davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11

only a few scientists will b.
mentioned as combatants. Thou
sands, however, have participant
ed in the battle. More than 49,
900 papers have been written or
the subject since 1889.
The irony of it all is thai
science has been drafted to bat
tie an enemy it apparently
strengthened. The dread polio
epidemic is found most otter
in civilized countries where
medical men have insisted or
sanitation. .-a.s
The first polio epidemic ir
America was recorded in 1884,
in the Green Mountains of Yer
mont Sixteen years later, mar
finally learned the disease was
caused by virus.
Eludes Detection.
For the next 40 years the elu-
sive virus went about its deadly
work unseen. throwing off false
leads about its modus operandi.
Science had been unable to in
feet a rhesus monkey with blood
samples from a human polio VIC
tim.
Scientists believed the virus
attacked the nerve cells directly,
travelling along nerve pathways
to the central nervous system.
And for vaccine to be effective
the antibodies created in the
blood stream had to be able to
combat the virus there.
They had learned a monkey
could be vaccinated, but the
only known sources of such a
vaccine were the nerve tissues of
laboratory animals.
Such a vaccine could not be
separated from neural tissue,
which might cause an inf1amma-
ton Of the brain and nervous
system called encephalomyelitis
"a more dread disease than
polio.
Clues Turn Up.
Then suddenly, in 1912, new
clues began turning up. They
seemed to At together.
The late DR.. E. J. Cohn of the
Harvard Medical School sue
ceeded in "fractionating" blood
plasma into its component parts,
including one called gamma
globulin. Gamma globulin con-
tanned most of the blood's anti
bodies, including those of polio
But the foundation refused to
support field trials Of gamma
globulin. not only because of Its
then low level Of polio antibodies,
but also because it still was be-
lieved the polio virus never tray
eled in the blood.
Then. in 1949, probably the
greatest single discovery in the
polio investigation was made.
DR.. John EnderS and his Har-
ward associates grew polio virus
in test tubes containing nom
neural tissues.
His contribution removed the
threat Of encephalomyletis, fur
nished cheap supply Of virus for
experiments and cleared the
way for eventual commercial
manufacture Of a vaccine.
During 1949 and 1850, the ma
tional foundation, at q cost OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11
SuitIond High Boy
Wins Orutory Test

Frank Narr. II. Of Suitland
High School, representing Suit
land Post 1876. won in the finals
of the Prince Georges County
oratorical contest sponsored by
the American Legion last night
in the Greenbelt Post No. 1856.
The finals for the Southern
Maryland district will be held
next Wednesday at the armory
in Hyattsville. Md. The Snyder
Farmer-Butler Post No. 3 will
be the host,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11
Hebrew Group to Ounce

The Langley Hebrew Congre-
cation viii hold q dance at $50
pm. Sunday In the Indian Spring
Country Club. Silver Spring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11
cIuy-FiIImore PTA

The Clay-FiHmore Parent
Teacher Association will meet
tonight at 8 o'clock in the Fill
more School, Arlington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11
Arlington Book Fair

The jamestown Elementary
School. North Thirty-sixth and
Delaware streets. Arlington. will
hold q weeks book fair starting
tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11

This is the second Of series Of articles
presenting foets ond expert opinions
obout the polio voecine. its effective
ness and sofety foetovs. to help
porents hove oslmueh understanding
Of the tests as possible.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11
Test Fight on Polio
By ChorIes [. Hoffman

Tracking down and subduing
polio. is one Of the most dramatic
detective stories developing in
medical history.
But when history finally re-
cords mans inevitable victory,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11

TOmOrrOw-Safety precau-
tions i'm connection with the
new vaccine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-11

0O8AO w AAVVSe4AV4e
Passed and sent to the Gov
ernor were the following:
Donovan bill to permit Fairfax
supervisors to appoint q welfare
director.
Donovan bin to permit those
accused Of drunken driving to
request chemical analysis to
prove their innocence.
Donovan bill to authorize
transfer Of property to Gunston
Hall.
Donovan bill to give the State
Police Jurisdiction over Route 1
ana secondary roads in the Fort
Belvoir area.
Evening star., 1954-01-06
Canadian Church Group
Protests Luther Film Ban
sy the As.oeiussd P.sss

