davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-10-13
Constantine Brown
u. S. Faces d Delicate Position
Reds Call for Korean Conference Seen as Moneuver
Forcing Withdrawal Of 9TH Fleet From Formosu
from Forn1OSu

before the end Of the year.
We are going to stand
staunchly by our Korean ally.
But will our diplomats remain
sufficiently stout-hearted to
resist the pressure Of token"
participants In the Korean
war, especially our good Brit
ish friends? Responsible offi-
cials say of the record that
the South Korean Republic
will always have our full
diplomatic and economic sup
port but It is unthinkable that
we will send American troops
into Korea again II the South
Koreans prove unreasonable"
at the conference table. There
is a firm understanding with
our u. N. allies that there
shall be no unification Of
Korea by force. We shall i1-
sist on plebiscites in the North
and South.
The Communists rejected
such proposals in the past but
are now likely to accept them.
There are ways to handle"
the situation even under an
international supervision Of
the polls. There are many
willing" Asiatic nations which
as neutral" supervisors would
be glad to shut their eyes at
the polling places.
The Chinese Reds probably
have been reminded by their
Muscovite allies that Poland.
Czechoslovakia and Hungary
were taken over by illegal"
processes by the U. s. s. r.
right under the noses Of the
Western nations. Hence. the
paramount problem today Is
to force the withdrawal of the
7th Fleet and the implications
it represents. This can be ac-
complished by q formal
peace treaty" in Korea.
The return of Port Arthur
to the Communists, the in
creased economic and indus
trial ties between Red China
and the u. s. 8. r.. their close
consultations and co-ordina-
ton of efforts are only the
garniture which the Reds
placed around the main dish.
That is "a conference in the
nearest future" on the still
unsettled Korean question"
Evening star., 1954-10-13
Constantine Brown

There are ample reasons for
the State Department to view
the new MOSCOW : Peiping
agreement with more than the
usual grave concern" It is
unquestionably the most
momentous diplomatic devel-
opment of the year In the Far
East.
The most spectacular por-
tion of the new agreement
the return of Port Arthur to
the Chinese-is by no means
the most important. The really
ominous provision for us is the
call for q new conference lin
the nearest future" on the
still unsettled Korean ques-
tion." Here are the reasons
why top American diplomatic
and military strategists con-
slider it so:
The Soviets and Chinese die
tatorships have determined
since their Geneva victory over
the West in Indo- China to
consolidate their control over
East Asia. This is believed to
have top priority over every
thing else. Formosa also must
be brought under Peiping. But
in order to achieve this the
Nationalist government and
5000 troops must be elimi-
mated.
The Red generals and diplo-
mats realize that the chances
Of taking Formosa by force are
very small so long as the
American 7th Fleet is in the
Formosa Straits. They also
know that while the American
Government will not indorse
an invasion of dissident South
ern China by the Nationalists,
neither will it withdraw or re-
duce the strength Of the
American naval force in For-
nlosan waters.
The 7th Fleet is protecting
Formosa as q sequel to the Red
invasion Of Korea in 1850 and
is not on the scene under some
mere political agreement with
the Taipeh government. While
the original Truman orders
have been somewhat modified,
the basic orders to obstruct a
Red invasion will remain in
force for as long as the situa-
ton created in July, 1850, con-
tinueS to exist.
Evening star., 1954-10-13
Fletcher Knebel
Potomac Fever

Kes next campaign speech won't be political It will be
major pronouncement canine policy beginning Love
love my Secretary of Defense"
Alaskas Tuesday election provides another clue the
ona elections. Now bet shirt-along with
biography Of Dr. Gallup and your autographed picture Of Pes
dent Thomas E. Dewey
dog best frend-and the Republicans
enemy.
French assembly gives Premier MendesFrance
Of confidence When Frenchman expresses confidence
another that they have postpone the
argument
Indignant to Defense Charlie Dog Wilson
from Vice President Nxon dog Checkers What wrong
with kennel-fed dogs In '52?"
Statesmen of Russia and Red China sign statement Of
mutual understanding Match Anybody who claims under
anything about either of these countries put
in writng-before he forgets what 1t is.
Republicans doing better with the weather Chicago
It raned cats and dogs In Detroit it's Just raining dogs
Evening star., 1954-10-13
AdIoi E. Stevenson

