davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09

commissions in the Army and Air
Force. Otto McClarrin, director of
public relations at Howard, an
,nounced today.
The Air Force r.. O. T. C. unit,
which has an enrolment of 412
men, will graduate 70 officers;
While the Army, with 233 students
enrolled, will commission 80 as In
fantry officers. Thirty nine of the
Air Force officers will enter flight
training following graduation.
Eleven of the Air Force COM
missioners have already been aw-
arded, three in February and eight
in April. The February graduates
were Issac I. Gillian of Washing
ION, D. c., James E. Graves of
Lynchburg, Va, and Uric E. Ben
jamin Of st. Croix, Y. /.
Receiving commissions in April
we're Navarro A. Harrod and Irv-
ne W. Jones of Washington, D. c.,
Charles |. Bryant of Arlington, Va,
Bertram A. Bruton of Jacksonville,
Fla, John K. Busch Of Los Ange-
les, Calf, Eddie ]. Strachan of
Miami, Fla, Bonnie A. VanHoose
of Tuscaloosa, Ala, and Stanley H.
Womack of Pittsburgh, Pa.
Its. Gillian and Graves will enter
the Goodfellow Air Force Base
Flying School at San Angelo, Texas
in June.
The Army R. 0. T. C. unit at
Howard was established in 1921.
is headed by 1t. Col. Stanley O.
Rishoi, The Air Force r. O. T. C.
init, which was established in
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09
Career Day
Continued from Page One)

1858. This memorable day was
known as Career Day. Career Day
is designed to give vocational
guidance to growing boys and girls
on the serious problems of decid-
ing upon a choice Of a vocation in
preparation for ones life work.
Dean Kidd, Of the Mississippi
Vocational College at Itta Bena,
Mississippi, delivered an inspira-
tional and inspired address on the
superlative quality and richness Of
the dissertation.
Following the assembly, the stu
dents then went to the area meet
ing of their choice where a Compel
ent specialist representing that
particular field acted as Consult
ant and coordinated the discussion.
Immediately after the Area or
group meetings an evaluation As
sembly was held to determine the
effectiveness of the total program.
w. 0. Robinson, Director of the
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09
NEGRO Doctor =.
CONTINUED from Page One)

of the American Medical Associa-
ton. He was elected in l949 as a
member of the ANA house of dele
gates by the New York State
Medical Society.
DR.. Murray is graduate of Dill
lard University in New Orleans,
and received his medical degree
from Howard University in 1914.
He became assistant surgeon-chief
at Freedmen's Hospital in Wash
ington in 1918. In addition to his
Harlem Hospital duties, he is as
sociate director of obstetrics and
gynecology department at Syden-
ham Hospital, fellow of the New
York Academy of Medicine, the
American College of Surgeons, the
international College of Surgeons
and diplomatic of the American
Board of Obstetrics and Gyne-
cology.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09

Russell B. Tillmon.
Cabinet Making
F. c. Davis, Eugene Dozier, Jer-
lean Harris, Hurchel Pace, Tommie
Pham.
Printing
Emmett C. Brim, Frank Evans,
w. c. Harris, Frank Jackson, Will
lie Jones, David Morrison, Willie
L. Myles, Joe O'neal, Leander
Perryman, John H. Simmons, Sam
mic Lee Welton, Claud Williams,
Jr.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09
1O2 To Receive Commissions As Howard Univ.
RIO. I. {. Graduates LARGEST Class In History

WASHINGTON, D. C.-The Re-
serve Officers Training Corps at
Howard University will graduate
the largest class in it's 32-year his
tory this year when 1902 men stu
dents receive Second Lieutenant
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09
Ugh School in the State of Mis-.

High School in the State of Mis-.
slssippi and it compared very ia
vorably with similar progress in
other sections of the Country. Sup
erintendent B. 7. Johnson and Prin-.
cipal c. Peterson are to be high
ly commended for being Pioneers
into this vast, hitherto unexplored
opportunity to enrich the lives of
the boys and girls of the Mound
Bayou Consolidated School.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09
Progressive
CONTINUED from Page OneD

CONTINUED from Page One|
conducted surveys and searched
records old and new to arrive at
conclusions worthy of listening to.
The subjects cover all fields in pol
itics and business.
There is one person from each
precinct running for the three hon
ors that the voters will bestow
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09
MVC Names
Continued from Page One)

