davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27
SenotG

So in the past three congresses,
the 90 Senators have seen totals OF
20. 20 and 26 Of their members pass
from the scene. And the 4S5 Repre-
ventativeS have said good-by to II,
S6 and q whopping 131 lawmakers.
Attrition thus has amounted to be-
tween 20 and 80 per cent Of each
house In each Congress.
The turnover from defeat 1T the
polls is, Of course, easy to explain:
You can't win 'em all. (Three Con-
gressmen already have gone down in
reelection bids - Representatives
Robert CroSSer, Democrat, OF Ohio,
and Homer D. Angel. Republican,
of oregon, and Senator Alton A.
Lennon, Democrat. Of North Caro-
lima, lost in prlmariesO
Reasons for Quitting
But the number of voluntary re-
tirementS is less easily explained.
In the House many members drop
out while shooting for bigger game.
At the end of the 82d Congress IL
Representatives quit to run for the
Senate, six to try for the governor
ship of their States. In the previous
Congress, nine tried for the Senate,
five for Governor.
Most, however, simply retire. In
the Senate, where only a presidency.
vice presidency, Supreme Court seat
or cabinet post is usually considered
a Job worth resigning for, most vol
untary retirementS are for personal
reasons.
Many step down because Of
health. Others find their congress
sional salaries will not cover a
Washington and a home-State resi-
dence, frequent trips, back and
forth, required entertainment and q
reelection campaign every second
or sixth year. So they quit to make
more money.
Some retire out Of sheer frustra-
ton. In the House especially new
Congressman will discover that
seniority rules and arduous Grand
boy work for constituents give him
little time to work on legislation
the job that 1ured him to Con-
gress.
Many retirementS have been
announced recently. Senators Ed
win johnson, Democrat, Of Colorado.
and Robert C.. Hendrickson, Re
publican, Of New Jersey will quit.
Senator johnson gave a common
reason, though one not often an
nounced publicly: His wife refused
to live any longer away from her
home State.
Twenty-Five Representatives have
announced their retirementS at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27

Of Ohio, died last summer and was
replaced by q Democrat. Tom Burke.
That put the Republicans behind
the Democrats, Al to 48. Then Les.
ter C. Hunt, Democrat, Of Wyoming.
took his life this month. He viii
be replaced by a Republican, put
ting the G. o. p. back on top. 80
to At. Independent Wayne Morse
of Oregon is the remaining Senator).
Other Senate deaths were Willis
Smith, Democrat. of North Caro-
lima; Charles w. Tobey, Republican.
Of New Hampshire: Dwight P. Girls
void, Republican, Of Nebraska, and
Clyde r. Hoey, Democrat, Of North
Carolina.
Legislators are not all short-nved.
however. The oldest, and one Of the
nveliest. Is Senator Theodore Fran.
els Green, Democrat, Of Rhode Is
land, who is SO. Four other Senator'S
are over IS. The oldest Represents
tive is Robert Crosser, defeated In
the primary. who is 80. A good
number boast more than IS years.
Fourteen men in history have
served 40 years or more in Congress.
including Sam Rayburn, Democrat.
of Texas. present minority leader in
the House. Representative Carl Vim
son, Democrat. Of Georgia. will enter
that select circle on his 10th ami
versary this fall.
It should be quite a celebration
for Mr.. Vinson-he1l be 18th in
seniority among a grand total Of
the 1926 men who have been mem
bers of Congress since March 4.
1889.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27

fantastic in the idea that mere
carelessness can be worse than an
invading army. but it is the truth.
The reason that we do not see 1t
is that the worst Of the damage
falls, not upon us. but upon our
children and grandchildren. A man
can live pretty well by robbing the
soil for one lifetime; but those
who come after him will pay the
price.
The earth belongs to the living,
said Jefferson, but he meant that
the living have the right to use it
in the way that will contribute most
to their well-being. He did not mean
that they have a right to abuse it
to the detriment of all following
generations. It is entirely possible
for a man to draw a comfortable
living from farm, yet leave the
land to his heirs in better condition
than it was when he received it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27
Fov If the Fast Buck Ruins More Farm Land Than Soge Of War

