davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
The Facts

It all started on October %,
when the White House announced
that separations under the security
program outlined April q and
instituted May 81 totaled 1856
through September 3d.
This program, which supplanted
the old loyalty program in effect
under the Democrats, broadened
executive agency power to fire un-
suitable personnel. Not all per-
sons affected, by a long shot, were
Reds. They fell into two major
categories:
Q Security risks: Untrustworthy
individuals, persons who lied on
their Form 81, persons with GRIM
inal tendencies, persons guilty of
infamous, dishonest, immoral or
VIGOROUSLY disgraceful conduct"
alcoholics, drug addicts, sexual
perverts, insane persons or those
having been treated for mental or
nervous disorders without sat-
isfactory evidence of cure"
. Loyalty risks: Saboteurs, spies,
traitors, seditionists, conspirators
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

Of the 1900 was as "clean- living
followers of Dean Acheson."
The Democrats, meanwhile, re-
covered from the initial shock of
the G. o. P. assault and started to
make hay out of the Republican
reticence to break down the secur-
lily figures. Their reasoning went
something like this:
If the Republicans had really
uncovered pack of Reds, it
would have been to their political
advantage to say so. They didn't
make any such official claim,
therefore they obviously had
nothing to crow about.
NeeIy's BIost
Senator Nicely of West Virginia,
terming the security risk" an
nouncements of the administra-
ton verbal monstrosity" and a
Linguistic Mother Hubbard" said
on January IS:
Judging from various obServa-
lions =. and comments . . from
Republicans as we'll as Democrats
:. >. all who have given this matter
serious consideration are of the
opinion that more than half the
persons disemployed are as free
from communistic contamination
as the President himself and are as
innocent Of disloyalty to the United
States as any member of the Presi-
dents official family"
On Friday night, former Presi-
dent Truman entered the fray with
q singing rebuke delivered before
the Americans for Democratic
Action at New York. Referring
to the Republicans as self
styled crusaders" the ex-President
charged them with zone of the
greatest hoaxes ever attempted
In American history"
The question that remained off,
cially unanswered this week end
was: Exactly what does the 1900
figure mean? On the basis Of
known information, and lacking a
better definition, the following
might suffice:
Between Moy ond December. 1853.
obout ZOO persons who held certain
Jobs in one Government ceency or on
other stopped holding those porticuIor
jobs under circumstances which moy but
more probably do mott have something TO
do with loyolty; ond in some monner not
specified the foot thot they no longer hold
those jobs is connected with the issuance
lost April Of revised security proerom.
This, of course. would not pack
the political wallop of such state
ment as, I'VE have fired 1900 Tru-
man-appointed Reds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Review Of The Week. Two Down and One to Go at Berlin

ID ESURGENT WEST GERMANY
IN learned to its sorrow (though
not to its surprise) last week that
chances for peaceful unif1cation
with the Communist East are prac-
tically nil. This old lesson had
somehow been forgotten since
1949, when last the Big Four for
eign ministers discussed the issue.
Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov
broke the bad news at the second
weeks sessions of the current Big
Four conference held in East Ber-
lin. Playing on his home ground.
Mr.. Molotov reStated his old terms,
which would at least neutralize,
and at most communize, the re-
united Reich. The United States,
Britain and France turned him
down cold.
There also were rumblingS Of
diSapproval in East Germany.
Workers were said to be shying
away from signing pledges to back
the Molotov plan. One report
said 200 East Germans had been
Jailed for openly advocating free
elections.
So this week end the Big Four'S
score was two down and one to 60.
There was an obvious deadlock on
the first two agenda points: Ad-
uniting Red China into q Big Five
conference on world affairs and
unifying Germany. The one re-
naming item on the agenda was
the overdue peace treaty for
Austria. But after the Red stand
on Germany. there was little hope
that the Soviet Union would
cooperate on Austria.
BY this week end the West had
already had enough and was look
ing for a quick and graceful way
to call the whole thing of.
And this coming week secret
talks were Scneduled 70 peg1n on
a limited Big Five conference
about Asia and on diSarma-
ment. If these can be concluded
and If the expected Austrian dead
lock develops before next Satur-
day, the Big Four will set new
postwar record for quick discord.
The present mark is 20 days from
November IS to December 49,, set
at London in 1947.
AS far as Britain, France and the
United States were concerned, the
only problem was how to fix the
blame firmly on the Kremlin be-
fore the breakup.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Congress

