davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-09-25
Thomas L. Stokes

Much attention has been
given to the dispute between
President Eisenhower and his
former Secretary of Labor,
Martin Durkin. over Taft
Hartley law revision proposals
and how much the President
actually had promised. That is
natural. since conflict is in
volved and conflict makes
news.
But, for the long range and
also important politically are
other issues relating to- at
titudes of the administration
and Congress which were in
fact. also raised before the
American Federation of Labor
convention in st Louis. but
were overshadowed by the
Taft-Hartley controversy.
Gen. Eisenhower conscious
ness of other issues was plainly
revealed in the message from
him that Vice President Nixon
read to the convention, in
which the President said:
Serious as is the particular
. piece of legislation dominating
the thoughts of your conven-
ton. it manifestly is but part
of the great problems facing
American labor today"
True, indeed. and to one OF
these former Secretary Dur
kin addressed himself in a Sec
ton of his own speech to the
convention which has been
overlooked in the emphasis on
the Taft Hartley affair
This was the way in which
the Republican Congress cut
his department Ito the bone"
as he put it. so as to cause a
sharp curtaiiment of the de-
partment'S services to work
ers. What was done to the
department by the Republican
Congress, with the acquies-
cence of the administration,
can properly be considered
against the background of
boasts made in every cam
paign by Republicans that it
was they who, in the Taft ad-
Evening star., 1953-09-25
Dorothy Thompson

Speaking before the U. N.
Assembly, the Soviet delegate.
Mr.. VishinSky, has repeated
previous Soviet proposals for
reducing international tension:
Prohibition and international
control of atomic and other
mass destruction weapons; re-
duction of the armed forces of
the great powers by one-third
within one year; liquidation of
military bases held by great
powers in other than their own
countries, and ending of prop
aganda inciting hatred and
enmity.
With regard to these points,
the Soivets. while rejecting the
Baruch plan, have never yet
clarified what form of inter-
Evening star., 1953-09-25
Dovid lawrence

They may have been cool
with their hands of applause
at the American Federation
of Labor convention in their
reception of Vice President
Nixon, who read a special mes
sage from President EiSen-
hover on labor problems. but
it is more important that the
labor-union leaders remain
cool in their heads as Congress
approaches the task of amend
ing the Taft-Hartley Act.
1t will not do the labor union
officials any good with the
country to accuse a man of
Dwight Eisenhower's integrity
of having violated his word or
broken his agreement, and it
would be wiser to accept Mr..
Nixon's explanation that what
occurred was "misunderstand-
ing" at the White House con-
corning the status of the pro-
posalS made by Martin Durkin,
former Secretary of Labor, to
change the labor management
law.
The President was very we'll
advised to send Vice President
Nixon to the AFL convention at
st. Louis and to let him talk
frankly in addition to reading
a special message. For Mr..
Nixon'S words implied clearly
that the administration is not
going to allow any such i'm
preston to grow throughout
the country as was fostered in
speeches earlier this week by
labor-uni leaders - namely.
that the President made and
broke an agreement" just be-
cause some members of his
staff showed a sympathetic at
titude toward some of Mr..
Durkin's ideas on amending
the Taft-Hartley Act.
If the union leaders want
to make an issue of it, there
is plenty that can be said by
the administration about the
real meaning of the amend
ments Mr.. Durkin sponsored.
The facts of political life to-
day. as shown by votes in The
last election. are that the rank
and file of labor are beginning
to be unhappy over dictator
ships within trade unions and
Evening star., 1953-09-25

of Defense Roger M. Kyes flew
into Turin, Italy's Little De-
troit," to look over the Fiat
plants that have orders to pro-
duce Sabre jet planes for NATO
fighting forces. He found them
30 per cent idle.
Americas Ambassador to Italy,
Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce, con-
ferred during the strikebound
day with Premier Pella. Pre-
sumably their talk included an
appraisal of the walkout.
Farm Strike Called.
The strike was called to en-
force workers demands for wage
increases and higher security
guarantees. The Italian Con-
federation of Industry claimed
these would cost $500 million a
year. The unions say Italy's in
dustries are making big profits
and could well stand to share
that much more with the work.
ing man.
The Communicated General
Labor Confederation declared
yesterdays walkout was only the
start of a new wave of labor agi-
tation. The union has called a
whole series Of strikes, starting
with a nation wide walkout of
agricultural workers October S.
Evening star., 1953-09-25

