davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-10-16

the present democratic repub-
lie, Western Europe exploited
Turkey mercilessly. The weak
sultans of the last 100 years
and their venal advisers made
this a nation of suckers.
America has been a revela-
ton to us since the days when
we began our fight for inde-
pendence from the great pow
ers "a years ago and her moral
help contributed to our estab-
fishing a progressive democ-
racy. We recognize that
throughout these short years
since we discovered you and
you discovered US, you never
asked for anything. The direct
assistance you started in 1947
was entirely unself1sh and in
tended to prevent us from be-
coming the victim of our pow
erful Russian neighbor."
Turkey is today a member
Of the U. N. and the NATO.
But its people have only lin
tied faith in both organiZa-
tions. To them, the United
States alone represents what
both these organizations should
be. The Turkish leaders are
realists. They fear that so
long as the U. =. S. r. re-
mains in the U. NJ, that Or
ganiZation will never achieve
the goals for which it was Gre
ated.
The NATO had a better and
more realistic start, and most
Ankara leaders hope that it
will live up to it's original pur-
pose. But they realize that
the NATO's weakness has in
creased rather than decreased
in the last 18 months. 1t has
one cominander-in-chi but
his voice is nc as decisive as
it should be. There have been
instances when he had to yield
to some of his allieG Subordi-
mates who are strongly backed
by their respective govern
ments. The Turks are fervent
believers in democracy eX-
cept in decisions in the chain
Of military command where
they believe that the top man
must have absolute power.
The frequent military -diplo-
matte frictions within the
NATO are worrying our Turk
ish friends. These, they fear,
have increased in geometric
proportion to Malenkov's So
called peace offensive" The
Evening star., 1953-10-16
Retaliation Can Destroy Russia
At Least That's What Senator Duff Sees as Result
Of Tour of NATO and u. S. Defenses Abroad

if trouble comes feel that they
have been losing ground, not
merely in sums appropriated
but in public support and un-
derstanding. The visits this
summer of Deputy Defense
Secretary Kyes. Air Force
Secretary Talbot and lesser
lights of the new administra-
ton team helped some.
1t is realized, however, that
it is equally necessary to i'm
press Budget Director Dodge
and Treasury Secretary Hum
phrey at this point.
No apprehensions were
voiced about the new Joint
Chiefs of Staff. Military real
tiles, it is believed, will pre-
vent any radical revision of
present planning.
Congress deserves some
sympathy, too, when it tries
next year to winnow out the
sheaf of conflicting claims for
countries, bases and military
enterprises that stretch out
over so vast an area in the
Pacific as we'll as the Atlantic
and Mediterranean. Many of
its members have travelled
widely this summer. Not all
of them work and some put
bazaars ahead of bases. But
enough apply themselves to
give some guidance to their
colleagues.
Morale of the services abroad
has suffered as much from the
reduction in force ordered
which was suddenly stopped
Evening star., 1953-10-16
Constantine Brown
Constontine Brown
What I urkey Thinks Of u. S.
Ankoro's Officials Note That We Gave UnseIfshy
To Make Democracy Become Alive in Turkey

ANKARA. Turkey (By Air
MaiD This is a composite
picture of heart-to-he talks
with leading political and mill
tary men in Turkey. Since
they were willing to let their
hair down and speak frankly
their names must be omitted.
Turkey has decided to throw
her lot with America in peace
as well as in war. The only
thing that may ever separate
us would be an unthinkable
resumption of actual appease-
ment toward Russia. America
takes precedence over the
United Nations and the NATO
insofar as this country is con-
cerned.
"You didn't have to buy
Turkey" said one prominent
leader. "We have joined you
Internationally and are de-
termined to stand by you re-
gardlesS of what the future
may have in store because we
are convinced that you have
no selfish motives.
Within half a century this
country has shrunk from an
empire extending from the
Danube to the Persian Gulf
to the present pocket size re-
public. During this shrinking
the leaders of the former en-
pire attempted all kind of alli-
ances with Western powers.
The Turks discovered that the
proof of the pudding is in the
eating.
I'VE have eaten" said my
Turkish friend, French, Brit
ish and German political pud-
dings. They all gave us indi-
gestion. During the last 100
years we formed alliances
with each of these powerful
empires and not once did they
play fair. We followed their
own selfish interest and we
had to suffer the consequences.
For every secondhand gun
or obsolete man of war they
gave us we paid through the
nose in economic concessions
and sacrifices of our mems
lives on the battlefields. They
gave us guns. for a considera-
tion,' then when we needed
ammunition we had to give
them further economic ad-
vantageS.
Until Kemal Ataturk shat
tered all past ties with the
Western powers after the First
World War and established
Evening star., 1953-10-16
Fletcher KnebeI-
,
Potomac Fever