A GAINST A BACKDROP Of
"A concern over economic trends,
the administration addressed it
self last week to the task of con-
vincing the Nation that fears and
forecasts of depression were more
fanciful than real
All hands agreed that the busi-
ness curve was downward for the
moment, at least. But:
. 1t is a transitional retrench-
ment such as always follows an
emergency, President Eisenhower
told his press conference.
. "A rolling readiustment
nothing to be disturbed about"
declared Treasury Secretary Hum
phrey.
. AFTER so long a period of up
Swing-much of it under forced
draft-we need to expect a period
of testing the economy's basic
strength and resiliency," explained
William McChesney Martin, jr.,
Federal Reserve Board chairman.
. Pay envelopes of American
workers are going to be as good
and as full as in 1853" said Labor
Secretary Mitchell
. For 1854, we believe that agri-
cultural prices and incomes will
be maintained fairly close to
1858" declared Agriculture Secre-
tary Benson.
Politically, an early upturn was
important. Not for more than 20
years have the Democrats allowed
voters to forget that Republicans
were in control when the great
depression started.
Now, with congressional cleo
tions only nine months away, they
were asking embarrassing ques-
tions and citing such statistics as
these:
l. Nationwide unemployment Of
"a millions, which, according to
the Federal Bureau of Employment
Security, is expected to rise to 2.e
millions in the next few months.
Qn the District area. $4,000 were
Continued on Page A-29)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

a break during hearings on prices.
senhower said at two recent press
conferences that, like many others,
he seemed to think the situation
had gotten out of hand.
On January q, the President
said (his remarks here are para
phrased in accordance with White
House rules:
He and others had talked and
tried to deriSe a scheme Whereby
those people uhoSe records Shoued,
gaze some eUidence that they 1Uere
not good security risks in GoUern-
ment, should not be there en-
ployed. That UGS all that the dd-
miniStrdtion had eUer tried to say
about this thing. Certainly no one
that he knelO OF had eUer gone a
bit further.
Later in the same conference,
when some one mentioned Gov.
DeWey's remark about "spies and
traitors" the President qualified
his earlier statement:
When he said that any one, he
meant that UdS Uithin this admin
iStration He 1UdS sorry.
Gen. Eisenhower was not asked
to comment on the direct use of
the word "Subversives" by his
counsel, Mr.. Stanley, nor on the
statement of Mr. Summerield,
both of whom are in his admins
tration.
A further warning was issued
last Wednesday when the Presi-
dent said:
This Government should not be
run so as to thro1U extraordinary
guilt By association or any other
1Uay on people that are innocent.
BY last week, the word seemed
to be out among Republicans to
lay off the issue of the 2,200-or
at least to Soft-pedal it. Straws
in the wind included:
Q An entire Lincoln Day speech
program at Washington's Uline
Arena in which the 1900 were not
mentioned once.
. A fire-breathing, anti-Demo-
cratic, anti-Communist address by
Senator Mccarthy at Charleston,
w. Va, Thursday night, in which
he said nothing about the 1900.
. An hour-long speech by the
Wisconsinite Friday at Canton,
Ohio, in which his only mention
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Security Risks

THE ISSUE of the 1900 security
l. risks" gave signs last week of
coming to a head.
To many observers, it was high
time. Since October, when the
White House announced separa-
ton of 1855 persons under the Re-
publican Federal Employe Secu-
rity Program" questions of who,
what and why had been vigorously
booted around the political arena.
This figure was raised to 1900 in
President Eisenhower's state = of
the message. AS is usual in
any political football game, the
scoreboard by this week end was
thoroughly obscured by the dust
that had been stirred up.
At his press conference Wednes-
day, President Eisenhower took
what some judged to be the first
step toward settling the dust. He
said a group of his aides was
studying the question of fuller
explanation of the security sepa-
rations and that as soon as a de-
cision was reached he would pass
the word to the news media. He
did not promise a breakdown of
the 1900 total.
Such a breakdown was exactly
what the media wanted. They were
seeking a complete explanation of
how many people were fired Cor
quit for what reasons.
Meanwhile, all Federal employees
who had left Government service
between May 81 and the present
perhaps a quarter of a million Of
them-nursed their bruised hides
and wondered if anything would be
done to separate the sheep from
the goats-and give the sheep
clean bill of health.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
Briicker

