davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-09-07
Ry ihe Assoeioted Press

Two farm leaders disagreed
sharply yesterday on whether
the American farmer should be
allowed to meet competitive
prices in world markets.
HerSchel D. NeWsom, master
of the National Grange, said
during a television debate that
American farmers have "a moral
right to a certain part of the
world market"
He urged a realistic" ap-
proach to the problem, saying
you can't rule out competitive
prices in the world market, But
James G. Patton, president of
the National Farmers Union,
said such a policy would make
Second-class citizens out of
American farmers.
Should Drop Foreign Policy.
He said Americas food re-
serves should be used "as part OF
the foreign policy of this country
to fight Russian Communism. +"
American taxpayers, however,
should be willing to pay the diff
ference between American and
foreign prices 'just as they pay
for the guns" he added.
Mr.. Patton contended that the
wheat farmers vote for market
ing quotas meant that the farm
er actually is not chaf1ng at Fed
eral controls as some have pic
tured him
Mr.. Newsom asserted he did
not agree that it showed anything
of the sort. He said that as a
wheat farmer he voted for the
quotas because lin such serious
times I was willing to buy some
Evening star., 1953-09-07
Pennsylvania Defeats
D. e. Man in AmVets' Race

INDIANAPOLIS, Sept. T.
Henry j. Mahady, SO, lawyer and
real estate broker of Latrobe,
Pa, was elected national COM
mander of American Veterans of
World War II yesterday.
Mr.. Mahady defeated J. R.
(Pat) German of Washington,
D. c., 1919 to 1873 votes, on the
third ballot. Thomas Sawyer of
Durham, N. c., lost out in earlier
balloting. Gerard Buddy
Schrieber of New Orleans was
named judge advocate.
National vice commanders.
elected by districts, included
Walter Carylon, Shreveport, La.
and John Signer, Albany, N. Y.
Mrs. Betty Russell of Natick,
Mass, was elected president of
the Amvets national auxiliary.
Mr.. Mahady succeeds Marshall
E. Miller of Champaign, Ill, as
Amvet national commander.
Evening star., 1953-09-07
VA Reorganization
Effective Today, Is
Aimed al Economy
By theAssoeiated Press

A long-pending reorganiza-
ton of the Veterans Administra-
ton became effective today.
The basic reorganization plan
was worked out by former Ad-
ministrator Carl R. Gray, jr., for
the announced purpose of in
creasing efficiency and paving
the way for economies.
However, the plan was not ap-
proved by the White House un-
til after Mr.. Gray left Office last
July. VA officials told a reporter
yesterday it is not known yet
whether any present personnel
will be discharged because of
the changes.
They said fatty there would be
no increase in personnel solely
because of the reorganization
and no immediate promotions
growing out of it. They added,
however. that some officials re-
ceiving increased responsibilities
no doubt will be upgraded later.
Decentralize Authority.
Field station managers, who
heretofore have had to refer
many of their problems to Wash
ington, will be given more direct
authority in an effort to speed
up decisions and service to vet
Grams. Most of the actual change
will be made in Washington
headquarters, which will hence
forth be limited to an adminis-
trative staff and policy-making
core.
Supervision of the field Offices
will be shifted to three operat-
ing departments, each headed
by an acting deputy admins
traitor. These men, named last
July, are: Vice Admiral Joel T.
Boone, who will continue as chief
medical director heading an ex-
panded department of medicine
and surgery; Charles G. Beck,
for insurance; and E. E. Odum,
veterans benefits including COM
penSation, pensions, vocational
rehabilitation and education,
loan guarantee, guardianship and
contact.
Follows Costly Survey.
The reorganization, first basic
streamlining of the VA since
1880, followed an 18-month.
$605.000 survey of its operations
made by the Chicago manage
ment consultant firm of Booz,
Allen & Hamilton.
But Mr.. Gray said the final
plan was based only partly on
the firms recommendations.
Also included were other recon-
mendations of the Hoover Com
mission, VA staff members. con-
greSSional committees, veterans
organizations and others.
Evening star., 1953-09-07

burns,
moth holes
and tears ).
thriftily,
expertly,
invisibly
repaired
We invisibIy cave
coots, suits, sweaters,
dresses; woolens, silks,
royons or table linens.
Our own experts gather
the threads by hand and
restore the original pot
terms. Repairs guaranteed
for the life of the garment.
WE WILL ALSO REPAIR
handbags, zipPers, unn-
breIlos, hosiery and
clean and repair gloves,
wherever purchased.
WGL-Repoir Center
lst Floor Main BUILDING
Evening star., 1953-09-07
Some Speak Up in Soviet
Miss ToIstoy Asserts
BY the Assoeiated Press

