davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13

by 10000 banks scattered
throughout the country.
From these deposits the
Government collects no in
terest. On any money it would
borrow under a raised debt
limit or up to that limit, of
course. it would pay interest
with the taxpayers money.
Senator Byrd, a notably
conservative citizen, sees no
risk whatever in reducing the
cash balance by a couple of
billions.
There would still be left on
deposit, he pointed out, more
Government cash than was
the case as recently as last
April and May.
One Senator aroused by
Byrd's proposal was Douglas
OF Illinois.
II think the Senator from
Virginia has brought out one
of the most striking facts de-
veloped in recent years." he
said, namely that the Govern
ment has on deposit SOS bill
lion in $4,000 national banks
on which it receives virtually
no interest, although the Gov
eminent is paying, I believe,
approximately 21a per cent on
the short-term certificates
which it has issued. This
amounts to a subsidy Of ap-
proximately $3.50 million a
year to the banks. Has the
Secretary of the Treasury any
explanation as to why no in
terest is being charged?"
No explanation was made,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13

but they will be more respon-
sive to the political presSureS
that are unhappily inevitable
in Government.
A check of the present
trends which are being con-
vincingly documented daily
centers the dissatisfaction in
the Civil Service Commission.
The commission is charged
with caving in under pressure
and conSenting to precedents
which could tarnish fatally, if
not destroy, the merit system.
"They just don't under
stand" is the common COM
plant. Notably, neither the
Republican Party nor the
Eisenhower administration is
accused of "raiding" the civil
service. The charge instead
goes like this:
These new administrators
have "the hostile native COM
plex." They don't understand
what they are dealing with.
They think everybody here is
a bum, instead of realizing
that the vast majority of Gov
eminent employees know their
job. want to help, and only ask
for the chance to keep their
bosses out of trouble, and in
the right path. Many of them
are experts who have never
even voted.
What is alarming is not so
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13
Lowell MeHett-
Government department and

Government department and
agency heads are said to
doubt their ability to trim cur
rent spending by 50 billion in
the next few months. Presi-
dent Eisenhower has told
them, in effect, that this must
be done if a special session Of
Congress is to be avoided. The
special session would be called
to raise the legal national debt
limit of $275 billion, an action
which Congress refused to
take in the regular session
ended last week.
Treasury Secretary Hum
phrey estimates a debt of $277
billion-$2 billion above the
legal limit-in December at
the current rate of spending.
So the hard-pressed bureau
Gratis must cut out So billion of
expenditures or Congress must
raise the limit or, perhaps, a
certain other thing must be
done.
This other thing was pro-
posed by Senator Byrd of Vir-
ginia on the last day of the
session. It is simply the with
drawal of So billion of the cash
deposits the Government now
has in the banks of the coun-
try. During the present fiscal
year these deposits, by Treas
ury estimate, will average
$6.5 billion. They will not fall
below S. billion and in one
month will be close to So bill
lion. These deposits, making
up the general-fund balance
deemed necessary for the Gov
eminent to maintain, are held
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13

