Evening star., 1953-07-09
Reds Use Fear
In nPropaganda,
Institute Told
Ways Of Distorting
U. S. Life Described
At U. of Virginia
BY the Assoeiated Press

ov me ASsoet0veo rFoSo
CHARLOTT ESvuLE, Va,
July 9.-The Communists prop
aganda against America plays on
fear of war, envy of the rich,
distrust of the strong and sus-
picion of both what is old or
new. Harold j. Krould, chief of
European Affairs Division, Lii
brary of Congress. told the Uni
versity of Virginia Institute OF
Public Affairs today.
Being young. rich and
strong nation means three
strikes against us already, a
standing invitation to dislike,
envy and criticism" DR.. Krould
told a panel discussing the place
OF the United States in world
opinion.
DR.. Krould. Australian-born
specialist in psychological war
fare and propaganda, said Com
munist efforts to spread anti
American feeling are enormous.
I'VE should become aware that
the issue is larger than only the
Communist lie. There would be
a problem even ii there were no
cold war;" he added.
Distortions Are Basic.
Soviet propaganda prefers to
use exaggerations and distor-
tionS as main weapons and to
build on existing misconceptions,
prejudice and lack of informa-
ton, DR.. Krould said.
Communist propagandists use
traditional anti-American stereo-
types, which cartoonists es-
pecially love, DR.. Krould said.
"Often, they do not see or do
not care to see the whole pic
ture. They do not realize the
price we pay for some of these
blessings They would prob
ably not be willing to pay such
a price,"
Earlier a Richmond Federal
Reserve Bank official told the
Institute yesterday that 1853
may be the year of the slump
that never came.
The bank official, j. Dewey
Deane, said there will be neither
any significant weaknesses nor
any further strong inf1ationary
upsurge in general business ac-
tivity during the. balance Of
1883"
Hits illusion on Tariff.
Friendly countries abroad are
not suffering as much from
our protective tariffs as our own
Government statistics indicate,
according to q speaker here yes
terday
He declared that the Com
merce Department, by failure to
differentiate between give-away
exports and those paid for by
overseas customers, is helping to
create "the illusion of what is
generally called the dollar gap"
Frederick G. Singer. who
handles tariff matters for the
Duponts and is an official of
the American Tariff League,
answered critics who have
charged here that current tariff
schedules are weakening our
friends abroad and our own
domestic economy.
Can't Segregate Shipments.
Mr.. Singer, member of the
sewing machine family, con-
tended that the Bureau of the
Census has not been permitted
to segregate shipments to foreign
countries paid for through the
various Government aid pro-
grams from the strictly COM
mercial shipments which are
paid for by foreign customers.
The speaker insisted that the
gift exports do not affect our
balance of payments accounts
since no foreign exchange prob
lem is involved" He said sta
tistics published abroad are mis-
leading for the same reason.
Mr.. Singer said Prof. Gardiner
Patterson, director of the Inter-
national Finance Section at
Princeton University. has waded
through a mass of statistics to
arrive at "the true commercial
trend of our foreign trade"
Sees U. s. In Proper Role.
On the basis Of these figures,
Mr.. Singer continued, I'VE have
imported $2.6 billion more than
we sold abroad. In other words,
in the last three years we are
playing our proper role as a
creditor nation, and. If individual
countries cannot work out their
foreign trade problems within
this vast area Of dollar available
ity, 1t is not through any fault
of our own"
Nevertheless. the speaker add
ed, I'VE are accused Of not play
ing our proper role as a creditor
nation. Charges are made that
our import duties are unneces-
Sarily high so that they make it
impossible for other countries to
sell to us; that we employ other
methods of absolute restriction
of trade: that we raise our duties
as soon as competition gets too
keen, and that we can't invest
enough money abroad"
Speakers yesterday afternoon
and last night included j. A.
Livingston, financial editor of
the Philadelphia Evening Bull
letin; DR.. Deane, Boris Shishkin,
director of research, American
Federation Of Labor, and Marquis