davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-08-28
CONTINUED From Page BID

1COntlnueQ from rage Bill
and more convenient, and by
the variety of new equipment
and materials used.
"I believe women, In particu-
lar, will be interested IN in
specting the homes this year."
Mr.. Phillips said.
after examining the plans
and specifications of all the
entries, / sat down and an
alyzed the factors that seemed
to- me to be most influential
in the design of these houses
of many types and styles.
Those factors could be
summarized somewhat as fol-
lows:
Il. The increasing use of
private automobiles as a neces-
sary part of family transpor-
tation. and the need of the
home to take this into account.
20. The increasing depend
ence of the family on its own
resources for cooking. cleaning,
and care of the home, and the
resulting need to have the
house time-saving and con-
venient.
3. The change in the grocery
buying habits of many families,
and the need for easy accesi-
bility of the kitchen.
a. Television and all that it's
onset on the scene has meant
to the American family, espe-
cially so far as the greater
need it creates for rooms
where members of the family
not wishing to hear and see
television can pursue their
own interests.
"5. An increasing interest in
site planning and orientation.
to allow for a better view, SUM-
light in the wintertime, and
improved ventilation in the
summertime.
IS The conStruition-cost
level as it encourages uses Of
new building techniques and
new materials.
What impressed me greatly
was~that houses are being built
where people can follow their
own bent, Notwithstanding the
pervading influence of tele-
vision.
Since World War II, hous-
ing has been going through a
real revolution. The places to
be shown during the Fall Fes-
tival of Homes will give those
who visit them a real insight
into the advances that have
been made. Many houses
show wide departures from the
past in architecture, in ma
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25
.ariyn Is Back

HOLLYWOOD u Newlywed
Marilyn Monroe Is reported back
in town by her studio and the
same source says her husband,
Joe DiMaggio, is in New York for
. ~ show.
The studio spokesman said he
did not know where the famous
couple spent their honeymoon or
when she returned to Hollywood.
Although the studio suspended
Marilyn when she left a few weeks
ago, It relented after she married
DiMaggio and extended a deadline
from Jan. 20 to today for her to
start on q film In which she has
the leading role.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25

In Rome to overwheIm them with
- Inagnificence.
50 Workers
So massive and beautifsi was
this set that even with the $50
people that were employed on II,
lit seemed no more crowded than
IA summer resort IN mid-January.
Two hundred twenty-five feet Hong
land ninety-five wide, Il was a mass
lot marble walls, heavy candelabra,
columns and multicolored drap-
leries. AT the south end was The
throne area with the throne an ex-
|act replica Of the original ii the
famed Paris Louvre Museum.
Everything about and including
The Robe has the handmade
look. Wardrobes for the thousands
ia the cast we're either OF hand
woven fabrics dyed II ancient pro-
cess or faded to irreproducible
shades; sculpt0rs, woodcarvers,
jewellers, cosmeticians worked ca
|gerly 10 make the actors genuine"
Roman citizens.
Behind the cameras 90 record
these efforts in the new screen pro-
cess was Slime Academy Award
winner. Leon Shamroy, noted for
his celor photography. Cinema
Scope makes possible the feeling
OF participatin - goal Of the earl
lest Greek dramatists, and the new
stere0phonic sound, enabling vib-
rati0ns to come from the exact
point of origin, contributes further
TO the lfelike vitality Of the film.
The sum total Of the efforts ex-
pended for ''The Robe gives proof
that the motion picture Is q COLA
borative art requiring the perfect
blending Of the efforts and talents
Of thousands.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25

|ary because d long delays On the
stmunreleased film, aJet Plot. |"
The picture was made four years
ago ct q cost d four million dol
lars ard probably win be released
sometime this year. Cutting and
dubbing work Is responsible for
the delay, says Hughes. He added:
Wayne worked no longer than
usual il this. The delay has been
only In releasing. He GOT his reg.
ular pay, around 500. O00.
And Janet Leigh's costumes
wiz not be out Of style. She plays
q Russian flier in the movie al
though she was . newcomer when
the film was made, Hughes says
she hasn't appeared TO better adj
vantage In any movie since.
Hollywood often thinks Of Hughes
90 q grim, ruthless, domineering
man. But talking to him over the
EdAn, &c Was cndIminB, ea6y-k0lnB,
Laughing heartily and often.
He laughs most at the tales about
him which don't involve his bus
mess judgment. Like the one that
Lana Turner, in anticipation Of
marriage. once had sheets mono
grammed 'H.H.' and he suggested
she marry Huntington Hartford.
Hughes denied that story was
true.
But be Is deeply concerned about
some Of the other stories. Almost
without exception, he denies them.
Yet he comedies that his unortiio-
dox way Of doing business probably
is at the root Of most Of them.
RKO minority stockholders, he
believes, sometimes use stories
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25