talking. Senators regard free
dom to criticize editors as be-
ing just as important to them
as freedom to criticize Senators
is important to editors.
But the inquiry which the
American Society of News
paper Editors has just grant,
ed to Mr.. Wechsler is far more
important than the questions
asked by Senator Mccarthy
about the present beliefs and
political opinions Of an editor
who was once a member of
the Communist group and now
says he has long ago broken
off such connections. For the
editors society has set a prec-
edent which apparently re-
quires it to make a study or
inquiry whenever any member
thinks freedom Of the press
has been infringed by any
branch Of the Government.
Here are the laws now in
existence which might be
studied anew, since they plain
ly contravene the first amend
ment to the Constitution guar
anteeing freedom of the press:
/. A law has been upheld by
the Supreme Court that penal
izeS newspapers and threatens
them with the loss of second
class mail privileges if they do
not reveal their private and
personal affairS-namely. the
exact amounts of stock. bonds
or notes held by individual
owners or their families. De-
spite the recent comment by
two judges of the court in the
Rumley case that inquiry into
private and personal affairs is
precluded," no newspaper or
magazine today can distribute
economically without conform
ing to the rules laid down by
the Post Office Department
concerning this disclosure of
ownership.
2. A law that has taken away
second-clasS mail privileges
from a newspaper which edi-
torially preached against the
conduct of the war. The case
arose during World War
against the editor of a Social
ist newspaper in Milwaukee.
The United States Supreme
Court Reports summarized the
majority opinion handed down
in 1921, as follows: Federal
legislation comforting upon the
Postmaster General power to
revoke the second class mail
privilege enjoyed by a news
paper which that official finds.
after a hearing fairly conduct
ed, Systematically to have con-
tanned false reports and false
statements published with in
tent to interfere with the sue
cess of the military operations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13

The situation in Italy is less
dynamite-laden. For the time
being, the President Of the re-
public has not been able to
find a successor to Alcide de
GaSperi.
Signor Piccioni-a political
nonentity-has thrown in the
sponge after having lived for a
few days under the illusion
that he could get the support
of a number Of the splinter
parties in a new administra-
ton. 1t looks now as II Italy
will be able to have some
temporary government only II
the new Premier. whoever he
may be, can find support
among the Socialists Of the
right and the left. The latter.
headed by Pietro Nenni, are
only a branch Of the Com
muniSt Party.
These turmoils among the
mainstays of NATO in West
ern Europe add up to a further
weakening of the POLITICAL
military structure of that coali-
ton on which the American
taxpayers have invested up
wards of SIS billion. Our Gov
eminent has proceeded since
1947 on the theory that eco
nomic and financial assistance
to the free nations of Western
Europe would bring political
order and thus defeat Mos
cows aims. Our leaders might
have overlooked in their esti-
mates an important element
the psychology of the rank
and file of our allies. 1t is this
element which now plaques the
coalition.
It is strange to observe that
countries which have received
no share of the Marshall and
MSA plans, such as Switzer-
land and Spain, suffer from
no major political and eco
nomic headaches. Left on their
own, they are better of, by
and large, than those on which
American billions have been
laviShed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13
7 Virginia Schools CurfaiI
Football in Polio Outbreak
BY the Associofed Prass

ABINGDON, Va, Aug. 49,
Two Washington County schools
announced last night they would
cancel August football practice
and postpone all games sched-
uled for September because of
polio in the county.
The county, an epidemic area
in which gamma globulin shots
were given to children several
weeks ago. went through yes
terday with no new polio cases
reported. There was one new
case in Bristol, Tenn.-an 18-
year-old girl.
The superintendent of Wash
ington County schools, E. B.
Stanley, said he would meet to-
morrow with DR.. James M.
Suter. Southwest Virginia health
officer, to discuss the polio stu
alton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13
Reforms in Budget
Could Reduce Taxes,
Beards|ey Rum| Says
BY the Associated Press

