davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-09-13

No. 3, go to totally different field:
Farm policy. They believe that
falling prices for agricultural
products will give them a major
talking point. Along with that will
be the farm price support program,
up for revision in the coming Con-
gress.
Other Top Issues
Here are the other top issues as
seen by the Democrats
Economy in Government; credit
policy and interest rates (the new
'hard-money" policy of the Eisen-
hover administration already. the
Democrats cry. is putting high
lntereSt-rate burden on the little
guy, while prices continue to rise);
- budget balancing: social security
expansion (no action yet on G.. o. P.
campaign promises; aid to Europe
tCongresSmen in both parties have
urged that dollar aid come to an
early end. and Federal aid to
schools and hospitals.
Filling out the Republican list are
these issues:
Tax revision (the administration
is looking for more equitable ways
OF imposing taXes). farm prices, aid
to Europe. social security expansion,
tariffs, reciprocal trade agreement
extension and Far East policy.
The issues will vary also with the
region. In the West, for instance.
use of public lands is an important
campaign topic; in New England,
immigration policy is vital.
President Eisenhower will be much
in the campaign whether or not he
takes the stump for Republican
candidates. The Eisenhower stand
on all issues will be the focus of
debate. Candidates in both parties
have indicated they would boast Of
their support of the President.
1t is interesting to note that Of
the three principle campaign issues
of 1952-corruption, communism
and Korea-only one, Korea, is
expected to be important next year.
Such traditional campaign stand
byS as Taft-Hartley revision and
civil rights also rated low as issues.
Taft-Hartley can be expected to
arouse more interest now. however.
in view of the resignation Of Labor
Secretary Durkin and his criticism
of G. O. P. labor policies.
The final lines, of course, have
not been drawn tor the 81 cam
paign. Congress will have another
session in which to build up a rec
ord on the top issues. There will be
action on taxes, the budget, farm
policy, social security, trade, aid and
fiscal policy.
Politicians never wait for the final
lines, however. as tomorrow's ora
tory will show.
Evening star., 1953-09-13
u. N. Assembly
Nine. Pundit Expected
To Win Presidency
-By Mox HorreIson

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-Asian
problems and Asian countries will
play a major role in the session of
the United Nations General Assem-
bly, opening Tuesday. But the East
West cold war will continue to cast
its shadow over the entire program
Diplomats are prepared to tackle
more than 70 questions topped by
Korea, the dispute over China's y. N.
seat and disarmament.
On at least one thing Russia and
the West apparently are in agree
ment-the election of Mrs. Vijaya
Lakshmi Pandit of India as president
of the 60-nation Assembly. She is
one of ASia's most distinguished dip
lomats and sister of Prime Minister
Nehru.
The United States decision to sup
port Mrs Pandit brought some crit
icism at home, but helped to heal
the split among the Western allies
over the proposed participation
of India in the Korean peace con-
ference.
The Communists. however, have
indicated they might try to widen
this split by reviving the debate over
the Korean parley and by pressing
for immediate seating of Red China.
More Koreo?
Theoretically, the Korean problem
was disposed of last month when
special meeting of the Assembly Sc
Ioofad TT NJ roy1rocoNt fivyoc for fba
peace conference. But RuSsiaS
Andrei Vishinsky insisted at the time
that the conference should not be a
two-sided affair and warned that
the Communists might toss the whole
question back to the new Assembly.
The United States delegation,
headed by Secretary of State Dulles,
will try to prevent reopening of the
Korean debate. They will contend
that the Communists should have
no say in the selection of the U. N.
representative for the peace par
ley, but should merely choose their
own delegations. The United States
probably will win majority support,
but only after plenty of fireworks.
including a possible Red threat to
boycott the conference.
No Showdown on China
AS for the seating of Red China.
the United States is confident that
it will be able to avoid a show
down by simple proposal that the
assembly postpone action during
the 1858 sesSion-or at least until
after the Korean conference.
This same device was used by the
United States last year to sidetrack
the Chinese representation question.
BY proposing that the assembly
postpone action. the United States
hopes to provide resolution that
will win the backing of countries
which do not want to vote yes or
no on the basic question of seating
the Chinese Reds at this time.
Although India has shown an in
tense interest in both the Korean
and the Chinese issues, observers do
Evening star., 1953-09-13