ever more firmly in the West
ern alliance and keeps the Bal
kans in a ferment.
Rome knows all this as we'll
as Washington and Belgrade,
of course. Hence Rome's feel
ing of desperation, Tito's cocki-
ness, and the State Depart
ment's urgent instructions to
United States diplomats. The
pile of messages signed
Dulles" on the desk of Am
bassador Clare Boothe Luce is
high but they can be summed
up succinctly: Keep your shirt
on"
Prime Minister Giuseppe
Pella is given credit for TAX
ing such advice from some
where. He naturally presses
Italy's claims. as her politi-
clans must, but he has re-
Trained from whipping up the
peoples emotions in the old
MusSolini- balcony style and he
has suggested alternative So
lutionS.
Premier Pella has been
widely regarded as stopgap.
If the Italians think as well
of his present behavior as does
the diplomatic corps, he may
last a long time.
United States military ad-
visers in Italy correctly decline
to discuss their own stake in
the situation. Ambassador
Evening star., 1953-09-25
1hon1os 1. Stokes
Mr.. Durkin's Other Complaints
Former Secretary Believed Unhappy With Budget Cu
In Department of Labor by Republican Congress

dered by a Government de-
partment; but you may safely
assume that the wage earners
are getting the least benefit
from the proper operation of
the Federal Government"
That strong statement would
indicate that, from his inside
position, Mr.. Durkin discov-
cred attitudes which it might
be inferred had their influence
also on his resignation, along
with failure of Taft-Hartley
revision. He seemed to be say
ing as much when he said later
in his convention speech that
Expressions current among
some representatives of man
agement and some represent
atives of the Republican Party
indicate that they are far, far
more conservative than even
Senator Taft"
This reporter has been
taken to task for some OBJ
servations in previous column
on the Durkin resignation
which were interpreted as i'm
plicationS that Mr.. Durkin
sat in the cabinet and as head
of his department as a repre-
sentative" of labor. 1t was
argued contrarily that a
cabinet member should not
be such. but should represent
all of the people.
Granting that this last may
be the ideal, it seldom has been
the practical result politically.
The administration, itself cer-
tainly took the view that it was
giving labor a representative
in the cabinet when it ap-
pointed Martin Durkin, a pro-
fessional labor leader. and did
not try to conceal either its
motive or the very patent
gesture. Mr.. Durkin regarded
himself as such, as he made
plain in his AFL speech when
he spoke of the Labor Depart
ment as one that is supposed
to look after the interests of
labor.
Secretary of Commerce Sin
clair Weeks regards himself as
Evening star., 1953-09-25

nished the FBI daily reports on
her undercover activities, in
cluding Communist meetings
that she attended with Roths-
child's wife, Communist meet
ings at the Rothschild home
and the statement that Mrs.
RothSchild was an officer in the
Communist Party. The FBI
report also included a state
ment from another witness
that Rothschild had solicited
him to Join the Communist
Party, etc, etc.
Despite the fact that the
loyalty board had all this in
formation they called no wit
nesses except those whom
Rothschild himself wanted
called. This was brought out
in the testimony before our
Investigations Subcommittee
by the chief of employe re-
lations at the Government
Printing Office, who testified
as follows:
The Chairman: Can you
tell me this: In the Rothschild
hearing you had before the
loyalty board only witnesses
who were suggested by Roths-
child. Is that the usual prac-
tice-to file letters of charges
against a man, and then hear
only the witnesses whom he
wants you to hear?"
Mr.. Mellor: That has been
the practice"
If further proof of the fall
lacy of the argument Let the
FBI do it" is needed, I quote
from the testimony of the
acting chairman of the loyalty
board:
Chairman: Let me ask you
this: The other day, as /
recall, you said your board
operated under the general
rule that mere membership in
the Communist Party was not
sufficient to bar a worker
under your loyalty program.
Is that the general rule under
which they operator"
Mr.. Hipsley: THAT is true"
Evening star., 1953-09-25

