davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-04-16
Ready to Propose
World Aid Fund

This Government is ready
to ask its people to join with
all nations in devoting a sub
stantial percentage of the saw
ings achieved by disarmament
to a fund for world aid and
reconstruction. The purpose
of this great work would be:
To help other peoples to de-
velop the undeveloped areas
of the world. to stimulate
profitable and fair world trade,
to assist all peoples to know
the blessings of productive
freedom.
The monuments to this new
kind of war would be these:
Roads and schools, hospitals
and homes, food and health.
We are ready, in short, to
dedicate our strength to serv-
ing the needs, rather than the
fears, of the world.
We are ready, by these and
all such actions. to make of
the United Nations an insti-
tuition that can effectively
guard the peace and security
of all peoples.
Evening star., 1953-04-16

the unshakeable conviction
that, as long as there persists
a threat to freedom. they must,
at any cost. remain armed,
strong and ready for any risk
of war.
1t inspired them-and let
none doubt this-to attain a
unity of purpose and will be-
yond the power of propaganda
or pressure to break. now or
ever.
There remained. however,
one thing essentially un-
changed and unaffected by
Soviet conduct: The readiness
of the free nations to welcome
sincerely any genuine evidence
of peaceful purpose enabling
all peoples again to resume
their common quest of just
peace.
The free nations, most SOL
emnly and repeatedly, have as
sured the Soviet Union that
their firm association has nev-
er had any aggressive purpose
whatsoever.
Evening star., 1953-04-16

The first great step along
this way must be the conclu-
sion of an honorable armistice
in Korea.
This means the immediate
cessation of hostilities and the
prompt initiation of political
discussions leading to the hold
ing of free elections in a united
Korea.
It should mean-no less i'm
portantly-an end to the di-
rect and indirect attacks upon
security of Indo- China and Ma
laya. For any armistice in
Korea that merely released ag-
gressive armies to attack else
where would be a fraud.
We seek. throughout Asia
as throughout the world, a
peace that is true and total.
Out Of this can grow a still
wider task-the achieving of
just political settlements for
the other serious and specific
issues between the free world
and the Soviet Union.
None of these issues, great
or small, is insoluhle-given
only the will to respect the
rights of all nations.
Again we say: The United
States is ready to assume it's
just part.
We have already done all
within our power to speed con-
clusion of a treaty with Aus
tria which will free that coun-
try from economic eXploita-
ton and from occupation by
foreign troops.
We are ready not only to
press forward with the pres
ent plans for closer unity of
the nations of Western Eu-
rope DuC also, upon CnaC 1Oun-
dation, to strive to foster a
broader European community,
conducive to the free move
ment of persons, of trade, and
of ideas.
This community would in
clude a free and united Ger
many, with a government
based upon free and secret
elections.
This free community and
the full independence of the
east European nations could
mean the end of. the present
unnatural division of Europe.
Evening star., 1953-04-16

ton of other categories of
weapons Of great destructive
ness;
go The enforcement of all
these agreed limitations and
prohibitions by adequate safe
guards, including a practical
system of inspection under the
United Nations.
The details of such disarm-
ament programs are mani
festly critical and complex.
Neither the United States nor
any other nation can prop
erly claim to possess a perfect,
immutable formula. But the
formula matters less than the
faith-the good faith without
which no formula can work
justly and effectively.
The fruit of success in all
these tasks would present the
world with the greatest task
and the greatest opportunity
of all. 1t is this: To dedica-
tion of the energies, the re-
sources of all peaceful nations
to a new kind of war. This
would be a declared, total war,
not upon any human enemy,
but upon the brute forces of
poverty and need.
The peace we seek. founded
upon decent trust and Coop
erative effort among nations,
can be fortified-not by weap-
onS of War-but by wheat and
by cotton: by milk and by
wool; by meat and by timber
and by rice.
These are words that trans
late into every language on
earth.
These are needs that chal-
lenge this world in arms.
This idea of a just and
peaceful world is not new or
strange to us. 1t inspired the
people of the United States
to initiate the European Re-
covery Program in 1947. That
program was prepared to treat,
with like and equal concern,
the needs of Eastern and
Western Europe.
We are prepared to reaffirm,
with the most concrete evil
dence, our readiness to help
build world in which all peo-
pies can be productive and
prosperous.
Evening star., 1953-04-16