except for what he can get out Of
it. It is conservation now that APP
peals to the man who is more in
terested in q steady, lasting income
than he is in making a fast buck
today regardless of what may hap
pen to him next year. 1t is conser-
walton now that appeals to sub
stantial citizens rather than to
sharpshooters.
The greatest danger facing Amer
lea today is not invasion and con-
quest by the Communists or any
other outside enemy. It is the fact
that so many of our own people
belong to the grasShopper type. in
tereSted only in what they may
gather today. go to the ant. thou
sluggard," says Scripture and 1t is
as good advice today as it was two
thousand years ago. Every muddy
stream flowing down to the sea is
carrying off thousands of tons OF
invaluable topSoil that will not be
available to the next generation
nor. for that matter, to this gen.
Grafton next year. Every eroded
field means poverty not only to its
living farmer but to all who may
hold the land after him.
Foresight Needed
The destiny of this country hangs
upon it's ability to produce citizens
who can see beyond the profit OF
the next six months and consider
what is going to happen next year,
and the year after and in the gen.
Grafton after this one. The men
who founded the republic had that
quality. When they adopted the
Declaration of Independence in 1776
they were not looking forward merely
to 1777. They had in mind 1877
and 1877 and all the years there
after.
It is because they could look ahead
that this country today is rich and
prosperous beyond all precedent. If
we, today, are half as competent
as they were, the country a hum
dred years hence will be greater
than it is now, and future genera
tons will have cause to bless us
as we bless the men of 1776. BY
the same token, if we strip the land
of its fertility, the inhabitants OF
a feeble and poverty-stricken Ma
ton a hundred years hence will
have cause to curse US.
The campaign for conservation
now reaches far beyond the here
and now. It will profit US imme-
diately, but by far the greater part
Of the profit viii accrue in the days
that are TO come.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27
CosuoI but Precise

SQS00t wv bbC$SS
For all the average observer could
tell, Mr.. Eden was asleep. Slumped
In his seat, eyes half CLOSED, head
back (to catch the whispered words
Of his private interpreter) there was
often little to indicate an active
mind at work. When it came time
for him to speak, the act continued.
With an air of great abstraction,
Mr.. Eden would remove his horn
trimmed spectacleS 1t was quite
clear that he had never seen them
before. The strange objects would
be studied infinitely from all angles.
held to the light, busted critically
and finally readjusted carefully on
the ministerial nose.
BY the time he started speaking,
his audience would be sitting on
the edge of their chairs. His words
were casual, offhand, with scarcely a
glance for the laboriously prepared
text on the table before him. The
text was followed, to be sure, with
exactnesS. But the illusion was
perfect-an illusion which COM
pletely dissolved the painstaking
bureaucratic effort and left only the
brilliant statesman. commenting
spontaneously on the point at issue.
In the technical business of
diplomacy. Mr.. Eden is without a
serious rival in the western world
today. At Geneva, he has almost
single-handedly kept alive the hope
Of q settlement In Indo-China.
Whether or not this was fruitful
effort depends on what happens and
on the point Of view. But it was at
least completely in line with British
hopes for the Geneva conference
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27

have quit before their term was over.
Usually the announced reason has
been financial, Q combination Of
pressing obligations and high-pay-
ing Job that couldn't wait. Ill health
is seldom q reason for sudden resig-
nation. An Ill Congressman can go
home, turn his work over to his staff
and vote long-distance through
pairs" If he wants to.
The Deoth Toll
It Is not surprising that death
takes q good number Of Congress
men each year. The lawmakers are
well along In average age CT In the
Senate, 81 In the House,, they work
hard and they have had strenuous
lives.
DESPITE the prominence given Con-
gressional deaths in the newspapers
in this Congress, the mortality rate
has been lower than usual. In the
House only six men have died-a
tribute perhaps to the poor aim Of
the Puerto Rican terroristS who shot
up the House March /.
The six were Adolph ]. SABBATH,
Democrat, of Illinois. and E. E. Cox.
Democrat. Of Georgia, both Of whom
died before the Congress met: Jo-
seph R. Bryson, Democrat, Of South
Carolina; Garrett L. WitherS, Demo-
crat, of Kentucky; Merlin Hull. Re-
publican, of Wisconsin. and Dele
gate Joseph R. Harrington, Repub-
lican, of Hawaii.
Six men also have died in the
Senate. Robert A. Taft, Republican,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27

