davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-02
independence Offer Rejected
Recently by Island Legislature

have been responsible for con-
tinuing outbreaks Of violence,
both in this country and in
the island.
In October 1850. 80 persons
were killed in Puerto Rico in a
revolt led by Pedro Albizu Cam
pos of the Nationalist Party.
The rebellion was quelled cas-
lily.
Campos was given jail terms
totaling 81 years. but was re-
moved to a hospital in 1851 when
doctors testified he was suffer-
ing from Authorizations. They
said Campos thought he was
being bombarded by electronic
rays.
Freed on Pardon.
Campos was pardoned by Gov.
Munoz last September and freed
from Jail after doctors reported
he was mentally i'll. He told re-
porters in San Juan yesterday
he had no comment ON the
shootings.
Shortly after the abortive re-
volt there, two Nationalist SYM
pathizers tried to assassinate
President Truman in Washing
ton on November /. 1850. One
OF them was killed. as was a
White House guard. The sur
viving Puerto Rican gunman.
Oscar Colleazo, was sentenced to
death but President Truman
committed the sentence to life
Imprisonment.
The independence issue reached
the United Nations last fall when
the United States said Puerto
Rico no longer was in depend
ent status and that. conse-
quently. Washington would no
longer forward reports on condi-
tions in the island common
wealth to the world body.
India protested, declaring
Prime Minister Nehru's govern
ment was not convinced that
Puerto Rico enjoyed full self
government. 1t was then that
Mr.. Lodge told the U. N. Presi-
dent Eisenhower was willing to
ask Congress to grant full indie
pendence.
u. S. Funds Factor.
This led Gov. MunoZ to re-
affirm that Puerto Rico does
not want either statehood or
complete independence. He told
the islands Legislature that
such steps would mean a two
thirds cut in the funds now
available from the United
States.
The Legislature then voted
overwhelmingly on January II
and IA of this year to reject any
independence proposals.
The resolution, as approved.
declared the Puerto Rican
people had already expressed
themselves as favoring the con-
tinuation of the bond with the
United States.
This was done in a popular
referendum June 4. 1851, which
showed three-to-one prefer
ence for a commonwealth status
in association with the United
| States. Under the new Puerto
| Rican constitution that Carrib-
bean territory elects its own Of
f1cials and legislature. 1t has a
commonwealth relationship with
the United States, but manages
it's own internal affairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-02
Blast at Communism
Brings Cheers From
Delegates at Caracas

CARACAS, Venezuela, Mar. 2.
delegates to the 10th Inter-
American conference took a car.
nival holiday this Shrove Tues
day after an opening session
which cheered an attack on COM
muniSm.
Colombia'S foreign minister.
Evaristo Sourdis, responding to
the welcoming address Of PreSi-
dent Col. Marcos Perez Jimenez
of Venezuela yesterday, was in
terrupted by the applause for his
denunciation of "the forces Of
evil which operate in darkness. !"
Mr.. Sourdis called for defense
of the continent wherever total
ttarian aggression presents it
self" He urged the countries OF
the Western Hemisphere to
adopt. 1.-The necessary measures
to impede or uproot all activity
which tends to encourage the
dominance of international
creeds which threaten the free
nations of the world"
Communism a Chief Topic.
Communist infltration of the
hemisphere is one of the chief
topics of the conference, attend
ed by the foreign ministers IT
the United States and 10 Latin
American nations. But Latin
Americans consider economic
matters. including United States
financial plans, the chief item.
The first plenary session met
In a magnificent, wire-protected
auditorium at nearby University
City only about an hour after
group of Puerto Rican national
lists shot and wounded five men,
bers of the United States House
of Representatives in Washing
ton.
One of the Puerto RicanS told
police they timed their attack in
an attempt to influence opinion
at the conference against the
United States, which has granted
Puerto Rico commonwealth
status and offered it full indie
pendence whenever the island
erS want it.
Secretary of State Dulles is
sued a statement saying he was
deeply shocked" Arturo Mo-
rales Carbon. Puerto Rican UNI
dersecretary of state and a men,
Der of the United States delega-
ton, expressed distress and said,
81 think it was an act of sheer
lunacy."
Red Leaders Seized.
About the time Mr.. Sourdis
was speaking. a responsible
source reported two actions by
Venezuela's security forces-ar-
rest of J. Villagroel. head of the
Communist underground here.
and orders for Jai Marine Singh,
who was Interior Minister of the
leftist British Guiana govern
ment ousted last fall. to leave
Venezuela.
The reason for Singh's expul-
sion was not disclosed. He told
q news conference here Saturday
the British will face an armed
rebellion if they do not give Brit
ish Guiana independence.
Shrove Tuesday is observed by
many Latin Americans as a pre-
lenter carnival day. Conference
sessions will resume tomorrow.
President Perez Jimenez gave a
reception for the heads of the
delegations at Miraf1ores Palace
last night.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-02

