davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-09-10
BY Charles E. TroceweN

It is a sight to watch a band Of them
fly from house to the feeding place.
The flutter of wings, and the way
they bank them, to land, would excite
any flying man.
This is flying age, among men and
birds. The person who values the
picturesque in life must often admire
sincerely the flying ability of such
things as pigeons, buzzards and star
lingS.
Here are three sometimes despiSed
birds that nevertheless could give les
sons in flying to almost any other
species. The pigeon is famous aS a
flyer, of course; its homing instinct Is
fabulous. The buzzard is the greatest
Of gliderS. The Starlings engage in
mass flying feats that would cause mod
ern airmen to wish he and his comrades
could act together with such perfection.
A pigeon is not as graceful as a
chickadee, nor as colorful as cardinal.
He fails to manifest the zip Of the blue
Jay or the cuteness Of the titmouSe. He
will never take the place Of the turtle
dove, or of any member of the interest
ing thrush family. His song, such as it
is, scarcely rivals that Of the mocking-
bird. But when it comes to being a
smart, resourceful and intelligent bird,
one able to forage for himself in a
hostile terrain, he must be accorded
the admiration of all persons who wish
to be fair. The terrible truth about to-
day is that so many persons do not wish
to be fair, either about pigeons or any
thing else. All they want to do Is grab
all they can.
Evening star., 1953-09-10
This and That

The trouble comes because the
pigeons are canny with centuries OF
life behind them. They seldom, if ever,
fly right straight down to the food.
In practically every case they lease
the joint" as the crock slang has it.
This means that they fly to the
roof of the house next door.
And that, of course. is where the
trouble comes in, for in an amazing
number of instances the people in the
house next door have no interest what
ever in bird feeding. Why is this?
They resent the long line Of large
birds on their ridgepole, or perched on
cornices and the like.
In time, usually, they begin to
grumble about it.
Then the bird feeder is left with
nothing to do but give up feeding en-
tirely, because as long as there is a
grain put out the pigeons will come.
They have long memories, and often
send out, If we may say so, a scout or
two, that perch somewhere in the
neighborhood- on the house
next door-to look the situation over.
Whether they send back messages OF
any kind is unknown, but it is fact
that as soon as food appears. the
number of pigeons begins to grow again.
Sometimes it will take as much as
month to reduce the numbers to zero,
and this without any food being put out
at all.
Pigeons are persistent, all right.
They also are among the worlds
finest flyers.
Evening star., 1953-09-10

engage in every form Of graft, dis
courtesy, and outright slander. They
are too busy denouncing one another
or making wild unprincipled statements
in the hope of reelection to seriously
set about making themselves fit ex-
anples for us.
Most important Of all, as we boys
get older we know that the time is
drawing near when we must serve in
the armed services. Yet the U. N. for
whom we were fighting in Korea is
blasted as a worthless organization by
the same men who support UNIT and/or
the draft. The other nations Of the
world are denounced as unreliable and
anti-American. Nevertheless, we are
aware of the fact that at any time
we may be sent to defend them in mill
tary action, and despite all the speeches
calling the reasons for which we are
sent forth to fight wrong and bad, we
are supposed to maintain the same
amount of faith in the purposes of
militarization. We can look at the
dreadful cost Of the Korea war, and
then read the statements Of generals
who directed much of the fighting tell
ing us the slaughter could have been
ended months ago. Yet with serious
face the Government calls upon US to
give our blood-and even our lives, in
order to maintain false war boom to
keep the home voters content.
Each day we hear and read about
the millions of dollars poured into every
country In the world, yet we ourselves
find schools disgracefully overcrowded
and in need of repair, extracurricular
programs drastically cut. and recreation
facilities curtailed because, for some
unfathomable reason, there is no money
available to spend on such activities.
A question: What entertainment is
provided in the summer during the
evening for teen-agers? A good number
of us find employment throughout the
day, thus making it necessary to do our
socializing at night. The contention
that youngsters-and by any standards
other than our own, we are that
should stay at home at night, fails to
take into account the natural urge
which is inherent with our youth to
fraternize. This being the case, it
seems obvious that a greater effort
should be made to provide the channels
through which to guide such enthusi-
asm to the proper places.
In summation, one can draw few
simple conclusions: The apathy Of the
American public toward the graft and
corruption which run so rampant is
passed on to my generation, which
notes the success Of illegality, and sees
appreciation for this method Of "easy
money; the resentment which we feel
when we are castigated for doing the
very things our elders do, or for wasting
our time when there is comparatively
Evening star., 1953-09-10
Supreme Court Vacancy

