davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-06-19
YugosIays Allow Soviet
To Move Ships in Danube
Rx tho A,,eeiai.d Pres,

BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, June
19.-Yugoslavia granted permis-
sion yesterday for the movement
down the Danube River Of 26
Soviet armed vessels bottled up
in Vienna since this country
broke with the Kremlin five
years ago.
The Belgrade radio announced
President Tito's. Independent
Communist government ap-
proved Of q Soviet request to
move the ships through the 500
mile Yugoslav section of the
Danube to the Black sea in five
groups between next Monday
and July 13.
The announcement did not
disclose the types Of vessels in
volved. but called them war
ships. Any ship capable Of
navigating the tricky old river
presumably would be no larger
than q gunboat. They must
traverse the locks Of the rock
bound iron gates. which lie be-
tween Yugoslavia and Romania.
It was the second Soviet, re-
quest the Yugoslavs have grant,
ed In less than q week. Last
Monday, Belgrade agreed to re-
sumo the exchange Of ambassa-
dors with Moscow and approved
Of the Russian appointee, Vas
silly Valkov.
Evening star., 1953-06-19
DouqIds q Real Individuolist
But the Liberals Who Admit He's One of Their Showpjeee
Feel He Picked Poor Time to Show That He's Different

President. They expect Repub-
licans virtuously to proclaim
that this proves it was time
for a change.
What Justice Douglas be-
lieves is clear from his life
and works and even from the
Western hat he persists in
wearing with a dinner jacket.
He believes in freedom, justice,
and the right to be different.
That he is being criticized to
the point Of an impeachment
demand for the way he has
chosen to demonstrate his
creed probably won't bother
him unduly.
There is one trap such
highly individualistic people
tend to fall into. and it is as
true on the right as on the
left. They can't resist the
special position; they must
speak out when nobody has
asked them. Senator Taft
does it; so did the late Sena-
tor Borah.
Extremes also breed ex-
tremes. A sense OF Illustration
is growing as Senator Nc
Carthy and his kind ride high
and the White House and
State Department stand aloof.
There are people in WASH
ington who feel violent ges-
lures must be made in answer
to McCarthy's violence. This
group, II 1t is not contempt Of
court to suggest it, feel that
Justice Douglas agrees with
them.
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Constantine Brown:

The uprising OF the East
Berlin workers. followed by
the customary ruthless repres-
sion methods Of the Red army.
!. is regarded in Washington as
the most severe blow the Soviet
diplomatic offensive has suf-
fered in q long time.
This revolt Of the masses
occurred at q time when the
Kremlin was putting on its.
most 1ngratiating smile and
was attempting to convince the
the people in Western Ger
many that unity Of Germany
depended exclusively on trust
ing the Muscovites and their
genuine concern for the we'll
being Of the German people.R
Herr Grotewohl, the Moscow
puppet in Eastern Germany,
had just started throwing dust
in the eyes Of his fellow coun-
tryrnen by issuing a set Of
phony liberalization orders
which may have temporarily
deceived the people in the
West but certainly did not fool
the East Germans.
Some reports. so far uncon-
firmed in Washington, say that
the Berlin outbursts are
spreading to some other indus
trial parts Of East Germany
and particularly to Saxony.
Similar unconf1rmed reports
indicate that there is a marked
restlessness in Poland. where.
as in East Germany. the hatred
against communism in gen.
eral and the Russians in par
ticular is reaching new
heights.
There is an active under
ground in Poland. Its members
have been anxious for; some
time to break out into the open
but were restrained by their
headquarters in the West be-
cause 1t was realized that a re-
bellion at this time would
mean slaughter of tens Of
thousands by the Red armies.
The Germans and, Poles
have a long history of popu-
lar resistance to oppression
by foreign conquerors. In the
Napoleonic era the various
heads Of the German king
doms and principalities which
formed the German Empire
Evening star., 1953-06-19
BY Cecil Holland