The death last Tuesday morning
of the Chief Justice of the United
States. Fred M. Vinson, put into
the hands of President Eisenhower
the choicest political plum a Pres
ident can dispense. But at the same
time, Mr.. Wilson's death loaded onto
the Presidents shoulders the heavi-
est personnel responsibility he is
likely to experience.
Though the top judicial post of
the Nation is juicy gift. it is
traditionally not one to be handed
out, like a postmastership, to any
deserving hack. Every President
from Washington to Truman who
has had TO name Chief Justice
IL Presidents all told-has done his
honest best to appoint good man.
Over the long haul since 1889. the
performance of the appointees has
been excellent.
Impressive EmoIuments
What makes the job the No. l
gift in the political Doodle bag is
this impressive list of emoluments:
. An annual salary of $25. 900.
. Lifetime tenure, with removal
only by court of Impeachment.
. Retirement on full pay at age
10 if desired.
. No. 3 spot on the precedence
list at official functions, after only
the President and Vice President
. The prestige of heading one of
the three equal branches of the
Federal Government.
What makes it a job to be filled
with care are the vast powers of the
Supreme Court, the universal re-
spect in which that tribunal is held
and the body of high tradition built
around the chief justiceship since
the days of the first incumbent,
John Jay.
Possible Successors
Though President Eisenhower
made no immediate move to fill the
post, there was speculation last week
on a successor to Chief Justice Vim
son. The names most frequently
mentioned were these:
Thomas E. DeUey, 81, Governor
of New York, leading preconven-
ton supporter of President Eisen-
hower's candidacy. and himself twice
U944 and 1948) the G. o. P. candi-
date for President.
John Foster Dulles. 65, Secretary
Of State and former (appointive)
Senator from New York.
Earl Warren, 50. Governor Of Cali
Evening star., 1953-09-13

a radio address that current troubles
in the Middle East can be attributed
to local fanaticism, that the people
"often act in strange ways" and that
it is consequently difficult to deal
with the problems there ION a ra-
tional basis"
5. Pistol for Noeuib
May 11-Mr. Dulles posed for
photographers in Cairo giving
Egypt's Premier Naguib pistol from
President Eisenhower. Gen. Naguib
and Britain's Prime Minister
Churchill were engaged at that time
in an acid exchange over the SueZ
problem-an exchange that threat
ened to end in shooting. Mr.. Dulles
commented as he presented the pis-
toll This is for keeping the peace,
not for war;" The British were
aghast.
s. Troops in Koreo
August 1-Mr. Dulles forced an
other White House denial after our
Korean allies misunderstood his re-
marks about using American troops
for rehabilitation work in Korea.
Mr.. Dulles was reported to feel that
soldiers themselves would profit by
having something to do. No labor
battalions" were planned, the White
House explained later.
7. Germon Elections
September 3-Mr. Dulles was
criticized in his own State Depart
ment as we'll as in Europe for
openly backing Chancellor Ade-
nauer on the eve of the voting in
Western Germany last Sunday.
8. Trieste Issue
September 3-Mr. Dulles said he
had an open mind on settling the
Trieste issue, thus alarming Italy
which relied on the old United
States policy of favoring Italian an
nexation of all Trieste. The anti
government press in Italy attacked
the government for Dulles remark
Pro-government. pro-A m er C a n
newspaper M o M ento SerG said,
This declaration signifies in clear
words an allied withdrawal and had
"encouraged the arrogance of the
Yugoslav leaders" The Italian Am
bassador in Washington rushed to
the State Department for explana-
tions.
9. japanese Reormoment
September 3-Mr Dulles said
Japan should increase it's efforts to
provide more internal security rath-
er than put so much of the burden
on the United States. He criticized
Japan. with IS million people, for
not adopting a very severe program
Evening star., 1953-09-13

