davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26

connected with any Of West Ger
many's postwar political parties. The
wise course for German youth today
is to stay out of the army and out
of politics. The wise course for the
country is neutralism. If one sur
wives the next war, life will be at
least bearable, no matter who wins.
Opposition elements in Britain
and France are already trumpeting
neutralist policies. Socialist Jules
Moch used them to help beat EDO
to death in the French National
Assembly. A dozen H-bombs. he
said, could wipe out all of West
Germany, including her IL prospec-
tive NATO army divisions. He paint
ed no such vivid pictures of how
France would fare under similar
treatment, but he drew the same
conclusion many Germans do: I'm
truth, the option today Is to disarm
Or if war breaks out, to perish"
.Loborite Moves
Great Britain's Labor Party, which
the not-infallible Gallup Poll now
believes is strong enough to win q
national election. meets this week
to clarity its position on German
rearmament. There are strong moves
afoot against it. The Trades Union
Congress, which makes up the right
wing of the Labor Party, backed
German rearmament by only the
narrowest of margins. When the
IT TT n onn0cition t0 German ra-
armament combines with the left
wing followers of Aneurin Bevan,
there is a real possibility the Labor
Party will vote against Foreign Sec
rotary Anthony Eden's policies. It
is the pressure of this growing Labor
Party sentiment, plus the knowledge
that the Churchill government soon
may be challenged at the polls, that
has spurred Mr.. Eden on in finding
a quick alternative to EDO.
British opposition to German re-
armament would still be far step
from British neutralism, of course,
but it would reinforce trend in
that direction. British fear Of trig-
gering the dread world H-war tends
to color its world strategy. Top
military men in Great Britain start
on the assumption that If they are
allied with America and war with
the Soviet Union comes. the Krem-
lin will wipe out England with H
bombs. So British-as distinguished
from Commonwealth strategists
already are much less anxious to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26

tight senatorial campaign against
Republican Val Bjornson?
Mr.. Naftalin grinS at that one:
Fortunately we don't have to face
this particular problem, for the stu
dents take part only in State and
local campaigns. rather than ma
tional. They are welcomed more
readily and find more work and
learning opportunities in the State
and local organizations, which have
little money and lots of need for
help" l.
No Bios
But those who know the course
say partisanship has never been a
problem in it. A study by the Citi-
zenship Clearing House CALLED with
the Law Center Of New York Uni
versity) based on interviews with a
sample of members and former
members of the course yielded the
report that "the professors we'll
known political views did not in the
least interfere with his conduct OF
the course. Republicans testified
specifically to the fairness with
which they and their political views
were treated"
The same study yielded comments
by many students that the course
was the most valuable they had had
in college, and by all that it took
more work than any other. when
you spend half your days every week
at the Legislature, and four or five
evenings as well, you think other
courses are cinch," said one.
And, most satisfying to Mr.. Naf-
talin and the courses sponsors, it
also indicated that more than half
the courses students continued their
active work in politics after the
course ended.
The University of Minnesota
course is not alone in it's field. Col
gate. Ohio Wesleyan, Hamline and
others have similar courses. But
to quote the CCH study again
this course applies the field work
idea more thoroughly than any
other we have observed"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26

fleld-work course in politics, to as
sign the job to Mr.. Naftalin.
Here's how the course works this
year:
Each of the students, when classes
open this week, will choose a legis-
lative candidate in Twin Cities
district whose campaign he would
like to aid. His choice will be
strictly his own-dictated by his
own political leanings or his ap-
prevail of issues for which q candi-
date stands.
The Is students, most of them
men, will offer the candidates their
assistance ("and they're always
greeted with cheers and plenty of
jobs" Mr.. Naftalin says). They
will make detailed studies of the
candidates experience. background
and qualifications, as well as of the
issues on which the campaigns are
to be waged. Then they will go to
work-door-to-door canvassing, set
ting up speeches with clubs, making
stump speeches themselves, licking
envelopes i. any of the thousand
jobs that, make up American local
politics.
After November 2, they will have
post mortems, both with their can
didates' organizations and with Mr..
Naftalin and their classmates.
Then they'll go into the second
project of the course-a study of
pressure groups. They'll select
groups that follow their candidates
interests-the student who cam
paigns for a conservationist will
link himself with a conservation
organization. Again the study will
be practical and strictly of the on
the-ground variety.
FoIiow-Up
And in the second of the courses
two terms-January through March
each student will spend his time
following his candidate and at least
one bill of his particular interest
through the State Legislature. This
Is possible because the university is
within easy street-car distance Of
the State capitol. Here the student
has a chance to see how the work Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26
Neutrosm Grows in Europe on Heels Of EDO Co|Iop:

to the Communist side with only a
little nudge, according to some OBJ
servers.
Indonesia has just reaffirmed it's
devotion to India-type neutralism
through its Premier, DR.. Ali Sastro-
amidjojo, who is visiting New Delhi.
He and Prime Minister Nehru said
yesterday they hope to add African
countries to their neutraIist group.
The North Pacific's largest re-
manning Communist power.
Japan, is edging closer toward
neutralist policy, forced in that
direction by its economic straits.
Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida, q
pro-American during the occupa-
ton and since. is under increasing
pressure from his political OPPOSE
ton. Under strong United States
prodding, Japan is rearming, but at
a snail's pace, which is the only pace
the japanese Diet would allow.
There is much pressure now, too, to
relax trade bans against Communist
China
Gen. Douglas MacArthur's old adj
vice to Japan about becoming the
Switzerland of the Far East" is
coming into vogue in some circles.
This neutrality notion has great ap-
peal among the Socialist parties and
the women of the country, recently
enfranchised.
The developing trend toward
neutralism in both Occident and
Orient is, of course, the reverse side
of that old Stain coin aimed at
isolating the United States from
its allies. This is q basic aim of
Soviet foreign policy that did not
change after Stains death.
Dulles Problem
Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles will encounter it increasingly
this fall and winter in his quest
for an alternative to EDO. Prime
Minister Yoshida will be talking
about it when he gets to Washington
in November.
What can the United States do
to arrest the trend? BaSically it
is a problem for Secretary of State
John Foster Dulles to sell the people
and foreign ministers of western
Europe-whoever they may be
in the months ahead-.on this prop
osition:
Being victorious and dead on a
heap of ruins is preferable to being
defeated and alive in Communist
dominated world.
The important corollary to this
proposition:
Unless one is ready to risk war
with the Kremlin, the chance for
withstanding its pressures Is almost
non-existent.
The Kremlin has demonstrated
in countries it has recently victim
lied that neutrality is as hapless q
philosophy to espouse as anti-com-
munism once the Soviet Union takes
over. But somehow that gets harder
to believe the closer one gets to
the center of Soviet power.
Sir Winston Churchill, Chancel-
lor Adenauer, Premier Pierre Men
des-France and Prime Minister Yo-
shida all agree with the United
States estimate of Moscow intoler-
ance of neutralism. They also
recognize the primacy of maintain
ing the Western alliance.
Whether their successors will
share these views may become one
Of the crucial questions of the next
decade.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26
Why Is She Smiling?

Ever since Leonardo da Vinci
put the final strokes to his famous
portrait of La Giaconda 448 years
ago, people have been arguing
about the reason behind the thin,
mysterious smile on her face.
Better known as the Mona
Lisa" the painting-which now
hangs in Paris Louvre-repre-
sents renaissance gentlewoman
of Florence. To some viewers, her
expression seems to be dead-pan,
but to others her slight smile is
a provocative mystery.
History records that Leonardo
began work on his masterpiece
just after the start of the 18th
century. and finished it some four
years later, about 1906. And the
legend is that, even after this
four-year painting job, the mas
ter was dissatisfied with his prod
uct. This appears to be case Of
following the path of self-critl-
ciSn right out the window.
Probably the best known Incl
dent in Mona Lisa's life" was
her theft from the Louvre in 1911.
It was more than two years later
that the painting was discovered
in Florence-where it was painted
and the thief arrested. He was
an Italian laborer named VIM
cenzo Perugia. He stole it, Peru
gia said, to avenge his native
italy for the number of great
paintings that had been taken
from his country by French art
connoiSSeurs. ...
Romanticists have suggested
that La Gioconda was harboring
a delicious secret which she could
control but never quite forget.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26
EedgIng PoIticos Ring DoorbeIIs for College Credits

