davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Breakdown on Crime

Washington has just had an impressive
demonstration of the effectiveness of relentless,
stern police work in combating crime. The
lesson emphasized by the death of two trapped
holdup men the capture of a robbery gang
as well as a number of lone wolves" and the
solution of more than thirty recent robberieS,
is not apt to be lost on other potential bandits
in this area.
Alarmed by the upSurge of seasonal hold
ups of liquor stores, gas stations and similar
establishments recently, Police Chief Murray,
with great secrecy, launched determined
counteroffensive about two weeks ago. series
of traps was spread throughout the city with
"plants" of policemen in places which had been
robbed before or which seemed likely prospects
for further robberies. This was admittedly
dangerous business for everybody concerned
for the police, who were cautioned against
firing unless they were certain they were aim
ing at a bandit, for the store owners and
employees who we're in" on the secret and for
the unSuspecting patrons and byStanders. 1t
is to the credit of the policemen involved that
the only victims of the armed surveillance
were the criminals who walked into the traps.
During the period of special vigilance every
member of the Police Department performed
hazardous extra night duties The press CO.
operated by withholding any reference to the
plants" There was full cooperation, Also by
commercial interests in all parts OF the District
In summation. the community has had proof
anew that crime can be controlled by vigorous
law enforcement, backed adequately by public
opinion. 1t may be assumed, of course, that the
increased vigilance will be continued as long as
necessary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Letters to The Star.
Pen-nan,es may be used il letters carry
iDriters' correct names and addresses
All letters are subject to condensation

mitments which their Government has
made, might do well to consider the
following. written in either 1916 or
l947. quote:
LAS a practicing warrior of many
years. 1 am convinced that war is COM
pletely futile. There is no place
in the world today for the narrow. COM
petitive nationalism that sparks the
finder of war. I am convinced that the
people of this planet must move inevi-
tably toward a single form of world
government If civilization is to survive
1t is our task now to see that this world
government comes as a mutual fedora
ton of free peoples rather than through
the ruthless domination of a master
slave state
The writer was no "dreamy-eyed
ldealist" or "leftist egghead," but Maj
Gen. Clair Chennault, then chief of the
air force of GeneraliSSimo Chang Kali
shek.
Mary Stuart Chamberlain.
There have been repeated statements
by those against the Bricker amend
ment that we can trust the treaty max
ing to two thirds of the Senator's.
Section Of our Constitution states that
two thirds of the Senators present
must concur Various international
agreements have been ratified by a
mere handful Of Senators. In case of a
quorum call, only one-half of the Sen
ators must be present.
Thomas Stokes states. as have others,
that there is no doubt that the Consti-
tuition is above any treaties which we
sign. He is hardly borne out by the late
Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes.
Mr.. Hughes, referring to the Missouri
VS.. Holland case before the American
Society of international Law in 1929.
stated that there is mo explicit limita-
ton" on treaty power and that he
would mot care to voice an opinion as
to the implied limitation on the treaty
making power: the Supreme Court has
expressed a doubt whether there could
be any SUCH"
To this amateur lawyer. this would
seem borne out by Article which
states, This Constitution and
all treaties made shall be the
supreme law of the land" This sug
gests equality of the Constitution and
treaties-the one to regulate affairs
within the Nation, the other to regulate
affairs between nations. In those days
there was no thought of controlling
many facets of human relations which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01

are now presumed by some to be inter-
national concern and subject to control
within national borders by an interna-
tional group.
Reader.
Some Northern anti-Slavery men re-
garded the Constitution as covenant
with death and an agreement with
hell" and I've had the queasy feeling
right along that people for the Bricker
amendment regard our Constitution in
much the same way. l think it be-
comes clear why they do. Americans
pasSionately resent that provision of
the NATO treaty under which our SOL
diers now incur the risk of being tried
like common criminals by an uncom-
mon number of nations. If this be
polity. then in effect the President of
this country shall be put in irons. too.
Feeling runs high and it is no wonder
All in all, it looks like the Bricker
amendment Is already won and by
default. The Senate had no business
letting that pernicious NATO treaty
provision go through. However, I am
not entirely critical of our legislators.
No member of Congress can conceivably
give his full attention to the rash and
welter Of bills or treaties that come
up for enactment. Committee work
doesn't seem to be the bastion or the
guarantee it used to be, either. With
more and more legislation, what we
probably need is more and more men
in Congress Apportion it by the null
tiplicity of embryonic laws and things
might be better all around. All around
the world, as we'll. There's one rub:
Congress certainly has a more vital
job to do than continually locking the
stable after the horse is stolen.
Donna MARQUIS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Soviet Arms Spending and Ours

