davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-04
Van Fleet
Continued From First Page.


ever, on several occasions Gen.
Van Fleet refused to answer
questions for security reasons.
He said that he had no
apology to make for his conduct
of the fighting in Korea and mo
bitterness in my heart toward
any one, contrary to some press
reports"
This apparently was a refer
ence to reports that Gen. Van
Fleet disagreed with Far East
commanders on the conduct of
the war. He complained in a
letter to q friend last October
that his plans for training addi-
tional South Korean troops to
replace Americans had been
ignored.
It was that letter that Presi-
dent Eisenhower dramatically
used in an election campaign
speech in New York. Later the
Defense Department said Gen.
Van Fleets recommendation had
been turned down because they
were premature
Other Points Covered.
Gen. Van Fleet also stated:
/. Draftees should be kept in
uniform "a to 80. or perhaps
SO months to stabilize Army
personnel and to assure them of
proper training so that they will
have "a better chance to live
on the battlefield" He SAID men
were not being called up fast
enough in this country.
2. The ROKS could activate
20 divisions very readily and
support that number with heavy
casualties"
3. Russia has equipped the
North Korean forces and now is
beginning to put large quantities
of material into the Chinese
Communist armies.
4. The only solution to a bet
ter exchange of prisoners OF war
is "victory-that is all.
5. There are $4,000 South Ko-
reans integrated in American
divisions and the British Com
monwealth has some 10000 SOL
dierS in Korea.
6. There are 100000 Korean
laborers in the battle zone who
form a service corps and have
suffered many casualties. He
brought this point out when
asked how the South Koreans
felt about the United States
They feel that they never car
repay us sufficiently but they
will never stop trying" Gen. Var
Fleet replied.
Z. He praised ROK President
Syngman Rhee as a great patriot
and scholar and added that HI
had been presented in thu
wrong light to our people BY
Communist propaganda"
Pays Tribute to ROKs.
Gen. Van Fleet, who has had
more combat experience than
any other general in recent
times. paid high. tribute to the
9th Army and to the troops OF
the Republic of Korea.
Two more ROK divisions have
been added recently. bringing
South Korea's contribution to IA
divisions.
Every one ID a splendid di-
vision and they are holding the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-04

battle line Of freedom for us
here In America" the 60-year-
old general asserted.
"In my opinion the 9th Army
with its attached U. N. and Re-
public of Korea units is the best
equipped, fed. clothed, housed
and cared-for army that we have
ever produced" Gen. Van Fleet
declared.
There are no shortages of a
serious nature"
: He went on to explain that
every general always wanted
more of everything If he could
get it and that he had been that
way in Korea.
He said that the 9th Army is
superior to the enemy in three
respects:
Quality Of troops. fire power
and mobility or flexibility to
meet any situation.
Representative Short, COM
menting that the Korean war
was the most unpopular in which
this country had ever been in
volved, asked about morale.
Gen. Van Fleet replied that it
was the job Of any commander
to keep his troops ready and fit
for battle and added that other
wise he should be removed. He
admitted that the job had been
greater because of the stale
mated situation.
Defers Answer to Closed Session.
When asked if he had been
held back at any time, the gem
eral said he would have to an.
swer that at a closed session.
Similarly. when asked how the
war could be won. he replied that
that also was a policy decision
and that he was not free to an
swer at a public hearing.
Representative Vinson, Demo-
crat, Of Georgia asked II a gen
eral offensive would broaden the
war.
mot necessarily" replied the
general.
Gen. Bradley, chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of STAFF, has been
quoted by two Senators as say
ing that such a frontal, attack
would be costly and require ire
mendous additions Of both men
and material.
Mr.. Vinson asked Gen. Van
Fleet if, that was true and the
general replied that he would
have to answer in executive SEES
sion.
Repeats Victory Belief.
Gen. Van Fleet repeated a be-
lief he had expressed in Korea
when he was retiring from his
command-tnat the United Ma
tons could have won a military
victory in the spring of 1851.
He said that after q Com
munist offensive was beaten
back the U. N. forces had GRIP
pied the Reds so seriously they
could have driven on to victory
If the U. N. command had not
ordered q halt after the Com
muniSts suggested truce talks.
They were hurt badly" Gen.
Van Fleet said. TN my opinion
that's why they asked us to talk
things over at the conference
table.
I'VE did not follow up on the
field and pursue the enemy and
polish them on. !"
Later today, the general will
appear before the House Foreign
Affairs Committee in secret ses-
sion.
He Is scheduled to meet the
Senate Armed Services Commit
tee tomorrow and possibly the
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee Friday.
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
A Place In The World
BY Harry Gersh

