davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-07-05

This miss is exclaiming over
a transistOr, the tiny electrOnic
discovery that may change our
world. Used to benefit the hard
of hearing for the first time, it
has resulted in the smallest
SOnOtOne in history. The heart
of the transistOr is a minute
speck of germanium. The de-
vice uses much less electrical
power than a vacuum tube,
slashing battery costs for hear
ing aid users. One of the bat
terieS used with the new SOnO-
tone will last over six months.
For details of this amazing
development just call or write
SOnOtOne Of Washington, 9O1
Washington Bldg, District
7-O921. No obligation.
Evening star., 1953-08-17
1o7otrY Inonpson-
The Difficulties Mrs. Luce Faces
Appears to the Writer That if Our Ambassador Were Plain
And Weighed 6O She Might Find Her Job in Rome Easier
Dorothy Thompson

ROME had come to be-
lieve that the days when there
were breaks against women
in any position they were
competent to handle were
over. Now I am not so sure
of it. especially if a woman
trusted with a serious job is
beautiful, chic, witty. wealthy,
charitable and married to a
distinguished husband.
The American Ambassador
to Rome, Clare Boothe Luce,
is all these things. If a male
ambassador had the same en-
dowmentS they would be as
sets. No one would doubt his
capacities because he was
handsome and dressed by
Savile Row tailors-or An
thony Eden would never have
risen to the top OF the British
foreign service. No one would
hold it against a man that he
had written a successful play
or been associated with the
theater. Rather would they
praise him for his interest in
the arts.
But there is still a tendency
to believe that If a beautiful
woman has a successful career
she has achieved it by other
means than brains and energy.
The public interest centers on
how she keeps her figure,
where she buys and what she
pays for her clothes, who
dresses her hair, what men
have helped her up the ladder,
and a hundred other matters
completely disconnected with
her job. It is difficult, in
short, to convince any one that
she is where she is because
she has earned the right to
be there.
Previous to her appointment
as Ambassador to Rome, Mrs.
Luce had had no diplomatic
experience. Neither have many
men appointed to similar posts.
Sometimes these have been
excellent ambassadors. AS far
as I recall, Mrs. Luce's prede-
cessor, Ellsworth Bunker, had
had little if any diplomatic
experience but by common con-
Evening star., 1953-08-17

sent he did memorable job in
the less than a year he served
here.
Mrs. Luce has talents and
experience eminently useful to
diplomacy. She has been a
member of Congress and un-
derstands how politics work in
the United States. She had
hundreds of contacts in Italy
and Europe previous to her ap-
pointment, among wide classes
writers, journalists, artists
and intellectuals as well as in
society" Actually, she pre-
fers the company of people
who work, and work with their
brains. And she is a very good
match for them.
She is herself an able Jour-
nalist, with the journalists ca
pacity for quick and accurate
observation, and with a re-
markably retentive memory.
And finally, she is a mature
woman who has developed a
reflective and philosophical
cast of mind and is capable
of thinking in large, long
range terms.
The Ambassador to Rome
and I have sometimes been
on the opposite sides of the
political fence engaged in
animated controversy, but I
never underestimated her in
telligence or her knowledge
and have had reason to know
OF her generosity of feeling
toward those with whom she
disagrees. She is not a woman
who cherishes grudges or
thinks that anybody has a
monopoly of truth and right
eousness.
But a myth has been built
up about her. a sort of fairy
tale, constructed either by
gushing admirers or malicious
critics-a success story that
would better fit a movie star
than the lady it concerns. I
think things would be easier
for her in her present position
If she were a plain woman
weighing 100 pounds.
Just before the Italian
elections she made a speech
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Fletcher Knebel-
Potomac Fever

Navy Admiral Radford takes the Nations No.
military The administration hopes
himself military duties-civian
at it is
Senator Joe Mccarthy editors investigate
ington Post believes improving shining hour
the he for PreSdent-n the
for editor.
Tribal chiefs in French Sultan
The chiefs apologize for failure methods
Moroccan nguebut Technical Consutant Humphrey
vacation.
Senator Bridges Ike has put the Nation the
to balanced budget You won't have trouble this
superhighway-all the detours welI-marked.
The Nations wheat farmers overwhelmingly rigid
Federal controls abiding American
system summed three words-fah hope parity
Mrs Eleanor Roosevelts National Issues Committee"
heavily loaded with old New Dealers that it's being
the government Exile.
Ike closes the income tax loop-hole for stars living
abroad Madrid classified ad"Wanted Nice
lonely left stranded
by Yankee actresses"
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Pressure for an Extra Session
Proposals to Call Congress Back Before January Seem to Get
Respectful Attention in View of the Many Chores Ahead

