davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29

ringtOn in the second round and
Milford over Smyrna in the finals.
AT the conclusion of all games
refreshments were served ia. all bv
the Caesar Rodney Chapter.
The program was planned and
managed by the advisors and three
members from each of the T.. f. A.
Chapters.
The Kent County F. F. A. Adj
Visors are: Melvin Luff, FELTON,:
Frederic Myer, Harrington; A. G.
Davidson, Milford; Leonard Hitch.
Smyrna; Horace E. Short, Caesar
Rodney.
Seniors To Present ''The Adorable
Imp, March 18th
The Senior Glass has chosen
"The Adorable Imp" as the class
play, scheduled for production on
March 10.
TryOuts and casting have been
completed, and the case is already
started on rehearsal schedule.
The following Seniors have
parts: Eppie Powell, Nancy Bak-
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29

Short; Vice President, Miss Mary
Evans; Treasurer, Mrs. Rella
Evans; and Secretary, Mrs. Vera
Belts.
On Saturday night of this week,
a chicken and dumpling supper
given by the Freshman Glass will
be at Lord Baltimore School.
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29

er, Mary Sue Thompson. Betty
Ann Clue, Shirley Cox, Norma Gar
ner, Edwin Seward, orville Wright,
Paul Glanden, Robert Gillespie,
and Richard Benner.
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29

line, ripple the
shirt hem, or otherwise alter the
shape of the garment.
Good pressing is different from
ironing. Most pressing should be
done by lowering and lifting the
iron rather than moving it over
TIE cloth as in ironing. This low
Grand lift motion applies pressure
as needed and helps to avoid
stretching the fabric The amount
OF heat, moisture and pressure re-
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29

U u l WTlukleS,
aids in restor-
ing the original
texture of the
fabric, and aids
i n preserving
the shape and
fit of the gar
ment.
Poor pressing
may draw the
fabric out of
line or give it a
shiny "ironed"
look. 1t may
t1atten curves,
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29
For Your Calendar

Three U. S. Presidents, johnson,
jackson and Polk were born in
North Carolina:
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29
To The Person whO Is
DEAF
and IS Tired Of Straining to
EAR

Now, the latest triumph of electronics
research enables thousands to hear
again with unbelievable clarity and
ease. Long lost sounds-music-
even low-voiced conversations are
heard with startling realism through
the sensational new extra-tiny Bel,
tone quality hearing aids.
Write for free booklet and complete
information TO Beltone, DEPT. IN"
1900 w. 36th Street, Chicago. Ill
Milford chronicle. [volume] (Milford, Del.) 1878-1974, 1954-01-29
Kent Home Doings
Pressing Pointers

Good pressing helps to keep
clothes looking their best. Smooths
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
E Planning 10 Go
After Rocky al Start
OF Fight Wednesday
BY the Assoeio.sd Pres.

NEW YORK, Sept. IL
Heavyweight Champion Rocky
Marciano~ and Ezzard Charles
clash again at Yankee Stadium
Wednesday night and once more
the undefeated Brockton blaster
Is an 18-to-5 favorite to ruin the
ex-champion's bid for an un-
.precedented second title.
The big question Of this re-
turn bout is how the hereunder
June II affected the 33-year-old
challenger. Fans wonder wheth-
er the savage beating he abb
sorbed in the 18th round
softened him up, whether he will
crumple early like ancient Jer-
sey Joe Walcott did in his sec
ond time around with Rocky. or
whether he will be a more
confident and more dangerous
opponent for having gone the
full route without having been
knocked down.
Marciano flattened Jersey Joe
in 2::25 of the first round Of
their return fight. The case his
tory was bluntly pointed out to
Charles.
Charles Confident.
IF I thought it would be any
thing like that, If I thought I
couldn't win, what would ] be
training for?" the grim tipped
challenger asked.
Charles said he intends to take
advantage of Rocky's usually
slow starting habits and go right
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Montreal 1rounces
Hamilton, l1-3, as
|Efcheyerry Stars
BY the Associated Press

MONTREAL, Sept. 11.-Sam
(The Rifle Etcheverry, working
from behind q fast-charging
wall. today quarterbacked the
Montreal Alouettes to an Inn
pressive 2l-3 triumph over the
Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
It was the clubs fourth con-
secutive victory as undisputed
leaders Of the Big -Four football
league. The game was televised
In the United States.
More than 1900 fans roared
approval as the big slot man
from Denver baf11ed the Tiger
Cats from start to finish. He
completed Is out Of 20 passes
for 201 yards and directed the
Ais to 252 yards rushing. Alex
Webster scored two touchdowns.
Chuck Hunsinger. Ray Poole and
joey Pal ran the Hamilton in
vaders ragged.
The defeat was Hamilton's
third in four tries. Montreal had
downed the Ti-Cats. 2o-6. in
their league opener two weeks
ago in Hamilton.
MMa ontrsa1 ----- 2 g 9 60
Scoring: Hamilton. field goal--Logan.
Montreal. touchdowns - Webster (2),
Hunsinger. Conversions-Poole {2l. Field
soal-Poole. Single-Brown roughed on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Ted KroII' S $500
Leads Brazil Open
BY The Assoeiuted Pres.