MINNEAPOLIS. - Twenty five
University of Minnesota students
this week will start ward-heeling for
Republican or Democratic-F Farmer
Labor candidates for the Minnesota
observation-disclosures doorbells, post
ing placards, mailing literature, and
haranguing crowds.
And they'll get scholastic credits
for doing it.
The course is a practical example
of how young men and women can
learn to do more about the dirty
game of politics than deplore it.
The students are Juniors and SEN
iors enrolled in course called Field
Work in Government and Politics
a course now in it's eighth year
whose purpose is to teach political
citizenship not in a textbook vac
uum, but through active and often
arduous participation.
Most of these neo-politicians-
almost all brand new at politics
when the course openS-are majors
in political science, students who
expect to make careers in some form
Of public activity or party work. But
there are also future teachers, journ-
alists, sociologists and others who
see the value of learning about po-
liticS at the grass roots.
Some Gain Office
The course is nothing if not prac-
tical. It has no textbook, no formal
lectures, no final examinations. To
earn grade, a student has first of
all to take active part in an actual
campaign; he has to make weekly
oral reports to classmates and in
structor on what he has done; and
he has finally to turn in a written
report which shows not only his own
participation but also what he's
learned about the realities of local
politics.
No attempt is made to induce the
students to run for Office themselves.
but some do. One jumped from the
classroom to a seat on the Minneap-
oils City Council. Others haveAmade
it as far as the State Legislature.
The instructor himself is sea-
soned political participant. Profess
.sor Arthur Naftalin, newspaper
man in Fargo, N. Dak., and Mime
apolis in the 30s and early 40s, left
Journalism to earn Pho. in po-
litical science and to become sec
rotary to rising young Minneapolis
mayor and ex-political science
teacher named Hubert Horatio
Humphrey. Cts not uncommon in
the Twin Cities to hear it said that
Mr.. Naftalin was one of the group
that invented" the now-Senator
Humphrey-that pursuaded him to
leave academic life for active poll
tics.) Since Senator Humphrey
went to Washington in 1948, Mr..
Naftalin has been on the Univer-
sity of Minnesota political science
staff. But he has also been Demo-
cratic-Farmer Labor (DFD chair
man in his Minneapolis ward,
county vice chairman, an Americans
for Democratic Action leader and a
regular and active participant in
civic as well as political affairs.
A Loeieol Choice
So it was simple logic, when the
university's political science depart.
ment decided 1t needed a realistic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26

campaigns and election comes to
fruit in the legislative process-how
the ave-the-forests bill his candi-
date had espoused becomes part of
the States code, or how and by what
interests it is defeated.
This is the process through which
1886 students in the course will
go. But in $3.50, when there will
be no election and no legislature,
the course has different outline.
In the fall each student will make
detailed studies Of organization and
history of a political party of his
choosing. He will attach himself to
the party's local arm, and engage
in whatever it is doing. In the
winter, when parties are beginning
to make plans for the biennial elec-
tons, he will take part in caucuses,
go to conventions and often become
an official delegate to his party's
formal meetings.
Sometimes this odd-even year
program doesn't excite students as
much at first as does the even-odd
OPPOA N4As 4No4Vd4AA says
But it often turns out more prof
itably than the other, in terms of
arousing students interest in genu-
inc political activity"
Convention Delegates
To show what he means, he cites
the fact that in one odd-even year
six members of the class became
delegates to the State DFL conven-
ton and four to the Republican,;
that others became alternates: that
all went to county conventions;
that most became precinct chair
men, and at least one a ward
leader. Early this year, Mr.. Naftalin
reports. one student completely re-
activated a moribund ward organi-
cation.
This question is sometimes asked
about the course: Isn't there danger
that teacher so active in a major
party may direct student interest
toward his own favorites? To make
1t more specific: What about this
fall, when Mr., Naftalin's friend
Senator Humphrey Is running In a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26