gestive.n One critic had said ne
camera peered Peeping Tom-lke
at her famous figure.
There's one thing about an inter.
view with Hughes. II leaves you
feeling that he may be Holywood's
most misunderstood citizen. He can
laugh. and tell stories, and be com.
pletely relaxed. It's 4 shame he
doesn't get around more and meet
more people. even in q car On
a stormy night.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25
- JAMES BACON

HOLLYWOOD W-Hm.rd
PES owns one Of HolIywood,s
.or motion picture studios. In
has never been inside 4
e confirmed that long -circuIaset
ser 70 2 rare personal inter.
~, sitting n his inexpenslve. 4
rod car On q darkened airfielt
! driving ran.
Is own story: ssI have neve,
- h the place.
- q quarter century a sn1
16gnnd Hollywood, Hughes 1900
Van . handful Of interviews 81
Eess conferences. OccasIonaIly. ,
gurter gets to talk with him,
y ! have, but rs j casual meet
izg occidental, brief but pleasant,
3 wi1en you write about tlle
ixlSzous lie Of this multImilIion,
eigs. you do / largely without hi.
keip.
ne dark. rain-drenched sestins
81 this interview sounds typical
~ the way Hughes always trie.
u Keep IN the shadows. But /,
wasn't. He was planning TO fly
out Of t0En, 20 the airport wa.
3 eonvenient spot.
He wanted 10 talk about some
~ the stories which have grown
~ around him--and which he 81
Ais corps Of press agents never
took the trouble to deny. In fact
sometimes his publicity men have
almost - hard 4 time CATCHING
him - do neWspapermen.
One O the stories told me b,
. most reliable source-is tina
John Wayne drew $780, 200 h saI
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25

Hughes expressed ama1ement
that Jane would dub the original
outfit little more than a G-string
and two small bra patches He
offered to show me pictures Of
the costume she said she baked
Al, adding:
And III also screen the pic
ture for You so you can see that
no trick camera angles were used
TO make James dance more sug-
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25

Hughes. who has = reputation
ior being unpredictahle, calls his
most famous discovery-Jane Rus
sell. star Of both "The Outlaw
and French Line"-unpredictahle
You never know what shes go
ing to say"
Jane said she warred win the
studio over her costume for
French Line" and finally wore
one that, compared with what she
was first offered. looked like an
oyercoat."
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25
ard But Interesting

The fins premiere run started
Dec. ., and is scheduled to end
tomorrow. A police morality squad
cited two scenes as Objectionable,
but authorities took no action.
Hughes maintains that The
Outlaw" vas never cut . foot. II
was given . C Cor eondemnedl rat
ing by the Legion Of Decency on
ITS first release. Hughes later
agreed to revisions which made il
3 rating, or morally Objectionable
In part. He says the revisions per-
tanned only to advertising.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25

about him a The basis for law-
suits. This can c0st plenty, be says.
He tells of one magazine article,
highly critical II his management
|of the studio.
-one stakeholder then came to
court with the article pasted on
cardboard and the lawyers ques-
toned me about i, paragraph for
paragraph
that's one reason be doesn't like
|publieity. He Is one d the nations
more famous courtroom regulars.
There was once" be recalled
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25

fOndly. s'when I went 4 couple a
years without litigation. !"
he released both The Outlaw
and the current French Line"
without seals Of approval from the
Motion Picture Assn. One surpris-
ing claim from Hughes: Neither
has been cut because Of censor
trouble.
French Line in its original
uncut version still Is running in
st Louis and viii continue to do
50 until the customers decide
otherwise" Hughes said.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1954-01-25
The Robe Was Filmed At An
Overall Cost OF 100000

