davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Silver Spring Man
Dies in Jersey Crash

Ralph e. Dewhirst, jr.. 81, son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Dewhirst
of 9909 Dallas avenue, Silver
Spring, Md, was killed today
when the car in which he was
riding overturned on Route 40
in Medford. N. j., police re-
ported.
Medford Police Chief w. C..
Dendle reported the accident
occurred at the Medford traffic
circle shortly after midnight.
Police identified the driver Of
the car as Charles D. Nix. They
said Mr.. Nix was injured tn the
accident.
Young Dewhirst, a Navy
photographer stationed at the
Philadelphia Marine Corps
Clothing Depot. was a graduate
of Montgomery Blair High School
and Rochester Institute Of Tech
nology. His companion also was
in the Navy, police said.
Young Dewhirst's father is CO.
owner of the American Printing
Co., at 808 H street NV.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Bv tho Associaied Press

HANOI, Indo-China, May IL.
The valiant French Union
defenders of Dien Bien Phu
fought their Communicated as
sailants furiously and without
letup until all their ammuni-
ton was gone.
Then, as one by one their guns
fell silent, they carried out Brig.
Gen. Christian de CastrieS' last
order-"Give up when you can
no longer fight"
This account of the fortress"
last hours on May z was given
to newsmen last night by three
badly wounded survivors of the
epic siege, part of the con-
tingent of II casualties released
by the Wet Mini rebels before
the airlift evacuation was sus-
pended Saturday.
At Hanoi's overcrowded Lanes
san military hospital they said
both Gen. de Castries, their
heroic garrison commander, and
the only woman in the fortress,
Air Force Nurse Genevieve de
Galard Terraube of Paris, both
were captives of the Wet Mimi.
Neither was wounded. they said.
Reds Shell Bunkers.
All three men lay badly
wounded with some 1,40O others
in the battered, shell-torn fort
ress' underground hospital while
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Secretary Wilson Meets
Rhee at Seoul Home
By the Associoted Press

SEOUL, May Defense
Secretary Charles E. Wilson and
several top ranking United
States diplomatic and military
officials conferred briefly today
with South Korean President
Syngman Rhee.
MIR. Wilson is making a three
day visit to do a lot of listen
ing and very little talking" He
had met the South Korean Presi-
dent in 1852 with then President
elect Eisenhower.
Mr.. Wilson was accompanied
to President Rhee's mansion by
Thomas Gates. Undersecretary
of the Navy; Gen. John E. Hull,
u. N. Far East commander; Gen.
Maxwell D. Taylor, United States
9th Army commander; United
States Ambassador Ellis o.
Briggs and Special Ambassador
Arthur H. Dean.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Secret Geneva Talks
EnsnarIed Over Aid
To Forts Wounded
West Protests Failure
To Let Wet Nomese
Leuve With Others
By the Associated Press

GENEVA, May II. - The
Geneva conference went into Sc
cret sessions on Indo-C China to-
day with the Western powers en-
Snarled in a dispute with the
Communists over evacuation Of
the wounded at Dien Bien Phu.
The West maintains that the
Communicated Wet Mimi origi-
nally agreed to the removal Of
all French Union wounded from
the captured garrison, including
Wet Namese. But a broadcast of
the Wet Mimi radio, heard in
Saigon, said the Wet Namese
wounded were not being evacu-
ated.,
Anthony Edene, Britain's For
eign Secretary, was reported
planning to put before today's
meeting a letter he received, as
one of the co-chairmen of the
Indo-China talks, from the Wet
Mimi foreign minister, Pham
Van Dong.
Letter Completely Negative"
Mr.. Dong's letter, described by
a British spokesman as COM
pletely negative" was quoted as
saying the evacuation question
was already being satisfactorily
dealt with" by the field comman-
ders of both sides in Indo- China.
The Western powers and the
three Associated States of Indo-
China-Viet Nam, Cambodia and
Laos-had felt they had a firm
promise from the Communists
that all seriously wounded pris-
oners would be permitted to
leave without regard for ma
tionality.
After week of general debate
on Indo-China the delegates got
down to concrete negotitionS in
secret today.
These sessions were limited to
the chiefs of the nine delegations
participating, plus three advisers
each. They were not to be re-
ported to the press in briefings
such as are held after conference
plenary sessions
MOl0tOv Challenge Seen.
Soviet Foreign Minister v. M.
Molotov indicated in a speech
Friday that he was prepared to
challenge the Western demands
for a military truce. without
political strings attached. He
said a cessation of hostilities
would be impossible without
some political agreements in ad-
vance.
The Western powers were re-
ported determined to take q
tough position on this issue.
United States Undersecretary of
State Walter BedeIl Smith,
French Foreign Minister Georges
Bidault and British Foreign
Secretary Anthony Eden worked
out their plans in private talks
over t1e week end.
Evening star., 1954-05-17

