davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
Senate

Passage Of q bill to create
a 5000 million reserve. avail
able Tor advances to States.
from collections Of unemploy-.
nient tax funds in excess
Of administrative expenses.
Passed 7s-3.s
tsfs Neall e., Md, Butler fR..
Md, BYRD lDa VAL, Rohertson
(Dss Val,
jcompiied ~ consssssionsi Quarterly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
By GeroId Worino

prime minister to go outside
his party's group in Parlia-
ment to get men to serve in
his cabinet. On the few occa-
sions when prime ministers
have done so, they've been mo-
tivated by political considera-
tions, or by the belief that the
particular qualifications Of
some man outweighed his par
liamentary inexperience.
Most cabinet members first
win their spurs as MPs. then
undergo sfurther training as
parliamentary assistants TO
cabinet ministers before they
are eligible for cabinet APP
pointments.
Mr.. Harris Is one Of the
comparatively young cabinet
ministers who came up
through the ranks. He has
been q member Of Parliament
since 1910. and In l947 was
appointed parliamentary as
sistant to Mr.. st. Laurent
when the latter was Secretary
of State In the cabinet Of
Prime Minister Mackenzie
King. After Mr.. st. Laurent
took over the rhine minister
ship following Mr.. Kings re-
tirement in I948, Mr.. Harris
served until 1850 as parlia-
mentary assistant to the Prime
Minister. Then he entered
& the cabinet as Minister Of I'm
migration.
immigration Chief
He earned his recent promo
ton by his administration Of
the governments selective I'M
migration policy. which has
brought more than I million
newcomers to Canada since
World War II, and BY his po-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
D. c. Hurries to Keep Up With School Problem
BY JONES 6. Deone

WaSllington's $35 million
school construction program
gets under way next month
and with a vengeance.
Like schools across the
Nation. many of WaShington's
public school buildings are
bullying at the seams. The
postwar bumper baby crop,
and a continuous population
immigration Chiefly Negro,
have crowded many class
rooms beyond recognized edu-
cational limits, and parents
along with teachers and school
administrators have been
clamoring for relief.
Not all the Districts schools
are full, for the Capitals
white school population grad.
ually has been diminishing.
aud some buildings have been
left with vacant space. This
fall, with the beginning Of
racial desegregation. some Of
the serious pupil overloads IN
Negro schools will be spread
into these empty classroonns.
Building enrollments will be
balanced up more substantial
ly in September, 1855, when
the desegregation process is
slated to be completed.
But race indignation will not
end all, or even nearly all,
classroom crowding, for some
sections Of the city have out
grown all accessible school
space. The problem is reflected
In statistics. The Districts
public school population this
past school year was q record
103,778. In September, 1t Is
expected to climb to between
1O6,O 900 and 100000. BY 1858
officials see Q further Jump to
around 117,000, or o total gain
In the next four years Of $4,000
pupils. And the end Is not yet
In sight.
IS Jobs on List ia
Congress approved the $35
million worth Of new school
copstruction now included In
the city's public works program
In order to meet this rising
curve Of demand. Some IS
construction projects new
buildings, requirements or adj
ditions-are in the total pro-
gram. Seven Of them are
slated to get under way in the
current fiscal year (Which
started this month";. These
first seven projects will cost
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
Walter Harris, an Unknown, Looms
As Likely St. Laurent Successor

litical success In Stalemating
the Conservatives in his ma
tive province of Ontario.
Finance is one of the most
important and responsible
cabinet jobs. and moves Mr.
Harris to the forefront among
the possible successors to MIR.
st. Laurent.
Others prominently mem
toned include Secretary Of
State Lester B. Pearson, 81,
and Mr.. Harris own sue
cessor as immigration min
lister, John w. Pickersgill,
former BRAIN truster to Mac
kenzie King. and probably the
most skillful political strate-
gist Of the three.
If Mr.. st. Laurent were to
retire Soon-which he has
shown no desire to do--Mr.
Pearson's chances would rival
those Of Harris. On the posi-
tive side are his experiences In
foreign affairs. hts high pres
tige In Canada and abroad,
and his great personal popl-
larity. Against his chances OF
swinging a party convention
are his inexperience in and dis
interest in domestic politics.
Moreover, it's doubtful If
he would actively seek the
party leadership. He has de-
clined opportunities to re-
linquish foreign affairs and
gain broadening experience in
the administration of other
departments of government.
He has indicated that his only
interest is in remaining in the
field Of foreign affairs. It's
believed his ambition lies to-
ward the secretary generalShip
of NATO. which will become
vacant next year. rather the
prime miT1istersIlip Of Canada.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