Z NEW YORK, Sept. miss
Alexandra Tolstoy, daughter of
the late Russian novelist Leo
Tolstoy, says she has heard that
there are people in the Soviet
Union who are not afraid, as
before, to speak up"
Miss Tolstoy, on her return
yesterday from Germany, said
her information came from
sources in Berlin. She was in
Germany to open the Tolstoy
Foundations new home fr es-
capees. She is president of the
foundation, which aids refugees
from Russia.
Evening star., 1953-09-07
War Dead Honored

CHAUMONT. France, Sept. 7
tF9.-United States Represent
atives Scrivner, Republican, of
Kansas and Miller. Republican.
of Maryland yesterday joined
French officials in laying wreaths
to the memory of American dead
in two world wars at the French
American Memorial here. They
are members of House Armed
Services subcommittee in Eu-
rope to inspect American bases.
Evening star., 1953-09-07
Grange, Farmers UnionHeods
'Disuqree on Price Policies

time to put some sense into the
farm program.
Comment OH Benson.
Both men were asked what the
farmers thought of Ezra Taft
Benson, the new Republican Sec
retary of Agriculture.
Mr.. Newsom said he thought
farmers like him personally and
respect his long experience as a
farmer.
Mr.. Patton said his organiza-
tion had conducted no polls on
how farmers felt about Mr.. Ben
son. AS for his personal opinion
he added: II reserve that for
private conversations"
Evening star., 1953-09-07
Trailer Trucks Tractor
Stolen at Silver Sprinq

The tractor of trailer truck
valued at $4,000 was reported
stolen yesterday from the Mont
gomery County beer warehouse
in Silver Spring.
County police said the tractor
was owned by Raymond Wind
son, of Route 3, Bethesda.
Evening star., 1953-09-07
LARGEST U. S. Sound

RALEIGH.-AIbemarle Sound
in North Carolina is said to be
the largest fresh-water sound in
the United States.
Evening star., 1953-08-09

pares with $729 billion in new
spending approved for the previous
fiscal year by the last Truman Con-
gress.
The Republicans cannot take ex-
elusive credit for the positive ac-
complishments Of the new Congress.
Without Democratic help their rec
ord would have been dismal.
When details of the administra-
tons program came to a roll-call-
and frequently the decisions were
made without a record vote-the
President won about six times out
of seven in the Senate and four
times out of five in the House. But
without help from Democratic Con-
gressmen, the administration would
have lost three-f1fthS of it's "victo-
ries."
In many instances, of course, the
Democrats were merely voting for a
program originated by their own
party.
Such cooperation also was COM
mon under President Truman. Dur
ing the 82d Congress, when the par
ties also were closely divided, about
one-half of Mr.. Truman's legislative
victories came with Republican help.
Despite the publicity from its in
vestigations, the new Congress is
trailing recent sessions in quantity
of probes. The 83d Congress
launched 80 Investigations
not connected with pending legis-
lation. The first session of the 82d
Congress made more than $50 in
veStigationS. The most sensational
of the 1858 inquiries were aimed at
communism.
The short session left Congress
with much work undone, and q half
dozen major study commissions
promised to lengthen the list of
unfinished business even more by
January. It would be difficult to
complete the job next year and
still quit early for the campaigns.
Evening star., 1953-08-09
St. Laurent Has Edge in Canadian Election

