davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-01-17
The money Men" Are Sitting
Your Moneys Worth
Sylvia Porter

States Bonds. insurance. It
indicates that a savings back
log of massive size is being
created.
And it suggests that when
and as any major part of this
backlog stops sitting" and
starts to move. it could have
an electrifying impact on busi-
ness and the securities markets.
There are few, if any, par
allels for what is happening.
There is little of a "psy-
chology of fear" I've queried
dozens Of f1nanciers: none has
talked in terms of a major
business drop. none reports he
has retreated 100 per cent"
to cash.
But there is a perceptible
psychology Of caution" In
the words of one of the shrewd-
est investors I know: Il own a
substantial amount of good.
high-grade stocks and I'm hold
ing them. The rest of my
money is in cash and United
States Bonds until make up
my mind"
And never. never have Amer
leans held such a vast nest
egg" OF. savings.
In 1858 alone. our net per-
Sonal savings hit nearly SIT
billion. We now own over $63
billion in private life insurance.
have another $50 billion in
savings bonds. SAL billion in
thrift accounts in commercial
banks, $24 billion In mutual
savings banks. $22 billion in
savings and loan associations.
We're saving the largest per-
centage Of our incomes since
l945-when we saved so much,
not because we wanted to. but
because there was so little we
could buy.
It's q restraint on the boom
now, of course. Were any
significant part of this backlog
to be spent quickly. we'd really
be looming.
But it's also a potentially
immense stimulant for our en-
tire economy. Americas So
phisticated investors particu-
larly will move when they see
the signals. They're sitting
and resting only until they
think the time is right again
for running.
1 Syndicate. Incl
Evening star., 1954-01-17

WTHAT are America s money
w men"-our Nations most
sophisticated investors-doing
with their cash right now?
Mostly sitting on it.
Why are they doing this?
They're trying to figure out
what are the next probable
trends In business and the
securities markets, and until
Evening star., 1954-01-17

" o friends ex-s'sody wonss 10 dots you
L Grob the guy ] Get the koets Be sly
Secretly, you've been green-eyed about him
tho as Sally's beau he was mustn't touch
But they've broken up; and now you hear the
''all clear" (you t-h-e-e-n-k). Listen again. Get
the facts from Sally. Is she still torching for
him? Then he's still off, limits, unless you'd
like being the towns meanest moll! You're all
clear, con6dence-wise, when you rout certain
days discomfort with Kotex. For softness un-
limited, Kotex holds its shape.
Evening star., 1954-01-17

they have some
re al convic-
tionS, they're
sitting.
How do they
go about sit
t | n g" o n
money?
They do it by
putting an i'm
pre- S sive per-
centage of their
Evening star., 1954-01-17

For fun At Mordi Grus pahy-
q Sporkle plenty G Go vnsqvired
How to be Dazzling Beauty? Buy passel of
silver or multicolored sparkles. Spray your
tresses with liquid hair met, then dust on
the glitter. You can sparkle your nails, too.
Dust it on before polish dries. And why not be
bright at problem time? To get extra protection,
choose Kotex: Regular, Junior or Super. Try
all 3! There's one just perfect for you.
Evening star., 1954-01-17

Went TO get "eesaain" focs sruiqha?
. Al Sis 9 Sec Ebroion . Rsod "vPX"
Hazy about what happens and whya THAT time? Read Every
Personally booklet filled with easy
facts plus lively illustrations Hints Diet exercise grooming
dos and dons girl should o Send for your free copy today
Address o. Box 3434 Dept 2Ol4, Chicago 54 Illinois,
Evening star., 1954-01-17

tCopyright. Post-Hall Syndicate. Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Chicago Grain