AS a matter of fact, If man
holds the land for 10 or 20
years, he will draw more profit from
it by building it up than he will by
mining the soil. Only the man who
expects to abandon the place any
how after a year or two can profit
by reckless cultivation, leaving the
soil exposed to erosion and exhaus-
ton. Such people are not proprle-
tors, they are exploiterS. and ruth
less exploitation could ruin Amer
lea more completely than invasion
and conquest by the Red army.
This is the factor that gives sharp
urgency to the campaign for con-
servation now. It is conservation
now that will assure fair chance
to the owners OF the land five or
10, or 20 years hence. 1t is
conservation now that appeals to
the true patriot as opposed to the
man who has no regard for America
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27

IA hnO with the, British Foreign
Once at this point.
Perhaps because he lends himself
naturally to car1cature, Mr.. Eden
from time to time has come In for
his share Of abuse. Mussolini once
referred to him as ''the best-dreSsed
fool in Europe" At home, Laborite
critics sneer at him as "the draw
ing-room D'Artagnan." Even Win
ston Churchill could not resist q
crack at one Of Mr.. Eden's oratorical
efforts:
my God" snorted the old mas
ter. "He used every cliche in the
English language with the possible
exception of Gentlemen will please
adjust their dress before leaving "
(the inevitable notice posted in
British waShrooms).
A Critics View
The most common criticism points
to the foreign secretary's lack OF
fervor-his passionate absorption in
the process of collecting all the
facts" and his reluctance to make
bold decisions. Says one leading
antagonist:
eff politics were pageant, Mr..
Eden would play the role perfectly.
He will never offend taste or step
out of the fashion. His talent Is for
the soft answer, for plausible for
mulae, for polite negotiation. How
he longs for q world in which these
graces might sway destiny.
Indeed, he would make an ideal
premier on a planet where nothing
happened-the perfect choice fol-
Number 10 downing Street, once
the millennium had surely and irrev-
ocably arrived-the dynamic Fue-
hrer in q foSsilized Utopia"
Kinder critics who give Mr.. Eden
highest marks in his present job
are quick to admit that he's nc
Winston Churchill. AS q team, the
pair function beautifully-Eden's
cautious efficiency counterbalancine
the impetuousness and soaring i'm
agination of the great man. Whether
or not Mr.. Eden can carry on alone
depends on two things: The change;
that authority may bring to Mr.
Eden himself and the kind Of lead
ership that England may need In
the months to come. And to these
questions, no one in Britain today
has all the answers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27

tempted to assert that land de-
stroyed by folly in time Of peace IS
more completely ruined than land
desolated by "the red-hot rake OF
war;"
That is what gives singing ur-
gency to the campaign for conserva-
ton now. It is possible to restore
the fertility of depleted soils, and
to bring water to arid soils; but 1T
is not possible to make productive
soil that is no longer there.
Nobody ever heard Of a con-
uuerors carrying away the soil. The
soil is the one asset that the most
barbarous invader leaves to q de-
feated people. It takes folly and
neglect to go beyond the most fear
full ravages of war and inf1ict upon
a country damages that not Attila.
not Genghiz nor even Hitler could
approach.
Many people will find something
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27
High Turnover Rate Affects Closely Divided Congre.
By Richord FykIund

