davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-27
New York Central Net
Up Sharply in Jonuory
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

NEW YORK, Feb. 27.-The
New York Central Railroad to-
day reported a sharp rise in net
income in January over the like
month last year.
In the first month in the new
year the Central had net income
of 1888. 1881 on operating reve-
nues of SGT .225.071. These fig
ures compared with a net income
OF $480.158 in January. 1852, on
operating revenues of $71,358,-
O39
Evening star., 1953-02-27
Soft Cool Output Rises

The National Coal Association
today estimated bituminous pro-
duction in the week ended Feb
ruary 81 was 8,525 900 tons,
compared with $3.50. 900 tons the
previous week and 10,215,0O0 in
the corresponding week of 1852.
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Fletcher Knebei:
Potomac Fever

Minister Churchill the United confer
with Ike ThereM always be England-as long there's
dollar left.
Stocks have risen So billion the Eisenhower market" since
the election Wall Street knows this will be safe and ad
neutrality-suspicious. to amper with single New Deal reform
President Truman says he'll make final radioTV report to
the Nation January l5 Harry will keep his talk brief
possbustng people will read his memoirs the Of his
apologies
controversy expodes Senator McCarhys receipt
of Distinguished Flying for non-plot World
sions The Penagon it's routine stuf-open
Pacific prove completed 80 missions
before becoming United States Senator
Senator Hennings Of Missouri that political parties
spent than So million radio and TV during the campaign
That's at the rate of about 100000 houor So million
thought.
Secretary State Acheson tesihes that employment Of
American Reds at the UN does endanger United States
criy ANY look at it, the last years Washington
have proved that United States security survive almost
anything.
Minnesota professor says that n-intelectuals are
showing paranod behavior" toward scientists trouble
didn't elect Ada we'd have at least
around Washington who'd know what the professors trying
to
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Senate Liberals Big Handicap
Their Respect for Freedom of Opinion Causes Reluctance
To Impose Discipline; Their Rules Fight Is Lost

They are not united by geogra-
ply and a culture pattern like
the Southern minority: their
respect for freedom Of opinion
is so ingrained, they are re-
luctant to impose or accept dis
cipline even to gain an i'm
portant end.
The South'S strength in Con-
gress lies in its unity. It has
developed what has been called
"the tyranny Of the weak" into
a fine art. It's able leaders have
a remarkable flexibility about
the complex parliamentary
rules. The rules are holy when
useful, they can be bent when
desired.
The Capitol grapevine reports
that the Southerners are also
casting a speculative eye on the
national committee and consid-
ering ways and means Of put
ting Senate Secretary Leslie
Biffie at its head. The COM
mittee rules do not appear to
afford them any handhold.
Stephen Mitchell, Gov. Ste
venson's choice. has the nine
points Of possession, and in
tends to stay and prove what
he can do. He is required by
the bylaws to call a national
committee meeting only once a
year and that rule has been
honored more IL the breach
than in the observance. It is
probable that no fight in this
sector will soon develop.
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Enigma Of Acheson Is Clearer
He Is Honest and Loyal but Lacks Imagination and Result
Is the Credulousness Which Permitted Chino's Loss

can do by exerting influence
favorable to the Soviets that
would damage American inter-
ests.
A diplomatic policy that leads
to a stalemate In Korea or q
Illustration of American leader
ship in the q. N. can mean q
long list Of casualties in Korea
every week. This is also a
matter Of national security"
especially to the parents of the
dead and wounded Americans.
Mr.. Acheson's testimony reads
as II he thinks a spy is only
some one who gives away a mill
.tary secret. He doesn't visualize
the influence welded by in
nocent-appearing citizens Of the
United States whose record Of
disloyalty has recently awak-
ened suspicion.
Mr.. Acheson argued that his
sub0rdinates shouldn't be ques-
toned by congressional COM
mittees as to how they evaluate
FBI data and why they didn't
hand out adverse comment to
the U. N. about job applicants
there or why suspicious Of dis
loyalty were not followed up
promptly. He said the subordi-
mates were doing only what they
were told to do and that "re-
Sponsible officers can be put
on the stand to explain their
actions"
Yet when Mr.. Acheson, as a
responsible officer, was put on
the stand, he said he hadn't
known anything about the ac-
cused individuals in the u. N.
Whereupon Representative Hill
ingS of California burst forth
with this comment:
II suggest you look into the
case Of David Weintraub. Forty
three times he was cited by the
FIJI in information sent to the
State Department and he still
occupies a high position in the
United Nations"
Roy Cohn, special assistant
to the Attorney General, had
testified the day before that MIR.
Weintraub was still Director Of
Economic Sterilization and De-
velopment in the U. N. and had
been hiring employees upon
whom the FBI was making ad-
verse reports.
1t will be recalled that dur
ing the recent presidential
campaign stress was laid by
Democratic Party spokesmen on
the fact that the FBI should
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Europe Looks to u. S. for Cure
Its Security Faces Threat Inherent in the French Crisis
AS New Moral and Economic Depression Neurs