Beardsley Ruml says the Gov
eminent could repeal most Fed
eral excise taxes and lower other
taxes if it scaled down it's esti-
mated revenue requirements to
what he considers actually
necessary.
The author of the pay-as-you-
go income tax plan made his
suggestion to the House Ways
and Means Committee last night
at hearings on general revision
Of the tax laws.
Sees Needs Overstated.
Mr.. Ruml told the committee
that the present system of
budget figuring overstates Fed
eral revenue requirements by
$12 billion a year because Of:
/. Lack of efficiency and econ
omy, which he said is costing
50 billion a year.
2. Improper" inclusion of So
billion of capital items-such as
Government loans, stockpiling
payments and surplus purchases
AS Government expense when,
he said, they actually are "reve-
nue-producing assets"
3. 81 billion worth of invest
ments which he said could be
organized on a self financing
basis under authorities" similar
to State agencies which operate
toll highways or port facilities.
4. 81 billion which he con-
tended could be saved by abolish
ing the present so-called Federal
budget in favor of a consolidated
cash budget.
Explains His Program.
At a press conference today at
the Mayf1ower Hotel Mr.. Ruml
explained his plan further. He
called it "a pay-as-you-go pro-
gram, but by borrowing instead
of taxing"
Pressed for further amplifica-
ton, he summed it up this way:
"A budget reform program
which contemplates putting the
present system of financial rec
ord keeping onto a consolidated
cash budget system, and which
contemplateS the separating
within that budget of current
expense items that in one way
or other, will earn their interest
and amortization.
ION this basis, the budget of
current expenses should be bal
anced at high employment and
the debt structure arising from
capital items should be managed
in such a way as to contribute
to a wholesome economic and
employment situation"
The plan, he said, would build
out of Savings and pay out of
earnings"
Asked whether he would make
the statement that the budget
will probably never be balanced
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13
Lowell MeNett-
There Is Money in the Banks
Presidents Intimoton Of SPecoI-Sesson Call REEVES
Proposal Of Senator Byrd for Cut in Cash Deposits

said Byrd, but he later re-
marked that this has been a
long established Government
practice, not something at
tributable to the present adj
ministration.
"1t is my understanding,
he said, that the Federal Gov
eminent receives not one cent
of interest on any of these
funds and, in some instances.
the deposits are made on the
basis of a certain proportion
of the bonds which the banks
buy. We pay the banks inter-
est and no interest is paid the
Government.
I'm this crisis we certainly
should reduce these bank de-
posts to a limited degree. if
it is necessary, and avoid in
creasing the debt limit"
No action in this direction
has been taken by the Treas
ury, however. and the Presi-
dents appeal to the depart
nent and agency heads, with
the suggestion by his press
secretary that a special session
may be called to raise the debt
limit, indicates that no such
action is contemplated. Should
a special session be called
there may be a different story.
The opposition to raising the
debt limit is strong. strong
enough possibly to beat down
the opposition certain to come
from the banks to a reduction
in Government cash deposits.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13
CONGRESS and Press Freedom
Counist Says That if 1t Was Unconstitutional to Question
Wechser, Then Union Shop in q Newspaper Is illegal
Dovid Lawrence

It's an i'll wind that blows
no good, and it may turn out
that the episode in which
James A. Wechsler, editor of
the New York Post. was sub
jected to Interrogation by a
congressional committee will
focus attention on the re-
straints which have already
been placed on the press by
law, Notwithstanding the first
amendment to the Constitu-
ton.
For when Mr.. Wechsler was
subjected to some questions
he considered irrelevant and
which he need not have an
swered, there was really no
infringement of the press un-
less to be asked embarrassing
questions constitutes an in
fringement of anybody's free
dom.
The American Society Of
Newspaper Editors. however.
responding to the special re-
quest of Mr.. Wechsler, APP
pointed a committee which
now has reported its conclu-
sions. The majority are nom
committal and recommend
further study of the constitu-
tional questions. The minority
argue that freedom of the
press Is diminished when "a
single newspaper, however
worthy or unworthy, is sub
jected by one Senator. how
ever worthy or unworthy, to
inconvenience, expense, humil-
iation, ridicule. abuse. con-
demnation and reproach, I'M
der the auspices of govern
mental power" The theory
offered is that Congress al
legedly can't interrogate any
one about anything it can't
legislate about.
The fallacy IN this is that
Congress can constitutionally
inquire into anything hypo-
thetical on the remote theory
that it might want to legislate
on the subject some day. It
can ask any questions it
wishes on any subject at any
time-though a witness, of
course. doesn't have to answer
and can challenge a commit
tees jurisdiction in a specific
field if he likes.
Any member of Congress,
moreover, who hasn't a COM
mittee forum can stand up in
the Senate and publicly ask
insulting and impairment
questions every day of any ed
itor, and there isn't any re-
Straint upon the Senator ex-
cept the condemnation of pub
lie opinion or the rebuttals
that may come from other
Senators when he gets through
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13

aliSt-minded Sultan Mohammed
ben Youssef.
The Sultan earlier had issued
a communique complaining of Ell
Glaoui's schemes against him.
The nationalist charge that the
French generally support Ell
Glaoui, leader of the fierce Atlas
mountain Berber tribes, against
the Sultan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-08-13

