davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-11
Conant Visits Heuss,
Discusses Politics
BY the Assoeiossd Press

BONN. Germany, Feb. 11.-Dr.
James Bryant Conant donned
the striped pants of the diplo-
mat today to make his first off,
cial call as the new United
States High Commissioner to
Germany.
He called on West German
President TheodOf Hepss at the
presidential mansion, villa Hams
merschmidt.. "a
The educator scientist from
Harvard and DR.. HeusS, former
journalist and professor of po-
litical science, visited for about
As minutes. Aides said they ex-
changed pledges to work for har-
monious German-American re-
lations and discussed political
and scientific subjects.
DR.. Conant'S call on the chief
of the West German government,
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer,
has been delayed because the
Chancellor remains at his home
with the flu. He also plans to
visit the chief Of the powerful
Socialist opposition, Erich Ollen-
hauer.
With the political leaders. DR..
Conant will press the United
States objective of trying to get
quick ratification of Bonn's
treaties of alliance with the West
-pactS which the Socialists have
said they will continue to resist.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
GuerriIIas Step Up
Chinese Coast Raids
By me Assoeiussd Press

TAIPEH, Formosa. Feb. H.
The Chinese Nationalist Defense
Ministry today said two mo-
torized junks manned by
guerrillas sank a Chinese Red
junk Monday and captured two
others in Wenchow Bay, 235
miles south Of Shanghai.
Earlier. a senior Nationalist
general said seaborne raiders
have hit the Reds is times in
the past seven months in a
prelude to heavier blows.
The Defense Ministry said the
two guerrilla junks were on
patrol in Wenchow Bay, on the
China coast northwest of For
mosa. when they clashed with
the Communist craft.
Presumably the guerrilla jlnkA
operate out of the Tai Chow
Islands 100 4 miles south Of
Shanghai. These are among the
more important of about 80
islands which the Nationalists
hold OF Red China's coast.
The Nationalist general eSti-
mated guerrillas inflicted 22O,-
900 casualties on the Reds IN
all operations In 1852, but made
no estimate Of guerrilla losses.
The largest hit-run force in
volved 5000 men. while. q dozen
other attacks involved $500. 4.
The general also told newsmen
Of plan to airdrop amlnuni-
ton, machine guns and other
supplies regularly to Nationalist
guerrillas based in high, snow
crusted mountains in the Red
China hinterland, 1900 miles
from FormoSa.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
FOUND.

BICYCLE, boys. Owner may have By
Identifying. EOS East Raymond ave-,
Alexandria, Va XII. S-0017.
Dog female, small black; found 7th st.
NE. La. 6-6145.
DOG male, pointer tyne, white with
6-6S6S. Ia
DOG, male, long shaggy hair. bun color,
round Gather collar. Owner or good
home. XII. 9-3969.
PUFFY, male, tan. black mask: VIC. 0iebe
I'd. and Columbia Pike. "A. 2-2500.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
Those Tunspot crashes -9.---@1ss-es
All Force Must Fly Anywhere, Any Time,
Even If 1t Costs Lives and Equipment.

BY the time the scanners could
telephone the nearest airway
control tower. the controllers
were out of radio touch with the
on -course planes. Gen. Ramey
said the radio freQuencies are
being changed to permit radar
crews to talk directly to airmen.
In addition. radar crews will
be enlarged to help track friend
" aircraft. It was emphasized,
however. that this safety con-
troll viii be impossible in case Of
war because Of the message vol
ume and the highly-specialized
duty Of the air defense warning
network.
Unsafe Safety Feature.
With regard to the disasterous
crash Of the C-l24 In Washing
ton State, Air Force experts tes-
titled that q built IN safety Tea
ture which failed IS being re-
designed.
It was testifled that the huge
Globemaster took on while the
ailerons. rudder and elevators
were partly locked by q devise
intended to hold the controls
rigid while the airplane was on
the ground.
Five Of the planes in the acci-
dents were postwar types of in
creased power and performance
to World War II models. The
crew experience was therefore
relatively short in the particular
type.
Yet the introduction of new
airplanes and the training load
going along with the expansion
has been accompanied by a re-
duction in accidents each year
since. the end Of the war. Gen.
Vandenberg said.
Mr.. Short agreed. 1.-THE over
all record" he said, has been a
good one as far as safety goes"
The chairman added that it
seems obvious. military operations
cannot be judged by the same
standards applied to commercial
flying. .S t4@ at{g
That seemed to be pretty close
to the nub of the matter.
(Tomorrow-The safety device
that killed 87.)
Evening star., 1953-02-11
BY the Assoeiutsd Press

