davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Area Civil Defense Sforinq
$40 Million in Equipment

Federal Civil Defense Admin
istration Stockpiles valued at
more than $40 million have been
stored for emergency use in 25
warehouses in this region, it was
announced today by j. George
Brueckmann, regional director.
Region 2, which includes seven
States and the District, has
headquarters in West Chester,
Pa. The supplies include engi-
neering equipment, medical sup
plies, blood serums and radiolog-
ical monitoring instruments.
The stockpiles are stored in
18 communities within the re-
gion. Pathological monitoring
instruments are widely scattered,
one earmarked for each probable
target area.
Request for use of the ma
terials must be made by local
communities through their State
civil defense directors. The Dis
trict, which has been laboring
under fund difficulties, has not
completed any plans for making
use of the stockpile, a civil de-
fense spokesman said.
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Mass to Mark Opening
Of Gu Academic Year

The Most Rev. Bryan j. Nc
Entegart, newly appointed rec
tor of Catholic University, will
celebrate solemn pontifical mass
at IL am. Sunday at the Ma
tional Shrine of the Immaculate
Conception to mark the opening
OF the new academic year.
A procession of students and
faculty will precede the mass.
Catholic members of the faculty
will make their profession of
faith after the mass.
Evening star., 1953-10-02

to join in observing National
Newspaper Week "in order to
strengthen the principle of a free
press and to combat efforts to
restrict this freedom"
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Morocco Is Protectorute =

FEZ, Morocco.-Morocco is not
a French colony, nor is it a part
of the French Union. It is a
French protectorate.
Evening star., 1953-04-06
Constantine Brown:
Concerns of Adenuuer
He Will Not Seek Financial Aid Here
But He Nay Ask Tough Questions
Constantine Brown:

Konrad Adenauer's arrival in
New York will mark the first
time that a German chancel-
lor has set foot on American
soil.
Since the end Of World War
/ we have had visits from
crowned heads Of Britain, Bel
gium. Yugoslavia, Romania
and other countries and from
prime ministers from all over
the world.
At the turn Of the century
Prince Heinrich Of Prussia,
younger brother Of Emperor
Wilhelm II, visited the United
States. It was a courtesy call
without any political implica-
tions. We had not yet be-
come a world power. and any,
way the sailor prince played
no role in the Reich'S politics.
The visit of the 77-year-old
Adenauer has a greater po-
litical significance than that
Of any other foreign dignitary
who has come to Washington
since the end of the war.
The Prime Minister of the
West German Republic, a man
imbued with genuine demo-
cratic principles and ideals.
will plead not only the cause
Of his own country but that
of a united Europe which to-
day is still under the Russian
guns. He will ask the admin
iStration neither financial nor
economic assistance. Western
Germany has staged such an
amazing recovery in the last
four years that she is better
off today than any Of our
allies.
What Germany needs from
us is good will and confidence
in her honest endeavors to
contribute to the defense Sys-
TEN of Western Europe and
in this manner to her own de-
Tense against the threats from
the east.
The Bonn peace contract
and the European defense
agreement which were devised
to bring Germany into the
NATO by the back door were
signed almost a year ago by
all interested nations. But up
to this time only the United
States, Great Britain and Ger
many have given them any
form Of parliamentary ap-
proval. The other members of
the coalition still have to con-
firm them. France is the main
stumbling block. The French
National Assembly insists on
SO many safeguards, including
the settlement of the Saar
question, before the ratification
can come to the French ParIia-
ment's floor that more delays
are inevitable.
The Allied high command at
SHAPE and all the top military
men in Washington are more
convinced than ever that unless
Evening star., 1953-04-06

