davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Iran MuddIes AIonq

Iran is passing through another of the
crisis periods that have occurred so often in
that country during the past two years.
Prime Minister Mossadegh, whose political
vitality seems to exceed in robustness his
physical health, appears launched on show
down battle with the Shah and all other
elements that stand in his path to a completely
autocratic rule. At this point, while the out
come of the main battle is still in doubt, some
of the collateral effects continuing to reduce
the country to a state of near anarchy.
ObSessed or at any rate pretending to be
convinced, that the Shah is plotting his politi-
cal destruction, the Prime Minister is directing
his current offensive at the army by demanding
parliamentary action that would give him
absolute control over the military and its lead
ership For these troubled two years, the army
has demonstrated tolerant loyalty toward
the young Shah and it was this relationship
that played such a large part in averting Reza
Pahlevis departure from the country and his
probable abdication nearly two months ago.
DR.. MoSsadegh's counteraction then was to
manage the custer of several army leaders, but
assured control by any means short of outright
usurpation of authority requires legislative
enactment
That the Prime Minister has not yet been
successful is due basically to the fact that only
70 seats in a Nails that should have 1856 were
filled in last winters election. In this circum-
stance, the hard core of Mossadegh supporters
numbers only 20 and is continually battling to
get quorum in attendance for its legislative
maneuvering Eight opposition deputies are
blocking the present effort by the simple ex-
pedent of refusing to attend the sessions. The
Mossadegh bloc is now asking for new elections
to fill the vacant 81 seats.
The impasse in which DR.. MoSSadegh finds
himself today developed out of realization by
various factions-the pro-Shah royalists, the
army and the Muslin bloc headed by Kashani-
that the Prime Minister'S most effective strategy
has been to neutraliZe or destroy each oppoSi-
ton group separately Their alliance, informal
though it may be, was born out of the February
March crisis and has proved real obstacle to
the Prime Minister ever since.
Meanwhile the Communist Tudeh Party
far from having power to take control Itself
has followed two courses. One Is that OF
supporting Dr. Mossadegh, even without his
sanction, in his strategy of trying to handcuff
his opposition. The other Is that of initiating
or joining in such anti-foreign demonstrations
as the recent attacks upon American property
and interests.
1t Is obvious that the whole situation in
Iran is an explosive one, made more so by the
that lost much of its life blood when the oil
industry and its large revenues were cut OH.
Soviet Russia's preoccupation with its own
new order appears to have afforded Iran q
breathing spell from one major menace but
there are no signs yet that the turning point
has been reached In a grievousy troubled era
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Gambling Tax Handicap

There are indications that the Internal
Revenue Bureau is trying to do the best 1t can
to enforce the Federal gambling tax law, now
that the Supreme Court has upheld it-but
the agency is laboring under heavy handicap.
Congress has directed it to enforce the law but
has refused to give 1t the extra money and men
required to do an effective job. The result Is
bound to be hit-or-nliSs enforcement of sort
that breeds disreSpect for the law and for
those charged with making 1t work.
Here in Washington the bureau is receiving
cooperation from the Police Department in
obtaining evidence for use in prosecuting stamp
law violators. United States Attorney Irelan
has received from the bureau about go local
cases in which violations of the stamp act are
suspected Included are half dozen gamblers
now serving short sentences for lottery offenses.
This group has pleaded guilty to falling to
register, buy stamps and pay excise taxes on
their earnings. The bureau has only one agent
assigned to studying the local stamp situation.
Necessarily the agent must rely on the police
for information. Fortunately for the Federal
Government, the local police are conducting an
active drive on gamblers at the present time.
The Federal authorities benefit from the police
Investigations.
Conditions are not 50 fortunate in many
other localities however. In some cities the
bureau cannot hope to enforce the stamp law
adequately unless 1t puts its own staff OF
investigators in the field. Congress has been
told that at least 1000 new agents are needed
to carry out the provisions of the act. Such
stan inevitably would be invading field of
gambling investigation ordinarily considered
within the domain of local law enforcement.
For, In order to make a case under the Federal
Law, 1t is necessary to prove in Federal court
that the defendant actually is gambler. This
cannot be done without detailed evidence re-
garding the suspects gambling operations and
income.
It was only to be expected, therefore, that
the bureaus efforts to shoulder its RESPONSE
bilities under the new law have been far from
impressive. Whereas proponents Of the law had
predicted that it would bring into the Treasury
up to $400 million a year in revenues, actual
collections during the first year the act was on
the books amounted to less than SO million.
That u q ridiculouSly small return when it Is
considered that the gambling racket nets its
promoters some 81 billion year according to
estimates of the Kefauver committed Con-
gress should face up to the fact that the Federal
gambling tax law Is a failure as it stands today.
It will continue to be failure as long as the
Internal Revenue Bureau is deprived of the
facilities needed to enforce 1t.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Beware of Impostors

