davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Doris FIeeson--

NEW ORLEANS-Democrats
decided here that they were
going Adlai Stevenson's way.
By an overwhelming vote,
two men unknown to the party
two years ago have insured the
continuity of a national head
quarters regime which takes its
flavor, it's philosophy and its
standards of conduct from the
1862 presidential candidate.
That regime will control the
national convention machinery
in 1855. While no doubt it will
behave correctly, as a practical
matter Stevenson is its candi-
date.
Here again, as in art, the
substance preceded the form.
The country looks to Stevenson
not just as the titular but as
the real leader of the Demo-
cratic party. Its new look is a
Stevenson look.
It is clear now that National
Chairman Mitchell was justifi-
ably confident of this when he
calmly picked as his successor
the newly elected Paul Butler
of Indiana. Mitchell, after two
years of tireless travel up and
down and across the country,
had heard what the grass
roots were murmurirlg.
When the votes were counted
Butler had 70. The Truman
tinged Michael Disable had 18
and James Finnegan, candi-
date of the big city bosses, so
Evening star., 1954-12-06

powerful under Roosevelt, had
is.
Butler was not a prestige
candidate: he lacked glamour
and he had no aura of victory,
for Republicans rule his State.
He was handicapped by the
arm length dislike of Harry
Truman, whose friends Butler
had deposed in the Indiana Or
ganization.
But Butler had Mitchell and
Mitchell had Stevenson. Mitch
ell put the Stevenson irnpri-
matur or, Butler in a masterful
strategy based on Mitchell's
intimate knoWledg of Steven
sons character. Mitchell felt
Stevenson would never openly
interfere. which he didn't. In
the resultant vacuum, the But
ler-Mitchell forces remorse-
leSSly explOlteQ Tie MlGclell-
Stevenson intimacy.
In so proving that he UNDER
stands the uses Of power,
Mitchell demonstrated that he
will be around quite awhile.
He was helped of course by
the fact that the ld-timers
didn't do their homework. Sam
Rayburn. Jake Arvey and Dave
Lawrence talked to each other.
Mitchell and Butler had
already talked to the delegates
and were spreading the gospel
of a free and open convention.
The opposing forces never
came to the surface. The vet
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Thon1os I. Stokes
New Young Turks Needed?
Know|ond's Break With Eisenhower Recalls
How Hoover Had to Byposs His Senote Leader

Watson was thoroughly In IA
vor Of that and his Old Guard.
high tariff wing of the party
rallied against the Hoover ele-
ment, outnumbered in Con-
gress then as the Eisenhower
supporters are today, Unable
to deal dependably with Jim
Watson, President Hoover
looked elsewhere for the. pro-
lection of his interests in the
Senate. He began to rely upon
the assistant Republican lead
er. Senator Charles r. McNary
of Oregon, a schoolmate at
Stanford University, and lit
tie band which became known
as the Young Turks They
included Senators Vandenburg
OF Michigan, Henry j. Allen of
Kansas and Simeon FesS Of
Ohio. among others.
The Old Guard, high-tariff
crowd won out despite the
efforts of a coalition of Demo-
Gratis and progressive Repub-
licafls, the latter led by Sena-
tor Borah. Out of it the Ma
tion and the world got the
notorious Smoot- Hawley Tar
if bill which President Hoo
yer signed into law reluctant
ly and over the protests OF
the liberals. political and
economic. who had supported
his nomination but thereafter
lost confidence in him,
For the tariff issue, which
had its impact In foreign re-
lations. we have today the
broader and more compli-
Gated collection OF foreign
policy issues over which the
Republican Party Is split.
Senator Knowland has Joined
the anti administration ele-
ment which compares with
those who Lined up with Jim
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Lozano Becomes
Honduras Dictator
In Congress Impasse
BY the Asseeioted Press

TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras,
Dec. 6.-Vice President :, Julio
Lozano took over as dictator of
this Central American republic
today.
The short, 60-year-old busi-
nessman assumed power con-
stitutiona1ly after a boycott by
two parties prevented Congress
from picking a president from
the two top contenders in last
October's general elections.
Broadcasting from the blue
room of the presidential manor
at midnight, Mr.. Lozano de-
creed himself chief of state and
named the newly elected Ma
tional Ccngress as an advisory
council. He said it will draft a
new constitution.
He prohibited all gatherings,
demonstrations, publications and
broadcasts which might "tend
to disrupt the peace"
Armed troops and police
marched through the capital
last night and were posted at
all strategic sites. Trucks and
jeeps patrolled city streets. A
truck with machineguns stood
guard at the cordoned-of con-
gress building.
A ban on automobile traffic
after dark left the capital
hushed, and no disorders had
been reported up to a late hour.
President Juan Manuel Gal
vez, who was not a candidate
for reelection in October, is
in Miami, Fla. He left on No
vember 16 for medical treat
ment, leaving Mr.. Lozano in
charge as acting President.
The opposition Liberal Party
which came within $500 votes
of the majority needed to get
the presidency in the elections
accepted Mr.. Lazano's authority.
Liberal candidate Ramon Viii
leda Morales, high man in the
presidential election, said his
Evening star., 1954-12-06
rOllp