his post Immediately on his
return to England that the So
called Lodge reservations to
the Versailles Treaty covering
American entry into the
League Of Nations should be
accepted by the allies. There
are intimations In some Of the
historical works Of that period
that, In exchange for Britaih's
support Of Lodges position as
against that Of Mr.. Wilson,
ViScount Grey got an agree
ment that the Republican
Democratic coalition favoring
the Lodge reservations would
support the six-vote formula
for the British Dominions In
the League Of Nations. The
President favored this, but
several Republican and Demo-
cratic Senators had opposed 1t.
The press Of Britain and
France almost unanimously
supported Viscount Grey's
agreement" on his return to
Europe and, while the British
and French governments made
no public Endorsement, it was
an open secret they were ready
to go along with his views and
with the agreement" he had
reached with the American
Senators. This was an inn
portant negotiation" The
Wilson administration didn't
like it. Had the agreement"
however, been co1lcurred in by
only q few Of the Wilson sup
porters in the Senate, it might
have changed the whole course
Of history and helped to pre-
vent a second world war.
Time and again in the past,
informal assurances Of various
kinds have been given the
Foreign Relations Committee
Of the Senate BY diplomatic
representatives Of foreign gov
ernmentS. and this has had a
great deal to do with the course
Of American executive and
legislative policy. The confer
enceS between American Sena-
tors and diplomats of the gov
ernment Of India during the
wheat negotiation a couple of
years ago is an instance fresh
in memory.
In recent years, as large ap-
preparations for foreign aid
have been before Congress, it
has not been unusual for for
eign diplomats to contact Sen
ators and Representatives. Re-
ports Of congressional senti-
rnent or the. private reactions
Of particular Senators have
been cabled back by the diplo-
mats to their governments, and
many a foreign policy matter
has been affected by such ar
rangements. Also many Sena-
tors and Representatives on
special committees have gone
abroad in recent years on legis-
lative missions and have fire.
quently contacted high officials
OF foreign governments.
Whether one chooses to call
all this negotiation" or "in-
fringement" on foreign policy
making is q quibble. Formal
negotiations and agreements
are, Of course. the prerogative
OF the executive when made
between governments. What
Evening star., 1953-04-06
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

Real reason for Ikes refusal the first baseball
OF tne working too hard his autobiography
titled, How To Become Past President"
Ike confers with former Representative for
the job OF Republican national chairman What's wanted is
man who's clean hounds ooth-and knows where to
bury the bones.
Secretary of the Navy orders Navy empoyes to
quit knocking of work to drink coffee Well how things
CO. Over at Agriculture Secretary Benson would
all knock OF for month and themselves on butter
The Treasury changes the serial your dollar bill
There's also talk OF commemoating the the dolabv
putting Harry Trumans picture the 5O-cent piece
Russas release of is doctors numbering of
nca amazes the world Peace indeed busting
even the stock markets going broke
Evening star., 1953-04-06

.ure to take corrective action.
reported great losses in manu-
featuring enterprises from
waste, uneconomical expendi-
lures Of supplies. raw materi-
ais. electric power, fuel, tools
and other assets, and asserted
that there is graft, pilfering
and lawlessnesS on the collec-
tive farms. We are prepared
to take his word for it!
Malenkov Is not a revolu-
tionarS. He grew up after the
revolution. He has the task
of governing. Looking around
on the Shambles created by
his predecessor, he must, if
he has any horse sense, want
to disengage himself Of as
many Stalin-made headaches
as possible. He must, it seems
to me. seek to ingratiate him
self with the Russian people,
who, like all others, want
homes (Malenkov, in October,
pointed out "the acute hous-
ing shortage"). shoes. over
coats, food and peace.
The question is: How can
Malenkov disengage himself
without appearing to back
down ANONYMOUSLY from the
policies Of the great Stain,
to whom he is compelled by
the created myth to render
poSthumous praise?
The counterquestion is: Why
should anyone in the West
trust him-or trust the above
analysis?
The situation holds two
dangers for the West: That
we may overrate the appear
ance of an opportunity. re-
duce our own strength, and
be once again led by the nose:
or. conversely, that we may
miss an opportunity altogether
by overextending our demands.
The condition calls for the
most acute diplomatic brains.
These seem to be a commodity
in short supply.
Evening star., 1953-04-06
Thon1os [. Stokes:
Thonos [. Stokes:
Tariff Problems for Eisenhower
he Faces Trouble Mainly From the Midwest Elements
Of His Own Party in Striving to Keep Present Policy

