davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21

in the first wholly Republican
budget submitted to Congress in
81 years. to balance the budget,
Representative Cannon termed
the budget Impractical and un-
realistic" and he added:
obviously. this budget was
drafted in an attempt to cover
up the failure of the Republic
cans to keep their campaign
promise to balance the budget.
THE President is amazingly
optimistic over income pros
poets. and is too optimistic over
the size of the estimated deficit. Z"
House Minority Leader Ray
burn, Democrat. of Texas, said
he believes the Presidents deficit
estimate is too low.
I'm view Of the campaign
promises of the Republicans to
balance the budget, I wonder
when they are. going to do it. :"
he said. by next June 80 they
will have had 10 months in Of
flee. hope the defense budget
hasn't been cut too deeply. I
would much rather be alive with
an empty pocketbook than dead
with a full one"
More Tax Cuts Seen.
Speaker Martin called the
budget the best possible news
for Americans, because 1t shows
the way toward still more tax
reductions simultaneously with
a continuing substantial buildup
in our national security" He
added:
1.-THE Republican team has
shown what can be accomplished
by a real viii to give the people
an honest dollars worth for their
taxes" ~
House Majority Leader Hal
leck. Republican, of Indiana
said:
president Eisenhower's budget
proposals lay the foundation for
further tax reductions in the
future. The Republican adj
ministration is winning the bat
tie to bring outgo in line with
income. The American peo-
pie asked for better Government
and greater security at less cost.
They are getting it."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21

An allotment Of 81 million for
the Peace Cross flood control
project for Bladensburg, Md,
was included today in the Army
engineers civil works program
submitted to Congress today in
President Eisenhower's budget
message,
The Army. in justifying the
request. said the project would
prevent Interruptions to traffic
on major northern approaches
to Washington due to flooding
of the Peace Cross area thus
eliminating extensive annual
flood damages"
It said that the project was
scheduled for completion in
June. 1857, and that the total
Federal cost would be $8.311. 100.
The project is strongly sup
ported by local interests who are
prepared to provide land and
execute construction at a cost
of $5,o81 800, the department
stated.
Would Benefit Area.
It added that appropriations
to date totaled $4,000.
The project provides for local
flood protection in seven COM
munitieS in Prince Georges
County and for a navigation
channel to Bladensburg with a
boat basin there.
The department added that
the project would benefit the
"entire Washington Metropoli-
tan area. by insuring uninter-
rupted transportation over ma
jor highways and the develop
ment of park areas along the
river channels"
The President requested $444,-
322. 900 for civil works construc-
ton during the fiscal year be-
ginning July /. The Peace Cross
project was among Is new con-
struction developments to be
started.
The funds allotted to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21
ing before Judge Cockrill.

Ing DeIore Judge COckrlll.
Aroused parents and citizens
called for additional police pro-
lection throughout the area and
school officials began patrolling
the Railways and Fairgrounds to
prevent possible further violence.
Released by Judge Cockrill
yesterday were: Paul Vito, Is, of
the TOO block of Kennedy street
NV; Omar Khiel, 16, of the
1900 block of Thirteenth street
NV: Alfonso P. Filloramo, Is,
Of the 1900 block of Kansas ave-
nue. NV: Gerald F. Tuttle. Is,
of the 500 block of Colorado
avenue NV, and another boy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21

who had not been publicly iden-
titled with the case.
Newton ana Halbritter were
released in the custody of their
parents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21
Budget Is Applauded
But Foreign Aid Cost
Creates Criticism
By The A.soeiaisd Pres.