Johnny age gonna be six in July" has iustifable
Johnny finds that he is longer center of his
house and patch of earth covered with grass weeds for
gotten and discarded flowers Gin that ord The
of his world has widened to include thing And for the
moment this thing with small voice but powerful in
fuence threatens take the spot in his world
Johnny going get his shock the change in
the makeup of his world He will learn without knowing that
he is learning that small boys make the world
revolve around them forever. And Ruth in her time will
learn this lesson And in learning they will be happier
and fuller for it.
With parents pardonable pride I make the
that Johnny and Ruth will learn this lesson They
only those in their home street village and nation
has equal right place this earth And place doesn't
twobysix foot plot of ground Place house
and air and food and school and job and love and that
cherish break discard bury without
nagging from high And perhaps most important place
means something you cannot fix but something
fix in mems minds Place be accepted a hui
being to be accorded respect and dignity human
being to be able to read in all the scriptures the Bible the
Torah the Koran the Sayings the Vedas eve all chill
dren of God And to be able say too To be able
to read in all the basic eternal documents the human
matter how phrased "al created equal" and to
say, me too"
Yes, Johnny will learn and Ruth in her time And
wonder what is that they have that will allow them learn
and to understand and accept And what is that few
men in Washington and many in Moscow and other
places do not have.
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

hover.
Another welcome Supreme Court decision
was the one denying the right of property
owners to sue another property owner for
damages on the ground that although there
was a restrictive covenant on the owners
property, the owner nonetheesS sold the prop
erty without covenant and to Negroes This
decision is the logical follow-up of a previous
decision also won by the attorneys of the
NAACP, that restrictive covenants could not
be enforced by law 1t amounts to a decision
that such restrictive covenants cannot be en-
forced by direction either.
On the other hand the Supreme Court
lodged for time a decision on the hottest is
sue to come before 1t for long time namely
the school segregation cases. The judges asked
for a re-argument on this issue. Evidently
there was no clear-cut majority among them
who were willing as yet to back the contention
of the NAACP lawyers that school segregation
In itself is discrimination and, therefore, I'M
constitutional For such decision would go
long way toward changing the pattern of seq
regation in the SOUTH and apparently ma
iority of the Supreme Court judges were a.
fraid to take such chance regarding the ele-
mentary schools, although they had previously
so decided in cases involving college and post
graduate courses for Negroes.
We certainly are not likely to make any
gains for civil rights under the present con-
gress with its Republican majority. But it is
clear that still can make gains for racial
justice by court decisions
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
If Gains Are Made For Racial Justice :.
They Will Be Thru Court Decisions
BY Alfred Baker Lewis

One part of the government that has not
yet been put under the influence of the mil
lionaires and one plumber who make up
President Eisenhowers cabinet, is the United
States Supreme court whose members are all
appointees of either President Roosevelt or
President Truman. 1t is, therefore not surprs-
ing that the extremely able lawyers of the Ma
tional Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, led by the General Counsel
Thurgood Marshall have been able to get some
good results from Supreme Court decisions.
One such recent gain is the decision of the
Supreme Court, based on an old law not here
tofore enforced, but never repealed either
that restaurants in Washington, d. c. could
not discriminate against Negroes. BY clear i'm
plication, neither can hotels or other places of
public accommodation. For once, the Supreme
Court decision was unanimous This is an ex-
tremely important decision from the point of
view of our foreign relations, for to Washing
ton come representatives of all the nations of
ton in Washington was a severe blow to the
prestige of our country supposedly demo-
cratic nation.
OF course, the Eisenhower administration
backed up by the overwhelmingly Republican
daily press will try to claim credit for this
elimination of segregation in Washington. But
actually the case was begun and the argu-
ments were made by the NAACP lawyers be-
fore the election of President Eisenhower, and
the decision was handed down by judges none
of whom were appointed by President Eisen-
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
A Million Dollars A Year
For Negro Emancipation
BY Olive A. Adams

