davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-01-21

sionS. Miss KENNEDY.
Sessions will be held from 9:30
am. to 3 pm. daily on this
schedule:
Tomorrow and Friday, Roose-
velt, Thirteenth and Upshur
streets NV.
Monday and Tuesday, Stanton
School, Naylor road and Ala
bama avenue Sc.
Thursday, January 20, Ray
mond School, Tenth street and
Spring road NV.
The sessions at Roosevelt are
intended primarily for PTA
members in the Northwest and
Northeast sections. Those at
Stanton will be for those in the
Southwest and Southeast. The
Thursday meetings will be for
board members of the District
congress only.
Lunch will be available for
those attending.
Evening star., 1953-01-21
Most Of Soviet Bloc
Pays Up U. n. Dues;
Others in Arrears
BY the Assoeioted Press

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.
Jan. 21-United Nations mem
bers wound up 1852 still owing
more than S. million on their
budget assessments. The Soviet
bloc got most of its arrears paid
up before the year was out.
Russia paid off $2,394. 1868 due
on its 1852 assessment in Decem-
ber, statement by the U. N.
budget division showed yester-
day. The act lent support to
those who say that Russia and
her satellites show no signs of
quitting the U. N. The total
Russian contribution for the year
was $4.229,590. The paid up
United States contribution was
$15,844,860.
Poland was paid up last No
vember. The Soviet Ukraine
turned in it's balance of 1928, 1926
and White Russia paid in $82, 1898
before the year ended. Czecho-
slovakia was the only one of the
bloc left with a balance this
month, a total of $61,811.
OF the $5,226.718 still owed by
members on the 1852 budget at
the end Of the year, Nationalist
China's $2.392,487 was the big
gest item. Its $2,431,192 was
also the biggest item in the
$3,376,288 total arrears in the
U. MS 1851 budget. China paid
in $50.000 of its contribution last
year, but still owes a total of
$4,773,679 for 1872.
Argentina still owes $625, ,736
on its 1851 budget. Twenty
on its 1852 budget. Twenty
seven other nations are on the
arrears list for 1852.
Evening star., 1953-01-21
Islands OFF Venezuela

CARACAS.-Located about 50
miles off the coast Of Venezuela
are the Islands of Aruba. Bon
aire and Curacao with a COM
bined area Of about 354 square
miles, according to present esti-
mates.
Evening star., 1953-01-21

School.
T h e inSti-
tute is spon-
sored by the
District Con-
gress of Par
ent = Teacher
A S s o c / a.
tionS. Miss
D e m q Ken
nedy, consult
ant to the Ma
tion n al PTA
Congress, will
lecture an d
lead discus
Evening star., 1953-01-21
PTA Opens Institute
On Leadership Here

A f1ve-day leadership training
institute for parent-teacher as
ISOLATION members will begin
tomorrow at Roosevelt High
Evening star., 1953-01-21

the extra lulclneSs, the extra
thin skins of Florida fruit.)
Know how much juice you're
buying. You get as much juice
per pound from small oranges
as from large ones: every pound
of Florida oranges gives at least
seven ounces of juice! Handy
way to buy is a big bag if you
shop once a week.
Evening star., 1953-01-21

heavier the orange
the more juice.
The heaviest
oranges have thin
skins-more
room inside for
juice. FLORIDA =
growers take Y
special pride in
Evening star., 1953-09-28
Dorothy Thompson-
Sober Realism Begins to Unfold
Dynamic Approaches to Our Foreign Policy Give Way
To an Attitude More in Keeping With U. S. Capacities

