davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-08-24
u. N.
Continued From First Page.)

defeat on this issue, he said, the
United States will pocket its loss
and try to make the best of the
situation.
Mr.. Lodge. appearing on MICS
Meet the Press television program
yesterday. refused to say whether
South Korean President Syng-
man Rhee has told the United
States that South Korea will boy
colt the conference if India at
tends.
To Continue Opposition.
Mr.. Lodge discounted the long
range effects of the present al
lied differences over inviting In
dia. He said countries at U. N,
can have disagreements on inter-
national affairs Just as congress-
ment can have disagreements
over domestic affairs.
The American delegation, how
ever, promised continued Oppo-
Sition to the British-backed
move to invite India to the con-
ference. He said that if India
wins a place at the conference
table "how are you going to keep
out Japan and Nationalist
China?"
Mr.. Lodge said the possibility
of admitting Red China to U. N.
was "the most academic oues-
ton in the world"
Soviet Delegate Andrei ViShir.-
sky has promised to raise the
Red Chinese problem at the reg
ular U. N. session starting Sep
tember. But Mr.. Lodge said there
wasn't ANY chance" that the
Evening star., 1953-08-24
Norwegian Libraries Busy

OSLO.-A new government
report shows that at present Nor
ways public libraries have about
2,660,000 books on their shelves.
The turnover is heavy. About
4 million volumes are taken out
each year by borrowers.
Evening star., 1953-08-24

Prices in this advertisement effective through
We'd, Aug 10th. Also. a number Of the items
imarked with on osteriskl included in this 3D.
vertsement will be found 10 be slightly higher
in price in our Virginia stores due 70 the minimum
Stoie moTk-up requirements.
Evening star., 1953-06-21

gan to interpret the Presi-
dents words.
First, it was presumed the
words were aimed at Senator
Mccarthy of Wisconsin, who
has conducted an investigation
Of books in State Department
overseas libraries written by
persons considered by the
Senator to be subversive. The
Eisenhower statement was
thought to be a warning to
Mccarthy to lay of.
Second. the statement was
thought to be aimed at Sec
retary Of State Dulles, who.
after the Mccarthy investiga-
ton, ordered books by "con-
troversial" authors removed
from the libraries. It was pre-
sumed to be a signal to Mr..
Dulles to revise his order.
Not Mccorthy
At his midweek press con-
ference President Eisenhower
cleared UP some of the specu-
tlation.
He was not talking about
Senator Mccarthy. He never
dealt in personalities. He was
not telling Secretary Dulles to
change his directive. He had
not seen a copy of the order
and did not know what 1t con-
tanned, but he would ask for a
report on it.
Then the President went on
to explain his position on book
burning, which he defined as
suppression of ideas. He said
that in the United States all
books within the limits of
decency should be freely
stocked in libraries, with the
possible exception of books
which q court could call
treasonous or traitorouS. Marx
and Engels, he said. are valu-
able reading. But Government
Libraries overseas should not
spend money on books which
would persuade people to join
our Communist enemies.
Senator Mccarthy said he
was satisfied with the Presi-
dents stand. Where 1t left
the State Department book
purge was not clear. It would
depend on how the Presidents
standards were interpreted.
But certainly the Presidents
statements would strengthen
the hands of American libra
rians who are being urged to
ban controversial books.
Evening star., 1953-06-21
Continued From Page A-253

Continued From Page A-25)
either to injure the United
States or aid the for
eign power-may be pun
nished by death If the Of
fense occurs in wartime. It
provides further that where
two or more persons conspire
to do these things, and one
or more does any act to carry
out the conspiracy, all shall be
equally liable.
Worse Thon Murder
The opinion Of Federal
Judge Irving r. Kaufman, who
presided over the trial in New
York, was that the Rosenbergs'
crime was worse than mur-
der" He observed that they
were not mere pawns in the
spy game, but key figures and
organizers Of q net that spread
across the world. Their espio-
mage conspiracy, the jury
found, had reached into top
secret atomic energy installa-
tions here.
II Judge kaufman had not
handed down the death pen
atty, the most he could have
given the RoSenbergs would
have been 80 years in prison.
Despite the fact that the
Rosenberg case Is one of the
best-publicized Of recent times,
the crime of which they were
convicted and the law under
which they were tried still are
not understood by large num-
bers of Americans and foreign
erS alike.
The RosenbergS often have
been called traitors. In a
strictly legal sense, they were
not. They were neither tried
for nor convicted Of treason.
Under the Constitutions def
milton, they did not commit
treason. And if they had they
could not have been convicted
on the evidence that sent them
to death for an espionage con-
spiracy.
The Other Side
Rosenberg partisans, how
ever. say a big flaw exists in
the case. It comes, they assert,
Evening star., 1953-06-21