Puerto Rico, whose fanatics
have twice brought bloodshed to
the Nations Capital in recent
years, has been offered indie
pendence by the United States
but both houses of its Legislative
Assembly have voted overwhelm-
ingly to turn it down.
Henry Cabot Lodge. American
delegate to the United Nations
told the U. N. last November:
IF at any time the Legislative
Assembly of Puerto Rico adopts
resolution in favor of MORE
complete or even absolute indie
pendence, he president Eisen-
hower) will Immediately recon-
mend to Congress that such in
dependence be granted"
Later in December. however,
botn houses of the assembly re-
jected the offer by overwhelming
votes.
Puerto Rico's pro-American
Governor, Luis Munoz Marin, is
leading his island people toward
industrialization and is proud OF
their status as members OF an
American commonwealth new
concept written into the Puerto
Rican constitution, adopted in
July, 1852. But this is not enough
for the islands radical Nation
alist Party.
Party Sees "Interloper."
The party. formed in 1928. re-
CARDS the United States as an
"interloper," and demands COM
plete independence for Puerto
Rico. 1t is small in numbers, but
many of its members are we'll
educated fanatics who may have
responded in recent years to
Communist influence.
The party bases its emotional
appeal to Puerto Ricans upon the
islands troubled history going
back beyond the Spanish-Amer
can War of 1898, when this
country originally acquired the
Caribbean outpost. Under Span
ish rule more than 80 per cent
of the people were illiterate. 81
per cent of the children were not
in school, and the islands death
rate was 35 per 1000.
Although American efforts
have done much in SIS years to
bring the islands 3,435 square
miles of population-crowded ter
ritory to reasonable prosperity
the heritage of hatred still per-
sists in the Nationalist Party. Yet
American-sponsored sanitation
efforts have helped to double the
population, illiteracy has dropped
to 31.5 per cent, and increased
employment opportunities have
been afforded the islands people
Elects Legislature, Governor.
Furthermore, although Puerto
Rico is still a possession Of the
United States, it has been given
large measure of political in
dependence. For some years II
has elected its own legislature;
under the constitution of 1852
it also now elects its own Gov
ernor, a post formerly filled by
an appointee of the President
of the United States.
The Nationalist Party, how
ever, is not satisfied. It's mem
bers maintain that the island
is not legally an American pos
session, and should be complete.
ly free. Although they may moi
number more than $500, they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-02

tremists. said yesterday. ITS too
bad a thing like that could hap
pen." when informed i've Con-
gressmen had been shot In the
House chamber.
IT am sorry to hear about it,"
he said. II hope none Of them
(the Congressmen) are seriously
injured"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-02
By John Y. Homer

Lolita Lebron, a dark little
woman whose eyes flashed de-
fiantly. stood in the glare OF
newsreel lights last night and
challenged the Government to
prosecute her.
IT want the law to punish me, y
she snarled to reporters and
photographers. Were not seek
ing to escape 1t.
II did not shoot to kill. ! shot
to acquire freedom for my coun-
try. shot to bring attention Of
the world-to you, to all-the
terrible plight Of the Puerto
Rican people.
II am not sorry for what
did"
This was the explanation of
yesterdays tragic gunfire in the
House from the lips Of the self
confessed leader Of the terrorist
quartet.
Volunteers Interview.
Mrs. Lebron. a 34-year-old d.
vorcee and the mother of two
children, appeared voluntarily
for an interview in Metropolitan
Police headquarters with one Of
her accomplices. Rafael Concel
Miranda.
She wore a gray suit, beige
hose and black shoes. She car
ried a small black hat. Her lips
were freshly painted a bright red.
In her black hair was a small.
inexpensive red comb. and she
wore silvery ear drops. Around
her neck was a little green scarf.
Mrs. Lebron had told police
she Matched the plot In New
York one week earlier-on the
birthday Of George Washington.
She rounded up her three male
companions. and they bought
one-way railroad tickets to
Washington. She said they did
not expect to return to New
York. They expected to sacrifice
themselves for their cause.
Mrs. Lebron said the shooting
demonstration was timed DELHI
erately to coincide with the
opening of the Pan American
Conference in Caracas. Vene-
zuela. She thought it would
dramatic "the problem of colo
nialism.
Arrived Before Noon.
The four zealots arrived in the
Capital before noon yesterday.
They walked around Capitol Hill.
At length they went to the House
of Representatives. But it was
not clear why they picked the
House over the Senate. or why
they picked the Capitol over
other branches of Government.
except this:
THE House is important.
That's where they make the
laws. isn't it?" That quote was
attributed to one of the Puerto
Ricans by a Metropolitan detec-
tive.
The visiting quartet, packing
concealed pistols and carrying
extra ammunition. took seats in
the visitors gallery of the House.
They heard Majority Leader
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-02
Shooting at Capitol
Too Bod, Truman Says

KANSAS CITY, Mar. 2 (R.-
Former President Truman, once
the target of Puerto Rican ex-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11
State Legislature .

