davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20

NEW YORK, (GlobaD During
the past few weeks, we have no.
ticed considerable criticism of
President Eisenhower for being
.snappish" with some reporters at
his weekly press conference. Men
toned particularly was a Negro
woman reporter whose questions
on segregation, housing and the
ike as they effect Negroes, seem
to have irritated the President.
Many people do not understand
the techniques employed by report
erS in these conferences. While The
press conference may be designed
for reporters to "get the news first
hand for their readers" it is un-
true that many reporters
are sent there to draw out a GER
tain angle of the news, and their
questions are framed may times to
put an official on the spot.
Certainly a liberal newspaper
which had established reputation
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20
Straight Ahead

for backing almost exclusively the
causes of labor and advocating Z
government supervision over most
Of the nations activity, would eX-
pect it's representative to frame
a question in such a way as to
gain public sympathy for the views
of his paper. The conservative
newspapers representative the
paper which supports the idea OF
free enterprise and the deevlop-
ment of individual initiative, will
ask questions designed to bring out
the points which his newspaper
This, of course, is legitimate.
the clever reporter has
the art of needing" the
who is being interviewed
without obviously slapping him in
the face In other words, he uses
a Stiletto instead of a meat axe
and when it is all over, no one
could possibly argue that he was
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20

For tasty Beef and Noodles: take
q pound of ground round steak, l
tablespoon of SAVIOR salt, 1 tea
spoon of garlic, p pound of graf
ed American cheese, 1 can of whole
kernel corn, 2 cups of tomatoes,
and l package of wide noodles.
Fry the ground beef for few
minutes; and add, seasoning, corn,
land tomatoes. Then in an oiled
casserole, arrange the cooked
noodles, cheese, and meat in lay
ers. Bake in the oven for As min
.uteS, and serve. CThe Chuckbox,
Arizona CoWbelleS)
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20
not the very soul of discretion.

not the very soul OF discretion.
We are happy to know that our
Negro reporters have in recent
years been able to attend these
presidential press conferences and
bring up the questions Negroes
everywhere are interested in. The
charge has often been made, how
ever, that Negroes at such times,
become completely absorbed in the
race problem and belabor that
question to the exclusion of all
others. That is certainly under
standable, because we have had to
live with this problem every day
and have been weighted down with
it.
Our reporters in Washington,
through skillful handling of their
questions, can make it unmiStak
ably clear that our problems on
the home front are of prime i'm
portance. But they also have the
responsibility for seeing to it that
their questions are legitimate, de-
signed to get the truth, framed in
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20
!!lZ
Phoenix, Arizona
'riday, August 20, 1854

Friday, August 20, 1854
Well Folks:
Looks as tho I'll take that va
cation after all. Well, it will
certainly be a quicl<ie. Leave
here Saturday morning early
and back sometime Thursday.
All of sudden we decided that
we had best see what was going
on over on the coast. So we will
pack our three kids into the car
and hook onto our little old
camp trailer and take off for
the wide open spaces.
Be seeing you when we get
back. In the meantime Annie
Mae, Jean and Beverly will as
always take care of your bever-
age needs.
FREDDY"
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20

To kill organisms that spoil
canned food, use pressure cooker
in canning. This makes it possible
to raise the, temperature of canned
food above PIP degrees F., the
temperature needed to kill the
organisms.
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20

How cany cows to the bull de-
.pends lot on the type of range
you have. For every 20 cows, one
tbull is the common practice. But,
lin rough country, one bull to every
IL to Is cows is a better ratio.
Arizona sun., 1954-08-20

such a way as to throw the spot
light on any controversial question,
letting the chips fall where they
may.
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Life in the u. S.
GuNows Waits
II Years, but
Loses Victim
BY the Associoted Press

FORT HUACHUCA, Ariz., Nov.
25.-A gallows which has been
waiting II years-in vain-to
claim it's victim has just been
ordered torn down by the Army.
In 1S43, Oscar B. Dudley and
two other soldiers here were con-
victed of murder and sentenced
to hang. The two others were
executed, but Dudley escaped
into Mexico.
Last September Dudley was
picked up by Memphis (Tenn.)
police. Ffngerprints identified
him as the condemned man.
A review board commuted his
sentence to life Imprisonment
Dudley is now confined to the
Army disciplinary barracks at
Fort LeayenWorth, Kans.
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Doris FIeeson-
Stevenson Looks to New Goals
Democratic Leader Is Ready to Meet Eisenhowe
Hallway on Foreign PoIcy-but Not Nixon