nearly STD million, and they
will make this the Districts
biggest school construction
year since before World War
II, and probably In the city's
history.
Two junior highs. two grade
schools and three grade-school
additions are on this fiscal
year schedule. All except one
are In the eastern half Of the
city, where both colored and
white populations are burgeon-
ing. The projects are these:
o Junior high at Fourth
street and Mississippi avenue
Sc, to cost 50. 405 900. This
school, planned to serve the
area south Of st. Elizabeths
Hospital. Is needed to relieve
serious crowding at Kramer
Junior High and provide class
rooms for the most rapidly
growing white area Of WASH
ingtop. Ground will be broken
In September and the doors
probably win open in Febru-
airy, 1956-in time. officials
hope. to head OF part-time
classes at Kramer.
. Junior high ut Minnesota
avenue and Foote street NE,
to cost $2.588, 888. This nrand-
new school also is urgently
needed, to relieve crowding at
colored Browne, Eliot and
Kelly Miller. some of whose
overflow will move in Septem-
Der to white Eastern Junior
High b. Groundbreaking is
planned in November and
opening early in 1856.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

OTTAWA.-The odds favor
ing Walter Harris as the next
leader of the Liberal Party
and possible Prime Minister
Of Canada have increased
markedly since Mr.. Harris re-
cent appointment as Minister
of Finance.
This 50-year-old lawyer who
is comparatively unknown
even in Canada, succeeded
Douglas C. Abbott in the Min
istry Of Finance. Mr. Abbott
had been the odds-on favorite
as the likely political heir Of
72-year-old Prime Minister
Louis st. Laurent wher the
latter retired, but by accepting
appointment to the Supreme
Court, Mr.. Abbott bowed out of
the leadership contest.
It's almost certain that Mr..
st. Laufent's successor will be
one of his present cabinet
ministers, there being no other
prominent Liberals with the
experience considered neces-
sary to run the affairs Of the
nation. In this respect the Ca
madam method of choosing
chief executives and cabinet
members differs from that fol-
lowed in the United States--to
Canada's advantage, many
Canadians believe.
No Amateur Statesmen
The selection Of q Prime
Minister from private or mill
tary life has never happened
in Canada. All Is prime min
listers since this country
emerged from colonial status
81 years ago have learned the
science of politics and states
manship by serving their APP
prenticeships in Parliament.
Moreover, It's rare for .
~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
BY John w. Thompson; j.

Not too long ago q smart
mouthpiece could plead q
guilty client mentally unfit to-
stand trial in the local courts
and have q fair chance Of
getting away with II.
The court would order a.
psychiatric examination. In
many instances the accused
was held unit. He was CONF
mitted to st. Elizabeths for q
period and then released rs
cured. BY that time the prose-
cutor often felt II would be-
useless to follow through be-
cause q defendant held mem
tally unit for trial might
easily be able To persuade q
jury that he was insane at
the time Of the crime.
When this loopaole was
pointed out BY The Star. both
the courts and the United
States Attorney moved to close
it. The courts stinened con-
ditions for. q plea Of mentally
unfit for trial. The United
States Attorney frightened fol-
low up procedures.
Two Board Decisions
Now three judges on the
U. 8. Court Of Appeals have
cut q new loophole favoring
the felon in the web Of pro-
lection that the law is sup
posed to provide for the law
abiding citizen. Their ruling
brOadened the basis on which
q criminal can plead insanity
and hints they might 60 still
further.
On July !, In the case Of
housebreaker Monte Durham,
the three appellate judges re-
verSed Judge Alexander Holt
zoff with the ruling that
judges and juries should con-
slider any mental abnorInality
present at the time Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

