davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24

Call
WO.2-4o37
70 Place Classified
Ads in tho Tribune
VIM. v. Banks, ATTY.
loS Crafioi


State OF Michigan, in he Cir
cult Court for the County OF
Wayne in Chancery.
EDWARD LEWIS. Plaintiff.
VS.. LULA MAE LEWIS, De-
PENDANT.
Order Of Publication
No. sis.737
At a session of said Court held
at the Court House in the City
OF Detroit, County and State
aforesaid this 25th day Of Feb
ruary, AID, 1854.
Present: Hon. Thomas T.
Maher, Circuit Judge.
1t appearing that the defend
ant is not a resident OF the State
OF Michigan, but resides in the
State OF Ohio, her last known
address being l Hedgerow Lane,
Cincinnati. Ohio.
II Is Ordered that the defend
ant enter her appearance In this
cause on or before three months
from the date OF this order or
said bill will be taken as con-
fessed.
II Is Further Ordered that q
copy OF this order be sent by
registered mail 70 said defendant,
10 | Hedgerow Lane, Cincinnati,
Ohio, her last known address.
and IL not received personally
by said defendant at least twenty
days before the time prescribed
for appearance. that this order
be published as required by law.
THOMAS F. MAHER,
Circuit Judge.
"A True Copy
Edgar NJ. Branigin, Clerk
BY A. c. Gallagher. Deputy Clerk
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
william T. Patrick. ST. AM.
o0l Iavvers Bldo.

I William 7. Patrick. ST. AM.
col Lswysss Bldg.
State Of Michigan. in the Cir
cult Court for the County OF
Wayne in Chsncery.
| ALLEN THOMAS JACKSON,
Plaintiff, VS.. EMMA JACKSON,
Defendant
Order To Appear
No. slo.z2s
At . session OF the above en-
titled Court. held in the County
Building. in the City OF Detroit.
County OF Wayne. ann State OF
Michigan. this 2lst day OF March.
AID. 1854.
Present: Honorable Miles n.
Culehan. Circuit Judge.
Satisfactory proof appearing
by Affidavit on file in this cause.
that the defendant. Emma Jack
son. is not a resident OF this
State, bu, that her las, place OF
residence Was AZ ofSA 34eA@s
Street Chicago, Illinois.
Or motion Of william 7. Pat
rick. ST., Attorney for the plain
tiff.
Il Is Hereby Ordered, that the
defendant enter her appearance,
either in person. or by Attorney.
within thee months from date
hereof. or the Bill Of Complaint
ALL be taken as confessed against
her;
II Is Further Ordered. that a
true copy OF this Order 20 Appear
be sent 70 the last known address
Of the defendant by registered
mail, return receipt requested,
and that a true copy OF said
Order 70 Appear be published
according 70 law.
MILES y. CULEHAN.
Circuit Judge.
"A True Copy
Edgar NJ Brsnigin. Clerk
BY Arthur D. Jones, Deputy
Clerk 4-io-5-l5.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24

BIRMINGHAM. Ala. (CNS)--
The crowd was al 10000 here as
the Dodgers appeared for the
first time since Negroes were adj
mitted TO the team. But the crowd
could have been bigger.
n was the cid segregation
story.
More than 5000 Negro fans
had 10 be turned away, when
the segregated sections and field
standing room allotted to them
were exhausted.
Yet there were still empty
seats in the white stands.
Moreover, with hundreds OF
Negro fans roped off on tho
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
william T. Patrick. Sr. Any.
Sol Lawyers BLDG.