Adlai Stevenson will set
forth his views on the respon-
sibility Of the Democratic
Party during the next two
years when he addresses the
National Committee meeting in
New Orleans December 4.
He will deal both with for
eign and domestic policy in a
carefully wrought major
speech. He expects to devote
most of next week to it's prepa-
ration, consulting with friends
and reviewing the newspapers
and magazines he missed
while on his hunting vaca-
ton. The care he devotes to
writing and polishing his
speeches is proverbial
On foreign policy the 1852
Democratic candidate for Pres
ident has just had the advan-
tage of a hriefing by one of
the worlds best-informed ex-
perts, the French Prime Min
lister, Pierre Mendes-France.
The two men spent an hour to-
gether In New York Tuesday.
1t was learned on good au-
thority that Mr.. Mendes-
France took full advantage of
the opportunity to explain
France to the titular leader of
the party which will control
the next Congress. though not
the White House. Mr.. Steven
Evening star., 1954-11-25

Communist government has
not yet been able to get its
price for agreement.
Prolonged and irritating ne
gotiations with deadlocks and
disagreements would not In
themselves be a bar to peace
full co-existence" but it is the
third condition laid down by
the Moscow leader which
makes the first two of doubt
full value. That condition he
expressed as follows: Co
existence ideologically
This means Moscow intends
to assert it's policy Of infiltra-
ton and penetration into the
governments and institutions
OF peaceful countries. It means
that the Communists feel they
must continue to use espio-
mage and tactics of subversion
inside the free world.
1t. is this phase of Com
munist policy which started
the "cold war" and has kept it
going for several years now.
So "co-existence" in the mind
Of the Communist govern
ment in Moscow means the
right to wage a "cold war"
on the territories of the free
countries Of the world.
This confession of purpose
reveals the emptiness Of the
slogan itself. For peaceful
co-existence" evidently means
that the Soviets intend to get
every advantage they can out
Of trade and diplomatic agree
ments but will refuse to accept
any obligation to refrain from
invading the territory of the
other countries that embrace
peaceful co-existence" as a
policy.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1954-11-25
cells to constitute a new indi-

cells to constitute a new indi.
!. vidual.
Homozyg0us-An individual who
receives identical genes from
both parents.
Hetr0zyg0us-An individual with
parental chromosomes which
do not completely match.
Mutation-A change In the gene
structure Of protoplasm which
results in changed hereditary
char vEters.
Half -life-The interval during
which half Of any radioactive
originally present win diSinte-
CRATE. Uranium has q half-life
Of several billion years. Radio
active iodine used in thyroid
treatments has a half life of
eight days. After six half lives.
it is calculated, only inf1nites-
imal traces Of the original
substance win remain.
Roentgen-The accepted unit Of
radiation defined as "the guam
tity Of gamma or X-rays that
will produce a certain electri-
cal conductivity In a cubic CEN
timeter Of air under constant
pressure and temperature.
Gamma Rays-Exceptionally po-
tent X-rays. the principle radi-
alton causing genetic damage.
Evening star., 1954-11-25
The Red View Of 'Co-Existence'
In the Field Of Trode, Immediately; DiPlomoticoIy
And MilitoriN. on Terms. ldeoLoqcoIk--Neve

for as one Of your well-known
Presidents said, Either we
hang together or hang sep
arately.'
"I would not like to express
an opinion as to what goes
on in the minds of the Rus
sian leaders. except to say that
so far as I am concerned ! am
not prepared to lower the flag
Of democracy as we under
stand 1T in the West"
Now 1t is clear from the fore
going that the Communist gov
ernment would like to get all
the trade advantages it can
through a worldwide accept
ance of the "co-existence"
doctrine. This Is understand
able because the. Soviets are in
need Of machinery and tools
as well as certain raw mate
rails vital to the building OF a
war machine.
AS for "co-existence" on a
military or a diplomatic basis,
the use of the phrase ION
terms" means that Moscow,
wants to negotiate. Any par
leys with the Communists are
usually long drawn out and
have never yet ended in any
important concession by the
Soviets. The truce agreement
in Korea and the one in Indo-
China are examples Of mill
tary agreements that have
been violated. Likewise, the
agreements made at Yalta,
which were both diplomatic
and military, have been ia
grantly disregarded by the
Communists.
The allied efforts to get a
treaty with Austria ratified by
the Moscow government have
been continuing for years, but
without result. Evidently the
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Glossary of Genetic Terms

