davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
BY the Associated Press

CHICAGO, Jan. 28.-Circuit
Judge Richard B. Austin says
all-female juries have brought in
some ridiculous verdicts" and
are not as good as all-male jul
ries.
Addressing the Mems Club of
the United Protestant Church in
suburban Park Forest last night,
Judge Austin admonished the
men that it is the duty of all
good male citizens to serve on
juries when summoned.
But he added. 1.-The same urg-
ency does not exist as far as your
wife is concerned, when she is
summoned for jury duty"
1.-THE average lawyer would
prefer an all-male jury to an
all-female jury" he declared.
He cited two instances of GRIM
inal trials before all-female ju-
ries when he was assistant States
attorney during World War II.
He said they brought in "ridicu-
lous verdictS."
Asked about his speech by a
newsman, Judge Austin added
that "it's amazing to me that
II women could agree on any,
thing"
He cited the trials of two
brothers who were charged with
kidnapping a currency exchange
owner and holding him captive
while one of them burglarized
the exchange.
"One Of the men was caught
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Progress of Past Year
Marked in Free World

The past year was marked
throughout most of the free
world by new, advances in pro-
duction. general price stability,
Salutary readjustment of the
international pattern of trade
and payments, and further re-
moval Of the emergency con-
trolls instituted during World
War II and its aftermath.
The upsurge of production
and employment, which has
been sustained with but brief
Interruptions in the United
States for about dozen years,
continued in 1858. New rec
ordS were established in in
dustrial activity. employment.
and the disbursement of in
comes. Unemployment reached
the lowest level of any peace
time year in recent decades.
The average level of prices was
remarkably steady. The fruits
of expanding production and
enterprise were shared widely.
The gross national product.
which expresses the market
value of all the goods produced
and services rendered, in
creased from $348 billion in
1852 to $367 billion in 1858.
The increased output Of
1853 generated a larger flow
of incomes to individuals. cor
porations, and the several
levels of Government. The sum
of personal incomes increased
from $269.7 billion in 1852 to
S284.6 billion in 1853, with both
workers and investors sharing
in the increase. On a per-
centage basis, the share of
total personal income received
by investors Chat is. divi-
dends, interest. and net rent
als) was lis per cent in 1858,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28

rents. medical care and transpor-
tation, kept up living costs as a
whole.
He commented that "the fact.
however, that the index of con-
sumner prices rose very little dur
ing 1853 is an indication that
most of the earlier inflationary
fuel has already burnt itself out"
Credit curbs were an impor-
tant factor here, he said
Because it was deemed advis-
able to take preventive steps be-
fore any downturn occurred in
the Nations economy, the Presi-
dent explained, "the Council of
Economic advisers was instructed
early in the year to design plans
for dealing with a business de-
preston. although none was in
sight"
One step was the development
of a continuous inventory of
sound public works projects.
classified so they could be pushed
speedily if need arose.
Federal Functions Stopped.
Another move, the President
said, was to get the Govern
ment started on q program of
| divesting itself of such func-
lions that private enterprise
could perform more efficiently.
Disposal Of the war-born rubber
industry, liquidation of the Re-
construction Finance Corp; sale
of "unprofitable" Federal barge
lines and removal of Federal
roadblocks" to power develop
ment by local interests, and re-
/ duction OF Government spend
ing, were among the items he
checked off.
/ The President said that State
and local Government now have
the resources to finance a "sig-
nificant expansion of public
works." but they might have
trouble, in event of serious UNI
employment, he continued, and
then the Federal Government
would have to step in.
Turning to other fields in
which the Government should
move to keep the economy in
high gear, the President re-
peated the tax reforms that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Researcher Brands
Rune Stone as Fake
0y he Asseeieted Press