How touchy the tariff issue
has become is exemplifled in
President EiSenhower'S deci-
sion to seek only q one-year
extension Of our Reciprocal
Trade Program, through which
we bargain with other nations
for lowering duties, instead Of
the longer period usually voted
by Congress, with o single ex-
ception, since the program was
instituted in 1894 early In the
Franklin D. Roosevelt regime.
The President settled on this
minimum extension in an eff
fort to hold the program as
nearly intact as possible In the
face Of rising threats in Con-
greSs to its continuation. The
threat is largely within his own
Republican Party from which
opposition to the program has
come regularly through the
years. Meanwhile, q commits
Evening star., 1953-04-06
Precedents for Mccarthy Deal
Senator Lodges Agreement With Vscount Grey in 1920
Basic Question Is the Substance Rothe Than Etiquette
Dovid Lowrenee:

Viewed in the perspective
Of history, the Mccarthy eff
fort to help put an end to
trade with our enemies In
Korea has many a precedent
behind 1t which indicates that
memories are short nowadays
in Washington. Or perhaps
the. form Of things has become
more important than the SUBJ
stance.
The basic questions are
these:
/. Can a congressional conn
mittee negotiate" an agree
ment with individuals on
phases OF certain controversial
problems normally tackled by
the executive branch Of the
government? The answer Is
that it has happened before,
as a few illustrations from past
experience will corroborate.
2. Can a congressional COM
mittee or its individual menu
berS deal with ambassadors
and representatives Of foreign
governments on matters Of
foreign policv2 The answer is
that they have done so in the
past and probably will con-
tinue to do so in the future.
8. Is foreign policy exclu-
sively an executive matter, or
does the Senate have rights
which grow out Of the conSti-
tutional provision that treaties
with foreign governments must
be ratified by a two-thirds vote
Of the Senate? The answer is
that the Senate. through its
committees, is entitled to COM
municate with anybody in the
world in order to get the de-
sired information for treaty.
making purposes or for legis-
lation generally affecting for
eign countries. No restrictions
have ever been imposed by the
Supreme Court upon congress
Slonal committees and the
gathering of information from
individuals inside or outside
the United States,
For the fact is that the
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee under various admins
trations has permitted foreign
ambassadors and ministers to
discuss informally with COM
mlttee members their proposed
policies and to give "assur-
anceS" that have the force of
agreements"
Perhaps the most outstand-
ing example of a so-called
agreement or understanding
negotiated" by members of 4
Senate committee occurred in
1920, when Viscount Grey
came to America as British
Ambassador. He spent a good
deal OF time discussing an inn
portant question with the then
Chairman of the Senate For
eign Relations Committee, the
late Henry Cabot Lodge, grand
father Of the present Ameri-
can representative on the
United Nations. In various
history books the subject mat
ter Of the conferences which
the British diplomat had with
members Of the Senate For
eign Relations Committee is
described. Viscount Grey de-
clared publicly after resigning
Evening star., 1953-04-06
Doris Fleeson:
L1OIIS II5SSOII
Cities Problems Misunderstood.
White House Meetings Lead Big City Mayors to Feel
The President Doesn't Appreciate Some CHANCES

Mayors of the principal
cities Of the United States who
have undertaken to educate
the new administration on the
problem Of Federal-State rela-
tionships came away from
their initial White House
conferences profoundly dis
couraGed.
President Eisenhower talked
with them only briefly and
turned them over to his chief
of staff, Sherman Adams, for
the presentation of their case.
Neither man. the mayors felt,
understood their case nor
showed any real appreciation
of the social and economic
changes which have created
the great cities and their i'm
mense difficulties.
A few simple facts indicate
the nature of the mayors case.
The basic framework of
American Government, the
Constitution, was adopted in
1888 when this was q small,
redominantly rural Nation.
Today SO million or nearly two
thirds Of the total of 1856 mil
lion Americans live in cities.
Questions vital to their well
fare are still being handled
however in legislatures domi-
mated by representatives from
rural areas.
The budget figures drama
tize the growth Of the city.
The Federal Government has
the biggest budget but the
second biggest is not q State
budget, it is New York City'S.
Evening star., 1953-04-06

