davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
Blast From Eisenhower Causes
Matthews Removal From Job
Clergy Attack 4
Labeled AZ Being
.AIien To America

WASHINGTON IL - A vigorous
HAST from President Eisenhower,
fired over The head az Sen. Nc.
carthy (R.Wisl. has blown = B.
Mathews out 81 the Investigating
as "a which Mccarthy had sought
q keep him.
Alien 10 Amertca. the Presl
6snk said II obvious reference %
he statement ii 1 magazine ar.
dele 81 Matthews that 1000 Prot.
estanf clergymen are the largest
single group supporting The Com.
munist apparatus IN this country
lcCarty promptly accepted the
resignation IL Matthew's whom he
has called - star spangIed Amer
tenn, as executive staff director
~ the Senate investigations sub
cnmmittee which the Wisconsin
senator heads
The fast breaking developments
which marked Matthews depar-
strained relations between Essen.
hover ana mccarthy. who several
times have seamed on the verge
rf head-on collisions,
Mccarthy, for years the center
n controversy IN Washington. was
nimullaneously involved II two 9TH
e hlashes with the administration.
These came when the senator:
Moved 10 call before his sub
eommilfee cop officials Of the Cen.
Sral intelligence Agency tcIAl, In
elaaine Director Alien Dulles, for
eolne possibly explosive question
RI Mccarthy accused Dulles. .
brother cf Eisenhower's secretary
q state. n refusing 10 lei The Nc
Carthy subcommittee question =
GA emplcye.
3. Aimed sharp criticism at .
NV State Department directive
declaring that some Communist
writer's books may be used In the
u. s. overseas libraries. He got .
swim reply indicating the depart.
nenk Intends to stick 10 is guns.
Matthews, whose article about
alleged communism In the ranks
stirred Up i bitter row apparently
acknowledged defeat within ! few
minutes after the White House
made public Eisenhower's denun-
e1atlon q hts views.
He submitted 4 new letter Of
resignation as executive staff di.
Eeetor q Mecarthy's subcommit.
-. viii defiant declaration that
~ article il TIE American AIer.
enzy magazine SIS completely fac
hal and fully 6ecnmented He
(Continned q Page Twol
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
New Volcanoes
Have Erupted
In Alaska Mis-.

ANCHORAGE, Alaska N A
black pain 1T acrid, sulphurous
smoke spread for hundreds Of
miles over this land Of the mid
night sun today. and . thick blan-
ket Of ash sifked down from five
volcanic erupti0ns.
The violent upheaval from three.
and possibly more. newly active
peaks IN the Aleutian range 50
miles west of here was touched
off early yesterday.
In the next 10 hours five heavy
explosions sent fame, smoke and
lava chunks shooting miles into the
sky. An Air Force pilot said the
smoke columns reached upward 1t
least 80, 900 feet.
known To lave ripped of their
tContinuea On Page TwO)
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
Car Pushed Into
Ocean At Base

a late snoAal aUseanehiie IVES
pvshod ~ 3 Naval Stslien deek
mis- nseEains iNso - test - water
wissa truck wess IN - centred.
The car, esnsd NJ Philip <. kU-
Ne q ~ uSs Gsldsrsss. was
later recovered ~ Mary divers
~ uss sdIvdOsd . ssssl soss.
pissy essIeisIs said inst ne se.
eidsni oeeWEFed wlaa : truck
driven ~ James Riehsrdson, rs.
1915 Hewo Street knoeksd 4 81
No pier % No "mels..
RlehsVdson SID thsi ths wheels
"a ths truck Ioeisd. lis msRa0ed
- step tiso veisieIe hsfsFo 4
plsnssd 80 NJ deck. Slight dam.
aes was also eswssd - re oshsr
eaFs.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
CIAHead Talks
With Mccarthy
On Probe Plan
Question OF Ola
Employees Being
Called To Testify
Is Issue Involved
sr RoNLANp Evans Dr..

