davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15
By Fronk 1. White


has been unequal and has been
accompanied by a persistent dollar
deficit abroad. From 1916 to 1852
the deficit of the rest of the world
with the United States was about
$50 billion. About 81 billion Of this
was met by other countries through
use of their gold and dollar reserves.
The deficits showed a steady de-
cline under the aid program until
they had dropped to $2.5 billion in
1851 and SIS billion in 1852. But
dollar payment difficulties are now
particularly severe in Western Eu-
rope, and the sterling area, which
includes those countries the United
States is now urging to re-arm
rapidly as a defense against COM
munism.
Doing Their. Share
It is the boards opinion that under
present American trade and tariff
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

President Eisenhower is due to
receive in the next few days a re-
port from q foreign-policy study
board. The report, which has not
been made public, agrees nicely with
what the President has been say
ing for some time about our over
seas programs. That would make
Gen. Eisenhower very happy except
for one thing: The board was a
Democratic one,
The President is faced with this
dilemma: Shall he make public the
Democratic conclusions which paral-
lei his own views or shall he quietly
pigeonhole the report? The UNI
popularity of the Truman foreign
policy on Capitol Hill would make
him hesitate to release it. And
he has perfect right to withhold
the report, as the board was set
UP to advise the President-which-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

gress instead Of a watcher, you do
your homework.
The House Parliamentarian. ami
able Lew Deschler. is eager to give
you helping hand. In the Senate.
wise old Parliamentarian Charlie
Watkins, unperturbed by the pas
sage of time and the growth of
precedent, is always available. From
them, and from your elders, you
begin to absorb knowledge which,
if you're adaptable and lucky. pres
emily becomes almost instructive.
You will find this invaluable when
the inf1ghting begins and you want
to do a little parliamentary hitting
in the clinches.
Debote Con Be Fun
You have to be good to try it, be-
cause you'll be up against experts:
but if you're really adept nothing is
more fun than tying the House or
the Senate into knots. The Senate
in particular is practically self
starting in this regard: One strate-
gically placed motion or objection
or innocently phraSed question to
the chair can set red-faced Sena-
tors wrangling for hours at a time.
And quite often it all ends with the
lovable but disputatious body march.
ing firmly down some legislative hill
it has only recently. with monu-
mental labors, marched up.
Beyond the Rules and the guided
tours lies still another realm, much
more subtle and complex. Here
you find nothing more pertinent
than the sage advice of one of the
Senate's ablest operators.
when first came here" he is
fond of relating, II made up my
mind that the single most important
thing I had to do was learn every
thing I could about those men over
there on the floor. I knew I had
to work with them, and I knew
that whatever I wanted to accom-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15
By John A. Giles

in mind, they completely side
tracked themselves with an assault
on the Air Forces B-36. The episode
ended with the firing of Admiral
Louis E. Denfeld, Chief of Naval
Operations. and the retirement" of
the other top brass who participated.
A controversial figure, Admiral
Radford admires another controver-
sial person-Gen. Douglas MacAr-
thur. The pair see eye to eye on
most points of Pacific strategy.
Pink Checked Apollo
Admiral Radford wanted to go to
West Point as a youngster but took
Annapolis instead. Appointments to
the Naval Academy were easier to
get in those days. He was born in
Chicago, February a, 1899, the son
Of a Canadian-bor civil engineer.
He was Is years old when he en-
tered Annapolis. The Academy
yearbook said: "Raddy came to us
as child-a pink-cheeked Apollo;
since then has been fooling people"
His grades, mediocre at first, Inn
proved yearly.
After graduation. Ensign Radford
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15
By Allen prury