DULUTH. Mimi, Feb. 11.-Al-
bert Woolson is log today and
he's getting used to being an
institution.
One Of two surviving veterans
Of the Union Army, he's as popu-
lar as an institution as Duluth's
aerial lift bridge. Tourists have
taken to stopping by for a hand.
shake.
He receives his guests with
dignity befitting his age. And
he'll recite after the Battle,
Mother" tall 10 verses at the
drop of an eyelaSh.
Mr.. WoolSon gets hundreds of
birthday cards every year and
answers them all. Last week he
shoveled snow from his front
walk $50 the postman won't have
any trouble getting in"
The former drummer boy, vet
eran of the dash for VickSburg.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
One Of 2 Union Veterans Left
Celebrates His Tooth Birthday

thinks President Eisenhower is
doing a fine job and puts him
in the class with Gen. Grant
Mr.. Woolson's highest compi-
ment.
Grant had good horse sense, !"
he said. IKE has. too"
Mr.. Woolson lives with his SON.
in-law and daughter, Mr.. and
Mrs. John KobuS. The daughter
says her father needs no special
diet and rarely is visited by his
physician.
Mr.. Woolson says: ''It would
be better for me If I had to work.
I set here too much, I guess y
He's up every morning at $3.50
and shaves with a safety razor.
Mr.. Woolson has two sons, six
daughters. 10 grandchildren, five
great-grandchildren and four
Observation-Disclosures.
The only other surviving
Union Army veteran is James A.
Hard. Rochester, N. Y.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
Those Trunsport Crashes
By NJ. 4. Shippen !.

Is the drive Of the Air Force
toward all-weather operations on
a global scale proving too costly
in men and machines?
The House Armed Services
Committee. alarmed by the death
Evening star., 1953-02-11

hero's tribute to the general
who only a few hours earlier
had bade a fearful farewell to
his 9th Army in Korea.
On the plane which brought
him here, Gen. Van Fleet seemed
thoroughly relaxed. with the
heavy burden Of a long COM
mand lifted from his broad
shoulders.
But tonight, at a dinner and
reception at the home of Gen.
Mark Clark, U. N. Far Eastern
commander, the doughty warrior
appeared somewhat uncomfort-
able as United Nations digni-
taries jammed around him.
He ended his historic 22-month
command Of the 17-nation Al
lied army today when he turned
the job over to 1t. Gen. Max
well D. Taylor.
Voice Shows Emotion.
Then, while a band played
"Auld Lang Syne." Gen. Van
Fleet boarded plane at Seoul
for the first leg Of the long
journey home.
He blinked back the tears and
in gruf voice, choked with
emotion, said:
Lets get outta here"
In a brief landing at PuSan,
he laid wreaths in the United
Nations, cemetery.
This is a very sacred duty, I"
he said. This is my last official
act-to pay my respects to these
gallant men who have made the
supreme sacrifice for u.s."
En- route from Pusan to Tokyo,
the old soldier removed his ira
ditional pearl-handled pistol-a
Colt .45-and placed it in a
leather bag.
This is a real military bag" "
he said slowly. ut was given
to me by my son. So was this
gun. That's the reason I'm so
attached to it,"
Gen. Van Fleets only son,
James, jr., a 5th Air Force pilot.
has been listed as missing in
action since an April 4 B-26 mis-
sion over North Korea.
AS the general put the pistol
away. he added:
II may have to wear it during
some ceremonies. so ] don't want
to pack 1t too Deep"
Then he said:
Evening star., 1953-02-11
By Fred Voters
Associoted Press Stoff Photoorophe