Pastor, Mt. Olive Cathedral,
Memphis, Tennessee will deliver
the Baccalaureate sermon, Sunday
May II, at $3.50 pm. in the College
Assembly Building.
Alvin J. Mcneil, registrar, has
announced, by counties, the follow
ing names of candidates for the
degree Of Bachelor of Science.
Carroll
Dora Montgomery, Elementary
Education.
F. Ellis Young, Secondary Edu-.
cation; major, English.
Holmes
Grace Virginia Austin, Elemen-
tary Education.
Minnie Lee Colbert, Elementary
Education
Rhoda Daniels Lowery, Elemen-
tary Education.
Susie Wells Mcdonald, Second
airy Education; major, Science Edu-
cation.
Clara B. Sanders, Elementary
Education.
Vernola H. Strong, Elementary
Education.
Bessie B. Threadgill, Elemen-
tary Educatio
Gladys H. Weaver, Elementary
Education.
Lou Ella r. Wolton, Secondary
Education; major, Social Science.
Willie Arthur Williams, Secon-
Diary Education; major, Social
Science.
Washington
Alice Dickerson Scruggs, Ele-
mentary Education.
Charles r. Lackey, Veterans
Coordinator, has released the fol-
lowing names of veterans who
have been issued certificates at the
completion of terminal courses.
Brick Masonry
Rufus Bounds, Ephriam Collins,
James Grafreed, D. L. Taylor,
Henry Taylor, Precelle Thomas,
George Anderson; Precinct lead
ers: Mr.. Roosevelt Ross, Mr.. j. W.
Anderson, Mrs. Ethel Draine.
Precinct No. 40, contestant Mrs.
Geneva Pearson; Precinct leaders:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1953-05-09

1948, is under the command o
Major John J. Suggs.
Evening star., 1953-06-14

created with fewer dollars. But the
unwary citizen might happily think
that was happening unless he paid
close attention to the fact that air
craft ordered in 1950-1952 are only
now being delivered in quantity. It
is no secret that deliveries of air
craft haven't been up to expecta-
tions. But they are now beginning
to roll in and some 1890 more air
craft are expected to be delivered in
fiscal 1854 than were delivered In
fiscal 1858. Thus Mr.. Wilson is, in
effect, taking credit for planes roll
ing belatedly of the assembly lines.
This increase in the rate Of planned
deliveries does not increase the num-
ber Of planned wings. Of course. The
late deliveries merely I'LL up wings
that should have been filled before
the new administration took over.
So the more for less" claim looks
almost like deliberate attempt to
miSlead.
Short Range Increase
Mr.. Wilson contends his program
will give the Air Force more combat
strength. Presumably he means in
the short-range future. in the next
80 months, for an official Pentagon
statement has contended that by
December, 1855, the number of COM
bat planes scheduled for delivery to
Air Force will be higher than in the
Truman budget" This could be If
"slippages" don't catch this program,
Evening star., 1953-06-14

to close friends, he is much sought
after by dogs and children. They
know he'll never Startle them by
talking loud or moving brusquely,"
one explained. Apparently, he has
something of the same soothing
effect on Senators.
Down South, Mr.. Russell is a
longtime favorite. Fifty-f1ve now,
he has been in the political swim
since he was "a. The son of a popu-
lar chief justice of the State, he
grew up in a family of 13 children
in the small town of Winder, Ga.
During 10 years in the State Legis-
lature, four of them as Speaker, he
cultivated a f1rst-name acquaint-
ance with many politicians. In 1881
he became the youngest chief eX-
ecutive in Georgia history. He in
Stituted notable economies in State
government and two years later was
elected for the unexpired term of a
Senator who died in Office. He dis
placed young Bob La Toilette as the
baby of the Senate.
In his early Senate days, Dick
Russell backed such New Deal meas
ures as appeared to be good for the
farmer-rural electrif1cation and the
school lunch program, for instance.
His big fight came in 1886, when
Mr.. Russell went up for reelection
against the gallus-snapping Gene
Talmadge whose reputation for
demagoguery was equaled only by
his popularity among Georgia WOOL
hats. It was in this battle that Rus
sell showed his ability as an in
Evening star., 1953-06-14
T By Mary McGrory

