davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-11-21
Hope

The free world formula for living
with the Soviet Union is patience
and fortitude," /" to use the Churchill
Toynbee description. while enlarging
the area of peace. Restraining i'm
patience such as Senator Knowland
displayed last week is one of the
jobs Western leaders have taken on.
Another is to build 'fortitude" or
strength. That task progressed
famously last week. Britain's 264-4
parliamentary Endorsement Of the
Paris agreements was an encourag-
ing advance. But it was deceptive
because it did not account for a
large bloc of Laborite absentions.
Nevertheless, the vote strength
ened the North Atlantic Community
by approving West Germany's re-
armament and ratifying Britain's
commitment to keep four divisions
and tactical air force on the CONT
nent indefinitely.
In Bonn, the German cabinets
vote came Unexpectedly and was
mainly q tribute to the iron disci-
pline which Chancellor Adenauer
exercises over German politics. It
also tended to confirm the optimistic
view that coalition parties really
were opposing the Saar. agreement
mainly for local effect.
With Britain's vote already In
and with the powerful o-Wostern
Evening star., 1954-11-21

him to be quiet, dignified and. il
possible, just a tiny bit contrite. The
Senator rejected the advice. Such
action, he replied, would be tacit
admission he had done wrong.
So when the special session
opened he took the offensive. Two
of his actions particularly irritated
the Senate's conservative element:
His rough questioning" of Senator
Watkins and speech {not de-
livered but inserted in the Congress
sional Record) in which he accused
the six committee members of being
unwilling handmaidens," "involun-
tary agents" and "attorneys-in-fact"
for the Communist Party.
Last week Senator Watkins took
the floor In defense of himself and
his committee. He pointed out that
none of the committeeman had
volunteered for membership; all had
been assigned over protest. But, he
added, all did conscientious job of
a distasteful task that had to be
performed by some six Senators.
Evening star., 1954-11-21
Spain

There were also indications Of
progress last week in the United
States project for establishing naval
bases in Southern Spain-at Cadiz
on the Atlantic and at Cartagena,
on the Mediterranean.
Secretary Of the Navy Charles s.
Thomas visit to Madrid and the
Spanish base areas focused renewed
attention on these projects. Ameri-
can interest in Spain involves two
aspects: Bases for the United States
Navy and revitalizing the Franco
fleet"
The Cadiz area is expected to be-
come the seaward end Of q pipeline
which will carry aviation fuel to
United States airbases inland. Car
tagena probably viii become o re-
fueling base for the United States
Mediterranean feet.
The long, hard task Of moderniz-
ing the Spanish fleet has also begun.
Two lowly American minesweepers
have been brought in as trainers In
the first step, much to the chagrin
Of the Spanish who had hoped they
might be started on destroyers or
larger ships. There has been little
modernization Of the Spanish feet
since the civil war in the '30s. 30
American naval advisers win have
their work cut out for them. One Of
the major tasks win be installing
radar and other modern apparatus
on SPANS feet. which boasts six
cruisers.
Evening star., 1954-11-21

operational planning on using atomic
and thermo-nuclear weapons in our
defense. It Is no longer a question
Of they may possibly be used It
is very definitely they will be used
Ii we are attacked"
The Vests answer to "nibbling,"
then, will be tactical-which means
limited-atom war. In this wide
field, the West believes it. can hold
lead over the Kremlin for a long
time.
Motter Of Timing
Timing of the California Senator's
call for a policy examination was
said to have been prompted by
President Eisenhower's scheduling
of White House conference with
Republican and Democratic congress
sional foreign policy leaders. Mr..
Knowland wanted to get his atti-
tudes on the record before the
meeting took place.
AS it turned out, his pre-confer-
ence statement was the only dis
cordant note. All sides stressed
bipartisanship. No plans were made
for policy reappraisal. Secretary
of State John Foster Dulles saw no
need for one.
It was too early to judge whether
genuine cooperation between the
Republican executive branch and
the De ocratic led legislative
branch had actually been assured.
But it did seem likely that, as the
Democrats had predicted. some of
President Eisenhower worst ene-
mics on foreign policy would be
found within his own party.
Beside Mr.. Knowland,s activities
there were two other areas which
agitated the worlds despair nerve
last week, one along the Red China
coast and the other in Southern
Wet Nam.
Evening star., 1954-11-21
Wet Nam

