davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-11-01
Trieste

After three weeks of fuss and
fury, the situation in Trieste was
just about what it had been when
the United States and Britain de-
cided to Withdraw their occupation
troops from the Free Territory's
Zone A and turn the area over to
the Italians. Despite great deal
of huffing and putting, Italy was
not at war with YugoSlavia, which
occupies Zone B, and a peaceable
solution along the lines of the
allied decision still appeared quite
likely.
Marshal Tito's government in
Belgrade had started out by
threatening to send troops into
Zone A "the moment" Italian
troops tried to move in. Italy had
countered by demanding that she
be given both zones. BY last week
Yugoslavia was agreeing to confer
with Italy, Britain, France and the
United States in an effort to
work out a settlement. And Italy,
Shushed by Britain and America,
was toning down her demands and
seemed to be coming around to the
idea that she should take as much
OF Zone A as she could get by
agreement and be thankful.
Only Britain and America looked
little ridiculous. Their original
purpose had been to give Italy
geographic equality" with Yugo-
slavia. This, they naively hoped,
would force the two nations to
work out their own problem" and
let the big powers rid them
selves Of an international head
ache. Now, after Tito's bellows and
Italy's protests, the allies were
willing-in fact, desperately anx-
iouS-to have a conference at
which everybody would sit down
and try to work out the problem
together. Until then, Secretary Of
State Dulles admitted, the occupa-
ton troops would probably have to
remain.
Evening star., 1953-11-01

debate on the ISrael-Arab question
into this week.
Dam OFF, Aid On
Meanwhile, Israel notified the
U. N. that all work would stop
Immediately on the Jordan River
project. Border raids also stopped.
Even before debate had ended, the
U. N. had brought some new secu-
rity to the Middle East.
Israel's action came just in time
for Secretary of State Dulles. He
had received a steady stream of
visitors urging him to relent on the
shelving of Israel aid. Among his
callers were three politically potent
Republicans: Irving Ives, Senator
from New York; Jacob K. JavitS,
Congressman from Manhattan,
and Harold Riegelman, mayor
atty candidate in New York City.
Israel'S cooperative attitude per-
mitted Mr.. Dulles to announce that
about $35 million in economic aid
would be sent to Israel, with more
to follow.
The U. N. continued to consider
action which would preserve the
existing quiet along the border.
No one had a plan firmly in mind,
but there was corridor discussion
of an enlarged force to help Gen.
Bennike patrol the borders, and of
a resolution criticizing Israel for
failure to abide more readily by
the supervisory groups decisions.
The underlying problem, how
ever, still was there: Israel wanted
a permanent peace treaty and
wanted to improve it's makeshift
boundaries, while the Arab ma
tionS wanted Israel to disappear
entirely. Gen. Bennike said last
week final solutions would come
only slowly and gradually.
Evening star., 1953-11-01
State Races

The most obvious beneficiary Of
the Presidents decision to support
all Republican candidates was
Paul L. Troast, candidate for Gov
ernor Of New Jersey. The implied
Eisenhower Endorsement came
none too soon for a man who must
go before the voters Tuesday on a
record which includes letter to
New York asking a pardon for a
jailed labor racketeer.
Mr.. Troast's interest in the
union figure, Joseph F. Fay, was
not unique-any number OF
Continued on Page A-29)
Evening star., 1953-11-01
Peace Talk