It seems to me that the resident Of a
place called North Pole who wants to
change his name to Santa Claus for
business and pecuniary' reasons
should be discouraged from doing so.
If this man gains from his new name,
humanity will lose a long-beloved con-
cept. For after all, the Santa concept
has endured because it belongs to all
and is the property of no one.
We know that this matter will not go
unchallenged. Editors have always had
q tradition for reassuring children
when their belief in Santa is shaken.
Lionel X. Gamboa.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Exclamation Would Help

Several questions are raised by the Defense
Departments unexplained rejection of all bids
for a multimillion dollar power installation In
Washington State
If one answer is that the project itself re-
quireS restudy, the other questions become less
important. IT, however, the action is traceable
in whole or in part to the fact that the low
bidder for supplying generators and transform
ers on the project was British firm the re-
naming questions become rather embarrassing.
President Eisenhower has given encourage
ment in his several references to the desirability
of freer world commerce, to the trade, not
aid" philosophy which several foreign countries,
and Britain in particular, have proposed as q
step toward solving their dollar problems.
Despite restrictions of the BUY American" Act,
the previous administration applied liberal
Interpretation to the equation of price d1fferen-
tialS and q considerable number OF American
Government contracts were let to foreign
bidders.
While there have been occasions in which
differences in meeting specifications and de-
livery dates have disqualified foreign bids,
these obstacles have not been mentioned in the
current case.
Actually, the electrical industry in this
country is not a marginal one that requires
extraordinary protection from foreign competi-
t1on. 1t does, IN TACT, export an eStlmaCed luu
times the dollar value of products in that
category as against competitive imports. The
British industry, by accepted standards, is
high-quality producer for markets all over the
world. 1t would be illogical and damaging to
the very effort of aiding in revival of the free
worlds economy-as we'll as costly to the
American taxpayers-if the doors are to be
closed more tightly to low bidders from abroad
entering the American market. A Defense De-
partment explanation on this case, or state
ment of Government policy on the entire
problem, would be helpful.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Israel at the Age of Five

Today, as it celebrates the fifth anniversary
Of It's founding the young state of Israel has
good reason to take pride in its political and
economic accomplishments At the same time,
although it has responded with marked success
to the challenges of the past it must steel itself
to the problems Of the future. They press
ing upon it now, and they will continue to press
upon it for some years to come.
The most important of these problems, of
course, Is the problem of working out satis-
factory peace settlement with the Arab states.
The Arab states, for reasons that seem alto
gether convincing to them, deeply dislike and
distrust this new country in their midst. Wholly
apart from the fact that hundreds of thousands
Of their people have been driven into a tragic
refugee status by the Short-lived but extremely
bitter Palestine war, they fear that Israel
which at present Is decidedly superior to them
in such things as technology, skilled manpower
and industrial and agricultural techniqueS-
harborS long-range aggressive ambitions. That
is to say, they fear that it will undertake in
the future to expand outward, territorially and
otherwise at their expense. Whether reasonable
or not, here is frame of mind whose existence
is as real as the existence of the Middle East
and the government at Tel Aviv must reckon
with it most carefully-and so must our own
wives to the birth of the Israeli nation-in any
effort to establish harmony and stability in this
Strategically crucial region of the world.
There is no reason, actually why the Arab
states and Israel should not be able to live In
peace and prosper together. The fledgling Jew
1Sh homeland has a great deal to contribute
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Daylight Saving