We noted with interest the recent plan
put before the NAACP convention by DR..
Claiming H. Tobias, in which he proposed
$40 million Embarrassing program for the next
10 years. This amount would call for yearly
budget of 81 million and it recalls a similar
proposal made by julius j. Adams, which also
calls for a yearly fund of 81 million In his
book, THE Challenge A Study In Negro
Leadership" Mr. Adams says:
Certainly the Negro has no organization
or group of organizations which compare even
relatively in size, potency or strength with
those of the Jew and certain other groups. 1t
seems, therefore that the suggestion that
Negro conference be called to discuss the for
nation of single, strong well-organized and
capaby coordinated group council, is not
entirely inappropriate at the present time
"In consideration of the present needs Of
the Negro, within his own group and quite
apart from his activities in the field of inter-
racial relations and in-terracial cooperation,
it would seem that such organization
should be divided into at least nine separate
and distinct departments, each headed by
secretary whose salary should not be less
than $4,000 a year These departments might
function under the following titles: Business
and Finance, Civil Liberties, Health, Labor.
Industrial and Farm Relations, Education,
juvenile GnG Child Welfare, Politics, and Leg
islation and Law.
"In addition to this secretariat, there
should be board of directors and an advisory
board. The board of directors Zone member
which would be the managing director with
the rank and pay of a department head)
would raise the annual budget, which in turn
would be administered by the managing di-
rector. THIS ANNUAL BUDGET SHOULD
BE NOT LESS TAN S1,000,000, and part of
il should be contributed to relief and welfare
some to establish Negro organiza-
tions. and the balance to be used for the
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

champion of the principles on which D
ton was founded
Ten years is, or is not long tim
pending on which side of the question
slider For those who must endure, ~
period, the humiliating and emblttenA
periences that are heaped upon racla
ties, it may seem like an eternity 10Y
who have been waging the long ca4
for equality, and who now lead the lM
gle ahead, it will call for the u'lIAA
every minute and every opportunity
Americans who are proud Of me
ton bestowed upon them by citlzersAp
country, will directly and indirectly sA
burden with the NAACP. 1t is the 'aA'
of us to assist in giving the strong~
ing to our own citizenship by lnslSn,5
citizenship rights for all, The neSl 'a
should be glorious ones for America
Herald Dispatch, Los ~
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
Credits Our Progress to The Judiciary

or Jesus but of skin-Mr. White Skin Cod
little higher" in their estimation that that
God referred to in the Ten Commandments
thusy: Thou Shall Have No Other God Be-
fore Me"
We must indeed recognize the great priv
ilege it has been to live in day when Frank
Ign d. Roosevelt came to realize that a great
relief from oppression was impossible of at
tainment through legislation Rather it had to
be through the judiciary on the highest level
The United States Supreme Court. And we
should be also happy that he realized that
there had to be men on that bench who were
sufficiently alive mentally and spiritually to
interpret the law on the basis of the spirit as
we'll as the letter to the end that Justice might
prevail and injustice might destroy the forces
that haroor it.
The thousands of unjust laws upon the
books contain the seeds of their destruction
by the Constitution of the United States so
long as calm, capable and consecrated men
sit upon that bench
If a vacancy occurs during the present
administration, it is my prayer that no old
"fuddy-duddy' reactionary will be appointed,
because democracy's hope of progress, endur-
ance and survival depends more upon right
decisions by the United States Supreme Court
than upon the congress of the United States.
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