SAC PAULO, Sept. 1l-Ted
Knoll of New Hartford, N. Y.
shot a SO today to hold a one
stroke lead in the Brazilian Open
golf championship after three
rounds with a So hole total : Of
209.
Argentina's Roberto De vlcen-
20 shot SO today to tie for the
best third-round score and
moved into second place with
210, one stroke in front of Bra
zil's Mario Gonzalez. the first
round leader.
Knoll had a "a on the open
ing day, then blasted out sc
yesterday for the best round OF
the tourney, which ends tomor-
row.
Walter Burkemo Of Franklin
Mich, matched Gonzalez's So to
move within four strokes of the
lead with a 213. Bob Toski,
Northampton, Mass. trailed by
another two strokes after carding
a SO. Jim Turnesa of Briarcliff,
N. Y, was 18th with 221 with
rounds of 75-73-73.
Frank Stranahan of Toledo,
Ohio, who turned pro only a
few days ago, continued to
prove a disappointment. He had
another rs today, which put him
far down the list with a 226.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Betsy Rawls Takes
81. Louis Open Lead
By the Associated Press

ST. LOUIS, Sept. 11.-Betsy
Rawls of Spartanburg. S. c., took
a commanding eight-stroke lead
today in the st. Louis Women'S
Open Golf tournament as she
conquered slick greens and a
troublesome wind for a three
under-par 70.
She put together rounds of
SO and 81 on the par 1888 Glen
Echo Country Club course to go
with her blazing 81 on the open
ing day for a 36-hole total of
140.
The final round in the 4-hole
tourney with $3.50 first prize
will be played tomorrow.
Betty Hicks of Durham, N. c..
held onto second place by rally
ing on the back nine for a So and
rs for the day to go with
previous u for 148 total.
Betty Jameson of San Antonio,
Tex, was the other sub-par
shooter with a 70 for 36-hole
total of $50 and tie for third
place with Beverly Hanson of
Indio. Calf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
By George Huber

Halfback Len Ciemniecki,
George Washington's leading
scorer as a freshman in 1852,
showed yesterday that he may
have returned to his old form.
Ciemniecki, who is the Splinter
and big point man on GW's track
team, featured a scrimmage
against Fort Belvoir by dashing
80 yards to a touchdown. He
broke off tackle and just kept
going. outracing Engineer de-
tenders in a manner reminiscent
of the many long dashes Of his
freshman days.
In 1852, Lenny's first year
with the Colonials. he was the
teams leading scorer, outpoint-
ing even the well-remembered
Bino Barreira. Last year when
one platoon football was in
stalled he had trouble at times
with defensive play. and that
in turn. hampered his offense
The George Washington coaches
think that now. as a junior. he
has caught up on his defensive
work and is ready to resume his
old habits of romping for long
gains.
Two Days Of Scrimmage.
The Colonials yesterday ended
two days of heavy scrimmages
against the Fort Belvoir eleven
their last heavy work until Sat-
urday afternoons opening game
at Wake Forest.
Coach DO Sherman expressed
himself as reasonably well
pleased" with the way his team
shaped up against the Engineers
There were no serious injuries
and, unless something unex-
pected crops up between now
and Saturday, the Colonials will,
be able to send their best lineur
against the Deacons.
Running in the first team
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Cornell. Kelly Advance
To Congressional Finals

George Cornell and Col. Rem
ME Kelly won yesterdays semi
finals in the Congressional Coun-
try Club golf championship and
meet for the title in today's &c.
hole finals.
Cornell is defending champion
and has been in the final the
last three years. Col. Kelly was
medalist in this years qualify
ing round.
Cornell was carried to the final
hole before defeating Eugene
Pittman. up, yesterday. while
Col. Kelly won over John Eisin-
ger 4 and 3.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Troy, Cartier Arrive Tomorrow
To Train for Bout Here Friday