Senator Mccarthy, Republican,
Of Wisconsin said today he did
not plan to ask for bodyguard,
despite sworn testimony alleging
! q Communist plot ito liquidate"
him. ,~.
1T doesn't disturb me-" the
Communist-hunting Senator. de-
clared. II guess a lot of people
would like to see that done. But
it won't stop ne." -
A former undercover agent for
the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
ton related the story of the plot
to the Senate investigations sub
committee yesterday. =.
He said q Communist leader in
the Pittsburgh area, identified as
Louis Bortz, ~, told q secret
meeting late last year that he
had received a Communist Party
assignment to kill Senator Nc
Carthy.
Tells Of Report.
The witness was Joseph d.
Mazzei, 81, of Pittsburgh, who
testified that he served as an FBI
undercover man in the Commu-
mist Party from 1941 until last
March rs.
Mr.. Mazzei- quoted Bortz as
telling the secret meeting that
he was "gratified and pleased"
to receive the assignment to
liquidate Senator Mccarthy and
that "he'd do the job"
Bortz, q short, swarthy man
of New England birth, was called
as a witness, and refused to con-
Arm or deny the sensational
charge.
He told the subcommittee his
answers might tend to incrim-
mate him. He also refused to
say whether he was a Commu-
mist. whether he had ever en-
gagged in violence in strikes or
on the picket lines. and what ac-
tivities he had engaged in during
many years Of his career.
Mr.. Mazzei testified that
Bortz was IAN elite member"
Of the Communist Party in
Western Pennsylvania and had
given secret Communist groups
in Pittsburgh instructions in the
Evening star., 1953-06-19
0ptimists Hear Byrd
Ask Foreign Aid Cut
And Balanced Budget

Resolutions calling upon the
administration to reduce Cow
ernment spending may be put
before the convention Of Opti-
mist International, following the
spirited demand for a balanced
budget" made by Senator Byrd,
Democrat. Of Virginia, at yester-
days general session.
Delegates to the 35th annual
meeting in the Hotel statler
more or less marked time today,
as leaders drew up policy reso-
lutions and a slate of officers for
submission at tomorrow's closing
session. Informal panel dis:
cussions. women's meeting and
golf were on the program.
Senator Byrd, proponent of
domestic and foreign economy,
evoked loud response from nearly
1000 delegates when he warned:
I'VE must put Santa Claus in
the deep freeze"
Hits British Demands.
He made the remark during a
sharp attack on "inefnciency and
waste" in military expenditures
and continued demands from
Great Britain for additional
American aid. ,
"This country cannot continue
to carry the world on its back,
Senator Byrd said. Break the
back Of Uncle Sam, and you
destroy progress and enlight-
enment throughout the world"
Senator Byrd complained that
Great Britain is asking for more
money, even though it has re-
duced taxes.
II think we are foolish to bor-
row money mere TO allow other
countries to balance their budg-s
ets," he said. We've got to re-
duce our own taxes sooner or
later"
The Virginia Democrat told
the Optimists the Eisenhower
administration is the first one
in 20 years to evince a "real and
honest desire to reduce the cost
Of government"
The Optimists occupied a large
portion Of Grif1ith Stadium at
the Washington = Chicago game
last night.
William H. Pierce. past inter-
national president, Of Dallas, was
toastmaster at the Old Timers
breakfast today. Charles A.
Shaw presided at a club opera
tions panel meeting in the main
hall. He is a member Of the in
ternational Board Of Directors.
The presidents ball will be
held at $50 o'clock tonight in
the Stafler
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Missouri Synod Asks
Study Toward Joining
Lutheran Federation
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

HOUSTON, June 19.-Missouri
Synod Lutherans have ordered a
study on the advisability Of their
joining the Lutheran World Fed
Grafton.
They took this action only q
few minutes after reahirming
their 1850 Milwaukee convention
opposition to membership in the
National Lutheran Council.
A resolution approved by the
synod's 42nd triennfal convention
here said factors which caused
the Milwaukee action on mem
bership in the council have not
changed. The resolution merely
expressed a willingness to CO.
operate with the Council wher-
ever possible without compro-
missing spiritual principles"
Objectives Listed.
A 1850 resolution had said the
council 'is Of unionistic ma
ture" and lists among its pur-
poses and objectives 'joint activ-
tiles in church work, such as
missions. education and student
service despite a lack of doctrinal
agreement"
The world federation study ap-
proval followed q brief conven-
ton floor debate yesterday.
Directors ignored precedent
yesterday and recommended they
be authorized to borrow UP to
$40 million for capital improve
ments.
The convention received the
proposal without comment. but
convention officials frankly ad-
mitted the plan might. run into
strong opposition.
ID. C. Man Presents Report.
We've never borrowed mon
ey," one official said. We've al
ways collected our money before
spending it,
John w. Boehne, jr., Washing
ton Cd. c. attorney and lay
member of the board of directors.
presented the boards informal
report.
The former Indiana Congress
man said the proposed $40 mil
lion capital investment fund
would be in addition to a pro-
posed synodical budget Of ST.
10000 for the next three years.
The proposed budget, however.
includes 100000 annually for
capital investment.
Final recommendations on the
boards proposals will be made
by the conventions floor COM
mittee on finances, which sub
mits its first report Monday.
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Dorothy Thompson:
Why Men Write, Read Books
USIS Needn't T to Reconcile Library With ProPogondo
For q Library Must Be Representative and Eclectic

