davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Well Received Down Under

The incloSed copy of letter from
an Australian friend of mine may be
Of interest to you, particularly his i'm
pressions and comments concerning
your excellent newspaper:
Dear Mr.. Cowart:
"You will be pleased to hear that
the inaugural edition of The Evening
Star reached us safely. and I find it
rather difficult to adequately express
to you our gratitude for sending these
interesting and historical issues. It
was indeed a most kindly thought on
your part, and we have all very much
enjoyed perusing them, and examining
the pictures illustrating this most i'm
portant event in American history, pro-
foundly affecting the welfare of the
whole world.
'It is really an education to receive
newspapers from other parts of the
world, and to compare them with our
own local issues. both as to size, type
face and general layout. Really we
were amazed at the enormous size of
this issue. and the vast field of journal
ism which it covered and wonder
just what amount of staff would be
necessary to produce a daily edition
of this magnitude. To read it from
cover to cover would take the greater
part of a day, should imagine, and
so it is sectionalized so that the reader
can turn straight to that portion of
the news in which he is interested, and
ignore the rest, if he is so inclined.
Once again, many, many thanks for
forwarding it to us, and we will put
IS
Sonal and historical interest. -.
American doings figure largely in
our daily newspapers, and we gather
from the news that, generally speak
ing, things are fairly prosperous over
there, although the burden of taxation
is extremely heavy, even as it is in
most parts of the world. Australia is
experiencing excellent seasons just
now, and things are booming all round,
so we have much to be thankful for.
"W. H. Bullock.
Brisbane, Australia"
Mr.. Bullock's conjecture as to the
size of The Stars staff has me curious
also. Will you kindly inform me so
that I may pass the word along to
him? Frank p. COwart,
CDR, u. S. N.
Editors note: At last counting, The
Star had some 1,5OO employees on the
payroll. including 205 engaged in writ
ing, editing or photographing news
matter; 1886 printers and other compos-
ing room workers; 102 pressmen and
125 full-time advertising personnel
There also are around $500 route
agents and newsboys who distribute
the paper)
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Words for Heritage

Uish that might capture beauty herei
And hold it fast upon this barren page.
A coin of words for your rich heritage
To comfort you tOhen lonely hours
appear.
They would be golden chains to bind
each fear,
A shield against the hurt that time
may 10age
Within your gentle heart. for storms
lOiI rage -
And crashing winds beat down. but
skies tDiH clear.
Though words are helpless to imprison
song
Yet, words are all my futile pen may
leGUe;
So this ask OF you. dream lovely
dreams,
I shall be with you, dear, tDhen nights
are long,
And p11en the euenin0 shadows softly
1DedUe
The dark, look for the brightest star
that CLEANS.
Carrie Hunter
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Virginia Needs Water?

Representative Broyhill'S bill to au-
thorize the District to sell more water to
Virginia is belated acknowledgment
by my opponent of last fall of the
validity of one Of my campaign argu-
mentS. There is no doubt that ad-
ditional water will be needed. My
present complaint is that the Congress-
mans action is incomplete. To further
encroach upon the Districts water
system is obviously an emergency meas
ure. What is really needed over here
is a connection to the Potomac River
of our own.
Limitations of the Districts water
system were we'll illustrated as recently
as last summer when two serious breaks
occurred in conduits in hot weather,
causing distress on both sides of the
river. The limitations of Virginia wells
were shown about the same time when
a local water company below Alexan-
dria brought in two wells whose pre-
dicted flow had been estimated at five
million gallons per day but which
actually yielded only one million. The
debacle in this case brought great
inconvenience upon number of
people.
Sufficient water for the Virginia shore
is not to be obtained from either wells
or the small streams of the region.
Apparently it has to come from far
back in the country, by way of the
Potomac and it's big tributary. the
Shenandoah. All the streams between
here and the James River are hardly
sufficient to equal this source. For
tunately, records indicate that the
Potomac can support the population
On both banks.
During my campaign I had hoped
that the chambers of commerce and
other civic groups. as well as the news
papers, would help me publicize this
proposition. but people were backward
in coming forward. suggest they may
safely do so now while there are no
political implications.
Richard L. Feldman.
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Evasion at Ponmuniom