Continued from rage One)
Speaker Walter Sillers of the
House of Representatives presid-
ing, the Governor repeated his as
sertion of disappointment over the
Negro leaders attending the meet
ing because of their failure to en-
dorse a program designed to cir
cumvent the decision of the United
State Supreme Court, and which
would have held out to the Negroes
of the state little or no hopes for
improvement in their conditions as
a result of the Supreme Court de-
cision in regard to racial segrega-
ton.
Meanwhile, a survey among the
responsible Negro leaders of the
state, including some officials of
the NAACP whose membership
represents only a fraction of the
barest possible minority of the
states Negro population, reveals
that the drive to abolish the States
public school system represents an
exaggerated view of the desires of
the Negroes of the state for inte-
grafton of schools. Most respons-
ible Negroes of the state who
have anything to say in regard to
Indignation see it as only pos
sible means. under certain circum-
stances, especially as regards
graduate and professional schools,
of reducing the cost of education.
The real desire and aim of the
Negro citizens, of Mississippi,
which they see as having been for
titled by the Supreme Court deci-
sion in the school segregation
cases, is equality of education for
their children.
The survey also reavelad that
responsible Negro leaders Of the
state, who represent an almost one
hundred per cent majority of the
Negro citizens of the state were
greatly disappointed by the Gov
errors statement following the
now famous state wide meeting
that he had lost all confidence in
Negro leaders. They point out
that what the state needed before
the court desicion, and what it
needed at the time of the meeting,
and what it needs now more than
ever is mutual confidence and re-
spect between Negro and white
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11

daughters wedding, a street length
dress Of dusty rose lace.
Following the wedding, recep-
ton was held at the home Of the
brides cousins, Mr.. and Mrs. A.
l.. Traylor, for out-of-town guests,
friends and relatives. After spend
ing some time with their guests,
the couple left for a wedding trip
to Fernandina Beach, Florida. They
will reside in Alcorn, Mississippi.
Mrs. Ramos is a graduate of
Hampton Institute and has stud
led at the New York Institute of
Dietetics She has been employed
as dietitian at Arkansas A. M. & N.
College, Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
The bridegroom graduated from
Hampton Institute and has done
graduate study at New York Uni
versity. He is at present Business
Manager of Alcorn A & NJ College,
Alcorn, Mississippi.
Among out-of-town guests at
tending were: Mrs. Julia Hamilton,
Georgetown, Ky; Mrs. Bulah E.
Mason, Nicholsville, KY; Mrs.
Evelyn Davidson, New York city;
Mrs. Corrie Wilson, Greenville,
S. c.; DR.. and Mrs. Clifford, M. R.
Sterrs, Mrs. Hattie Trammell, Miss
Jennie Pearl Stanley, Mr.. Lee and
Mr.. A. Morgan of Atlanta, Mr..
Earnest L. Lamb, Pine Bluff, Ark. !;
Mr.. FELTON, L. Lamb, Little Rock,
Ark; and Mrs. Minnie Traylor,
Chicago. I'll.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11

Miss Jane T. Davidson, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Alphonso David
son of West Point, Georgia, be-
came the bride of Mr.. Joseph A.
Ramos, son of the late Mr.. and
Mrs. Manuel F. Ramos of Boston,
Mass, and presently Business
Manager Alcorn Ann College, in
an impressive $50 pm. ceremony,
Sunday, August IS, at the Eman-
uel Chapel Methodist Church in
West Point, Georgia.
Officiating at the double-ring
recemony was the Reverend T. C.
Lightfoot, pastor of the church. A
program of nuptial music was rem
dered by Miss Bernice Winston,
pianist and Mrs. Walter Bennett,
vocalist. Preceding the ceremony,
Mrs. Bennett sang 81 Love Thee"
and as the bride and groom knelt
at the altar, she sang "A Wedding
Prayer"
A huge basket OF yellow gladden.
and carnations with two branch
candelabra of tall cleaning tapers
on either side and entwined with
emerald foliage decorated the al
tar to which the bride was es-
corted by her father.
Mr.. E. X. Patterson, Supt. of
Buildings and Grounds, Alcorn,
served as best man for the bride
groom. The ushers We're Messrs
T. o. McJunkins, Alcorn; Walter
Bennett, Vicksburg, Miss, A. c.
Carpenter, Alcorn; Forester David
son, George Baker, an Alonza Ram
son, all of West Point, Georgia.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11