@ ENATOR BRICKER, In press
- ing for an amendment to the
treaty-making provisions Of the
Constitution, is seeking to do three
basic things:
/. Insure that no treaty can
60 contrary to the Constitution.
2. Provide that individual States
or Congress must legislate to i'm
plement portions of a treaty which
touch on internal United States
law.
3. Bring executive agreements
under the control of Congress and
make executive agreements which
affect internal law subject to the
same restrictions as would be put
on treaties.
During the last two weeks of
Senate debate on the Bricker
amendment, both the Bricker
forces and the opposing admins
tration leaders have said they
would not compromise on funda-
mental principles. The only con-
cession to Bricker, the President
said, would be on his first point,
which, the administration claimed,
was only a restatement of existing
law.
Author Yields
Last week Senator Bricker gave
way on much Of his second point.
He modified his amendment to
provide that executive agreements
and treaties could become effec-
tive as internal law only through
legislation by Congress (not the
States) unless the Senate should,
by two-thirds vote, decide legisla-
ton was not necessary.
The President, however, remained
adamant. He said he would not
agree to any modification of the
traditional roles Of the different
branches Of Government in max
ing international agreements. In
other words, he would not accept
Bricker's second two points even
as modified.
While the two wings of the Re-
publican Party argued, the con-
sentative bloc of Democrats backed
another compromise. Senator
George of Georgia, acknowledged
leader of these Democrats, offered
to accept the first Bricker point,
adding merely that an erecutiDe
agreement could become internal
law only on congressional action.
That, Of course, would give Con-
gress greater role in the process,
something the President indicated
he would not accept.
There was still a fourth position
in the Senate Liberal Democrats
led by Estes Kefauver of Tennes-
see, insisted that no constitutional
amendment be approved. It would
be sufficient, they said, to revise
some Of the Senate rules on ratifi-
cation of treaties.
1t was clear as the week pro-
crossed that none of the four Sen
ate factions had enough votes to
carry the day. On Thursday, Ma
jority Leader Knowland decided to
let the pot simmer for another
two weeks in the hope that the
cloudy broth would clear a bit. He
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

this can no longer be considered
serious menace. AS you already
know, about $500 persons who
were security risks already have
been removed"
This passage seemed to link the
idea of communism with about
1900" persons. Removed" as has
been shown. was not strictly &C
curate as a description Of what
happened. since some remained on
the payroll and some quit with
out knowing they were under
inquiry.
. Cor. Thomas E. DeUey of Ne,O
York at Hartford, Conn, December
Is: THE Democrats are also afraid
that the American people will dis
cover what nice feeling It is to
have a Government which is not
infested with spies and traitors. In
less than II months the Depart
ment of Justice has discovered
and dismissed 1856 security risks
planted in the Government of the
United States under Democrat
administrations"
This passage appeared to link
the 1,456 with the words spies
and traitors" discovered and
dismissed" was an inaccurate de-
scription of what happened, Be-
sides. the Department of Justice
did not do the whole job. Outside
the Justice Departments own
staff. only loyalty risks came I'M
der the FBI'S purview. And, by
the White Houses own admission.
five were not appointees of Dem
ocrat administrations.
. Representative George H. Ben
der of Ohio in a press release jan
uary IS: 1--WE have eliminated more
than 1000 Communists and fellow
travellers from important positions
in the Government of the United
States. Every one of these jobs
was obtained under the Demo-
cratic administration"
Four errors showed up in this
paragraph: Cd ELIMINATED" was
wrong, since some remained on
the payroll; GU Communists and
fellow travellers" did not properly
describe the group Mr. Bender was
discussing: 90 important posi-
TONS was inaccurate, in that The
Star found that some separations
were of laborers; az not every
one" was a Democratic appointee.
since five entered service under
the Republicans.
. Postmaster General Arthur
Sumnerfeld at New York, January
81: 1.-THE Government has had
Soul-Searching. Almost 1900 peo-
pie who were security risks are no
longer using up your tax money.
am here to tell you that we are
not hiring any new ones. Some
how I do not feel too amiably in
clined toward people who make
treason a preoccupation."
The link between 1920" and
treason" seemed, in the context
of the address, to be quite direct.
And it was inaccurate to say that
~ H11c
your tax money" since some were
known to be still on Government
payrollS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