Ike addresses the city
Ike happy to look into the young facesand realize
would be several before they could start voting
Democratic
Agriculture Secretary Benson in Kansas City seeks to
the farm revolt New Republican theme song How
the farmland away from the ballot
box?"
Labor Secretary Durkn returns to his old
get his cabinet members chair He's the first Democrat to take
something his Washington Office that didn't have be
burned right away.
Sir Winston Churchill the Nobel prize for literature
Winnie writes like angewho has just spent week end
in thunderstorm.
AnRed prisoners in Korea reject Communist "expana
tonS of why they should back They take detached view
of Communism-they'd like to be permanently detached
Samuel Browne brother of the Attorney
Federal education. Republicans job harder
used to hand jobs down from father the
Republicans try to them out in generation
Senator Pennsylvania Republican Committeeman
Owett political fatfoot This is considered compliment
in PENNSYLVANIA polics-it's printable.
Evening star., 1953-10-16

Despite this horrendous pic
ture. few suggest discontinue
ing psychological warfare"
which has never won either a
hot or cold war, but which
makes peaceful co-existence
impossible; or questioning a
doctrine of collective security
which threatens to turn every
local struggle into a general
war; or abandoning yelled
promises or suggestions for lib
Grating nations in the Soviet
grip or discouraging hopes Of
regaining strong position on
the Chinese mainland.
To suggest these is to be
"defeatist," while to tell the
American people that they
cannot defend themselves in
three years is not defeatist.
Being a somewhat rational
person, cannot follow this
argument.
Evening star., 1953-10-16
Business Faces Uncertainties
Threat of H-Bomb Attack and Cloudy Tax Reduction
Picture Make Planning Difficult at All Levels

are so interviewer into Gov
ernment expenditures as to be
substantially dependent upon
them"
This point came to light
earlier this week in Wiscon-
sin election. where the farmers
elected Democrat because of
a fear that price supports
might be taken away and a
further drop in income brought
about.
The Eisenhower administra-
tion is; getting a taste of what
is involved in the spending
forced on the Government by
what Mr.. Dodge calls habits
encouraged over the years"
and by "the. pressures that
have been built UP behind the
discovery of how much can be
done to benefit a particular
group or area as a result of
persuading the Government to
finance it from taxes levied
on all the people,"
But entirely apart from the
pressure for such local prof.
ects is the momentum behind
a bigger defense program. The
pressure is twofold-from those
who want to spend money To-
cally on civilian defense and
other projects in continental
United States, and from those
who want to spend more money
for big bombers to insure an
effective retaliation or threat
of it so that civilian defenses
will not be so necessary.
It's a debate involving bill
lions and billions-and the talk
about balancing the budget in
fiscal year 1855 or even later
becomes a hushed whisper as
plans of that kind are banded
about in inner circles. Mean
while, business waits for some
decision and some leadership
from Washington.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-10-16

question of ratification of the
European Defense Community
is held by them as a blatant
example of the lack of unity
between the U. N. members. =
THE NATO," say the Turk
ish leaders. "is not an alliance
but a coalition. And since the
threat which prompted its Gre
alton appears to some Of it's
wishfully thinking members to
have subsidized their efforts
have also followed the pattern
desired by Moscow"
Turkey continues to share
Americas views that the U. S.
S. r. may have changed its
tactics temporarily but has
certainly not changed its basic
concept of world domination.
Under these circumstances,
while pursuing a policy of COR
diality with the other men,
bers of the NATO, Turkeys
main hope for the future lies
in the closest possible rela-
tionship with America. Il
Recently, Lord Mountbatten
visited Istanbul. He suggested
that Turkeys prestige required
that her navy should have a
cruiser. Since America had
given her only destroyers, sub
marines and minelayers, he
offered such a warship in the
name of the British govern
ment.
The Turkish admirals rec
commended the acceptance Of
this gift. In their enthusiasm
they forgot that the joint war
planners had agreed that for
defense purposes against the
U. S. S. r. only small craft,
as already supplied by Amer
ica, were considered essential
and in keeping with the coun-
try'S resources.
When the m at ter was
brought to the attention of
the Turkish Minister of De-
fense and other responsible
officials who must husband
carefully the income of the
country and the American
military assistance, the Brit
ish government was courteous
ly thanked and the cruiser
was not accepted. 1t was real
lied in responsible quarters
that the offer had been
prompted more by diplomat
ic" motives than military ne
cessity considerations.
Evening star., 1953-10-16
R0K Honors 33, ,964 Killed
In Last Year Of War
BY the Asseeiated Pres.

