davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

of the deposed PIP majority
leader, Cheddi Jagan, claims nine
labor unions in Venezuela have
launched protest movement
against the British action. When
Richard Westmass, another PIP
leader. was arrested recently, police
found in his possession a coded
message from Venezuela. More i'm
portant. the Venezuelan government
complained openly to Britain about
her treatment of PIP leaders in the
colony.
Venezuela is. of course. more in
tereSted in some British Guiana
territory it thinks should be Vene-
zuelan. This boundary dispute al
most caused a war between the
United States and Britain in the
1905. before the United States
brought pressure on Britain to ar
bitrate the dispute and then had
TO bring pressure on Venezuela to
accept the arbitration award. We
neZuela is still dissatisfied with the
settlement.
Janet, said to be the driving
force behind the PIP, also
claims support from the women
of Argentina" Whoever these
women are. it Is no surprise that
any force in Argentina will support
anything that boosts that country's
claim to the British-held Falkland
Islands. The same can be said for
Guatemala regarding the neighbor-
ing colony Of British Honduras,
claimed by all political factions in
Guatemala.
These issues explain why several
Latin American governments will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

got outlawed. Prestes once again
became fugitive.
Even as a fugitive, he remains a
powerful force In Brazilian politics
He has helped defeat q proposed
United States mutual assistance
pact and prevented United States de-
,velopment of Brazil's much-needed
oil. Recently he made an anti
United States drive the basis of his
party's new program. trying to ex-
plot the country's current wave Of
ultra nationalism.
Another Moloyo?
II Prestes has or should get Brit
ish Guiana'S Communist force under
his wing. several questions would
be raised. Will he direct q Com
munist drive in the tense, colonial
Caribbean possessions? Will he
start another Malaga and perhaps
tie down several free world divisions
in the Amazon jungles.
There is no doubt about another
course Of action being taken by
Peoples Progressive Party leaders in
British Guiana. They are doing
what the United States has feared
-mobilizing Latin American senti-
ment by picturing this British move
as a revival of the British colonial
ism that has so often stirred the
Americas. This is an issue they
can exploit among both Latin Amer
lean Communist movements and
reactionary governments. 1t is an
issue by which they may drive a
wedge between the United States
and Britain or between the U. S.
and its neighbors in the Americas.
Janet Jagan, Chicago-born wife
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

this or that program? Will the
farmer have good weather or bad?
Will defense needs grow or decline?
What will the Commodity Credit
Corp. spend?
The Eisenhower budget Is not
predicated on the development of
depression. It says So The budget
message states that it is based upon
the continuation of business con-
ditiops. personal income and cor
poration profits at substantially the
present high levels" It is this which
Senator Douglas calls unwarranted
optimism. But would this admin
istration-or any administration
budget for a depression ahead?
Hardly.
The budget, then, is really not
an attempt to predict, even though
the officials who frame it have to
attempt to peer more than 10
months into the opaque future.
Prediction is for the soothsayers.
And how often Washington sooth-
sayers have been wrong. entirely
wrong.
On this very question of an Amer
lean depression: It has been pre-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Revenue Estimating Has Always Been Risky Business Best

