davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-09-11

tionally as a conservative
party. He Knows also that.
when it goes down to defeat.
as it did last year and the
time before in the 1920s, the
conservative element seeks to
take control and raises the
specious cry that the party
must now become conservative
to win, which we are beginning
to hear again from the South
ern wing.
Mr.. Truman knows that
such, truly, is the prescription
if the party wants to be con-
fined chiefly below the Mason
and Dixon line, to be a Sec
tional party, as it was during
the Republican rule of the
1920s-sectional. conservative
and out of Office. When the
depression swept the party
back into power, then it was
broadened into a national
party and so successfully that
it could have won every one
of franklin D. Roosevelt's
victories without a single
Southern State, all of which
it carried. The electoral votes
Of the entire South could have
been Subtracted d without
changing the result.
Harry Truman will compli-
cate his party's situation very
likely. He will make some
folks in the party uncomfort-
able. There will be no calm,
no harmony. But there never
was any of either of those in
the years of its triumphant
ascen dancy. He can be
counted upon to raise his hand
against conservative candi-
dates who stick up their
heads, for he knows that the
nomination Of such is a Sellout
in advance. If the country is
Observation-Disclosures, as it
may well continue to be, it
will go for a Republican, so
that it can be sure, and never
for a Democrat.
Mr.. Truman will have a
large audience whenever he
chooses to speak out. It is
fun to have him back on the
firing line again.
Evening star., 1953-09-11

French affairs, Americans
among them, who claim that
the basic trouble with United
States foreign policy is that we
have had our revolution but
we never let any other country
complete theirs. Americans
charged with military respon-
sibilities here are, like Queen
Victoria, not amused by this
type Of speculation.
Generally speaking, the mil
itary appear pessimistic but
far from ready to write off
France, NATO or any other
phase of the collective-security
problem. They are hanging on
and hoping.
Amid the abundant evidence
of the French governments in
stability they point to the war
in Indo-China which it is
maintaining at heavy cost and
to the fact that NATO got its
bases as requested. On at least
one occasion, however, the
government condemned the
land all right but left it to the
incoming Americans to explain
it to the peasants who met
them with pitchforks. That
was a real problem in "com-
munity relations" at which the
military works hard.
No puny baby was ever
watched more anxiously by his
mother than France is being
watched by her allies.
One ray of sunshine broke
Evening star., 1953-09-11

held some surprises.
The Chancellor and his party
achieved last Sunday the most
unified leadership that Ger
many has ever had within a
constitutional parliamentary
state, whether in Bismarck's
first Reich or during the second
Reich OF the Weimar Republic.
With an absolute majority,
though of only one vote,
Adenauer is stronger in Parlia-
ment than was Bismarck in
his day. He received more
votes than Hitler did in the
last free election before he
ended free elections.
The curse of parliamentary
democracy in the larger con-
tinental European states has
been political fractionalism.
resulting in unstable coalitions
and making effective govern
ment and consistent policy
impossible.
In Sundays election, many
splinter parties simply disap-
peared. Neither the Neo-Nazis
(the bugaboo of the British
nor the Communists gained a
single seat. The smaller par
ties within the Chancellor's
coalition lost in relation to the
leading party of the govern
ment bloc, and the Chancellor
can find. if he likes, other sup
port-in the new Refugee
Party, the "All German bloc"
He is therefore completely in
command of the situation, the
only real opposition coming
from the Social Democrats.
who in Germany as elsewhere
have proven themselves sin
gularly inept. Though they
gained l million votes over the
last elections, the Chancellor's
party picked up million. The
3 million new voters, whom
analysts considered an un-
known quantity. obviously
Joined the trend of the rest Of
the electorate.
No government can be
stronger abroad than it is at
home. Chancellor Adenauer
is stronger at home than any
prime minister in Europe. He
therefore emerges as the pre-
mier personality in Europe,
outside the West German from q
tiers.
His power contains elements
Of danger. Will he overreach
himself? German leaders often
have. But Bismarck, though
vehement nationalist, did
not.
Adenauer does not look more
like Buddha than a German
for no reason. He has i'm
mense tenacity. But this con-
vinced Westernei also pos
sesses a kind of Oriental pa
tience-the greatest lack, per-
haps, Of the Western mind
He will need both tenacity
and patience for the task he
has assigned himself. Won
der whether we fully compre-
hend its magnitude.
Released by The Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1953-09-11
David Lawrence

