davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-22

shals, an admiral and Gen.
Shtemenko so that they even
tually would die. The government
said most of the doctors were
tied up with an American Jewish
relief organization and all were
linked with United States and
British spying.
(ThiS dispatch did not say
whether i'll health might have
been a factor in Gen. Shte-
menko's replacement by Mar
shall Sokolovsky.)
!. Marshal Sokolovsky is a full
member of the central committee
of the Communist Party and is a
candidate for a seat on the Mos
cow city Soviet in elections to be
held tomorrow. Gen. Shtemenko
is an alternate member of the
central committee which was
chosen at the party'S Congress
last October.
Decorated by Montgomery.
Marshal Sokolovsky, now 56,
rose high in Soviet military coun-
ellis in World War II. He was pro-
NOTED to colonel general in June,
1912, and then to full general in
August, 1943. A month later he
led his army across the Dnieper
and recaptured SmolenSk from
the Germans. He was chief Of
saff of the first Ukrainian front
under Marshall Ivan Konev in
1945 and liberated Krakow.
Poland.
After that he broke through
German defenseS in southeastern
Germany. captured six cities and
led the way to victory at Breslau
in Silesia, Germany. He became
a hero of the Soviet Union when
his forces captured Berlin five
months later.
Marshal Sokolovsky was decor
ated as a knight commander OF
the British Empire by Field Mar
shall Lord Montgomery in Berlin
in 1945 and received the Order of
Lenin, RuSSia's top award. on
his 5Oth birthday, July 20. 1947.
. He was promoted to marshal
in June, 1916 and became chief
of the Soviet military admins
tration in Germany in Novem-
ber. 1946.
Figured in Blockade.
(Marshal Sokolovsky, as
military commander in Ger
many, was a stubborn oppon-
ent of the West and carried
out policies which produced
| the 1948-49 blockade of Ber-
lin. The blockade, countered
by a gigantic Allied airlift.
was ended after he was recalled
and Gen. VASTLY Chuikov re-
| placed him. Gen. Lucius D.
Clay, former United States
commander in Germany. once
said he regarded Marshal
! Sokolovsky as very COM
petent man" militarily0
During his term as deputy
minister of the armed forces.
Marshal Sokolovsky accused the
United States and Britain of Gre
ating artificial tensions in inter-
national relations and said the
"anti-democratic camp headed
by the United States" is prepar-
ing a new war. He also repeated
Soviet charges that the Western
Allies carried out "only limited
operations" against Germany in
World War II.
Gen Shtemenko also has as
sailed what he called Western
warmongers and said the Soviet
armed forces stand ready to re-
sist aggreSSorS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
New Headache for Iran

Iran has taken upon itself new headache,
the enforcement of prohibition against the use
of alcoholic beverages.
After only five hours Of debate, the Maths
passed unanimously a prohibition law spon-
sored by the Moslem bloc in the legislature. A
period of six months has been granted to the
government to draw up enforcement regulations
which will be subject in turn to parliamentary
approval cabinet spokesman for Premier
Mossadegh estimated mournfully that the ac-
ton will wipe out an industry employing 10000
persons and bringing SITS million In annual
revenue to the government
Since the Islamic faith enjoins the use Of
alcohol, predominantly Islamic Iran has never
been a high consumer of such beverages
Neither however, has it had the problem OF
closing-or even recognizing speak easies-or of
coping with rum runners, hijackers and all the
other familiar by-products Of prohibition.
And just to complicate the problem bit
more a last minute amendment to the new law
prohibits the use of opium-the production Of
which is hourishing segment Of the Iranian
economy
DR.. Mossadegh, who found it relatively easy
to deprive his country Of oil, may and it much
more difficult to deprive even minority of the
1ranian citizenry Of their poppy dreams or their
draft Of grog.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
Slums and Public HOUSING

