davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

a fourth: Reconsideration. Because
OF the economic downturn, criticism
Of the help-busineSs theory, Demo-
cratic drives for individual income
tax relief and little ld-fashioned
election-year demagoguery on both
sides, the committee has reconSid-
cred some of its earlier decisions and
has bowed with bit more difference
toward the common man."
Further vociferous cries in both
houses from Democrats and few
Republicans for substantial tax re-
lief for the individual have led some
observers to believe that the bill will
be changed before passage from a
recodification bill into a tax-Slash
measure.
Republican committee members,
however, plan to save reductions in
tax levels for later bills. Whether
they can hold out in the face Of
the cut-now demands is any ones
guess. The rules in the House make
1t quite difficult to change the bill
once it leaves the committee. The
real chance for amendments will
come in the Senate-and key Sem
ators say the attempt will be made.
Meanwhile. Representative Jere
Cooper of Tennessee, top-ranking
Democrat on the committee, says
the pending bill should carry more
tax reductions. He complains that
the Republicans have changed a
long-needed and reasonable reform
and revision program into a tax
cut program for corporations and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

seems specifically unbeatable. there
are weaknesses to it that could make
the whole strategy valueless to the
Reds. and even boomerang. These
primary vulnerabilities are:
First, knowledge Of the Red proc
ess Of mental pressures helps fort
ify q man or woman against them,
and in cases where the individual
has already undergone brainwash-
ing. helps cure him afterward.
Second. knowledge that BRAIN
washing requires widespread confess
sion of crimes that never took place
means that no confession made
within q Communist-controlled en-
vironment can be believed, no mat
ter what the circumstances.
Consequently, there are two ways
by which the rug can be pulled out
from the Red menticide, either by
refusing to admit anything, or by
st-inging out confessions on so many
matters, Of every description. ir-
respective Of how much falsehood
Is contained in each. that they be-
come completely useless to the Reds.
Tho prisoner-he can be q soldier
IN Indo-China or q civilian in Ham
kow or Kiev-can adjust himself to
either Of these tactics. according to
the circumstances in his own case.
and the type OF pressures put on
him.
recently learned Of a discussion
on this subject with Soviet Rus
SLAMS at the time Of the Nuernburg
trials. when they explained a popu-
lar tactic that has developed in their
country when q person is arrested.
He either keeps tight lip on any,
thing discriminating, or, where this
Is impracticable. thinks up every
thing possible to confess. the more
fantastic and unbelievable the bet
ter. Either way he has the best
opportunity to escape the ruthless
Jaws Of the MVD.
Lessons to Be lsorned
Courage to resist enabled many
Americans who were captured In
Korea to Illustrate their inQuisitorS.
and courage Is enabling unrevealed
numbers Of Chinese people to do the
same in their own country.
Out Of the experience Of the
Americans in Communist POW
camps has come information on
what qualities give a nan mental
survival stamina. This. in the long
run. may be the most valuable re-
suit for the free world generally, and
the United States in particular, of
the Korean fighting.
If the Korean war proves to have
been a rehearsal for World War III,
in the way the Spanish Civil War
was for World War II, the Kremlin
will have paved the way for its de-
feat through these facts becoming
known.
That is. If the United States takes
advantage of these lessons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28
By Robert K. Welsh

