davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

Senator Taft delays final vote on Charles Bohlen as
Ambassador to Russia Taft afraid Of standing BY the
time the Republicans through with other this fight
he's not any Of them will be able to stand.
Senator Mccarthy accuses Secretary Of State Dulles of
double talk" the Bohen fight Eveythngs
Dean Acheson doubled up with laughter.
doctors orders that sent Harry Truman
to Hawaii No doctor would let Harry sit home read the
Mccarthy Dulles from Washngton-for fear he'd split
his sides
4
Diplomats think Malenkov angling a conference with
Ike Malenkov certainly acting pots been week since
he shot at
Chairman Miller of the Interior Committee blocks
to throw cocktail party in committee Why should
the Congressman stand around talking to
they subpoena witnesses give transformation
they need?
The CZechosovaka Communist parliament unanimously
elects Anonn Zapoocky president Zapoocky popular with
all the Red leaders Only nobody would against
the kind you'd hear Of again.
President Eisenhower congratuates Fl Commerce
ment officials for cutting their budget Is
In miraculous performance Only by working night did
they manage to their jobs. d.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23
Too Much Cloak and Doqqer?
Congress, Ready With the Spotiehts, Wonder:
If Overlapping Shadows Make Costly Shade
Constantine Brown:

All American intelligence
agencies will soon be sharply
scrutinized by the Appropria-
tions Committees Of both
houses of Congress.
The lawmakers feel strongly
that this country is spending
too much money on intelli-
gence for the results it is OBJ
tanning.
The following are at present
engaged in intelligence: The
Central Intelligence Agency,
an independent organization
responsible directly to the
President Of the United States;
the State Department intelli-
gence division, responsible to
the Secretary of State; the
Office of Naval Intelligence,
the Go or intelligence branch
of the Army Department, and
finally the Air Force intelli-
gence.
Our legislators feel strongly
that there must be much over
tapping and useless expendi-
ture In the activities of these
five separate groups. It is
hard to justify; for instance,
the State Department having
some 500 persons engaged in
actual intelligence work when
that Government agency has
free access to everything the
CHA gathers in regard to po-
litical moves abroad.
There may have been a
time, some years ago before
the CHA was organized, when
there could have been some
excuse to have State Depart
ment agents collecting secret
information. Reports on mill
tary matters are vital to the
policymakers in that depart
ment for the formulation of
Americas foreign policies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

But these can be had at pres
ent from the Central Intelli-
gence or in the event that
some specialized information
such as the exact military,
naval or air strength of for
eign countries is needed, the
CO, the ONI or the Air Force
intelligence could prepare the
necessary data.
A small and competent group
Of officials who can evaluate
this intelligence from the poll
tical point Of view seems to be
all that the State Department
needs. Our foreign missions
abroad, whose main job has
been to observe and report.
provide all the diplomatic in
telligence which the Secretary
Of State and his assistants can
possibly need.
The military, air and naval
attaches abroad are supposed
to send to the Pentagon in
formation pertaining to strictly
military problems. In this task
they are greatly helped by the
fact that we have a full army
in. Germany with its own intel
ligence services on the borders
of the satellite countries while
the American staff officers at
SHAPE can provide the armed
services with the necessary
data on the strength and
capabilities of friendly mill
tary forces.
The American military mis-
sion on Formosa has at it's dis
posal the entire intelligence
service of the Nationalist
Chinese on that island, but,
what is vitality important, it
obtains from these sources
reliable information from the
Nationalist underground on
the Chinese mainland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23
David L0Wrence:

Has the tide in the world
really changed toward peace?
If it has, it is quite possible
that the resolute policy lately
adopted by the United States
in the Far East has tipped
the scales and caused Malen-
kov to realize that the jig is
up and that the Peiping- Mos
COW team is in for a real de-
feat in the Far East in a mat
ter Of months.
So much peSSimiSm has pre-
vailed around here to the
effect that the Korean war
cannot be won that it is re-
freshing to get a military ap-
praisal from a fighting COM
mander who is ready now to
forecast defeat for Red China
and the Soviet Union without
involving a third world war.
This appraisal comes from
Gen. Carl Spaatz, the famous
air commander of World War
II who fought in the Far East
as well as in Europe and who
later served for a while as
chief of the Air Force, and
as a member Of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff.
Writing in the current is
sue of "NewSweek," Gen.
Spaatz makes his observations
after a trip to the Far East
made since President Essen
hover deneutralized the United
States 7th Fleet. The gen.
eral travelled to Korea with
Harold Talbot, the new Sec
rotary of the Air Force. While
the article declares that the
statements are entirely those
Of the former wartime COM
mander and mot a reflection
Of Talbott'S reactions or of Of
hclal thought" they are none
the less the conclusions Of a
competent military observer
and one who has stayed out
Of political activity both in
the old and the new admin
istrationS.
THE strategic position Of
the United Nations in the Far
East" says Gen. Spaatz, has
changed-and definitely for
the better-in the last few
months. President Eisen-
hower's order revoking the
earlier Formosa naturalization
policy unquestionably was as
signed an exaggerated impor-
lance by the press and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

The amount Of money re-
quired by the intelligence Of
three service branches is UNI
disclosed for the time being.
But, according to some Con-
gressmen, it can stand a good
deal of trimming. The chief
interest of the service repre-
sentatives should be centered,
the Congressman say, not on
the old type intelligence
gathering but principally on
technical information.
The CHA is, of course, by
far the most expensive intel
ligence agency we have had
in the history of the country.
So far the results obtained by
that organization do not cor
respond to the vast expendi.
lures.
But there is a strong feeling
in the Senate and House that
under a more aggressive lead
ership than in the past this
relatively young agency
which began to function only
six years ago-hight be worth
the sums expended.
Legislators who have been in
close contact with the CHA
believe that there Is much dead
wood in the organization
which should be eliminated
and it contains too many
pals" of men with influence in
the Government.
The new civilian director Of
CHA. Allen Dulles, is likely to
be given a vote Of confidence
for the time being and allowed
to show what he can do within
the next IL months. In order
to receive the full confidence
of the men who hold the Ma
TONS purse strings, Mr.. Dulles
will have to trim much of the
fat in his organization.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23
Thomas L. Stokes:
Ihon7ds L. Stokes:
Small Business Needs q Friend
July End Of SDPA and Possible Death of RF(
Pose Problem of Future Federal Attitude

Small business is truly a
Teller that constantly needs a
friend In this maze of a city
to see that it gets some share
Of the billions of business at
the disposal Of our Govern
ment. which is now the worlds
largest buyer of machinery,
equipment, supplies and serv-
ices.
At stake, in fact, Is the &C
tual survival Of small bust
ness. During World War II
and since, it has watched anxi-
ously as great industrial corpo-
rations, with commensurate
political influence, fattened
and got bigger on war and de-
tense contracts. Many small
businesses, on the other hand,
disappeared, either just gave
up the ghost. or surrendered
and sold out to the giants.
That is a distinctly unhealthy
trend toward monopoly which
is a threat to our supposed free
economy.
What it takes here Is some
body who will stick up and
fight constantly with the con-
tracing agencies Of the vari-
Gus military services. That
somebody has been around in
what Is called the Small De-
tense Plants Administration,
an independent agency created
by Congress in July, 1851.
After a slow and uphill start,
it finally was able to break
through the distinctly apath-
etc. and sometimes actually
unsympathetic, attitude of the
service contracting agencies in
the Defense Department to-
ward small business. The SDPA
has pried out, up to now,
some $3.50 millions Of business
for the step-children, the little
fellows, and arranged for $43.-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