LOS ANGELES, Jan. 28.-The
Kensington rune stone, purport-
ing to show that Scandinavian
explorers visited America 1870
years before Columbus, has been
branded by o language scholar
as a hoax.
The stone was found in 1898
on a farm owned by Olof Gilman
in Douglas County. MINI. It bore
an inscription in the ancient
runic alphabet telling Of sup
posed royal Norwegian-Swedish
expedition to Minnesota in 1862.
during which 10 members Of the
party were slain by Indians.
The Kensington stone has
been controversial subject
ever since. 1t has been con-
demned by many runic scholars.
but has been accepted by some
historians and geographers and
has been exhibited at the
Smithsonian Institution in Wash
ington.
DR.. Erik Wahlgren, associate
professor Of Scandinavian and
German at the University of
California at Los Angeles, now
says he has proof that the stone
is a fake. DR.. Wahlgren, who
on a recent field trip visited the
Gilman farm and search Of
Minnesota Historical Society
Archives, said yesterday his
findings are based on these
principal points:
Spelling errors in the inscrip-
ton were directly traceable to
an old encyclopedia found on
the Gilman farm. all materials
including the stone necessary to
the inscription were obtainable
on the Gilman farm. and mex
plicable variations of the text
were printed by newspapers of
the day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28

or virtually the same as In
other recent years. while the
share received by workers for
wages or salaries continued to
increase and reached close to
70 per cent. The income OF
proprietors declined both in
dollars and relatively to other
groups-very largely a reflec-
ton Of the decline in farmers
incomes. Since direct taxes
paid by individuals in 1858
were 1865 billion, or So billion
more than in 1852, the dis
possible personal income rose
from $235 billion in 1852 to
$248 billion in 1858. or Sig per
cent. This rate of increase
was apparently exceeded by
corporate profits. whether be-
fore or after taxes.
The immediate cause of the
contraction. which became
visible after midyear. was an
imbalance between production
and sales that developed
earlier in the year.
The sluggishness of retail
sales in the early months oil
1858, together with excessively
sanguine production schedules.
brought about a condition that
could not longer continue. The
reshaping of the defense pro-
gram also affected inventories,
which here and there became
redundant in relation to the
reduced military production
rates in prospect. BY midyear.
manufacturers in numerous in
dustries were curtailing oper-
ations. so as to bring output
and inventories into better
adjustment with their orders
and sales.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
President Stresses Necessity for Economic Growth

A partial tert of President
EiSenhotUer'S economic message
to Congress tolloiUs::
Our economic goal is an in
creasing national inc o m e.
shared equitably among those
who contribute to its growth,
and realized in dollars Of stable
buying power. To achieve this
goal. the dynamic forces of
our society must be fully re-
leased. Accordingly. Govern
ment programs must be de-
signed to help maintain rea-
sonable stability during periods
of readjustment and to en-
courage long term growth.
A high and sustained rate of
economic growth is necessary
to the welfare. If not to the
survival, Of America and the
free world. The United States
is now engaged, and must be
for some time to come. in an
effort to build security forces
adequate to deter and to strike
back at aggression. These
security building efforts, and
the parallel efforts to raise the
defense potentials and the liv-
ing standards of friendly
peoples in other countries,
are as much dependent on our
industrial production as is the
conduct of war itself. Success
in them will depend in large
part on the amount by which
our national output Is in
creased.
The most important of the
conditions favorable to effec-
tive adjustment is reason
able measure of stability in the
overall level of employment
and incomes. LetdownS in in
dustrial activity were not so
intolerable a bar to economic
progress as long as a large and
expanding agriculture offered
temporary refuge to the I'M
employed. But agriculture to-
day forms a smaller part of
the total economy and, having
become more commercialized.
is also subject to the move
ment of business in general.
AS a result of the catastrophe
depression of the thirties, mi
nor dips in the curve of buSi-
ness. such as an earlier de-
preston passed by without no.
tice. now cause concern in our
shops and homes. Unless the
Government is prepared and
willing to use it's vast powers
to help maintain employment
and purchasing power. even a
minor readjuStment may be
converted into a spiralling con-
traction,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28

