davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-06-02
Thomas L. Stokes
Thomas [. Stokes
WORSHIP p Of |nfornners Ano|yzed
Hero-Stotus Of Former Communists Is Questioned;
Fear OF Conformity Seen Danger to Democracy

You are familiar with that
very beautiful passage from
one Of the Songs of Solo
mon":
For 10! the winter is past,
the rain Is over and gone; the
flowers appear on the earth;
the time of the singing of birds
is come, and the voice of the
turtle is heard in the land"
So it is here with us now.
except
The voice we hear is the
voice Of the informer.
The informer. quite often
one and the same with the
ex-Communist, is a privileged
character among us now, a
character celebrated by some
in our midst, a perverSe sort
of hero whom some delight to
honor. In another era. a more
innocent time, we called such
"tattle-taleS" and deSpised d
them.
But these are hardly inno-
cent times.
For many days now the in
former has been the dramatic
center of dispute between Sem
ator Mccarthy and the ex-
ecutive branch Of Government.
The Senator apparently has a
squad Of them in the Govern
ment, as we'll as outside. So he
is fighting the whole Govern
ment, including the President
of the United States, to pro-
tect the Mccarthy given right
to purloin secret documents
and rifle secret files. to run to
him with tales about their fell
low employees. He wants to
keep them anonymous and at
work for him.
The informer creates the
conformer, the reign Of the in
former leads to the reign of
the conformer. For the in
former breeds fear, and fear
silenceS and suppresseS ideas
that are unusual or original.
Thus We get conformity. The
Evening star., 1954-06-02

Otherwise. they write of that
area as likely to be soon in
the control Of the Communists.
It should be noted that, with
all the talk of partition" Of
1ndo-C China which has been
coming from the French side,
Mr.. Molotov opposes any such
arrangement. He prefers that
all Of Wet Nam be kept intact
and not divided. For he wants
general elections" and is con-
f1dent that in such elections
Wet Nam would fall to the
Communist led Victim in h
groups.
The London viewpoint on
Geneva is one of restrained
hope. The conservative news
papers give Foreign Minister
Eden credit for having moved
the conference along to its
present stage, but they indi.
cate their skepticism as to the
ultimate outcome. It seems
clear that, when Mr.. Molotov
returned to Moscow, he went
to obtain from the Kremlin a
decision on how far he should
go either in stalling a settle
ment or in agreeing to some
formula for settlement. It is
obvious that his original in
StructionS were to feel out the
situation and see how firm the
positions of the various dele
cations were-Something that
it has taken five weeks to de-
velop-and then come up with
a scheme either for early set
tlement or eventual COM
promise!
1t is possible that the French
reorganization of its military
setup in Indo- China has had
a profound effect on the So
viets, for the Moscow news
paper comments indicate con-
siderable irritation with the
French and manifest applause
for the British efforts to at
tain an agreement at Geneva.
The diplomatic game of de-
vious method sometimes sue
ceeds and all is then forgiven
but, when it breaks down, the
recriminations are likely to be
severe. So Mr.. Eden's. fate de-
pends on whether the Soviets
finally come along with a
peace plan for Indo-China
that the West can accept.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1954-06-02

time when many Americans
were ignorant Of Communist
techniques and deviousness,
and were unsuspicious. We are
not ourselves a conspiratorial
people. We are, however, a CO.
operative, neighborly people.
We organize to do good to-
gether, to do what we regard
as worthwhile things, which
perhaps depart occasionally
from the accepted doctrine"
as the President described it.
Originality and the willingness
to experiment have made us
the great free and productive
people that we are, as the
President recognizes. Into
some organizations Com
munists wormed their way.
Many innocent Americans
were thereupon branded and
stigmatized for being in such
organizations. They may have
been naive in a way, but cer-
tainly not guilty of any crime
or conspiracy.
Exploiting this situation
opened up a profession for in
formers, including ex-Commu-
nists who had been connivers
in the front" technique. It
provided a good living. That
was the beginning Of the SOW
ing Of suspicion. of making
every neighbor a possible
enemy" as the President put
it, which was Just fine for the
Communists. as they recog-
nized. For their goal is con-
fusion and the stirring up of
fears and prejudices.
This played. too. right into
the hands Of those who would
stop reform and experimental
ton = the ideas and pro-
grams" Of which President Eli
senhower spoke-by which we
have adapted our society to
modern needs. They called
anything new. anything Of q
dissenting nature. "communis-
tic" or "socialistic" or left
Evening star., 1954-06-02
Ukrainian Delegates
To Discuss Reports

