davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-01-09
Thon1os L. Stokes:

Democrats will make their
first political maneuver Of
the Eisenhower administration
even before it's principal fig
ures get their chairs warmed.
The maneuver, In fact, will be
directed at some of those prin-
cipals, members Of the cabi-
net and little cabinet" which
embraces undersecretaries and
assistant secretaries.
The opening strategical
thrust Of the Democrats, 1t is
learned, will be to exhibit the
easily demonstrable "big bust
ness" cast of the Eisenhower
administration high command.
To get this Oh the record OFF,
cially, Democrats in the Senate
will move that the new Presi-
dents nominations for his cab
met, all now designated, and
the "little cabinet" be referred
to the appropriate committees
for hearings. There Democratic
committee members will ask
each to state his corporate
and financial connections and
background.
This committee inquiry so
far as the cabinet of a new
President Is concerned is un-
usual procedure. Confirmation
customarily is automatic in
the open Senate as soon as
their nominations are sub
Evening star., 1953-01-09
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

Prime Minister Churchill calls at the White House bid
farewell TO President Truman. II" great knowing
Winnie Churchill wouldn't trade our friendship for
q billion dollars-until January 90"
President Truman budget to Con-
gress Democrats made the dollar
tney FOUND a dozen new countries to give 1t
The inaugural committee there will in the
eisenhower parade An inaugural float is nothing
truck with $4,000 that makes YOU wonder
why some OF it wasn't spent to keep the girl the bathing
suit
The Senates refusal to means that
Senate talk will remain cheap that
bother to check what the other the Congress
sional Record at $84 page.
Trustees meet in Washington million TIL
library outside Kansas City reading room will have
quiet little hooks where researchers spend puzzng
over such historic events the 1916 Kansas City ballot he
Congress will investigate the thousands of SOL
ders going AWOL Congress will find chief reason In the
initialS-Another Wolf Out Loose
Evening star., 1953-01-09
Constantine Brown:

The House judiciary SUBJ
committee headed by Repre-
sentative Kenneth Heating ex-
poets some spectacular disclo-
sures when it resumes hearings
into the lack of proper security
checks on American personnel
in the United Nations secre-
tariat.
Besides new witnesses such
as former Secretary Of State
Byrnes and possibly U. N. of
f1cials, including Trygve Lie or
Byron Price, the subcommittee
is expected to recall Assistant
Secretary Of State John Hick-
erson, whose questioning last
month is considered to have
been too sketchy and resulted
in casting an unfavorable light
on this experienced Foreign
Service officer.
The most important revela-
ton expected will be that it
was the U. s. S. r. which in
sisted and actually brought
pressure to have the U. N.
headquarters in this country.
Most Of the other Charter
members wished to have the
new world organization in
Europe, either at Geneva, the
seat Of the now defunct League
OF Nations, or some other place.
The British were particularly
insistent on the location of the
U. N. headquarters. They
pointed out that the main
trouble center Of the world was
Europe and 1t would be highly
desirable to have the u. N. as
close as possible to the storm
center.
Secretary of State Byrnes is
said to have been rather in
clined toward the British point
OF view, while President Tru-
man had an open mind. But
the Soviet representatives
made an issue out Of this ques-
ton and implied that unless
the q. N. were located in
America the participation of
the Soviet government might
become only academic.
The argument advanced by
Evening star., 1953-01-09

Washington Arlington
Daily. $50 to Daily, 10 to6
Thursday. 1870 to 8 Mon, Fri, 1880 to $50
Evening star., 1953-01-09

