davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1954-03-21
Worike Atom

Another glimpse at the Amer
ican atomic stockpile was afforded
the world two weeks ago when the
second "thermonuclear device"
was exploded at Bikini. The de-
vice, hydrogen bomb in popular
parlance, turned out to be a big
one-so big, in fact, that even
under Laboratory" conditions the
blast got somewhat out of hand.
When compared with other
bombs, there can be little wonder
that the Bikini weapon was hard
to handle. The biggest "blockbust-
ers" Of World War II carried
about 10 tons Of TINT. The Hiro-
shima atom bomb equaled about
A
Evening star., 1954-03-21

plan to start an atomic world war
the next time the Reds stepped
over the line?
Mr.. Dulles, busy with overseas
conferences since his original new
look" speech, gave Mr.. Pearson his
answers during press conference
here. 1t boiled down to this:
He believes that if the Commu-
nists had to worry about atomic
retaliation, they wouldn't start
new, minor wars. So we will warn
them that atomization could result
from aggression. Atomic wars are
not always the most efficient in
all situations, however, so the
United States will maintain the
ability to fight other kinds if nee
essary. In other words, the threat
of atomic retaliation always will
be there, but actual reaction to
Communist transgresSions will re-
main flexible.
On the question of consultation,
Mr.. Dulles pointed out that we
already are committed by treaty
to react to aggression against our
NATO and Latin American allies
as If it were aggression against the
United States. But we have prom
ised to ask our European hosts for
consent before launching atom
bombers from bases in their coun-
tries. Consultation elsewhere will
depend on local treaties and condi-
tionS.
lnstont Reaction?
Mr.. Dulles and President Eisen-
hover also cleared up another
question: Could retaliation come
without declaration of war by
Congress?
The President two weeks ago said
Congress would be consulted be-
fore the country was taken into
war. But last week. this revised
picture came out of the Dulles and
Eisenhower press conferences:
If this country or our NATO or
Latin American allies are attacked
and the situation calls for instant
retaliation, then the President will
act without waiting for Congress.
To do otherwise, they said, would
be dereliction of duty. If this Ma
tion's interests are threatened in
some way, the President will act
instantly If necessary, but will wait
for Congress if possible. At any
rate, Congress will be asked to
approve later any sudden presi-
dental action.
AS the week ended, 'new look"
was useless phrase. What the
country had was an evolution
from previous foreign and military
policy, the change coming from
greater availability of atomic
weapons.
Evening star., 1954-03-21
NewLook'

THOSE WHO have been de-
= tending, explaining or at
tacking the new look" In military
and diplomatic strategy found last
week they have been arguing about
misused phrase.
New look" talk started last year
Evening star., 1954-03-21
Economics

The Nations business machine
still was out Of kilter last week.
Some parts were turning smoothly,
others not so smoothly. The re-
suit was q definite knock In the
engine.
The truth is, we do not have
Evening star., 1954-03-21

kota. But the Wisconsinite will
continue as a member, now testi-
flying, now questioning, now, If he
chooses, voting on his own, his
friends and his rivals guilt"
Public Con Judge
The public, however, will get a
chance to judge for itself. All
hearings will be open, doubtless
reported in full by newspapers and
TV and newsreel cameras. And
both sides said all evidence will
be produced. Defense Secretary
Wilson told the Senate Armed
Services Committee last week that
the Army would produce its en-
tire statement of charges against
Senator Mccarthy and Mr.. Cohn
(some passages had been deleted
from the released version, either
because they contained language
by Mr.. Cohn too strong for public
consumption, or because those
portions had not been completely
verifiedD. What's more, Mr.. Will
son said, the Army charges would
be backed up by StenographerS'
transcriptions of dialogue between
the Army and the Mccarthy team.
(Stenographic notes are legal; re-
cording of a conversation without
consent and knowledge of all par
ties is not.)
One big question. remained:
When will this showdown take
place?
There was no definite answer.
An entirely new staff was to be
recruited by the subcommittee for
the investigation and hearings.
That will take time. Preparations
for the hearings are not expected
to be completed during the coming
week.
Midwestern Stumper
Meanwhile the Wisconsin Red
hunter was sweeping the Midwest
on lecture tour. He told cheering
audiences:
. He didn't give a "tinker'S dam"
if administration leaders were
against him.
. His methods had resulted in
custer of 20 persons from Govern
ment or defenSe-plant jobs-and
how many could his critics claim?
(Vice President Nixon, a recent
critic and the man who nailed
Alger Hiss, might have had an
answer for that
Q He again accused the Demo-
cratic Party of "20 years of trea-
son" and named 20 specific
counts" including such acts as
recognition of Russia in 1888 and
signing of the Yalta agreement.
He concluded, IF these 20 counts
P4NACO al Ad1lOOI1 w IlOU dUU
up to treason then I ask you, my
friends, what is treason?" Urea
son, the only crime specifically
defined in the Constitution, is such
a serious charge and a charge so
often abused before the adoption
of the Constitution that, the
founding fathers made sure that
even Congress could not change
the definition, which is: Treason
against the United States shall
consist only in levying war against
them, or in adhering to their
enemies, giving them aid and COM
fort. No person shall be convicted
of treason unless on the testimony
Of two witnesses to the same overt
act, or on confession in open
court" Judicial Interpretation of
Evening star., 1954-03-21

