davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

have been spotted by Red ra-
dar within the German terri
tory, wanted to find out what
was going on behind the Ger
man border.
Another speculation is that
Moscow wanted to test WASH
ington's toughness and Or
dered its planes to challenge
us by shooting down American
planes. This is an old trick
used by the Muscovites since
the end Of the war. It started
with the shooting down of two
American planes by Tito's
forces when the Yugoslav die
tator was an obedient tool of
the Kremlin. The incident was
closed when Yugoslavia paid
an indemnity to the families
of the American flyers who
were killed. The United States
afterwards recognized the Tito
regime.
Other incidents occurred in
the years to follow. including
the shooting down by the
Russians Of an unarmed Navy
plane over the Baltic Sea. The
diplomatic notes sent by
Washington were duly noted
by Moscow and answered with
the usual diplomatic insults.
A new administration has
been in Office in Washington
for two months. and a new die
tator has taken over the red
mantle of Stain.
Has Comrade Malenkov de-
cided to test the toughness of
Ike Eisenhower by this provoc-
alive action through one of
the KremlinS satellites? Or
does he want to gain an i'm
mediate reputation for ruth
lessneSs with the repeatedly
restless peoples within the
satellite countries, and show
them that they need not ook
westward for support, because
America is powerless?
The strong protest delivered
at dawn on Wednesday by Am
bassador George Wadsworth to
the Prague Foreign Office
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
W0rIdWor HI Russian Stv|e
No Matter What Mr. Eden Calls It, the Fact Remains
Thot There Are g, 900 U. s. FotoIites in Korea
David LoWrence:

The United States and its
allies have decided to adopt a
peaceful" concept in describ-
ing the status of world prob
lens at the moment-leaving
1t to Soviet Russia to confirm
or contradict by deeds this
definition of the present state
of affairs.
When the Foreign Secretary
of Great Britain, Anthony
Eden, feels it is incumbent upon
him to make a speech at the
United Nations Assembly de-
claring that, despite what has
happened in Korea, World
War III has not broken out.
the public may well wonder
what occasioned such a play
on words.
For everybody knows that a
war in which millions Of men
have been engaged on both
sides, and in which the casu-
alties far exceed some of the
years in World War II, isn't to
be dismissed as non-existent
Certainly, since it is the first
war that has been fought after
World War II, it could readily
be designated as the beginning
of a third world war. But the
British Foreign Secretary has
a reason for minimizing the
Korean war as implying the
start of a wider-scale war. His
reason is that, if the allies
choose to believe a third world
war hasn't begun, the Soviets
may come to think likewise.
Also to concede the other side
of the argument-that a third
world war has begun-means
legalization of a state Of war.
and this involves Interruptions
to British trade, declarations
of a blockade, and the procla-
nation of other restrictions OF
a wartime nature.
Great Britain would like to
consider the Korean war as
just a police action" which is
the term President Truman
used. The British prefer that
Interpretation because for sew
eral months now their ships
have been carrying strategic
materials to the Communist
enemy. Also the London
government maintains diplo-
matte relations and formally
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Dorothy thompson:
History Will Be Stains Judqe
Brutal Cruel and Ruthless as He Was, He Possessed
The Kind Of Caution Born of Instructive Wisdom

by results. and thus judged to
date, Mussolini's dictum was
valid.
The history of the Soviet
Union is essentially the history
of Stain. Lenin died in 1924,
after a decade most of which
was spent in a disastrous war
against Germany and one Of
the bloodiest civil wars in his
tory.
Stain succeeded to rule in
q country weak, exhausted, and
with divided leadership, written
of by world statesmen as a
great power for decades to
come. He left it with every
inch of territory ever con-
quered and lost by it's Cars
restored to it; with it's western
frontiers protected by a ring of
SubServient satellites; its only
formidable Western enemy,
real or potential, truncated
and divided; it's most feared
Eastern enemy bereft of its
power; and RusSia's eastern
frontiers protected by an al
lance with the central land
power of Asia: China. At the
beginning of Stains regime,
the U. S. S. r. was still largely
a peasant state. He left It one
of the worlds premier indus
trial powerS-and all in the
course of IS years.
Stains mantle has presently
fallen on Georgi Malenkov.
But no mantle fell" on Stain.
It was wrought by himself, out
of extraordinary energy. for
midable intelligence, terrifying
will. Therefore, it cannot be
beQueathed. For a brief period
the power was divided, rest
ing with a committee-a COM
mittee which has, in fact,
governed during the past two
or three years, while Stain
was gravely ill, able only on
occasion to pull together the
resources Of his amazing con-
stitution for periodical con-
centrations of work or occa-
Sional public appearances in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