SEOUL. Oct. 16.-South Korea
today honored it's 33,964 men
killed in the last year of the
Korean war.
The nations third joint me-
mortal services were held in
Seoul stadium this morning with
President Syngman Rhee, 9th
Army Commander Gen. Maxwell
D. Taylor, United States Ambas-
sador to Korea Ellis o. Briggs
and other U. N. and ROK dig
nitaries attending.
Emotional families of war
dead hugged Mr.. Rhee. held his
arms, took his hat and cried:
Please give us our sons back,
Mr.. President"
Mr.. Rhee burst into tears. It
was five minutes before the ex-
cited crowd let the president and
his wife depart.
Evening star., 1953-10-16

after much expensive prelimi-
nary work had been done-and
from reduced fringe benefits,
such as disqualification for de-
pendents, as from the actual
budget cuts ordered whose ef-
fects are in the future.
There was suddenly a feel
ing that the military, after all,
did not offer any security.
This is especially important to
men induced to stay in after
World War II experience. They
are approaching the age when
it will not be easy to start new
careers.
The fringe benefits which
may in an American commu-
nifty seem superfuous are vital
to men stationed abroad. It
will take very long time be-
fore the average American &C
ceptS the concept that world
responsibility means doing in
Rome as the Romans do. He
wants for his wife and chill
dren-and for himself, too
American ways. If he is not
to have them, it will be more
just to give him ample warn
ing. There will still be large
areas in which the living level
OF the surrounding country is
too low to be acceptable TO an
American on duty there in
peacetime.
The sheer magnitude of the
present military enterprise
tends to dwarf the men in
volved, but they are still a
charge upon the conscience of
the American people.
Evening star., 1953-10-16

than any other group. It was
not always so. They began to
organize on a large scale and
to operate lobbies here in
Washington after World War I
when, because of the loss of
foreign markets after the war.
the surplus problem became
more and more acute. The
farmers entry into Washing
ton was celebrated-and JUS
tltled-in an interesting little
book Uncle Reuben Comes to
Washington" the work of
Charles S. Barrett, represent
ing the National Farmers
Union. He told about other
lobbieS here and defended the
right of the farmers to one of
their own.
Agrarian distress grew out
of the surplus problem in the
early 1920s. In fact, it eX-
pressed itself in the 1922 Con-
gressional elections which sent
to Washington a number of
what were then known as
radical" or "inSurgent" men,
bers who bespoke the COM
plants of farmers and fought
for Federal farm relief legisla-
ton. Their proposed solution,
the McNary-Haugen bill, was
vetoed by Presidents Coolidge
and Hoover. and it was not
until 10 years after the first
wave Of farm relief agitators
arrived here that the political
rebellion of 1882 swept out the
Republican regime that had
established itself here in 1920.
BY 1882, of course. the de-
preston had extended from
the farm to the cities.
But it doesn't take 10 years
any more for the farmers
to register themselves with
Washington,
In fact. just as quick as you
can say Jack Robinson, as
Wisconsin demonstrated.
Evening star., 1953-10-16
u. S. May Agree to NeutroIs
Entering Korean Talks Later