with Republican pledges that
were echoed by President
Eisenhower during the CAM
paign. However. there is a
movement within the Cabinet
to put the small business
agency in the Commerce De-
partment. The move Is being
pushed by Secretary Of Com
merce Weeks, and Secretary
Of Treasury Humphrey is re-
ported to have given it his
support at a general session
a few days ago with President
Eisenhower on Government re-
organization.
The President has before
him a recommendation from
the Presidents Committee on
Government Reorganization,
headed by Nelson Rockefeller.
for continuation Of SDPA, or
its successor, as an independ-
ent agency, but envisaging
eventual inclusion in the Com
merce Department by appoint
ment Of q directing head who
could develop a favorable sit
uation for embodying it In
the department. That was the
case with the Rural Electrif1-
cation Administration, once
an independent agency that Is
now In the Agriculture De-
partment.
The Presidents Committee
on Government Reorganiza-
ton held that theoretically the
small business agency should
be in the Commerce Depart
ment. but recognized two prac-
tical considerations against
such disposition Of it. One is
that the Commerce Depart
ment is not organized now to
absorb it in a way that ipuld
meet requirements specified
by small business. The other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

make things any more diffi-
cult"
This makes it pretty obvious
who the people are with whom
Mr.. Mcleod has been cooper
ating. They could hardly have
included his superior, Secretary
Dulles. whose good faith in the
matter was questioned by Sen
ator McCarran and who has
been intensely embarrassed by
the whole episode.
It Is generally agreed that
Mr.. Bohlen will be confirmed
as Ambassador to Russia. He
is paying a high price for the
job in the kind OF personal
attacks being made on him but
the study Of the Soviet Union
is his life's work and besides
he could not quit now without
appearing to plead guilty.
Mr.. McLeod'S future and the
questions his case has raised
about the kind of loyalty and
discipline the Eisenhower adj
ministration will be able to
maintain are of very great i'm
portance.
One useful thing has been
accomplished. Mr.. Dulles, an
eminent lawyer with great pro-
fessional repute, is the first
Cabinet officer to put his pres
tige behind a description of
just what an FBI file actually
contains, what a mass Of rumor
and gossip properly goes into
1t for later evaluation. j. Edgar
Hoover has always stressed
this; it is the reason Presi-
dents Truman and Eisenhower
guard them so jealousy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

is that Congress has always
insisted upon an independent
agency.
Continuation Of SDPA as
such an independent agency is
provided in an amendment
prepared by Senator Capehart,
Republican, Of Indiana, SEN
ate Banking Committee chair
man, to his pending bill now
before his committee for
standby economic controls.
The Senate Small Business
Committee voted also for
its continuation as an indie
pendent agency and Senator
Thye, Republican, Of Min
nesota, chairman, in report
ing the action in q letter to
President Eisenhower, said
his committee feels that what
SDPA has done for small
business would not and could
not have been accomplished by
an organization subordinate to
any other executive depart
ment or agency"
A review of SDPA's history
seems to indicate very clearly
that what success it has had
Is due to its independent
status. directly under the
President. In that role It can
present its case without the
restraints imposed upon an
agency that operates as part
Of, or subordinate to. q regu-
lar department.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

$4,000 in loans from the RFC.
Its activities actually have re-
suited in savings, for small
plants have demonstrated in
case after case that they could
do many jobs more cheaply.
The task still is hard, and
the issue of a continuing and
alert spokesman here for
small business is up for deci-
sion right now and in a double
barreled way. In the first
place. the SDPA expires under
law on July /, unless extended,
and, secondly, the RFC, which
has been a chief source of
small business financing, is
apparently due for abolition
by Congress in the near fu-
ture. Furthermore, the fears
Of small business have been
intensified, whether justifiably
or not. by the preponderant
influence Of big business in
high administration councils.
Small business is relying
heavily on President Eisen-
hover, who championed it
during the campaign as "the
backbone Of the American
economy" and upon Congress.
which continually manifests
concern about small business.
There Is no question SEEM
ingly that some sort of agency
to protect and promote small
business interest will be con-
tinued. The argument is over
its nature, its power, and
whether it will be independent
or Stashed away in a regular
Government department. The
President now is under pres
sure from sponsors Of various
proposals.
Most widespread suppokt,
clearly Is for an Independent
agency. which Is In keeping
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

