davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-09-02
By J. Edgar Hoover
Federal Bureau of INVESTIGATION.

Director. Federal Bureau Of Investigation.
fReprinted from the September issue
OF the FBI LGW Enforcement BulIetin.)
TWO important developments in
L population trends may soon con-
verge in crisis in the field of criminal
activity. They are to be found in the
large number of younger citizens ap-
preaching the crime e-committing age
and a simultaneous increase in the
number of persons IS years of age and
older, many of whom become the tar
gets for murder, robbery, and other
vicious offenses.
During the period from 1910 to 1850
the Nation experienced an unusually
high birth rate. In 1910 there was
total of 21,226.146 children 9 years of
age and under; by 1850 there were
29,565,0 900 children in that same age
group. an increase of approximately 80
per cent. The first wave in this flood
tide of new citizens born between 1910
and 1850 has just this year reached the
teen age, the period in which some of
them will inevitably incline toward ju-
Venile delinquency and, later, a full
f1edged criminal career. If these chill
dren eventually commit crimes at the
same rate as that at which criminal
offenseS are now being committed by
their elders, it can be accurately pre-
dicted that the Nation will soon be con-
fronted with crime wave of greater
overall proportions than anything
known heretofore.
The second development converging
into this potential criminal problem is
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Armed Forces Morale

General Ridgway was not opening up
new subject when he commented with concern
on reports which have reached him OF de-
teriorating morale in the Army, and, of course,
in the other services as well. 1t iS on the
contrary, a problem of long standing and
serious proportions.
Why individuals who couldn't lead pla
toon around corner like to make career out
of sneering at "the brass is a little hard to
understand. Nevertheless it is a popular
American pastime, and now that the fighting
in Korea is over there is apt to be more rather
than less of it. This tendency to deride mill
tary leaderS-many of them men whose out
standing competence would bring much higher
rewards in private induStry-is only one of the
things, however, which contribute to sagging
morale. Another is the chipping away in the
name of economy at the So-called fringe bene-
fits which have traditonaly been looked upon
as partial offset to the relatively low pay scales
in the services
This is a factor which assumes increasing
Importance as modern weapons and modern
strategy demand the services of more and
more highly trained men in the armed forces
1t costs many thousands of dollars to train one
of these specialists, and there certainly is no
real economy in cutting back on such things
as commiSsaries and dental care for dependents
when the result is to discourage men from
making a career of military service. The cost
of training one new man can wipe out the
false economy in dozen such cases, and this
is something which should be recognized. In
the long run, our best hope of true economy
in this field lies in inducing competent people
to make their careers in the specialist branches
of the defense establishment.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Area Highway Authority

The time is coming when some such region
al highway authority as has been proposed by a
committee of interjurisdictional traffic experts
will have to be given serious consideration by
Congress- The transportation problems of the
Washington Metropolitan Area are becoming
too intermingled and complex for any one
jurisdiction to solve without complete-and
legal-co-operation of adjacent communities. A
somewhat similar transportation dilemma led
New York and New Jersey to join in creating
the Port of New York Authority. Certain bridge
and highway problems of Washington and its
suburbs might well be handled more intelli-
gently and more effectively through a like
agency, set up by Federal, District, Maryland
and Virginia compact.
The plan, as enviSioned by the Traffic
Congestion Committee of the Commissioners
and Governors Conference on Metropolitan
Washington Traffic Problems will be presented
to the full conference here this month. The
chairman of the committee is District Highway
Director Robertson, who is acutely aware of
the need for better coordination of highway
planning, financing and construction opera
tionS in this vicinity The lack of an overall
authority is felt especially in the discussions
now going on among regional agencies with
respect to new bridges over the Potomac River
No particular Jurisdiction has rightful mo-
politan Area, for more than one jurisdiction
obviously has responsibilities in this important
field of traffic relief Not only are questions of
planning and of cost apportionment involved,
but common sense suggests the advisability OF
integrating actual construction of bridges and
their approaches.
The Robertson committee proposed creation
of washington Metropolitan Area Highway
Improvement District" under supervision of an
operating agency representing all Jurisdictions
within the area The agency would be empow-
cred to borrow funds from the Treasury Suff1-
cient to carry out joint projects, the loans to be
repaid according to an appropriate apportion-
ment of the cost among the affected jurisdic-
tions. More details of the interesting plan will
be discussed at the Forthcoming conference. To
be effective of course, the authority would have
to derive its powers from the participating gov
ernmental units by compact. This presumably
would require not only Federal and District leg
islation but action by the Maryland and Virginia
General Assemblies It is a long-range plan that
cannot be put into effect overnight. 1t is not.
however too early to begin consideration OF
such plan.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Policy on Tronsit Operators