It Is as inevitable as taxes them
selves that the tax revision bill to
be approved formally by the House
Ways and Means Committee this
week will not only cause epochal
controversy but will also result in
a general cropping to see the fiscal
forest for the technical trees.
The completely of this first gen.
eral overhauling Of the Federal tax
structure in 80 years-now under
way-could stump even the experts.
The mere size of the measure-al-
most 900 pages-might make the
ordinary citizen gasp.
For more than a year taxpayers
have read about the committees
studies. hearings and item by-item
changes. But the public still wants
to know what kind of forest is be-
ing formed by the confusing tangle
of trees. What did the committee
set out to do and what has 1t &C
complished?
It all started out last year as
Republican exercise in the three
RS" of taxation revision, re-
form and, incidentally, reduction.
The existing weller of separate tax
laws needed to be revised and fit
into one general law. At the same
time, reform was needed to elimi-
nate the "inequities" in certain tax
laws which have bothered Republi-
cans for some time. But revising
and reforming led to some changes
in tax revenues-mostly downward,
to the tune of SIS billion year.
No Cut in Rates
Tax rates themselves were to be
left strictly alone. The reductions
were to come from changes in ex-
emptions and deductions. The re-
suits of the G. 0. P. exercise in the
three Rs is a new basic tax bill.
Although hardly a masterpiece of
Republican unanimity, the bill does
reflect the philosophy of the Is Re
publicans on the 25-member COM
mittee and of Eisenhower admins
tration advisers in general.
The reform and reduction action
has been designed frankly to furnish
more sympathetic surroundings fol
business. It is well in line with the
school of thought that the most ef-
fective way to promote production,
create jobs. encourage investment
and assure general prosperity is to
tighten taxes on business and in
dustry. At the same time, however,
the bill would tighten the tax load
on several million individuals and
families.
But In recent days the original
three re- have been obscured By
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

mlttee can point to a still lengthier
roll Of changes that would bring
some degree of tax relief or con-
Venlence to individuals. Critics say
the financial savings would be
smaller and more scattered. and
especially scarce in the lower income
brackets. 1t is estimated that such
savings, including those on stock
olVldend taxes. would be in the
nelghborhood OF $500 million a year.
Other concessions to indivld-
ualS would allow larger deductions
Tor medical expenses. permit parents
10 claim dependency exemptions for
chlidren who earn more than 5000
year. redefine the tax status OF
700 600 widowed. separated divorced
or single heads of families" and
thuS cut their taxes about $50 mil
lion annually; allow deductions up
to 5000 for care of children when a
- widowed or divorced parent must
WORK. classify as a dependent
foster child or child in process OF
adoption, liberaliZe tax treatment Of
employe pension and profit sharing
plans, let lnstallment buyers deduct
per cent of the unpaid balance OF
their purchases. broaden deductions
that farmers can take for eXpendi-
lures for soil and water conserva-
ton, exempt from income taxes the
hrSt $1,000 OF retirement pay, and
revise taxation of income from an
nultieS to save $40 million a year
for 100000 persons.
No Piecemeol Chonees
Under House parliamentary pro-
cedure. the tax revision bill cannot
be amended section by section on
the floor Democrats, as we'll as
some Republicans who favor lifting
personal income tax exemption
levels, intend to move to send the
bill back to committee with inStruc-
lions to include such an amend
ment.
Whatever happens in the closely
divided House, the bill undoubtedly
is due for long hearings in the
Senate Finance Committee and
many days of debate in the Senate.
Meanwhile, it will inevitably be
tangled in disputes over the White
House wish to continue present
levels of corporate income taxes and
several excise levies, which other
wise will be reduced April /.
When the new look" tax code
finally gets out of the House and
Senate, it may have greatly
altered. if not battered, appearance.
But at least 1t should retain many
of the marks Of a momentous face
lifting Of the Federal tax system.
az its authors envisioned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28
Communist World Is Still Keeling From Shock of Stains Death

Communist countries. North
Korea was hit by a bloody purge
of Beria adherentS. The diplomatic
corps was shaken up. with the party
taking over important satellite posts
from adherentS of Beria and serv-
ants of his secret police.
Then came the September plenum
Of the Communist Party Central
Committee. The death of Stain had
given Communist leaders a good
chance to look at the country Sta
Inns long deep-freeze had a telling
effect inside the U. S. S. r.
His concentration on building
vast network of heavy industry left
the consumer situation close to
chaos. Because he was absolute die
tator until his waning days, none
could oppose his program.
But after Stains death the party
was brutally frank. Agriculture was
in a sorry state. Livestock figures
were below those of 1917. Consumer
goods were scarce and shoddy. There
was a shortage Of vegetables and
other good. The partys new pro-
gram" was supposed to Ak all that.
BY inference, it was Stain who was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28
Press Photo,

