davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-06-07

Once again the troublesome Ques-
ton of German unif1cation has been
dumped on the international carpet.
Recent Soviet statements leave no
doubt that the Russians regard this
as a crucial issue on which the sue
cess or failure Of the forthcoming
Big Three and possibly Big Four
talks may well hinge.
Unfortunately, it is a most in
tractable problem. Even the ardu-
Gus question of how to restore adj
ministrative unity in Korea pales
by comparison with the mountain
of difficulties that will confront the
peacemakers when they get down
to working out the details Of Ger
man, unification.
Suppose Reds Acquiesce
Suppose the best conceivable con-
tingency happens: The Kremlin.
eager to prove it's earnest good will,
decides to pull it's troops out of
Eastern Germany and tells its
puppet regime there to come to
terms with the Bonn government
as best it can. Suppose. even. that
the East German Communists meek
ly obey. This is straining the
imagination a bit, but maybe it
could happen. Suppose, too. that
a truly free election is held. The
outcome of such poll leaves no
doubt in anybody's mind: The
Communists will be decisively de-
feated in all parts Of the country.
Hence. unification by peaceful
Evening star., 1953-06-07

managers to reach their real goal:
Fuller use of more machines needing
fewer workers. Productivity can
grow, the British teams found, only
if machines do the work. Human
beings should be used to operate
producing machines and to build
more machines. The producing ma
chimes should be run as fast as
possible for "a hours each day and
should be replaced with newer, more
efficient machines at frequent in
tervalS.
The British teams found that
other things go with good man
agement. For instance, research is
necessary to develop new products
and new techniques. And advertis-
ing is necessary to insure that large
quantities are sold quickly.
The managers must be found.
trained, kept trained and kept work.
ing. The Englishmen were surprised
to find that the American school
system, not highly regarded in Eu-
rope, was just right for turning out
the sort of jack-of -all-trades, extro-
verted team-man needed to keep the
Evening star., 1953-06-07

The New Zealand beekeeper. who.
with his Sherpa guide, first set foot
atop towering Mount Everest last
week, must have felt akin to the
man who once threw silver dollar
across the Rappahannock. Each
showed worlds of varying size that
it could be done if a man wanted to
try.
Conquering of Everest at the
Tibet -Nepal border in the Hima-
layas-the Tibetans call it Chomo-
lungma, Goddess mother" = came
112 years after the mountains iden-
tification as the worlds tallest, and
followed 10 unsuccessful assaults
dating from 1922.
Adventures who have scaled
other high peaks and penetrated
unexplored jungles felt a momen-
tary and sympathetic satisfaction in
the British climbing teams feat.
The Next Question
But along with the satisfaction
comes the inevitable question: What
next?
One answer which brings note
of uneasiness is that it may be
necessary at some time in the future
to Start all over again to conquer
the highest mountain in the world.
The constant geological changes in
the Himalayas may thrust another
peak higher.
Biologists say Mount Everest it
self has grown since it's discovery by
Sir George Everest. surveyor general
of India, in 1841. Bengalese sur
veyorS measured it then at 29,002
feet.
The English say it is now 20, ,141
feet. American scientists list it at
29.249 feet. And a Swiss team
which climbed to within $50 feet
of the top last year came back to
report that their estimate is
29,610 feet.
1t must have looked even higher
Evening star., 1953-06-07

