davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-01-08

Senate before it settled down
to business could-could, not
should-adopt a set of rules
to govern its operations or
whether it was bound to pro-
ceed under the rules of last
session. Stated another way,
it was whether a change could
be made in the old rules with
out first accepting those rules.
The desire for a change at the
outset resulted from the fact
that under the old rules it has
been virtually impossible to
make any change in the rules
or any change opposed by a
relatively small number Of
Senators.
Stated still another way, and
getting at the heart of the
matter. the question was
whether the new Senate could
equip itself in advance to deal
with what Is known as a fill,
buster, the legislative tactic
under which a determined
minority has been able to pre-
vent action by the majority.
1t has been used chiefly by
Southern Senators in their
opposition to civil rights leg
iSlation. They have protected
their fllibustering power by
preventing the adoption of any
rule effectively limiting debate.
Last session they increased
their protection. Through
what in football would be
called q sucker shift "a ma
neuver outlawed this week by
college football coaches) they
turned an effort to provide
for real limitation Of debate
into o new rule making any
Evening star., 1953-01-08

studied praise Of Chinese
Communists and equally stud
led criticism of the Chang
Kai-shek government :.
when it was the established
American policy to support
Chang Kai-shek's govern
ment."
Regardless of other factors
which may enter into the final
judicial appraisal of Mr.. Vim
cents fitness to be a public
servant. a point raised by
Secretary Acheson is we'll
taken.
There is a tendency to
measure loyalty by adherence
to the prevailing point of view.
Without having seen Mr..
Vincent's confidential reports
one cannot assess the mean
ing Of studied praise" and
studied blame" If MIR.
Vincent reported that the
Nationalist government was
losing popular support for
reasons that it was not ener-
getically trying to overcome,
while the Communists were
Evening star., 1953-01-08

to expect that before the end
of 1852 the preliminary steps
for the organization of a
German army Of IL divisions
would have started. and that
by 1854 these troops would be
ready for action.
These hopes were unfor-
tunately frustrated because:
CD the European political
leaders grew convinced that
the threat Of Soviet aggres-
sions had receded, and (2)
the French Parliament became
openly hostile to the idea Of
any resurrection of German
military might.
Gen. Ridgway's candid COM
ments about the antics Of the
European politicians, who have
a strong tendency to hide their
heads in the sand, stirred spec
ulation that the supreme
commander had had a belly
full and longed for another
assignment after the Eisen-
hover Inauguration.
The confirmation Of M.
Mayer as Premier of France
must. of course, be viewed
with guarded optimism. He
succeeded in obtaining
majority only because "a
Gaullist deputies voted solidly
for him. How long they will
continue to stand by him is
another matter.
Gen. de Gaulle's partisans in
the Assembly do not always
take their cue from their
leader in domestic issues. But
in the matter of creating ina
tional armies" instead of the
heterogeneous European mill
tary force provided in the
treaty Of Paris, they share the
generals views They support,
too, his view that France must
not be deprived @: her historic
role as the dominant power on
the European continent.
Evening star., 1953-01-08
Lowell MeNett:
Lowell MeNett:
Leader aft Meets First Test
AS Lawyer for RePubIcon-Southern Democrat Coalition
He Proves Westerly Champion Of Senote Eibusterers

AS this Is written the mem
bers Of the United States
Senate are enjoying one of the
loveliest legal arguments or
parliamentary wrangles it ever
has been their pleasure to pur-
sue. Going out on what
looks like a very firm limb,
the result seems certain to be
that:
Any immediate advance to-
ward the establishment of
equality of civil rights through
out this country will not be
achieved through Federal leg
iSlation. It will have to come,
as it has increasingly. through
court decisions, knocking down
Observation-Disclosures 1CSJ1 1CtIOIlS
placed by States and lesser
communities on certain parts
of the population; through the
voting power of citizens now
Disseminated against in some
localities; through voluntary
action Of State governments
previously out of line with
national sentiment; and with
changing attitudes due to the
processes Of education. The
improvement actually has been
fairly constant and very great.
It is apparent in sports, in
education. in politics. the pro-
fessions, business and indus
try.
This. however, was not the
exact or the ostensible subject
Of the great debate absorbing
the opening days Of the S3d
Congress. The debate con-
eerned the Senate rules. The
question was whether the
Evening star., 1953-01-08
Dorothy Thompson:
Dorothy thompson:
Vincent Case Is in Good Hands
Tendency Today to Measure Loyalty by Adherence
To Popular Views Damages Political InteIIioence

