davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Youth Delinquency

A beloved Boston rabbi is beat
en- to death in a dimly lighted
park-by boys, it is surmised. A
New York boy is stabbed fatally
in a war between lnsignia-wear-
ing teen-age gangs. Juvenile
Mai storm troopers" in New
Orleans attack passing--trains.
Are these merely isola t e d
though aggravated incidents?
Aggravated they certainly are.
But, sadly enough, they are not
isolated. A year's-end survey Of
court records in major cities by
the Associated Press t ells the
story. Juvenile offenses b ave
been sharply on the in ere as e
since l94S-even sharper since
Korea. Delinquency is reaching
down the age scale at the same
time it is taking the form of
more serious crime.
Crime waves" have followed
every major war. The tragical-
ly obvious and truly alarming as
pect Of this one is that it has
swept in youths and even child
rem. It is an aspect which Is Of
self-evident concern to every par.
ent-a menace which no more
now than in the past Is to be dis.
posed of by venerable jeremiads
over the decay Of discipline and
the general worthlessness of the
younger generation.
As with crime in general, there
are direct and, by comparison,
simple remedies in what should
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Biking BY The Ocean

Biking on the Boardwalk at At
lantic City between dawn and 9
AM. is one of the most popular
sports at that seaside resort. Many
hotels rent bikes by the hour, or
week, and bike shops in the Board.
walk district do a thriving bust
ness.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
A Good Suggestion

Equip your car with the Sill
ent-Safety Airfoat Gates tires.
100 per cent cold rubber tread
40 per cent more mileage than ma.
tural rubber. Come in and see our
demonstration plan. Hamby's
Service Station.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23

In Windsor, Ontario, subtle thief
broke into vacationer Arnold Nc
Carthar's house, then called furni.
turc dealer, who obligingly drove up
with van, made an estimate, paid
on the spot and carried all the furni-
tl,re away.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Pays Old Bill

A man dropped into a builders
supply place in Quincy, Mass, and
paid 33-year-old bill for $253. He
explained that he had to come from
Kingston, NY, and he had not only
had to wait to save that money but
also his travel money.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Three Sisters Peaks

Biologists maintain the Three
Sisters Peaks in Oregon are spin.
tered remnants of a hypothetical
Mount Multnomah which was blast
ed to fragments by volcanic action
during prehistoric times.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Catch Deferred

Anglers at brook near Ludlow,
Mass, had no luck the day the sea-
son opened. The conservation officer
discovered that the brook had been
literally sowed with hamburger.
The guilty party obviously had
bribed the trout to delay biting I'm.
til the opening-day rush was over.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Butter Churn Stand

If you are lucky to find an old but
ter churn, sandpaper it clean and
give it a coat or two of thinned fresh
shellac. It will make a most attrac-
tive umbrella stand worthy Of any
home.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Douglas Fir

A Douglas Fir, four feet through
at breast height and 200 feet tall,
carries about $4,000 square feet Of
needle surface. q total weight Of
over 80 tons and anchors itself in.
roughly. 10000 cubit feet Of earth,
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Baking Fish

When buying fresh fish for bak.
ing, allow one-half pound per serv
ing if the fish is ready-dressed-
meaning entrails and fins removed
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Cheese Storage

Cheese should be stored in
covered container in the refrigera-
tor, with firm kinds wrapped tightly
in paper.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23

Export Of American goods 10 Ven
exueia through the Port Of Phila.
delpeja tor the last quarter Of ls4s
totaled q. 80. 80. according to fig
ures' released by. the Venezuelan
oensAa h tlsat e3ty.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Arabs Bathed Early

Bathing was stylish among the
Arabs at time when perfume was
still substitute for soap and water
in the courts of Europe.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Male Drivers

Male drivers in 1851 were In
volved in 80 per cent Of all US.
auto accidents.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
High Terraced Gardens

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
one of the seven ancient wonders of
the world, had terraces as high as
800 feet.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23

