davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-18
hotoerommetrists Pick
SecreturY-Treusurer

c. E. Palmer. of 2I6 Wayne
place Sc, today was named sec
tary-treasurer of the American
Society Of Photogrammetry.
Mr.. Palmer is former pur-
chasing agent Of the American
Red Cross here and served for
two years as Red Cross field
director in Alaska.
Evening star., 1953-02-18

Police in New York City fur
nish their own uniforms, and
those in Los Angeles. San Fran
cisco, Detroit and Cleveland
furnish the material for their
uniforms. Washington police
are required to furnish only un-
.derWear, sox and shoes.
Both pay proposals being
readied for presentation to Con-
gress recommend that the time
it takes to reach the top grade
here be cut to three years.
Flat 10 Pct. Increase.
The proposal from police OFF,
cials and approved by the Com
missionerS, would raise the pay
Of all officers a fiat 10 per cent.
This would bring the annual pay
for top-grade privates to 81, 4,576.
The Police Association for the
District Of Columbia proposes
more liberal increases in the
lower grades. A comparison Of
the proposals follows:
Evening star., 1953-02-18
Of Permits
Here for Iipsy
Driving Rises
362 Have Forfeited
Licenses So. Far
In Fiscal 1853
By John v. Horner

Liquor is causing more and
more motorists to lose their Dis
trict driving permits.
In the first seven months of
this fiscal year, 362 drivers al
ready have forfeited licenses be-
cause they were convicted
either in District courts or else
whereof driving while drunk
This represents a Is per cent
increase over the figure for last
year. Yet. the number Of court
convictions tells only part Of
the story Of tipsy drivers who are
ruled off the streets.
On its own authority, the
Driver Improvement Section of
the Department of Vehicles and
Traffic annually lifts hundreds
of permits in addition to those
revoked because Of court deci-
SionS.
The exact number is not
known because the records aren't
kept that way. But it's sizeable.
A spokesman said the agency re-
vokes more permits of drinking
drivers on its own initiative than
as a result Of convictions.
No Legal Proof Necessary.
The law provides that any one
found guilty Of driving while un-
der the influence of liquor or
narcotic drugs automatically
loses his permit. It also grants
the Traffic Department broad
discretionary authority to revoke
and suspend permits "for any
cause" deemed sufficient.
To the driver improvement
section, heavy drinking is suffi-
cient cause. It does not require
legal proof-the kind needed in
court. The agency can act on
the testimony of policemen or
witnesses to an accident.
In the fiscal year of 1852
ended last June 30-the Driver
Improvement Section received
reports on nearly $4,000 traffic
violations in the District and
revoked or suspended a total
Of 4,537 permits. Many of these
involved drinking drivers, who
were grouped in the general cate
CORY Of violations contributing
to accidents"
Comparison Shows Climb.
The section compiled these
figures to show the steady climb
in mandatory revocations by
fiscal years resulting from court
verdicts:
Evening star., 1953-02-18
District Probes
Conlp|aintson
School Food
Canned Goods
Of Low Quulity
Hit by Purents
By jones G. Deone

