davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-04-20
By the Associated Press


FREEDOM VILLAGE, Korea
April 2O.-The following mer
were received in an exchange Of
sick and wounded prisoners with
the Communists at Panmunjom
today:
United States.
Pvt. Carl w. Kirchenhauser
Washington Heights, N. Y.-the
first American across the line
He was from Co. E. 7th Regi-
ment, Sd Division. (The Defense
Department identified him as
Carl KirchhausenD
M/Sergt. John T. Porter. Le-
comte. La, Co. c, oath Regiment,
25th Division. Listed in avail
able United States lists as also
from BordentoWn, N. j., and
Baltimore, Md
Pfc. Robert C. Stell, Baltimore
Md, 503d Field Artillery.
Corpl Vernon L. Warren, st
Louis. Mo-. Co. C, Oath Regiment
I'd Division. & .'..s." --
Pvt. Antonio Matos-Rodriguez
Santurce, Puerto Rico. Co: E
23d Regiment, I'd Division.
Corpl. Richard o. Morrison
Burlington, Iowa, Hqtrs. Co.. 2d
Engineer Battalion, I'd Division
Pvt. Robert F. Philpot, Ho-
gansville, Ca; I'd Battalion, &c
Division.
Pfc. Almond L. Nolan, Rex.
vile. N. Y: Company M, 38tf
Regiment, I'd Division.
Corpl. Theodore Jackson
Palestine, Tex; Battery A, 503e
Field Artillery Battalion, I'd Di.
vision.
Pfc. David w. Ludlum, Fort
Wayne, Ind; Company B, 38tl
Infantry Regiment, I'd Division
Pfc. Raymond H. Medina
Bronx, N. Y; Company A, 65tl
Regiment, Sd Division.
Corpl. Kenyon L. Wagner, De
troit, Mich: Medical Company
38th Regiment, I'd Division.
Pfc. Donald L. Legay, Leomin'
lister, Mass; Company C, 9th In
fantry Regiment, oath Division
Corpl. James. Lee Pinkston
Salisbury, N. c.; Company E
9th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cav
airy Division.
"-,~+ ,~+ 1t. Roy M. Jones, Mime
apolis, Mimi; Company B, 8tf
Cavalry Regiment. 1st Cavalry
Division.
M/Sergt. Robert w. Shaw,
Vancouver, Wash; Battery B
82d AAA AW Battalion, I'd Divi'
sion.
Pvt. Louis A. Humphrey, Tus'
caloosa, Ala; Company H, It'll
Regiment, 1st Marine Division.
Pvt. William R. Brock, Rome
Ca; Company B, 7th Cavalry
Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division
M/Sergt. Walter McCollum
Lakes Charles, La: Company c
oath Regiment, 25th Division.
Pfc. John L. Robinson, Will
lard, KY; Company L, 23d Regi.
ment. I'd Division.
Pvt. Jesse Robertson, Mont
gomery, Ala; Company c, 9th
Regiment, 25th Division.
Pfc. Marvin L. Brown, Okla.
homa City. Okla; Company L
Seventh Regiment. Sd Division
Pvt. Alberto Baez Pizarro, RiC
Pierre. Puerto Rico; Company H
7th Regiment, 1St Marine Divi.
sion.
Pfc. Norman Smith, Mousie
KY; Company E. 21st Infantry
Regiment. Oath Division.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Body Of StroneIed POW
Brought to Koje Cote
BY the Associoted Press

PUSAN, Korea, April 20.-The
body of a strangled North Ko-
rean prisoner of war was de-
livered to the gate of a Koje
Island compound last Thursday,
the U. N. prisoner of war COM
mand said yesterday.
The announcement said a fell
low prisoner admitted the slay-
ing. ...,
The POW command said an
other Korean prisoner on Koje
committed suicide the same day.
The body was found hanging
from the rafterS of a washroom.
Evening star., 1953-04-20
BY the As,oeiotsd Prsss

PANMUNJOM, April 2O.-
Several letters 1Dritten By
American soldiers being repa-
tridted from Communist hands
Were deliUered to United States
1tewSmen here today By Alan
Wilmington, Communist corre-
Spondent of the London Daily
Worker. The tert of fairly
typical one, from Corpl. Ken
yon L. Wagner OF Detroit.
Mich, tollo1OS:
I have been a patient in Chi
nese hospitals for we'll over 9
year and during the period ]
have received more than the re-
quired attention and interest or
Evening star., 1953-04-20
Women Police for Rio