of words from Russia was applauded
at the rate of about 100 to l, the
blunt recital of the facts of life in
financing the arms program found
this ratio dropping to about 10 to l.
AS White House staffer OBJ
served: There's only one side to
foreign policy. but nobody likes
taxes"
Youngsters of school age are rated
among the most active of the let
ter-writing fraternity. The White
House has a sneaking suspicion that
many an answer to queries regard
ing presidential preferences on such
matters as Scriptural passages,
clothing. food or whatnot. ultimately
finds its way into the pages of
homework prepared for some civics
class.
Gen. EiSenhower's skill as a cook
was highly publicized during the
campaign, and requests from news
papers and other publications for
some of his priced recipes always
were complied with. This attracted
the letter-writers and created such
a demand for more cook-Stove hints
that the skillet prescriptions no
longer are given out.
The White House mail often de-
velopS evidence of mass-thinking.
For example, as Memorial Day ap-
preached, there was a flood of re-
quests that the President designate
a day of prayer for peace. While
that idea was not taken up, the
annual presidential proclamation
setting May 80 as Memorial Day
called on the people to observe an
hour of prayer on that day for
permanent peace"
Plenty of propaganda of one sort
or another also finds its way to
the White House.
The Rosenberg case brought clem-
ency pleas for the condemned atom
spies from many European coun-
tries. particularly where commu-
nism is strong. The letters were
easily recognizable as having a
common source. The phraSing
often was identical. and. in many
instances, the stationery was of the
same variety.
An oddlty of these appeals was
that they had dWindled to in
consequential numbers before the
Supreme Court rejected the final
application for rehearing. They
showed no noticeable increase
after that.
Experienced Corps
While the daily presidential mail
would pose terrific task for an
ordinary establishment, it is han
died in stride by the experienced
corps operating under William j.
Hopkins veteran executive clerk at
the White House.
Personal and official mail goes di-
rectly to the President. The rest
is distributed to his principal as
Sistants for whatever attention is
necessary. An unusual feature in
connection with this handling is
the preparation of IS or 100 word
digeStS OF much of the mail chan
neled elsewhere. The digests are
for the Presidents perusal.
This assures the writer the con-
Sideration he hoped he would get,
while at the same time relieving
the Chief Executive of the hope
less job Of attempting to go through
mountain Of mail line-by- line.
Evening star., 1953-06-07
By Jack Jonas

Kanchanjenga. now recognized as
the worlds second and third high
est peaks. respectively? Will they
give Everest competition?
While the runners still were toll
ing back to Namche Bazar with the
news of the successful assault on
Mount Everest, group of American
climbers sailed from New York on
their way to the Himalayas and an
effort to scale K-2, or Goodwin
Austen.
At last report, Godwin-Austen was
a 28,250-foot peak of barren ice and
rock And, like Everest, it has
turned back previous assaults on its
majesty. Will the American team
bring back the report that when
and if-they reach 28,250 feet, there
still is more mountain to climb?
K2 has. been particular favorite
and bane-of American climbers.
In 1888, an American team reached
$4,000 feet before being turned back.
The following year, an American
team went to within $50 feet of the
top.
Evening star., 1953-06-07

at this point. 1t is here that arti-
ficial aids, like oxygen, are brought
into use.
Phoo, said a group of Yogis last
week amid the furry of the British
teams effort. All this talk about
warm clothing and oxygen masks
is the bunk, they said. To prove
that all it takes is little will power.
these Yogis plan to set out without
any equipment and without the
annoying incumberance even Of
underwear.
ee-Doy Pouse
These naked climbers say that
after reaching the top. they'll pause
for three or four days. contemplate
ing world problems and other things
before stepping leisurely down. And
there are not few people who. o,.t
of sheer cussedness, hope they'll
make it
They'll be inclined to scott at talk
that acclimatization helped a Hima-
layan amateur and veteran con-
quer Mount Everest. For Edward
Hillary, the New Zealand beekeeper.
this was first attempt in the Hima-
layas, although he had climbed
peaks elsewhere. Tensing Norkay. a
member of the famed Sherpa tribe
which inhabits the high Nepal
plains. has accompanied other par
ties up the mountain. including the
Swiss team which almost made it
last year.
AS for what comes next, a part
of the answer lies in the trip Of
the American team. Another part
lies in the fact that climbers again
will asSail that comparative dwarf,
the 14.780-foot Swiss Matterhorn,
which has been climbed many times
before.
And the final, unrelated, but per-
hapS the most important part Of
the answer comes in the living room,
when junior turns the fishbowl up-
side down, slips it over his head.
waves his space-gun menacingly, and
dreams longingly Of the moon.
Evening star., 1953-06-07

educational system is help. Again,
promotions, frequently into the man
agerial class. are an incentive. And
again, the American liking for COM
petition and teamwork play a part.
When all the facts were in, the
British researchers found that the
fundamental American secret
use of more machines per worker
and the gimmicks used to make the
secret work all were we'll known to
Europeans. Some of the techniqueS
had even been developed in England,
and all are used there to some de-
gree. But in only a handful of in
dustries are they used intensively.
The difference is what keeps Amer
lea swimming and leaves Britain
sinking.
The next question was: Can
Britain adopt the American way?
There are many obstacles.
British people are bound by tradi-
ton, and they enjoy being tradition
bound. They don't want to change
because they like the old ways.
Labor and management and fac
Evening star., 1953-06-07
Presidents Mall
Eisenhower's 10000 Letters Weekly
Are Good Sample of Public Thinking
By joseph A. Fox