Jerry Overstreet split the tears
over the sidewalk when he heard
of his buddy leaving. Cheer up
fellow we girls will keep you
company.
Fashions: The girls are wearing
skirts that gives the view and
shirts blouses, bobby socks and the
different colors of loafers that
gives them the cute casual look.
Hair cuts are modern and very
stylish for a young lady but get
it shaped to the curves of your
facial glance. There is not much
change in fashion for the boys,
they are still wearing sport pants
in tailored style; plaid shirts,
loafers, and the coats are terrific
with sharp pleats in the back or
those eye watching splits in the
sides. The sport neckties are out
of this world because Of the medal
ends with the pointed arrows so
that the young stay in good groom
ing.
Have good time next week,
sit in the moonlight with your
lover, do good things, take time
out and read a Bible verse and
you will see that you will be bet
ter boys and girls.
l will see you next week, bye
now.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11

Mrs. LaBlanche Trail Of George
town, Kentucky, was matron of
honor. The bridesmaids were Mrs.
Pearl Philpotts, Mrs. Lois Baker,
Mrs. Hattie L. Davidson of West
Point, Miss Jennie Mason of Mich
olsville, Kentucky, Mrs. Gladys
Davis of Pine Bluff, Arkansas and
Miss Geraldine Marks of Licking
ton, Kentucky. The matron of hon.
or and all of the bridesmaids wore
ballerina length gowns of turquoise
crystal taffeta and bandeaus of the
same color. All of the bridal at
tendants carried bouquets of yell
low carnations. .a
The bride chose for her wedding
a lovely waltz length gown of ny
Ion net over satin with shirred
bodice. The bonfont skirt was
trimmed with wide bands of Chan
tilly lace and was accented with a
short jacket of lace topped with a
Peter Pan collar. The gown also
was highlighted with tiny buttons
down the front and long sleeves
ending in lily points over the hands.
The brides veil was Of finger tip
length and made of nylon illusion
and edged with lace which fell
from bandeau of orange blossom,
She carried a white bible centerl
ed with a white orchid and step
hanotis. Her only jewelry was
pair of earrings of cultured pearls,
a gift of the bridegroom.
The brides mother chose for her
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11
Local DeItas
Attend National
Convention

Eight local Deltas were among
the 1000 delegates who were in
New York City, August 1920, in
attendance at the 23rd National
Convention of Delta Sigma Theta
Sorority, Inc. The Hotel Roosevelt
served as convention headquarters,
and, also, provided housing accom-
modations for more than 800 of the
delegates present.
Highlighting the convention
were the United Nations Seminar
and Luncheon held in the United
Nations General Assembly Build
ing; the Americas Town Meeting
of the Air broadcast over ABC
Network; and the Pioneers of OPP
portunity" Luncheon, during which
tribute was paid to four outstand-
ing Deltas, two Of them were Miss
Mattiwilda Dobbs and Mrs. Gladys
N. Bates.
Other convention activities in
cluded the plenary session, work.
shops, discussion sessions, q dra-
matte presentation, Delta Woman
on the March," and the traditional
Delta Get Acquainted" Hour,
Delta Banquet and Dance. Courte-
sizes extended to the convention
guests included an informal recep-
ton given by the New York Am
sterdam News; Moonlight
Cruise Up the Hudson" hosted by
the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity;
an Inter- raternal Reception and
Dance; a fashion show and lunch
con, featuring top-flight NYC
models and score of women in the
Armed Services flown in from the
Pentagon for the occasion; Delta
Day at Shangri-La" as guests Of
the Shangri-La Country Club, Ma
panoch, N. Y, and sightseeing
tours.
Delegates were loud in their
praise of the hostess chapters,
other Greek-lettered organizations,
and the New York City citizenry-
at-large for making the convention
most enjoyable one.
Miss Dorothy I. Height was re-
elected Grand President.
Local Deltas attending included
Mesdames Nellis B. Williams, Lu-
ellie w. Price, Ernestine Lipscomb,
Addie N. Burger (Hattiesburg),
Alma Laster, Gladys N. Bates,
president-elect of Alpha Chi Sigma
Chapter, who served as voting dele
gate, Misses Ruth Shirl and Mar
celle Rhodriquez.
Mesdames Burger, Lipscomb and
Laster and Misses Shirley and
Rhodriquez extended their stay in
NYC by several days to visit with
relatives and friends. Mrs. Will
liams stopped in Washington, D. c..
for a weeks visit with her brother
and family; Mrs. Price visited
briefly in Chicago with her son and
family; and Mrs. Bates visited in
Hackensack, New Jersey and Chi
cago, Illinois before making the
return trip home.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11
BY LEATHA ANDERSON

