davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-10-28
Rose Bushes

Ami Quinord sE. 6. Hill . Etoile
de HoIIonds Red Radiones . Night
Crimson Glory Pink Down Ed
itor MaeFarIond Pink Rodionee
Duchess Of Luxembourg Golden
Down Coledonio Golden Charm
sK. A. Vietorio . President Hoover
ToIismon
Evening star., 1954-05-30
~ PATzAtA 3 EAST
PVNJAe STATES Uk.

on the coast of Orissa, about
S00 miles north of !. Madras.
The fourth settlement Is
Maize. an area Of a.. .85 square
miles with q population OF
10000, situated on the west
coast nearly 300 miles north
Of Cape Connorin, southern tip
, of the subcontinent. ~: Ii. h.
After the Chandernagore
cession was consumated in
1852. India suggested to France
that the remaining settle
ments be directly transferred.
France replied that the con-
sent of the interested popula-
tions was essential, for "the
inhabitants of the establish
ments, whatever their origin,
take a direct part in political
life" That makes it only a queS-
ton of time when the inhab-
itants assert themselves. Most
are Indians. For instance, q
police force of $50 officers and
men in one area has only 20
French.
French Study
The present phase began
late in March. Premier Joseph
Laniel conferred with the cab
met in Paris on a demand BY
five members of the French
India Government Council that
a merger with the Indian
Union be effected without a
referendum. inspector General
du Montcel was sent to Pondi-
cherry in April to study the
situation. simultaneously the
question of merger came up in
the Indian House of the People.
On March % and April 6 Prime
Minister Nehru discussed the
question in the house and on
April 81 issued a white paper
on it.
In the four settlements, au-
thoritieS Of IA out of the %
communes had unanimously
demanded immediate merger
with India without q referen-
dunn. The Central Merger Con-
gress. the Socialists and, Of
course, the Communists began
agitation, a "non-violent mass
movement" in the Indian i'd
Evening star., 1954-05-30
Foundations

ALMOST tsUUU pnllnuLnfOplC
and educational foundations
In oil. . SIS billion industry
receive Federal tax dement's to
help them carry on their work.
Some Congressmen have won
dered whether these Govern
ment-supported organizations
are doing the Lords work-or
some one else's.
One House committee under
the late Gene Cox Of Georgia
made O brief investigation in
1882, Mr.. Cox seemed to think
some foundations leaned far to
the left, hut he died during the
Investigation. The tinal report
OF the truncated probe cleared
the foundations.
When the Republicans took
over last year. one suspicious
member. b. Carroll Reece, Re-
publican. Of Tennessee. insisted
the matter be pursued further.
A special committee was set up,
and now o series Of stormy
hearings are under way.
A Threat Cited
They have been stormy since
the tlrst hearing when q pre-
liminary staH report said some
foundations were o threat to
"the American way of hfe."
The danger was somewhat
vague In nature but was def
nitely to the left Of the politi-
cal center. Chairman Reece
seemed to be suspicious Of the
Ford, Carnegie and Rockefeller
Foundations. The Democrats,
however. charged that the staff
report was biased and demand-
ed that the right-wing Facts
Forum" foundation be investi-
gated. ""2,
Last week the hearings al
most broke down in partisan
disputes.
The quarrel was over testi-
mony by Aaron M. Sargent.
a San Francisco lawyer who
said he had spent II years in
vestigating ''radicalism" in
education. He tried to make
the point that some founda-
tions have given money to
groups which have made stud
les resulting in left-wing con-
clusions. But in making the
point, he said he thought
Senator Paul Douglas, Dem
ocrat, Of Illinois had been a
Socialist and that Radio Com
mentator Edward r. Murrow
had once supported q Com
munist project.
Wayne L. Hayes. Democrat,
of Ohio. spokesman for the
minority. objected to public
airing of unSubStantiated
charges and insisted Mr.. Sar-
gent be heard first in secret
sessions, If at all. Chairman
Reece said the testimony was
permissible.
So the two Democrats
walked out. leaving the group
without a quorum. The hear
ing suspended. .t,es
Next day the Republicans
showed up with enough men
to make a quorum all by
themselves. so Mr.. Sargent's
testimony continued.
AS the week ended the
Democrats were demanding,
without success, that some Of
their witnesses be called.
Evening star., 1954-05-30
Segregation
Pottern of Action
By Negroes, OfficiuIs
Begins to Emerge