ly Of the holy crusade. The
President is a general, and
generals, far more than civil
ians, are cautious about under
taking actions that may pre-
cipitate wars, unless they are
more than reasonably certain
OF just how they can be won.
Civilian politicians are usually
more bellicose than soldiers.
If Hitler had listened to his
general staff it is unlikely that
there would have been a Sec
ond World War. Actually he
had to force the resignation of
its top members before he
could get en- with his plans.
But at any rate it has been
patiently clear for the past
months that no coalition of the
free nations could be created
behind the policy which the
election campaign seemed to
promise. The Arab-Asiap bloc
did not bulge from its neu-
tralist position; Britain made
overtures to explore, at least,
whether a modus vivendi could
be found with the Soviet Union
under its new leadership;
Chancellor Adenauer sought to
calm Soviet fears; and France
continued to pursue the policy
of avoiding a policy.
think it unlikely that a
modus vivendi will be found
with the Russians, but it is
nevertheless possible that the
point of highest tension may
have passed as both sides take
account of sober realities.
The present Russian govern
ment is not strong nor is its
internal position consolidated.
The policy, since the begin
ming of the Stain regime, of
concentrating all energies on
producing capital goods, leav-
ing those who produce them
without adequate food, cloth
Evening star., 1953-09-28

Malenkov that the Soviet
Union has the hydrogen bomb
the fight made by the Demo-
Gratis for a stronger air force
is now more than justified.
This leads to speculation as
to the 1854 congressional elec-
tionS.
The chances look good for
a substantial Democratic ma
jority in the House and for a
Democratic Senate.
The following are, some of
the reasons:
While. President Eisenhower
was elected in 1852 the vote
clearly showed the people did
not want to depart from the
policies of the Democratic
Party. There were 221 Repub-
lican members of the House
elected. 213 Democrats and one
independent member, the lat
ter being a Democrat.
If the people had turned
against the Democratic Party,
with EiSenhower's plurality
well over 6 million votes, in
stead of 213, the Democratic
membership would be not
much more than 100 mem
bers. Furthermore, throughout
the country, the Democratic
candidates polled more votes
than Republicans did.
Without criticism of the
present Republican admins
tration developing and oper-
ating in the 1854 elections the
Democrats will have excellent
chances Of carrying the House
of Representatives. For politi-
cal history shows in an off,
presidential year the minority
party makes gains. It will only
take a change of five seats for
Democratic control. However,
the justif1able criticisms aris-
ing from Republican policies
to date which will probably in
crease rather than decrease,
in my opinion will result in a
Democratic House of from 80
to As majority, and of Demo-
cratic Senate.
1t Is apparent that the cam
paien promises of a balanced
budget, Of reduced taxes and
OF stronger national defense
will not be carried out even in
Evening star., 1953-09-28
Year Of Trade Adjustment
Economic Changes SO Far Are Considered Correction
In Business Activity Which Will Prevent q Recession

Economic Club Of Detroit a
week ago. He told of a restau-
rant owner who was complain
ing that business had fallen off
whereupon the customer re-
marked that he noticed that a
dozen or more people were be-
ing turned away that very
noon hour. To this the res
taurant proprietor replied:
"Oh, but a year ago was
turning away three times that
many"
Plainly the backlog of orders
in many an industry is down
but this is only one of the
many signs that demand and
supply are adjusting them
selves to normal procedures.
AS long as prices are going up
and there's a chance of short
ages due to Government buy
ing in a war emergency, the
temptation of the manu-
facturer is to stock up his
inventory and tie up cash that
should be used in other di-
rections or conserved. The
other extreme happens too,
as inventories tend to be re-
duced too much after supply
is abundant. Then plant strikes
or transportation tie-ups or
International emergencies make
the buyer wish he had kept
up his inventories.
During a period of read
justment" resourcefulneSS is
stimulated and efficiency on
the cost side becomes impera-
tive. Inducements begin to
be made by sellers to bring
about an increased volume of
sales for products now in full
supply. An example is the
trend in the steel industry
just now Northumberland
the absorption of some freight
delivery charges at certain
mills so as to meet competi-
ton. This reduces the net
cost to fabricators without
disturbing the general price
structure but it is a signifi-
cant form of inducement to
increase sales.
There can be no doubt that
a peak has been reached in
the operation of many phases
of our national economy Thus
wage levels have for a time
at least hit the top. Labor
union strategists now will think
more about the possible effects
of unemployment on their
members than about more
Evening star., 1953-09-28
Fletcher Knebel-
Potomac Fever