The tactic of dragging out negotiations
interminably has been a favorite and often
an effective device as employed by the Com
muniSt powers in numerous efforts at resolving
some of the cold-war problems. Outstanding
examples have been the 258 meetings held over
the past seven years between representatives of
the Big Four-Soviet Russia, Britain, France
and the United States-on the question of an
Austrian peace treaty, and the months of con-
versations held last year on the subject of
truce in Korea.
General Harrison, chief United Nations
negotator at Panmunjom, has now suggested
that the Communists are resorting to the same
old trick in the recently renewed sessions there.
The issue of the moment is that of agreeing on
a neutral nation to serve as custodian for
prisoners, now held by the U. N. forces, who
have indicated they do not wish to be repatri-
ated to China or North Korea. The u. N. dele
gates, first proposing Sweden or Switzerland,
have now nominated Pakistan, one Of the Asian
nations repeatedly favored by the Communists
for this role.
without commitment on this nomination,
the Communist negotiators have shifted to a
demand that the prisoners must be transported
to the neutral country finally chosen and that
there must be advance agreement on the precise
functions of the neutral power.
General Harrison's answer is that time is
drawing to close and that unless the Com
munists accept one of the U. N. nominations,
or propose a mutually acceptable alternate,
1--WE have nothing further to say" The present
Communist behavior, he told a press confer
ence, "is strictly negotiating tactic intended
not to reach a reasonable agreement but to
gain their own objective and to wear us down
by words, or to try to draw us OF into side
issues, into Insignificant things. Well, we are
not drawn"
The chief U. N. negotiator has made 1t
clear that definition of the duties of the
neutral custodian can be framed quickly and
easily when agreement is reached on the nomi
nation. It is equally clear that the movement
of nearly $4,000 prisoners from Korea to some
distant neutral territory would pose nearly
impossible problems of transport, housing and
maihtenance-and that the motivation behind
this proposal is merely to make the prisoners
accessible to Red persuasion teams"
Actually, General Harrison says he has seen
nothing since the present talks began to prove
that the Communists really desire an armi-
stice." Whether they do or not, he is acting
quite properly in warning them that they must
make some direct answers and discontinue their
tactics Of evasive conversations.
Evening star., 1953-05-06
By George Kennedy

"One generation pasSeth away, and
another generation cometh," wrote the
author of Ecclesiastes. and nowhere
else does this seem to happen So quickly
as in the Army.
The thoughts Of 1t. Gen. Edward H.
Brooks, commander Of the I'd Army,
last week at Fort Meade. must have
been those "long, long thoughts" OF the
Longfellow poem.
With two exceptions, Gen, Brooks was
the last on the active ist-and he was
on his way out-of the corps COM
manders of the Crusade in Europe. One
exception was Gen. j. Lawton dight-
min Joe) Collins, the Chief Of Staff who
stood next to him in the retirement
ceremony. The other was Gen. Mat
thew Ridgway.
Gen. Brooks must have thought of
that cottage on the shore OF Lake
Winnepesaukee where he hopes to re-
new his acquaintance with his native
New Hampshire. But when the band
struck up the "Star Spangled Banner" !"
he must have thought Of that ceremony
at Innsbruck, Austria, on May S, 1945,
when, as commander Of the 9Th Corps,
he accepted from 1t. Gen. Erich
Brandenberg the surrender of the 10Th
German army. That was two days be-
fore the signing of the armistice in the
schoolhouSe in Rheims.
At 80, he must have felt still in his
prime. Rain began to fall when it came
time for him to make the inspection.
Tall and erect, he made it with quick
step and was back in place in a matter
Of minutes.
His was long career with more COM
bat experience than has fallen the lot
of most American professional soldiers
of this century. When the band broke
into "The Caissons Go Rolling Along"
as it passed him, it was tribute to
World War artilleryman who was cap
tain Of Sd Field Artillery battery at
Chateau Thierry in the summer of 1918
when the Germans were turned back
from their deepest penetration of
France.
Among the many ribbons on his
chest was one for the Distinguished
Service Cross. He was awarded it for
gallantry under fire in the Meuse-Ar-
gonne offensive in October, 1918, when
he jumped in an ammunition truck
after the driver was killed and drove it
away from enemy fire.
Gen. Brooks was born in Concord
N. H., Yankee from away back. He
has good Down East" accent and
his face is almost as long as Senator
Evening star., 1953-05-06
He Should Be Tried