Daylight Saving
It is selfish of the powers that be
to inflict daylight saving on innocent
children (who rebel against bedtime
at dark, let alone when it's light at
0p.m).
For those too young to remember,
daylight saving is an obsolete evil left
over from World War I. 1t was used
then for the sole purpose of lengthen-
ing the farmers day, as food was in
urgent demand. Now it is used for
golfers who think they need an extra
hour to chase a white pill around an
diversified lawn. If they only knew it,
a cleanup job on their own lawns
would suffice. II am not golf widow
either)
If thought there was the least
chance OF success would crusade with
other mothers to turn the neck of the
guy who introduced daylight saving;
then none of us would ever again be
obliged to turn the clock hands.
ROslyn B. Becker.
The matter of daylight saving has
oegeneraCeQ into much name-calllng.
I would like to inject into the matter
a new approach to the problem.
The most sensible arrangement for
changing time would be to set the
clocks one hour behind standard time
from the last Sunday in April to the
first Sunday after Labor Day and set
the clocks one hour ahead of standard
time for the balance of the year.
Permit me to enumerate a few Of
the advantages which would result:
CD Ordinary people would have longer
to sleep during the more restful part
of the day. The result would be more
efficient work. (2) Persons wishing to
garden or play golf or tennis could do
so before work. The results would be
better gardens and less likelihood of
heat exhaustion by sports enthusiasts.
90 Most of the winter rush-hour traffic
would be during daylight so that there
should be fewer traffic injuries. "a
Fuel-coal consumption during the year
would be more uniform 60 Longer
hours of darkness in summer evenings
would promote more marriages, which
is to the advantage of everybody.
]. Coggeshall. .
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Order of Business in Koreu

A truce in the vicinity of the area
in Korea in which prisoners of war are
to be exchanged is proper use of this
military device.
However. we seem to be considering
a truce. or more properly an armistice,
along the whole line in order to discuss
peace terms. without having any idea
of what the Communists will demand
and apparently without much idea of
what we ourselves will demand or are
willing to accept. This might lead to
another long period of fruitless dis
Evening star., 1953-04-20

to the Middle East, and If only the bitter pas
sions and animosities of the past could be put
aside and forgotten, mutually enriching
modus vivendi would not be too difficult to
achieve. This is a good date-this historic
anniversary-to emphasize that point. The
Arabs and the Jews alike have everything to
gain and nothing to lose from a def1nitive
settlement under which they could both thrive
in a bright and cooperative atmosphere OF
shared progress.
Evening star., 1953-04-20

@. How many towns in the United
States have railroad stations?-T. H. M.
A. The Association of American Rail-
roads has no data on the number Of
towns in the country which are served
by railroads There are some 10000
railroad stations in the country, but
again no specific figures can be quoted
because the number is constantly
changing.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. What is the purpose of the notch
on one end of a servicemans dog
tag?-J. E. Y.
A. The Department of Defense says
that the scooped-out notch is a guide
for the embossing machine and has
no significance as far as identification
is concerned.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Worlds Birth Rate
Returning to Normal
japanese Increase Slows,
But U. S. Level Still Is Hioh
By Thomos R. Henry

