davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-04
European Steel

European steel, vision Of little group OF
postwar continental statesmen, has become a
reality even though some economic headaches
remain in ambush for the unprecedented inter-
national experiment involved.
AS of now, tariffs and import quotas on
steel are outlawed by treaty in five countries
France, West Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg
and the Northumberland under the High
Authority of the European Coal and Steel Com
munity. Italy, party to the Authority, will
retain her tariffs on steel imports temporarily.
Annual steel production of the countries thus
joined is about Al million tons.
The problem which leaves the steel pool
something short of a f1awless instrument is
grounded in the familiar French-German ri
valry that has so often upset Europe and today
is also blocking the creation OF the European
Defense Community. Steel, a basic product in
either a war or peace rivalry, is most of all
basic in the French German picture. The
Saarland, whose economy is currently tied to
that of France but whose political future is
being bitterly disputed, is a heavy producer of
STEEL When added to French production, it
approximately balances that of West Germany
"a circumstance that explains in large degree
the French unwillingness to allow the area to
fall again under German domination.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
This and That

How to take care of young birds
fallen from the nest is. the subject Of
Malcolm Davis annual letter to this
column, printed hereafter.
This advice is straight from the
birds mouth. as you might say, since
Mr.. Davis is in charge of the entire
Gagged and uncaged bird population of
the National Geological Park.
Black-crowned night heron, which
nest out in the trees. come under his
jurisdiction. but perhaps he is most
interested in spring and summer in
seeing that you and I treat the baby
birds right.
This afternoon" he writes, there
came to my feeding station a young
English sparrow. This little fellow was
on the wing, and yet not long out of
the home nest"
Let us interrupt Mr.. Davis, to note
that this man, who has travelled all
over the world for birds for the Zoo,
to the Antarctic for penguins, even,
has the fullest sympathy with lone
common sparrow.
"From this day onward" he con-
and seek their living in the city and
surrounding areas.
'It will be a struggle, for their ene:
mics are many.
"The majority of fallen young that
may be found upon the sidewalks. roads
and byways are. when Matched, almost
naked, their eyes are not yet opened.
and they are cared for in the nest
Evening star., 1953-05-04
~
By Charles E. TroceWeN

fed by the parents a little at time
nut often. You should do the same.
about once day give two drops
of water with an eye dropper. This
bird will grow and recognize the box
as home.
The mixture as suggested is simple
one; ther ingredients may be added,
but those named are found in your
corner store, and the bird will thrive
upon it.
"Mr. TIL trust that you. as the old
master and keen observer, will add
your words of wisdom to the brief
advice offered"
A warm Location, in the above ad-
monition. does MT mean in the sun.
The mother bird carefully shields
the baby with her own body.
Nothing will Hill q very young bird
quicker than direct sunshine. so be
careful that the box which substitutes
for the nest is not in the direct SUM-
shine.
Mr.. Davis advice about molding the
bird food into balls the size of the
birds throat is rather academic.
If the bits are Just small. that will
do. If after a test. they simply will
not go down, then feA sure that they
are too large, or that you have a
sick bird on your han1s.
Often fallen birds ste hurt beyond
recovery by the fall itelf. Sometimes
they die despite all the1care and food
given them. It cannot b helped. Even
the Zoo loses them, nov and then.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Arlington School Board

The support of public education in a
democratic society is an obligation
which every citizen should assume.
However. for guidance on what form
that support should take, the public
has looked to the parents, who have
the most direct and intimate interest.
That is why generally the selection of
candidates for the Arlington School
Board has been left to such institutions
as the School Board Nominating Con-
vention, which accords to parent groups
the major representation; and that is
why, again generally, the slate is &C
cepted by the community.
Harley Williams, in suggesting in his
letter that our school board nominating
procedures be changed and the whole
school question tossed into the arena
of politics, has made proposal, which
in effect, would eliminate the parents
control. The Town Meeting could not
provide for parent representation, for
obviously the 10000 or more parents
involved in this problem can only be
represented through a delegate body
selected by their PTA's. Moreover.
the Town Meeting is an institution
identified with the nonpartisans and
Evening star., 1953-05-04