Hello verybody! l know we
can hardly wait until those great
doors open (school doors). Yes
we are on our toes to see our new
and old teachers, friends and all
the good happenings, such as foot
football, socials, and yes new fash
IONS
Before we start stretching our
eyeballs to see who has whose
boy friend, let us give you a birds
eye view of what this column is
for. Chatterbox is dedicated par
ticularly to teen-agers, and here
after we will have hints on home
church, school, parties and fash
ions.
Tuesday night was the sweetest
night in September because out at
Jackson College recreation hall,
was a back to school party, given
by these young ladies': Juliette
Blackburn, Mary E. Thomas, Dana
and Janice johnson, Danette Sa-
lone, and Shirley Reddis (who has
just returned from Cuba with her
parents.) We had swell time and
| must say that there was fun for
everybody, and don't mention re-
freshments. l ate so much
skipped my breakfast next morn
ing (smile). They had the place
beautifully decorated with ideals of
school, and the music was sincere
with these hep kittens and cats,
who I saw on the floor: Eugene
Pleasant, Alfred Rand, Jack Pat
ton, Emerson Jackson, Elijah
Slaughter, WILDER WEIGH, Dock
Dorsey, Walter Welch, Eugene
Dorsey, Johnnie B. Dyse, Willie
Mae Frazier, Brenda Summers,
Vera White, Ben Allen, Jr., Carsie
Hall, Jr., Jack Powell, Eddie Coyt,
Roland Luckett, Bernard Johnson,
Margie Caldwell, Swancie Bowie,
James King, Willie A. Brown,
Sherold Holly, Stevie M. Catch
ings, Jerry Overtsreet, Charlie
Brown, Audrie Drummond, Andrew
Bells, Solomon Gibbs, Savannah
Miller, Buddy Ford, Helen Green
field and Lester Rhome. pardon
for not having everyone's name
but | just couldn't remember ev-
erybody's name.)
The romantic couple at the
dance were: Janice Johnson and
Jessie Reed. The saddet looking
boy was Roland Lucket, because
Berkie Lou Johnson wasn't there.
Dorothy Dean Thomas was like
wise because Pat Smith wasn't
there.
Wednesday morning Jackson was
a departing crossroad for quite a
few of our friends. Byron Will
liams left for Tennessee State,
Dock Dorsey and Walter WEIGH
for the Air Force, Lester Rhome
will go to school could not leave
in sixty days. We all will miss
our dear friends but ] am sure
the fun will go on. Of course,
it is being said around town that
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11
BOLTON News.

St. Thomas Church and COM
munity news.
The St. Thomas M. B. Church,
pastored by Rev. r. w. West,
has just closed successful meet
ing. The Rev. A. L. T. Smith fed
their sin sick souls. Sixteen were
added to the church.
We were happy to have Mrs.
Bertha Harper and her little dau-
ghter return from Chicago, where
they have spent the summer with
relatives and friends.
Mrs. Cicil Thomas has; just come
from Columbia University, where
she received her master degree.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Gamble says
the North is fine for stay, but they
yet enjoy the South.
Mrs. Lille Walker, has return
ed from Chicago, and Indiana,
where she went to visit her son.
The Women's Auxiliary sponsor
ed a baby contest in the interest
of the church.
The sponsors were as follows:
Sis Eva Scott-(baby) Difn Ann
Burns, $500.
Sis Mary E. Tyler (baby) Robbie
Ann West $16.13.
Sis. Ruth Sanders (baby) Carrie
M. Denton 1888.
Sis. Apple Williams (baby) j.
Earl Harper $20.63.
Sis. Mollie Bradley (baby) WON
ne V. Hardaway 5000.
Sis. Hazel Lemons (baby) Brinda
Harper. $9.08.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1954-09-11


leaders of the state, and expressed
the hope that efforts will be con-
tinued for cooperation and good
will between Negro and white
leaders for the further good of
the state.
Acting Immediately on the bill
to authorize adjustment of the
public school, the House committee
on the Constitution by go vote
gave its approval to the bill which
will come up for immediate con-
sideration.
Despite some strong opposition
voices the bill is expected to pass
by an overwhelming vote.