davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08
Formosu

DRoBABLY THE .worst-kept
L secret since the Inchon land
ing was the fact that Gen. Essen
hover would alter the 7th Fleets
commitments in the Strait of
FormoSa.
It was not just a matter of over
eager reporters being bit previous
about the release date on the Pres
ident'S prepared text. The press
did not receive its copies for adj
vance study until 4:45 pm. Sun
day. Yet the papers last Saturday
afternoon and Sunday morning
were full of predictions that the
Formosa embargo was about to be
eased. The only explanation
was that word had got around,
the way it does so often in Wash
ington.
So Gen. Eisenhewer's explana-
ton of the Formosa situation and
his announcement that the 7th
Fleet was being released "from
shielding Communist China" occa-
stoned little surprise either on the
floor of the House or in the jam
packed press gallery above and
behind the Speakers rostrurn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08
star stan Photo.

"ta) TO establish conditions of
internal peace;
"(b) To carry out emergency
measures for the relief of dis
tressed peoples;
"(c) To form interim govern
mental authorities broadly repre-
sentative of all democratic ele-
nents in the population and
pledged to the earliest possible
establishment through free cleo
tons of governments responsive to
the will of the people; and
I'D To facilitate where neces-
sary the holding of such elections
. AS to Poland, the Moscow -Spon-
sored Lublin government and the
United States British sponsored
Mikolajczyk government-in-ex exile
at London were to get together,
merge into provisional govern
rnent of national unity" to be "or-
ganized on broader democratic
basis with the inclusion of demo-
cratic leaders from Poland itself
and Poles abroad" This govern
ment, according to the agreement,
would hold "free and unfettered
elections as soon as possible on
the basis of universal suffrage and
secret ballot"
None of these clauses permitted
the enSlavement of peoples" Rath-
er, they were written to prevent
such enslavement. Russia, in
signing the Yalta agreement,
promised to respect the sovereign
ty of the nations of Central Eu-
rope. That she broke her word
almost Immediately after making
it does not alter the text of the
agreement.
Text vs.. Performances
There was q further clause,
which granted considerably less
than Russia demanded. It moved
the eastern border of Poland from
its pre- 1889 location to the general
area of the Curzon line, 100 miles
or so to the west. Russia wanted
more than the Curzon line, but
agreed to take less. In exchange,
Poland was to get German terri
tory to the west of the prewar
Polish border. Things did not
work out exactly that way, but
that was the plan at Yalta.
Yalta also as often is over
looked-waS really the birthplace
of the United Nations. It was
there that Stain, Churchill and
Roosevelt agreed to hold the San
Francisco Conference which
brought into being the interna-
tional organization envisioned at
Dumbarton Oaks.
It has been pointed out by many
persons that Yalta, far from being
a sellout by the West. was the
Vests greatest diplomatic tri-
umph in al its dealings with the
Soviet. It took considerable doing
to get Russia to agree to the high
sentiments expressed in the Yalta
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08
Review Of The Week Message Poses Many Questions

VXTORDS THE WORLD had
" been waiting for-Presi-
dent Eisenhower'S message on the
state of the Union-were uttered
last Monday before joint session
of Congress.
They were strong, vigorous
words; 1000 of them, designed to
chart the course the new admin
istration will follow in the irnme-
diate future. Obviously, they were
calculated to brighten morale at
home and renew hope abroad, as
well as to answer questions all the
world was asking.
And the speech did answer a
number of questions. But there
was a corollary difficulty: In an
swering some questions, it raised
others-and many of the new
questions were at least as battling
as the old ones which no longer
puzzled the Nation and the world.
The speech made one thing
clear, however. The people last
November demanded change,
and they were going to get it.
It was in the realm of the largely
psychological battle against COM
munism that President Eisenhower
made his most sweeping state
ments-and raised the most puz-
cling questions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08
YoIto?