crime. Previously the criteria
for the insanity plea were abil-
ity to distinguish right from
wrong and whether the ac-
cused was acting under ire
siStible impulse. The appellate
judges said these criteria did
not cover the entire field Of
conditions under which q GRIM
inal might act without moral
responsibility.
Last Thursday the same
three judges Bazelon, Wash
ington and Edgertonover-
ruled Judge Henry Schwein-
haut In the murder trial Of
Willie Lee Stewart. who shot
down Grocer Harry Honik-
man In an attempt to rob his
store. Judge SchWeinhaut,
they said, made confusing dis
tinction between mental dis
ease" and mental disorder"
to the jury. They ordered q
new trial under the broadened
criteria established in the Dur
ham case.
Friend Of the Court
It is interesting that the
guiding spirit behind both de-
ciSions appears to have been
a Washington lawyer named
Abraham j. ChayeS who was
called in as q friend Of the
court.
Mr.. Chayes tried to persuade
them to go even further. He
advocated a rule Of diminished
responsibility In capital pun.
ishment cases. This would al
low q jury To convict the ac-.
cused on q lesser charge II
it found him suffering from
some mental disorder short Of
insanity under the old criteria.
The appellate Judges adj
mitted that this contention
was rejected here III l045 In
the case Of Fisher vs.. the
United States by their own
court. But they left the way
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
By George Kennedy

A Fairfax County resident
has an invention to end the
tragic deaths of children in
abandoned refrigerators. The
death toll from this type Of
accident, which broke out Ike
a rash last year. has risen 70
IS and there is general agree
ment tlat something has to be
done about 1t.
The inventor Is Silas A.
Morehouse of Chantilly, Va,
an early bird pilot and former
civilian employee Of the Air
Force
Mr.. Warehouses; invention
has the virtue Of simplicity.
The icebox door il held closed
by magnetism instead Of by .
spring latch. One magnet il
fastened to the center shelf
of the box; another to the In
Hl1G VI b11C 0OO4. WAACAA 0AAS
center shelf is removed there Is
nothing to hold the door closed.
And when the center shelf Is
In place, q child win not At In
the icebox.
He may be in the position OF
the fortunate few who have
come up with a 81 million In
yention. He had a search made
at the patent Office and was
surprised to find that no pat
ent has been issued for a safe
ty refrigerator door based on
using the center shelf as q
protective device. He has APP
piled for a patent,
The idea of using magnets
In refrigerators. however. is
not new. General Electric
used small alnico magnets en-
bedded in the gasket around
the outside Of the door on its
de luxe models in 1850 and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

. Elementary school at
Elvans and Morris roads Sc,
to cost $77S, 900. To be named
the Lucy E. Moten School.
this will relieve crowding and
provide modern facilities In an
area served by the colored
Birney, Garfield, Turner and
Turner Annex Schools. To be
started next month, 1t actually
was scheduled for construction
this past year but site conden-
nation proceedings caused de-
lay. Opening is expected In
September. 1855.
o Elementary school at Fifth
and M streets Sc. to cost ST.
O45, 900. This will replace the,
old Van Ness School. formerly
for Negroes, one block away.
Groundbreaking ID planned In
November and completion by
early 1856.
. Annex for Patterson Ele-
mentary School, South Capitol
between Danbury and Elmira
streets. to cost $685.. 900. Needed
TO relieve severe crowding In
this school. which serves q
bustling white area. Compile
ton is expected BY September.
1855.
. Third floor for Draper Ele-
mentary School, Fourth street
and Mississippi avenue Sc, to
cost $228,4OO. Draper, which
was opened only last Decem-
Der. already is one Of the city's
most crowded white schools.
New clasSrooms are expected
to be ready BY September.
1855.
. Addition to Shepherd Ele-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

open to depart from the Fisher
case If experience under the
present broadening Of the in
sanity grounds suggests 1t.
A survey presented to them
by Mr.. Chayes indicated this
controversial doctrine Is ac-
cepted In nine States. prob
ably in five more. It Is rejected
in six and probably rejected
in another I'VE.
United States Attorney Leo
Rover has requested that the
Durham case ruling be re-
heard by the entire nine
judges on the appeals bench.
1T Is Of no minimal con-
sequence to the community. at
large" he declared, that .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
Metropolitan Scene
New Court Ruling IS Seen as Boon for Criminals