s In your issue Of Monday, February 8,
you published q letter in which John
1hlder Classics as propaganda" a
statement made in Chicago recently
that public housing has not cleared a
single slum in Washington" This, Of
course. is only part of my remarks. I
would appreciate your printing my
reasons for the statement.
Mr.. Ihlder and seem to be at odds
on what constitutes slum. st. Mary's
Court Apartment is cited as one ex-
ample Of slum clearance. In this effort
twenty -four (24) apartments were built
and lesser number Of structures de-
molished. The James Greek Dwellings
project, also cited, contains two hun
bred and seventy-eight (278) apart
ments, occupies 2h city blocks and
replaced one hundred and seventy-flve
(175 slum or blighted structures. The
latter is the greatest number of struc-
lures torn down in any one project, ac-
cording to Mr.. Ihlder's annual report
to Congress in 1910.
Personally, agree with many others
that a true clearance project must of
necessity embrace much larger area.
as witness the first project of the D. C.
Redevelopment Land Agency which in
total covers 1918 acres and the first
section of which occupies about 10 city
blocks. Well over eight hundred (800)
structures will be replaced when the
section Is completed.
But this is q technicality and rela-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
Moving Time

The lumber wagons piled NTH house.
hold goods
Stand ready IN the Maroon. muddy
lane:
The stock Is herded By the older b0vs
on bdre-bGcked ponies. and a shepherd
dog
Darts tn and out to nip at tagging heels.
The house Is closed and locked. The
tDind0tDs form
Bleak, hollotD squares against the ,ri,s-
ter sun.
The cattle sheds are empty. and the
barns
Berett and silent; fields are lying bare
SGUe for the stubble of last seasons
crop.
SIo,Dly the loaded wagons make their
ODer the fresh imprint Of clouen
hooUes.
A day or tho, and other wagons ron
into the dooryGrd through the drying
mud.
House doors are opened and the barn
gate clicks:
Exploring children hfid the hickory
sUinO.
The farm Is rented for another spring.
Billy B. Cooper
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
ARLINGTON, Va.

Lear SU:
Yesterday I heard as well as saw
a mourning dove. While they may stay
around all winter. isn't it sign Of
spring when they begin that mournful
COO COO COO?
Last summer discovered their nest
in a spruce tree. about eye level, and
only few feet from the street.
81 watched them every day, and never
once did that bird bat an eye. Then
two heads appeared under her and they
never budged, either.
Finally they left and never came
back, but 1 did hear the flying lessons
going on high up In the trees. When
finally went to get the nest for my
boys Cub Scout collection, could
hardly find it. It was just few sticks
loosely woven on fiat fork. and very
dirty.
This happened a couple Of years
ago: was standing at the kitchen sink,
looking out into a big Norway spruce
which is regular hotel for the birds,
when suddenly three cardinals ap-
peared. female and two males.
"One Of the males was giving the
other q terrible beating, just pecking
away at his head like mad, Obviously,
the eternal triangle. I went out and
shooed them away. but when came
back. they came right back and the
beating continued with greater ferocity.
$50 went out again. and much to
my surprise. the beaten bird which was
then on the ground let me pick him up.
Well. thought, I'll take this beautiful
bird In the house. not only to save him
fom his merciless assailant, but I'll
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
Why Arlington Needs Aid