ny SOSS
The real sampler" of the public
mind in this country is the White
House mailroom.
That's the receiving and distribu-
ton center for about $4,000 COM
munications weekly, whose authors
want to consult-or advise-the
President on matters ranging any,
where from peace with Russia to
the Eisenhower recipe for making
chilli.
Aheod of Lost Yeor
kilograms, letters and postcards
roll in voluminously and although
the flow is down about so per cent
from the first days of the admin
istration, it still is running way
ahead of this time a year ago.
And any pointed policy pronounce
ment by President Eisenhower can
be counted on to bring a sharp
upSurge.
There once was prominent rail-
road official here who always in
sisted - and profanely - that the
typewriter was the worst evil ever
visited on busy Office.
IF the 'so-and-sos' had to use
pen or pencil. they wouldn't write
half as much" was his favored COM
ment whenever the daily batch of
mail demanding attention got under
his skin. That opinion. however.
underestimated the staying qualities
of the great American public when
confronted with an idea and some
white paper.
Obviously, lot of this material
never gets to the Presidents desk.
But much does. And Mrs. Eisen-
hover is stickler about correspond
ence, reading carefully and never
failing to acknowledge any personal
reference.
Mostly, the White House-b bound
communications deal with some par
ticular topic, but there Is a pretty
good run of fan" mail, whose send
ers simply want to tell Gen. Eisen-
hover that they think he is doing
a good job.
Few Dissenters
Other writer's, naturally. have a
different opinion, but White House
staff members say that the dissent
ers are small minority.
They consider this a good sign,
believing that it is the dissatisfied,
rather than the satisfied, for the
most part, who take the trouble to
put their views in writing.
Surprisingly. it is said, Gen. Eisen-
hoWer's stand against tax relief un-
til a balanced budget is in sight has
produced relatively little gripping.
The tenor of the tax communica-
tions is largely an expression of will
ingness to go along with the ad-
ministration in meeting defense
needs, but often there is added a
question as to just when relief may
be expected.
Gen. Eisenhower told his televi-
sion audience last Wednesday that
the tax letters are about 81 favor
able. The White House, neverthe-
less, has gotten what seems to be
an object lesson on the tenderness
of the American pocketbook nerve.
The Presidents broadcast on
taxes and defense last month, and
his foreign policy address to the
American Society of Newspaper Edi-
tors here in April. drew tremendous
responses. But while the President S
call in the latter for deeds instead
Evening star., 1953-06-07
Tit0-KrennIin Truce Unlikely

a good many people who take their
ideologies seriously have never been
able to stomach a western alliance
with Marshall Tito and his Com
munist YugoSlav state. New spec
ulation has been circulating among
these people of late about a poSsi-
BILE Yugoslav rapprochement with the
Soviet Union.
Since Stain died those who are
suspicious of Tito have been watch
ing for a move toward reconcilia-
ton with the new Kremlin team.
Recently there were two develop
ments which might show that Rus
sia and Yugoslavia are willing to
tolerate each other just little.
First, Moscow and some of the
Soviet satellites seem to be thawing
a little in their diplomatic freeze
against Tito. Some Bulgarians, for
instance, are coming out of Seclusion
in their Belgrade Embassy.
Second, satellite Romania has
looSened up enough to agree to joint
control over a key Danube River
canal at the Yugoslav border.
The Danube, of course, is a vital
transportation artery among the
Soviet'S East European satellites. 1t
is navigable from Regensberg in
Germany through Austria, Czecho-
slovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia. Bull
garia and Romania to the Black
Sea. Most of the Bulgarian-Roma-
nian border is formed by the lower
Danube.
Iron Cote Conol
At the YugoSlav- -Romanian border
the Danube passes through narrow
gorge. two miles long. known as Iron
Gate. A canal circumvents obStruc-
tions in the Danube at that point.
Some of the Iron Gate installations
are under the YugoSlavS. some under
the RomanianS. Since the Tito break
in 1948 YugoSlavia has tried to ar
range joint control of the canal to
avoid the RomanianS' haraSSments.
But until last month Tito had not
dared shut of traffic on the Dan
ube for fear of repriSals in the
form of more severe economic boy
colts by the Communist nations in
Eastern Europe. Last April, how
ever. Tito decided to test the Malen-
kov-Beria leadership In Moscow. He
shut down Danube River traffic
through Yugoslavia and at the same
time asked Romania to reconsider
joint administration of the Iron
Gate Canal. In mid-May, which is
pretty fast for Soviet satellites who
must clear their moves with Mos
cow, Romania signed an agree
ment with YugoSlavia for joint op-
Grafton.
These two developments between
Tito and his former Red associates
Evening star., 1953-06-07
British Tell Why They Think u S. Industry Produces More