RIO DE JANIERO (P.-Some
Of the policemen in Rio de
Janiero soon may be women. The
city police commission is study
ing a plan to create a corps Of
women police officers. The po-
licewomen would be given a spe-
cial course in police school.
Evening star., 1953-01-11
Now It's Official

The first official action Of the
83d Congress was as dull as it was
superfluous. Senators joined Rep
reSentativeS in the House chamber
to witness the official count of the
electoral college votes for President.
While clerks droned out the
count, the Congressman talked,
read and day dreamed. Many left
the chamber. Representative Hoff-
man, Republican, of Michigan
wise cracked that none of the
electors seemed to have voted for
him so he might as well go back
to his Office and work. Gallery
spectators wandered in and out.
The chore took more than an
hour and a half. When it was
over, Congress and the world knew
exactly what they had known since
early on the morning of Novem-
ber 5-Gen. Eisenhower had 442
electoral votes for President and
Gov: Stevenson had 80. Senator
Nixon had 442 electoral votes for
Vice President and Senator Spark
man had 80. The joint session
was dissolvede
Several bills to abolish the elec-
toral college and provide for more
direct selection Of Presidents were
introduced. They had little chance
Of passage.
Evening star., 1953-01-11

budget is deficit financing-which
means borrowing. Most econo-
mists view this. as a dangerous
procedure to continue in an in
fiationary period like the present.
There will be terrific pressure
on Congress to lower taxes. The
excess-proflts tax, which has been
hitting corporations heavily, and
increased personal income levies
which every one has felt, are due
to lapse in 1858. Many voters will
be disappointed if they do not.
With the delivery of his budget
book to Congress and preparation
OF his economic message, Mr.. Tru-
man was able at last to clear of
his White House desk this week
end, r'ar back, and contemplate
the private life he will begin a
week from next Wednesday morn
ing.
Evening star., 1953-01-11
Europe

TN THE 1883 YEARS since Con-
Il stantine christianized the West,
civilized Europe has been beset by
invaders for at least as long q
period as it has been either un-
molested or on the offensive.
First there were the Huns and
Vandals, bringing ruin on the tot
tering empire of Rome. Then came
the Arabs, who held Spain for
eight centuries and for q time
threatened France. There was,
too, the Golden Horde of Genghiz
Khan, riding tirelessly over the
Polish marches. And later still the
Ottoman Turks were the villains of
the piece for 800 years.
Yet despite those centuries Of
seige and bloodshed, it was not
until recent months that Europe
made serious effort at the only
logical defense: Voluntary fedora
ton for mutual protection.
The difficulties in attaining even
limited federation are immense.
Many Europeans sincerely doubt
such sacrifice of sovereignty is
possible. Last weeks developments
in Europe tended to vindicate the
prophets Of gloom. That, however,
was only one weeks work.
Evening star., 1953-01-11
Budget
MOT so ENTHUSIASTICALLY

MOT so ENTHUSIASTICALLY
IN received, however, was Part II
Of Mr.. Truman'S valedictory, the
budget message. This was not
surprising, what with a Republi-
can majority in both houses of
Congress, supplemented by a SUBJ
stantial minority of conservative
Democrats. And anyway, budgets
by their very frightening bulk are
not calculated to entertain.
"The Budget of the United
States Government for the Fiscal
Year Ending June 80, 1854" was q
big one, but far from q record
breaker. Lest its financial size
$7B.6 billion swamp the tmagina-
tion, q few other facts about it can
give hints as to the magnitude Of
the package Mr.. Truman sent up
to the HiIl on Friday.
In length, breadth and thick
ness. the Budget is almost pre-
cisely as big as the Metropolitan
washington alphabetical tele-
phone directory. It has 20 fewer
pages (1,223 against 1,252) but the
pages are heavier and more dura-
BILE. The book weighs 4 pounds
11h unces--almost pound and
half more than the phone book.
It's retail price, calculated on the
cost Of production, is $3.50.
The comparison with the phone
book II not 20 inept. Inside the
Evening star., 1953-01-11