IF THE PART about Formosa
! caused people to wonder what
the President was planning, the
part about "secret understandings
of the past" caused them to won
der what he was saying.
This portion of his address,
probably the most puzzling of all,
was phrased In this way:
II shall ask the Congress at d
later date to join in an appropriate
resolution making clear that this
Government recognizes no kind Of
commitment contained IN secret
understandings Of the past with
foreign governments which permit
this kind Of enslavement."
There was some question as to
the construction Of the sentence:
Did the President mean govern
ments which permit enslavement,
or secret understandings which
permit enslavement? The White
House cleared that up by saying
he meant understandings.
But the White House refused all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08

senhower'S announcement about
the day of liberation being near.
But before that day dawns, the
Nationalist leader would need:
. More trained divisions, schooled
in amphibiouS operations.
. A substantial bomber command,
suitable for softening up the China
coast.
. More and better fighter aircraft,
particularly jets.
. An adequate number Of land
ing craft, at least for assault
waves.
. Escort vessels in much greater
numbers and heavier types than
are available now.
. Improved and augmented ar
tillery of all types, including anti
aircraft.
. Adequate motor transport, in
Guiding combat vehicles such as
tanks.
. Al sound logistic system, cover
ing supply of food, clothing, equip
ment, ammunition, together with
adequate maintenance and resup-
ply.
. A war-industry in being to pro-
vide a smooth flow of materials
into the supply system.
. Reliable communications IA
cilitieS.
Whence the Aid?
The question arises: Has Chang
the potential for this impressive
array of necessary war strength?
AS to manpower, the answer is a
qualified yes. Given training IA
cilities, he probably could expand
the number of his divisions.
But what about the rest of it.
the machinery of war? These
sinews would have to come from
outside Formosa probably from
the United States. At least, the
other free-world nations fear they
would come from the United
States, thus cutting down on aid
the others would normally re-
ceive.
Gen. Eisenhower has not indi-
Gated that he is interested In
beefing up Formosa. In fact, he
has given no indication of his in
tentions beyond this:
IT am issuing instructions
that the It'll Fleet no longer be
employed to shield Communist
China"
The possibility that the Formosa
decision might mean added aid to.
the Nationalist was suggested by
Senator Wiley, the Wisconsin Re-
publican who heads the Foreign
Relations Committee. The new
Asian policy, he said, opened the.
way to Nationalist air strikes
against Red railroad lines in planes
provided by the United States.
In this past week of frenzied
second guessing, it has been sug-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08

gested that the Presidents main
aim was a psychological one; that
he sought to throw the Chinese
Reds off balance as to our inten-
tons.
It has been suggested, too, that
the President attempted in his
speech to provide millions Of Chi
nese in other Asian countries with
a homeland tie more cordial to
the West than Mao. The 10 mil
lion or so Chinese in Southeast
Asia, it is feared, could be a cat
astrophically disruptive fifth col
umn if they swung over to COM
munisn1.
That the decision is primarily a
psychological rather than a mill
tary one seems clear. In the first
place, the 7th Fleets Formosa pa
troll has not been doing any pros.
tecting Of Communist interests.
And in the second place, the 7th
Fleets force in that area does not
amount to much. Actually, the.
fleet itself is not on Formosa duty;
a subdivision, Task Force 70, has
been manning that station.
This task force, commanded by
a rear admiral, is far from an i'm
pressive array of naval might. The
only times in the last couple of
years that it has had any capital
ships attached have been on those.
occasions when a carrier or battle
ship, passing through those wa
tiers, was attached for temporary
duty. The average strength of.
TF-72 is understood to have been
perhaps three or four destroyers
and 20 to 40 patrol planes. It's
main duty of late has been to show
the flag, rather than the muscle,
of the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08

