davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-10-08

2. On Guatemala, in two
meetings last June of the
United Nations Security Coun-
Gil, we decisively defeated a
Soviet attempt to perpetuate
Moscow's domination of the
Guatemalan government. Just
then an anti i-Communist lib
Grafton movement was ready
to sweep out the pro-Moscow
regime in Guatemala. The
Soviets maneuvered in the
Security Council in a bold
effort to stop that liberation
movement and to wreck the
Inter-American system for
keeping peace in our hemi-
sphere. They wanted to tor
pedo the Monroe Doctrine.
This Soviet defeat in the
United Nations was a turning
point in the historic liberia
ton of Guatemala from Com
munlSC QOmlnaClOn.
8. On world Communism we
have stepped up our efforts in
the United Nations, with a
world audience listening, to
remind free peoples of the evils
of the Communist system.
From my first day as United
States Representative I have
been determined that the
Communist delegates shall
never take a free propaganda
ride at the expense of the
United Nations. We have re-
butted and silenced the Soviet
representatives in debate
countless times. We have ex-
posed the vicious reality Of
the iron curtain across Europe;
the brutal lie about germ war;
fare in Korea, and the even
more brutal Communist meth
ods of getting confessions;
the Red atrocities against help
less prisoners in Korea; and
the system of slave labor which
oppresses millions in Com
munist countries.
4. On Communist China,
have announced the readiness
of the United States to use the
veto in the Security Council,
if necessary, to keep this out
law regime out of the United
Nations. Since this admins
tration took Office the Com
munist attempt to seat Red
China has been voted down
% times in various United
Nations bodies, and we are
confident that future votes will
go the same way. We have
pointed repeatedly to the
crimes of Red China, its war
in Korea against the United
Nations. its promotion of ag-
gression in Southeast Asia,
and its repeated expressions
Evening star., 1954-10-08

was believed to be the man
perhaps the only one-who
could win.
It's no soft thing into which
he stepped from the quiet life
and easier routine as a lawyer
in Washington. He is in a
tough battle with his Repub-
lican opponent, Representative
William Henry Harrison, Wyo-
ming's lone member of the
House of Representatives in
Washington.
But Joe O'Mahoney is given
the edge today, partly because
he is the familiar Joe O'Ma-
honey, and partly because of
circumstances which he is Pc
culiarly fitted to capitalize, in
cluding the times.
Among the circumstances
Democrats claim a definite
trend to their party has de-
veloped here, and this has con-
firrnation from politically
astute Republicans. That be-
ing so, Joe O'Mahoney's victory
would seem assured If. supple
menting that, he got his usual
support from Republicans. In
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Doyid Lawrence

The evidence Of loose secur-
ity among the governments
allied with the United States
during the Korean war points
now suspiciously to the grave
possibility that American lives
indeed were sacrificed in that
conflict by the transmission of
important military informa-
ton to the enemy.
Gen. Van Fleet, 9th Army
commander, and Gen. Will
loughby, who was in charge of
the intelligence operations of
the Far Eastern command.
and in fact. Gen. Macarthur
himself now say that the Com
muniSt Chinese must have
known that they would not be
bombed or their planes pur-
sued If they attacked United
Nations forces in Korea.
The testimony of Dean
AcheSon, who was Secretary
of State during the fateful pc
riod when American military
strategy was being developed
in consultation with the allies,
did not seem as significant
when given as it is today in
view of the revelations of a
spy ring in Paris and the
treachery of MacLean and
Burgess in the British Foreign
Office disclosed since 1851.
For the story told on June l.
1851, by Mr.. AcheSon-who, OF
course, had no suspicion of any
looseness in the security situa-
ton among our allies-appears
in the light of what has hap
pened since to show how diff
ficult, if not impossible, was
the role of the United States,
as military agent of the United
Nations, in Korea.
Senator Russell, Democrat,
of Georgia, who was chairman
of the Senate Armed Services
Committee at the time of the
Macarthur hearings, asked
Mr.. Acheson about 1.-The de-
tails of the so-called hot pur-
suit finding by the members
of the United States Joint
Chiefs of Staff where they
recommended that our planes
be permitted to pursue the
planes of the Communist ag-
gresSors over the Manchurian
border" Here is what Mr..
Acheson said in reply:
Some days prior to the 18th
of November. 1850, there were
discussions between the De-
partment of Defense and the
Department of State, as the
result of which the Depart
ment of State transmitted to
our embassies in certain coun-
tries a message saying that at
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Dovid LoWrence-
ADeodIy Leak From Our Allies
Loose Security in w. N. Countries Moy Have Made
Possible Tip Thot Cost l4O 900 IT, S. Casualties