loo, who coined the word menticide
for this practice Of mind Atrocity
or brainwashing, anything has to
have q name before 1t can be effec-
lively fought. The Communists used
every influence they possess to put
q hushhush both on the subject
and a name for it.
DR.. Leon Freedom, Baltimore
neuro-psychologis who has made
an intensive study Of brainwashing,
has told me that knowledge Of it
can be a vaccination against 1t.
Robert Vogeler has said that after
his release. Qualification of the de-
tails regarding the pattern of BRAIN
washing had distinct, curative eff
fects on him. Many others. includ-
ing returned American prisoners Of
war, have said the same. They be-
lieve knowledge of the brainwashing
strategy in time could have saved
many men. and that such informa-
ton given them afterward helps
clear their mind OF its effects.
While this psychological weapon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28
.Pokiston Aid

RAWALPINDI, Pakistan.-Now
that the United States has decided
to help arm Pakistan, as Prime Min
lister Mohammed Ali formally re-
quested. what shall we get in return?
PakiStan's promise is explicit.
When. last year, Pakistan's COM
mander in chief, Gen. Ayub Khan.
visited the United States. he spoke
with complete frankneSs.
'Pakistan," he said, grows a lot
Of wheat, cotton, jute and first-class
fighting men. 1t does not grow
tanks, guns or airplanes.
Help us build a modern army.
Make US strong and you will find us
honorable friends. We are ready to
resist Communist aggression and
make contribution to Middle East
ern defense. to the full extent of
our means"
Another Turkey
Pakistan is another Turkey and
ESQ far as the West is concerned)
one of the toughest fighting nations
on earth. This opinion is confirmed
by professional American, British
and French observers.
First, as to the quality Of the
soldiers: When 1t comes to delight
in military life, these people make
the Prussians look like pacifists.
Pakistan does not conScript soldiers.
1t does not have to. All 1t needs is
to invite more young men to enlist.
Pakistan generals believe that.
with adequate equipment. they could
increase their present seven divi-
sions with some other formations)
to 80, all on . volunteer basis.
Rawalpindi Is headquarters Of the
Pakistani Army and q great training
center. To four different companies
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

resumed in earnest among the many
nationalities which make up the
Soviet Union.
Once again history had to be re-
written. Beria Square in Tbilisl. his
home capital, became Lenin Square.
Subscribers to the oft-revised large
Soviet Encyclopedia received an in
sert for volume "B" and were told
to tear out pages referring to Beria
as greatest son of the Georgian
people and comrade-in-arms Of
Stain" A Russian general went to
Georgia to take overall control in
that FESTIVE republic. Other republics
underwent severe purgeS of ma
tionalists" Men Beria had pushed
aside reappeared to purge the
burgers.
From the army the party exacted
a pledge. With Defense Minister N.
A. Bulganin. a party marshal, pre-
siding, Marshals G. K. Zhukov, hero
of Berlin; Semyon Budyenny. the
old warhorse. and others pledged
allegiance to the aims Of the Com
munist Party.
The purging extended to satellites
and to Communist Parties in key
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

world. on the basis that what could
bs done to . dog could DO done to
Q man.
However. man has reasoning
power, and this is the Achilles heel
Of the whole strategy. Brainwash-
Ing, as Joseph z. Kornfeder. Amer
lean. Moscow trained ex-Communist
leader told me. is the most impor-
tant and also the most sensitive
nerve Of the Communist world move
ment. This strategy Is so repulsive
to normal, decent people that
knowledge Of 1t would automatically
arouse an immeasurably greater
antagonism to the Reds than any
temporary benefits they would OBJ
tain. That's why the Communists
tried to keep it from the public.
There was another reason, too.
why the Reds considered it of deci-
sive Importance to keep brainwash-
ing secret, and that was because in
the realm of the mind, knowledge
is power. AS has been stated by the
psychiatriSt, DR.. Joost A. NJ. Nicer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