81.
District Purchasing Officer Ro.
land M. Brennan today began an
investigation of complaints
against canned food being
bought for public school cafe
teriaS.
School officials yesterday COM
planned to Mr.. Brennan's Office
about low-quality canned peas,
carrots. mayonnaise and coffee.
The official school complaint fol-
lowed criticism from parents.
teachers and cafeteria mana.
gers.
The items are obtained from
the General Services Adminis-
tration. Charles N. Zellers,
school business officer, said they
conform to GSA standards, but
that the Federal specifications
"are not very high"
Other Users Cited.
Mr.. Brennan said other Dis
trict institutions, such as Glenn
Dale Sanitorium, have been using
similar foods without complaint.
But he said he would cooperate
with school authorities and allow
them to bypass GSA If they pre-
fer. He said he would ask for
details first. however.
Buying higher grades from
wholesalers would cost more
money, the purchasing chief
warned.
The schools began buying many
foods through GSA last Deem
Der. when all 38 scafeterias were
brought under central manage-
ment. Previously individual
schools bought their own foods
through commercial channels.
The District has been buying
canned goods through the Fed
eral Government for many years
without complaint.
But Mr.. zellers pointed out
that persons in other District In
Stitutions are a captive" clien-
tele, whereas the school children
can take the food offered or leave
II: Many under the new setup
have been leaving it.
Three Schools Polled. r8
!, a parent group recently polled
pupils of Anacostia High School
and Sousa and Kramer Junior
Highs. OF the pupils replying,
1,104 said they didn't like the
present meat and vegetables.
while only 254 said they did.
Many have stopped buying their
lunches.
Pupils in a number Of schools
also have been complaining
about new menus. which stress
plate lunches. The. Southeast
parent group planned to outline
these and other complaints at 3
Board Of Education meeting to.
day. s
Mr.. Zellers said the new CEN
tralized food purchasing is saw.
ing money, although how much
is not known yet. The new cafe
terra system netted $2,700 in its
first 2la weeks, just before
Christmas, although there was
a deficit for the month of De-
cember because employees had to
be paid through the holidays, he
said.
The central management is
planning to allow cafeteria man
ayers more leeway in preparing
meals, and eventually a manager
will be assigned at every school,
MIR. Zellers said. Each manager
now Supervises two schools, one
of the points criticized by par
entS.
Mr.. Zellers said school officials
also will try to get Congress to
put salaries of the central cafe
management staff in the regular
school budget. The central staff
now is paid out of cafeteria
earnings and Mr.. Zellers called
this an unfair burden on the
school children.
In school systems elsewhere,
taxpayers foot the administra-
tive bill. he said. The bill here
will amount to about $37, 900 an
nually.
Evening star., 1953-02-18
Flat 10 Pct. Increase.

In addition. the Police Asso-
citation proposal urges regular in-
creases Of 500 each i've years
for top-grade privates who are
Evening star., 1953-06-14
CoIcuIoted Risk

Undoubtedly DR.. Rhee, an as
tute politician, is aware of con-
ditions as they are, and realizes
that his position is not so bad as
he describes it. This is the basic
fact on which the United States,
as leader for the U. N. in Korea,
is preparing to take calculated
risk.
But the risk is not the historic
one of war: That we may be flgur-
ing our enemy wrong. The present
risk is that we may be figuring our
ally wrong. From beneath the
cloak of secrecy over negotiations
at Panmunjom, at Seoul and here
have come indications that the
United Nations Is ready to go
ahead with a truce, with DR.. Rhee
or without him.
As q strict matter Of form, we
Evening star., 1953-06-14
Germany

THE COMMUNISTS are in the
l. difficult position in Germany
of wanting to communize the East
Germans against their will while
trying to lure the West Germans
away from the free world. If the
Russians crack down on East Ger
many and establish rigid Com
munist state, West Germany will
grow more and more fearful of
Russia. But If Russia goes easy on
the East Germans and makes the
other side of the Iron Curtain look
attractive to West Germans, then
the long-range goal Of communi-
zation gets nowhere.
Until last week the Russian de-
cision was to sacrifice good will
and force the East Germans into
the Red mold.
Last week, however, there was a
change in that policy. It did not
look like a reversal Of the drive
toward communication, but it did
look like a significant showdown.
A period of buttering-up seemed
to be in store for the Germans.
Two Statements
The new policy was outlined in
two statements. The nrst was an
agreement between the Commu-
Evening star., 1953-06-14
Letter Exchange

While this situation was building
up, momentous exchange of cor
respondence occurred. DR.. Rhee,
in Seoul, appealed to President Eli
senhower to reconsider on the
truce and not to let Korea down.
Gen. Eisenhower replied in terms
designed to convince the Korean
President that the United Nations
course was the course of wisdom.
Dissatisfied, the South Koreans
snapped that the Eisenhower let
ter was vague" and that I'VE
really have no guarantee of any,
thing"
No Empty Promises
Colder analysis of the Eisen-
hover letter, however, showed it
to be anything but vague. 1t an
Swered the answerable questions
raised by DR.. Rhee, and ignored
the unanswerable ones. It made no
promises that could not be de-
livered upon. And it offered DR..
Rhee boundless understanding,
sympathy and good will, while
what DR.. Rhee wanted were guns.
In his letter, the Korean Presi-
dent sought the expulsion Of all
Chinese Communist forces from
North Korea; the dissolution Of
the North Korean army; an air
Evening star., 1953-06-14