TOKYO, Feb. 11.-Gen. James
A. Van Fleet, the old fighter
against communism in Greece
and Korea, paused here today
for farewell honors in his jour-
ney home to retirement.
A glittering array of military
and diplomatic officials paid a
----
Fred Voters, Associoted Press photoeFo-
1hef and lons1time friend ef Gen.
lanes A. Van Fleet. accompanied the
departing 9Th Army commander todoy
on flight from Korea TO Tokyo. Mr..
Woters took the lost pictures Of the
general and his only son. Jones. ir.,
now listed os missing in oction otter
q bomber mission over Red Korea.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
Phone Service Opens
From Seoul to All u. S.
By she Assoeicted Press

SEOUL, Feb. 1.-THE INTER-
national Telephone Exchange
today announced the opening Of
telephone service from Seoul to
any point in the United States.
Pvt. Bill Bube made the first
call. to his mother in the Bronx.
1T took q little time to place
the CALL he said, "but it came
in clear when we got to New
York. 1t was just like calling
home from downtown except for
the price,"
Calls cost $12 for three min
utes on week days and 50 on
Sundays.
Calls are sent out by radio
transmitter to Oakland, Calf :,
and from there over telephone
lines to points in the States.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
Concern Expressed
By Indian President
Al Formosa Decision
By ,h.' Associated Pres,

NEW DELHI, India. Feb. IL
President Rajendra Prasad to-
day voiced India's grave con-
cern" at the United States de-
cision to deneutralize the Chi
nese Nationalists on Formosa.
Mr.. Prasad, without specific
reference to President Eisen-
hover, told the opening session
Of the.new parliament that "cer-
tain statements recently made
and the consequences that might
flow from them in extending
the war in Korea have caused
considerable apprehension in the
minds Of people all over the
world" He continued:
MY government has viewed
these developments with grave
concern I trust that any tend
ency towards extension Of the
war. which has already brought
disaster in its train, will be
checked. My government will
pursue a policy of friendship
with all countries without any
alignment with one group of
nations against another.
Wants Peaceful Approach.
'The democratic processes to
which we are so firmly commit
ted in our own country involve
methods Of peaceful approach to
problems. If democracy is to
survive, the same climate of
peace and spirit of reconcilia-
ton has to be extended to the
international sphere"
Addressing a packed joint
session of both chambers Of
Parliament, Mr.. PraSad ex-
pressed regret that "Some of the
great countries most intimately
concerned were unable to ac-
cept" India'S Korean peace pro-
poSals to the United Nations.
Other high spots.
East Africa-'The racial con-
flict there is not ended to the
satisfaction of the people, is
likely to extend and engulf vast
areas in Africa"
India's Economic Situation
Generally shows distinct signs
of Improvement, though there
are still areas where, owing to
lack of rain, near-famine con-
ditionS prevail"
FOOdStOckS-"1.9 million tons
were on hand at the beginning
of the current year, "the highest
stock on record so far, one of
the factors being the United
States wheat loan."
Foreign Trade - "Readjust-
ment of world prices affected
our foreign trade and exports
fell both in value and quantity"
Evening star., 1953-02-11
Van Fleet Pouses in Tokyo
For Farewell on Way Home