by the parents for periods varying
from a week to 10 days.
"The rains, and the winds will dis
lodge many of these helpless birds, and
you, on your way to work, in your
play, or walking in the country will
find helpless bird upon the ground.
In your desire to aid the creature you
will take it home and minister to its
wants.
May I suggest the proper treatment
of such a misfortunate bird?
Somewhere near the site where the
baby is found will be a nest.
''Endeavor to return the young to its
home and the care of its parents.
This may take effort, but it's parents
can care for their baby better than
you and I.
IF this is impossible. if the nest
cannot be found. take the bird home
in your pocket, thereby keeping it
warm.
Then put the little fellow in a small
box containing tissue on the bottom,
and place in warm location.
h
From your kitchen obtain pablum
"a baby food, grated hard-boiled egg,
and raw hamburger.
These three ingredients mix to-
gether, and mold into small balls, the
size of birds throat.
Every 20 minutes during the day
light hours, place few pellets far back
in the birds mouth. A young bird Is
Evening star., 1953-05-04

they don't dare. An aloofness which in
many cases began as a Self-protective
device while the ropes were being
learned has already become second ma
ture to many. It's just little too con-
venient to keep everything hidden; it
saves a lot of awkward questions from
the folks who pay the bills.
And there is always the example at
the top. The order which really for
malized matters was issued on Sep
tember 25, 1851, by President Truman,
and despite formal protests each year
by Americas editors meeting in con-
vention, nothing has affected it in the
slightest degree. The order directed
civilian agencies of the Government to
impose a secrecy as rigid as the mill
tary and it gave them authority to
place any restriction they please on
the free flow of the news. All they need
is the glib and easy excuse of national
security" to justify their actions.
1t is true, of course, that the matter
has been publicly considered by Presi-
dent Eisenhower. Asked on April 3
whether he intends to remove the ban,
he avoided direct answer, inviting
newsmen instead to report any in
stances of suppression to his press
secretary, James C. Hagerty. Asked
about it again on April %, he re-
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Behavior o TriIobites
Reconstructed From Fossils

Behavior 4 the strange, crab-like
creatures of he dawn of life on earth
is being recontructed from their fossils.
These creatures were the trilobites.
perhaps distatly related to present day
spiders. Impressions of their hard shells
were preservd in sea bottom muds
which later became rock, while all
traces of theit soft-bodied contempora-
ries of the anient seas were lost.
Some ideason their ways of life now
can be dedued, says DR.. Christina
Lochman Of chicago. Smithsonian IN
stitution collsaorator.
BeliQed Scavengers.
The animal now are believed. she
says, to have oeen sea bottom scaven-
gers.
During tht Cambrian period (tle
geological ere starting about a half
billion years go) they fully occupied
the sea bottom, crawling actively over
the surface, ring partially buried in
bottom Sedim0ts or burrowing slowly
through the SIT mud and sand" she
states.
They probably crawled forward over
the surface, binding from side to side
in more or lSs sinuous manner. This
body motion, inherited from a pie
Cambrian wom-like ancestor, must
gradually have been lost. With its an
tennas and le,s the trilobite explored
the sea floor ff dead and dying organ
isms. When found these fragments
were moved tward the mouth either
mechanically ~ the legs or by water
currents. The were caught and held
at the mouth while they were torn or
crushed into mall enough particles to
be swallowed.
Feeble Mouth.
The primitive mouth parts sharply
limited the rilobite's food supply to
small, soft aid inactive animals. AL
though the majority of Cambrian ami
mails apparently were without hard
parts. the mouth parts of the trilobite
probably wer. not capable of holding an
actively struggling animal.
THE hard shell covered only the back
of the animal. The relatively short legs
did not lift he animal far off the sea
bottom, but served only to push it
along the surface. When in normal
position the ventral (stomach) surface
was naturally protected and it mat
tered little that the group was not able
to develop a hard ventral covering.
But if the t,ilobite were rolled over by
a strong wsve or some larger animal,
it was defenseless. 1t acquired the habit
of rolling up in tight ball when dis
turbed. The value of this is revealed
by the fact that all trilobites living
after the Cambrian had the ability TO
roll up"
Evening star., 1953-05-04
From the Gallery