The United States and Spain defense
They can't Americans of lot of
cheap dcators sideeach gets more expensive
Agriculture Secretary orders investigation of
middemen profits in meat prices Any found who's
enough to make profit under this administration will be
rushed to Washngton-and offered the cabinet.
Both parties demand the credit the January
tax Republicans claim it weren't
be tax cu-and Democrats claim it
wouldn't be tax to cut.
Congressman hail the Spanish States defense
pact It's $3.50 DEAL The Spanish empty
spaces-we hand blank checks.
Democratic Congressman Heller Brooklyn says
have law to make every adult blood You'll never
have to sweat blood under the Democra-not they
it away from you first. ...t%
The Federal courts
stacked up on the docketS What this needs
activity by the judgeSand fewer motions by the lawyers
An Indian general quets rong Chinese prisoners
by accusing them of bad Strange
Over here of except
with reservations preferably in the hospital
Evening star., 1953-09-28
By Representative
John w. Mccormack

The Democratic Party, while
in the minority in Congress, is
nevertheless the party of re-
sponsibility. Instead Of adopt
ing the course of blind oppo-
sition" followed by the Repub-
lican Party during the pre-
vious 20 years, the Democratic
Party has been a forward
looking, constructive force and
influence.
AS Gov. Adlai Stevenson said
recently upon his return from
abroad. the record of the Dem
ocratic Party in the past Ses-
sion of Congress has been op-
position at its best"
While the record of the past
session of this Congress is
meaningless so far as Repub-
licans carrying out their cam
paign promises are concerned,
it does show a divided Repub-
lican Party unable to function
as a majority party. 1t was only
due to Democratic support
the few good achievements
were accomplished such as pre-
venting sharp reductions in
foreign aid; extension of the
reciprocal trade agreements
law; defeat of the Simpson
high tariff bill: passage of the
refugee bill; extension of ex-
cess profits tax strongly recon-
mended by President Eisen-
hover; wheat for PakiStan;
extension of reorganization law
providing for a congressional
veto by a constitutional major
ity instead of a simple major
ity as agreed to by President
Eisenhower with his congress
sional leaders. It is amusing to
note the emphasis placed by
Republicans on the passage of
appropriations bills. Any Con-
gress has to pass such bills.
In view of the statement by
Evening star., 1953-09-28

wage boosts which tend to
force manufacturing costs so
high as to cause demand to
fall off still more. This would
mean reduced production and
employment because of les
Sened demand caused by price
resistance.
At the present time the un-
employment figure for the
Nation, relatively speaking, Is
not high at all though there
are some spots slightly above
the average. Where obsolete
plants are being abandoned
or overtime is being eliminated
the readjustment is already in
full swing.
Many workers have so ac-
customed themselves to the
idea that their time-and-a-
half pay for overtime work is
permanent that they will have
to adjust their household
spending accordingly. Loss
only of overtime compensation,
however. is a far cry from
loss OF wages in total dnem-
ployment. Incidentally, what
might have been a severe cut
in purchasing pow n nationally
due to loss of overtime pay
has been Offset to some extent
by the steady increases in
hourly rates for straight time
in recent months.
Appraisals of the business
situation are made more diff
f1cult in the face of uncer-
tainties whether artificially
created or spontaneously oc-
curing. The administration
has underestimated the effects
OF its own vacillation in
policies as a psychological
factor in business conditions
especially in the matter of
business planning on future
tax rates.
The readjustment process
under way now may take an
other year to complete. It is
quite possible that the recent
decline on the stock market
is more of a reflection of what
has been happening inside
business for several months
now-and only lately brought
into perspective - than an
augury of what is going to
happen.
The "readjustment" period,
as a whole, is a healthy one
and it will tend to avoid and
prevent a general recession.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1953-09-28
David lawrence
Economic historians, looking