TORONTO. Jan. g. The
Canadian Church Press Associa-
ton. embracing editors OF
various Protestant communions,
said yesterday it profoundly
regrets the recent action of the
Quebec Board Of Censors in
banning showings of the reli-
gious film Martin Luther" in
predominantly Roman Catholic
Quebec Province.
The least the Quebec censors
could do. the association said in
a statement, would be to permit
the showing of this film in
churches and schools which de-
sire to use it,
The statement said it was felt
the ban did a grave injustice
to 100000 persons Of Protestant
faith in the Montreal area alone
in "depriving them of the op-
portunity of witnessing this
magnificent film depicting one
of the great heroes Of their
faith "a man who notably
changed the course of history"
Evening star., 1954-01-06
IAdriotic Floods Po Delta;
Storms Lash WesternEu Europe

ground for Europe's rich. There
was 6 inches of snow at the re-
sort Of st. Raphael.
The sun shone brightly today
in snow-hungry Switzerland.
where recent mild weather has
brought a slump to the country'S
winter sports. Heavy snow was
forecast later this week, but so
far the snowfall was below aver
age throughout the country.
Only in near-Artctic Green
land and In Sweden. where the
worst, blizzard in years swept
Stockholm over the week end,
did temperatures rise.
A thunderstorm which struck
the Godhavn area of Southwest
Greenland hrought' warmer
weather. In Northern Sweden
the mercury climbed to we'll
above the freezing point with
more warm weather forecast.
Evening star., 1954-01-06
BY the Associated Press

LONDON, Jan. 6. - Winter
gales lashed the Adriatic sea
into boiling torrent that burst
through dikes in the Pc River
delta of Northern Italy today.
Freezing temperatures put 4
thick coating of ice over most
Of the rest of Western Europe.
+ In pre-dawn darkness, the
Adriatic waters poured inland.
3 feet deep, inundating five viii
lagos near Rovigo. scene of, dis
astrous floods two years ago.
The waters guSned over hun
dreds of acres of rich farm land
and marooned shivering viii
layers on their rooftops. Huns
dredS were moved to higher
ground.
In London, Berlin, Frankfurt,
Brussels and Paris, workers went
cautiously to work along the
icebound roads and streets, and
huddled Shivering in their warm
est winter furs and woolens as
temperatures slumped to the
lowest mark for over year.
The Pc Delta floods followed
hard on the heels of Northern
1taly's worst snowstorms in Is
years. 1t blocked hundreds ot
miles OF mountain roads and left
scores of villages isolated.
The storm lashed the whole
North Adriatic. Winds howled
through Venice. piling up snow
drifts in st. Marks Square. The
gale ripped down a 50-foot-
high bridge crane in the dock
area of Trieste.
Gangs of workmen toiled to
dig out hundreds of automobiles
in mountain passes of the Italian
Alps and down the snowbound
roads of the Apennines. Scores
of people were injured in road
accidents. Two men were killed
by train as they shoveled snow
from the rails.
In the Italian Tyrol, rescue
teams from Trento struggled for
the second day, trying to fight
their way through snow to reach
a 17-year-old climber lost for
nearly three days in a blizzard.
Freak weather hit the sunny
French Riviera - winter play
Evening star., 1954-01-06

sador Clare Boothe Luce. now
on q home visit, already has
given Secretary of State Dulles
and other high American Off
cialS her personal report on
this Nations problems.
Mr.. Pella. 81, said President
Luigi Einaudi had accepted his
cabinets resignation. Mr.. Eli
naudi was expected to start talks
with party heads tomorrow as
the first step in finding a new
premier. Observers were reluc-
tant to speculate on his ultimate
choice. but they believed he
would not make any decision
before Monday.
Under a technical device. Mr..
Einaudi reserved decision" on
the Pella resignation, pending
appointment of a successor.
This keeps Mr.. Pella in Office as
the leader Of a caretaker regime.
The immediate cause of his
resignation was friction in the
Christian Democrat party of
Mr.. Pella and Mr.. De Gasperi
over the naming of an agricul-
ture minister in a reshuffled
cabinet.
The government has ben un-
der severe criticism from the left
that it is tagging on its plan,
announced in 1851. to distribute
1.729,000 acres among $50. 900
peasant families by 1862. The
government said four days ago
that the 5000 million program
was about one-third complete,
with $4,000 acres already dis
tributed to $4,000 families.
But there are other causes un-
derlying Mr.. Pella'S decision to
quit. 1taly's two million Com
muniStS, already claiming the
biggest Red membership in any
nation outside the Soviet orbit.
were said by qualified sources to
be growing stronger while the
pro-Democrat factions squabble
with each other.
The Reds exploit economic and
labor troubles. There are 2
million Italian unemployed and
many others working only part
time. Production costs have risen
along with profits. This fact has
boosted prices on the home mar
ket and harmed the export trade
which Italy needs in order to
prosper.
Evening star., 1954-01-06
Italy. Seeks Premier
AsPelIa Quits in Face
OF Leftist Pressure
BY the Assoeiassd Press