The President has done well
in accepting Secretary Ache
sons recommendation to set
up a new board to study the
case of John Carter Vincent,
dismissed from the Foreign
Service as a result of the re-
port of the Loyalty Review
Board headed by Hiram
Bingham.
The board selected by the
President is distinguished.
nonpartisan, and headed by
former Judge Learned B.
Hand, a great American jurist.
1t can be trusted expertly to
review the evidence for and
against Mr.. Vincent, the dip
lomat who has been the target
Of repeated charges Of dis
loyalty. but who has twice
been exonerated by the State
Departments loyalty board.
The panel of the Loyalty
Review Board did not find Mr..
Vincent guilty of disloyalty.
but recommended his dismis-
sal because Of reasonable
doubt" noting "Mr. Vincent's
Evening star., 1953-01-08
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

Prime Minister Churchill comes to Washington to visit
President Truman They'll remnisce about the days Aud
Lang syne That's Scotch for the when America
Officials that six orchestras will play for the
Eisenhower inaugural ball. Republicans
the un whatever direction they happen to be retreatng
at the time
France halls its Premier Rene Mayer the 18th
the Better this note- might be collectors item
after the next edition.
Republican Senators notify Ike they want to be consulted
patronage The Senators backed Ike in hopes he'd job
and do it-not see one and do them out Of it,
President Truman Stain that the hydrogen bomb
could destroy the Red if insists world
That bring old Joe to his all the comrades
wiped out. who'd conduct the necessary purges?
kes Secretary of the Interior Douglas Mckay, he's
a hard with dollar" Harry Truman-hes already
frightened it half to death.
Evening star., 1953-01-08
Doris FIeeson:
McCordIe Choice Is Wise One
Dulles Appreciates Problem of Getting His Department
Ott Defensive in Minds of the American People

John Foster Dulles appoint
ment OF an Assistant Secre-
tary of State in the field of
press and public relations be-
fore few or any of his other
staff is chosen speaks volumes
for his own appraisal of his
department and of his future
problems.
The appointee is Carl Nc
Cardle. head of the Washing
ton bureau of the Philadel-
phia Bulletin. a diplomatic
and war correspondent of long
experience and wide acquaint-
ance. Most Of the principal
reporters here are his friends:
they respect him greatly for
his honest work. They hope
also that his humor will out
last the inevitable vicissitudes
OF bureaucracy.
Since Mr.. McCardle seems to
them first and foremost good
reporter they feel that Gen.
EiSenhower's new Secretary of
State expects to use him in
that capacity rather than as
an administrator primarily.
The two men have long known
each other and have been fire.
quent travelling companions.
Mr.. Dulles plainly realizes
that 1t will not be an easy
task to get his department off
the defensive in the minds of
the American people. It is
operating in a field never too
popular away from the sea-
boards; lately such a job of
hatchet work has been done
on 1t it is difficult to disen-
tangle the just criticisms for
which there has been much
ground.
Evening star., 1953-01-08
Americas Little Presidents
humans Farewell Points Up Need for Government
By Council to Supersede One-Mon Government
David LoWrence:

President Truman's farewell
message to Congress, in which
he pictures the presidency as
q tremendous job for one man,
emphasizes a question that he
doesn't undertake to answer,
but which sooner or later must
be. answered by the American
people.
It means simply that gov
ernment by council has to
supersede one-man govern
ment.
For the truth is America in
recent years has had a dozen
little presidents - concealed
presidents without RESPONSE
bility to the people but acting
with full power and authority.
Mr.. Truman himself has been
a kind of puppet. Behind him
has been the palace guard"
which has pulled the strings.
The real decisions and the
carrying out of the decisions
have been by officials who. of
course, kept the President
posted. but he couldn't as a
practical matter analyze their
recommendations or the merits
of their actions.
1t is next to impossible for
any President. even with the
best of intentions, to master
the thousand and one problems
that come to him for final de-
cision. He must necessarily
adopt the viewpoint of others
trusted advisers.
Under the parliamentary
system in vogue in Canada
and other EngliSh-speak-
ing democracies, responsibility
isn't fixed in one man but in a
cabinet which itself is part of
the national legislature. When
the people vote for or against
the record Of the government
on public policy. they are then
passing Judgment not on one
man but on a group of men
who compose the leadership
Of party.
The handicaps of the Ameri-
can system have not yet come
under severe. criticism because
the people have not under
stood or known much about
the real workings of their
Evening star., 1953-01-08