withdrawn due to business
pressure. Whatever the ad-
ministration finally decides to
do in this controversial
matter must be acted on.
These and a number Of
other major matters will be
on hand when Congress comes
back in addition to the usual
grind of appropriation and
aid bills. If this was not
enough of a load to carry, the
program for next year appears
to contain at least one and
possibly two built-in filibusters
to further exhaust available
time. Hawaiian statehood has
been opposed right along by
some Southerners who are con-
vinced that two Senators from
Hawaii would mean two extra
votes for cloture, thus hamper
ing their defense against pass
age of civil rights measures.
But with the present even
strength Of the major parties
in the Senate, Hawaiian State
hood implies two new Repub-
lican Senators. Thus state
hood for Hawaii, no matter
how deserved, threatens to be-
come a party fight. The other
issue which might arouse a
filibuster is the st. Lawrence
SeaWay.
With these grim prospects
ahead, the proposals for a spe-
cial session to get rid of some
of Congress work load prior to
January are gaining respectful
attention.
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Thomas L. Stokes

A few days ago there was
an announcement from the
Indiana Farm Bureau that it.
was hiring a public relations
firm to get the farmers story
over to the public.
This begins to look like
something really serious. For
the national farm organiza-
tions, with their fairly large
and capable headquarters
stats, include a public rela-
tions section, along. of course,
with their corps of lobbyists
here in Washington.
That better public relations
are necessary seems to be a
growing realization. For in
stance, the National Farmers
Union. which quite often does
not see eye to eye with the
Farm Bureau or the National
Grange, now comes along to
stress the urgency of getting
the farmers case across to its
"customers"-the public. In its
most recent weekly report to
it's members, the Farmers Un-
ion. which represents generally
the smaller farmers, gives a
clue to what Is back Of its COM
plant about the farmers pub
lie relations.
Pointing out that the cost Of
living hit a new high in June,
with increased food prices
leading the advance. the re-
port explained that the farm
er'S share Of the consumers
food dollar was down to a
cents in June, comparing with
As cents in March, and 81 cents
in 1945.
Farmers" 1t comments, "get
less, consumers pay more, the
middleman takes a bigger bite
than ever out of both. The
economic disaster for farmers
in this ironic picture is obvious.
"But, besides their direct
economic injury, farmers are
suffering serious damage to
their public relations among
their customers, who generally
don't get the facts and tend
to blame high food prices on
the farmers. The severe dam
age 70 the political position Of
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Mccarthy Attack
On Wiggins Called
More Intimidation
Editor William M. Tugman of

Editor william M. Tugman OF
the Eugene (Oreg) Register
Guard said last night that an
attack on the managing editor
Of the Washington Post by Sen
ator Mccarthy, Republican, OF
Wisconsin "is simply another
move to try to intimidate edi-
tors for their honest opinions. !"
The Senator has asked the
American Society of Newspaper
Editors to investigate the con-
duct Of ]. r. Virgins, Post man.
aging editor. Mr.. Virgins served
as chairman of an ASNE COM
mittee which investigated the
Senator's questioning of Editor
James Wechsler of the New York
Post. He and three other COM
mittee members signed a minor
ity report calling the interroga-
ton of Mr.. Wechsler a definite
threat to freedom of the press.
Wrote to Nom -Signers.
Following this the Senator
wrote to seven members of the
committee who did not sign the
report. He enclosed a copy of a
Washington Post editorial criti-
cizing his activities in the
Wechsler case and asserted that
Mr.. Virgins through his paper
:. has prostituted and endan-
gered freedom of the press by
constant false. vicious and in
temperate attacks upon any one
who dares expose any of the
undercover Communists"
Last night Mr.. Tugman dis
missed Senator McCarthy's let
ter in these words:
1.-THE Senator's attack on Mr..
Virgins verified the conclusions
we made in reviewing the
WechSler case. It is simply an
other move to try to intimidate
editors for their honest opin-
ions" --
Has Recourse to Courts.
Another committee member,
William H. Fitzpatrick, associate
editor of the Wall Street Jour-
nal, said that "if Senator Nc
Carthy believes, as his letter in
dicates, that the Washington
Post has engaged in false,
vicious, Incorporate attacks on
him, he has recourse to the
courts, as he we'll knows"
Four other committee mem
bers who received Senator Nc
Carthy's letter were similarly
cool to it.
Mr.. Virgins, on vacation in
Maine, issued a statement earlier
in which he said he agreed fully
with the editorial the Senator
quoted and added that nothing
would please him more than an
ASNE investigation of the Posts
coverage of the Senator's career.
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Capt. CarIsen's S New Ship
Damaged at Bombay Dock
By the ASsoeioted Press