CHICAGO, Sept. z GP1.--Rye bounded
up several cents, setting new seasonal
market firmed on the Board OF Trade
today.
A couple of exceptions to the upward
trend were September soybeans, down a
lew cents on favorable crop growing
weather in the Midwest. and September
corn The latter contract held close to
its previous close.
March. May and July wheat also made
seasonal highs. Rains in part of Canada
over the week end created demand for
weather was needed to check the spread
Wheat near noon was 7s-11a higher,
September, S2;1S7s;r, corn. e lower to
,a,s-ss higher; September. ?57s; rye, sl4-
Bss higher: September. 81 40; soybeans.
314 lower to 3 cents higher; September,
2.33, ana lard. unchanged to II cents
a hundred pounds lower, September.
Buying in wheat and rye again was
passed to very large extent on de-
teriorating prospects for these crops in
portion of the American Northwest.
The Searle Grain Co. of Canada esti-
mated wheat production in the three
prairie provinces. based on conditions as
Of August IS. at only 367 million bushels.
ment, estimate of -4S7 million bushels
which was down from last year The
crop has not improved since august IS.
Great Britain bought few parcels Of
over the Labor Day holiday. an export
house was an active buyer of wheat
futures in early dealings. Norway took
some SOFT wheat. -
for maturing soybeans over the Labor
Day holiday caused the heavy early SELL
ing in September beans.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Aircraiis and SieeIs
Tilt Stocks Forward
In Brisk Trading
By Me Assoeia,ed Pres.

NEW YORK, Sept. THE
stock market was slightly higher
on balance today in the early
afternoon with the aircrafts and
steels well out in front and the
railroads tagging.
Gains extended to between /
and 2 points while losses seldom
got as far as a point.
Trading was brisk,
International telephone opened
late on a block of $4,000
shares up Ia at "a and then
lost some of its gain, and Ameri-
can Gable 81 Radio opened late
on block of $4,000 shares up
11s at 75s and then advanced
little more. Both stocks were
mentioned favorably byea radio
television commentator, Wall
Street brokers said.
Higher with the steels and air.
crafts were most motors, rub
bers, coppers. diStillers and cleo
trical equipments. In the de-
pressed class were the railroads,
oils and chemicals.
The bond market was steady.
Government issues in the over
the-counter market were narrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Steel Output Rate
Climbs, Giving New
Hope 10 Producers
BY the Associated Press

CLEVELAND. Sept. 1.-THE
steel ingot production rate
jumped last week for the first
time in month, Steel magazine
reports.
Noting gains in ordering in
various segments of the steel
market. the Woodworking weekly
said optimism was growing
among steel sellers.
After a Labor Day lull pro-
duction should resume in earnest
next week, Steel said.
In the week ended September
5 the national steel ingot pro-
ductiion rate gained two points
and registered 64.5 per cent of
rated capacity.
Most steel producers felt no
compulsion to operate on Labor
Day, the magazine said, and
some firms are stretching the
Labor Day week end several
extra days, rejecting the rela-
lively slow demand for steel.
A slight increase in demand
was seen by the magazine for
cold-rolled sheets and strip, cleo
,trical sheets and coils and enam-
cling iron sheets.
Other gains were reported for
merchant steel bars and plate.
The weekly's price composite
on finished steel has held steady
at SHIFT a net ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Business Briefs
Construction Outla