not foresee any difficulties growing
out of the election of an Indian as
president of the Assembly The
main function of the president is
to preside over plenary meetings of
the assembly, which usually does
tee decisions. Most of the parlia-
mentary maneuvering takes place in
the 60-nation first committee.
Disarmament
The disarmament question, in
cluding atomic control, was a fairly
dead issue last year, but many
delegates expect both Russia and
the United States to make new
proposals during the coming session.
Mr. Vishinsky limited at this few
weeks ago when he supported
proposal to continue the work of
the U. N. Disarmament Commission
for another year. This proposal
said international developments
were favorable to more talks.
Two developments may have an
ment debate. These are the Korean
armistice and the announcement
that Russia has produced the hydro
gen bomb. 1t has been generally
agreed that there could be no re-
ductlon in armaments while the
Korean conflict continued. The H
bomb announcement. coming shortly
after the armistice, could be used
by the Russians to dramatize new
proposals just as they used the
announcement of their first atomic
explosion in 1949.
Other Questions
While Korea. China and dis
armament are the major issues be-
fore the Assembly, there are several
other explosive questions on the
agenda. These include:
. Asian-Arab complaints that
French actions in TuniSia and Mo-
rocco threaten international peace.
o A United States complaint against
forced labor behind the Iron Curtain.
Q Asian-Arab complaints against
South Africa's racial laws.
. Burma's charges that Nationalist
China threaten peace by failing
to withdraw Chinese guerrillas from
Burmese soil.
. The question of alleged American
subverSiveS in the U. N. secretariat
and payment of damages to employees
fired in connection with United
States loyalty inquiries.
On the economic and social side
the Assembly will face decisions af-
fecting the future of UNICEF (chil-
dren'S emergency fund.-, the Office
of the high commissioner of refu-
gees and the U. N. expanded pro-
gram of technical assistance.
Associated PFesS)
Evening star., 1953-09-13

of austerity and said they could do
better. Earlier in the summer Mr..
Dulles had told congressional COM
mittee that the United States hoped
Japan would develop a 10-division
army. Under terms of its American
imposed constitution, Japan re-
nounces war.
10. India
September 3-India's Congress
Party leaders said Mr.. Dulles was
adding insult to injury" when he
pointed out at the American Legion
convention in st. Louis that it was
India's privilege not to join the
United Nations forces fighting in
Korea, but that the privilege had to
be paid for. "One price," Mr. Dulles
had said, was profound distrust on
the part of the Republic of Korea"
Indian leaders said American policy
is showing increasing signs of lack
of craftsmanship. If America pur-
sues her present policy any longer
she will find herself isolated. not
only from India but from all the
Western democracieS."
Some Degree Of Unity
It should be clear at the outset,
of course, that the broad lines of
Mr.. Dulles foreign policy are not
being seriously challenged. either
by Republican friends or Democratic
rivals. Like Mr.. Dulles, the great
majority wants Europe to ratify the
European defense community trea-
ty as soon as possible; wants to
preserve friendship with our allies,
and wants to keep Red China out
OF the United Nations. 1t is even
quite probable that most Americans,
if they could have participated in
the German elections, would have
voted for Adenauer. too.
The argument is not so much
over what Mr.. Dulles is doing. but
the way that he is doing it. Amer
ica's most important allies are turn
ing from good-natured cooperation
toward sullen acquiescence. Great
Britain, for instance, used to have
enthusiasm for unity with America.
Now the British are preserving unity
more for the principle of the thing,
not because they enjoy it.
Lock of Preparation
One handicap to Mr.. Dulles plan
for openness has been haphazard
preparation for radio -television
talks. These half-hour programs
have been intended to educate the
average American about world af-
fairs. Possibly some were instruc-
tive but they we're widely misunder-
stood both here and abroad.
Mr.. Dulles first major address,
Evening star., 1953-02-26
Dorothy thompson:
The Greatest Real Estate Deal
Louisiana Purchase, at Four Cents On Acre, Set OF
Greet Era Of Y. S. Expansion and Colonization

single great farms worth more
today than the original price
paid for the whole territory.
and immense amounts of oil
and mineral deposits.
The millions Of children of
immigrants may wonder
whether they could ever have
come here if this deal had not
assured the continent for the
United States. The territory
was purchased for hardly more
than one-tenth of the dollar
cost of the Forrestal aircraft
carrier
It is not established beyond
doubt who first discovered the
mouth of the Mississippi.
Spanish explorer preceded the
Frenchman, La Sale, but he
was the first to claim it for his
country A Frenchman, Jean
Baptiste lie Moyne, founded
New Orleans-and began the
importation Of Negro slaves
from the Guinea coast. The
colonists were French.
Then by a secret treaty
(1762) the territory was ceded
Evening star., 1953-02-26
Atomic cSpyMoved
To AIcatraz Prison