when President Eisenhower said
he would order the Pentagon to
take a new look" at basic aSSump-
tions underlying the defense pro-
gram. Senator Taft also called
for a new look at defense"
But when the new Joint Chiefs
of Staff began studying the de-
fenSe program, their announce
ments of policy were tagged "the
new look" by persons who ap-
parently remembered the catch
phrase invented by the French
couturier, Christian Dior, to de-
scribe the plunging skirtline in
February, 1947.
So instead of denoting a process
-re-examination-the phrase came
to mean product-a new Repub-
lican military policy. The country
started talking about the new
look" in defense.
Admiral Radford, chairman of
the Joint Chiefs, never did use the
phrase "new look" as his own.
When he uttered the words, as he
did in his December IA National
Press Club talk on security
planning, he pointed out that they
belonged to the reporters, not to
the Pentagon. Admiral Radford
called his program the "interim
look" emphasizing that the new
Joint Chiefs had not had time
completely to restudy defense in
time for the current new budget) /;
or, on some occasions, he called his
new baby the security program
for the long pull"
Meanwhile the phrase new look"
got another workout when Secre-
tary of State Dulles in January
outlined in sketchy terms what
seemed to be a revision of Ameri-
cas- foreign policy.
The country then had two new
looks" to argue about.
Confusion Abotes
Argument was in the dark, how
ever, until last week when the
Joint Chiefs, Mr.. Dulles and Presi-
dent Eisenhower brushed aside the
obscuring phrase new look" and
explained more clearly just what
had been going on.
The Joint Chiefs testified before
the Senate Appropriations Com
mittee. They described the fiscal
1855 budget as an evolutionary
change resulting from recent devel-
opment of atomic weapons. There
would be more A-weapons, more
aircraft to carry them and fewer
men to fight on the ground.
Gen. Ridgway, Army Chief of
Staff, indicated his dissent from
the cut in manpower. He would
not approve the planned reduction
in Army strength from 1,4O7, 200
men this July to 1,172,7O0 in July,
1855, but he said he would carry
out the decision as best he could.
. Gen. Twining and Admiral Carney,
Air Force and Navy Chiefs, ap-
proved the program in general.
The so-called new look in foreign
policy also was cut down to size,
but not until after Canada's Sec
retary Of State for External At
fairs, Lester B. Pearson, had made
some pointed comment on the
policy in q Washington speech.
Mr.. Pearson centered on Mr..
Dulles promise Of massive retalia-
ton at times and places "of our
own choosing" He asked the OBJ
vious questions: Were Americas
allies TO- be ignored2 Did America
Evening star., 1954-03-21

