davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-04-05
Working Mothers Taxes Harry Capitol Hill

Motherhood promises to become
an issue before this Congress. The
big question will be: Can we af-
ford to give tax relief to our $780,
600 working mothers?" Or, per-
haps. Can we afford not to?"
Under today's laws, working
mothers cannot deduct baby tending
costs from their taxable income.
Nobody wants to risk his political
neck by voting against motherhood.
(The hand that pays the baby-Sit-
ter-even If it no longer rocks the
cradle-may still rule the election.)
But there's a catch. Granting tax
relief to working mothers could
mean an annual revenue loss to the
United States Treasury Of about
half q billion dollars.
At least four infantry divisions
can be fully equipped for that
amount. So, what about all those
economy promises, Mr.. Congress-
man? Which institution is the most
sacreda Motherhood or balanced
budget?
l8 Bills Proposed
OF course, the exact amount to
the penny the Government stands
to lose cannot be figured because
nobody knows what type Of bill may
come up for final vote. Some 18
bills have been dropped in the hop
per this session. Some of these
apply only to widowed working
Evening star., 1953-04-05

nursing (and housekeeping service.
Others send the child out to a day
nursery at cost of up to $40 a
week, or almost $1,000 annually.
None Of these costs is deductible.
All that parents may deduct under
the present law is 5000 per child.
With tax relief. some parents may
save up to $3.50 per child, but the
average would be about $3.50.
Three bills to correct these child
care hardships are winning tthe
most attention. They were intro
duced by House members with dif-
ferent marital status. One. was q
father, another widow, the third
a-bachelor. -'
Keotine's Bill
Representative Kenneth B. Keat-
ing, Republican, of New York, father
of one child. also fathered in 1947
the first of the so-called baby
sitter" bills. His current bill is the
most inclusive of any introduced.
It would permit a working man or
woman to deduct the expense Of
care Of an aged parent or close rel
ative as well as for children. Also,
Mr. Keating believes. a working
woman should be allowed to write
off her houSekeeper'S wage as a bus
mess expense.
Representative Edna F. Kelly.
Evening star., 1953-04-05
By Ann CottreIl Free

mothers. Others are so broad as
to include men.
Baby-sitters have been the target
of jokes and stories during the past
decade. Day nurseries have blos-
Somed across the industrial horizon.
And, unfortunately, juvenile delin-
quency has been on the increase.
The rise of the working mother is
one of the social and economic
phenomena Of recent times. She Is
an index, o barometer on the state
of the Nation. In 1910 only 1.5
million mothers worked. Due to
those plentiful war jobs, continued
defense" prosperity and rising liv-
ing costs, the number has almost
quadrupled. o.. .
Not many mothers work just for
the fun of it. The nearly two mil
lion who are widowed, divorced or
separated from their husbands find
the going pretty tough-often near
tragic.
Three million other mothers work
primarily because their husbands
salaries are not sufficient to MAIN
tain a comfortable standard Of liv-
ing in the face of inflated prices.
Many working mothers, not for
tunate enough to have an older rel
ative to stay home and take care Of
the kids, are paying up to $40 a
week, nearly $4,000 annually. for
Evening star., 1953-04-05

RFC claim Of a consistent high
profit. The RFC itself may make
all that money. they say, but the
Federal Government-and conse-
quently the taxpayer, may actually
lose money on the RFC operation.
It all depends on who keeps the
books.
Here's how the difference Of opin-
ion arises:
The RFC said it made $8.1 million
in 1949, for instance. But the staff
Of the Senate Banking Commit
tee, which was investigating the
RFC, said the agency actually oper-
ated at loss to the Government OF
$3.1 million. Most Of the loss ac-
crued to the Treasury, according to
the committee, through the free
use given the RFC o. its working
capital. The Treasury had to pay
two to three per cent for the money
which the RFC used for nothing.
Other loss to the Treasury was re-
corded in civil service retirement
payments, which the agency itself
did not count as an expense.
Even with the broader system Of
bookkeeping, however, the RFC has
not done badly. The same COM
parison was made by the Senate
Committee for the fave-year period
ending June 80. 1880 According to
the RFC it had made $103 million;
according to the committee staff it
had made $24.8 million-not exactly
peanuts.
Three Industries
The RFC is more than lending
institution. It is in business for
itself in three industries: Rubber, tin
and Manila hemp. Because no pri-
vate group was willing to take on
the expense and risk Of building q
synthetic rubber industry, the Gov
ernment started its own during
World War II. The RFC took over
the project in 1948. It now owns and
operates plants worth $517 million.
having a capacity Of almost ! mil
lion tons of rubber q year. Last
year it netted $16.1 million on its
rubber program.
Purpose Of the synthetic rubber
program originally was to give the
United States a secondary supply Of
rubber in case a Far East war cuts
us off-as it did during World War
H-from our primary source. Late
ly. however. synthetic rubbers have
been developed to the point where
they outstrip natural rubber in sew
eral key commodities.
The RFC took over the Govern
ment tin business started under
similar circumstances 1948f and
nov owns and operates the only tin
Evening star., 1953-04-05