the Kremlin was that the new
world peace organization need
ed the wholehearted support
not only Of the American
Government but also Of the
vast majority of the American
people. And unless the U. N.
was located in this country
under the eyes Of the Ameri-
can public its efficacy might be
impaired.
In the State Department,
two officials. Assistant Secre-
tary James Dunn and the then
deputy chief of the Western
European division, John Hick-
>erson, strongly backed the sug-
gestion Of the Western Euro
pean members of the U. N.
They felt instinctively that the
Soviet insistence on having the
U. N. in America was not due
to any particular interest in
seeing that organization run
smoothly but because they
hoped that its location here
would somehow or other be to
their own advantage. AS Mr..
Hickerson put it to Mr.. Byrnes,
they wanted IAN ivory tower
in America"
Eventually the Kremlin had
the last word. The Western
European and Latin American
diplomats. who considered the
U. S. S. r. at that time more
OF a key to the peace of the
world than the U. N. itself,
did not press their point de-
spite the lack of proper ac-
commodations, and New York
was selected as headquarters
for the new international Or
ganiZation.
Thereafter the U. s. S. r.
had no difficulties in achieving
the true objectives for which
1t insisted that the U. N. be
located in this country. Es-
pionage specialists, such as
Valentin Gubitchev, who was
caught red-handed in espio-
mage activities in New York by
the FBI, were sent to this
country.
At the same time Secretary
General Lie hired American
personnel for the secretariat
Evening star., 1953-01-09
Z.
New Regime Faces q Hozing
Democrats Plan to Draw Beod on the 'MIionores
At Eisenhower's Side-Just for Future Reference

mitted by the new President.
which is usually to the Senate
on the same day as inaugura-
ton Of the new President.
Such was the case with the
Franklin D. Roosevelt cabinet
which was the last occasion
when a new administration
began from scratch after the
opposition party's retirement
from control.
While the current quip about
the Eisenhower cabinet being
eight millionaires and one
plumber" is not exactly accu-
rate, there are four members
of the cabinet, as well as some
members of the "little cabinet"
who are so identified with
really big business and finance
as to bring the quip within
the permissible bounds Of typ
ical American hyperbole to
make a point, especially in our
politics.
The mild form of hazing for
the new administration SYM
bolized in getting their eco
nomic dosSiers is to remind
the public at the outset Of
their backgrounds and, more
Importantly, for future politi-
cal reference come campaign
time. The next election is less
than two years hence-the
1854 congressional elections.
Nobody Is actually going to
challenge the Eisenhower cab
met appointments. The Sen
Evening star., 1953-01-09

innocence about the convicted
atom spies-the Rosenbergs.
No innocent person has
been injured in America by
the anti Communist crusade
who couldn't rebut idle ac-
cusations freely and widely
in the press and on the radio.
Lots Of people who claim they
Joined organizations Innocent
ly cannot be absolved alto
gether from blame for get
ting tangled up with Commu-
mist organizations. But too
long the country has been
given to believe that liberties
are being taken away right
and left and that America
is being hurt because Com
munists are being exposed.
That kind Of contradiction in
the Presidents message is
most unfortunate.
Only this week Nathaniel
Weyl, q former Communist.
tells in q copyrighted inter-
view in u. s. News & World
Report that he was a mem
ber Of a Communist cell with
Alger Hiss and Lee PresSman.
The latter was for many years
general counsel for the CIO
and a partner in policy-mak-
ing Of that organization. In
1850 Pressman finally told a
congressional committee about
his Affiliations.
Hiss was tried for perjury
and convicted on the testi-
mony Of Whitaker Chambers,
but to this day there are de-
tenders Of Hiss who think he
was never q Communist but
was covering up for somebody
when the documents were
given to Chambers. Yet Mr..
Weyl tells of having met Hiss
in from IS to 40 meetings in a
Communist cell made up of
persons employed in the De-
partment Of Agriculture. Was
Alger Hiss exposed by the Tru-
man Administration? Mr.. Tru-
man called 1t all a "red her
ring" The lies told by Hiss
were detected by the House
Committee on Un-American
Activities, and the man who
did the exposing - Richard
Nixon, Of California-bears to
this day the enmity Of many
Of those who cry loudest about
witch hunts" and "hysteria."
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1953-01-09