Southern Wet Nam today is in one
Of those predicaments Secretary OF
State Dean Acheson used to call a
situation of weakness
Since the armistice last summer.
Communist civilians have infiltrated
vast areas of the countryside some
say 85 per cent of it-and the re-
Gently appointed Premier has got
himself almost hopelessly ensnarled
in three or four way fight for con-
troll of what passes for Wet Mans
government:
The United States present aim
is to beef up Southern Wet Nam.
The job will not be easy.
Last week, however. there were
two encouraging Developments. both
attributed to Gen. j. Lawton Collins.
new ambassador in Saigon.
On Thursday one Of Premier Ngo
Dinh Diem's chief rivals, Army Chief
of Staff Nguyen Van Hinh, took OF
reluctantly for Paris. reportedly
with an assist from Gen. Collins.
This departure gave some hope that
Premier Diem can assume control
of the army. With this control. per-
haps he can wean the police away
from allegiance to militaristic lead
ers Of the Binh Xuyen religious sect.
In the other development favor
able to Premier Diem, Gen. Collins
was openly in the picture. He an
nounced that the United States
would train the Wet Namese Army
in tactics tried and proved in Korea,
Greece, Turkey and elsewhere. Gen.
Collins added automatically that
the American mission would work
under French Commander in Chief
Paul Ely.
Two American aims are obvious:
TO turn out q large number Of
trained troops quickly. and 10 break
Evening star., 1954-11-21

Last Monday-N November 15-was
the deadline for filing of briefs in
the Supreme Court school integra-
tion cases which will be argued De-
cember 6. Seven States and the
District of Columbia got in under
the wire, as did the National Asso-
citation for the Advancement of
Colored People.
AS might have been expected, the
position of the States was that
gradualism of one sort or another
must be written into any workable
decree. And equally predictable was
the NAACP contention that segre-
gated school systems have had more
than enough time already In which
to make the changeover.
AS for the District, which de-
segregated its system at the open
ing of the current school year, Cor
poration Counsel Vernon E. West
said the issue had become moot and
that no decree is necessary. Full
integration will be in effect by Sep
tember /, 1855, he said. NAACP
spokesmen disagreed.
State Views
A tip off to arguments that will
be advanced December 6 could be
found in the State briefs. Signif1-
cant excerpts:
Virginia: Education now follows
one pattern in the State; plan for
local variation must be devised.
Time is needed for the preparation
of such a plan; without such plan
Virginia's schools may be closed"
North Carolina: From all infor-
nation available, an attempt to
compel the intermixture of races in
the public schools of North Carolina
would result in such violent opposi-
ton as to endanger the continued
existence of its schools"
South Carolina: "The courts can
not compel the enactment of legis-
lation or adoption of administrative
regulations; they cannot compel the
levying. of taxes or the making of
appropriations. They may annul, but
they cannot create: they may pro-
hibit but they cannot devise affirma-
tive solutions and command their
adoption"
Texas: "A lgradualized, localized
Evening star., 1954-11-21
National Affairs Review
McCorthy's Hurt Elbow Leaves
Censure Bottle in Suspension

Scorekeepers in the Senate gall
leries counted one point for Senator
Mccarthy last week, one point for
his opposition and were arguing
how to score a third.
Here were the important actions
Of the second week of the Mccarthy
censure debate:
. Senator Francis Case, Republi-
can, of South Dakota deserted the
Watkins committee side and lined
UP almost completely with the Wis
consin Red hunter. Score one TOR
Mccarthy.
o Senator Arthur v. Watkins,
chairman of the censure committee,
recommended that an additional
censure count be inserted in the
indictment" t"-and his colleague,
Wallace F. Bennett, Republican, of
Utah, offered to submit the new
charge. Score one against Mccarthy.
. Senator Mccarthy went to the
hospital with an Inflammation of
his right elbow, and the Senate was
forced to suspend censure debate
for 10 days. Score one for-if any,
body-an operenthusidstic Mil,Ddu-
kee hGndShGker.
Evening star., 1954-11-21
The Debate