In the very beginning there was
only the book - ''The Robe. = and
eight paintings BY famed arts
Dean Cornweil who had visuaiized
some 1t the great moments IN the
Lloyd G. Douglas novel that has
enjoyed worldwide leadership.
From this, over $5Oo,OO0 worth
Of sets depicting Rome, Jerusalem
and Capri were built for the fin.
ashed product that Is the first Gin.
emaScCpe motion picture IN color
BY Technicclor which opens It's en-.
gagoment here starting Wednesday
- the Strand Theatre. This long.
awaited film event which stars
Richard Burton, Jean Simmons,
Victor Mature and Michael Rem
ME with q cast upwads az 5000
b historically significant. II Is the
most deliberately painstaking giant
project yet attempted by Holly.
wood In the super colossal field AZ
On overall cost 1t 5000 900.
Construction began in the Office
of art director George Davis with
the first sketch, moved slowly
stone BY stone until the final phas-
g. for the greatest dress rehearsal
n motion picture filming was stag.
cd before the anxious eyes Of the
producer, Frank Ross; the direc-
Cor, Henry Roster and chief Of pro-
duction Daryl +. Zanuck 1T the
TMentieth Century-Fox studios.
ThlFiy.ene SETS
Sound stage after sound stage
rebuilt the glory that was Rome,
the tragedy that was Jerusalem,
In The famed story Of the man who
cruelfied Christ and gambled for
His Robe. All told there were 81
Bsts holding 10000 props - each .
replica Of an authentic museum
piece - to tel the tale that touch.
% on "a areas Of the far-dune
Roman Empire. The set for the
Crucifixion. inspirational focal poin,
Tor the whole drama, alone cost
e5S,0O0 for 4 scene that took only
six pages Ia the script, four days
20 shoot and Is minutes In the final
hlm. Clasps Of awe invOluntarily
escaped from visiting spectators
when they glimpsed the barren hill
with is three crosses starlly sill.
hCnekted against the 650-fcot PIANO.
Tamic background that shows Jeru.
salem and the Surrounding hills
and valleys.
These same visitors could wand.
or through the streets and cata-
combs Of first century Rome and
by-ways Of Jerusalem that were
extended through eight Of the stu.
dos l6 sound stages as well al
% per cent of the SO-acre backlot.
These stages required twice the
candiepcwer to light than was used
IN the actual city Of Rome at the
time Ct the story.
Whereas the Calvary set inspir-
g . respectful and thoughtful
silence, then setting for q Roman
bath and adjacent tavern brought
out . volley Of exclamation on its
modernity: the sets Of the ancient
slave market and the summer pal.
ace ot Tiberils On the Isle Of Ca
pri drew ordinations Of parise-
worthy comment, but Il remained
Or the Emperor Caligula's palace
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
The Con Of 1t

Litigants opposing school
segregation. claim, in general,
that it is essentially discrimi-
nation and, therefore denies to
Negroes the fundamental rights
guaranteed to all Americans.
They denounce segregation, no
matter how fairly" conducted,
as putting a badge of inferior
ity on Negroes and robbing
them of genuine equality of
educational opportunity with
whites.
They want the Supreme
Court to order outright aboli-
ton of such segregation. They
urge it to strike down the
separate but = equal doctrine
which, they add. has been al
ready Clipped away to q con-
siderable extent in recent de-
cisions. The fact that several
State constitutions require
school segregation is no bar
rier to Supreme Court action.
they insist. Rights to which
all citizens are entitled under
the Federal Constitution can
not be blocked by State consti-
tutions or statutes. they say.
AS for the District, they
complain that segregation on
the basis of race or color is
particularly deplorable in the
Nations Capital. They assert
that it violates not only the
fifth amendment but also the
civil rights laws. national pol
icy, and certain opportunities
guaranteed under the United
Nations Charter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
The Pro Of 1t