ANY doubt which District officials may have
had about proceeding with the trial of insub-
ordination charges against Police Inspector
Bullock has been cleared away by the fortnight
opinion of Judge Hotzoff in the officers civil
action against the Commissioners. "Manlfestly,"
the court said, "the charges should be tried"
While hoding~that, in any event, Inspector
Bullock is entitled to a retirement annuity, the
Judge made it plain that such grave and
serious" charges as those pending against the
suspended officer should not be left hanging in
mid-air. Judge Holtzof is right. Trial before
a police board is the only way of clearing an
innocent officer or of convicting guilty one
and hence is in the public interest.
Judge Holtzoff ruled that the wording of
the retirement statute gives to the Commits
soners no authority to deny retirement or its
benefits to any police officer who qualities by
reason of age and length of service, regardless
of the quality of his service. Inspector Bullock
is fully eligible to retire, having reached the
age of SIS and having served more than 25 years
in the Police Department The judge stressed
that the annuity which Inspector Bullock will
receive has been partly paid for by his own
contributions to the retirement fund. The re-
mainder comes from trial board fines, rewards
won gifts bestowed, sales of unclaimed property
and. when required allotmentS from general
tax collections.
But Judge Holtzoff minced no words in
condemning any officer who may be found guilty
of such offenSes against good order and dis
cipline as are charged against Inspector Bullock
He said: Refusal by Government officer or
employe to disclose to proper authority sources
of outside income can hardly be treated with
Indifference For obvious reasons the public
has an interest in this matter This is especially
true in the case of laW-enforcement officers"
It is not only proper, but "in fact desirable" ;"
he added, to suspend Inspector Bullock "tor
a reasonable time" until the charges have been
disposed Of If found guilty, the opinion stated,
the officer may be punished by fine or other
disciplinary penalty-including removal from
the service" But even if dismissed, it was
stressed, the officer is entitled ito be placed
eventually on the retirement roll on the basis
of longevity and to receive an annuity.
It seems evident from this that under exist
ing law Inspector Bullock, if found guilty, could
be first dismissed from the force and then
placed on the retirement list and paid pension.
If the law permits such inconsistencies it should
be changed. It is one thing to allow dismissed
public servant to withdraw that part OF his
retirement fund represented by his own con-
tributions, but it is something else to reward
a faithleSs employe with additional DEMENT'S
paid for out of public funds.
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Air Force Plans Study
Of Arctic Ice Island
Scientists to Make Comp
On FIooting Moss
By Thomos R. Henry

Camped on an ancient, floating cake
OF ice north Of Alaska, which eventually
may drift over the North Pole, Air
Force scientists this summer will carry
out intensive studies Of the newest
phenomenon OF geography-the ice
island.
A preliminary report on last sum-
mef's work has just been published
by the Arctic Institute Of North Amer
lea. This year this work will be ex-
tended.
The island is roughly circular, 35
miles in circumference and five miles
across at its narrowest part. 1t has
all the appearance of a land surface
with hills, valleys, lakes, even one
small area which might pass for
sandy beach. It is in no sense an
iceberg, but presumably part of an old
ice shelf formed adjacent to land and
closely Stimulating land in its appear
ance, like the great Ross and Weddell
ice shelves in the Antarctic.
So Dirt Layers.
The preliminary report on the scien-
tific work carried out to date is by
Drs. A. P. Crary. r. D. Cotell and T. F.
Sexton, geophysicists of the Air Re-
search and Development Command.
They were concerned primarily with
determining the physical structure Of
the island. Near their campsite they
sunk hole So feet deep. In this hole
So distinct dirt layers were found.
Each layer presumably represented
what once hsd been the ice surface
when wind-blown and other debris had
become mixed with the melting water
in the summer and hence incorporated
in the ice itself when this water froze.
A very thin dirt layer was assumed to
represent short period of warm sum-
mers-perhapS single season. A thick
layer, on the other hand, is believed
to indicate an extended warm period.
Assuming that the thinnest layer re-
presents single year, the scientists
report, the thickness of the surface dirt
layer at present indicates approxi-
mately 100 years Of warm summers.
Freezes in August.
Between June and late August. lakes
appeared in all the troughS or hollows
of the island. From each lake channels
led to other lakes and eventually to
the sea. These channels were filled
with snow and were late in melting
but once they had melted through
water from the lake drained off quite
rapidly. Freezing started late in Au-
gust but it was unsafe to walk on the
lake ice until the middle of September.
Among the more notable discoveries
was that of two large sea mountains,
approximately 5000 feet high, near the
island. Approximately twice a week
soundings were obtained of the floor Of
the ocean over which the ice island
was drifting. The observations are too
few for any far-reaching conclusions,
but they indicate quite different pat
tern for the bottom of the Arctic than
has generally been assumed. It has
been pictured as deep. regular basin.
The soundings, on the other hand.
showed that depths varied from 5000
to 10000 feet. The new sea mountains
rose from depths of more than $4,000
feet
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Red China Trade