Presidents announcement. Here
is how it shaped up last week:
Chang has a partly trained
force on Formosa, estimated as
high as 100000, only a relative
few Of whom are considered COM
bat-effective. He also has an air
force, primarily defensive in char
acter, equipped mainly with the
obsolete American F-51, which was
hot plane in the last war but no
match for RuSsian-made Chinese
jetsA He has marines and para
troops, both apparently well
trained but relatively few in num-
Der. And he has minuscule navy
without carriers or ships of the
line.
In addition to his sway over For
mosa, Chang also controls the
Pescadores, a tiny island group
between Formosa and China, and
a number of islands practically
within shouting distance of the
mainland. These latter islands
are Ravens for Nationalist guerril-
las, who make small, sporadic raids
which result in haraSSment of,
rather than real damage to, the
Communists.
Force Against Chiong
Facing Chang across the 100
mile-wide Formosa Strait is the
anonymous bulk of the Chinese
people-between 400 million and
500 million of them. All are under
the yoke Of Mao Tse-tung,s Com
munist government, though how
solidly no one can be sure. There
are even parts of the Chinese
mainland where civil war of a
desultory sort persists.
But along the coast, in a "re-
Stricted zone," the Communists
seem to be solidly in control, with
an army at least as large and
(from all reports) at least as well
trained as Chiang's. What is
more, the Reds in that area I'M
doubleday are backed up by bet
ter supporting and logistic force
than the Nationalist can boast.
Most observers agree that it
would be utterly impossible for
Chang to mount an effective in
vasion of the mainland now. There
is speculation that he might get
great popular support as soon as
he lands, enabling him to strength
en- his forces. But there Is also
speculation that his Formosa-
trained troops would promptly go
over the hill, leaving him high and
dry on the beach. No one can be
certain how the ball would bounce
on the uneven court that is China.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08
Eyebrow-Roiser

What did cause some eyebrows
to. raise was the Presidents evalu-
alton of the FormoSan blockade:
That, up to now, the United States
Navy had been obliged to act as
defensive arm of Red China while
the Chinese forces were killing
Americans in Korea. The prevail
ing opinion has been that the fleet
was in the Formosa Strait more to
protect Chang Kai-shek's Formo-
san realm from the Red mainland
than vice versa AS a matter of
fact, 7th Fleet lookouts appear to
have stared Studiously to starboard
time and again as Nationalist hit
and-run raiders passed to port en-
route to cause trouble on the
China coast.
Nevertheless, many Americans
applauded the decision to alter the
blockade. Gen. Macarthur had
been especially virulent in his
criticism of President Truman's
1850 decision to Gordon OF the
Nationalist island from the Red
mainland. And he had convinced
many Americans of the unwisdom
of the former Presidents move.
Condemnation Abroad
Abroad, the reaction to Gen. Eli
senhower'S decision was one OF
almost universal condemnation.
Strong questions were asked in the
House of Commons. European
and many Asian newspapers blast
ed the decision. A paper in India
said he was hunting peace with
a gun" The Philippines govern
ment first criticized it, then took
another reading and decided it
was a good thing after all. Red
China, predictably, spouted venom.
The fear shared by nations of
the free world seemed based partly
on war developing from a Nation
aliSt attack on the Reds and partly
on war arising from Red attack
on the Nationalist. What would
the West do, they asked, if Chang
tried a landing on the mainland
and failed? And how would he
get there in the first place, save
with allied (meaning American)
help in the form of ship bottoms
and air cover? And who would
undertake to do what if the Reds
attempted to drive. Chang of
FormoSa and into the Pacific
Ocean? And would the United
States now divert military aid from
Europe to bolster up Chiang's
newly unprotected force and in
crease its offensive potential? And
finally, would this decision so in
flame the Chinese Reds that they
would reinforce the North Korean
forces for a powerful push in
Korea?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08

week long to clarity the statement
further. Which understandings
was the President talking about?
It was, of course, generally sup
posed that he was talking about
Yalta. But when a knowledgeable
State Department official was
asked about 1t, his answer was,
"Damf1no. /"
The reason for general accept
ance of Yalta as the particular
agreement Gen. Eisenhower was
discussing is plain to discern. The
secret meetings during World War
II among Presidents of the United
States, Prime Ministers of Britain
and the hardy perennial, Josef
Stain, have been red-hot political
potatoes ever since. Teheran, Pots
dam and Yalta have, in the mouths
of many politicians, become cuss-
words and Yalta has always been
the most obscene of all.
The general impression of Yalta
is that the United States con-
ferees, from President Roosevelt
on down to Alger Hiss, cynically
sold all of Central Europe down
the river to Russia in exchange
for Russia's very sketchy partici-
patton in World War II. All this.
was supposed to have been done
in the darkest secrecy, and the
american people were supposed to
have been left in the dark about
what happened at Yalta.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08
Strategic Situ0tion