After more than a week to
think over the Supreme Courts
ruling against racial Segrega-
tion in public schools, a pat
tern Of action was beginning to
take form among public off,
cials and Negro leaders.
The National Association for
the Advancement of Colored
People, the group which had
fought the key cases to the Su-
preme Court, met in Atlanta
and set a policy on integration.
The group decided to petition
local of1lcials for prompt inte-
grafton, but did not specify
what would be considered
prompt" Chairman Charming
H. Tobias. however, urged that
there be spirit Of give-and-
take"
NAACP leaders foresaw diff
flculties in only q few areas.
They said there were "con-
Structive attitudes" in WASH
ington, D. c.: Maryland, Ken
tucky. Delaware, West Vir-s
ginia, Oklahoma. Missouri and
Arkansas. But they were not
so happy with public state
ments in Georgia and North
Carolina. =.
No Secession
Georgia's Gov. Herman
Talmadge illustrated their
point for them by announcing
during their convention that
"the people Of Georgia will not
comply with the decision Of
the Court" He defied the Gov
ernment to send troops into
Georgia. but said the State
will not "secede from the
Union"
In the District, the school
board moved ahead with plans
to integrate schools as
promptly as possible. Super
intendent Hobert M. Corning
offered q plan to integrate
some schools this September.
all Of them by the following
September. Some 2,700 col
ored students would go to
schools now all white. But
there would not be complete
redistricting before next fall.
and all students in uncrowded
schools would be permitted to
stay where they are until
graduation.
At least four members Of
the nine-man board, however,
said they thought some phases
Of the Corning plan were too
slow. There seemed to be no
complaints that he wanted to
move too fast. 80 1t was o
sure bet that all compulsory
segregation In District schools
would end at least within l6
months. /.
Evening star., 1954-05-30

Democrats ire as 8. q. 7.
seeks goat.
to injury by trying to ride on
the Presidents coattails.
Senate Democrats irnmedi-
ately denounced Mr.. Shanley.
And Senator Earl Clements.
Democrat. of Kentucky said
Mr.. Stanley doubtless was
speaking for President Eisen-
hover: House Democratic
Leader Sam Rayburn said the
speech was the same sort of
"braying" Mr.. Stanley had
done in q 1853 speech implying
that the 1856 persons dis
charged from Government
work were "subversives."
Though the Democrats could
snap at Mr.. Stanley with
great enthusiasm, they could
not palm themselves on as
110 per cent supporters Of the
Presidents program.
The Cold Focts
In fact, q study by Congress
sional Quarterly showed last
week that the Democrats have
voted for the Presidents pro-
gram in only 80 per cent of the
opportunities extended them
this year. They voted against
him on As per cent of the oc-
caSions.
Here's how the figures were
arrived at:
Congressional Quarterly
found that Congress held 81
roll-call votes on segments of
Evening star., 1954-05-30
Tourists Flood Puerto Rico

SAN JUAN, p. R.-Puerto
Rican migration to New York
has overshadowed the new
American invasion Of this
island.
It is true that $4,000 Island
ers sought new homes in Man.
haitian last year but on the
other hand American capital
pouring in provided new jobs
for $4,000 who stayed behind
and earned SIS million.
Airlines took 22.954 persons
out Of the island in March,
1854, but they brought 49,
725 in. -
Two Closes ~
In the main, two classes of
Americans come to Puerto
Rico in these days of the new
invasion:
/. Tourists with plenty Of
money seeking q new thrill.
They brown IN the sun by day.
night club or gamble in the
casinos after the sun goes
down and call this an island
paradise. The tourist business
is running close to $21 million
this year.
2. American business men.
some already in production
here. others negotiating for
tax exemption and factory
sites. They stream in so stead
lily that the islands finest
hotel. designed for the winter
vacationer, is rapidly taking on
the aspect Of a city hotel with
resort facilities. .
Visitors Return
Business is getting better
all the time" the manager
says.
There is also the old-timer.
He may have been stationed
here during the war or before.
He comes back just because.
And the longer he has been
away. the harder he rubs his
eyes when he starts looking
around.
Beggars and cripples are
gone from the streets. French
restaurants have opened. Night
clubs are crowded. The poor
man is no longer hungry. He
is eating better and more reg
ularly than ever before.
It all comes from the fact
that q resourceful and realistic
group Of Puerto Ricans. headed
by Luis Munox Marin. now
Governor. set out in l948 to
do something for the under
privileged and often hungry
Puerto, Ricans. They seem to
be. getting somewhere.
Tsy offered 10 years of tax
Evening star., 1954-05-30