WASHINGTON B--Sen. McCar-
thy tR-Wis) and Director Allen
Dulles Of the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) arranged to talk
over privately today the question
Of whether McCarthyss inyestiga.
tors can question Dulles and two
Of his aides.
Mccarthy told newsmen Dulles
requested the conference, which
could set the stage for 4 clash
between the Senate Investigations
subcommittee and the extremely
hush-hush CA.
Dulles, D brother Of Secretary
ii state John F9xter Dulles, was
accused by Mccarthy u Senate
speech yesterday oE hooking the
subcommittee's Investigation of a
key GA official.
Mccarthy, who Is chairman,
called the subcommittee into SEES.
sion today 1880 a. m, EST) to
consider issuing subpoenas to sum-
mon Allen Dulles, William p.
Bundy and walter Pforzheimer.
The senator said he hoped to see
Dulles first.
Bundy, son-in-law Of former Sec
rotary Of State Dean Acheson, was
described by Mccarthy in his Sem
ate speech as zone of the top"
officials in the agency.
Mccarthy said Bundy contrib
uted 500 to the AIger Hiss defense
fund and is now being considered
for the job Of naison officer be.
tween the National Security Coun-
Gil, Of which President Eisenhower
Is chairman, and the Atomic En-
ergy Commission.
Hiss, a former State Department
employe, Is serving sentence for
perjury. He was convicted Of lying
under oath In denying he passed
u. S. secrets to a Red courier.
Pforzheimer Is the liaison off.
cial between the CA and Con.
gress.
Mccarthy said Bpndy had been
slated to testify before his com.
lContinue0 On Page Twol
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
Cracks
DOWnOn Miami
Solicitors Here
UnethicaI Sewing
Machine Dealers
Are Raped Today

The eity's anti-soliciting ordin-
ance was enforced yesterday when
. Miami sewing machine dealer
was found TO Be operating without
license. Numerous complaints
had been received. both from the
public and from legitimate deal
ers, that unethicaI concerns were
soliciting house 70 house for the
sale Of sewing machines and that
the buyers were not getting their
moneys worth.
The salesmen were allegediy
misrepresenting their company.
City officials, who received com.
plants Of the operations, moved in
to action and the company was In.
formed that they cannot, under the
terms 81 : 1851 ordinance, solicit
house % house unless they have
. bona flda place 81 business and
rnrchase a cpcapational Incense.
Zee to- me license was 81 ak a, 3
-. mich u effect. dlscOurSged
tie operators.
Customers complained that the
macEines were .'junky' and not
&c represcnted to them.
The sewing machine firm also
Il said 70 have told customers that
they had connections for service 81
the machines locally.
Toby Bruce, owner Of the Home
Appliance company has complained
that the dealers told customers that
his company Is the authorized SER.
Continued On PAGE TwoD
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10

Deposits totalling $l2.Tss,s12.Os
are reported as compared with
ST. S,s47.l2 q year ago. But. IN
creases are routine At The bank :
they have shown them annually for
years.
The healthy condition there Is
hailed by business leaders a. =
barometer Of prosperity and BUSH
ness growth Of the city.
Generally. h l. expected
BY officials Thai Ire evFrsns
BEEN win eoniInUe fsr sems
sims. In addition 10 me Jump II
deposits. which includes bath
savings and chsekins accounts.
NE bank vas able % add So, 900
10 their surplvs fund 10 strengths
On lie eendiflen. The surplus fund
now totals SSIs. oSa.S1.
"A strong capital structure leads
to stability and increases our abb
lily to service the public" Trevor
said this morning.
He hailed the healthy financial
condition BY terming II the best
ever in the banks 62-year history. "
He pointed out that loans made BY
the bank are up d half million dol
lars over last year.
Increases In virtually al other
items covered ii the report are
shown 80 well. Cash on hard and
due from other banks has reached
q total Of $s,154,6S.0B which Ii
$97 y891 IS over 1852.
Government securities held By
the bank have risen to s., 272, sSi is.
Last year they were $7,377 ,s7S. sS,
a rise Of sos, O57. SO.
Undivided profits have also
shown q gain Of $S,3s2.7l reaching
a figure Of $54 1855. SO.
In addition to the Improvement
made In the financial structure Of
the Florida National Bank, Inn
provements in the building itself
as well as gains In the service rem.
dered depositors, have been shown.
The building was renovated and
enlarged with extensive improve
ments made. A "drive-in'' bank.
ing service was also added.
The bank also maintains facilI.
ties on the Naval Station.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
More Attacks
Are Broken Up
By US. Troops
South Korean
Soldiers Hold
Off Reds In
Fierce Battle
Rv RQRERT clRsoM