Gratis. The price Of its rescue
was the so-called peril point"
provisions still in the law.
which permits the United
States Tariff Commission to
readjust tariffs upward when
there Is an actual threat to
survival Of an American
industry.
The Tight against further
tariff reductions through the
Reciprocal Trade Program. un-
der which the State Depart
ment negotiates with other
nations, comes at q most criti-
cal time. For never was there
such Q need as now for easing
trade restrictions, 50 far as is
compatible with our domestic
industrial situation. That is
Q must" to bolster and protect
q sound economy In the COM
munity Of free nationD In
Evening star., 1953-04-06

Justice Harold H. Burton, who
was a Republican Senator from
Ohio when Harry Truman gave
him the first Supreme Court
vacancy to occur in the Tru-
man tenure of the presidency.
Justice Burton is still the only
Republican on the high court.
He speaks up for the mayors
OF course only privately and
impartially but out of a very
keen recollection of what it
was like to be mayor Of a great
American city - Cleveland
during the depression.
The problems of the States
are old. according to Justice
Burton. who has also served
in the Ohio Legislature. It is
in the cities which have de-
veloped to such formidable
size that the great social prob
lens now strike, he pointed
out. It is not too much to say,
he thought, that the cities are
the new frontier Of democracy.
With a wryly reminiscent
smile he added that a mayor
can never f1nd any one to pass
the buck to; the people know
where to find him and can get
to him. The Justice also
stressed that city government
shouldn't be q matter Of par
tisan politics.
Majority Leaders Taft and
Halleck are expected to spon-
sor bills calling for q commits
sion study Of the Federal-State
problem. The mayors hope for
adequate representation and
will press for a thorough hear
ing OF their point Of view.
Evening star., 1953-04-06

sion is being delegated by the
Chief Executive to make q
study Of the whole foreign
trade problem as Q basis for
future policy when the issue
must come up again q year
hence. The Reciprocal Trade
Program expires June so.
The only previous one-year
extension since the reciprocal
tariff policy was established 10
years ago was that voted by the
only Republican Congress dur
ing that time--the 80th, l047-
80. Extension then for q mini
mum period was only after q
terrific battle In Congress. ThA
House gutted the program. and
it was saved in the Senate by
the efforts Of the late Senator
Arthur Vandenberg, Republi-
can, Of Michigan. Foreign Re-
lationS Committee chairman,
In cooperation with Demo-
Evening star., 1953-04-06

a German army. of at least IL
divisions is incorporated into
the Western defense system
our capabilities to resist q
still possible Red onslaught
are extremely limited.
The Bonn government ear
marked nearly 18 months ago
$2la billion for rearmament.
But in spite Of all our en-
deavors. and the belief Of even
our French friends that Mr..
Adenauer is an honest man
and a sincere advocate Of Eu-
ropean federation as the only
hope for Europe's survival.
nothing has been done yet to
translate the blueprints of the
limited German army into an
effective force.
The recent Soviet peace Of
fensive has found few takers.
No responsible statesman is
willing to be lulled by the flut-
terings Of the Kremlin's peace
dove. Georgi Malenkov'S pro-
testationS must be backed by
some actual deeds such as an
agreement to restore German
unity and an actual disarma-
ment program.
Mr.. Adenauer will be re-
ceived with more cordiality
by our Government than many
other foreign political leaders.
He is known for his political
candor. The Chancellor is ex-
pected to put the $64 question
to President Eisenhower and
Secretary of State Dulles:
What do you contemplate
doing in the event the French
National Assembly continues
its delaying tactics tending to
postpone indefinitely the lin
tied rearmament of Western
Germany?"
At this moment, although
the White House is willing to
accept the gestures from Mos
cow at their face value, there
is unanimity of opinion in
Washington that we must not
let down our guard. And West
ern Germany is unquestion.
ably a part Of that guard.
If the Bonn government
were authorized to start in the
immediate future to organize
its IL fully armed treaty divi.
SionS, it is probable that the
Kremlin would become more
genuinely interested in peace
than it processes to be now.
The United States Senate
has ratified the EDO pact; so
has the British House of Com
mons and the German Bunde-
stag. It is possible, under the
circumstances, that in the face
of the obstructionist attitude
of the French National Assem-
bly, we may be willing to give
the green light to the West
German government to pro-
coed with a limited rearma-
ment which might increase
the Kremlin's desire to end the
cold war.
Evening star., 1953-04-06
Dorothy thompson
MoIenkov's Many Headaches
The Many Unhappy Situations He Faces Create Dangers
For the West; Most Acute Brains Are Badly Needed
Dorothy Thompson:

Before Stain was cold in
his grave this column pre-
dicted that the new Russian
government would start its
career with perhaps quite
sensational peace offers" We
arrived at this conclusion by
considering the logic in Ma
lenkov'S position.
Malenkov inherited Stalin's
power, but could not inherit
the authority Of a man who
had been built up for nearly a
generation as a demi-god.
Without the authority. he in
herited all the internal and
external headaches Of a vast
empire whose expansion has
complicated. not alleviated. its
problems. Malenkov is bound
to appraiSe his liabilities and
assets. Let US imagine what he
sees:
In East Europe the satellite
states with governments Of
career" Communists without
the slightest popular basis,
without even administrative.
managerial, or organizing
talent, and with their econ
omieS already drained by
Stains greed to make them
economic colonies. are no
longer q source Of economic
strength to the Soviet Union.
The trials accompanying the
purges, which began before
Stalin's death and were prob
ably interrupted by it. revealed
breakdowns in their productive
systems. failure Of agricultural
deliveries, internal struggles.
Evening star., 1953-04-06

which we have assumed the
leadership.
This is dramatized by the
trade not aid" slogan Of Great
Britain, for example. Britain
must sell here so she can get
the wherewithal to help her
maintain economic stability
and thus eliminate the neces-
sity of further direct aid from
us to as large a degree as pos
Sible. The same holds true Of
other nations in the free world
community. They cannot sell
to the extent that Is necessary
to sustain themselves because
of high duties charged for ad-
mission Of some Of their COM
modities.
There has been considerable
reduction Of tariffs in the last
several years through the mu-
tual bargaining available in the
reciprocal trade machinery.
That is an encouraging fact.
But there are still $500 duties
in effect and, of these, almost
500 are at rates exceeding so
per cent Of the value Of the
article, and several hundred
are at rates over Is per cent
of value. In the case of some
commodities that we need
badly, the tariffs are almost
prohibitive.
There is no intention, Of
course, Of our going on a free
trade basis. But, conversely,
neither can we 60 back to the
high tariff wall we built with
the Smoot- Hawley Tariff Act
of 1880 which, itself. brought
retaliation against us by other
nations. This pyramiding pro-
cess Of raising the other fel-
low by boosting the tariff walls
higher and higher Stif1ed trade
among nations all around and
contributed to the rise of
rampant nationalism which
was. itself. q factor In bringing
on World War II.
Through the years we have
gradually lowered the Smoot-
Hawley barrier and the need
is to keep pulling IL down more.
It was that bitter experience,
the trading and log-rolling In
Congress for two years to pro-
duce that n1onstrosity. that
led US finally to abandon the
making Of tariffs by Congress
and to delegate authority,
through the reciprocal trade
law, to the State Department
to negotiate In an atmosphere
Of calm and reason. This is q
monument to Cordell Hull.
then Secretary Of State, who
devised the reciprocal trade
policy
On her part. we must expect
from Western Europe. In fact
demand from her, that she
integrate her economy by re-
moving barriers between na.
tions there and eliminate ex-
elusive trade agreements Of the
cartel variety, to the end that
there may be q United States
OF Europe economically, rs
wen as politically. with free
movement Of trade among
those nations as among our
States.
President Eisenhower's prob
lens with the tariR issue are
complicated by the fact that