for a measure he's voting against, I
undertake to clear up any misap-
prehension he might have"
In the past the Senator has been
under pressure to assume the lead
ership of his party. His young
friend, Lyndon johnson of Texas,
got the job with his help this year.
He dislikes details of institutional
lied power, and did not relish his
post of chairman of Armed Services.
He conducted this committee with
a marked indifference to personal
recognition, just as on the Senate
floor he will pass along an amend
ment Of his own composition to an
other Senator to introduce. He
thinks as a practical thing that it
gives the others more of a stake in
the matter If they do part of the
work and get part of the credit.
Such detachment, combined with his
unflagging application to the daily
work of the Senate makes other
Senators regard him as a true pro-
feSSional.
The Senator's devotion to duty,
some colleagues say, is due to the
fact that he is a bachelor with
plenty of time for homework. A tall,
blue-eyed man. the Senator looks
like any number of other well-bred
Southern gentlemen. He also bears
some resemblance to his distant
kinsman and recent rival, Adlai
Stevenson. No party-goer, he is an
accomplished ducker of invitations
from Capital hostesses, According
Evening star., 1953-06-14

too. The new orders will concen-
trate on combat aircraft. Planned
production Of some 1850 trainers,
transports and helicopters has been
eliminated in the new budget. On
the long-range future, after 1866,
the Wilson program Is vague.
The Air Force, Of course, will be-
come stronger as Mr.. Wilson says.
That has been the plan since 1850.
But. as Gen. Vandenberg says,
There will be reduction in those
units which support the combat
operations Of the Army" ~
The planned reduction Of troop
carrier wings-principally assault
transports much desired by the
Army-will have definite effect on
the Army's ability to respond to an
emergency.
Mr.. Wilson says money can be
. saved by cutting down the lead
time" between the placing of an
order for airplanes and getting COM
pleted delivery. This, he said, will
result in lower unit costs. Mr.. Will
son is production man and he
should know. But the trade publi-
cation, Aviation Week, quoted Gin
dustry sources" as saying: "The
Pentagon may order aircraft with
an 18-month lead-time schedule,
but this will do nothing to speed
up manufacture of critical compo-
nents (fre-control equipment, land
ing gears and electronic devices)
and so reduce actual lead time"
Evening star., 1953-06-14

It also noted that while the Navy
operates on an 18-month schedule,
ut still takes at least ~ months
to get an aircraft delivered"
Gen. Vandenberg seemed less con-
cerned with the lead time in plane
building than he did in the lead
time" required to flt planes and
the men who fly and service, them
together on q uSable airbaSe. A
few thousand soldiers without guns
or few thousand airmen without
airplaneS can waste a lot Of tax
money If the military planners gum
up the works.
Long-Ronge Peril
It appears that the Air Force may
be stronger in 1954-5 than the Tru-
man administration had planned.
But by 1857 or 1858 it could become
a "second-rate" air force-especially
if appropriations for research and
development, for the building of
prototypes, and for bases are cur
tailed as much as Mr.. Wilson seems
to desire.
Mr.. Wilson skirts this 1873
aspect by saying that his 12O-wing
program is an interim one, pending
a review of the full defenses and
strategic situation by the newly ap-
pointed Joint Chiefs of Staff. Yet
the President has said in comment
ing on general strategy, that the
great facts that affect so-called
strategic situation and plan do not
change rapidly. If this be so, the
new jos isn't likely to come up with
any startling recommendation for
changes in United States strength or
strategy. It is reasonable to assume,
then, that the President and the
Secretary Of Defense will be working
from essentially the same data when
they make plans for future budgets.
They will have to decide whether
they are willing to continue the same
degree of calculated risk, decrease it
or even increase it.
Evening star., 1953-06-14
What the Breeder-Reoctor Does