1
SEOUL -Infantrymen and big
guns of the u. S. 7th Division
broke up two more Chinese at
tacks today In the four-day strug.
gle for Porkchop Hill in Western
Korea.
Booming artillery shells scat
tered some 400 Reds who rushed
the dug.in Americans. u. S. foot
soldiers hurled the Communists
down the slopes Of the Allied-held
height in savage hand-to-hand
fighting. The Reds still had 4 toe
hold on part Of the bill.
Another fierce battle ragged six
miles to the northeast where tough
South Korean soldiers held OF 400
attacking Reds.
An Allied artillery observer said
one Smelling killed or wounded
every one Of 100 Chinese trying to
pull off q western finger Of Pork.
chop Hill.
Murky skies limited ~ aetiea
e e 81 as daytime tenpera-
tlltes feaebed i sweltering 81 de.
grees Thursday, the hottest since
last August.
"A company Of Reds cireied
around porischOp at 4:30 q. m.
and assaulted The southeastern
side Of the Allied outpost hill. Am
erican reinforcements chopped UP
part Of the group that survived
heavy Smelling.
AT last reports, u. S. troops
were cleaning up the Chinese toe
hold on that part Of the hill, rout-
ing them from trenches around
the mountain base.
A night-long melee ragged across
the crest of Porkchop when 200
Chinese attacked bunkers high on
the hill. At $50 d. m. the Reds
pulled back slightly and holed up
in some bunkers on POrkchop's
northern slope.
More than 20, 900 rounds Of Com
munist artillery poured into the
shell-rocked sector. U. S. artillery
men paid them back In round-the-
clock firing.
Another 100 Chinese stormed up
two ridges guarding the main peak
of Arrowhead Ridge, defended by
South Koreans.
Neither attack made serious
gains.
South Korean riflemen also re-
pulsed another 2O0-man assault on
an outpost to the west. American
advisers at the End ROK division
reported that some 5000 rounds
Of Communist artillery and mortar
hit their sector in tho last a hours.
Across the entire front, S4,422
rounds hit Allied territory. But
the only heavy fighting was at
Porkchop Hill and Arrowhead
Ridge.
Air Force B26 Invaders de-
stroyed "a vehicles on roads across
the Korean waist Thursday night.
Other bombers dropped explosives
along the front.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
Key " esters Delay
VOte Registration

AZ He aaia sos No Nosegl.
hsF venerst elesiien nssrs, Key
Nsaiers eonslnUa y delay re-.
isioFine. : cheek 81 ne Office
q Rsslstrafiens u Ne ely han
sIsewod aoday.
Only 1.1lS elsisens have %.
psarad - align ~ a vels. This
represanis enlY small psrtleN
e. IRE lo.ooa expselsd. Mrs.
Agnes Lews. DepUty SUpsrvls.
81 81 ResiaivatIens said.
City olsleials taaE MAT . seE.
lous Jam win result. = Key
vfesaers do net register early.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10

he Associated Press TsIesyps
Features and Photo Services
For u Ye1rs Devoted 10 tie
1sst Interests Of Key West
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10

Esy West Florida. he's The
nest equoble climate in the
country. with an oyeroge
snce Of only IL Fohrsnheit
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-07-10
Deposits At FIaFida National Bank Increase
By More Than A Million Dollars, Report Says
TreUor Halls Condition OF Bank
As Best EDer'; Loans Also Are Up