Viewed against the background
of the global theological struggle
between totalitarian communism
and the free world. recent decisions
of the Burmese government can
only be regarded as serious set
back for American foreign policy
and a grim reminder Of the con-
tinual pressure exerted on neighbor-
ing nations by the military might Of
Soviet Russia and her satellites.
Burma has not only given notice
that she will withdraw from the
American aid program, basic part
of our foreign policy designed to win
friends and allies. But Burma has
also accused Free China Of aggres-
sion, and indirectly accuses the
United States Of infringement on
her sovereignty. While there is no
evidence that Burma has aligned
herself with the Soviet bloc, the air.
ing of these charges is certain to
cause serious repercuSsions in Asia
and perhaps in other areas adjoin-
ing Communist territory.
There is ample evidence that the
Burmese moves are the result Of
Communist pressure. Burma lies at
the back door Of Communist China
and in the heart Of strategically-
important South Asia, an area rich
in natural resources.
In 1949 q remnant Of about $4,000
Chinese Nationalist troops under
Gen. Ii Mi retreated through the
Chinese back door into the rugged,
mountainous, northeast corner Of
Burma to avoid capture by the
Chinese Reds. In Burma, these Ma
tionalist Chinese have been living
of the country and dabbling In the
opium trade. The young Burmese
nation has not approved, Of course.
But the Burmese army has been too
busy putting down incipient Com
munist rebellions and pacifying &c.
gressive hill tribes in other parts
Of the country to pay much atten-
tion to Ii Mis- troops.
Red China protested, never too
violently. about this potential Chi.
neSe Nationalist threat to its south.
ern borders. But Mao TSe-tung did
not view their presence with much
alarm as long as Chang Kai-shek
and his Nationalist army was i'm
modified on Formosa by American
policy.
New Administrations Policy
The decision of the new American
administration to take the wraps on
Chang and to give him more active
support, evident from discussions
during the campaign last fall and
impIemented by President EiSen-
hover almost as soon as he took
off1ce, changed all this.
General ii and his Nationalist
Chinese troops now present the Red
Chinese with the threat oe m In
rE
Evening star., 1953-04-05
BohIen Is Quietly Smooth Operator

q formal meeting, or more likely In
a chance meeting In q State De-
partment corridor or over drinks
at his home on Georgetown's Dunn
barton avenue. He lives his Job,
day and night.
Mr.. Bohlen doesn't think there's
much point In trying to anticipate
exactly what the Russians might be
up to and work out detailed plans
for meeting every contingency. He
likes to work more ''by ear" He
figures that in international affairs,
as well as other things in this world,
events rarely happen exactly as
anticipated anyway. So he believes
In dealing with reality things
as they are.
He's disdainful Of the "hindsight"
second guessers, too. In his Senate
Foreign Relations Committee testi-
mony he coined new word, ''hind-
myopia," combining hindSight with
blindness to conditions as they ex-
listed at the time.
1.-THE question is." Mr.. Bohlen re-
marked to Senator Ferguson at one
point, in the committee hearing,
what do you do about situations,
Senator? And think nothing
would be easier II you had to do
them all over again, you would
probably do them with greater per-
lection, although in many ways
under the compulsions of the times
! don't know what you would have
done that would have been great
improvement over this"
Mr.. Bohlen came through the
ordeal of protracted Senate debate
over his appointment, involving
questioning of Secretary of State
Dulles Judgment in okaying him as
a good security risk, with no visible
scars. It did not dampen his good
spirits.
with him.
Mr.. Bohlen left with his family
by plane yesterday for Paris en- route
to Moscow, which he expects to
reach in about 10 days. He plans
to do some shopping in Paris and
Germany en- route. He first went
to Moscow early in 1884 as minor
member of the staff of william C.
Bullitt, the first American Ambas-.
sador to the Soviet Union. He
served there about a year and a
half that time, and had another
tour of duty in Moscow in 1938-1940.
He goes back to Moscow after serv-
ing as counsellor of the State De-
partment-a position ranking with
that of an assistant secretary.
Evening star., 1953-04-05
By cornett D. Horner