Stevens-Cohn -Schine episode
and for later encouraging the
Flanders motion to cenSure.
This has been repeatedly de-
MED by devoted supporters o:
Mr.. Eisenhower, even by some
who were on the pro-McC Carthy
side.
Now, however, with the Presi-
dents congratulations to Sen
atcr Watkins in the form Of a
prepared statement and a
planned conference with the
Senator hlmself it will be ,liffl-
cult to erase the impression
that. Mr.. Eisenhower has all
along taken sides in what q
few days ago he was content
to call a Senate problem.
Instead of putting o Guietus
on the Mccarthy controversy.
the President by his statement
has added fuel TO the flames
as has also the failure OF the
Senate to wait for a report
from a special committee
which found that the name of
Senator Hennings of Missouri,
chairman, had neen signed
without his knowledge or con-
sent on a committee letter ask
ing the postal authorities to
put a mail cover" on the mail
of Senator Mccarthy and his
family. This is something usu-
ally put on to catch fugitives
from justice convicted of crime.
There was a loud clamor last
summer about a faxed" photo
graph and a 'fphony" letter
wnen an excerpt from an FBI
report was Offered" but not
included as evidence In the
Stevens-Cohn hearings. Now
the Senate itself has adjourned
without even waiting to hear
the facts on a real forgery"
So it all depends on whose
OK is gored-and the millions
OF Americans who do not like
to see singled out for rebuke
only those who are fighting
communism will not forget that
Senator Mccarthy was "con-
demned" by a solid vote of the
Democrats and by a minority
of the Republicans for refus-
ing to "co-operate" with the
very committee which now is
charged with having resorted
to an illegal act during the
course OF its investigation Of
the Wisconsin Senator in q
preceding Congress. @
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Fletcher Knebet-
Potomac Fever

Democrats celebrate their victory in New Orleans One
taxpayer is elated He maybe the Democrats will
much fun there they'll forget back Washington
Republicans claim the Mccarthy won't split the
party permanently No. sir The G. O. P always closes ranks
and whenever the bugle sounds retreat
Adlai Stevenson addresses $10O-a-plate dinner You
know don't have much influence in the
Paryor the price of these dinners would be marked down
to $685.
The 1855 model sleek and long Designers
finally have succeeded in making the modern automobile
long its payments
Ike congraulates Republican Senator Watkins
Carthy censure job brave Watkins He rushed in
where the White House feared
Red China promises to fight alongside Russia If
to Europe that both up
for the big game, about all pray rain.
Evening star., 1954-12-06

The State Department and
Pentagon are following with
keen interest Moscow's efforts
to win over Americas allies on
the periphery of the free world.
Right now the Soviets are
showing more tenderness" to-
ward Turkey. Yugoslavia and
Iran than toward France and
Britain, two industrial coun-
tries they believe could be
tempted easily with promises of
a large volume Of trade.
Recent reports from Ankara
say that the U.S.S.R. win soon
approach the Turkish republic
with an offer of a pact Of
friendship and nonaggression.
The Muscovites made an at
tempt early last fall to wean
Turkey away from the United
States. A serious crop failure
compelled the Ankara govern
ment. to ask the United States
for 100000 tons of wheat. Be-
cause Of lack Of dollars, the
Turks offered to pay either
by barter or in their own cur
rency. BY a shortsightedness
which may be attributed to a
bureaucratic error Of Judgment,
the Foreign Operations Admin
istration insisted on payment
in dollars which had to come
from the modest economic as
siStance which we are giving.
While polite notes and views
were exchanged between Wash
ington and Ankara over the
conditions of sale of a portion
of our large wheat surplus,
which has now been satisfac-
torily settled, the Russians
jumped into the breach. The
Soviet ambassador at Ankara
offered, the wheat which the
Turks needed to tide them over
their shortage and the offer
was on any terms agreeable to
the Turkish government.
Premier Menderes and his
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Democrats Go Stevenson's Woy
Mitchell Justifoby Confident When He Picked
Butler as National Chairman Of the Porty