tight alliance with the United
States whereby we would come to
Korea's aid If any part of the
peninsula was invaded; a broad
program of arms aid for the South
Korean army, and American use
of air and naval bases in Korea.
The only points to which Gen.
Eisenhower deigned to reply con-
cerned aid and a defense pact.
The United States, he said, would
continue economic aid to South
Korea. And he would talk over a
mutual defense treaty to safe
guard all territory peacefully ac-
quired-but only after an armi-
Stice was signed.
DR.. Rhee's aims were clear. He
wanted to get himself into a posi-
ton to unity the Korean penin-
sula, meanwhile relying on quick
and effective American aid if
things should go wrong. He also
wanted the United States to have
air-base interests in Korea so that
any attack on Korea would auto
matically be an attack on the
United States.
Gen. Eisenhower'S position was
equally plain. He wanted to help
the South Koreans get on their
feet again, but not so as to start
an aggressive war of their own.
And he wanted South Korean
agreement to the armistice before
talking mutual defense or any,
thing else binding.
Il-Founded Fears
The South Korean reasoning
was understandable but, many
persons thought, ill-founded. DR..
Rhee said time and again that to
conclude truce and leave Chinese
forces on Korean soil would
amount to a death sentence for
South Korea. One high official in
Seoul said, under such a setup,
South Korea would be Communist
in two years. time.
But as Gen. Eisenhower pointed
out to DR.. Rhee, a truce now does
not mean the immediate deser-
ton of Korea by the West. An
immediate armiStice would leave
South Korea, territorially speak
ing, about where it was when the
war started, or a bit better of.
And with a stabilized truce line,
manned by ready forces, South
Korea would be as secure from
Red conquest as it is today.
The latest indication was that
DR.. Rhee had dropped all his de-
mands except for a mutual defense
pact before the armistice. And 1t
was increasingly unlikely that he
would get even this.
Evening star., 1953-06-14

TINE QUESTION Of truce or
continued war in Korea
hung on dead center last week,
awaiting the decision Of tough old
Syngman Rhee.
For more than TOO days, 1t was
the Communists who were holding
up a cease-f1re. But now, with a
truce more alluring than ever be-
cause Of its nearness, 1t was DR..
Rhee, President of the Republic of
Korea.
DR.. Rhee'S position was clear
enough. 1t had been summed up
aptly 95 years ago this week by
Abraham Lincoln: "I believe this
Government cannot endure per-
manently half slave and half
free" DR.. Rhee had spent the best
years of his life fighting at home
and abroad for an independent
Korea. It had become more than
an aspiration, more even than a
driving ambition. To Syngman
Rhee, a united Korea was an OBJ
session.
Yet it was clear that he was not
going to get such a Korea either
now or in the immediate future.
At 78, he seemed to be deserting
the path Of smart politics in his
desperate compulSion. If he sue
ceeded in blocking truce, DR.. Rhee
would not have helped his country
greatly, and might find at length
that he had harmed it.
There were indications a. the
week ended that DR.. Rhee was
about to go along (although
reluctantly with the truce, but
his reputation for unpredictability
kept the West on tenterhooks.
Just to make sure, United States
forces in Korea were reported pre-
pared to enforce a truce south of
the battle line in spite of DR.. Rhee
or any one else.
It was clearly the Vests job at
this point to save DR.. Rhee from
himself.
Evening star., 1953-06-14

resident in the fine old chambers
Of Hotel Matignon. Last week he
presented the Assembly with a
now-familiar ultimatum: Give me
the-power to whip the country's
government into shape by decree
or find another candidate. He
asked specifically for power to cut
expenditures, increase taxation,
nationalize industry and reorgan-
ize the civil service.
If given such a strong hand, he
said, France could be restored to
her prewar eminence and could
be represented at Bermuda as an
equal to Britain and the United
States.
M. Bidault came close to VIM
ming. He lost by only one vote
better, perhaps, than winning by
one vote in Frances always-un-
stable lower house
President Auriol then asked
three other ex-PremierS to attempt
to form a government. Rene PIE
ven and Antoine Pinay said mo"
Immediately. Both said they could
do no better than M. Bidault.
Andre Marie, however, said he
would survey the field and see If
he could rally the necessary sup
port. So at the end of the week
candidate No. 8 started the round
Of calls on party leaders.
Evening star., 1953-06-14

was left after the twin election
days with only a shadow Of his
previous majority in Parliament.
l6-Seot Majority
In the lower house, where the
Premier and his cabinet are Sc
lected, De Gasperi's majority fell
from 1866 Deputies to only 16. De
Gasperi heads a coalition Of four
center parties and also draws sup
port from two additional minus
cule parties. Tugging at him from
the left are the Communists and
Left Socialists. Forming his right
opposition are the Monarchists
and Neo-FasciSts.
Here is how .the old and new
chambers line up:
Evening star., 1953-06-14