readjustment always carry
risks with them. Continued linz
balance could result. In cumu-
lative effects. as one sector Of
the economy reacts upon an
other. Such reactions are partly
psychological in character, but
they are nonetheless real. :.
There are two classes Of
actions that we should take
within the current year to build
q stronger economy.
First, we should take bold
steps to protect and promote
economic Stability-by mod
ernizing unemployment insur-
ance: by broadening the base
and benefits Of old-age and
survivors insurance; by per-
hitting q longer "carry-back"
Of losses for tax purposes; by
granting broad discretionary
authority to the Executive to
alter, within limits and APP
proprite to changing circum-
stances. the terms Of govern
mentally insured loans and
mortgages: by establishing .
secondary home mortgage
market; and by making i'm
provements in the planning Of
public works programs.
At the same time, We should
take action to stimulate the
expansive power Of individual
enterprise-by revising the tax
laws so as to increase incen-
tives and to remove certain
impediments to enterprise, es-
pecially Of small business: by
improving credit facilities for
home building, modernization.
and urban renewal; by
strengthening the highway
system; and by facilitating the
adjustments Of farming to
current conditions Of demand
and technology.
These measures for strength
ening our economy constitute.
taken together. a program Of
Immediately advisable &C
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28

categories-rents. medical care,
and transportation.
The outstanding interna-
tional development of the year
was the achievement of a
broadly balanced pattern Of
trade and payments, at high
and growing levels Of economic
activity. This has been &C
complished in an environment
of general monetary stability
and diminishing controls, both
within and among the nations
of the free world. Some coun-
tries, however. still depend in
part on United States military
expenditures abroad. as well
as on variety of restrictions
on dollar transactions.
Throughout 1853 the Federal
Government was guided by
these broad detectives the
stimulation Of output and en-
ployment. the protection of the
purchasing power of the dollar
against further shrinkage, the
wide distribution of the fruits
of expanding activity. and the
extension of international
trade and investment. >.
1t has been noted earlier
that developments in the
American economy during the
second half of 1853 were due
largely to inventory adjust
ments. A review of the major
fields of expenditure and of
the condition of agriculture
suggests that OUTLAWS in most
areas are likely to be well
maintained in the visible fu-
ture. This justifies some con-
fidence in the view that the
adjustments now in process
will not initiate a cumulative
downward movement of the
economy.
There are additional grounds
for confidence. One of them
is that our financial institu-
tons are fully capable of meet
ing all deserving credit de-
mands, and are in a condition
successfully to withstand any
strains to which they may be
exposed as a result of business
establishments.
Impressive as are the factors
which justify confidence that
the current settling of busi-
ness activity will within rel
atively narrow limits. it should
be recognized that periods Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Judge Likes Men on Juries,
But Women? No Stree!

in the act Of burglarizing the
exchange" Judge Austin said.
THE other was caught holding
the currency exchange owner
captive.
But the IL women on the
jury brought in verdict of in
nocence in about Is minutes
Why? They said it was because
the currency exchange owner
testified that some one brought
him a soft drink and a ham,
burger while he was held cap
tive. The women said they
thought the States attorneys
Office should have found out who
brought the drink and ham
burger.
1--WE tried the same brothers
again on another charge in the
same case. Again an all-female
jury brought in a verdict Of
innocence. They gave the same
reason when I asked them"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28

