davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-09-23
IU.S. Defense Position
Better, Wilson Says
BY the Associated Press

Secretary of Defense Wilson
believes the United States is in
"a much stronger military posi-
I,tion" than a year ago and he
hopes this will deter Russia
from starting another war.
Interviewed as he left con-
ference with President Eisen-
hover at the White House yes
terday, Mr.. Wilson said the Ma
tion's overall defense is coming
along well.
I'VE are going over the whole
business with a fine-t tooth comb"
he said. Each important ele-
ment of the defense posture must
be worked out in proportion to
the Others"
Asked to compare the defense
picture with a year ago, Mr..
Wilson said. I'VE are much
stronger, and I happen person.
ally to think that the hazard is
somewhat reduced"
Mr.. Wilson said he hopes as
time goes on that more and more
people, behind the Iron Curtain
as we'll as on the free side, will
appreciate that mo one can
really win a war"
mo nation can win a modern
war;" he asserted. Every one
loses. You can have a military
victory, but even in victory you
have a defeat"
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Eost-West War by Headlines
Daily Exchanges Between Reds and Y. S. Are SCI
As Part of the Game of Bluff and Counterbluff

up by a school of thought
which thinks that if the Rus
slams really knew how far
ahead we are today on bombs
both quantitatively and quail
itatively-they wouldn't try to
start any wars. There's an
other school of thought, how
ever, which thinks Soviet Rus
sia is trying hard, through
every device of propaganda
and infiltration into scientific
circles, to get America to dis
close what her atomic program
has been and will be, in order
that the Soviet campaign for
disarmament and equalization
of strength may be carried on
even more effectively by the
SovietS.
Meanwhile, the Communists
have succeeded in soaring some
of the political parties in Eu-
rope, if not all the govern
mentS. The mere mention by
the Russians of how easy it is
to drop an atom bomb on any
European capital if America
launches an atomic war of de-
fenSe is enough to cause the
allied governments to beg for
a peaceful course, even if it
savors of appeasement. The
demand for admission of Red
China into the u. N. is wide
spread in Europe because of a
belief that this will immedi-
ately cause Soviet Russia to
become peaceful or reduce
tension"
But. as the Vishinsky speech
has already indicated, Soviet
Russia isn't going to be salts
fled by a settlement of Far
Eastern questions. She de-
mands also the dissolution of
the North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganization and the scrapping
of the European defense army
idea.
Looking at the other side
of the picture, there is no
doubt that Moscow knows of
the power of the American Air
Force-both those bombers
which would fly from overseas
bases the moment war was de-
Evening star., 1953-09-23
hon7os l. Stokes-
Bankers Come Back Happy
But They're Advised That if Government Is to Get
Of Banking, Then Bankers Must Get in Banking

ment is going to get out of the
banking business, then the
bankers must get into it with
initiative and ideas and sup
ply credit needs, else the Gov
ernment will have to do the
job.
Some bankers here can re-
member back, and they can
recall that it was, in fact, a
Republican administration
that moved into the banking
business when the depression
first broke. For it was not New
Dealers, but the Herbert Hoo
yer Republican administra-
ton which got Congress in
January, 1882, to set UP that
Government institution that
became the worlds biggest
bank, the Reconstruction FL
nance Corp. On a grand scale
the RFC began to take over
many functions of the private
banking system when the lat
ter was unable to operate on
the scale demanded. In time,
under Democratic adminiStra-
tions, it's activities were broad
ened further, so that it came
into competition with private
banks in fields previously re-
served for them.
1t was a Republican, too,
who sponsored the reform de-
signed to prevent another such
panic and wave of bank fail
ureS as those In 1928. The
late Senator Arthur Vanden-
berg of Michigan finally saw
Congress enact In June, 1888,
the Bank Deposit Guarantee
Act which he long had urged.
Congress and the people were
ready for something Of this
sort after the experience of a
few months before when the
Government, in March, 1888,
had closed all the banks and
taken them over TEMPORARILY.
That was still fresh in the
minds of the bankers who
came here for their 1884 con-
vention: for the Government
still had its hands in the af-
fairs of many banks months
after that drastic action.
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Fletcher Knebel-
Potomac Fever