The Capital Transit Company's rea-
soning is based on groundless fears
when 1t contends that the company
cannot hire Negro operators because
the white streetcar and bus operators
would walk out in protest.
All of us at some time fear change:
this is normal. But the Capital Transit
Co. may do well to look at a few
recent changes in race relations in the
District. The National Theater closed
several years back rather than admit
Negro patronS-there was a fear that
the white patronage would drop ap-
preciably if they had to sit besides Ne
groes. Since that time. both the Ma
tional and Shubert Theaters both
operating on on-diScriminatory
basis, have enjoyed success, both as
financial ventures and as cultural in
stltutlonS. Before the recent Supreme
Court decision, there was widespread
fear OF mass designations of white
restaurant workers who might be called
upon to serve Negroes. There was also
a fear of Incidents" Neither fear be-
came an actuality; once the new policy
came into being the people accepted it
since it was in agreement with their
consciences.
The same arguments that the Capital
Transit Co. is putting forth for not
hiring Negro operators were put forth
by transit companies in other cities
But once Negroes were on the job, the
imaginary problem was seen to be nom
existent. Witness the Baltimore situa-
tion: Negro operators were hired with
out race f1are-ups. without strikes or
widespread designations. This happened
in Baltimore which in many respects
has less favorable race relations cli-
mate than does the District.
The white drivers of our streetcars
and buses can't be as narrow and
bigoted as the Capital Transit Co. and
the Transit union would have us be-
lieve. Let us show faith in the basic
fairness and feeling of goodwill in
herent in these men.
The Capital Transit Co. can prove
to the citizens of Washington that their
attitude is one of open -mindedness by
hiring colored operators and observing
results rather than by basing it's posi-
ton of false fears.
Theodore r. Hudson.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Thunder Clouds Over Trieste

Inc 1aCG CnaC the clLlZeuS OI 4f1eSGS are
reported as remaining calm these days can
hardly be credited to the governments of
YugoSlavia and Italy For the exchange of
accusatory words and the Shuf1ing of military
forces which has been taking place recently
are not exactly the best means of preserving
a peaceful atmosphere or even of approaching
the resolution of ong-standing issue between
the two countries.
Actually, the outbreak of controversy dur
ing the past week appears to have happened
without much solid reason. The Yugoslav press
and radio set it off with some disturbing state
ments that the Belgrade government was be-
coming weary of the official Italian attitude
toward the Free Territory dispute and new
and tougher policy was implied. The fact that
the YugoSlav press and radio are in large
measure under government control gave added
weight to these comments, and the fact that
Yugoslav troops we're reported maneuvering in
the area led to a fear that outright military
occupation of at least Zone B-already under
YugoSlav ation-might be impending.
Still, Rome in it's turn appeared to act some
what precipitouSy in directing a challenging
protest to Belgrade and engaging in a furry
of ordering precautionary military measures"
Belgrade has since asserted that its original
statements were misinterpreted but has coun
intends military coup-against Zone A-and
with the connivance of "the Anglo-Amercan
military government in Trieste" Marshal Tito
is scheduled to make an address on Sunday
which may clarity his governments position.
The current problem of the future OF
Trieste is legacy of World War although
the territory historically has been in conten-
ion between Italy and its eastern neighbor.
The Free Territory was defined during the pro-
tracted negotiations over the Italian peace
treaty, with an understanding that eventually
it would be placed under United Nations gov
ernorship. The customary Soviet intransigence
blocked agreement on identity of U. N gov
ernor and the compromise of placing Zone B
under YugoSlav jurisdiction and Zone under
British-American military administration re-
suited. Last summer, Italy was given certain
civil responsibilities in Zone A. During the
Italian election campaign of 1948, and while
Yugoslavia was still a Russian satellite the
United States, Britain and France Joined in
a declaration that the entire territory should
fall to Italy-a statement that has plagued
the Western nations somewhat since Yugo-
slavias detection from its association with
Moscow and its closer relationship with the
West.
Currently, the Western position is more
one of hope than of policy-namely, the hope
that the two powers directly involved could
find some basis for a bilateral settlement of
the issue. Such hope is hardly encouraged,
however, by the charges and countercharges
of the past week and it appears that Trieste
will be a source of infection, at least, within
the anti-Soviet community for some time to
come.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Morning Prayer

