davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1954-03-01
By GILBERT GUSLER

WHILE ECONOMIC activity has
been declining, commodity prices
have held well. Wholesale prices for
farm products in early February
averaged a fraction of one per cent
higher than a year previous. The
government index of wholesale
prices of all commodities other than
farm products and foods was l14.4
against 1131 in February 1858.
While the business dip thus far
has been attributed partly to an eff
fort to reduce inventories, commod-
ity prices show no evidence OF
panicky selling. Farm prices nave
been working higher in the last
three months in contrast with
year ago when they declined in the
face of an upward trend in business
activity.
CATTLE - Price prospects for
slaughter cattle appear relatively IA
vorable for the next few months.
Upper grades may show a little sea-
sonaI weakness, but intermediate
and lower grades are likely to be
strong.
Prices for stocker and feeder cat
tie in the next two or three months
will depend greatly on whether ade-
ouate rains come in the Southwest
and Western range states. Shortage
of water as well as pasture threatens
to curtail buying from some grazing
and feeding sections. Currently, pur-
chases are far above a year ago
when fat cattle prices were collaps-
ing.
HOGS-Prices may have set
back in early spring. They are likely
to rise to new high levels for the
year during the summer, then drop
sharply next fall. Peak of the move
ment of fall pigs will cause a tenn
porary small bulge in arrivals in
April or May. However, the jan
uary / inventory of 48.2 million
head, IL per cent lower than year
ago and the smallest since 1888
means. smaller spring and summer
market supplies than in any recent
year. Holding to build up breeding
stock will accent the shortage.
LAMBS Prices probably viii
push somewhat higher to a spring
peak. Market arrivals probably will
drop slightly below recent levels a
fed lamb supplies taper off. How
ever, California springers will NOV
freely by April. Because of recen
good rains it is estimated that g
per cent of them will be fat whel
marketed.
Sales of breeding ewes on tn
range are reported at $3.50 a hea
with yearlings at $3.50 and comm
twos at. $25. Stock sheep number
on farms declined per cent in 1876
The January l inventory was on
per cent over the record low
1880 That means a small 1854 Ian
. crop.
.ts WOOL-Prices remain in a sid
. wise trend. Buying at Boston al
. in the West has slackened after
small squirt Demand for wool clio
IL is quite slow. Mill utilization in D
n cember was lowest for the mon
since 1887 and has shown little
N no improvement. Present stoc
~ probably are a third less than /;
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17
END-OF.WEEK
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
to the right front of her car was
estimated at $500. Mrs. Power was
driving west on Atlantic Blvd. at
Is mph; she was charged with
reckless driving and having an ac-
cident.
Minor Collisions
Other accidents involved minor
collisions, and a car owned by
Lewis F. Salter and parked on
Roosevelt Blvd. was hit by Navy
pickup truck driven by Donald w.
Armstrong, when an unidentified
car passed Armstrong as he was
attempting to pass the parked car.
Armstrong was travelling north on
the Boulevard and hit Salter's car
causing damage estimated at $10O.
He was charged with reckless driv-
ing.
Jeanette Roberts, 2O4 Simonton
Street, failed to stop at the red
light at the intersection of Sim.
onton and Eaton and hit q Navy
truck driven by Joseph B, Themp-
son, uSMG, causing minor da-
mage. She was charged with reck-
less driving; causing an accident;
driving without drivers license,
and driving while intoxicated,
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17
ARMED FORCES DAY
CONTINUED from Pan Onel

vision, Mrs. Hannah Baer accent,
ing. This was q beautifully decor
ated float and depicted Q man held
in bendage. by the Communists
behind barbed wire and a Sail.
or, Marine and Soldier with gold.
en- keys to release him to freedom.
Best military float, won by Air.
ship Development Squadron Eley.
en- (ZX-11) which depicted blimp
coming out of . blimp hangar and
on the rear sign Submarine
Wrecking Service" It was also
decorated with two beautiful Young
ladies in bathing suits,
Best marching unit trophy went
to the U. S.. Fleet Sonar School
Emergency Platoon which is com.
prised of students that are attend.
ing the school. These students
change once a month and it is
hard to maintain permanent per.
sonnet TO man this group, c, E.
White, senafman first class, u. S.
Navy accepted the trophy,
Trophy for the best band went
to the Key West High School Band
which was dressed in the finery of
Pirates, This was the first time
that Key Westefs have been able
to see their band in their eut-ei.
town style, This is the third par.
ade in which the X, W. H, s,
band has taken hoHors. II was ad.
judged best in last years Armed
Forces Day parade and in the last
Armistiee Day parade,
HenevsbIs Msntisn
Receiving honorable mention in
each division were: U. s, Marine
Corps Drill Team, second place
for marching unit,
st. VineeHt's Guild Float, sec.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17
MRS. ELLA STEBBINS
BOWsER

