davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-06-26

the Senate Military Appropria-
tionS subcommittee, said that
under the Eisenhower admin
istration's program the Air Force
would have "120 real wings, not
activated cardboard wings" dur
ing the next year.
The. long-range goal of the
Truman administration was 143
wings. A wing ranges from 80
heavy bombers to rs fighters.
Year after year, Senator Fer
guson argued, Congress has ap-
propriated billions of dollars
more than the Air Force could
spend and this money has piled
up in unexpended funds.
Chairman Saltonstall Of the
Armed Services Committee said
Senator Symington's long and
vehement speech "gives us no
new facts"
More Modern Planes.
He said that under the Eisen-
hover program the Nation will
have more modern planes for
both the Air Force and the Navy
ready for combat than under
the larger goals of the Truman
administration.
Senator Symington, a former
Secretary of the Air Force, said
a recent study made under the
direction of the Defense Depart
ment shows that at least one
third Of Americas industrial ca
pacity could be destroyed and
13 million people killed by a
Evening star., 1953-06-26

international affairs. We all
hoped that in the present
tragically dangerous world
conditions the coalition would
live by the old slogan of "all
for one and one for ALL"
We recognized that France,
for instance, was in an acutely
weakened condition. But this
made it more necessary to do
everything in our power to
assist her. We realized that
Britain was working hard to
catch her breath and did
everything possible to support
her efforts. We acted in the
same manner toward the
minor members of the coali-
tion and at the same time did
our best to help our former
foes, the Germans, Japanese
and Italians.
Did this policy of ours stand
the test of time, which, con-
sidering the nature of po-
litical alliances, is necessarily
short? This we shall see soon.
But for the time being, judg-
ing by what the Republican
Party which was elected by
the American people last No
vember has stood for in the
past, there is no indication
that our allies are willing to
stand by us unless we yield to
their interests. And these
differ from ours.
Communism represented as a
positive physical force by the
U. S. S. r. is admittedly the
only cause of the present world
turmoil and our efforts in the
last few years have been di-
rected at frustrating the
kremlin's world-conqueSt aims.
We initiated the interven-
tion in Korea when Moscow
threw the North Korean forces
against the helpless South
Korean republic. This action
was supported by 16 members
OF the United Nations and a
number of them, including
Britain and the Common
wealth, sent more or less token
forces. The history of why we
did not achieve victory is well
known by this time through
out the United States. Post
mortems are seldom construc-
tive.
The question of the armi-
stice terms with the enemy,
whose attitude toward the
principles we have been de-
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Humphrey Beats Hosty Retreat
Secretary Has Learned That His HurdMoney Proposals
Really Are Hord-Hurd to Handle, That Is

gifts as a phrasemaker have
rarely been more adroitly en-
ployed. Sample: II suggest that
the President shift the Secre-
taries of the Treasury and Ag-
riculture. Mr.. Humphrey can
then keep the farmers income
up like he has done for the
bankers, and Mr.. Benson can
drive down the cost of doing
business"
Senator Kerr this weekend
is preparing to bore in on the.
question of interest rates with
a direct and personal chal-
lenge to the man he believes
to be the maSter-mind Of the
Humphrey strategy.
He is w. Randolph Burgess
for whom the position was
created of Deputy to the Sec
retary. This job not being
statutory, Mr.. Burgess did not
require Senate confirmation
and therefore no questions
were put to him about any
present connections with the
National City Bank with which
he was so long associated.
Senator Kerr intends to
challenge Mr.. Burgess to state
those connections, citing the
fact that Mr.. Tom Lyons name
was withdrawn for pension
reasons as Director of the
Bureau of Mines and that
Defense Secretary Wilson had
to sell his General Motors
stock. He will stress that he
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Friend in Need No Friend at All
Our Allies Boiled Out by u S. Now Threaten to ScuttIe
World Peace With Their Selfish Individual Interests
Constantine Brown:

Alliances are useful and
necessary, provided there is as
much harmony of interests be-
tween the allies as possible,
considering the inevitable
aspirations Of their members.
This applies to those between
political parties within a coun-
try as well as those among
nations.
Alliances bring together
strange bedfellows. In this
country we saw Republicans
and Southern Democrats get
together in the 82d Congress
to promote or defeat legisla-
ton or policies which they
found contrary to what they
considered the best interests
Of the Nation.
Now some of the Southern
Democrats wonder what has
happened to their Republican
associates who are now sup
porting and indorsing policies
which only a year or two ago
they denounced with unre-
strained bitterness. What has
happened to their battle cry
Of economy and balance the
budget or don't sell China
or Korea down the river"
There are always explanations
such as that new responsible
J tiles require certain revisions
of policies.
Alliances in the domestic as
well as international field have
one common denominator-
they are brittle. This brittle
ness has no real serious con-
sequences in domestic affairs
but can have tragic results in
the international scene.
We have allied ourselves
with our wartime associates
in a coalition that, if not the
greatest. is at least the cost
liest the world has ever heard
of. We assumed by necessity
that our allies are also our
friends. We hoped that there
would be only minor and in
evitable divergences of inter-
ests between us and the coun-
tries to which we have shown
over the years only selfleSsneSs
and iiberality.
We did not presume to i'm
pose our leadership on these
nations that we saved from
a desperate plight Immediate
ly after the war. But neither
did most Americans presume
that they would pull strings
skillfully and eventually lead
us by the nose in the maze of
Evening star., 1953-06-26

name Of the world rule Of
law, is now having to face the
fact that there is no world
law that can be enforced"
regardless of the national
interests involved. Nations
and their leaders will accept
U. N. aid to obtain their own
detectives, but will never
freely accept U. N. disciplines
if these run counter to those
interests and objectives. The
great powers awarded them
selves a veto in the Security
Council. But small and weak
states also invoke the veto
whichever their national exist
ence is challenged.
international unity over the
uses of armed force in pursuit
Of abstract ideals is impossible.
The concept cannot promote
peace. It can only assure per-
petual wars in the name of
peace, each threatening a uni
versal holocaust or ending in a
betrayal" or in changes of
fronts
The United States now has
troops IN 40 of the worlds 81
countries and air bases from
one end Of She earth to the
other. A mere change in
government Anywhere could
threaten them. Rpd because of
their existence We are COM
PEELED to upheld regl Ines, some
times Of dubious popularity.
and always subject Co shifts
of opinion. TO the native eye
these forces are armies Of oc-
cupation. and furnish one of
the most effective Russian
propaganda weapons.
In Korea we are now cat1glit
between two fires. We can't
side with the Communists
against Rhee, or with Hh1
against the Communists: as
odd position for cur c0unlFy
which has damned all neutra
Yet very few people have the
courage to demand q revision
of the whole policy which haS
put US into such q disastrous,
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Education Program
Urged on NAACP
To Fight Segregation
By the Associated Press

ST. LOUIS, June 26.-The
court battles against racial
segregation must be actively
backed up by community educa-
tional programs. the chief coun-
sci of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People said last night.
Thurgood Marshall, speaking
at the associations 44th annual
convention, said Eve again ap-
proach a climax in this fight. !"
referring to a Supreme Court
decision expected next fall on
segregation in Southern schools.
Sees Long Struggle.
''But the climax does not rep
resent the conclusion Of the
fight" he said. 1--WE can only
predict a long, intensive and
expensive struggle.
I'VE lawyers can assure you
Of a carefully planned program
of court cases, but this alone will
not suffice. It is imperative that
we have also an intensif1cation
of our community action by you,
so that in each community we
will have an active educational
campaign among our church
groups, fraternal groups, labor
unions and the general public,
constantly emphasizing the dis
astrous impact Of segregation"
Patrick E. German Of Chicago,
secretary-treasurer Of the AFL
Amalgamated Meat Cutters
Union, criticized Senator Nc
Carthy, Republican, Of Wiscon-
sin in another talk.
New Intolerance.
aside from the still existing
intolerance Of the Negro, the
Catholic, the Jew and the trade
unionist, there is another form
of intolerance developing which
perhaps is the most malignant
of ALL" Mr.. German said.
1.-THE type I now refer to is
that insidious, creeping and al
most unchallenged form Of in
tolerance, which is making cow
ards of Americans who should be
brave. I refer to the tongue
Stacking and bookburning DEM
agogues, as exemplified by SEN
ator Mccarthy of Wisconsin"
The national board of the
NAACP adopted a resolution
condemning the State Depart
ment for banning from its over
seas information libraries such
books as Clarence Streit's Union
Now" Bert Andrews washing
ton Witch Hunt" and Walter
Whites "a Rising Wind"
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Symington Charges
Budget Gets Priority
Over Air Defense
BY the Assceioted Press