in subversive plots, Red Sympa-
thiZerS, advocates of force and vio-
lence for the overthrow of the
Government, members of subver-
sive organizations, willful divulgers
of secrets, persons acting In the
interests Of another government,
persons who cloak themselves in
the fifth amendments guarantee
against standardization, persons
subject to coercion, influence or
pressure" which might cause them
to act contrary to the best in
terests of national security.
Clearly, none of the loyalty risks
would be desirable employees In
Government or almost anywhere
else. Similarly, most of the Sc
curity-risk types listed above would
not be considered good employees
in public or private Offices. But an
alcoholic or a pervert is not nee
essarily a Red-any more than a
Red is necessarily an alcoholic or
pervert.
At any rate, few tears would
have been shed by any one over
the loss by the Government of the
services of either loyalty or secu-
rity risks-if the administration
had shown clearly that all 1856
were In such categories.
The Original Release
The original announcement
seemed, at first glance, to show
just that. The White House said
1853 workers had been dismissed
and 593 had resigned. OF this total,
White House Press Secretary James
c. Hagerty added, five were Eisen-
hover regime appointees and the
rest 1,45D were holdovers from
the Roosevelt Truman days.
But the announcement was neb-
ulous enough to make newsmen
curious. An early striker of pay
dirt was The Star, which more
than month ago revealed glazing
discrepancies between the Civil
Service Commissions compilation
of 1856 separations and the facts
as they could be aScertained. For
instance, it was learned that csc
counted 1872 separations as the
Nays share of the 1856, whereas
Navy personnel officials thought
the proper figure should be 90
eight discharges, IL suspensions.
1t became evident, too, that not
all 1856 were discharged or quit
under fire Some were transferred
to other Government jobs Some
left Government without knowing
or at least without being in
formed-about any derogatory in
formation. A few died. Some were
reduced in force" without refer
ence to security considerations.
Some, certainly, were removed
for cause-and some of these prob
ably left for loyalty reasons. Sena-
tor Mccarthy said over half were
loyalty cases; Republican Repre-
sentative st. George fixed the
figure at 10 per cent. But as of
this week end, the difficulty was
that no one outside the Govern
ment knew exactly how many had
left for what >reasons-and the
Government was not telling.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

it took two separate forms. But
while these forms were separate,
they tended to get the idea across
to the public that the administra-
ton had vigilantly cleaned large
number of Reds out Of Govern
ment.
Some of the statements, obvi-
ouSly, were unfortunate or care
less uses OF words. Others were
outright distortions of fact.
Samples:
. Attorney General Herbert BroaD-
nell at Chicago November 6:
Fourteen hundred fifty-six per-
sons have been elected from Gov
eminent service because they were
found to be security risks. We
are going to have no more Com
munist intiltration in the Govern
ment and we steadily are getting
rid of those who are security risks"
THE White House announce
ment said 1853. not 1856. had been
elected. i.e.. dismissed" The
rest resigned" in the words of
the announcement. Mr.. Brow
nell's was the first linking of the
1,456 and the notion of "Commu-
mist infiltration" in the same train
of thought
0 Special White House Counsel
Bernard M. Stanley at Newark,
N. j., November 6: Fourteen hun
dred fifty-six subversives have
been kicked out of Government
jobs since the President assumed
office"
This was the first direct use of
the figure 1856 with the word
"subversive" in the same sentence.
Kicked out" was a misapplica-
ton Of the word. since not all had
been fired or quit under pressure
. Senator Mccarthy in a radio
TV program November "a: 1.-THE
new administration has now gotten
rid of 1,456, all of whom were Sc
curity risks and practically all of
whom were removed because of
Communist connections and activ-
tiles or perversion."
With some transfers included
in the ass total, the words
gotten rid of" were inaccurate.
There has never been any official
statement, or reliable unofficial
indication, that practically all"
or 80 per cent. as the Senator
said later in the same program
were Reds or pervertS.
. Republican National Finance
Chairman Carlton C. Ketchum in
an undated leaflet issued to party
workers sometime in November:
president Eisenhower and his
team have gotten rid of nearly
$500 Communists, fellow travellers
and their ilk, whom the Truman
ties had left in office"
[Again, gotten rid of was in
correct. The use of land their ilk'
tended to indicate that all those
who were not outright Reds were
of the same STRIPED
. President Eisenhower at press
conference December 2 (direct
quotation authorized) II repeat
my previously expressed conviction
that fear of Communists actively
undermining our Government will
not be an issue in the 1854 cleo
tions. Long before then, this ad-
ministration will have made such
progress in roofing them out under
the security program developed by
Attorney General Brownel that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07