The President, in filling the Supreme Court
vacancy resulting from the death of Chief
Justice Fred M. Vinson, will make one Of his
most important decisions since taking the oath
of Office For the nature of his choice can be
expected to have an important bearing on the
complexion of the judiciary under Republi-
can administration.
Judging from the names which have figured
most prominently in the speculation as to the
identity of the probable nominee, there seems
to be an assumption that the President will be
governed primarily in his choice by desire to
reward some one for valued political service.
There certainly is nothing new, nor Is there
necessarily anything wrong, in treating judicial
appoint ntments as a reward for political service.
Political considerations played conspicuous
part in the selection of number Of judges
serving on the Federal bench today, and some
Of them have proved to be very fine judges
indeed.
There is another form of service, however,
which is entitled to consideration in making
an appointment of this kinda great deal
more consideration, one is tempted to say, than
it has received in times past. And this Is
service on the bench.
The late Chief Justice had served for some
five years on the United States Court Of Appeals
for the District, resigning from that court for
about three years of service with the executive
branch prior to his appointment to the Supreme
Court. Justice Minton served for about eight
years on the bench Of the Seventh Circuit
Court before being named to the Supreme
Court. With these exceptions, however, no
member of the Supreme Court had any signif-
cant judicial experience. before his appointment.
This is not intended as any reflection on
these justices. It seems rather evident, however,
that long and often very distinguished service
in the lower courts has seldom been treated
as a basis for reward and has received little
consideration when Supreme Court appoint
mentS were under study.
That this is a situation which falls short
of the ideal requires no argument. In the
case of the Chief Justiceship, especially judicial
training and experience are exceedingly i'm
portant. So it may be hoped that the President,
when he gets down to the difficult matter of
choosing successor to the late Chief Justice,
will give at least as much weight to judicial
service as to political service in making up his
mind.
Evening star., 1953-09-10
They Never Can Be Sure

It is safe to assume that 28-year-old Jan
Haidukiewicz underwent a most thorough in
vestigation before the Communists in Warsaw
decided to send him to Korea as an interpreter
attached to the Polish aggregation on the
neutral" four-nation truce inspection team.
It is safe to assume, too, that they found him
above and beyond suspicion-a young man who
could be counted upon not to go haywire or do
anything likely to embarraSs the world behind
the Iron Curtain. How painful it must be,
therefore for them to hear now that he has
bolted from them to seek and receive asylum
from the bourgeois, decadent, imperialist-
capitalist Americans.
In all probability the Communists will pro-
test this incident They may even try to make
it appear that Jan Hajdukiewicz has been
kidnapped by our representatives or otherwise
terrorized into doing what he has done. But
he himself has said things that no amount OF
Red propaganda will be able to counter. He
has sought refuge among us because he is
"afraid" of them he has fed from them be-
cause, as he has put it, "It's my last chance
last chance to be free, last chance to escape
their oppression, last chance to get out OF the
terrible and terrifying darkness Of their world
into the sunlight of ours, into the clear, clean,
non-frightening air Of liberty.
There have been numerous such escapes
DefOre, DuL 1eW QulCe ike CIllS-Ae" AIVoAsMs oAA
individual carefully screened for fidelity to the
Communist cause, carefully screened to guar
antee that the Reds on the neutral Korean
truce team would be wonderfully regimented
wonderfully faithful to the Marxist line, won
derfully pleasing to the men of the Kremlin.
But young Jan Hajdukiewicz has upset all this
with his little, but yet very big, personal de-
cision-his dramatically nervous appeal for
freedom, and his flight to it. Never has there
been better example of why the Soviet Union
and its puppets must be forever uncertain about
the loyalty of every man, woman and child
trapped in the world behind the Iron Curtain.
The thing speaks for itself. How can any
tyranny be genuinely strong, or sure Of itself,
when it must reckon-by day and by night all
the time-with masses of people who hope only
for last chance" to flee from 1t or for some
sudden opportunity to tear it apart?
Evening star., 1953-09-10