DR.. Mehdi Ben-aboud, director
of the Moroccan information Of
flee in Washington, said today
the civil war threat stems from
an effort of the French in
Morocco and local "Quislings" to
force the Sultan to give voting
rights to the French.
He said the Sultan has con-
sistently refused to sign a decree
which would entitle the French
to so per cent representation in
local governing bodies, even
though they constitute only 5
per cent of the local population
and are considered foreigners in
Morocco.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
Few Important Bills Expected
In Congress Before April !

received, Mr.. Dodge'S Office said.
Mr.. Dodge has been in close
and frequent touch with House
and Senate appropriations COM
mittees at the Capitol. Members
indicate that completion of a
revamped budget-and especially
a budget that at least will come
reasonably close to a balances
still many weeks away.
; Meanwhile, the biggest and
most controversial issues ex-
pected to come up at this ses-
sion-but probably not before
April or May-involve not only
the appropriation bills but the
question of statehood for Hawaii,
the offshore oil lands controversy,
Taft-Hartley Act changes, ex-
tension of the Reciprocal Trade
Act which would expire June 80,
limited extension of controls on
rents and on scarce materials,
abolition of the reconstruction
Finance Corp, revision of the
McCarran-W Walter immigration
Act, possibly the question of in
creasing the number of District
commissioners and perhaps some
social security legislation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
|G. 0.P. Clash Seen
On Broadening Of
Social Security

The stage was set today for q
struggle within House Republic
can ranks on broadening Of So
cial Security this year.
Representatives Kean of New
Jersey. high ranking Republi-
can on the Ways and Means
Committee, said he would intro
duce a bill to extend Social
Security coverage to 10 million
additional persons. Those would
include more than 5 million in
farm work, domestic service and
the professions.
No Clash With Study.
Mr.. Kean said this need not
interfere with a Ways and Means
subcommittee study Of the entire
Social Security system. But
some Of his colleagues regarded
the move as running contrary
to a recent declaration by Com
mittee Chairman Reed, Republic
can, Of New York. Mr.. Reed said
the length and scope of the SUBJ
committe study would preclude
House action on Social Security
legislation at this session.
President Eisenhower has
urged broader Social Security
coverage. Mr.. Kean noted. He
said his bill also was in line
with a statement by legislative
and executive leaders following
a White House conference last
month. That statement listed
Social Security legislation among
II major items slated for con-
gressional action at this session
Besides extending coverage ia
several million persons, the Kean
bill would increase from SIS to
500 the amount an individual
may earn without loss of Social
Security benefits.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
| New Church Dispute
Arises Over British
Welcome for Tito
BY the Associated Press

BARNSLEY. England, Mar. 2.
"A new Catholic Protestant
controversy stirred in Britain to-
day because the Archbishop of
York. the Church of England's
second-ranking prelate. has
urged Britons to welcome Com
munist Yugoslavia's President
Tito on his visit to Britain this
month.
DR.. George Dwyer, superior Of
the Catholic Missionary Society,
told his congregation yesterday.
I'VE must be pardoned if we find
it grotesque that DR.. Garbett
(the Archbishop of York;, a min
lister of the Christian religion,
should offer not merely silence
but cordial welcome to a man
whose avowed intention is to de-
clare Christ an impostor and the
worship of God an antiquated
superstition"
DR.. Cyril F. Garbett had said
in a diocesan letter last week:
Our welcome to Marshal
Tito will not imply approval of
his religious, social, or economic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
ADVERTISEMENT.
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
By Robert K. Walsh