Representative BuSbey of Illinois wants to
know why community like Arlington should
get so much as a dime of Federal aid to
schools. He said that Arlingtons taxable
property values have been increasing year after
year why can't they take care of these
tSchooD expenseS?" he asked a representative
OF the Federal Office of Education at an ap-
preparation hearing. When the official tried
to explain, Mr.. BuSbey interrupted him with q
lecture on governmental economy
Mr.. Busbey is entitled to an answer, how
ever. It would not take much digging on his
part to learn that Arlington, like many other
areas, has suffered double-barreled blow as
q result of wartime and postwar emergency
growth of the Federal establishment World
War II brought phenomenal, abnormal ex-
pansion OF the Government into Arlington and
other suburban areas. Without waiting for q
by-your-leave, Federal invasion across the
Potomac OF Army, Navy, Air Force and other
personnel filled the new Pentagon, the Navy
Annex, the airport area Arlington Hall and
other areas Huge apartment and home devel-
opmentS, Spurred by Federal financing, ap-
peared in sections of the county ill-prepared
to accommodate them New schools had to be
built and more teachers hired, to say nothing
OF streets, sewers, water, fire and police pro-
lection and other public works and services
that had to be provided quickly.
1t would have been impossible for Airing
ton to meet these emergency needs without
Federal help-nor would it have been reason
able to have expected the county to bear the
burden alone. The second blow was a sort
OF delayed-action affair. AS more and more
private property has been taken over for tax
free Federal activities, the taxable area Of
Arlington has dwindled by an amount equal to
three square miles of land. It has been eSti-
mated that normal development of this land
would have provided the county with about
81 million year more in tax revenues Thus,
while it is true that property values in Arling-
ton have risen since the Federal Invasion" it
is also true that the taxable area of the county
has been substantially reduced
Similar difficulties have arisen in nearby
Maryland and in various other areas of emer-
gency Federal expansion. Recognizing the
tmpracticability as well as the injustice of
saddling these unlimited burdens on the COM
munities concerned, Congress very properly
adopted the policy Of extending certain Federal
aid to them The school-aid program is a
part OF this program This aid could not be
discontinued in any area where the expansion
still continues without doing an injustice to
all who live there and without doing harm to
the interests of the Government itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
ZAP Photo.

the stalemate in Korea? I believe the
polls agree with you that the people
voted very fervently (even perhaps hys-
terically) against the Korean war in
November. I think you will look very
long way before you will find any one
who will say that he was voting for an
Asia war to end the stalemate.
I'm afraid your editorial reflects a
rather primitive "give EN- help psy-
chology which may be admirable among
cavemen. but certainly isn't going to
do much to accomplish world peace. It
is probably the biggest worry Of our
times that we are not emotionally ma
ture enough to handle our scientific
advances. The threat of total destruc-
ton absolutely forbids the luxury of in
dulging our juvenile pugnacity.
You also ask How it (the reinforced
army of Chiang) is to serve as a bull
wark if it is not to be uSed?" You
apparently have failed to grasp any
accurate notion of the word "bulwark,"
which Webster defines primarily as q
defensive structure" and then as "any
strong support. defense, or safeguard"
Does your editor feel that the gun he
might very well keep in his country
home is Of no use, that his Investment"
Is wasted if he isn't forced to shoot
down a trespasser every now and then?
The incest thing that can happen to
bulwark is not to be used (witness
the bikes of the Netherlands) and, If
used, to adequately defend what it is
meant to defend.
think Senator Sparkman's words
were not only well chosen but wise. Our
situation in the Far East is, and must
remain. primarily defensive. To attempt
to solve the problem by aggressive ac-
ton is only to cause a large explosion
which will necessarily involve many
ives-and we win again be left CAS-
Stunning that we are Left to pick up the
pieces.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
The European Army Riddle

British French consultations in London
last week on the European Army treaty appear
to have given qualified satisfaction to the Paris
government on the long-term relationship
which Britain is willing to maintain toward the
continental defense community.
It has been made clear from the beginning
that Britain will not become an actual member
of the six-nation EDO. On several occasions,
however, under both Labor and Conservative
governments London has pledged itself to the
closest military association" with the supra
national forces, and the intent to continue the
Stationing of British troops on the continent
France, troubled by the old fears of German
military revival, has hoped that Britain would
reconsider its determination to abstain from
EDO membership Convinced finally that this
hope was a futile one, Premier Mayer and
Foreign Minister Bidault visited London last
week for conversations with Prime Minister
Churchill and Foreign Secretary Eden The
result was a joint communique in which the
British again promised continued full support"
q term which Paris is tranSlating as permanent
full support" and which appears to be reassuring.
10 French political opinion. Actually, the con<
VerSations covered political and economic rela-
tionships as well as military ones and while
the concluding announcement did not spell out
any substantially greater commitments by the
British government the French Ministers were
reported as satisfied with the British intent
Meanwhile, the clarifying" protocols to the
treaty which the French have submitted to
the other pact signatories have drawn a mixed
reaction from the other important power, West
Germany. Among the things France is seek
Ing through the protocols are wider freedom
to withdraw or maintain national forces for use
sin certain non-European territories" special
status for non-German troops-even those be-
longing to the European Army-when stationed
In Germany and a revision of plans for admin
istering whatever foreign aid is given to the
Edo
German opponents of the treaty look upon
the proposals with suspicion, charging that
they strike at the heart of the indignation
concept and are intended to place West Ger
many in an inferior position. Some Of the
proponents believe the suggestions can be
clarified through negotiation and that the
Issues, hidden or otherwise can be resolved.
It is clear, in any case, that the whole
project is still in very delicate stage as far
as France and West Germany are concerned.
The treaty advocates in each country are facing
strong and skillful political opposition. The
leadership in each government Is committed.
to the treaty but parliamentary ratification
will be virtually impossible unless the current
issues are resolved in way that safeguards
the national interests Of two old rivals The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
irresponsible