The Liverpool Playhouse, pioneer
repertory theatre in which per-
manent company performs, was
founded in 1911.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1953-01-23
Machine Made Shoe s

V1WCHHIlC IIdUC SIIOC >
The first machine ever used in
making all-leather shoes was
ciamping press invented to attach
soles to uppers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-11
PresbYterians Name
Commissioners 10
General Assembly

Three ministers and three lay
men were elected commissioners
to the 168th General Assembly,
Presbyterian Church in the
q. S. A., at a meeting Of the
Washington City Presbytery yes
terday.
The General Assembly, legisla-
tive body of the denomination.
will meet on May % in Min
neapolis. MINI.
Ministers chosen at the session
yesterday in National PreSby-
terrain Church were the Revs.
Lloyd G. Brown, Washington
Heights Church; Howard F. Geb-
hart, Arlington Church, and AL
ton B. Altfather, Presbyterian
Church of Falls Church.
Alternates selected were the
Revs. James D. Dryden, New
York Avenue Church; Harry v.
Porter, Westminster Church, and
Thomas A. Stone, executive vice
president, Westminster Choir
College and former assistant
minister of National Church.
Elders Elected.
Elders elected were Henry
Foote, ST., Eastern Church; Jo-
Seph F. Irvine, Westminster
Church, and Robert Moravetz,
Arlington Church. Alternates
chosen were Wolsey w. Hall,
Fifteenth Street Church; Harry
Fleming, Takoma Park Church.
and Loren Schroeder, Metropoli-
tan Church.
The Rev. John T. Hayes. for
mer assistant minister of Ma
tional Church, who was recently
released from prison by the
Chinese Communists, told the
gathering at luncheon before
the meeting that communism in
China is, ito a certain extent,
our child"
I'VE have given them ideals Of
brotherhood, personal freedom
and the hope of new life, but
the Communists have perverted
them to their ends" he said.
Student Licensed.
Alexander B. Dove. a senior at
the Mccormick Theological
Seminary, Chicago, was licensed
to preach by the meeting. He
will be ordained upon graduation
from the seminary. A member
of Sherwood Church here, Mr..
Dove is a graduate Of Mckinley
High School and Of the Univer-
sity of Maryland.
Two persons were taken under
the presbytery's care during a
period of study leading to church
vocations. Loren D. Shredder Of
Metropolitan Church, an cleo
trical engineer at the Naval Re-
search Laboratory during the
past four years, will study for
the ministry.
Miss Katherine L. Powell,
student at Mary Washington Col
lege, will study for vocation. as
yet undecided, in the church. She
is a member of First Church,
Arlington, Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-11

CoIIed "Supersorb" because they're extra
large, 24x46" and specially absorbent /.
will soak up voter blotter-quick will
leave you with an invieorotino. tinelino feel
ing. In chortreuse, pink, yellow, red, blue
or white
SEC. MATCHING HAND TOWELS ---------s see
Red and pink only.
WAsAcLoTHs --------------------- -zss
Street Flo@s- Warrington: Arlington
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-11
Brighten-up with
neW Brass Lamps
1919 60.

Novelty styles with brass bases that won't
tornish Choose from styles, all with red,
green or maroon parchment shades. They'll
add new touch to the hall. den or living
room.
Third Floor. Washington-LoUer Lepel Arlington
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Foreign Exchunqe

NEW YORK, June 30 R.-Foreign
exchange rates follow (Great Britain in
dollars. others in cents): Canadian dol
lar in New York open market 1882 per
cent premium or 10O.467s United States
cents UP 1/32 of a cent.
unchanged; Great Britain 3O-day flu
lures. asia. unchanged; Great Britain
60-day futures, 2.S1, unchanged; Great
changed; Belgium (franc), 2.0OH. un-
changed: France (franc), 2Sss of q
cent, unchanged; Holland (guilder).
cs1,t a aIyuva1 1r ae:cud S
800 unchanged; Sweden (krona), 1895,
UNCHANGED; Switzerland franc) Oree),
23.34h, unchanged; Denmark krone).
1882, unchanged.
Latin America: Argentina free), 724,
unchanged; Brazil (free). $50. un-
changed; Mexico, 11.5S. unchanged;
Venezuela (boliar), 30.03, UNCHANGED.
Far East: Hong Kong dollar. 1880,
unchanged.
Evening star., 1953-06-29
81 Million 10 Aid Negroes
Raised by Presbyferians
sy the Assoeioied Press