recommendation Of death or
life imprisonment. CThe Espio-
mage Act leaves 1t up to the
judge to impose sentence).
Two 'Intruders'
This apparent discrepancy
between the two laws was
called to Justice Douglas at
tention, not by the Rosen-
bergs' regular lawyers. but by
two attorneys who had been
branded "interlopers" and sin
truders" by Judge kaufman in
New York earlier last week.
Their relationship with the
RoSenbergs was so tenuous as
to be virtually non-existent.
Here is how they fit into the
picture:
The two lawyers, Fyke Far
mer of Nashville, Tenn, and
Daniel G. Marshall Of Los
Angeles, were retained by
Irwin Edelman, a Los Angeles
soap-box orator and pam
phleteer who appears to have
quite a reputation as screw
ball. even by Southern Cali
fornia standards. Edelman
was described as next friend"
of the RoSenbergs, which put
him more or less in the cate
CORY Of a kibitzer. The next
friend" told reporters in Cali
fornia that he was a member
Of neither the Communist
Party nor the Committee to
Secure Justice in the RoSen-
berg Case. That was not mis-
fault, he hastened to add: He
had been kicked out OF both
organizations.
Farmer and Marsh a !
pointed out to Justice Doug
las the difference between the
two statutes, and raised in his
mind a doubt that the Espio-
mage Act was applicable. In q
detailed opinion. Justice Doug
las said frankly that he did
not know whether Farmer and
Marshall were right or wrong.
But on the chance that they
might be right, he stayed the
execution so the matter could
be argued in court. If the
Espionage Act was indeed the
wrong law, he explained, the
Rosenbergs would have gone
to their deaths unlawfully.
'EmphotieoIIy Sure
Stating that it is important
to protect the Nation from
spies. Justice Douglas added:
1T is also important that be-
fore we allow lives to be snVffed
Evening star., 1953-06-21
Review Of the Week:

from the Governments re-
lance on the testimony Of
David Greenglass. q Cocoon
spirator now doing Is years
at Lewisburg, Pa. They point
out that Greenglass was
a confessed spy who had his
own neck to save and saved 1t
by duplicating his sister, Ethel,
and brother-in law, julius.
Greenglass' testimony was
perjured. they say. However.
no. proof to this effect has ever
been offered.
Also Objectionable to the
Rosenberg side is the fact that
another co-conspirator (and
co-defendant in the New York
trialD was spared execution. He
is Morton Sobell, now at Alca-
trsz under a 30-year sentence.
Yet neither the finding nor
the procedure was successfully
attacked In any court during
more than two years Of legal
battling. So the left-wing cry
Of 'frame-up" rings hollow In
American ears. Unfortunately.
1t rings more true in the ears
Of many foreigners, which ap-
pears to be precisely the rea-
son that the Rosenbergs are
being made into martyrs for
the benefit Of world commu-
nism.
The death Of the Rosenbergs
set of a wave of minor dis
turbances both here and
abroad. The foreign ones had
been predicted, and police were
ready for the American ones
just in case.
But to give credit where
due, the most spectacular dis
turbance in the United States
right here in Washington
was touched on not by the
sympathizers of Julius and
Ethel Rosenberg, but by their
enemies. An estimated 1000
nti-Rosenberg people milled
around and booed 400 pro-
Rosenberg pickets near the
White House. Police finally
Strengthened things out with
out bloodshed and got the pro-
Rosenberg forces on buses and
out of town.
In New York, Union Square
was packed with Rosenberg
Evening star., 1953-06-21