Not a great deal was said about
the merits of the censure case that
had not been said during the pre-
vious week.
Highlights were speeches on the
legal questions by Sam Erwin, Dem
ocrat, of North Carolina, who en-
1ivened the session with witty
speech on behalf Of the committee
(see box below and by Senator
Welker, who heightened the session
with a two-day defense of the Sen
ator.
The opposing points Of view
boiled down to this:
There is no precedent to the
pending censure move, and it would
be bad and unfortunate law to start
such a precedent now. True, there
is no precedent, but to overlook this
first case of extended and aggra-
waited contempt would be to damage
the United States Senate.
Evening star., 1954-11-21
Senator Sam Erwin and His 7urheeI Friends

Down North Carolina way folks
knew Judge Sam Erwin as a man
Of both keen intellect and keen
wit. His reputation, however, did
not follow him to Washington
where, as one of the most junior
of Democratic Senators, he was
hardly noticed in the crowd. Most
people looked on him as a pleasant
nonentity when he was named as
one of six men to study the ques-
ton of censuring Senator Joe Nc
Carthy.
But Sam Ervin'S wit and wisdom
came to the fore last Monday, when
he engaged in debate with such
experienced pro-McC CarthyiteS as
Senators Herman Welker of Idaho
and William Jenner of Indiana.
His wisdom, it turned out, was
that of an exceedingly competent
lawyer. His wit was more home-
spun in character, and references
to his old friends in North Caro-
lima reminded some listeners of
Bob Burns, the bazooka virtuoso
back in the heyday Of radio.
Samples of. the Erwin humor,
taken from the Congressional
Record nf November Is. follow.
On the taking OF remarks out OF
conteTt.'
now know that the lifting Of
statements out of context is q typ
ical Mccarthy technique. The
writer Of EccleSiates assures us that
there is no new thing under the
sun" The Mccarthy technique Of
lifting statements out Of context
was practiced by preacher In
North Carolina about rs years ago.
At that time the women had 8
Evening star., 1954-11-21

top not come doiDn to take any
thing out of his house."
On the effects Senator Nc
Carthy's antics haze had on the
United States Senate:
Mr.. President. many years ago
there was a custom in the
South Mountains to hold religious
meetings at which the oldest mem
bers of the congregation were
called upon to stand up and pub
licly testify to their religious ex-
periences. On one occasion they
were holding such a meeting in one
of the churches, and old Uncle
Ephraim Swink, South Noun
taineer whose body was all bent
and distorted with arthritis, was
present.
All the older members OF the
congregation except Uncle Ephraim
arose and gave testimony to their
religious experiences. Uncle
Ephraim kept his seat. Thereupon,
the moderator said, Brother
Ephraim, suppose you tell us what
God has done for you"
Uncle Ephraim arose, with his
bent and distorted body, and said,
Brother, He has mighty nigh
ruint me-
On his personal troubles:
What I meant to say was that
I was in the position of man
in North Carolina who qualified as
administrator of his fathers es-
tate. which was involved in many
lawsuits. He said he had 50 much
trouble with them he was almost
sorry the old man died. I am al
most sorry ] ever heard Of Gen.
zwicker or ANYTHING else about
this matter.
Evening star., 1954-11-21

For that service. he said, Senator
Mccarthy attacked the personal
integrity Of all members. The at
tacks, Senator Watkins continued.
took place on the Senate floor and
clearly were In contempt Of the
Senate. Senator Mccarthy there
fore had earned another charge Of
censure, he said.
Then he concluded: IF no one
moves such an amendment and !
shall give Senators plenty Of oppor-
tunity to do so-the man from Utah
who has been called coward will
do it,
Senator Watkins did not need to
make the motion. Senator Ben
nett tthe man from Utah who had
not been called a cowarO said he
would offer the motion at the proper
time.
Senators on both sides pointed
out that Senator McCarthy was sure
to answer that motion with another
attack. which might well be in
contempt, followed by another
charge and another reply and an
other and another and
Evening star., 1954-11-21
School Integrotion
States File Briefs Urging Groduol Change,
But Negro Group Demands Quicker Action