F. 7
Congress members generally
applauded President Eisen-
hower's budget cutting today.
but some hoisted storm signals
over his proposals for high
foreign aid spending and raising
the national debt limit.
Some Democrats Sniped at the
Presidents failure to achieve a
budget balance. but there was
widespread acceptance of his
proposed cutback in armed sserv-
ices spending with increased re-
lance on air power and new
weapons.
Chairman Taber Of the House
Appropriations Committee said
his groups goal would be to cut
the Presidents spending pro-
posals by So billion and SO avoid
the deficit of that amount FORE
cast by Gen. Eisenhower.
AAdHCu w NuaFtln.
"The deficit must be wiped out
IT 1t is possible Taber declared
General appraisals ranged
widely.
"A masterpiece Of statesman
Ship" said House Speaker Mar
tin. Republican, of Massachu-
sets.
"As phony as a wooden
nutmeg" said Representative
Cannon, Democrat, of Missouri
senior minority member of the
House Appropriations Com
mittee.
There was evident trouble
ahead for the President from
both Republicans and Democrats
on his proposal to spend $5.4
billion on overseas military and
economic aid in the fiscal year
beginning July / and to add So. s
billion in new funds for future
use.
Defense Outlay Upheld.
Senator Ferguson Of Michigan
chairman Of the Senate G. o. P,
Policy Committee, said it would
take strong proof to show that
Congress should appropriate an
other billion dollars for foreign
economic aid"
Senator Ferguson, who also
heads the Senate Appropriations
subcommittee dealing with armed
services funds. said the S37.
billion Gen. Eisenhower proposes
to spend in the military budget
seems sufficient to him to carry
out the new program.
I'm disappointed that the
budget isn't going to be bal
anced." he said. II hope cuts
will be made in Congress that
will bring it into closer balance. :"
On the Democratic side. SEN
ator George, Democrat, of
Georgia said he believes foreign
economic aid should be wiped
out. except for technical assist
ance to other nations and to
fulfill commitments in Korea.
OF the $2.928, 900 900 deficit
forecast by Gen. Eisenhower.
Senator George said Il hope Con-
gress will cut it further"
Byrd Opposes New Ceiling.
Senator Byrd, Democrat, of
Virginia said the Presidents
proposal for an increase In. the
$275-billion-debt limit is going to
face a fight on the basis of the
Presidents own figures. which
showed that the debt would stand
at $273 billion on July ], 1855.
II think the President has
made substantial progress in the
reduction of expenditures and
his figures convince me that it
is not necessary to increase the
debt limit" the virginian said.
Senator Ferguson said the Sem
ate, will demand strong evil
dence" that a raise is necessary
before it will approve a bill voted
by the House last year to lift
the ceiling to $3.50 billion.
Chairman Millikin said the
Senate Finance Committee won't
take up the measure for some
time to come.
There was Democratic criti-
cism of the Presidents failure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21
Market for U. S. Vehicles

Honduras, with no car or au-
tomotive parts manufacturing,
now buys SO per cent of its We
hicles from the United States,
Tegucigalpa reports.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21

strategy makes this possible
within a lower level of total
expenditures for national secu-
ritz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21
In Position to Support
Strong Security Program

With the shift in emphasis
to the full exploitation of air
power and modern weapons,
we are in a position to support
strong national security pro-
grams over an indefinite period
with less of a drain on our
manpower. material, and f.
nancial resources.
Today there is a truce in
Korea. After 3 years of hostil-
tiles, we are now in the first
year Of an armed peace. But
we are long way from achiev-
ing the kind of peace that is
our goal. AS long as the Com
munist threat to the free world
exists. we must plan to MAIN.
tain effective military strength
in close cooperation with the
other nations of the free world.
Our basic security objective
Is to prevent another outbreak
of aggression. We must create
the necessary deterrent to any
possible aggressor by maintain
ing q strong military position
at home and abroad. To do this
takes determination, human
and material resources. and
careful planning.
The previous history of our
military budgets has been one
of feast or famine. depending
upon the state of world affairs.
In peacetime, appropriations
have customarily been much
reduced In wartime, financial
considerations have been
largely ignored. Our present
budgetary plans represent
departure from these practices.
They provide for the continued
maintenance of a strong mill
tary force which is within the
financial capability of a sound
economy. We cannot afford to
build military strength by sac
rificing economic strength. We
must keep strong in all re-
SpectS
Recommends New Cuts
In Defense Department
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21
Recommends New Cuts
In Defense Department

It will be noted that expend-
ftureS for the Department of
Defense and the stockpiling
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21
Military Budget Based on New CONCEPT

That portion OF President
EisenhoWer's budget message
Which deals NTH the general
terms of national security fol-
IotDS::
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-21