william T. Patrick. Sr. Any.
SOL Lawyers Bldg.
State Of Michigan, in the Cir
cult Court for the County OF
Wayne in Chsncery.
MARTHA CLINKSCALES,
Plaintiff, VS.. HARBELL CLINK-
SALES, Defendant.
Order To Appear
No. sl7.oe7
Al session OF said court held
in the urt House in the City
OF Deti Ut, County and State
aforesaid, this first day Of April
A. D. 1884.
Present: Hon. Neal Fitzgerald,
Circuit Judge.
Satisfactory proof appearing
by Affidavit of Martha Clink-
scales, plaintiff herein. on file in
this cause, that the said Har-
bell Clinkscsles. defendant here
in, resides outside Of the State
Of Michigan.
Upon motion OF William T.
Patrick, Sr.. Attorney for plain
tiff,
II Is Hereby Ordered that Har-
bell Clinkscales, the defendant
therein. appear and answer this
Bill of Complaint filed in this
cause within three months from
the date OF this Order, or the
IBill will be taken as confessed
by said defendant.
II Is Further Ordered that Thu
Order be published in a news
paper published and circulated
in the County Of Wayne, as re
CURED by law; and also, that I
copy Of this Order be sent b,
registered mail 70 said defendant
at Greenwood, South Carolina
care Of general delivery, the las
known address of the defendant
NEAL FITZGERALD,
Circuit Judge
"a True Copy
Edgar M. Branigin, Clerk
BY v. Mahsrdi, Deputy Clerk
l-l0-5-1s
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24

State Of Michigan, the Probate
Court for the County Of Wayne.
No. Sls.o33
In the Matter of the Estate OF
PERCY GRANT. Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that all
creditors of said deceased are
required TO present their claims,
in writing and under oath, to
said Court at the Probate Office
in the City Of Detroit, In said
County, and TO serve copy
thereof upon THOMAS FRANK
LIN. Executor Of said estate. at
500 Smith, Detroit. Michigan. on
or before the Goth day OF May,
A. d. 1854, and such claims will
be heard by said court, before
Judge William J. Cody In Court
Room No. 504. Wayne County
Building in the City Of Detroit.
in said County. on the 10th day
OF May. A. d. 1854. at two o'clock
in the afternoon.
JOSEPH A. MURPHY,
Judge OF Probate.
do hereby certify that ! have
compared the foregoing copy with
the original record thereof and
have found the same 10 be q
correct transcript Of such original
record.
Dated: March 8, 1854.
Allen r. Edison.
Deputy Probate Register
Published In Detroit Tribune
once each week for three weeks
successfully, within thirty days
from the date hereof.
s-i2--t-l7
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24

To all members OF the NEW
CONS UMERS COOPERATIVE
GROCERY" formerly OF 1889
LsBelle avenue. Detroit Mich.
igan.
Please be advised that you must
communicate with Chas. NJ
Hodge. ieoo5 Gallagher. Detroit
"a, Michigan. within 80 days 70
close out the affairs Of the afore-
said organization.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
Detroit IHbune
2146 st. Antoine WO. 4-8208, 2-4937

Representing -our Father ccd Divine pubshss
Crusader For The invncbs triumphant Divine Rights Of MAJ
PLEDGED 10 uphold and civl rishta
Published Wednesday, By hs Detroit Tribune publsh
Ing CO. Inc
Entered matter office Detroit
ehgsn under the se Of March 1919 Subscsphons On
fssr Nso s7-sc ei.7sI Foreign yearly seoo
National Advertising Representatives insrsisss un3s1
Nswspspsra
D Elisabeth Einsfea General Hspsser Mssssns Ediss
Andrew 2. Fspshsut. ca. Owes 81 puhiishss
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24

State OF Michigan, in the Cir
cult Court for the County OF
Wayne in Chancery.
BARBARA LUCILLE SYKES.
Plaintiff, VS.. IRVING SYKES,
Defendant.
Order Of Publication
No. slS.s7e
Al a session OF said court held
az the County Building in the
City of Detroit. County Of Wayne
and State Of Michigan, this 10th
day OF February. AID. 1854.
Present: Honorable Thomas +.
Maher, Circuit Judge.
II appearing that the defend
ant is not a resident OF this state.
but resides in the City OF Wash
ington and District of Columbia;
IT IS ORDERED that the de-
PENDANT enter his appearance in
this cause on or hefcrn 49, '"'
months from the date OF this
order or said bill will be tsAen
as confessed.
II Is Further Ordered that a
copy OF this order be sent by
registered mail to said defend
ant at 449 Delaware avenue, S
W., Washington. d. C., his las
known address, and II not re
ceived personally by said de
PENDANT at least twenty (20) day
before the time prescribed TO
appearances, that this order b.
published as required by law.
THOMAS +. MAHER,
Circuit Judge.
| "a True Copy
Edgr M. Branigin, Clerk
BY A. c. Gallagher,
Deputy Clerk S-zo-4-z4
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
Progress on Trial