ATLANTA, June %. The
Executive Committee of the
Presbyterian Campaign for Ne
gro work of the Presbyterian
Church in the United States an
nounced yesterday that subscrip-
tions amounting to $2,O5O,731
had been received.
The So million drive for funds
to be used in educational and
evangelistic work with Negro
Presbyterians Of the South was
set up a year ago by the General
Assembly. highest ruling body
of the Presbyterian Church. It
was actually launched May II
of this year.
September had been set as
the campaign deadline, but the
50 million mark was passed in
the first month Of the campaign.
Funds raised will be divided
between Stillman College, Tus-
caloosa, Ala, the church's only
Negro college, and the division
of Negro work Of the board of
church extension. The board will
use part of its share for de-
veloping new Negro churches.
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Chicago Livestock

CHICAGO. June 20 IN CUSDA).-sal-
able hogs. 1000; moderately active,
1so.Sao s pounds. s5.s5-ss.o T few 'RSlds ioads
choice 190-220 pounds, 26.25; bulk 24O-
27O pounds. "a .25s25.0 most 280-325
pounds, 23.0O-24. .25; bulk sows, 400
pounds and lighter, 20.O0-22.26; few
22.75; bulk 100000 pounds, 1900
2O.25; good clearance.
Salable cattle. $4,000; salable calves,
600; SLAUGHTER steers and heifers slow,
mostly 25-75 cents lower; very few steers
over 1900 pounds sold; cows very slow,
few sales weak to 80 cents lower; bulls
fully steady; .vealers steady; few loads
prime steers 1880 pounds down. 22.5O-
1925; bulk choice to low-prime grades,
20.0Q-22.26; good to low-choice steers,
17.50-19.50; choice and prime heifers,
19.00-22. .25; load held higher; CONNER
cial to low-choice heifers, 13.50-1S.50;
few high-commercial cows UP to 14.OO;
utility COWS, o9:75-l1;5O: Gamers and
cial bulls. 13.5O-16.OO: commercial to
choice vealers 15.O0-21 90; Gull and util-
ity, S.00-14. 90.
salAble sheep, 1000; moderately &C.
tive. all SLAUGHTER classes fully steady;
good and choice 94-1O2 pounds No. l
skin old-crop lambs, 2O.OO-22 80; good
to prime spring lambs, 23.O0;27 90; Gull
slaughter ewes, 4.00-6.76.
Evening star., 1953-06-29

service in 1929. has specialized
in personnel, budget and man
agement assignments for num-
ber of departments and agencies
here. He resigned recently from
the post of Deputy Assistant Ad-
ministrator for Operations of the
Economic Sterilization Agency.
Prior to joining the ESA staff
in 1851, Mr.. Mills served six
years with the State Department
in various capacities and was
sent on missions to Athens as
deputy director of the joint ad-
ministrative services for the
American Embassy. He also was
loaned to the United Nations
mission at Beirut. Lebanon for
awhile. Mr.. Mills came to WASH
ington originally as secretary to
Senator Otis F.. Glenn of Illinois.
He is a native of Chicot, Ark,
and has degrees from the Uni
verSities of Illinois and Wis.,
conSin.
Evening star., 1953-06-29