Constantine BrotDn is on
vacGtion. His guest columnist
for today is Senator Joseph r.
Mccarthy, Republican, of Wis
conSir, toho is annoyed By con-
slant erhortGtionS to "let the
FBI" expose CommuniStS.)
By Senotor Joseph R. Mccarthy
Those who object to the fact
that individuals and commit
tees have been exposing the
Communists who have infll-
trated our Government over
the past 20 years repeatedly
argue that the job should be
left to the Federal Bureau of
Investigation.
have heard Let the FBI do
it" so often that it sounds
almost like a broken record.
Even Senators who certainly
should know better have used
the Senate floor to urge that
committees should not expose
Communists because that is
the job of the FBI. The latest
Senator to put on such a per-
formance, as recall, was Sen
ator Monroney, on July 81,
1853.
Some have even argued that
it is a reflection upon the FBI
for a Senator or a committee
to expose Communists and
treason. For that reason I
shall use this space to again
attempt to lay to rest that
completely false argument.
Perhaps the best answer to
this argument was made by
one of the most competent and
outstanding men in Washing
ton, j. Edgar Hoover, the head
of the Federal Bureau of In
vestjgation. On March 26,
1947. Mr.. Hoover appeared
before the House Un-American
Activities Committee and
pointed out that the FB1 had
no power to fire any one
unless, of course, he was
working for the FBI.
AS an example of the limita-
ton of the FBI's power, he
Evening star., 1953-09-25

this, but they wanted all or
nothing. incidentally. the
newspaper headlines did not
emphasize one of the most i'm
portant things Gen. Eisen-
hover wrote in his message to
the AFL-something that 1t
took courage to say before such
an audience:
Even though the past six
years have revealed a number
or defects which should be
corrected. I believe that its
enactment (the Taft-Hartley
law was a substantial con-
tribution to the quest for
sounder abor-management re-
lations. I believe that the ex-
perience under the act has
confirmed it's essential sound
ness"
That doesn't sound like the
President is abandoning the
Taft Hartley Act. nor did he
in his message pledge himself
to sabotage the law by amend
ments that nullify its basic
principles. Instead, he prom
ised to cooperate in removing
clauses that might lead to
possible abuses and in adding
provisions to expedite the ad-
ministration of the statute.
But the whole story from the
administrations standpoint is
told briefly in a simple prin-
ciple which the President sug-
gested in his message might be
used as a guide in writing
amendments to the existing
law. That principle, as he ex-
presses it, is Ito allow freedom
for the healthy growth of
trade unions, while respecting
the legitimate rights of indi-
vidual workers. their employ
ers and the general public"
What the President hopes to
accomplish is to make sure
that the Taft Hartley Act re-
mains a law that does not en-
slave the worker by making
him the tool of union bosses
but emancipates him so that
his civil liberties are preserved.
That's liberalism in its best
sense
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-09-25
Strike in Italy Ends;
More Due as Power
OF Reds Is Studied
By the Assoeioted Press

! ROME, Sept. 25.-Millions of
Italian industrial workers trooped
back to work today after a "a
hour general strike that shut
down the nations production
facilities tighter than any walk
out since 1948. Their return left
observers with some tough ques-
tions to ponder.
There appeared little likelihood
that any quick answers would be
found to the perplexities, includ-
ing:
l. Can Communism's promised
winter offensive" of strikes
cripple Italy's arms production
for the North Atlantic alliance?
2. Can Premier Giuseppe Pei
las stopgap government meet its
pledges to the Atlantic pact and
the European union?
3 Has the strength of the Red
left surged back to the might
and fury which challenged the
nations democratic government
five years ago?
4. Or were the industrially
crippling walkouts yesterday
chiefly a political demon
stration of Italian labor's need
for a lot more jobs and higher
wages to meet the rising costs
of spaghetti and a place to live.
/ Non Reds in WalkOut.
! Both Communist and nom
Communist unions joined in the
walkout, a sure indication that it
stemmed from something be-
sides politics or the Reds anti
NATO campaign.
From the Alps to fruit-rich
Sicily. rs to 95 per cent of the
nations production machinery
lay idle yesterday.
United States Undersecretary
Evening star., 1953-09-25

failing to move out of the post
quarters at Fort Jay after his
transfer to Valley Forge, Pa.
The lieutenant contended that
illness of his wife and inability
to find other quarters for her and
his three children were the prin-
cipal reasons they we're not
moved until May IL. The Army
had told him to vacate by April
4.
Defense counsel also argued
that the order to vacate was
given verbally and not in writing
as it should have been and that
1t. Ackerman complied person.
ally although he left his family
behind.
The officer had applied for
discharge on hardship grounds
at the time of the incident.
Evening star., 1953-09-25
$282,295 in TiIIs
For Fight on Cancer
By the Assoeiotsd Press