ciotlS Wltnln each group cannot
agree on any common goal, as Amer
lean workers and bosses agree on a
goal OF greater productivity.
Higher taxes at every level Of
the economic scale make a raise in
pay less interesting than another
day off.
Workers fear that each new ma
chine will lay off few more work.
ers, although the American expert
ence has been that machines create
jobs.
British workers and managers are
tired after almost Is years of wars,
crises and poor diets.
Biggest Obstacle
But the biggest obstacle is that
British people, when asked to fol-
low the American example, say they
simply do not want to be Ameri-
cans. They do not like what they
conceive to be American materi-
alism, American educational stand
ards, American Standardization,
American go-getter attitude.
The report on American produc-
tivity, however, makes two points:
First, Britain need not ape the
American way of life. British facto-
ries can produce British stoves if
they are preferred to American
stoves. And Britain need not adopt
baseball along with production
streamlining. The goal is merely to
use American production methods
eight hours a day so that each
worker can enjoy high-but still a
British-standard of living during
the remaining 16.
Second, if Britain does not adopt
American production techniques,
then the British standard of living
will fall and the good things that
make the Englishman enjoy his tight
little isle will disappear.
The report lays out a simple pro-
gram to boost British productivity.
It recommends Short-range pro-
gram lasting perhaps three years in
which more intensive American
style use of existing machinery and
labor will be made. That would in
volve no great shakeup. the report
says. American and British corpor-
ate and union structures are basil
cally similar; the remains of nation
alization need have no effect on pro-
ductive techniques.
Without expanding capital or
manpower, the report says. produc-
ton could be increased 10 to IS per
cent in the short-range program.
At the end Of that time capital
would have been saved for a long
range expansion program. BY 1910
additional capital investments
would increase productivity to the
American level, could give Britain
a standard of living on par with
Americas and could assure Britain
q safe position in world trade.
'Abstroct Reaction
Reaction in Britain to the report
and all its recommendations was,
according to the London Times,
polite and abstract rather than
enthusiastic and practical" There
was no sign that Britain would
show the necessary will to prosper.
The Times voiced this grim warm
ing:
Failure to keep up to a reason
able extent with the worlds prog
ress means failure to compete. fail
ure to trade, failure to acquire food
and materials on the same terms as
before and failure in the end to do
anything except grow gradually
poorer in those periodic spasms
which appear as crises of mounting
severity"
Evening star., 1953-06-07

I Kanchanjenga, the third highest
at it's last-meGsured 28.146 feet. re-
mains unconquered. Some noun
tains yet uncharted may turn out to
be higher than the known highest.
Along with the highest are an in
definite number of lesser peaks IN
the Himalayas. the Andes. the Cau-
casus and Alaska, yet to be preached
by man.
The full story of the climb up
Everest won't be known for several
days, when the successful party
breaks camp and makes its way back
down the slopes to Namche Bazar,
from which radio reports can be
sent.
Psychological Borrier
But veteran mountain climbers
know that the men who finally made
it faced seemingly insurmountable
physical and psychological barriers.
The psychological barrier is perhaps
the greatest.
1t attacks at about $4,000 feet,
when the climbers mind, in body
beset by cold, wind and WEAKNESS,
echoes the voice of cynics thousands
of miles away-"So what?" He sees
ahead of him another thousand feet
or more of impossible rock, ice and
snow. all Of it higher, and each inch
Evening star., 1953-06-07
Everest Conquered; What Next?