Charles z. (Chip) Bohlen Is on his
way to Moscow as Americas new
Ambassador with mo illusions" that
he Is going to be able to change
anything very fundamentally"
He made that clear In testimony
before the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee last month. He demon
strated two Of his characteristics:
He never takes himself too seriously.
and he has no illusions about any
thing.
Yet MIR. Bohlen is known among
his colleagues as a smooth operator
lin the best sense Of that term
who Is q whiz at getting his ideas
across to people. And one Of his
assets is that he can talk to the new
Soviet leaders in their own language.
Shuns limelight
He Is q team worker; no glory
hunter. Nobody ever heard Of q
''Bohlen plan" for dealing with any
world problem. Yet his advice has
influenced many policy decisions IN
the past. He isn't concerned about
public credit for his ideas. And when
his ideas don't prevail and q policy
goes wrong he isn't one to say, II
told you So"
'1 have no use for people who dig
up little bits and say, oh, II only
Roosevelt had listened to me- type
of stuff" Mr.. Bohlen explained to
the Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee.
His concept Of his function as
Ambassador to Russia Is to be the
executor Of policy determined by
the President and Secretary Of State
not to decide for himself how to
handle the Russians. He assured
the Senators that he will carry out
instructions without question" He
reserved the right to comment" on
them to his Government-but only
10 his superior officers.
Mr.. Bohlen expounded his philoS-
Ophy Of o career diplomats duties
after being questioned extensively
about the Yalta and other wartime
conferences at which he acted as
IN interpreter for President Roose-
velt and President Truman.
what I have said here" he re-
marked, ''I could have given you In
different testimony and brought out
the times when I have perhaps dis
agreed with something that has
been done in the past and put in
my two bits worth, but don't con-
slider that is. to my way Of thinking.
. very admirable position; but there
are many who do it.
"f should disagree with some
Of the policies Of this adminiStra-
tion and my advice is not taken, I
would never go before this commit
tee or any other and try to make
personal capital out Of II"
Storted Under 6. o. P.
Those remarks illustrate one Of
the traits that have enabled Mr..
Bohlen, now 48, to have worked his
way from the bottom up to the top
Of the career Foreign Service in "a
years. He started his career under
Evening star., 1953-04-05

States is attempting to use them as
pawns in a world power struggle.
From the Communist standpoint, a
neutral is second only to an ally,
since the neutral can be dealt with
later individually.
The United States has an eco
nomic and military aid program in
Burma, designed to help the poten-
tial victims Of Red aggression to
defend themselves and to present
a unified front against further as
Sault.
The total Of $31 million spent in
Burma in three years has helped re-
store that country's economy, but it
is apparent that neither the sum nor
the manner in which it has been
spent have been sufficient to over
come Burmese Scruples against
alignment on the side Of the democ-
racieS.
Evening star., 1953-04-05
By Fronk 1. White

vasion through Yunnan Province.
Burma charges that the American
supported Nationalist regime on
Formosa is arning and training Ii
Mis- troops. The State Department
denies that any Americans are in
Ii Mis- area officially. The Burmese,
on the other hand. claim they have
evidence to support the charge that
citizens of this country have been
observed there. Whether they have
any official capacity the Burmese
view as q technicality.
There is strong reason to believe
that whatever evidence the Bur-
mese intend to present has been
furnished by Communist agents,
sources here say. Regardless Of the
source. charges such as this one by
Burma aid Communist propaganda
efforts to convince newly independ-
end Asian nations that the United
Evening star., 1953-04-05
RFC May Be Dying in Name Only