I know of nothing I can add
to make palmer the sincere
purpose of the United States.
I know of no course, other
than that marked by these and
similar actions, that can be
called the highway of peace.
I know of only one question
upon which progress waits. 1t
is this: What is the Soviet
Union ready to do?
Whatever the answer be, let
it be plainly spoken.
Again we say: The hunger
for peace is too great, the hour
in history too late, for any
government to mock mems
hopes with mere words and
promises and gestures.
The test of truth is simple.
There can be no persuasion
but by deeds.
Is the new leadership Of the
Soviet Union prepared to use
it's decisive influence in the
Communist world - including
control of the flow of arms
to bring not merely an eXpedi-
ent truce in Korea but genuine
peace in Asia?
Is it prepared to allow other
nations, including those of
Eastern Europe, the free
choice of their own forms of
government and the right to
associate freely with other ma
tionS in a worldwide COM
munity of law?
Is it prepared to act in con-
cert with others upon serious
disarmament proposals to be
made firmly effective by strin-
gent U. N. control and inSpec-
ton?
If not-Where then is the
concrete evidence of the So
Wet Unions concern for
peace?
The test is clear.
There is, before all peoples,
a precious chance to turn the
black tide of events.
II we failed to strive to seize
this chance, the judgment of
future ages would be harsh
and just.
If We strive but fail. and the
world remains armed against
itself, it at least need be di-
vided no longer in it's clear
knowledge of who has con-
demned humankind to this
fate.
The purpose of the United
States, in stating these pro-
posals, is simple and clear.
These proposals spring -
without ulterior purpose or
political passion from our
calm conviction that the hum
ger for just peace is in the
hearts of all peoples-those of
Russia and of China no less
than of our own country.
They conform to our firm
faith that God created men to
enjoy, not destroy, the fruits
of the earth and of their own
toll.
They aspire to this: The
lifting, from the backs and
from the hearts of men. Of
their burden Of arms and of
fears, so that they may find
before them a golden age of
freedom and of peace.
Evening star., 1953-04-16
Armistice in Korea
Is First Step to Peace

This we do know: A world
that begins to witness the re-
birth of trust among nations
can find it's way to a peace
that is neither partial nor
punitive.
With all who will work in
good faith toward such a
peace. we are ready-with re-
neWed reSolve-to strive to
redeem the near-lost hopes OF
our day.
Evening star., 1953-04-16
Soviet Union Shares
Fears 1t Has Fostered

Soviet leaders, however.
have seemed to persuade
themselveS-or tried to per-
suade their people-otherwise.
And SO it has come to pass
that the Soviet Union itself
has shared and suffered the
very fears it has fostered in
the rest of the world.
This has been the way of
life forged by eight years of
fear and force.
What can the World-or any
nation in it-hope for if no
turning is found on this dread
road?
The worst to be feared and
the best to be expected can
be simply stated.
The worst is atomic war.
The best would be this: A
life of perpetual fear and ten
sion; a burden of arms drain
ing the wealth and the labor
OF all peoples; a wasting of
strength that defies the Amer
ican system or the Soviet sys-
tenn or any system to achieve
true abundance and happiness
for the peoples of this earth.
Every gun that is made,
every warship launched, every
rocket fired signifies-in the
final senSe-a theft from those
who hunger and are not fed,
those who are cold and are
not clothed.
This world in arms is not
spending money alone.
1t is spending the sweat of
its laborers, the genius of it's
scientists, the hopes of it's
children.
The cost of one modern
heavy bomber is this: A mod
ern brick school in more than
80 cities.
1t is: Two electric power
plants, each serving a town
of 10000 population.
1t is: Two fine. fully
equipped hospitals.
1t is some so miles of con-
crete highway.
We pay for a single fighter
plane with half million
bushels of wheat.
We pay for a single de-
stroyer with new homes that
could have housed more than
5000 people.
This-I repeats the best
way Of life to be found on the
road the world has been TAX
ing.
This is not a way of life at
all. in any true sense. Under
the cloud of threatening war,
it is humanity hanging from a
cross Of iron.
These plain and cruel truths
define the peril and point the
hope that come with this
spring of 1858.
This is one of those times in
the affairs of nations when
the gravest choices must be
made-if there is to be a turn
ing toward a just and lasting
peace.
1t is a moment that calls
upon the governments of the
world to speak their intentions
with simplicity and with
honesty.
1t calls upon them to answer
the question that stirs the
hearts of all sane men: Is there
no other way the world may
live?
Evening star., 1953-04-16
Text of Presidents Disarmament Address Before Newspoper Editors