In reply, the District gov
eminent does not debate the
Brightness or wrongneSs" of
school segregation. But it
holds to its stand that con-
gresSional enactments require
the maintenance of a dual sys-
tenn here and that this does
not do violence to the Federal
Constitution or civil rights
guarantees. They comment
that IF the time has come to
integrate the schools of the
District" such a change should
be voted by Congress and not
ordered by the Supreme Court.
The Justice Department be-
lieves that school segregation
should be ended if only be-
cause the 14th amendment
''compels a State to grant ben
ef1ts of public education to
all its people equally without
regard to differences of race
or color" Attorney General
Brownell's brief says this is
the basic question: Is there
equality between persons? Not:
is there equality between
schools? .A
Virginia and South Carolina
declare that segregation is all
right under the Federal Con-
stitution and in full accord
with the proper powers of the
individual States. They de-
fend it also as being in the
best interests of the Negroes.
They see a possibility that
school segregation eventually
will cease. But they empha-
size that any cessation or
change must come from the
action of their State Legisla-
lures because Congress and
the courts have no authority
to force such action.
Kansas and Delaware, while
not so emphatic, look upon the
fate Of school segregation in
a State as necessarily and
constitutionally in the hands
of the State.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
By Jerry o'Leory, j..

but isn't for a good economic
reason: Most beer-ylrinkers
enjoy a glass of book in the
springtime for the novelty of
it. but soon get their fill and
go back to the light variety.
Legend in Name
Even the name Of the
springtime drink is messed up
with q lot Of legend. The
popular notion Is that there
is some mystical symbolism
somewhere involving a goat,
since the word Book" Is Ger
man for Billy Whiskers. Not
so. say brewery-lore experts.
Rather, what philologists call
the law Of Hobson Johson
gave the beer it's name. The
first heavy. dark beer of this
type was brewed in the town
of Einbeck, near Hamburg, as
long ago as 1908. It was
popular with the medieval
trade. and since nothing sue
ceeds like success, the Bava-
rian brewmasters around
Munich started initiating it.
They produced an "Einbeck"
beer. and in short order
"Einbeck" became "ein Book"
"a goat. Illiteracy was the
rule rather than the excep-
ton in those days, so tap
rooms hung up signs depict
ing goats head, and in the
fullness of time the goat be-
came the symbol of book beer.
Because book was a German
invention. one might think it
lmmigrated to the United
States with the big Teutonic
wave in the mid-l800s. But
even this idea is wrong. Book
has been a springtime trad8-
ton in this country since
Revolutionary days.
Getting down to hard COM
mercial cases. the reason for
book beer seems to be that
brewers sales generally slump
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

The Cases

District of Columbia. Par
ents Of several Negro children
sought a District Court order
to compel school authorities to
admit them to Sousa Junior
High School after they were
refused admission in Septem-
Der. 1850. Judge Walter M.
Bastian dismissed the plea. He
followed a United States Court
of Appeals decision upholding
the separate-but-equal doc
trine in an earlier case here.
He said the issue nevertheless
would make history when it
reached the Supreme Court.
Virginia. This case origi-
mated in Prince Edward County
and concerned high schools. A
three-judge Federal court in
March, 1852. directed county
authorities to equalize Negro
and white school facilities
with all reasonable diligence
and speed" But it upheld the
segregation as required by the
Virginia State constitution.
That court described such seq
regatior as. way Of life" and
said 1t did mo harm to either
race"
South Carolina. Once before
this case reached the Supreme
Court as a result of a suit
started by Negro parents and
pupils against officials of
School District % in Clarendon
County. A three-judge Federal
court in 1851 agreed unani-
mously that the Negro schools
were inferior. 1t ordered that
equal facilities be provided "as
soon as humanity possible. But
two of the judges felt that
segregation was constitutional.
This was appealed to the Su-
preme Court. which returned
the litigation for further lower
court consideration. The three
judge Federal panel heard the
matter again. in March, 1852.
1t found that satisfactory
progress was being made in
equalizing schools, and suS-
tanned segregation.
Kansas. When this suit was
begun by Negro parents in 1851
in Topeka. segregation was
practiced only in the elemen-
tary schools of that city in
accordance with a State per-
missive law, applying to cities
of more than $4,000 popula-
ton. A three-judge Federal
court, although observing that
segregation was detrimental"
to Negro children, saw moth
ing unconstitutional about the
Kansas law and the system
In Topeka.
DelGtDdre. This case differs
from the four others in that a
state court ordered admission
Of Negro children to two white
schools in Wilmington because
Negro schools were inadequate.
The State Supreme Court up
held this order. but did not
pass on the question of consti-
tutionality. State authorities
appealed to the United States
Supreme Court.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
The Issues