an early date we might permit
United States aircraft to de-
fend themselves in the airspace
over the Yalu River, to the
extent of permitting hot pur-
suit of enemy aircraft up to
two or three minutes flying
time over enemy territory . f. i.
Those kilograms resulted in
our embassies taking up with
the governments of those coun-
tries, this question. We did not
ask them to get any expression
of views, but informed them
that they might, in a short
time, have to ask these gov
ernments about this matter.
"They discussed the ques-
ton with those governments.
and in all cases they got
strongly negative responses
from the governments, saying
they thought it was dangerous,
and not desirable -.
Shortly after that some of
these governments in their
turn came to our embassies
and again stated that if we
were thinking about this, they
wanted to register their view
that it was unwise and unde-
sirable. I transmitted the
views of these governments to
the Secretary of Defense in a
letter. one letter dated Novem-
ber %, 1850, and in another
letter which I believe was dated
November "a, 1850.
After considering these re-
Sponses. it was determined be-
tween the Department of State
and the Department of De-
fense that it was not desirable
to go further with this sugges-
ton"
Senator. Bridges asked:
What was the date when the
Chinese Communists came in?"
They actually attacked, I
believe" said Mr.. Acheson, ION
the 26th of November. They
had been known to be in Ko-
rea, I think, since perhaps the
Oath of October. Certainly in
the early days of November
we began to get reports from
the commander in chief, Far
East, that units were in North
Korea"
So it appears that the deci-
sion to attack on a large scale
was made after our allies in
the u. N. told the United
States emphatically that our
forces could not reconnoiter
by air to see what the Chinese
Communist troops were doing
and could not fight back by
air to bomb the supply lines
in Manchuria from which the
Communist Chinese troops
were being supported.
The Importance from a secu-
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Security Separations
Biggest Of Big Lies,
Johnston Declares
By the Associated Press

Senator Olin D. Johnston,
Democrat, of South Carolina says
"the biggest 'big-lie' program in
OUR American history" began
after the White House announced
last October that 1,456 persons
had been separated from the
Federal service under a new Sc
curity program.
Administration officials, Sem
ator Johnston said in a state
ment yesterday, subsequently
twisted the meaning of the fig
ures in long display of dis
tortion, untruth and political
immortality"
Senator JohnSton's statement
was a review of administration
claims in the security field, which
he has attacked before. .
| Referring to Vice President
Nixon's recent statement that
the Eisenhower administration
has removed Communists, fellow
travellers and security risks from
the Government "by the thou
sands" Senator Johnston said
IF there are in fact real flesh
and blood Communists still in
office, the new crusade has failed
miserably in its cleanup.
"If they have not been dere-
lict in their duties and have
cleaned out the Reds as At
torney General BrowneN claims
and cleaned up the mess as
Nixon claimed, then what dc
these new figures representa-"
Evening star., 1954-10-08

rity standpoint of the military
decisions of those autumn
days of 1850 is emphasized in
the following passage from the
same testimony:
Chairman Russell: You
stated you took it up with six
countries. I will not ask which
they were. But I had under
stood there we're some 13 ma
tions who had contributed
troops to the United Nations
forces in Korea. Why was it
confined to six nations rather
than to consult with all of
them?
Secretary Acheson: I have
tried to refresh my memory on
that and I do not know. The
six countries which were
picked out were prominent and
representative, and I think it
was probably a view of not
spreading the security too
widely
Chairman Russell: In 9TH
er words, it had a highly
secret security rating at that
time?
Secretary Acheson: Yes, sir;
this would be military opera
ton which you would not wish
to inform the enemy about"
But Gen. Macarthur, Gen.
Van Fleet and Gen. Willoughby
insist that the enemy did learn
somehow, presumably from an
embassy source abroad, and
shaped it's policy-a general
attack-because it knew the
United Nations forces would
not use airpower as a military
weapon to make a proper and
normal military defense of the
area.
The result? More than 140.-
900 American casualties. And
still the Europeans and not a
few Americans continue to
pooh-pooh the espionag e
menace and talk about the in
significant number of enrolled
Communists in this country.
It took only one Klaus Fuchs to
transmit the facts about the
atomic bomb. 1t doubtless
took only one spy in the
French or British Foreign Of
flee to tell the Communists
they were safe in risking their
big army on the Korean pen
insula, with the long supply
line into Manchuria immune
from attack. What a tragic
way to conduct a war! And
what a warning to America
that her sons may face il. the
next war operation, big or little,
the same hazards of treachery
among our allies because they
are not as security conscious
as they should be.
Reproduction Rights ReServed)
Evening star., 1954-10-08