Thanks to North Korean and Polish pilots the Eisenhower
defense team dust off the old apower scheduead build
up to 143-NdIG Air Force.
Ike tells American bankers his administration won't s in
ivory tower can't. Ike has appointed many study
ivory has hung out the standing
only" sign.
Federal Judge Medina dsSes the Truman administrators
antitrust against II investment houses Democrats sore
They every businessman entitled to his day in court
and a lifetime getting out of it,
MICS shoot down Polish plane trying to fee
to time too. If the Pentagon keeps on getting
foreign planes hows it going to cut the Air Force?
Former Secretary Dun Ike of reneging on
an agreement the Taftarley Act But Durkn feels
kindly toward klein fact he's the first plumber to leave
repair job submitting bill for failing to fix it.
Treasury Secretary Humphrey we're the road to
balanced budget unless unexpected event
thing unexpected Russians preparing Tor victory
'55-or Republicans preparing for one in 54
Chairman Vede of the House ant-Red committee he
may against Senator Douglas of Illinois The politician VINO
got ahead the who could find the most answers
now it's the find the most people who won't
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Doris Fieeson-
Doris FLeeson-
Germany Conveys Confidence
Partition Held to Be Dead Issue Since Last June S
Riots Confirmed Desire for q United Nation

BONN, Sept. 23.-The vis-
iting reporter can carry away
from a country only an i'm
preston, not conclusions. De-
spite the dark past, Germany
today conveys confidence.
First to appear in the former
enemy country was economic
recovery. Welcome as it was,
with it's assurance of a decent
life for a large, vitally situated
nation-not to mention the
matter of relief for the Amer
lean taXpayer-thiS recovery
generated considerable appre-
hension among the allies.
The French were not alone
in their fear that Germany
would begin to flex her muscles
as she looked at troubled
France and austere England.
1t was during this period that
it became fashionable to dis
cuss a permanently partitioned
Germany whose western half
would be too dependent upon
the allies to make difficulty.
This proposed solution is not
mentioned now, but it was
nevertheless considered and it
had its appeal to Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer, who believes
his contribution to history will
be the placing of his country
within European framework
devoted to peace. Because he
is so firmly European in his
outlook, many people doubted
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Non-Gus-Forminq
Food Better for
Flyers, Doctors Say
By the Assoeioied Press

Two Air Force medical officers
said today that digestive gas
generated by combat zone meals
apparently interferred with the
flying and fighting Of Sabre jet
pilots in Korea aA4
A squadron fed a special diet
of non-gas-forming foods aver
aged 40 times as many claims
of success against enemy planes
as did pilots in two other squad
rons fed regular mess hall fare.
the researchers reported.
The test was described by
Capt. Frederick j. Hinman, a
psychiatrist, and Capt. Mary C.
Horak, dietician, in the Air
University Quarterly Review, an
Air Force publication.
They said the difference in
performance records "can be
considered significant" although
they were unwilling to credit it
entirely to the diet.
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Celebration Of Sukos
To Begin at Sundown

Jewish residents of Washington
will begin the celebration of Su-
kos, the Feast of the Tabernacles,
at sundown today in District area
SynagogueS and temples.
Conservative and Orthodox
Jews will observe the festival for
eight days and Reform Jews for
seven days.
Sukos, which dates back to
Biblical days, is an autumn fes-
tival celebrating the "ingather-
ing of the harvest" AS such it
served as a model for the Pill
grims' Thanksgiving Day OBJ
servance.
The name of the holiday, Su-
kos, comes from the Sukos or
booths in which the ancient Is
raelites camped during their
wanderings through the desert.
Sukos is now observed with
special hymns and prayers of
thanks. and homes and places of
worship are decorated with fruits
and flowers. Most of the con-
gregations will hold special Su-
kos services tonight and tomor-
row.
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Conscience and the Korean War :
Little Hope Seen for Collective Security if Free Men
Feel They Can Hove Peoce by Betroynq Rhee