In 1945. during the last days
of the European phase of
World War II, the first of the
European dictators, Benito
Mussolini. was captured by
members of the Italian anti
Fascist Garibaldi Brigade,
which had been fighting I'M
foreground, among them a
young man who told me, in
Milan, of the Duce's last hours.
Mussolini was unaware that
his captors would shortly exc
cute him. He thought he would
be delivered to the Allied au-
thorities and engaged with his
captors in a not unaffable con-
versation, during which one Of
them asked: Who do you
think is the greatest man in
the world?" Instantly MuSso-
lini answered, Stain"
In the spring of 1941. during
Britain's darkest hour" I had
an extended conversation, off
the record, with Winston
Churchill. When I remarked
Il think you are a very great
man." he replied, with a wry
smile. THAT will depend on
who writes the history"
The remark was profoundly
true. MuSsolini judged a con-
temporary by his own contem-
porary standards: The ability
to capture, hold and success
fully WELD power. Churchill
declared that no contemporary
judgment is valid.
History is not a moralizer, a
parson in a pulpit. It does not
judge the role Of a man in the
historic process by his motives.
means, or even the number Of
heads decapitated. It judges
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Baltimore Fireboat Helps
QueI| Warehouse Blaze
BY the Associated Press

BALTIMORE, Mar. 1.-THE
fireboat Cascade was credited
with doing a good job" in help
ing extinguish a three-alarm
fire that destroyed a waterfront
warehouse yesterday.
Flying embers and sparks that
showered the surrounding neigh
borhood "like a fireworks dis
play" set fire to several freight
cars on sidings a block away and
menaced chemical plants ada
cent to the warehouse, owned by
the Boston Metals Co.
Fire apparatus answering the
second and third alarms was de-
layed for five minutes by a SLOW
moving freight train which
blocked a crossing.
The scene of the fire is across
the harbor from where a 81 mil
lion blaze wrecked several water
front plants last month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Shafer Warns Of Bid
To Set Up Army Staff
Along 'Prussian' Line

A commission studying De-
Tense Department reorganization
is stacked against the historic
position which has always
rejected the Prussian supreme
staff system as dangerous, &C
cording to Representative Shafer.
Republican, of Michigan.
Mr.. Shafer yesterday inserted
a lengthy speech in the Con-
gressional Record predicting the
group. appointed by Secretary Of
Defense Wilson, would recon-
mend such a staff.
He said Congress and its
armed services committees al
ways had opposed the move as
dangerous to national security
and "alien to our form of gov
eminent"
Mr.. Shafer, a member Of the
House Armed Services Commit
tee, felt that Former Secretary
of Defense Robert A. Lovett; DR..
Vannevar Bush. president Of the
Carnegie Institute and former
chairman of the Research and
Development Board, and Gen.
Bradley, Joint Chiefs Of Staff
chairman, would dominate the
seven-member group.
The trio, he said, long has
favored creation of such a gen.
eral staff.
Other members are Nelson A.
Rockefeller, chairman; Arthur
S. Fleming, DR.. Milton S. Eisen-
hover and David Sarnoff.
Mr.. Shafer said he foresaw
"a major Congressional fight to
prevent the Army general staff
from achieving it's long sought
and alien detectives.
A single chief of staff, he said,
lis a discredited system of de-
feated Germans" based on the
idea of authority without re-
sponsibility," with minimized
civilian control.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