depression" President Eisenhower
assured a Nationwide radio and
TV audience. Some unemploy-
ment has developed in different
parts Of the country, but the Ma
ton, as whole, continues to be
prosperous.
The Optimistic Side
These developments bore out the
President:
. Claims for unemployment COM
pensation dropped from 213.O00 to
100000 in IL key States during the
week ending March 13. This was
the lowest figure for any week this
year,
. Freight car loadings for the
same week increased 3.3 per cent
to 609,883. The total, however, was
1919 per cent under the correspond
Ing week of 1858.
. Industrial production picked up
/ per cent In February over Janu-
airy, but still was 8 per cent below
February, 1858. New home con-
struction increased slightly in Feb.
ruary over January.
Q Auto production incre ased
slightly. but was still about 13 per
cent under the 126,616 cars built
during the corresponding week last
year.
The Pessimistic Side
The most alarming development
on the peSSimistic side of the pic
ture was the addition of nine major.
and IL smaller areas to the list of
distressed labor sections by the
Labor Departments Bureau of En-
ployment Security. It brought the
total to 80 areas, encompassing 106
cities and towns.
A distressed area" is one in
which 6 per cent or more of the
potential labor force is unem-
ployed, making it eligible for de-
tense contracts to bolster employ
ment. The Manpower and Per-
sonnet Office in the Department
of Defense said its report on the
amount Of contracts awarded in
the distressed areas would be COM
pleted in about six weeks"
Meantime, a dim view of the
economic outlook was taken by the
Pennsylvania council of the CIO,
which adopted resolution that a
six-hour day, 30-hour week be
incorporated into labor contracts
this year. The idea, of course,
would be, to employ more people
for the same amount of produc-
ton. Walter Reuther, CIO presi-
dent, advocated public works and
tax relief 'for the little fellow"
to help correct conditions which,
he said, while not catastrophe"
were getting worse"
Steel production dropped about
2 per cent to 81 per cent Of ca
pacity, department store sales
were 8 per cent under a year ago
and, according to q survey Of "help
wanted" columns In ia cities, job
opportunities were SO per cent
under a year ago.
Evening star., 1954-01-14

ALEXANDRIA. VA
Powhoton 9 Henry Sts."
Kings Hshwoy 8 Fort Drive"
$40 FronkIn ST."
1902 M. Vernon Ave-"
Fort Hunt 8 Shenondooh Roods, HoIIon Hall VIIose"
MARYLAND
BrodIey Shopping Center. Bethesda"
S229 Georgia Ave-, Silver Spring"
Flower Ave. g Pney BToneh Rood, Silver Spring"
4646 SutIond Rood 9 Huron Ave.-opp. Census BuFeou"
Four Corners, Woodmoor"
University Lone and Riggs Rood, Hyattsville"
2l9 N. Commerce St.. Rockville, Nd"
4S3l Annapolis Road, BIodensburs. Nd.
Morboso Pike g Silver Hill Rood, Pos<IondS
Queens chope chIum Roods, Queenstown. M. Ronev'
viers MI 8 GGdIey Roods, Viers Mill ViIluse"
"Denotes Porkins Lot
Evening star., 1954-01-14

WASHINGTON
.5722 Georgia Ave. NV
1879 Good Hope Rood S.E.s
1879 10th St. NV. dupont cireIe)
9o6 6 ST. NV.
44l Chaplin ST. at Texas Ave. Sc"
1868 Irving ST. NV.
10Th and r Sts. Me-"
1899 Aloboma Ave. S.E.s
VIRGINIA
Washington 8 Lee Center. io2-s. Wayne St.
28l0 S. Quincy ST., Shirlinstons
Arlington Blvd. 8 Annondole Rd.. FelIs Church.
columbia Pike 8 Buehonon St.
1874 W. BroQd ST., FeIIs Church, :.
Evening star., 1954-08-22

came dizzy succession Of closings for
three-day week end at Columbus Day; an
early dismissal for postponed football game
the following Monday; Election Day two
weeks later: fve-day week end for Armistice
Day and the state teachers convention; the
four-day Thanksgiving holiday; the l3-day
Christmas vacation; two-day layoff for
snowstorm the second weeklof January: the
end-of-semester recess three weeks later. And
50 on through the spring term.
School has been halted for such events as
the unveiling of historical tablet. the dedica-
ton of an athletic field, celebration of the
winning Of a state basketball championship.
Evening star., 1954-08-22
by George Weinstein