(This is the first In a series
of articles presenting the rec
ord of the Democrats in the
role OF the opposition during
the last tloo years. The Stars
use of the articles Is made pos
sible through the courtesy OF
the New York Herald Tribune.l
When, in 1852, the American
people decided that it was time
for a change, they assigned to
the Democratic Party a new
but challenging task-that Of
playing the role of a respon-
sible minority in the halls Of
Congress.
That, at any rate. was the
conclusion shared by party
leaders, including Senator Lyn-
don johnson and Representa-
tive Sam Rayburn, who joined
in pledging themselves to the
constructive purposes of a
loyal opposition. All were
agreed that the interests of the
Democratic Party must and
would be subordinated to the
interests Of the Nation.
Now that we are on the eve
of another national election. 1t
seems only fair and proper
that, in addition to casting q
critical eye upon the record Of
the majority party, indepen-
dent voters should likewise ex-
anime carefully the perform
ance Of the minority. How, in
short, has the Democratic Par
ty lived up to its pledges to
the American people?
To my way of thinking, the
record Of the Congress shows
that Democrats have not only
talked sense to the American
people-they have made sense
to the American people. Rare
ly, if ever before, has a minor
ity in Congress so successfully
spurned opposition for opposi-
tons sake, or so strongly sup
ported the Executive without
in any way foregoing its own
Interpretation of the Nations
best interests.
The record is especially i'm
pressive when it is contrasted
with that of the Republican
minority during the previous
20 years of Democratic rule.
Nor. I should add, is the con-
trast made any the less strik-
ing by the record Of the Re-
publican majority during the
last 20 months.
Indeed. the single most i'm
portant issue debated during
the 83rd Congress found Dem
ocrats defending the President
against irresponsible members
Of his own party, The Bricker
amendment threatened the
Evening star., 1954-10-13
First Fairfax Pupil
In SaIk InocuIation
Test Contracts Polio

The first case Of polio among
1880 Fairfax County school chill
dren inoculated in the Salk polio
vaccine tests last spring has been
reported to the health depart
ment.
The victim is a 9-year-old
Mclean (Va) girl who is in
Children's Hospital with what
apparently is a non-paralytic
case Of the disease, according to
DR.. Harold Kennedy, county
health officer.
DR.. Mason Romaine, director
Of the Bureau of Communicable
Disease for the State Health De-
partment. said the case was the
first known instance in the State
where an inoculated child be-
came i'll with the disease. He
said he was not alarmed or dis
couraged over success of the vac
cine tests because the vaccine
was intended principally to pre-
vent paralytic cases Of polio
and not wipe out the disease
altogether.
In Sherman School.
The girl was a second-grade
student at Franklin Sherman
School last spring, and was
among those who participated
in the vaccination program here.
Fairfax County was the first
jurisdiction in the State to be-
gin the Nationwide tests Of the
commercially produced vaccine
Of DR.. Jonas Salk.
Six cases of polio have been
reported in the county among
children serving in the control
group Of the vaccine test pro-
gram. These children did not
receive the vaccine, but their
names and health records were
kept to compare the incidence
of polio among them with those
who did get the injections.
The Mclean girl is Fairfax
County's oath case of polio this
| wear.
Evening star., 1954-10-13

very foundations of the Presi-
dents authority in the conduct
of foreign relations, and, had
it been passed. the American
people would have lived to rue
the day. To their everlasting
credit, Democrats Joined with
a few responsible Republicans
to turn back this unwarranted
and infinitely dangerous at
tempt to amend the doctrine
Of the separation of powers.
In other matters, too, Demo-
Gratis fought with the Presi-
dent to repel Republican
snipers, as In the attack
against the nomination of
Charles Bohlen as our Ambas-
Sador to Russia. And the Ma
ton will not soon forget the
spectacle of the Mccarthy
hearings or the plight of a Re
publican Secretary Of the
Army forced to seek help from
Democrats to protect the Army
from a Republican Senator.
The election of 1852 did not
mean an end to the Democratic
Party's traditional support Of
freer foreign trade. or, for that
matter, the Republican Party's
equally traditional protection
ism. So 1t Is not surprising to
find that, when the President
proposed q three-year extern
sion of the reciprocal trade
agreements act. together with
other trade reforms, Democrats
worked enthusiastically to give
the President what he said he
wanted (and what they knew
the country needed, only to
fall In the face of unanimous
opposition from the Repub-
licanS.
AS significant as are these
instances of minority support
for the President, the Demo-
cratic Party can be just as
proud Of its record of construc-
tive opposition. For in this
record is to be found proof not
only Of our determination to
flight them to the end when
we think they are wrong" but
of our desire always to propose
something better.
Take, for example, the adj
ministrations' tax bill, a meas
ure which provided q much
needed overhauling Of Federal
tax law, but which also gave
to corporations and high-in-
come families the lions share
OF tax relief. Democrats
argued that this was neither
equitable nor economically
sound, and proposed a much
broader division Of tax relief
by increasing the individual
exemption from 5000 to $700.
The Republican majority voted
solidly against this proposal.
Democrats took the lead in
exposing the pretensions i'm
plicit In the Administrations
new look" defense policy. and
in decrying the cutback in Air
Force appropriations last year
and in Army ground forces
this year. And when Demo-
Evening star., 1954-10-13