Il better get out q dressier
cap"
He slowed away his old field
cap, slowed it away tenderly, for
it is the one he wore during all
the weeks and months. Of battle.
When he greeted Gen. Clark and
other high brass, after landirg
at Tokyo. Gen. Van Fleet was
wearing q dressy officers cap.
Tomorrow evening, at about 6
pm. Gen. Van Fleet and his
party will board Gen. Clark's
Constellation for Honolulu He
will meet Mrs. Van Fleet there
and rest q few days. From Homo
lulu. the Van Fleets will travel
TO San Francisco aboard the shin
President jackson.
En- route to Tokyo, Gen. Van
Fleet mapped for awhile b and
spent some time debating letters
TO his stenographer, Corpl. VIII
liam ]. Hufnell Of Philadelphia
Someone said: what do yo,i
consider the most significant
landmark in Korea?"
Well" he replied, s'I could
close my eyes and picture all of
Korea, but the part that stands
out and I remember most clearly
is the mountainous area where
the Communists tried to come
through the I'd Division in the
spring offensive Of 1851. / can
ny over that area and pick ont
knobs and little hills that even
the smallest I'd Division units
were on"
Gen. Van Fleet unused that he
hoped to get back to Africa some
day. On his last trip there
with his son--lle shot three lions
and an African buffalo.
Chased Up i Tree.
J Il got treed by q rhino" he
chuckled. Il couldn't shoot him
because ! didn't have d license.
and anyway. my guide asked me
not to shoot. So I ran for a tree
and sat in 1t until the rl1ino
charged past"
The plane bringing him to To-
kyo was full Of flowers, the gift
OF South Korean assemblyn1en
who saw him of at Pusan. The
masses Of flowers loaded aboard
the plane at Seoul he left In the
q. N. Cemetery at Pusan,
Also on the plane. were three
squirming puppies personal
gift from Gen. Van Fleets old
and ailing friend, South Korean
President Syngman Rhee.
Gen. Clark's headquarters said
command Of the 9th Army passed
to Gen. Taylor at precisely 10
a.m.-when Gen. Van Fleets
plane roared down the runway
and into the air.
That was the end Of 20 bitter
months in Korea for Gen. Van
Fleet.
Evening star., 1953-02-11

This IS the first Of series Of articles
IN which Nj. Shipper, aviation editor Of
The Stor, onoIyxes the causes Of Q
sterling series Of Air Force troop frons-
port aecidents which have mode news
in recent months. The conclusions ore
based on information developed il hear
inss BY the House Armed Services Com
mittee.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
Korea Fighting Lags
As Taylor Takes Over
8th Army Command .
Dy The Associoied Press

SEOUL, Feb. IL. - Fighting
dwindled to patrol activity along
the dreary 155smile Korean
battle front today as 1t. Gen.
Maxwell D. Taylor took COM
lnand Of the United States 9th
Army.
Gen. Taylor, o paratrooper
general Of World War II, became
the fourth United Nations field
commander In Korea. He sue
ceeded Gen. James A. Van Fleet,
who started home for retirement.
Despite clouds covering most
Of North Korea throughout the
day, the 5th Air Force reported
Sabre jets swept MIG Alley,
fighter -bombers struck. on the
west coast and B-26 bombers
knocked out the center span Of
3 rail bridge south Of Wonsan
on the east coast.
Sabre pilots encountered no
MICS.
Thunderjet fighter ; bombers
destroyed seven buildings and
touched Oh, q secondary ex-
plosion in q military area north
east OF Sariwon on the west
coast.
Other Thunderjets cut Red
rail tracks in the same area, and
bombed a shore installation near
Pyongyang. North Korean capi-
tai.
Last night, unopposed B-29
SuperfortS rained bombs on a
Red supply center at Chongam-
chan, less than 40 miles from
the MIG base at Antung, Man
churia. and rail installations at
Huichon.
Crewmen reported the Reds
failed to fire a shot from either
ground guns or night fighters
and even neglected to turn on
their searchlightS.
The Navy reported today that
carrier based planes swept to
within II miles Of the Manchu-
rian border in Northeast Korea
Tuesday. Pilots said they
destroyed 40 buildings and four
power transformer stations near
Hoeryong and damaged another
transformer north Of Chongjin
so miles southwest of the Man
churian border.
Evening star., 1953-02-11