raj Organization, in the estab-
lishment of the proposed in
ternational food reserve.
FAC seems likely to welcome
the proposal. Norris Dodd. di-
rector general, recently de-
clared: Believe me, it's dan
gerous business. Hungry peo-
pie are likely tc follow any
leader who comes along and
promises more to eat and let
ter conditions of living. 1t
used to be that people just lay
down and starved to death
dumbly, as I have seen cattle
freeze to death huddled to-
gether against a drift fence
when one COW could have led
them through. People won't
do that any more. They figure
they might better he slaves to
a dictator than die of starva-
ton"
However, human nature be-
ing what it is and legislators
being full of it, the greatest
immediate appeal of the plan
may lie in its possible impact
on the increasingly serious
American farm problem. The
administration is more con-
cerned than it cares to admit
over the decline in farm in
comes, the effect this is GER
tain to have on the general
economy and the foreseeable
political consequences. Sur
plus production and a fluctu-
ating export demand are at
the heart of the problem. Cur
tailment of production as a
means of sustaining prices
usually results only in trans
ferring the farmers grief to
the consumers and in pro-
noting imitation.
AS seen py the Senator, an
international food reserve
would encourage the expanding
food production necessary to
meet the future needs of the
expanding United States popu-
lation. 1T has been estimated"
he says, that by 1875 there
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

that it might be we'll to have
a smaller and more friendly
group writing about her new
enterprise. That paid off too,
though her later experience
in the United Nations suggests
that she need not have
worried.
It is perhaps ironic that
Mrs. Roosevelt, who covered
the water front and became
a controversial political fig
ure, steadily enforced her orig
inal limitation while Mrs. Eli
senhoWer, who produces little
front-page news. has aban-
doned it.
Mrs. Eisenhower has been
generously sharing her pleas
ure in her new situation. With
apparent ease she has accepted
the heavy schedule Of personal
appearances which Americans
demand of the Presidents
wife; in fact, she has taken
on some for her husband. Pol
iticians are muttering that he
is taking a little too much ad-
vantage of his wife's good
nature in this respect, that
people want to see him. too.
When she said that the
White House. wasn't a gold
fish bowl, and she loved it.
Mrs. Eisenhower sounded as If
she meant it. She is never go
ing to make the American peo-
pie mad that way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

sounded no louder than the
noise of a cap pistol.
He told the Czech Reds that
on orders from the State De-
partment he was protesting lin
the strongest terms" the &C
ton of Czechoslovak military
aircraft in violating the United
States zone Of Germany and
attacking American military
aircraft.
The State Department init
mated that this is only a pre-
liminary note and others will
follow. There is not the slight
est doubt that the Prague re-
action was written by Mr..
Molotov himself in the Krem-
lin. AS was expected, we
were accused of violating
Czech air sovereignty. The
same tune was played before
when the Russians shot down
the Navy plane some $50 miles
off the coast in the Baltic Sea.
The administration finds it.
self in a dilemma. On the
one hand, a tolerant" atti-
tude such as we have adopted
in the past will be exploited by
Red propaganda as another
sign of American weakness and
would inevitably have a de-
pressing effect on the satellite
countries which now look
hopefully to the West. On the
other hand, we are not pre-
pared for a showdown with the
Reds in Europe. According to
Senator Byrd, Democrat, Of
Virginia, we have spent during
the last eight years $3.50 bill
lions on military preparedness.
Yet. at this time. we have only
a handful of jet planes in
Europe compared with those
of the U. S. S. r.
But there are diplomatic
strong measures, such as
breaking of relations with
Czechoslovakia, which could be
considered in the event the
Prague puppets assume the
usual defiant attitude.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Lowell MeNett:

Senator Murray, Democrat.
of Montana, veteran legisla-
tor with young ideas, is pio-
neering again. This time he is
proposing that the United
States Congress initiate the
creation of a permanent inter-
national food reserve. The
project would have more than
one virtue, as he sees it: It
would aid in solving the food
problem for many countries
now in desperate need and
probably forestall future fam
ines in lands historically sub
ject to famine. It would sup
plement in an important way
the operations now carried on
under our point-four policy.
It would help us to make
friends and influence people
over a wide area of the globe.
And it would go far toward
solving our own farm problem.
now beginning to be seen as
much more than a temporary
matter.
Those are among the prom
Uses contained or implied in a
resolution just introduced in
the Senate by Senator Murray,
following weeks of discussion
with other members. His idea
apparently is persuasive since
81 other Senators have Joined
in the sponsorship of the reso-
luton and many others say
they are giving it serious study.
The 81 are: Case, Douglas,
Eastland. Fulbright, Hennings,
Hill, Hoey, Humphrey, Hunt.
Kilgore, LANCER, Lehman. Mag
nuSon, Mansfield, Maybank,
Mcclellan, Morse, Mundt.
Nicely, Sparkman and Young.
1t is a non-partisan group.
mostly from agricultural States.
The resolution would not
commit the United States to
any specific plan. It provides
only for the participation Of
the United States with other
nations. under the auspices Of
the U. N. Food and Agricultu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

