davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-06-23

slovak delegates would vote;
neither was there much doubt
that the Indian representative
would side with the Com
munistS. Hence the Swiss and
Swedes risked being outvoted
on every occasion.
Rhee knew about this de-
cision. and though displeased
with the fact that the armi-
stice did not provide for i'm
mediate withdrawal Of the
Chinese from North Korea, he
was willing to go ahead.
Then suddenly, while Secre-
tary Of State Dulles was still
on his trip through the Middle
East, the signals were changed.
According to reliable informa-
ton, q number Of messages
were exchanged between Lon
don and Washington. including
some top-level telephone con-
verSations, and, Gen. Mark
Clark was ordered to accept
the Communist demands that
the voting in the armistice
teams should be by a mere
majority. It was at that time
that the veil of secrecy was
lowered over the armistice ne
gotiations and apparently the
President of South Korea
learned about this change only
a few hours before the arrni-
stice representatives gathered
to put the final touches on the
agreement. He withdrew his
delegate and has been OBJ
Streperous ever since.
Rhee is said to feel strongly
that under the new setup of
majority vote the Korean pris-
oners who want to remain in
South Korea would not have
the proverbial Chinaman's
chance.
It must be remembered
that many of the Korean
POWs were actual South Ko-
reans who we're shanghaied
into the North Korean army
in the early days of the war.
They were solemnly promised
absolute security by us and
by Rhee's propaganda under
ground If they surrendered.
Our change insofar as the
voting Of the neutral team is
concerned obviously worried
the South Korean leader and
determined him to act on his
own, regardless of interna-
tional consequences.
It appears that our whole
Evening star., 1953-06-23

preston, of course. on the sur
face that their sole target is
Senator Mccarthy and that, If
he is weakened in the public
eye as a result of persistent
attacks. there will be an aug
mentation of Democratic votes.
But the smart ones among the
Democrats know that this isn't
going to be the result at all,
and that, instead, what would
really happen would be a
break-off Of the pro-McC Carthy
Republicans from President
Eisenhower. That is the prin-
cipal reason why the Demo-
Gratis and many of their Fair
Deal supporters in the Wash
ington press, have lately been
striving so desperately to con-
vince certain gullible persons
in the Eisenhower entourage
that the time has come for a
break with Mccarthy by the
President. Gen. Eisenhower
thus far has avoided the trap.
but his every utterance. how
ever abstract. is promptly con-
strued as a concrete manifes-
tation of hostility to Mccarthy.
What is not generally real
lied is that Mccarthy is only a
symbol of anti Communist
feeling and that efforts to dis
credit the Wisconsin Senator's
crusade against Communists
in the Government will leave
a residue of bitter feeling
among the anti-Communist
Republicans throughout the
country, and especially in the
Middle West.
Some of the leaders in the
Eastern wing of the Republi-
can Party have never clearly
understood the Wisconsin elec-
ton Of last autumn. They are
apparently eager to have a
demonstration once more that,
when the issue is made. the
cause of the nti-Communist
crusader, no matter what his
name may be, will have a
majority following even
though his methods" are
criticized. The Democrats in
Congress who in the last 20
years have used the same
methods" are, of course,
never mentioned.
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Doris FIeeson:
LOTS LISSsOII'
Political Lesson for q President
Democrats Feel That Senate Vote on Controls Bill Reinde
White House of Importance of Going Through Channels

Senate Democrats look upon
their victory in sending the
economic controls bill back to
conference as a slight seminar
in the political facts of life for
President Eisenhower, Presi-
dental Aide Sherman Adams
and Acting Majority Leader
Knowland.
With respect to the Presi-
dent, the timing of the lesson
was important because vital
controversies are just ahead
in which he must have Demo-
cratic support to prevail.
It is now no secret that
Democrats are disenchanted
with certain Eisenhower tech
niques. In foreign policy they
think they should be consulted
at the takeoffs and not just
at the crash landings. Some
effort is being made in this
area but it will have to be con-
sistent and continuous to be
satisfactory.
Also, Democrats resent an
Eisenhower habit of introduc-
ing proposals for which he
needs their support with ex-
plantations about "the mess"
he inherited. They want to
go forward with him but, as
one put it, II decline to march
on in sackcloth and ashes"
It is now their hope that the
President will duly note that
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Constantine Brown:

The relationship between
the Republic Of Korea and the
allied governments has be-
come more strained in the last
"a hours than at any time
since President Syngman Rhee
ordered the liberation of anti
Red Korean prisoners of war.
Prime Minister Churchill
expressed himself more
strongly than the spokesmen
OF the administration in
Washington. He could do this
principally because British
public opinion is willing to
throw everything and every
body overheard to have an
armiStice signed in Korea.
The British government, un-
like our own, has recognized
Communist China for more
than three years and believes
that it may be profitable for
Britain'S economy to obtain
more trade with Peiping than
has been heretofore possible.
Hence Churchill was able to
use the word "treacherous" in
his strongly worded denuncia-
ton of the South Korean
President.
There is no denying that
Mr.. Rhee has thrown a mon
key wrench in the proposed
cease-f1re agreement. It is
equally certain that he acted
contrary to diplomatic eti-
quette and good behavior. But
once this Is said, the attitude
of the aged leader of the
Korean republic is understand
able even to many American
soldiers in the field.
When we tackled the last
hurdle to a cease -f1re-the fate
of the POWs who do not want
to return to Communist lands
the administration instruct
ed our representatives at Pan
munjom to accept the neutral
teams suggested by the Com
munists with one proviso-that
their decisions on the wishes
Of the prisoners involved
should be taken by unanimous
vote. That is to say that any
of the members of the neutral
team could veto the decisions
Of the others. This step was
considered Of utmost impor-
tance to the security of the
prisoners who do not want to
be repatriated. There was no
doubt in anybody's mind of
how the Polish and Czecho-
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Court Backs REA Pocts
In Missouri Power Suit

A United States District Court
judge yesterday held valid Rural
Electrif1cation Administration
contracts which had been at
tackled by 10 Missouri power
companies.
The power companies sought
to prevent use of Government
loan funds for construction of
steam power plants and trans
mission lines by co-operativeS in
Missouri.
The 10 companies contended
that some $57 million in rural
electrification funds would be
used for facilities which would
duplicate those Of private COM
panies, deprive the companies of
present and potential customers
and result in destructive compe-
tition.
Judge Charles r. Mclaughlin
of the U. S. District Court for the
District of Columbia affirmed
loan agreements between the
REA and five super" or feder-
ated REA co-operatives in Mis-
souri,.
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Democrats Hope to Split 9. O. P.
Minority Working Constantly to Entce Republicans
Who Are Against Mccarthy From the Porty Fold

The anti Communist cru
sade didn't start with McCar-
thy. It goes all the way back
to the 1930s when Representa-
tive Martin Dies. Democrat. Of
Texas, head Of the House
Committee on Un-American
Activities, was the victim Of
just as much vituperation as
has since been visited on the
Wisconsin Senator or on any
one else who has dared to use
a congressional investigating
committee to expose the
tricks and stratagems Of the
Communists and fellow trav-
elers in America.
The cry that the Nation is
filled with fear" and that
"intellectuals" can't express
themselves freely and that the
United States is the victim
of witch hunts" Llay be
swallowed as gospel by the
radical Democrats and by
various people, most of whom
voted for Stevenson last au-
tumn. but the number of Re-
publicans who feel that way
about it today is a small per-
centage of the Republican
Party. Hence the inside
strategy of the Democrats is
to ALLEVIATE Gen. Eisenhower
from the wing of the Republi-
can Party in which Senator
Taft was SO strong last year,
hoping the anti-McCarthy Re-
publican faction will grow
larger and larger. The Repub-
lican Party was almost equally
divided before last years ma
tional conventions as between
Senator Taft and Gen. Eisen-
hover. The Taft following to
a large extent was on the Nc
Carthy side, especially in the
Middle West.
So any Sizable division in
the Republican Party. from
whatever cause, will be fatal
to the congressional nominees
of the Republican Party in the
1854 elections. Many of the
anti-Communist Republicans
will not go to the polls to vote
for candidates who may have
teamed up with any one, in
cluding Gen. Eisenhower, to
relax vigilance on the anti
Communist crusade.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Lowell MeLett:
Federal Offshore Bill Now Up
Proponents Wary of Possible Jokers in View Of Estimated
Revenues Ad-to-Edueoton Amendment Coins Support