out we be emphatically
sure-that we act within the
law"
Reaction was immediate.
The Justice Department
called the Douglas action "un-
precedented" and called for a
reconvening of the court to
vacate Justice Douglas stay.
And on Capitol Hill, Repre-
sentative Wheeler of Georgia
who has earned the nickname
"Fireball" by virtue of his
pitching in congressional ball
games-tossed a sizzler right
down the groove. He SUBJ
mitted two bills, in this order:
First, to impeach Justice
Douglas for "high crimes and
misdemeanors."
Second, to investigate the
justice with a view to deter
mining whether grounds existed
for impeaching him.
Many Americans applauded
Mr.. Wheeler's action and scored
Justice Douglas for holding
"pro-Rosenberg" views. Yet it
was not Justice Douglas at all
whose record was most con-
sistently on the side of the
Rosenbergs: it was Justice
Black. Undeviatingly. seven
times out of seven, he voted
what could be regarded as the
Rosenberg way; twice he found
himself voting that way alone.
Yet neither Mr.. Wheeler nor
any one else suggested inn
peaching Justice Black.
AS to the other aspect of
what Justice Douglas did, the
Justice Department branded
his move unprecedented" But
there was doubt that this word
was justified. There was prec-
edent in the Rosenberg case
itself for q justice acting uni
laterally. Chief Justice Vinson
did so on May 26, when he re-
fused to grant a stay.
Asked about the matter
on Friday, a top Justice De-
Evening star., 1953-06-21

a new trade program would
be sent to Congress.
Last week President Eisen-
hover got action on his pro-
poSal in the House, but not
without q fight from hitherto
cooperative Democrats. In
order to pry the bill loose from
the high-tariff advocates in
the House Ways and Means
Committee, the President had
agreed to an amendment which
would add a Republican to the
Tariff Commission. The Demo-
Gratis fought last week to re-
move that amendment.
Minority Leader Rayburn
said the move was a blatant
attempt to inject politics into
a board which had been BIZ
partisan since it was set up in
1916. Republicans, however.
said that Democratic Presi-
dents had been appointing men
to the board for 20 years and
that the Republicans de-
served q break. (The board
now has one Eisenhower ap-
pointee-a Republican-four
Democratic appointees-three
who are Democrats. one a Re-
publican-and one vacancy)
The House Democrats lost
on an almost-party- line vote.
215 to 1876. Six Republicans,
178 Democrats and one Inde-
pendent voted against expand
ing the board; 200 Republicans
and Is Democrats voted for it.
The bill was then passed, as
amended, 363-35. The Senate
gets next crack at it. and the
vote is apt to be closer.
Evening star., 1953-06-21
Book Burning
Don't join the book burners.

LON loin tns pooA UuIneIS'
Don't think you ore going to con-
ceol fouIts by coneeoIns evidence
thot they never existed. How
will we defeot communism unless we
know what it is? -.
Now. we hove got to fight it with
something better, not try to conceal
the thinking Of our own people. They
ore port Of America, and even if
they think ideos thot ore contrary
TO ours they hove q right to hove
them, q right to record them ond q
right to hove them in places where
they ore accessible to Others.
THUS PRESIDENT Eisen-
l. hover jumped last week
into the middle of the contro-
very over "book burning
withholding of books thought
to be dangerous. "Subversive"
books actually were burned
by the Nazis, Fascists and
Communists and by occasional
overanxious school boards
and police chiefs in this coun-
try. Usually, the term hook
burning is figurative. Offend
ing evil volumes are barred
from sale. withdrawn from
library shelves or, perhaps,
attacked by Congressman.
Many Interpreters
The Presidents. statement
was welcomed by the many
persons who believe any nom
obscene book should be freely
written, published and read.
These persons Immediately be-
Evening star., 1953-06-21
Conflict

The issue on which the last
big round In the Rosenberg
battle was fought was an abb
struse one. Still. it seemed odd
that 1t had not been raised
before.
In 1914. when the Rosen-
bergs' conspiracy began. there
was only one law regarding
spies-the Espionage Act Of
1917, outlined above. But in
1850, when the conspiracy
ended with their arrest. there
were two laws. The additional
measure was the Atomic
Energy Act Of 1916. 1T
roughly paralleled in its pen-
alties the 1917 law. The diff
ference between the two acts
was the issue which brought
the case to the high court for
the last time.
The 1917 law provides a
maximum wartime death pen
atty with no strings attached.
The 1946 law also provides a
wartime penalty Of death Cor
life imprisonment, which the
earlier law does not provide).
But the atomic energy statute
says clearly that the death and
life penalties can be exacted
only If two conditions are full
filled:
0 The act or conspiracy
must have been done with in
tent to injure the United
States. (The Espionage Act
does not distinguish. for pur-
poses of punishment, between
injuring the United States and
aiding a foreign power).
. There must be a jury's
Evening star., 1953-06-21
Trade