C-1l9 caused . crash landing
lat billings, Mont, on November
II. killing nine men.
No evidence bf sabotage was
found in any 6f the accidents.
Recapitulating. bad weather was
q contributing factor in the crash
of four Of the planes, all Of
which carried troops or military.
passengers. Nevertheless, the
Air Force remains confident that
the weather can and must be-
beaten.
Anywhere, Any Time.
Gen. Hoyt s. vandenberg. air
chief Of stan. put It this way to
the legislators: sAs an airman,
i see our mission essentially in
these terms: That the q. s. A. +,
be prepared to ny anywhere,
any time and under any condi-
tons in defense Of the national
interests.
What counts with us is the
effectiveneSs, the continuing abil-
| ity Of the force to carry out its
world mission. And there is only
one reliable teacher. It is not
theory. It is experience in the
air. And experience always
exactS o price.
I'VE are paying a price. It
may at times seem a heavy price,
But meanwhile. something Inn
portant has been gained.
"The Air Force is being stead
lily converted into an all-weather
force. !. Today it operates as
matter Of daily practice under
weather conditions which six or
seven years ago would have kept
all but the most advanced air.
craft on the ground"
NavigationaI Aids Needed.
It was clear. nevertheless, that
the three Alaskan accidents
might have been prevented by
adequate land and airborne nav
igational aids. Chairman Short,
Republican, Of Missouri, asked
what was being done about that.
The reply came from Mai.
/ Gen. Roger Ramey, chief of OPP
erations. He said the Civil Aero
nautics Administration had been
asked to make Is changes and
additions on radio installations
along the Federal airways in
Alaska. He said four very high
frequency ground stations will
be placed in the next few months
in the area where the planes
were lost.
The VHF signals cut through
storm static, but are limited to
line-of sight transmission. Sta
tions must be set on peaks if
mountain ranges are not to in
terfere. This multiplies the cost
in a vast, inaccessible region Of
high mountains and glaciers.
The general said the CAA CO.
operates wherever it's budget per-
mits. In recent years, however,
Congress has cut heavily into
CAA requests for new naviga-
tional aids. And it is harder to
get such aids for Alaska than it
is, say, for Americas transcon-
tinental airways.
Radar Can Help, Too.
Another means is being devel-
/ oped, Gen. Vandenberg said, to
/ aid airmen in rugged Alaska.
Almost a dozen long-range radar
surveillance posts are beginning
to function. aJ+ II st
In fact, all three transports
which crashed of course were
| picked up on these scopes at one
time or another. But the scam
ners, whose duty is to spot hos
tile aircraft, had no direct COM
munication with the airmen.
They operated on a different
radio channel.
Evening star., 1953-02-11
EIizubeth Soils Aquin

SOUTHAMPTON. England,
Feb. II P.-The liner Queen
Elizabeth sailed for New York
today after a Seven-week reflt
and overhaul to prepare her for
a busy coronation season. She
is scheduled to make 18 round
trips between now and October.
Evening star., 1953-02-11