The tremendous growth Of the city Of Key West has
been reflected financial condition of the Florida Ma
tonal Bank here with deposits up than million dol
lars in the past year. it reported today by J. Trevor
president of the bank.
The information is included in the annual bank state
ment to be released tomorrow.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22
Jimmy Slaydon,
Tiger Guard, Ranks
Ninth In State Race

Jim Slaydon. Hampden-Syd-
neys slick senior playmaker and
set shot specialist, is ninth among
Virginia intercollegiate basketball
scorers for the young season.
The speedy. 6 T. Hollins Col
lege. Va performer, has collected
ll6 points in seven games for a
1876 average. Buzzy Wilkinson.
Virginia's great scorer, lead the
state race with a 1928 average.
Slaydon's seven points against
Washington and Lee last week
We're his poorest effort Of the cam
paign. and the first time he miss
ed scoring in double figures.
The senior playmaker at Death
| Valley has hit consistently AGAINST
all opposition. using set shot
from outside the foul circle most
effectively His top performance
was IS points against Union Sem
mary. followed by % against Viz
ginia's Cavaliers. 20 in the game
with Washington College, and Il
again William and Mary.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22
Bucks Whip Farmville High $40
In Opener: 10 Maxey Scores 40

Buckingham Central H & h
Schools Bucks gave Coach Dol
liver a nice Christmas present
Thursday night a $40 win
over Farmville High defending
District 3 champs
One Of the biggest crowds ever
to pack the Bucks spacious gym
was on hand to see the double
victory, for in the preliminary
game. Coach Sterrett's Buckettes
overwhelmed the Farmyille laSsies
10 to 80.
In the girls opener, the Buck
etts 10 MaXey scored an amazing
as points. That point production
gave her a looming 1870 points in
the seasons six games to date.
That, friends is a 30-point per
game average. Top flight work
anywhere the game is played.
The boys game went TO the
Bucks on the strength Of strong
finish. breaking open what had
been a nip and tuck tussle for a
half. Until the break. the Bucks
4 led only 1919 at the quarter and
g6-26 at half time.
= Playing without Bill Stanley
regular guard. the Bucks made
up the slick with good accuracy
from the foul line collecting Il
Of 81 charity losses, and hitting
we'll in field goal attempts. Altor
Regland. 6 4" newcomer TO the
Bucks squad. helped in the re-
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22
Emporia Holds Lead As District :
Basketball Race Halls For Christmas

Emporia's Eagles chalked UP
two victories during the week to
take the pre- Christmas lead in
the District 3 basketball race
The Eagles defeated Blackstone
1926 and Randolph Henry S
Statesmen. 1873.
The two victories ran E1nporia !
preholiday record to three wins as
against no defeats. a mark that
lifts the Eagles slightly above
Buckingham Central and Lawren-
ceville. each With two victories. no
defeats
Buckingham kept its district
slate clean by topping Farmville
last years champions. $40, in
the opener for Farmville. Rowlett
Bruce continued to be Central's
chief scoring threat. grabbing IS
points against Pamplin and Is
against Farmville. Wally Vale
lone Farmville lettel1nan. scored
Ia points in the opener.
Iawrencevillej Friday handed
Kenbridge its third consecutive
defeat of the young season. So
40. as Tommy Clark. who led a
second half surge. Gagged % points,
an individual high for the district
this season Clark was helped
along by Don Frazer. who con-
trolled the backboards. Bill Bridg-
forth scored 10 points for the los
ers.
Kenbridge also fell to RAN
dolph- Henry during the week as
the Statesmen took a 1896 trl-
umph. Barry Vassar led the
Statesmen with Is points but
Tom Inge was high for the game
and Kenbridge with 10.
Crewe's Rallroaders opened the
season with a $3.50 victory over
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22
Sideline Views
b, JOHN STICK
TIGER BASKETBALL FOR

