davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-09-15

most modern highways where there are
no intersections, no traffic lights and
everything is built for speed I see the
posted speed limit on one of these high
ways is 20 miles per hour. On that high
way the commonest wreck is rear-end
collision. Hence, the great Importance
of complying with the law relative to
rear-end lighting. Laws prescribe very
defenitely what rear-end lighting must
be.
And do not forget those rear-view
mirrors. On our modern highways you
greatly need both forward and rear
views constantly. Is your rear view
mirror perfectly adjusted and the glass
not cracked? Are your sparkplugs
fouled? This can show up in poor geta-
way when you step down on the gas.
Check and re-check your car or truck.
You cannot afford to drive a death trap.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-09-15

considerable part OF the year, the
ground water invariably contains
enough alkali so that salts from the
evaporating water start to accumulate
on the soil surface. From moist
soil three feet or more of water is
likely to be evaporated each year and
within few years the alkali problem
is likely to become critical.
The only solution to the problem is
to keep the water table low enough so
ground water does not move to the soil
surface and we have a net downward
movement of water through the soil. To
keep the water table down it is fire.
quently necessary to construct supple
mental drainage.
1t is possible through what we can
salt or alkali balance studies to de-
termine the amount that is being car
ried to an area in the irrigation water
and the amount that is being car
ried away in drainage water. If the net
result is loss of alkali from the area,
we can be reasonably certain that
alkali accumulation will not cause per-
manent damage to the area We should
attempt to operate all irrigated areas
so that they have an annual net loss of
alkali from the area.
Second Problem
The second important type of alkali
problem is associated with sodium
from the alkali salts being absorbed on
the soil minerals or organic matter.
Under these conditions the soil may
not contain much salt but it will have
a highly alkaline reaction or high PHI
This is usually associated with the soil
becoming very hard or dense so that
it is difficult to cultivate and it
will not take water readily. This
usually occurs following the removal of
high concentration of soluble alkali
salts by teaching. Under irrigation this
condition is usually temporary, though
it may persist for many years.
Liberal application of manure OF
coarse organic matter is helpful. Spe
cial precautions are usually necessary
to get these soils wet during irrigation
Crop growth assists in breaking up tht
dense soil layer and in making tht
soil more easily managed. The applica
ton of gypsum at rates of or NOR,
tons per acre is frequently helpful
Sweet clover is one of the more toler
ant crops to the condition and its larg
top root system usually leave the sol
more mellow and easily worked.
Good soil management can usual
prevent the development of an aka
problem. The use of excessive amount
of irrigation water should be avoided
Drainage must be such that the waite
table does not rise close to the so
surface.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-09-15
Management Can Prevent
Soil Alkali Problems
By ]. c. HIDE

SOIL ALKALI causes two important
types of problems. Both can be pre-
vented or controlled by proper soil
management.
The first problem is caused by the
presence of excessive amounts of solu-
BILE alkali salts. Sodium and magnesium
are among the more common metallic
ions present and they are usually as
ISOLATED with sulfates, chlorides, nj
trates and carbonates.
Since most of these materials are
readily soluble in water they move
freely with soil water. In humid areas
where there is flow of water down.
ward through the soil to water table
and from the water table in the form
of springs to streams, the salts have
been removed from the soil and carried
to the ocean.
In most of our dryland area there is
not a general movement of water down.
ward through the soil but all the water
that enters the soil is again removed
at the surface by either evaporation or
plant growth. In these areas the water
table is maintained by downward flow
of water from areas where periodic
runoff causes water accumulation as
in streams or ponds. Since water does
not move downward through most of
the soil, salts formed through the
weathering of soil minerals tend to
accumulate in the soil.
Surface Accumulation
The evaporation of soil moisture in
which the salts are dissolved tends to
cause slight accumulation of salt on
the soil surface. Runoff from dashing
showers picks up some of this salt and
carries it to low places. This is the
source of the alkali that we often find
accumulated on the soil in dry seasonal
lake beds. Apart from the places where
water accumulates, alkali accumulation
is not usually great enough to cause
serious trouble.
When we start irrigating an area we
usually use enough water so there is
general downward flow through the
soil. This dissolves and carries the
soluble materials which have accumu
lated in the soil down to the watel
table. The additional water moving
downward also causes the water table
to rise. Thus, following irrigation tn,
water table comes closer to the surfac,
and the ground water becomes NOR
highly charged with alkali salts. TIL
ground water frequently remains salts
factory for domestic purposes. stocl
water or irrigation.
Evaporation From Water
Yet when the water table raise
close enough to the surface so that tn
surface soil remains moist during
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-09-15