AS A teacher, I'm going to let YOU in on
IN trade secret Even if Americas schools
had all the qualified teachers and all the new
buildings they so desperately need, they would
still be laboring under heavy handicap
wastefI horse and buggy schedule that each.
year robs children of hundreds of valuable
hours instruction time they can never regain.
BY closing down for far too many holidays
and ridiculously long vacations. the average
American school runs for about $50 days
year, even less in many places. It's case of
simple arithmetic. We just don't have the
kids long enough to give them all the time and
attention they need.
The long vacations are thowback to the
days when most children had to help on the
farm and school had to wait until the crops
were in. Few have to do that today, yet the
schools, city as well as rural, still cling to the
old crop dictated vacations. For most kids
that means 10 to IL weeks of doing nothing.
Time Out
AND if that isn't enough of setback to the
learning process, there are all kinds of holi-
days, time-outs and other interruptions dur
ing the school term itself. Add to these the
extra days the kids manage to pinch off for
headaches, toothaches, and large variety Of
other reasons. and the average attendance per
pupil, according to the u. S. Office of Ednca-
ton. IS whitfield down to 153 days year.
Let's look at the situation IN my commu-
nifty. H'stypicai of what goes ON all over the
country. Last year our schools opened on
September IA after an 86 day vacation. Maybe
boards of education feel that, after such
long layoff, kids should be eased into their
studies gradually. At any rate, that s how our
fall term seemed to operate.
In the high school where teach. the pupils
reported the first day, made out their sched-
ules. were dismissed within an hour. Then
Evening star., 1954-08-22
average pupil present -l53 days

the funeral Of politician, the opening of the
professional baseball season, parade for
visiting general.
Besides the standard holidays, many cities
and states close down their schools for occa-
sions like Mecklenbmg Independence Day,
Arbor Day, VIII Rogers Day, Andrew Jack
sons Birthday, Patriots Day, Admission
Day, jefferson Davis's Birthday. Halifax Res
Continued on page II
Evening star., 1954-08-22
A Veteran Teacher Says:
LET'S CUT
SCHOOL VACATIONS

Here's a revolutionary proposal that
would change the lives Of every child
and parent in the country. Before you
scoff, read these surprising arguments
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24

nation" to both American and
foreign vessels.
He told Of the measures. at a
news conference in reply to
questions about a complaint over
the week end by British ship
owners. The Chamber Of Ship
ping Of the United Kingdom, a
private organization, complained
in it's annual report that British
merchantmen were Swallowed"
In American territorial waters by
cutters or that armed guards
had been placed aboard the YES
sells while they were in United
States ports.
The British Foreign Office said
it had confirmed five such cases
over a period of two years.
Mr.. Parker, asked if the United
States security measures were
aimed at blocking any enemy
sneaking in atomic bombs. re-
piled: II think that had some
thing to do with it."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24
Orderly Surplus Food
Handout Is Sought

Assistant Secretary of Agricul-
ture John H. Davis said yester-
day the United States is anxious
to gets its surplus stocks of food
to those who need them without
undermining world agricultural
markets and prices.
This country. he said. wishes
to benefit from the experience
and ideas of other nations in
getting unmarketed products to
the needy without disrupting
normal markets.
Mr.. Davis-the Governments
top farm marketing Official
made these remarks in a talk at
the international food meeting
called by the United Nations
Food and Agricultural Oreaniza-
ton The conference will dis
cuss methods of disposing of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24
JET Crash Victims
Twin Brother Dies
In Auto Accident

The second of twin Air Force
officers and honor graduates Of
the University of Maryland was
killed Monday in an auto acci-
! dent at Clovis, N. Mex, his
family has been advised.
He was 1st 1t. William M.
Blackhall, %, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. A. A. Blackhall, ST.. Of
Faulkner. Md. prominent Charles
County farm family.
His twin brother, I'd 1t. Alex
Andar A. Blackhall, jr.. was killed
December 8. 1852, when his
Thunderjet crashed near Luke
Air Force Base. Ariz.
No Details of Accident.
William also was a jet pilot.
The telegram which notified his
family said he was killed in an
accident but gave no details.
The brothers were graduated
from the University of Maryland
and Immediately went into the
Air Force after receiving ROTC
commissions. They previously
had shared the same interests
since childhood, had been honor
graduates of Glasva High School
in Charles County and won four
year scholarships to the univer-
sity. They majored in agricul-
ture there.
Their father is widely known
In cattle circles.
Other Survivors.
Besides their parents, they are
survived by two sisters, Mary
Eleanor Blackhall, and Mrs. Isa-
belle Thompson, wife of Prof.
Arthur Thompson of the Uni
versity of Maryland.
William, like his brother. will
be buried in Arlington Gene
terry. His body is to be returned
here tomorrow and funeral
services will be held Friday at
Fort Myer Chapel at a time to
be set later.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24
Widow, Sc, Facing Loss
OF Home Is Found Shot