Victims from dying, while bringing
them down to the edge Of death in
order 70 break their will and make
. mush Of their mental faculties.
Ivan Pavlov's experiments with
dogs and rats, referred to at the
United Nations by DR.. Charles w.
Mayo. taught that Q desired reflex
action could be worked out on any
animal for any possible stimulus.
This meant that any action, from
the ringing Of a bell to the flashing
Of an electric light, from scratching
the animals skin to scratching ones
own ear, could cause it's saliva
glands. for instance, to work. and
that nothing the beast could do
could prevent this.
On finding this out from Pavlov
shortly after the Bolsheviks cap
tured the Russian revolution, Lenin
put Pavlov to work on determining
whether this was also true for hui
man beings. Lenin made this his
secret weapon for the conquest of
his own people and ultimately the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

of recruits there the colonel in COM
mand put the following questions:
How many of you have had
fathers in the armed services?"
About IS per cent stood up!
How many have fathers still in
service?"
Between 80 and so per cent re-
sponded. For here is a government
that enlists men sometimes for as
long as 30 years-and finds them
useful to the end of that period.
The rockies we're not only we'll
built (the equal of Americans, in
stature and strength but enthusi-
astic. Why should they not be? They
we're eating extremely we'll and had
good lodgings. excellent equipment
and bedding.
And they were entering the most
honorable Of professions, a priceless
tradition that has descended from
father to son for generations. In
many villages of the Northwest
Frontier Province and the PNliab
the prettiest girls scorn young men
who are not in uniform.
Pakistan's top-ranking generals
paint picture Of incredible military
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

at least a little wrong. who bore at
least some Of the blame The infer
ence was not lost upon the Soviet
public.
Stains picture still gazes down
on many Soviet scene and his
statues still dominate many a Soviet
square. But today Stain, the most
powerful dictator the world ever
knew, is a waXen mummy on dis
play in a gloomy mausoleum in
Moscow's Red Square.
The glory that was Stain in life
was dimmed in death. He became
just another Bolshevik leader. The
new campaign of the party against
the cult of personality" forbade
glorif1cation Of him such as he had
in his lifetime.
Under Malenkov. now a sort Of
chairman Of the board for the Com
munist world StaliniSm remained.
But only the Communist Party could
be glorifled. A year after Stain. the
collective seemed intrenched. But
the recurrence of purges throughout
the country spelled uneasiness.
ASSOCIATED Press)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

professions, civilian and military.
who were put under brainwaShing
than any other human being. My
answer to that question. based on
what these people have told me
about their own experience. is:
Courage can help man stave or
q brainwaShing. but courage cannot
equip an isolated individual to resist
highly trained tnqutsitorS tndef-
nitelv.
There Is no doubt, from all the
evidence I have been able to amaSS
ever since first heard of the word
brainwaShing flve years ago from q
Chinese victim, that every man has
a cracking point. That point differs
for each person. But no human
being can withstand the concen-
trated efforts Of inquiSitorS any more
than could Cardinal Mindszenty,
with his keen, alert mind.
Courage, plus a knowledge Of tDhGt
Ne Utcttm = Hp against. can, how
ever, make It % difficult and costly
and require such expert handling
that IN most cases brAinwAshing
won't b worth the trouble.
Courage can also enable any man
10 prevent II II he can end his own
Hfs before he reaches the breaking
point.
How Mony SuieidSsf
The number Of persons. not only
IA POW camps In North Korea and
Manchuria but In all the Iron
Curtain countries, who have taken
their own lives under brainwashing
can never be known, but the total
must be enormous.
Mai. Gen. william r. Dean tells
how he feared that further pres
Sures would crack him, and tried
to seize q submachine gun for q
suicidal last round. Robert A. Vogeler
tried to jump over q high banister.
Reports from brainwashing camps
and prisons In Europe and Asia re-
veal every precAution taken by Com
nnunist inquiSitorS to prevent their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28
By Edward Hunter

Can courage save O man from
cracking under Q brainwashing?
On the answer to this question
depend traditions that military
services hold sacred, and which
intimately concern the capacity of
the free world to survive against
communism. This is the long range
problem that the Marine court of
inquiry, now sitting in Washington,
is trying to solve in its hearing of
Col. Frank H. Schwable, who con-
fessed to participation in q nom
existent germ warfare.
have interviewed probably more
persons of diverse nationalitieS and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-28