were included in his budget
message, emphasizing tn a t
there is evidence that the
present structure of the Federal
tax system-irrespective of the
revenue level-contains many
features that are unnecessarily
restricting economic progress.
improvements should be made
without delay. the President
continued. even though it is
not now feasible to cut taxes
In agriculture, for which he
has asked for a new system of
flexible price supports, the Presi-
dent pointed to wheat and cot
ton as having been priced OUT
of important domestic and
foreign markets by high and
rigid price supports"
That situation must be COR
rected, he emphasized.
Price and income fluctuations
are another burden on the
farmer, the report said. and "the
persistence of pockets of rural
poverty in an era Of plenty gives
cause for public concern"
The President also stressed the
need for improved world trade.
Renewing his arguments for
expanded coverage and higher
benefits under the unemploy-
ment compensation and old age
insurance features of the Social
Security law, the President said
that
Unemployment insurance is
a valuable first line of defense
against economic recession"
Payments now average be-
tween $40 and $50 weekly, and
the President urged that the
States raise their maximums so
that the great majority of bene-
ficiaries would receive at least
half Of their regular earnings,
Coverage should be good for 26
weeks everywhere, the President
said. That coverage applies
only partially now. =
Repeating his appeal for more
ow-income housing, the Presi-
dent said that both Federal and
State governments can do much
to expand the financing Of such
projects.
The President added two item,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Reserve Board Sees
Good Production
Year Despite Dip
BY the Associated Press

The Federal Reserve Board
reported today that 1858 ended
with a production dip but there
are favorable factors for bust
ness prospects"
The boards January bulletin
said these factors include tax
reductions, high income. readily
available credit and the adjust
mentS businessmen have al
ready made by cutting down
their stocks of goods on hand.
1853 Set New Record.
Although the last five months
of 1853 saw a steady decline in
production. the Reserve Board
said, the year as a whole broke
by 8 per cent the 1852 postwar
record and exceeded any World
War II. year.
The production figure for the
year as a whole was 1874 per cent
of the 1947-1949 base period.
The 1852 figure was 124.
However, the bulletin said
production in December was 1913
per cent of the base, down two
points from November and down
2 per cent from the years peaks
in May and July.
Non-agricultural employment
in December was one per cent
under the level of the year be-
fore. the board said, and initial
unemployment claims had risen
nearly to the postwar high level
OF December, 1949.
The board attributed the grad
ual production slip that set in
after July. 1858. to two main
factors-reduced buying by bust
nessmen with bullying inventories
on their hands. and a shift dur
ing the year from gradual in
crease to gradual decrease in de-
tense spending.
Average Prices Stable.
About the outlook, the Reserve
Board said:
Average prices have been un-
usually stable for a period of ap-
preciable production declines.
Tax reductions (for individuals
and corporations effective at the
beginning of 1854 are contribute
ing to the maintenance of per-
Sonal and business income. =.
In this situation. the ready avail
ability of credit and the adjust
ment achieved thus far in bust
ness inventory positions are ia
vorable factors for business pros
pects."
The Reserve Board said that
after an active first half of 1858.
December production of durable
and non-durable manufactures
as we'll as minerals was below
the levels of July, 1858. and
December. 1852.
It's summary for special fields
included:
Although steel production for
the whole year reached liz
million tons, 6 million above
the previous record year 1851.
the industry in December and
early January was operating only
at IS per cent of capacity.
Building materials production
held up
Output of major appliances
declined about 80 per cent from
the years high. furniture about
10 per cent November and De-
cember saw curtailed automobile
production, both because of
model changes and swollen
stocks in the hands of dealers
But the year was the automo-
bile induStry's second largest
100000 units compared with
100000 in record 1850.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
U.S.. Aid Has Helped
Foreion Recovery