Although tried to read with an open
mind your more-than-fair editorial ap-
praisal of 'The First 100 Days." regret
to report my personal conviction is that
the most notable achievement thus far
by the new man in the White House has
been breaking 80. And of this I ask:
Why not? For after all, who ever
heard of man getting in so much
golfing practice on his honeymoon
with Congress, that is?
In another three years and. nine
months, when some one inquiries, What
has he done?" your progress reporter
may be able to point with pride and
reply: Hes in the middle eighties
noW!" Fore!
People have been criticizing President
Eisenhower because he plays golf. This
is very unfair. Just because he is
President of the United States, does
that mean that he can't relax and en-.
joy himself? A relaxed President makes
wiser decisions. The Republicans are
doing very good job. Congratulations!
AS my favorite columnist says, hole
in one is better than a hole in the head.
Reader.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Our Government Grows More Secretive
By Allen DruY

0FFICIAL secrecy, in spite Of some
~ noble sentiments expressed by
some noble people, is on the increase
throughout the Government.
The executive branch, whose leader
occasionally expresses mild interest in
the problem, still operates under the
censorship order imposed by his prede-
cessor 10 months ago. and there is no
sign of any imminent change.
Congress, which frequently COM
plains about the Secretiveness Of the
executive and rails necessarily at the
difficulties involved in securing conf
Dental records, is becoming increasingly
secretive itself.
Everybody official, in fact. is trying
to get into the act. Public and press
alone are barred from the jolly paStime
of let's-keep-it-quiet.
Congressional Quarterly, for instance,
notes that from January through
March 81, committees and subcom-
mittees on both sides of the Capitol
met $50 times, excluding House Appro-
priations meetings on budgetary mat
ters OF these meetings, 420 were open.
217 were closed. Adding an estimated
200 House Appropriations meetings
which were closed, the total number
Of secret sessions on the Hill in the
first three months of the Eighty-third
Congress came close to so per cent of
all those held.
To justify this trend members offer
the argument that subject matter some
times dictates secrecy, and sometimes
it does. There was the original testi-
mony of Gen. James A. Van Fleet on
the ammunition shortage in Korea, for
instance. Somehow it leaked to the
press and soon an enlightening series
of public hearings was under way.
There have been numerous occasions
on which Secretary of State Dulles has
shuttled from one side Of the Capitol
to the other, seemingly outlining new
foreign policy at each stop. These too
have leaked out, to the CONSERVATION
not only of other governments, but his
own. There have been the aforemen-
toned House Appropriations meetings,
whose secrets are always repeated in
public when the Senate Appropriations
Committee holds it's open hearings on
the same bills. And of course there is
the Joint Atomic Energy Committee,
which always needs secrecy, always has
secrecy and always protects secrecy.
Downtown the situation is no better
Some lip-Service has been paid to the
idea that more information should be
available to public and press, but from
the very inception of the Eisenhower
administration there has been a steadily
increasing tendency to shut newsmen off
from their sources and surround the
new administrators with an impenetra-
BILE barrier of embarrassed subordinates
who would love to be candid but know
Evening star., 1953-05-04
ShockIinq the FBI