OTTAWA.-Canadians will vote
tomorrow on whether to keep the
Liberal administration of Prime
Minister Louis ST. Laurent or replace
1t with Conservative government
which would adopt a sitter policy
toward the United States on trade
matters.
However, as the eight-week cam
paign ended last night with the
customary 24-hour political truce
before polling day, all signs pointed
to the reelection of the Liberal
government for it's fifth consecutive
term.
The Conservatives, led by former
Ontario Premier George Drew, have
waged vigorous campaign. Their
main commitments to the people
are that if they're elected to power
they will slash taxes by $500 million
a year; houseclean the federal cap
ital to end 'inefficiency, extrava-
gance and waste" and follow strong,
positive policies to bolster the coun-
try's Sagging export trade.
l8-Yeor Record
The Liberals are seeking re-elec-
ton on their record during 18 years
in Office. They deride what Prime
Minister st. Laurent described as
Mr.. Drew's reckless and unrealistic"
promises and accusations. They Of
fer only good government" and tax
cuts when the international situa-
ton warrants q slackening in de-
tense spending.
The Liberals have been so con-
fident of reelection that not even
the Korean armistice prompted
them to a more specific tax reduc-
tion promise. However, the armi-
stice likely weakened the appeal of
the Conservatives tax pledge by in
creasing hopes that the Liberals
would be able to reduce defense
spending.
A deficit which developed in
Canada's foreign trade during the
first six months of the year lent
substance to the Conservative
charge that the Liberals had
bungled badly with their trade
policies.
The Conservatives blame the
Liberals for not having done more
to maintain sales to Britain, espe-
cially of cheese, bacon, lumber.
apples, coarse grains and wheat.
The Liberals reply that Britain's
dollar shortage and high Canadian
prices are responsible for the drop
in Canadian sales to the sterling
area.
Tighter U. S. Tariff
AS the British market dried up,
the government here was able to
foster alternative and in many cases
more lucrative markets in the
United States for many of the prod
ucts Canada had formerly sold to
sterling countries. But recently the
United States administration. the
Congress and the Tariff Commission
have established tighter tariff
quotas and restrictions on some i'm
ports from Canada, and are con-
sidering applying such measures to
Evening star., 1953-08-09

reform) and Labor-Progressivo
(Communist) Parties.
It's been one of the calmest and
least exciting national election CAM
palgns in Canadian history. The
reasons lie in the general similarity
OF Grit and Tory programs, the alb
Sence OF gripping issues or colorfI
leaders and apparent increasing
realization that the Conservatives
chances of unseating the Liberal
government this election are very
slim. AS a result, public disinterest
amounting almost to apathy has
been evident throughout the cam
palgn, and expectations are that the
vote polled tomorrow may be the
lightest on record from a percentage
standpoint.
The Liberals held 181 seats when
the last Parliament was dissolved in
June, and most observers now be-
lieve they will be returned to Office
with approximately $50 seats. That
would give them comfortable but
not heavy majority of about II.
The Conservatives, who held 40
seats at dissolution, likely will come
back with about IS seats. The re-
mainder will be split among the So
cialistS, Socreds and independents.
Quebec Prospects
What has contributed most to the
apparent failure of the Tories bid
for power is the inability of con-
servatism to make a comeback in
the key province of Quebec.
Canada's million French speak
ing citizens. who form more than a
quarter of the entire population and
are concentrated in Quebec, hold
the balance of power in Canadian
federal politics. No party can ex-
pect by itself to control a majority
in Parliament unless it wins a SUBJ
stantial number of Quebec's rs par
liamentary diStricts-and the Lib
eral Party has had Quebec sewn UP
tightly since 1885.
Since the Tories expect to make
their greatest gains in Ontario, the
biggest. richest and most populous
province in Canada, the Liberals
have turned their big guns con-
stantly on the province throughout
the campaign. Mr.. st. Laurent,
confident of holding his native
Quebec, has done his most vigorous
campaigning in Ontario. Conse-
quently the Liberals anticipate q
little better than an even split Of
Ontario's IS parliamentary seats.
West of Ontario-in the three
prairie provinces and in the west
coast province of British Columbia
both the Liberals and the Con-
servatives stand to lose seats to the
CCF and Social Credit. East Of
Quebec, in the maritime provinces,
the Conservatives are likely to reg
lister moderate gains at the Liberals
expense.
But with nearly all Of Quebec and
half Of Ontario apparently certain
to vote Liberal tomorrow. continue
alton of Liberal government in
Canada for the next four years
seems assured.
Evening star., 1953-08-09
Witnesses
They Don't Make Any Money Off Expenses
When Congress Calls Them to Testify
BY George Beveridge

