davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Dorothy Thompson:

The London Daily Express
commented last week:
If any Of the returning
prisoners have come back to
the United Kingdom converts
to communism, 1t should make
no difference to the warmth Of
their reception. The people at
home understand that in en-
forced captivity many issues
can appear :, in a distorted
guise. The old familiar scenes,
the British way Of life
may quickly reconvert them"
This, Of course, is the atti-
tude which any civilized So
ciety, confident in itself,
would take. II men are sent
to fight Communists, and are
captured, they certainly will
be subjected to Communist
indoctrination. We have one
detailed report on how Chi
nese Communists go about
this. Father Mark Tennien,
a Maryknoll missionary in
China, was imprisoned and
given the whole treatment.
Father Tennien was
astounded at the Communists
seeming faith that such in
Goctrination would really
convert people. He managed
to keep a detailed diary and
records the contents of the
whole courSe-including songs
the prisoners were taught to
sing, and which he sang
Justify.
Father Tennien is a highly
educated man who derived no
little grim amusement from
the American history" he
was taught. He is also a
man Of burning religious faith.
It Is possible that a man with
less knowledge or faith might
be temporarily taken in by
such education, but it is diff
cult to believe that it would
stick, once he was free. Most
people are not politically
taught by organized instruc-
ton but by experience of life.
One thing common to most
soldiers in all armies is dislike
of brass" and hatred of be-
ing treated as an object, a
category, a case.
The first reception in South
Korea of the returned Ameri-
can prisoners, as I saw it
on television, was callous, I
thought. They faced a barrage
of cameras and questions be-
fore they could Whit free air.
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Dorothy Thompson:
The Basic Right to Be Let Alone
What Our Returning POWs Need, 'Oriented or Not,
Is Just Peace, Quiet, Affection and Home Again

gave a loud. rude. and
thoroughly American Bronx
cheer.
AS a means of reorientation
just what has this preposterouS
incident accomplished?
Is it likely to make these
men, wounded or i'll, two Of
them tubercular, all Of them
veterans of months or years
of war prison, more enthusi-
astically patriotic about Amer
lea?
What these men need, and
all veterans need. is peace.
quiet, and affection.
I think it was Mr.. Justice
Cardozo who said, "A primary
human right, and the right
most cherished by civilized
men, is the right to be let
alone"
Leave men alone and they
will readjust themselves from
what, in any case, has been a
hideous experience. Home
the old, familiar American
way of life-will cure those
spiritual wounds which most
men suffer in war, if anything
will cure them.
The whole incident has been
un-American in the most pro-
found sense of that abused
word.
And whoever is to blame will.
we predict. be reoriented by
the American people.
Evening star., 1953-05-06

fact ready to save it, in vital
foreign policy measures. If
the President intercedes with
Congress to support Demo-
Gratis in these matters, which
he thus far has shown no
inclination to do, then Demo-
Gratis can take the credit. If
he refuses, they will keep re-
minding the voters. AS, for
example, Senator Hill, Demo-
crat, Of Alabama has just
done in aiming his remarks
at a section that turned up
such a great multitude Of
Eisenhower voters last No
vember.
Senator Hill said "the
Southern States will suffer
most If Congress carries out
the Republican administra-
tion's recommendations for
sharp cuts in our agriculture,
soil conservation. REA. rural
telephone. hospital, health and
vocational education pro-
grams"
All the publicity avenues Of
the CIO and AFL are telling
the story also to their mem
bers all over the country. with
chapter and verse, and in de-
tail. They phrase and dia-
gram the appropriation bill
shenanigans so that labor
readers get it clear and plain.
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Critical Eyes View Foreign Aid
MSA Not Likely to Get Much Sympathy From Congress;
1t Takes Some Time for Spendthrift to Live 1t Down