about. But a bigger Federal budget
deficit may mean less money in the
taxpayers pocketbook.
What the Senators are talking
about Is the probable course of bus
mess in this country during the
months ahead. When business is
poor peoples income Is reduced,
their taxes are less, the Government
revenues shrink and the Treasury
shows a deficit. The worse business
gets, the bigger the deficit. both be-
cause Government revenues shrink
and because the Government-in
all likelihood-Will deliberately step
up spending to support the economy.
What Democrats like Senator
Douglas have been saying lately is
that business and other economic
indicators are disturbing to peace Of
mind. Thus Mr.. Douglas: Unem-
ployed are beginning to show up in
numbers. Farm equipment. autos,
steel, radio and TV manufacturing
are lin grievous trouble" Heavy
goods. railroads, mail order and
other businesses are down. If it
turns into a depression the Govern
ment should reduce taxes and in
crease its spending, the Senator
holds. But in his view the present
budget is based on a too confident
and optimistic economic assumption.
Whom to Trust?
What is the reader to think?
Should he trust the administration
and its budget. or should he listen
to the Democrats and prepare for
hard times?
Revenue estimates for the budget
are made in the Treasury by staff
of economists whose duty it Is to
study and analyze the business sit
uation and outlook. They use all
available economic indicators. They
study industrial and farm produc-
ton, national income" the activity
Of separate industries and even
large individual companies. They
appraise the outlook for masses Of
individuals in different income
brackets: Farmers. factory workers.
businessmen.
At the same time they make what
they call reasonable assumptions"
They have to do q good deal Of
simple guessing. VIII Congress enact
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
-AP Photos.

Representative Mack said he has
so far received many favorable
letters. most of them from clergy
men" and no opposing mail. The
chances appear good that this bill
will eventually be passed.
Fifth-CIoss Nail?
A bill that has stirred up some
vigorous opposition is H. r. 6319
by Representative Withrow. Repub-
lican, Of Wisconsin. This proposal
would allow religious and other nom
profit publications to be sent as
fifth-class mail.
DR.. Louie D. Newton of Atlanta,
former president of the Southern
Baptist Convention, has pointed out
that this bill would permit exemp-
ton Of religious publications from
proposed increases in postal rates.
allowing an estimated differential
Of 81 per cent between religious
publications and secular publica-
tions.
Such exemption would mean
that our Baptist papers would re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

sible Amazon River area, adjacent
to the British Guiana border
His tumultuous political career be-
gan in 1924 when he joined Getulio
Vargas, now Brazil's President. In
an unsuccessful rebellion. For three
years afterward PreSteS led a re-
treating army from Southern Brazil
to Bahia in the north. then down
the Amazon to the Bolivian frontier.
While eluding government troops. he
fought Sc battles. set up several
shadow" states and made treaties
with hostile Indian tribes. This feat
has been compared with the long
march" of Mao Tse-tung in his rise
to power in China.
When President Vargas launched
a successful revolution in 1880.
Prestes returned to Brazil and
worked with his old collaboration for
while. After moving more to the
left. Prestes broke with Vargas and
went to school in Moscow. where he
became friendly. with two fellow
students - Mao Tse-tung and Ho
Chi-minh.
Returning to Brazil, the dapper
engineer organized the first Com
munist Party there. He led a Com
munist rebellion in 1885 and re-
ceived a 17-year prison sentence
But after nine years he made a
deal with President Vargas and was
soon busy rebuilding his party and
attending to his duties as executive
committeeman of the Comintern.
His party registered 10000 votes
and elected II Deputies in 1945
After 1t got 100000 votes, IA Depu-
ties and 2 Senators In 1913, it also
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
LowPoid Clergy Wants Social Security Seeks Tax Relief