flash lights. You are counting death to
do so.
And Windshield Wipers
8. One would not think thing as little
as a windshield wiper could cause a
wreck. Such a mechanical defect was
given in report by traffic officer in
my locality recently in reporting on a
wreck. 1t was dark, rainy day. Every
now and then there would come a regu-
lar cloud burst of rain, then it would let
up. During these heavy down-pours the
windshield wiper on the car that crash
ed failed to function and for the time
being the driver had almost no visibility
at all. His car and another crashed.
He had got over into the opposite line of
traffic because he could not see what
he was doing.
9. On long hauls on our newest and
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-09-15

flash lights. You are counting death to
do so,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30

Our pastor. Rev. l.. c. Harris
message was taken from the 10Th
chapter OF st. Matthew. 21st yer.
sc. The theme, Record Makers
and Record Breakers. are they
that never give up. We enjoyed
this message very much.
Senior Gospel choir and Musi-
cetts rendered soul stirring music
United with the church by Chris
tian experience were Mrs OZela
Rock. Ark. Miss Sylvia. a former
O'Neal, formerly of North Little
member OF Morning Star Baptist
church. Omaha, Nebr.. Mr. Will
liam !. johnson and master Ed
ward Young. We welcome you 10
the fold. Sorry our visitors failed
10 register However, we are very
happy 10 welcome you at all times.
Our sick. Mrs. Ruth Daley OF
2433 Fifth Az. s. and Mrs Alllne
Hanks. 1919 Clinton Av we are
praying for you and all OF our sick
everywhere, Gods speedy recov-
cry
Next Sunday August at 1870
p m. the Pastors Aid IL present
ing the Non Denominati onal
Choraliers under the leadership OF
Mrs Leona Bray. Mrs. Annie
Farmer, president and her CO.
workers extend TO one and all a
cordial invitation. Mrs Sarah
Benson, reporter.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
LAST OF THE CHIEFS

Minnesota has had many out
standing and interesting Indian
chiefs. The pictures Of many Of
them. with much information con-
corning them. can be found at the
Minnesota Historical Society.
These days an Indian chief has
little to do. He has some degree Of
responsibility In many Of the af-
fairs OF the tribesmen with whom
he lives. The big thinking for the
Indians Is done by Uncle Sam.
One OF the last of the Indian
chiefs. who died but a few years
ago. was the Chippewa, Bob Mos
ONO This man inherited his
leadership. He came from a long
line OF chieftains who ruled at
and near the headwaters OF the
Mississippi. His paternal ancestor,
four generations back. was Gay
Guay-Waum. which means. porcu-
pine skin. He was a leader among
the Chippewas in both Canada and
in Northern Minnesota. The next
in line was a son. Mah-Maun.
which means "to lift up. Bobs
grandfather was Wah-Nah ebay,
which means dirty skin. He fought
with the Siouxs and scalped one at
the place where the first river
enters Winnibigoshish. This chief
carried a gun which he bought for
one fish and the skins OF ten mink,
one beaver and bear. Bob's
father was given the Chippewa
name for the eagle and Bob was
the little eagle.
The last OF this line Of chief
tains was short, small. wore r
white mans coat with brass but
tons and smoked the white mans
cigar with great pleasure.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
A HUMBLE START