TN A TWO-PART valedictory last
i week, President Truman effec-
lively closed the books on his
7-year, 9-month administration
and-by extension-on the 49,
year, 10-month Democratic New
Deal.
There is always difficulty for
even the most polished performer
in making graceful exit. But
President Truman, whose acting
from time to time has been some
what rough around the edges, did
a job that would have done credit
to Maurice Evans.
The first part of the va1edictory
came Wednesday, when the Presi-
dent discharged his legal obliga-
tion to deliver a state-of- the -Unior,
message. Then on Friday, also in
compliance with law, he issued
his budget message for fiscal year
1854.
His semi-annual economic mes
sage will go to Congress next week;
it probably will be an elaboration
on statements in last weeks mes
sages.
Evening star., 1953-01-11

effect, to kill 1t. Taft said this
in debate:
The Senate has been a continu-
ing body with the same basic set
of rules since the 1st Congress in
1889: Senate action and Supreme
Court decisions have confirmed
that the, Senate is a continuing
body; the Constitution indicates
the Senate is a continuing body;
advocates Of a liberalized Rule %
should try to amend it in a
straightforward way, not destroy
the continuity of the Senate.
Liberals Position
The liberals said in reply that
the Senate has the power to make
It's own rules and the 83d Con-
gress should use that power; the
Constitution does not specifically
say the Senate is a continuing
body; Rule q is impossible to
change in any other way; the
Nation needs Federal civil rights
laws
The outcome had long been fore
seen. Only a hard core of 81 pro-
civil rights liberals voted against
Taft's motion. They included Is
Democrats, five Republicans and
the newly self-styled independent,
Wayne Morse of Oregon. For
the Taft motion were 20 Demo-
crats-24 Of them Southerners
and Al Republicans.
Last weeks fight had been futile
from the start, but 1t had gained
publicity in the home States for
the liberals, and 1t had demon
strated the difficulties Of getting
action on civil rights.
What Next?
Where would the liberals 60
from here? They were determined
to try again. Any Republicans who
opposed them last week had done
so because they. belieyed sincerely
that the Senate was continuing
body. These Republicans would
join the liberals in a more orthodox
try for a civil rights bill or for q
rules change.
Senator Taft himself said he
wanted a better cloture rule. Sem
ator Jenner, Republican, Of In
diana, who viii be chairman OF
the Rules Committee, introduced
q bin to permit cloture on two
thirds vote Of the Senator'S present.
But although the liberals would
try again, perhaps with the sup
port Of the Republican leadership,
they would have q hard time win
ming. Twenty-four determined
Southerners could filibuster to
death any attempt to change Rule
22. And in any effort to pass a
strong civil rights bill, the two
dozen Southerners could probably
ind nine additional Senators who
would be willing either to vote
against clotrre or absent them
Evening star., 1953-01-11

France was attempting to find a
new government. Antoine Pinay
had lost support when he proposed
to balance the budget by increas-
ing taxes Rene Mayer, Radical
Socialist moderate conservativel,
was asked to form a new Cabinet
after three other prospective
Premiers either declined the honor
or failed to line up the necessary
coalition.
Mayer needed at least .314 sup
porters in the National Assembly
in order to secure the premiership.
His own party and It's affiliates
gave him 90 for a starter. Backing
Of the MRP (liberal Catholic
party gave him another 100, and
the conservative Independent Re-
publicans and Independent Peas
ants added 101 to his total Nov
ing further to the right, Mayer
found 80 hackers in a group which
had splintered off from De Gaulle's
party last year. So he had a maxi
mum of 1872 members Of the Ma
tional Assembly willing to support
his bid. It was the same coalition
(see REVIEW. Page A-2oJ
Evening star., 1953-01-11
Churchill
MOST AMERICANS would agree

AFoST AMERICANS would agree
" that the presently living man
most likely to be labeled great"
In future history books is Winston
Churchill. Not only are his ac-
ompliShments stupendous, but
he's q lovable old character. It is
a pleasure to have him visit this
country.
Mr.. Churchill dropped in on the
United States last week to have
an informal chat with President
elect Eisenhower and to pay his
respects to President Truman.
Dressed In nautical garb and
wearing the official cap of the
historic old Royal Yacht Squadron
of Cowes, Isle Of Wight. Mr..
Churchill docked at New York City
on board the Queen Mary. He
was in good humor and, despite
10 years Of hard living, in good
health. He told the press:
The danger Of another world
war has "receded."
The Korean war has "done more
Evening star., 1953-01-11
Congress
CAUTIOUSLY written plank