has been growing steadily.
Twenty-nine Senators have
now joined with Senator Hill
Of Alabama in proposing an
amendment of this kind to the
Gordon bill. Recent recruits to
Hills crusade in behalf of the
Nations schools include Sena-
tors Mundt of South Dakota,
Young of North Dakota and
johnson Of Colorado. BY the
amendment all revenues from
the Federal Governments
share of the continental shelf
would be held in a special ac-
count for grants-in-aid to
primary. secondary and higher
education, except during the
present national emergency
During this emergency the
revenues may be used for the
purposes of defense.
National defense is indi-
rectly involved in the school,
aid proposal. Lack Of facilities
and funds-now a serious
problem Of nearly all colleges
and universities, private and
public-has caused a short
age Of competent engineers.
The personnel manager Of the
General Electric Co. recently
told an armed forces confer
ence that defense contracts
may have to be extended or
Cancelled If this shortage con-
tinueS.
Meantime, the quitclaim leg
islation recently signed by
President Else hover is
threatened with court action
to test it's constitutionality.
In a number of States, Gov
ernors and attorneys general
are exploring the possibility
of taking the question to the
United States Supreme Court.
These are chiefly States in the
interior, which have nothing
to gain by the assertion Of
States rights to the oil reve-
nueS and something to lose.
since they would share In the
Evening star., 1953-06-23

sters to the camp about IS miles
down the Potomac River.
They were the first of more
than 1,500 underprivileged area
children who are scheduled to
spend vacations at the camp this
summer. It will remain open for
II weeks. This will mean five
two-week camping trips and one
week for the school patrol boys.
Police 1t. Forrest L. BinSwan-
ger heads the camp supervisors.
They have reported that the
camp site. after being worked
over by the clubs staff for the
past two weeks, is in excellent
condition. A new pier has been
built. New nets have been
stretched across the volley ball
courts. Chalk has been laid on
the marker lines of the baseball
diamonds.
The youngsters, for the first
time, will be able to use the new
laundermats and driers. These
were installed last year by the
Evening star., 1953-06-23

attacked it as a patronage
grab, lacking civil service safe
guards.
The minority now feels it
has reminded Mr.. Adams and
staff that they must work
through channels at the Capt.
tol and let the minority have
its say.
The Democratic quarrel with
Senator Knowland is pro-
cedural. Minority Leader john
son rallied unanimous support
from his side with the charge
that the acting majority
leader had violated an under
standing that controversial
matters would not be brought
up last week, when this bill
was.
The final Senate version Of
the economic controls bill
fitted the non-controversial
designation; the addition to it
by the House of the Small
Business Administration pro-
posal, in Democratic eyes, put
the bill into the area of con-
troversy.
Senators are always sensitive
to procedural problems since.
at one time or another, proce-
dure is vitality important to
them all. This is the lesson
brought home to Mr.. Know
land who, in his first leader
ship test as successor to the
i'll Senator Taft, was humili-
atingly defeated.
Evening star., 1953-06-23

revenues received by the Fed
eral Government.
In at least one coastal State
there is a disposition to take
a second look at the new law.
Massachusetts has a great
fishing industry. A big part of
the annual catch is from the
Grand Banks off Newfound-
land. Concern has been grow
ing that Newfoundland may
take advantage of the new law
to push it's claim to sovereign
ty far out beyond the present
three-mile limit and Ak tough
er and more expensive terms
on the privilege of fishing in
those waters. A similar claim
by Mexico with relation to the
shrimping grounds of its coast
is now giving American shrimp
fishers trouble.
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Lowell MeHett:

The Senate has now taken
up a bill intended to protect
and provide for the develop
ment of what remains of Fed
eral offshore property since
the enactment of the so-called
tidelands act. giving title to
this submerged land to the
coastal States as far out as
their historical boundaries"
It is valuable property. Geol-
ogistS estimate that as much
as four -f1fths of the oil-bear-
ing land, over which the battle
has ragged for years, lies be-
yond the newly established
State property lines. This ap-
parently was not fully appre-
ciated when the States, Texas
and Louisiana in particular,
began their fight for posses
sion, control-and the reve-
nues to be obtained. Some
estimates of the value of the
land still remaining to all the
people of the United States
are as high as .$240 billion.
For this reason those who
have fought against the claims
of the States are in a wary
mood, fearful of possible iok-
ers in the new legislation
whereby the Federal Govern
ment would fail to protect its
full rights. The bill before the
Senate, known as the Gordon
bill, was reported out last
week by the Senate Interior
Committee. It's passage seems
assured, because of assurances
given by the States rights pro-
ponents during the earlier con-
sideration and because Of the
reaction of the country to the
passage of the tidelands Dill
Mail supporting the stand Of
that bills opponents has been
heavy-in some instances ZOO
to-1 against the giveaway
At the same time, sentiment
in favor of dedicating Federal
revenue from the offShore land
to the purposes Of education
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Dovid Lowrence:

Politically the Eisenhower
administration and the Re-
publican Congress are stronger
today than on the day of the
election last November. Not
only does a recent Gallup sur
vey show this appraisal, but
there are other evidences of a
political nature that the mega
tive trend which set in against
the Democrats and the Tru-
man administration has not
yet reached its peak and may
result in an actual increase of
Republican strength in the
congressional elections next
year.
One thing, however, could
change the picture for the
Republicans successful ef-
fort by the Democrats in the
North in their present cam
paign to split the Republican
Party wide open. Indeed, the
radical Democrats in the East
are so convinced that this is
a winning strategy that they
have set to work intensively to
bring about that result. They
have begun a Nation wide at
tempt to drive a wedge inside
the Republican Party on the
nti-CommuniSt issue. For,
while the Democratic man
ayers didn't like to admit it
during the last campaign. the
fact is that the anti-Com-
munist issue cut deeply into
the ranks also of the Demo-
cratic voters. From a political
viewpoint, the lines of cleavage
have hardly been altered since
last November.
Much of the momentum be-
hind the anti-M cCarthy
speeches being delivered now
adays with such vehemence
by Senator Lehman of New
York and other Democratic
speakers is due to a belief
that anti-McCarthy tactics
will result in a breakup of
the Republican Party. If, of
course, there is such a serious
split. the Democrats would
profit immensely by the divi-
sion.
The Democratic managers
have a right to try those tao
tics. It's logical for them.
Their speakers give the i'm
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Economy Drive Hits
Architect Of Capitol
But Misses Congress

The House wants a higher
promenade for Capitol visitors to
walk on, a lower tax level for
members of Congress to live on.
and apparently nothing at all for
Architecht of the Capitol David
Lynn to ride in at Government
cost.
An $80.6 million appropriation
bill quickly passed by the house
yesterday did more than allot
funds for operating the legis-
lative department, Judiciary,
Government Printing Office, Ii
brary of Congress, Botanic Gar
den and Office Of the Architect
Of the Capitol during the fiscal
year beginning July l.
It also-subject to approval or
disapproval by the Senate
would allow members of Con-
gress, in making income tax re-
turns, to deduct their Washing
ton living costs as business ex-
penses. Under existing law the
legislators can deduct up to
$4,000 annually for that purpose.
Estimated $4,000 Exemption.
Congressional tax experts fig
ured that the amendment, Of
fered by Representative McCor-
mack, Demorcat, of Massachu-
sets and unanimously adopted,
would increase the figure to
about $4,000 each for the 435
Representative and 96 Senators.
The House passed a similar
amendment last year but TIE
Senate trimmed the deduction
item to $4,000.
Transportation troubles likely
to be encountered by Mr.. Lynn,
a veteran of 81 years of service
at the Capitol. were not so easy
to estimate. But several Sena-
tors, hearing Of his plight, pre-
dicted informally that the SEN
ate Appropriations Committee
would see that he is not reduced
to walking everywhere he has to
go on official business.
The House, by a Al to 20 test
vote later ratified on passage of
the entire bill, added an amend
ment banning expenditure of
money for purchase, operation
or maintenance of an automobile
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Fletcher Knebel:
Potomac Fever

Gasoline prices around the country However the
automobile still the cheapest Of getting between two
places where you can't park.
Harry spends the day Washington
Party good Party
a keen and a strong grip-both of which fixed
Eisenhower's coattals.
The Senate refuses create
small business The trouble with helping small business that
succeed you've got invoke the antitrust laws
to make it small again.
Churchill Syngman Rhee of treachery upsettng
Korean truce negotiations The allies hopping mad
communism they're jumping all each others toes.
Postmaster General Summeeld the Republicans
aiming at reasonable" postal deficit This high-evel
administration put the deficit on soap box
The House votes to let Congressman deduct all Washington
living from income taxes Congressman you know
has maintain two resldenceone where constituent
always call to find that he's at the other one.
Evening star., 1953-06-23
for the Architect of the Capitol
or the assistant architect.