while the struggle ragged. The
Korean people knew what they
were fighting for. They knew
the kind of enemy they were
up against. They were ready
and they proved their readi-
ness to make any sacrifices
for victory.
The Korean people today
are both perpleXed and be-
wildered. They ask: What
did our dead die for? Why
did we lose our homes? Why
should there be 100000 widows
in our land? And 100000 or
phaned children? And 10000
amputees? Why. why, why?
1 hope the statesmen of to-
day will be able to give them
satisfactory answers to these
questions. I hope and pray
that no efforts will be made
at any forthcoming confer
ence to arrive at a compromise
with evil, for, as we know, to
strive to compromise with evil
is as evil as is evil itself.
I cannot conclude this coll
umn without a reference to
the compassion and sympathy
the American people have
given us in our darkest hours.
Your fighting men-And what
fighting men they are!--
lighted the lamp of hope for
us when the darkness of Com
munist aggression fell over
Korea.
And your fighting men, on
the meager pay of the CT Joe
and his officers, raised the
stupendous total of SIS mil
lion for the relief of our home
less-chief1y the little kids who
are the most pitiable waits of
the war.
They also wrote the home
folks over here for help,
and help came unstintingly.
Clothes, food, medicines,
money-from individuals as
we'll as organizations and re-
lief drives. Orphanages were
built, doctors and nurses
found, and you ministered to
the sick and the starving.
You have given us gifts and
services which may be, for
many years. far beyond our
ability to repay, but you will
find eternal gratitude in our
souls.
And as the Korean Ambas-
Sador, and the servant of my
people over here, may I also
thank you for them from the
bottom of my heart?
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Thomas L. Stokes

Times change. 1t would
have been only normal 19 years
ago to make wise crack about
bankers-as many were made
and you could be sure of a
good laugh and might have
even become the life of one of
those gloomy depression par
ties.
Back in 1884. the last time
the American Bankers ASSo-
citation held its convention
here. bankers were our ma
tional Scapegoats.
Now they are back with us
here in their 1853 convention
and we can look back on a
whole era as we begin another.
That other time, 10 years
ago. they came here a some
what subdued and chaStened
fraternity. They had been
through the wringer of de-
preston. Some banks had
fallen by the wayside, victims
of a short-lived new millen-
mum frenzy, never to open
their doors again. Bankers
came here to find a chilly cli-
mate among the Roosevelt New
Dealers who, in fact. were put
ting the Government in the
banking business on many
fronts-which happened to be
necessary then-and. in this
operation. found it convenient
to use the banking fraternity
as a whipping boy. even as
the vaudeville jokesters. and
even, also, as you and I.
Now. in 1858, the bankers
find much more pleasant cli-
mate as the Republican re-
gime, the first in 20 years. at
tenpts to reverse the process
and get the Government out
of the banking business, just
as the bankers have been de-
manding in all the years be-
tween.
But, while those tart
tongued New Dealers are no
longer here, the bankers find
that Republicans can speak
sharply, too, though it is all
In the spirit of helpfulness.
The bankers are being re-
minded that, If the Govern
Evening star., 1953-09-23

for a time that all Germany
would accept him.
The June riots thrust parti-
ton of Germany firmly into
limbo. They convinced West
Germans that the Russians
have made no real inroads
upon their people. No West
German leader will ever talk
again in any terms but those
of a united Germany.
The cleo lions have now
underscored German unity but
at the same time they have
given DR.. Adenauer a mandate
to carry on with his pro-
European policy. When the
voters early this month also
wiped out the radical right and
radical left parties, they made
his task easier and materially
soothed allied apprehensions.
The Germans, of course. did
not vote to please the Ameri-
cans any more than the
Americans are in Germany out
of pure altruism.
The Adenauer policy is
working. West Germany is
coming back, and the East
Germans, from within their
Russian prison, have shown
that they know it and will
join hands at the first oppor-
tunity. The German, like the
American voter a year pre-
viously, indicated that he pre-
fers stability and security to
Evening star., 1953-09-23