earning q chance against Olson.
Troy has won ~ Of his 30 pro
bouts. with his other loss o
knockout by Joey Giardello sew
eral months ago. In between
Minis and Glardello. Troy won
seven fights by knockouts, and
since the Giardello bout has
started what his management
calls a new knockout string by
stopping Tony Anthony.
Troy in No Hurry.
Troy is %. with plenty of time
to work his way up among the
160-pounders. Cartier is 30.
While Cartier is carried on the
list of better middleweights, he
is not exactly in the title picture,
and his appearance against Troy
here seems in the role of a trial
horse. If Troy can get past such
a veteran his stock should rise a
few notches.
I Cartier looks to be no soft
touch for Troy. He still is
tangling with Fighters. and
this year has won over such good
ones as Randy Sandy. Billy Kill
gore, Tuzo Portuguez and Bobby
Dykes. plus a draw against Ted
Ola.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Dub Jones Willing
To Reioin Browns
BY the Associated Prsss

CLEVELAND, Sept. l1.-Half-
back Dub Jones, who retired
after last season. is willing to
return to professional football
and report to the Cleveland
Browns. Coach Paul Brown said
today.
Dub asked me If I thought
he could do us some good. and
I told him yes" Brown said.
Jones. 20. played six seasons
at right halfback for the Browns.
The Browns, who have lost
three Of four exhibition games.
also will get additional help at
end. Carlton Massey Of Texas
has received an o. <. from his
draft board to continue studies
toward his degree In Cleveland
without being subject to imme-
date call.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

chances but couldn't make q
touchdown. They were stopped
on the Packers II, Is. 81 and S
yard lines.
Rob Goode was the Redskins
leading ground gamer with II
yards on II tries, while Reid,
with 81 on seven attempts, and
Cone, with Sc on a similar num-
Der of carries. was tops for the
Packers.
Statistically, the Redskins
didn't look bad by comparison,
but the figures don't give a true
picture of the proceedings. Green
Bay gained 1873 yards to WASH
ington's LA on the ground, and
travelled 1875 yards on IL COM
pletions in Is tries, while the
Redskins went 124 yards on II
competitions in 81 attempts.
It was hard hitting game
with tackle Jim Ricca of the
Redskins getting kayoed early in
the first period. Ricca suffered
mild conclusion and had to
leave the game, but returned in
street clothes to watch the sec
ond half from the bench.
Bill Forester and Dave Steph-
enson of the Packers, and
Gene Pepper and George Rosso
of the Redskins were warned for
unnecessary roughness.
Green Bay -------- z 10 z 7-31
Touchdowns-Cone, Carmichael, ELI
OFT, Switzer Points after touchdown
Cone a placements). Field goals
Green Bay-Cone, 22 yards. Redskins
-Agajanlan. 33 yards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Cien7niecH Shows 1852 Form
As CIV Scrin1moges BeIvoir

backf1eld with Ciemnleckl yeSter-
day were Bob Sturm at quarter
back. Bill Weaver at right half
and Joe Boland at fullback. Be-
land may be remembered as the
boy who counted four touch
downs in one game last year and
ended the season tied with Wea-
yer for scoring honors.
In addition to Ciemniecki
yesterday. Weaver got away for
a number Of good gains.
Arnie Tranen, held out last
year because of an early injury.
spelled Sturm as the first-team
quarterback yesterday and, when
given proper protection, did
some very good passing.
Quarterback Spot Strong.
With Tranen developing well,
the Colonials appear in good
shape for quarterbacks. They
also have Skinny Safer, who is
especially good on defense. as
an experienced player there, and
yesterday Sherman announced
that a freshman. Dick Claypool,
who played in the service at Nor
folk Naval Base. has shown SO
well in the scrimmages that he
is being moved up to the "a
squad.
Another freshman, 205-pound
Bill Berry from Coaldale, Pa,
was used in the starting lineup
as al tackle and acquitted him
self well. In fact there was
only one senior. Co-capt. Pat
Kober at END. In the whole line.
If Sherman used the men
he had yesterday as his starters
against the Deacons Saturday
his front line will average a
hair over 200 pounds. In addi-
ton to Kober and Berry, he had
George Dancu at end. Bill Nc
Henry at tackle. Ed Sakach and
Bob Sutton at guards and Dick
Gaspari at center.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Willie Troy of Washington and