The tert of President EiSen-
hoDer's speech to a luncheon
OF the American Society of
Newspaper Editors here today
tolloiDS::
In this spring of 1858, the
free world weighs one question
above all others: The chance
for a Just peace for all peoples.
To weigh this chance is to
summon instantly to mind
another recent moment Of
great decision. It came with
that yet more hopeful spring
of 1945, bright with the pro-
mise of victory and of free
dom. The hope of all just
men in that moment, too, was
a just and lasting peace.
The eight years that have
passed have seen that hope
waver, grow dim. and almost
die. And the shadow of fear
again has darkly heightened
across the world.
Today the hope of free men
remains stubborn and brave,
but it is sternly disciplined by
experience.
1t shuns not only all crude
counsel of despair, but also
the self-deceit of easy illu-
sion.
1t weighs the chance for
peace with sure, clear knowl-
edge of what happened to the
vain hope of 1945.
In the spring of victory, the
soldiers of the Western allies
met the soldiers of Russia in
the center of Europe. They
were triumphant comrades in
arms. Their peoples shared
the joyous prospect of build
ing, in honor of their dead,
the only fitting monument
an age of just peace.
All these war-Weary peoples
shared, too, this concrete, de-
cent purpose: To guard Wig
ilantly against the domination
ever again of any part of the
world by a single, unbridled
aggressive power.
This common purpose lasted
an instant-and perished. The
nations of the world divided to
follow two distinct roads.
The United States and our
valued friends, the other free
nations, chose one road.
The leaders of the Soviet
Union chose another.
Evening star., 1953-04-16

survived with stubborn and
often amazing courage a sec
ond world War. It has lived to
threaten a third.
Now a new leadership has
assumed power in the Soviet
Union. It's links to che past,
however strong, cannot bind it
completely. It's. future is, in
great part, its own to make.
This new leadership con-
fronts a free world aroused, as
rarely in its history, by the,
will to stay free.
This free world knowS-out
of the bitter wisdom of expert
ence-that vigilance and sacri-
flee are the price of liberty.
It knows that the defense of
Western Europe imperatively
demands the unity of purpose
and action made possible by
the North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization, embracing a Eu-
ropean Defense Community.
1t knows that Western Ger
many deserves to be a free
and equal partner in this COM
munity; and that this, for
Germany, is the only safe way
to full, final unity.
It knows that aggression in
Korea and in Southeast Asia
are threats to the whole free
community to be met by united
action.
This is the kind of free world
which the new Soviet leader
ship confrontS. 1t is a world
that demands and expects the
fullest respect of its rights and
interests. 1t is world that
will always accord the same re-
Spect to all others.
So the new Soviet leadership
now has a precious opportunity
to awaken, with the rest of
the world, to a point of peril
reached, and to help turn the
tide of history.
Will it do this?
We do not yet know. Recent
statements and gestures of So
Wet leaders give some evidence
that they may recognize this
critical moment
We welcome every honest act
of peace.
We care nothing for mere
rhetoric.
We care only for sincerity
OF peaceful purpose-attested
by deeds. The opportunities
for such deeds are many. The
performance of a great num-
Der of them waits upon no
complex protocol but upon the
simple will to do them. Even
a few such clear and specific
acts - such as the Soviet
Unions signature upon an
Austrian treaty, or it's release
Of thousands of prisoners still
held from World War IL
would be impressive signs of
sincere intent. They would
carry a power of persuasion
not to be matched by any
amount of oratory.
Evening star., 1953-04-16
Five Clear Preeepts
Mark u. S. Conduct