cluding Senator Douglas, whom
he calls "the professor from
the, midway" meaning the
University Of Chicago.
The feverish activity at Re-
publican county headquarters,
the insistent reminders by Ed
Moore to county jobholders
that they'll be out of work
IL the Democrats win all
this seems to be a clue to what
is the consensus of the po-
litically knowing. That Is that
the odds as of now are against
Joe Meek. Republican wor-
ries come out, too, in the con-
versation of Ed Moore, the
subjects he brought up volun-
tarily. Such as the reduction
in ake-home pay due to elimi-
nation of overtime and to part
time, to which workers in this
State find 1t hard to adjust as
was found to be the case in
other parts of the country.
Take home pay is down
sure" he expostulated. "But
you can't have what workers
have been getting without
war-and we can't have war.
That's what we've got to drive
home. Peace is the main issue.
The President got 1t for us.
He knows how to keep it.
We've got to show that he
needs a Republican Congress.
We all know you can't depend
on Democrats,
In normally Republican
downstate Illinois Senator
Douglas is believed to have
made dents by his persistent
discussion of issues. This has
focused on the anxieties there
due to unemployment and re-
duction of worker income, the
drought that has affected busi-
ness In cities as well as on
farms. and some dissatisfac-
ton with the administration
farm program. though that is
nowhere on the scale found in
States further west. The Farm
Bureau Federation, which sup-
ported the administration farm
program, is strong In southern
Evening star., 1954-10-13

der no compulsion TO take re-
ligion into account. It was
understood nevertheless that
he was impressed with the cri-
ticism and actually promised
the next vacancy to Howard
McGrath. then Attorney Gem
eral. who Is a Catholic. No
vacancy occurred for that
pledge to be fulfilled.
Judge Stephens, moreover. Is
geographically right" as the
saying goes In politics. There
is at present no Justice on the
Supreme Court from the
Rocky Mountain region and
Judge Stephens halls from
Utah, where he served on the
bench before coming to the
Department Of Justice as an
Assistant Attorney General in
1888. Judge Stephens is an
independent Democrat, and
that's the group from which
Gen. Eisenhower Is seeking
support nowadays.
If the President feels he
must choose a jurist who
originally was q Republican.
then Chief Judge Orie l..
Phillips. of the U. s. Circuit
Court Of Appeals at Denver is
q natural selection. He Is one
Of the great judges Of today
and was up for consideration
when Chief Justice Warren
was appointed.
If, however, the President
follows another tradition and
looks to the Department OF
Justice, he is expected to give
consideration to the appoint
ment OF his Attorney General.
Herbert Brownell. The follow
ing men, each of whom was
an Attorney General, were ap-
pointed to the Supreme Court
of the United States in the last
90 years:
James McReynolds. appoint
ed by President Wilson in 1914.
Harlan Stone, appointed by
President Coolidge in 1925.
Frank Murphy, appointed by
President Roosevelt in 1910.
Robert H. jackson, appoint-
ed by President Roosevelt in
1941.
Tom c. Clark, appointed by
President Truman in 1949.
To this list might be added
Evening star., 1954-10-13
Stephens Doomed for High Court
Judge Phillips and Attorney General BroWnell Also
Called Fovoroble; Religion Moy Be Considered