apparently sound health. It
is nonsense to suppose that
Stains death found the Polit-
buro unprepared.
Speculation that there may
be "a struggle for power" may
also be idle, and certainly pre-
mature. Desire for absolute
power involves willingness to
assume absolute responsibility,
which is relatively rare. Soviet
leaders may stick together
through the reluctance Of any
to assume such responsibility.
But while he lived, Stain
was always in the background
as the court Of last resort. It
might prove that this quality
now is lacking. And brutal, cruel
and ruthless as he was, Stain
had the caution born of in
Stinctive wisdom. Externally,
he moved only where the mar
gin of safety was large and
always kept doors ajar for a
change of policy. His was not
a little mind, hobgoblined by
consistency, and he was pow
erful enough to disregard con.
sistency and explanation. The
new rulers might prove to be
more clumsy, and may blunder
their country and the world
into catastrophe, for nothing
in world politics is more dan
gerous than stupidity.
Stain never outlined or es-
tablished a legitimate govern
ment or even a principle Of
legitimacy. But in the absence
of total power. legitimately
established. defined and sepa-
rated functions. checks, and
balances are required. And 1t
is that lack which may sweep
away Stains empire as other
empires, for the same reason.
have been swept away. On
that will depend the ultimate
judgment of history.
A man must build far be-
yond his own lifetime to win
from history the title of "the
great" 1t is the posthumous
title, not the contemporary
which abideS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Broad Attack on Farm Problem
Senator Murray Interests Many Colleagues in Proposal for
Establishment of International Food Reserve Under FAC

will be IS million more people
in the United States than
there were in 1850. This will
require a Is per cent increase
in food production. The United
States cannot afford the let
down in agriculture that will
inevitably occur if we allow
temporary SURPRISES to exert
ruinous effects on farm prices
and farm income and destroy
the value of investments in
soil conservation, land i'm
provements, better machines
and power equipment"
It is not intended that this
extension of the ever-normal-
granary idea to the rest Of
the world shall be a purely
philanthropic undertaking.
In time. all the benef1ciaries
would be expected to pay their
own way, if the scheme works.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Doris FIeeson:

The most relaxed person in
Washington held a press con-
ference Wednesday and a good
time was had by all.
Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower
volunteered her schedule and
took on all questioners with
ease and good humor. She
gave at no point the impress
sion she wished she we're else
where. In fact, she acted as il
she liked Washington and en-
joyed being the boss Of the
distaff side of the White House.
This is practically heresy
around here, and there is no
telling what will happen when
the other, or hair shirt, side
of the White House hears
about it. Their daily attitudes
suggest that Washington is a
brand to be snatched from the
burning.
The regular White House
correspondents all but drooled
as Mamie Eisenhower effort
lessly spilled forth the minu-
tiae of her day. Minutiae it
was. but it also constituted
more conversation about what
goes on in the White House
than most of them had heard
since January 20 last.
Equal rights for men cor
respondents was Mrs. EiSen-
hower's special pioneering. The
conferences will not be reg
ularly scheduled but men will
continue to be admitted when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

the American airmen were
over the territory of Czecho-
slovakia is significant. It
means that. while everybody
knows this is fanciful-be-
cause the position of the lost
plane when it crashed proves
otherwise - nevertheless there
is no evident desire on the part
Of the Communists to concede
that their action was of an
aggressive nature.
Whatever purpose the Com
munists had in mind in shoot
ing down an American plane,
they have accomplished their
objective in demonstrating
that nothing serious happens
nowadays when the Stars and
Stripes are fired on-and that
is important propaganda for
Malenkov behind the Iron
Curtain.
AS for the bubble on what
constitutes world War III"
there will be a variety of opin-
ions offered. Maybe the name
should be changed to world
conquest" rather than "War,"
because the Russian Commu-
nists. without acknowledging
that they have a single soldier
in battle, have been able to
inf1ltrate and acquire control
over nearly 800 million people.
It's "World War III Russian
style" that is being fought. No
matter what Mr.. Eden may
call it, the fact remains that
the SovietS are winning the
cold war" and are pursuing
their own type of tactics be-
cause they know full well the
democracies will not take ef-
fective steps to combat them.
The peaceful" approach is
still the rule, and maybe that
suits Moscow. Having bluffed
the allies into a limited war in
Korea by stalling for a truce
while building up air strength,
the Red regime is probably
now getting ready by a series
of pinprick challenges to cause
allied air strength to be spread
thin in both Europe and Asia.
It's a very effective type of
tactics in any war: and in this
one, whatever it is called, time
works to the advantage of the
Soviets.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12