Chairman Reed Of the House Ways and
Means Committee has won the first round Of
the 1858 tax reduction battle His committee
has voted 81 to 4 to cut individual income taxes
an average of 10 per cent during the fiscal
year starting July /. It seems perfectly clear,
however, that this victory has been won by
throwing responsible government to the winds.
II the Reed bill should become law the
Federal Government is expected. to lose about
SIS billion in revenue during the next fiscal
year. And this at time when it is anything
but certain that another deficit can be avoided.
In the face of this, Mr.. Reed says that "he who
is clothed in the armor Of righteous cause
is more powerful than host Of errors" If
this was intended to mean that the Reed bill
will pass the House despite the erroneous
consequences it will produce, its author may
be correct. This is not because 1t embodies a
righteous cause however. but rather because 1t
has strong political appeal
This temptation to play politics with the
national welfare should be stoutly resisted. Mr..
Reed damned his bill through the committee
without public hearings and without even get
ting the advice of the Treasury Department as
to what its effect would be. This, on its face,
suggests that Mr.. Reed is not willing to face
the consequences Of his own act
If he will not face them however, some one
else must. Some tax reduction at the proper
time is highly desirable. But the proper time
will not come until there is an opportunity to
see what can be done in the way Of reducing
expenditures. A balanced budget should be
the first objective, and most people, knowing
this, will be willing to defer tax cuts until the
new administration demonstrates that it can
bring spending into line with income.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
This and That

keep him in until the boys come home
from the movies.
II knew they would be thrilled. was
holding him very quietly and showing
him to my small daughter, when sud-
denly he took of.
my little girl began to shrek. the
dog barked and ran after the bird, /
was hopping around trying to catch
him, and over all this commotion my
husband was pleading from the tele-
phone for us to. be quiet.
This bedlam went on for several
minutes, andAflnally made desperate
lunge for the cardinal. and grabbed
him by the tail, and to my horror
pulled out about six Of his feathers.
1T must have almost killed him, for
the cries he made were pitiful. sat
down and cried. My husband came to
the rescue and finally we got him on
the back porch.
you know. that other cardinal was there
waiting for him, and they chased on
together, to what fate I never knew.
yours truly, c. e. T."
The nest of the turtle or mourning
dove is one Of the poorest. This is be-
cause the creature is not capable Of
building . better one, having very
weak bill and feet.
The doves nest serves its purpose,
but it is not worth collecting.
A bird in the hand. 1t Is said. is worth
two in the bush.
The cardinal Is one Of the worst Of
all 70 handle. It Il. truly. Wild bird.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
BUDGETS and foxes

