davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Narcotics Conviction
Voided Because Of
Indictment Error

An error in an indictment re-
suited yesterday in the voiding
Of a narcotics conviction.
The U. S. Court of Appeals
held that the error misled the
defense attorney to a defendants
constitutional rights.
The appellate ruling reversed
the 1852 conviction Of James
Hallman. AZ. colored. of the 900
block of M street NV. He had
been charged with possession and
sale Of narcotics. Hallman was
sentenced to serve a 2 to 8 year
term.
One Named as Buyer.
Hallman came to trial on three
counts. The first count charged
sale of dope to James Fair, spe-
cial employe of the Federal Mar
cotics Bureau.
The other two counts were
linked to the first transaction but
mentioned no name other than
Hallman's.
The trial brought out that Mr..
Fair was not involved at all and
that the indictment was er-
roneous in containing his name.
The Government contended
that the sale was actually made
to a Roland Jones. The trial
Judge dropped the first count
containing mention of Mr.. Fair
but allowed the other two counts
to remain.
Defense Handicapped.
Attorney Jean Dwyer, repre-
senting Hallman, argued that
she had no chance to prepare
defense respecting any transac-
tions with Mr.. Jones.
She said she had anticipated
dealing only with Mr.. Fair, since
by implication he was the buyer
in the two remaining counts.
The appellate court declared
her position "is we'll taken"
The case marked the first ap-
pearance of Mrs. Dwyer, an at
tractive young attorney, before
the appellate court.
The opinion was written by
Judge E. Barrett Prettyman and
concurred in by Judge Henry w.
Edgerton. Bennett Champ. Clark
dissented.
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Problem: Personal Dishonesty
Witnesses in U Probe Of Red Conspiracy Claim Privileges
OF Constitution but Turn Against Duties Imposed by 1t
Claim Privileges

ness groups as dupes to spread
their propaganda and carry
out their planned detectives.
"A man has certain rights
as a citizen Of this great re-
public Of ours" said Bishop
Fulton Sheen of New York in
a speech before the graduating
class of the National Academy
of the FBI. But these rights
are inseparable from duties.
We have noticed that many
before congressional commit
tees separate rights from du-
ties. They say. I stand on
my constitutional rights If
they do not recognize their
constitutional duties, they sur
render their constitutional
rights. How can a man claim
the privileges of this great
Constitution and this great
democracy Of ours without
recognizing that he has Ger
tain moral obligations to it?"
When Bishop Sheen had
finished, j. Edgar Hoover. di-
rector of the FBI, commented:
THE one thought which i'm
pressed me particularly about
the bishops address was the
fact that the rights Of a man
are accompanied by equal du-
ties which he must perform.
This has been overlooked by
some of the witnesses before
many of our congressional
committees"
Whether a man is a mem
ber Of the clergy or Of any
other institution-if he has
information that can help the
American people, through their
Government. to uncover con-
spirators for a foreign gov
ernment who are engaged in
a movement seeking to over
throw the American Govern
ment by violence-such an in
dividual has a duty to tell it
either to the FBI or to a con-
gressional committee. The
chances are that, If he deals
frankly with the FBI, it never
will be necessary for him to
testify before a congressional
committee at all.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-07-08

every American Overseas Lii
brary. certainly would choose
the books they all agreed on.
1t also would be stimulating
if the newspapers would open
their letter columns to the
public, with the inquiry, What
books published in English
have proved most memorable
in your lifetime. and which
have you found most interest,"
ing, inspiring, or thought
provoking in the past three
years?"
A similar poll also might
be taken in Europe.
Let's not run away from this
book matter. into an anti"
attitude, but meet it affirma-
lively, and joyfully. How much
I, myself. owe to my friends
(and critics. who have sent or
handed me a book, with the
remark. "You must read this.
It has meant so much to me-"
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Scott Mcleod, State Depart

Scott Mcleod, State Depart
ment security officer, was kept
in his super-sensitive post to
avoid a row with Mccarthy,
even though Mcleod went to
the White House over Mr..
Dulles head In the Bohlen
matter and the Mcleod in
formation turned up in Nc
Carthy's hands.
Nor does it appear to help
the Secretary that he has
added Senator Knowland's ad-
ministrative assistant, George
, Wilson. to his staff in an i'm
portant personnel job he is
trying to make more impor-
tant. Presumably, Mr.. Wilson
shares the views of his ex-
boss. which means the views
Of the China lobby. Senator
Knowland. however, still likes
Mr.. Rhee.
Many Of his ex-colleagues
did not expect too much of
Mr.. Dulles. They are bafhed,
however, when he puts men to
work at that crucial second
level-the work level-whose
first loyalty is not to him.
That work level also is the
veto level in practical fact be-
cause it gathers the inforn1a-
ton the department head
must have. What it doesn't
want done, practically never Is.
Evening star., 1953-07-08

