davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-11-22
Bermuda

The United States, Britain
and France continued to plan
for their meeting at Bermuda.
December 4-8. President Eli
senhower said again last week
that there would be no formal
agenda, but several topics
shaped up during the week as
Evening star., 1953-11-22
West Gives Up on Big 4 Conference

jab" initiative until he can
mount a sufficient force for a
right haymaker against the
Red rebels.
Evening star., 1953-11-22
Continued From Page A-25.)

f1nd new ways Of carrying on
the priSoner-exchange pro-
gram.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06
NO NEGRO ON
GEORGIA JURY,
SUPREME COURT
REVERSES DEATH
SENTENCE

WASHINGTON - (ANP) -
The United States Supreme Court
last week reversed the SEN
tence for James Avery, tried in
Georgia and convicted of rape
and sentenced to death in the
electric chair.
The high court decision was
based upon the fact that racial
bias was used in the selection of
the jury which sentenced Avery.
Panels of petit jurors for crimi-
nal cases in Georgia are selected
by a county board of jury COM
miSSionerS. The commissioners Sc
lect prospective jurors from
the county tax returns, based on
a list printed with the names of
White persons on white tickets
and Negroes on yellow tickets.
The tickets are placed in a jury
box and the judge of the Sa-
perior court draws number of
tickets from the box.
The tickets are given to a
sheriff who in turn entrusts them
to a clerk. The clerk "arranges"
the tickets and types up in final
form the list of persons TO be
called to serve on the panel
In the Avery case approximate
ly IS per sons were selected,
none of whom were Negroes.
In writing the opinion of the
court, Chief Justice Vinson pointed
out that the jury commission
ers, and other officials respon-
Sible for the selection of this
panel, were under constitution
al duty to follow a procedure -
"a course of conduct which
would not operate to discriminate
in the selection of jurors on ra-
cial grounds If they failed II
that duty, then this conviction
must be reversed no matter
how strong the evidence of pc
titioner's guilt. This is the law
established by decisions of this
court spanning more than 20 years
of Interpretation of the meaning
of equal protection
The opinion further stated that
"even if the white and yellow
tickets were drawn from the jury
box without discrimination, OPP
portunity was available to resort
to it at other stages in the Selec-
ton process. And, in view of the
case before us, where not single
Negro was selected to serve on
panel of so - though many we're
available we think that pet
tdtioner was certainly established
a prima facie case of discrimina-
ton"
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06
null ASKS
CONGRESS TO
REVIEW STAND
ON s. AFRICA

In petition to the 83rd Con-
greSS and TO the President of the
United States on the Union of
South Africa, the National Ur-
ban League today called upon
Congressional leaders and the
Chief Executive to review at once
the nations policy on the entire
South African apartheid question
and to take a firm hand at rec
tifying a great wrong that has
been perpetrated upon an unfor-
tunate people by the government
of the Union of South Africa.
According to Robert w. Dow
ling, president of the National
Urban League, it is the view of
the Urban League that Congress,
as the most authentic repository
Of the peoples will and spokes-
man for the American people,
must set straight the record of
this nation on this question, and
to prepare the way for the full
utilization of the nations moral
strength and economic and poll
teal resource to bring about the
triumph of human decency and
social justice in the Union of
South Africa.
Copies of the petition were sent
to the presiding officers and the
majority and minority leaders of
both houses and to Secretary of
States John Foster Dulles.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06

TUSGEKEE INSTITUTE -
(ANP) - DR.. Luther Hilton Fos-
ter, Jr., 40-year-old business ad-
ministrator of Tuskegee Institute
was elected Tuskegee Institutes
fourth president at meeting OF
the Board of Trustees held here
May 80.
In making the announcement,
chairman Of the board Basil
O'Connor expressed the COM
plete confidence of the board in
the abilities of the new presi-
dent.
The election climaxed a search
for a successor to DR.. Frederick
D. Patterson who, on March IL,
1853, rendered his resignation to
become the educational director
of the Phelps-Stokes Fund.
The presidency of TuSkegee IN
stitute, because of the high cali
bre of men who have held the
position, is looked upon as a post
Of leadership and service.
Booker T. Washington, founder
of Tuskegee Institute, received
international acclaim for his
craftsmanship and pioneer work
in industrial education.
No less was true of Robert r.
Notion who continued DR.. Wash
ington's role of leadership and
expanded greatly the resources
of the Institute.
DR.. Foster, the son of the late
DR.. Luther Hilton Foster, Sr., who
gave many years of distinguish
ed service as president of Virginia
State college at Petersburg. Va,
has keen knowledge of the opera
ton of Tuskegee Institute through
his II years of service in his prev
ious position.
He holds the B. S. degree from
both Virginia State College and
Hampton Institute. He holds the
MIA. degree from Harvard u.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06
.Dr. Luther Foster
Is Tuskegee Pres.