menSe diversity, nor investi-
gate the personal lives of. the
authors. Yet not every. book
ever published Is in its stacks,
for then tens Of thousands
Of momentary trash or trivial
entertainment would crowd its
shelves. Some judgment must
be exercised.
But for what does a library
exist?
It exists for knowledge and
inspiration.
Within these walls I can learn
what men and women have
thought. felt, perceived, de-
bated. recorded, affirmed, re-
jected. stated and sung for
thousands of years, down to
this present moment. I open
the pages Of a book and am
Immediately interested or
bored: enchanted or diSen-
chanted. I may find myself
with a genius or a fool-but
the fool cannot long intrude
his unwelcome company: I
close his mouth and return him
to the shelf. Or I find myself
in interested argument-so
that, in the books I own, I
carry on running conversations
with authors In the margins.
A general library must be
representative and eclectic.
Therein lies the dif1iculty
of reconciling library" with
propaganda" A United States
Information Service library
that contains only books prais-
ing America would not be rep
resentative Of even anti-Conl-
munist American writer's. Sim
clair Lewis was q vehement
anti Communist, but Com
munists have drawn upon his
books. "The Grapes of Wrath"
was written by an i-Com-
munist, but praised by Com
munists. '"The Education Of
Henry Adams" d great Ameri-
can classic, is not 100 per cent
uncritically American. The
greatest american novel. !
think, is Melville's 'Moby Dick. /"
but it Is not American prop
aganda.
The case against the books
Of Howard Fast Ii not that he
may be q Communist. but that
his work. as such, Is poor In
content and form.
The Am merican libraries
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Doris FIeeson:

Justice William o. Douglas
Is the talk Of the town since
he grantedsa stay of execution
to the Rosenbergs. Even after
the full bench of the Supreme
Court acts and the Rosenberg
case is history, the argument
about the justice himself will
60 on.
Only the lawyers are going
to pay much attention to the
legal points involved in the
situation. AS usual, they dis
agree.
Generally speaking, how
ever, in this Capital they dis
agree very little about Mr..
Douglas stature as a justice.
He Is rated highly and re-
spected for his courage and
honesty. Also he is one of the
workhorses Of the court. For
years he has with Justice
Black been responsible for q
high percentage Of the courts
decisions. He has also fought
Its increasing tendency to de-
eide by refusing to decide.
The present Supreme Court
breaks little new ground,
which Is natural in the present
ebb tide Of the New Deal. But
also by refusing to grant writs
of certiorari it has been keep
Ing many legal questions OF
the calendar that in the Doug
las view 1t should consider.
Possibly this feeling was an
element in the Justices deci-
sion to confront the court with
what seemed to him new
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Fletcher. .Knebel:
Potomac Fever
LOUIE

Freed POWs in South Korea their liberty with new
theme song, "Of Rhee Sing Baby!"
ThereM be slight delay the exchange prisoners
in Korea while both sides look around for something
exchange
The Supreme Court holds extraordinary session
Rosenberg decides these
Son-books
Russia clamps martial Germany after the anti
Communist riots The Germans fixing yoke
Of slavery and get themselves good local leader who
what dictatorship is all about.
Democratic Senator Jackson should clarity
burning. Jackson favor the partisan approach
Ike promises not to burn books the Democrats viii promise
to read one.
Ikes advisers consider rotation plan in Korea-Joe
Mccarthy for Syngman Rhee
Democrats defend Supreme Tom Clarks re-
usa to testify before House Investigators Democrats claim
takes couple Of political skeletons to make
q rafting good Judge.
Evening star., 1953-06-19


abroad are nevertheless the
best expression we have Of
America. They proclaim the
free, inquiring, critical. mind,
which is the strength and glory
Of our Western civilization.
The reader will always re-
member what awakenS and ap-
peals to his mind; he will ever
reject what insults his soul.
Affirm then belief in his judg-
ment! Give him the best we
have, however. controversial.
and he will find a companion
far away, in another country.
even, perhaps, in another cen
tury: A fellow mind; a fellow
soul.
This is the function of a liz
brary-not propaganda"
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Constontne Browne
Eust Berlin TunbIes Red Stock
Rebellion Of Masses Is Regarded as the Worst Blow
Soviet Diplomacy Hos Suffered in q Long Time