zen because of his race" And
in Buchanan versus Warley,
the court held that a statute
which limited the right of a
property owner to convey his
property to a person of an
other race was, as an unrea-
sonable discrimination, a de-
nial of due process of law.
Although the court has not
assumed to define liberty"
with any great precision, that
terms is not confined to mere
freedom from bodily restraint.
Liberty under law extends to
the full range of conduct
which the individual is free to
pursue. and it cannot be re-
stricted except for a proper
governmental objective.
Segregation in public edu-
cation is not reasonably re-
lated to any proper Govern
mental objective, and thus it
imposes on Negro children of
the District of Columbia a
burden that constitutes an ar
bitrary deprivation of their
liberty in violation of the due
process clause.
Due Process Denial.
In view of our decision that
the Constitution prohibits the
States from maintaining ra-
cial segregated public schools,
it would be unthinkable that
the same Constitution would
impose a lesser duty on the
Federal Government. We hold
that racial segregation in the
public schools of the District
of Columbia is denial of the
due process of law guaranteed
by the Fifth Amendment to
the Constitution.
For the reasons set forth in
Brown versus Board of Educa-
tion, this case will be restored
to the docket for re-argument
on questions four and five
previously propounded by the
court.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Star Want Ad Finds
Help in a Hurry

M. n. R. needed two experienced
carpenters in q hurry. He found
out the best woy to find them wos
through on inexpensive od in Stor
Classified. He hired just the two
men he needed the first doy the
od oppeored.
II you wont to hire, buy, trode
or sell. tell the long established
audience of Stor readers obout it.
You'll get quick action.
The Stor publishes more classified
eds thon the other Washington
newspapers combined because il
produces the best results. Just
phone Sterling 5000 and ask for
On ed toker
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Epoc|la| Ruling
IsUnanimous
In FiveCases
Decision Believed
To Be Nationwide
In Application
By Robert K. Walsh

The Supreme Court today
unanimously outlawed racial
segregation in public schools in
the District, Virginia, South
Carolina, Delaware and Kansas.
The decision read by Chief
Justice Warren was interpreted
as striking down such segre-
gated practices everywhere in
the United States. The opinion
specifically overturned the sep
arate but equal facilities" doc
trine that had stood since an
1896 ruling by the tribunal in
a case relating to racial Segre-
cation on railroads.
Although the decision today
clearly invalidated racial seq
regation in public schools, the
court nevertheless asked attor-
neys on both sides of the five
specific cases, as well as the
Attorney General, to return for
further oral argument next fall
on the question of procedures
that should be followed in put
ting the decision into effect.
DEPRIVED of Rights.
Chief Justice Warren declared
that he and his associates agreed
that segregation of children in
public schools solely on the basis
of race, even though the phys
ical facilities ana other tan
gible' factors may be equal, de-
prives the children of the mi
nority group of equal educational
opportunities" =
He held that the doctrine of
separate but equal" has no place
in the field of. public education.
Therefore" the Chief JUS
tice stated. I'VE hold that the
plaintiffs and others similarly
situated for whom the actions
have been brought are, by reason
of the segregation complained Of,
deprived of the equal protec-
ton of the laws guaranteed by
the Fourteenth Amendment"
! Goes Directly to Issue.
The decision left no doubt that
the court went directly to the
issue of constitutionality of
school segregation itself. Oppo-
nentS of such segregation in the
cases from the District and the
four States had contended that,
even if school facilities were sub
Stantially equal for Negro and
white children. the very fact
that such pupils were forced to
attend separate schools was dis
elimination.
They contended further that
such discrimination was of the
type that violated due process
of law and the right of equal
opportunity in public education.
Chief Justice Warren read a
separate and shorter opinion
against validity of segregation in
the public schools of the Dis
trict. The opinion was the same
- segregation was outlawed -
but the separate opinion was on
the District.
Announcement of the school
segregation opinion came with
Continued on Page AS, Col. ~
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Dulles Renews Effort
To Form United Front
On Southeast Asia
Sees U. N. Intervention
As Needed if West
Is to Push Action
By John M. Hiehtower
Associoied Press Staff Writer