One thing you can say about Cap
itol Hill investigating committees:
They don't waste money on wit
neSSeS.
In fact, Congress gets downright
stingy when it reaches out for wit
ness-chair material. It makes no
difference whether the witness is
Subpoenaed or not.
To be sure, the House and Senate
give witnesses payment for their
trouble. But, significantly, the pay
ments are called "fees," not "ex-
penses" And if the witnesses can
live on the payments here, they've
found a way to beat ordinary hotel
and restaurant prices.
heeled. Those summoned by the
Senate are the luckiest money-wise.
They are allowed SO a day (unless
they are Government employees, in
which case they get nothing) plus
z cents a mile travel allowance.
The Senate tripled it's witness
payment just two years ago, mag
unanimously wiping out long stand
ing daily fee of So.
There is one complication for the
man who is hard up. Witnesses
get their money by mail after they
return home.
How 1t Works
Here's the way it works when a
committee summons a witness from
out of town:
o He spends his own money on
tickets. If he just doesn't have the
money, and that happens once in a
while, the committee arranges to get
a train or plane ticket to him.
o He spends his own money while
he's here. Most witnesses seem to
be able to do it. One summoned be-
fore a House committee recently.
however, couldn't. In his case few
of the committee staff aides dug
into their own pockets to get him
hotel and meal money.
Q After his appearance the witness
signs a fee and travel voucher and
takes of.
Q The voucher is signed by the
committee chairman, and the chair
man Of the House Administration
Cor Senate Rules) Committee, then
goes to the disbursing Office Of the
House or Senate. In most cases the
disbursing Offices figure the mileage
allowance. based on the nearest
route usually Travelled hy railroad"
Evening star., 1953-08-09

Acan Congress the eoth do
nothing" Congress.
There were many reasons why the
session was relatively unproductive:
First, the Republicans had just
gained control of Congress and the
White House, and for the first time
in 20 years the G. O. P. had to
work out legislative program. 1t
was hard to get started. Second,
President Eisenhower, through the
first five months of the session, de-
pended almost entirely on gentle
persuasion to promote the Repub-
lican program. It was not until the
last two months that he began to
put his political power and prestige
effectively to work. Third, many
G. o. P. Congressman proved them
selves still adept in their old role
Of the opposition. but slow to learn
the positive approach. Fourth, the
session was a short one and was in
terrupted in the Senate by MONTH
long filibuster against the tide
lands" bill.
Short CoIendor
The past session worked from the
shortest calendar OF important legis-
lation Of any recent session. Pres
ident Eisenhower asked for only A
specific major pieces of legislation,
according to a Congressional Quar-
terly tabulation. OF this number,
80, or 72 per cent, were enacted into
law; 3 were rejected, received
no attention from Congress, and
saw some action In one house
or the other.
In addition to the Chief Execu-
tive's list, Congress added one Of it's
own: A 20 per cent cut in the excise
tax on movies. The President had
to pocket veto that one.
This record compares favorably
with the first session Of the last
Democratic Congress. Then there
were 81 legislative requests but only
% deliveries. The G. o. P. 80th Con-
greSs in it's 1947 session had 106 bills
on it's calendar of major legislation,
and it passed 46 Of them.
Must List
The must-list success column was
swelled this year by 10 reorganiza-
ton plans, none of which was turned
down by Congress. OF the remaining
% major bills passed, were ex-
tensions OF programs already set up
Evening star., 1953-08-09