OF climb draining his energies and
requiring superhuman effort in the
rarified air.
Behind him is the comparative
warmth of the camp. and he begins
wondering why he should risk death,
or at best. crippling frostbitc. Be-
cause of the great physical drain on
their bodies, the will to continue has
left other sturdy mountain climbers
Evening star., 1953-06-07
By EorI n. Voss

are sources of the current crop Of
fears that Tito is getting ready to
go it with Malenkov. There are
many who attach much less Signifi-
canoe to the two events. The slight
diplomatic contacts. it is pointed
out, are more than counterbal-
anced by continued antiS Tito propa-
ganda from the Kremlin orbit, the
same old border incidents, and re-
current molesting of Tito's diplo-
matte representatives in Iron Cur
tain countries.
Economic Reasons
AS for the Iron Gate Canal agree
ment. there were perfectly good
economic reasons for both sides
wanting to keep the Danube open.
Yugoslavia could use the revenue
from customs and the satellites could
use the transportation. And the
series of talks which led, first to the
shutdown and later to its resump-
tion. had been scheduled long before
Stain died.
The preponderance of informed
opinion, including that expressed by
Tito himself, expects no rapproche-
ment. For one thing. Tito is much
better off now than he was under
the Kremlin thumb. Up until Tito
broke with Moscow, the Soviet Union
had been getting away with the same
piracy it still practices in the rest
of East Europe. Yugoslavia was CIV
ing up its natural resources and la
Dor and getting very little from the
Soviet Union in return. Russia tried
to set up special joint companies,
which were mainly one-way tickets
for Yugoslav reSources-out of
YugoSlavia and into the Soviet
Union. 1t was over these joint COM
panies that the Soviet -Yugoslav
rupture came.
Since the break. on the other
hand, Yugoslavia has received $281.2
million worth of aid from the United
States and SIS millions more in
loans. Another 500 millions has
been loaned by Great Britain and
France. Droughts and raw materials
shortages which Tito used to bear in
stole Communist silence now are
eased by shipments from the West.
which hopes to find Tito a stanch
ally against Russia in any future
war.
Beefed-Up Army
In addition to these economic ad-
vantageS, Tito has also received mill
tary aid from the United States since
November, 1851. The amount of this
help is a military secret, but an indi-
cation of its scope is the type Of
equipment being sent: Jet aircraft.
tanks, artillery and ammunition.
Evening star., 1953-06-07

to the climbers aSsailing the rock,
ice and snow through the increasing
winds which foretell the coming of
the monsoon They probably had
little thought of volcanic action, but
it is volcanic action which is chang
ing the face of the Himalayas.
Competition for Everest
They are the youngest mountains
as we'll as the highest, and still go
ing through the processes which
built up the Rockies and the Andes.
And so, what of Godwin-Austen and
Evening star., 1953-04-18
writing. Many people will like
it, some not. What about you?

Ideas for stretching the home
furnishing budgets are given in
Gladys Miller's booklet No. 402,
entitled Budget Stretchers." To
obtain a copy, send 10 cents
(coln preferred) and a Scent
stamp to her, P. o. Box SO, Times
Square Station, New York SO,
N. Y.
Evening star., 1953-04-18
Desk Can Easily Be Placed at Riqht Angles to Wall
By GIodys Miller

When you shop for a desk, do
you know what type of desk you
want and where you hope to
place it?
Do you know how large it can
be?
Do you need drawers for stor-
age?
Can you place it at right
angles to a wall. or will you
place it against a wall?
Are you conservative in your
tastes and believe, with Ger
trude Stein. that a desk, is a
desk, is a desk. Or are you ad-
venturesome and willing to have
a piece of furniture that has a
fiat surface on which you may
write?
A desk may serve other func-
tions such as table where meals
for one or two may be served.
1t may have shelves where books
and magazines may be stored:
a drawer where legal papers and
a business file fit perfectly; a
mechanical section to conceal
your typewriter and lift it to
working position when you
need it.
The desk may be of wood,
metal or combination. It may be
in any furniture style or it may
look strange, new and challeng-
ing. If it is familiar in style,
it may be finished in dark or
light woods or painted any color
you desire. 1t may have a sur
face decoration of some form,
a stencil. a free-hand drawing
or it may be papered or covered
in leather, New designs may be
made of one. or more materials,
either new or old in themselves
or new in combination.
Wood desks are the more COM
mon, but many offices are
equipped with metal desks made
Evening star., 1953-04-18

of steel, aluminium or chrome
One decorator handled a liv-
ing room, using a desk placed at
right angles to the wall and
lighted by a beautiful lighting
fixture made in Finland.
The cosmopolitan and inter-
national flavor is always evident
in a room designed by this de-
signer.
The desk is light in appear
ance and fresh in detail. It is
the correct height, has a fiat
surface on which you can per-
form the design function of