ceive q substantial subsidy from
the Government, and that would
further mean that we would be
stopped from protesting any in
stance Of preaching the wall sep
arating church and state.
IF 1t is violation Of the cher
ished principle of separation Of
church and state to accept Govern
ment money for Baptist hospitals.
schools. 'orphanages and churches,
what. may I ask, would be the diff
ference in principle Of accepting
Government aid for our Baptist
papers?"
But a Methodist minister of Bag
ley. Wis. after reading what DR..
Newton said, changed his mind after
looking at the bill. II would oppose
a bill that only exempted religious
groups" he wrote Representative
Withrow. But since it is for all
non-proflt organizations let me as
sure you of my hearty support"
Prayer Room
Legislation authorizing the archi-
tect Of the Capitol to provide a
prayer room where members of Con-
gress may go for prayer and medi-
tation" appears to be well on its
way to passage.
An unusual measure seeking to
correct a need few would notice
has been introduced by Representa-
tive Cole. Republican. of New York.
H. r. 5475 provides $1,000 annually
as entertainment allowance" to the
chaplain of the United States Mill
tary Academy and of the United
States Naval Academy.
Last spring a chaplain at the
Naval Academy requested reaSsign-
ment. giving as his reason the fact
that his pay did not cover the lin
tied amount of informal entertain
ment for midshlpmen he thought
was necessary for a good liaison
adviser.
Congressman Cole, an elder in the
Bath IN. " Presbyterian Church
who has q particular interest in
naval affairs. thereupon introduced
his bill to give the chaplains spe-
clal consideration.
State Religion?
A Senate Joint resolution. S. j.
Res. 81. which appears to have little
chance of passage, proposes an
amendment to the Constitution
recognizing the authority and law
of Jesus Christ" It was introduced
by Senator Flanders, Republican, of
Vermont at the request of some
constituents.
The conservative religious pub
LEGATION. Signs of the Times. de-
clared such legislation is objection
able. even though it is the Christian
religion that it is designed to es-
tablish" because it would break
down the wall of separation between
religion and the state.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Unprecedented Honesty in Government
Leaves Voters BewiIdered but Proud
By Emil Zubryn

20-year-plan known as "the March
to the Sea" which will give Mexico
so ports. create a national merchant
marine and stabilize the morgan
lied, poorly financed and equipped
fishing industry.
Agriculture has probably received
more concentrated attention than
at any time in the past two decades.
President Confines has made avail
able more than billion pesos
(sl16.3 million) for agricultural de-
velopment, especially in programs
designed to improve the lot OF the
campeSlnoS, or small farmers.
. This agricultural revolution, which
will receive further huge federal aid.
will even undertake the mass trans
fer of thousands upon thousands OF
farm families from overpopulated
and arid sections of Mexico to lush.
heretofore unexpected lands along
both coasts.
This time the farmers will not DO
transferred and then forgotten. Now
they will have homes built for them,
with sufficient liberal credits for
tools. work animals, seed and all
else necessary to assure a livelihood.
Irrigation is another major task
being tackled by an administration
that actually is retaining former
arid lands through series OF dams.
irrigation canals and water wells.
Other Promises
Schools and an intensified drive
against illiteracy; more hospitals
and a step-up in social security and
moderniZation of the communica-
tions field are other presidential
promises that are being kept.
The National Railways OF Mexico
are operating on small profit mar
gin for the first time in its history,
with further rehabilitation and &C
QUESTION of new equipment planned.
Mexico is also expanding its aviation
facilities within it's borders, as well
as establishing new international air
pacts linking the republic with tho
world.
The first hating steps of Mexico's
economic rebirth have been taken
under the direction of an honest
man who is also a cautious one.
What he has achieved already has
done much to raise the standard Of
living of the average Mexican.
Much still remains to be done.
as the President himself admits.
and underground" graft, corrup-
ton and greed still flourish. But
Mexico has taken long forward
stride toward honest government and
social justice. with the foundation
for a new era now being laid by
President Confines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
By cospor Nonnes
Religious News Editor Of The Stur