and the MA. and Ph.D. from the
University of Chicago.
Prior to coming to Tuskegee,
DIR. Foster was budget officer of
Howard University.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06

Wednesday. Washington went into
the same place three hours later.
Carver's exercises were held in
the school cafetorium Thursday.
Times photographer Frank
johnson covering the Booker T.
Washington commencement week
activities made these pictures.
Top left shows pretty Peggy
Joyner being crowned Prom Queen
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06
YMCA Highlights

The summer activities for
YMCA boys begin Monday, June
8, when the boys take their first
field trip to the Seminole Indian
Reservation at DANA. The boys
will get the opportunity to OBJ
serve the life and culture of the
Seminole Indians. The group will
leave the Y, $40 NV 18th st, 900
am. Each boy is asked to pay a
fee of IS cents to cover entrance
and transportation costs. All Ora
Y boys and other interested boys
should take advantage OF the
series of field trips offered by the
YIN this summer.
Swimming for Cray boys will
be held at the Dixie Pool each
Tuesday and Thursday, 800 pm.
beginning Tuesday, June 8.
Application blanks for the YIN
Day Camp are available at the
Carver Branch office. Day Camp
begins July 6, but all interested
boys should register early be-
cause a limited group Of boys will
be accepted.
ADULT EDUCATION
The series of adult educational
films will begin June IL, 7:30
pm. The film Our Living Con-
stitution will be shown. See in
action the composition and make
up of the constitution. Attorney
c.. E. Graves will be on hand to
answer questions concerning the
film.
Tickets are on sale for the YM
sponsored movie "Ivanhoe." The
movie dates are June IA, IS and
is at the Ritz theatre. Purchase
tickets from the YIN membership
Or the Carver Branch office be-
fore June Is.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06

Graduation was all tn talk dur
ing the past week as ASS seniors
won diplomas from Dade county's
three high schools. Booker T.
Washington High had $50 gradu-
ates, D. A. Dorsey High had l40
and George w. Carver High had
IS. Dorsey's commencement ex-
ercises were held at the Dade
County Auditorium at five pm.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-06

by Carolyn Balm. Victor Hunter,
Joseph Smith and Betty Sutton
look on. Top right are two couples
amid the prom Flamingo theme
decorations and the class theme:
Whatsoever things are true,
just, pure, honest, lovely and of
good report, think on these things.
Bottom left is view of the B. T..
w. auditorium on Sunday when
Evening star., 1953-10-06
Candidate MustWork Too Hard
Recess Finds Many Congress Members Devong Energies
To Reelection Instead Of Problems Facing Country

ticeS in Federal elections and
for other purposes" Discuss
ing his proposal, he recognizes
that congressional committees
have wrestled with the subject
for years, without accomplish
ing very much. But, he says,
with rising television expen-
ditures, I am worried lest only
the wealthy - or those who
have the support of wealth.
can afford to represent their
fellow Americans in national
Office"
A paragraph Of the bills
preamble reads: "The Congress
believes that the rising cost of
political campaigns presents a
potential threat to our Ma
tons democratic institutions.
The problem of money in poll
tics Is a continuing problem Of
democracy, but the increasing
cost Of mass communication
media and the increasing use
Of television in the appeal to
the electorate has raised the
cost of political campaigning
to alarming heights and has
thereby magnified the prob
lem of maintaining free elec-
tions in the United States"
All of which is obviously
true, but I still think somebody
should study the problem of
excessive physical expenditure.
Evening star., 1953-10-06
Should the Judiciary LegisIote?
Too Many People Accused of Taking About 'FexbiIty
OF Constitution and Regarding Judges as Lawmakers
David lawrence