Serene and optimistic, Arthur H.
Dean, special allied delegate at
Panmunjom, attended daily ne
gotiating sessions with the Com
muniStS-and got nowhere.
Each day, Mr.. Dean waded
through the gummy Korean mud
to a thatched hut built squarely
on the cease-f1re line between
slave and free territory and talked
for about an hour with represent
atives of Red China and North
Korea. Each day he emerged as
unruffied as he entered and told
reporters that there were indica-
tions (almost imperceptible oneS)
that the Communists would sooner
or later start to negotiate seriously.
Perhaps a break would come in
10 or Is days, he said on one oc-
casion. Anyhow, he was deter
mined to be patient as long as
hope remained.
The negotiators were supposed
to be planning a Korean peace
conference. They were stuck last
week just where many other meet
ings with the Communists have
become Stuck-on the matter OF
an agenda. The Communists in
sisted that the agenda have for
its first item composition of the
conference" The second item
would be the time of the meeting;
the third, place of the meeting.
A Settled Issue
The allied view was that the
Red item number one had already
been decided in the United Ma
tions. Only the nations which
fought in Korea would be repre-
sented on the U. N. side. The
Communists could invite whom
ever they wanted to sit on their
side of the table.
All the Panmunjom meeting
needed to decide, Mr.. Dean said
again and again, was the time and
place for the big talks.
The Communists would not
bulge.
Then, on Friday, Mr.. Dean tried
to change the subject. Let's not
draw up an agenda, he suggested.
Let's just pick a time and place
for the conference and then 60
home. It was q minute shift In
Evening star., 1953-11-01
ONE OF THE obstacles to

0NE OF THE obstacles to
" universal free-world support
of an intelligent opposition to
communism has been the lack of
understanding in some countries
of the true nature Of the Commu-
niStS. Many persons believe the
evils of communism have been
exaggerated.
Last week, however, three en-
tightening pieces Of evidence were
added to the worlds case against
communism.
. Korean prisoners of war dem
onstrated that with men who know
communism best, it's democracy
35 to /.
. Another attempt to talk peace
with the Communists at Panmun-
jom was stalled.
. Photographic and documentary
evidence of the official Communist
policy Of brutality in Korea was
presented to the United Nations.
Evening star., 1953-11-01

British. Although some London
newspapers promptly urged
Churchill to fly to Moscow and see
Malenkov alone, sources close to
the Prime Minister indicated that
he had decided to wait with the
Americans for the Soviet response
to an invitation to attend a Big
-Four foreign ministers conference
on November 10. If Russia agreed,
this might be taken as the evil
dence of good faith demanded by
Washington, and Sir Winston
could then put forward his idea
again.
Evening star., 1953-11-01
POWs Soy NO

Explanation" sessions for pris-
oners who had refused to return
to their Chinese Communist or
North Korean homes had stalled
for two weeks. Chinese prisoners
had been willing to listen to the
Red explainers, but the North
Koreans would not. With typical
Communist perversity, the Red
officials refused to talk to the will
ing Chinese, but insisted the neu-
trail Indian custodial troops force
the unwilling North Koreans to
listen even If they had to be shot
down in droveS. The Indians
refused again to use force.
The whole thing seemed to be
a Communist stall. The Reds had
been rebuffed in previous explana-
ton sessions by Oil out of $50
Chinese prisoners, and seemed
willing to break up the exchange
explanation" program rather than
experience another humiliation.
The Indian forces spent most of
last week trying to assure the
North Koreans they could listen
to the explanations in safety and
be allowed a free choice of COM
munism or release, probably in
South Korea. The outlook for
Indian success at first was bad,
but then on Friday the prisoners
indicated they would cooperate.
One factor in their change of
attitude may have been the real
ization that if high percentage
of North Koreans rebuffed com
munism, the Reds would suffer
another serious loss of face.
On. Saturday, 459 North Koreans
were brought To the explanation
tents. They were held firmly by
Indian soldiers, but they still were
able to kick over tables and chairs
and spit and scream curses at the
Communist eXplainerS.
BY the end Of the day 438 Of
the prisoners had chosen democ-
racy and 81 had elected to return
to Communist North Korea. The
cumulative total stood at: 1889
for democracy, 40 for communism.
It was a SOLDERING demonstration,
particularly for India, Asia's lead
ing neutral" nation. Indian
spokesmen in Korea had said
privately they expected a good
percentage of the North Koreans
to choose their own homeland
rather than exile" in South Korea.
Evening star., 1953-11-01