Yet 1t often seems little un-
derstood that a derogatory ref
erence in a FBI file. like mem
ton in the files Of the I'm
American Activities Committee.
can mean much or nothing.
Very soberly, Mr.. Dulles, who
throughout this whole contro-
versy has shown that he takes
a very serious view of it, re-
viewed the nature Of the FBI
file and called attention as a
lawyer to what it did not
prove.
The Bohlen vote should fur
nish a clue to the die-hard
Eisenhower opposition in the
Senate. There will probably not
be many but some Of them
Senators Bridges, McCarran,
Mccarthy and Dirksen-are in
a position to be troublesome
since all are on the Appropria.
tions Committee. Secretary
Dulles has of course realized
this all along: it was one rea-
son why he avoided q show
down as long as he could.
This group is bitterly disap-
pointed over the refusal Of
the President to excommuni-
cate everyone connected with
the Truman administration.
They are unhappy because he
has not reshuffled the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff and brought
Gen. Macarthur and Gen.
Wedemeyer back. That they
have shown their hand so soon
was unexpected, but 1t has al
ways been considered in
evitable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

public when it was first an
nounced. But in the subSe-
quent reaction from the first
enthusiasm, the real impor-
lance of the order has been
too drastically discounted"
What this really means is
that the public got the errone-
Gus impression from what
critics said that Chang Kali
shek and his Nationalist forces
would invade the mainland
Immediately. In reality the
step was designed to have
long-range effects, and only
now it is becoming manifest
that Red China sees it also as
an ultimate rather than an
immediate tactic, but not less
important to the future vic
tory Of the y. N. forces.
Actually the Chang forces"
continues Gen. Spaatz, have
so high a military poten-
tial that they can be decisive,
in the long run, in the fight
between Western democracy
and Soviet tyranny for the fu-
ture Of the whole vast terri
tory Of Asiatic complex, both
the mainland and the islands
lying of the mainland"
This will be news to the
British who seem to think al
ways Of Chang Kai-shek dis
paragingly in personal terms
rather than as a nucleus
for rallying anti-Communist
forces. Only the other day, the
London Daily Mirror" which
has perhaps the largest circu-
lation in Britain. bitterly at
tackled President Eisenhower's
policy Of encouraging the
Chang Kai-shek forces and
called for the recognition of
Red China" and an appease-
ment Of the Kremlin. It is in
the face Of such discourage
ments that the so-called dis
united nations" must function
nowadays. Although more than
10000 American casualties
have already been incurred in
Korea, certain British influ-
enceS want to reward the az.
gressor and the principal argu-
ment Is that the U. N. cannot
win the war in the Far East
anyway, so it's best to sur
render.
Gen. Spaatz commanded the
combat missions that helped
to save Britain from the Nazi
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

sion Federation, with headquart-
ers at 954 Pennsylvania avenue
NV, said it was shocked at the
announcement that Social Secur-
ity has been taken off the list of
'muStS' to be considered at this
session Of Congress"
The organization said it is
mailing to every member of Con-
greSs a summary Of studies and
hearings in recent years by other
committees or commissions. Those
studies have shown "the dis
tressing need for change" but
many needed improvements have
not yet been made, the fedora
ton declared.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23
Reso|ute Policy Is Effective
Gen. Spootz Appraisal of the Situation in the Far East
Seems Cause for Reel Optimism as to the Future