The deaths that took Republic
cans first out of the Senate ma
jority and then back In during the
current Congress. point up the fact
that Congress is an ever-changing
body.
It is not often that changes re-
verse the balance of power in the
House or Senate, but the present
closely divided Congress is particu-
larly vulnerable to deaths and reSig-
nations. And although the old
timers in Congress give that body an
air of permanence and slow change,
the turnover actually is rapid.
In recent years about Is per cent
of the congressional membership
has changed from one two-year
Congress to another. Most Of the
change, Of course, results from de-
feat at the polls. But a surprisingly
large. number Of Congressman die.
resign in midyear or decide not to
run again.
Here Is the picture in graphic
form, from Congressional Quarterly
statistics, Of the attrition rate In
the past three Congresses. using
election day as the end Of each Con-
greSs:'
&annkA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27
By Henry B. Lee

by Henry b. Lee
Gently, in the 1852 revolt in Bolivia.
Communists tried desperately to
impinge on this revolution and
failed. They are still trying in pre-
dominately Indian countries.
Active in Ecuador, Peru "
Communist agents are active in
many Indian communities Of Ecua-
dor and Peru, according to DR.. AMI
bal Buitron, Indian affairs expert at
the Organization Of American
States. For instance. Dolores Cacu-
ango Of Cayambe. Ecuador, is an
important link between the Com
inform and Ecuador's Indians. She
is a Communist, skilled orator.
and president of the Ecuadorian
Federation of Indians.
: MANY Indians I interviewed
there during recent research prof.
ect could explain communism but
not democracy" DR.. Buitron said.
"They explained communism as
political philosophy that enabled
one to have house If he could find
another that had two houses"
He added, however. that Com
munist agents are making little
progress, since the Indians distrust
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-06-27

and with the British tradition Of .
diplomats Job.
This tradition IL q part Of An
thony Eden. In his family, It goes
back as far as the 18th Century
when two Of his ancestors were
serving as ambassadors, o third
was In Parliament and q fourth
was the governor Of Maryland. It
was built into the man himself
through an Eton-O oxford back
ground-through the interlude OF
war, and the rapid climb through
Tory ranks to the unenviable po-.
sition of the wonder-boy Of the
Conservative Party in the early 3O'S.
It is a tradition which might be
denounced in some American cir
cles as "perfumed-note diplomacy"
one which sees nothing extraord-
mary or Objectionable in the fact
that Mr.. Eden could shuttle between
conferences with UnderSecretary Of
State Bedell Smith and tea-drinking
sessions with Communist Foreign
Secretary Chou-En-lai. Essentially,
it is a tradition which holds that di-
plomacy is a profession to be prac--
ticed between gentlemen, where the
outward social graceS are as much
in place as the atomic bomb. The
emphasis is on the trained diplo-
mat-a man whose job is to Guilt
vate personal relations with men
of similar training on the opposing
. team. And through such contacts;
given good sense and good will, to
smooth conflicts between nations
and between opposing political syS-
TENS.
. A Middle Ground
It is a tradition which holds that
there is a middle ground between
appeasement and complete rigidity
which diplomacy can fill. For Mr..
Eden, it would have been unthink-
able to follow Mr.. Dulles lead and
refuse steadfastly to recognize even
the presence of the Chinese Com
munist delegation. Mr.. Eden has
some experience with the problem
of appeasement. In 1888, he re-
signed as foreign minister IN the
Chamberlain government in pro-
test against concessions made to
fascist ambition. But glibly-drawn
comparisons between Munich, 1888
and Geneva, 1854. are by no means
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-03-03
Sooner Or Later?

OUR attention is called now and then to
~ the fact that the English Sections of
other fraternal publications often appear on
the front part of their papers.
While there is nothing in our Bylaws
to forbid a similar practice in the case of
the Society's Official Organ, there is, in
effect, IAN unwritten law" which rules that
the Croatian Section should appear on the
Zajednicar's front pages.
We would, of course, like to see an issue
of the English Section occupy the first six
pages of the Zajednicar for change, if for
no other reason than to note what the re-
action of our fellow members, old and
young, would be. Perhaps we may one day
be afforded such an opportunity.
Until then we can only speculate as to
how our readers would feel if the English
Section vacated its present weekly quarters
and moved to the front of the Zajednicars
12-page house.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-03-03
Lodges Not Taxable