Lord, keep my heart in touch, ! prdy,
With all things beautiful today,
Let me take time from routine things
To see the flash of bIuebird aOings;;
To hear the million leGUes that speak
When little WindS cGresS nay cheek,
To feel the WGrm. inDittn0 sun
That bids the morning shadows run;
To smell the earth Uhen Summer rain
ReuiueS the ,oilting fields again,
And see as though tDith brdnd-ne,U eyes
The tDe1lth that round about me lies
Until Thy signature oiueS grace
To all once held commonplace.
viney Wilder
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Southwest Washington

The example of the Quaker boys and
girls in helping certain Southwest
Washington families paint and repair
their homes is the answer to the prob
lem of "slumS" IN the Southwest and
elsewhere.
Wholesale tearing down and replac-
ing with apartments, projects, housing
units, ETC.. at Government expense, lie.
the taxpayers, is not the answer.
Are there not those who remember
Georgetown before 1920? About that
time the movement to rebuild, clean
up and restore old Georgetown build
ingS and construct new ones to con-
form to the Colonial style, became
strong and has continued. The re-
storing and creation of lovely homes
and studios is still going on and more
than one slummy building has become
beautiful-and property has steadily
become more valuable in Georgetown.
Such a movement in the Southwest,
where there are relics of good archi-
lecture, lot of vacant land, and many
small homes, would be the natural and
wise plan, coming from the individual
owners and others wishing to live
there.
A wholesale scrapping of vast Sec
tionS, moving the people out, and
building housing projects" at the tax
payers expense (and it has even been
said the families would be subsidized
so they could pay higher rentS) is
Short-sighted and unwise, and there
is strong probability that the Govern
ment will find suits filed by owners and
or groups of them, which will be fought
to the Supreme Court If necessary, to
block such communiStic activity.
There are certain basic problems
which have interfered with the South
vests development:
/. Government condemnation of land
This has gone on for years and whole
parishes have been destroyed, including
the Epiphany Chapel. While one will
not dispute the right of eminent do
main, it is very discouraging some
times to see property taken over and
then stand idle for as much as ten
years, useless to any one before the
land is used. There is one loss of taxa
ton revenue.
2. Lack Of transportation-The
Southwest has unsatisfactory public
transportation, less satisfactory in
some ways than it was 80 years ago.
3. The people who live there-The
Southwest has been somewhat notori-
Gus for years, and yet many old and
excellent Washington families have
Evening star., 1953-09-02

