Evening star., 1953-01-07

who had been retired in the over
turn of 1916 by Irving Ives. but
who was due for comeback.
Mr.. Dulles accepted the situa-
ton as challenge. He had
probably never considered run
ming for Office in his adult years.
He stumped the State and every
one was surprised at what a
down-to-earth campaigner he
was. Senator Lehman won by
100000. which is close in New
York with its more than 6 mil
lion voters.
The few months in the Senate
were thoroughly enjoyed. Mr..
Dulles had been able to vote BIZ
partisan. The military assistance
program for the NATO nations
came up during his short term.
Despite his campaign New
York's millions do not yet know
him by sight. His tall figure
does not cause many heads to
turn on New York street.
He tells one story on himself.
He was introduced to a man at
big political reception. The
man caught the name because
he shook hands and said:
"Any relation to my good
friend, John Foster Dulles?"
After his campaign Mr.. Dulles
was in the doghouse with the
administration for his vigorous
criticism. But in a few months
Mr.. Acheson and Senator VAN
denberg got him back in the
State Department. They still
needed that pipeline. That led
to his most amazing accomplish
ment-to date-the japanese
treaty.
A treaty had been under con-
sideration since 1947 and initial
drafts had been prepared. But
the Soviet attitude made it seem
more impossible than a treaty
with Austria which has not yet
been arranged.
Advised Acheson.
Mr.. Dulles said to Mr.. Acheson
one day, why not give one man
the responsibility and set tar
get date-say a year from now"
That is how he got it. He
did some preliminary work that
was so promising that President
Truman made him an Ambas-
sador. his personal representa-
tive to bring about a treaty
Mr.. Dulles hit on the idea of
negotiating the treaty with the
interested nations separately to
avoid a peace conference at
which Soviet tactics would be
obstructive. A peace treaty had
never been arrived at that way
before
Mr.. Dulles negotiated with the
u. S. S. R.-had several con-
ferences with Jacob Malik. The
Soviet attitude was not the only
difficulty. Great Britain had
reason to fear the competition
of restored Japan in textiles
and shipping. Australia and
New Zealand feared a revival
of japanese military power.
They were aware of their close
escaped in 1942. The Philip
pines, Indonesia, Thailand, Bur-
ma and, others that had been
overrun wanted. reparationS.
They put the bill at more than
SO billion. . -
Mr.. Dulles had headed the
Reparations Committee at Ver-
sailles. He knew that a make
Japan-pay" policy would wreck
that nations economy and in
the long run Uncle Sam would
pay the reparations. He worked
out a reparations scheme by
which Japan could pay in goods
and services without wrecking
her productive capacity. He
convinced the down under"
countries that Japanese recov-
cry and a mutual defense treaty
with the United States would be
better than to see Japan fall
into the hands of the Commu-
mist power. Great Britain had
drawn up a suggested treaty.
Mr.. Dulles flew to London to
straighten out the differences.
London was of the greatest i'm
portance because of its influence
with the commonwealth ma
tions. Drafts had been sent to
all the Nations and in the end
all the really interested ones
made contributions.
Finished Job In One Year.
During Mr.. Dulles work on
the treaty the Korean war broke
out. Near the end of the work,
Gen. Macarthur was fired. In
the end 81 nations came to San
Francisco in response to an in
vitation to sign the treaty and
48 of them signed. Russia. Po-
land and Czechoslovakia refused
to sign. The whole thing was
accomplished in year to the
day from his appointment as
Ambassador.
Mr.. Dulles has many ties with