The worlds birth rate, at an all-timo
high just after the last war, is getting
back to normal.
This is the conclusion of DR.. Robert
c. Cook, acting director of the Popula-
tion Reference Bureau here. who has
just returned from tour of high pop
ulation areas of the Far East.
The postwar increase affected about
every country in the world. The decline
is far from as general. DR.. Cook finds.
1t has not been notable, as yet, in the
United States whose population still
is increasing at a rate of one person
every 13 seconds, or 800 every hour.
If this were to continue, he estimates,
the present population of 159 million
would be doubled by the year 1000.
Japan has had a drop OF 81 births
per thousand population in five years.
In Puerto Rico. the most explosive spot
in the Western world so far as popula-
tion increase is concerned, there has
been drop from about 43 per thousand
in 1947 to So per thousand in 1852. A
definite downward trend, Cook says,
also is apparent in Denmark. Italy, the
Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the
United Kingdom, Finland and Austria.
japanese Decline is Rapid.
"Japans birth rate" he says, Shows
one of the most rapid declines ever
recorded by major nation since the
advent OF the modern census. Western
European countries seem to be return
ing to the lower birth rates of pre-war
years. World War II and its aftermath
Or Of fnH1
The marriage rate remained high
during the war years in most countries,
and after demobilization, veterans
benefit and rehabilitation programs had
a stimulating effect on birth rates.
For several centuries the world rate
OF population growth has steadily in
creased. At the present growth rate Of
approximately one per cent q year,
world population will double in 10 years.
The last doubling took over a century.
Just what this latest trend toward
lower birth rates means in terms of
long-range population growth cannot
yet be determined. It does not presage
any quick resolution of the population
crisis for the simple reason that death
rates are falling more rapidly than
birth rates.
The present population increase pic
ture in the United States, Cook says, is:
One birth every nine seconds.
One death every 81 seconds.
One immigrant arriving every two
minutes.
One immigrant leaving every seven
minutes.
This all adds up to an increase of one
person eVerV IL seconds
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Questions and Answers

The ST I readers can get the answer to any
sue%1ion Of fact by either writing The Evening
Star Information Bureau. 1900 l street N W.,
WASH D c. and inclosing 8 cents re.
turn post age " by telephoninR Sterling 3-7363.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Farmer vs.. City SIicker

I have noticed that many letters con-
corning daylight saving are definitely
opposed to it. This only indicates that
the people who favor it have, from past
experience. been lulled into a state of
false complacency. They all seem to
believe that at the last minute Con-
gress automatically rushes through the
action necessary. Maybe it might be a
good thing if Congress didn't approve
the law so that the mess that developed
a few years back might occur again.
1t is hard to realize how people can for
get so soon.
I read with interest the letter from a
farmer who opposed daylight saving
time. It seems that some people who
live in a modern age still want to think
In the horse and buggy days. I speak
with authority when say that the
modern farmer sows his seed or grain
and cultivateS and harvests his crops
according to the weather and not ac-
cording to fast or slow time. When he
is planting or harvesting he will work
far into the night utilizing floodlight
on his tractor or just plain moonlight.
Just how often does farmer cut and
bale hay? He can't start until the dew
has dried and slow or fast time has
nothing to do with it. When he milks
a cow in the morning determines when
he will milk her in the evening.
Insofar as children are concerned, I
have noticed that my children always
go to sleep easier If allowed to play in
the yard after dinner instead of re-
manning in the house and then being
put to bed where they raise a rumpus
until ready to go to sleep.
PAfep Enrunam
Evening star., 1953-04-20

It seems to me that the farmer is
against daylight saving because he
wants to be an hour or so ahead of
everyone else. He wants to be working
in the dawn. the best and the coolest
part of the day in the summer months,
but he is against city folks exercising
this privilege. For that is all daylight
time amounts to. Instead of Offices,
banks, shops and stores beginning work
an hour earlier and closing an hour
earlier, it is much simpler to advance
the clocks an hour.
AS for women who complain that it
upsets their children's bedtime schedule
which is better to be concerned
about, their husbands happiness and
health or their own distress at having
children about an hour later?
To do without daylight saving in
summer is to be robbed of an hour
each day. The farmer makes certain
he isn't robbed for he has his own
daylight saving, since he can begin
work two hours earlier than city people.
David SeveIl.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Ducks in Dutch Flock
Lay 335 Eggs a Year