Construction OutlayS over the
nation in August totaled a rec
ord $3.6 billion, us $50 from
July and up so from August a
year ago: for 8 months $23.7
billion, up 40 from a year ago
Commerce Department.
Total Telephones in service in
the United States on June 80
was 81 100000, a gain of 967 ZOO
from January l. This is slightly
more than $3.50 of the world IS
telephones in use.-A. T. & T. Co.
Grand Union Co. sales in
weeks ended August % totaled
$16,711, 486,e up $50; for rs
weeks ended August %, $107,-
907,760 up 8.8qo from 1858.
Neisner Brothers, Inc. August
sales totaled $4,932,011, down
$50 from 1858; for 8 months
$38, 7S2,5o2. down 4.79o from
1858.
M. II. Fishman Co. August
sales totaled $1,042, 296, down
1909 from 1858; for 8 months
$7.440,434, down 400 from
1858.
Universal Leaf Tobacco in
year ended June 80 earned
So, SAC, OBS, or $3.46 a share VS..
So, 243,886 or $2.95 in 1858.
Motor Products in year ended
June 80 had a loss of $1,127, 903
VS.. earnings of $3,102,194 or
1852 in 1858.
Giant Portland Cement in
months ended July 81 earned
81 ,047,000 VS.. $4,000 in 1858
period.
Thor Corp. in 6 months ended
June 30 had a loss of $725,311
VS.. earnings of $444 ,288 or $1.29
in 1858 period.
Smith Corona, Inc. in year
ended June 80 earned 1856, 267 or
$1.10 a share VS.. $1,O14,057 OF
$314 in 1858.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Air Travel Remains
Above 1853, Despite
Big August Strike /

Passengers handled by COM
mercial airlines at Washington
National Airport remained above
a year ago in both August and
eight months and set new rec
ords for those periods, despite
long strike on American Air
lines.
AS a result of the strike. Au-
gust passengers totaling 249,451
were we'll below 278,765 in the
previous month. but were ahead
OF 238,536 in August, 1858, air.
port officials announced today.
For the eight months, pas
sengers totaled 2,009,555, COM
pared with 1,Sl1,393 a year
earlier.
In 1912, first full year of air.
port operations. August pas
sengers totaled only 30.T39 and
eight months passengers ag-
gregated 354, 700.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Chicago Livestock

CHICAGO, Sept. 7 R tUsDA>. Sal
able hogs, 5000; butchers moderately
active to Slows. unevenly steady to %
lower than Friday; sows steady to -
higher; most sales choice 190-250 ID.
or sa ebose 30 sUd Sp % for
b., s6.a5; lights around nd 1so-iS5 'n ID.
1S.50-20.50; choice 100000 ID. sows.
lS.50-19;50: lighter weights. 1915
h Isrssr ,o[ Lighter Seishts, - So
steers A generally active eo strong asS to G 80
higher compared last weeks choice or
500 above last Wednesday; heifers
25-50 higher; cows steady to strong;
mostly steady; bulls active: $3.50
ehoie Z. and prime steers; s4.S5-35. 900:
five, loads. at the $500 top; most good
to low choice steers 21.00-24 90: bulk
good to high choice heifers, 19.50-24.OO;
few choice and prime loads, "a. 50-25.0 90;
utility and COWS
good and choice veaiers. 1s.oo-23. 90;
Gull to commercial grades. 10.o0-l 8 90.
Salable sheep. $500; moderately ac-
tive; all classes steady; good to prime
mostly good to choice native spring
lambs. 1S.00-19 90; several small lots
lambs. .20.0O--21 90; Gull to low good
lambs, 1000-17 so; good and CHOICE 90
ID. range lambs, 1900; short double
deck locally fed western clipped lambs
No. , skins 95 ID, 1900; deck and
load, lots good and choice 1925 lb.
choice and prime "a lb yearlings, / so:
Gull to choice slaughter ewes 4 0O-5 40
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
New York Produce