PROGRESS ON TRIAL" an
excerpt from MGM's Hills OF
Home" will open at the weekly
film program at the Rackham
Memorial April q, the Univer-
sity Of Michigan Extension Serv-
zee announces.
The film dramatizes the strug-
Gle that usually precedes accept
',nce OF a new idea and pictures
he vision and courage required
VI an innovator.
Other films are Retire to
life" and Freedom OF the Press"
The free showings are at 3:45
and 5:45 pm.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
APARTMENT rOn prN'

APARTMENT FOR RENT
3 Room apartment for rent
HEAT, LIGHT, GAS and WATER
furnished.
Call after TOO PM.
Phone TY. $3.50
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
BEAUTIcIANs

Ask your iobber for BEAUTY
TRADE the scinfillsiins new
magazine for Bssuficisns
Chockfull Of smart new h,b
styles. pointers on maxim,
more money in 80. It's jusi
the magazine you've been wall
ins for. II your jobbsr IL Out o.
BEAUTY TRADE. order YOU,
subscription by mail. Only 81.
for seven months. IS for one
year. Write today 10; BEAUTY
TRADE. loi West 4sth Street.
New York %. NY.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
Order OF Publication
Ne. glS.ooe

Az session Of SAID Court held
q. the Court House. in the Wayne
County Building. in the City OF
Detroit. County OF Wayne, and
State OF Michigan, on the 10th
day Of February. 1854.
Present: the Honorable Frank
Fl,zGerald, Circuit Judge.
II appearing by affidavit at
tached hereto that the said de-
tendsnt here, Frances Smith. Is
no. a resident Of the State OF
Michigan, and that her last
known address is 1892 Evans
street, in the City Of Chicago,
County OF Cook. and State OF
Illinois.
on MOTION OF Marion v.
Bonds. attorney for plaintiff.
J. Is Ordered that the said
defendant, Frances Smith. enter
her appearance in this cause on
or before three 90 months from
the date OF this order or that
The Bill OF Complaint filed here
IN be taken as confessed. and
that the said order be served
and published as required by
law.
FRANK FITZGERALD,
Circuit Judge.
"A True Copy
Edgar M. Brsnigin Clerk
BY v. Mahardi, Deputy Clerk
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
Mixed Neighborhoods

Negroes no want Indignation are under no illusions
They long uphill pull before Indignation
broad scale can be realized.
Negroes better housing. AS many Of them il,
better housing for them means one thng-mixed neigh
borhoods
over the past decade there has been significant MI
grafton OF Negroes from rura to suburban areas Since
1851 the majority of Negroes in the United States-52
percent-have been living in cities.
In Metropolitan Boston, while the population increase
from l94O950 was cent, the increase in the nom
white population in the period nearly so per cent.
Most Of the nonwhlte group mere are Negroes.
In the last Is years Negroes Boston have made great
strides IN gaining improved employment opportunities AS
group they feel that the problem of acceptance in the
business world has been satisfactorily dealt with large
extent.
brought them has given them the financial ability TO i'm
pement their desire for better housing But how they will
secure II and how soon presents serious problem.
Complex Problem
Most Of the Negroes Boston today live in the South
End and Roxbury There considerable building dap da-
ton the South End Upper Roxbury is one Of the
few where whites and Negroes live together.
Negroes concerned with relatons-and not all Of
them are by any means-consder the problem of housing
vastly complex than that Of lowering the color bar
employment. They the problem reaching the heart
Of the issue of total integraon
Housing is divided into two segments-public and
private For Massachusetts Negroes public housing pre-
sents real problem. law passed in 1850 pro-
hbts segregation in public housing developments At that
time Negroes in of 10 projects Today they are
rs OF 70 projects and only Of those s 100 per
Negro.
Question Of Schools
No record Of indicated on occupancy appica-
tons There Negroes the stats Of these hous
ing developments but not many Negro leaders would
like.
From this experience in mixed developments two facts
have emerged Negro and white neghbors have lived to-
gether IN as much harmony AS unmxed neghbors There
has not been single incident among hem worthy Of note
according to supervisors Of the projects.
The second fact is that in cases has been found
that Negroes prefer to live in mixed neghborhood They
have their reasons gets them away from what they call
ghettolzed living in all-Negro areas
Another reason is that they don't like alNegro sc hools
he IN the ofN
groes and whites Is difficult for the Negro child
cd ana schooled IN an aIl-Negro neighborhood.
sample survey made recently by the Urban League
oGreater Boston, Inc Of 403 Negro families
Boston disclosed that many have the ans to purchase
homes ranging price from 81 900 TO $4,000 But the
homes they want in alwhe neighborhoods which in
the main, are hostile TO the of Negroes The
league Red Feather agency is organization which
works for improved relations
(To be concluded next week.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
Marion v. Bonds
7oy Lawyers Bldg.