limitation more nearly impos-
sible than ever before.
It is not possible to give
here even the bare bones of
the debate. 1t was too long
and technical, with too many
experts participating. Largely
it revolved around the issue
of whether the Senate, differ
ing from the House, is "con-
tinuing body" since only q
third of it's members are chosen
at each biennial election. If
so. it seemed to be agreed. the
Senate is stuck with the old
rules-and the prospect Of fl
ibusters-far into the future.
Principal champion of the
continuing-body theory was
Senator Taft. the new Repub-
lican floor leader. notwith-
standing he always has indi-
Gated his opposition to fill
busters as such. The debate
revealed him to be a mastery
champion. one who knew his
stuff. He argued as skillfully
as any lawyer ever argued for a
client. Indeed, one got the
idea that that was exactly
what he was doing, the client
being the new Republican
Southern Democrat coalition.
His argument was calculated
to hold that coalition firmly
together. which apparently he
has succeeded in doing for the
time being. But If those South
ern Senators should ever turn
on him in a matter Of major
Importance. the Republican
leader may wish. after 1t Is
too late. that he had read the
law. the Constitution and the
precedents differently.
Evening star., 1953-01-08

affair. The saying that two
heads are better than one is
especially true Of policy
making and, while council ses-
sions can sometimes produce
delays, the end result is
usually bettsr when there Is
time for deliberation.
Already there are signs that
Gen. Eisenhower, in the field
of agriculture, for example.
is calling in men of various
viewpoints to shape policy in
the Department Of Agricul-
ture. He would find it equally
valuable in the field Of labor
management relations and in
the field of foreign policy. It
is unthinkable that one man
even the Secretary Of State
should be asked to make eco
nomic foreign policy and dip
lomatic foreign policy. The
two are related and have been
administered by two differ
ent agencies of Government.
They could be administered
by a single department pro-
vided such a department has
a policy-making council.
Mr.. Truman points out how
tough the presidency is as a
job. That's because no man
in recent years has ever meas
ured up to its real require
ments of leadership. The
President cannot be an exec
utive or an administrator in
the sense of a general busi-
ness manager. He can't even
make policies by himself. But
he has to provide the leader
ship which will get others to
help make policy. He has to
have enough sense to recog-
nize the difference between a
good or a bad recommends
ton. He must determine
whether the recommendations
of his advisers are in the pub
lie interest, and this requires
only intellectual honesty, COM
mon sense and courage.
Gen. Eisenhower looks like
a man who can provide that
kind of leadership-and he
has already started out with
the conference or council idea.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-01-08

agree Wilkins Instant Coffee comes closer
to regular" coffee than any other instant
brand on the market. And there's no
bother; no pot to clean, no waste. You can
make one CUP at time.
Wilkins Regular Coffee outsells its near
est competitor in the Washington area by
2 to l, according to the Evening Star
Survey. Wilkins Instant Coffee, we feel,
will do as we'll or even better, among
instant coffee drinking families. So we're
encouraged to repeat the following offer:
ACCEPT SPECIAL OFFER: Insteod Of mokine
strong advertising eIoims about Wilkins Instont
Coffee, we'll go as far as to guarantee that you'll
like it better than any other instant coffee you
ever tested. Here's what we'll do. Buy jar Of
Wilkins Instont Coffee, and try it. If il is not
Everything we say It is. send back the jar TO
US and we'll send you Two iors Of any instont
coffee brond you name. What could be foirer?
Try jar Of wilkins Instont Coffee todoyI
The wilkins Coffee FomiIy
Evening star., 1953-01-08
Raises SHAPE Hopes
New French Premier Nay Be the Key to Pr
Of Reinvgoroting European Preparedness
Constantine Brown:

The formation of a new gov
ernment in Paris headed by
conservative Rene Mayer has
increased the hopes of foreign
diplomats that Western Euro
pean military preparedness
may now regain its lost mo-
mentum. M. Mayer is a Jew.
and a strong advocate Of the
inclusion of Western Germany
in the European defense sys-
tine. Thus. should he propose
the army treaty, in a modified
form, to the National Assem-
bly,, the trumped-up accusa-
tions of being a "camou1aged
Boche" which had been hurled
at former Foreign Minister
Robert Schuman will no long
er hold water. Nobody would
accuse a Frenchman of the
Jewish faith Of having pro-
Boche leanings.
M. Mayer may not remain in
Office very long. All the same
his approval by the Assembly
has raised hopes at SHAPE
that the allies may now pos
sibly organize a German army
before it is too late. Gen.
Matthew Ridgway, who has
been enormously reported as
wishing to be relieved from
the NATO command because
of the political squabbles in
France and the growing
French-German friction, is
said to be much encouraged
by the termination of the
French political strife. Gen.
Ridgway is not a gutter. He
has met with more difficulties
as supreme commander than
his predecessor, President-elect
Eisenhower.
Gen. Ridgway took over the
burdenSome task of organizing
a strong European defense
force around the hard core of
six American and four British
divisions. He then had reasons
Evening star., 1953-01-08

growing in strength. due to
superior intelligence and mo-
rale, the question would not
be one Of blame or praise but
of accurate reporting.
The business of a Foreign
Service official is not to report
only such facts as confirm the
rightness of official policy. but
all the facts on which a sue
cessful policy can be built.
A Foreign Service official is .
political intelligence source.
A military intelligence officer
who failed to report the
strength of an enemy or the
weakness Of an ally would be
worthless. Wars can be won
or lost by the accuracy or in
accuracy Of the appraisals OF
such officers, whose most val
liable mental quality is COM
plete objectivity.
Regardless Of the case OF
Mr.. Vincent. morale in our
Foreign Service is low. largely
because our officials abroad
have become fearful to report
facts that do not support pre-
vailing public opinion or off,
cial policy; because critical re-
ports are ignored: because
such reports, rumored among
Congressman, are used for par
tisan-political purposes or mis-
interpreted; and because there
is a general tendency to hold
persons responsible for the
failures which they apprehend.
Valuable men have been dis
missed or shunted of into
minor jobs to encourage their
designations only because their
reports failed to uphold WASH
ington's appraisals.
In the war years, when
American policy viewed the
Soviet Union through the rosi-
est of spectacles. Foreign Serv-
ice officials who reported ad-
versely regarding Soviet in
tentions were ignored. or
shifted from their posts. or
became targets for systematic
attack, as reactionaries or
warmongers.
In my own profession, to re-
port facts. observations. or
opinions that fail to support
predominant opinion. or the
wishful thinking that passes
for it. often lays one open to
the charge of collusion, with
subsequent failure.
In 1899 and 1910. 1t was the
proper thing to report that
France had the best army in
the world and that French
morale was high. That was
not my opinion in April Of
1910, nor was it the opinion
of everybody. Before and at
the outbreak Of war. reports
reached Britain from private
sources indicating the extreme
weakness of France. and the
probability that If she went to
war she would shortly there
after make a separate peace.
Such reports were challenged
by official observers as totally
inaccurate, mischievous, and
inimical to q great ally.
They happened. however, to
be correct.
The board headed by Judge
Hand-which includes for
mer Assistant Secretaries Of
State to Mr.. Stimson and Cor.
dell Hull-will report to Pres
ident Eisenhower and his Sec
retary Of State. Mr.. Dulles. We
hope and believe that they will
have the civil courage to abide
by the results. whatever they
NAV be.
Evening star., 1953-01-08
Key to Problem