Solicitor General Stanley r.
Reed. appointed to the Su-
preme Court by President
Roosevelt in 1898.
The dispatches from Dem
yer saying Attorney General
Brownell is controversial"
and hence shouldn't be ap-
pointed. reflect neither knowl-
edge Of the past nor fairness
on the part of those who
originated such an objection.
For most all men who serve
at the head of the Depart
ment Of Justice become in
volved In public controversies.
The late Justice jackson, when
serving as Assistant Attorney
General, made speeches de-
tending President Rooseyelt's
plan to pack" the Supreme
Court. yet 1t was not held
against him by the Senate.
His appointment to the SUI
preme Court was confirmed
by the Senate on July Z. 194l,
without even q record vote.
just what are the "contro-
yersies" that are associated
with Mr.. Brownell? BY order
Of the President, he had one
Of his attorneys appear for
the department in the segre-
CATION case. He also made o
speech last year exposing the
neglect by the Truman adj
ministration to fire Harry
Dexter White after receiving
.FBI reports pointing plainly
to his contacts with the Com
munists. This speech was
deliberately distorted by Tru-
NANTES to make it appear that
Mr.. Brownell attacked the
loyalty, rather than the adj
minStrative efficiency, OF the
Democratic President.
Certainly it would be tragic
irony if Gen. Eisenhower al
lowed this episode to block
the appointment to the Su-
preme Court of a man of the
integrity and fairness of Her
bert Brownell. The Attorney
General Is an able lawyer.
His recent speech giving due
weight to both sides Of the
controversy over fifth amend
ment witnesses was a judicial
document of true impartiality.
Reproduction Rights ReserveO
Evening star., 1954-10-13
Thomos L. Stokes
Illinois @. O. P. Running Scared
Senator Douglas Making Progress in Downstote Areos
Sturdy Cook County Slate VIII Help Him in Chicoqo

ocrats, upon their organization
in Cook County and Chicago.
For the finale Of the hotly
contested senatorial election
will be played out here in Cook
County, which includes Chi
cago and 80 suburban towns.
Both Senator Douglas and Joe
Meek have brought their cara
vans from the southern part
of the State. where they have
travelled to and fro, to the
street corners and halls of
this city and suburban Cook
County.
Outside of Ed Moore's pri-
vate Office at county headquar-
ters a staff Of women was busy
about the mailing of cam
paign material which now is
beginning to pour out in q
great flood. This includes a
handsome folder for Republi-
can workers with plenty in
side about Joe Meek, his pho
tograph with President Eisen-
hover when the latter was in
the State a few weeks ago,
and some cartoons, including
some nice ones of the President
and some uncomplimentary
caricatures of Senator Douglas.
The irony Of this situation
here, and 1t strikes you for
chilly, is that Joe Meek, whom
Adlai Stevenson accused of
having "a 10Th century mind
in the Goth century," differs
on so many counts with Presi-
dent Eisenhower. Yet his elec-
ton is being urged on the
ground that he would support
the President! Joe Meek
makes everything sound so
simple and rosy in the stock
speech he delivers-and has
delivered for years at luncheon
clubs. Hands-off by the Gov
ernment In the affairs OF busi-
ness and the rest Of us. very
little Government concern with
other nations In the world and
very small aid to them. Q bal
anced budget. low taxes, and.
presto, peace and prosperity.
Virtually everything else he
dismisses - socialism. |" in
Evening star., 1954-10-13

Illinois in both numbers and
influence.
AS usual, Democrats must
Offset normal downstate Re-
publican majorities here in
Cook County and Chicago If
they are to win. They are
counting a. good deal in this
sector on one of the best
county tickets they ever have
offered. which they believe
will help Senator Douglas. Re-
publicans, who swept the
county in the 1946 upheaval,
still hold important offices
and the patronage that Is help
full in close elections. They are
hopeful also that a bigger
Republican vote than usual in
off-year elections will be pulled
In the outlying suburban
towns where the party is
strong because of a referen-
dunn on a change in reappor-
tionment for the Legislature.
That would give these towns
much more of a voice in State
government by increased rep
resentation in the Legislature.
Evening star., 1954-10-13
Adlo E. Stevenson-
Perceptive, Selective Opposition
Mnoritys Demonstration Of Its Responsibility Proves
Its Fitness to Govern Again, Top Democrat Says