Charged With Carrying Knife.
Stramer had been charged
with carrying a deadly weapon
"a knife-and IA counts Of
robbery. His case is still pend
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21
Memorial to Koussevitzky

The late Serge Koussevitzky received
many honors during his long and brilliant
musical career, but perhaps none gave him
sgreater pleasure than he would feel, If still
alive today, at movement started in the
Berkshire Hills Of Massachusetts,. For the
residents, Old and young, of this rural area
are Joining to create Koussevitzky Me-
mortal Fund for endowment Of an annual
scholarship for a gifted young conductor.
Born to poverty In Northern Russia, DR..
Koussevitzky obtained his own early mu-,
steal training by doing mental work In ex-
change for his lessons at the Philharmonic
School in Moscow. But through the years
of his greatest succesS-aS conductor of the
Boston Symphony Orchestra and a frequent
visitor to Washington-hiS interest In young
musicians and In the development Of new
music burned brightly. This dedication to
the cause Of music was demonstrated par
ticularly in the annual Berkshire Festival
at Tanglewood and 1t was under the guild
ance of DR., Koussevitzky that this occasion
has become known among music lovers all
over the world It is appropriate but not
surprising, therefore, that the school chill
dren and their parents Of that pleasant
New England region should be giving their
pennies and dollars for living and con-
structive memorial to one who had been
their friend and patron. a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21
BY Charles E. TroceweN
Observer.

No other species could be mistaken
for it.
He gives the impression of being
fat across the beam. Actually. he does
not make fat triangle, but simply
gives that impression.
The nuthatch gets his name. which
is, indeed, an odd one. from an old
word, hatch, to hack. 1t comes from
the way he hatchets, or hacks, seeds.
His blue and white and soft gray
coloration is agreeable against the tree
trunks he favors.
Just as any one can attract hum
mingbirds by planting the gladiolus.
SO almost any one can draw nuthatches
by placing q small feeding station about
feet up on a tree trunk.
Let there be plenty Of trunk both
below and above, and the nuthatch viii
circle down. dip in. and go away with
a seed.
He also likes bit Of suet in cold
weather, which, by the way, will be
here before we know it. Already street
trees in the downtown sections. bathed
in perpetual de gasoline fumes, have
begun to shed their leaves. Yellow and
thin, they make windows across the
asphalt. The red beauties from the
dogwood trees are to be seen in sub
urban streets.
Careful homeowners viii take les
son from our two blocks. and always
replace large trees with smaller ones.
Then, In time. the missing birds viii
come back home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21

This spring and summer. we have
seen exactly one thrush, and one nut
hatch.
No doubt there are more, but one.
each, is all we have seen.
Practically all the oaks are there. but
many of the locusts are gone, along
with a few apple trees lost to time and
the weather in the past quarter Of q
century.
It cannot be, of course, that particu-
lar birds pay too much attention to
particular trees, although some species
do, it is true. have their favorites.
But tree is tree Is tree, as a
celebrated author once said, and bird
is bird is bird.
h
Especially, a nuthatch is nuthatch.
with his own way of coming down
a tree trunk.
Old Devil Downhead, they call him.
because of the way he rambles down
an oak or a locust trunk.
He is sort of triangular, at least
that is the effect he gives to the eye.
A famous ornithologiSt has portrayed
bird species by silhouttes.
Sometimes the amateur watcher,
who is not so well versed in the
nicetity Of silhouettes. finds that, on
the wing. many species look like many
other species.
The trouble Is. he finds. that the
blamed things just won't be still.
But the nuthatch silhouette, fortu-
nately. is completely Its own.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21
This and That