State Of Michigan. in The Cir
cui, Court for the County OF
Wayne in Chsncery.
JAMES L. SMITH, Plaintiff,
VS.. FRANCES SMITH, Defend
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24

FOR RENT
ROOM FOR RENT to Response.
bic couple. Will accept one child.
Phone TIE. 1880.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1954-04-24
STAT Writer OF
The Christian Science Moniier

1t is the opinion of many Negroes though not ALL that
If integraon Of whte and nonwhite people in private
housing be secured the problem Of racial tensions in
America Will be largely solved.
Negroes VINO favor mixed housing believe is the only
way racial preudices will be removed I'VE have got TO
know each other better" they say When do. the
whole situation will improve. But if stand apart
each other, homes and the way live
he nrnl, nNrill in
Evening star., 1954-03-21

happen to me. Don't bother me
with this"
But after half an hour of i'm
pressing on him "the need for
a highly respected and qualified
counsel" and the duties OF pub
lie service" Senator Mundt said
the lawyer agreed to consult with
his partners and let them know
before Tuesday. when the SUBJ
committee is due to meet.
I'VE said we would give him
the right to pick his own staff.
Ak the ground rules and stage
what we hope will be a model
for congressional investigating
procedure" Senator Mundt said,
adding:
THE public will accept him,
If he agrees. as a man of out
standing ability and complete
impartiality."
Il don't know whether he is
Republican or a Democrat"
Senator Mundt said further.
Senator Mundt said he and
Senator Mcclellan had narrowed
list of possibilities down to
three. including this man."
I'VE won't contact the other
two until We hear from the man
we called" he said.
I'VE told him we hoped to
wind up this in two or three
weeks but it would take all Of his
time"
Senator Symington said he
anticipated that Senator McCar-
thy will step of the subcom-
mittee and have another Re-
Evening star., 1954-03-21
By Martin S. Hayden

Noftn Amorteuu newspaper Altt0ne0.
What happens when . fresh
man Republican Senator comes
to a parting Of the ways with
Joseph Mccarthy Of Wisconsin?
The answer, in the case Of
Charles Potter, Junior member Of
Senator McCarthy's Senate In
vestigations Subcommittee. is
that two-thirds of his letter.
writing constituents praise him
while the rest divide in damning
him as either a prot Communist
or as an apologist for the Army
brass"
Even before the Nation awoke
to the repercussions of Senator
McCarthy's current who lied?"
battle with Army Secretary
Stevens. Senator Potter was
being publicized in Michigan
papers as the first COP. Sena-
tor to seek the removal Of Roy
M. Cohn, subcommittee counsel
and it's chairman's most inti-
mate Washington associate. The
result was a flood of what Sen
ator Potter's staff call "McCar-
thy mail"
vehicle TO Power"
Yesterday, a breakdown of an
89-message batch of letters and
kilograms showed 81 correspon-
dents urging him to "pour it
on Senator Mccarthy. while %
demanded that the Michigan
Senator, a legless veteran Of
World War II, return to what the
writer's generally called good
AmericaniSm."
AS Senator Potter'S staff culled
the correspondence for typical"
quotes they noted that the great
bulk of the writer's professed to
be staunch Republicans; in
many cases the COP. profess
sionS could be checked FROM the
Senator's files Of past campaign
supporters.
A Pontiac (Mich.) doctor
wrote: Senator Mccarthy may
represent Wisconsin but, If he
represents the COP. then I'm
casting my next vote for the
Democrats"
Said a professional man in
rural st. Louis, Mich: I'VE Re-
publicans have gone along with
Mccarthy only because we gave
him the benefit of the doubt,
telling ourselves his work in un-
covering Subversion was more
important than his shortcom-
ings. His most recent rawlings
make clear Mccarthy is inter-
ested in subversives only for the
same reason that Hitler was in
terested in them: AS a vehicle
Evening star., 1954-03-21