ment of Western Germany
under the London treaty. They
tell the Germans that they
have no objection to full re-
armament of unified Ger
many. But such rearmament
must proceed only after the
two divided sections OF the
former Reich have been re-
united and a new parliament
reelected by all the Germans.
And to obtain such reunif1ca-
ton and full sovereignty it is
essential that the new Ger
many should not associate
itself with either the Western
or Eastern camps.
While Mr.. Molotov will en-
deavor to direct his proposals
officially to the German people,
his main efforts are expected
to be concentrated on France
and particularly on the French
National Assembly.
There are some French lead
ers among the extremists who
are not satisfied that the Lon
don agreements give France
full security from another Ger
man attack. They say that
once the Germans begin to re-
arm they will adopt "inching
tactics" to get the Western
forces out of their country
eventually. These leaders point
out that the United States
cannot pledge itself to keep its
forces across the ocean for so
years. Moreover, they say, that
in the event of Soviet
American conflict in the Paci-
fic the time may come when
the six American divisions will
be needed in that area.
America is pledged to join
Europe with all it's military
and economic might in the
event the U. S. S. r. unleaSheS
another war across the Allan
tic. But there is no reciprocity
on the part of our European
allies if the U. S. S. r. and
China provoke another war in
the Far East or even attack
United States territory.
Under such circumstances,
say the cautious French, what
will happen to France? A new
German army which will be
combat ready in two to two
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Doris FIeeson-
Midwest Remains Republican
Area Touched, but Not Shaken, by the Present Wave
Of Discomfort Over Drought and Low Farm Prices

OMAHA.-The Midwest has
been touched by the present
wave of discontent-but not
shaken. Some House seats are
believed to be in the balance.
but the area does not expect
to contribute a sleeper to the
neck-and-neck race for con-
troll of the Senate.
This is good news for one
Democrat-Senator Guy Gill
lette, of Iowa, who enjoys a
protective Republican colora-
ton in a State otherwise Re-
publican. 1t means also Sen
ators Schoeppel, of Kansas,
and Mundt. of South Dakota.
are home free, together with
three Nebraskans, Carl Curtis,
Rowan Hruska and Mrs.
George Abel.
The death of the two Ne
braska Senators during the
past session brought about the
unusual situation by which
Nebraska votes for three Sen
ators. Mr.. Curtis, a member of
the House. is running for a.
full six-year term; Mr.. Hruska,
a more junior Representative,
for an unexpired term of four
years and Mrs. George Abel
will always be able to enjoy
the title Senator" because
quirk of the election laws lets
her run for the period from
November to January.
Mrs. Abel, however, could be
important because she will be
seated when the Senate takes
up the resolution censuring
Senator Mccarthy, and may
vote on it. Nebraskans expect
her to follow the Eisenhower
leadership.
MIR. HruSka is also described
as an Eisenhower Republican
but Mr.. Curtis has a House
record, which plainly indicates
that the right wing of which
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

good Republican he hopes that in the country
will send Ike back to the White House-appareny
only to get him out of Denver.
Republican investigators turn Democratic wind
fa housing scandals Democrats confused
leader heard to predict the Democrats would the
ton "by landal"
Britain she has perfected eectronc
in honor of the English
housewife-t do everything but
Judging by their action Republicans figured
out how to win in November. Don't hold any elections.
Funny thing about this election. The
paignng hardest against three fellows who
for anything-name of Nixon Dixon g. Yates.
New building breaking all construction records
ernent Everybody anxious
possible. There's Democrats are
way back
Atom scientists at Los Alamos say get
credit for inventng the H-bomb Edward Teller
Alamos slogan: Were doers, not Tellers"
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Thomas L. Stokes
O'Mohoney Returns to Scene
Former Senator, Drafted in w Wyoming's Emergency
Apparently Will Be Shoo-in Winner Over Harrison