When it comes to national military expend-
itures Red Star, the Soviet armed forces news
paper apparently does not believe that what's
sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. AT
any rate, it has attacked President Eisenhower's
new budget with a vehemence suggesting that
it thinks it outrageous Of the United States to
arm itself against the threat inherent in what
the Kremlin is spending on its huge land armies,
air armadaS and hundreds of submarines
According to Red STAR the Presidents
budget is nothing but a program designed to
enable American aggressive circles" to CON
tinue their course of preparation for a new
war" In other words, even though our country
is planning to spend about 81 billion less in the
coming fiscal year than it is spending now on
its armed forces, the Soviet propagandiSts are
still mounting the lie that we are fendiShly
intent on starting a global conflict as soon
as we can. AS for the men of the Kremlin, OF
course, Red Star gives the impression that they
are devoting practically all but few of Russia's
rubles to completely peaceful pursuits.
However, despite this propaganda, the bleak
and simple truth is that the U. S.. S. R.. with its
slave labor and ruthless totalitarian regimenta-
ton, is investing vast sums of money in armed
power and that it gets much more of that COM
modify for its ruble OUTLAWS than the United
States can get for dollars-a fact that rules out
the possibility of accurately comparing the
Soviet and American budgets. Certainly.
although the Kremln claims that it has made
a reduction of about per cent in its current
military OUTLAWS, there is every reason to
believe that the cut is pure sham and that those
OUTLAWS actually are considerably greater than
ours.
One very good reason for this conclusion
Is the fact that the current Soviet budget sets
aside SO billion rubles for "other expenditures"
as against 435 billion for the same purpose in
the preceding budget-a huge increase in out
lays on things that the Kremlin refuses to
specify because they presumably include secret
military projects such as stepped-up production
of nuclear and thermometer weapons. In the
circumstances, Red Stars holier than thou
complaint seems ludicrouS. The defense spend
ing projected by the President, far from being
excessive, is relatively modest-and obviously
imperative-whe measured against the Malen-
kov regimes lavish investment in armed might.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01

cups. If each person who reads this
letter would drink one cup less each
day, that would do more to reduce the
price of coffee than all the professional
investigators could do. Just suppose
hundred thousand people saved one cup
Of good old Java each day for 80 days!
That would mean 100000 in our
purses. plus a hundred thousand pounds
If coffee stacked up on the grocers'
shelves. Multiply that by the millions of
families all over America who would be
able to save one or more cups a day
Within few months the dealers would
oe giving away a pound of coffee with
each l0-dollar order Of groceries. Think
of that!
Veteran Coffee Drinker.
With all this fuss and Tuning about
coffee prices. wouldn't some of our
wooden headed politicos be red in the
face If it should turn out that Brazil
and other coffee-raising countries had
been buying and storing coffee in order
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Stalking Wroiths

From haunt of Valley Forge he moUes.
unSmiling
As if to keep the match beside his men;
He stalks through maze of timeleSs
time ,Uithin
His realm that once he freed from
foreign tithing.
Another. tall and lank, head bo,Ded.
face wrtnkled,
He moUeS in thoughtful silence 'mong
the dead
To haunt our hiStory's page in DoUen
thread
OF gain or loss, In race or creed, all
mingled
They tDon their wurS, these patriots
nnbeguiling,
Earth bound. they made no compromise
1Dith sin
But no10. uneasy 1UrGithS, they grope
ahead
Lest ,ue betray the faith their battles
kindled
AmeIio Y. Christeson
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Broin Acid Discovered
In Howard u. Study
Polio Research Turns Up
unsupported Chemical