Secretary of State Dulles did not say that
he was referring to Senator Mccarthy when he
told a congressional committee yesterday:
There are those who would seek to impose upon
our friends and allies additional restrictions
upon their trade with the Communist world,
even in terms of non-strategic articles" II this
was intended, however, as an answer to Senator
McCarthyS comments on Monday, it falls far
short of being an adequate reply.
Senator Mccarthy was trying to find out
whether the State Department favored an
embargo by our allies on all trade with Red
China And he was particularly critical of the
fact that this Government still hires foreign
ships to haul American cargoeS even though
the operators of those ships are also doing
lively business with China.
This has nothing to do with the so-called
East-West trade problem. The arguments which
Justify continuing the historic trade patterns
between countries on both sides of the Iron
Curtain do not apply.
Senator Mccarthy was talking specifically
about trade with Red China--not trade with
the Communist world" to use Mr.. Dulles
expression We and our allies are fighting Red
China in Korea. Red Chinese aggression is
expanding in Indo-China. The United States
has clamped an embargo on all trade with
Red China by American shippers In view of
these facts it would seem that our policy ought
to be directed toward discouragng all trade
with the enemy, and certainly our own Gov
ernment should not be freely patronizing for
eign shippers who are carrying on trade IN
which our own shippers are forbidden to engage
If Mr. Dulles intends to debate the merits
of Senator McCarthy's position on this point,
he is letting himself in for some rough going.
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Congress and 'TideIonds'

BY an emphatic vote of Sc to 35 the Senate
has now joined the House in enacting legisla-
ton to settle the long-standing Federal-State
controversy over the so-called "tidelands." This
has been one of the hottest of all our postwar
domestic issues, none of which has been the
subject of more Misrepresentation or articulate
ignorance. To understand that, it is necessary
only to glance through the record of the pre-
tentious month-long filibuster staged by Mr..
Morse and what he has chosen to call-self-
righteouSly-his "little band of liberals"
AS in past Congresses, however, this "lttle
band of liberals" has utterly failed to convince
the large bipartisan majority. 1t has repeated
all of the old hackneyed arguments against
quitclaim legislation, all the old exaggera-
tions, all the old half-truths and distortions,
all the old impudent talk suggesting that men
of honor and integrity could not vote for such
legislation without tarring themselves with the
brush of larceny against the Nation. But men
of honor and integrity in both houses, Demo-
Gratis and Republicans alike, have nonetheless
voted for it.
Why? They have done so because of
firm conviction-a straightforward, sincere and
altogether honest conviction-that the States
chiefly involved in this issue are morally and
legally entitled to ownership of the submerged
lands and resources lying within their historic
seaward boundaries. In the case of Texas and
Florida, that means 1912 miles out, while in
the case of Louisiana, California and others,
it means miles out. AS for the vast area OF
the continental shelf beyond-an area that
contains the overwhelming bulk OF the Nations
offshore wealth-both the Senate and House
bills recognize that that belongs to the whole
country under the trusteeship of the Federal
Government
The House bill-enacted in March by
vote of 285 to 108-is better than the Senate
bill in that it more clearly defines and delinits
what belongs to the coastal States and what
to the country as whole. Further than that
it has the added virtue of providing specific
authority for national development Of the re-
sources in the Federal area But these differ
ences between the two versions can either be
~ reconciled in conference or taken care Of by
separate legislation The important thing is
that both point the way to fair and equitable
solution of an issue that has vexed the Nation
far too long.
Of course the "little band of liberals" still
cry that all this adds up to gigantic and
villainouS "give-away." And they say dark
things about how the issue will be carried again
to the Supreme Court. But the Supreme Court
has never ruled against the sort of action
taken by the Senate and House. Actually, far
from ruling against it, the justices have left
no room for doubt about the power of Congress
to enact such legislation. Accordingly, what
ever litigation may ensue, and despite the vetoes
of his predecessor, President Eisenhower will be
on sound ground when he signs-as he has
promised to-the quitclaim bill likely to be sent
to him in the very near future.
Evening star., 1953-05-06
A Fine Soldier Rates q Purtinq Salute