added to the trustees was Will
liam H. Dyer of the Perpetual
Building Association, who stepped
up from assistant treasurer of
the board.
Herbert j. Rich of B. Rich's
Sons was elected treasurer,
r. B. H. Lyon of the law firm
of Lyon, Wilmer & BergSon was
named counsel, and Roland T.
Carr of Riggs National Bank was
chosen assistant treasurer. In
his annual report, Mr.. Kal re-
viewed the work of the Better
Business Bureau during 1852,
stressing corrective needs in GER
tain advertising and business
practices.
The following is the new board
of directors, all of whom take
Office on July 1:
Arthur L, Aiken; General Electric
Building Association: 8. Meyer Barnett.
American Security q Trust Co.; Donald
M. Bernard. Washington Post: Everett
]. Boothby. Washington Gas Light Co.;
William E. Coyle, president. Advertising
Club of Washington, D. c.; Oscar Dodek.
D. j. Kaufman: Howard c. Drake. Drake
Press; William j: peButts, Griffth-
Roebuck Co.; w. Frank Gatewood.
Washington TimeS-Herald; Ralph L.
Goldsmith, Lansburgh & Bro. Sol
Greenberg, the Goldenberg Co.; Granville
GUIDE. Guide Bros. Co.; James w. Hardey.
Woodward & Lothrop; Robert E. Harvey,
Capital Transit Co.; Maurice K. Heart
feld, Melyern Diaries; W. R; Frank
Hines, s. H. Hines Co.: C: F. Jacobsen,
National Metropolitan Bank.
Also Robert c. Jones, Jones. Kreeger
& Hewitt; Sol Kann, s. Kann Sons Com
pany; Godfrey w. Kaufman, Evening
Star Newspaper Company: Milton S.
Kronheim. Milton s. Kronheim & Sons,
Inc: A, H. Lawson, WASHINGTON Loan
Steuart Motor Company; Frank J.
Iuchs, shannon g Luchs COMPANY;
Matt Meyer, washington Daily News;
E. K. Morris Federal Storage COM
pany: Mrs. Katherine Parker, Frank R.
Jelleff, Inc; Arthur Rosenblatt, M.
Brooks Co.. Inc; James Rotto. The
Hecht Company: W. B. Rulon, ir.,
Sanders, Peoples Drug Stores, Inc; NAL
colin ScateS, Malcolm Scates, Inc; viii
Sov 0oI T,.l;, Irn1 e
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Charles {. Mills Named

Charles E. Mills, who was in
the Government service many
years, has been appointed man.
ager OF a new Washington office
Evening star., 1953-06-29
German Bishop Speaks
AT Lutheran Sessions
BY the Associated Pres.

BOSTON, June 29.-The Rev.
DIR. Hans Lille, bishop Of Han
over. Germany. and president of
the Lutheran World Federation,
says modern man needs more
than anything else the fellow
ship of the community and the
Christian church to help hold
him up"
Speaking at the closing ses-
sion Of the Augustana Luther
League conference last night, he
said:
"The church is not exclusively
for a small set of pious people.
The church has a mission to full
f1ll in modern times to lead
people back to a new under
standing Of their place in the
world"
He said the church is "the
safeguard of freedom in a much
deeper sense than has ever beer
thought of before by Secularize6
man."
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Insurance Group Elects
Fronk Busbee President

Frank I. Busbee. general agent
here for the Monarch Life In
surance Co., was elected presi-
dent Of the District Accident
and Health Association. Other
officers: Donald p. Frank, World
Insurance Co., vice president;
Charles s. Gardiner, Fuqua In
surance Agency, secretary: Hor-
ace Bunch, Mutual Benefit
Health and Accident Association,
treasurer.
The Million Dollar Round
Table Of the National AsSocia-
ton Of Life Underwriters con-
vened at the Greenbrier, White
Sulphur Springs, today for its
26th annual meeting. Sessions
continue through Thursday.
Evening star., 1953-06-29
New York School Plan
To Cost $lOO Million
sy the Associated Pres.