smelter in the Western Hemisphere,
at Texas City, Tex. It lost about
100000 on its smelter last year, but
made 100000 selling imported re-
fined tin. for net loss Of only $780,
600.
The agency started raising hemp
in 1850. Here again it is the only
producer in the Western HemiS-
phere. Hemp raising cost the RFC
$500. 900 last year.
The RFC is now trying to sell it's
rubber. tin and hemp holdings.
Special jobs frequently are tossed
to the RFC by Congress. After World
War II, the agency took over and
liquidated the Defense Plant Corp,
Metals Reserve Co., Rubber Reserve
Co., Defense Supplies Corp. U. S.
Commercial Co., War Damage Corp.
and the Smaller War Plants Corp.
Cost Of these activities has not been
charged up to the -RFC.
These are the operations the RFC
brags about. But when Senator Full
bright was probing the hidden
secrets Of the agency in 1851, he un-
covered apparent irregularities in
RFC loans. There were cries OF
mink coats" and Influence" as
it was found that the RFC had not
always had the interests Of the Ma
ton in mind when it financed some
projects-particularly some luxury
hotels.
It was only o freak parliamentary
maneuver that kept the Senate from
voting to kill the RFC outright. In
stead, it was reorganized. Stuart
Symington, then President Truman's
favorite trouble shooter and now
Senator from Missouri, took over the
almost discredited agency. He did
away with secrecy in making loans
and frightened up the operation. The
goldfish bowl policy still is followed.
and complaints about phony loans
have disappeared.
Bonkers' Support
When run on the up-and-up, the
agency has received the support OF
the group that would be the first
to complain If the RFC were bad
thing-the bankers. A Senate Bank
ing Committee poll In 1947 showed
that most bankers thought the RFC
was necessary. It does not compete
with them, and it stimulates business
in general.
On Capitol Hill the agency's boost
ers particularly like what it has done
for small business. In this day OF
commercial giants. they say. small
businesses need a boost In order to
get started or to expand.
So If the RFC is allowed to die.
the chances are good that there
will be serious attempts to find
another way to carry on some Of
the RFC functions. Secretary OF
Commerce Weeks said recently
several plans for a new program
have been studied by his depart
ment. Among the proposals tossed
out informally on the Hill are
these:
Q Keep the RFC. but confine its
activities to small-businesS loans.
Q Maintain q standby RFC to be
ready to function in case Of eco
nomic crisis.
o Give all Government lending
functions to one agency.
. Transfer RFC powers to the
Commerce Department or the Fed
eral Reserve Board.
D Set up small-business agency
with power only to recommend loans
that Treasury or the Federal Re
serve would handle.
President Hoover's governments
in-business experiment Is proving
10 be g hardy O. cr1bgrass. a
Evening star., 1953-04-05
By Richord FrykIund

The Reconstruction Finance Corp,
worlds. largest lending agency and
depression-day experiment by Pres
ident Hoover, seems finally to be
facing its last days. But the RFC
has gained such firm position in
the Nations economy it may well
rise again in some different form.
People at the marble and chrome
RFC building say it's a bit too early
to be writing the obituaries, but else
where in Washington the consensus
is that the RFC, as such, is dying
duck. The end may come this year,
# such OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
advocates as Senator Byrd have
their say. Or, If President Eisen-
hover and the chairmen Of both
House and Senate Banking Commit
tees do not change their minds, the
RFC may rock along until its legal
expiration date, June 80. 1854.
But even at that it will have lived
20 years longer than Mr.. Hoover
originally intended.
$l3 Billions Loaned
Since it set up shop February 2,
1882, the RFC has loaned more
than $I3 billion-enough to finance
the entire Federal Government for
two years back in the '30s. The
money has gone out In more than
125,OOO loans, which have financed
superhighways, snack bars, rail-
roads. hotels, motelS, automobile
factories, banks and flooded farm
ers. About $700 million still are
outstanding.
Almost half Of the RFC loans,
worth $5.5 billion, have gone to busi-
ness enterprises. Ninety per cent of
these have been what the agency
calls small-business loans-less than
100000. Another $1,000 loans
amounting to $4.8 billion have gone
to banks and other financial inSti-
tutions, mostly during the depres-
sion. Some 5000 loans adding up
to SIS billion have been made to
cities, States or counties for hospi-
tails. bridges, sewers and waterworkS.
Railroads have received 335 loans
aggregating $1.25 billion. Disaster
stricken individuals have benefited
from 10000 RFC loans, worth $S6
million.
According to the RFC charter.
loans can be made only when the
banks reject an application from
person who would use the money In
a way beneficial to the Nation. Most
business loans go to persons start
ing new enterprises. Banks usually
will make such a loan only on a
short-term basis, say 80 days. But
many individuals need more time to
get started. So they go to the RFC.
where loans can run as long as 10
years.
The RFC also can be more casual
about collateral. It Is not held back
by the strict State banking laws.
One Per Cent Bad Looms
The RFC says its generosity has
not led to the loss Of an undue
amount of money. Uncollectable
loans have run q little more than
one per cent. Biggest default was
in the LuStron Corporation loan.
Lustron received $37.5 million to
build pre-fabricated homes. The COM
pany couldn't make go Of it, and
the RFC finally forecloSed.
RFC SpokeSmen view their work
with considerable pride. They claim
70 have made q profit almost every
year on the agency's lending opera
ton. Last year. for instance, they
reported q $123 million profit: the
year before $16.S million dividend
70 the Treasury was reported.
But other accountants dispute the
Milford chronicle., 1953-10-02