risk war with the Soviet Union than
is the United States. The British
action during the Diem Bien Phu
crisis is the most recent example
of this attitude. ....
American Shift
The United States Government is
acutely conscious Of this trend Of
thinking in the European heartland.
There are strong factions at work,
therefore, to shift the American de-
lenses against communism off the
soggy ground of central Europe to
the periphery" One of their big
gest hurdles, of course, will be OPP
position to abandoning the billions
of dollars worth of bases built in
France since the end of World War
II.
If America ever settles on this
peripheral strategy, no doubt Eu-
ropes drift to neutralism will get a
mighty push. Advocates of the dras-
tic plan propose that this country
rely on deterrent retaliatory power
that can be based on air fields in
the Middle East, North Africa, Spain
and England. But as has been seen,
England already is showing signs
of softening.
Neutralism is much farther along
in the Orient, of course. The Manila
conference brought this sharply to
mind again. In South Asia, anti
Communist elements are limited to
three comparatively weak countries.
the Philippines, Thailand and Pakis-
tan. The rest of independent non
Communist South Asia Is already
determinedly neutral.
Aston NeutroIism
India leads the parade, although
she clings to the hope that rather
than begging down in sterile neu-
trality she can become a bridge be-
tween the Soviet and non-Soviet
blocs.
Burma, the country which Asiatic
members of the Manila Pact hope
to WOO, has just reiterated its firm
determination to continue its policy
of neutrality. Only two weeks ago
Premier U NJ described the mega
tive" and affirmative" aspects Of
his neutralism: 1--WE will join no
world blocs" and 1--WE try our best
to be friendly with all nations of the
world
Indonesia and Ceylon tend to the
same course. although the formers
unsettled government could go over
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26
By EorI H. Voss

Ever since the atomic age dawned,
heavily-populated Europe has heard
some of it's most prominent poll
ticians and statesmen advocate neu-
tralism as their only hope for sur
vival if war comes again.
Up to now, the United States has
been able to convince the cabinets
of western Europe that their best
hope for the future lies not in neu-
tralism but in a united front against
communism. French rejection, how
ever, of the keystone of that united
strength policy-the European De-
Tense Community treaty-has dis
illusioned many in Europe and re-
inforced the hands of the neutral
lists.
Western allies are working fever
ishly to find an alternative to EDO
which will put the united strength
policy into solid form before the
neutralists gather enough political
support to impose their theories on
western Europe. It is race against
time in which the neutralists have
many advantages. The tide Is now
in their favor.
In the Federal German Republic.
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer is
given until the end of this year be-
fore the political storm breaks. II
West Germany is not brought into
some kind of European association
as an equal by that time, most OBJ
servers expect severe political re-
percussions led by Socialist Erich
Ollenhauer.
NeutroIist Argument
One of the German neutralists'
strongest arguments is that neu-
trail West Germany stands better
chance of talking the Soviet Union
into relinquishing its hold on East
Germany and allowing reunification
of their partitioned country. The
Kremlin is encouraging this belief.
Contrary to widely held impress
sion. neutralism is also preferred
among large segments Of German
youth. who are usually represented
as favoring a revival Of militarism.
Here is the reasoning: If war comes,
the Russians will either occupy West
Germany in a few days or blast her
with A-bombs and H-bombs. Those
who are unlucky enough to survive
will be sent off to Siberia if they
are found wearing a NATO uniform,
or If they have been even remotely
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26

Mr.. Yeoser is writer with George
Washington University law degree, and
M. Stark is protecting attorney. Their
ortiele exomines. from O legal point Of
view. one Of the problems inherent in
coping with juvenile delinquency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-26
Delinquents;
Legul Experts Ponder
Cruckdown on Parents
By Phil Yeoqer and John Stark

e's1 WIFI
Can juvenile delinquency, perhaps
the most battling social problem of
contemporary times, be solved in
part by stepping up the legal liza
bility Of the parent?
Admittedly there is no simple APP
proach to juvenile delinquency, q
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1954-08-20