The end Of a political fiasco
that's about the best way to
describe the recent deadlock
at the White House on labor
law changes that has just re-
suited in the resignation of
Martin Durkin as Secretary
of Labor in the Eisenhower
cabinet.
For the idea of putting in
the cabinet partisan of union
labor has proved a flop. Here
was an executive head of a
big labor union who, when he
entered the cabinet, was
merely on "leave of absence"
from his union presidency and
did not, therefore, completely
sever all previous connections
in the same way that other
cabinet officers did when they
found it necessary to sell all
their stock and resign all di-
rectorShipS in corporations
with which they had been
identified. Here was a labor
union official who continued
to be the mouthpiece of his
former associates and lifetime
friends in organized labor.
Here was a man who felt it
was his duty to represent the
interests of labor unions and
not the interests of either
management or the public.
The natural sequel. after only
about eight months of service.
was a resignation.
What happened behind the
scenes to bring the matter to
a head probably will never be
disclosed in it's entirety. But
the union-labor chieftainS in
the AFL and CIO kept press
ing Secretary Durkin to OBJ
, tain from the President an
agreement on certain amend
.mentS to the Taft-Hartley
labor-management law.
- Steadily the pressure was
exerted throughout the last
several months. Members of
the House and Senate Com
mittees on Labor had been
: trying to draft amendments to
the present law, but these
Evening star., 1953-09-11
BridQes Offers A-Bon0b Plan
Lists FNe-Point Plan to Prepare for Atomic Attack
But Hopes Nations Will Realize FutiIty of War

have been built 10 to 20 miles
from congested business CEN
ters. We must continue this
program on a planned basis
so that it will be impossible
for any enemy to destroy our
productive potential by a
sneak attack.
Second-We must perfect
our radar defense network by
the establishment of stations
both within the continental
limits of the United States and
on far-hung vantage points.
Third-We must provide the
best possible anti-aircraft de-
fenses as we'll as superior
fighter planes for interception
and destruction of hostile
bombers.
Fourth--We must educate
our people on the probable
effect of atomic attack and
organize a civil defense pro-
gram which will keep losses
to a minimum. In my opinion,
there is much information con-
corning the blast effect, heat
effect and radiation effect of
atomic weapons which could
be released to the public as
a civilian defense measure.
Fifth - We must increase
our ability to retaliate against
any atomic aggression. Po-
tential aggreSsors must know
beyond doubt that an attack
on the United States will be
met with inevitable, immediate
and fearful reprisal.
AS far as we know we have
several years head start on
the Communists. We must use :
those years in calm prepara-
ton for any eventuality. It is
necessary that we utilize our
resources wisely and not reck-
leSsly dissipate them, since
economic insolvency will de-
stroy us more certainly than
the hydrogen bomb.
In the past, great nations
have declined and have been
vanquiShed because their polit-
ical and military leaders were
busily preparing to fight the
last war"
We are fortunate in America
to have as our President in
this crucial juncture of world
history a thoroughly trained
military man with imagina-
ton, with courage and with
foresight.
I am confident that Presi-
dent Eisenhower will use every
effort to prevent atomic war;
fare. Ultimately, however. the
choice of peace or war rests in
the Kremlin, not the White
House. If, despite our efforts
toward peace, the Communists
choose to commit aggression,
the United States must be pre-
pared to win the struggle for
survival.
Evening star., 1953-09-11

into the darkness Of general
strikes, Communist insults and
governmental instability. It
was a poll by the magazine
Realite which showed that if
the French had to choose be-
tween Russians and Americans
in their homes, they would
take Americans.
This has suggested to some
strategists here that much
more emphasis be put upon
the Russians as they actually
behave at present and less
upon their system. 1t seems
clear that the system does not
scare substantial numbers of
either the French or Italians.
The French indicated in the
Realite poll, however, that
they understand very we'll what
it would be like to have a
Russian invader in their homes,
so recently quit of his German
counterpart.
What is much less encourag-
ing is a strong show of what.
in the security vernacular.
is called "neutralism. This
might be defined as a policy of
The hell with it" or, with more
refinement, "a plague on both
your houses" 1t exists-and
is almost harder to combat
than communism in a country
so cruelty punished by recent
war.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1953-09-11