Diplomats reported today that
American efforts to form united
front in Southeast Asia are roll
ing again after weeks of con-
fusion and hesitation during
which little progress was made.
Three lines of action are now
considered probable:
/. French Premier Joseph La
MEL, in talks with United States
Ambassador c. Douglas Dillon at
Paris. is expected to present a
concrete proposition for Ameri-
can Intervention in Indo- China.
Mr.. Dillon is said to have made
clear to Mr.. Laniel that such a
proposition would provide a basis
for further consideration Of
American plans by President Eli
senhower. Secretary of State
Dulles and other leaders here.
2. Some kind of u. N. inter-
vention in the situation has be-
come much more likely than it
was a week ago. There is
thought here of getting the
United Nations to send some
kind Of investigating group to
Indo- China.
Needs Clarification.
Mr.. Dulles has told the French
that one Of the big problems of
American policy for Indo- China
is that the United Nations has
not concerned itself with the
Indo- Chinese crisis and has not
clarified what Mr.. Dulles regards
as the moral issues.
| 3. Plans for military talks
among the United States, Brit
ain, France and other friendly
nations interested in Southeast
Asia are going forward again
after having been sidetracked for
a few days. The Western Big
Three and Australia and New
Zealand, as well as Asian nations
like Thailand and the Philip
pines. together with the Indo-
Chinese states, would be expected
to take some part in these talks.
They probably win be held in
either Washington or London.
Had Suggested Singapore.
British Foreign Minister An
thony Eden originally suggested
that the Western Big Three,
Australia and New Zealand use
existing machinery at Singa-
pore to hold military talks. The
United States objected to any
meeting Of strictly Western ma
tionS on Southeast Asia since it
is seeking a coalition to include
ASianS.
Compromise arrangements were
considered agreed on for a
meeting Of military representa-
tiveS Of 10 or so nations. but
something went wrong and last
Tuesday Mr.. Dulles told a news
conference that there were no
plans for q military conference.
Mr.. Dulles had not been en-
thusiastic about the Eden idea
to begin with. but plans for the
new talks seem to be satisfac-
tory to both him and Mr.. Eden.
The French-American talks
began in Paris Friday shortly
after the Laniel government won
its narrow parliamentary vote Of
frSo,.%;~,,..s -, No.. a roI n
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Corning Informed
OF Courts Decision

District School Supt. Hobart
M. Corning went into conference
with top school officers as soon
as the Supreme Courts school
segregation ruling became known
today.
Neither DR.. Corning nor Board
Of Education President c. Mel
vim Sharpe could be reached for
comment Immediately.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Senate Approves Bill
On Ford's Theuter Work

The House today passed and
sent to the White House legis-
lation requiring the Secretary Of
the Interior to prepare an esti-
mate of the cost of restoring
F'ord's Theater here to the con-
dition it was when President
Lincoln was assassinated. The
resolution had previously been
approved by the Senate.
The House also passed and
sent to the Senate a bill to
amend the charter of the Co
lumbia Institution of the Deaf
and define its cooperate powers.
Evening star., 1954-05-17

Learning the hard way. q IL
year-old boy discovered yester-
day why Detroit builds brakes on
automobiles.
Driving an automobile be-
longing to a friend of his moth
er. he turned of Twenty-fourth
street onto Quincy street NE.
and hit an oncoming car.
Then he jumped q curb,
crossed lawn and crashed into
a porch. Back in the street. he
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Building al Rockville
Slides Into Excavation

A one-story building collapsed
and slid into an excavation in
Rockville, Md. yesterday.
The concrete block structure
was owned by Samuel Chmar.
Montgomery County police re-
ported. It was used as a ware
house for Mel'S grocery.
Police said the building col
lapSed when the ground next to
an excavation gave way about
2:30 am. The 15-foot excavation
on Commerce lane was for the
basemsAlt Of o new drug store.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Diem Bien Phu Evocuees Tell
How Defenders Fought to Last
Wounded Flown Out of Fortress Report
De Custries and Nurse Were Unhurt

the rebels swept over in the final
engulf1ng blows.
His right leg badly shattered
by Wet Mimi fire, Pfc. Marcel
Champougny of the Department
of Disc, said he thought the last
hours of fighting would never
end.
"It seemed like there were
thousands of shells and machine
gun bullets hitting against the
hospital bunker.
"Some of them buried some of
the wounded alive as the Wet
Mimi just fired over everything
they had.
From outside we could hear
the wild screaming of the Wet
Mimi and the answering cries
of the French as everybody
fought viciously. hand to hand.
"At times a soldier would
tumble into the hospital bunker,
badly wounded, and say he was
out of ammunition.
That was the way every de-
fender fought, said Pvt. Cham
pougny-until he no longer had
anything to fight with.
Shooting Dies Out.
'De Castries' last order to the
men in his bunker" Pvt. Cham
pougny continued, twas give up
when you can no longer fight.
(See FORTRESS. Page AID
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Boy, II, Learns Hard Way
Autos Have Brakes