Mrs. Ella Stebbins Bowser, mo-
Their of Captain Frank E, Bowser,
died early today at Captain Bow
ser's quarters in the Naval Sta
ton.
Mrs. BoWser, who was in her
eighty fifth year, was born in Wat
sontown, Pennsylvania and had liv-
ed in that state all her life. She
was . graduate of the music de-
partment of Bucnell University,
and had used her training in piano
and pipe organ in connection with
the work of the various Baptist
churches whose pulpits her hus-
band, the late DR.. Addison B. Bow
ser, had occupied. A lifelong men,
Der of the Baptist Church, Mrs.
Bowser was also a member of the
Colonial Dames, and of the Kit
tanning Chapter of the Order of the
Eastern Star.
Mrs. B0Wser is survived by four
children, Captain Frank Bowser of
Key West, Arda c. Bowser of Or
lando, Waylaud S. Bowser of Pitts
burgh, and Mrs. Ellis c. Winters of
Fort City, Pa. and st. Petersburg,
Fla. She is also survived by thir-
teen grandchildren and eleven
great'grandchildren,
Services viii be held at the First
Baptist Church of Montgomery
vile, Pa, where interment will
take place. The Pritehafd Funeral
Home is in charge of local ar
rangemepts, and it is requested by
the family that flowers be omitted.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17
DEATHS
MRS. SALOME CHILE
LEDFORD

Mrs. Salome Chile Ledfond died
Saturday night at the Monroe Gen.
eral Hospital after . brief illness.
Mrs. Ledford was native of Key
West and resided at 728 United
Street.
She is survived by her husband,
Fred Ledford; one niece, Mrs. Cla-
"a Valdez; and two aunts, Mrs.
Bertha Cobb and Mrs. Aatonia
Chile.
Funeral services will be held
Wednesday afternoon at 5 o'clock
in the Chapel of Pritchard Funeral
Home with the Rev. Ismael Negrin
of the Latin American Baptist
Church officiating. Burial will be
in the family plot in City Gene
terry,
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17
SUPREME COURT
(Continued from PAGE One)

"eannot turn on merely a com'
parison of these tangible factors
in the Negro and white schools in.
volved." He added:
I'VE must look instead to the eff.
feet of segregation itself on public
education"
Approach To Problem
In approaching the problem,
Warren said, 1--WE cannot turn the
clock back to 1868 when the Oath
amendment was adopted or even
to is05 when Plessy VS.. Ferguson
was written.
1--WE must consider public edu-
cation in the light of its full de-
velopment and its place in Ameri-
can life throughout the nation.
only in this way can it be de-
termined if segregation in public
schools deprives these plaintiffs
(Negroes) Of the equal protection
of the laws.
To-day, education is perhaps the
most important function Of state
and local governments, Com
pulsory school attendance laws
and the great expenditures for ed
ucation both demonstrate our rec
ognization Of the importance of ed
ucation to our democratic society
Equal Tesms Called For
in these days, it is doubtful that
any child may reasonably be ex-
pected TO succeed in Life II he is
denied the opportunity OF an ed
ucatiol, Such m opportunity,
where the state has undertaken
to provide 1t, 10 o right which
must be made available to all on
equal terms"
1t was at this point in the opin-
ion that Warren said the court be.
iieves segregation denies Negro
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17
DELEGATION TO
(Continued from Paoe 0re,