division Or this court has
adopted d test Of criminal
responsibility that appears to
alter materially our settled
rule Of moral responsible
To the layrnan the special
consideration afforded by the
law to insane criminals is ire
quently incomprehensible. but
too well established to chal-
lenge. The danger is that the
practical effect of the new
doctrine win be that juries,
begged down In professional
pSychiatric testimony fire.
quently conflicting will send
to st. Elizabeths many who
ought to be in the pen. Dur
ham was In and out of st.
Elizabeths. each time being re-
leased as cured. Each time he
got out he committed another
crime.
In expanding the treatment
of the sick there is q prac-
tical threat of widening the
escape hatch for the scoundrel.
kA So
Montgomery County Dele
gate to the Maryland State
Legislature j. PAUL. Marshall
has been named acting exec
utive secretary Of the Robert
A. Taft Memorial Founda-
tion-an organization de-
signed to perpetuate the ideals
Of the late Senator from Ohio.
Ofhces are In the Union Trust
Building.
4 4 + Il
Quote Of the Week-Frorn
Senator Morse, Independent,
Of Oregon, during q hearing on
q bill to bar picketing at the
White House:
"As to the ban on picketing
at the Capitol. we ought to be
ashamed Of ourselves"
- \
The annual summer effort
by some Qreenbelt residents
to repeal the ban against
wearing Of shorts In their
business district has failed
again.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

d
mentary School. Fourteenth
street and Kaltnia road NV.
to cost $500. 400. This win pro-
vide extra space needed Ia this
up-to-now white school. Conn
pletion expected by late 1855.
"a Openings
Scheduled to open when
school resumes September IL
are additions to the Terrell
and Douglass Junior Highs
and at the Syphax Elementary
School, Hall and N streets
S.W. Due to be finished early
In 1855 Is q new grade school,
the Marion r. Shsdd. at
Fifty-fifth and East Capitol
streets. This opening may have
the strategic role Of ending
part-time classes ofilcials fear
may have to be set up this fall
ct nearby Richardson.
One other construction prof.
ect. not involving classrooms.
was provided for by Congress
this year. This Is Q football
field, track and 5000 bleacher
seats at Coolidge High School.
The cost will be $751;, 900. and
the new stadium should be
ready for next springs sports.
Congress updated this project
at its own initiative from q
later year In the works pro-
gram.
All this viii be, Of course.
is q beginning. Thirty-eight
other projects win still re-
main to be tackled, and most
officials right now doubt that
race integration win eliminate
any Of them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

1851. The magnets were made
Of nickel, cobalt and alumni
mum. The Korean war made
these materials critical and the
line was discontinued in 1851.
The purpose of the magnetic
door was convenience, not
safety. A foot treadle disen-
gagged the magnets. General
Motors also experimental with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18
And Now Comes Man With 'Kid-Proof lcebox

use Of his idea at Is cents .
refrigerator. It is not hard to
figure that il the industry has
to come around to using his
invention. his income would be
about $1.5 million q year.
There are two bills before
Congress to prevent the dis
tributiOn Of more refrigerators
that are potential death traps
for children. One was intro
duced by Senator Mansfield Of
Montana; the other by Senat
tor Sparkman Of Alabama.
Both have practically the same
language: That it shall be UNI
lawful to introduce into inter-
state commerce any refrigera.
tor unless 1t lis equipped with
Q latch which enables it TO be
opened from the inside Most
refrigerators. Of course, cross
State lines between factory
and home and 30 would fall
under the laws provision.
Mr.. Morehouse, who testi-
fied ct hearings on the bill
held by the subcommittee on
Business and Consumer In.
terest Of the Committee on In
terstate and Foreign Com
merce, believes he has the
latch that fills the bill.
Senator Purtell Of Connecti-
cut, chairman Of the subcom-
mittee. is very interested in
getting something done about
the refrigerator menace. Since
the introduction Of the bills
two children have been suf-
located In abandoned refriger-
ators in his State.
Industry representatives in
general opposed the bin at the
hearing. They said the prob
lem should be dealt with at
State and local levels. Twenty
States already have passed
legislation requiring the re-
frigerator door to be taken of
or the lock removed before 1t
is discarded. They pointed
out that this Federal legiSla-
ton would have no effect un-
til 10. Is or 20 years from now
when the new refrigerators
manufactured In conformance
to 1t become worn out and are
discarded.
AS for the MorehouSe in
vention. called "Silok." an in
dustry representative said It
would not hold the refrigera-
tor door tight enough to pre-
vent air leakage around the
rubber rim. The magnetic
latch on a refrigerator, which
Mr.. Morehouse showed the
subcommittee, had q pressure
Of eight pounds to the square
inch. Industry engineers said
80 to 40 pounds Is necessary.
Mr.. Morehouse said he
checked the latches on re-
frigerator doors and found
that eight pounds was typical.
If they really need more
pressure" says Mr.. More
house. I'VE can give 1t to them
with larger magnets"
The magnets he uses are far
more powerful than the old
horseshoe iron magnets which
are still . delight to children.
They are the alnico magnets.
the same make that General
Electric used. only larger.
Their strength is an important
part of his demonstration.
They are made by Crucible
Steel Co. and are magnetized
at very high temperatures. It
is difiicult to remove the iron
cross bar BY hand from an
alnico horseshoe magnet. It
takes a very strong arm to
wrest the bar away.
It would be rather difficult
to open q refrigerator door
with 40 pounds pressure keep
ing it closed. But 3 lever latch
could be devised to turn the
magnet on the door 50 that it
would no .longer be in direct
contact with the one On the
shell.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