new adventures and untried
paths. He has also seen that
preference, as exemplifled by
the Chancellor, put him back
in polite society.
When they discuss their fu-
ture, now that the first ex-
hilaration of the elections is
past, the Germans talk most
about United States trade pol
icies. They want capital in
vestment but they think it will
come all right with assurances
that avenues to trade will not
be closed to them by America
and their old trade rival, the
British.
Except in certain interested
quarters, not many Americans
pay much attention to the re-
ciprocal trade policy and its
future under President Eisen-
hover. But 1t is nigh on the
list of all politically minded
Europeans. They will judge
whether the first NATO COM
mander is truly their friend as
much by his actions in the
trade field as by his fidelity to
collective security.
The most immediate and di-
rect challenge of the new Ger
many is, of course, to France.
Only a disastrous economic de-
cline in Germany could relieve
France of that challenge, and
that decline is not, Bonn in
sists, in the cards.
(Released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1953-09-23
BY You chon Yang

Mirrored against the Wash
ington scene is the unfolding
picture of a world in the
making; whether for better
or for worse, we do not know.
But we are aware that the
goth century, with two world
wars and the Korean war, has
posed more searching ques-
tions to mankind than has
any other era in history.
It is strange and fateful
thing that my faraway coun-
try should be the crux of every
thing, not perhaps to some of
the other nations in the So
called free world, but it is
to us Koreans. When your own
house is on fire it engages your
every attention, and the Com
munists set. fire to our home
more than three years ago and
tried with all the means at
their disposal to destroy it and
us, the occupants. They almost
succeeded, but now they are
temporarily halted.
Time uses broad brush to
record it's story. The First
World War-from 1914 tc 1918
was Ito save the world for
democracy" Remember? The
Second World War - from
1889 to 1945-found its justi-
fication in ''the -Four Free
domS." Remember?
The Korean war was "to re-
sist aggression" as the phrase
now is uttered, but here we are
about to sit down to attempt
to make a deal with the ag-
gressors.
Now, we Koreans feel that
unless our efforts on the bat
tlef1eld and your efforts beside
us-with all the dead and the
dying for freedom and de-
cency-do not point up to one
single word for the free world,
why then we are lost, and you,
too, will be lost some day when
the Communists attack you at
a time of their own choosing.
That one word is "con-
science"
If your tens of thousands of
dead and our hundreds of
Evening star., 1953-09-23
MT Is to Get Out

1t was under the New Deal
that the Government moved
into credit fields on the wide
front which it is now the pur-
pose of the Eisenhower admin
istration to restrict and reduce
home and farm mortgages
and financing of housing on a
large scale; extension and ex-
pansion of long-exiSting credit
agencies for farmers; loans to
small business, among others.
The bankers not only have
pledges that the administra-
ton intends to curtail Govern
ment competition with them,
but they also have higher in
terest rates to make their busi-
ness more profitable.
The Republican adminiStra-
ton expects something in re-
turn.
In the field of housing, for
instance, Albert M. Cole, Fed
eral Housing Administrator.
told the bankers very bluntly
that unless they open up credit
for new housing construction.
then the Government will
move in directly; for the con-
struction industry is one Of the
essential props in a sound and
healthy economy, and con-
struction is beginning to lag
since the interest rate increase.
Likewise, the bankers were told
here how they are relied upon
for loans to small business. now
that the RFC is being liqui-
dated and will retire from that
field, and the new Small Busi-
ness Administration is re-
stricted in the scope Of its
operations.
Evening star., 1953-09-23
Dorothy Thompson
A Struggle That Is Perpetual
The Purtonico Demand for oteh Degree Of Conformity
Is Ever Present .ond Often Butts Heads With Freedom