Asiatic political leaders-such
as India's Prime Minister
Nehru. But the rank and file
Of the peoples still believe In
strength when, 1t produces
results.
In the avalanche of dra-
matte daily developments, few
remember the wave of enthusi-
asm produced in all free coun-
tries by F., Gen. MacArtliuris
victories after the Inchon
landing in 1850.
It was in such q spirit that
America fears nothing and Is
determined to bring the ship
Of peace to port that the Fl.
senhower statement Of April r6
was received by the free peo-
pies. The initiative remained
in our hands for. only q short
time.
The men in the Kremlin
stepped up their peace offen-
sive. The response from the
governments in Western Eu-
rope-except Western Ger
many-was quick and enthusi-
aStic. Political leaders and
the organs Of public opinion
saw in the peaceful and
friendly" words of Moscow a
quick solution for the present
international problem. The
American stock went down
and the Soviet stock went up
on the fluid international dip
lomatic market.
When our position seemed
to have reached a new low, the
unexpected happened. The
East Berliners showed up
dramatically the real meaning
OF the fine Soviet words. They
tore down and trampled the
hated Red flag and demon
strated that free peoples pre-
fer death to enSlavement. The
rebellion sprang from suffer.
ing rather than political mo-
tives. All the same, the Ber.
liners gave unconsciously q
timely warning to their fellow
citizens in Western Germany
not to fall into the trap the
Kremiin is laying so skillfully
for them.
For the time being the Mus
covite political stock is down,
lower than it has ever been
since the end of the war.
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Dovid Lowrence:

Looked at from the Ameri-
can side, the government Of
the Republic Of Korea broke
faith with the United Nations
Command and took q military
action on its own when it re-
leased anti Communist prison.
ers Of war.
Looked at from the point Of
view of the Korean govern
ment, however, this was the
right Of an ally which had been
threatened with the loss Of its
territorial integrity and partic-
ularly with coercion unless it
signed an armistice that it
bitterly opposed.
Looked at from the Korean
governments point of view
also. any armiStice agreement
which stipulated that 5000
troops from India should be
permitted in South Korea to
police prison camps was q
humiliation that could not be
borne. To imply that the Ko-
'rean government should accept
the services of a country ad-
mittedly hostile to Korea was
a serious blow to the pride of
the republic. For India, though
. member of the United Ma
tionS, has chosen to call itself
neutral" when everybody
knows that Prime Minister
Nehru, by his public state
ments favoring the immediate
admission of Red China into
the U. N. and refusal to ban
shipments of strategic goods
to Red China. has already
prejudged the merits of the
dispute.
The South Korean govern
nnent is not a member Of the
United Nations and, according
to a statement by its President,
has not been permitted to be
Evening star., 1953-06-19

q direct party to the truce ne
gotiations. Failing to secure
truce terms that would assure
the unification Of Korea. and
failing particularly to obtain
an acceptance of the demand
that all troops except Koreans
of the north and south be with
drawn, President Rhee felt that
he had a free hand. He did not
feel bound as sovereign gov
ernment to an alliance which
he felt had deserted him.
The American Government,
on the other hand. in the state
ment issued by the Secretary
of State. John Foster Dulles.
after q conference with Presi-
dent Eisenhower, denounces
the release Of the prisoners by
the Korean government as a
"unilateral action" and as hav-
ing been taken 'in violation Of
the authority Of the United
Nations Command to which
the Republic Of Korea had
agreed"
There is no question about
the fact that, when allies
agree to any course of action,
they are obligated to notify
each other of the termination
of such an alliance. While
President Rhee has announced
that he would not accept the
arnistice terms, and unques-
tionably has a legal right to
separate his army from the
United Nations Command with
or without notification. there
is nevertheless a moral obliga-
ton to maintain a relation
ship of complete frankness
with the United States Gov
ernment.
All sorts of reasons justify
ing the course that the Korean
President took can, Of course.
Evening star., 1953-06-19