the fact that improved living conditions
and better medical science have brought
simultaneous uptrend in the total
number of elder citizens and an in
crease in the proportion which they
bear to the population as a whole.
These are the people who are most
vulnerable to almost every type of
crime involving an attack on either
person or property. Thus, the number
of potential victims increases simul-
Evening star., 1953-09-02
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. Is there any way to restore heavy
parchment diplomas that have become
stiff and brittle through exposure to
dry air?-W. K.
A. The National Archives and Rec
ords Service recommends that they be
placed between damp white blotters or
in room of very high humidity until
they have absorbed enough moisture to
be soft and pliable. They should then
be placed between dry blotters, under
pressure so that they will not cookie
and shrink while drying. After "a hours,
these blotters should be replaced with
dry ones, and pressure reapplied until
the parchment is dry. Do not use heat
to accelerate drying, as this will cause
permanent Shrinkage.
@. What was the first life insurance
company in the United States?-U. j. j.
A. Founded in Philadelphia i'm 1859,
the first life insurance company was
called "A Corporation for the Relief of
Poor and Distressed Presbyterian Min
listers and of the Poor and Distressed
Widows and Children Of Presbyterian
Ministers. This company was char
tered by the proprietary government of
Pennsylvania and is today operating as
a legal reserve life insurance company
under the title Presbyterian Ministers
Fund"
Q. Are Seeing-eye guide dogs for the
blind allowed to stay with their owners
on passenger trains and planes?-C.
M. M.
A. Yes, this exception from the usual
rules is permitted.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
New Factors in Crime Rise DeveIopinq

taneouSly with an increase in the num-
ber of potential offenders.
A failure of law enforcement to accu-
rately appraise these ominous develop
mentS and take preventive action i'm
mediately will itself be tantamount to
a social crime. This can equally be
said Of the public upon which each
police agency must depend for the
funds to provide adequate personnel.
training and equipment, as well as
cooperative assistance in individual
cases.
In view of these new developments,
this is the appropriate time for an end
to loose talk of shifting larger part
of the responsibility for criminal detec-
ton out of the community in which the
crime occurs and into the State or
Federal Government Whether done
through preventive measures taken in
advance or apprehension and punish
ment after the act, crime can best be
controlled at its source. In the great
majority of cases. both the conditions
which breed crime and the physical
facilities used for the perpetration of
the act lie within the control of the
community in which the offense occurs.
Vigorous and sustained action by each
community against these conditions
and facilities will effectively dry up the
cesspools without which no type Of
organized criminal activity can flourish.
Responsibility for these measures may
be disregarded but there is no method
within the framework of self govern
ment by which it can be transferred.
Any maneuver to the contrary is purely
an open encouragement to every men,
Der of growing criminal army.
Evening star., 1953-09-02

host party. To a rather successful degree, this
was the procedure followed by the Communists
in gaining control or major influence in the
American Labor Party. While the threat is
relatively slight as far as the Democratic Party
is concerned, the Daily Worker has unin-
tentionally done service to American politics
by bringing it once more into the open.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Economics
Fannie Pritchard Ross.

G$OHOtuI(S.
c. H. Greenewalt, president of Du
Pont, is quoted that THE surest way
I know to start depression is to pre-
dict ourselves into one"
No depression or boom was ever
started through prediction. Have we
forgotten 1880 so soon, the year when
almost every one was certain the worst
was over and recovery "juSt around the
corner? When basic conditions so re-
quire, an upswing or a downswing,
continues on to its climax, regardless
of what is being predicted.
The conditions responsible for the
decline we have entered have been
building up for years. The economic
well-being of numerous, silent but, in
the aggregate, populous groups has been
ignored or trampled upon. They have
reacted to the constantly rising cycle
of wages and prices in the only way
they could, by restricting their buying.
Since these people, the white-collar,
professional, retired and semiretired
groups, constitute probably a third of
our population their departure from
the market, at some point, was bound
to have a serious effect. That point
has apparently been reached. Add to
their relative impoverishment the evi-
dences of distress in the farm situation
and there is reason enough for re-
adjustment or depression, predictions
or no predictions.
Had labor groups and business lead
erS exercised modicum of restraint in
recent years the situation might not
be so serious today. But apparently the
New Deal concept has controlled
throughout-that only organized labor
purchasing power was important. 1t
never occurred, either to labor or busi-
ness leaders, that to absorb the capacity
output of American industry the pur-
chasing power of all groups, not just
few politically important. would be re-
quired They either did not care or
could not grasp that every addition to
labor wages that could not be offset by
greater productivity, but was passed
on in higher prices, was a subtraction
from the buying power of all those
who needed or desired to buy the
product
For a long time the abuse of credit,
passing on to future earnings the cost
of today's products. obscured these
Embellishments. But there is an end
to everything, and. finally, credit is
being shown as no cure for fundamental
Embellishments.
The peoples needs are as great as
ever. If, by some magic stroke. the
$4,000 house could be returned to
$4,000 where it belongs. the $500 auto
mobile to $1,000, the $700 bedroom
suite to $500, the forgotten groups
would come fiocking back to the market
place in droves. But, unfortunately,
self interest calls for fighting defla-
ton every step of the way. by private
and public means. 1t is likely to be
long time before both business and
labor will see the imperative necessity
of giving more, and taking less. Such
realization before has cost unemploy-
ment, bankruptcy and general un-
pleasantness, and seems likely to on this
occasion.
VeritaS.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer to any
question Of fact by either writing The Evening
WASHINGTON 3. d. c.. and inciosinR 3 cents re.
turn postage or BY telephoninR ST a-7a6a.
Evening star., 1953-09-02