they thought would serve their
purpose.
. Soviet personnel directed the
Interrogation of many American
flyers, took part in some interroga-
tions and trained Chinese interro-
gators.
- Confessions" were extracted
even after the truce had been
signed.
q The principle of the "condi-
toned reflex" first described by
the Russian Psychologist Ivan Paw
Low, was used by the Communists,
in addition to physical torture, to
break the will of the. prisoners and
to force them to help the Reds in
spreading false confessions.
DR.. Mayo's statements impressed
many of the delegates, but Soviet
Delegate Jakob Malik denied the
charges and said flyers who had
repudiated their confessions had
been forced to do so by the United
States.
Army Report
The atrocity charges, however,
were backed up by an 87-page
United States Army report. 1t con-
tained pictures of slaughter and
torture of prisoners of war so re-
voting that only few of the less
frightful ones were printed in any
newspaper. It contained eye
witness accounts of mass brutality
and reported that at least 6,113
American soldiers had been mur-
dered, tortured or mistreated by
the Communists.
Some of the Red soldiers who
had taken part in the atrocities
had been captured later, the report
said, and legal cases had been pre-
pared against 43 of them. The
men were released in the general
prisoner exchange, however. The
reason for their release, it was
pointed out, was that American
authorities feared the Communists
would retaliate against American
POWs if the guilty men were
punished.
The details of the report were
not new. An estimate of 6,720
atrocity deaths was made public
in November, 1851, by Col. James
M. Hanley, then judge advocate of
the 9th Army. Reached Friday
night at Camp Atterbury, Ind, Col.
Hanley said the new figure and his
earlier one came from substantially
the same data.
Pussyfooting Begins
At the time Col. Hanley released
his report, the Korean truce talks
were in their early stages. He was
criticized loudly and sharply for
uttering statements that might
upset the applicant. 1t was notable
that similar reaction was heard
last week in some U. N. quarters.
Following up the report, the
American U. N. delegation asked
the General Assembly to consider
atrocity charges.
Only "a hours after the Ameri-
can bombshell burst, Arab and
Asian delegates to the U. N. began
to pussyfoot. This moment, some
Of them said (hiding behind con-
venient diplomatic cloak of ano-
nymity) was perhaps not the best
time to bring up such a distasteful
subject as atrocities.
Even assuming the General As
sembly would act over Communist
opposition and Arab-ASian apathy,
the chances we're that any resolu-
ton it might pass would be as
toothlesS as frog.
In the u. N, the Reds doubtless
Evening star., 1953-11-01

position, but he hoped it would
encourage the Communists to
start moving toward a compromise,
It didn't.
It would be difficult for the
United States to go very far to-
ward compromise on the make.
up of, the political conference.
South Korean representatives sat
in on last weeks meetings and lis
tened carefully to the American
stand on Communist demands,
that "neutrals" attend the peace
, conference. If the United States
gave substantial ground, then
Syngrnan Rhee, it was feared, was
ready to end the truce independ-
emily.
Rhee's Stond
DR.. Rhee has always been sus-
piciouS of a truce with the Reds,
partly because a truce left Korea
cut in half and partly because of
his natural-and justified-sus-
picion of the Reds.
DR. Rhee had pledged himself,
however, to observe the truce for
80 days starting last Tuesday-the
day the political conference orig
inally was scheduled to start. But
after that 80 days, he said, South
Korea would walk out of the polit-
ical conference. What would hap
pen then, it was widely believed,
was that his South Korean army
would start shooting again.
Ironically, $4,000 presumably
anti Communist prisoners had
been placed by DR.. Rhee in the
most dangerous possible position
in case South Korea started the
war again. In a no-man's land
between the ROK and Communist
armies, the prisoners could easily
be the first casualties. These pris-
oners would have been safe in
South Korean territory today if DR..
Rhee had not forbidden Indian
custodial forces to set foot on
South Korean soil. There was,
after DR.. Rhee'S ukaSe, no place for
the explanation" to be held but
in the vulnerable neutral zone.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1953-02-07