weapons by the United States
and the SovietS will demon
strate the utter futility Of war.
It would seem that in the
event Of atomic war there can
no longer be q "victor" in the
usual sense of the word. We
can only hope that the Soviet
Union will recognize this fact
and will sincerely participate
in negotiations for disarma-
ment and realistic control of
nuclear weapons. In the alb
sence of demonstrated good
faith, now lacking on the part
of the Communists, it will be
suicidal folly for the United
States to delay our prepared
ness effort.
Frequently in history man
has devised more efficient ways
of killing his fellow man, and
has revolutionized the science
of warfare. The invention of
gunpowder and the develop
ment of firearms antiquated
the bow and arrow and made
castles obsolete. The develop
ment of the tank and the
armored vehicle increased the
mobility and striking effect of
troops and reduced the role of
the foot soldier. The adapta-
ton of aircraft to warfare
made the defense of fixed po-
sitions an impossinility and
placed the civilian on the front
battle line.
Amidst all the speculations
as to the implications of the
Communist possession Of the
hydrogen bomb, there seems
to be one valid conclusion
which the people of the United
States cannot ignore:
Namely, that If atomic war
fare comes - and we all
earnestly pray that it never
Wilt will be a new kind of
warfare.
In atomic warfare superb
ority will be based upon the
possession of atomic weapons
and the ability to deliver
those weapons over the targets
of the enemy. Defensive meas
ures will depend upon dis
persal of critical industries and
upon interception and destruc-
tion of atomic-weapon-carry-
ing enemy aircraft. Civilian
losses can be minimized by
preparedness and training in
civilian defense.
While our diplomats en-
deavor to secure ironclad guar
antees aimed at the prevention
of atomic warfare, we have a
job to do in the United States.
First-We must decrease the
vulnerability of our defense
establishments by dispersal. It
has been reported that four
out OF five new defense plants
built in the past two years
Evening star., 1953-09-11
Drought Keeps Corn
From Surplus Glass;;
Crop Down 3 Pct.
BY the Associoted Press

Hot. dry weather during Au-
gust kept the vital corn crop
from moving into a surplus sup
ply class along with wheat, cot
ton, tobacco and peanuts. requir-
ing rigid Federal controls to cut
back production next year.
An Agriculture Department
crop report yesterday trimmed
ia million bushels, or about 3la
per cent, off the agency's pre-
vious forecast for corn, the ma
jor grain used in the production
of meat animals, milk and coul-
try.
This reduction, putting corn
at 3.216,00O,OO0 bushels, kept
supplies of the grain below
level which, under farm law,
would have required Secretary of
Agriculture Benson to invoke
Evening star., 1953-09-11
Thomas [. Stokes

The return of Harry Tru-
man to the public forum on
Labor Day, and the manner
of his return in the familiar
hard hitting, gloveS-off char
acter, suggest that he will oc-
cupy in his party and in ma
.tional politics such a role as
none has played in either party
for over a quarter of a CEN
tury.
Not for him the above-the-
battle, elder statesman posture
that our only other living ex-
President, Herbert Hoover, has
. assumed in the Republican
Party and in national affairs.
Mr.. Truman is not cut in that
character. He will remain him
.self.
For the part he will play in
: his party, in our politics and
our national life we must go
back for parallels of a sort to
William Jennings Bryan in the
Democratic Party and Theo-
dore Roosevelt in the Repub-
lican Party. Both were fam
ing, irrepresSible. vocal spirits
identified with the progressive
wing of their respective parties
and carried on a constant run
ming battle with the standpat.
conservative elements.
This is not to intimate that
Mr.. Truman is going to be
a perennial and professional
candidate, as Mr. Bryan was
to the nth degree and T. r. to
some degree. He has no such
notion. He is already too well
along in years for that. older
atnow, in fact. than either of the
other two ever got to be. They
were in politics much earlier
, than he and got to the top,
one as candidate for President.
the other to the White House
by succession from the vice
presidency, at ages when Harry
Truman had not even a
thought of ever being on the
national ticket, much less get
ting into the White House.
William Jennings Bryan was
only 48 when in 1908 he ran,
and was defeated, for the third
time as Democratic candidate
Evening star., 1953-09-11
Dorothy Thompson
Dorothy Thompson
West Gernnonys Strong Leader
Adenouers Overwhelming Victory Seen RefIectnq
Fine German Recovery and Able Leadership