II Ugh ON THE Presidents
II legislative must list" for
this session Of Congress is ex-
tension of the Reciprocal
Trade Agreements Act for one
year. He told Congress he
wanted the law retained with
out change while he studied
the entire foreign trade prob
lem. Next year, he promised,
Evening star., 1953-06-21
Rosenberg Execution Tops Claims

partment Official admitted
that the department had not
checked for precedent before
labelling the Douglas action
unprecedented" What the !.
department really meant, he
said, was that the action was
unusual" And unusual 1t
certainly was.
Doom
The job for the full court
last week was to answer the
questions asked by Justice
Douglas. Did the Atomic
Energy Act of 1916 supersede
the Espionage Act of 1917 in
the Rosenberg case? Were the
Rosenbergs legally sentenced
to death?
When the Farmer Marshall
plea was first entered, it was
believed that the question had
never been thought of before.
AS it turned out, nearly every
one concerned had thought of
1t, and had assumed that the
new act did not vitiate the old
one.
The court decided that the
Espionage Act prevailed. But
in so deciding, the court was
careful to point out that JUS
tice Douglas had been entirely
within his rights in staying
the executionS-even if he had
been wrong in his Judgment of
the law.
The door to the death cham
ber at Sing Sing was swinging
open for the Rosenbergs. Only
the President himself could
close it-and late Friday after
noon he refused.
The door swung fully open
at 8 o'clock. Six minutes later
Julius Rosenberg was dead.
In another ten minutes, the
end of his widows life was an.
nounced. Neither said a word
as the final seconds licked
away.
There was nothing left, this
week end. but paperwork and
bookkeeping. The United
States Government shortly
would pay the State of New
York the final installment Of a
bill that totaled $34,618.58, as
follows:
Board, cell and special
female guards for Ethel Ro-
senberg, 801 days at $3.50 a
day: $30,918.60.
Board and cell for julius
Rosenberg, 736 days at SAB a
day and 81 days at $3.50 a
day: $3,399.98.
Two executions at $50:
$500.
The case of the Rosenbergs
was closed.
Evening star., 1953-06-21
Crash

THE BIGGER airplanes
l. grow, and the more de-
pendent men become on
fight, the more horrifying are
the tolls exacted in air crashes.
Last week, a few miles from
Tokyo, the worst air disaster
in history occurred. In an in
slant, 129 American lives were
snuffed out.
The plane. a huge CHA
"Globemaster." " had Just taken
off froms Tachikawa Air Base.
bound for Korea. Something
Continued on Page A-29, Col. !.
Evening star., 1953-06-21

"mourners" at the hour Of
death. They did not break the
peace.
In Paris, q crowd milled
through the streets near the
American Embassy. One man
was wounded and about 400
arrested before the demonstra-
tion was broken up. In London
and Toronto crowds demon
strated. In Dublin. two Molo-
tov cocktails Of bottled kero-
sene were hurled through Q
United States Information
Service window but did not
explode.
Evening star., 1953-04-26
vassar Club Book Sale
To Be Started Tomorrow

The fifth annual book sale Of
the VaSsar Club of Washington
begins tomorrow with an eSti-
mated $4,000 volumes on the
block.
Proceeds, expected to be
around $4,000 this year, 60 to-
ward granting Vassar scholar
ships to four Metropolitan Area
girls, to be chosen later.
The books have been collected
since last September by a team
of As alumnae in a house to
house canvass of the area. All
books were donated. Stalls for
the sale have been set up in the
building formerly occupied by
Lowdermilk's at 1418 F street
NV. Sale hours will be 10 am.
to 6 pm, tomorrow through
Wednesday, with 8 pm. closing
time on Thursday, the final day.
Evening star., 1953-04-26
New Administration
Is Getting Rid Of Fat,
McKeIdin Declares
BY the Assoeioted Press