M. Mayer Is Q man who
does not live in o dreamland.
He is well aware that Frances
plight cannot be solved by bonn
bastic speeches. He realizes az
well as did his predecessor. An
tome Pinay. that there must be
close cooperation with Ger
many.
But, in order to obtain his
needed majority and form q
cabinet, M. Mayer Is said to
have compromised with the
Gaullists by agreeing to q re-
vision Of the Paris treaty, with
certain Qualifications and some
renegotiation. Additional pro-
tocols. including greater Brit
ish participation in the Euro
pean Defense Community, will
also have to be renegotiated
through diplomatic channels
before the treaty is submitted
for ratification In the French
Parliament. This means more
delay. during which time the
plans for the vitauy-needed
West German force will re-
main only a blueprint.
M. Mayors principal hope to
accomplish his task lies in his
contemplated visit to WASH
ington for a frank discussion
Of French problems with Gen.
Eisenhower.
The keen French politician
believes that If he can pre-
sent his rambupctious As
sembly. on which his political
life depends, with solid as
surances that America will
accept a greater share in the
French war in Indo- China
and at the same time increase
substantially the present help
to France in her critical A.
nancial and economic crisis,
his tenure Of Office may last
more than the customary few
months.
Evening star., 1953-01-08

Possessed of a detached and
critical judgment, Mr.. Dulles
must know too that the State
Department. with the White
House. bears the brunt of pop
ular feeling on the Korean
war and that it is currently
unpopular, the first American
war without its own songs. It
is unimportant to lis problem
where the blame lies; he has
got to correct the situation.
Secretary Of State Acheson
has fallen-or marched-into
a situation where he often
seems to have only ardent ad-
mirers or vehement detractors.
The former have feared to give
any ground to the type Of on
slaught which the latter en-
gagged in. The latter, finding
their methods a Comstock
lode in the way of political re-
turns, carried on. Voices SEEK
ing to be moderate and fair
were drowned out. while most
politicians prudently hunted
for the storm cellars.
Secretary Dulles hates such
irrationality. Whether he can
bring about a return to- sweet
reason may be debatable but
he intends to try.
The new Secretary Of State
also learned q lesson in service
here both in the department
and briefly as a Senator him
self. It is that the, head of a
great Government department
does well, within the bounds OF
loyalty to his President, to cul-
tivate his own political and
press relations.
Issues cross party lines, es-.
pecially foreign relations. Mr..
Evening star., 1953-01-08

The phenomenal acceptance of Wilkins
Instant Coffee by the public has exceeded
anything in coffee history!
Again and again, food store shelves have
been seOebt clean by the unprecedented
demand Letters pour into our plant, from
people who say they never dreamed an
instant coffee could taste so much like
regular" coffee - and so much better
than any instant coffee they ever tried
before!
No wonder. We spent several years,
and half-million dollars in cooperative
research and development. We put into
Wilkins Instant Coffee a fresh-roasted
blend of coffees that gives it that fabulous
South American flavor and aroma. The
instant you open the jar, you can smell
the difference. When you taste it, you'll
find none of the sweet "caramel-like" taste
you may get in many other brands. We
don't claim Wilkins Instant Coffee tastes
as good as Wilkins Regular Coffee. But
we'll bet you, two jars to one, that you'll
Evening star., 1953-02-01
NY. Bond Summary

Furnished by the Associated Press)
A list Of most active bonds on the
New York Stock Exchange, showing the
high, low and closing prices for the week
and the. net change from the previous
weeks close.
Evening star., 1953-02-01
Bonds Hold Ground
As Treasury Begins
Interest Rise Policy
By Arthur Merims
Associated Press FinoneioI Writer

NEW YORK, Jan. 31.-The
Treasury launched operation
boost" against interest rates this
week. but the bond market held
its ground and casualties were
Hight.
After the close of business on
Tuesday the Government an
nounced it would offer holders of
nearly SO billion of 17s per cent
certificates maturing February Is
the choice of either another one
year certificate or a five to six
year bond.
This was the first major re-
funding of the national debt by
the new administration. AS
such, it affects all Government
securities. In turn, Government
bond carrying charges affect all
borrowing costs as prime" in
vestments affect lesser" invest
mentS.
The Treasury waited until
late Thursday night to announce
that the one-year refunding
certificate would bear 2H per
cent interest, while the bond,
maturing in five years and 10
months would yield 212 per cent.
These higher rates were gen.
orally anticipated in Wall Street.
During the week, Government
bonds declined modestly to pre-
pare for the initial impact. The
23ss Of 1858 dipped 1882 to
% 1882 bid from last Friday to
this. Long-term Victory 21aS
dropped 4/32 at 95 1882 bid and
bank-eligible 21as slipped 1892
at 95 1892 bid.
Corporate bonds Steered a
fairly steady course throughout
the five trading days.