for the Architect of the Capitol
or the assistant architect.
Mr.. Lynn now uses an auto
mobile described as aged and
greatly in need of repair. The
House amendment raised doubt
that he could use his office
money even to run that vehicle,
let alone buy a new one.
Representative Ford, Repub-
lican, Of Michigan, sponsor Of the
auto-ban amendment, told the
House that plans were afoot to
give the Architect of the Capitol
a $4,000 Cadillac. replete with
every luxury.
Democrats protested that they
were all for economy but that it
shouldn't be started by ground
ing so beloved an official as Mr..
Lynn.
West Terraces Improved.
Whatever the outlook for Mr..
Lynn and his automobile, the
House voted an extra 1897 900 to
pave the way for repair of the
Capitol's west terraces. Since
1885 those walls and steps have
been so weak that an upper Sec
ton Of the west steps and terrace
has been closed to citizens.
The funds will strengthen the
structure without changing Il
appearance Of the Capitol. This
will provide a promenade" for
visitors as well as legislators who
want air, the House was in
formed. It also will provide space
for Offices underneath and per-
haps for expanding restaurant
facilities,
Evening star., 1953-06-23

the Democrats had no defec-
tions from their ranks and
persuaded three Republicans
to Jump the party line.
Incidentally, they will ap-
preciate some public attention
to this party solidarity. It is
a fact that the new minority
has had unusual success in
closing its ranks in both the
Senate and House. There has
been no important detection or
quarrel any time even among
the pronounced individualistS
of the Senate.
AS for Mr.. Adams, the grape
vine says that his White House
staff had the inspiration of at
taching a rider creating a new
Small Business Administration
to the controls bill. The bill
was then labeled a party
must" which persuaded sew
eral liberal Republicans to re-
verse their previous intention
of opposing it.
The small business section
was brand new to Senators. No
Senate committee had held
hearings on it; Senate COM
mittees in fact are considering
other small business plans right
now.
Democrats objected that two
big business men-TreaSury
Secretary Humphrey and Com
merce Secretary Weeks-would
dominate small business under
the new proposal. They also
Evening star., 1953-06-23
Rhee's Action Understandable
Korean President Feels That Majority Vote Setup
On POW Issue Is Unfair to His Countrynen

armistice concept has UNDER
gone a major change since
the Republican administration
took Office. It inherited a bad
situation in the Far East. An
attempt to remedy it some,
what at least was made by
Secretary Dulles who is known
to be convinced that the Far
East Is as important to Amer
ica's security as Europe. A
plan was envisaged, before
the Communists asked to re-
sumo armistice conversations.
whereby we would insist that
the whole of Southeast Asia
which is now ablaze because
Of Communist activities should
be included in an overall
cease-f1re. Any other armi-
stice was considered by our
highest authorities as q
fraud"
Secretary Dulles appeared
in recent weeks before a con-
gressional committee in an
of f-the-record session. He
was asked whether it would
not be more advisable. in
view Of our commitments in
Indo- China as well as in Ko-
rea, to insist on a ceaSe-fire
in the whole area. He replied
that this certainly would be
the case. but unfortunately
our British ally was opposed
to such a solution. Britons
insist that we take first things
first. and a Korean cease-fire
is definitely first" to them.
1t is possible that the posi-.
ton of our British friends may
have come to Rhee's attention.
He may have corcluded that
VAAAo AAASAAV A4Cd41 1AOO OA1ly O1Ae
fair treatment of the question
of the POWS who would no
longer be our responsibility
but that of the loaded. ar
mistice team but also an in
definite postponement of the
unity Of Korea. And he acted
according to his own patriotic
tights by liberating on his own
initiative his own countrymen
who were in the stockades. It
may be that in the eyes Of
international law fiddlers this
was a "treasonable" act. But
it Is doubtful that the aver
age American considers it as
such. We would not have
acted differently in a similar
situation.