II a citizen Of the capital city
Of Minnesota were told that he
was a resident OF Pigs Eye" he
might be offended. But the records
OF the Minnesota Historical So
ciety show that the community
was given an ill-flavored named
when founded, in turn, upon the
name OF the uncouth character
who established the town.
The founder OF the now great
city OF st. Paul was wicked
man. one Pierre Parrant. He was
bad man who unlawfully sold
strong drink TO early residents,
white and red. He first took some
land down near the river but lost
IL on a ninety dollar note that ne
owed. While he was told TO stay
out OF the newly developing com
munity he moved right into the
heart Of the town and took land
which he later sold for ten dol
lars.
Parrant was described as
course. III looking, low browed
follow with only one eye and that
a sinister one" He went by the
name Of Pigs Eye and he gave
that name To the town.
In isti Father Lucian Galtier
came to Pigs Eye. He built a
small log church, a painting OF
which Is found In the Historical
Society. He raised the cross in a
community in need Of religious in
iluencc and the newly founded
town changed It's name from that
OF It's bootlegger TO that Of Us
patron saint.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
Five LoeoI
Women Amend
Summer School

The Mines. Wreatha Maxwell,
Celestial Fraction, Fred Down, s.
w. Carnes OF Minneapolis, and
Mrs. Bertha King Of ST. Paul, were
among representatives from ten
states In attendance at the Fart
bault Summer school of Christian
Education held in Faribault, MINI.
The school which IL under the
sponsorship OF the National coun-
ell Of Churches is a laboratory
school where teachers work with
the students who are taught reli-
gious education. The school Is in
REORGANIZATION and there were
eight different denominations rep
resented.
Mr.. John Wilson is dean of the
school. There were II faculty
members and 12s students. Mrs.
Bessie Chandler Rey Of 81. Louis.
Mo. was an instructor In kinder
garten work. Mrs. Wreatha Max
well. a 1913 graduate Of the school
is a faculty member. an instructor
of choral reading. AZ well AZ lib
rarian in which capacity she has
served for the past three years.
Mrs. Bertha King OF st. Paul.
representing 81. James AME
church did all Of the nimeograph-
ing work for the two week session.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
George Moore.
Veteran Borber
Dies A. Ace -

George Moore, pioneer rest.
den, of the city Of ~. Paul. sue.
cumbcd on "wednesday. July 81.
following an tlincss ot several
years Mr. Moore. who was born
In Alabama. on March 10. 1877,
operated a barber shop In down.
town 81 Paul Tor many years and
later. on Sclby Az
lie died at the uptegrovc Res,
Home In Minneapolis, where he
had been patient for the past
three years Mr. Moore IL sur
vired by his wife. Mrs Leona
Moore
Funeral services were held at
Elmhurst cemetery AZ 10 a ~. on
Saturday. July - The Rev Den.
al \ Carly % ST Philips Episco-
pal Churrh ofnrtated Brooks Fun,
cnl Home was IN charge ~ tho
service
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
MRS. PAUL CURRY
RETURNS FROM TRIP
70 LOS ANGLES

Mrs. Paul S. Curry, 3ll5 Colum-
bus Av.. returned home Sunday
evening. July IS, from Los An
geles, Calf and Chicago.
In Los Angeles she was the
guest Of Mr.. and Mrs. John Hut
cherson, former residents of Min
neapolis. Mrs. Hutcherson is a
physical therapist at the Perma-
nente clinic. This clinic Is part Of
the Kaiser Foundation. Mr.. Hut
cherson is in the postal service
and is stationed at the Beverly
Hills postal station.
Mrs. Curry was the recipient
Of numerous social courtesies and
enjoyed sightseeing tours. and
visiting many places Of interest.
Included were Knott's Berry
Farm, Farmers Market, Grau-
mann's Chinese Theatre. the OBJ
servatory IN Grlflth Park, Forest
Lawn cemetery and took a dip in
the ocean at Long Beach.
Among some OF the former Min
neapolitans with whom she visited
were Miss Lorraine Curry. Jun
ius Burts, Mr.. and Mrs. NJ. o.
Cannon. the Walter Smiths and
Martin Brown. They all sent
greetings to their Minneapolis
friends.
Mrs. Curry also spent one week
in Chicago and was the guest Of
her cousin Triville Holmes.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
Twin City
Church NelUs