lC0htiHued from Page 0pe)
given by Baeardi and Company of
Cuba. )
The delegation will be headed by
Mayor and Mrs. C, B. Harvey, and
will include Chairman of the board
OF County Commissioners and Mrs,
Gerlad Saunders; Capt. and Mrs.
G. L, Murphy; Navy fire chief and
Mrs, Harry Baker; Key West fire
chief and Mrs. Charles Cremata;
County commissioner and Mrs, Joe
Allen; City commissioners and Mrs.
Delio cebo; DR.. and Mrs. Coma
les; Mr.. and Mrs. BENJAMIN Fer
nandez; Mr.. and Mrs. Arturo Del
gado; Mr.. and Mrs, Frank Cara
ballo; Mr., and Mrs, Ralph Arnold
and Mr.. and Mrs. Rudolph Boza.
Mr., and Mrs. James T, Cobb will
also be guests of the Cuban govern
ment during the celebration.
READ THE CITIZEN DAILY
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17

children equal educational oppor,
tunities.
In the District Of Columbia ease,
Chief Justice Warren said the de.
cision announced in the case of the
states also would apply to Wash,
ington but under a different sec.
ton Of the Constitution.
I'VE hold" Warren said, THAI
racial segregation in the public
schools Of the District of Columbia
is . denial Of the due process Of
law guaranteed BY the Fifth
Amendment to the Constitution. p
District Of Celumbia
The Fifth Amendment applies to
the federal government and Con.
gress makes the laws for this
federal district.
As the chief justice noted, the
District of Columbia case hinged
on the 'due process" clause Of the
Fifth Amendment rather than the
equal protection clause" of the
18th Amendment, on which the
state cases were based.
The court has ruled that the
Fifth Amendment applies only to
the federal government-not to the
states.
In the District of Columbia case,
Warren said:
Segregation in public. education
is not reasonably related TO any
proper governmental objective,
and thus 1t imposes on Negro
children of the district q burden
that constitutes On arbitrary de.
priyation of their liberty In viola.
ton of the due process clause"
Atty. Gen, Brownell, who was in
the courtroom and heard the read
ing of Warren's opinions, said he
had no comment, Former Seere-
tary of State Dean Aeheson, also
in the courtroom, told newsmen
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17

ond place civilian float. This Dc.
pieted an alter with several child.
rem praying. On the side were the
words: "Prayer - Power for
Peace"
Air Development Squadron One
Vx-i.) second place military float.
This depicted a sinking submarine
and showed the power that we
have for peace.
U. S. Fleet Sonar School Band
took SECOND place for the best
band.
The trophies awarded were do
mated by j. ]. Trevor, president,
Florida National Bank at Key
West.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17

TALLAHASSEE La So Florida
State School Sypt. Thomas D.
Bailey today called for sober and
careful thinking, together with
planning untaipted by hysteria" in
carrying ont the u. s. Supreme
Courts ruling against racial seq
regation in public schools.
Atty. Gen. Richard w. Erwin
said "as I see it there is no i'm
mediate disruption of our school
system but there viii be a con-
siderable period of delay and an
opportunity TO argue 10 the court
the time required and the coudi-
tons under which the Transition to
non-segregation will be effected.
This our state will do"
Bailey, who heads the Florida
public school system, said:
"The u. s. Supreme Court ruling
is about what had been generally
predicted.
"The decision to be made BY
state and local Officials relating
to the courts opinion demand sober
and careful thinking together with
planning untainted by hysteria.
The phenomenal progress of
public education in Florida during
the past decade must be preserved.
I am convinced that sufficient time
Will be allowed to formulate plans
to deal with this issue. Some final
decisions remain to be made by
the Supreme Court which will nc
doubt influence the planning we
are called on to do in Florida.
"All the facts I've seen indicate
we've made greater progress in
Florida in providing comparable
facilities than any of the South.
eastern states"
Bailey added that from talking
to Negro principals and teachers
he thinks lin good many areas
they will voluntarily prefer segre-
gated schools where they have
adequate facilities"
Atty, Gen. Erwin said;
"The courts decision, while rM-
ing out segregation ais legal prin-
ciple, apparently takes into con-
sidefatieH the impact it would
have il Immediately made opera
live In the states which have seq
regation.
The court does not order imme.
date non-segregation but permits
opportunity for the states to pre-
sent argument as to the time need,
cd in which to make the adjust,
ment to non,segregation and also
whether a special master of the
federal district courts shall super
wise the time and conditions under
which the adjustment shall be
made.
''As ! see it, there is no imme.
date disruption of our school sys-
tenn but there will be . consider
able period of delay and an oppor-
tslnity to argue TO the court the
time required and the conditions
under which the transition to non
Segregation viii be effect. This our
state will do" i
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17