Economic historians, looking
back on the year 1853, will
probably call it the beginning
Of a period of "readjuStment."
For the word recession"
doesn't accurately describe
what has happened already nor
what is likely to happen in the
coming months.
The change going on at pres
ent-indeed, it began months
ago-is not general as happens
in a recession" when nearly
every industry is affected and
when it is possible to measure
declines on a broad percentage
basis. There are, for example
industrieS-like textiles-which
have already gone through
their painful period of read
justment and emerged on the
upward side. The chances are
the readjustment will affect
different industries at different
times-not all of them at the
same time.
This particular change-over
If it really has a parallel at
all - resembles more closely
than anything else the read
justment that showed up early
in 1921 and took about 18
months to complete. 1t was the
first economic readjustment of
major Importance following the
close of World War I.
1t looks now as if 1853. for
instance, based on total busi-
ness activity, will turn out to
be the highest year in our his
tory, and the estimates are that
the year 1854 will come out as
the second best year. This
means that 1854 will be better
than 1851 or 1952-both of
which were high years. At the
bottom of the decline toward
the end of 1854, it is expected
that business activity may
touch the 1852 level. The de-
cline in total business activity
as between this year and next
is expected to be around 9 per
cent. Measured by the output
Of industry alone, there will be
a smaller dip than any pre-
vious downward curve-Small-
er even than the rundown in
1949.
Perhaps the best Illustration
OF this point is a story told by
BENJAMIN Fairless, president
of the United States Steel
Corp, in a speech before the
Evening star., 1953-09-28

ing, or shelter cannot be con-
tinued, or certainly cannot bs
intensified, by a regime that
lacks Stalin's monolithic power
and must therefore make some
effort to be popular.
The turnover of administra-
tors in Georgia, the Ukraine,
and the Baltic states is a sign
of instability, and so (although
they have been exaggerated by
propaganda) are the popular
demonstrations in Czecho-
Slovakia and East Germany.
In any case, the satellites are an
increasing economic liability
to the Soviet Union. The once
great food-exporting countries,
Hungary and Romania, are
unable. even, to feed them
selves, and as military allies,
in case of war, all satellites
are dubious. Y
There is therefore every rea-
son why Soviet leaders should
wish, If they can find a way
out, to retrench and con-
centrate on the internal prob
lens of the Soviet Union itself.
All great wars promote
revolutionary dreams Of a
new and better world" espe-
cially when their. aims are
theological and unlimited. But
gradually realities begin to re-
assert themselves. such as the
tenacity of national charac-
terS, inherent conflicts of in
terest. limitations on the
power to govern or lead beyond
certain limits, and the choice
between guns and butter.
There is a letdown in realiz-
ing that all the blood and
treasure expended in the hope
of a final solution has not
achieved it.
But in life there are no final
solutions. The biblical mill
lenium, we might remember,
comedies with the end of this
world.
Evening star., 1953-09-28
Credits Democrats With Assist
Republican Disuniy Prevents Real Majority Leadership
And Aid Of Opposition EnobIed Coins. Soys Critic

fiscal year 1855. The reduction
in appropriations for the
armed services. particularly our
air force, is a calculated risk
taken by the present admini-
Stration that all of us hope
will not be harmful to our
country That question alone
depends on the course Com
munisr leaders in the Kremlin
may take.
The increase in interest
rates. which was unnecessary,
and which will >cost Federal,
State and local governments as
well as individuals and private
business. at least So billion
more each year has already
created justif1able criticism,
which criticism will grow be-
tween now and the 1854 elec-
tionS.
The change of policy In re-
lation to conservation of nat.
ural resources and the devel-
opment of public power will
play an important part in the
coming campaign in a large
section of our country.
The condition of agriculture
of the rural vote-is an addi-
tional factor. There is no ques-
tion but what criticism is
growing and in all probability
will continue to grow among
the farmers
The promise of higher prices
for the farmer and lower prices
for the consumer has failed.
Republicans talked a lot in
recent years about "the So
cent Democratic dollar" We
now have "the Accent Repub-
lican dollar"
While our situation in the
field of foreign affairs has de-
Perforated since January 20,
shall refrain from discussing
it because we are all hoping
for the best. However, can
not see where the Democrats
will suffer in 1854 in this field.
Looking forward to the elec-
tions of 1854, it appears now q
good probability there will bs
a Democratic trend, with both
branches Of the Congress DEM
ocratic and with the House
safely so.
Evening star., 1953-09-28