The main question before
the high court is whether racial
segregation in public schools.
especially at the elementary
and secondary level, is in it
self contrary to the 14th
amendment, and to the fifth
amendment in the case of the
District.
The fifth amendment. part
Of the Bill of Rights. provides
among other things that no
person shall "be deprived of
life, liberty or property with
out due process of law" The
14th amendment, adopted in
1868, provides in its first sec
ton that no State shall de
prive any person of life, liberty
or property without due proc
ess of law. nor deny to any
person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the
laws"
Direct Attack
While several of the cases
contained claims that separate
schools In the various commit
mites were not equal, the con-
soiidated challenge carried to
the Supreme Court directly
attacks validity of segregation
itself, whether or not facilities
are on a par for both races.
That is likewise the basic
point in the attack on the
Districts school system. Since
the District is within the juris-
diction of Congress, there is
the special question as to
whether congressional enact
ments relating to schools ever
actually required segregation
and, II 50. whether such laws
were constitutional. Segre-
gated public schools have OPP
Grated here under those laws
| passed before the Civil War.
The Supreme Court has
never yet ruled conclusively on
constitutionality Of segregation
of races in the public schools.
1t, of course. has ruled often
on segregation suits of various
kinds. including educational.
AS recently as 1850 it ordered
Negro students admitted to
graduate schools Ia several
State universities. !.
The courts most debated
ruling in the field Of segrega-
tion and the one that would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14

secure full and complete
equality for Negroes under the
law and to abolish all legal
distinctions based on race, or
color. They suggested that the
five cases be returned to lower
courts with directions to
carry out the Supreme Courts
decision as expeditiously as
the particular circumstances
permit" They recommended
that State and District au-
thorities be given about a
year in which to effect
transition.
Attorneys tor Negro appel
lGnts. A consolidated presen-
tation in behalf of Negro chill
dren refused admission to
white schools in the States,
and an accompanying brief
for the District group held
that the 14th amendment
was aimed at all forms Of
racial discrimination and "any
sort of caste system" They
urged the court to end segre-
CATION outright. While mot
asking the impossible" and
recognizing that some adj
ministrative adjustments can
not be made overnight, they
found mo compelling reasons"
why the States and the Dis
trict could not be ordered to
achieve indignation by the
beginning Of the next school
year in September.
In a supplementary brief.
parents of Negro children in
Delaware dispute the States
contention that no constitu-
tional question exists in their
case. They recall that Della
ware never ratified the 14th
amendment. They complain
that Negro education in Della
ware has always suffered
from constitutional and statu-
tory enactments which are the
heritage Of a slave system"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
By Robert K. Welsh

Almost any Monday from
now until June will seem an
eternity Of suspense to news
men, lawyers and others
awaiting the Supreme Courts
decision on racial segregation
in public schools.
It may be handed down to-
morrow, or perhaps early next
month or maybe not until the
last day of the courts current
term which ordinarily ends in
the. first week of June. But
when the ruling does come it
can be expected to be one OF
the most momentous in the
history of the tribunal.
The elements mixed in the
five pending cases, including
one challenging the Districts
segregated public school sys-
TEN. are as deep-rooted and
far-reaching as any that have
confronted the court in almost
o century.
Here is the background Of
the cases.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-03-14
No Natter How Segregation Ruling Goes There Be Litigation

collapse If the court decided
that school segregation is un-
constitutional was: handed
down in 1896. In "Plessy VS..
Ferguson" the tribunal laid
down the doctrine that seq
regation is constitutional as
long as separate facilities for
Negroes and whites are equal.
That opinion sustained q
Louisiana law for segregation
of train passengers. It men,
toned. in passing. that States
had been permitted to operate
segregated schools.
Subsequent decisions never
oyerruled "Plessy VS.. Fergu-
son." Some of them, particu-
larly those In the last few
years in the university cases.
were regarded as making it
increasingly difficult If not
practically impossible for
States to maintain absolutely
equal facilities in separate edu-
cational institutions, at least
above the grade and high
school level.