It has been long time since this
column has mentioned the nuthatch,
and the reason is simple These articles
are built on personal observation. and
1t has been years since we have seen a
nuthatch.
Bird populations in given neigh
borhood change over the years. The
changes are often so slowly achieved
that one is quite unaware. at least for
a time, that anything has happened
Then, suddenly, something occurs
that calls attention to q missing bird.
such as, the nuthatch, that curious, en-
gaging and fat fellow of the tree trunks.
What has happened. Of course, in
this particular case. is that something
has happened to the trees.
Over the years, many have come
down, and where the trees begin to
fall. for one reason or another, some
of the birds begin to stay away.
Two disappearances, so far, are the
wood thrush and the nuthatch.
Each is a distinct loss to the COM
munity of bird watchers.
In the past, probably 100 thrushes,
as far as one could estimate, lived all
spring and summer and part of au-
tumn, in the two blocks of the street.
Great oaks and almost as tall To-
Gusts. with nipples, predominated.
III
In the same two blocks. there must
have been as many as 500 nuthatches
the year around.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21

there for action on the European Defense
Community. f.
Nor did his resignation year ago end
Mr.. De Gasperis activity IN behalf Of free-
dom In his own land and beyond. Indeed,
on the very eve Of his death. he is reported
to have telephoned an urgent plea to Pre-
mier Scelba to do everything possible to
bring the EDO into being, declaring that
"only God knows what win happen" II the
project fails. Devout, courageous, extraor-
dinarily able. and undertaking il his enmity
to anything and everything that would de-
base and enslave the human spirit he was
one Of the giants OF his time. West German
Chancellor Adenauer-Whom he resembled'
IN many ways-has not exaggerated in say
ing of him that his passing is "a grievous
blow" not for Italy alone but for the entire
Atlantic community.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21
AFine Record

Inc $50 Congress made an outstanding
record In constructive legislation for the
DISTRICT. The major share of the credit
should go to the House and Senate District
committees. In no recent session OF Con-
greSS nave these two committees gained
such prestige, or commanded such respect
In both branches Of Congress in connection
with the bills they reported and managed
in floor debate
The House District Committee bore the
major burden in shaping the public works
program - for it was largely a revenue
raising bill that had to originate in the
House. But the great accomplishment of
that committee was in persuading the House
TO follow its recommendations, instead of
those of the powerful Appropriations Com
mlttee, in the initial appropriations for the
public works program. A source of addi-
tional credit to the District Committee was
us excellent work, under Subcommittee
Chairman O'Hara, in undermining and
bringing to passage legislation under which
the District may enforce the removal of
condemned housing.
The Senate District Committees work
IN helping to produce agreement on the
location Of new bridge and bringing about
its authorization was notable accomplish
mentor which Chairman Case deserves
much credit. And there were other acts of
Congress of benefit to the District which
were reported and enacted solely because
the two committees saw the need and gave
the business before them intelligent con-
sideration and skilled handling.
The District Committees are not the
sought-after committees. But the members
OF these two committees should take iusti-
fed pride In successful work for the Amer
lean Capital. We, for one, salute them!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21
Federal Agency to Solve City Problems?
BY Dovid "A. Heller

T MAY come as something of a
: shock to the man In the crowded
city street to know that at least one
member of Congress has been thinking
about him at time when nearly every
body else on Capitol Hill seemed OBJ
sessed with the problems Of the Nations
farmers.
For better or worse, legislation has
been introduced in the House to create
Department Of Urbiculture"-tha
means urban culture which would
look after city dwellers just as the De-
partment of Agriculture attends to the
wants and welfare Of farm folk.
This is the idea OF Representative j.
Arthur Younger. California Republican
who believes such a cabinet-level de-
partment could do much to make city
life more bearable.
The Department Of Urbiculture, !" Mr..
Younger says, would undertake re-
search leading to the increasingly eff
Scient use of city lands and would help
solve problems like traffic strangu-
lation, "r0tting away" Of cities at the
center, and the many other dilemmas
which face big urban centers.
In 1862, when the Department Of
Agriculture was founded" Mr.. Younger
recalls. about 80 per cent of our people
lived on farms. and only about 20 per
cent lived in towns and cities Today,
the proportion is reversed. Only about
Is per cent of Americans live on farms
and the rest of us are piled on top of
each other in cities and towns.
THE Federal Government has done
a tremendous amount for farmers and
I'm all for it," he declared. But we
have done little to solve the problems
of urban areas where the vast majority
of our people live.
IF only one-tenth the thought and
planning had gone into the develop
ment Of our cities that has gone into
the development Of scientific agricul-
ture-look at the Enthusiastically in
creased output Of our farms-we would
not have anything like the problems we
have in our cities today. The shock
ing problems Of slum clearance, re-
Mobilization, poor housing. decentrali-
zation. and decay of centrally located
property would not be nearly so severe
as they are now"
MIR. Younger points to the slum prob
lens of Washington as a typical ex-
ample of the failure Of city planning.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21