The 83d Congress, rounding
out its second month today, en-
tered March like a lion looking
for action but finding few meaty
measures likely before April.
The performance since Janu-
airy 8. despite displays of eager
ness and energy. cast some doubt
on congressional chances of leav-
ing Washington by July /.
A couple of appropriation bills,
with plenty of cuts, may reach
the House by Easter, Appropria-
tions Committee Chairman Taber
said today. Those would be the
first regular supply bills for the
fiscal year starting July /.
Legislative and executive
leaders recently tabled May Is
as a desirable deadline for House
passage Of all such appropria-
ton bills.
The House Appropriations
Committee has been digging dill
gently for many days, and some
nights, into items in the $78 bill
lion budget submitted early in
January by former President
Truman for the coming fiscal
year. Committee expert task
forces also have been delving
into each department.
But the timetable of congress
sional action at this stage turns
to a comparatively small extent
on present studies by the House
and Senate committees. 1t de-
ponds mainly on how fast and
how thoroughly the White House
submits revised budget estimates
Of departmental spending.
Budget Director Dodge today
expects to receive estimates from
individual departments and agen-
cies. These will require consider
able examination before he can
forward his recommendations to
Mr.. Taber's group. AS of this
morning. only a couple of minor
departmental reports had been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02

views and policies, but it will
be a tribute to good will and
honor, both to a brave man and
to the sturdy and Woodworking
peasant community of which he
is the head"
Several Catholic leaders have
voiced objections to the visit on
March % of Tito, who is openly
anti-Vatican and remains an
avowed Communist although he
has broken with the Soviet
dominated iron curtain coun-
tries.
Catholic officials in Glasgow,
Scotland, have called a meeting
next Sunday to protest the
visit. A notice for the meeting
urged Catholics to do all that
can be done to stop the perse-
cution of religion in Yugoslavia. :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
Crash Of Bus Racing
On Embankment Kills IS
BY the Associated Press

MEXICO CITY, Mar. IA
weekend bus accident in which
Is persons were burned to death
and II others seriously injured
has brought the arrest of two
bus drivers, accused of racing
along a 40-foot embankment.
One of the two buses got out
Of control Saturday hurtled over
the embankment with its brakes
locked and burst into flames
when it crashed.
Testimony at a court hearing
yesterday said the two buses,
both en- route to Xochimilco,
were racing.
In another bus accident here
Saturday night, IA persons were
injured when the machine
skidded into a canal on the city's
outskirts. Police said the driver
had been drinking.
The two accidents brought the
number Of transit casualties in
the Mexico City area in the past
10 days to 70 killed and 113 in
jured. Two trolleys collided on
February 81, killing so persons
and injuring 80. It was Mexico's
worst such transit accident.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02

HOURS:
Open week doys 3 an. 10
I pm: ss.epea Thursdoys
sp.m. 70 8 pm: open Sot.
vedeys 2 en-. 10 u noon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
Auxiliary Entertoins
Training School Group

The Ladies Auxiliary of the
Washington Lodge. Independent
Order of Birth Sholom, yester-
day entertained children at the
Junior Village of the National
Training School for Girls.
Members of the lodge, headed
by Mrs. Frances Widre, present.
ed harmonious and makeup kits
to the boys and girls.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
Irish Woman. l04, Dies;
Never Rode Train
BY the Associo4sd Press

MALINHEAD, Ireland, March
Mrs. Bridget McGonagle, re-
puted to be Ireland's oldest
woman. died yesterday. She
would have been los in August.
She had never been on a train
or a bus in her life. One Of her
surviving sons said. however, she
smoked up to 80 cigarettes a day
until few days before her death.
She had been i'll for about a
month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-02
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