erans. politicians to the bone,
saw they were licked and
joined the victors in q public
embrace.
This was possible since the
struggle never got personal.
The defeated faction was
jockeying for power in the ac-
cepted way. Some, including
Rayburn, honestly thought
Butler inadequate. ALI accept
Stevenson as the party leader.
at least at present.
Stevenson is concerned by
only one thing, which is that
Truman may feel rebuffed.
Arvey & Co. made great use
of this argument in trying to
stop Butler.
Truman actually Is taking it
in stride. No mean politician
himself, he suspects that his
GOODNESS toward Butler was
used to WOO the South.
He rather thinks it should
never have been made public.
But. as ever, his motto is that
If you can't take the heat get
out OF the kitchen. He is pre-
pared to cooperate with the
winners and promote party
unity,
Butler did get all but two OF
the South's votes. Maybe Tru-
mans opposition helped there.
but it is also a victory for the
tireless efforts of Mitchell and
Stevenson to close ranks for
1856.
Evening star., 1954-12-06

Watson against Herbert Hoo
yer in that other era.
Will President Eisenhower,
like Mr.. Hoover, search out
some one else in his party in
the Senate with whom to deal?
If so, whom? The amateur
slatemakers who dabble in
that sort of thing are finding
the choice is rather narrow.
They list Senators Carlson of
Kansas, Ives of New York,
Saltonstall Of Massachusetts,.
and Aiken of Vermont, among
the possible prospects.
What we are watching seems
to prove that the more things
change, the more they remain
the same, or history repeats
itself. or perhaps:
"This is where we came In. !"
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Thomas L. Stokes

If we 60 back to the last Re-
publican administration before
this one-.that of Herbert
Hoover a quarter of a century
ago which ended March 1,
1933-we can find an interest,"
Ing parallel with today. It
relates both to a split Repub-
lican Party and a Senate party
leader at cross-purposes with
the President as is Senator
KnoWland today.
What President Hoover did
then about his Senate party
relations may offer a clue to
the outcome of President
Eisenhower dilemma,
Though there is no similar
ity in personality and method
of operation between Senator
Knowland and the Senate Re-
publican leader OF the Hoover
era-James E. Watson of In
diana--the drama Of conflict,
both within the party and be-
tween Senate and White
House. is comparable in sig
nificant aspects.
Jim" Watson was a g. O.
p. Old Guard stalwart and
stand-patter and a f1arnboyant
and clever politician of the old
school. He wanted to be Pres
ident, too. He was a candidate
for the nomination before the
1928 Kansas City convention
that nominated Herlaert Hoo
yer, who was the candidate OF
the liberal elements Of the
Republican Party iust as was
Gen. Eisenhower in 1862 when
he defeated the late Senator
Taft, candidate OF the conserV4
ative wing Of the marty IT
might be interjected mere that
Senator Knowland was a stips
porter Of Senator TAFT
! When Senator Watson had
70 be content with the post of
Evening star., 1954-12-06

party leader in the Senate,
after thwarting of his Presi-
Dental ambitions, it was gen.
orally recognized that his
career, so far as going higher
was concerned, was behind
him, though he lived many
years thereafter and died not
long ago. Senator Knowland.
who Is only 46, regards his
career as still ahead of him,
meaning he looks higher up.
There are other striking con-
trasts. Where Senator Know
land is open and fortnight in
his opposition to the presi-
dent on some aspects of
foreign policy, telling the whole
world about it, Jim Watson
was devious and skillfully
fnaneuvered his Old Guard
followers in the Senate to
hamstring President Hoover.
Privately the Indiana Senator
was very frank. and cynically
so, about his lack of accord
with the party leader In the
White House and with the
policies which the liberals
had expected Mr.. Hoover to
espouse
The split in the party re.
veRled itself early in the Hoo
yer administration when the
President called a special ses-
sion of Congress soon. after he
became President. That was
in fulfillment Of a promise
made late in the campaign to
Senator william 3. Borat1. Re-
publican, Of idaho, a leader in
the Western farm bloc. for .
special session to revise tariff
rates affecting agriculture
But industrial interests
swara1aed In to- exploit this
opening and Congress got out
Of hand in q wild scramble to
aboost industrial rates also. Jim
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Constantine Brown
Russians Woo 3 Of Our Allies
Political Pocts Are Offered to iran and Turkey;
Effort Is BEING Made to Return Tito to the Fold