The Ukrainian National AS
sociation. convened in the Stat
Ter Hotel here, today was to
discuss reports Of It's officers on
the past four years.
Senator Dirksen. Republican.
of Illinois, spoke to the 500 dele
gates yesterday, praising them
for carrying forward the "torch
of liberty and freedom for all
people"
The association was founded
February %, 1894, among Amer
leans of Ukrainian descent. The
association now claims more
than 10000 members and some
SIS million In assets. Yester-
Evening star., 1954-06-02

days talks were given in the
Ukrainian tongue for the bene-
fit Of the "old immigrants" and
the newly arrived" the officers
said. Some of the younger
members could not understand
what was said.
President Eisenhower sent his
greetings to the convention. Of
fering his best wishes on the
society's 60th anniversary.
Evening star., 1954-06-02
Dorothy Thompson
Germany Seen Near q Decision
With MlitoryPolcoI Vacuum at Her Back and the Might
Of Soviet at Eastern Border Which Way Will She Turn?

Truman-Acheson and Eisen
hower-Dulles regimes has been
childishly blind to historical,
geographical, political, and
psychological factors. It will
be no conf; to us if events
prove us rigl4C, as they have,
on balance, so far. We would
much prefer to be proved
wrong. Also, we have no po-
litical ambitions, not even any
journalistic ambitions, and we
do not aim to be popular. or
base our opinions on a survey
of the opinions of others.
Konrad Adenauer has tied
the fate of his regime to the
EDO. Now, the patience of his
closest German supporters and
collaborators is running out
and his government, which
won so overwhelming a ma
jority at the polls last Septem-
ber, is threatened. Corre-
spondents are predicting a pos
sible turn-about-face, ending
in a German military alliance
with the Soviets.
This is just another exam
pie Of the operation of the
primitive either-or theory.
There are certainly conceiv-
able alternatives. There is the
possibility that Germany might
preserve a strong armed neu-
trality-which is not at all the
same thing as "neutralism"-
allying herself, in that case,
with the policies Of Sweden
and Switzerland.
But what Is not conceivable
is that any German govern
ment can long maintain itself
in a position of half-sover-
eighty while waiting on the
Evening star., 1954-06-02

whims of the French. who have
neither the political unity to
reach decisions nor the moral
vigor to enforce them If they
did. We are not anti-French.
But we see what we see.
The German people today
respect only two powers: Rus
~sia and America. They may,
and do, hate Russian commu-
nism. But they also may, and
do. respect Russian power.
They neither hate nor respect
the French, though. like most
of us, they adore French cul-
ture.
The situation of being in
the front line of a military
coalition directed against So
Wet power, with a military.
political vacuum at their backs,
cannot be accepted by any ra-
tional German mind. When the
assumptions on which a policy
has been based fail to mate
rialize. any people with q
strong instinct for survival
devise new policies to At the
realities.
America has been devising q
foreign policy for Germany
and Europe of which DR.. Ade-
llauer has been the only con-
vinced European instrument.
This policy was a drastic re-
verSal of 1944-50, which made
everything more difficult. But
If this one fails, then America
must give the Germans a free
hand to make another foreign
policy that may succeed in
maintaining German freedom.
No one can maintain or i'm
prove his situation in q state
of DaralVSiS.
Evening star., 1954-06-02

the world that our beliefs and
democratic processes actually
can function and can leave con-
troll in the hands Of the people
and thereby give them greater
freedom and greater respon-
sibility."
Evening star., 1954-06-02

wing" Many Of our citizens
have been misled by such tags,
accepting them without think
ing or investigating, just as the
innocentS Of an earlier day
were ignorant Of Communist
tactics and slogans.
Even President Eisenhower
called iva creeping social
ism"
Evening star., 1954-10-03

pulled up to the farm in
buggies to attend the dedica-
ton of the present brick
structure. 1t was erected for
1000, Congress again paying
half the cost. The home is
not endowed, but for the most
part derives it's support from
the donations of citizens.
Many prominent persons have
been identified with the home,
including Christian Heurich,
Martin Wiegand, Henry Lans-
burgh, Charles Jacobsen and
William Zimmerman, to name
a few.
Today. it is operated by a
30-man board of directors,
with William H. Grass as
president. There are 13 girls
and nine boys. at the home,
which takes children from S
to high school age, regardless
of creed or nationality. They
attend the nearby churches
and public schools, and
friends in the medical and
dental professions are only a
phone call away.
1--WE teach them that clean
illness is next to GodlineSs,"
says George w. T. Christman,
superintendent for IA years.
He and Mrs. Christman, the
matron, are known affection
ately as MON" and Pop"
The youngsters are up at $50
am, make their own beds and
sweep their rooms. Every
body here is his own boss
(ContinMed on Page III
Evening star., 1954-10-03