can be fired just like the gov
ernor Of q territory such as
Hawaii, Alaska or the Virgin
Islands.
No less person than Sena-
tor Wiley, chairman Of the
Foreign Relations Commit
tee, a politician who blows hot
and cold but who always blows.
stated: 1T would be tragic If
We who came to the defense
of South Korea in the name
Of world law and order should
come to see a solemn armistice
contract violated by the South
Koreans who have threatened
to fight on regardless of the
U. N. agreement on truce
terms. How can South Korea
invoke the idea of respect Of
pledges If 1t breaks pledges
itSelf?"
Senator Wiley overlooks the
point that South Korea has
signed no armiStice and Rhee's
rambunctiousness and threats
to go alone are due to his oppo-
Sition to the signing of an ar
miStice which would compel
his government to live up to
pledges it cannot possibly keep.
DR.. Rhee, a devout Christian,
is said by American sources in
Seoul to have taken his present
stand only after a full week
OF prayer. He prefers to make
his position known now, be-
fore it is too late, rather than
accept armistice terms which
he is convinced would be trans
lated at the peace conference
into the doom OF a free, united
and democratic Korea.
There was a time when Pat
rick Henry's words give me
liberty or give me death"
stirred all Americans, regardless
of party affiliations. We prac-
ticed through the years what
Henry had expressed as the
creed Of the American people
and have never refused help
to those outside this country
who wanted to live by that
principle. 1t is unquestion-
ably the fumes Of complex in
ternational diplomacy which
make Americans become criti.
cal these days and hostile to
peoples who want to live by
that credo.
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Let Experts List the Best Books
10000 Volumes Agreed on by Leading American Writers
Would be Safe Fare for Overseas Libraries

to represent American views,
some of these books should be
included. But so, also, should
books representing the opposite
viewpoint, such as Gen. Chen
nault's account. Father Mark
Tennien's mo Secret Is Safe"
Freda Utley's THE China
Story" George Creel's Rus
Sia's Race for Asia" and John
B. Powell's my Twenty-Five
Years in China" I do not know
which of these are on the
shelves, but I do know Freda
Utley'S is not. Bert Andrews
washington Witch Hunt" has
been banned. No book by John
T. Flynn was ever accepted.
Six years ago, the late Os-
wald Garrison Willard pub
lished, in The Progressive,
the article Book Burning,
American Style" denouncing
the systematic suppression by
certain critics, book sellers and
log rollers of every book chal-
longing the Roosevelt admin
istration's prewar and postwar
diplomacy. ITO condemn books
by deliberately ignoring them
or to choose critics who are
known in advance to be GER
tain to attack a book is neither
to serve literature, nor the
truth, nor to play the game
honestly and fairly" said Mr..
Willard.
The best judges Of books are
not librarians. but the people
who read most, and read dis
criminately. Fortunately, we
have critics who believe their
function is not to WELD an ak
or ignite incense. but to in
quire, within their knowledge.
whether what an author says
be true, enlightening. or de-
serving of the name of litera-
ture.
I wish that-to choose at
random-Edmund Wilson. j.
Donald Adams, Charles Poore,
Lewis Gannett. Fanny Butch
er. May Lamberton Becker.
Bernard de Voto. could each
be persuaded to make q list Of
10000 old and contemporary
books they think should be In
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Early Senate Action
On immigration Bill
Seen by Know|and