\ IEITHER the Croatian Fraternal Union
nor it's Lodges in the United States are
required to pay Income Tax under ruling
of the Federal Government.
The reasons for this were explained at
length in a letter which appeared in the.
Wednesday, February "a, issue of the Ia
jednicar's English Section, the authority
for which is the Exempt Organizations
Branch of the Internal Revenue Department
in the Nations Capital.
For the benefit Of those who may have
failed to read the letter in question, we
quote this one important paragraph therein
for their official guidance ~
"You (CFU) and your subordinate Lod-
gcs will not be required to file income tax
returns (Form 900 unless changes are
made in your character, your purposes or
your method Of operation"
Since the character, the purposes and
the method of operation of the Croatian
Fraternal Union and it's Lodges have been
one and the same for many, many years,
the foregoing quotation should be accepted
as proof positive by our Lodges that they
do not have to execute Form 900.
We trust our Lodge officers will govern
themselves accordingly and refrain from
writing the Home Office re Form $780,
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-03-03
Long Overdue Probe

THE militant Scripps-Howard newspapers,
! their Pittsburgh "Press" outlet included,
are to be highly commended for their re-
cent exposure of companies failing to keep
faith with persons who invest money IN
non group health insurance.
Assigned to expose these takers was
Albert M. Colegrove, widely read Scrlpps-
Howard Staff Writer, whose "The Gim-
micks In Health Insurance" series have
resulted in nationwide furore.
That Mr. Colegrove was not talking
through his hat in calling these companies
to task for cheating the public is attested
to by the fact that the Governments Fair
Trade Commission last week announced
that it had ordered top priority for the
FTC's long overdue investigation Of GER
tain companies dealing in health insurance.
Said ETC Chairman Edward F, Howrey:
- eve are making a nationwide lnvest-
CATION l have given it a top priority rating.
This investigation was long overdue. We
arc short-cutting some Of our normal pro-
ccdures to get results in hurry.
Chief concern of the ETC are misleading
advertisements, letters circulars pamph-
let's, ETC., which companies selling non
group health insurance use to attract the
gulliblc public.
Sitting on the sidelines awaiting the
outcome of this investigation are thousands
of members carrying Sick and Disability
Benefit Insurance issued by the Croatian
Fraternal Union. They have nothing to
worry about Nothing at all.
Their Society - the CFU - is strictly
on the level. 1t always was.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-03-03

President of the Mercantile Trust Company,
st. Louis, Mo-, who said GAS banker and
as life insurance man, I believe that
man should have four times his annual
earnings in life insurance" For the man
who has $4,000 invested in insurance and
an annual income of $4,000, this poses an
effective approach Four times his income
would be $4,000 insurance needed which
shows him the need to build up his protec-
ton program. The Croatian Fraternal
Unions Membership Campaign Field Work
crs would do we'll to try this approach, for
the Society limits individual life insurance
protection to just $4,000.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-03-03
Ash Wednesday

CATHOLICS the world over are today
~ observing Ash Wednesday, which
comes 40 days previous to Easter Sunday.
Originally it was a period of just 40
hours. Years later it comprised 80 days
of fasting, emitting all the Sundays and
also all the Saturdays except one. Pope
Gregory finally added Ash Wednesday to
the fast, together with the remainder of
that first week of the Lenten Season.
The last seven days Of Lent constitute
Holy Week, beginning with Palm Sunday.
Preceding Holy Week will be Passion Week.
while the last Thursday, or Maundy Thurs
day, will commemorate the institution of
the Eucharist. The following day will, Of
course, be Good Friday which commemo
rates the day of Christ's crucifixion.
Interesting to note is that the Moham-
medans celebrate Friday as the day Of
Adams creation. Just why they chose to
do SO is something we have never been able
to determine accurately.
Be that as it may, today - Ash Wednes-
day - is the time of year for all men of
faith to enter into the spirit of the Lcnten
Season. 1t will do them good.
ZajednicÌŒar = Fraternalist. [volume] (Allegheny, Pa.) 1894-current, 1954-03-03
Million To0ne

A Denver, Colorado,
widow paid off a $4,000
mortgage on her home
at the cost of 1916. Her
husband had applied and
made the first payment
for life insurance which
paid the mortgage. He
died the next day.
Actuarial experts es-
timated the odds against
such a circumstance at
more than a million to
one. The one, in this
case, was George Smart,
81 years of age, a head
file clerk for the Denver
and Rio Grande Western
Railroad. He took a ply
sical exam for his insur-
ance the day before he
died. - "v'.