"If we don't want our cities to come
apart at the seams" he says. we've
got to begin to enforce our coming laws.
If. in this case, Washington had actu-
ally enforced a set of sensible zoning,
fire and police ordinances, we wouldn't
have these slums. The trouble is that
too many buildings have been allowed
to violate the District Code"
"City people ought to get interested
in their own problems Mr.. Younger
says "For example, people in cities
and towns pay 80 per cent of all taxes
Federal, State and local. Yet they have
less than rs per cent of the representa-
ton in the State legislatures. They are
greatly under-represented in Congress.
Poor Washington is worst off of all with
no representation. Not until city people
get excited about the neglect Of their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21
Uncontrolled MiIitury Power

Some time ago David Lawrence took
upon himself the status of consti-
tutional lawyer and declared that the
President has the constitutional
power" (and thereby implying the legal
authority to order military action
of the Nation without consent of Con-
gress. If Mr.. Lawrence will read the
"Federalist" and other similar docu-
ments, such as Adams notes of the
proceedings of the Constitutional Con-
vention of 1887, he will find that the
founding fathers intended no such re-
suit; that they were profound students
Of history and as such knew that one
of its lessons is that uncontrolled mill
tary power has destroyed popular gov
eminent since the dawn of history.
They sought to keep within the ex-
elusive power of the Congress the sole
right to commit our country in war
with foreign power, and to accom-
plish this purpose they gave to Congress
the power to keep the standing army
small; but as an additional check on
the Federal Government and the stand
ing army. they provided that the
militia, organized and unorganized.
should be in the exclusive control of
the State Governors, and that only said
Governors could commission the off,
GERS Of the militia.
All these designs of the founding
fathers have been circumvented and we
haven't fought war as they planned
we should since the Spanish American
War. But what is more dangerous from
the point of view of the founding IA
;cf ~ 10, u N1v%<
ment of the Army to usurp the powers
of the State Governors over the militia
and thereby destroyed one of the safe
guards they provided against the wilful
abuse of authority by the President.
Lincoln was the first to do 1t when he
called for volunteers without waiting
until Congress convened. He never
contended that he had the legal right
to do so, but held that the exigencies
of the moment could not wait, and he
asked that Congress approve his action
as soon as it had convened. If he had
had the legal right he would not have
had to ask Congress to confirm his
action. His successors have followed
his example until the Truman admin
iStration. Truman carried the Gin
herent powers of the President" one
step further and called out the militia
(the reserves) and sent them into bat
tie on foreign soil (Korea) without the
consent of Congress and failed to ask
Congress to confirm his action. Thus
We see that the very thing that the
founding fathers had anticipated has
occurred. Now all that we need is
THE Man on Horseback" The stage
has been set for his appearance. Hitler
has shown the modern world an exam
pie. Opinions like that Of David Law
renee only serve to weaken the struc-
ture.
Observer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-21
The Unknown World

Whence our tnsensote fear OF ths
unknoDn?
IT Is racial and unyeasonino thing. II
A dread of whGt our leaving earth may
bring.
A feeling that perhaps pe haze not
grOfDn 49, r. "a
Enough In stature to gain higher iue.
But II the seer ipas right icho saU In
death '@F
Only amending rest, NTH quiet breath
We might pass on. weary OF endlesss
strife.
Perhaps our puny pirtues are Increased
And iDider Dorlds. serener fields are
ours.
Then zoe should 90 NTH JOY and filled
NTH pride
THAT all our fatal plumbers here hare
ceased. ..
Pray that the scroll be blank. that NTH
netC potDeTs -.
Come deeper marks. II ne diDdke iDip
died. k>
=. Borboro Palmer :