If the witness claims q specific
amount he gets it-as long as it
figures under cents mile.
In the House, money for witnesses
comes from funds authorized by
the House for specific investigations.
Without the special investigation
authorizations, committees could
draw on no money to pay wit
nesses. When Congress adjourned
last Monday, however, only three
House groups-Rules, House Ad-
ministration and Banking and Cur
rency-hadn't obtained such inves-
tigation allowances.
The Senate is little different.
It's committees also get most of
their inveStigative money by spe-
cial resolution. But, in addition,
each committee has $4,000 to start
with, a sort of extra general-ex-
pense kitty the House leaves out.
On neither side Of Capitol Hill
do committees actually get the in
vestigative money in hand. They
merely get authorization to spend
certain amounts from the House
and Senate contingent funds. The
only exception to this is Senator
McCarthy's Permanent Senate In
vestigating Subcommittee, which
since 1910 has been able to write
its own checks against an actual
appropriation.
Few Squowks
Maybe it's because witnesses have
more important things on their
minds. but committee aides say they
get few complaints about the fee
and travel allowances.
Some witnesses are surprised
that they get anything" one COM
mittee aid said. At times, he said,
witnesses claim no fees. If they seek
to testify. just to get their views on
the record, they get no fees anyway.
Occasionally, though, complaints
do come in. Included during the last
session was a travel-allowance
squawk from a former cabinet Of
flcer.
And a veteran Senate committee
clerk sadly recalled the plight of a
group Of moderate Income witnesses
Subpoenaed several years ago from
st. Louis.
They must have thought they
were going to get expenses" he said.
some even had their wives along.
When they heard about that 50 q
day. you should have heard them"
Evening star., 1953-08-09
By Richard FrykIund

The first session Of the SD Con-
gress was notable not for what it
did, but for what it did not do and
for what it showed promise Of doing.
Quantitatively the record was
mediocre. Only q surge Of hard
work in the last two weeks kept the
session from going down in the
books as the least productive since
World War II.
But significant in an appraisal
of. the session is the fact that there
was no move to exchange the New
Deal and Fair Deal for cold deck.
The new Republican Congress ap-
proved some reShuf1ing and indi-
Gated it would vote further changes
next year, but the essence of the
Democratic programs of the last 20
years was not threatened.
The 83d Congress did, however,
bring in some new-in the last 20
years-conceptS.
MuscIe-FIexinq
Congress attempted with some
success to assert itself as the equal
or superior of the executive branch
of the Government. In recent Tru-
man years, similar claims to power
were fought by the White House,
and the result was a legislative
stalemate. But President Eisen-
hover encouraged Congress in its
muScle-feXing.
The mechanics Of Government
make it necessary. of course, for
the President to propose most legis-
lation; but the Eisenhower proposals
usually were made to square with
Capitol Hill opinion, and details Of
the legislation were left up to Con-
gress.
How did Congress use It's new
strength?
First, to put more Of q business"
outlook In legislation. Although the
New and Fair Deals were not junked,
Congress attempted to alter Demo-
cratic programs so that they could
be better justified in an annual
stockholders report.
Second, there were indications
that some Of the power centralized
in Washington would be returned
to State and local governments.
Neither of these trends could yet
be called sweeping changes. The
session made bare beginning. But
Evening star., 1953-08-09

by previous administration and 1S
were new programs.
The extensions were: Reciprocal
trade agreements, international
wheat agreement, foreign aid, preSi-
Dental reorganization powers, rent
control in certain shortage areas, de-
tense priorities and scarce materials
control, excess profits tax and aid for
construction and for operation of
defenSe-area schools.
The new programs were: Admis-
sion of foreign refugees, States
rights "tidelands' act, a Federal
rights continental shelf" law, farm
credit revamping, wheat to Pakis-
tan, use of surplus agricultural
products for foreign relief, rehabili-
tation program for Korea, authori-
zation of new military construction,
establishment of a commission to
study Federal-State relations, es-
tabliShment of Small-buSineSS
commission, authorization of fac
tory inspections by the Food and
Drug Administration, customs SIM
plif1cation and authorization of the
sale Of Government-owned rubber
plants.
Rejects
The rejected proposals were:
Increase in postal rates, lifting of
the national debt ceiling and a reso-
luton criticizing Soviet enslave-
ment Of peoples (this died when
Democrats and Republicans could
not agree on criticism of Demo-
cratic action at Teheran, Yalta and
PoStdam).
These bills were ignored or put
off until next year: Extension of
social security coverage, revision of
the McCarran-Walter immigration
act, revision of the Taft-Hartley
labor law, statehood for Hawaii,
study Of District of Columbia home
rule and an increase in the number
Of District Commissioners.
The recent session did shine in
one OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. But
even that great effort was not
enough to balance the budget.
President Truman had estimated
that 1868 billion in new money
would be needed for the fiscal year
that started July of this year. But
President Eisenhower adjusted that
figure downward, ultimately to $3.50
billion. Congress however, cut more
deeply, voting only $53.5 billion for
the current fiscal year. This COM