Willie Troy Of Washington and
Walter Cartier of New York
move into Washington tomorrow
to complete training for their To-
round middleweight fight Friday
night at Turner's Arena.
Both have been working in
New York, and both will finish
their drills at Dudley's Gym with
public workouts Tuesday and
Wednesday.
Cartier will train at 1870 pm
the two days and Troy at $50.
Troy, ranked sixth among con-
tenders for Bobo Olson's middle
weight championship, is reported
already near his peak for what
will be only his fourth fight in
his home town. He lost on a
knockout to Holly Minis, his first
setback after 10 wins, and later
returned to win in convincing
style over Lee Sala and Randy
Sandy.
sRegains Prestige. q
Both were knockout victories,
and the Sandy bout particularly
was a fine showing for Troy. II
returned to the Washington slug
ger the high rating he lost in
the Minis bout and started Sc
rious talk about Troy eventually
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Final Round Set Today
In MARYLAND Scotch Golf
Special Dispoteh 10 The Star

BALTIMORE, Sept. 1.-THE
final Is holes of the Maryland
State Golf Association scotch
foursome championship will be
played tomorrow at the Country
Club Of Maryland with the field
trying to catch Bobby Brownell
and Ralph Bogart of Chevy
Chase.
BroWnell and Bogart enjoyed
a 4-stroke lead after the first
10 holes Of play at the Wood
mont Country Club near Wash
ington Friday. turning in a q
under-par 70.
Two other pairs were tied at
IA, Gil Willett and George Voigt
of Prince Georges and Or. WAL
ter Panowski and Eddie john
ston OF the Country Club of
Maryland. Two strokes further
back was another tie, William
McFerren and Ben Hartig of
Manor Country Club, and Maury
Bailey and Bob Jones Of Hillen-
dale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Green Bay Hands
Redskins 31-3Lacing
For 5ih Loss In Row
Continued from Page Gil

eConClnued from Page C-1.)
trouble without much difficulty.
The most exciting play Of the
night was AL Carmichael's 95-
yard touchdown run with the
kickoff. following Agajanian's
field goal. That was the clincher
for the Packers. who looked out
standing for Lisle Blackburn,
their new coach.
Carmichael, formerly of South
ern California, also got OF q So
yard run that was nullified by
q clipping penalty.
The Packers went Sc yards for
their first touchdown. after JUS
tice fumbled attempting to punt.
Breezy Reid and Tobin Rote
spanked the attack before Fred
Cone carried the bali over from
the two-yard line and added the
extra point.
Cone kicked a 22-yard field
goal in the second quarter to
give the Packers a 100 lead, but
missed a, 52-yard try In the
fourth period.
Sets Up Another Score.
Carmichael's long dash made
it II to 3 just before the end of
the half, and the former South
ern California star set up the
fourth six-pointer early in the
third quarter. Bud Roffler took
Justices punt on Green Bays
47-yard line and lateraled to
Carmichael, who went all the
way to Washington's four before
Choo Choo caught him at an
angle and threw him out of
bounds.
Rote passed to Stretch Elliott.
one-time Virginia end, for the
touchdown on the next play.
Veryl Switzer, speedy Negro
rookie from Kansas State, scored
Green Bays final touchdown on
an 18-yard run that capped a
90-yard advance. Switzer, who
didn't show much in the first
half, later-almost got away
from the firing Redskins for an
other touchdown, but was
brought down on the Washing
ton "a after returning a, punt 80
yards.
Scarbath, Dor0w Divide Duties.
The Packers didn't use Bobby
Garrett of Stanford at quarter
back until the fourth period, but
he showed signs of real ability
at times. His passes accounted
for SO yards in the Packers last
touchdown drive.
Jack Scarbath played all but
the third quarter for the Red
skins. AL Dorow took over in
that period but was erratic with
most of his pitches. II
| The Redskins had four scoring
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Four Teams Survive
In Virginia Oman Golf
BY the Associated Press

STAUNTON, Va, Sept. IL
Roanoke Country Club. the Her
mitage Club of Richmond, Farm
ington Club of Charlottesville
and Hampton Golf Association
qualified today for tomorrow's
semifinals and finals in the Vir-
ginia six-man golf championship.
Roanoke led with total score
of 465 while the favored Hamp-
ton entry last years winner.
barely made it in a playoff
against the James River Coun-
try Club of Newport News after
both turned in 472 scores.
Twenty-three clubs played in
today's qualifying tests. Among
those failing to qualify were the
Fairfax Courthouse Club with
SOL and the Fairfax Country
Club with 400.
Fairfax Country Club t499)-C. W.
Beach, 81; x. Hanlon. SO; F. Proulx; "a;
A. Halperin. 70; H. Gould, So: J. Muir
pl Fairfax Fla Courthouse Country Club t5o1,
q H. Osborne, so; Omar Carey; 3!
smith, g.; Danny Kapitan, 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