Earl Warren, former Gov
ernor of California, is now
Chief Justice of the United
States. which means-or ought
to mean-that he is out of
politics and out of the polit-
ical arena where a count Of
the influences of pressure
groups or a count of noses in
a legislative body brings de-
cisions on national policy.
Yet already predictions are
coming from groups of wishful
thinkers that the new member
of the Supreme Court will vote
to reverse the courts position
on civil liberties and give a
wider rein to the promoters of
Communist Imperialism inside
America.
Too many people in America
in the last 20 years. who talk
about ''hexibility" through
judicial decision, have been
indoctrinated with the notion
that the Supreme Court Of the
United States Is just another
legislative body.
Too many people have been
influenced by the late President
Franklin D. Roosevelt to be-
lieve that it's too much trouble
to amend the Constitution in
the manner provided in the
document itself and that the
nine Justices are endowed with
a mandate to change the Con-
stitution in accordance with
the views Of changing admin
istrations or pressure groups.
If the American people
really want to amend the Con-
Stitution and a substantial ma
jority favors it, the process has
proved in the past to be rela-
lively rapid.
More harm has been done
by the alleged witticism that
Evening star., 1953-10-06

"the Supreme Court follows
the election returns" than by
any other single fallacy about
a lack of independence in the
judiciary unless perhaps it is
the frequent misuse of a quo
tation uttered once by Charles
Evans Hughes and repeatedly
taken out of context.
That quotation, distorted and
miSrepresented again and
again, even by Franklin Roose-
Velt, was as follows: 1.-THE Con-
stitution is what the judges
say it is" It was never uttered
by Mr.. Hughes while he was
on the bench but during an
extemporaneous speech while
he was Governor of New York.
Placed in its proper context,
the quotation merely meant
that he felt it was the primary
duty of the Supreme Court
Justices to interpret the Con-
st1tution and that they were
too busy doing this to be re-
quired to decide public-utility
cases Of an administrative
nature.
Mr.. Hughes, when he was
Chief Justice, bitterly resented
the misuse of that quotation
by Mr.. Roosevelt and told this
correspondent it was used out
OF context. Later on, in his
diary noteS-Which Merlo ].
Pusey, in his splendid bio
graphy of the Chief Justice.
published in 1951-Mr. Hughes
wrote about that quotation as
follows:
"The inference that I was
picturing constitutional inter-
probation by the courts as a
matter of judicial caprice :.
was farthest from my thought.
was not talking f1ippantly or
in disrespect of the courts, but
on the contrary with the most
Evening star., 1953-10-06
Switzerland: Neutral Bostion
With No Raw Materials, 1t Is an Industrial Country;
Without u. S. Aid, Its Economy Is Yet Healthy

red cent under the several
American economic assistance
programs, yet its economy is in
many respects more solid than
our own. It's currency is the
hardest" in the world. (The
United States dollar which
until the end of the war was
worth five francs is now worth
only 4.25). Switzerland has
no unemployment, no slums
and no strikes.
A country which has been
involved in no wars since the
Napoleonic days, Switzerland
has one of the best armies in
Western Europe. It's land and
air forces number some 100000
splendidly equipped and
trained men. Yet it has never
received a nickel under any
MSA or other bonanza pro-
grams which we have lavished
on other countries to help
them defend themselves.
Switzerland has to import
every pound of cotton, raw
silk and wool from abroad.
Yet it is leading most other
countries with it's manufacture
of cotton, silk and wooden
goods. It has neither coal,
iron nor aluminium. Yet it's
engines, hydroelectric turbines
and other heavy industrial
products are not only compet-
ing, but underselling our own
as we'll as the British and Ger
man similar products in the
world markets. Nothing shoddy
is produced in this country.
The shoes exported to Europe
and South America are first
class quality and sell below our
better -claSs products. So are
the typewriters and chemicals.
The most remarkable char
acteristic of this nation Of
some 4 million inhabitants is
that there is no particular
Mister Big" You may spend
months reading the excellent
Swiss newspapers without ever
seeing in print the name Of
the President of Switzerland
Philip Elter) or his pic
ture. Not one man in a
Evening star., 1953-10-06
Constantine Brown