ROME, Jan. 6.-Pro-WeStern
Italian political leaders. plunged
into their second government
crisis in six months. sought a
premier today who could unite
them in a twin battle against
rising economic stress and Com
muniSt pressure.
Giuseppe Pella resigned as
premier last night in an abrupt
climax to an internal squabble
in his governing Christian Party
over a vital issue in Italy-land
reform. He had been premier
for almost five months after the
resignation Of Alcide de Gasperi
in July.
His stepdown aroused new
concern in the United States
that the Communists would
make fresh gains in Italy be-
cause Of the unstable political
and economic situation. Ambas-
Evening star., 1954-01-06
Argentina Eases
Private Radio Curbs
BY the Asseeiosed Press

BUENOS AIRES, Jan. g.
Argentina's private radio broad
casting industry, which has been
under virtual dictatorial control
by the Ministry of Communica-
tions. regained a large part of
its independence yesterday.
The government published a
decree lifting direct control from
the private stations which will
operate as three separate net
works. The government still
maintains its own state radio
and its chain.
The new rules require station
owners to avoid broadcasting
false, biased or alarmist news.
Advertising must be dignified and
honest.
Stations. violating the code
may be suspended for three
hours to 80 days or may be re-
quired to continue programs
without advertising revenue dur
ing the penalty period.
The former deputy governor
Of the province of Cordoba, Ar
turo lila, and 16 other political
prisoners also have been released
under the terms of Argentina S
new amnesty law. Mr.. lila is a
former Radical Party deputy.
Evening star., 1954-01-06
|LanieI Puts Regime
| At Stake in Vote Of
Confidence Today
sy the Associated Press

PARIS, Jan. 6.-Premier Jo-
seph Laniel faced the National
Assembly today in an effort to
pull his crumbling majority to-
gether for vote Of support in
advance Of the Big -Four foreign
ministers meeting in Berlin.
He was expected to win grudg-
ing approval-not for love of Mr..
Laniel but to assure France Of
having a foreign minister present
when the talks open on January
Is. Even some of Mr.. Laniel's
bitter enemies want France to
speak UP with some show of
authority In Berlin.
The test comes on a statement
Of general policy by Mr.. Laniel
stressing domestic affairs. fol-
lowed by a demand that debate
be cut OF. Mr.. Laniel planned
to tell the special assembly ses-
sion that If he is defeated or gets
a weak majority on his demand
to pigeonhole debate. he will re-
sign. BY this device he avoids
24-hour postponement required
when a formal confidence vote
Is posed.
Adjournments and explana-
tions by the deputies of their
views on postponing debate were
expected to put of the vote un-
til late tonight.
Normally the question of sup
port for the government would
not come up until after the in
stallation Of President-elect Rene
Coty on January Is. Tradition
requires the cabinet to resign
then But Mr.. Laniel. realizing
he was on shaky ground. told
outgoing President Vincent Au-
riol last week he wanted to quit
at once. Mr.. Auriol and Mr..
Coty conferred and asked Mr..
Laniel to remain in Office. This
gave Mr.. Laniel the excuse to
seek an immediate expression of
confidence from the assembly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09

with commercial loans wholly or
partially. insured by the Govern
ment.
Senator Capehart said public
hearings, in recess this week,
would resume for two weeks
starting Monday. Another week
of public Sessions will he held
the week OF August 2.
He added he is making plans
to hold hearings in Los Angeles
the last week in August and N
New York, Detroit and Chicago
during September.
San Antonio Case Mentioned.
Mr.. Winston has been named
by housing officials as one of
several beneficiaries of halt
million dollar windfall profit on
loan funds advanced to build the
Billy Mitchell Village, Inc, in
San Antonio, Tex.
William F. McKenna, special
deputy to Federal Housing Chief
Albert M. Cole, has testified Mr..
Winston was one of five stock
holders of the corporation which
built the project en- a capital
investment OF $4,000 and a Gov
ernment-insured loan of more
than 50 million.
Other stockholders. Mr.. Nc
Kenna testified, were David
MuSs, Louis N. Kaplan, both. of
New York City; Henry w. Penn
Of San Antonio and the South
west Homes Texas Co.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
Legion Group Urges U. 5.
To Cut Ties With Russia
BY the Associated Pres.