You raise your right hand, and in
phrases already echoed by more
than 10000 Americans In 1854 years,
you say, IT do Solemnly swear that
will support and defend the Con-
stitution Of the United States against
all enemies, foreign ana do
nestle g.. :"
In an instant's time you are trans
formed into something known as a
Member of the Congress of the
United States of America, a very
great if somewhat battling land for
whose good government you and $50
other citizens ranging from the less
than-average to the more-than-bril-
liant are now responsible.
From this experience, occurring
on January in the well Of the
House and the well of the Senate,
you emerge slightly shaken. If you
are like most newcomers, you also
are more than slightly confused. The
confusion even extends to your phys
1cal surroundings. Do you go in this
door, or that? Where does this cor
ridor lead, plunging off into the
depths Of the Capitol? What COM
mittee meets behind that imposing
portal?
Police Moy Not Know
Perhaps you ask the elevator boys
or the police, but they aren't much
help: Many of them are as green
as you are, especially when the ma
Jority has just changed hands. Per-
haps you sneak off little furtively
to pay your Is cents and take the
guided tour which starts from the
rotunda and reveals. in part, the
mysteries of this complicated struc-
ture.
Just getting ready for my visiting
constituents" you explain with an
embarrassed grin to your seniors
when they spot you in the party.
They smile tolerantly and pass on;
they probably did it, too.
After the physical pattern becomes
q little clearer-when you can at
least get from your Office to the
floor and back again without get
ting lost, and you know where the
restaurant and at least one coffee
shop are located-your education
takes a new turn. A little book
known as 1.-THE Rules" assumes an
increasingly dominant place in your
scheme of things.
Bible and Rules
If you're like New York's young
Republican Representative Stuy-
vesant Wainwright, you may find
that you "read the Bible in the
morning and the Rules at night"
Whether you're that diligent or not,
you realize there is no escaping the
Rules. Whatever you may have
learned of parliamentary law in
your city council or your State as
sembly or your local Rotary Club,
you speedily discover that with the
Rules Gas with everything else in
Washington something extra has
been added. Every little motion has
meaning all its own, and If you
intend to be a participation in Con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

police eliminated all Communists
not thought to be at least 200 per
cent loyal to Stain. They also
killed. on their own initiative, party
members who were not popular with
the secret policemen. Most of the
original founders of the Soviet re-
gine, Lenin's old comrades, were
exterminated. Top officers of the
Red Army and Navy, among them
Marshals Tukhachevsky and Yego-
row and Gen. Gamarniak. were
liquidated.
Then Yagoda himself, accused Of
numbering his predecessor, was
purged.
Nicholas Yezhov, one of Stains
personal secretaries. took over the
direction of the purges. In 1878
Yezhov struck deep into the ranks
of the various Soviet intelligence
and espionage services and even into
the secret police itself. The purge
was getting out of hand. To end it,
Yezhov was purged. The wave Of
terror slowly subsidized,
Berio Next
Lavrenty Beria. Stains protege,
fellow Georgian and official his
torian of the Bolshevik Party, be-
came the Commissar of the Interior
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

plish would have to be accomplished
with their approval; so just sat
there for six months and studied
them. When I knew what made
them tick I got busy. and it's been
smooth sailing-or as smooth as
you ever get around this place
ever since"
It is in this field Of human rela-
tions that you find. as congress
sional beginner, that your most
earnest efforts must De expended.
Is Senator So-and-So a crotchety
old such-and-Such? Well, there
must be way to get on his good
side, and it's up to you to find it.
Does the serenity of Representative
This-and-That require that you
listen 10 minutes every morning to
his seemingly endless list of grew
ances against the State Depart
ment? Brother, you'd better listen.
Does an ego need attention here,
could q conviction Of self-impor-
lance use some encouragement
there?
You 10y 1t On. Too
You find yourself doing your best
to keep your remarks consistent with
a clear conscience and a good diges-
ton. but you also find yourself lay.
ing it on when you get the chance.
You learn rapidly that nothing does
more to smooth your way than an
astute understanding of the dearest
prejudices of your elders, and a
ready willingness tol give credit
where it is, or in some cases isn't,
due.
For the rest, you soon discover
that Congress is largely a matter of
adjustment, like any new job. Right
away you are apt to come up against
the seniority system with sharp
bump. You go through the same
process all newcomers go through:
You are absolutely and irrevocably
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

to bring the 57-year-old admiral to
the Pentagon. Even the mention
Of such move gives the Air Force
cold chills. His later visit to the
White House has kept the Air Force
thumb on the panic button.
Naval Airmon
The 1.-the, handsome, four-star adj
miral has been a red-hot airman
since 1920, a resourceful admins
traitor, a crack staff man and fight
ing carrier admiral. But above all
he has been a tireless crusader
for the Navy air arm-first against
"battleship admirals" and later, in
the great postwar unification con-
troverSy, against those who, he was
convinced, were trying to nibble
Navy aviation out of existence.
Admiral Radford and company
claim that during the 1949 hearings
before the House Armed Services
Committee they were trying to warn
that war with Russia might never
come and that the real danger lay in
the Kremlin's ability to start brush
fires. such as Korea, which might
have to be put out one by one. But
even If that was swhat they had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