Writing from Germany q
month ago, this columnist
forecast a sweeping victory
for the West German coali-
ton under Chancellor Ade-
nauer, reporting this to be the
prediction even Of the Chan
cellor'S opponents.
Evening star., 1953-09-11
By Senotor Styles Bridges

The confirmation by Chair
man Lewis Strauss of the
United States Atomic Energy
Commission, that Russia had
conducted an atomic test in
volving both flssion (uranium)
and thermonuclear (hydrogen)
reaction. calls for a reappraisal
of our national defense policy.
There is much speculation
as to whether the Russian test
indicates that the Communists
have mastered the intricacies
of a complete hydrogen bomb"
or whether they have recently
acquired sufficient "know-how"
to cause the reaction.
Most Of our public analysts
assume that the Soviet test
proves that the Russians are
now at a point in hydrogen
experimentation which was
achieved by the United States
at the time of the Eniwetok
test in 1851. BY this calcula-
ton, therefore. we are still
several years ahead, Of the
Communists in our hydrogen
development and stockpile pro-
gram.
1t is encouraging to read the
report Of the Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy that we are
progressing as rapidly as pos
sible. Representative Cole, Re-
publican, Of New York, chair
man Of the Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy, has stated
that the United States is in
a "pre-eminent position" in
both atomic and hydrogen de-
velopment. 1t is equally i'm
portant. however. that we heed
the advice Of Chairman Strauss
of the Atomic Energy Com
mission, who declared: "It is
a fallacy to assume that q
stockpile Of atomic weapons in
our hands is any longer a de-
terrent to aggressive action"
There comes a time in weap-
on development when numeri-
cal superiority loses its impor-
tance once both conflicting
countries have q sufficient
quantity Of any particular
weapon to engage in conflict.
This is especially true of atomic
and hydrogen weapons with
their tremendously increased
destructive effect.
It is to be hoped that the
possession Of these fearful
Evening star., 1953-09-11

Constantine BrotDn is on
p1cGtion. His guest columniSt
today is Senator Styles Bridges
OF Net0 Hampshire, president
pro te1pore of the Senate and
chairman OF the Appropria-
tions Committee, tnho urges
changes in our atomic warfare
poLicfeS.I
Jackson advocate., 1953-10-17
coca-coIa Serves
so Organizations
In First Nine
Months OF 1853

Washington, ID. C.-Members of
the sales and public relations force
of The Coca-Cola Company and it's
local Bottlers extended courtesies
to fifty leading Negro organiza-
tions during the first nine months
of 1858, according to a statement
released by company representa-
tive.
According to this statement, the
Washington, d. c., public relations
firm, headed by Moss H. Hendrix,
initiated the Coca-Cola courtesies
to national and regional conven-
tions meeting in cities and towns
located in all sections of the ma
| ton.
These courtesies consisted of the
distribution of free Coca-Cola. and
the donation of trophies and prizes.
The Coca-Cola people on a number
of occasions ran guessing games
at these conventions offering
radios, picnic coolers and other
useful items as prizes.
Trophies were given to the
Shriners' Beauty Pageant and Tai
ent Contest, Denver, the United
Golfers Associations annual tour
nament, Kansas City and the popu-
larity contest of The National AS
sociation of Negro Business and
Professional Women's Clubs, At
lantic City.
Among organizations receiving
free distributions of Coca Cola and
prizes were the American Teachers
Association, Orangeburg, S. c., Ma
tional Association of Personnel
Deans and Supervisors, Petersburg,
Va, National Association of Jeans
Supervisors, New Orleans, La. and
National Institute of Science, Pine
Bluff, Arkansas.
Others included National County
Agents Association, Jackson, Miss,
National Dental Association, Phia-
delphia, Pa, National Medical AS
sociation, Nashville, Tenn, Nation
al Beauty Culturists League, and
National Negro Funeral Directors
Association. Los Angeles, Calf.
National Newspaper Publishers AS
sociation and National Bar Asso-
citation, New Orleans.
A number of fraternal organiza-
tions including the Elks-IBPOE of
w., Atlanta, and several Greek Let
ter organizations were served by
the Coca-Cola people in it's pro-
gram to assist national and re-
gional conventions by offering the
pause that refreshes."
Jackson advocate., 1953-10-17