The way chosen by the
United States was plainly
marked by a few clear pre-
cepts which govern its con-
duct in world affairs.
First: No people on earth
can be held-as a people-to
be an enemy. for all human
ity shares the common hunger
for peace and fellowship and
justice.
Second: No nations sacur-
ity and well-being can be last
lngly achieved in isolation, but
only in effective cooperation
with fellow-nations.
Third: Any nations right to
a form of government and an
!. economic system of it's own
? choosing is inalienable.
. Fourth: Any nations at
tempt to dictate to other ma
tlons their form of government
is indefensible.
And fifth: A nations hone
OF lasting peace cannot be
firmly based upon any race in
armamentS, but rather upon
just relations and honest un-
derstanding with all other
nations. "a y n * i.
In the light OF. these prin-.
ciples. the citizens of the
United States defined the way
they propose to follow.
through the aftermath of war.
toward true peace.
This way was faithful to the
spirit that inspired the United
Nations: To prohibit strife, to
relieve tension, to Danish fears.
This way was to control and
to reduce ornaments. This
way was to allow all nations
to devote their energies and
resources to the great and good
tasks of healing the wars
wounds, of clothing and feed
ing and housing the needy, of
perfecting a just political life,
of enjoying the fruits of their
own free toll.
The Soviet government held
a vastly different vision of the
future.
In the world of it's design.
security was to be found-not
in mutual trust and mutual
aid-but in force: Huge
armies, subversion, rule of
neighbor nations. The goal
was power superiority-at all
cost. Security was to be
sought by denying it to all
others.
The result has been tragic
for the world and, for the
Soviet Union. it has also been
ironlc.
The amassing of Soviet
power alerted free nations to a
new danger of aggression. It
compelled them in self-defense
to spend unprecedented money
and energy for ornaments. It
forced them to develop weap-
ons of war now capable of in
f1icting instant and terrible
punishment upon any aggres-
sor.
1t instilled in the free ma
tions-and let none doubt this
Evening star., 1953-04-16
Order 10 Showdown
On Ammunition Laid
To Truman by Byrd
By John A. Giles

Senator Byrd, Democrat, OF
Virginia indicated today top
level officials all the way up to
the White House may have
shared responsibility for am
munition shortages in Korea.
Referring to what he termed
Showdown orders" issued at the
Pentagon September 27. 1850, he
said he couldn't help but believe
they had former President Tru-
mans approval.
The order. signed by Secretary
of Defense George c. Marshall
a few days after he took office.
stated fatty that budgeting
should be based on the assump-
ton combat operation in Korea
will be concluded by June
80. 1851"
Reserve Buildings Retarded.
1t. Gen. George C. Decker,
Army controller, told the special
Senate subcommittee this sys-
TEN OF budgeting for Korean
consumption had retarded the
Army in building up it's reserves.
The subcommittee will meet
again at 2 pm. today to hear
further Army explanations.
Senator Byrd said it was
amazing" to him that such a
policy was followed and contin-
ued to be followed even after the
Chinese Communists entered the
conflict.
"I assume the policy would
not have been made without
White House approval" he COM
mented to reporters. 1T also is
difficult for me to understand
why the Joint Chiefs of Staff
were not consulted, if they were
not"
Directed to Joint Chiefs.
The Senator pointed out the
directive was addressed to the
Joint Chiefs. along with the Sec
retaries of the Army, Navy and
Air Force. He asked Gen. Decker
if that meant the chiefs were
not consulted, but the general
said he did not know.
Under questions by Chairman
Smith, Republican, of Maine,
Gen. Decker admitted that if
Army Ordnance had met its pro-
Guction schedules I'VE would be
in much better position today.
But he also maintained that
the appropriations "came too
late to materially affect deliv-
cries in 1852"
Accounting Systems.
At another point the general
testified the Army had 80 diff
ferent accounting systems de
signed for different purposes
which have grown UP over the
years"
Top Pentagon officials have
complained the Army had so
many different accounting
methods it was impossible to get
a true picture of supplies. Gen.
Decker said the systems we're
currently under study but he
could not tell Senator Byrd when
some results would be obtained.;
1T appears the armed services
lack as much unification as ever
four years after Congress passed
legislation to correct such things
as the 33 accounting methods in
the Army" the Senator COM
mented.
PrOgramming too Slow.
Mai. Gen. William o. Reeder,
retired, said ammunition pro-
gramTning was too slow when he
was assistant chief of staff for
logisticS. He said it took some
thing like month to get pro-
grams approved by the Office of
the Secretary of Defense.
The explanations of the Ko-
rean ammunition problems led
Senator Byrd to declare There
has just been one tragic mis-
take after another"
If you say the war will end
on a certain date. it is more or
less a directive not to proceed
with procurement for stepped-up
combat consumption-and pro-
curement is vital to fighting a
war" he added,
Evening star., 1953-04-16
Mckinley Cadet Boil