Constantine Broion resumes
his column today as he con-
cludeS a DGcGtion IN Europe
and begins q surrey tour of
OGTiouS European countries.J
ZURICH, Switzerland-(By
Air MaiD Switzerland, ex-
cept for the city of Geneva,
which still is the center of
many international activities,
is virgin territory for American
newspapermen.
Nothing worthy of a head
line ever happens except in
Geneva. The Swiss have not
even claimed to have Comrade
Lavrenti Beria hidden in their
mountain Businesses, though
their remarkable "SicherheitS
Polizei" (the Swiss FBD, one
of the most efficient secret
services in the world, has quite
a number of shady foreign
characters under it's super
vision.
Switzerland is officially
strictly neutral in the East
West conflict. In keeping with
this policy it's security officers
do not interfere with the activ-
tiles of these individuals and
agents unless they commit
overt acts against the Swiss
laws.
The IS. P" (Sicherheits
PolizeD has voluminous files
on Balkan tycoons who, unable
to buy their way into the
hearts of the Kremlin rulers,
have now gone to America to
start on new unsavory careers.
Because nothing of world in
terest ever happens in Switzer-
land outside of occasional de-
velopments at Geneva, Ameri-
can reporters seldom venture
east Of that city, unless it is
for recuperation, rest and
probably the best and cheapest
tuck in" in Europe.
Switzerland is, however, a
unique country. It has prac-
tically no raw materials, yet it
is an important industrial
country. It has not received a
Evening star., 1953-10-06
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

The Yankees win their fifth straight World Series But the
club penazng the Yank yearmakng them
all the to Baltimore to beat the ST. Louis Browns
Ike seeks injunction to halt the ongshoremen strike for
80 days It's hoped the dockers will hard all winterso
they enjoy their vacation during John Lewis coal
strike.
Vice President Nixon leaves for two-month round heworld
You don't catch these Republicans standing stno
they spend two months getting back where they started
Turkey wins election to the u N Security Counclhats the
outfit big nations that prevents small nations fighting until
they're big enough to belong to it.
Gov. Earl Warren smiles Americas 14th
Chief Justice No wonder he's happy-a lifetime Republican
with more dues to pay.
Ike reveals that he's broken 80 three times this This
administration spreads its economies evenly Every time cuts
the Air it another the
William Schnitzer AF Treasurer the press
ing Republican mistakes. Trouble every
administration makes mistake labor union grabs
page with bigger
Evening star., 1953-10-06

hundred knows even his name.
I asked the dignified and ALL
knowing head porter of the
hotel who was the president
of the republic. He thought
for a few seconds, looked at
some books on his desk then
replied: II am sorry but I
shall have to let you know
later" I put the same ques-
ton to a professor at Zurich
University "a physicianO. He
was less embarrassed and re-
piled quickly: II have no
idea"
The head of the state Is
elected once a year by the ma
tional legislature and very few
people outside Berne, the
Washington of Switzerland,
care or bother as to who that
figurehead may be. 7 happened
to meet last years chief exec
utive at a luncheon in Berne.
He is now the minister of ma
tional defense - and remains
as anonymous as far as the
Swiss and other peoples are
concerned-as when he was
head of the federation.
This country has only one
"Mr. Big: the average citizen.
He alone counts in a republic
where industry, trade and
farming have overwhelming
precedence over politics.
The Swiss parlia m e n t,
elected by all male citizens
who have reached the age of
20, may have a Conservative or
Social-Democrat majority. But
the ever-careful Swiss who are
elected and form the cabinet
are mindful to give several
ministerial portfolios to the
defeated opposition. This is
not regarded here merely as
good strategy; it is in keeping
with the fair-play notions Of
the people that the opposition
should also have a hand in the
conduct of national affairs.
There is probably less govern
ment interference and less
law-making in this country
than anywhere else.
Evening star., 1953-10-06

remain on the tax rolls of the
community in which it is located.
The measure also would extend
the authority of the Postmaster
General to lease quarters for
post Office purposes.
The subcommittee, which is
expected to conduct hearings on
the measure under Senator Mar
tins plan, is the one handling
buildings and grounds. It is
headed by Senator Kuchel, Re-
publican, of California. It in
cludes also Senators Bush Of
Connecticut and Beall of Mary
land, Republicans; Holland Of
Florida, Stennis Of Mississippi
and Gore of Tennessee, Demo-
Gratis.
This committee held a brief
hearing on the general subject
of such legislation July "a. A
House-approved measure was re-
ferred to the Public Works Com
mittee for consideration.
Evening star., 1953-10-06