BOMBAY, India. Aug. IT.
Capt. Kurt Carlsen, 1952's most
famous seafarer, nursed another
damaged Flying Enterprise to-
day. This one. however. was
moored alongside a Bombay dock
and in no danger of sinking.
The s,000-ton Flying Enter
prise II tangled with the 1000
ton British freighter Canara as
a port tender maneuvered the
American ship into another
corner of the dock.
The Enterprises stern was
gashed and she got a 1O-foot
hole above her waterline. Port
officials said the Canara was
heavily damaged on both sides.
Capt. Carlson got his present
ship, owned by the ISbrandtsen
Co., of New York. after he won
world fame by refusing to desert
the first Flying Enterprise last
year as she lay helpless in the
Atlantic after a storm.
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Philosophy of the Joint Chiefs
More Than Change in Personnel Seen Admiral Rodfo
And His Stoff Take Over Hope for the Future Is Noted
David lawrence

Something more than a mere
change in personnel is drama
tized as Admiral Radford,
Chairman, and an entirely new
Joint Chiefs of Staff take over
from General Bradley, Chair.
man, and the three Serv-
ice chiefs who held their posts
under the Truman administra-
tion. For the change is one of
military philosophy toward
civilian control. 1t can be of
profound Importance to the
security of the United States.
Under the Truman admins
tration the military chiefs were
tools of politics. They couldn't
say publicly what they thought
without fear of reprisal-as
happened to Admiral Denfeld,
Chief of Naval Operations.
What they said in the open
was usually dictated, therefore,
by political considerations.
Speeches delivered by some of
them were often made to fit in
as replies to political attacks
on the administration. Though
such motivation was always Of
f1cially denied, the record shows
an oft-repeated coincidence of
military pronouncements that
suited the political whims of
President Truman or the pro-
British point of view of Secre-
tary of State AcheSon.
When General Bradley, just
q few weeks after the dismissal
of General Macarthur, couldn't
remember who in the White
House telephoned him to sum-
mon the Joint Chiefs to con-
slider the future status of Mac
Arthur, almost everyone was
surprised at his poor memory.
But when it was discovered
later that the Joint Chiefs
our supreme military authority
had not initiated or recon-
mended the Macarthur custer
to the President and only had
concurred when the word was
relayed to them by General
Bradley as to what the Presi-
dent wanted, people on Capitol
Hill, including the late Sen
Evening star., 1953-08-17

lican prospects will be i'm
proved if more of a record of
achievement is made by Con-
gress than now appears pos
sible Of accomplishment with
in the time limitations Of the
session beginning in January.
Left for solution until next
year for example is an in
credibly complex problem of
taxation and finance. Con-
gress is extraordinarily loath
to raise taxes in an election
year, but it cannot avoid the
problem of a mounting def
icit at a time when not only
the excess profit tax, recently
extended for six months over
the quivering body of Ways
and Means Committee Chair
man Dan Reed, but numerous
emergency excise taxes WILL
expire.
In addition Congress will
have before it the problem of
a more permanent solution to
the question of reciprocal
trade and the whole tariff
issue. The Eisenhower ad-
ministration's proposals for
changes in the Social Security
Act were brought up too late
for action in the past session
and were held over for jan
uary. After having been pre-
pared for presentation to Con-
gress, the administrations
proposals for modification of
the Taft-Hartley Act were
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Thonnos 1. Stokes
A Tough Problem for Farmers
Getting Their Story to the Public Is Viewed important
To All Consumers, But Difficult and So For Not Done