co-operated In such an inquiry without having
their lying and their cruelty exposed before the
whole world.
Yet despite all this, and despite the testi-
mony of the liberated airmen who confessed" !"
the Communists can be counted upon to con-
tinue turning the truth upside down in this
as in most other matters. Duplicity, bad faith,
mendacity, lack of humaneness- these are part
Of their nature, things inherent in their philos-
ophy, the weapons they use in their drive for
world domination. Small wonder that there is
precious little optimism about how they are
likely to act at the political conference on Korea.
Evening star., 1953-09-10
The CSC Gets Touqh

The Civil Service Commissions decision to
take stern action in defense of displaced career
employees of the Government comes at a critical
time. Recent reduction I'M force orders have
undermined personnel morale to such an extent
that Federal efficiency has been impaired. The
career service has been especially affected
Many career employees who had been led to
believe that they would be the last to be fired
in any retrenchment program have found
themselves suddenly without jobs, while newer
workers in a temporary status continued at
work and even were promoted. If this trend
were to spread, the civil service system would
be in danger of collapse.
Most of the trouble has arisen from an
evident reluctance on the part of Federal per-
sonnel supervisors to reduce the number of
Temporary indefinite" employees in order to
make room for displaced careerists from other
agencies But unless this is done, grave in
Justice will result for thousands of veteran,
employees with fine records of service who have
been forced off the payroll by economy moves.
The Civil Service Commission already had ad-
viSed the departments to give preference to
career employees in filling vacancieS-and to
make vacancies when necessary by releasing
temporary workers. However, this advice has
been pretty generally ignored, and the recall
citrant supervisors have been getting away with
their defiance of the commission.
From now on the situation will be differ
ent-provided the Civil Service Commission
carries out its threat to enforce its orders under
q new get-tough policy. Agencies whose off,
cials fail to cooperate in the unemployment
program may be prevented from paying
temporary indefinite employees whose jobs might
better be filled by permanent civil service
workers The stop-pa plan would be used only
rs last resort. It would require cooperation
Of the Controller General, who has full author
ity to Withhold salaries of employees improperly
on the payroll. A less drastic enforcement step
would be the cancellation of the right to pro-
mote, denote or reaSsign indefinite employees.
The time allowed each agency to make room
within its own organization for career employees
caught in a reduction-in-forc operation will
be reduced. DismiSSals will be permitted only
when it can be shown that there are no vacan-
cieS available and that none can be created by
diSmiSsing temporary workers.
Thus, the commission has raised a club
over the heads of the departments and agencies
that should bring about better compliance with
civil service policies designed to build and main
tain a strong and efficient career service. If
the commission shows by its posture that it
means to use the club effectively where needed,
the necessary cooperation will be forthcoming.
An announcement by President Eisenhower
that he strongly supports the new policy would
be helpful Drastic action is essential If the
present crisis facing the Federal establishment
is to be met satisfactorily.
Evening star., 1953-09-10
To the Traveller

When Intervening miles haze multiplied
BettDeen Us taDo, and this familiar
place
Fades In dream perspective ON the tDide
Arc of earth and ocean: tnhen no trace
Remains of me except pGrched ink
Mumn,ifed tDtthip its Girborne SEroud.
1t aDeH may be that you tOill neUer think
OF one so hidden By the distant cloud.
So do not think Rather, feel me near.
Beholdtng through your eyes the strange
the neD,
The loUely things that both of US hold
dear.
Pray, do not think beyond that present
Uie1U
OF my unreal and alien counterpart.
Find my identity i0ithin your heart.
Alice Diley.
Evening star., 1953-09-10
Pen-nanpes may be used If letters carry
aUriterS' correct names and addresses.
ALL letters are subject to condensation.
| letters to The Star.