A 66-year-old widow yester-
day was found shot in the right
temple on the basement floor of
her nome at 1850 Myrtle avenue
NE
Police identified her as Mrs.
May E. Gibbs and said q So
caliber revolver lay nearby.
Mrs. Gibbs was found by her
daughter. Mrs. Thelma Clark,
A. of the same address. about 5
pm. yesterday, according to
Capt. Richard Felber of the
homicide squad. The injured
woman was taken to General
Hospital where she is in serious
condition.
Capt. Felber said a note found
at the house indicated she was
respondent over plans to sell
the home.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24
Security Tightened
Over Foreign Ships
In American Ports
BY the Associated Press

The State Department said
yesterday that "for some time"
the United States has been TAX
ing security" precautions on
some United States and foreign
ships docking in American ports.
Press Officer Jamison Parker
indicated that what he called
certain supervisory" measures
included search to prevent the
smuggling Of atomic bombs.
In London, Foreign Office
spokesman said Britain OCCASION
ally had expressed official CON
Germ" to the United States about
American restrictions on British
merchant ships trading with
Communist ports. The last dis
cussion on the subject. he said,
was several months ago. The
spokesman declined to reveal
United States reaction.
Mr.. Parker said the security
measures, which he did not de-
scribe, were being applied by the
Coast Guard without discrimi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24

SURPRISES in this and other major
agricultural countries.
Delegates came from Argen-
tina. Egypt. France. India. the
Netherlands. New Zealand. the
United Kingdom and the United
States. The United States dele
gate was Gustave Burmeister.
assistant administrator for mar
ket development for the Agri-
culture Departments marketing
service.
The conference, which will be
closed. is expected to last two
or three weeks. Delegates said
a report or a recommendation
for possible co-ordinated inter-
national action on disposal of
world SURPRISES may be made at
the close.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24
Over a Billion Dollars
Poid TO PoIicyholders and Beneficiories
the Largest Sum in the History Of Insurance

More benefits 70 more people we're
paid by Metropolitan in l953tha have ever
been paid by any Life insurance company in
single year. Payments to policyholders and
benefciaries amounted to 81 OPS. OO0.OO
When it is realized that Metropolltan's
benefit payments are only portion of those
OF the Life insurance industry as . whole,
one can readily visualize the tremendous
stabihzing force that the people of the
United States and Canada have built for
themselves through Life insurance and re-
lated beverages
All in all. 1883 was an outstanding year
in your Companv's operations In most re-
spectS. it was the best in Metropolitan's
S6-year history. In the light of the high level
Of economic activity in the United States
and Canada. and the ability OF our Field
organization. this is not surprising. We can
take pride in reaching new heights in service
to the peoples Of our two countries
NofionaI Economic Conditions
In retrospect, 1888 was a year of tran
sition. UpPermost in the minds of all, but
particularly those with sons of military age,
was the cessation of hostilities in Korea.
Nevertheless, we fully realize that our goal
Of q world at peace is far from won. and it
Is incumbent upon US to continue to remain
miitarily strong. With Korea no longer an
active military theatre, we can convert some
OF our industrial facilities from production
Of materiel for human destruction to the
satisfying Of human wants.
On the domestic front, a number of in
duences have been at work to materially re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24
Byrd Club to Meet

The Byrd-for Governor Club
of the I'd election district will
meet at 8 pm. March 8 in Chev-
erly MD Legion Hall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1954-02-24

duce the infiationary forces, which for so
many years have been driving the cost Of
living to ever greater heights. The curtall-
ment of war production, temporary CATCH
ing up with civilian demand in some areas.
a determined effort to achieve balanced
budget. and a return to more orthodox
management Of public debt and fiscal affairs
-all have played their part.
We in the Life insurance business are
particularly conscious Of the effects of in
fiation. which bear so heavily on the thrifty
and those dependent on fixed incomes All
efforts to control this danger should receive
our fullest support.
In the year ahead, business will be more
competitive, but this is no cause for con-
Germ. Competition provides the same goods
at lower prices. or better goods and services
at the same price. The United States has
grown to its present outstanding position
on the basis competition IN free market.
We are passing through REIMBURSEMENT
period. and have been for number of
months, but fundamentally this country is
strong. Personal savings in the United States
are now estimated at approximately $50
billion dollars, exclusive Of the holdings Of
corporate securities by individuals.
We have. far and away, the greatest pro-
ductive capacity Of any country in the world.
More than this. the people Of this country
and Canada have not lost their fundamental
traits Of thrift. initiative, and faith in God.
Our two countries will 60 to much greater
heights Of prosperity in peacetime econ
omy than ever could be achieved in the
midst of war.