lesson which enjoyed very much.
The lesson subject, Growing
Through Prayer Luke ll:1-l3
and Phil 4:6-7. was very interest
ing.
The Gospel Chorus and Junior
Choir furnished music for the
morning worship service. Rev. II.
w. Bolts spoke briefly from the
subject, Living With Christ" "
Text was found in Luke 1877.
which was inspiring.
Visitors were Mrs. Frances
PEBBLES. ST. Paul: Mrs. Betty Code,
Mr.. Robert Bowman, Mr.. Walter
Munson and Nadine Arun, all Of
Minneapolis: Mr.. and Mrs Oscar
Brown. Washington, d. c.; Mrs.
Mary Vaughn. Sioux Falls, 8. D.,
and Luther Wilson. Cleveland, o.
You are always welcome at Zion.
There were many Zionites at
tending the lovely session Of the
executive board meeting In the
afternoon and evening at Pilgrim
Baptist church, st. Paul. The
general theme was Christ, the
Hope Of the World" The message
was delivered by the visiting min
ister. Rev. ". r. Olphen. president
OF the Ministerial Alliance and
pastor OF Corinthian Baptist
church. Des Moines. Ia. We en-
joyed him very much.
Sick Report: Mrs. Sarah
Vaughn and Mrs Ada Grubhs both
reported on the sick list last week
we were happy TO have them at
the a. m. service. Mrs. Ida Wade
Williams. Mrs. Willie Brown and
Mr.. Robert Wallace have now
been discharged from Mt. SINAI
hospital and are convalescing al
home Mrs. Velrna Williams In do
ing nicely at Glen Lake. Mrs. Bir'
die King, Fairview hospital: Mrs
Georgia McRutledge, Mt. Sinai
hospital. Mrs. Inez Ford, Park
view and Mr.. Felix Braxton
Northern Pacific hospital. st. Pau
are all reported slowly improv'
ing.
The pastor and congregation ex'
tend their deepest sympathy &c
the family OF Mrs Srace McKen.
ney Of Denver, Colo. who is ths
niece Of Mrs. Mary Ball Of 104,
Bryant Av. N.
Mrs. r. Henderson. reporter
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30

Poll In each Of It's surveys. THE
annual Survey Of Consumer Fin.
ancea conducted for the Board of
Governors Of the Federal Reserve
SYSTEM Washington. ID. G. In
wolves interviews with n national
sample of about 5000 PERSONA
Statistical authorities say that
the variance In results due 10
sample size. In studies involving
500 900 cases. will not, 90 times
out OF 100 differ by more than 3 10
8 percentage points II that much
from what the finding would be
II a complete census were 10 be
conducted.
T. Some editors have pointed
out, In pubJlshsd comments On the
Hsnnspin County Republican
Clubs straw vote. that the way In
which questions are asked can
make a huge difference. One Min.
nssota editor said he felt they
got their questions answered the
way they wanted them answered. 4"
Minnesota Poll questions are
first submitted TO an advisory
board NJ 20 leading Minnesota
citizens Including the current
prcAident Of the Minnesota Editor
ial AAsociationJ for n check on
accuracy. impartiaiity and clarity
then they are "pre-tss,sd'' by trial
interviews with q small group Of
adults. then they are re-appraised,
and, II necessary. rephrased. be-
fore they are printed and sent 10
the Polls Interviewing staff Of 81
throughout the state,
The Minnesota Poll has been
publishing reauiy Of statewide
opinion surveys since March. 1914,
n has said many times, and II
says again. that its files are open
10 examination A number OF i'm.
provements In t"chniques made by
social scientists during the last
decade have been Incorporated In
Poll operations.
The measurement of public
opinion went from the oxcart "a
the Jet plan. stage when scientific
crosa-section aampiing was de.
vrIoped TO supplant earlier. less
reliable ways OF taking the pub
He's pulse among them the straw
vote.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
William Brlsso, Minneapolis
Rssident 50 Ysavs, Dies

William Briscos, resident Of
the Cornelius Nursing Home, 1913
Fourth Az. y died Friday. July
~ at the home.
Mr., Briscoe. n native OF Okla
homa had lived In Minneapolis for
fifty years He was q member Of
81 Peters AME church.
Funeral services were held nj 2
. M. Monday. July 40. at the
Neal Funeral Chapel with Rev NJ
L. Simmons officiating.
Survivors are . nephew. Floyd
Rennix and two niecea. Mrs. Ruth
Norris, Minneapolis and Mrs Hei'
en- Bowen Of Chicago.
Burial was In Crystal Lake
cemetery Neal Funeral Home was
In chsrE, Of arrangements
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
CAMPHOR METHODIST
CHURCH