The Democratic Party under Tru-
man weakened at the seams, and when
the time was ripe for propaganda
campaign, the Republicans opened
fire. Promises to bring the boys home
from Korea, lower taxes, full produc-
ton, and more jobs was effective am
munition and the New Deal was dis
carded for Utopia, just around the
corner.
Have the people right to question
the homespun sincerity of the man in
the White House in the short period he
has been at the helm? If the failure to
carry out his campaign pledges is
criterion of his intentions, then the
people have such right. Where are the
million new homes, the 5 million jobs
and the new security promised them?
Suppose we look at the record.
With Hoover towns (slums) in every
city, million homes are needed yearly
to provide decent dwelling for every
American family. Even if we meet this
goal, it will take until 1860 to complete
the project. The Senate recently ap-
proved public-housing program call
ing for 35, 900 units to be built in each
of the next years. This can be ap-
preciated after the attempts to kill
the entire housing program. The Doug
las motion to construct 100000 units
in the next 4 years and the suggestion
Of the AFL executive council for at
n i+c Il
tie consideration. From all appear
ances this is the fulfillment of the
party's pledge to those who are com
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1954-08-20
You Asked for II

PEELED to live in slumS, but why is the
President silent on this vital question?
Was his pledge to provide better hous-
ing just campaign talk?
( Why bring up reduction in taxes
when it is dead issue? The big boys
have received theirs and now the cOu-
pom clippers can laugh up their sleeves.
jury by denying the small fry a $40
reduction in his income tax Congress
now is attempting to appease him by a
child-care deduction plan for children
up to II years of age. We maintain
that if coupon clippers are to receive
special consideration, then the man in
the street who earns his bread by the
sweat of his brow is entitled to the
same Under the administration plan
if a taxpayers income was all divi-
dends and came to $4,000 he would
pay 5000 in taxes, while the SIS, 000-a-
year wage Garner would pay 1920.
Understanding this, it is not difficult
to see which way the wind blows. 1t is
estimated that the House bill calling
fol the baby-sitting provision will cost
the Treasury $40 million year. Don't
be alarmed if some Senator or Con-
gresham comes up with something
on birth control if the bill becomes law.
We must not mention recession even
though unemployment is at the highest
peak since the war. With labor sur
plus in 8 industrial areas added with
in the last 80 days, the total now is
1913. This may not mean much to the
man with a job, but overall personal
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1954-08-20

against communism. They also have a
phobia against the United Nations.
They have set themselves up as judges
of their fellow citizens and the censors
of printed matter. ....q
They work hard and overtime to
push their program. While other le-
gionnaires play, they never rest. In
this respect, they use the same tactics
as the Communists of the '30s who
infiltrated unions and other organi-
cations to their own advantage.
They are persistent Two years ago
at the state legion convention, they
offered resolution suggesting the
United States pull out of the UN. 1t
was voted down. Last week, in addi-
ton to libeling the Girl Scouts, the
Illinois Legion urged that the United
States approve "a declaration of in
dependence from the United Nations"
The anti-United Nations drive with
in the Illinois Legion has political over
tones. The UN is an issue among some
political factions. The Legion conSti-
tuition says the Legion shall be mon
political and shall not be used for the
dissemination of partisan principles"
The attack on the Girl Scout organi-
cation was an offspring of the anti
UN drive. 1t seems to have had it's orig
in in an article by Robert LIE Fevre,
Florida TV crusader against the UN.
He denounced the 1858 Girl Scouts
handbook because, in his opinion, it
contained propaganda" for the UN
and did not sufficiently emphasize the
u. S. Constitution and Bill of Rights.
The article was inserted in the Con-
gressional Record July by Rep. Shee-
han (R-Ill). On July 27, Sheehan in
serted reply by Mrs. Roy F. Layton,
national Girl Scouts president, deny
ing some of the criticisms as untrue
and explaining that some points on