announced there would be no votes
on the key questions in the contro-
versy until after the traditional
politicking by both parties in the
middle of this month.
After last week the original
Bricker three-point proposal was
dead. Whether he could salvage
even his flrst point was question
able.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
The Let-Down

BY the closing days of last
month, the Republicans were Civ
ing signs of shying away from the
political fire they had built. 1t
was clear from what President Ell
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-07
The BuiId-Up

These were the meager facts.
The build-up came between No
vember 6 and January 81.
AS the build-up got under way,
Evening star., 1954-11-30
Mrs. Parker Dies,
Geological EmpIoye

Mrs. Garald g. Parker, 40. a
secretarial employe In the geo.
chemistry and petrology branch
of the Geological Survey, died to-
day at George Washington Hos
pital. A District resident since
1949, she lived at 1902 Tarry-
town road, Chevy Chase, Md.
The former Martha r. Har-
riger, Mrs. Parker was born in
Kelso, Wash, and was educated
at Oregon College of Education
and Central Washington Col
lege Of Education. She was a
substitute teacher in Washington
State and formerly worked for
the Air Corps in Miami. Fla.
where her husband was district
geologist for the Geological Sur
vey. He is now senior geologist
here.
Besides her husband, she is
survived by a daughter, Mrs.
Avonne Green, Seattle; son,
Airman sc Garald, jr.. Green
vile. Miss; her mother, Mrs.
Sarah Harriger Gaestel, Ridg-
way. Pa, and three sisters and
a brother in Oregon and Wash
ington State.
Services will be held at 8 pm.
Thursday at the Chevy Chase
funeral home, 5103 Wisconsin
avenue NV.
Evening star., 1954-11-30
Mai. Gen. Robertson, Retired Army Officer

Services for Mai. Gen. WAL
ter M. Robertson. 66, q. s. A..
retired, California Civil Defense
director since 1850 who died
November % in San Francisco,
will be held at II am. tomor-
row in Fort Myer Chapel. Burial
will be in Arlington Cemetery.
A 1912 West Point graduate,
Gen. Robertson had several
tours of duties in Washington.
He studied at the Army War
College in 1918 and from 1921
to 1924 he undertook inspection
duties for the Military District
Of Washington.
He was an instructor at the
Army War College from 1890
until 1888, when he went to the
Philippines. His last duty mere
was as member of the War
Department General Staff with
Evening star., 1954-11-30
Triple Funeral Services
Planned in Alexandra

Triple funeral services for 1t.
Col. John Samuel Arnold, his
wife and mother-in-law. will be
held at noon Thursday in the
Wheatley Funeral Home in Alex
andria.
Col. Arnold. Sc. former chief
Of police in Alexandria, and his
wife. Mary Ellen. 54, win be
buried in Arlington Cemetery at
| pm. His mother-in-law, Mrs.
Annie E. Nails, 81. will be buried
in Bethel Cemetery at 3 pm.
The World War II officer took
his own life on November 20 in
st. Petersburg, Fla, after killing
his wife and Mrs. Nails.
Evening star., 1954-11-30
Albert Anthony Daz, 81,
Retired GAO EmpIoye

Albert Anthony Daz, 81, a
General Accounting Office en-
ploye for 10 years until he re-
tired two years ago, died Mo-
vember q in Orlando, Fla.
A Washington resident until he
went to Orlando six months ago,
he was a member of the Amer
lean Legion and Disabled Veter-
ans here. He was a native of
Syracuse, N. Y, and a veteran
of World War I.
Survivors include his widow,
Jane, an a daughter and two
brothers in Washington, Mrs.
Don johnson, and Mathew and
Leonard Daz.
Graveside services were held
yesterday at Arlington Cemetery.