do not need South Korean name
on the armistice agreement. Just
as Gen. Nam II is empowered to
sign for all the Red forces, Gen.
Harrison can sign for all the Reds
enemies.
The apparent intention of the
U. N. Command is to get a truce
concluded as quickly as possible
and then go after Rhee's approval,
however reluctant. 1t is felt there
is little he will be able to do to
carry out his threats to fight alone.
For one thing, the South
Koreans are almost completely
dependent on the United States
for fighting supplies. One esti-
mate is that the ROK army has
only a weeks supply of groceries
and bullets. Another-probably
little closer to the TRUTHS that
this force has managed to slash
away several weeks supply. But
at any rate, logistical problems
would make a real war effort i'm
possible.
Will Army Follow?
For another thing, no one. is
quite sure how far the ROK army
would follow DR.. Rhee in "going
it alone" This American trained
force has been doing the fighting
while DR.. Rhee has been doing the
talking, and blood -and-thunder
from ROK army leaders like Chief
of Staff Paik Sun Yup has been
notably scarce. If the army de-
cided to go along with its U. N.
comradeS-in- arms in honoring a
truce, DR.. Rhee might find himself
really going it alone.
And for still another, DR., Rhee
has done very well for himself in
building up sympathy in the
United States. He could lose his
gains-which would stand him in
good stead later-by a rash move
now.
So the bet appears to have been
made that when the time comes
to stop the shooting, Syngman
Rhee's army will unload and stack
arms along with the other million
men on the earth's current No. /
battlefront.
Evening star., 1953-06-14
Demonstrations

AS things neared a climax in the
truce tent at Panmunjom, spon-
taneous demonstrations started
breaking out in South Korea's cap
ttal of Seoul.
Actually, the demonstrations
Sere about as spontaneous as the
coronation of Elizabeth ia fact
the Korean National Assembly
took note of when 1t asked the
government to cut down on the
demonstrating for a few days.
Though South Korea has the
trappings Of a Western democracy,
the mailed f1st-often without the
Evening star., 1953-06-14

velvet glove-rules the war-torn
republic. DR.. Rhee is boss. He
speaks for his people, and when he
wants his peoples help to get a
point across, they help.
So when DR.. Rhee's police told
old folks to march, they marched;
when they told young girls to
weep they wept. When sponta-
neous demonstrations were de-
creed, they took place on schedule
quite q few of them right
in front of the 9th Army
press billet so Western newsmen
wouldn't have to inconvenience
themselves to get stories and pic
lures. And when DR.. Rhee told
his people not to molest their
allies, the people milled around
with impeccable regard for the
persons of foreigners. The best
behaved mobs in the world
crowded the streets of Seoul last
week, rioting politely and eff
GENTLY for the benefit of the West.
It is, however, a well-known
shortening of mob inciters that
they frequently get caught up in
their own hysteria. This may have
accounted for some of the i'm
moderate statements being made,
not only by DR.. Rhee himself, but
by his associates as well. Or 1t
may be that the Korean President
was simply sending up some West
ern-style trial balloons.
Slap at Indio
At any rate, some of the talk
around Seoul got pretty explosive.
Some government leaders threat
ened to repel with force of arms
any landing by Indian troops or
as they put it-"any other Com
munist forces"
This sort of talk got the wind
up India. That government ex-
pressed doubt at first whether the
game would be worth the candle,
but then read the POW agreement
and found a safe-conduct guar
antee for all neutral troops.
Switzerland vacillated a bit, too,
on the ground that things would
be unavoidable without South Ko-
rean support, but soon fell back
in line with the other neutrals. =
Evening star., 1953-06-14
France

TT WAS five up and five down in
l. Frances 24-day-old cabinet
crisis last week, and outgoing
Premier Rene Mayer was left still
with his bags packed at lHotel
Matignon, the official residence,
waiting for a successor.
The fifth person to be offered
q chance at the premiership by
President Auriol was Georges BIZ
dault, frequent holder Of the For
eign Minister'S portfolio and twice
Evening star., 1953-06-14
Truce Plan