reactor must have critical mass''
Of fashionable material in order to
work. This mass is known to be
between 2 and 200 pounds.
But where critical mass is at
tanned, and properly controlled, one
neutron will strike another U-235
atom and continue the process
simple chain reaction. The other
is neutronS are lost. Essentially,
this is continuous production Of
energy at the eventual expense Of
the U-235 core. It is what occurs
in the atomic submarine engine now
nearing completion.
In another type OF reactor-like
the one at Hanford-the same chain
reaction takes place. But in addi-
ton, some fraction Of another neu-
tron hits an atom (of U-23O and
changes it into plutonium. The plu-
tonium then goes to work on other
U-238 atoms, just as U-235 does.
The other neutrons are lost.
Carrying it a step further, sup
pose that of the 2.5 neutrons con-
meet, and that only S neutron gets
lost. Then we have-scientists will
hate the word because it is inaccu-
rate though popular-a p >etual
motion machine. The amount Of
fashionable material remains the
same. and power keeps being gener-
ated. We are at least at this point
with the Idaho breeder reactor. al
though this Is not true breeding
Finally, breeding is attained when
the neutron loss is cut down below
5. Then we actually get more fis-
sionable material than we started
with. From time to time we can
tear the reactor to pieces, put it
back together again and take the
excess material to use for whatever
purpose we desire. We can make
atom bombs with it, or we can make
new breeder reactors with 1t. And
we are dependent no longer on
scarce U-235. The only controlling
factor is the availability of stuff
that can be used in the blanket.
This, we know, Is at least 140 times
as plentiful as U-235. and if thorium
is useful as well, the supply may
be increased to nearly 800 times its
present level.
Big Power Producer
Inherent in breeder reactors is
the production of a great deal Of
power. For instance, the expert
mental breeder reactor in Idaho
is a small job. with core only
as big as a football. But even this
miniature core has a power density
of 4 kilowatts to cubic inch
or over 1000 kilowatts continuous
power output. Not all this will be-
come electric energy. of course, but,
even with the losses, the expert
mental reactor generates about 335
horsepower continuously.
For a variety of reasons. free
power for every one probably never
will be reality. But plentiful power
is another thing. An Acc expert
has calculated that, locked up in
side the worlds economically re-
coverable uranium supply, is eight
times as much power as all man
kind has used since the dawn OF
history. And inside the earth's tho
rum atoms Is an approximately
equal amount.
There would seem to be a great
day coming-if we don't kill each
other off first with our vast new
supply of fashionable materials.
Evening star., 1953-06-14
Senator'S Senator Is Polished Operator

Senator Richard B. Russell, Dem
ocrat, of Georgia, former chairman
of the Senate Armed Services Com
mittee, will come out of his self
styled "quasi-retirement" to speak
his mind against the proposed ad-
ministration Air Force cutback. If
anybody can make dent in the op-
posing ranks of Eisenhower -stiffened
Republicans and economy minded
Democrats, he is probably the one.
No man in the Senate has a larger
personal following, and no man cor
responds more consistently to his
colleagues idea of what a Senator
should be.
Mr.. Russell's prestige does not
arise merely from his unofficial but
acknowledged leadership of the
closely knit Southern wing Of his
party, nor from his seniority Che
ranks third in the Senate). In 20
years Of service, he has established
a reputation for intelligence, integ-
rity and political savvy. He works
harmoniously with his Georgia col
league, Senator George. He knows
what he thinks about everything,
but confines his speaking to his spe-
cialties, agriculture and defense. He
fights hard on the floor, but with
an impersonality that leaves his
friendships on both sides of the
aisle unbruised. He need yield to no
one in his knowledge of Senate rules
and members. and he deals deftly
with the difficult.
'PIeosont to DeoI With
One classically minded observer
fell back on a Latin tag to explain
the Russell charm: "SuGDiter In
modo. tortiter in re. You know,
he's awfully pleasant to deal with,
but he bears down on issues"
A Georgian politician, who accords
Russell the kind of adulation
granted him by many Southerners,
fell back on negative description:
Dick, well, he's just never repul-
Sive."
Even Northern liberal members
of his party. who are perennially
thwarted by Senator Russell's ada
mant stand against "civil rights"
readily concede his patriotism and
fair-mindedness. They feel his limi-
tations are geographic, not per-
Sonal.
1.-THE tragedy Of Dick Russell is
that the South will not let him be
the great man he could become. He
would have made an excellent
President" said one.
Effective Vote Getter
A COP. Senator gratefully re-
members time when the Georgian
proffered his help on measure that
was going badly on the floor. Within
matter of minutes some 20 votes
had come his way. Despite this, one
Southerner reports he has never
caught Dick asking for vote"
Senator Russell deprecates such
talk of his influence, and says that
as a matter of principle he disap-
proves Of lobbying Senators" AL
ways willing to expose his colleagues
to his point Of view-and they often
seek it-he stops short. most Of the
time, Of pressing them. All he will
admit Is this: IF I see q man
whose mores tell me he should be
Evening star., 1953-06-14
By WiIliom Hines