crossed to the other side and
hit a tree. That stopped him.
His mothers friend was with
him and forfeited $25 collateral
for permitting an unlicensed
driver to operate the car. The
boy, charged with colliding and
driving without a permit, was
released in parental custody.
No one was injured in the va
rious collisions. Total damage
was estimated at $700, divided
between the two cars and the
poAbh.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Get q New Slant
On the Doy's News

BEHIND THE ScENES-If you're
tired Of reoding the mere and bore
focts about the cot thot got cousht
in the cistern, or obout whot some
body sold or did, get fresh view on
whot it's oil obout. Try reading
ChorIes Trocewelrs column on Poss
Ala for something different obout
noture, or taking o look at whot
Drcmo Critic Joy Cormody hos TO
soy about the players in the Army
McCorthy hearings on Pose A-lS.
Evening star., 1954-05-17
French Serve
UItindtunl on
Red General
Threaten to Bomb
Hospital Route He
Is Using for Troops
By the Assoeiaied Pres,

HANOI. Indo-C China. May IT.
The French announced today
they would resume bombing of
the Communicated Wet Minis
70-mile hospital corridor" un-
less the rebels agreed to repair
the Diem Bien Phu airstrip so
evacuation of French Union
wounded can be speeded up.
A French high com m n d
broadcast to Communist Gen.
Vo Nguyen Clap gave the rebel
commander until midnight to-
night to accept the ultimatum.
Otherwise, the French said, they
would resume all-out air at
tacks on the rebels streaming
eastward from the fallen fort
ress toward the vital Red River
delta.
Only II of the French cas-
ualties were evacuated from Dien
Bien Phu before the French sus-
pended their airlift by helicopter
and single-engine planes Satur-
day and pressed for repair of the
airStrip.
Little hope was held here Gen.
Clap would agree to the new
French demand. Instead French
sources believed he would speed
up the flow of troops and war
material they say he is sending
over the 70-mile stretch Of high
way to Son La. The French
had stopped bombing the road
so Wet Mimi wounded could be
removed from Dien Bien Phu.
But they charge the wounded
were only a Communist pretext
to get safe passage for their
combat legions which overran
the fortress.
Air Force Set to Attack.
The French air force readied
all it's available fighters and
bombers in North Indo-C China for
new massive assaults on the east
ward moving rebels if the ulti-
matum is refused. The French
high command fears the delta
and Hanoi will be the target of
the next big Wet Mimi assault,
perhaps in June.
The Wet Mimi had agreed to
let 763 seriously wounded"
French Union troops be removed
from Diem Bien Phu. The French
said to handle that number in
helicopters and small planes
would take a month, and they
figured Gen. Clap in that period
could bring all of his battle
tested forces into position for an
attack on the delta.
The highway to Son La is the
main rebel route from Dien Bien
Phu. East of Son La are sew
eral alternate routes to the delta.
The French have kept up their
air attacks on these roads.
Wet Mimi Reject Proposal.
Two French army officers who
few to Dien Bien Phu yester-
day reported that the Wet Mini
refused their proposal that gangs
of soldiers or coolies be put to
work filling in all the trenches
and Shell-holes pocking the
1000 foot runway.
Reliable sources in Saigon
said the French had demanded
they be allowed to set up con-
trolls on the Dien Bien Phu-Son
La highway to prevent move
ment of other than rebel
wounded, but Gen. Clap re-
| fused.
The French had charged
earlier than Gen. Clap had re-
fused to release any Wet Ma
mese wounded along with the
other French Union troops,
though Soviet Foreign Minister
v. M. Molotov had agreed spe-
cifically to this in Geneva.
The French feared the Red
Gao TNnO NuTNA Dora AoN
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Eisenhower Forbids Pentagon
To Tell Of Mccarthy Par|eys
Probe RecesSes
To Consider New
Course Of Action
By Cecil HoIIond