ate will. follow the accepted
routine Of approving them.
Democrats. in this first ma
neuver, are taking a leaf per-
haps long forgotten by most
from the book they used the
last time that Republicans were
in power-1921-33. Then they
had as q ready target the
multimillionaire Secretary Of
Treasury. the wispy, shy late
Andrew w. Mellon of Pitts
burgh, who headed a vast cor
porate empire slowly built up
by his family and himself, in
cluding oil, aluminium, glass,
and all sorts of other enter
priseS scattered all over the
country and even beyond its
borders.
Through the 10 years of his
stewardship of the Treasury
in three administrations
Harding. Coolidge. Hoover
Andy" Mellon was assaulted.
In the end, as depression de-
scended, it undoubtedly had its
effect. Experienced though he
was in finance. he could offer
no easy solution for depres-
sion. And he had been frank,
too, especially at the beginning
OF his tenure, in recommend
ing tax programs that spared
the rich, which gave Demo-
Gratis ammunition that they
hurled at him from Congress.
The flgurative Mellon niche
will be filled in the incoming
administration not by a single
figure, but by four-Secretary
OF Treasury George M. Hum
phrey. Secretary Of Defense
Charles E. Wilson, Secretary
Of Commerce Sinclair Weeks,
and Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles, the last because
Of the big business and finance
clients. some with far-fiung
international interests. repre-
sented by the law firm Of
which he has been q member.
Senate Democratic inquisi-
tors will pry especially for
common directorships and
financial connections among
this cabinet big -Four" in an
effort to establish what is
known as an "interlocking di-
rectorate" relationship.
Whatever is divulged for the
record on their background
will be filed away. both by
Democratic members Of Con-
gress and by the Democratic
National Committee for ref
erence, If and when the occa-
sion develops, in connection
with defense contracts and
policies such as taxes and reg
ulatory statutes touching great
corporate interests Of all sorts.
The heavy weighing Of
the Eisenhower administration
with big business has been re-
garded skeptically by some
astute Republican politicians
who fear that. no matter how
good a job these men may do
themselves. they are natural
political targets because Of
their background. They could,
In fact, become scapegoats,
not for any Of their acts, but
for omissions or commissions
Of Congress which become q
part Of the record Of the adj
ministration with which they
are afilliated. The public does
not easily distinguish. as ex-
perience has demonstrated.
Evening star., 1953-06-05

tional Assembly. introduced q
resolution asking the govern
ment to initiate talks aimed at
speedy recognition of the
Chinese Peoples Republic"
AS soon as President Vincent
Auriol manages to find himself
another Premier. this resolu-
ton is expected to have top
priority in the Assembly.
American military men from
President Eisenhower down are
convinced that the NATO's
military effectiveness, which
has cost the American tax
payers upward of $11 billion,
will be reduced to naught un-
less Germany joins the Euro
pean defense system. But it
appears now that Western
Europe has lost all interest in
military preparedness.
The new political trend in
France is to "get rid of Ameri-
can interference" This inter-
ference is, of course, rep
resented by the billions we
have given to our good French
friends since 1916. Mr.. Mendes-
France advocates not only a
much closer relationship with
Britain but also ending
Frances. economic dependence
on the UnitedsStates."
In London, Prime Minister
Churchill is now busy pre-
pairing his briefs for the Ber-
muda conference. He is hav-
ing a series of conferences
with the nine Prime Ministers
of the Commonwealth to show
President Eisenhower a solid
and impressive front with the
peoples of the British union.
Mr.. Churchill is unquestion-
ably not only the ablest poll
tician of our age but also q
skillful Snowman.
Despite the assurances Of an
Evening star., 1953-06-05
Vondenberg Tough Witness
Administration Republicans Admit That Their Team
Still Has to Prove Case for Air Force Funds Cuts

come back next Monday when
his task will not be made
easier by the fact of Gen. Van
denberg's testimony.
Perhaps his habit most irri-
tating to Senators is his con-
genital dislike for yes and no
answers. Asked if the Joint
Chiefs of Staff were consulted
about the Air Force cut. he
replied, Senator, we don't do
it that way" and went through
what the inquiring Senator
thought a thoroughly unre-
SponSive routine. That same
question was put to him II
times, according to one sta
tistically minded committee
member, and II times he
ducked.
The new team at the Penta-
gon is, of course, somewhat at
a disadvantage. They have
had five months on these i'm
mensely complicated problems.
Many of their questioners have
devoted years of effort to in
formed cooperation with the
military. Actually, such in
quisitors are the best friends
of the Pentagon chiefs. pro-
vided proper working relation
ships and mutual confidence
can be established.
This is true too without re-
Evening star., 1953-06-05
y. 5. Pressured by Her Allies
Our Optimistic Friends Across the Sea Are Attempting
70 Iolk US Into Another Munich This lime on Asiu
Constontine Brown:

There is increasing pressure
on the White House and State
Department from our Western
European allies to take advan-
tage Of the present "concilia-
tory mood" of the Kremlin to
put an end to the Korean war
as soon as possible.
Our optimistic friends across
the Atlantic appear convinced
That once the Korean affair
is out of the way and America
adopts a realistic attitude"
toward Red China. Big Four
conference will end the present
world tension.
There have been indications
from London that once the
Big -Four conference has ended
in the atmosphere of friendli-
ness which our allies expect,
another conference including
Red China will be necessary
to liquidate the nightmare Of
the last seven years.
President Eisenhower, Secre-
tary OF State Dulles, the ma
jority of Congress and the new
Chiefs Of Staff are said to be
far less optimistic. But there
have been strong through
friendly hints that in the event
we insist on what our allies
describe as a policy of fear
and suspicion" we may find
ourselves isolated.
The French, though in the
midst of one of their perennial
cabinet crises, are now leaning
toward Britain insofar as the
Far East is concerned. Hereto
fore, France has consistently
refused to recognize Red China
because of her war with
Ho Chi Mimi, the Red puppet
in Indo-China. Last week,
however. Georges Fornival, a
member of the middle-of the
road Radical Party in the Ma
Evening star., 1953-06-05
Dorothy Thompson:
Dorothy 7honpson:
De CASPER Faces q Real Test
Issue in Sundays Elections Is Whether the Moderutes
Can Win Clear Victory of More Than so Per cent

The Italian elections Sum
day will be the most severe
test of the leadership of
Alcide de Gasperi, who has
been in Office seven and half
years-longer than any other
European Prime Minister now
heading a parliamentary
government.
The composition Of his
cabinets has, however. shifted
several times, for his Chris
tian Democratic Party has
never had, of itself, a govern
ing majority. Out of the many
parties, some of them repre-
Senting purely regional in
terestS, and some splinter
groups of larger parties, Mr..
de Gasperi has tried to hold
together the moderate center
groups, isolating the ex-
tremiStS of left and right. The
issue in Sundays elections is
whether this alliance of the
moderates can win clear
victory of more than so per
cent.
The most recent provincial
and municipal elections have
not been encouraging. In
them the moderate parties
slipped from the strong posi-
tion they held in 1948, while
the Communists and the neo-
FaSciStS each strengthened
their positions.
The De GaSperi government
has steadily had to narrow it's
base, as it has been deserted
by right-of- center and left
of-center groups-the rightiStS
in opposition to agrarian, taxa
ton and public administration
reform measures; the leftists
because they considered the
government too conservative.
The immediate danger to
italian democracy does not lie
in the possibility of a Com
munist or extreme right-wing
victory. 1t lies in the possibility
of losing a stable governing
position, and reducing the
Italian government to the inn
potence and Sterility charac-
teristlc of France during the
whole postwar period.
The achievements of the De
GaSperi government are not
able. After years of perpetual
warfare waged by Mussolini-
Evening star., 1953-06-05

spect to politics. A distinguish
ing characteristic of the Armed
Services committeeman of both
House and Senate is that they
work together; many prefer
those committees to any others
for just that reason.
There is some evidence that
Mr.. Wilson was hurt by his
bad start on the Hill and holds
some resentment against it.
Men in industry who deal with
him report that if he doesn't
like a question or it seems to
him critical, he retortS, "You
talk like a Senator"
Democrats at this point
think their charge is proved
that the defense cuts are
fiscal, not security. They think
they could demolish the Pen
tagon team but have still not
decided whether to tackle the
soldier-President personally on
this issue.
They have also had a bright
notion that another Senator
Vandenberg from Michigan is
indicated. If the general, q
nephew Of the late Senator Ar
thur Vandenber, should decide
to enter politics on his retire.
ment, which is due quite soon.
he will be courted by the pres
ent minority party.
Evening star., 1953-06-05
Jewish Rabbis 10 Study
High Kosher Meat Prices
BY the Assoeioted Press

FALLSBURGH, N. Y, June S.
Orthodox Jewish rabbis have
directed a special commission to
make a sweeping investigation"
OF reported price gouging in
kosher meat sales.
The Rabbinical Council of
America declared yesterday it is
deeply disturbed" by complaints
from housewives that retailers
are overcharging for kosher
meats.
(Kosher meat is that dressed
and handled in conformance
with Jewish sanitary and other
regulations.)
The council, at the closing
session of its 17th annual con-
vention, authorized the INQUIRY
by its Kashruth Commission
made up of so orthodox rabbits
from the Nations major cities
Evening star., 1953-06-05
Fletcher Knebel:
Potomac Fever