work of the new organization,
THE advisory board would be made up of
experts in the various fields of science, art,
business and law, upon whom the department
heads could depend for advice and guidance
in technical problems, research and statistics.
With the exception of the managing director,
the board of directors, as well as the advisory
board, would serve without pay.
Each department head would have as
his chief responsibility the task of interpret
ing to the people of this country, as well as
to the people of the world, the Negroes po-
sition in the United States and his relation to
the general population. 1t is a fact that the
American people and the peoples in other
parts of the world have, in general, a decidedly
mistaken picture of the Negro in America and
of the part he plays in the country's affairs.
Much of this is due to vicious propaganda,
but it is also true that it is partly due to the
Negroes own failure to make serious attempt
to tell his own story.
For example at the present time. and for
some time past, there has been considerable
discussion regarding the Negroes health status
The Health department of this proposed or
ganizaton would study this condition with
view toward asr"raininp to Just what extent
1acl. Of medical care, lack NJ N0e0'''i2o' N
facilities. unfortunate ff1N0iN'' r''.' ''
lack of training contribute to- tf'~ sir" or.
and then work out plan for combating it,
even to the point Of suggesting to the Legis-
lative department that steps be taken to Sc
cure legislation in the various states and the
United States congress to correct the problem.
The same procedure would be followed with
respect to Juvenile and Child Welfare Bust
ness, Civil Liberties Education and Politics.
Under the auspices of the secretariat of
education, there would be set up the machin-
cry for vocational and scientific guidance and
nterracial cooperation
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
BY Robert Durr

A great lawyer has observed that no frog
ress has been made to secure civil rights to
those people most commonly denied them ex-
cept by judicial force based on constitutional
guarantees.
Even when it seems that voluntary prog
ress is being made, close examination will
reveal that such progress is the result Of fear
of being forced to go forward judiciay
dangerous situation occurs when peo-
pie in a democracy come to feel that equality
and relief for oppressed and Disseminated
gainst can not be obtained through the legis-
lative branch because of deals unenlighten-
ment, ignorance and cancerous corruption
Is it so inconcevable that just human
lations, education, fair employment laws could
be Enacted and just relief secured legislatively
in deep south states such AS South Carolina
Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama and adjacent
states?
These states are supposedly democratic,
but when Talmadge, Byrnes and their fellow
evil conspirators continue to deny the minority
equal and adequate educational opportunity
within their states and threaten this-that- and
the-other if the U. S. Supreme Court voids
discrimination by segregation they speak S
the white supremacy facists And these white
supremacy facists worship not at the throne
of equality and justice but as skin Worship
pers and their God is not the God of Moses
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

tory in the first leadership insti-
tute land it is possible that others
will be held in successive years
of the future for different dele
gates of cities represented here
and others Our job is to work
with organizations and individ-
uals through various avenues and
opportunities in our respective
communities so that all who wish
to seek the good life, become an
exponent of straight thinking, be-
come a mature person through
liberated mind may have the OPP
portunity and help to do this. This,
l believe, is a project Though not
new comparable with the organ
lzation Of the christian church
and the beginning Of the public
schools.
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
Ten Year Program

In one of the most substantial programs
to come from that body in many years, the
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People, has set 1868 as the year for
the elimination of its campaign to end all
segregation in our national life
1t is an ambitious and back-breaking
undertaking, but for the people of this nation
who recognize that the United States stands
at the crossroads and must either go forward
to true democracy, or backward to totalitari-
anism it is a welcome challenge
The dual citizenship patterns, too fire.
quently found in our national life main
tanned there because of stupid color and racial
prejudice have taken their toll of our pres
hge and responsibility as leader in the world
family of nations.
The NAACP has not only declared itself
the champion of underprivileged minorities
1t has also established itself as a mighty
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

| have been impressed with in
Vulnerable events and activities
here | have watched others
grow as l have felt myself grow
have seen delegates from
Bridgeport get valuable ideas
from San Bernadino and coordi-
majors from Lubbock and Texas
Tech West Texas share ideas
with delegates from Niagra and
Racine I have watched all make
significant contributions to the
basic idea Of what" and nov"
and why Adult Liberal Educa-
ton. l have been most impress
ed' however, with the humility Of
the officers and staff, the "ar-
rived and the arriving. both
as to educational or cultural sta
tus or economic resources and the
eagerness with which each sought
to make an unselfish contribu-
ton to the basic ideas and aims
These aims | conceive to be no
different to those find TO be
ours in the training of youth in
the elementary schools. the sec
ondary schools and the COLLEGE
and universities, namely: / To
think effectively, 2 To communi.
cate thought, 3 To discern reIa-
vance and 4 To discriminate n.
mong values.
We have sought to live these
experiences at Bigwin with the
results, I believe, that are 70
goals that are associated with
the good life Personal Happi.
ness and Social Usefulness "
However Bigwin was the labora.
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