wearing out younger men in
his encourage.
The former Senator, a
staunch New Dealer and Fair
Dealer, was drafted away from
his profitable law practice to
meet a Democratic emergency
in this State. That emergency
was caused by the announced
retirement of Democratic Sen
ator Lester B. Hunt, who SUBJ
sequently took his own life and
created the vacancy now filled
temporarily until next Janu-
ary by a Republican appointed
by Wyoming's Republican Gov
ernor. Senator Hunt had gen.
orally been considered a sure
winner for reelection in No
vember's election. Wyoming
had been checked off, filed and
forgotten by National party
leaders in mapping their cam
paign to hold what they have
IN the Senate and pick up the
few Republican-held seats nec-
essary to regain control of the
Senate.
That's where Joe O'Mahoney
came back into the picture. He
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Henry Cobot Lodge. j.
Henry Cabot Lodge, IL
u. N.-Peace for One Thin Dime
Nations Membership Costs Each Of Us the Price Of Cup
Of Coffee It's the Worlds Cheapest BurqIor Alom

(ThiS is the fourth in a
series OF articles by top eTecu-
tues in the Eisenhower Gdm1l-
istration, designed as n1tdterm
reports to the American people
on the administrators &C
compliShments and plans. The
Stars use OF the articles is
made possible By the courtesy OF
the NeU York Herald Tribune.J
Our membership in the
United Nations organization
costs every American one dime
per year-the price of one cup
of coffee. You can't buy auto
matte peace for that price or
any price. But in my opinion,
we are getting by means of the
United Nations the biggest
bargain in peace and security
for freedom that the world
has ever known.
Since the Eisenhower ad-
ministration came into office
81 months ago, we have striven
to make our share in the
United Nations bigger bar
gain than ever. The United
States dollar contribution has
been reduced while the much
smaller Soviet share was in
creased. The United States
Mission in New York has also
been cut down for economy.
More important, through the
United Nations a great deal
has been accomplished toward
what we Americans want most
zeal peace and freedom.
1. On the Korean War the
United Nations General AS
sembly noted with approval the
armistice agreement which
ended three years of blood
shed. BY this agreement the
Communist aggressors had
gained not one square inch Of
territory, and many thousands
of former soldiers in the Com
munist armies were given the
right to choose freedom. The
General Assembly also fatty
rejected the attempt of the So
Wet Union to appear as a
neutral" at the Geneva con-
ference on the future of Korea.
The United States took a lead
ing part in securing this re-
lection. 1t was a major defeat
for Communism. Meanwhile
troops from our United Ma
tions allies-the same allies
who contributed the equivalent
of two divisions to the Korean
war and took over $1,000 cas-
ualties, including 5000 dead
are still standing guard beside
our own troops against any
new outbreak of Communist
aggression there.
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Constantine Brown

The Russians must use all
their diplomatic gimmicks be-
tween now and the end Of
November to prevent the rati-
fication of the London agree
ments by the Bonn and Paris
parliaments.
Foreign Minister Molotov
fired his opening gun Wednes-
day at a celebration in East
Berlin. His theme was neu-
tralization, evacuation and
unification of Germany.
Washington diplomats be-
lieve that this first general
proposal, which is only a
repetition of the previous ones
offered to the allies and Ger
mans by the Kremlin. will be
followed shortly by some
thing more concrete.
Molotov is expected to offer
free elections in Germany
based on withdrawal of all
occupation forces. He may
even agree, according to indi-
cations from East Berlin, to
supervision of elections by
allied and neutral teams. to be
held simultaneously in both
German zones. But he will in
sist, according to the informa-
ton, on total withdrawal of
military forces.
The joker is so evident that
it would be surprising if the
Germans, anxious as they are
for unif1cation, would fall for
it.
In the event of a general
withdrawal the Russians would
have to pull their forces back
only 80 to 40 miles. But the
allies would have to pull back
across the Rhine into France,
across the Channel to Britain
and the Americans would have
to go back 1000 miles across
the Atlantic.
The London agreement pro-
vides that some Is American,
British and French divisions
and an adequate air force
should remain for approxi-
mately so years on German
territory, as allies and not as
occupation forces.
The Russians reject this pro-
posal as they do the rearma-
Evening star., 1954-10-08
CorstdntLne Brown
Soviet Starts Intense Campaign
MoIotov Will Work Diligently to Prevent Porloments
In Bonn and Poris From Rotifying London Accord