Discovery of hitherto unsuspected
brain acid"-apparently characteristic
OF brain tissue throughout the animal
kingdom-has just been announced by
three Howard University biochemists.
The discovery by Drs. F. Friedberg,
l.. M. Marshall and L. H. Newman Of
the Howard faculty came in the course
OF an intensive chemical analysis of
the brain under grant from the Ma
tional Foundation for Poliomyelitis
Study and is announced in the British
scientific journal. Nature.
This brain acid, DR.. Friedberg ex-
planned is unrecorded in chemical text
books, has not been thoroughly ana
lyZed. and does not fit into any chem
ical order which could be deduced for
animal tissue. 1t consists of approx
mately 81 per cent carbon and 10 per
cent hydrogen with other as yet I'M
known constituents.
Thinking Not Involved.
1t seems to occur in brain tissue
throughout nature. The Howard Uni
versity scientists have found it in brains
of guinea pigs, mice, rabbits. turtles
and chickens. Its function is unknown.
but it may play part in the extremely
complicated brain metaboliSm which
differs from that of other body tissues
It's occurrence in lower animals, how
ever, would seem to. eliminate any
function in higher orders of thinking.
The chemistry of the brain, DR..
Friedberg explains, still is imperfectly
known although several textbooks have
been written on the subject. The inter-
est of the Polio Foundation, it is an
nounced, Is not due to the conviction
that brain chemistry has any direct
relation to the paralyzing disease but
any findings concerning the nervous
system may have an indirect relation.
Chemical analysis Of brain tissue.
the Howard scientists say. otherwise has
yielded an anticipated mixture of free
fatty acids. and fumaric. Tactic and sue
Clinic acids.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Radios Plot Sea Currents.

Free-drifting automatic radio trans
mitters, launched from Bermuda with
a variety of recording instruments, are
providing a new kind of map of the
North Atlantic.
1t is proving tangled skein of criss-
crossing, suddenly appearing and dis
appearing rivers in the sea- existence Of
which hitherto had not been suspected.
The "sea-sondes" are based on the
same principle as the radioSondes used
by meteorologiSts for observing wind
directions humidity and temperatures
in the upper air, according to a report
on the project to the Office of Naval Re-
search by DR.. Henry Stommel, research
associate of the Woods Hole Ocea-
nographic Institute. The work is under
Navy auspices.
An automatic transmitter, connected
to buoy. is attached to compass Civ
ing direction of drift, and to instru-
ments recording wind and current
speeds and directions. Every half hour
signals are sent out which are picked
up by Bermuda receiving station and
interpreted
theoretically, DR.. Stommel says, the
whole surface of the North Atlantic can
be mapped in this way. Bermuda, he
points out, is like a floating platform"
IN the SargaSso sea, a land mass con-
veniently located and not large enough
to influence very much the behavior
OF the sea around it.
ttle-Known Picture.
The picture on the greater part of
this vast ocean area at present is
extremely superficial, DR.. Stommel de-
clareS. Major stable currents are known
from ship observations. There is only
a vague picture of wind and sea temp
eratures.
The chief problem under investiga-
ton is study of the surface currents
OF the central North Atlantic. The pilot
charts show very weak currents through
the entire area, of perhaps five miles a
day at the most. But two recent surveys
have shown that there are fairly large
irregular currents in the area, both in
the spring and fall. They are quite
strong, often amounting to more than
knot.
These currents show no obvious
period such as the tides. They are so
variable from place to place and time
to time that they almost certainly would
be averaged out in compiling pilot
charts from large numbers of ship
tracks.
Present indications, says DR.. Stom-
mel. are that these irregular currents
are due to winds, not only local winds
but also those at distances of several
hundred miles. With the drifting buoys
it is planned to locate them with more
precision and determine the influences
responsible for them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Three-Centers Hog Seots