The following glossary will be
found helpful in connection with
Science Editor Thomas r. Hen
rvs six-story series exploring the
effects Of atomic radiation on
the human race:
Gene-An invisibly minute par
ticle Of protoplasn which is
the recognized unit of heredity.
It has the unique property of
guiding and bonding together
of raw materials around 1t into
an exact duplicate of itself." :"
Each Of the trillions Of cells
which make up the human
body contains the full human
complement Of thousands of
genes. Those In the germs
cells are passed on to the next
generation.
ChPomosome - A fine thread
thousands Of times longer than
thick, differentiated along its
length into hundreds or thou
sands of functionally distinct
and individual self-reproducing
regions-the genes. Every cell
in the human body has rs
chromosomes.
Gamete-The mature germ cell
of one individual, plant or ami
NAL.
Zygote-The union of two germs
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Ambassador Caffery
Files for Retirement
BY the A.soeiossd Press

Veteran diplomat jefferson
Cafery, Ambassador to Egypt
since 1949, has applied for re-
tirement, according to officials
here.
At 81, Mr.. Caffery has been
representing the United States
in the worlds capitals longer
than any ambassador. a career
stretching back 43 years.
His patient, old-style diplo-
macy paid of last summer when
British and Egyptian leaders
signed an agreement that prom
ises to end 70 years OF strife
over the British occupation of
Egyptian soil. Britons and
Egyptians agree MFR. Caffery
played an important role as mid
die man in the delicate negotia-
tions which are taking British
troops from the Suez Canal zone.
Impeccably groomed, soft
spoken with the drawl of his
native Louisiana. Mr.. Caffery
looks like a movie version of a
diplomat.
He rose from legation secre-
tary at Caracas, Venezuela, at
the age of Is through all the
grades Of the United States for
eign service. He has been an
ambassador for 20 years-in
Brazil. France and Egypt.
In addition he has served in
Sweden, Iran. London. Spain.
Greece. Japan, Germany. Bel
gium, El Salvador. Colombia and
Cuba. He served briefly as As
sistant Secretary Of State in
1888.
Evening star., 1954-11-25

son was described as a good
listener.
Mr.. Mendes-France was, of
course, fresh from conferences
here with President Eisen-
hover and Secretary of State
Dulles and had checked in with
the United Nations. The cables
have been full, too, of the many
problems he will confront when
he returns home to start re-
forming Frances internal
economy.
The meeting between the
French Premier and Mr.. Ste
venson was arranged by George
Ball, Washington lawyer who
is friend and counsel to both
men. It was not their first
session. Mr.. Stevenson talked
with Mr.. Mendes-France In
Paris last year. ~ A
1t will be recalled also that
when this country was exert
ing pressure on Mr.. Mendes-
France to rescue the European
Defense Community, Mr.. Ste
verson wrote him a personal
note in longhand to assure
him it was not a partisan issue
but favored by all Americans.
1t can be confidently fore
cast that on foreign policy Mr..
Stevenson will meet Gen. Eli
senhower halfway but not
Vice President Nixon. The Vice
President will not be allowed
Evening star., 1954-11-25

the first generation offspring Of
individuals who got heavy doses
of radiation in the bcmbings Of
Nagasaki and Hiroshima has
very little meaning. The mu-
tations caused in the germ plasm
would be largely recessives. No
great increase in monsters" or
otherwise obviously abnormal
people, can be expected in a
generation. But there may be
more of them in the still un-
born second generation and still
more In the third and fourth.
The recessives have been added
permanently to the genetic her
itage Of mankind. There is no
way Of getting rid of them arbi-
trarily.
It is generally agreed that
about SO per cent of mutations
in men. or fruit flies, are HARM
full. Some of them are only
mildly harmful. These are
known as "sub-lethals." There
are enormous numbers Of these,
says DR.. Muller. They are in
the germ plasm of every human
being. They often affect only
obscure mechanisms of the
enormously complicated process
of living.
They are responsible, DR..
Muller believes, for many Of the
degenerations which occur in
later years-failures in some
sort Of metabolism, lack Of func-
tioning of certain physiological
chemicals, and the like. 9a
Everybody Is loaded with them
but there Is no way to detect
their existence.
Tomorrow: Mutations and
the part played by radiation
In zane rhau1eS
Evening star., 1954-11-25

to forget at New Orleans that
he picked up the Mccarthy
line in the campaign about
the Democrats being soft on
communism. An exhibit there
will probably be devoted to the
Nixon speeches in the Far
West.
In the field of domestic
policy Mr.. Stevenson realizes
that the Congress. after all,
will take the lead. But he is
known to feel that it is time
to set new goals and create
new plans rather than look
back to the New and Fair
Deals.
Conferences of Democratic
leaders have still not developed
the ideal national chairman.
Oscar Chapman, former Secre-
tary Of Interior, has been sug-
gested as the perfect compro-
mise, but he is i'll. So is James
Finnegan, president OF the
Philadelphia City Council, cam
didate of his State leaders.
Meanwhile, Paul Butler,
Indiana national committee
man, is ignoring a Truman
veto and collecting support.
So is Mike Di Sale of Toledo,
Ohio, former price administra-
tor. And National Chairman
Mitchell has grimly turned
down a suggestion that he stay
on for a few more months.
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Dovid Lawrence