after him. II he follows through.
the return fight could be even
more exciting than their first
thriller.
"He won't be waiting, and I
won't be either" the Cincinnati
Negro said. "He starts slow; and
that's my chance"
Hell be more confident this
time" Marciano said. "He prob
ably thinks I don't punch as
hard as they said ] could. ] hope
he does come after me. It'll be
exciting, all right.
Going IS rounds for the first
time proved something to me.
too" the 30-year-old champion
added. 1.-THE way I ended up
after Is, I won't be afraid to
start faster. I can go harder. At
the end really felt I could go
five more against him"
The possibilities Of an ex-
plosive battle and the glowing
reports of those who saw the
first one have been reflected at
the box office.
Bout to Be Broadcast.
Promoter Jim Norris said he
hoped to at least equal the 47,585
crowd and $543,092 gate of the
June affair. The 15-rounder
starting at 1890 pm. will not be
telecast into homes but will be
beamed over closed circuit into
theaters from coast to coast with
New York City and New England
BACKED out.
p CHS will broadcast the bout
coast to coast and movies will
be taken for post-fight show
afgs.
Theater-TV added about $685.
900, radio $35, 900 and the movies
at least that to the pot, earning
Rocky about $250,000 and
Charles $125. 900 for their last
one. They should do as well on
their 1920 split of the income
In the second.
!. Rocky expects to weigh around
1875, about 2la pounds less than
he scaled in June. Charles hopes
to tip the beam at 1873.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Capitol and Lincoln
Theoters to Show
Title Fight on TV

Two theaters in Washing
ton, the Capitol and Lincoln,
will have theater television
of the Marciano-C Charles
fight Wednesday mig hit.
There will be no home tel
evision.
The Capitol seats 3,432
and the Lincoln 1900.
The ticket price for both
houses Is $3.50, with the
Capitol also getting 81 for
mezzanine seats. No seats
are reserved. but tickets are
being sold to the capacity Of
the theaters only.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Eagles Defeat Cords
In Exhibition, 300
BY the Associated Press

ST. LOUIS, Sept. 1.-THE
Philadelphia Eagles defeated the
Chicago Cardinals, 800, in an
exhibition game here, tonight.
The Eagles jumped to a 100
lead in the first quarter, added
a touchdown in the second
period, and made the game a
romp with Is points in the final
quarter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
kiceIi Beats Bud Smith,
But Fans Boo Verdict
BY the Associated Press

y " HtV NsSceIoIou FFoss
z CINCINNATI, Sept. 11.-Joe
Miceli. New York. won a split
decision over Wallace (Bud)
Smith, Cincinnati, in an over
weight boxing contest here to-
night. The decision Of the ma
tionally televised bout was loudly
booed.
Smith weighed in at l40k
while Miceli made lat, after
having to shadow box for few
minutes to take of one-hal1
pound.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Ted Zinnomon Takes
Norbeck Blind Boqey

Ted cinnamon scored 107-30-
II to win yesterdays blind DOGGY
tournament at Norbeck Country
Club.
Others leaders were Herb Zan-
of, 106-30-76; Harry Halls. 109-
800, and w. B. Gross, 108-30
--78.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
De Marco FIGHT OFF

NEW YORK. Sept. II B.-
The lightweight title fight be-
tween Champion Paddy DeMarco
and Challenger Jimmy Carter.
scheduled for San Francisco Sep
TENDER 40. was definitely post
poned early today because Of an
injury to DeMarco's left elbow,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Dodgers Sign Shortstop

BROOKLYN. Sept. IL R.-
The Dodgers today signed James
P. Walsh, 21-year-old shortstop
from Albany. N. Y. &
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12
Ottawa Bounces Back
To Down Toronto, 72-5

TORONTO, Sept. II (P).-The
Ottawa Rough Riders. their
split-T attack operating smoothly
and with dazzling effect. upset
the Toronto Argonauts, 1875,
today for their first victory of
the Big Four football season.
The crowd of 1870 saw a
vastly improved Ottawa club
that lost the opening game here
three weeks ago. 1875. Led by
halfbacks Avatus Stone, Gene
(Choo Choo) Roberts and Billy
Bass and Quarterback Johnny
Granting, the Riders were in
command throughout.
OTTAWA a < 10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

1 1esonto --- s g ia
Scoring: Ottawa. touchdowns-Bass
Stone, Conversions - Roberts Single -
Stone. Toronto. touchdown-Shatto.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-09-12

First-Line Tires Are Safe Heavier,
rugged. long-wearing tread. Big, he
CAN SEE AND FEEL THE DIFFEREr
to gamble with your family's safety 70
inferior end or 3rd line tires Of ANY
Fisk, Firestone, Armstrong or Mohaw
FIRST-LINE TIRES in these makes.
. First-Line tire?" Then compare pr
are lower.