The worlds most remarkable egg
layers are flock of Dutch ducks.
They are reported by DR.. F. B. HUT,
professor of poultry husbandry at Cor.
nell in the official organ of the Amer
ican Genetics Association as COM
pletely outclassing any chickens any,
where IN the matter of converting raw
material into food for man."
These ducks average, he says, from
335 to $40 eggs each laying year Of
their lives. This is more than 95 per
cent OF the theoretical possibility of an
egg a day. In a recent New York test.
approximately 1000 hens from breeds
selected for high laying, produced an
average of 207 eggs per day-64 per
cent of the theoretical possibility.
$4,000 Birds in Flock.
The Dutch flock now consists of
about $4,000 birds. It was started with
small flock averaging only $50 eggs
per duck per year by former fisher
man and his son and has been built
up in about 80 years by careful breed
ing OF the best layers and culling of
the rest.
Now almost no culling is necessary,
DR.. HUT reports, and the mortality
rate is very low. The birds begin laying
at four-and-a-half months of age and
continue without stopping for the rest
of their lives. In 1889 the average was
300 eggs per bird. Since then it has in
creased by about 40 eggs
1t suggests, DR.. Hutt says that we
in North America may be looking to
the wrong species for our supply Of
eggs"
He points out that the ducks con-
sumo about 6,6 ounces Of egg per pound
of feed. An average for hens Is a little
more than four ounces.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-17

both horse artists of rare ability,
but still friends. have both APP
peared on the Chronicle covers
of late, "Broadie" with his por-
trait of Jane Clark on "her ia
vorite hunter" and Jean with a
portrait of Mrs. John j. McDon-
aid, Master of the Meadow
Brook Hounds. on her mare
F'licka.
Mary Drury was there from
Keswick watching her daughter
Terry finish third in the Junior
race; Hamilton Somerville of
Charlottesville. taking on a new
role as announcer; the Alvin
Bairds down to watch, their SON.
in-law, Mallory Nash, of Warren
ton. ride; the Melville Churches
from Warrenton with their usual
keen interest and Joseph Null
ford from near Middleburg, who
whooped the hounds on during
their race, an annual event run
on a drag line by the Rappahan-
mock farmers, that closes the
meet.
One year, not so long ago,
hounds jumped a live fox in the
brush next to the race course,
chased him over the mountain
and hadn't come back by dark,
leaving a wondering crowd.
This year, a large number of
the crowd took off for Leeway
Farm where Leon Greenway,
after winning two races during
the afternoon, felt en- rapport
with his party of owners. riders
and officials. Among his guests
were the Doug Laings, Doug's
father. William Laing, who
judged during the afternoon;
Maj. Keith Robinson of the
British Joint Services Mission,
who also judged; Don Patterson
from The Plains, the William
Hulberts. Randolph Duffy. the
Tony Walkers from Culpeper,
the Francis Greenes and Floris
van der Does of Middleburg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-17
First Lady
IsFeted

The honored guest at yester-
days Salvation Army luncheon
at the Statler was Mrs. Eisen-
hover. The benefit was spon-
sored by the members of the Ad-
visory Board of the District of
Columbia Salvation Army.
Among those attending were
Mrs. Martin Durkin. Nine. Nor
genstierne, Sonora de Vale, Sc
nora de Castro, Nine. Bonnet,
Sonora de Concheso, Nine. Thor
Thors, Nine. Darlington, Nine.
Yang, Sonora de Berckemeyer,
Mrs. Albert Y. Woodward and
Mrs. Wilton Persons.
Others were Mrs. Conger
Pratt, Mrs. Eugene Ritzke, Mrs.
Holmes Vogel, Mrs. Daniel Web
ster Ryan, Mr.. and Mrs. R. L.
O'Brien, jr., Mrs. Jess Bryan
Bennett, Mr.. and Mrs. G. M.
Christie, Capt. and Mrs. Francis
Ulen, Mrs. Emil Hurja, Judge
and Mrs. George D. Nelson, Mr..
and Mrs. Oscar Berry, Nine. v.
Rybar, Nine. U. Espaillat and
Col. and Mrs. Slavko Bjelajac.