toll in recent crashes, has taken
testimony on the question, and
apparently is satisfied for the
time being. n
The public. too, may be satiS-
fied that the defense effort Is
well worth the cost. But at least
one important group has yet To
be heard from: The young men
who must ny the jets and giant
transports for an Air Force ex-
panding rapidly toward q goal
Of 143 wings.
They are the ones who, in the
long run. must prove the Air
Forces theory that America S
war planes should carry out their
missions whether the weather is
favorable or not. And it is to
the problem of these young men
that the legislators have ad-
dressed themselves.
Six Accidents Studied.
The House members selected
for study six fatal accidents. all
Of which occurred late In 1862
in the Northwest and Alaska.
They wanted to learn If COM
mon factors-such as terrain
weather. navigational aids
maintenance or even sabotage
could supply a connecting link
which might help explain the
mishapS.
The crashes killed 224 persons,
81 of them in Alaska.
The top USAF command as
signed these causes for the
tragedies:
|. A built-in defect in a vital
safety device, coupled with crew
error, caused "the greatest disas-
ter of all"-the death of 81 men
December 20 in the wreck of a
CHA transport at Larson All
Force Base. Moses Lake, Wash
ington.
2. Heavy cross winds. turbu-
lence. icing and radio static-on
an Alaskan route where naviga-
tional aids are scarce-combined
with a navigational error to de-
stroy a CHA transport on Sur
prise Glacier, November %, kill
ing So men.
Static and the Weather.
3. Static, bad weather and
scarce navigational aids in
Alaska again contributed to the
navigational mistake which sent
a C-119 Flying Boxcar" troop
carrier into Mount Silverthorne
on November z. resulting in the
death Of 10 men.
E 4. More static on low-frequency
receivers in an area iradequately
supplied with radio aids com!
bined with a navigational erro.
in the loss Of a C-119 transport
between Anch chorage, Alaska, and
Kodiak on November Is. The
aircraft. with all 20 on board,
disappeared amid glacial peaks
and has never been found.
5. A quick change in the
weather for the worse, an engine
failure at low altitude and ques-
tionable Judgment on the part Of
the pilot, resulted in the landing
crash OF a C-54 passenger plane
at McChord Air Force Base,
Washington, on November 28.
The death toll was 81.
6. "A propeller blade which
snapped in two and wrenched
loose one of two engines on a
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-11-15
Irrigation
Increase Yields
OF Wild Hay
Irrigation
By STANLEY w. HOWARD


IN 1851, $4,000 acres of irrigated
wild hay were harvested in Montana
with an average yield of only 0.8T
tons per acre, according to the bien-
NAL report on Montana Agricultural
Statistics published by the Montana
Department of Agriculture in CO.
operation with the U.S.D.A., Bureau
of Economics. This resulted in the
production of $4,000 tons of hay.
Since livestock production is one
of the most important industries IN
the state, the growing of sufficient
high quality feed for maintaining
our livestock production becomes a
major problem. Certainly it seems
that our irrigated meadow lands
should be producing more than 0.67
of ton per acre.
The management p c ii C e S in
handling this irrigated wild hay land
vary widely from ranch to ranch
and the methods used in irrigating
these hay meadows are no exception.
In some areas of the state irrigation
water is turned on to these lands in
May and allowed to run until 10
days or two weeks before haying
begins In other areas, of course,
ranchers are trying to apply water,
as much as possible, according to
the needs of the soil and hay that
they are irrigating.
More Than Needed
On some of the older ranches in
Montana this system of continuous
irrigation has been practiced for
many years without change.
Amounts of water applied per season
in many instances have been many
times the amount needed to supply
the moisture requirement of the hay
and soil.
Mountain meadow studies in Colo
RADIO have been shown that as much
as 38 acre feet of water has been
the net amount in a period of So
days per acre of land. 1t is no Won
der that such excessive amounts OF
water applied to meadow lands has
caused seeped land and loss of pro-
duction in many areas. Yields alone
not only become less over a period
of years but the quality of the hay
produced has become poorer because
water-loving plants such as the
sedges, rushes and cattails have
crowded out the more nutritious and
palatable grasses and clover.
Meadow improvement work done
to date indicates that several prac-
tees are needed to improve yields
and quality of feed produced and
no one practice will cure all prob
lens.
Yields Can Be Increased
Research in progress in Wyoming
and Colorado would indicate that
yields and quality of forage can be
increased. Intermittent irrigations
combined with other sound manage
ment practices have given higher
production than where continuous
flooding has been practiced.
Many pro b l I'm that arise in
|