The Government has quietly
moved Morton Sobell, atomic
spy convicted of espionage with
julius and Ethel Rosenberg, to
escape-proof Alcatraz Island, it
has been learned here.
Sobell, under sentence for 30
years, is the first atomic spy to
be quartered in the San Fran
cisco Bay penitentiary, hereto
fore used primarily for "des-
perate risks"
Federal Prison Director James
v. Bennett has informed q
Senate Judiciary subcommittee
on national penitentiaries that
Sobell was transferred to Alca-
traZ within the last few months.
He told the Senators in a
Evening star., 1953-02-26

by France to Spain. and by
another treaty the following
year everything east Of the
Mississippi. the Iberville River.
and Lakes Maurepas and Pont-
chartrair was ceded to Great
Britain-these deals creating
opposition among the French
colonists who began a move
ment for independence.
A Spaniard. with the most
un-Spanish name of O'Reilly,
was sent by his king with a
strong military force and put
down the popular rebellion by
conciliatorily inviting its lead
ers to a reception and arrest
ing them as his guests. French
Louisiana nevertheless en-.
joyed prosperous quiet under
Spanish rule.
During the American Revo-
luton, the Spanish governors
sided with the United States,
even before Spain joined the
French against Great Britain
in Europe.
In 1900 the territory went
back to France, in another
European deal.
This was not acceptable to
the young American republic.
France was then the mightiest
European power; nor was there,
in those realistic times, a dis
position to believe once an ally
always an ally.
But Napoleon was hard up
for money for his wars, his
colonial schemes had failed in
Santo Domingo, and he feared
he could not hold the province
against Great Britain, which
was repeatedly contemplating
an expedition against New Or
leans.
Thomas Jefferson, who was
then President, had q very ca
pable diplomat in Paris, Rob-
ert Livingston. to whom We
owe much for exceeding his in
structionS. The Government
had never dreamed Of asking
for the whole territory or Of
paying more than 81 million.
But Napoleon, for some sat
million, was suddenly disposed
to dump the whole territory.
and Joined by James Madison, !.
the two ministers, without in
struction, closed the deal for
their country-before Napoleon
might change his mind, or a
ruckus start in Congress over
so great an expenditure.
The gain of so vast q terri
tory helped the United States
to hold her independence be-
tween Britain and France dur
ing the Napoleonic wars; es-
tablished the doctrine Of i'm.
piled powers; gave the new re-
public the basis for the great
expansion and colonization
that followed; and assured the
dominance of the United
States in North America.
It also. alas. accentuated the
slavery issue.
But not q drop of blood was
spilled for this conquest, ac-
complished by the greatest real
estate deal of all time.
Evening star., 1953-02-26
Psychological Warfare Begins
Lodges Bill Of Particulars Shows Russia Betrayed
Her u. N. Membership; She Should Be Expelled

U. N. and has shown herself
faithleSs to her obligations.
She has furnished military
support to an aggressor, de-
spite the formal resolution of
the U. N. Of October, 1850,
calling on all member nations
to refrain from aiding the ag-
greSSor countries.
No international body can
survive if any of it's members
enters into a secret alliance
to thwart the will Of the ma
jority by military means.
Looking into the future, the
new turn of American policy
means that the foundations
are being laid for a challenge
to Soviet Russia in which the
free world must take sides.
Here is no question of the
merits of the Korean war it
self or of the issues which
surround it, but a simple
question of fidelity to an in
ternational charter. If Soviet
Russia does not withdraw her
military support from Com
munist China and North Ko-
rea. then there is only one
course left to the free nations
to expel Soviet Russia from
the United Nations, just as the
League of Nations saw fit to
do when an analogous situa-
ton arose in the '30s and
Russia broke faith.
Once the free world unites
on the proposition that aggres-
sion will not be rewarded or
condoned, the whole face of
things will in due time change
in Asia. Countries like India
and the Arab nations, for ex-
ample, cannot afford to be
counted as either ignoring ag-
gression or as looking the other
way when the principle of
collective security is sabotaged.
They, also, may face aggressors
some day and the United
States is capable of looking
the other way, too-if collec-
tive security breaks down.
The American Ambassadors
speech is known to have been
the result of high-level confer
ences here, and it will not fade
Evening star., 1953-02-26