the national currency. Such
economic disturbances have an
important impact on the ma
tion's political structure-prob-
ably Q greater impact In France
than In any other country. Agi-
tators, principally Communists
and their associates. thrive in
such a situation.
Yet France is not poor; quite
the contrary. The French
people. and particularly the
farmers. have enjoyed a re-
markable prosperity during the
past three years. Business is
thriving. The rise in the price
Of gold and in hard currencies
is an index to the peoples loss
Of confidence in the politicians,
not to the insolvency Of the
nation.
Whenever political crises de-
velop, the French people rush
to the black market and I'LL
their stockings with foreign
currencies. or gold. which rep
resent tangible values.
The French government may
be close to bankruptcy, but the
cause is not so much the heavy
drain on the treasury of the
war in Indo- China as the in
ability of the government to
raise or collect taxes. Even the
existing income taxes imposed
by the National Assembly are
but sketchily collected. MIR.
Pinay and his predecessors since
1947 have been able to juggle
their budgets with the assistance
of American dollars transferred
to France. But now the amount
Of such aid has become smaller,
while the costs of running the
government, the Indo-C China
war. and the prospective trouble
in North Africa have gone up.
French politicians are en-
deavoring to counter the dis
satisfaction in the country by
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Constantine Brown:

The hopes Of the free world
center more In the United States
this new year than in the past.
There Is q new spirit Of conf
dence here, q determination not
to repeat past mistakes and to
look at the domestic and inter-
national situation realistically.
Unfortunately the same situa-
ton does not exist in the allied
countries across the Atlantic.
where a new wave Of economic
and especially moral depression
is In the making.
This is particularly true re-
garding France. The French
crisis is. however, not economic
but rather one Of lack of con-
f1dence in the political parties
and in the men who head them.
The Pinay cabinet, probably
the ablest the French people
have had in the last quarter Of
o century, has fallen and Presi-
dent vincent Auriol, the COM
petent but powerless head Of the
French Republic. is looking anx-
iously to find some other poll
tician who could organize q
cabinet with a sufiicient ma
jority to last at least q few
months.
The French people them
selves seem to doubt the ability
OF any Of their politicians to
give them a strong government.
Since the Pinay resignation the
French franc has been tumbling
once more. The rate of exchange
for the dollar. which had been
kept steady at about 400 francs
on the black market during the
last eight months, has risen to
$50 and 460 since the downfall
OF Pinay. The same has hap
pened to the Swiss franc and to
the price Of gold, either in bars
or coins.
AT the same time. prices for
most essentials have increased
proportionately. or have jumped
ahead Of the fall in the value Of
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Doris FIeeson:

Southern Democrats with
their allies, Senator's McCarran.
Kerr, and q certain smattering
Of others from west Of the Mis-
sissippi, can't lose their fight to
organize the Senate minority
and keep Rule az for unlimited
debate. They have got the votes
and in the short run the conver-
sation doesn't matter.
In the long run, New Deal
Senators Lehman, Douglas, Hum
phrey and others are con-
vinced that it does matter. They
will propose Senator Murray Of
Montana, ranking New Dealer
and sixth Democrat in point Of
service, for minority leader.
They are also marshaling i'm
pressive legal arguments in sup
port Of their contention that
the Senate is not a continuing
body and therefore can and must
adopt new rules each session.
This Is the opening skirmish
in what they think of as a long
war to keep the Democrats the
liberal party. Recognizing that
the record Of the party out of
power is largely what its repre-
sentatives do in Congress. they
plan to give the next national
convention and presidential
candidate at least the choice of
o coherent. consistent liberal
record to build on.
The dominant Southern ma
jority Of the minority will OF
course make its own record and
Evening star., 1953-01-01