important for the long range,
are the economic implications.
A falling farm economy means
no good for the city man in
the end, as we found out once
before, and the omens can be
seen in lay-offs in one big
farm machinery plant. The
farmers are right in trying to
get their story over to the city
dweller. There's another very
potent truth cited by the
Farmers Union, to wit:
What happens to the con-
sumer's dollar is never told"
The unions report recalls
the way Congress went out Of
its way in making appropria-
tions for the Federal Trade
Commission to put in a
specific prohibition that none
of the FTC's funds could be
used to make a study Of what
happens to the consumers
dollar, a strange story that
was told in this column in
detail at the time. Pressure
was too strong on Congress
from that middle-man hier-
archy which takes it's toll from
the time the produce leaves
the farm until it gets to the
consumer.
That was a public relations
job that Congress could very
well have initiated for all of
us. rather than going out of
its way to squelch it. Only a
part of us are farmers, but all
of us are consumers - and
voters.
Evening star., 1953-08-17

to the Italian and American
Chambers of Commerce in
Milan. All but 2 minutes Of
the half hour were devoted to
reviewing Italian American
relations since the war; de-
scribing the American situa-
ton; and suggesting changes
to be expected and policies that
would continue. In q single
sentence she remarked that
these relations would be dis
turbed were Italy "unhappily
to fall a victim to the wiles
Of totalitarianism Of the right
or the left"-an expression
more or less self-evident.
The Communist press, Of
course. took this up as a
threat" to Italian sovereign
ty. That could have been
anticipated-they would have
found ammunition in anything
any American Ambassador
might have said. The inde-
pendent press in Italy, and,
of course, the press Of the
center parties made nothing
of it, but some of Mrs. Luce's
own countrymen. including q
columnist, seem to have taken
their cues from the Commu-
nists. One demanded her i'm
mediate recall!
Frankly. I think the re-
mark could have been omit
ted with no loss, though the
America -haters would have
found something else to pick
on. But I have read far more
dubious statements by gentle
men diplomats that never
stirred up a tenth of the
ruckus Of this one. It belongs
to the department of male
vanity and. alas, female mall
ice that delights in seeing a
lovely lady fall on her snoot,
and, if she doesn't, is pre-
pared to give her a shove.
Happily, this lady having
brains, industry, and a sense
of humor, is holding her own.
in spite of the fact that she
entered the Italian picture at
very trying time-of which
more anon.
tReleased by The Bell Syndicate, 1ne.)
Evening star., 1953-08-17

ministration or to appease al
lies who transmit their views
to our State Department.
Refusal of the Joint Chiefs,
for example, to support on
paper confidentially or before
Congress subsequently their
December, 1850, view that
bases in Manchuria should be
bombarded and a Naval en-
barge placed on strategic ma
terials destined directly or in
directly for Red China is a
sad example of how the mill
tary forfeited its independence
of judgment under the last
administration.
The philosophy of the new
personnel on the Joint Chiefs
of Staff is different. It was
expressed by General Ridgway,
Chief of Staff of the Army,
when he took his oath Of Office
last week. He pledged him.
self to preserve the democratic
institutions Of America and to
maintain the integrity Of the
military profession"
General Ridgway said this
means presenting honest, OBJ
jective, professional views up
to the point of decision by
civilian authority, and then
completely loyal execution Of
that decision.
No better creed could be pro-
claimed for the entire group of
new service chiefs. The func-
tion of Admiral Radford. as
chairman of the Joint Chiefs,
should not be to make public
speeches, however great the
temptation to uphold his boss
in the political arena. 1t
should be to furnish the best
military advice possible and
when called upon-to tell Con-
gress frankly what that advice
was so that the legislative
branch of the Government
may in due time pass judg-
ment on the efficiency and
effectiveness of the military
service rendered by the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff.
Reproduction rights reserve6.
Evening star., 1953-08-17