gun about this time. He was
always a worrier, they recall,
even when he was busiest.
Young Bob" as old-timers
realize. had another grievance
against history which he rare
ly spoke about. The La Fol-
lettes were liberals when it
was hard and unrewarding to
be liberal, but the liberal hey
day when it came brought
with it the glamorous figure
of Franklin Roosevelt whose
name now is imperishably at
tached to the reforms which
the La Follettes had preached.
In personality, Bob La Fol-
lette and the late James For
restal, another suicide, had
much in common. Had they
cared less intensely about the
country's problems, had they
been able to scream their
anger and Illustrations, per-
haps even to throw things.
they might still be here and
able to enjoy the admiration
and affection which have
marked their tributes in death.
Young Bob was a Senator
of whom Senators were proud.
President Eisenhower, asked
at his second press conference
for comment on his first
month in Office, said that one
Of the best things about it
was working with fine men
In the service of the country.
In that splendid company Of
public servants, Bob La Fol-
lette has an imperishable
place.
Evening star., 1953-02-26

cies would begin the day the
new one was established. If
a strong and competent man
headed the information agen-
cy serious conflicts could not
be avoided. for such men have
ideas Of their own. And, willy
nilly. from time to time they
would be promoting their own
ideas, whether or not they
agreed with those of the State
Secretary.
The President would have,
in a very real way, two Secre-
taries of State, and no Presi-
dent has yet been born with
the ability to coordinate two
Secretaries of State.
OF the two it is uncertain
which would exert the most
influence over world affairs.
Give me the making of the
songs of a nation and I care
not who makes its laws" That
was written two and half CEN
turies ago by Andrew Fletcher
of Saltoun in an essay en-
titled, Conversation Concern
ing q Right Regulation of
Government for the Common
Good of Mankind" Right
regulation of government for
the common good of mankind
or the common good of the
American people could not
result from deptiving the
accepted foreign policy spokes-
man Of his voice. Nor could it
result from giving another
spokesman nothing but q
voice.
In ordinary times none of
this would need to be said.
No self-respecting Secretary of
State would permit the con-
Sideration Of a plan to set up
a rival organization within the
Government. But these are not
ordinary times. This is the
Mccarthy era. And we wit
ness the indomitable Mr..
Dulles and his lieutenants
running like rabbits from the
Evening star., 1953-02-26
Dorothy Thompson:

I am reminded that this
year Is the 150th anniversary
of the greatest real estate deal
in history, and the greatest
territorial conquest ever ac-
complished without war, al
though War-other peoples
wars-played a role in it.
The inhabitants of Louisi-
ana. Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa,
Minnesota, North and South
Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma
and those Of most of Kansas,
Colorado, Wyoming and Mon
tana can trace their stake
back to the Louisiana Pur-
chase, though, at the time the
deal was consummated the en-
tire region had only 10000 in
habitants. Today, it is the
home Of more than 10000, 900
Americans.
Iowa farmers, tilling the
richest soil on earth, outside
such alluvial regions as the
Nile basin, may consider with
wonder that the United States
paid 4 cents an acre for their
land. Within this area are
Evening star., 1953-02-26
David LoWrence:

The psychological war to win
the support Of mems minds
everywhere has begun in
earnest. Moral force-the
most powerful weapon the
world has ever known, because
it eventually overturns rulers
and oligarchies no matter how
strong their dictatorship-has
been unleaShed by America in
the United Nations with an
uninhihited fury.
For the first time since the
Korean war broke out, the
United States Government has
formally and openly and un-
equivocally accused Soviet
Russia not only of having
instigated the Far Eastern con-
flict. which now has caused
hundreds of thousands of
casualties, but of supplying
arms and ammunition to the
North Korean and Communist
Chinese armies to keep the war
going.
There have been hints Of
this before in speeches by
American representatives of
the Truman administration at
the U. NJ, but the compre-
hensive charges and fortnight
declarations by former Senator
Henry Cabot Lodge, now the
United States Ambassador to
the United Nations, climaxes a
long-pent-up feeling that must
inevitably shape the thinking
of the free world along new
lines of action.
For the debate is more sig
nif1cant than mere speech
making and rebuttals. It is the
forerunner of an inevitable
series of steps that may either
build the U. N. to the strongest
international organization to
enforce peace that the world
has ever known or shatter it
to pieces-wrecked by the
reasonable action of one Of its
foremost members, Soviet
Russia.
For the bill Of particulars
Just given by Ambassador
Lodge constitutes q charge
that Soviet Russia has be-
trayed her membership in the