All these foreign-born questions
were legitimate ones on the face
Of it. Actually. however. the sit
uation seems not to have changed
greatly, II at all, as q result Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08
chiong's Needs

Whether he could stage an effec-
tive invasion later is an equally
baffliog question. Chang has
spoken recently and more force
fully than ever since President Ell
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-02-08

pact, because Russia was in a po-
sition where she really did not
have to bargain about Central
Europe.
Evening star., 1953-03-25
LII. John 6. Wick
Among Il Missing
On Patrol Plane

Navy 1t. q. g.) John Glenn
Wick, %, long time Washington
resident and son of a noted avia-
tion pioneer. is among II officers
and enlisted men officially listed
as missing. following the disap-
pearance of a patrol plane Sum
day in the vicinity of San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
The Navy called of its search
for the plane today. the Asso-
ciated Press reported from San
Juan.
1t. Wick was listed by the
Navy as the husband of Mrs.
Ann Farrelly Wick, whom he
married in 1850. Friends here
said they have two children, Lisa,
2, and John, jr.. an infant. He
was stationed at the Naval Air
Station near Port Of Spain, Trim
idad. He is the son of Mrs. Pres
ton Birch, formerly of the 5000
block Of Reservoir road NV,
now Of Miami Springs, Fla.
Reared I'm Washington.
1t. Wick grew up in WASH
ington and attended st. Adams
School for Boys and the Ran
dies Navy Preparatory School.
He was appointed to the United
States Naval Academy by the
President after winning q COM
petitjve examination. While at
the Academy, he was a staff
artist for the Academy paper,
The Log. He was graduated in
1947 and most of his service
has been in Trinidad.
His father, Capt. Homer c.
Wick. was a retired Navy Of
f1cer when he died on June is,
1851, at the age of 81. He was
a pioneer naval aviator and
former commanding officer of
the Naval Air Station here from
1925 to 1928. During his career,
he was prominently identified
with virtually all major aero
nautical activities in the East
in which the Navy had a part.
1t. Wick also has a brother,
DR.. Homer c. Wick, jr., on the
faculty of Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y.
Others Missing.
The Navy said the others off,
cially listed as missing are:
1t. Emil Rakovich, Milwaukee,
Wis; 1t. Mark r. Armour, New
burgh, N. Y; Aviation Machin-
lists Mate Q/c) Wallace j. Liv-
ingston. Naval Station at Trini-
dad; Aviation Machinists Mate
(3fc) Daniel j., Eames, Okemos,
Mich, and Aviation Machinists
Mate (3/c) Robert L. Harring-
ton, Titusville, Pa.
Also Aviation Electronics Man
(2/c) Glen D. Mclaughlin, Dan.
forth. Me-; Aviation Electronics
Technician (3/c) Leonard J.,
Piersante, South Plainheld, N. j.:
Airman Howard E. Appelt.
Shumway, ILL.,: Aviation ord
nanceman Q/c) Clarence E..
Holder, Tullahoma, Tenn, and
Airman Charles r. West, Miami,
Fla.
Evening star., 1953-03-25
.GI Writes Parents
For Ammunition:
IS Killed in Korea
BY the Assoeioted Press

NORFOLK, Va, Mar. 25.-In
his last letter from Korea, Sergt.
1/c William Floyd Hutton, jr.,
wrote his parents, in part:
when you send me my socks.
I want you to smuggle me some
.38 special ammo. I know you
aren't supposed to do 1t. But
you can get it through. really
need it. Don't let me down. It
will get here because it is being
done every day."
Mr.. and Mrs. William F. Hut
ton of nearby Princess Anne,
didn't send any ammunition.
His mother said, however, that
she'd been worried because may
be she. had let her son down.
The Huttons were notified
yesterday by the Defense De-
partment that their son. 20,
was killed in action in the Little
Gibraltar Battle March II.
Evening star., 1953-03-25
Old Implements Found