Mrs. Tarr's brother-in-law and sis
ter, Mr.. and Mrs. G.. T. Wearing of
Washington, d. c.
Mrs. Lulu M. COnoway of Coal
port, Pa, called on local friends
on Friday evening.
The DagsbOrO Lions Club is
sponsoring a baked ham and fried
dinner on October 10 in the cafe
terra at the John M. Clayton
School.
At the September meeting of the
FrankfOrd Chamber of Commerce,
plans were made for the annual
Halloween parade. Delegates Wal
lace E. Truitt and Vernon o. Muir
ray gave a report of the State Con-
ference of Chambers of Commerce
held at Dover last week.
Miss Jennie Bryan was in New
York City and Philadelphia re-
Gently selecting fall merchandise
for her shop in Clayton avenue.
Sponsored by the Ladies Auxil-
iary Society of the FrankfOrd Pres
byterian hurch, Beniamins of
Salisbury, Md, will present a
Fashion Show on October Is in the
John NJ. Clayton School Auditor
ium.
Mrs. Myrtle Godfrey and son Ell
mer Magee. accompanied by Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Derrickson and
Miss Ida May Nelson of Irons
Lane enjoyed a motor trip to Chin
colleague Island, Va, on Sunday as
the guests of Miss Edna Magee of
FrankfOrd.
Mrs. Anderson Long and little
daughter Susanne visited Mrs.
Longs parents, Mr.. and Mrs. r. L.
LigOn in ClarksVille, Va, this
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kendall Noble and
children of HagerstOwn, Md, call
ed on local friends last Sunday.
Mrs. George Marvel quietly OBJ
served her birthday on Monday.
Congratulations, Sadie, and may
the next 25 be just as happy as the
first 25 have been.
Today, October 2, is the seventh
birthday of Suzanne Cobb, daugh-
ter of MIR. and Mrs. Roland Yer
non Cobb of DagsbOrO, and a grand
Milford chronicle., 1953-10-02
Safety Council Notes
SLOW down at sundown!"

"Slow down at sundown!"
Repeating the slogan that be-
come the watchwOrd of the Della
ware Safety Councils Traffic
Hazards program, Mr.. J. James
Ashton, Manager today warned
Delaware motorists that speed and
darkness are a deadly combination.
The program is being conducted in
cooperation with the National Safety
Council.
BY speed, I don't mean so or so
miles per hOur-or even 40" Mr..
Ashton explained. Il mean a speed
that's too fast for driving conditions.
And dusk or darkness are conditions
that call for travelling at a much
lower speed than you would travel
on the same road in daylight"
Mr.. Ashton warned that many
motorists are taken unaware by the
earlier dusk of October and the
changeOver from daylight saving to
standard time These motorists
drive by the clock and do not
slacken their speed as darkness
creeps up.
obviously" Mr.. Ashton said,
"a car going at a low speed can stop
in a shorter distance than one
going faster. This is a vital point
in the night driving picture. In dusk
or darkness a driver can't see as far
ahead as he can in daylight. In
fact, on a very dark road he can see
only the length of his headlight
beam For safety's sake, then, he
should travel at a speed that will