oent OF Senior Class. Greetings and Re-
marks: DR.. Morgan E. Norris, 'OS, Trus-
tee, Miss Gertrude Perry, '11-'35, Presi-
dent, NHAA boswell E. Brooks, '21, Chrm.
Exec. Committee, William M. Hubbard '22
Chrm Fund Campaign
Founders Day Dinner-Speaker, Presi-
dent, Alonzo G. Moron of Hampton Insti-
tute.
Afternoon Session: Song Lift Every
Voice And Sing. Prayer by Mr.. Alexand-
er Williams. Welcome: On behalf of host
Chapter Mrs. Maude Gamble, Pres. On be-
half OF City of Charlottesville, Mayor Will
liam r. Hill. On behalf of the Charlottes-
Vile City Schols Mr.. Artley O. Hutton, Di-
rector OF Instruction. Response: Mr.. l.. r.
Binford, President of Richmond CHAPTER
Solo: THE Lords Prayer, Miss Felisco
Edwards of Burley High School. Address
Miss E. Estelle Thomas '33 Dean of Women
hampton Institute. Musical selection, Harry
L. Burleigh Chorus. Presentation of Speak
en- Thomas c. Walker, 'S3, Attorney at
Law, Gloucester, Va. Address, Thomas w.
Young, '26, President of Guide Publishing
Company, Norfolk, Va. A Spiritual Solo
Miss Clarice Coles of Burley High School,
Greetings from Alumni of Sister Colleges.
Mrs. Geneva Lightfoot Wright, Teacher.
Burley High School, Remarks, Alma Mater
Song. Adjournment. The program was en-.
joyed by all.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1953-02-07
Local ~" Observes
18th Anniversary
Sunday Afternoon

The William A. Hunton Branch YMCA
Will celebrate its 25th Anniversary this
Sunday, February 9Th at $3.50 P. M at the
First Baptist Church
Mr.. Thomas w. Young of Norfolk, Va.
one of Virginia's illustrous sons will be our
guest speaker. Attorney Young is holder
OF the Wolfe Journalism Honor Medal
member of the Twin City Bar Association.
National Bar Association, President of Kap-
pa Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity.
graduate of Hampton Institute and Ohio
State University, where he received his B.
SC. in Journalism and an IL B He is listed
In Who's Who In America, Director and
Secretary of Association Publishers. Inc
and last but by no means least, he is Presi-
dent of the Guide Publishing Company
AT this Anniversary Program, the Will
liam A. Hunton Branch will honor our first
past president of the board of directors, DR..
f. u. Downing, who will be retiring from
active service on the Board of Managers.
The ushers will be members of the Roam
oke chapter of the Frontiers of America.
group OF business and professional men of
Roanoke
Immediately following this service there
Will be a reception honoring Attorney
Young and DR.. Downing, to which all are
cordially invited to attend The hostesses
will be charming young women of the Roam
exc chapter of the Links Organization
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1953-02-07
Minks Make Comback
In D. c. Social WhirI
(By RANDOLPH L. WHITE,

III seems That the much-maligned mink
mas stepped out of his recently acquired
character as whipping boy" of certain Re-
publican politicians during thee 1862 cam
palgn, and has re-invaded the Nations Capi
tai as his own exquisite little self.
Society chatter appearing in a leadino
ID. c. daily mentions that Mrs Essen.
mower wore three different styles of mink
coats on Inauguration Day. Mrs. Clare
booth Luce, strikingly pretty in a mink
jacket. Mrs. Taft--was wearing mink coat
Mrs Margaret Chase Smith, the Senate's
cnly woman member-wore short mink
jacket. The same social item also included
MIS- John Foster Dulles, wife of the Secre
tary OF State and Mrs. Charles Wilson. wife
OF the Secretary of Defense as wearing
MINK coats, plus many other ladies' in the
diplomatic Corps, as well as many other
guests, who wore mink or Persian Lamb
One noticeable exception, however. is
that Mrs. Nixon, wife of the veen--"NTv
BOY Nixon who was rescued" at Wheel
lng--wore respectable Republican coat.
And, to think that the ladies of the
democratic Party have been afraid to don
their minks for fear of unfavorabIe COM
ment, ads insult to injury.
1t all goes to show that if you are a
mink, it depends upon your breed--Demo-
crat or Republican--as to your prowlino
success around Washington, D. c.. nowaday.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1953-02-07
National Hampton Alumni Association
Entertained By Charlottesville CHAPTER