NEW YORK, June 29.-The
city Board Of Education has
announced a 500 million school
building program for 1854, larg-
est in New York's history. The
budget marks $65 million for 80
new schools and additions to
buildings now in use.< About $40
million are for undermining and
improving old buildings.
The new and expanded build
ings will take care of 34.40O adj
ditional pupils. the board report
ed Last fall the city's school
enrolment was nearly 1000.
Evening star., 1953-06-29
By Nelson M. Shepard

Norman C. Kal. president of
Kal, Ehrlich g. Merrick Adver-
tising, Inc, was reelected chair
man of the Board of Trustees for
the Better Business Bureau of
Washington, Inc, at soday's an
nual meeting in the auditorium
of the Washington Gas I:ght Co.
In addition to five other trustees,
the organization also elected 81
prominent businessmen as direc-
tors for the ensuing year.
This is the third term to which
Mr.. Kal has been elected. Also
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Women Flies First Time
On 102d Birthday
BY the Assoeioted Press


OTTAWA, June 29.-Mrs. Jen-
ME Majaury, pipe smoking
great-great-grandmothe from
Lanark, Ontario, went for her
first plane fight yesterday-to
celebrate her 102d birthday an
niversary.
And seven Of her 200-odd de-
scendants turned up in the pour
ing rain at Carp Airfleld, about
10 miles southwest of here. to
see her do it.
1T was absolutely wonderful, +"
she told them after the 15-min-
ute flight. "If I was younger I'd
like to go up much more"
Evening star., 1953-06-29
KolIs Reelected Chairman
OF Business Bureau Trustees

Company; Paul Paul D; SLEEPER; Acting Life
stTease.. Ss Radio station WWpc; WWTpSs9S arthur ser
]. Sundlun, A. Kahn, Incorporated; Mel
wI,, YIN a, Viner Arcade Sunshine Laundry:
mac Telephone Apea Co: Claiming Il r0' s.
Walker, George E. Walker, Inc; W. J.
Waller. Hamilton National Bank; VIII
nam nssorvs Warsaw Mnsss,. Lacys Incorporated;
WASHINGTON " Properties, Inc; Ralph K.
eEt Wson Eectsie s1n pa%sr aSe
SiS SsifSTsSe COMPANY; DSsAf2; Dewey zirkin, aDeNf il,
Probably the most important
problem before the bureau in
the past year and which con-
tinues is bait advertising and
selling practices" Mr.. Kal said
in his report. This is very true
not only in Washington but all
over the country" Better Busi-
ness Bureaus throughout the
country have co-operated in a
survey of such practices which
appear to exist in full bloom"
he added. The Washington
bureau, the chairman said, is
going to cooperate actively with
all interested agencies in COM
batting these forms.
The bureau also, he said, CO.
operated during the past year
with the United States attorneys
Office, the Post Office depart
ment. Federal Trade Commits
sion and others with the result
that fraudulent schemes have
been stopped in their inception
to protect the purchasing power
OF the people of our city" Many
corrective measures have been
adopted with effective results,
Mr.. Kal said.
Evening star., 1953-06-29

And the cOnSNm nate eGSe.Of.
handling yOM enjoy from the most
mameMverabIe ROADMASTER in
Buick history. A car aVith the
hydraulic help of POWERSTEERING.'
n car sUith the velvety control of
still finer braking plus the added
convenience of POsver Brakes,* if
you sviSh.
Ourely, you ought to look into this
supremely satisfying RoADMAsTER
for 1855 and see for yourself that
the lap of luxury is more than a
figure of speech when you take your
seat here. Why not visit us soon?
*Oph0naldf exra lsst
Evening star., 1953-06-29

esta bliShed by
George Fry &
AS soci a tes,
on S u / t ing
m a nagement
engineers of
Chicago a n d
N e W YORK,
the firm an
nounced to-
day. The Of
flee is located
in the Mills
Building. The
new manager.
who entered
the Federal
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Brine Your Own Tub

Miss Valerie Wilde, about to
leave Nunhead, England, to take
charge Of Is mission schools in
Nyasaland, Africa, has been ad-
vised to take her own bathtub
along. .
Evening star., 1953-06-29