Implements thought to have
been used by the Paleolithic man
OF $4,000 years ago have been
found recently on lonely Pitcairn
Island In the South Pacific,
Evening star., 1953-03-25
by Palm Beach
Gghter-way-Of-living 45''

Not only Mr. Hope but thousands Of customers ot Spring.
that promotes your comfort and your appearance Its
lightweight construction gives you living and working freedom
The patented color hugs neck and permits oroceu coat
nes And for tovene the Springweove deo because wrinkles
hang overnight See the wide selection Of Spneweove
poens and See why the Spneweove blend o properly
Evening star., 1953-03-25


e.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-09-04

evaluas wealth in terms of dollars
forgetting worthwhile things life cannot
with mighty nice to have all the money you
discontinued people forget to count
their blessings the happiness that is theirs for the taking
house place to lve family someone to
friends good hahthese the
things happiness they cannot be bought Edgar
described the difference between home
just when he said ut takes heap living to
a house a home"
all bit too materiasc spending most
possible of this worlds
goods leaving little enjoy those things which make
worthwhile There nothing possessing material
able have moe-but there should be
drown out those nangbe which
make life worth living.
philosophy just be creeping but
along with the accommodating
had time at this
that of constantly at the grndone Then
the incidents and activities which glad took
though seemed exavagant and bit
foolish time After ALL when folks reach the twilight stage of
life the family raised activity ssened about all that
left the accumulation of the ntangbs of life
remind
that golden opportunities missed the road The single
acquiring things does blind until
things which make the later
in life rich and happy-Dawson Sentinel
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-09-04
Count Your Blessings

Excerpt from Freedoms Plow."
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-09-04

Any time you want to stir up good argument sureire sub
ect is Are Americans going into debt In order
the competition amateurs
national debt merely to the extent to which most and family
next door have mortgaged the check before arrives
According to Department of
money Americans individuals
dollars in 1s45 to about "a billion this
takes starting household appliances
available people buy naments Today
family $500 these items besides 500
charge accounts And the rate of for
creasng,
Meantime onem mortgage debt American homes
$i26 Although total debt than three
medaey after stascian
much proportion to their incomes than they did
late 1906 With the product reaching high
the first of 1858 presumably higher debt carried
But the departments quarterly report people
making they apparently
spending than in the 1852 Much
adding
Bank noting Increase the proportion time
vised cauousncss
As the investment houses put II to make good;
a good time to establish liquid position"
Christian Monitor.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-09-04

A. who believed that
members Of his class best fitted and ordained to govern
patenallsm which
the decided best the Of people
that decision enacted legislation
belong that
upper specific demands
problems Thus he entirely willing to leave the fate OF southern
those southern
elected the office he convinced that hes
would northern best
people, would do what best for the northern worme
decided the Taft-artey
time he decided that public best for su deers and
had nothing members his class who
shrieked that public housing creeping socialism
a believed in
the dusted the people
out of his intectuaism he that he knew
far better than they what best for the American people
Within philosophy
the praise being heped him by maudn editorial writers
But the other of the he utterly failed understand
understanding yeaning
American Negroes first citizenship He blind the
fermen that has Africa the
world the of those strive reach toward
freedom and independence He labor
equality working
share the control of the social political economic instruments
of society.
Senator Taft did that
mand for equality the central problem world He did
that hopes stable and world equataan
solutions racial problems
place philosophy blinded him the Negroes
civil rights, or labor's quest for justice.
long greatness a
who neither understood mpahzed with the central
his time Such nothing
problem Senator Robert A. Taft will
while the world looked opposite
fornia QLos Angeles) EAGLE
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-09-04
Every One Helps Us

The of Pennsylvania
bench Philadelphia The
preceded him by a month or
The Republicans have nominated Negro president
borough of Manhattan Negro Atlanta
Education Every brings similar the
nominations election Negroes city county offices
We moving toward indignation of Negroes into
The isn't fast enough the appointments
the South where the vast majority
comngs don't detrac from the obvious truth dg
ward the practice of the democracy that
Every of these Negro office holders job
and most of them dohes break down the old outorn lie that
aren't qualified to participate government
countrys-CaIfornia (Los Angeies) EAGLE