CHICAGO, April Discharges
initiated by the Eisenhower ad-
ministration in the past, three
months, Gov. McKeldin of Mary
land said today, have enabled
the Nation to start shedding at
last the f1abbineSs and fat ac-
quired in score of years."
In a speech before a conven-
ton of speedwriting school ad-
ministrators, Gov. McKeldin
said:
1--WE are reversing the retro
gressive and f1agitious trends of
20 years"
The governor praised Gen. Eli
senhower, whom he nominated
for President at the Republican
National Convention here in
July, for moving to reduce the
size and eliminate some of the
Federal Governments activities.
He said the Government is
also getting out of the field Of
private business, "away from the
mire of socialism and near
socialism in which it has wal
lowed for too many years.
The Reconstruction Finance
Corp" he said. creature Of
haste in time of depression
monster of uncontrolled growth
in years of precarious prosperity
-purveyor of. pelf to the para
sites of privilege at the pinnacle
of it's pernicious power-happily
is soon to expire"
Such economy will lead even
tually to balanced budget and
tax reduction. Mr.. McKeldin
said.
Evening star., 1953-04-26
Montgomery Homes
Open Tomorrow in
Garden Pilgrimage

Fourteen homes in Montgom-
cry County will be shown tomor-
row on the fourth day of the
annual Maryland House and
Garden Pilgrimage.
Six of the houses are in the
vicinity Of Brookeville. a quaint
town which dates back to 1908.
Tickets for the tour are $3.50
but any individual house may be
visited for 81. The money goes
to the further restoration and
refurnishing Of the Harwood-
Hammond House at Annapolis
and other projects of the Feder-
ated Garden Clubs of Maryland.
Luncheon will be served at
Olney by the women of st. Johns
Church and at BealleSville by the
women's auxiliary of the Upper
Montgomery Fire Department.
The price at both places will be
$125 a plate.
The houses will be open from
10 am. to 6 pm. In order to
avoid congestion. Mrs. Jennings
Bailey. jr.. chairman, suggests
that those making the tour from
the Washington area start at
the Thomas estate near Rock
vile and lunch at Beallsville and
that those from Baltimore start
at Brookesville and lunch at
Olney. Booklets giving the route
are available at The Star busi-
ness counter.
Historic houses of st. Mary's
County, the oldest county in the
State, are open today.
Evening star., 1953-04-26
Dinner in FuIIs Church

The Brotherhood Of st. An
drew and the veStry of Falls
Church (Va) Episcopal Church
will sponsor a dinner at $50
pm. Tuesday in the church.
Evening star., 1953-04-26

LansbuYgh's-WH1TE SEWING CENTER-Thtrd Floor
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1953-11-06
OAK HARbOR HAS
''HOT" ELECTION

Oak Harbor voters elected two
new members to their village
council in. Tuesdays election, de-
feated the candidates. of two in
crumbent councilmen, and defeat
ed the present village treasurer.
Mrs. Jean Williams was elected
as treasurer when she scored a
lopsided victory over the incum-
bent, Mrs. Cora Hetrick, $40 to 85
Defeated in their races for re-
election were councilmen Carl No
BILE, Jr., and Louis Brindley. Their
seats will be taken by newcomers
Grayson Meyer and Lewis Wis
tinghausen.
Four incumbent councilmen
who were reelected were Fred
Meckfessel, Jr., who led the eight
candidates with 508 votes, Glenn
Robinson, 499; Robert Hockin, 444,
and Paul Provonsha, 440 Other
winners were Grayson Meyer with
800 and Lewis Wistinghausen with
374. Brindley received $50 votes
and Noble, 273.
Ottawa County news. (Port Clinton, Ohio) 1931-1956, 1953-11-06
POPPY DAY SALE
TO Be SATURDAY

Under the general craftsmanship
of Mrs. Hazel Boss, members of
the Port Clinton American Legion
Auxiliary will conduct a house-to-
house canvass of this city this Fri
day evening and all day Saturday
when Poppy Day will be observed.
Emblematic of the poppies at
Flanders Field, where many
World War I heroes are buried in
France, the paper flowers are
made by disabled veterans at
Army hospitals throughout the ma
ton. Many veterans at the San
dusky Soldiers Home derive their
only income by making poppies
throughout the year.
Selling the flowers here will be
wives, mothers, sisters and daugh-
tiers of local veterans who work
hard to raise funds to help sup
port the Veterans Orphans Home
at Xenia, and to carry on their
child welfare and veterans reha-
Utilization work on the local, state
and national basis.
Mrs. Frederick Johnson, Bay
Township, is president of the Port
Clinton Legion Auxiliary which
annually sponsors Poppy Day.