WED like to spoil you a BIT.
We'd like to seat you in a 1883 Buick
ROADMASTER and let you be cod.
died in the most sumptuous comfort
on four wheels.
What we have in mind is more than
just a sampling of the spacious
roominess here : and of the cush-
ions that cradle you in opulent and
enveloping softness.
It's the magnificent luxury of
ROADMASTER travel that we'd like
you to know -.
The SOnI>SGtiSfying feel of bossing
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Odd-Lot Declines

NEW YORK. June 30 P.-The New
York. Stock Exchange reported today
dealers on the exchange for June 20:
Purchases of 97,92S shares on 3.532
orders; sales Of S3, 723 shares on 1894
orders including 973 shares sold short
on % orders
Evening star., 1953-06-29
Minnesota Pe6t

ST. PAUL Minnesota has
more than z million acres of peat,
almost all of which is entirely un-
exploited.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-15
BOOK BURNERS ARE SCORED

gree, he spoke before an audience
Of about 10000 spectators and 56S
graduates, whom he counseIed to
get some fun out of life.
'Unless each day can be looked
back upon by an individual as one
in which he has had some fun,
some joy, some real satisfaction,
that day is a loss," the President
said. "It is un-Christian and wick
ed, in my opinion, to allow such a
thing to occur"
Declaring that the nation is a
long way from perfection, the Pres
ident said:
1--WE have the disgrace of racial
discrimination, or we have preju-
dice against people because of their
religion. We have crime on the
docks. We have not had the cour-
age to uproot these things although
we know they are wrong with our
standards. -.
''Now that courage is not going
to be satisfied-your sense of sat
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-15
Eisenhower Says
Views Haze
Right To Be
Made Public

WASHINGTN Up President
Eisenhower, speaking out against
''the book burners" declared yes
terday that Americans must fight
communism with something bet
ter, not try to conceal the thinking
Of our own people"
Eisenhower named no names,
but his statement recalled the de-
mand by Sen. Mccarthy (R-Wis),
acceded to by the State Depart
ment, that the government with
draw from its overseas Libraries
books by authors who are known
Communists or fellow travellers.
The President said even those
with whose views we disagree have
q right to have their views on rec
ord in public places-"or it is not
America"
"Look at the book burners,
he told the graduating class at
Dartmouth College in Hanover,
N. H. Don't think you are going
to swerye something by concealing
evidence that it ever existed, don't
be afraid to 60 to the library and
read every book, so long as that
document does not offend our own
ideas Of decency -.
How will we defeat commu-
nism, unless we know what it is,
and why it has such an appeal
for men? Why are so many PEG.
pie swearing allegiance TO it? 1t
Is almost a religion-albeit in one
of the neither regions. We have got
to fight il with something better,
own people"
This was the first Of two short
talks the President made yester-
day in the whirlwind finish to a
five-day speaking tour which took
him into five states. He also flew
over serious storm damage in
Michigan and Massachusetts and
pledged federal aid and money to-
ward reconstructionS.
Back at his desk today, the Pres
dents first appointment was with
the Republican congressional lead
ers--not including Sen. Taft (R-
Ohio, undergoing treatment in
New York City for a hip ailment.
From New Hampshire, the Pres
ident flew to Oyster Bay, N. Y,
about 80 miles east of New York
City, and dedicated the summer
home of Theodore Roosevelt as
national shrine. He shared the plat
form with former President Her
bert Hoover and New York's Gov.
Thomas E. Dewey.
Eisenhower said there is a ten
dency to overdramatize the for
mer Rough Rider, and he added:
''The fact is he was wise lead
er. He was not swashbuckler,
he was not a bull in china shop.
"He was a man who understood
iiis fellow human beings.
About 5000 persons heard the
President, in front Of Sycamore
Hill, the Roosevelt summer White
House. at the opening Of week-long
ceremonies.
AT Dartmouth, where he received
an honorary Doctor of Laws de-