NEW YORK. Sept z Up USDA) -
Butter steady to firm. Receipts e, davsl
540210 Wholesale prices on bulk car
tons tfreSh) --Creamery, 93 score (AA),
59-59h4 cents; 81 score tAl. 5S1.-5S54;
go score CD. 56la-57; 50 score tCl
Cheese steady to firm. Receipts Is
days, Ill, 1913. Wholesale sales. Ameri-
can cheese( whole milk. Chedda,.s fresh
single daisies fresh 36a 80: single
daisies aged 1851; fats fresh 37-3S;
fats aged 1850; processed eheddars 5
lbs, 36k-3S; domestic Swiss twheels)
grade "A" 45-47; grade b" 43-45;
!. wh a2.. ba s sgg prices weak. Receipts
New York spot quotations follow:
midwestern: mixed colors: extras AS
80 lbs 3a-412: extras large (45-4s
1bs) 36l2-3S: extras medium 2S-oa:
standards large $3.50; dirties 23-24;
checks 1924. Whites: extras 1880
lbs. 42-44; extras large t45-4S obs
3S-4el2; extras medium 1920. Browns:
extras $3.50 lbs.l 44-45; extras large
t45-4S lbs.) 4a-43.
Nearby: whites; top quality t4s-5o
Ibs,l 46-47ia: mediums 2s-2sIa, smalls
20-21: peewees 14-15ia.
: Browns: top quality 1880 lbsl. 40
46; mediums 29la-30iz; smalls 24-25;
peewees 1916.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Sales

66kES--
Stock and Add Net
Dividend Rate. 90 High. Low. 1:l5. chg.
Zenith Rad "a X 5 69ss 6st4 69I4+ II
Zonite Zoe 63a 64s 63s- -
Hourly Sales on the Exchange.
1900 am $50 600 IL noon 600 600
100 pm o5o 900 goo um o 900 600
tUnit Of trading 10 shares or sales In
full I'm bankruptcy or receivership or
being reorganized under the Bankruptcy
Act or securities assumed By such COM
panies. Rates Of dividend In the fore
going table. are annual disbursements
based on. the last quarterly or SENT
annual declaration. Unless otherwise
noted. special or extra dividends are not
included . Also extra or extras. B An.
nual rate plus stock dividend. Declared
or paid In 1858 plus stock dividend,
9 Declared or paid so far. this year.
Payable IN stock estimated cash value
on ex-divfdend or redistribution date.
after stock dividend or splitup. ( De-
clared or paid this year. an accumula-
tive issue with dividends IN arrears
p Paid this year dividend omitted. de-
ferred or no action taken. at last diFi-
dend meeting Declared or paid IN
1854 plus STOCK dividend Y Licuidating
dividend cid Called tx dividend. KIDS
'Ex distribution. xr Ex rights. xw Wisnout
warrants. wv With warrants. wd When
distributed. vi When issued.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

gagged in ordnance duties, afioat
and ashore.
He is co-deSigner and CO.
patent holder of the main engine
used in one of the latest sub
marine torpedoeS. Before re-
tirement on Julf 80 he was Navy
representative on the Armed
Services Explosives Safety Board,
Office of the Secretary of De-
sense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

ment has been instituted.
Mr.. Morton, who has fur
niShed music for District Bank
ers Conventions for several years
as well as for many national
trade associations and large COR
porations, said his firm now is
making a special study of the
package" show business, which
enables a company to make one
contract for all entertainment
in a series of sales meetings over
the entire country,
The firm has Washington Of
fees at 1925 Connecticut avenue
NV, in charge of Stan Brown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

was disclosed in connection with
a stockholders meeting at the
National Savings & Trust Co.
today.
Following the meeting it was
announced that Bruce Baird,
president of the National Saw
ings & Trust Co.: Leslie Biff1e,
former secretary of the Senate;
Robert E. Freer, former chair
man of the Federal Trade Com
mission, and Mr.. Carkner had
been elected directors of the
Washington company.
In confirming the selection of
the new board members, Mr..
Schwartzman told The Star that
within three weeks. Mr.. Carkner
would call a press conference
and announce important changes
for the Washington company.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Foreign Exchange