bombers, SO his words might
well be respected in Britain.
His article in its Conclusions"
says:
Assuming that the Commu-
nists can be held at bay in
Korea and Indo- China-an as
sumption which seems reason
ably safe at this moment
then the Nationalist Chinese
forces can become the mobile
reserve which can be decisive
in resolving the Far Eastern
problem.
ut is my considered opinion
that these forces can be made
battle-ready in a matter of
months rather than years and
poised for attack at a num-
Der Of inviting beaches on the
mainland.
II further believe that they
can win and hold mainland
positions. But for this kind
Of accomplishment Chiang's
forces would have to be given
the same kind of support by
the United States that the So
Wet Union is now giving the
Chinese Communists.
This should be done, I be-
lieve, because it offers the best
possibility Of victory in the
Far East without unduly COM
hitting major forces of our
own in that theater. It would
allow the Western powers to
hold in reserve the military
forces which are necessary to
prevent aggression by the
Communists in other parts of
the world"
This looks like q sensible
military plan and probably is
the one that has been adopted.
But it cannot succeed If Brit
ain is wooed away from Amer
ica by defeatist talk of an en-
larged war or by listening to
the insidious influences inside
Britain which are really pro-
Communist and anti-American
at heart. Churchill and Eden
understand the situation, but
they are often frustrated by
the prof. Communist attitude of
their political opponents, some
OF whom would rather alien
ate a substantial segment Of
American public opinion than
offend Red China and the
Soviet Union, even though the
latter Is sending munitions to
help kill United Nations SOL
diers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23
Public Backs Study
OF Social Security,
Curtis Contends

A House subcommittee study
ing the Social Security system
said today that 80 per cent Of its
mail indicates public indorse-
ment of such an examination be-
fore making major changes.
Representative Curtis, Ne
braSka Republican who heads
the Ways and Means subcommit-
tee making the study. reported
letters from all parts Of the
country favor eventual amend
ments.
He said these proposals were
most frequently urged: a pay-as-
you-go Federal program, re.
moval Of the SIS monthly work
clause, reducing the minimum
retirement age to so, adoption Of
the Townsend Plan, increasing
monthly payments to benefici-
aries, and putting Social Sc
curity on a voluntary basis.
Called Delaying Tactic.
Appointment of the subcom-
mittee by Chairman Daniel Reed
of the Ways and Means Com
mittee aroused some criticism in
and out of Congress last month.
Critics said the study would block
action to broaden or liberalize
Social Security.
"Our goal" Mr.. Curtis ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23

planned today, "is to establish a
Social Security program that
will do a better job for our older
people in the soundest and simpl-
est manner. We want to COM
plete appropriate legislation in
this Congress"
Federation Shocked
Criticism came from another
quarter today. The National Pen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-23
Doris FIeeson:
Serious Breach of Securitv
Mccarthy and McCorron Seem to Know the Content.
Of BohIens FBI File Despite Regulations

A fragrant breach Of State
Department security was COM
mitted last week when Sen
ators McCarran and Mccarthy
displayed detailed knowledge
of what is in Charles E. Bob
lens FBI file.
Such files are the exclusive
property of the executive
branch. Within the meaning
of the regulations governing
them, the two Senators are I'M
authorized persons. They are
not even members of the Sen
ate Foreign Relations Commit
tee which was given an analy-
sis Of Mr.. Bohlen's file
though not the file itself-by
Secretary Of State Dulles.
Disciplinary weakness within
the department If not an ac-
tual security breach was also
indicated by the charge of
Senator's McCarran and Nc
earthly that Mr.. Dulles had
"Summarily overridden" his
own security officer, Scott Nc
Leod, in the Bohlen matter.
Mr.. Mcleod is a former assist
ant Of Senator Bridges, an
other Bohlen foe.
Senator Mccarthy had orig
inally planned to clear up the
interesting question Of how all
this came about by calling Mr..
Mcleod before his investigat-
ing committee. The Senator
now explains that the security
officer was ordered not to ap-
pear and he added: I'm not
criticiZing him; he's cooper
ated fully and I don't want to