ToiIored like O glove
and designed to give
him the uItinote in
foot comfort. Order
these feather mocs
in small, medium or
loree. c complete e
with ploid drowstrine
case.
$3.95
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28

Kefauver Of Tennessee, Ken
nedy Of Massachusetts,, Nc
Clellan Of Arkansas, Magnu-
son of Washington, Mansfield
Of Montana, Monroney of Ok
lahoma, Nicely of West Vir-
ginia. Robertson Of Virginia,
Smathers Of Florida and
Sparkman Of Alabama.
Republicans Barrett Of Wyo-
ming, Beall of Maryland.
Carlson of Kansas. Case of
South Dakota, Dirksen of Hi
noiS, DworShak of Idaho,
Mundt of South Dakota, Pot
ter Of Michigan and Smith of
Maine.
The gubernatorial alumni
are Republicans Stratton of
Illinois, Herter Of Massachu-
sets. Boggs of Delaware.
Lodge of Connecticut, Um-
stead Of North Carolina and
Byrnes of South Carolina. Gov.
Byrnes. incidentally, went from
the House, to the Senate, to
the Supreme Court, to the
White House Gas assistant
president", to the State De-
partment before moving on to
the StatehouSe In Columbia.
Mayors Of two Of the Ma
tons six largest cities are for
mer House members: Thomas
D'Alesandro, Democrat. Of
Baltimore and Norris Poul-
son, Republican, Of Los An
geleS.
OF the 80 men who have held
the presidency, Is were mem
bers of the House. One other,
John Quincy Adams, entered
the House after serving as
President. The first former
House member to serve as
President was James Madison
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28
James X. Polk.

Sparkman. while Pat Sutton is
taking on Senator Estes Ke-
fauver in Tennessee's August S
primary.
The House member who may
run for Governor is Connecti-
cuts Thomas j. Dodd, Hart
ford Democrat, who would OPP
pose Republican incumbent
John Lodge. another former
member Of the House. And in
Massachusetts, a former Rep
reSentative. Foster Furcolo
(now State treaSurer). will be
the Democratic candidate OPP
posing Republican Senator
Leverett Saltonstall.
The value of the House as
a training ground for higher
Office is summed up best. per-
haps, by j. Caleb Boggs, who
went directly to the Delaware
Governors mansion from the
House. Said Gov. Boggs,
Politics is really the art of
successful, honorable compro-
mise and there is no better
place to learn this than with
the 434 other Representatives
who represent every segment
OF a greatly diverse country"
81 Alumni in Senote
Every election year more
and more Senators move up
from the House. There are
81 now:
Democrats Anderson and
Chavez Of New Mexico, Glenn
ents Of Kentucky. Fulbright
Of Arkansas. Gillette of Iowa,
Gore Of Tennessee. Hayden of
Arizona. Hennings Of Missouri,
Hill Of Alabama. Hoey of North
Carolina, Jackson Of Wash
ington, johnson Of Texas,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28
Caracas Edict Is Restotement of Monroe Doctrine

slider the adoption of measures
in accordance with existing
treaties"
This passage merely COM
mits the signatory nations to
consult" whenever Commu-
mist agents gain control of an
American government. Wheth-
er the force of the commit
ment is legal or only moral
is a debatable question of in
ternational law. Most inter-
national lawyers say a resolu-
ton like the Caracas declara-
ton is morally binding; some
say it is legally binding.
The declaration recommends
that governments disclose the
Il d entity. activities and
sources of funds" Of Commu-
mist. agents. 1t also recon-
mendS exchange of informa-
ton among governments &.
regarding international COM
muniSm."
This vague language is of
doubtful legal validity. To
whom will the disclosures and
exchanges be made? Will the
disclosures be used as a politi-
cal instrument. such as the re-
cent charge by the Dominican
Republic that Costa RIGA was
operating q Communist sane
tuary? This charge was mott
waited by the grant Of Costa
Rican sanctuary to political
exiles hostile to the regime of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28
By Henry B. Lee