the Presidents program
through May Is. If all Demo-
Gratis had been present and
voting. there could have been
1913 yeas" for the Presi-
dent. There were only 1,412
affirmative votes recorded.
however. There were 1864
mays" and 537 absences. So
the positive support was
scored as 80 per cent.
Republicans scored IA per
cent for their White House
leader. They had 1901 oppor-
tunities, voted for the program
1854 times, against 634 and
did not vote 313 times.
7 Saves in 10 Tries
Though the Democrats were
not all-out supporters of the
President, it could not be said
they were a milestone around
his neck. In fact, their votes
saved his neck seven times out
of 10.
These rescues were neces-
sary because the Republicans
have only a tiny majority in
the House and no majority at
all in the Senate. G. o. p. abb
sences and defectionS usually
cut total Republican strength
to less than the necessary so
per cent. On 26 Of the 81 test
votes, however, enough Dem
ocrats joined the Republicans
to put the President over.
Seven times the Democrats
did not deliver. and President
Eisenhower lost. On only four
occasions were the Republic
Evening star., 1954-05-30
Metropolitan Scene
John |. Lewis Monev
Too Much for Rivals
By John w. Thompson, Jr.

Well, it's all over now except
for a few formalities, and
John L. Lewis is in the bank
ing business at a new address
- the Hamilton National
Bank.
The vast resources of the
United Mine Workers were
just too much for local finance
to overcome. There wasn't
anybody around either except
Mr.. Lewis to whom Hamilton
stock, with a book value of
$50 and an outside value Of
about $50 a share, was worth
$110 a share.
Nobody involved is doing
much talking, as usual, but
there was some resentment
behind that $110 offer. The To-
cal banking fraternity pulled
in the welcome mat when Mr..
Lewis and the miners bought
control Of the National Bank
of Washington. When NBW
made some attempts to obtain
a branch location uptown on
K street, the story goes, the
effort was blocked by the con-
troller Of the currency at the
instance of several big local
banks. Then when NBW ap-
preached Hamilton with a
merger offer a month or so ago
two shares of NBW for one
of Hamilton-the Hamilton
directors turned it down with
out ever letting their stock
holders consider it and began
negotiations with American
Security & Trust Co. At
that time the Lewis interest
had bought up considerable
Hamilton stock at $50 a share
and were left out in the cold
If merger with A. S. & T. went
through.
The Hamilton-A. S. & T. in
tereStS drafted a plan under
which holders of Hamilton
would be able to unload, If
they chose, at $82 per share in
the hope that the Lewis inter-
ests would get OF the hook
with q So a-share profit. They
found the miners and NBW|
were playing, for bigger stakes
With Barnum L. Cotton.
former president Of NBW, now
ensconced as president Of
Hamilton, it won't be long be-
fore. the consolidation Of the
twoNis announced.
Evening star., 1954-05-30
r TRAN4NcoRE.
COCHIN

iom. Minister'S of; the; French
India cabinet. the Mayors of
Pondicherry and Karikal and
their communes addressed
mass meetings. There were
disturbances put down by. the
police and border incidents In
which settlement police pur-
sued settlement citizens into
India. = .@1 ~. :.r..
\ In the diplomatic notes,
India argues for q direct and
immediate transfer Of admins
tration to avoid further unrest
and incidents. Questions at
tending de jure sovereignty
should be postponed. India
says, as in Chandernagore.
India is insistent because the
unrest has "repercussions'' re-
sulting from the effort to
suppress a popular movement.
France holds to the constitu-
tional necessity of consulting
the people and is delaying until
she gets reports from the field
by Inspector General du Mont
Gel and members Of the Ma
tional Assembly.
India has not accepted the
referendum proposal, though it
claims 80 per cent of the
people have expressed them
selves. That seems to be true.
In April three Pondicherry
communes declared their inde-
pendence, with II villages TAX
ing separate, action for a
population of 46. 1000. It looks as
if the Indian nationals of
French India are going to de-
eide the question their way
without regard to their French
fellow citizens, who are only a
few thousand.
PortugoI's EneIoves
Portugals has held enclaves
on the Indian coast since 1910
and will outlast France in
keeping what Nehru calls its
anachronisrns, whose "exist-
ence are inconsistent with the
historic Developments" Goa,
with an area of 1.468 square
miles, is on the Malabar west
coast 240 miles south Of Bonn
Evening star., 1954-05-30
By Dovid Fernsler