The minister of mall Congre-
gational church in Nebraska re-
Gently wrote Representative Elliott,
Democrat, Of Alabama: Thinking
Of retirement about Is years from
now Is frightening. would like to
be under social security as am
citizen and q human being"
The letter is typical Of many Rep
resentative Elliott has been get
ting. His bill Is one Of several now
before Congress, permitting clergy
men to take part in social security
on a voluntary and sef-employ-
ment basis.
Another minister, from Connecti-
cut, states he knows many clergy
men, members of their denomina-
tons pension funds for 80 or more
years, who will never be able to
retire because they will receive
about $50 a month when they re-
tire. A man and his wife cannot live
on $50 month"
Daniels Prophecy
A Chicago clergyman quotes
passage from the Book Of Daniel:
1.-THE teachers shall shine as the
brightness of the armament, and
they that turn many to righteous
ness as the stars. forever and ever"
Every fine and beautiful" he
somewhat bitterly continues. II in
deed know there are thousands Of
retired ministers who. though poor.
have made, and yet make. many
rich; who. though they have nothing
of world goods, possess all spiritual
things.
yet in gratitude to such unSelhSh.
unworldly minded folk, and be-
cause their work for Christ and His
gospel means so much for our coun-
try. believe Congress should pass
your bill. In fact, I would be sur
pr1sed II there Is much, II any, oppo-
Sition to it,"
There = opposition to Repre-
sentAttves Elliott's bill. H. r. 22A9.
and to similar measures. But the OPP
ponsnts appear to be waging Q losing
fight, and as time goes on more
recruits join the ranks for the In
eluGion Of ministers in social Sc
eurity.
The social security bills are only
one phase Of legislation now In
Congress touching on religion and
elergymen. But it bulkS largest in
the minds Of ministers and the
public. Since 1t directly affects the
lives Of many people. it has aroused
the greatest discussion.
Church Stote Issue
The opposition to permitting the
inclusion Of ministers in social Sc
cur1ty can be briefly summarized-it
- feared that such q step would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
By Henry B. Lee

The specter of communism still
hovers about British Guiana in
South America. Before Britain sus-
pended the colonys new self-gov-
erning constitution last fall, lead
ers of the majority party were al
legged to be under direction of the
Cominform. Out of power now,
party remnants are apparently work
ing through Latin American Com
munist movements and fomenting
problems that could rock the inter-
American system.
One report has these remnants
of the Peoples Progressive Party
linking up with the outlawed, but
still potent, Communist movement
in Brazil. Although this report re-
mains unsubstantiated, the British
and Brazilian governments at least
suspect the two forces will attempt
a link. Police chiefs of the two
countries met at the border recently
to set up security check on Reds
crossing the boundary. Those travel
ing from British Guiana to Brazil
must now be certified as "non-Com-
munist."
The PresteS ThFeot
Even the prospect Of such a link
Is threatening. It would unite a
core Of well-trained agitators under
the leadership Of colorful Luis
Carlos Prestes. top international
Communist figure. In another I'M
substantiated report Prestes is said
to be building an army Of about
$4,000 Communists In the inacces-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

dicted at intervals every year since
before We day. Gunnar Myrdal.
Swedish economist, drew widespread
attention by his wartime predic-
tions Of the great American depres-
sion to follow victory. Now Colin
Clark. Australian economist, alarms
us with his dire forecast.
But we may take a tip from
Washington's Arthur F. Burns.
chairman of the Presidents Coun-
Gil Of Economic Advisers. He says:
THE gift of prophecy has never
loomed large in the endowment of
economists. whether lay or profess
Sional."
The Douglas subcommittee on
fiscal policies in 1850 pointed out
that economic forecasting is highly
imperfect at present and tax and
expenditure policies under present
procedures are very inflexible."
Post Guesses
Having in mind the limitations
on prophecy and the limited ration
Of pessimism which-quite UNDER
standably-the Treasury craftsmen
are permitted to indulge when con-
structing the Federal budget, it is
profitable to take look at how
past budget predictions have worked
out. Take. for instance, the reve-
nues actually collected by the Treas
ury in each Of the past Is fiscal
years as compared with the budget
estimates submitted to the Congress
in January Of the preceding fiscal
year. The following table shows
how actual revenues varied from
the estimates.
Percentage Of
voroition from
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

duced by Representative Mack,
Democrat, Of Illinois, Q Catholic.
As the Law. now stands, Q clergy
man who lives In Q dwelling fur
nished by the church does not have
to pay income tax on tho rental
value. But where q clergyman is
paid q specific rental allowance by
a congregation that does not have
a parsonage, he has to pay tax on
that money.
This Is discrimination" Repre-
sentative Mack said, and should be
corrected"
His bill provides that "a minister
may exclude from gross income that
part of his compensation which is
paid to him in lieu Of furnishing
him dwelling house" Servicemen
are allowed to deduct cash allow
ances for housing.
1t is obvious that a minister re-
ceiving $4,000 a year and a parson-
age. whose rental value is 500 a
month. is far better of for income
tax purposes that clergyman earn
ing $4,000 a year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