The following program was beautifully
carried out at the Middle Atlantic Regional
Conference of the National Hampton Alum
nj Association which met recently with the
Charlottesville Chapter as host at Jeffer-
son School Morning session: Mrs. w. Mon
teirs, Presiding Devotions-Led by j. Alex
ander Williams "a, Pres Newport News.
Chapter. Annual address Mrs V. w. Mon
teiro, 'O3, '35, 40, Pres. of Conference. IL 100
Il 80 T. M. Panel: Strengthening Alumni
Loyalty to Hampton in an Age of Tensions"
through l. Alumni help in winning friends
for Hampton j. st. Clair, '4S, Retired
Principal and Teacher of Vocational Agri-
culture, st. Clair Walker High School,
Christchurch, Va. 2. Alumni Help In Raising
FUNDS for Hampton Miss Edna E. Holmes,
~, Teacher of Home Economics, Dunbar.
High School, Lynchburg, Va. 8. Alumni
Help in Student Recruiting Elmer T. Haw-
klns, '33, Principal, Henry Highland Gar
nett High-Elementary School, Chesterton,
Nd a. Alumni Help in Finding Employ
ment for Hampton Trained Persons-James
b. Woodson, '27, Principal, Luther H. Eos
ter High School, Nottaway, Va. Coordina-
tor &c. James Gholson, '39, Principal Fair
mont Heights Junior-Senior High School.
Prince George County, Md
Greetings and Remarks on t'Strengthen-
ing Loyalty in Future Alumni Bernard r.
Fielding, 50, Charleston, S. C. }, Presi-
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1953-02-07
Pastors Retirement Fund
Campaign Launched At
First Baptist Church

The First Baptist Church
made history last Sunday
when it launched a campaign
to create a Pastors Retire
ment Fund" The project was
effectively presented by Mrs.
Virginia Y. Lee, Secretary
of the special committee ap-
pointed to draft plans for the
creation and support of the
fund. The Pastor and commit
tee members alone contribu-
ted $1,000 to the fund as a
starter.
The project having been
approved by the church Of
ficers, the following commit
tee was appointed to organ
ize and plan its operation un-
der the guidance of an out
standing legal advisor:
Rufus Lash, chairman, Mrs
Matte B. Morris, vice chair
man, Mrs. Virginia Y. Lee.
Secretary, Harry B. Wright,
assistant secretary; S. H.
Watson, treasurer; P. R.
Cowan, Charles w. Poindex-
ter, j. K. Trent, church Clerk
and DR.. L. E. Paxton, chair
man of the deacons board.
The committee emphasized
that the fund will make the
twilight of their illustrious
pastor, DR.. A. l.. James, one
to be spent in happiness be-
cause of the tangible demon
stration on the part of the
church members to have him
assured that he need not
walk In fear of neglect, in
appreciation, or lack of a
sympathetic means of regu-
lar support from his members
and friends.
This retirement fund idea
originated through and by
the earnest urge and devotion.
Of a loyal member of the
church, Rufus A. Lash, who
was DESTROYS of providing a
means of financial security
for DR.. James on his ap-
preaching retirement. DIR.
James has served the church
as its minister for the past
thirty-four years.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1953-02-07
EisenhOwer's State Of
The Union Message
(By Randolph l.. White)