magnets for It's Frigidaire
boxes.
Industry produces about six
million new refrigerators q
year. Mr.. MorehouSe believes
the manufacturers would flnd
they could produce the mag
netic lock more cheaply than
the spring latch. He would be
perfectly willing to license the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-18

House
Motion. by Williams 3D..
Miss.) to send back to commit
tee the Presidents program to
encourage the use Of volun-
tary prepayment plans for
personal health services
through Federal reinsurance
Of added risks. Agreed to.
238-134 (thus further action
on the bill was indefinitely
postponed)
For: Smith d., Val.
!. ASssiinst: Hyds, Or; Md.l. Small
The Lincoln times., 1954-02-18
Pilot Club Meets
At North State Hotel

Mrs. Gladys Llewellyn, chair
man of the finance committee. was
program leader at the regular din
ner meeting of the Lincolnton
Pilot Club, which was held Mon
day night a the North State
Hotel. Mrs. Llewellyu and mem
berS of her committee used the
Valentine decorations and red
candles to grace the table. Valen-
tines were used as place cards.
Mrs Llewellyn gave the invoca-
ton. She then gave a summary of
the clubs financial year and pre-
Sented Mrs. Eunice Bandy, who
gave a narrative desc. ipticn OF a
large collection of pictures she
made while on a trip to the Holy
Land.
Special guests were Mrs, Bandy.
Mrs. Macie Beaman and Mrs Aida
Grow. The club had a perfect at
tendance record.
The Lincoln times., 1954-02-18
Mrs. Henry S. Robinson
Celebrates Both Birthday

Mrs. Henry S. Robinson, one of
Llncolnton's most beloved women,
celebrated her Both birthday
Tuesday, February 16, and in spite
of the fact that she is recovering
from a broken leg and still unable
to walk. she was able to greet the
numerous friends who called dur
ing the day, to all of whom She
was her usual happy, smiling self
An avalanche of cards. as well as
flowers and other gifts poured in
to the home all day.
Out of town children here for
the occasion were Rev. and Mrs.
Henry S. Robinson. Jr.. and FAM
lily. of Charlotte. and Mrs. Nam
cy Briggs. of Gastonia. Miss Man.
cy Wilson, of Gastonia. was also a
guest.
Six weeks ago Mrs. Robinson
fell at her home. breaking a bone
in her leg. She spent five weeks
In the Gordon Crowell hospital
and was removed to her home ten
davS ago where she is recovering
satisfactorily.
The Lincoln times., 1954-02-18
Geraldine Hendrick
h1onored On Birthday

Geraldine Hendrick of Lincoln
ton, Route S. was honored at a
birthday party Saturday afternoon
at her home. the occasion marking
her twelfth birthday.
The young people enjoyed a SER
les of games after which they
were served refreshments by the
honoree'S mother. Mrs. Percy
Keudrick. assisted by Mrs Ralph
Mason. of Long Shoals. Geraldine
received q number of attractive
gifts.
Guests were Annie Mae Forten-
berry. Dianne Thornton, Evelyn
Shrum. Carolyn Coulter. Norma
Crump, Dianne Leonhardt. Elaine
Mason. Shirley Tallant. Brenda
Sue Goodson. Elaine Huffman,
Jeanette Keever. Mary Lou Hen
drick, Linda Brady. Shirley Will
liamS, Linda EDley. judy Kay
Hendrick. joyce Shaw. Linda Fir
GER. Lois Crump. Walter Shrum.
TOMMY and Robert Mason. Wavne
Hendrick and Jimmy Shaw. Mrs.
Fred Crump was also a visitor.