be relied on to handle the whole
problem Of disloyalty. Gov.
Stevenson. for instance, seemed
to be unaware Of the fact that
the FBI can only investigate
and report. and that what hap
pens to FBI data afterward
when evaluated by State De-.
partment officials Is the heart Of
the controversy. That's what
caused Senator Mccarthy to
initiate his crusade. And it is
the State Departments failure
to act on FBI information which
caused the New York Federal
grand Jury to come out with
q denunciation Of the political
influences inside the Truman
administration which were try
ing to suppress the facts about
disloyalty in governmental cir
cles and even to prevent the
grand jury from speaking its
mind.
Mr.. Acheson seems always
to have had implicit faith in
everybody-he does not distrust
any one or apparently take sus-
picious cases seriously. Yet he
defends his assistants to whom
he has delegated wide authority
and who also seemed very trust
worthy.
II do not believe that any of
my associates have let me or
any one down." he commented to
a House committee. But a mo-
ment later John D. Hickerson.
Assistant Secretary of State in
Charge of Relations with the
U.N., was testifying that there
was one case in which nearly
three years elapsed in checking
on one doubtful employe. He
spoke of it as a mechanical
slip" in the State Department.
and said the file had disap-
peared and didn't turn up until
nearly three years after the sub
ject was proposed by the U.N.
Evidently the employe held on
to his job in the U. N. Then
the report. he conceded. was
adverse.
The whole sorry mess does not.
by any means. imply disloyalty
at the top level In the State
Department. But 1t does imply
a credulousness. o laxity and a
childlike trustfulneSs which has
made Communist infiltration
inside the State Department, as
we'll as inside the American
unit in the United Nations,
easier of accomplishment.
Reproduction Rishts Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-01-01

can be expected also to attempt
to write the next party plat
form and name its nominee.
The two factions will not be
hard and fast naturally. On
agricultural policy the South
erners out-deal the New Deal.
for the most part; no section
has benefited more from the
Roosevelt Truman farm pro-
grams. The same thing is
largely true on public power:
Senator's Hill, Kerr and Russell
have led fights for rural elec-
trif1cation and power dams.
Some Senators will vote
against Senator Murray and for
Senator Lyndon Johnson Of
Texas for minority leader for
personal reasons, such as old
friendship in the House. Sena-
tor-elect Symington Of Missouri,
for example. is a close personal
friend OF t1e TeXan, but ne mas
been a notable fighter for racial
progress.
There is nothing new about
such a situation. It prevailed
among the Republicans, indeed
still does, and Gen. Eisen-
hower's candidacy was launched
by the liberal G. O. P. faction
which was always outnumbered
and eutgunned on the floor Of
the Senate and House.
The major difficulty Of liber-
ais in such a situation is not
that they are outnumbered; it
is that they are individualists.
Evening star., 1953-01-01
LONzeH zvIeLetL
This Nav Be the End Of an Era
Taft Proposes to Put the Country Back on the Road
We Left 20 Years Aqo-Some Memories Of Same

country need not be at the mercy
Of what many economists called
business cycles-good times
followed by bad times. bad times
by good times. The great depres-
sion at the end Of his term
may have changed Mr.. Hoover's
thinking, but he still clings to
the notion that the Government
under his leadership was about
to recapture prosperity, just
around the corner, when the
voters interfered with his plans.
Maybe Senator Taft agrees
with Mr.. Hoover. In which case
we are at the end Of an era.
And at the beginning of q new
era-although not a new kind
Of era. It could be one calcu-
lated. in time, to recall some Of
our saddest memories.
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Dovid Lawrence:

The enigma of Dean Acheson.
Secretary Of State, in relation
to Communist influence inside
the American contingent at the
United Nations and elsewhere
comes nearest to being solved
upon examining his testimony
that, while disloyal Americans
In the u. N. are harmful to the
national interest" they do not
constitute a threat to ma
tional security"
Characteristically, with his
legaliStic mind, the Secretary Of
State has drawn a hair-split-
ting distinction between the
activities Of disloyal persons
who damage the national in
terest" by giving this country
"a black eye and a bad reputa-
tion," and the concept Of ma
tional security" as he defines 1t.
"No security question is in
volved here" testified the Sec
retary. "The people in the
u. N. didn't handle classified
matters dealing with our ma
tional defense. They were not
endangering our national Sc
curity."
To Mr.. Acheson the only
thing really harmful about the
disloyal Americans in the
United Nations was that they
were exposed and hence gave
this country and the U. N. a
bad reputation. Just because
disloyal Americans didn't han
die military matters, they could
not, as he viewed it, damage
national security.
There, in a nutshell, is the
!, whole story Of how China was
lost to the free world and how
the intrigueS inside the U. N.
have prevented that organiza-
ton from giving wholehearted
support to the American war
effort in Korea.
MIR. Acheson is honest, con-
scientious and loyal. but he is
devoid Of imagination. He thinks
everybody else in official life is
honest, too. He does not yet
see the pattern of Communist
intrigue as it worked inside the
State Department, influencing
q wrong course toward Nation
alist China. BY the same token,
he doesn't see what harm any
disloyal Americans operating
behind the scenes inside the
u. N. with full access to other
U. N. officials and with the
immense prestige of the Ameri-
can Government behind them,
Evening star., 1953-01-01

also a partitioned country.
presented, to the minds of our
leaders, an equal danger and
analogy. I could not accept the
analogy. West Germany could
not be attacked without i'm
mediately engaging American
and Russian troops In what
would certainly develop into q
world war. The calculated risk,
from the viewpoint of the
SovietS, was immeasurably
greater than in Korea.
The rearming Of Western Ger
many has, however, met i'm
mense resistance among the
German people and parties, as
well as constitutional difficul-
ties. To many it means the
ratification of the permanent
partition Of the nation, to be
overcome only by a Western
military offensive, which we are
pledged not to make.
And to the French it repre-.
sentS an enormous mental haz-
ard. To arm a people with the
claims and grievances of the
Germans in the East, before the
postwar political constellation
OF Europe was clarified, was to
put the cart before the horse.
and, thought. risk the hope Of
achieving European political
unity. And that is precisely
what has happened.
Behind the fall Of the Pinay
government. ostensibly over d
domestic issue, turks a revolt
against the Schuman lie. the
American) European policy. The
new American Government will
have to do some fresh thinking
about Europe. We hope 1t will
do it more deliberately. and with
more foresight. than its prede-
cessors. For actions taken in
haste are usually repented ut
leisure.
Evening star., 1953-01-01

adopting an increasingly nation
alistic attitude toward Frances
neighbors and also toward the
United States. To hide the
emptiness of the treasury from
their people. they sing the
"Marseillaise" and get tough In
international politics.
Thus Mr.. Pinay, who had
signed the Bonn and Paris
treaties with West Germany
treaties which were ratified by
the United States Senate and
the British Parliament - was
unwilling to present these docu-
nents to the National Assembly.
The French public does not seek
cooperation with its neighbors
such as Germany and Spain,
but their domination.
The shortsighted policy Of
the Paris government in the
Saar is about the best illustra-
ton Of the delusions of gram
deur from which France is suf-
fering at present. Mr.. Pinay, a
genuine friend Of America and
more anxious to cooperate than
most Of his predecessors, felt
compelled last fall to give us q
diplomatic slap because domes-
tic political conditions demanded
it.
Prime Minister Churchill, now
en- route to New York for some
preliminary talks with Presi-
dent-elect Eisenhower, is ex-
pected to inform him of the
real concern Of the British gov
ernment over the existing ten
sion in France. Britain's econ
omy is precarious, but politically
the nation Is not breaking at
the seams. The same situation
applies to the majority of the
other NATO countries.
/ Europe is fully aware Of the
threat to its security inherent
in the current crisis in France,
and is looking to the United
States for whatever remedy may
be discoverable.
Evening star., 1953-01-01

a prosperous era and the coun-
try is prosperous today. But
there are those who believe. and
Senator Taft is one Of them,
that there is something wrong
with this prosperity, that it
isn't the right kind of prosper
ity and should be replaced by a
different kind. Just what that
may be we won't know until he
unfolds his progressive pro-
gram, but it had better be good
If he doesn't wish to relinquish
his majority leadership to q
Democrat at the end Of two
years.
One part of his purpose has
been made clear by the Senator
and that.is to reduce the cost Of
Government, the burden of taxes
and the national debt. That, If
accomplished, might mean in
creased prosperity in the sense
of increased take-home pay.
assuming the loss of business
now depending on Government
spending did not prove too seri-
GUS. How to accomplish it and
keep all his party's campaign
promises will be the problem.
Some Of those promises add up
to lot of money. especially in
the field of social security. On
the other hand. the promise. by
inference. to end the war In
Korea offers the hope of inn
mense saving, but that promise
may be hard to keep. even with
Gen. Macarthur helping.
In all fairness to the Senator.
the back road for which he
pines wasn't ell rough and rocky
as described above. There was
prosperity at times, such pros
perity at one period that Presi-
dent Hoover believed it would
be perpetual and said so. Long
before the New Dealers asserted
the same thing. he believed the
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Lowell MeHett:

The end Of a year; perhaps
the end of an era.
Senator Taft. following a con-
ference with President-elect
Eisenhower. talked to the press
as spokesman for the other
Senators present. He spoke
with the assurance of one who
has successfully asserted his
leadership. He said he was con-
fident there will be no difficulty
in working out a harmonious
relationship with the White
House and a legislative pro-
gram "that will be progressive
and will put the country back
on the road we abandoned
20 years ago. before the New
Deal"
The statement is a bit am
biguous. The word progress
sive" could mean anything any
one wanted it to mean. And
before the New Deal" suggests
the Hoover administration. So
Senator Taft would seem to be
saying that the road he is going
to put the country back on was
abandoned during Mr.. Hoover's
time. Which, being Mr.. Repub-
lican. he could not have meant.
What he was trying to say, OBJ
viouSly. was the road abandoned
by the New Deal.
This was a road lined with
Idle factories, busted banks and
going out of business signs,
soup lines and corner APPLE
sellers. Hoovervilles and fore
closed farms, with here and
there groups Of farmers stand
ing Of the sheriff with pitch
forks. Not even nostalgia for
the good old days can make
that road look attractive, Ger
tain1y not one to be travelled
again.
The era now ending, II it is
ending. has been on the whole
Evening star., 1953-01-01
Dorothy Thompson
Hopes for a Year Of Chonoe
ne New Administration Must Supply Some Fresh THINKING
About Europe as 1t Breaks From American Leadership

We are accustomed to think
that each new. year brings a
new beginning, as though some
thing more than the date, Ammo
Domini, changes on the calen-
dar. One anticipates supersti-
tiously that the New Year, rep
resented as a smiling infant,
will be better than the one
being bowed out, and the mid
night celebrations all register
this anticipation: Happy New
Year!
Life, Of course, does not move
thus, In annual fresh starts.
The year 1852 flows into 1858,
as 1851 flowed into 1852. New
years are not years of jubilee,
in which mankind is annually
freed from the results Of the
past. We are what all the years
have made US. and we carry
them with us.
Nevertheless, this January,
we do enter a year of change.
Before the month is out a new
government will be inaugurated
in Washington, and it will not
be the same as the old one. Al
though it also cannot erase the
past. or start from scratch, it
does have more freedom than it's
predecessors. It Is not self
bound by its own previous ac-
tions. 1t can take a new look,
with an unprejudiced eye-or,
let us say. with an eye colored
by q different set of prejudices.
It must make its own record In
the next four years. and that
record, still unwritten, will de-
termine its future and. to a
large extent, our own.
Nor Is 1t only here that the
close Of the year registers
Evening star., 1953-01-01

change. and the New Year fore
shadows. if not the close of
one period, some possibly pro-
found reorientations.
During the last months Eu-
rope has been breaking away
from American leadership.
To an extent the United States
has contributed to this, and
by the most constructive actions
we have taken Europe is no
longer PROSTATE, bankrupt, or
utterly defenseless. In many Eu-
ropean countries, the masses Of
the people enjoy a higher stand
ard Of living than that Of pre-
war. Although defense lags, the
United States has flung the
mantle Of its formidable mill
tary might over everything
west Of the Iron Curtain. And
as nations regain economic
stability and lose some measure
OF rear. they also regain free
dom of action, and begin to
talk back-even to those who
have helped them regain it.
We should, I think, have an
ticipated that as our associates
became less dispirited, they
would become more spirited.
The primary American ac-
ton against which a probable
majority Of Frenchmen, and
a certainly large minority of
Germans, are in revolt is the
decision to rearm Western Ger
many as part of an American
West European alliance.
This was American leader
ship (my opinion at the time)
at its most thoughtless and i'm
petuous. The decision was the
direct result of the North Ko-
rean attack to which Germany.