The broad economic advance
Of the nations Of the free world
during 1858. to which We have
referred previously. is hearten-
ing evidence of the effective
use made of the aid given by
the United States to postwar
reconstruction and develop
ment. Increasingly, foreign
countries are resuming do
nestle policies aimed at main
tanning budgetary balance and
stable prices. United States aid
was intended to help. and has
helped. these countries bridge
the difficulties and reduce the
burdens Of postwar economic
readjustment. =.
The system toward which
we must work is one which
will provide increasing oppor-
tunities for mutually advan-
tageous trade among the free
nations. and which can operate
without the repeated extern
sion Of grants-of-aid from any
nation. There is no single
measure by the United States
or any other nation which
can bring such a system into
heiuO
World trade has been con-
Quoted in years past under the
constant threat Of the cree
ton Of new trade barriers by
all Of the major importing
countries. In the case Of the
United States. as our foreign
trade policy has been debated
from year to year. other ma
tons have come to entertain
doubts concerning its continu-
ity. Although we have in fact
carried out vigorous tariff
reducing programs in recent
years. we have undertaken
these measures in an atmos-
phere Of constant uncertainty.
In discussions Of the rela-
ton of public policy to the
business cycle. this question is
commonly raised: At what
point should or will the Fed
eral Government act in the
interest of checking depres-
sion or imitation? The thought
seems to be that the Govern
ment can stand aloof until
some price index or unem-
ployment figure reaches this
or that magnitude.
This Is not q realistic con-
cept of public policy. 1t over
looks the need for constant
vigilance and preventive ac-
ton. day by day and week by
week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Alaskan City Puts
Chill on Overtime
Auto Parking

FAIRBANKS, Alaska, Jan. 90.
With the mercury at IS below
zero. the city council has taken
up 4 cold weather problem
parking meter chiselinG.
The meters work fine down to
about 40 below. Then they
freeze, often with parking time
left.
Police reported some motorists
were parking two or three days
on a nickel supposed to give
them an hour at the curb.
So the council instructed po-
lice to tag cars parked more than
an hour. even II the frozen
meter has parking time left.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
; U. 5. Contractors Agree
To Build Bases in Spain
BY the Asseeioted Press

The Spanish base construction
program was launched by the
Navy yesterday with the signing
Of letters of intent for three
American contractors.
The Nays chief of civil en-
gineerS, Rear Admiral John r.
Perry. signed the agreements
with the presidents of the three
firms: George F. Ferris of the
Raymond Concrete Pile Co.,
New York City; T. j. Walsh, jr.,
Of the Walsh Construction Co..
Davenport. Iowa, and Herman
Brown of Brown & Root, Inc.
Houston, Tex.
The letter agreements will be
extended into formal contracts
after Congress releases the in
itial portions Of the $50 million
appropriation that has been
voted for the development of
four air bases and one naval
facility in Spain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Unions and Management
To Fight Shipping Lag

Operators of United States
flag steamship lines and officials
of the CLIO and ALL maritime
unions have reached a prece-
dent-establishing agreement to
work jointly in an effort to
solve problems Of the shipping
industry.
A spokesman for the steam
ship lines said yesterday it was
the first time in history that
representatives of the union had
met with steamship officials in
such a campaign.
1--WE discussed ways of stop
ping the decline of the ship
building industry" the spokes-
man said. land cleared the way
for talks about shipping gener-
ally as we'll as wages and working
conditions"
The delegates to the meeting
fixed February 2 for the start
Of renewed talks aimed at -
complete appraisal Of the prob
lens and to work out q Joint
program"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28

to his earlier housing program:
He recommended that the Fed
eral Housing Administration be
permitted to insure mortgages
up to $4,000 instead of $4,000.
and he disclosed that the Gov
eminent is studying measures
to protect householders from
foreclosure and loss of their
homes in case Of an economic
slump.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Farm Prices Decline
Fails to Cut Indexes

The outstanding develop
ment in primary markets dur
ing the year was the decline
in the prices of the major
farm products.
The decline in farm prices
might have been expected to
lead to fall in the cost of
living. This did not happen.
Indeed, the consumer price
index for 1858 averaged a
trif1e above the 1852 level.
The upward push of the index
can be traced largely to three
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-01-28
Bucky Harris ToIks Tonight

LEESBURG. Va. Jan. 2S.-
Bucky Harris. manager of the
Washington baseball team. will
be the speaker at an inter-city
meeting Of the Rotary Clubs Of
Herndon, Falls Church and Lees
burg tonight. The dinner will
be held ut the Goose Greek
Country Club near LeesburS. !.