10y handOlpn IL. Whlte)
In straight from the shoulder talk,
president Eisenhower delivered his State
OF the Union message before Congress- last
Monday
Touching on the Korean struggle, Ike
notified Congress that he is recalling the
Hh Fleet from Formosan waters to end
Americas protection" of Red China.
He asked Congress to repudiate the
Yalta Agfeement--the secret pact entered
into with Stain by the late FDR and Chur-
chlll--eXplaining that he was against "se-
cret'' understandings.
The President offered the Nations tax
payers no hope of any immediate reduction
in their taxes when ne explained that the
budget must be balanced before reduction
In taxes can be seriously considered. He re-
minded Congress that his administration
had Inherited the burden of indebtedness and
obligations and deficits from the previous
administration which he claimed might
reach the sum of 275 billion dollars.
Ike ventured prediction that with the
ending OF price controls, some prices will
rise while others will fall.
Referring to Russia's possession of the
atomic bomb, Eisenhower said this country
has reliable evidence that the USSR has
atomic weapons. Thus Ike emphaticaly con-
eradicted Ex-President Humans recent
claim that Russia does not have workable
A-bomb.
Continuing his Straight talk" Ike prom
ised TO do everything within his power as
President to abolish race segregation in the
Nations Capital and in the Armed Forces.
L
the matter of racial segregation. However.
he did indicate that he would seek through
FRIENDLY conferences with state and city
authorities ways to alleviate the racial stu
alton.
On Foreign Policy, the President said
the free world must wrest the initiative
from the Communists through unity A I'm
Continued to page eight)
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1953-02-07
Booker 7. Washington
Jr. High School Presents
|" Negro History Week
Play Monday, Feb. 9

Negro History Week which is to be cele
DRAFTED February 8-15 will be observed at
the Gainsboro Branch Library with varied
activities in keeping with the general theme
The theme for this year is NEGRO HIS
TORY AND HUMAN RELATIONS"
The purpose of Negro History Week.
celebrations are to popularize the study of
the Negro Life and History, and secure
more interest in it's promotion.
This year a group of students from the
Booker T. Washington Jr. High School, UNI
der the able direction of Misses Alice Tur-
ner and Marionette Shaw, will present a
play entitled NEGRO HISTORY AND
HUMAN RELATIONS" at the Gainsboro
Branch Library. The play, an original pro-
duction of Misses Turner and Shaw will
show how wise participation in the theme
NEGRO HISTORY IN HUMAN RELA-
TIONS" will help eliminate crime. super-
stitlons, disease, illiteracy and economic in
security In our own community. An exami-
nation of our immediate community ills will
be made by students representing the fol-
lowing characters: Survival, Religion"
Freedom" Fellowship" "Curiosi ty,"
Beauty" and play"
The following pupils of the Booker T.
washington Jr. High School represent the
cast for the play to be presented at the Ii
brary on Monday, February 9, at as d. m.
judith Ann Law, James Banks Pat
rick Johnson Rosa Johnson, Mamie Wilder,
Theresa billiard, Marshall Woods, Helen
Wright, Silas Barnes, George Gamer, Ralph
Holland, James Prunty, James DasS;s. Fred
erlck Clark, Jack Gilmore, Norton Wilder.
Joyce Easley, Rosa Rucker, Audrey Banks
dale, and Dorothy Dudley.
Soloists: Samuel Bolden, James Sinns
and Raymond Perry. Dance Group: Selma
Saunders, George Moore. Thomasine Terry.
Amos Petty, DonneR Coles, Mary Coles.
Lacy Randolph, Lena Harris Melvin Muir
ply, Shiela Smith, Janice West Alfred
burrell, Rebecca Butler, John Ellis. Bar
bara Smith, Gordon Moore, James Rice.
Jean Macklin, Eddie Gravely, Maxine Crow
der, and James Hicks
A special exhibit featuring the works
OF an outstanding Negro local artist is be-
ing arranged, as well as the display of i'm
portant publications on the Nero Book