policies these countries have done
about all they can unless they are
allowed to earn more dollars by
exporting to the United States.
Soviet propaganda is taking the
line that the United States is keep
ing its allies in state of depend
ency by preventing trade with Iron
Curtain countries and refusing to
let them sell their exports in
America.
In the few fields in which freer
trade policy would cause domestic
dislocation. the board believes the
difficulties could be overcome by
loans to assist industries to convert
to other, more profitable lines, and
by Federal assistance in shifting
any unemployed to regions where
labor scarcities exist.
The boards recommendation
would continue congressional con-
troll over the broad field of foreign
trade, while at the same time allow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

ever President happened to be in
Office when the study was COM
pleted.
White House aides already have
started to worry about the coming
hot potato.
The. report was prepared by the
Public Advisory Board for Mutual
Security, a group appointed by Mr..
Truman and headed by Daniel w.
Bell, an UnderSecretary of the Treas
ury during the Truman administra-
ton. With Mr.. Bell was group Of
distinguished Democratic business,
labor, farm and trade leaders. The
report has not, of course, been made
public. Here's what it says:
Trode for Aid
The $50 billion spent since the war
by the Truman administration has
failed 10 achieve economic stability
among the free nations. What is
needed now is the substitution Of
trade for dollar aid.
The report warns that the dollar
deficit problem Of Americas allies
has reached such critical stage
that United States exports, particu-
larly of agricultural products, are
declining sharply. This has an adj
verse effect upon our own economy.
Meanwhile, the free-world nations
are confronted with public insistence
that drastic cuts be made in their
re-armament programs to preserve
their own stability.
President Eisenhower has already
taken notice of the seriousness of the
situation. He has asked Congress to
grant him authority to continue the
reciprocal trade agreements. He sent
Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles and Mutual Security Agency
Administrator Harold Stassen to
Europe for Q 6rst-hand look ut the
~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-15

problems. The President has urged
several times the substitution of
trade through normal channels for
the loan and grant system. L.
The report says some foreign aid
spending will have to continue. It
will be in comparatively minor
amounts, however, if tariff barriers
in this country are lowered. Then
the free nations can sell their goods
here for the dollars they need to
maintain stability.
Ten-Point Program
The board recommended a 10
point program to increase foreign
trade with the United States and
thereby permit reduction of cash
handouts:
. Set up permanent foreign
trade advisory council. It would
cies laid down by Congress, to plan
co-ordination>o f trade with national
defense and foreign policy. 1t would
advise the President on steps which
need to be taken, and the President
would have authority to carry out
such recommendations as he saw fit.
. Repeal the Buy American Act"
Q Simplify customs procedure.
. Abolish the requirement that
so per cent Of aid and loan cargoes
be carried in American ships. This
action would be contingent on aban-
donment of discrimination against
United States vessels by foreign
shippers.
. Revise tariffs and reduce high
duties on almost all finished and
semimanufactured articles.
. Change quotas and tariffs on
imported agricultural products which
are not produced in this country in
sufficient quantity at world prices.
. Eliminate excise import taxes
on petroleum products.
Q Repeal the section Of the De-
Tense Production Act which gives
the Secretary of Agriculture power
to restrict imports Of fats and oils
in the interest Of national defense
and economy, and give that power
to the new policy board.
. Eliminate tariffs on metals and
minerals of which the United States
is a major exporter.
. Reduce duties on imported
metals and minerals which are a
major portion Of United States
supplies.
These recommendations. the board
believes, would help restore q bal
ance in international payments and
encourage q balanced growth Of
world trade. It was estimated that
the new policy would increase United
States imports by 500 million to 81
billion year without serious diff
Guilty to the American economy as a
whole. It points out that this would
largely meet the SIS billion deficit
of the free nations in 1852 trade with
the United States.
Bleak Alternatives
The alternative. the board believes,
will be the imposition Of more re-
StrictionS on United States imports.
One-eighth of the cash receipts OF
American farmers comes from ex-
port crops. Six per cent of manu-
featured goods. except procesSed
foodStuffs, 60 abroad. At the same
time the United States increasingly
depends upon imports Of raw mate
rails and semimanufactured goods
to keep the wheels Of industry turn-
ing. Any decline in import Of raw
materials will increase the cost of
production here and slow industry.
Further reduction in finished and
semimanufactured consumer goods
from abroad will lower living stand
ards and hike the cost Of living In
the United States.
Since the war the growth in
United States imports and exports
Evening star., 1953-04-18
Rx the Asseeioted Press