In reference to the transit fare raise
to 20 cents, regular riders on the line
think it an outrage that they have to
pay the fares of school children-great
big boys and girls who ride for prac-
tically nothing all over the city.
Try to get seat. The 3-centers have
them all. while those who pay full fares
and too much for the service they get
stand packed in like sardines regardless
of their age.
Why doesn't Congress wake up and
make them pay at least a. half-fare?
Transit Rider.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Bricker Amendment

All OF the important arguments put
forth by the people who wish to change
a vital part of our National Charter by
making the Bricker amendment a part
of it were precisely answered just 166
years ago this spring. Alexander Ham,
ilton did it in his Federalist Papers.
Nos. 81 to lit inclusive, with special
attention given in Paper No. SO. and
in all Of No. rs, as to why the exact
wording Of the treaty-making clause
was chosen.
Suffice it to repeat that the treaty
making power is neither of the execu-
tive or legislative: it is a combination
of the two in one of the few instances
that such a method is resorted to in
the Constitution. It is, therefore. self
evident that should the President pro-
pose any treaty which vitality affects
the rights and privileges Of our coun-
trys citizens or States, we should have
to imagine the Senators. So of them
now. lax indeed. to permit such to
become the supreme law of the land
Executive agreements" that do likewise
can be nullif1edsby any citizen by asking
the Supreme Court to declare them
beyond the scope Of the Presidents
power-he. like corporation president.
being no more than an agent in such
cases. The principal is the country'S
sovereignty which resides within each
individual citizen.
Consequently. the cure for the prob
lens which Senator Bricker and his
group imagine is merely for our Sena-
tors to be dutiful. Hamilton implies
as much. After ALL ours is a republic,
not democracy, hence our chosen
leaders are expected to exercise acumen.
Karl Haartz.
Andover, Mass.
The Juror over the Bricker resolution
has, believe, rendered valuable service
in clarifying the issues involved. I have
long been an active advocate of a sys-
tenn Of enforceable world law against
aggression, but had not dreamed that
so many citizens assumed that passage
of the Bricker amendment would pre-
clude United States adherence to and
participation in such system. Enforce
able law is not the product of treaty
but Of statute. which means legislation.
execution and judicial machinery; i.e..
government.
However, the women whose pictures
appear on Page AS of The Star, Janu-
airy 26, and who oppose the world COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01

ulative or monopolistic practices which may be
in violation Of law win be uncovered. In any
case, governments of the producing countries
have expressed concern at charges or even in
situations that they are parties to any price
squeeze" on the coffee drinking public An
official inquiry should provide an answer, clearly
desirable in the circumstances, even If 1t doesn't
bring back the five-cent cup Of coffee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
-Yardley, Baltimore Sun.

to give the growers 80 per cent OF
parity?
]. S. Smith.
A congressional investigation into the
price of coffee probably would accom-
plish little. but there is a remedy in
the hands Of the people: 1t is to quit
drinking coffee until the price comes
down to a reasonable figure. The mild
stimulus of coffee may be needed by
the. old and infirm, but millions of
healthy Americans need no such stimu-
liant, and in fact probably would be in
better health without it.
r. L. L. Hitler.
If every coffee drinker in the United
States would reduce his daily coffee
consumption by one cup. decrease in
the price of coffee would doubtless be
achieved more quickly and effectively
than by delegations to Washington and
congressional investigations.
- Gwen Hurd HempeI.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Coffee Drinkers Left Holding the Bag
TO the Editor Of The Star:

y the EulvOT OF the SIo4.
VXTHY not try velvet-bean coffee?
w Or do the people know what this
is? During World War many farm
ers in our community down South
(Alabama) made velvet-bean coffee
during that time Of depression and
hard knocks due to the ravages of war.
It's fairly good. too. It has little
sweet "ting" but when roasted right
and made right. it looks like coffee
and serves the same purpose. We
used to roast it and grind it in mammas
hand mill which could be adjusted
like a grist mill grinding corn. to fine
or percolator style A little chicory
added and you can't tell the differ
ence If you have the chicory)
The velvet bean Is rounded, sort Of
like a speckled pea only about three
times its size and several beans are
grown together In velvet" covered
pods. It is or was raised particularly
In the South and Southwestern States.
but as Of now is almost extinct.
recently called several seed stores
to ask if they had some velvet beans
explained about them but they had
never heard of them. I called the
Department of Agriculture and was
advised that they had bulletins on
velvet beans UP to 1896. So assume
that by this farmers have almost COM
pletely quit planting this bean.
If enough of these beans were avail
able for the whole country-we could
lick this high price coffee business.
Too. there may be other substitutes"
which may serve similar purpose as
the velvet bean. Maybe farmers next
year will plant an amount sufficient
to supply the country in the event
coffee prices are still up-and somebody
else may be left holding the bag.
Homer Brooks.
There is more to the coffee situation
than meets the eye and ear. Nobody
ever believes the explanation anyway.
Why should they? It's been pulled on
us before.
The last time coffee prices got out
OF hand the same statements were
made to fool the people. Later it came
out that it was not shortage or poor
season The real reason vas given
by an official of South American
country. He stated we had loaned
them money which they we're unable
to pay pack without raising the price
of coffee. In other words. we loaned
them millions, then paid the loan our
selves in addition.
Reader.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
By THE HASKINS SERVICE.

@. When ship travels eastward or
westward across the International Date
Line, are clocks changed at the moment
Of croSsing?-L I. B.
A. In actual practice the change Of
time is made at night regardless of the
true moment of crossing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Questions and Answers

reader can get the answer to any question
OF tact by writing The Evening Star Informa-
ion Bureau, 1900 Eye ST. NV, Washington
D. D. c. Please inclose three f3I cents for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01

@. What powers did people of an
cient times attribute to rubies?-P K.
A. The ancients considered the ruby
to be an antidote to poison, to preserve
persons from plague. to Danish grief.
to repress the ill effects of luxurieS. and
to divert the mind from evil thoughts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01
Reader.

Coffee! Coffee! Who has the answer?
I contend that the answer Is in the
hand of the American housewife. A
pound Of coffee makes an average of 80
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-01

to give the growers 80 per cent {
parity?
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1954-01-21
Commissioners Meeting

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN
That the Board of County Com.
missioners for Garrett County,
Maryland, will be in session for
the transaction of all routine bust
ness that may properly come be-
fore them on
MONDAY AND TUESDAY
FEBRUARY AND 2, 1854
BY order of the Board.
JESSE J. ASHBY. Clerk.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1954-01-21

do this or do that. Some otherwise
fine specimens Of humanity will
snort if player doesn't make a
basket when it appears from the
grandstand that he should. Or he
fumes under his breath if the ref
cree misses a step or a charge or
a hack.
III admit that sometimes | get
carried away and yell to the top of
my lungs, "shoot that ball"
TO save my soul when an oppos-
ing player opens up and makes a
beauty of a basket | can't hold back
from cheering him for all I'm
worth Then feel conspicuous for
people all around stare at me and
some Of them-oftcn my closest
kin, say disgustedly, Whose side
do you think you're on ?"
They don't seem to understand
that my great sports love is the
sport Of good performance.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1954-01-21
Parsons Cagers
Down Southern

Southern High school gave Par
sons cagers a battle for nearly
three quarters at Parsons last Fri
day night before bowling to the
Painters Is to 50. 1t was Parsons
18th straight victory and South
ems sixth loss in nine games
played.
Southern traiIed 10 to 20 at the
quarter but was ahead 80 to 81 at
the half. The Panthcrs regaincd
the lead 81 to IS at the end of the
third quarter and were never
beaded.
The score was tied 10 times, the
last being at 45. Charles Durbin
paced Southern with Is points on
seven field goals and two out of >
fouls. Other Southern scoring in
cluded f. Colaw 4, Friend 10, Stem
pie II, Savage 10, d. Colaw 2,
Bachtel 3. Non-scoring were T. Co
law, Glaze and Ruff.
Fairbanks scored 21 points for
Parsons and Long IS. Rosenau
scored Is, MullenaX IA, Bowley s,
Henry and FELTON, l each, and Nc
Donald 2.