Gratis moved to maintain Army
strength at 10 divisions. the
Republican majority voted
solidly for II divisions.
No less indicative Of the
Democratic Party's concept Of
its responsibility as the minor
ity party was its stand on one
of the most complex. yet most
important measures considered
by the 83rd Congress-the re-
vision of the Atomic Energy
act. Provisions Of the admins
tration's bill threatened 10
leave. the future development
of atomic energy for Industrial
purposes in the hands Of q few
utilities and chemical compa-
nies, despite a paramount pub
lie interest in maintaining free
access to the potential fruits
Of this immensely promising
source of power. Democrats
fought staunchly. and to q
large extent successfully, to
take out the monopoly features
of this bill.
Democrats did not succeed,
however, in blocking legisla-
tive authorization for the
Dixon Yates contract, which
ensuing disclosures have shown
. to be a major item In the
Democratic indictment of Re-
publican philosophy and per-
formance.
All of these issues. I believe
are pertinent to our current
political debate, and II. in the
nature of things, 1t is the Re-
publican majority that Ii
standing trial. Democrats ere
no less anxious that their
record as the minority be
weighed in the balance.
In the past, many Of us who
sincerely believe in our two
party system Of Government
have been saddened by the
spectacle of a minority DEM
onstrating its unfitness to gov
ern by acting on the premise
that the role of the opposition
is to oppose everything pro-
posed by the President Of the
majority party.
In the past two years we
have witnessed q refreshing
novelty. We have seen q minor
ity party carry out q program
of selective, perceptive oppose
tion-sometimes defending the
President against the majority
of his own party, sometimes
opposing steps 1t considered
wrong and proposing a con-
structive alternative. some
times amending and altering
administration proposals to
improve them, or, in the case
Of bad ones. to lessen their
potential danger.
We have seen the rapier re-
place the meat-ax. We have
seen the stop-and-go sign re-
place the permanent block.
We have seen a minority party
demonstrate its fitness to gov
ern again.
Evening star., 1954-10-13
David LoWrence

II. as reported from Denver.
President Eisenhower Is PLAN
ming to appoint this time some
one with judicial experience to
the vacancy on the Supreme
Court Of the United States.
then Chief Judge Harold M.
Stephens Of the U. S. Circuit
Court of Appeals for the Dis
trict of Columbia Is the logical
choice.
Judge Stephens was the Sc
lection recommended for the
Supreme Court by the Depart
ment of Justice when Homer
Cummings was Attorney Gen.
eral, but President Roosevelt
thought he wasn't liberal
enough and appointed a iyew
Dealer. Actually. Judge Ste
phens, who has now been on
the bench here for nearly 20
years, has made a truly great
record and is widely respected
by the bar of the Nation, espe-
cially the judiciary. He is
neither conservative nor lib
eral but one of those rare
individuals who is intellectu-
ally honest and decides cases
on their merits.
Judge Stephens happens to
be o devout Catholic. and
that's another consideration
which-while not talked about
out loud, because it is rather
delicate-is often a factor just
the same. President William
Howard Taft appointed Ed
ward Douglas White. a Catho-
lie, to be Chief Justice. Taft
was a Unitarian and won wide
acclaim for his actien.
Since then, Presidents have
tried, when they could, ID take
into account that in the high
est court in the land all reli-
sious faiths should be repre-
sented. Justice Butler of Min
nesota and Justice Frank Muir
ply, former Governor of Mich
igan, were the last Catholics
to sit on the Supreme Court.
When Justice Murphy died, it
was generally assumed that
President Truman would ap-
point q Catholic to the va
cancy but he was reported at
the time to have brushed the
suggestion aside with t::e al
legged remark that he felt un-
Evening star., 1954-10-13

CHICAGO.-He said what
many Republican campaign
managers have said elsewhere
when they speak frankly of
the congressional elections.
There's no use kidding our
selves-or you. We have q
hard fight. But think in the
end we'll win.
], The fight about which Ed
ward r. Moore, Cook County
Republican chairman, was
speaking was the attempt to
defeat the leonine, stoop-
shouldered Democratic Sena-
tor Paul H. Douglas. We were
discussing this senatorial race
TO which so much national at
-tention has been directed for
many reasons. Among these
Is the fact that Republicans
need this Democratic seat in
their nip-and-tuck battle to
keep control of the Senate.
For another. Adlai Stevenson
needs a victory in his own
State as a preliminary to his
candidacy for denomination as
Democratic presidential can
didate In 1856, and he has
campaigned vigorously for the
man who supported Senator
Estes Kefauver for that nomi-
nation in 1852. For another,
Paul Douglas is a big figure
In the Senate with q national
reputation for his service
there.
That is not true of his Re-
publican opponent, rotund.
amiable. glad-handing Jo-
seph T. Meek, who has, how
ever, somewhat Of a reputation
In this State, particularly
among retail merchants, for
whom he has served as lobby
ist at Springfield and In WASH
ington as secretary Of the Illi-
nois Federation Of Retail Asso-
ciationS.
The big job facing Republi-
cans falls heavily upon tall,
crisp-mannered Ed Moore and
his county Republican organi-
satiozl. as ii does. for the DEM