M. Hunter is outhor Of the book. Brain.
washing in Red Chino"
Evening star., 1954-10-30
Lamont Asks Dismissal
OF Contempt Charge
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK. Oct. 3o.-Cor-
liss Lamont and two others have
asked Federal Court to dismiss
as vague and indefinite" a
charge OF contempt by the
United States Senate.
Mr. Lamont, author and phi
losophy lecturer at Columbia
University: Abraham Unger, an
attorney, and Albert Shadwitz.
an electronics engineer. were in
dicted for refusing to answer
certain questions before a Sem
ate investigating committee.
The trio's court motion yes
terday contended the charge
failed to specify the cause" of
the accusations.
The motion also maintained
the indictment is void under the
free-speech provisions of the
first amendment. and under the
fifth amendment of the Consti-
tuition, which protects citizens
from being forced to incriminate
themselves.
Mr. Lamont is free on $4,000
bail. Mr.. Unger free on his per-
sonal bond. and Mr.. Shadowitz
free in $1,000 bail, Their trial
has been set for November IS.
Evening star., 1954-10-30
Wilson Urges Dayton
To Vote Republican
BY the Associated Press

DAYTON. Ohio. Oct. 30.-De-
fense Secretary Wilson followed
President Eisenhower into Ohio
yesterday in a one-two punch
aimed at getting out the Re-
publican vote in a State experts
say could go either way.
Declaring that president Eli
senhower's program reflects the
desires and beliefs of the vast
majority of the American peo-
ple," Mr.. Wilson urged election
of "the right people to continue"
that program.
Mr.. Wilson addressed $25-
a-plate Citizens for Eisenhower
dinner attended by 400 persons,
then talked at a party rally in
the University of Dayton field
house.
Both Gen. Eisenhower and Mr..
Wilson indicated they would like
to see Representative George H.
Bender elected to the Senate to
complete the last two years OF
the late Senator Robert A. Taft's
six-year term. Although the
President mentioned no names
in his talk, he told a newsman,
when asked what he thought of
Mr.. Bender, Il want him in
Washington-quick."
Mr.. Wilson called for the elec-
ton of Mr.. Bender and the re-
election of Republican Repre-
sentative Paul F. Schenck of
Dayton's Sd congressional dis
trict,
Evening star., 1954-10-30
Bodies Of All II Found
In U. ). Plane Wreckaqe
BY the Associated Press

WEISBADEN, Germany. Oct.
30.-The bodies of all 81 VIC
tins of a United States Air Force
CAT plane crash in France were
found in the wreckage today
by an American ground rescue
team, Air Force headquarters
here announced.
Maj. Rufus Hessberg, surgeon
of the United States 18th Air
Rescue Group, led a search team
to the crash scene high in the
mountains north of Nice. The
transport plane had been miss
ing since Sunday.
Maj. Hessberg's team arrived
at the site shortly after the
wreckage was identified by the
pilot of a Navy helicopter.
The wreckage was spotted yes
terday but not definitely identi-
fed until early today when the
helicopter pilot, 1t. F. A. Tucci,
identified the plane by it's serial
number. He was unable to land.
The CAT disappeared on a
flight from Rome to Lvon.
France. Sunday afternoon. It's
Is passengers and six crewmen
were all American Air Force per-
sonnel from a base at Mansion,
England.
Evening star., 1954-10-30
Costello, GreenIease Case
Figure, Found Shot
By the Associated Pres.

ST. LOUIS, Oct. 30.-Joseph
Costello, ex-convict who figured
in the investigation into the
missing Greenlease ransom mon
ey, was found shot and seriously
wounded at his home yesterday.
Police 1t. Thomas Hale SAID
Costello told officers he was
cleaning his .38-caliber revolver
about 4::30 am, tEST, and the
gun accidentally discha,eed
Just before going to the City
Hospital for an emergency oper-
alton Costello. in referring to his
wound. told a newspaperman:
II wish it were 8 inches lower.
l don't care what happens to me
any more"
The tip that lead to the arrest
Of Carl Austin Hall and Mrs.
Bonnie Heady. kidnap-killers OF
little Bobby Greenlease of Kan
sas City. came from a driver for
a cab company then headed by
Costello.