publican member of the full Gov
ernment Operations Committee
serve in his place" for the hear
ingS.
If the four Republicans on the
subcommittee do not agree that
Senator Mccarthy should. step
down, Senator Symington said
he would ask that the full Gov
ernment Operations Committee
pass on the issue.
Charges Exchanged
In an official report, the Army
has accused Senator Mccarthy
and some members of the sub
committee staff of using i'm
proper pressure in efforts to win
special favors for Pvt. G. David
Schine. wealthy New York
draftee and former unpaid SUBJ
committee consultant.
Senator Mccarthy has coun-
tercharged that Secretary Stew
ems and Mr.. Adams sought to
use the drafting OF Pvt. Schine
in a "blackmail" scheme to block
the subcommittee investigation
Of Reds in the Army.
Evening star., 1954-03-21
Heorinq
Continued From First Page. }

Nearly 1930s until he left the
Communist Party in 1912.
Il The former Communist said
Justice Black was not aware of
!. the conspiracy. but his sister,
3tn-law, Mrs. Clifford Durr, had
I full knowledge of the conspira-
torlal nature of their work"
q Mrs. Durr yesterday answered
mo" twice when asked II she
i was a Communist or under party
discipline. She said I'm stand
ing mute" when asked whether
she was identified with the
SCEF.
She also declined to say
whether she was a close asso-
%ciate of Mr.. Geldes. identified by
Richard ArenS. committee cotin-
@Ssel as Communist Party leader in
The South. She also declined to
say whether she was identified
with the Spanish refugee relief
campaign and whether she and
9sher husband attended the World
Congress of IntellectualS for
SPeace in 1948.
She also would not say whether
sShe contributed to the Southern
worker, to any officer of the
Communist Party, or whether
She knew Mr.. Crouch, or
whether she arranged with Mr..
Geldes to meet Justice Black.
Was Farm Union Attorney.
Mr.. Durr was the first witness
before the committee today.
Mr.. Arens asked him if he had
ever been member of the
National Farmers Union.
Mr.. Durr said he had been its
attorney from 1850 to 1851.
Later, the final witness, Rich
ard English Of Beverly Hills,
Calf, said the National Farmers
Union had been under Com
muniSt control until recently.
Mr.. English identified himself
as a writer and radio producer
who had done extensive research
into communism.
At press conference after the
hearing closed, Senator Eastland
said he would recommend to the
full subcommittee that those wit
nesseS who refused to answer
questions and. did not plead the
Fifth Amendment. be cited for
contempt.
Senator Eastland also indi-
Evening star., 1954-03-21
Moi Supports Potter, 2 to !,
For Splitting With Corthy

