Chose
| I o Be Wed

Mr.. and Mrs. Russell c. Chase
Of Washington, formerly Of
Stoneham. Mass, announce the
engagement of their daughter
Barbara Joscelyn to Mr.. Gerald
Schug Gilbert. son Of Mr.. and
MRS. Floyd Greene Of Elmira,
N. x. An October wedding is
planned.
Miss Chase is q graduate Of
Lasell Junior College, Aburndale.
Mass.
Evening star., 1954-08-22

was active with the Community
Chest campaign and the surgical
dressing unit of the American
Cancer Society. She also worked
for the D. G. Board of Public
Welfare as Foster Care work
er. She resigned to take care of
her own child. The family now
lives in American University
Park. Little four -year-old Patty