America. The nationals Of
$ the rest of the world are born,
not made. Americans native
born for many generations are
relatively rare.
The amalgamation of so
many nationalitieS and back
grounds into a Nation Suffi-
GENTLY cohesive to survive is
not easy. There is a pull to-
ward other loyalties. which can
confront the citizen with a
dilemma in case of war, or if
the mother-nation becomes
inimical to the United States
or to fundamental American
ideas.
Events abroad impinge more
Immediately upon America
than elsewhere. If Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, etc,
become vassals of Communist
Russia it matters more to mil
lions of Americans who once
were Poles, Czechs, Slovaks or
Hungarians than it does to
others. An Englishman could
say "Czechoslovakia is a little
country far away" but it is
not far away to those Amerl-
cans who still speak Czech
among themselves, and have
close relatives there.
orleans S are especially
sensitive about political ide-
ologies because America itself
is first and foremost an idea
and an oath.
Thus, in times of interna-
tional strain there is an in
stinctive demand that every
one stand up and be counted"
and that all parts of the Ma
ton pull together. because of
the real danger that they
mlgnC ny apart.
A high degree of political
conformity is therefore the
constant, rather than the
International, phenomenon of
America. The limitations on
tolerance are strict because
the number of possible intoler-
ables is great.
The present period of ide-
ological intolerance is a re-
action against a previous
period of extreme tolerance;
tolerance of "un-American"
ideas; of corruption; of infil-
tration by alien subversives:
of dubious public servants
tolerance too great for internal
cohesion or external safety.
The reaction is not surprising.
1t was easily predictable. 1t
Evening star., 1953-09-23
David Lawrence

Is the biggest game Of bluff
in world history going on be-
tween Soviet Russia and the
United States?
The maneuvers look like it
and so do the speeches ema-
mating from Moscow and
Washington through official
spokesmen.
Thus Andrei Vishinsky de-
mands not only the prohibi-
ton of atom and hydrogen
bombs but the demolition of all
United States bases abroad
which would, of course, leave
the Red army, with its vast re-
serve of manpower, unaffected
for use in conventional war
fare.
Secretary of the Navy Rob-
ert Anderson makes a speech
saying he thinks the use of
atom and hydrogen bombs will
be neutralized just as was
chemical warfare and that, if
war comes, it will be fought
with conventional weapons.
President Eisenhower makes
a speech which, in the face of
demands inside America for a
balanced budget and tax re-
duction, sounds as if he is
trying to offset any impression
abroad that civilian pressure
for economy would be allowed
to reduce the program for
atomic armament and the
means of carrying the new
weapons to their targets. He
says mo tax, no labor and no
service" would be too hard to
bear Ito support a necessary
and logical defense of our
freedom"
What is the meaning of these
exchanges of viewpoint-this
warfare by headlines?
The game isn't being carried
on just by official Spokesmen,
either. There is a demand from
scientists here and abroad that
everything be published now
how to make atom and hydro
gen bombs and the data on
how many America has made
already. This crusade against
further secrecy has been taken
Evening star., 1953-09-23
5. Are Seen

clared and those that would
fly from the decks of aircraft
carriers whose location the
Soviet cannot know, because
these ships move around con-
stantly and still keep within
striking distance of the Rus
sian heartland.
Theoretically, enemy bombs
could destroy fixed land bases
in Europe and, il precious
bombs were to be wasted on
movable targets, they could
destroy aircraft carriers too.
But defense planners aren't
dissuaded by such contingen-
cies-these become merely
calculated risks"
Americas program OF a
quick retaliation by airplanes
and missiles is still the most
powerful threat ever conceived
by the mind of man against an
enemy power-and the Soviets
know it. This threat of retalia-
ton, moreover, can be main
tanned now by a reasonable
expenditure annually without
breaking up the American
economy. The budget can be
balanced at the same time
that the game of bluff and
counterbluff goes on for years
with no actual war. for the
simple reason that no people
anywhere will sanction an
offensive war. That's why the
Soviets figure they can infil-
trate America as they have
Italy, France and Britain.
They think they can get con-
cessions from governments
and cabinets that are bluffed
by a Russian threat.
Complacency on the "in-
filtration front" is growing in
America and in many coun-
tries also where the 'cold war"
is spreading through exploita-
ton of local issues. That's the
bloodleSs way by which the
Soviets mean to achieve domi-
nation of the governments of
the free world"-and along
with it, Americas diSarma-
ment, which is their real OBJ
jective.
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