President EISENHOWER To-Day
formally banned disclosure of
high-level discussions and COM
municationS in the Executive
branch on the Mccarthy Army
controversy.
The order threw the investiga-
tion of the controversy into a
Text Of Eisenhower letter and Brownell
opinion. Poee Al
new uproar. The Senate Inves-
tigating Subcommittee abruptly
recessed public hearings at 1853
am. to consider the presidential
directive.
Acting Chairman Mundt, Re-
publican, of South Dakota called
a closed meeting of the Subcom-
mittee to see what action should
be taken. He set the afternoon
public hearing for 3 pm, an
hour later than the usual start
ing time to give investigating
Senators and principals in the
controversy opportunity for full
discussion Of the order.
Senator Mccarthy, Republican
of Wisconsin, said the order Gre
ated "an unusual, almost unpre-
cedented situation" and asSailed
it as drawing an iron curtain"
over vital evidence in the con-
troverSy.
WaIkOut Hinted.
The Wisconsin Republican said
the presidential directive left him
at.a loss as how to proceed with
the investigation. He did not in
dicate what course he would take
If the order stands, but there was
some speculation that he might
walk out Of The hearings.
Senator Mcclellan, Democrat,
of Arkansas said the order would
bar the subcommittee from OBJ
tanning evidence needed Ito de-
termine final responsibility for
an Army report charging Sena-
tor Mccarthy and two of his
aides-Roy M. Cohn and Francis
Carr-with using improper meth
DDS in seeking preferential treat
ment for Pvt. G. David Schine,
former subcommittee unpaid con-
Sultant.
The Eisenhower order, dated
today, was directed primarily at
barring disclosure of what went
on at high-level Justice Depart
ment meeting January 81 at
which the Army-McCarthy dis
pute was considered.
Urged Preparing of Record.
Attorney General Brownell,
Deputy Attorney General William
P. Rogers, Presidential Assistant
Sherman Adams, United Nations
Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge
and John G. Adams, Army coun-
selor, were among those attend
ing the meeting.
It was at this meeting, the
Army counselor testified last
week, that Sherman Adams sug-
gested the preparation of the
Army report, made public Marcit
IL, in the Schine affair.
Gen. EiSenhower'S order was
set out in a letter to Defense
Secretary Wilson and was trans
mitted Immediately to Senators
investigating the controversy.
investigating the controversy. It
was accompanied by a 4,000-
CONTINUED on Page A-8, Col. -
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Text of High Court's S Decision
Affecting District Segregation

Following is the teEt , of the
Supreme Court opinion in the
District school segregation
case, read by Chief Justice
Warren:
This case challenges the
validity of segregation in the
public schools in the District
of Columbia. The petitioners,
minors of the Negro race, al
lege that such segregation de-
prives the moi due process Of
law under the Fifth Amend
ment. They were refused ad-
mission to a public school at
tended by white children SOLE
ly because of their race. They
sought the aid of the District
Court for the District of CO.
lumbia in obtaining permis-
sion. That court dismissed
their complaint"
Writ Was Granted.
We granted a writ of certio-
rari before judgment in the
Court of Appeals because of
the Importance of the consti-
tutional question presented.
We have this day held that
the equal protection clause of
the Fourteenth Amendment
prohibits the States from
maintaining racially segre-
gated public schools. The legal
problem in the District of Co
lumbia is somewhat different,
however. The Fifth Amend
ment, which is applicable in
the District of Columbia, does
not contain an equal protec-
ton clause as does the Four
teenth Amendment which ap-
plies only to the States.
But the concepts of equal
protection and due process,
both stemming from our
American ideal of fairness,
are not mutually exclusive.
The equal protection of the
laws" is a more explicit safe
guard of prohibited unfairness
than due process of law, and.
therefore, we do not imply
that the two are always inter-
changeable phrases. But. as
this court has recognized, dis
elimination may be so unjus-
tifiable as to be violative Of
due process.
1896 Case Cited.
Classifications based solely
upon race must be Scrutinized
with particular care. since
they are contrary to our tradi-
tions and hence constitution
ally suspect. AS long ago as
1896, this court declared the
principle ''that the ConStitu-
ton of the United States, in
its present form, forbids, so
far as civil and political rights
are concerned, discrimination
by the general government, or
by the States against any citi-
Evening star., 1954-05-17
Duke Hos Chicken Pox

ARUNDEL, England, May IT.
R.-The Duke Of Norfolk, who
stagemanaged Queen Elizabeth's
coronation last year, is i'll with
chicken pox. The 45-year-old
Duke is in bed in his castle In
thu p Sussex township.
Evening star., 1954-05-17

An Assocloted Press Newspoper
Evening star., 1954-05-17

(See INDO-CHINA, Page A-3O
Evening star., 1954-05-17

(See FORTRESS, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1954-05-17

(Continued on Page A-3, Col. -