Budgets and Toxes
In his column of February S, Gould
Lincoln discusses the attack on Gov
eminent deficit spending now planned
in the Senate, the object of which, he
says. is balanced budget, 'forerunner
to a cut in Federal taxes"
Certain Of our legislative Representa-
tives have not been deferred by the
perils facing US, which in other con-
texts they have not hesitated in exploit
ing, from making promises to voters
that taxes would be reduced. Accord
ingly they are deluding themselves and
others with the false doctrine that once
the Federal budget is balanced 1t will
be safe to reduce taxes. On May %,
1852, Mr.. Bernard Baruch told the
Senate Armed Services Preparedness
Committee that "Our economy can do
all that our security requires-and more
provided there is the will to do so
and the courage of administration to
channel our resources from the less
essential activities and to share the
costs OF the struggle equitably." The
men on the fighting fronts will not find
their lot alleviated by the mere fact
that the budget Is balanced It is
neither equitable nor economically
sound to use balanced budget or even
budgetary SURPRISES as the signal that
we can afford to let up N our efforts.
While the balanced budget target
offers guide to proper Government
fiscal policies, 1t throws little light on
the operation Of the economy as q
whole. The budget Of the Government is
not the same thing as the budget Of
the Nation. The former may or may
not be in balance, but, ignoring capital
maintenance and foreign relationships,
the budget of the Nation is always in
balance. With the above proviso, the
economy as whole in any case Twill
pay as it goes" and thus the balancing
Of the budget cannot serve as the
criterion of the wisdom or unwisdom of
policies. The balanced Federal budget
deserves support because it is one, but
only one, Of our weapons against the
evils of overall imitation. But it is not
an end in itself; it's primary value is
the negative effect on private consump-
ton and investment expenditures COM
peting with those of the Government
made necessary by considerations of
national security.
At the present time, dollar spent by
anyone, including the Government, even
when its cash inflow and outflow is in
balance, has an inflationary impact; to
maintain proper balance between in
flationary and deflationary forces, q
budgetary surplus is called for. It is not
only the total flow between the Govern
ment and the public which we have to
worry about, but also the total flow of
money between any one and any one
else. What we must look to is not only
the books of the Government but also
to the requirements Of meeting the
perils facing us.
: To yield to politics as usual now
would indeed be disastrous, but not
because it would throw our books out
OF balance. The Russians would be en-
couraged to more aggressive policies
designed to throw us off our balance.
To resist this we must chart a course
to guide us whichever way the wind
blows. We must make our decision now
concerning the expansion of our pro-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
Feurs Far Eust Explosion

The conclusion Of your editorial "Sen-
ator Sparkman Strikes Out" left me
fairly gasping. Even granting that the
contemplative strategy of the admins
tration may be first step toward en-
larging the war in Asia. it is q step
that should be taken" you say, If it
will contribute to ending the Korean
war.
Quite seriously. how many Americans
do you think would subscribe to a big
war in Asia for the sake Of cleaning UP
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17

Q. What does the Blue Ribbon trophy
award for the fastest crossing Of the At.
lantic by steamer look ike?-M. B. N.
A. It consists Of q globe and symbolic
figures in silver, Is feet high and
weighs 100 pounds. The trophy was do
mated by the late Harold K. Hales.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
Questions and Answers

The starr readers can get the answer to any
question Of fact By either writing The Evening
Washinrton a 81 snd , ncg0 street NV.
turn postage or by telephoning sterlinS 3-73tsa.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17

fact that Britain has now made q new contri-
button toward easing French fears should help
but the statesmen Of Bonn and Paris must still
find meeting ground that will satisfy their
respective parliaments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17

gram for defending freedom and we
must stick to that program, not letting
the enemy call the shots. If properly
informed by their leaders, the American
people will not run out on it at the
crucial time. A source Of Soviet strength
is the reliance on long-range plan for
the conquest of the world. They have
vision which is not weakened by feel
ings Of complacency.
Sidney Koretz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
ENLARGED Commission

Whether the addition Of two COM
missioners would improve the efficiency
of the Districts government is at least
debatable, however doubtful it may be.
The principle Of group representation
is well established, being observed in
such areas as city councils, legislatures,
cabinets and the Supreme Court.
It can certainly not be argued that
there is any good reason for not ap-
pointing Negro or woman to the
commisSionership. The most favorable
argument is that there are qualified
persons in these categories.
]. w. Haywood, jr.
+
It Is said that one Of the reasons for
the proposal to add two city COM
missioners to the present three is to
provide room for o Negro and q
woman.
If this is the main reason, would not
the simplest way to do it be to accept
the resignation Of Commissioner Dono-
hue and appoint Negro woman in his
place. thus killing two birds with one
stone? Ponderer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-17
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

Q. Can a submarine travel as fast
under water as on the surface?-L. w.
A. Yes. AS matter of fact the
Nays newest submarines travel faster
submerged.