actual capabilities. For in
stance, France with a national
income of about $40 billion
provides only 10 per cent Of it
for national defense. Britain
spends about II per cent of her
national income for defense
purposes; the Netherlands with
a national income Of $40 bill
lion has a defense budget of
$700 million. The United
States has a national income,
of $3.50 billion and spends
some Is per cent of this total
on national defense at home
and abroad.
The NATO is a coalition in
tended to secure a wall against
possible Soviet aggression. It
would seem that all the ma
tions which have entered VOL
UNFAIRLY into this alliance
would do their utmost to make
it as effective as possible and
be prepared to make sacrifices
in proportion to those made by
the American people. This ap-
parently is not the case.
The Western defense wall Is
still a cardboard contraption in
a steel frame. The steel frame
is the six American divisions
between the Elbe and the
Rhine. Despite the desperate
need to find some more props
for this uncertain wall. our
French allies have managed so
far to sabotage the preferred
assistance of IL divisions which
the German government was
until recently willing to. organ
ize for the NATO forces.
The Senate and House Ap-
preparations Committees are
determined to go over with a
finetooth comb the administra-
tion's request for $5.8 billion
for the 1854 fiscal year. In the
light of the extravaganza Of
the co-ordinator's Office and
the meager positive results in
the building of the European
west wall, the prospects of ap-
proving even this reduced
amount appear slim.
Evening star., 1953-05-06

Most of them were tight
mouthed, probably for excel
lent reasons. They had buddies
still in prison camps, against
whom anything they said
might be used.
Then came the closely CEN
sored, yet highly advertised,
flight home of the % victims
of Communist propaganda" to
the Valley Forge hospital
where, reporters were told.
they were to be reoriented.
Their names were not dis
closed, "lest they should be
marked for life" In short.
having escaped from one set
Of political commissars they
were to fall under the loving
care of another set.
This was as closely guarded
as an arranged publicity stunt.
In "a hours. the whole country
knew about it, including the
place where all but one were
hospitalized.
What those responsible had
left out of reckoning was the
men themselves. They are
patients, not prisoners. They
are not in a Communist
country, but home in free
America; the press has dis
played normal curiosity; and
the patients have refused to
play the role assigned. Some
declared themselves "too bit
ter" to be interviewed. all felt
"insulted," but most Of them
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Fletcher Knebei:
Potomac Fever

The Senate ends the long debate giving oil tdeands
It time to quit talking Sen
hoare they could hardly order another script
their ghost-writers.
British pilot London police by flying under IS
Thames bridges That's the kind Of spirit you can't nd
Washington-where they duck than OBJ
stacle at time.
The Eisenhower administration Congress
foreign aid Eventually it's hoped to train allies in
hepso economic by installing cafeteria system
a Treasury vaults
The House refuses to give cabinet officers the power
anybody. It's simple Of mathematics too people
fired there won't be anybody left Congress to investigate
The Esenhowers turn down all offers of pets except canary
named High Glory They're saving store the 10 tons
Of bseed darn fool will send them he learns
they canary.
1t Gen. Harrison. U. N. chief the Reds Of
negotiating smokescreen in Korea the Reds what
they they tricked wanting the
thing.
Britain reveals her exports to Red China increased times
last year. Britain figures boosts the English tommys
fighting sprhe has to fight 10 times hard get the stuff
back
Evening star., 1953-05-06

drawn that the adminiStra-
tor could, If he wished, use
MSA funds to buy all the
bridges across the Seine in
Paris and explain that this
was done in the best interests
of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization.
An illustration of lack Of
control over the funds re-
Gently was brought before one
of the appropriations COM
mittees. There is a hospital
in Paris known as the Ameri-
can Hospital. It is a private
enterprise organized nearly 80
years ago by a group of Ameri-
cans who contributed toward
the building of the first mod
ern hospital in the French
capital.
The hospital is not a chari-
table institution. All the pa
tients pay and the prices are
about the same as in a flrst-
class hospital in a large Amer
lean city. It is doing very well.
Congressional investigators
discovered to their surprise
recently that the MSA paid
out 100000 to the hospital
as :. morale booster" for the
Americans in France.
If Congress had wished to
help that hospital, which is
American only in name. since
the medical staff is French
and the institution pays taxes
like all other corporations in
France, it could have voted
such a donation. 1t certainly
was far from the minds of
the Senators and Representa-
tives to allot the taxpayers
money for such a purpose. The
amount involved in this con-
tribution is, of course, in
significant. But it indicates a
carelessnesS in handling the
taxpayers money by the Office
of the co-ordinator in Paris.
The study presented to
the appropriations committees
shows also that the efforts of
our Western European allies
do not correspond with their
Evening star., 1953-05-06