profound respect. ! was speak
ing of the essential function
of the courts under our system
in interpreting and applying
constitutional safeguards, and
was emphasizing the i'm
portance of maintaining the
courts in the highest public
esteem as our final judicial ar
biters and the inadvisability of
reedlessly exposing them to
criticism and disrespect by
throwing upon them the bur-
den of dealing with purely ad-
ministrative questions"
A rereading of the text of
his famous Elmira, N. Y,
speech, reprinted in the Pusey
biography, confirms the above
exposition Of Mr.. Hughes
thought. But the words will
doubtless be quoted again and
again to support the thesis of
a certain school of thought
which mistakenly holds that
after all there are nine votes
on the Supreme Court and that
decisions, are made by reason
Of political predictions or
theological prejudices.
There may be some men who
have been on the bench and
decided questions that way,
but the American people sin
cerely hope that Earl Warren
will not be one of them and
that he will be guided by his
conscience and not by legis-
lative or political impulses.
The Supreme Court again
and again has said that it is
not the duty of the court to
revise existing laws or make
new laws, that the remedy for
bad laws is to be found at the
ballot box and that the best
way to amend the Constitution
is by the means provided in
the Constitution itself.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1953-10-06

report provides for acquisition
of title for real property in the
construction of public buildings
by the administrator of General
Services and the Postmaster
General by means of purchase
contract agreements and term
lease agreements for the accom-
mediation of activities Of the
Federal Government"
Historically. the Government
has obtained the space it needs
either through construction, or
by rental of privately-owned
space.
1.-THE result has been," ex-
planned the House committee re-
port, that the Government in
many cases has rented the same
buildings for periods as long as
40 to so years" Substantial
savings to the Government would
result, it was predicted, by op-
GRAFTON of the House-passed
legislation.
The bill provides that when
the Government purchases a
building it would pay the owner
on installments similar to rent.
But until the building is paid
for and the title passed to the
Government the property would
Evening star., 1953-10-06
Lowell MeHett-

The congressional elections
are more than year away but
in many States candidates for
election or reelection to the
Senate are now campaigning.
Candidates for House seats
are campaigning in every
State. Which brings up the
perennial, but increasingly i'm
portant, problem of campaign
expenditures. Campaigns have
long cost too much. The cost
is now becoming almost pro-
hibitive to any man who is not
wealthy or who is unwilling to
accept the wrong kind of
money.
True, many men of limited
means have been elected to
Congress and many such are
likely to be elected next fall,
but in most cases they are
able to accomplish this only
by overstraining themselves
financially and physically.
On the physical side they must
endeavor by the expenditure
of energy to overcome the lack
OF finances. 1t is possible to
believe that campaigns as now
conducted cost too much in
terms of physical energy as
well as in money.
Take the case of Senator
Hubert Humphrey of Mime
sofa. Humphrey is an OPEN
minded, hard-working mem
Der of the Senate, a serious
student of national and in
ternational affairs, something
much better than any self
seeking politician or spokes-
man for any special interest
or, for that matter, any poll
tical party. He would like, no
doubt. to devote himself dur
ing the present recess to the
problems that will face Con-
gresS when it reconvenes in
January. He is compelled in
stead to take to the highways
and country roads of Mime
sofa as part of the everlasting
business of keeping himself
elected. Minnesota is big
state, 400 miles from corner
to corner. The indefatigable
Humphrey has driven his 4
year-old car $4,000 miles in
the past two months.
Humphrey Is doing no more
Evening star., 1953-10-06

mine-laye nearby suggests
what would happen to any
skipper who got reckless. The
houses have dwindled in size
and number; there is no no
ticeable activity on either
shore. Quiet reigns. It is time
to turn around toward Europe.
It requires practically no
imagination to suggest what
Russian Illustrations lie penned
up behind that visible and
def1nitive boom now at your
back.
Istanbul remains, of course,
by far the most interesting
city in Turkey for the visitor;
it's history, location and st.
Sophia insure that. In the
famous Betty Karp, the United
States consulate also has a
unique guide to one of the best
baZaarS OF the world. Conrad
Hilton Is underscoring the
city's appeal with a new hotel,
much to the relief Of all Amer
leans who must cope with the
conventions which insist on
meeting here despite totally
inadequate hotel accommoda-
tions.
Ataturk removed the capital
from Istanbul and built An
kara as part of his resolution
to turn Turkeys face west and
break with ancient ills and
corruption. 1t still has much
to tell the new planners about
the starlet's potential and her
problems in the years before
she will be able to carry the
show by herself.
(Released by The Bell Syndicate, Inc)