recognizes the Red China
government as the legitimate
government of all China.
The United States Govern
ment. on the other hand, does
not recognize the Red Chinese
government. Still the United
States and Britain are allies.
Recently another promise Of a
trade embargo-Similar to past
pledges-WaS announced here
in the form of a British
American agreement not to
allow strategic materials to be
shipped in British or American
vessels to Red China.
The United Nations, which
is responsible for the military
action in Korea, chooses to
overlook the frailties of the
Western alliance despite the
fact that the u. N. has for
mally declared Red China to be
an "aggresSor." So it is
theoretically not a war, though
it will be hard to explain this
to the parents and relatives of
the $4,000 Americans who have
died in Korea and the next of
kin of the wounded and miss
ing in action.
But the American Govern
ment, for reasons of its own,
has apparently determined not
to make an issue of all this,
either, and instead is beginning
to assume that the world will
stay at peace unless Russia by
some overt act starts an all
out war. When Secretary of
State Dulles said the other day
that the selection of Malenkov
to be Soviet Premier was a
sign of eventual peace, he was
expressing wish that is father
to the thought. He, too, has
evidently decided to assume
that Malenkov is a man of
peace until by some deed of
his government this concept is
refuted. It's a form of di-
plomacy by hopeful hypothesis.
Meanwhile, the attack in
Germany on American airmen
has resolved itself, as expected,
into a underwriting adventure
which over the weeks and
months ahead will be as futile
as other similar protests when
the Communists have fired on
allied planes. The fact that
the Czech government claims
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Hartman Begins Duties
With Destroyer Force
By the Assoeiofed Press

MELVILLE. r. l., Mar. H.
Rear Admiral Charles c. Hart
man, until recently deputy chief
of naval operations in Washing
ton, took over command Of the
destroyer force of the Atlantic
Fleet yesterday at ceremonies
aboard his flagship, the Yo-
semitic.
He relieves Rear Admiral
Chester c. Woods. commander of
Destroyer Flotilla 4 at Norfolk,
Va, who has been acting COM
mander Of destroyers since Rear
Admiral Charles Wellborn, jr.,
was ordered to the staff of Gen.
Matthew Ridgeway on Febru-
airy 10.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-03-12
Navy Unit Personnel
To Show Art Works

Art works by the personnel Of
the Bureau of Yards and Docks
will be on exhibit through to-
morrow at the bureau. Jefferson
Davis highway and Fourteenth
street, between 1890 am. and
4::30 pm.
Prizes have been awarded to
the following employees: Dorothy
M. Davidson, oil; j. S. VanKeu-
rem. water color: S. F. SWales,
pen and pencil; Albert M. Arm
strong, pastel; Capt. William
Sihler, photography, and M. c.
BattiuS, sculpture.
Evening star., 1953-08-30

hardly needed a root system to
obtain their water supply. They
could almost breathe it from
the air.
Whenever prolonged wet
weather occurs. such as we had
most of the spring, three things
in particular happen to affect
plant growth:
Root growth Is restricted be-
cause there is no need for ex-
tensive foraging for nutrients
and water. Also the soil be-
comes watersoaked and poorly
aerated.
The soil is depleted of soluble
nutrients by teaching, and the
activities of cro-organismS.
which produce plant nutrients
from humus and minerals, are
suppressed.
The soil structure of clay soils
is altered from a porous. friable
condition to compact, puddled
state.
When these conditions sud-
denly give way to drought, the
scanty feeding roots which suf-
feed for the plants needs in
wet soil are very deficient in
dry soil. Furthermore the loss
of nutrients and the compaction