Of ascent to greater personal
power"
Bishop Attacks Mccarthy.
A Protestant bishop wrote: "I
hope sincerely that. in q forth
right and unequivocal manner,
the Republican Party will read
Mccarthy out Of bounds"
Other good Republicans line
up with the pro-McC Carthy
minority.
A writer from the Detroit SUBJ
urb OF Hazel Park said: "Our
civic improvement association
believes you Potter are either
a Communist, a fellow traveller.
or a man sympathetic to the
Communist Party"
A Detroiter in apparent SYM
pathy with Senator McCarthy's
rough handling of Brig. Gen.
Ralph W. Zwicker protested
Senator Potter's actions this
way: you weren't elected on
the coattails Of Eisenhower but
on your war record and sympa-
thy for your disability and as
a protest against Truman. Now
you seem to forget who put
you in. # you want to defend
the Army brass. I wish to assure
you we shall be happy to make
you q one-termer." tN
Want Cohn Thrown Out.
why back those hidden Com
munists?1 queried an obviously
angry writer from Birmingham.
Mich. why not back loyal
Americans who are trying to
uncover them?"
Two messages typified a large
proportion Of anti-McC Carthyites'
angered by his and Mr., COINS
alleged Intervention to win spe-
cial favor for Army Pvt. G. David
Schine.
"Of my four sons. one was
killed In Germany" wrote a
birmingham man. None of
them was given special prefer
ment."
A Detroit telegram read: "A
mother Of q drafted college man
demands that Mr.. Cohn be
thrown out"
Evening star., 1954-03-21
LOST

BOXER, female. vic. Bowie, Nd: faWn
white blaze OH face. white chest. scars
''Daffy': reward WA. 7-1O0O Ext.
or Central S-3596. -22
Evening star., 1954-03-21
Army
Continued From First Page J

Ntout1Llueo from tlrSt Page.)
some other Senate committee,
however. have met firm resist
ance by Senator Mccarthy. who
insists that his subcommittee
will take care of its own affairs.
Lawyer Asked to Serve.
Senator Mundt spent part of
the day in a quest for a spe-
cial counsel to direct the SUBJ
committees projected investiga-
tion of It's own chairman and
his differences with officials of
the Army Department.
Senator Mundt and Senator
Mcclellan Of Arkansas, senior
Democrat on the subcommittee,
settled on a nationally promi-
nent attorney" not otherwise
identified, who apparently was
taken aghaSt at the idea but
who promised to think it over.
Senator Mundt said he and
Senator Mcclellan telephoned
this lawyer and his initial re-
action was as follows:
"ThiS is q terrible thing to
Evening star., 1954-03-21
/. Mccarthy Lauds
Eisenhower, Would.
Campaign for Him
(Continued From First Page.l

Continued From First Page.)
radio. newspapers and televi-
Sion."
He said the report he has been
'painstakingly preparing" would
go into "the extent to which they
have succeeded and how some
politicians are in mortal fear of
and therefore to some extent
guided by them"
Senator Mccarthy said the re-
port was an individual project"
and not a project of the Senate
Investigations Committee which
he heads.
Hits Chameleon Politicians.
"Some Chameleon politicians
of both parties make the grave
mistake of thinking that the
left wing elements of radio,
television and press along the
Potomac represent America" he
said, adding:
Clever Communists would at
tempt to use the fellow travel
ers. deluded egg-head liberals,
and fair weather or weather.
vane politicians to cut down the
power of committees to dig out
Communists.
The Senator also urged the
American people to get copies of
the subcommittee forthcoming
investigation of his row with the
Army and offered to foot the
bill himself if demand exceeds
the committees limited supply.
He said he wanted the people
to read the testimony SO that
they could determine for them
selves that his fight is not
against the Army. but against
those who would destroy the
Army"
Renews Stevenson Demand.
He renewed the demand he
made in a speech in Milwaukee
last night that Adlai Stevenson
plead either guilty or not guilty"
to a 20-count indictment which
he made against the Democratic
Party.
Senator Mccarthy said Mr..
StevenSon'S mo comment" to his
speech won't satisfy the mil
lions of loyal Democrats and Re-
publicanS."
At the time Senator Mccarthy
was working on tonight's speech
he was not aware that Mr.. Stew
enson had added, Il will not
Stoop to the Senator's level"
Senator McCarthy'S speech to-
night marked the windup of his
speaking tour that took him to
Chicago and Milwaukee before
he came here still suffering from
an attack of laryngitis that put
him to bed for a while yesterday
with a temperature of 103.