Although white men learned only
in comparatively recent times that
malaria is carried by mosquitoes,
the Nasal, a tribe in Central Afri.
ca have known it for so long that
their word for malaria means liter.
ally Il have been bitten by q mos
quito.">
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17
WILSON WILL LISTEN

SEOUL Up - Defense Secretary
Charles E. Wilson and several top
ranking us. diplomatic and mill
tary officials conferred briefly to-
day with South Korean President
Syngmaa Rhee,
Wilson is making . threeday
visit to ''de . lot Of listening and
very little talking"
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17

the court had delivered a "great
and ststesman-like decision.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-05-17

SUBSCRIBE 70 THE CITIZEN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-30
CID chcirmun Named

Abraham Levine, Washington
attorney, has been named WASH
ington district chairman Of the
Criminal Investigation Division
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-30
ALL and Clio Chiefs
Hail No-:Raiding
Pact al Dinner

The American Federation of
Labor and the Congress Of In
dustrial Organizations last night
celebrated the signing and rati-
fication of the AFL-CIO No
Raiding Agreement over dinner
at the Mayflower Hotel.
Taking official cognizance Of
the historic event in the labor
union field were George Meany,
president OF the AFL, and Wal
ter P. Reuther, who heads the
CIO. Also IN hand were the
presidents and executive officers
Of Ill unions affiliated with the
AFL and 80 Go unions.
Presiding at the dinner was
David L. Cole, former director
of the Federal Mediation and
Cancellation Service, who was
named impartial umpire under
the agreement, which bars q
union raiding another union to
get members.
Example for World Peace.
Mr.. Cole suggested that If the
nations of the world would ap-
proach their problems in the
same constructive fashion, there
would be hope for world peace.
Mr.. Meany declared the Amer
lean position in foreign affairs
has deteriorated to a remark
able degree in the last six
months. He said: We've got
to stand up to the Soviet Union
and recognize the Russians for
what they are on the basis OF
past experience.
He emphasized the Importance
of this Nations military alliance
with all the free nations, adding
that Russia has never indicated,
in any way, its willingness to CO.
operate, land until they do,
there is no reason why we should
try to compromise with a die
tatorship."
Stresses UniOnism.
Mr.. Reuther said that the
no-raiding policy would result in
unioniSm as a whole being more
important than the individual
unions themselves. AS a united
labor movement, he said, this
would mean there would be a
strengthening at the bargaining
table in connection with indi-
vidual contracts, as well as adj
vances on the social and eco
nomic fronts.
He said also that it would
mean progress in housing, social
security, fair taxation and ade-
quate defense for all.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-30

Agents Association. Mr.. Levine.
4131 North Henderson road.
Arlington, was formerly with the
Office Of Price Sterilization and
later the CID overseas.
Evening star., 1954-08-17
All 7 Toxpoyers Get Extr0Month
To Figure and File Returns

The other three installments are
due on the same dates as before
June Is. September Is and
January is.
However, If you choose to
make your final return before
the new April Is deadline. you
can wait until January 81, In
stead of January Is, as under
the old law. If you make your
final return on January 81. you
don't have to meet the fourth
quarter installment on January
Is.
More Time For Farmers.
Farmers get a little more time.
They can wait until February
l5 to file their final return on
previous years income, instead
OF January 81 as under the old
law. If they file this final re-
turn by February Is, they don't
have to make the fourth-quarter
return on January Is.
If you underestimate your tax
by more than 80 per cent, you
pay a penalty Of 6 per cent on
the amount above 80 per cent.
But farmers don't pay q penalty
unless they are more than one
third off.
Under the old law the penalty
could be much higher-up to is
per cent Of the unpaid bill.
But you don't pay any pen-
atty If you base your estimates
on last years tax, or last years
income; or if you pay 10 per
cent e662s per cent for farmers)
Of the tax figured by taking your
income up to the date Of the
return and extending it through
out the entire year.
Evening star., 1954-08-17