at least three-fourths of the Negro
teachers in the State of Mississippi,
where the college is located, have
been enrolled at some time in this
76-year-old institution.
During the summer Jackson Col
lege conducts workshop on The
ory in Action. This short course
for student and professional teach
ers is designed to enrich their lives
by giving them experiences, in
sights and professional compe-
tence which can, in turn, enrich
the lives of their students.
Teachers attending the work
shop discuss their common prob
lens and interests, then plan and
carry out group activities. In one
project they studied how to use
the radio more effectively in their
teaching. They listened to and
discussed many educational pro-
grams such as Best Plays" Meet
the Press" and "Calvacade of
Books" and invited local radio
program directors to outline other
educational and cultural programs
suitable for schoolroom discussion.
Members of the workshop helped
make a recording used in a radio
broadcast. Through these activi-
ties they laid the groundwork for
a future radio-televsion workshop.
The group also arranged a series
of guided tours to study social,
political and economic problems.
They visited industrial plants in
Jackson and made a days field
trip to the nearby city of New
Orleans, where local leaders showed
them through the international
trading center, municipal hos
pital, housing projects, radio sta
tions, and the old French section
of the city.
Experience with arts and crafts
played an important part in the
workshop. Visiting college teach
ers of art, music, folk dancing and
speech met with the classes to
give instruction and guidance.
Members of the workshop organ
lied what they called Each one
teach one" groups in which teach
ers proficient in various crafts
Jackson advocate., 1953-10-17

gave personal help to beginners.
Special motion picture programs
were presented, both for their en-
tertainment value and as teaching
aids in studying the social, emo
tional and mental development of
children and adults.
Jackson College, established in
1877 by the American Baptist
Home Mission Society to train
young Negro men and women for
leadership, is now a state-sup-
ported institution. 1t has an en-
rollment of approximately 1000
students in its regular sessions, and
$500 in its summer session. Sc
lected by the American Council on
Education in 1943 for study as one
OF the II most progressive teach
Jackson advocate., 1953-10-17
Tobias Says.
Continued from Pare One

NSohoiIuCu IIOil1 rage ODpD
ruling or executive order, or legis-
lation. We have a continuing edu-
catlonal job to do to make non
segregation working reality.
Especially, we must work to ex-
pand the Negro vote and make it
an effective voice in local and state
contests as well as in national cleo
tions."
DR.. Tobias asked for "whole-
hearted response not only on the
part of our NAACP members and
branches but also on the part
OF other individuals and organi-
cations such as churches, fraternal
orders, labor unions, business and
professional associations, because
success of our campaign will con-
tribute Importantly to their own
organizational objectives."
Iechniques of fund raising were
outlined to the committee by Har-
old L. Dram, New York consul
tant specializing in fund raising
for non-profit organizations. In the
final analysis, Mr.. Dram said,
nothing takes the place of the
personal appeal based upon an
important current issue.
The committee, set up by the
st. Louis convention and compos-
ed OF the chairmen of the seven
NAACP regions, representatives
of youth section, board and staff
members, met all day on October
to outline program, to prepare
a plan of action, and to devise
methods of raising the vital funds
to carry out the program.
Attending the session were reg
ional chairmen Joseph Kennedy
San Francisco; DR.. U. S. Virgins
Camden, n. j.; James A. Crumlin
Louisville; William Cratic, Min
neapolls; Dr.. P. A. Stevens, Chat
tanooga, Tenn; and James Stew
art, Oklahoma City. Youth repre-
sentatlves included Benson Jenn-
ings, Chicago; Miss Ina Henriques,
New York City; and All Hender-
son, Piqua, Ohio. In addition to
Dr.. Tobias, the board of directors
was represented by Arthur B
Spingarn, NAACP president, Dr..
Algernon Black, and DR.. Robert c..
Weaver.
Staff members participating in
the conference included Walter
White, executive secretary; Rov
Wilkins, administrators; Thurgood
Marshall, special counsel; Clarence
Mitchell, Washington bureau;
Gloster B. Current, director OF
branches; Miss Lucille Black.
membership secretary; Herbert
Wright, youth secretary; Rev. Wal
ter P. Offutt, Jr., church secre-
tary; Herbert Hill, labor relations
assistant; Miss Bobbie Branche,
office manager; Julia Baxter, Di-
vision of Research and Informa
ton; and Henry Lee Moon, direc-
tor, public relations.
A subcommittee was designated
to draft and execute final plans
for the intensification of the Fight
ing Fund campaign.