ing against misused police power which
constitutes an invasion Of individual
privacy On the other hand, the protec-
ton of much Of the civil rights set
forth in law Is only as effective as the
performance Of investigative agencies
who are carrying out their duty.
In this connection, the FB1 deserves
commentator for the fulf1lment Of its
obligation to investigate alleged VIOLA
ton Of civil rights statutes upon direc-
ton by the Justice Department. Those
who are attacking the FBI for fulfilling
such an obligation are attacking
process fundamental to our democratic
society-that of an inveStigative agency
supporting rule of law.
Patrick Murphy Malin,
Executive Director, American Civil
Liberties Union.
X
One of the reasons we admire The
Star is because it is aware Of the spir-
itual reality Of the community. 1t rec
ognizeS that the progress of a COM
munity requires the moral initiative Of
friendly neighbors rather than outside
coercion. 1t was, therefore, not great
surprise to us that your newspaper
would be inclined to be sympathetic to
the stress on local autonomy made by
the Governors against the FBI.
However, we face the legal and spir-
itual fact Of the larger American COM
munity and the Federal structure Of its
government with delegated powers
coming from the consent Of the Amer
lean people. Unless we recognize the
primacy Of Federal legal decision in
the field Of civil rights, and the duty
of law enforcement agencies to enforce
the law, the entire moral structure Of
the Federal Union would collapse.
I, therefore, believe that the Gov
ernors and your editorial, "The Gov
ernors and the FBI," have come to the
wrong conclusion, even though partially
for the right reasons. The FBI should
not be criticized but commended for its
enforcement, as the agent of the De-
partment of Justice, of the Federal
laws. The FBI is not meddling but do
ing it's duty; which it cannot evsde
without destroying the constitutional
safeguards of the liberties Of the land.
John Edgar Hoover is remarkable
man of great rectitude, who has proven
himself just and sound in accord with
the moral requirements Of our demo-
cratic tradition. In this matter he has
indeed stated the issue eloquently when
he said: when the FBI can enforce
the law Of its choosing we will have a
Evening star., 1953-09-10
The Governors and the FBI'

The recent criticism made by various
State Governors of FBI civil rights in
vestigationS has created, in some quar-
ters, confused thinking about these
inquiries, which was manifested in your
editorial, 1.-THE Governors and the
FBI," in your September l issue.
In your editorial you claim lack OF
FBI jurisdiction in a matter dealing
with the mistreatment of a Virginia
State prisoner. Accordingly. it might be
we'll to quote the text OF the civil
rights statute, Section 43 of Title OF
the United States Code, which reads
as follows: Every person who, under
color of any statute, ordinance, regula-
ton, custom. or usage, OF any State or
Territory, subjects or causes to be sub
jected, any citizen of the United States
or other person within the jurisdiction
thereof to the deprivation Of any rights,
privileges, or immunities secured by the
Constitution and laws, shall be liable
to the party injured in an action at
law, suit in equity. or other proper pro-
ceeding for redress
It is clear that such feloniouS as
sault by State officer might constitute
a deprivation of prisoners due proc
ess, or a violation of his constitutional
privileges and immunitieS, within the
purview of the fourteenth amendment.
To deny a person such protection
would fly in the face Of the Federal
statute.
Mention should be made Of the fact
that only small fraction Of the COM
plants which are made Of civil rights
violations are investigated. And from
our experience in dealing with these
matters, we know the FBI will not
initiate an investigation unless an ap-
parent case Of civil rights violation has
been demonstrated.
Basic to any society which cherishes
individual civil liberties is the concept
of rule by law. rather than rule by men.
Observance of this cardinal principle
has made our democratic society the
baStion of free men throughout the
world. In the present controversy, the
protection accorded individuals is part
Of the organic law of our country. the
Federal Constitution.
The impartial and arbitrary
application of the law is only effective
if aided by investigative machinery
which is major part of the enforce
ment of such application. It is true
that those devoted to protection Of our
civil liberties must be vigilant in guard
Evening star., 1953-09-10
NAyEk WH1aF MT RklNHNhn