him possibly better than some
of our peripheric allies In his
darkest hours. His greatest
contribution to the cause Of
the free nations was his re-
fusal to continue to permit the
Greek Communist guerilla
forces to operate from Yugo-
slav territory. This actually
saved Greece and avoided the
possibility of q serious war In
the Balkans in which we might
have become directly involved.
His decision to expel the Greek
Communist guerrillaS was
motivated by expediency since
Stain had communicated
him. But it helped the cause
of freedom and saved us a lot
of trouble.
Since Stalin's death, and
particularly in the last few
months, the Kremlin is MAX
ing every conceivable endea-
vor to get Tito back into the
Red unholy alliance. Tito Is
flirting with the idea although
he finds playing both ends
against the middle is a profit
able position to be in.
Tito has not yet decided to
pay his obeisance to Moscow
but is doing the next best
thing. He is paying a state
visit next month to India and
Burma which are close to the
u. s. S. r. theology and much
closer politically to Red China.
This visit may pave the 'way
for a call to Peiping, whose
policies he approves strongly,
and possibly later to Moscow.
The attempted Irritation Of
the Muscovites with the peri
pheric allies and associates
OF the United States is die
tated, in the opinion of some
American strategists, by mill
tary rather than diplomatic
considerations. The Soviet
high command is always wor-
rying about its f1anks. It does
not feel that the U. s. S. r.
should take a calculated risk
of challenging the United
States so long as her f1anks
are exposed. And it considers
the alliances or close associa-
tions we now have with Tur-
key, Iran and Pakistan as a
serious threat to the Soviet
in the event of a showdown.
Insofar as Yugoslovia is con-
cerned. the Red high command
considers important an i'm
provement of relations because
of the effect it could have on
shaky Italy and on Greece.
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Another Night Club
Burns at Biloxi, Miss.
BY the Associated Press

BILOXI. Miss, Dec. g. The
second 100000 fire to hit this
resort city's lavish night club
strip in five weeks struck early
yesterday when flames de-
stroyed the Colony Restaurant
and lounge.
Owner Harry Meier said the
fire was discovered by an engi-
neer from a nearby hotel. The
engineer reused both Mr.. Meier
and his wife.
The fashionable Sun N Sand,
located only two doors from the
Colony, was leveled by fire
November 2.
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Dqyid Lowrenee-
Did Eisenhower BIunder2.
President Seen Aiding Democratic Chances in 1885,
BY Proisine Watkins for Job on Censure Group

Clearly such a division in a
major political party is a
serious thing. In the final vote
on the resolution to condemn
Senator Mccarthy there were
% Republicans against it and
% Republicans In favor of it.
Both Senators Capehart and
Bricker were absent but
paired" against the resolution
and these two added to the %
Republican votes opposed to
censure plus Senator Nc
Carthy's own vote gives a line
up Of Is Republicans on his
side as compared with 90 on
the other side or possibly %
If Senator Wiley of Wisconsin
is added. He wasn't pre-
sent and said in advance he
didn't wish to be recorded as
voting either way.
This is far from a healthy
situation and it was bad
enough before the President
stepped in with his congratu-
latory statement to Senator
Watkins. Actually the Senate
as a whole rejected a good
deal Of the Watkins committee
report. It eliminated, for in
stance. all reference to Gen.
Zwicker or the subject of
handling witnesses or congress
sional Investigations, and it
took out the word "censure"
in reference to the Wisconsin
Senator's failure to cooperate
with" a 1852 committee. In the
final resolution the second part
was taken entirely from the
resolution offered by Senator
Bennett Of Utah, Republican.
None OF this was contained in
the Watkins report but was a
laSt-m mute condemnation
without a hearing to establish
the. precedents. It was, indeed,
an example of what Senator
Mccarthy meant by the term
"lynching bee."
But 1t is on the political
front that President Eisen-
hower's deliberate effort to line
himself up with a minority of
the Republicans in the Senate
will have far-reaching reper-
cussions. In the first place
there has been for months a
widespread feeling among
many Republicans throughout
the country that the President
and members of his immediate
staff we're to no small extent
responsible for initiating the
Evening star., 1954-12-06