Senator Symington, Democrat,
of Missouri has told the Senate
that the Eisenhower administra-
ton apparently intends to meet
the threat Of Soviet atomic
bombardment with "a firmly
balanced budget" instead Of an
adequate Air Force.
He charged that money, not
national security, was the pri-
mary consideration when the
Defense Department cut more
than $5 billion of the Air Force
budget for the fiscal year start
ing next Wednesday.
Senator Symington's maiden
speech in the Senate yesterday
was a thudding attack on De-
fense Secretary Wilson and other
new, inexperienced civilian
heads" who, he said, decided to
reduce the Nations air power
without the concurrence of a
single top military expert"
Senator Ferguson, Republican,
of Michigan and other Repub-
licans leaped to Secretary VIII
sons defense after Senator
Symington said "a wrecking
job" was being done on the Air
Force.
Ferguson Defends Move.
Senator Ferguson. who heads
Evening star., 1953-06-26

Tending with blood and sub
stance has not changed, Is Of
less Importance than the
thereafter. Will we be able to
put into effect at the forth
coming peace conference the
principles for which we have
bled for three years?
President Eisenhower is on
record as declaring solemnly
that we will work for the unity
Of Korea under a democratic
ally elected government in &C.
cordance with the U. N. resolu-
ton of 1850. He is equally on
record to oppose placing Red
China in the U. N. His chances
of success in sustaining the
American principles would be
better than good if the alliance
started in 1941, reaffirmed in
the North Atlantic pact Of
1949 and continued at least
nominally to this day were
willing to forget. temporarily,
its selfish individual interests
for a greater scope.
A cold analysis of the actual
situation would show how fool
hardy is the expectation of
our Government to implement
its pledges. Britain, which has
recently become the political
leader in Europe. is openly
and officially on record as IA
voring the admission of the
Chinese Communists to the
U. N. soon after the truce in
Korea is signed. The Con-
servative and the Labor Par
ties are in full agreement on
this subject.
Britain is urging us today to
take, drastic actions against
the "treacherous" Syngman
Rhee and make almost in
decent haste to sign an armi-
stice as soon as the Com
munists proclaim themselves
ready. And as Britain goes, so
goes Western Europe these
days.
The time soon will come
when it will be said that con-
cessions will have to be made
in order to maintain close
links between allies. Through
out the years we have been the
one making concessions. The
attitude of our allies on the
Far Eastern problem leaves no
doubt that we shall have to
make them once more.
But the American people
will be told not to worry-the
alliance will thus be saved.
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Fletcher KnebeI::
Potomac Fever
Horny Hunun

Johnson foreign information chief finally holds
conference the burned books issue big change has
Washington Once the city Of wresnow the city
of ghost books
Harry Truman lunches with the contributors to his Truman
library Harys collector getting easier
easier-prety book around Washington will
be
Democratic Senator Symngton claims nke's have
wrecked the Air Well thing at time Senator after
could wreck the whole Government at
Secretary State Achesons Korean policy of wait
ing for the dust settle has been changed to the Secretary
Dulles policy of waiting for the Roks to settle"
Representative Wheeler the Republicans
hire Federal workers in Georgia Well that's
the Democratic methods At least when
guy shows up for job now you know he can read.
Syngman Rhee backs down in his opposition to
Rhee the star of the Korean quiz showruce
consequences?
Postmaster Summerfeld asks $240mlion increase
This calculated to reduce the decto
nothing number Republicans who'll be left to worry
about it after the next election.
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Dishonesty Of Y. N. in Korea
Allied Statesmen, Not Rhee Are Trying to Fobricote
History Concerning the Objective Of the War
David Lawrence:

Who is telling the truth
about the original objective"
of the United Nations in the
Korean war? Is it Syngman
Rhee, or is it the allied states
men who ignore the written
words of the q. N. resolution
of october z, 1850, and the cir
cumstances under which the
U. N. General Assembly
adopted it?
Just a few days before the
fateful resolution was passed,
the United Nations armies un-
der the command of Gen.
Macarthur had been author
lied by the allied governments.
including Great Britain, to
cross the 38th Parallel, and
the war was being pursued to
a smashing victory over the
North Korean Communist
armies. Then came the inter
vention of the Communist
Chinese forces, and the U. N.
troops were repulSed because
the allies got cold feet and
refused to permit Gen. Mac
Arthur to use maximum force
to destroy enemy bases by air,
an absolute essential in mod
ern warfare.
But the U. N. did not adopt
any other resolution changing
in any way it's October Z, 1850,
declaration. Hence that reSo-
luton still stands as the Off
cial policy of the U. N. until
it is formally reversed, which
would certainly be more can
did and fortnight than diplo-
matte quibbling over what
plain English words really
mean.
Prime Minister Churchill
now says it was never intended
to unity Korea by force OF
arms. Gen. Mark Clark, in
his third anniversary message
this week to his troops-un-
doubtedly delivered under
orders from the Pentagon mil
itary politicians who feel they
must adhere to the Truman
Acheson line-sayS the original
objective was just to repel ag-
greSsion at the 38th Parallel.
In all candor, if this is true.
then the U. N. forces were
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Doris FIeeson:

The member of the Eisen-
hover team who has really
got troubles is the one who
impressed Washington initially
as its ablest player, Secretary
of the Treasury Humphrey.
Mr.. Humphrey is in full re-
treat from his original hard
money plans about which he
was so confident and the Fed
eral Reserve Board has had to
come to his rescue. The board
suddenly eaSed it's tight-money
rules with the frank explana-
ton that it wanted to help the
Treasury cope with the huge
borrowings it soon must make.
The Treasury estimates it
will need about Sc billion in
the next three months. and
this is what the reserve has
made possible. It's action was
taken In 1ull cOnSulCaClOn WIN
the Treasury,
The Treasury Secretary's
problems have also been the
subject Of much anxious
consultation at the White
House with experts outside
the Government as well as in
it. Members of Congress were
helped to share the worry by
q constant drumfire of Demo-
cratic criticism and comment
regarding Mr.. Humphreys
Washington career.
This is being largely led by
Senator Kerr Of Oklahoma,
the millionaire Gilman whose
Evening star., 1953-06-26

is merely asking for informa-
ton.
Mr.. Humphrey is primarily
a buSineSSman-a very success
full and creative one-and it is
Senator Kerr's conviction that
Mr.. Burgess is the villain.
On at least one occasion,
Treasury critics noted that it
borrowed funds at a higher in
terest rate than Wall Street
expected. They are of course
watching keenly for clues to
the interest to be offered on
the $6 billion borrowings soon
to come.
A friendly critic OF Secretary
Humphrey suggests that his
trouble has been the speed
with which he put his theories
into practice before he ex-
amined the conditions en-
countered in his new task. Ger
tainly those conditions were
far from ideal: still he must
have realized that new prob
lens are implicit in so huge a
national debt.
Those who know the Secre-
tary we'll anticipate that he
will find ways of coping with
his problems. They believe
him to be flexible and shrewd;
they count on his obvious pride
and determination. In this
group there are Republicans
who share the Kerr view Of
Mr.. Burgess though they will
never admit it publicly.
Evening star., 1953-06-26

sequent to its resolution Of
IS June 1850, that members
of the United Nations furnish
such assistance to the Repub-
lie of Korea as may be neces-
sary to repel the armed attack
and to restore international
peace and security in the area.
Recalling that the essential
objective of the resolutions of
the General Assembly referred
to above was the establishment
of a unified, independent and
democratic ernm e mt Of
Korea,
"1. Recommends that
"(A) All appropriate steps
be taken to insure conditions
of stability throughout Korea;
"(B) All constituent acts be
taken, including the holding Of
elections, under the auspices
of the United Nations, for the
establishment of a unified,
independent and democratic
government in the sovereign
state of Korea;
"(C) All sections and rep
resentative bodies Of the popu-
lation of Korea, South and
North. be invited to cooperate
with the organs Of the United
Nations in the restoration of
peace, in the holding Of elec-
tions and in the establishment.
of a unified government:
"D)) United Nations forces
should not remain in any part
Of Korea otherwise than so far
as necessary for achieving the
detectives specified in sub
paragraphs (A) and (B)
above;
Going back and rereading
the subparagraph lettered
"(A)," one finds the U. N.
resolving that the "United
Nations armed forces" are to
take "all appropriate steps" to
insure conditions of stability
throughout Korea"
1t would be more honorable
for the U. N. and its spokesmen
to admit frankly it's defeat and
its surrender to expediency
than to claim now it never in
tended to achieye military con-
troll by the U. N. forces over
all of Korea.
CpsAIsssa sausIa uoAonpo1dsa
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Dorothy Thompson:

This column is not going to
debate whether President Rhee
is right or wrong, wise or un-
wise. We only remark in pass
ing that the treatment of the
anti Communist Korean war
prisoners proposed in the ar
mistice agreement is another
Illustration Of the diminishing
status of man as a human
being. These prisoners are not
men," they are a category.
The question of how to dispose
o. this category was negotiated
for months, after which the
compromise was reached that
they should continue, perhaps
ad inf1nitum, to ne a category,
transferred for disposal to an
international committee, un-
less Communist teams can re-
wash their brains.
Winston Churchill may be-
rate DR.. Rhee as bitterly as he
chooses. The prisoners To
whom Rhee opened the gates
were not Englishmen. HAD
they been Britons, liberated by
Britons in defiance Of the
whole U. N, Mr.. Churchill
would have felt differently.
This Is the point-the point
to which our internationaliSt
ideologies are blind, assuming
as they do that the lives, pas
sionS. emotions and fates Of
men and nations can be gov
erned by the votes Of politi-
clans Of other countries, or
that unified military action
can be kept mobilized among
sovereign states for the abb
stract idea of repelling ag-
gresSion, or that any appreci-
able number Of people will
voluntarily and heroically die
for the u. N.
DR.. Rhee, whose republic
was the first beneficiary of
the q. N. police action" has
lin Hanson Baldwin's words
struck at the heart Of inter-
national military action"
The United States, which
initiated the action IN the
Evening star., 1953-06-26

themselves aggressors when
they crossed the 38th Parallel
and they had no business in
North Korea at all. Anybody
can form his own Judgment by
reading the exact text of the
U. N. resolution adopted on
October Z, 1850:
"The General Assembly,
Having regard to its reso-
lutions of IA November 1947
(112 QD). of IL December
1948 (195 (IIDO and of 81
October 1949 (293 QV)O,
Having received and con-
sidered the report of the
United Nations commission on
Korea,
Mindful of the fact that
the objectives set forth in the
resolutions referred to above
have not been fully accom-
plished and, in particular, that
the unification of Korea has
not yet been achieved, and
that an attempt has been made
by an armed attack from
North Korea to extinguish by
force the government of the
Republic Of Korea.
Recalling the General AS
sembly declaration of IL De-
cember 1948 that there has
been established a lawful gov
ernment (the government Of
the Republic of Korea) having
effective control and jurisdic-
ton over that part of Korea
where the United Nations
Temporary Commission on
Korea was able to observe and
consult and in which the great
majority of the people of Ko-
rea reside; that this govern
ment is based on elections
which were a valid expression
of the free will of the elec-
torate of that part of Korea
and which were observed by
the temporary commission;
and that this is the only such
government in Korea.
Having in mind that United
Nations armed forces are at
present operating in Korea in
accordance with the recon-
mendations of the Security
Council of q June 1850, sub
Evening star., 1953-06-26

sitting in her car awaiting Q
traffic light change.
The robbery, according to the
Associated Press, was at River
side drive and 145th street. The
bandit, a colored man, leaped in
to her car. flashed a gun and
threatened to kill her if She
screamed. He then rode to the
next traffic light, got out and
ran into Riverside Park.
Mrs. Parrott is staying with
her parents, the Andrew H.
Browns of $50 Park avenue, while
her 11-year-old son Thomas is
being treated in a New York
hospital.
Evening star., 1953-06-26

well-executed atomic attack.
This study also states that
our capability to stop these
bomberS runs from a high Of 20
per cent under ideal conditions
to a low of less than one-tenth
Of l per cent at low altitude or
at night"
Evening star., 1953-06-26
New Air Sufety Record

CHICAGO. June 26 (P.-The
National Safety Council reported
yesterday that United States air
lines set q new safety record for
domestic operations in 1852. The
rate was only .35 deaths per 100
million passenger miles. The
best previous rate was IL in 1850.
Evening star., 1953-06-26
Bandit Robs D. {. Woman
OF $500 Ring and 500

Mrs. Thomas Parrott. 1912 P
street NV, was robbed of a
$4,000 ring and $10O in cash in
New York City yesterday while