among Republicans is rally
ing now about the bill Of Rep
resentative Simpson, Republi-
can, of Pennsylvania. which,
while extending the reciprocal
trade act for a year, would
seriously restrict it's bargain
ing potentials.
In throwing his weight
against the crippling provi-
sions Of this bill, Secretary of
State Dulles clearly recognized
that he must rely upon Demo-
Gratis to win his way for a
straight one-year extension of
the law without change. AS
for foreign-aid appropriations.
the a administration has
trimmed its request Of Con-
gresS down to $50 billion from
the $7,861, 100000 figure rec
commended in the budget SUBJ
mitted to Congress by Presi-
dent Truman before he re-
tired. But even this is re-
garded as too high by some
Republicans and it is plain
that on foreign aid, too. the
administration must depend
on Democratic help to get. a
sum approximating what it
considers essential.
Democrats are fully aware
Of their Importance to the adj
miniStration in the closely di-
vided Congress and, in fact. Of
their Importance in maintain
ing a policy that is to the Ma
tion'S best interests as they
and the President see it. They
are likewise aware, being poll
ticians one and all. Of the
value Of their support on vital
foreign policy issues to their
Evening star., 1953-05-06
YoungdohFs Strange Approach
Jursts Prejudgment Of baltimore Perjury Indictment
Raises Question of Whether He Can Hold Fair Trial

tive at best" and that a jury
should not be asked Ito deter
mine an issue which can be de-
cided only on conjecture"
But, strangely enough, Judge
Youngdahl did not take into
consideration the possibility
that a man could be a pro
moter" and do physical acts Of
promotion" which would be
overt and not just within his
own mind. It is susceptible Of
proof whether a mans activ-
tiles show that he is or is not
a deliberate promoter Of GER
tain beliefs or causes. The
Communist line In America for
several years now has argued
that Communism is a mere
matter Of political belief. Ac-
tually mere belief in anything
by one individual is not unlaw-
full by itself but when combined
with what Justice Jackson Of
the Supreme Court has de-
scribed as guilt by asSocia-
tion," individual acts become
more pertinent. especially If
they indicate a Conspiracy: to
overthrow the Government by
violence.
But the case here does not
turn on whether the accused Is
a believer in any doctrine as
such, but whether he told the
truth when he said that his &C
tivities did not constitute q pro-
motion Of a particular cause.
Surely a jury could decide that.
without probing into a mans
mind, but by considering only
the testimony Of witnesses to
overt acts if competent wit
nesses can be produced.
There were minor points on
which the Judge dismissed one
of the other counts. Thus he
said that, because the Govern
ment used the word "Commu-
mist Party" instead of Com
munist authorities" he felt
obliged to find that count
fatally defective. The issue
was whether baltimore lied
when he denied that. in
order to get into Yenan
on a trip to the Far East, he
had made "prearrangements
with the Communist Party"
This defect can be cured by a
new indictment using the word
authorities"
The likelihood, however, is
that the Justice Department
will appeal every one Of the
four counts which Judge
Youngdahl threw out. It is
hardly probable that there will
be a trial on the three counts
remaining until after the U. S.
Court Of Appeals or possibly
the Supreme Court shall have
ruled on the Youngdahl deci-
sion.
(Keproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Doris FIeeson:

President Eisenhower has
sent a $6-billion foreign aid
bill to Congress, which is a
reduction of nearly 81 billion
from the foreign aid estimate
in the Truman budget. Even
so, 1t is taken for granted that
Congress will cut such spend
ing even more.
Mutual Security Administra-
tor StaSsen has no reserves to
throw into the battle against
the economizers. Senator Taft
was never very hot about the
program. Present House Re-
publican leaders led bitter
fights to cut every foreign aid
figure proposed by Mr.. Tru-
man.
Even his private brain trust
has let Mr.. StaSsen down. In
a widely publicized Operation
Knowhow which practically
left the National Association
Of Manufacturers without a
quorum, Mr.. StaSsen dis
patched abroad IS top busi-
ness leaders to survey his new
empire.
They are home now but
their report Is still being ed
tied, oStensibly for security
reasons. A well-founded rumor
suggests that the security rea-
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Scots Open Legal Fight To Change Queens Title

land. The use of the title Eliza
beth has chosen. they warned.
may "give rise to disturbances.
breaches Of the peace and vio-
lence."
John Clyde, appearing for the
United Kingdom, argued that a
court of law could not chal-
lenge the Queens title.
Lord Guthrie. president Of the
court. adjourned the hearing
until next Tuesday.
Militant Nationalists earlier
this year wrecked an Edinburgh
post Office box bearing the new
royal cipher E II r elizabeth II
Regina). Windows of shops
bearing the cipher on coronation
souvenirs have been smashed.
Evening star., 1953-05-06