to work over his income tax
returns and about ! million tax
payers who have been required
to file advance estimates Of in
come are now relieved Of that
chore.
These are two important ad-
ministrative changes included in
~--~->-----~
Lost Of Series.
the big tax revision act recently
passed by Congress.
One change that affects all
individual taxpayers: The dead
line for final returns is shifted
from the traditional March is to
April IS. This change goes into
effect when you file your returns
next spring.
Taxpayers over IS no longer
are required to file returns If
their income is $1,000 or less.
Under the old law, they were
supposed to file a return If they
made more than $500.
Information Returns Out.
Further, all individuals are
relieved of filing information re-
turns-reports Of income paid
to others-unless they are in
business. Under the old law, an
individual had. to file an infor-
nation returns If he paid 5000
or more a year to any one per-
son. The information returns are
used as a check on other tax
payers.
Thus an individual who pays
a maid or yard man 5000 or more
doesn't have to report this now.
Big changes have been made
In requirements for fling quar-
terly4 advance estimates Of in
come and making payments
based on these estimates. These
changes affect estimates due in
1955-not 1854. You continue
this year under the old law.
If you make less than 500 not
subject to withholding. you don't
have to file quarterly advance
estimates-unless your total in
come Is 5000 or more If you
are single, or $4,000 or more for
married couples or single heads
of households.
Under the old law. you had to
file advance declarations and
payments II your income was
expected to exceed $4,000 plus
$500 for each exemption.
$4,000 Requires Filing.
Thus a married couple had to
file these advance estimates if
their income was S. TOO or more.
A family of four had to file If
their income was $500 or more.
But none of these will have to
file next year unless they make
$4,000 or more.
If your income includes more
than 500 not subject to with
holding, you are still required
to file estimated returns, pro-
vided your total income is ex-
pected to exceed $400. plus $500
for each exemption.
Thus, a single person will be
required to file estimates If he
makes more than $1,000; a mar
ried couple if they make more
than $1,000; a family of four if
they make more than $4,000.
Under the old law, taxpayers
with more than $100 income not
subject to withholding had to
file estimates if their income
exceeded 5000.
If you have to file estimated
returns. the deadline for the
first estimate and payment is
April Is, instead Of March Is.
Evening star., 1954-08-17
Oil Import Picture Changes

LONDON.-Imports Of refined
oil made up 81 per cent Of Brit
aims total imports Of oil in 1898.
Today refined products are only
81 per cent of total oil imports.
Evening star., 1954-08-17
ur Copy Of To-Do-It-Y Yourself Instructions!

Get Your Copy Of Eosy-To-Do-It- Instructions!
It it's mode Of foam rubber you'll find The Hecht Co.'S and
complete 9th Floor Goodyear Aoom center Get foam rubber the
foot get in the form Of upholstery cushions bed pillows throw
pillows toss pillows chair chair pod utility pod You've heard
much about
you'll find all floor The Hecht Co.'S BRIGHT fresh
Goodyear African Center the 9th floor Washington Store It's
to doityoursef and with Goodyear African.
Evening star., 1954-08-17
You and Your Tex Low
By chorles z. Borrett
Assoeiatsd Press Writer

Everybody gets another month
to work over his income tax
returns and about million tax
payers who have been required
to file advance estimates Of in
come are now relieved of that
chore.
These are two important ad-
ministrative changes included in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
1877 Fons Get Free Ride.
Storm Hats New York Races,
Believed First Time in History

League baseball games. Various
college football scrimmages along
the Atlantic Seacoast were not
held because of the storm.
The Discovery Handicap, a
$25, 000-added affair of a mile
and an eighth for three-year
olds, which was to have high
lighted today's Aqueduct pro-
gram, was rescheduled for next
Friday. The track refunded the
$50 nominating fees to 38 owners.
Veteran racegoers could recall
only two other times in recent
years when q track card in New
York was called of. On June 6,
1874. all programs were Cancelled
following President Roosevelt's
request that all citizens go to
church and pray for the success
of the D-Day activities. Two
years later, strike of grooms
blacked out one day.
But there was a bit Of bright
ness to the storm. The l37 spec
tators who had to be ushered
out Of the park when the pro-
gram was Cancelled, were brought
back to New York City-for free
by the Long Island Railroad.