II the Senate Judiciary Com.
mittee reports out President Ell.
senhower's immigration bill to.
day. Acting Floor Leader
Knowland is prepared to give II
early consideration in the SEN
ate.
The committee was called
into special session today tc
consider the bill, and it's sup
porters. led by Senator Watkins
Republican, Of Utah, will press
for a favorable report. The meas
ure would admit to the United
States in the next two years
240.0 special quota immigrants
mostly refugees from behind the
Iron Curtain.
Even Senator McCarran, Dem
ocrat. of Nevada. who has helped
to postpone earlier action. said
the bill probably would be ap-
proved at today's meeting.
In approving the bill yesterday
a Judiciary Subcommittee Slight
ly revised the allotment of the
special immigration quotas but
made no change in the overall
total.
To Seek Troop Treaty Action.
Following a meeting of the
Republican Policy Committee
yesterday, Senator Knowland
also announced action will be
sought in a few days on the con-
troversial treaty under which
American soldiers overseas would
continue to be tried in courts o1
the countries in which they are
stationed for offenses committed
off duty.
Senator Knowland said the
Foreign Relations Committee is
trying to work out an interpre-
tation to meet objections to the
treaty. An Interpretation does
not require action by the other
parties to a treaty.
But Senator Bricker, Republi-
can, of Ohio, leading opponent OF
the treaty. said today he would
continue to oppose it unless it
contains his reservation to per-
NIT American military author
tiles to try American soldiers for
all offenses overseas. He said he
does not see how this could be
accomplished by an interpreta-
tion.
Would Not Block Action.
Although he will vote against
the treaty if his reservation is
omitted. Senator Bricker indi-
Gated he would not try to block
action. Allied government courts
already have jurisdiction over
American troops under executive
agreements made by the Truman
administration. but the Eisen-
hover administration wants this
jurisdiction confirmed by treaty
Senator Bricker fears that un-
der the treaty, American service
men would not be entitled to ali
the legal safeguards that are a
part Of the American judicial
system.
Senator Knowland announced
that, starting tomorrow, the Sen
ate will hold frequent night ses-
sions and will meet every Sat-
urday in an effort to adjourn
July 81 or early in August.
Evening star., 1953-07-08
David Lowrence:

The clergy seem to be COM
ing into the Washington pic
ture-especially as the various
congressional committees in
vestigating communism get
themselves tangled up in a
controversy that never would
have happened but for the
persistent attempt Of certain
misunderstanding forces in
America to distort the true
meaning of what is being done
by congressional committees
to expose diSloyalty to the
United States.
No member Of Congress and
no committee and no staff in
vestigator has ever said that
any branch or sect of the
clergy Of the United States
as such was disloyal or that it
should be investigated or called
on the carpet for any views
on religion expressed by the
pastors.
The problem Of Communist
conspiracy in America is a
problem Of wrong-doing by in
dividuals-not institutions. In
filtration Of communism has
occurred in nearly all institu-
tions-the theater, the press,
the clergy, the colleges, the
labor unions and the business
enterprises Of the land.
The Federal Bureau of In
vestigation can not expose it
unless a crime has been COM
mitted that can be proved be-
fore the time limit for prose-
cution expires, and also much
Of the damage to American
security can be done without
violating any laws. Exposure
IS the weapon repeatedly
chosen by Congress through
authorizations given by over
whelming vote to investigating
committees for the last 20
years or more.
1t Is Just as much the right
Of the legislative branch Of
the Government to expose
wrong doing as it is the right
of the executive branch to
prosecute law violations or not
to prosecute within its dis
cretion.
But the problem is not in
Evening star., 1953-07-08

Stitutional-it is individual.
In fact, it is not communism
as such at all. It is neither
political beliefs nor doctrines
that are being assailed, but the
common garden variety of
dishonesty on the part of per-
sons who have become in
volved in the communistic con-
spiracy and refuse to own up
to the part they have played
or to aid their Government by
giving it information.
Many Of the witnesses before
congressional com mittees
claim they would gladly tell
about their own participation,
but they don't want to do it
publicly. But very few who
claim immunity from ques-
tioning before a congressional
committee have been willing
to tell the FBI anything, even
confidentially. though it is
well known how absolutely the
FBI protects an informant.
1t certainly arouses suspicion
to find a witness who refuses
to tell something under oath
and then makes a public
statement of his views to the
press. never explaining why he
wouldn't say the same thing
under oath. But when the
same individual makes a false
statement under oath before a
congressional committee and
witnesses turn up later to dis
pute 1t, there can be perjury
trial and punishment. Only
by constant questioning and
through the information vol
unteered by witnesses who
may have been Communists
but are not ashamed now to
cooperate with their Govern
ment can the counterattack
against communistic,. activity
by the legislative branch Of
the Government make head
way.
Again it is q case Of indi-
vidual candor, individual hon.
esty and individual affiliation
with Communist front" Or
ganizations which would, If
they could, use members Of
the clergy. the press, the col
leges, labor unions and busi-
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Senate Votes to Lend
Wurcruft to z Nations
By the Assoeio,ed Press

~ ''VV 'N'~SSTN1IVN VIWSU
The Senate voted last night to
lend an aircraft carrier to France
to help fight Communists in In
do-China and two moderniZed
submarines to Italy to help
strengthen European defenses.
Similar legislation was ap-
proved yesterday by the House
Armed Services Committee. The
House has not yet acted.
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Stevenson in Vienna;
Will Call on Officials
BY the ASsoeiatsd Press