decree will meet with no more than
passive resistance by the public"
Arkansas: Immediate segrega-
tionl would disrupt the financing,
management and control of the
school system for many years"
Maryland: IF left alone to devise
in good faith a timetable for the
desegregation of every school in
Maryland, the local authorities will
be best able to solve the problem
with the fewest possible i'll effects"
Delaware: "A significant percent
age Of the people in parts Of Della
ware are not ready to accept in
tegratioia."
Submission of these briefs brings
to IL the number of States entered
as principals or friends Of the court.
Florido Mixup
In Florida meanwhile, q hint of
the legal tangles that may arise
from integration came in State
Supreme Court ruling that sharply
criticized the May II decision. A
taxpayers suit had been filed ques-
tioning validity of a school bond
issue in Manatee County (the Bra
denton area of the Gulf Coast).
A majority of the State Supreme
Court held the bonds to be valid.
Their opinion labeled the Federal
decision "a great mistake" and pre-
dicted slow changeover in these
words:
ANY reasonable pattern for de-
segregation that may be imposed
will require a long time, and the
record discloses a pressing neces-
sity for improved school facilities"
But Justice John E. Mathews
pointed out the damned-if -you-do,
damned-if-you don't position school
boards in the South may find them
selves in. His minority opinion lab
eled the bonds invalid on the ground
that (O the Florida constitution
forbids integration and (2) the
United States Constitution, as in
terpreted last May. forbids segrega-
ton. Any way you look at it, he
held. some basic law is being vio-
lated:
Therefore. the purpose for which
the money is to be expended is il
legal. The purpose being illegal, it
follows that the bonds are illegal"
Evening star., 1954-11-21

&
habit Of wearing their hair in top
knots. This preacher deplored that
habit.
AS a consequence, he preached
a rip -srorting sermon one Sunday
on the text "Top Not Come Down" !"
At the conclusion Of his sermon
an irate woman, wearing a very
pronounced topknot, told the
preacher that no such text could
be found in the Bible. The preacher
thereupon opened the Scriptures to
the 17th verse Of the Oath chapter
OF Matthew and pointed to the
words:
Let him which Is on the house
Evening star., 1954-11-21

the Wet Namese Army's hold over
Premier Diem.
In Washington, Prime Minister
Mendes France was displeaSed.
French soldiers. he stressed, were
still in charge in Wet Nam.
Even If Premier Diem solidifies his
government lots of work will be left
for the free world in Wet Nam.
Elections are scheduled for July,
1856, and the Communists still are
considered the likely victors. The
southern governments job will be
to care for more than a half million
refugees from communism in the
north. uproot the Communist infil-
traitors and organize convincing
election campaign which must even
penetrate the bamboo curtain that
now shields Communist territory.
Behind that bamboo curtain, it
was reported last week, the Wet
Mini have been feverishly expand
ing their army, in violation of last
summers armistice agreements.
Three new divisions have been or
ganized, two of them armored. The
heavy equipment has come through
Communist China, but is believed to
be from Soviet Union factories.
AS usual, the Communists aren't
taking any chances. The strong
political deck they are stacking so
heavily in their favor in Southern
Wet Nam is not enough. If the elec-
tion should somehow go against
them, or If it never comes off, Ho
Chi Mini and his crowd will be
ready to resume the fight, with a
bigger and better army. OF course,
there are also other arenas of con-
quest-in Laos, Cambodia, Thailand
and Burma.
President Eisenhower and Pre-
mier Mendes-France explored the
Wet Nam situation in their talks
here last week. If any military
countermoves are planned, none has
been disclosed.
One report has 1t that the United
States is prepared to spend another
S100 million, in addition to the $40
million already allocated, on eco
nomic aid to Southern Wet Nam.
That may give the Diem regime
a start in the election campaign,
but not much more.
Evening star., 1954-11-21
Foreign Affoirs Review
Foreign Affohs Review
Atom Age Jitters Spur Debate