lived and still live there. And the fact
that people are poor or underprivileged
does not mean that they have no basic
rights to their homes.
The answer to the problems of the
Southwest is a very personal one, and
the Quaker youth groups have found
it. More of such activity by youth
and oldsters too-and all sections can
be attractive, whether of large homes,
small homes, downtown, uptown or
suburban. And it won't cost the tax
payers penny.
Fannie Pritchard Ross.
Evening star., 1953-09-02

Pef1-nG1neS may be used If letters cdrry
10riterS' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-11-20
Colored News
Post In Buckingham
Invites New Member

Claybborne Peaks Post 1874 of
American Legion in DlllWyn, is
conducting a drive for members.
according to AdOlph Mitchell.
commander
Negro veterans IN Cumberland
and Buckingham counties are IN
vlted especially to Join the post.
Anyone interested in Joining is
asked to contact the commander
by writing Box so Guinea Mills.
Other officers of the post are
George Douglas NOVELS. Of Brem0
Bluff, adjutant. Edmond A. Math-
eWs, of Farmville, finance officer:
Milton Baker. of Guinea Mills.
ser9ant-at-almS, Willie Stanley
Chamber, of Buckingham. vice
commanders Thomas Washington
of DlllWyn. publicity officer; and
Percy f. Nance. chairman OF the
executive committee.
The post meets every Thursday
after the third Sunday of each
month at 7,30 p m at the train
ING school IN DillWyn.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-11-20
First Baptist Church
Religious Institute
viii Train Leaders

A religious institute Will be held
Of the First Baptist Church.
Farmville, from Nov 80 THROUGH
Dec. q, beginning at 73O each
evening.
The institute. sponsored by the
Virginia State Baptist Allied
Bodies is designed to help the
churches improve worship services
and the effectiveness of the work
OF the organizations within the
churches.
Training will be given to church
officers. trustees, deacons. deacon
asses, clerks, senior and Junior
missionary organizations, church
choir, church ushers, and Sun
day school teachers.
Members Of all Baptist churches
throughout Prince Edward and
adjoining counties are especially
invited TO attend this institute.
pan now to attend each night.
The Farmville herald and farmer-leader. (Farmville, Va.) 1934-1957, 1953-11-20

Samuel CLARK Lynwood Crump,
Joe Fleming, Norman Ford. James
Gillian, ROBBERY Miller Arthur
Nash James Randolph. Walter
Scott Levi Redd. Jocepn Trent.
Garrison Wade, James Wade
Robert Wade and Stanley Seats.
Scholarship Committee
since one OF the purposes Of
MIA Is TO encourage improve
ment IN scholarship, the Cumber-
land MA Chapter has appointed
a Scholarship Committee for this
school year to encourage members
to make better grades in all sub
iectS This year the Committee
decided to do the following things
TO stimulate its members to do
better Work III their classes
lp Post names Of boys who
make honor roll each six weeks /:
t2,l Provide a free trip to the
MAMMA Camp in Chesterfield
County for the boy maintaining
G1e highest average IN school
work during the schoo, year.
Honor Roll Students
BOYS on the MIA Homer Roll the
first slx-Week period. Nathaniel
Con. Tolton Moses, Robert Wade