VIENNA, July e.-Adlai Ste
venson arrived in Vienna from
Venice today on his round-the-
world trip and was met by
United States Ambassador
Llewellyn E. Thompson, jr.
Mr.. Stevenson scheduled calls
today on Austrian Chancellor
Julius Raab. Vice Chancellor
Adolf Schaerf and Foreign Min
lister Karl Gruber. He will be
Mr.. Thompson's guest at a re-
ception tomorrow and plans to
leave for Berlin Friday.
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Pacific Marines Bid
Farewell to Rudford
BY the Asseeiofed Prass

PEARL HARBOR, Hawaii, July
8.-Pacific Fleet Marines bade a
formal farewell yesterday to Ad-
miral Arthur w. Radford, for
four years their supreme COM
mander in the Pacific Theater.
Admiral Radford will leave soon
to become chairman Of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff.
Three battalions Of troops, six
helicopters and a flight of %
Panther jets took part in the
ceremony at the Marine Barracks
parade grounds at Pearl Harbor.
Among those who watched was
Admiral Felix B. Stump. who will
take over Admiral Radford's
command Friday. Admiral Stump
arrived yesterday.
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Dorothy Thompson:

On July 4 the New York
Times published a letter from
q Swiss citizen, Peter M. Traut-
vetter, who reported his dis
tress at hearing that the Amer
lean reading room in Zurich
was going to be closed for lack
of funds. and pleaded for the
institution, lately under fire, as
one Of the most necessary and
successful American enterprises
abroad.
In confirmation, I have
found the American Informa-
ton Service Libraries crowded
wherever they exist, in every
foreign city I recently have Wis
tied in Europe and the Middle
East. I have seen Arabs in
Baghdad crowded into a room
listening to recordings of Bee
thoven and Brahms by Ameri-
can symphony orchestras; stu
dents. eager to improve their
English. reading simple Ameri-
can children's books in what
only a few years ago we
thought the most "outlandish"
places; teachers, engineers, So
biologists. architects, searching
the shelves for volumes of their
special interests.
In the climate of fear"
which might better be called
the climate of cowardice, the
temptation of the administra-
ton, whenever an institution
comes under fire, is to solve
the problem by eliminating or
reducing the institution itself.
The ANTI" spirit prevails.
Thus. we have been discuss
ing books that ought not to
be on overseas library shelves,
instead of whether these Ii
braries are properly represent
ative, and whether they con-
tain all the books that should
be in them.
There are several ways of
burning" books. One can take
them out Of libraries, or keep
them out in the first place. I
noticed that eight pro-Com-
munist or anti-Chiang books
on China were involved In the
recent bans. II the object were
Evening star., 1953-07-08
Ethiopian Envoy Named

Adds ABABA. Ethiopia, July
8 (P.-Emperor Halle Selassie
yesterday appointed Alto Yilma
Deressa, his former minister Of
commerce, as the Ethiopian Am
bassador to Washington.
Evening star., 1953-07-08

the center division and crashed
headon into Mr.. Wards CONVEX
tible. sending it spinning into a
pickup truck and also involving
two more cars.
Evening star., 1953-11-13
By Romon Coffmon

to Scotland. At once he was de-
clared an outlaw, but was able
to escape from Edinburgh to
Dundee. In Dundee and other
places in central Scotland, he
went on with his preaching.
Scotland, at that time, was
under the rule Of a queen regent.
The death Of this ruler took
place while Mary Qater called
Queen of Scots) was absent in
France. Knox and other Protes-
tants quickly seized control Of
the government. The Scottish
Parliament voted that the nation
should become Protestant.
A year later the young and
pretty Mary. Queen Of Scots.
reached Edinburgh and took the
throne. She did what she could
to make peace with the Protes-
tants. Knox was called to her
castle, and a debate took place
between this son Of farmer and
the Scottish Queen. NeitheE1
would give in to the viewpoint
Of the other.
Evening star., 1953-11-13
A Word to the Wise byMr. Fro"t Cobb,

Also, one should avoid the re-
dundant free gratis" Gratis
means free; so better use either
free" or gratis "
BY false association with the
word grim" GRIMACE usually
is pronounced "GRIM-iss." But
the accent should fall on the
last syllable thus: gri-MAYSS.
Similarly GRIMY does not
rhyme with Jimmy" The word
means covered with CRIME" "
Say: GRY-mee.
Heard over the back fence:
"They descended on us en- mass
ay." The word meant was zen
masse":: but the pronunciation
zen maSs-AY" has no sanction
whatever. It Is French loan
word, and in that language is
pronounced som e t hing like
"ah(n) MASS" " But the phrase
has been Anglicized to: en- MASS
(fiat an. and that is the rec
ommendation of this column.
distributed by McNausht syndicate,
Inel
Evening star., 1953-11-13