Philip Jessup two years ago.
After he became head Of
Mutual Security, House and
Senate Democratic leaders
also were quick to note that
he made partisan political
speeches in the foreign policy
field. knowing that Demo-
cratic support was necessary
to any program Mr.. Stassen
might undertake, these vet
erans charged up to him both
bad manners and political in
eptitude.
In a sense this failure is the
Presidents. He named Mr..
Stassen to head what is essen
TALLY a bipartisan undertaking
when he had only just been
elected and plainly did not
foresee the nature Of the
struggle ahead. Even Mr.. Tru-
man, stubborn and partisan
as he could be, was brought to
see by the late Senator Van
denberg the Importance of the
personality chosen to head
foreign aid. Senator Vanden-
berg, in fact, insisted upon
Paul Hoffman, a Republican,
to start off the original ECA, a
choice which proved one of the
programs major assets.
Evening star., 1953-05-06

clusion Of the other commit
tee is to cause more puzzle
ment.
The only reference that
Judge Youngdahl makes to
the McCarran committee re-
port is to say that "appar-
emily the committee could dis
cover no evidence from its
investigation of the testimony
Of theSvarious witnesses that
defendant lied in denying
that he was a Communist, a
member Of the Communist
Party. a Soviet spy or a fell
low traveller"
Here is an attempt by the
judge to evaluate the Senate
committees work and yet, so
far as conclusions are con-
cerned, he apparently ignores
the fact that the Senate COM
mittee did ask the Department
of Justice to submit the per-
jury charges to a Federal
grand jury and did. point to
specific contradictions which,
In its judgment, merited at
tention. Is 1t the duty Of a
Senate committee to submit
all it's evidence Of alleged per-
jury before the trial begins or
is it the duty Of the Justice
Department to do so during
the trial itself?
Judge Youngdahl did say.
with reference to the three
counts that remained for trial.
that 1.-The question Of materi-
ality, like the question Of
pertinency. is a question Of
law for the court to decide
when the Governments evi-
dence is in or at the conclu-
sion of all the testimony"
But If that's to be the pro-
cedure, then why did Judge
Youngdahl feel it necessary,
even without hearing any evi-
dence, to cast doubt on the
counts in the indictment left
to be tried? This and other
questions are being asked as
the case is being discussed
among lawyers here, some of
whom say the Youngdahl de-
cision is quite unprecedented.
Another cause for puzzle
ment is Judge Youngdahl's
comments as he dismissed the
f1rst-and what is considered
by all sides as the most i'm
portant-count in the indict-
ment. He said:
Under this count, the de-
fendant is charged with lying
in denying that he had never
been a sympathizer or pro-
moter of communism or Com
muniSt interests"
The judge added that sym
pathies and beliefs and what
they mean to different individ-
uals involve concepts that are
highly nebulous and specula-
Evening star., 1953-05-06
David Lawrence:

When U. s. District Judge
Luther Youngdahl the
former Governor Of Mime
sofa who was appointed by
President Truman in politi-
cal maneuver that caused quite
a furry in Republican ranks
in the NorthweSt-threw out
four of seven counts in the
indictment against Owen Lat
timore, quite a lot Of curiosity
and puzzlement was aroused
in legal circles here. For the
judge was not content to dis
miss the four counts but in his
written opinion said there was
serious doubt in the courts
mind whether any count in
this indictment can finally
pass the test Of materality."
The curiosity arises because
it Is being asked: How can a
Federal judge who has ex-
pressed doubt about the three
remaining counts in an indict-
ment give a fair trial to the
Government Of the United
States In prosecuting the case
when he has already prejudged
the issues? Wouldn't a Juror
be disqualified If he expressed
publicly such doubts before a
trial took place?
There is some question also
as to whether Judge Young
dahl has as yet been finally
assigned to the baltimore case
for trial but, If he has been,
then it would not be surprising
If the Government asked that
another judge be assigned in
view of this prejudgment.
Judge YoungdahlS opinion
arouseS puzzlement not be-
cause of the things he said
but the things he apparently
omitted to say or to take into
account in his formal opinion.
Thus, although it wasn't
necessary for Judge Young
dahl to do so to make his
point, he declared that the
Tydings committee Of the
Senate had investigated the
charges against Owen Latti-
more and concluded there
was no foundation to the
charges against him" One
would have thought in all
fairness that the judge would
have taken cognizance Of the
investigation made by a sec
ond Senate committee under
the craftsmanship of Senator
McCarran Of Nevada, which
also investigated the same
charges and spent an even
longer time doing it and then
came up with the conclusion
that Owen baltimore was "a
conscious, articulate instru-
ment of the Soviet conspiracy
in the United States" To
state the conclusion Of one
committee and omit the con-
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Thomas L. Stokes:
Thon1os L. Stokes:
Democrats Boi|inq Out President
Minority Party Saves Eisenhower From His Republicans,
Comes to His Aid on All Vital Foreign Policy Matters