ther will more readily succeed in M,
poses if they insist on adequate faI1
Negro neighborhoods.
Even if complete indignation Of M,
cilities should come, the separations
always have point in establishing
branches of this, that. and the other 4
as we have Negro residence sections n
the most highly integrated Localities
there are masses Of Negroes, there arr n
es for Negro neighborhoods and these b
es take on the complexion Of Negro bra
Adequate neighborhood facilities viii
definite contribution to every phase
social and racial situation. If we must
Negro neighborhood, then the NeEn
borhood should be a center not for
which exploit it but rather for things
build it up.
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

the respective cities. inclYdirg
Little Rock The American Herit.
age program Of the American H..
hrary association, the Great Boots
Discussion program, World Poll.
tics, Ways Of Mankind. World A.
fairs are Your Affairs and Eco-
nomic Affairs are content areae
IN the Liberal Education phase AZ
this time. Trades and hobby
courses. as we'll as remedial cdr.
cation, comprise other areas in
many cities The Birrin T,sti,,a
here has been concerned with tbo
Liberal Education phase. howev.
er
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
Biuwirl..
Continued from page one)

Continued from page one)
committed to the belief that edu-
cation does not end with formal
schooling in the classroom, Wheth-
err il be elementary or secondary
school. college. university or in
the trades or profession, but con-
tinues throughout life. II believes
in the literally educated mind
which I've heard Mary Mcleod
Bethunc call straight thinking.
The medium through which libcr-
al education may be continued is
the adult education program IN
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17
RecreationaI Improvements and Neighborhood Fat1M
By S. S. Taylor

by Taylor
Negro recreational facilities show an in
crease since 1949 but three facts concerning
Negro recreation in this city are outstanding:
% Negro recreational facilities are not ade-
quate; GU Negro recreational facilities are not
equal to white; (3) Negro facilities have not
followed the plan most advantageous to the
Negro child in Little Rock-playgrounds in
Negro neighborhoods.
The Negro Boys club the Carver YMCA
and the Phyllis Wheatley branch are really in
preliminary stages and needs many more ia
cilities. before they can function adequately.
While gratitude for things received is a vir-
tue, being too easily satisfied is vice.
The growing movement toward integra-
ton has already spread to the recreation field
in many communities. Those white people jto
say nothing of the colored) who do not want
to see the indignation movement spread fur
Arkansas State press., 1953-07-17

(Answer to last weeks question:
testimony evidenee) which might be excluded from
because ii is "hearsay may otherwise be admitted evil
dence to show something other than the fact Some
certain statement whether the statement
DID YOU KNOW?
That before it will be admitted evidence
be offered by expert qualified witness if
fngerprints firearms, automobile tire mars)
other technical evidence
DID YOU KNOW?
That operating the tails of horses is unlawful
writing by veterinarian
DID YOU KNOW?
That it is the law that you blow your horn before
passing another vehicle going in the direction and
that the driver front of pull the far right
hand side of the highway In localities SLOW drivers
be subject to well fast drivers They
CONGESTION which may accidents.
DID YOU KNOW?
In computing personal Federal Income Tax, you
sideed not married spouse nonresident alien?
(Sec. 12-c U. s. Int Rev Code)
(The answer will be found elsewhere this issue)
ANSWER-Yes, for Federal Income Tax purposes (Sec
12c of the code) you considered though
married if your spouse nonresident alien time dur
ing the taxable year But if you legally separated under
court decree Of divorce separate maintenance
sdered married. You considered your
spouse died during the taxable year.
DID YOU KNOW?
How many persons testify to overt act
convict person of treason?
Answer will be found in next weeks column!