Chairman Wiley of the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee has good cause to be alarmed
over the weaknesses of our defenses against
espionage and sabotage in this atomic age. A
special study by counsel for the security sub
committee of the group has revealed serious
defects in present laws. report prepared by
the committee lists some of the more glaring
defects and points to the need for corrective
legislation.
Senator Wiley declares that some provisions
of existing laws tend to "Shackle the hands of
those who are trying to protect u.s. from enemy
plots to undermine and destroy this Nation. He
is right in contending that the most dangerous
and absurd Of these shackles is the one which
prevents the Federal Bureau of Investigation
and other counterintelligence agencies from
making full use Of overlapping techniques in
the war on alien spies and native traitors.
Under the Federal Communications Act, as in
terpreted by the Supreme Court, the FBI is
forbidden to make use in court of any informa-
tion obtained by listening in on telephone con-
versations of suspected enemy agents. In the
Judith Coplon case, for example, the courts
have held that if her counsel can show that the
evidence against her resulted from the tapping
of wires by FBI agents, she cannot be convicted.
The former Justice Department employe Is
awaiting retrial. The FBI asserts that the
principal evidence against her was obtained
without benefit of wire tapping-although it
was brought out in her previous trial that the
FBI did listen in on certain phone conversa-
tions during its investigation of the Coplon
case
Senator Wiley and Representative Heating
of New York have introduced identical bills to
authorize Federal agents to tap wires in cases
involving the national security and to present
such evidence in Federal courts. These bills
would permit taps only when approved by a
Federal judge. Attorney General Brownell,
however, has said that he would prefer that the
authority to tap wires in certain cases be vested
in the Attorney General, acting for the Presi-
dent. The latter plan would simplify matters
for the FBI in urgent cases requiring immediate
action in the interest of national defense.
The need for some legislation of this sort is
urgent. 1t is utterly fantastic that this Nation
should interpose legal handicaps in the way of
prosecution of known spies and Saboteurs. The
overlapping restriction, with a number of
other loopholes in the espionage laws, is gravely
impeding the efforts of our counterintelligence
agencies to Illustrate enemy agents-known or
suspected. 1t is beyond understanding why
Congress has been so complacent about this
situation for so long-particularly in the light
of recent revelations about atomic spying in
our midst.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Doesn't Underestimate Women


Does Dorothy Thompson dare to pro-
pose in her April q column that an
American should have the liberty to
decide whether or not he wants to buy
a certain kind of insurance and if he
decides to buy a particular kind of
insurance, that he should have the
liberty to select the company with
which he will deal? Horrors! Congress,
exercising an unconstitutional power of
\ taxation, says that certain Americans
shall no longer have this liberty. These
matters will be decided by the Federal
Health, Welfare and Recreation De-
partment; all of whose functions are
not properly the function of the Fed
eral Government.
Does Miss Thompson dare to suggest
that an American should have the
liberty to invest his wealth according
to his own wisdom? Not so, says the
Securities and Exchange Commission in
certain cases. And this same commits
sion threatens certain Americans with
the complete loss of certain property if
they do not obey the orders of the
commission. Yet not a male editor, as
far as the writer Enows, has dared to
protest against this particular form of
Government sponsored robbery. Per-
haps we need new Saint Joan of Arc
to restore the Constitution.
May Miss Thompson continue the
battle. With Miss Kelleas and Miss
Thompson both working for American
concepts. there may be sonls hope for
this country. Perhaps our salvation
will depend on courageous wofoen; the
men seem to have lost their capacity
for intellectual perception or dlscrim-
ination. ]. &C.
Evening star., 1953-05-04

possible while insuring at the same time that
the additional build-up is not pressed at speed
that could shatter the economies and the politi-
cal and social stability of the allied nations.
OF course there is gamble involved in all
this, and it may be lost. For Russia may not
refrain from striking while the slower-paced
NATO build-up is carried through to compile
ton. Nevertheless, Mr. Dulles has argued
persuasively for the changed policy Certainly
If our atomic superiority is as great as it seems
and If NATOs forces in being are strengthened
as he has estimated, the Atlantic powers can
feel reasonably secure in following their new
timetable.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
National Symphony, for Sure