Watch the word WIDOW. The
commonly heard "wid-duh" and
"wid-der" are dialectal, and
careful speakers will want to
avoid them. Give the last Syl-
liable a full, round co." identical
with the sound of the interjec-
ton OH! Correct: WD-oh.
The words arrow, potato, bor-
row, window, minnow also are
too often corrupted to "ar-ruh,
po-ta-tuh, bor-ruh, win-duh,
min-uh." Pronounce them as:
AIR-oh, po-TAY-toe, BOR-roh.
WIN-doh, MIN-oh.
The word MISCHIEVOUS has
but three syllables: MISS-chuh-
vuss. There is no law which tells
us how we must pronounce
words, but the prevalence of the
mispronunciation miss CHEZ
vee-uss" is regrettable. Say:
SS-chuh-vusS.
GRATIS should not rhyme
with lattice" The "a" has the
ldng sound as in fray, gray
tray" Correct: GRAY-tiss.
Evening star., 1953-11-13
Uncle Rays Corner

John Knox, Scottish preacher
was a speaker with rare gifts.
In him was the power to sway
the thoughts and feelings of
people. An English Ambassador
to Scotland made this report
about him:
He is able in one hour to put
more life in us than 500 trumpetS
clustering in our ears"
Life in Scotland was far from
smooth for this Protestant. Many
Scottish mobiles were on his side,
but the royal family opposed
him. A French fleet appeared in
the harbor of st. Andrews, and
Knox was one of those captured.
For 19 months he was held
prisoner, then was allowed to go
into England. On the English
throne at that time was Edward,
the young son Of Henry VIII.
For five years, John Knox
preached in England, but then
King Edward died. and Mary
TVSor became the ruler. She
was a Roman Catholic. and Knox
Evening star., 1953-11-13
Contract Bridge
By EosIey BIockwood
washington, ~. ".
FRIDAY. NOVEMBER Is, 1859

For a redouble like Mr.. Cham
pion's in today'S deal you should
have at least an average hand in
high cards (an ace, a king, a
queen and a jack or the equiva-
lent). Mr.. Champion was just a
shade short of that minimum,
but he thought his good dis
tribution made up the difference.
South dealer.
Both sides vulnerable.
NORTH
(Mr. Champion)
4 1892
y AJ95
o 973
= A
WEST EAST
CMr. AbeD CMrs. Keen)
AJAX QJs Ase4
"a 38
K54 0 j 1885
KQ74 9853
SOUTH
(Miss Brash)
a None
Q107632
. A @ 2
= 10 q
The bidding:
South West North East
heart Double Redouble Pass
Pass spade hearts Pass
2 hearts Pass 3clubs Pass
6 6heartS All pass
The redouble was passed
around to Mr.. Abel, who bid one
spade. Here Mr.. Champion cor
rectly decided that he had too
many hearts to make a penalty
double at this low level. He
raised his partners suit instead.
Miss Brash then cue-bid the
spades to show her void and
Mr.. Champion co-operated by
showing the ace of clubs. This
much action from across the
table was more than Miss BraSh
could stand and she promptly
leaped all the way to six.
Before you cenSure her bidding
too much let me tell you that
she managed to win IL tricks.
She ruffed the opening lead
of the king of spades. She led
the king of hearts, overlook with
dummy's ace, led a second spade
and ruffed it. Dummy was en-
tered again with the ace of clubs
and a third spade ruffed in the
closed hand.
Now a club was ruffed in
dummy. another spade ruffed in
the closed hand and Miss BraSh'S
last club ruffed in dummy.
Having set the stage, Miss
Brash now used a line of play
that is so often overlooked that
1t might be called the forgotten
play of bridge. I refer to the
loser-on-l loser play. She did not
make the mistake of finessing
the queen of diamonds at this
point. If she had, Mr.. Abel
would have won with the king
and returned the suit. Another
diamond loser would have been
inevitable.
Instead, she led the last spade
from the board and pitched the
deuce of diamonds on it. Mr..
Abel won with the ace of spades
and had no good return. A
diamond return would go into
the ace-queen. The actual re-
turn was the king of clubs which
Miss BraSh ruffed in dummy
while discarding her queen of
diamonds
copyright. 1853, General Features Corp.)
Evening star., 1953-11-13
John Knox and Mary, Queen

John Knox and Mary, Queen
Of Scots.
fed to the continent Of Europe.
There he spent years as an exile.
in the German states and In
Switzerland. Among the Swiss
he. was allowed to serve as
minister of small church,
where many of the members
were visitors from England and
Scotland.
Feeling the urge to be back In
his own country. Knox returned