Just what does the Commu-
mist government at Moscow
mean by "co-existence"? An
answer direct from the horses
mouth has been made avail
able by r. L. King, who mas
just been appointed admins
trative assistant to Vice Presi-
dent Nixon.
Mr.. King wrote a few weeks
ago from st. Louis TO Sam
Watson, member of a British
delegation, who had been talk
ing with the No. 2 man in Mos
COW - Nikita s. Khrushchev.
Here is the text of Mr.. Wat
sons reply, which is dated
October 81:
MAY I in the first place
>ank you for your letter but
rlaKs~a correction? ! am not
a men. YER Of Parliament. but
the general secretary Of the
National Union of Mine Work
ers, Durham area. and a mem
ber of the Labor Party execu-
tive.
"You can rest assured that
the following paragraph sums
up correctly the outcome of my
conversation with Nikita s.
KhruShchev:
"Co-existence in the field of
trade - Immediately: co-exist-
ence militarily and diplomati-
cally-on terms: co-existence
ideologically-never.'
II was very glad to do what
I could. both in China and
Russia, to indicate to the lead
ership that relations between
America and Britain were just
as inseparable as relationships
between China and Russia.
1T will be a sorry day for
this world when America and
Britain go their separate ways,
Evening star., 1954-11-25

defend them, and we offer
heartfelt thanks that there
are today among us legicns of
thinkers and doers and seers
who will fight only the harder
to preserve them for nur chill
dren as the forces of repres-
sion. RECOMMENDATION and ruin
close in.
The thanks that Americans
are humbly giving this day
will be no ritual of pious COM
placency. Perhaps the very
absence Of security in most Of
Americas history has effecv
lively prevented SNUG satisfac-
tion from ever characterizing
the gratitude we feel. We
stand on the ramparts today
as we have stood many times
in many years. looking out,
not with superior curiosity, but
with quiet watchfulness, con-
fident but not cocky.
Because the nature of our
thanks is born in faith that
our way Of life is valuable be-
yond price. our gratitude is re-
plete with a strong sense Of
hope. Faith that our hard
won institutions of freedom
are the best ever devised for
the dignity Of man carries
woven within it the unquench-
able hope that other men in
other lands will come to know
and to enjoy that faith.
The strength that resides in
faith has been our sword and
shield In the past and must
protect us in the world jungle
OF today. In giving thanks,
then. let us resolve again and
again to turn a deaf ear to
those among us who would
destroy that faith in the de-
fusion that the growing cyni-
cism OF a world beset by O new
and terrible conspiracy Of evil
makes spiritual values obso-
lete.
And let us heed the watch
men on the towers.
Evening star., 1954-11-25
BY the Associated Press

NORFOLK, Va, Nov. 25.-Her
two masts snapped by the force
Of a bowling gale, a 62-foot
schooner finally sank in the At
lantic Ocean yesterday as her
owner and a crew member were
being landed in Norfolk by q
Navy destroyer.
The Sealove, a 25-year dream
OF G. B. Costello, recently dis
charged naval officer, sank about
5 pm. while in the tow of the
Coast Guard cutter Confer
headed for Wilmington, N. C.
Mr.. Costello and his crewman,
John T. Hughes, Is. of Cape May.
N. j., struggled aboard the de-
stroyer Cony shortly before mid
night Wednesday, leaving the
Sealove lurching crafty in the
sea about 56 miles southeast of
Wilmington.
The Confer towed the schoon-
er for almost two hours toward
Wilmington before the vessel
finally surrendered to the pound
ing the Atlantic had been giving
her since Mr.. Costello and Mr..
Hughes first encountered heavy
weather Wednesday morning on
their way from Oyster Bay, N. Y,
to Tampa, Fla.
Mr.. Costello, who once lived
in New York, received his Navy
discharge October IL after serv-
ing as executive officer aboard
the Marquette, an attack cargo
ship operating out Of the naval
operating base here. II
He went directly to Oyster Bay
to pick up the Sealove, pur-
chased by him three years ago
and chartered of Long Island
since then.
His crewman, Mr.. Hughes, re-
Gently was discharged from the
Coast Guard and was working
his way to the Virgin Islands,
where Mr.. Costello planned to
have the Sealoye overhauled and
Evening star., 1954-11-25