questions in the Rosenberg
case.
But it is about the justice
as a person and a liberal DEM
7ocrat that the present outcry
centerS.
Bill Douglas of the rapier
mind and creative intelligence
is still a symbol Of the Roose-
welt revolution in which he
took a prominent part. He
never achieved a serious can
didacy for President but he
has inevitably been in and of
the little world of knowledge
able politicians, press and in
terested bystanders which is
what people mean by Wash
ington.
Liberals and Democrats both
know that the public will not
separate the justice from the
liberal political figure named
Douglas. And both liberals
and Democrats feel they have
been hurt.
Liberals. admitting he is
one Of their showpieceS. NUT
ter that he chose a poor time
to be different. They feel that
they suffer from the charge
that they aren't tough with
Communists; they expect the
McCarthys to use Douglas ac-
ton to try to prove it.
Democrats groan that they
have to take responsibility for
him since he has been a prom
-inent member of a Democratic
administration. appointed to-
the court by q Democratic
Evening star., 1953-06-19

President Eisenhower made
his remarks about book-burn-
ing standing before the Baker
Memorial Library at Dart
mouth College. from which last
Sunday he received an honor
ary degree.
It was an appropriate place
from which to warn of the
danger of attempting to "con-
ceal faults by concealing evil
dence that they have ever
existed"
The library Of Dartmouth
College iS one of the largest in
America, used by many besides
Dartmouth students. Situated
80 miles from my Vermont
home, also use 1t when the
need arises. It's years-long
director. Harold Rugg, has
made it q vital institution Of a
wide community. and keeps
its contents moving.
It's stacks are open: one is
directed where to flnd the
book he seeks or the subject in
which he is interested: he finds
his own volumes to take out,
or read in one Of the library
lounges.
I know no great library
which seems 30 like ones very
own.
In this great library are
thousands Of books dealing
with communicable classic
documents Of Marx and
Engels; the treatises Of Lenin;
commentaries on MarxiSt
theory: books by Marxists criti-
cizing other MarxiSts; books
by anti -MarxistS; books by
former Communists telling why
they left the faith. One could
spend weeks in the Dartmouth
library reading about nothing
but communism.
And one can also find books
by faSciStS. racialists, imperial
lists, infldelS, atheists, reaction
aries, and radicals of every
hue: Catholic and Protestant
apologetics; idealistic and
empirical philosophers; saints
and Skeptics; plays, novels.
poems glorifying the American
ecane and others depicting its
most suualid aspects.
ThOSe who assembled this
library did not approve" all
theee books with their I'm
Evening star., 1953-06-19
Bodies Of 2'U. S. Airmen
Found in Austrian AIps
sy the Asseeiaisd Press

VIENNA. Austria, June 19.-
The bodies Of two United States
Air Force officers whose light
plane crashed in the Austrian
Alps early in May were recovered
from a.10,000-foot mountain in
Central Austria yesterday.
The American forces in Salz-
burg identified them as 1t. Col.
James g. Earnest, jr., a, Of
Richmond, Va, and Capt. Charles
w. Kelly, 81. Of Shreveport. La.
Both were In the Air Force Sec
tion Of salshurg headquarters.
Thar wives and families are. ct
Sa1xburR.
Evening star., 1953-06-19

after 1870 accepted defeat and
submitted to the will Of the
French Emperor. But the
masses never did. The uni
versity students were then the
prime movers for freedom.
Today it is the factory worker
and the little fellow behind
the counter who is raising the
standard Of rebellion against
the oppreSSor.
Poland has struggled against
Russian domination for two
centuries. All the efforts of the
Czars to RuSsianize it were
without avail. Poland re-
manned fanatically Polish
throughout the centuries. The
spirit Of resistance was repre-
sented then by the nobility.
Moscow thought that the
modern" Communist methods
would succeed where the Cars
failed. But this was not the
case. NThe intensely national
istic Polish nobility and the
intellectuals have been wiped
out. Their place has now been
taken by the workers and the
farmers who want to be mas
ters of their own country, and
are ready to break out at the
first opportunity.
The international situation
in these days is like a jittery
stock market with violent ups
and downs.
After President Eisenhower's
statement Of policies on April
Is. the American stock rose
many points. The peoples of
the free world eagerly look for
genuine and strong leadership.
Eisenhower in his new role as
a statesman-general seemed
to give them new confidence
In the future. He had outlined
for the benefit of the free
world a definite and firm
American policy in keeping
with our might and goals.
The policy of hesitation and
compromises which had helped
the Communists. particularly
with those who felt themselves
too weak to resist the Red
avalanche, was now a thing
Of the past. Peace through
strength may not be to the
taste of some European and