The Eisenhower administra-
ton has reached the stage
where it needs Democratic
votes to carry through impor-
tant foreign policy measures.
This became evident as top
administration officials pa
raded this week before con-
gressional committees to plead
for a one-year extension of the
reciprocal trade program and
for appropriations for eco
nomic and military aid to our
free world allies.
On both, the President can
count upon overwhelming sup
port from Democrats. Both
are projections Of long-estab-
lished Democratic policy. The
reciprocal trade act was ap-
proved by Congress back in
1884 under sponsorship of
then Secretary Of State Cor
dell Hull; while the foreign
economic and military aid pro-
gram to help our allies with
stand communism was en-
bodied In the Marshall Plan
and North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization of the Truman ad-
ministration.
The Presidents trouble will
come from Republicans. In
the past they supplied the bulk
of opposition to the reciprocal
trade program under which
our State Department negoti-
ateS with other nations to
lower tariffs and other trade
barriers and were most active
In attempts to cut down for
eign aid funds.
The high-tariff contingent
Evening star., 1953-05-06

own future political fortunes.
Indeed, they overlook no op-
portunity to stress the Presi-
dents reliance on them.
They also recognize the bar
gaining position they enjoy
and. in fact. seem disposed to
capitalize upon it.
This takes them into the
field Of domestic policy where
progressive Democrats have
become alarmed over some
trends of the administration.
Some of this is not 50 appar-
ent to the public, as it hap
pens through the legerdemain
Of appropriation bills.
But Democrats are crying
the alarm. They cite the ac-
ton of the House in voting
to cut out funds for public
housing, so that this program
will be stopped completely.
They are pointing to admins
tration recommendations for
a 80 per cent cut in rural
electrif1cation loan funds and
a Is per cent slash in funds
for rural telephones, as well
as elimination Of funds for
transmission lines for the
Southeastern Power Admins
tration and proposed reduce
tions in medical research pro-
grams for cancer, mental and
heart diseases, arthritis and
rheumatism.
This, they say in effect. the
administration Is doing to
projects in the domestic field
in which they are interested.
and in which the public Is
interested. while they are
helping the administration, In
Evening star., 1953-05-06

A paralyzed young man with
a bright future few off into the
gray skies around National Air
port yesterday and headed for
Warm Springs, Ga.
BY now he's probably going
through the first steps Of pro-
gram designed to introduce him
to the struggle ahead.
Hugh G. Gallagher, 10, had
polio. And he's an example Of
what comes out Of a March Of
Dimes drive.
Hugh's family, Mr.. and Mrs.
H. r. Gallagher Of 1870 Lowell
street NV, have vivid memo
ries of a Homecoming at Haver-
ford College in Pennsylvania
just about a year ago.
The family went up to see
Hugh, a sophomore. Hugh felt
sick before the family arrived,
but he didn't mention it when
they got there. Mr.. Gallagher
remembers walking around the
campus with Hugh and noticing
the boys leg seemed to be drag
ing.
Paralysis Creeps to Lungs.
Then polio struck fast >. both
bulbar and spinal. 1t came so
fast Hugh can remember a feel
ing of paralysis creeping from his
legs to his lungs. He had the
presence of mind to tell the doc
tors, and four of them carried
him to an iron lung.
Hugh spent three months in
the lung. He was operated on
several timeS-once when he was
unable to cough. and tube was
inserted through his throat.
II never realized such pain ex-
isted," Hugh said. II never
knew during those months Just
how the rest of my life would
be affected.
MY arms get tired now, but
the brain seems fine"
Mr.. Gallagher said the big