ments involved-but they are
just as real as the equally in
visible atoms and molecules.
Their reality has been estab-
lished by a century Of biologi-
cal research since they first
were postulated by the Bohe-
mian monk, Gregor Mendel.
There must be at least an
elementary understanding of
them, say the prophets of ra-
cial doom, before mankind can
appreciate its danger.
The Function Of Genes.
Presumably most physical
forms and functions of both
fruit flies and men are regu-
lated by genes" and combina-
tions of genes" These are in
visibly minute particles of pro-
toplasrn bound together in
chainlike structures. If the
nature Of one of these genes is
altered its influence will be diff
ferent. In a human, for exam
kple, the influence of a certain
combination of genes might ac-
tivate the physiological process
Of forming a certain type of
blood cell. If the gene is chem
ically changed this particular
type Of blood cell will not be
formed:
A human being, according to
DR.. Herman j. Muller of the
University of Indiana, has at
least $4,000 genes and probably
double that number. There is no
way of counting them. It is
known that 80 genes, acting in
combination, determine the color
of eyes in frui., flies. Double that
number may function in deter
mining the eye color of man.
The genes Of two parents COM
bine to form the gene structure
of an individual. A gene from
either parent may be dominant
or recessive, or partly dominant
and partly recessive. If a gene
determining some function is
dominant some function is
process Of this function in the
offspring, as against a recessive
gene for the same function from
the father. But the offspring
still will carry in his germ plasm
the recessiye gene. It will re-
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Load Saves Trucker

ODELL, Neb., Nov. 25.-
When truck driver Dennis
Snyder of Odell swerved his
heavy truck to avoid a parked
car, the truck overturned,
dumping its load of sawdust on
the ground. Mr.. Snyder went
flying out of the cab and
landed in the pile of sawdust.
He was dazed, but hospital
attendants said he apparently
was unhurt,
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Flyer Finds Glasses

MELBA, Idaho, Nov. 25.-Yale
Holland was flying at 1000 feet
over a farm near here in the
course of his duties with Amalga-
mated Sugar Co. Suddenly the
door of his plane flew open and
a rush of air whipped his glasses
out into space.
Mr.. Holland said he marked the
location Of the incident in his
mind. Then he came back here
by car, walked out into the field
and picked up the lost spectacles.
The lenses were not broken and
the frames were only slightly
damaged.
Evening star., 1954-11-25
Skipper Waits rs Years
For Schooner, Gale Sinks 1t

eventually planned to live with
his wife and two children.
Mrs. Costello and the children
we're waiting for a Thanksgiving
meeting with the skipper of the
Sealove at Charleston, S. c., and
Mr.. Costello few on to Charles
ton to meet them. He said he
will use the $4,000 insurance he
has coming to buy another sail
boat-"maybe smaller. about so
feet"
When you dream and plan
and save for something for 25
years." Mr.. Costello remarked,
you don't give up so easily"
Evening star., 1954-11-25

main in the germ plasm stream
of this hereditary line for gen.
erations, possibly forever. Per-
haps it never will become mani
fest. Perhaps, sooner or later,
two parents will have the same
recessive gene and the dominant
one will disappear from their
offspring.
|, This, DR.. Muller says, is
an oversimplification, although
widely taught in genetics courses.
It is quite unlikely, he believes,
that there are many absolutely
recessive genes. AS long as one
of them remains in the germ
plasm it exerts some influence
perhaps q Goth the effect Of
a dominant. This means that a
person who receives recessive
gene which happens to be detri-
mental is not quite as well of,
SO far as the particular purpose
it serves is concerned, as If he
didn't have it.
Everybody's genes constantly
are undergoing changes, or "mu-
tations." It is a general, al
though by no means absolute,
rule that disadvantageous
changes in one parent will be
recessives-that is, a gene in
the normal parent will take over
control in the offspring. But
the recessive still is there, a
snake in the grass. ready to as
sert itself when an opportunity
arises, and 1t almost always will
exert some influence.
Long Delay in Effects.
# The hereditary effects may
not appear at all for several
generations. II the mutations
are Immediately lethal, these
may never appear. Thus, DR..
Muller points out, the study of