freedom. To date they have
lured 1926 manufacturing plants
into this bountiful labor mar
ket. They employ from so to
100 persons each on an aver
age. Only % of the newcomers
have closed their doors. Some
of the % were relying on de-
tense contracts.
For this fiscal year the gov
ernment'S goal was $50 new
plants. AS Of February %, 66
had gone into production, 20
were in process of establish
ment, II under negotiation and
IL under consideration. Among
new plants soon to be in full
operation is a cigar factory
employing 1000 hands. An oil
refinery also is assured.
Employment Is Goal r.
All planning is geared to the
creation of 10000 new jobs a
year through opening Of at
least 100 new plants every IL
months. In the overall, the
government figures that each
job created directly by q new
industry adds another indi-
rectly.
The range Of production
here reaches from brassieres
to baseballs and from radios
to razors.
On another front the gov
ernment got into the tourist
business. It encouraged the
building Of new hotels and
modernization of those that
were here. Accommodations for
those with a modest budget
were not overlooked and the
development has not been con-
fined to San Juan. Hotel rooms
were at q premium during the
season now coming to q close.
Additional hotels have not
been announced for the im-
mediate future, but the gov
ernment has paid about a quar-
ter of a million dollars for two
waterfront sites here that were
about to be subdivided and
would make ideal hotel sites.
The Rum Story
What they have done with
Puerto Rican rum Is o story in
itself. United States internal
>revenue-the high tax against
which United States distillers
have done 50 much COM
planning - that tax collected
on every bottle Of Puerto
r can rum sold In the
United States pours back into
the insular treasury. During
the war when whisky was hard
Evening star., 1954-05-30
Review of the Weeks News

In . New York speech. Mr..
Shanley accused the Demo-
Gratis Of throwing up "road-
blocks" In front Of the pro-
gram. Senator Homer Fergu-
som Republican. Of Michigan
agreed. Mr.. Stanley accused
the Democrats Of adding insult
Evening star., 1954-05-30
Congress
Leaders Seek Goot
For DeIuy in Enoeting
Presidents S Program

As Congress moves closer to
its adjournment target date
July 31-and most Of the
vast Eisenhower legislative
program remains unfinished.
some administration leaders
are looking for persons to
blame for the delay.
Last week Bernard Stanley.
the outspoken special White
House counsel. put the blame
on the Democrats in Congress.
Evening star., 1954-05-30
By Denys ?. Myers