and one-half years will be suf-
f1cient to crush France if the
Americans have to leave
Europe. The only salvation
would come from the U. S. S. R.
with whom France is tied in a
defensive alliance against Ger
many until 1866. And Mr..
Molotov is expected to make
good use of these extremists
who will speak loudly between
now and November 20 when
the LONDON agreements come
up for ratification.
The German people them
selves do not appear to harbor
any militant revanchist ideas
against their neighbors across
the Rhine. AS a matter of
fact If the surveys taken un-
officially in Western Germany
are accurate, there is little
enthusiasm for a strong army
except by former professional
military men. There is, of
course. a widespread desire for
sovereignty and unity, But
the rank and file of Germans,
according to these reports, do
not believe the u, S. S. r. will
force them to become satel-
lites.
The Soviet leaders are not
fools. They will hesitate a
long time before they decide
to destroy highly active and
modern German industrial
plants in order to subjugate
Germany.
The Germans seem to rel
ish the belief that the Mus
covites want them as allies.
This belief is shared neither
by Chancellor Adenauer nor
all the heads of the coalition
parties. But it does exist
strongly among the Socialists
and neo-Nationalists. g
Thus Molotov is expected to
play both ends against the
middle to eliminate the Lon
don agreement. He will off,
cially appear as the man who
proposes German unity. But
behind the scenes he will en-
courage the French leaders
who are afraid of Germany's
revived military strength and
are skeptical about our stay
ing in Europe for the next SO
years.
Evening star., 1954-10-08

of contempt for the United
Nations. Thus the very fact
that this issue has been raised
has given us a chance to
remind the whole world of the
criminal nature of the Red
Chinese regime.
5. On American Communists
in the United Nations, in the
past two years we have worked
out security measures with the
United Nations Secretariat
which assure complete FBI in,
vestigations and security clear
. ance of every single American
employed by the United Ma
tions. This is not because they
get secret information at the
United Nations: they don't. 1t
is simply because, with so many
good Americans to choose from,
there is no excuse for a single
American Communist to have
such a convenient and COM
Portable roosting place for
whatever skulduggery he may
q be able to perpetrate.
, 6. On atomic energy and dis
armament, President Eisen-
hover last December 8 ap-
peared in person before the
United Nations General As
Sembly and made a bold pro-
posal-an international agency
to develop the peaceful uses Of
atomic energy for all mankind.
No proposal ever made before
the United Nations has re-
ceived similar acclaim. Despite
Moscow'S refusal to join, we
are going ahead with this plan.
This is one great example, but
not the last, of how we can use
the United Nations to carry out
dramatically a simple Ameri-
can aim-which has enormous
appeal for the rest of the world
peace, freedom and a better
life for everybody.
The United Nations is not,
and never could be, an auto
matte peace producer. There
is no such thing. But it is a
first-clasS burglar alarm.
The burglar alarm helps pro-
tect every American, and it
costs him 10 cents a year. I
think that is a good bargain.
What we would have to pay
just to buy the chance which
the United Nations gives us to
carry Americas voice to the
world would alone be many
hundred times what we pay to
the United Nations today. If
we had not had the United
Nations it is my belief that we
would already be in World
War III.
Copyright. 1854, N. Y Herald Tribune Inc
Evening star., 1954-10-08
Thomas L. Stokes

CHEYENNE. Wyo. "Joe"
O'Mahoney. as he is known
out here and as he has been
known in Washington for
many years. gave nearly two
decades of service in the Sen
ate to his State-and the Ma
ton. Among recognized ma
tional leaders in the Demo-
cratic Party, he nevertheless
was a victim two years ago of
the political avalanche known
as "the Eisenhower landslide"
which, like most avalanches,
was no respecter of persons.
The Senator took his defeat
philosophically. retired to pri-
vate life and the private prac-
tice of law, and had come to
regard his career in politics
as over and done. But not so.
The travelling political re-
porter comes into this State
again on his appointed bien-
NAL rounds and, as in other
years, finds Joe O'Mahoney in
politics just as if he'd never
quit: He is shutting about this
State in a comeback campaign
Just as energetically as of old,