Panmunjom meeting of the Com
munists agree to the American
conditions.
AS explained by officials here,
his instructions to exchange
views" with the Communists on
the composition of the confer
ence will mean something like
this:
Making it clear and distinct to
the Communists from the begin
ming that he cannot commit the
United States and it's allies in
any way to open the conference
to neutral participants, Mr.. Dean
will listen to whatever proposals
the Communists want to make
on the point. If they should
surprisingly-put forward some
thing that makes good sense to
him, he would report back to
this Government and Washing
ton representatives of it's Ko-
rean allies. 1t would be up to
them to decide.
In other words. one official
explained. the United States is
standing firmly on the U. N. reso-
luton for a two sided confer
ence, but does not want to give
the Communists grounds for
charges that we are blocking the
conference by refusing to listen
to their point of view.
AS it stands now, this Gov
ernment thinks it not unlikely
that the desirability of neutral
participation might develop at
some stage of the conference it.
self. after it has begun with only
belligerents taking part.
Position Is Clear.
Once the conference has got
rolling and some progress made.
it was pointed out, it might we'll
be that both sides would know
an acceptable compromise was
possible. For prestige or other
reasons. however, neither side
might come up with a proposal
to which the other could agree.
Then would be the time, they
said, to call in a neutral broker
who might be able to break the
logjam by putting up a third
party solution.
1t was emphasized that bring
ing neutral into the conference
at any stage would have to be
agreeable to all the U. N. partici-
pants-including South Korea.
South Korea President Syn
gilman Rhee'S violent distrust of
India would appear to make i'm
probable any agreement for In
dian participation in the con-
ference. But some American
officials hope MIR. Rhee can be
brought around to accept India
if conditions develop during the
conference that would indicate
India could make a contribution
toward a solution acceptable to
the South Koreans.
There appears practically no
chance that South Korea would
agree to India's taking part from
the beginning of the conference,
however.
Evening star., 1953-10-16

sooner. Another is that the
Government has always wait
ed till January / to disclose its
budget. But already some in
formal impressions are being
conveyed to the public which
show the handwriting on the
wall.
Thus. Joseph M. Dodge, di-
rector of the budget. who is
noted for his caution and con-
servative approach. has just
made speech which tells that
the wind isn't blowing too
favorably in the direction of
budget balancing or tax reduc-
ton. He put it succinctly the
other day:
"The facts suggest that we
are in a costly trap of built-up
dollar demands on the Govern
ment for domestic purposes,
many of them made manda-
tory by existing legislation, on
which there have been imposed
staggering expenditures for our
national security. The source
Of payment is in taxes or in
increased Government, debt"
Then the budget director
goes on to say that every issue
is subjected to the impact of
the extremely varied views and
objectives arising from special
areas of interest or RESPONSE
bility and all the public and
congressional pressures which
can be made to serve them"
This is a reference, of course,
to the political realism which
every administration must take
into account. But Mr.. Dodge
also points out that from an
economic standpoint drastic
budget cutting isn't healthy.
He adds:
There are the possible dis
turbing effects on the economy
Of action that is too abrupt
and we cannot ignore the large
areas of human welfare that
Evening star., 1953-10-16
Dorothy Thompson
The Facts Of Life-ond Death
We Are Sitting Ducks for E-Bonbers From Russia,
But Just What Are We Supposed to Do About It9

ther than expansion" of the
defense budget-not as many
air wings are presently con-
templated as President Tru-
man advised. that one should
preserve the Nations nervous
assets against fear and despair,
while maintaining the hope
that the Russians can be held
off by ever-greater technolog-
ical development here, and the
knowledge of what we can do
to them in repriSal.
To this the Russians have
two answers. The United
States, IS per cent urbanized,
is more vulnerable than the
U. S. S. r., and the Commu-
mist Party is better able to
deal with crazed masses than
any one else. So in an arma-
mentS race as an instrument
of political blackmail, the
Russians have the edge.
Evening star., 1953-10-16
David Lowrence-

Two big uncertainties face
the business world, and the
Eisenhower administration has
not yet been able to remove
them.
One relates to the manner
in which the United States
plans to meet the threat of an
H-bomb or A-bomb attack.
The other relates to the fact
that, with certain types of
taxes due to be repealed next
year, the Treasury is con-
fronted with a huge loss in
revenue which can only be
made up by some other kinds
of taxes.
The news emanating from
Washington in recent days has
indicated pretty clearly that
a balanced budget in the fis-
cal year beginning July l,
1854, is out of the question and
also that for the fiscal year
beginning July l, 1855, it is
touch and go whether a bal
ance can be achieved.
Business planning is dim
cult when there is uncertainty.
Even if the news is bad on the
subject of taxes, businessmen
want to know sufficiently in
advance to figure out how to
adjust themselves to a new
situation. Prolonged indeci-
sion, therefore, is not very
good for the health of the
business community.
Administration officials here
abouts seem to think that de-
ciSions can be announced
around the first of January.
This is a bit late in planning
for 1954's business operations.
One reason for this delay is
that the process of examining
the thousand and one eSti-
mates from the different de-
partments and agencies can
not possibly be concluded
Evening star., 1953-10-16