Harbor when Gen. Jacob L. DeVerS,
who was responsible for the formation
of the new armored force, came from
Fort Knox to Washington. He asked
Gen. Marshall for Brooks as the man
who would develop the mobile artillery
of the armored divisions. Brooks was
one Of the several right hands that
Marshall needed at the time, but the
general said: He will report to you
tomorrow"
The situation was fantastic. Europe
had been overrun by automotive
armored forces, the PanZer divisions,
but the United States, which had
ushered in a new age with the mass
production of automobiles, had next to
nothing. The horse had almost dis
appeared from the farm-but not from
the Army. Maj Gen. Adna r. Chaffee
had started to bring the ground forces
up to date in this respect, but he was a
sick man. He died in August, 1941. Gen.
Devers replaced him.
When Brooks got to Fort Knox we
had tank with popgun, 37-mm.
affair. We also had an armored vehicle
with 75-mm. gun on the side, which
had been shortened. This decreased the
muzzle velocity. It's projectiles were
later to bounce harmlessly of the
German tanks at Kassarine Pass. The
revolving turret was still to be de-
Veloped.
Brooks had a lot to do with the de-
velopment of the armored vehicle
carrying the 105-mm gun. A number
of them sent to Cairo in the late sum-
mer of 1912 helped win the battle of
El Alamein.
But every officer wants to be in the
field with troops. no matter how i'm
portant the development work behind
the lines. Brooks missed North Africa,
except for an inspection trip. But, when
D day finally arrived he was in COM
mand of the I'd Armored Division
which later was prominent in the
break-through at st. Lo. 1t went west,
crossed the Seine and was the first
allied unit to enter Belgium. Later he
had the 9Th Corps in Alsace with almost
100000 men under his command. His
units crossed the Rhine in March,
1945, took Heidelberg and moved on
into Austria. The surrender he accepted
at Innsbruck was part of the surrender
OF all German forces in lower Bavaria
and Austria to the 9Th Army Group
commanded by his old boss, Gen.
Devers.
Gen. Devers also retired, was at the
ceremony. "You can't say too much
about this man." he said when it was
over. There goes one of Americas
finest soldiers"
Evening star., 1953-05-06
Budqetinq Korean War

ClarkS0n j. Beall comments on dis
closure made during the recent am
munition hearings that Gen. Marshall
signed budget requests which were
based on the assumption that the war
in Korea would end in six months. Mr.
Beall then draws the conclusion that
Gen. Marshall and Gen. Bradley "have
been most horribly mistaken about the
whole Far Eastern situation from be-
ginning to end"
Like many others, Mr. Beall has been
misled.
In baSing budget requests on the six
months assumption, Generals Marshall
and Bradley (and other responsible
military leaders) did not believe the war
would end that soon. but they did be-
lieve that the appropriations, if they
were to be approved by Congress. would
have to be requested on fiscal-period-
'to-fiscal-period basis.
This was sound reasoning. An exam
pie will show why. The Navy indicated
that it needs one 60,000-ton aircraft
carrier every year for the next 10
years. It knows, however, that Congress
will not approve 10 carriers in one
budget, so 1t requests one IN each rs
cal budget. Last year, even this one
was refused by Congress. It was finally
restored to the budget only after the
Navy had pleaded and begged and
agreed to eliminate number of other
needed ships in order to build the car
riers.
Contrary to popular belief, it never
was a secret that the budget requests
were based on the assumption that
the war would end in six months. If
you check the appropriations hearings
testimony for each of the fiscal periods
since Korea began, you will find that
the responsible defense leaders told the
House and Senate each time that the
budget requests were being made on
that assumption. Congress was well in
formed of this fact, and never ques-
toned it. On LOCKER.