CHARIOT TESvILLE, Va,
Sept. 25.-Virginia will have
1892, ,295.63 to spend in the wal
against cancer for the 1853 fis-
cal year, F. Bradley Peyton III.
treasurer and chairman of the
Virginia division Of the Ameri-
can Cancer Society said today.
This money will be used in
the society's three-fold program
of cancer research, cancer serv-
ice and cancer education during
the year beginning September /,
1858, Mr.. Peyton said.
Evening star., 1953-09-25

limit its commitments and en-
gagements insofar as this can
be done without danger to in
ternational security. If the
ears of Soviet leaders are
tuned to anything except the
sound of their own voices, and
if they really want an easement
of international tensions, they
should detect a new tone.
None Of the Soviet proposals.
even if sincere, could possibly
be realized except as a result
of political assuagement. An
ornaments race is originally
the result, not the cause, Of
international tension, and no
nation will reduce its arma-
ments unless or until it feels
safe to do so. Neither will it
liquidate its military outposts
nor end psychological war
fare" whose purpose. as Mr..
Vishinsky well knows from
Russian experience, is not only
to embarraSs an opponent but
to keep ones own people alert
ed to danger and in a posture
of defense.
A public forum. like the
United Nations, is hardly the
place to conduct successful
diplomacy. But in Mr.. Dulles
address there was a notable
lack of play to the public gall
lery and it contained nothing
which should make diplomatic
negotiations more rather than
less difficult.
Mr.. ViShinsky reacted, how
ever, as though nothing new
had been said. Perhaps the
Soviets, who have been de-
manding a different tone, are
actually so confused at home
that they don't know what to
do If an opportunity for as
suagement offers itself.
Or perhaps. as those who
best know Communism main
tain, they want no assuage-
ment except such as will fur
ther their own world plans.
Evening star., 1953-09-25
Officer Found Guilty
0fDisobeYing Orders
BY the Assoeiofed Press

FORT MEADE, Md, Sept. Is.
After celebrating for nearly
two hours, a Six-man court mar
tial board late last night found
1t. Norman Alderman guilty of
disobeying orders to vacate his
Army quarters at Fort Jay, N. Y.
The 28-year-old Army psychi-
artist. on trial since Tuesday. was
ordered to forfeit $140 of his
pay every month for six months.
The board also recommended
that the officer be reprimanded.
1t. Ackerman was charged with
Evening star., 1953-09-25
Agricultural Foirs

BOSTON.-Modern agricultu-
raj fairs in America date from
Colonial times when farmers put
their products on display in mar
ket towns, primarily for sale.
Evening star., 1953-09-25

representing business in the
cabinet. and has said so. It
was in that capacity, as a
matter of fact, that he, along
with others, blocked some of
Mr.. Durkin's proposals for
Taft Hartley revision.
Evening star., 1953-09-21
What 83d Congress Didn't Do
g. 0. P House Leader HoIeck in Confession or Two
Tells Of Action to Discontinue Waste and E><royooonce

past 20 years that our citizens
are finding it a bit difficult to
conceive that at long last they
have put a party in power
whose leaders meant what they
said last year.
In fairness to the incredu-
lous it must be pointed out
that the results of this deter
mined economy program will
not be evident to the general
public until after January /,
1854, when tax reductions go
into effect.
Which leads me to another
confession: The first session of
the SD Republican Congress
didn't boost tax rates, either.
Instead, throwing precedent
to the winds, it buckled down
to the hard work of cutting
out waste and extravaganza in
Federal operations with an eye
on bringing the national
budget into balance.
1t turned from the road to
ruinouS imitation through ir-
responsible fiscal policies to a
course directed toward achiev-
ing an honest and stable
dollar.
We have hauled our Gov
ernment's financial machinery
from the quicksands of ever
greater deficit spending and we
are moving it back to solid
ground.
Unless we had done this, tax
reductions next year would
have been a mockery, with
added take-home dollars con-
Sumed many times over by the
appetites Of runaway prices
which inevitably result when
any government continues to
spend increasingly beyond it's
means.
There were other significant
things the first session of the
Republican SD Congress didn't
do.
It didn't pass a lot of new
statutes for greater regimen
tation and control over the
Nations economic system.
It didn't haraSS business
with tighter restrictions and
regulations.
1t didn't put more road
blocks in the way of deserved
pay raises for the wage Garner
nor did it further discourage
the construction of new dwell
ings and the improvement #
old ones with sitter and more
inequitable rent laws.
To the anguish of the So
cialists, the 83d Republican
Congress has put an end to
unnecessary Government inter-
ference with business and in
dividuals. It has abolished
Nationwide economic con-
trolls.
Evening star., 1953-09-21