Czarist Russia was plotting
in 1928 to impose it's despotic
political system on the new
liberal democracies of Latin
America. President James
Monroe, consequently, pro-
claimed the Western Hemi-
sphere of limits to Europe's
"despotic political systems.
Today. 131 years later, this
warning is repeated. This time
1t is specifically directed at the
despotic political system of in
ternational communism. pro-
NOTED by the Cars Soviet
successors.
The recent anti-Communist
declaration Of the 10th Inter-
American Conference at Ca
racas. in effect, reasserted one
OF two major provisions of the
1923 Monroe Doctrine. This
latest twist in the doctrine
provides for the collective APP
plication of flexible measures
against subtle Communist sub
version.
A Consulting Proviso
-. The domination or con-
troll Of the political institu-
tons of any American state by
the international Communist
movement" the declaration
explains. would call for q
consultative meeting to con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28
House Seen Regoining Stature as Troining Ground


Nine present members Of
the House Of Representatives
have announced for the
United States Senate and a
10th member Is a receptive
candidate for Governor. Thus
the House. once the training
ground of Presidents, is begin
ming to regain its stature as
the Nations political seedbed.
The latest to announce his
intention of moving over to
the north side of Capitol Hill
Is Representative Charles r.
Howell, who will be the New
Jersey Democratic candidate
for the Senate to oppose
former Representative Clifford
Case. the Republican candi-
date.
With more than four months
to go before all filing dates are
closed. a few more House
members may decide to trade
the hardship of running every
two years for the luxury of
only having to go before the
people every sixth year.
Others who hope to join the
graduates" already in the
Senate are: Herbert B. War;
burton, Delaware Republican,
who would oppose incumbent
Democrat j. Allen Frear, jr.;
Thomas E. Martin, Republican,
who seeks Democrat Guy Gill
lette's seat in Iowa; Wesley A.
D'Ewart, who will be the Re-
publican candidate against in
cumbent Democrat James E.
Murray in Montana; Norris
Cotton, who must win over two
primary opponents to gain the
coveted New Hampshire Re-
publican nomination to fill the
unexpired term of the late
Charles w. Tobey; Ohio's
George H. Bender, a seven
term veteran, the Republican
choice to unSeat appointed
Senator Thomas A. Burke
from the remaining two years
Of the term Of the late Robert
A. Taft. and Samuel w. Yorty.
the choice of California Demo-
Gratis to oppose appointed Sen
ator Thomas H. Kuchel for
the two years left in the sena-
torial term of Vice President
Nixon.
Democrats vs.. Democrats
There are two Democratic
members trying to unseat fell
low party members in pri-
maries. Laurie Battle is going
into the May 4 primary in Ala
bama against Senator John J.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28

Dominican Dictator Rafael
Trujillo.
The Caracas declaration rep
resents the final step in an
evolutionary move toward
hating external subversion.
The original Monroe Doctrine
was unilateral and thus had
no force other than the armed
might of the United States.
The 1896 Buenos Aires Con-
ference on the Maintenance of
Peace prohibited intervention
and made the doctrine a
multilateral instrument. The
1888 ter-American Confer
ence at Lima fashioned the
procedure of consultation on
such common problems as ex-
ternal aggression. The 1947
Rio pact provided for con-
sultation in case of "aggres-
sion which is not an armed
Embellishments subver-
sion. for example. The 1948
charter of the Organization Of
American States Sharpened
the consultative machinery.
One Flaw
There remained one flaw in
the evolving, collective secu-
rity system against subver-
sion in the Americas. What II
Communist agents gained con-
troll Of an American republic?
Several Latin republics con-
sidered communism a domestic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28
Franklin Pierce.

and the last was William Nc
Kinley. Not since 1901 has q
former House member sat In
the White House, yet during
the first 80 years under the
present Constitution more than
half. IS out Of Is. Of our Presi-
dents were House graduates"
The Glory Days
Back in the 23d Congress,
from 1888 to 1885, there were
three future Presidents in the
House: James K. Polk, Mil
lard Fillmore and Franklin
Pierce.
A few years later, in 1S47,
two men sat on opposite sides
of the aisle who were destined
to become Presidents: Abra-
ham Lincoln and Andrew
johnson.
The famed seth, War Con-
gress of 1865. saw two men
sitting together in the Ohio
delegation who were later to
serve as Presidents: Ruther-
ford B. Hayes and James A.
Garfield.
But even during the glory
days Of the House Of Repre-
Sentatives as the birthday
place of political greatness,
one man could never rise
above the Speakers chair.
Henry Clay made effort after
effort to leave the House for
the presidency. In fact. the
House held such promise Of
advancement In those days
that Clay gave up his Senate
seat to seek and win election
to the House.
Recently, however. no one
in the Senate has come to
think 50 much Of the House
as to 60 to that extreme.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28