cabinet have a better aware
ness than the Western nations
of the meaning of Russians
bearing gifts" Despite the
possibility of shortage of bread.
the Turkish cabinet turned
down the Soviet offer.
The Russians are trying
again. This time they are Of
fering a political pact which
they contend will assure Tur-
key of its independence, per-
NIT curtailing of ornaments
and will allow the country to
devote its resources to social
and economic development.
It is unlikely that the An
kara government, despite the
advice it may receive from
some of its Western European
friends to accept the Reds
outstretched hand, will find
this new trap any more ac-
ceptable than the wheat offer.
Similar bids are being made
to Iran. Only last week the
Soviets agreed to pay the f.
nancially hard pressed Iranian
government several million
dollars war damages which
the IranianS have been claim
ing for several years. At the
same time the Kremlin is
making earnest efforts through
its ambassador at Teheran to
convince its neighbor that in
the final analysis a rapproche-
ment with the U. S. s. r. would
be more profitable than solid
friendship with the United
States. The Soviet embassy
dropped open support of the
Tudeh (Communist) Party in
Iran after it was shown that
the Iranian people were strong
behind their present govern
ment and king.
It is unlikely that the
Teheran government will take
the Soviet bait any more than
the Turks.
Finally the Muscovites are
doing their utmost to get back
into the fold their lost lamb,
Marshal Tito, whose hide the
late Joseph Stain had vowed
to nail to the Kremlin door.
Tito has never renounced COM
munisnn. But he received sue
cor and consolation from West
ern Europeans and the United
States in the dark days when
he expected hourly to be at
tackled by the Cominform
forces of his satellite neighbors.
Tito is both a Communist
and a dictator. But it paid us
to open up our arms and treat
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Dovid Low,rence

President Eisenhower may
have just committed the cost
liest blunder politically of his
entire career and II could make
much easier the task Of the
Democrats In winning the
presidency in 1856.
At the very time when the
harlnonizing words of the party
leader In the White House were
needed to heal the wounds of
the Mccarthy Flanders Wat
kins fracas. the President
poured salt on those same
wounds. He has widened the
breach. Prominent Repub-
licans are privately expressing
establishment at the move.
Only a few days ago Mr..
Eisenhower wisely told his
press conference that the dis
pute about the so-called Cen
sure" resolution was a Senate
problem. But something hap
pelled after the vote was taken.
Somebody arranged for the
President to have a conference
with Senator Watkins and a
prepared statement was issued
at the White House declaring
that Mr.. Eisenhower had con-
graduated the Utah Senator
ION the very splendid job he
did as chairman of the special
committee" Opinions differ
among lawyers as to the job
done because Senator Watkins
refused to permit defense
counsel to make an oral argu-
ment on the precedents In
volved in similar cases.
There wasn't any crying
need for such a statement by.
Mr.. Eisenhower and in politics
It is a good rule never to do
the superfuous. But among
the Presidents advisers evi-
dently there is a belief that a
split Republican Party is a
help to him in getting Demo-
cratic votes and that somehow
the dissenting Senators on the
Republican side do not repre-
sent any sizable group of citi-
zens in the country. The latest
Gallup poll, however, published
only last week, shows that in
side the Republican Party
four -fifths Of those interviewed
had formed an opinion and
Of these 56.7 per cent were
against censure and 43.3 per
cent were in favor of the
move.
Evening star., 1954-12-06

faction would join in the all
parry coalition cabinet Mr.. Lo-
zano said he would form.
Mr.. Morales won 1928 of
the 251 ,295 votes cast in the
election. Nationalist candidate
Tiburcio Carias Andino re-
ceived only 77,041 and Reform
candidate Abraham Williams
53,O41,
Evening star., 1954-12-06
Dorothy Thompson

The reception accorded
"Comrade Tito" In Moscow
throws light on the case of the
Americans Noel and Hermann
Field, who disappeared behind
the Iron Curtain in 1949. A
former Polish security chief.
("Swiatlo") who detected to
the Americans, first revealed
where they were, testifying
that he himself had arrested
Hermann Field in Poland along
with the secretary general of
the Polish Communist party,
Wieslaw Goinulko, and that
Noel and his wife. Herta, were
in prison in Hungary. Sudden
ly all three Fields were re-
leased, leaving only Erika, Noel
Fields adopted daughter, un-
accounted for. She is suppos-
edly in an Arctic camp in the
0OfACb OlAAOl1s
The Fields had been accused
by the Polish and Hungarian
governments Of being agents
of the Central Intelligence
Agency headed by Allen Dulles.
In releasing them the govern
ments declared them innocent.
But rumors continued to
flow that they had been "dou-
Bile agents." working for both
Dulles and the Communists.
The explanation, as one puts
the available facts together, is
far simpler. The Fields were
caught In the series Of East
European purges Of National
Communists" - lie. "Titoists."
Their names figured in the
trials of Lazlo Rajk budapest,
1949); of the East German
politburo member, Paul Mer-
ker august 1880; and of the
general secretary of the Czech
Communist party. Rudolf
Slansky (November 1852.
1t was in these trials that