The Government OF India
has now embarked on. o prof.
ect TO absorb 4 1856 square miles
Of territory Id the suhconti.
nent from France and Portu@
gal, and the two European
countries really. haven't a
chance Of holding on to the
seven enclaves that they have
possessed for the. last 800 or
400 years.
When the job is done, India
will stand as the most remark
able example of territorial in...
tegration and feudal extinc-
tion in history. Absorption Of
the seven foreign enclaves wilf
then be added to q score that
already registers the integra-
ton Of $50 princely states into
the az constitutional units Of
present-day India. The best
previous record Of wiping ont
moribund political entities was
in 1906, when 200 sovereign
ties" Of the Holy Roman EN-
pire were stripped of rights to
rule.
The big task of internal in
tegration Of India was COM
pleted in 1850. having been
effected so neatly by Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel that the
downgrading of $50 princes
and rulers created scarcely q
political ripple. But France
and Portugal. with their mi-
croscopic holdings and q sur
plus Of historical memories.
are giving up their foreign
pockets" in India reluctantly.
Eosy Torgets
Nevertheless, they are sit
ting ducks for the operation. Z
France is the better target.
Since late March events have
steadily run against Paris.
The French establishments
in India were occupied early
in the 18th century. Since
1914 they have been admin
1stered by France. The French
constitution of 1947 included
all overseas territories in the
French Union, gave them rep,
resentation in the National
Assembly and implied a right
of determination. When
India became independent on
August is, 1947, there were
five French enclaveS in the
country. The National Assem-
bly, of France on June 8, 1948.
authorized the people of the
settlements to determine their
political status by means of
free and sincere consultation,
particulars of which would be
fixed in agreement with elected
municipal councils" +,
In June, 1949, a plebiscite
was held in Chandernagore, a
town of $4,000 inhabitants
near Calcutta which had been
French since 1858. The vote
was 7,473 to ia for union with
India. France carried out that
mandate by stages which are
now precedentS. De tGcto.
transfer of authority to India
was signed February 2, 1851,
and came into force June 9,
1852. ~
India is now asking France
to relinquish Pondicherry,
Karikal. Yanam and Mahe.
Pondicherry, with it's eight
municipal communes and four
separate enclaveS, has an area
of lis square miles and a
population of $4,000. It lies
100 miles south of Madras
on the Carnatic east coast.
Farther to the south on the
same coast is Karikal, SO
square miles, population TO-
600. Yanam, a small trading
center SIS square miles in area
ond 1xyifh mn Vo0Y0,,1of fiov &c
Evening star., 1954-05-30

badly needs bipartisan sup
port and usually gets 1t.
. Most delay on his pro-
gram has been caused by q
showdown In writing, revising
and debating bills. not by ad-
verse Democratic votes on the
floor.
Evening star., 1954-05-30
Indo Prepares to Take Over French, Portuguese Enco,

determined by hundreds Of
treaties and sanads which
lapsed with the independence
Of India.
The map Of British India
was a checkerboard of British
and state territory. Both India
and Pakistan wished to inte-
Z. CRATE the states ID their own.
governments. and the Cham
ber Of Princes had agreed to
accede to one or the other be-
fore independence on August
16, 1947. Sardar Patel became
minister Of the States Depart
ment Of India to effect D con-
solidation affecting 108 sizable
states, 1877 smaller ones and,
327 estates and jagirs.' All
except 10. Of the total fell
within the territory of India.
The flrst part Of the prob
lem was to deal with states
made up Of scattered bits of
territory with no geographical
contiguity. These were merged
with provinces Of India. The
first consolidation around the
old British province OF Orissa
involved 81 states covering
54,235 square miles with $685.
600 people. The process be-
gan in January. 1948. BY
January, 1850. there were 216
states covering an, area of
108.739 square miles with 49,
$4,000 people merged in nine
provinces. Bombay took in
161 states, which had an area
Of only 25,331 square miles
and 4.317.000 people.
Sixty-one states with a
population Of 6,925, 900 on 63,-
704 square miles, were put to-
gether in seven constituent
units to be administered by
governors under the central
government. The seven new
states are on strategic from
tiers or are areas with a popu-
lation requiring special ad-
ministration.
A third group Of states grew
out Of unions Of princely
states with smaller states. In
this category 275 states were
put together to form the
states of Saurashtra, Rajas-
than. Madhya Bharat. Patila
and East Punjab States Union
(PEPSU and Travancore-
Cochin. Saurashtra alone alb
Sorbed 222 units. The five
new states each have as
raipramukh (president) one
of the former princely rulers.
Finonciol Arrangements
The elimination of $50 maha-
rajahS. rajahs, InaharaoS, ma
wabs, nizams and other rulers
involved financial settlements.
Most retained personal rights,
privileges. dignities and titles,
as well as their private prop
erty. Each was allotted a privy
purse in lieu Of his income as a
ruler. The amounts vary from
$40.32 to the ruler of Katodia
to $1,050,O00 to the Nizam of
Hyderabad, which remains a
state, unit. The total annual
cost is Silt million.
But even that is not the end
of the, story of piecing the sub
continent together as a po-
litical unit. The $50 states,
parcellated as they were. them
selves had enclaves. A series
of transfers between the newly
created states of India entailed
the surrender by one and the
absorption by another of 1890
(estimateO villages, districts
and acreageS.
After all that shutting of
real estate, the government of
India ought to be pretty expert
in absorbing enclaves, even
when they have belonged to
Europeans from the time when
Magellan started around the
world.