The matter that had been hold
ing up an armiStice in Korea was
settled last week. In 26 paragraphs,
in 5000 carefully chosen words,
Communist and United Nations
negotiators agreed to an exchange
of prisoners of war.
AS a sop to the Reds, the ex-
change agreement was replete with
references to prisoners who "do not
exercise their right to be repatri-
ated." To the West, this language
referred to men who refuse to go
home. There are more than 48,500
of these, at last count.
But dialectic jargon aside, the
agreement was quite businesSlike,
and apparently workable. Here
are highlights:
. Men willing to 60 home will be
repatriated directly within go days
after armistice.
. Those who refuse to go home
will be turned over to commits
sion made up of Switzerland,
Sweden, Poland, Czechoslovakia
and India, which will begin opera
tion within go days Of truce.
. India alone will furnish guards
for this commission, and equal
STATS no larger than so for each
country may be furnished by the
other four powers.
Q Threats, force and personal
degradation of prisoners will not
be permitted.
. No belligerent forces will be
allowed in POW encampmentS, but
the two sides must keep order in
the areas around prisoner centerS.
. A maximum of Z representatives
per 1000 prisoners will be allowed
access to POWs at stated times
and in the presence of neutral
commission officials, in order to
explain" the advantages Of repa-
triation. Representatives Of the
other side may be present, too.
. Any prisoner who changes his
mind may be sent home without
delay.
. Prisoners who remain adamant
will be relieved of military status
within not more than 120 days.
Efforts will be made to resettle
them in neutral countries, with
the help of the Indian Red Cross.
. Red Cross representatives and
the press will have access to all
POW centers.
With the signatures Of North
Korean Gen. Nam II and American
Lieut.. Gen. william K. Harrison
on this document, only the matter
of a cease-fire line remained to
be settled. This seemed to be no
great stumbling block, the basic
issue having been met a year and
half ago when the first such line
was drawn. Meanwhile, the Reds
hammered away at American and
South Korean positions, apparent
ly in order to get the best possible
Strongholds in hand before the
cease-f1re line Is drawn.
Evening star., 1953-06-14
Italy

A BIG DRAWBACK in leading
N a government of the center
in country of splinter parties
and volatile voters is that there
are two directions in which ones
supporters can desert.
Last week Premier Alcide de
Gasperi was the victim Of just
such q double desertion. His center
coalition lost votes to the left
and to the right, and De Gasperi
Evening star., 1953-06-14

mist East German government and
Bishop Otto G.. Dibelius, head of
the powerful German Protestant
church. The agreement said a
number of harassing actions in
stituted against the church since
January l would be ended:
Members of church organizations
would no longer be prosecuted;
sentences Of jailed pastors would
be reviewed; customary state sub
sides to churches would be re-
sumed; conf1scated property would
be returned; religious instruction
would be restored IN public schools.
The second document was in the
form of a recommendation by the
East German Politburo to the East
German government. Such recon-
mendations are in effect as good as
law.
The Politburo asked that no more
farms be collectivized; private
businessmen be offered state credit;
businessmen forced out by the
Communists be permitted to 60
back into business; refugees be
permitted to return and be given
back their property and full civil
rights; short-term political prison.
ers be released and ration cards be
issued even to Germans out of
favor with the government.
Net effect of the church agree
ment would be to put the churches
back where they were six months
ago-operating !. freely, but still
under the eye of the Communist
government.
Effect of the Politburo recon-
mendations would be to slow down,
but not reverse, the German five
year plan.
What Reds Could Goin
There was no guarantee, of
course, that any of the reforms
actually would take place. But if
they do happen, what could be the
motives of the Russians?
First, such reforms might con-
vince all Germans that unity is
not so wild a dream. This might
draw the West Germans away
from the allies and undercut
Premier Adenauer in the coming
elections.
Second, friendly gestures would
bring German policy in line with
the Soviet peace offensive.
Third, some economic burdens
could be eased. Valuable farm and
factory workers might be induced
to stay in East Germany. Some
refugees might return. Vital busi-
nesses misrun by the Communist
conf1scatorS might be put back on
a sound basis.
Early reaction by the Germans
seemed to be skepticism. They
were familiar with Russian meth
DDS. Most Germans would have
to be shown that long-range So
Wet goals had changed. They
were relieved, however, that some
of the pressures would be eased-
even If only temporarily.
Evening star., 1953-06-14
The Nation

A THOUGH President Eisen-
"A hover was sent to Washington
with a more solid mandate from
the people than any Congressman
could boast, much Of his proposed
Continued on Page A-29.)