A CAUTIOUSLY written plank
= in the Democratic Party
platform last year said that action
should be taken to change the
rules Of the Senate so that filibus-
ters could not be used to block
Anal action on controversial bills.
It was the contention of civil
rights advocates in the Democratic
Party that Dixiecrat filibusters
were unfairly aided by a weak
Senate cloture rule.
Last week, a group of Demo-
cratic Senators, aided by a hand
full Of Republicans, tried in round
about fashion to deliver on, the
platform promise. They failed.
Their circuitous route led them
into a :dead-end.
The liberals" who sparked the
fight were trying to modify Senate
Rule 22. That rule provides that
debate may be halted on two
thirds vote of the entire Senate
membership minimum Of "a
votes. The rule says, furthermore,
that a filibuster on q motion to
consider q change In the rules
including Rule 22-may not be
halted at all. The liberals had
never been able to muster "a en-
thusiastic supporters Of civil rights
bills, and they had never been able
to meet the threat Of filibuster
against attempts to change Rule ~.
The Anderson Gombit
So new strategy was devised for
the SD Congress. One Of the lib
erals, Clinton p. Anderson, Demo-
crat, of New Mexico. moved that
the Senate adopt an entirely new
set Of rules. This action was based
on the premise that the Senate
was Q new body to be organized
from scratch every two years.
Majority Leader Taft promptly
moved to tabls the motion ii
Evening star., 1953-01-11
to improve the chances Of world
peace than anything else"

to improve the chances Of world
peace than anything else"
Cheekmote vs.. StoIemote
There could be a worse thing In
Korea than stalemate - acheck-
mate is worse"
The Korean war should not be
extended indefinitely; the world
center Of gravity lies in Europe.
Finally. Britain wants "trade,
not aid"
The Prime Minister was driven
to the home of Bernard M. Baruch,
an old friend. Gen. Eisenhower
came over to chat for almost two
hours that afternoon and then re-
turned for dinner at 8. What they
discussed was not revealed. But
Mr.. Churchill doubtless gave his
views on world strategy to the
President-elect and urged that the
British and American governments
continue to work together in har-
mony and on a more personal
basis. The old wartime associates
undoubtedly kicked around a good
many ETO anecdotes before the
evening was over.
Secretary of State-designate
John Foster Dulles and Winthrop
w. Aldrich, who will be Ambassa-
dor to the Court of st. James's.
called the next day. Then Gen.
Eisenhower paid another visit.
Washington InterIude
On Thursday Mr.. Churchill flew
to Washington for an afternoon
call at the White House and an
evening dinner at the British En-
bassy with several government
friends. There was much conyiyi-
ality-the President played the
piano for the Prime Minister-but
no business was discussed with the
outgoing administration. The next
day Mr.. Churchill flew to Jamaica
for a vacation.
There were cordial greetings for
Mr.. Churchill almost everywhere.
although the visit did cause con-
Germ in some circles. Senator
Dirksen, Republican. of Illinois
erected a hasty barricade around
the Treasury Building, declaring
that the Churchillian charm would
not be permitted to pry any more
financial aid for Britain out of the
United States. (The United States
has sent $s6,3S6 100000 to the
United Kingdom in the form OF
loans, grants and lend-lease since
July 1, 1910. Repayments have
totaled $5,977 ,00O,O0O.)
The French also were bit ap-
prehensive over the visit. The
French government, which was in
between premiers, did not like to
be left out of any high-level
discussions. 80 81
It was unlikely, however, that
any agreements were reached dur
ing the trip. Gen. Eisenhower
would not commit himself on any
policy matter until after his in
auguration. But the good will
created will be valuable to the
Western allies in the months to
come.
Evening star., 1953-01-11