neptunium becomes plutonium. And
plutonium, which is not found IN
nature, has the same fashionable
property as U-235.
In the Hanford regenerative re-
actor, plutonium is made from
U-238. But this reactor always
turns out less fashionable material
than is consumed. The effect is to
stretch out the availability of fis-
sionable material. For instance, If
80 pounds of plutonium is created
for every 100 pounds of uranium
235 consumed, five times as much
use is obtained from the U-235 as
if it had been burned" without re-
generating. If 80 pounds is created
for 100 pounds consumed, the
stretchout factor is 10.
But what if 100 pounds of pluto
mum is made for every 100 pounds
Of U-235 used? The Stretchout be-
comes endless. And if 1O1 pounds
comes out for every 100 pounds that
goes in, the reactor is operating at
a profit" This process is called
breeding" and the engine in which
it takes place in a breeder reactor.
That is what has happened in
Idaho.
Now it becomes a theoretical pos
sibility that the earth's whole supply
of uranium can be used, and not
just tiny fraction of it. And if
things work out right, the supply
of f1SSionableS theoretically can be
doubled even over this tremendous
hoard.
Thorium Experiments
Mr.. Dean said experiments were
being conducted to see whether a
breeder reactor can use non-flssion-
able thorium as well as non-f1ssion-
able U-238. If it can, another arti-
flcial element with the same fission-
able property as U-235 and pluto
mum will appear on the scene. This
element Is uranium 233.
And along with its material prod
ucts, U-233 and plutonium. the
breeder reactor will produce power,
perhaps cheaply enough to make
atomic fuel competitive with coal,
once full-scale production is at
tanned.
Essentially, this seems to be the
set-up of a breeder reactor:
A small core of pure U-235 is set
inside blanket" of U-238 Cor
thorium). All through the core and
blanket run metal pipes containing
a coolant liquid OF sodium and
potassium. These pipes take off
the heat generated as U-235 splits,
and run this heat to a transfer
device. Another sodium potassium
circuit takes the heat on to a steam
generator, which turns an electric
turbo-generator, producing electric
power. .&.-.. -..
Inside any reactor-breeder or
not-stray neutrons hit atoms Of
U-235, breaking them up into two
other substances, plus energy in the
form of heat, plus some spare neu-
irons. The average number of neu-
irons thus released is 2.5 per atom,
OF course, there is no such thing as
a half a neutron, but there can be
'2.5 million 7neutrops per million
atoms, and so the statistics hold
good. .-,.. ..t .,
Where not enough uranium Is
present, the 25 neutrons get lost
and nothing else happens. So any
Evening star., 1953-06-14

fighter, using every weapon In tho
political arsenal from the truth to
ridicule. OF Gene couldn't stand
either, and lost the election. Gene
never took him on again, nor did his
son "Hummon," the present Gov
ernor of Georgia.
No Trouble in '54
AS a result Of this and other
triumphs, Russell Is not expected to
face any serious opposition when he
goes up-as he intends to-for re-
election next year
His position on such issues as civil
rights and unlimited debate Is the
classic Southern one. But just as
this position has helped keep him in
the Senate, 1t did much to keep him
out of the running for the presi-
dency.
Even though Russell tried and
failed at Chicago in 1852, he did
not bolt the party and go either
Dixiecrat or Eisenhowercrat. His
party loyalty is Gibraltar-like. He
was a Democrat when the unpopular
Ito Georgia) AL Smith headed the
ticket in 1928. He refused the Dixie
crat bid in 1948.
The abortive Russell-f for President
campaign of 1852 seemed. to his
admirers, out of character. His
hard slugging at Estes Kefauver
and his 11th-hour bid for labor
support did not reach the high
plane on which Senator Russell
habitually operates in the Senate.
Macarthur Probe
Senator Russell achieved his
greatest heights as national figure
during the Macarthur hearings.
One Senator calls that episode "the
Senate at its best" Not only did
he out-general the general. he dis
armed his opponents of any charge
of partisanship.
He is one of the Democratic Sem
ators on whom President Eisen-
hover can count for, support Of
his foreign policy. He voted against
military aid for Western Europe, but
has supported other international
measures.
In Washington the Senator lives
quietly and alone at the Mayf1ower.
reading steadily. Most senators
piously protest they have no time
for books; he admits to three a
week. He reads avidly in history
especially what he frankly refers
to as the civil war") and biography,
and even a historical novel, no mat
ter how trashy, If the facts are right.
(He loved Gone With the Wind"
naturally Every time he can he
goes to Georgia to see his 86-year-
old mother. to whom he is deeply
devoted, and to re-une with his
large, close clan.
Some Of his admirers wish. that
as a minority member he would
speak out on more issues. They
claim that in the interests of main
tanning harmony in the Senate, he
seems to be saving his fire for q
battle that may never come.
Meantime, however. they subscribe
to the sentiment Of the song sung
to the Senator at the Gridiron Club,
which began:
do not forsake us. oh, Dick Rus.
SELL"