action can influence events
behind the iron curtain. SEN
ator Flanders is unique in be-
lieving that vigorous American
pressure for universal diSarma-
ment is the most effective
psychological weapon we could
use. Mr.. Mowrer thinks we
should set up satellite govern
ments in exile, and Mr.. Shub
thinks we should have given
decisive aid" to the "embat-
tied people of East Germany"
when they rose last June. In
the East Mr.. Hartman thinks
we should concentrate Zap
parently wholly on Point Four
aid. Mr.. Shub thinks "the
shortest road to peace and
freedom in Asia is through the
rebirth of freedom in Russia"
1t is impossible in a column
properly to summarize a five.
page symposium, but what
struck me was the cautious
reticence of Gen. Wedemeyer
compared to the civilians. and
especially to Mr.. Burnham and
Mr.. Shub.
And reading their recon-
mendations I was compelled to
ask myself. with what?"
Suppose we had given "de-
cisive aid" to the East German
revolt. Decisive" aid would
have involved military sup
port. The West Germans are
unarmed. No Western gov
ernment would have supported
US. Mr.. Shub seems to infer
land Mr.. Burnham to concur)
that Russia and the eastern
satellites would not have
moved, for he certainly cannot
believe that the five American
divisions in Europe could have
held the line if by decisive"
intervention we had set off a
counterattack.
The recommendation seems
to me totally irresponsible. It
is the kind Of talk that throws
other countries into panic.
Behind the ideas of the "dy-
namists" seems to be the tacit
assumption that the Soviet
bloc is so weak that one bold
push would topple it. Is it?
In the current issue of the
United States News and World
Report, an unnamed American
diplomat in Russia during and
Evening star., 1953-09-21
Dovid Lawrence

Bob Hope, the comedian,
talked back to a British audi
ence the other day when
heckled about "McCarthyism"
and said bluntly that the Wis
consin Senator was doing a
worthwhile work in drawing
attention to the Communist
menace. He added that he
thought Senator Mccarthy
was right SO per cent of the
time" si0 da
Now perhaps thaVso a little
high as percentages go among
those who odis6dss controversial
topics Afof4s nobody is right
80 ApeRn cent of the time, not
eReA9oa Washington cores
p06dent. But 1t is refreshing
to find one American of
prominence travelling abroad
who had the temerity to talk
back and give the Europeans
some facts.
1t would have been very help
full if Adlai Stevenson, the
the former presidential can
didate, had revealed in his
speech last week what answer
he had made to those abroad
with whom he discussed the
subject. For he says "Mc-
Carthyism" is now a world
wide word" and that as a
result of "inquisitions" and
book burning" he feels that
"the bright vision of the land
of the free" in Europe and
Asia has now become "ob-
scured."
There would seem to be
great need of attention by the
"Voice of America" to an ex-
position Of the truth in areas
where insidious misrepresenta-
ton of what is happening in
America has been carried on
by the Communist press and
by certain non-CommuniSt
newspapers abroad which are
trying to diScredit American
foreign policy generally. But
the press abroad, which re-
ceives wire reports from the
United States, can hardly be
blamed if the basic infor-
nation on some of these
controversies isn't even trans
mitted over the big press-as-
sociation wires of this coun-
try.
Take, for example, a speech
by Vice President Nixon three
Evening star., 1953-09-21
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

Agriculture Secretary promises Repub
cans will do everything possible keep them being
squeezed Benson the archconservative Of the Cabne
took him eight months to start talking like Dealer
Secretary of State Dulles says America may give asylum
to Polish delegate who boed the Reds Treasury Secretary
Humphrey says by all meanshe every taxpayer
he can beg borrow steal
Ike returns Washington six-week vacation OF
it wasn't all play He had devote politics
sighting his golf to go trout fishing.
Singer Dick Haynes to protect future wife Rita
Hayworh from debts he incur Hollywood lawyers
always step ahead of their clients
preparing for marriage their lawyers preparing the
next
Republicans end their two-day Chicago rally note of
optimism The administration is make mistakes bad
that voter in his right mind would blame them anybody
but the Democrats.
United States and Canadian Mayors head for intena
tona municipal conference Montreal
anxious to broaden their horzon-and find cities
other countries go broke. too.
France faces another general strike The French
at the It refuses to the
traditions of French anarchy