resenting a need that seems a
long way off. But with older
citizens approaching the re-
tirement time of life, who an
ticipate many more years, the
issue has compelling force.
The percentage of our popula-
ton IS years of age and over
has greatly increased, and the
ratio will grow. This has come
to be not only one of our ma
jor national problems in socis
adjustment. but it has created,
as we'll, a political reservoir of
which candidates for Office are
more and more conscious, from
city council to Congress and
the White House.
That was demonstrated,
though it got little attention,
when the reinvigorated lobby
of the reviving Townsend Old
Age Pension movement in
duced, or frightened, 156 mem
bers Of the House of Repre-
SentativeS last session to sign
a petition to bring the Town
send Plan bill before that
body. 1t requires 218 to force
a bill to the floor. That's a
majority.
It was DR.. Francis Town
send and his threatening army
of old folks who pushed the
Roosevelt administration and
Congress to enact the original
social security law in 1885
ahead of it's scheduled time.
DOC" Townsend was regarded
as an old man then. Now he's
86-and still at it with his
scheme for a gross transactions
tax to finance pensions which
Evening star., 1953-09-28
Dorothy Thompson

The most important de-
velopment during the Eisen-
hover administration has been
in the field of foreign policy
where this administration is
now pursuing a more conser-
vative line than its predecessor.
By a conservative" line. I
mean one more in keeping
with american economic
capacities, military possibili-
ties, political and traditional
postureS.
The administration did not
begin that way. During the
election campaign, Republican
leaders advocated a more
dynamic" policy, spoke of
liberation" and roll back"
rather than containment,
seemed to invite the world to
a global holy crusade against
Red sin, and condemned the
very idea that large and i'm
portant areas of the world
might not wish to be asso-
ciated in military pacts with
either the American or Rus
sian blocS.
This program was associated
with promises to reduce spend
ing and begin to balance the
budget, quite evidently a con-
tradiction in terms.
The contradiction naturally
alarmed our European allies
who could not reconcile a more
dynamic foreign policy with
the prospect of decreased mill
tary and economic aid.
I doubt whether President
Eisenhower ever thought high
Evening star., 1953-09-28
Thomos 1. Stokes
Social Security Gains Expected
Political Considerations Seen Spurne Congress to Act
On Measure Affectino Millions of EIoc+oro+o
Thomas L. Stokes

Developing circumstances
seem to assure Mrs. Oveta
Culp Hobby, Secretary of
Health, Education and We'll
fare. Of her wish expressed be-
fore the American Federation
of Labor convention that ex-
pansion of the social security
system be one of the first mat
terS taken up by Congress
when it resumes in January.
Furthermore. it might be
safely forecast, without too
much risk, that a revised and
amended social security law
will come from the 83rd Con-
greSS before 1t adjournS, in
cluding greatly extended COW
0rage. A.
Paramount are political
considerations. The Republi-
can Party needs q record on
social ga1nS"-wh1ch PreSi-
dent Eisenhower promised to
preServe-to take before the
voters in next years congress
sional elections. Social secu-
rity fits the bill. It Is thought
Of first when social gains"
are mentioned, perhaps be-
cause it was among the earliest
Of the New Deal social welfare
galaxy. It affects many mil
lions Of citizens-voters also.
1t Is safe and respectable, un-
like health insurance and pub
lie housing. because there is
hardly anybody who quarrelS
with the principle any more,
though there is plenty of criti-
cism of details of its operation.
80 With younger voters, of
course, the issue still is theo-
retical and philosophical, rep
Evening star., 1953-09-28

problem is leadership and it
is developing; Italy can and
will make a valuable contrihu-
ton to NATO,
Italians, of course, are in
ventive and her factories in
the north are famous. Efforts
are being made here to get
military production but the
problems are obvious. For a
very long time the heavy and
complicated weapons of mod
ern war will be chiefly made
for the West in the United
States.
The road to Rome is uphill.
The clear-cut solutions dear
to Americans are not to be
found here. The basic deci-
sion remains whether the ef-
fort should be made. If the
answer continues to be yes,
the motto must be that of a
famous American of Italian
descent. the late Mayor La
'Guardia: Patience and forti-
tude.
Meanwhile it might pay to
be alert at home to certain
practical things that can be
done. A delegation from the
Italian Chamber of Deputies
will shortly visit Washington.
II they were going to Moscow
they would, of course, be widely
feted. But there are no United
States Government funds
available for that purpose and
private citizens must assume
the responsibility if it is done.
Ambassador Luce hopes they
will.