National Symphony, for Sure
Please allow an outsider to praise
Howard Mitchell and the National
Symphony Orchestra. For some years
now your orchestra has been appearing
annually in Lexington, and we have
become we'll acquainted with the solid
virtues of Mr.. Mitchell and the distin-
guished musicians he conducts. This,
however, is not news in Washington,
and I prefer to emphasize another as
pect of the orchestra's tours that may
be less we'll known, if it is realized at
all, in it's home city.
Most visiting orchestras descend
upon community. particularly one so
small as Lexington, wrapped heavily in
the aura of the home city. They pause
briefly for the concert and then pass
on For some time now the National
Symphony Orchestra has revealed
willingness to mingle with the musical
life of the communities it visits-a will
ingneSs which resulted in a remarkable
and successful experiment this past
season. Mr.. Mitchell conducted two
choruses from Brahms German Re-
QUEEN, in Harrisonburg and Lexington,
using a mixed chorus made up of the
Madison College and the V. M. I. glee
clubs, as we'll as local soloists. Quite
aside from the thrilling musical results.
the concerts aroused a proprietary in
terest in the audiences that made them
feel they were participants and brought
them closer to music. In addition,
people who normally are uninterested
in concerts were interested in these.
Even before these performances of the
Requiem, the children's concerts which
the orchestra plays on its visits here
had endeared it to Lexington; and on
the last occasion the trend have been
discussing was further illustrated when
a Lexingtonian spoke the narrator's
role in performance of Peter and the
Wolf.
What I have been trying to suggest
is that Mr.. Mitchell and the National
Symphony Orchestra on their tours
perform valuable goodwill service in
addition to merely ticking off their
splendid performances. BY becoming
a significant factor in the cultural lives
of the communities they visit, they
bring honor to Washington and fully
justify themselves as national Or
chestra.
Col. Herbert Nash billiard,
Director, v. M. I. Glee Club.
Lexington, Va.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Orderly Welfare Program

The special citizens committee on District
welfare institutions has given proper emphasis
to the need for a united, orderly approach to
that part of the public-workS program relating
to welfare institutions. AS the committee makes
plain in its comprehensive report, Washington
is suffering from long developing shortage of
up-to-date welfare facilities. There is vast
amount of work to be done to correct the vari-
Gus inadequacies and many millions of dollars
will be required to do the job. Some projects
are more urgent than others. Some will have
to be deferred while priority is given the more
urgent problems.
The committee is only being realistic, there
fore, when it adopts drst-t -things-firSt atti-
tude toward the array of welfare needs re-
vealed by the committees three-year study of
the local field. And the committee is right in
holding that first of all projects on the welfare
list should be the long sought Industrial Home
School for Colored at Laurel, Maryland. This
building is urgently required to end the dis
graceful overcrowding of delinquent children
which forces the premature release of delin-
quents who should remain in custody. The
Commissioners have asked for $3.7 million for
this building, of which ST million would be made
available next July and the remainder in the
next fiscal year. The committee is supporting
the Commissioners in this plea to Congress-
Other projects should be assigned prioritieS
in line with their relative Importance. The
committee sensibly proposes that the Commits
sioners prepare definite timetable for welfare
Improvements, so that welfare authorities will
be better informed as to what problems they
must deal with pending completion of the
construction program. The group approves in
principle the eight-year construction program
recommended by the Commissioners, but wants
the program expanded to include number of
additional improvements. All of these addi-
tional projects are desirable from the stand
point Of a modern welfare department, but
some Of them undoubtedly will have to be
eliminated or postponed for economy reasons.
In fact, even the curtailed Commissioners pro-
gram is subject to financial arrangements
which Congress may approve How far Congress
will go in approving loans or other financing
for the public-works program is still a matter
Of great uncertainty. The committees report
should be helpful to Congress in making up its
mind regarding welfare needs at least.