farmers that results could have
grave consequences in the cru
cial battle over extending price
supports next year. It needs
to be faced head-on."
Organized labor is ex-
tremely sensitive about the
high cost of living" the report
goes on and, in illustration, re-
prints cartoons from AFL and
CIO publications. 1.-THE unions,
however, tell their members
the economic facts of life
about who gets the increases
in rising food costs. The
unions have supported strong
farm programs and will con-
tinue to do So"
The Farmers Union finds the
farmers chief critic in folks
who live in city suburbs-white
collar and professional people.
With fixed salaries, they are
hardest hit by rising living
costs.
THE plain blunt truth is
that many city consumers
right now are downright hos
tile toward farmers and farm
programs" the union con-
fesses.
But the union finds other
devils. too-the administration
and that man Ezra Taft Ben
son, the much buffeted Secre-
tary of Agriculture.
It's report says, "the present
administration has inflamed
this hostility of big city con-
sumerS by its oratory about
'burdensome surpluses' and
high, rigid price supports.
Instead Of pleading the farm
er's cause. or even presenting
his case fairly, the Department
of Agriculture Is steering con-
sumer resentment of high food
prices against the farmers by
the direction taken in the pub
lie pronouncements of its top
officials"
This sort of talk. with a
bitter tinge. which is beginning
to be heard from other farm
quarters also, Is sign enough
that the farm issue is rapidly
becoming one of considerable
political import. But, more
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Ha|dore Hanson
Faces Loss Of Job
BY the Asseeioted Press

Haldore Hanson, one of the
targets of .Communist-in-Gov-
ernment charges by Senator
Mccarthy, Republican, of Wis
consin in 1850, will leave his
Foreign Operations Administra-
tion (FOA) post September l,
Administrator Harold E. Stas-
sen said yesterday.
Mr.. Stassen, in response to
inquiries, disclosed that Mr..
Hanson is being let out as part
of general staff cut and re-
organization, under which FOA
personnel is being reduced more
than 10 per cent because OF con-
gressional orders and budget
cuts.
He said the action had moth
ing to do with Senator Nc
Carthy's charges. of which Mr..
Hanson was cleared after inves-
tigation by a Senate subcom-
mittee headed by then Senator
Evening star., 1953-08-17
Minister and ProbeI
Agree That Reds in
Churches Are Few
By the Asseeiatsd Press

A New York churchman and q
member Of the House Un-Amer-
lean Activities Committee agreed
yesterday there is an "infinitesi-
NAL" number of Communists in
the churches. They also agreed
that suspected clergymen should
be summoned before congress
sional committees.
"The churches should show
they have real intention of clean
ing house." said the Rev. James
A. Pike, dean of the Protestant
Episcopal Cathedral of st. John
the Divine of New York.
IF a man is a Communist, he
should be removed. I don't be-
lieve any man who is a Commu-
mist should be teaching in church
institutions.
Representative Clardy, Repub-
lican of Michigan, a member of
the House committee, said the
group is not interested in any in
vestigation of the churches.
"We are trying to discover the
nature of the Communist plot
and ferret it out" Mr.. Clardy
said. He added that it is up to
the churches themselves to take
action against any Communists
found in church positions.
The Rev. Mr.. Pike, who ap-
peared with Mr.. Clardy on an
NBC television program, said
many clergymen have been pub
licly described as Communists
or sympathizerS when they really
were not.
1--WE must not confuse or weak
en- the prophetic task of the
church to work for better social
ORDER" he said. "The desire for
change does not necessarily mean
Marxist thought"
=
Evening star., 1953-08-17

ator Taft. were chagrined.
From that time on-aS the
speeches by General Bradley
seemed to be political express
sions ordered by the admins
tration-the late Republican
leader declared publicly he had
no confidence in the them
existing Joint Chiefs of Staff.
General Bradley was an ex-
cellent soldier in the last war
in Europe. He has a likable
personality and has many ad-
mirers as a military man. But
his Judgment on global STRAIT
egy has been subject to public
criticism by many other prom
inent military men. Thus, when
he told a House committee in
the autumn of 1949 that Amer
lea could dispense with large
aircraft carriers and he openly
disparaged the concept of am
phibious warfare on a large
scale, he didn't realize that
within eight months one
Of the largest amphibious op-
erations in American history
would be carried out on the
peninsula of Korea or that,
without aircraft carriers. the
fighter planes of the United
States Air Force could never
have been transported to Ko-
rea in time to meet the crisis
of the early days of the war.
Every military commander
knows that the kind of war
waged in Korea under the
Joint Chiefs of Staff of the
Truman-AcheSon administra-
ton was not the kind of war
that should have been fought.
But the military chiefs never
said so for fear of being sum-
marily dismissed, as was Gen.
eral Macarthur.
The basic principle involved
here is the forthrightness and
independence of the military.
It must always be obedient to
a civilian decision, but in fur
niShing military advice it must
not adulterate its thinking on
military questions to suit the
political purposes of the ad-