BALTIMORE, July 9.-sever-
ance Of United States diplomatic
relations with Russia was pro-
posed yesterday in a resolution
introduced at the Maryland con-
vention of the American Legion.
The resolution. last Of more
than a dozen put before the
convention its first day, was
sponsored by the Potomac Post
of Williamsport.
1t contends the diplomatic
missions of the Russians and
their satellite governments .'are
IN fact nests of espionage, sedi-
tiouS propaganda and sabotage. I"
The resolution gave recent
shipment of arms to Guatemala
by Russia as sufficient ground
for breaking off relations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09

sorship of matter written by
military personnel is limited to
matters of military security. It
was argued the Army lacked au-
thority to judge Col. Voorhees,
book on any other basis.
The defense counsel pointed
out that Col Voorhees, had writ
ten that Gen. Macarthur made a
gross error of Judgment in max
ing a public announcement Of
an offensive before it's launch
ing. The defense commended this
could be construed as nothing
more than disrespect and it
noted that Gen. Macarthur, at
the time, had retired and was
then engaged in civilian en-
ployment and political activities.
The Army argued that to
charge Gen. Macarthur with bad
judgment and publicity seeking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
D. c. Painter Held
On MoIesting Charge

A Washington painter, once
accused of AZ housebreakings,
was held on $4,000 bond yester-
day on charges of stealing So
from an apartment and then
molesting sleeping housewife.
He is Norbert J.. Sutkaitis, 20,
of the 100 block of @ street
NV, charged with housebreak-
ing and assault. He was identi-
fed by the woman, Mrs. David
Rupert. 20, 1928 Churc h
street NV.
Judge Edward A. Beard set
the bond in Municipal Court.
Scanning Sutkaitis' record,
Judge Beard declared "this man
has an antf-social sort of atti-
tude." Detectives Wallace K.
Valentine and Lenard G. Kragh
said Sutkaitis had been accused
of AZ housebreakings and lar
cenies in April. May and June,
1852.
He was found mentally incom-
petent in June, 1852. and sent to
st. Elizabeths Hospital, which
later released him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
Christian Can Be Communist
Rev. MeIish Tells Probers

opposing the Marxist dogma
that religion is the opium of
the masses"
The clergyman also expressed
the view that the Communist
Party has been improperly listed
as a subversive organization.
The board is seeking to deter
mine whether the National
Council of American Soviet
Friendship, Inc, of which Mr..
Melish formerly was national
chairman, should be required to
register as Red agent.
Mr.. Melish'S council activities
resulted in his father, the Rev.
DR.. John Howard Melish, being
removed from the Brooklyn pull
pit in 1949 by Bishop James P.
De Wolfe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

CHICAGO, July ga 21-year-
old man. trapped nude in a
chimney Of the Chicago Yacht
Club. was rescued today.
He told police that four rob-
bers dropped him down the
chimney. but detectives said it
appeared he had climbed down
the chimney by himself.
The man, Joseph Laroe, was
released by f1remen who chopped
a hole near the base of the brick
chimney. He was taken to st.
Luke's Hospital in critical condi-
ton from chest injuries.
In clump Of bushes near the
one-story clubhouse, Detectives
Louis Aurand and Raymond
Earsman said they found Laroe's
clothing in a neat pile beside
his shoes. Detective Aurand
said Laroe would be questioned
further to determine whether he
had attempted burglary of the
club.
Laroe'S Smothered ScreaYnSI for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
Capeharf Asks Dulles
TO Cancel Passport
OF Housing Witness
By the Associated Press