The old Government post card
isn't what it used to be.
For one thing, it now costs 2
cents instead of l, and for an
other it has lost about half its
former popularity with the pub
lie which apparently doesn't go
for the higher price.
At the old penny rate, sales
over a long period averaged
around 4 billion cards a year.
In the last full year at / cent,
4,183, ,748,200 cards were issued.
The 2-cent charge became ef-
fective January l, 1852, at the
midway point of the Govern
ment's fiscal year ending June
80. 1852. This meant there were
six months at l cent and six
months at 2 cents. In this r.
month period, the card sales
dropped off by 1,199,624,700 to
a total of only 1884, 4,123,500.
For the current fiscal year,
ending June 80, the Post Office
Department has reduced its
card-printing order to "a bill
lion. Postal officials express the
view that public demand for the
2-center will level off somewhere
around that figure.
Evening star., 1953-04-18
Post Card Sales Drop Sharply
In First Year of 2-Cent Rate

Apparently many people lust
go ahead and write a letter at
the Scent rate rather than
use the card at 2 cents. Sales
of 3-cent stamps rose from
13.648, ,266, TAO in fiscal 1851 to
1892. 1926, ,16O in fiscal 1852.
The Post Office Department
says these figures do not come
anywhere near rejecting the
boom in letter-mail because they
do not take into account the
ever-increasing use of postage
meter machines which make
stamp purchases unnecessary.
Business firms are also making
wider use of the so-called bulk
mailing rate under which
batRhes of cards carrying iden-
tica1 messages are handled at
/ " cents each. Also available,
in lieu of the 2-cent card, is
the unsealed letter, requiring
only 11a cents postage.
Evening star., 1953-04-18
Murray 10 Investigate
Policeman Accused
By Dice Gambler

Police Chief Robert V. Murray
today began an investigation into
the background of a former
vice squad undercover man. ac-
cused in District Court of being
a "switch-artist" with the dice.
The charges were made dur
ing testimony in the trial of
Alfred (Pudd1nhead) Jones. A..
colored, of the 5000 block of
Thirteenth street NV. an ad-
mitted gambler, and Charles A.
Dorsey, 63, colored, of the 1900
block of Eighth street NV.
Jones and Dorsey were ac-
quilted by a jury yesterday in the
U. S. District Court for the Dis
trict of Columbia in less than a
half hour.
Their accuser, Pvt. Lawrence
Blackwell of No. 4 Precinct,
said he caught the pair operating
a dice game in the HOO block of
S street NV, in December, 1851.
Jones, Blackwell said, con-
trolled the premises and Dorsey
was cutting the game"
Knew Policeman.
Jones, however, told Judge
Richmond B. Keech Blackwell
was an acquaintance of his for
some seven years. He said he
knew Blackwell to be a switch
artist with the dice" He testified
the policeman had peculiar mo-
ton when he palmed the cubes.
Jones told the jury he watched
for the sign and then would bet
along with Blackwell against the
house
The admitted gambler further
asserted he was not present at
the S street address on December
%. when Blackwell said he OBJ
served him and Dorsey running
a dice game. Jones testified he
was across the street in the base
ment of a Negro YMCA building,
taking care of IS Christmas
turkeys the organization in
tended to donate to charity.
Dorsey also contented he was
not on the premises.
Under croSS-eXamination by
Prosecutor Thomas Flannery,
Jones admitted that, in the past.
he has been arrested for gam
bling and for receiving stolen
property.
Chief Murray, at the outset OF
Tuesdays trial when witnesses
mentioned Blackwell's name,
promised he would await the out
come of the trial before delving
into Blackwell's background.
Murray Skeptical.
Chief Murray emphasized that
he intended to give little
weight" to Jones' word, if not
substantiated.
The police official said he had
received a complaint several
months ago from Jones about
Evening star., 1953-04-18