TIGER BASKETBALL FOR
TUNES look discouraging-on the
surf ce. The pre- Christmas
campaign resulted III but two
wins against five losses. not Il
ring the bell outcome. 70 say the
least. But lets look beneath the
surface.
There. can be seen some en-
couraging things. For one thing.
Coach Claude Milan has two
freshmen who are averaging in
double figures game after game
Bob HickSon with Sc points III
six games. has a AS average.
Russ Holcomb, the elongated
center. is a little below that. but
over 10 points per game
when you come up with freshmen
who step into college circles and
collect double figure scores. In
addition. the Tiger freshmen run
to the tall side. led by Holcomb
at Ct. and they can hold their
own in rebounding Hickson. War
rem Carter Don Hunphries. the
Roanoke freshman scrapper who
has yet to reach his peak because
OF a broken wrist Just before
the season started and Holcornb
are already grabbing their share
of rebounds against the best col
lege clubs in Virginia
Give Coach Milan l953-54
TO season his freshmen and let
the Tigers develop a play-maker
to 60 with their height and things
viii be much better next year.
Hickson. in our opinion can give
the floor generalship the Tigers
need i'll another season,
FOOTBALL LETTERS AT ST.
CHR1STOPHER'S School were
recently awarded to two Farm
vile students Joe Garland. son
OF Nh and Mrs. R. f. Garland.
and Billy Newman. son OF Mr.. and
Mrs William Newman. Both OF
these youths are taking active
parts i'll athletic competition at
the Richmond Prep School
In addition to football. Garland
is one OF the mainstays of the
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22

Amelia as Tom Tunstall scored l3
points. But the Railroaders We're
given a sharp setback on Friday
as Victoria, behind Tommy Clark
and Herb Seay. each of whom
collected II points. won a 1927
decision Terry Fuller paced Crewe
IN the second game with u points.
Girls play over the district was
highlighted by the continued
high scoring Of Josephine MaXey.
She Gagged 46 points for Buck
ingham Central as theteam took
. 79-to-23 decision over Farm
vlle. She now has l8l points for
six games.
The Randolph-Henry girls are
continuing at an unbeaten pace,
having pushed aside Emporia. SO
to 81, as Doris Tharpe and Bar
bara Deaner continued to give
the team double Scoring punch
with % and % points respectively
Emporia earlier had beaten Black
stone. Sc 10 AZ, as Evelyn Brady
scored 80 points for the Eagles.
Shirley Poythress collected &c
points and Maxine Crowdel
grabbed 90 points on Tuesday as
Lawrenceville defeated Victoria
So to 81 Jerry Smithson led the
Victoria play with % points, while
Barbara Brame had d Black
stone previously had beaten Amel-
ia. SO to so. in an overtime test.
Other girls games during the
week had Crewe beating Amelia
46 to 80, while Randolph Henry
defeated Kenbridge, 80 to 10
District 3 STANDINGS.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22

Saints track squad He is be-
coming an outstanding Virginia
scholastic hurdler and broad
jumper
IONGWOOD COLLEGE MEMS
BASKETBALL team has dropped
two decisions. both by the margin
of two points. in the basketball
season thur far Last Thursday
night in the LongWood gym. they
lost to Crewe Chamber of Com
merce team SO to SO. Earlier, the
Longwocd five lost a 1921 decis-
ion 10 CreWe High School, at
Crewe
Jake Wamsley, assistant to S
L. Graham at the college, is
coaching the mems squad. Players
and coaches welcome toWnspeople
to the games Members of The
team are Rex Daye, George Og-
burn. who leads the scoring
parade thus far Herb Goodman.
Eric Robinson. Fred Stables, Bob
Barton. Jim Parker and Dick
Dagger
BUCKINGHAM HIGH CELE-
BRATES with TOO much paint
brush after the defeat Of Farm
vile High last week. The Bucks
while displaying regrettable
lack Of respect for others property
can be excused an eXuberance
over winning We wonder, some
times. if folks realize how much
Farmville dominates the sur
ROUNDING area speaking sports
wise? | a team comes along and
bumps them off once IN a while
you can't blame them for extra
excitement
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22

bounding department even though
he didn't break into the scoring
Dave Cobb and Rowlett Bruce.
with 10 and IS points. were top
scorers for the night. Wally Vale
led Farmville, playing it's first
game and showing first outing
rough edges with Ia
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22