believe you should wage campaign
or perhaps better word would be cru
sade-to eradicate the factors contrib
uting to delinquency, to instill within
my generation q sense Of community
responsibility, coupled with the feeling
that we are wanted by the community.
We would like to be able to feel that
we are not tolerated as pesky nuisanceS
-abided by only because in few years
we can be sent of to war-but rather
that as a group we are wanted and can
be Of use not only to the Nation by
bearing arms, but to our States and
home towns or cities.
LyttOn w. Herman,
President, Student Council, Sanford
Preparatory School, HockesSin,
Del.
Evening star., 1953-09-10
The Germ-Worfore Confessions

During their monStrouS propaganda cam
paign accusing the United States of waging
germ warfare against Red China and North
Korea, the Communists used every available
means to publicize a series of confessions"
signed by number of captured American air
men, These airmen now have been returned
to freedom, and their first interviews serve as
yet another grim measure of how british is the
enemy with whom we must negotiate at the
forthcoming Korean political conference.
For the interviews amply confirm what the
free world has taken for granted all along
That is to say, they confirm the fact that the
Communists, after having decided to make the
most of their colossal lie about germ warfare,
systematically set about the task of buttreSSing
that lie by extorting confessions" from Ameri-
can flyers taken prisoner after their bombers
and fighters had been shot down. To that end,
the victimized airmen were subjected to inter-
minable day-and-night questioning, solitary
confinement, Sickening medical mistreatment,
starvation rations, death threats, exposure to
extremes of temperature, and numerous other
forms Of refined and unre1ned physical, mental
and spiritual torment.
It is not surprising that this kind of bru-
tality-which continued reentlessly for weeks
and months and in some cases until almost the
moment of liberation-Succeeded in breaking
about Is of our flyers, forcing them in due
course to confess" Certain of these men are
said to feel sense of heavy guilt for having
thus lent their names to the enemys lie, but
they can rest assured that they have the SYM
pathetic understanding of the Nation The
Nation, after all, can well appreciate the suf-
fering they must have endured before finally
yielding to their Communist tormentors by
writing and signing the so-called "confes-
sions"-"confeSsions" which they did their best
to word in such way as to make the fraud
involved more or less self-evident to the outside
world.
Actually, of course, it is not on the signers,
but on the enemy who tortured them into
signing, that these confessions" reflect dis
credit, and much worse than discredit For
they constitute an important part of the volu-
rninous evidence of how vilely mendacious and
inhumane the Communists have been in the
conduct of their criminal aggression in Korea.
That is why Peiping and Pyongyang, with the
full support of the Kremlin's veto, fatty re-
iected repeated moves by the overwhelming
majority of the United Nations to conduct
an impartial inquiry into the germ warfare
charges; quite obviously they could not have
Evening star., 1953-09-10

r HAVE noticed with great interest
i the increasing amount Of air time
and newspaper space being devoted to
the problem of juvenile delinquency.
Each day the police are lauded for their
new breakdown on the gangs and mobs
engaged in various delinquent activities.
Editorials urge the apprehension and
punishment of these youths who are
menaces to the safety and well-being
Of the other citizens Of the community.
Yet in not one instance have found
any comment on the causes Of this
greater outbreak of lawlessness other
Evening star., 1953-09-10
Mulnutrition

DR.. Cavanaugh of Cornell University
says there is only one major disease
malnutrition; every other afliction
stems from it..
This should be printed and placed in
a prominent place where legislators,
farmers and every person could be re-
minded of it often.
The Star on August II said the farm
ers are going to hire additional public
relation experts to get their story over
to the public. What really is needed is
for the public to get their story over to
the farmers. the Agriculture Depart
ment and our legislators.
I.C.M.
Evening star., 1953-09-10

gestapo. and I will not permit the bu-
reau to be a party to that repugnant
un-American tyranny"
Norman GerStenfeld.
Editors note: The editorial did not
claim that the FBI lacked "jurisdic-
ton" in the legal sense. It did say that
when a State has taken appropriate
action, the FBI has no business inter-
fering and the Federal Government
should keep out.)