Blackwell. At that time, Maj.
Murray declared, he told Jones
he would take no action until
Jones, under oath in court, made
his accusations and Blackwell
was present to hear them.
Maj. Murray said that, if
Jones statements are corrobo-
rated, he will get rid of Blackwell
forthwith, because, If true, do
not want that type of person in
my department.
However, I am not going to
take action against a heretofore
plameless man on the statement
of an admitted lawbreaker."
After completing police school,
Blackwell worked as a Morals
Squad undercover man and later
was shifted to his present as
signment in No. 4 Precinct.
Evening star., 1953-04-18
Piuno Students Plan
Orchestra Benefit

Students at the Dmitrieh
Studio, 5612 Connecticut avenue
NV. will perform for the bene-
fit of the National Symphony
Orchestra sustaining fund at
$50 pm. tomorrow.
Evening star., 1953-04-18

Duo-piano selections and a
three-piano Bach concerto will
be featured. The public is in
vited.
The Detroit tribune., 1953-08-29

government and society-to the
development of programs by
which the over-sixty group and
retired workers might participate
and enjoy recreational, educa-
tional and cultural programs
which may help TO make their
declining years fruitful and en-
joyable.
I'm the light OF these facts.
il Is my feeling" says Connor.
that local city government has
a responsibility and should help
in this situation. II il for that
reason that have introduced
two resolutions on this subject
before the Common Council
which were unanimously sp-
proved by the Council.
One calls upon the Department
OF Parks and Recreation, who
are very interested. 10 set up sew
eral centers where programs can
be developed which will be of the
most interest and value TO those
over sixty years of age. II is sug-
eested that these programs be
worked out in consultation with
people who are over sixty years
of age. II should be understood
that this does not mean separate
centers for older people as such
but rather. the offering OF such
programs eventually in all the
regular established centers.
THE second resolution sus.
gesis TO the d. S. r. that special
rates be given 10 those over
sixty years Of age in the same
(Confinued on Page ~
The Detroit tribune., 1953-08-29

lease which quoted national Coca
Cola executive James A. FARLEY
as ordering the removal OF the
machines" he added.
In citing the machine as a
racial symbol. the director stated:
"Coca-Cola has stressed that
there are only few Of these
machines in existence But the
number is not the important
point. The newspapers Of the
world seized upon the machine
as a symbol--a symbol of the
separate but equal oppression
limiting the hopes and well being
of American Negroes.
Therefore. destroying the ma
chimes is not enough. Coca-Cola
must also demonstrate that II
does not participate in policies OF
racial discrimination. Indeed. its
wealth and prestige qualify il to
lead the whole of American in
dustry into an era Of democratic
personnel practices.
"As things stand now l do not
think Coca-Cols has done enough
in this direction to convince a
world-or national ~ audience
that there is not a color line in
the Cola line" he concluded.
The Detroit tribune., 1953-08-29
Atlanta u. Has
$4,000 Awards

ATLANTA. Ga.-According TO
information received from Allan
ia University. this institution has
available approximately $4,000
in scholarships and fellowships
for men and women who are de-
sirous Of furtherIne then educa-
ton beyond the college level.
Individual scholarships range
from $50 10 $500, and in many
instances cover full tuition and
laboratory fees. The scholarships
are available in all divisions OF
the University. the Graduate
School of Arts and Sciences.
Business Administration. Edu-
cation. Library Service and So
cial Work.
The Detroit tribune., 1953-08-29
Couple Marks
Goth Year

Mr.. and Mrs. Lee Dudley OF
1923 Cameron, celebrated their
Goth wedding anniversary Mon
day with a reception at home.
The DudleYs moved TO De-
froif in 1870 from their native
city, Dallas. Texas. where Mr..
Dudley had been an smploYs
of the Neiman-Marcus Depart
menf Store.
The couple have five children
who Joined in the anniversary
observance: Leroy, Sr., Mrs. Girls
setta Carter, Mrs. Beatrice Minis.
Edgar Patrick and Herbert l..
There is one grandson. Leroy.
Jr.
The elder Mr.. Dudley will re-
tire from the Lindberg Pattern
Works. 1852 f. Philadelphia, this
fall at 70 years Of age. His wife
is 73.