Senate housing probers have
asked State Department aid in
bringing back a New York man
who, Senator Capehart, Repub-
lican Of Indiana, says "flew to
France a few days ago i. under
circumstances which make it APP
pear he was trying to avoid be-
ing questioned" !.
Senator Capehart said last
night he was asking the; State
Department, which had no COM;
ment on possible action, to- lift
the passport Of Norman K. Win
ston, described by the Senator as
a New York City operator en-
gagged in large construction
projects in Texas and Ohio"
Senator Capehart is chairman
Of the Senate Banking Commit
tee. which has been investigating
reports Of multimillion- dollar
irregularities in the Federal
housing program. He called Mr..
Winston a "key witness" and
said he had once promised to
testify.
More Investigators Sought.
He said he had written Sec
rotary OF State Dulles asking him
TO rescind Mr.. Winston's pass
port and send him back to the
United States for questioning by
the committee"
The Senator said also he will
ask for an expanded staff of
investigators to help with the
housing investigation because
the magnitude of the apparent
irregularities. appears al
most incomprehensible."
The committee is probing
"windfall" profits made by some
builders Of apartments who f.
nanced their operations with
Government-insured loans. Such
excess profits resulted when a
project cost less than the Gov
ernment-ins'lred loan, and pro-
moters pocketed the difference.
The committees inquiry has
centered on possible collision be-
tween builders, project sponsors
and housing officials under an
apartment project program
which expired in 1850.
Other Matters Studied.
But other sections of the law
which are still in effect will get
a full committee scrutiny. Sem
ator Capehart said. These in
clude cooperative housing prof.
ects, military and defense hous-
ing, the big sales housing pro-
gram and the home repair loan
program, all of which operate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09

down in the vicinity Of Carpen-
ter Point. q few miles west Of
here near the mouth Of the Sus-
quehanna and Northeast Rivers.
Search parties set out to scour
the wooded section.
At about the same time the
ballistics research laboratories
at Aberdeen lost contact with a
radio-controlled drone it uses to
study various types Of control
systems for the pilotless craft.
The drones are used for anti
aircraft target practice. Usually
they come down by parachute
when they have run their. course.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
BY the Assoeiased Press

NEW YORK, July Am
Episcopal minister testified yes
terday that "a person can be a
Communist and a Christian un-
der certain qualified circum-
stances"
The Rev. William Howard
Melish, acting minister of the
Brooklyn Church Of the Holy
Trinity, made the statement be-
fore a hearing of the Govern
ment's Subversive Activities
Control Board.
II Mr.. Melish, who has sworn
that he never was a Communist
or Communist Party member,
said a Christian could share
some views of Marxism" while
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
New Shepherds Hotel
Begun With Ceremony
By the Assecia,ed Pres,

CAIRO, Egypt. July "a fat
sheep was slaughtered yesterday
to herald the start of rebuilding
Of Shepherds Hotel, burned
during fiots in January, 1852.
The sheep-killing is custom
believed to bring good luck. The
new nine-story building bearing
the old name will be erected on
q new site overlooking the Nile
opposite the Semiramis Hotel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09

in his Korean decisions was de-
structive to the morale of men
still serving in the theater, re-
CARELESS of whether the general
still was on active duty.
The Army also contended 1t
was within its constitutional
rights in enforcing regulations
which require service personnel
to submit their writings for
clearance before publication.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
Man raped Nudein c Kinney
Suspected Of BurqIoryA Attempt

help were heard by q motorist
at $40 am. Police and firemen
were summoned, and the bricks
removed from the chimney.
Laroe told his rescuers that four
men had robbed him. stripped
him Of his clothes, taken him
to the roof Of the yacht club
and dropped him feet first into
the chimney.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
PilotIess Plane Escapes,
Sets OFF Crash Scare
BY The Assoeioisd Press

HAVRE DE GRACE, Md, July
9.-A pilotless target plane got
away at the Army's Aberdeen
Proving Ground yesterday,
touching of an airplane crash
scare.
Irving A. Pomerant of Charles
town, Md, reported to State po-
lice he an several others had
seen 3 plane headed straight
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
City Backs Juckuss Week
BREEDING. Calif., july 9 ZAP

PREDDING, Calf, July 8 up.
The City Council proclaimed
July 1924 National. Jackass
Week-complete with a popular
ity contest to choose your fav-
orite jackass-animal or hui
man." George Fleharty, top ex-
allied grand puncher of the
Asphalt Cowboys, fun-loving
group of businessmen. sold the
council on the idea yesterday to
publicise a community barbecue
here August /.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
Voorhees,
Continued From First Page J

NOUIIII1UeU FTONI F1ISC Fagt.I
missed and decreed that he for
felt pay and allowances after
review Of the sentence. The fl
nancial penalty was negligible,
however.
Counsel for the 51-year-old
defendant maintained that CEN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-07-09
NEGRO Police Inspector

PHILADELPHIA. July 9 (P.-
Commissioner Thomas Gibbons
yesterday announced appoint
ment Of Allen Ballard as the
first Negro member Of the Phil
adelphia police department to
attain the post of inspector.