question and thought the
Dulles corollary might violate
the doctrine of non-interven-
ton.
Mexico raised the question
whether the resolution might
lead to intervention in some
country practicing a domestic
brand of communism like
Yugoslavia. Mexico practiced
communism early in it's revo-
luton, the first nation to sub
scribe to the Marxist political
system.
This led to the important
step of defining the aggressive
force Of international COM
munism and distinguishing it
from the sovereign right of .
nation to choose its own po-
litical system. To dispel Mex
lean fears. Dulles added this
amendment:
This declaration is de-
signed to protect and not to
impair the inalienable right OF
each American state freely to
choose its own form Of gov
eminent and economic sys-
tenn
Thus Mr.. Dulles skillfully
Steered his measure through
the Caracas Conference. It
was approved, It'll, Guatemala
against it and Mexico and
Argentina abstaining. He
thereby gained continental
solidarity against Communist
Subversion something the
United States was unable to do
against Nazi subversion in
World War II.
The success Of the declara-
ton. of course, will depend
upon its effective implementa-
ton.
GuotemoIo as ExompIs
Assume. for instance,
that international Communist
agents gain effective control
OF the government OF Guate-
mala. now under heavy Com
muniSt preSSures. Acting under
authority contained In the
Caracas declaration. Article
40 OF the GAS charter and
Article 6 Of the Rio pact, the
United States could request
the GAS Council to convene a
consultative meeting of for
eign ministers. If a majority
of the Council approved, the
nations signing the declaration
would be obligated to consult.
This meeting would deter
mine what, if any. sanctions
it would prescribe. These
sanctions authorized in the
Rio pact, could provide for
the recall Of diplomatic chiefs,
breaking diplomatic relations.
interruption of economic rela-
lions and communications, or
finally the use of armed force.
If these sanctions were voted,
a Communist government
would probably crumble be-
fore one or more were pro-
gressively and effectively i'm
plemented. The use of armed
force. the last step. would prob
ably be unnecessary.
The historical significance of
the Dulles corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine will be deter
mined In time. Right now 1t
appears to be the first success
full augmentation of the ad-
miniStration's new look" at
foreign policy.
THE essence of the new
policy" Senator William F.
Knowland recently said in the
new looks defense, lis to de-
velop a wider range of effec-
tive notwithstanding, poll.
teal and psychological as well
as military-and thus be en-
abled to combat communism
more effectively"
At Caracas Mr.. Dulles ably
gained collective support for
implementins this policy In the
Americas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-28
Democrats vs.. Democrats

There are two Democratic
members trying to unseat fell
low party members in pri-
maries. Laurie Battle is going
into the May 4 primary in Ala
bama against Senator John J.
, 1954-09-11
Director Of Police
Churles Dismissed by
Governor; Eff. Oct Ist

Director of Police for ST.
Thomas, Earl Charles, was dis
missed by Governor Alexan-
der effective October |, 1854.
Director Charles is now on
the mainland and is said to
be due back on September u.
The Director has been UNI
der fire for some time now,
dating back to the previous
administration.
, 1954-09-11
Welfure Officials
Attend Conference
at Buffalo. New York

Welfare officials, headed by
Roy w. Bornn, Commissioners
Of Social Welfare, attended
the 1854 Northeastern Region
al Conference of the Ameri-
can Public Welfare Associa
ton at Buffalo, New York.
Those who accompanied Mr..
Bornn were Miss Beryl Bryan,
Supervisor of Public Assist
ance for st. Thomas and Mrs.
Naomi Moorhead, Child Well
fare Supervisor for st. Croix.
The conference was held
September 5 to 10. Mr.. Bornn
is due back in st. Thomas on
Monday, September ID,
, 1954-09-11

mussen, r. Norman Skeoch,
and Christian Brow. He met
Mrs. Pearl Byrd Larsen, Sup
erintendent of Education at
her office, There he exhibited
keen interest in the kinds of
tests given by the Department
to pupils entering the High
school.
Mrs. Larsen expressed to
the Professor her great salts
faction with the pupils sent to
the Christiansted High School
from the Seventh Day Adven-
fist school of which Mr.. Rus
sell is principal, Prof. Manuel
also mentioned several Vir-
gin Islanders who have attend
ed and are attending his Col
lege. He said those from Mr..
RusselIs school have shown
remarkable ability, and espe-
cially 50 has Lloyd Henry
who graduated from the SDA
School in 1850. Eileen Henry,
Continued on page Al