breach the historic principle Of sep
aration Of church and state.
Beptists and some Lutheran
church bodies have been most sen
htive on this point.
Individual ministers are rather
vehement in their feeling that the
State-church separation issue does
not apply here II social security
payments are made directly by
clergymen to the Government, with
out any payments by the churches"
This is possible by enrolling clergy
men as self employed" which
obliges the ministers to pay 3 per
cent Of their salaries annually into
the fund.
Tex Problem
A bill that seeks to equalize an
alleged inequity now resulting when
a minister receives cash for rental
purposes instead Of a manse is now
being considered by the House Ways
and Means Committee. The meas
ure, H. r. 4275, which will primarily
aid Protestant pastors. was intro
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

bring up the British Guiana ques-
ton at the Pan American Confer
ence that begins in Caracas March
2. It may be very difficult for the
United States to come away from
this conference without straining its
relations with either its British ally
or some Of the Latin American
republics.
Federation Movement
Another reaction to the British
clamp down on Reds is the revival
of movement to federate the three
Guianas-British, Dutch and French
and form a republic. Many con-
sentative and economic interests in
the Guianas have supported this.
desiring to move out of the sterling
area and form close economic links
with the United States. Proponents
claim they have a continental
destiny"
Britain. meanwhile. is trying to
establish political and economic
stability in its highly illiterate and
poverty stricken colony. Moderate
forces, once dispersed and ineffec-
tive against the well-organized
P. P. P, are now becoming united
under the National Democratic
Party. 1t is apt to play an impor-
tant role in Britains efforts to lead
its colony back on the road to self
government and eventual independ-
ence. Britain's task is formidable
one, especially since its strategic
and bauxite- rich colony has a part
on the stage Of contemporary world
politics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Mexico

MEXICO CITY. - Mexico has
weathered little more than a year
of an unprecedented phenomenon
an honest President and admin
istration. The man in the street
views this radical departure" with
genuine bewilderment, mingled with
a newborn pride.
President Adolfo Ruiz Confines,
mild-mannered, homely and unpre-
possessing, is wholly unlike the pop
ular Mexican concept of politi-
clan. His public utterances have
been singularly free of bombast and
the Latin tendency toward over
exaggeration. Sparse with prom
Uses, he has meticulously made good
on all that he has made.
Resolute Reform
Instead of being the docile figure
head of the Party of Revolutionary
Institutions (PRD which swept him
into Office, he has quietly but reso-
lutely welded an energetic broom
in a reform drive that has had no
precedent. Politicians and party
members, although they may be
inwardly resentful. have had to fall
in line and follow the presidential
lead.
This is no "age of plenty" for
the party in Mexico. Austerity is
the keyword.
In his acceptance speech. Presi-
dent Confines stressed that his adj
ministration would multiply it's eff
forts to bring about our common
ideals and unite all Mexicans in the
principles Of social justice" In the
same speech he stressed, too. his
determination to create a stronger
municipal organization" that would
be "authentically free, efficient and
honest" These are no mere idle
words as citizens and politicians
alike are beginning to discover.
President Confines has acted
ruthlessly against graft and cor
ruption and. to the amazement of
citizens, for the first time in the
history of Mexico. political "favors"
and protection" are non-existent.
AS a deterrent against official graft,
President Confines pushed the law
of responsibilities through Con-
gress. This required all government
employees from the President down
to the lowest clerk to declare their
possessions. On leaving office, rec
ords will be checked to see that
there has been no excessive fatten-
ing of bank balances, properties and
business ventures.
Another presidential promise, the
granting of equal political rights to
women, is now law. And the admin
istration has begun the ambitious