NEW YORK, Sept Z R.--Foreign, ex.
change rates follow, Great Britain In
dollars. others in cents unchanged un-
less otherwise noted:
Canadian dollar in New York open
market 3 rs per cent premium or
LOB. 06H United States cents. UP 1872.
81 s o Off Urea" :so-day i' futures pessnor..
of 10 60-day futures 2.S0a, of 81:
90-day futures 2.S0is, off 1872; Belgium
Cfranc) 2.O0h; France dranc) .2ssa
mark 1885; Holland (guilder) 1888;
Italy (lira) 1874 of q cent; Portugal
tescudo) $50; Sweden (krona) 1884;
Switzerland trancl Gree 23.33la; Dem
mark tkrone) 1880.
Latin America: Argentina (free) 7.24i
Brazil free) 10; Mexico S.02; Vene-
Zuela (bolivar) 30.O3.
Far East: Hong Kong dollar 1880.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

sion in his
firm, j a C k
Morton Pro-
auctions, with
the opening
OF an en-
larged New
York Office at
100 Fifth ave-
nue..
Miss Nina
Little of New
York City has
been named
associate in
charge and q
fo1ax&t I1,zo,k
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

cially in the income tax field.
He is senior partner in the ma
tional accounting firm of Has
kinS & Sells.
Kent R. Mullikan of the
Equitable Life Assurance So
ciety's Washington Office, will
address a dinner meeting of Dis
tfict Chapter, American Society
of Women Accountants. at Hotel
Ambassador tomorrow night. His
subject: Financing Through
Insurance CompanieS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
D. c. Distributor Named

I. Spotoil International Sales
Corp. announced the organiza-
iton Of q new firm. Mid-Atlantic
States Corp, to handle the dis
tribution of Spotoil, an oil adj
ditive for aircraft engines.
Spotoil International, which
has oftices at Washington Ma
tional Airport. reported its adj
titiye has been approved by the
civil Aeronauties Administration,
Mid-Atlantic has offices in the
Hill Building.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

countants As
ISOLATION at a
dinner meet
ing at the
Willard Hotel
Thursday.
His subject:
Relations OF
t h e Account
ing and Legal
PROTEST. on S.
He is expected
to discuss the
boundary be.
tween t h e S e
two prof e S.
SiOnS. e SD e.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
New York Cotton

lures fiuctuated in a narrow range dur
ing the forenoon today The market
rallied at times ON fair volume OF
trade buying and short covering hut
encountered increased hedging on up
turns. Switching from nearby October
TO later months. was active
Noon prices were UNCHANGED to 30
cents a bale lower than the previous
close October 34.35; December, "a SO,
and March, So .04.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

Co. of = Mill
ford. N. H.. in
the District.
Maryland, and
Virginia.
Admiral HerA
ring is a grad
uate of the
Naval Acad-
envy and the
MASSACHUSETTS
Institute of
TIE C h n ology.
Durin 3 O
years of COM
m / S S on e d
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Koontz Sells Interest

From other sources it was
learned that Mr.. Koontz, who
has been the firms president
since 1851. had disposed of his
entire interest in the company
and would be replaced in a re-
organization.
1t also, was reported that Ber-
nard Schwartzman. now vice
president and manager, and his
brother, Samuel, had sold half
of their interest in the company
to Mr.. Carkner.
The company has around $780,
900 shares outstanding. Brokers
said earnings had been unfavor-
able and that about 6 to 8
months ago, the shares sold on
the over-the-counter market for
around so cents a share. They
now are listed at 81 bid and
SIPS offered.
1t is not known how many
shares were purchased by Mr..
Carkner, but it was reported that
they. were acquired for around
81 a share. The company plant
is at 901 Seventeenth street NE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
MetoI Quotations

NEW YORK. Sept Z lsPl---Spot nom
cents a pound. Connecticut valley. Lead
14iz cents a pound, New York. Zinc
IIis cents q pound East St. Lou s.
Tin p2ss cents o pound. New YORK. At
Pitfshurgh scrap steel No. 1 heavy was
auotad at 29.o0-3o.o0.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Odd-Lot DEALINGS