huge volume probably are as many
digits as appear in the telephone
directory-and almost all of them
are strung into numbers far longer
than the f1ve-f1gure ones Washing
tonians got in the telephone
changeover last month.
The size and scope of the Tru-
man budget had been an open Sc
cret for days. It had been in the
hands OF the press for 46 hours
before delivery, and almost GER
tainly in the hands of key con-
gresham for an equal length of
time. The howls of reaction from
the G. o. P. majority began to be
heard even before the message
officially reached the Hill.
The nice, round sum of $40 bill
lion was suggested as an appro-
pirate amount to lop off Mr..
Truman's estimate of $78.6 billion.
This is slightly less than Congress
pruned off last years budget, but
that one was padded out con-
siderably more thanthis.
Exactly how much "water and
fat" are in the 1854 budget re-
mains to be determined. With a
Republican Congress doing the
determining, the chopping is likely
to be quite severe-if indeed any
thing much is done about the
Truman estimates.
Trumon Groundwork
Joseph Dodge, lPresident-elect
Eisenhower's fiscal man, has sug-
gested that the incoming admin
istration is not going to pay much
attention to Mr.. Truman's budget
estimates. However, no matter
how thoroughly the Republicans
work the budget over, the ground
work will remain Mr.. Truman's.
Countless man-years = perhaps
even man-centuries- of effort have
gone into preparation of the bud
get. To start from scratch on
January 20 to duplicate this effort
along Republican lines before July
would be not only unthinkable,
but impossible.
With accent now on lower taxes.
lower spending and a balanced
budget, the $78.6 billion Truman
budget with its 500 billion deficit
was a thing of horror to the Re-
publicans. Actually, however, a
review OF past performance on
budgets shows that expenditures
tend to be over-estimated and re-
ceipts tend to be under estimated,
with the result that predicted def
cits do not materialize.
7-Yeor Experience
Considering the seven postwar
Truman budgets in one lump sum,
tneSe IacCS emerge:
. President Truman estimated
total expenditures from Fiscal
1947 through Fiscal 1858 at
$354.5 billion. Actual expenditures
amounted to $338.7 billion.
. The President estimated reve-
nue. tmainly taxes) In this period
at $318.1 billion. Actual revenue
came to $336.3 billion.
. Adding together the estimated
expenses In excess Of estimated
revenue, President Truman's fig-
ures indicated 1854 billion defi-
cit. The actual deficit for that
period amounted to only $2.1
billion.
There is no doubt. however, that
things will be somewhat different
this time. Even If the Eisenhower
administration does not start
anew on preparing q budget
which It really cannot dot will
view the spadework OF the Tru-
Evening star., 1953-01-11
Stute of the Union

THE PRESIDENTS final state
of-the-Union message aSSayed
out at about 80 per cent sweetness,
light and justification Of his own
policies. The other 10 per cent
was q lambasting that came close
to being an outright challenge to
his old acquaintance and enemy,
Joe Stain.
His predatory remarks were en-
tirely in keeping with the occasion.
'It has been my CUSTOM" the
President told Congress, Ito set
forth proposals for legislative &C
ton in the coming year. But that
is not my purpose today. The
presentation of legislative pro-
gram falls properly to my sue
cessor, not to me, and I would not
infringe upon his responsibility to
chart the forward course"
Though a clerk intoned the
message, the spirit Of sincerity
seemed to shine through in Harry
Truman's words about President
elect Eisenhower.
All Possible Success
"(He) is about to take up the
greatest burdens, the most COM
pelling responsibilities, given to
any man. And I, with you and
all Americans, wish for him all
possible success in undertaking
the tasks that will so soon be
his"
Despite his resolve not to make
any recommendations, the out
going President could not resist
plugging two of his pet projects:
International cooperation and
atomic energy. He urged the Ma
ton to press forward in both
these fields for the ultimate bene-
At Of the free world.
It was a long speech-about
1000 words-and by and large a
pleasant one. But there was moth
ing pleasant about what Mr.. Tru-
man had to say on the subject of
world communism. Charting the
rocky course of international rela-
tions in the last few years, the
President said the free world is
now united against the Soviet
threat.
Change or FoIF
"It has been and must be-" he
said, "the free worlds purpose not
only to organize. defenses against
subversion but to give
expression and opportunity to the
forces of growth and progress in
the free world, to so organize and
unity the cooperative community
of free men, that we will not
crumble but grow stronger over
the years, and the Soviet empire,
not the free world, will eventually
have to change its ways or fall"
The comparatively few legisla-
tors who remained in the House
chamber for the reading of the
message were impressed. So, it
seemed, were those who read the
statesmanlike farewell that after
noon at their leisure.