The Mckinley High School
cadets annual brigade ball will
be held at 9 pm. tomorrow in
the sail loft of the Naval Gun
Factory.
Evening star., 1953-04-16
New Russian Leaders
Confront Aroused World

The world knows that an
era ended with the death of
Josef Stain. The extraordi-
nary 30-year span of his rule
saw the Soviet empire expand
to reach from the Baltic Sea
to the Sea of Japan, finally to
dominate 800 million souls.
The Soviet system shaped
by Stain and his predecessors
was born of one world war. 1t
Evening star., 1953-04-16
FWe-Point Program
For Disarmament

AS progress in all these
areas strengthens world trust,
we could proceed concurrent
ly with the next great work
the reduction of the burden of
armaments now weighing upon
the world. To this end, we
would welcome and enter into
the most solemn agreements.
These could properly include:
Cd The limitation, by abso-
lutte numbers or by an agreed
international ratio, of the
sizes of the military and Sc
curity forces of all nations.
CD A commitment by all
nations to set an agreed limit
upon that proportion of total
production of certain strate-
give materials to be devoted to
military purposes;
90 international control of
atomic energy to promote it's
use for peaceful purposes only,
and to ensure the prohibition
of atomic weapons;
(4 A limitation or prohib;-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-18
Children S Hospital Given
$4,000 for Brain Study

A grant Of $4,000 has been
aN arded to Children's Hospital
for studies on brain rnetabolisrn
by the Playtex Park Research
Institute Of New York.
The International Latex Corp,
which finances the institute, pro-
vides funds for pediatric re-
search throughout the country.
Representatives of the board
Of institute directors here in
clude DR.. Eva Landsberg Levin,
associate in pediatrics at Chill
dren's; DR.. Katherine Balm. as
siStant to the chief for program
development, United States Chill
dren's Bureau, and DR.. Myron e.
Wegman, chief of the division Of
education and training of the
Pan American Sanitary Bureau,
which is regional Office of the
World Health Organization.
The project at Children's Hos
pital will be a continuing, three
year study of the growth pro-
cesseS of the brain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-18
Carabao 10 Install
Rear Admiral Ca|ver
At Dinner Saturday

Rear Admiral George w. Cali
yer. attending physician to Con-
gress, will be installed as head
Of the Military Order Of the
Carabao at the organizations
annual dinner Saturday night at
Hotel Statler.
The admiral succeeds retired
Col. Douglas c. Cprdiner. The
order is composed Of veterans Of
the Philippines. Among its
members is President Essen
hover.
Some of the men who made
history in the jungles of the
Philippines fighting the insur-
rectionist leader. Emilio Agui-
naldo. after the turn Of the CEN
fury and other early members
will attend.
Among them is Maj. Gen.
Daniel 3. Devore Of 1000
Twenty fourth street NV, who
at 80 is the oldest member ex-
pected.
Other old-timers who plan to
be there are Mai. Gen. Guy ".
Henry. 6 Kennedy street, Ken
wood, Chevy Chase, Md; Col.
Joseph F. Siler. 2220 Twentieth.
street NV: Brig. Gen. A. Owen
Seaman, Ontario road and
Eighteenth street NV; Capt.
Carroll Powers. sos Prince street.
Alexandria, and Col. Frank A.
Halford. 1901 Connecticut ave-
nue. NV, who. as d young Ma
rine lieutenant, fought through
the bloody Samar Campaign in
1901, after the insurrectionistS
maSSacred an American garrison,