helped to inculcate, was mag
nifled by a speech by Harold
Stassen in which he profeSsed
to speak for the party and it's J.,
candidate. To Eastern cam
paign headquarters this was
just another campaign speech
but not so to Harry Tru-
man. nor to the farmers whom
the President alerted about it.
The President did not quote
Harold Stassen for himself.
Instead he used a clipping
from the Wall Street Journal,
an editorial explaining what
Mr.. Stassen really meant"
and what Mr.. Stassen really
meant" it seemed, was that
the Republican Party. if
elected, intended to reduce
Federal farm benefits. At an
appropriate point in his speech,
Mr.. Truman would pull this
clipping from his pocket, read
it, wave it before the crowds
that gathered back of his
train, and stress that this was
not something that he. Harry
Truman, was saying. but what
the Wall Street Journal was
saying, adding that the news
paper certainly knew what
those fellows in Wall Street
really were planning to do. 1t
was denlagoguery, but it
worked-and the clipping got
dog-eared in its work.
So, in the 1852 campaign,
Gen. Eisenhower went all out
for the farmers, promising
them 100 per cent of parity
and all sorts of other nice
things. He seemed so earnest
and sincere that the farmers
took him at his word and SO
we witnessed another great
mass movement of farmers
back into the Republican
Party again, a traditional ref
uge. What happened in Wis
consin's 9Th district indi-
Gated disillusionment, a disil-
luSionment that seemed to in
clude the President. for the
Republican candidate kept his
image aloft and did obeisance
before it constantly.
Though supposedly indivi-
dualiSts, farmers are organ
lied more effectively, beth
economically and politically,
Evening star., 1953-10-16
Doris FIeeson-

Senator Duff, Republican, of
Pennsylvania, is a rugged
character not easy to impress.
When he alighted at Casa
blanca from a tour of NATO
and United States defense po-
sitions in Europe and around
the rim of the Mediterranean,
he said:
If the Russians attack the
United States, they can GER
tainly get through to some
extent and do us a lot of
damage. But any that man
age to get back will find Rus
sia destroyed"
This is a handsome tribute
to the planning that has been
done in the last few years.
Senator Duff is a member of
an Armed Services subcom-
mittee which went abroad to
study it. Senator Francis Case
is its chairman, and Senator
John Stennis of Mississippi it's
third member.
Senator Duff appears will
ling at least to fight for the
concept that Russia can be
deferred from war by the mill
tary power, including atomic
and hydrogen bombs. that can
be launched from present posi-
tions Of strength. The real
verdict on it must come in the
Appropriations Committees
however, for every military de-
cision these days is an eco
nomic decision.
Abroad, the commanders
who will be held responsible
Evening star., 1953-10-16
Thomas L. Stokes
Farmers Will Be Heord-L Loud|v
Agrorion Distress Invariably Means Distress Also
For Whichever Party Happens to Hold the Rens

Which is the most power
full group politically in our
country?
The answer probably would
be the farmers" and. if any
proof is needed. we seem to
have it again. This is in the
way Republican Party leaders
were thrown into the jitters
by a single, isolated special
election in which a total of
49,062 votes were cast, namely
that in WiSconSin's 9th dis
trict where Democrats elected
a member of the House of
Representatives for the first
time.
Immediately Republicans saw
the hand of the farmer,
though labor also is repre-
sented there. and it is trib-
ute to the power of the farmer
that the setback in this one
district was accepted promptly
as a barometer of farm dis
content over our vast agri-
cultural domain.
We saw that power exert
itself only last November
when the farmers trooped
back into the Republican
Party to sweep the whole agri-
cultural Midwest into the Re-
publican column and build up
what has come to be known
as the Eisenhower landslide"
Farmers, of course, cannot
take entire credit for that
upheaval. Many others con-
tributed.
But it was the farmers four
years before, in 1948, who
proved the balance of power
and decided that Harry S. Tru-
man would be President for
another four years. though
Gov. Dewey of New York had
been virtually conceded the
election until election day it
self. Farmers were displeased
then over the failure of the
Both Republican Congress to
provide sufficient grain stor-
age. a sleeper" issue which
unknowing city slickers who
are predominant in Eastern
campaign headquarters did not
wake up to until too late.
Skepticism among farmers
about the Republican Party
and its candidate, which this