SHORT OF DEATH VALLEY BASKET
Alexandria, who towers
Shelton Gretna who at TO- seems
the big
Death Valley expected pick when
the collegiate
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-12-22

Lynchburg Bobby Iickson grabs rebound from Charlie
Washington the between the col
the C. Glass High School Lynch
the Tigers 1859 Death Valley observers In
cksons like pictured actions of
promising first good for the several
The Key West citizen., 1953-10-09
City Commission
Protests Sale OF
Bay Bottom Land

The City Commission last night
took formal action in an attempt to
stall the sale of . one acre tract
Iof valuable bay bottom land near
The south end Of Simonton Street.
At their recessed meeting they
passed q resolution which win be
forwarded to the Trustees of the
Internal Improvement Fund in Tai
Ilahassee putting forth the city's OBJ
jecfions to the sale.
Norris and Hilda Mazur, owners
of the Atlantic Shores Motel are
listed as the prospective buyers Of
the land. The sale Is slated to take
place October 20.
| Chief objections voiced by the
city are that the sale would "be
detrimental to and cause damage
to the Municipal Beach nearby and
that It would destroy the scenic
marine beauty Of the area"
| The. land being sold is a tract
bout 90 feet wide running SIS feet
out into the ocean. Commissioners
fear that If II was filled In, 1t would
result possibly in the stagnation oi
the water and shifting of the sand
on the City Beach which Is ada.
cent 70 it.
City Attorney M. Ignatius Lester
was authorized Monday to dispatch
a telegram to the lib board in pro-
test of the action.
The Key West citizen., 1953-10-09
us. Inundated
North OF Stuart

TALLAHASSEE N-Eieavy rain
and winds have forced the closing
Of State Road 100 between Canal
Point and Twenty Mile Bend, the
State Road Department said today.
u. s. l seven miles north Of
Stuart Is under water but still
passahle, the SRD said. The ap.
breaches TO the Kissimmee River
bridge at Fort Basinger also are
under water but traffic still ID
moving.
Three reads previously closed
still remain barred to traffic.
State Road a Is closed at Crows
sBluff west Of DeLand. U. S. %
Is closed between Holopaw and
Melbourne and State Road z07
d closed between Spuds and East
palatka.
The road from vero Beach west
10 u. S. al is under water but Is
atm passable.
The Key West citizen., 1953-10-09
Mitchell I'm AS
Labor Secretary

WASHINGTON R - James p.
Mitchell was sworn In today as
secretary of labor and attended
his first Cabinet meeting.
Mitchell, 52-year cid former New
York City department store execu-
tive with long experience in labor
relations, took the oath in cere.
monies at the White House with
President Eisenhower looking on.
The New Jersey Republican, who
says he is neither a plumber nor
"a millionaire" had been assistant
secretary Of the Army until Eisen.
however announced the new ap-.
pointment yesterday.
you're about to so to your first
Cabinet meeting" Eisenhower
smiled as he posed for pictures
with Mitchell.
The Key West citizen., 1953-10-09
Mrs. Graham Is
Elected To Head
Local c. OF C.

For the first time, a woman Is
president of the Key West Cham.
Der Of Commerce.
Mrs. Mary L. Graham was elect
ed to that office late yesterday at
2 special meeting of the cham.
her's new directors. I
Other new officers are Ralph
Faraldo, first vice president: Paul
J. Sher, second vice president.
and Judge Aquilino Lopez. Jr'.
treasurer.
Mrs. Graham has been active in
civic affairs and Is the owner Of
Lees Orient Restaurant as wen as
several apartment buildings here,
Earl r. Adams. retiring. presi.
dent, spoke at yesterdays meet.
ing, thanking the members for
their cooperation and extending his
congratulations to Mrs. Graham