NEW YORK. Sept. : F.--The New
YORK Stock Exchange reported TODAY
these odd lot transactions by principal
dealers on the exchange for September
.: purchases OF l4a.163 shares; sales
OF i41137 shares including 2.011 shares
sold short
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07

in Pepsi Cola
Bottling Co. of
Washington. it
W a S learned
today.
News of Mr..
Carkner,s pur-
chase from
Ledru Koontz.
president of
the Washing
ton firm for
the last three
Y e a RS, a n q
from Bernard
and Samuel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Jack Morton EnIarges
Office in New York

Jack Morton, who has been
specializing in music for busi-
neSsmen for many years, an
nounced today a further eXpan-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Named Sales Engineer

Rear Admiral Lee r. Herring,
retired. of Arlington. Va, has
been named sales manager for
the Hitchiner Manufacturing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Speaker for Accountants

Arthur B. Foye of New York,
president of the American Insti-
tute of Accountants, will address
the Federal Government Ac-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Carkner Buys Block.
OF Pepsi Boiling
Of Washington
BY Donald B. Hodley

James w. Carkner. chairman
of the board and one of the
founders of Pepsi-Cola Co., has
acquired large personal interest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-07
Washington Securities

SALES.
Pot Elec Pwr-lOU az 10, 20 at 1874,
80 at 1874.
Hecht Co-lU at 22Ss.
Pot Elec Pwr-200 at 10,
Riggs Bank-30 at 400
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1954-10-22

gather some props to avoid that
"statuesque" look. Jack-o-,an-
terms, corn stalks, black card
board cats and old brooms, for
example-just in case your callers
don't have their own.
Here's your chance to get action
as well as humor into your snap
shots. The winsome witch who
calls at your door may be per-
Suaded to stir up a bit of magic
broth in giant kettle or ride her
broom after her black cat. The
skeleton rafting his bones at your
door might be pictured soaring
the wits out of the big bad bandit.
These brightly costumed figures
make wonderful color photos, too,
so don't put away your color film
for the winter. You'll find that
with masks and costumes, even
the shy youngsters will be re-
Taxed so you'll get first-rate pic
lures of them.a
John Van Guilder
The coastland times. [volume] (Mnateo [i.e. Manteo], N.C.) 1947-1959, 1954-10-22
SALVO PERSONALS

Mr. and Mrs. w. J. Kicks of
Charlotte visited Mr.. and Mrs. J.
F. Midyette.
Pvt. Burtis B. Hooper station
ed at Fort Eustis, Virginia,
spent Sunday with his wife.
Mr.. and Mrs. Cyrus Gray of
Norfolk visited Mr.. and Mrs. P.
C. Farrow.
Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd w. Hooper
and children spent Sunday at
Frisco.
Ellis Pugh of Manteo visited
his mother, Mrs. Nancy Austin.
Douglas Robinson of Manteo,
visited his grand father, Lafayette
Douglas.
Elizabeth Rigby of Elizabeth
City visited Mr.. and Mrs. P. G..
FarroW.
Shirley Midget of Manteo
visited her grandmother and
aunt Sunday, Mrs. L. Gray and
Melvina Whidbee.
VIM. B. Hooper has returned
to Norfolk after visiting his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. C. A. Hooper.
Raymond Midget was in Man
teo.
Dalton w. ONeal of South
Norfolk visited his wife and chill
dren.
Lesley Midget Of Buxton
visited Earl C. Whidbee, also his
aunt, Mrs. L. Y. Gray Thursday.
Jean Hooper spent Sunday
night at Manteo with her cousin,
Shirley Midget.
Mr.. and Mrs. P. G.. FarroW
wer in Mantoe Saturday
Alpean Hooper visited friends
in Elizabeth City.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leslie M. Hooper
and children have returned to
their home in Manteo after visit
ing his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. G..
A. Hooper.
Mrs. Salina Midget and Mrs.
CASTOR Midget and Gas Jr. of
Manteo recently visited Mrs. L.
Y. Gray and Mrs. William E.