Church school. s:I5 a. m. under
the direction OF Mr.. Joseph Camp
and Atty, James Bradford. with
classes for all ages, The morning
worship hour followed the close Of
the church school The services
were brief and to the point. The
pastor, the Rev. J. F. DelPinn
preached on the theme: The
Beauty OF Association, taking
his thought frsm the Scripture
narrative telling OF Jesus asso-
citation with hts disciples and by
this companionship their lives be-
came beautiful in the cardinal viz.
tues OF life, their lives bloomed
and blossomed in good works by
constantly associating with Jesus
our master through Bible reading
prayer and meditation.
He called attention 10 the Mas
ters promise, will be with you
always even to the end Of the
ages, the minister stated our lives
would be so beautiful In every
phase OF human endeavor, home
Office. factory, shop, community
church and school. II men. women
boys and girls would more often
associate with the best literature.
particularly the Bible with the
great love stories found therein.
there would develop in every one
the virtues OF loves. respect. hon.
or praise and good will
Picnic at Minrrhaha Park last
The Senior Choir sponsored a
Sunday, after rendering beautiful
music for the morning services
under the direction OF Mrs. Addie
Few Mrs Sarah Johnson and
other good women OF the church
are In charge OF a Good Win Eel
yer al Camphor church At II 30
lowship dinner which will be ser.
Sunday. August /, Immediately
after the morning service. Every
body Is asked 10 come prepared 10
enjoy q delicious dinner
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1954-07-30
PILGRIM BAPTIST CHURCH

Free Indeed" was the subject
OF Rev. Floyd Massey Jr's sermon
on Sunday. July IS. at the morn
ing worship service. Morning
prayer was offered by Deacon
Pink Grant. Following the Choral
Response, a special number was
rendered by the Gospel Chorus,
under the direction Of Mrs. Odelle
Galloway The subject Of Rev.
Massey's story for the Children was
Il Don't Like Him."
The following registered visitors
were introduced and welcomed by
Miss Virginia Bardwell: William
Martin and Mrs. Cleo Davis of
Chicago, Ill, son and daughter Of
Robert Martin; Mrs. N. II. Keys,
sister OF Trustee p. l.. Morris Of
Clsrksdale. Miss: Lee Wiley and
Ross Wiggens, Duluth, MINI. /:
Mrs. Josephine Miller. st. James
AME church; Mrs. Jewell Dennard
sister-in-law OF Mr.. and Mrs.
James Taylor. q member OF Taber-
nacle Baptist church. Birming-
ham, Ala. Mrs. Howard Gunnels of
Cincinnati. Ohio, wife Of member
Howard Gunnels. and Mrs. Cora
Dillingham; OF Los Angeles.
Calf, sister OF Mrs. Eddings, and
a former PiIgrimite. Music was
rendered by the Choral Group, di.
rected by Mrs. Luella Taylor
Dedicatory prayer was offered by
Trustee b, l.. Morris.
II was noted that Mrs. Joe
Stella Johnson. who has been con.
fined TO Ancker Hospital has re-
turned home and Is improving
Mrs. Anna Mae Jude In a patient
an Ancker, and little Seth Blue.
dorm. grandson Of Joe Vassar, Is
still confined to Ancker.
Thanks was expressed by Rev
Massey 10 everyone who remem-
bered him In any manner on his
birthday on Saturday. July "a.
Commentator was expressed 70
the Mems Day co-chairmen, lie.
roy Cunningham and Floyd Barr
Committee chAirmen. members
and participants for the excellent
service on last Sunday; to James
Wardlaw for the marvellous Men.
Day message and Maurice Decker.
son and Picnic Committee for
making plans for the picnic held
at Phalen last Sunday.
The State Baptist Convention
was held from 3 p. IN. to Q p. M
n was noted that the Hollow
Playground. ST. Anthony and Kent
now has professional supervision
from the Department of Play
grounds each Tuesday and Thurs,
day from to 8 p. m.
on Sunday, the Ordinance OF
Communion will be observed i'm,
mediately following the morning
worshi pservice. At 8 p. m, the
Young women's Choral Group viii
| present its Summer Concert.