The Reds and the in Korea Some of our
allies the good United Nations show-thy
watching it.
Speaker Martin the House
profits matter of play support
the tax After ALL for the taxes
Gen. Vandenberg outgoing Air Force chief again
Ikes cuts. If any doubts
Forces ability to strike back at the foeust try cutting
spending money
Senate committee Republican Senator Brickers
bill to clip Ike treaymaking Republicans
country much they on each other
New York mother refuses tell
whether she belongs the
not suy the good else can guy say
he's been after q poker game?
The latest atomic fash in Nevada 1100 miles
We're making progress so fast that get little faint just
thinking about everything that lies ahead of us.
Senator Tas supporters say they're glad he's back in
Washngon-he almost lost control Congress to President
Eisenhower.
Evening star., 1953-06-05

had for the fiscal year coming
toward it's close.
In vain, Representative Fo-
garty, Democrat, of Rhode
Island tried to get the House
to raise the appropriation back
to the Eisenhower administra-
ton recommendation. He was
defeated.
Unless the Senate comes to
the rescue and raises the ap-
preparation, the effectiveness
of the law will be impeded.
Now pending before the Sem
ate Appropriations Committee
is the combined Labor Depart
ment-Health, Education and
Welfare Department bill in
which is included the Wage
and Hour Division appropria-
tion.
If the cut stands it is esti-
mated that 20 to IS per cent
of regional field Offices. of
which there are IS. would
have to be closed. Investiga-
tions would be reduced by IS
per cent. How essential to
protection of workers is an
adequate investigation force
may be deduced from the
facts that, for the 1852 fiscal
year, violations of one sort
and another were found in
24,321 of the 41,868 establish
ments that were checked,
while $8.5 million in wages due
was recovered for 145,00O
workers. Violations of child
labor provisions aggregated
6,203 in industrial plants and
5,414 on farms.
During debate in the House,
r eprese n tive Madden,
ocrat, of Illinois ex-
planned that the reduction in
the bill, when added to re-
'ductionS in the last three or
four years, will mean that the
funds to operate the Wage
Evening star., 1953-06-05
Doris FIeeson:

Republicans who intend to
support the administration
wherever possible are author
ity for the statement that it
has still to prove its case for
its S5-billion cut in the Air
Force.
Gen. Vandenberg, Chief of
the Air Force, has been a
convincing witness against the
cut. He must be answered in
equally clear and persuasive
terms, according to Senators
who have sat through the
present hearings on the de-
fense budget.
The key to the situation is
Defense Secretary Wilson and
he has the Hill completely
baff1ed. He is apparently try
ing to Cooperate, but he can
not seem to get the hang of
it. Senators who try to lead
him in a helpful way say they
have even more trouble than
those who show some distrust
of his abilities.
There are signs that Mr..
Wilson is becoming aware of
this and really is brushing up
on his homework. After his
initial false start in the hear
ings, he has managed to avoid
being recalled for about 10
days. Now he is scheduled to
Evening star., 1953-06-05

off1cial British spokesman that
the visit Of Soviet Ambassador
Jacob Malik at 10 Downing
Street just before the COM
monwealth Prime Ministers
met was q mere courtesy call.
its significance was not lost in
Washington. President Eisen.
hover maintains firmly that
the purpose of the Bermuda
conference is to mend dam
aged fences with our British
and French allies.
The British and French
governments are making
clear that they are interested
only in preparing a conference
with the U. S. S. r. and later
also with Red China. They
expect America to abandon
the Far East at q four-power
conference. Russia in ex-
change would cease her saber
rattling in Europe and open
trade channels with most Of
the Western European coun-
tries.
Such a deal would be con-
Sidered by most Americans al
another Munich at which our
President would take the role
Of the late Prime Minister
Chamberlain. 1t would mean
merely poStponing the day Of
a showdown with the
U. S. S. r.
It is for this reason that
President Eisenhower felt it
necessary in his Wednesday
broadcast to tell the American
people, without amplifying
the statement, that there will
be mo Munich.
In the meantime, the pres
sure on Washington to sign
an armistice at Panmunjom
on the latest Communist
terms continues.