AS the world faces the increasing
uncertainties of the atomic age, the
public mind is alternately gripped by
hope and despair. This was the case
last Week--as usual. And the week
ended without any great change
from the situation that had pre-
vailed seven days earlier There was
depending on how one looked at
it-Sound reason for either emotion,
hope or despair.
The pessinistic view was in the
ascendancy In the early part Of the
week. William F. Knowland, Repub-
lican Senate majority leader, in
terrupted the Mccarthy censure de-
bate with a.maverick warning that
American foreign policy is too con-
ciliatory toward the Soviet Union.
Like-minded Republicans took up
the cry. 8,
But later there was swing to OPP
timism, In the United Nations, the
first significant steps toward shar-
ing the benefits Of atomic peace
were taken by the United States and
Great Britain. The Soviet Union
tagged along uncertainty behind.
In London on Thursday, Britain's
Parliament cast a cheering vote,
264-4. in favor of the Paris agree
ments providing for 500,00O-man
West German army to- bolster the
anti-Communist North Atlantic
community.
But the most hopeful moments
came Friday, in Bonn and in WASH
lngton. In the former city, German
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's cabi-
net suddenly approved the Paris
agreements. His coalition govern
ment had looked infirm ever since
three Of the four parties involved
spoke out angrily against the Paris
package. But Fridays vote re-
affirmed Adenauer's strength. Two
OF the three rebel parties voted with
the Chancellor. Five ministers, four
Free Democrats and one Of Herr
Adenauer's own Christian Demo-
Gratis, abstained.
And in Washington French Pre-
mier Pierre Mendes- France prom
ised that his National Assembly
would ratify the Paris agreements
before the end Of the year. He also
agreed informally to reject Russia's
plan for talks which would delay
ratification.
But these happy closing notes
could not dispel the memory of
Monday, when Senator Knowland
told the Senate, that present free
world policies sof .co-existence and
atomic stalen1ate will result IN ulti-
mate Communist victory
Evening star., 1954-11-21
The Elbow

Since the first few days of the
special session, Senator Mccarthy
has had a poor attendance record
at what his enemies hope will be
his own political funeral. Most of
his time has been spent in the
cloakrooms, where he can keep
track of the debate but is removed
from temptation to make sharp re-
joinders to his critics.
Senator McCarthy's friends and
supporters-even his own lawyer
have encouraged him to stay out Of
sight land trouble). His interests
have been fully represented on the
floor by his lawyer, by Senator Her
man Welker, Republican, Of Idaho,
acting as his floor manager, and by
numerous supporters, so the Senate
has not felt shy about talking about
him behind his back.
Last Thursday, however, it was
announced that Senator Mccarthy
would be absent by necessity, not by
choice. During the previous week
end handShaker inadvertently had
banged the Senator's elbow against
q glass-topped table and had dam
aged the tough membrane which
protects the elbow joint. Infection
set in, and last week Senator Nc
Carthy went to Bethesda Naval
Hospital to see doctor. The doc
tor advised him to stay for treat
ment.
Majority Leader William F. Know
land told the Senate it could hardly
debate theSfate of Senator Mccarthy
during his forced absence. The Sem
ate agreed, and on a 76-to-2 vote
decided to- suspend the session until
November 30.
There was a question of how the
delay would effect the censure move.
Since losing side can usually gain
some benefit from a time out, the
Mccarthy forces we're not unhappy.
Members OF his opposition feared
the delay would tempt Mccarthy
supporters to filibuSter past the De-
cember "a special-session deadline.
The Mccarthy side insisted it
would not f1libuster, however.
Evening star., 1954-11-21

forces now at work in Germany and
France, the chances Of effective
Russian sabotage Of the Western
European Union were greatly
diminished.
Soviet Foreign Minister Vyaches-
Law Molotov issued another warning
against WEU yesterday, claiming
ratification would diminish chances
for a general settlement Of world
problems.
Since all-round ratification OF
WEU is already being marked as the
prelude for new attempt at q
high-level conference with the So
Wet Union, last weeks events could
also be looked upon as added reason
for hope that a world nrodus utpendt
will be found.