davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-12

inn 10 miles from an Austrian
Is a whole country away. The
food is different; the atmos-
phere is different.
Even more marked is the
transition from a Germanic
country to q Slavic-within a
mile or so one leaves one
world and enters another,
while within the racially Ger
manic countries the frontier
is still a visible boundary
between Germany and Hol-
land whose ways of life are
by no means identical.
We say, Nevertheless. Eu-
rope should unite"-and we
are right. Western Europe's
resources in population, raw
materials. industrial equip
ment and technical skill are,
united. equal to the Soviet
Unions. And for a century
the greatest European spirits
have counseled that Europe
would unite or perish.
Our more thoughtful Euro
pean friends also note the mir
acle that a great power should
be pushing for the creation of
another great power, as a
united Europe would be. If
America were concerned to
make satellites we should try
to keep Europe a scrap heap
of states, for only with such
division could America rule.
But it is futile to set date
lines for such q revolutionary
transformation to occur-de-
pending, for instance, on the
next meeting Of the United
States Congress.
The recognition that some
thing ought to be, does not
Immediately overcome the
deeply rooted reality Of
what Is.
Evening star., 1953-02-12

Council through its veto power,
which 1t has exercised AZ times
already.
: Bringing China before that
tribunal would be a completely
wasted effort. It is no longer
a secret that the Kremlin or
dered the attack against the
South Korean republic by the,
North Korean puppets on June
Is, 1850. It was also the Krem-
lin which ordered the Chinese
to intervene after the North
Korean forces had been
smashed by the allies. 1t is
Russia which supplies the Chi
nese not only with the heavy
equipment and airplanes neces-
sary to continue the war, but
also with general staff officers
who master-mind the Red
strategy. And finally 1t was
the U.S.S.R. Foreign Secre-
tary Andrei Vishinsky, who at
the last session of the U.N. in
New York rejected the armi-
stice proposals offered by the
Indian delegation and accepted
by all the other U.N. members,
except of course the Muscovites
and their satellites.
Article 81 permits us, how
ever, to apply a blockade
against any aggreSsor in the
case Of self defense. And there
is no question in anybody's
mind that we and our allies
have been attacked by the
Chinese in Korea and are now
fighting in self defense. This
country has les.led over back
ward to avoid a Chinese Com
munist intervention in what
was described originally as a
U.N. police action" The
former administration ordered
the 7th Fleet to shield the
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Dovid Lowrence:-

There is to be no piecemeal
program to win the "cold war"
Nor is there to be any isolated
action taken to wind up the
Korean situation. Whatever
happens hereafter will be on
an inter-allied basis after
full consultation with Amer
ica's allies.
This has been the plan from
the very moment the EiSen-
hower-Dulles team began to
formulate foreign policy for
the new administration-in
early December.
The only problem in which
the United States decided to
act on its own, but to notify
the allies in advance, was the
withdrawal of the 7th Fleet
from Formosa. The allies were
not a party to this when the
restriction was imposed in the
first inStance-in fact, there
was considerable criticism from
London and other capitals
when the United States pre-
sumably held the Communists
back in June, 1850. from a
possible invasion of Formosa.
Technically and legally the
United Nations has nothing to
do with the American Navy's
presence in and around For
mosa, so a simple explanation
to the allies of Americas pur-
pose now in withdrawing the
feet was considered sufficient.
When, however, any blockade
of the China coast or the
bombing Of bases in Manchuria
or any other move designed to
put pressure on the Chinese
Communists is up for con-
sideration so as to compel a
truce in Korea, the decision
will be made in unison with
the allies.
The Eisenhower administra-
ton has determined that. as
a necessary first step, the
South Korean army shall be
built up to as many divisions
as possible so that other allied
troops can be withdrawn from
the front lines within the next
year or so. Also there will be
Evening star., 1953-02-12

coast Of Red China against
pin-pricking Nationalist incur
Sions because 1t did not want
to give the Peiping war lords
the excuse for intervening in
Korea; this measure was main
tanned until recently. even In
the face of Red China's Prov
ocations. Important strategic
materials have been. shipped
from Allied countries to the
aggressor in order. the export
ing nations claim, to avoid Of.
tending the Chinese Commu.
nists.
Our Air Force has been
strictly forbidden to. pursue
the enemy's airplanes across
the Yalu River even in self
defense and neither the
enemy's line Of communica-
tions in Manchuria nor his
military installations were ever
bombed, because diplomats
feared that we might infringe
"China's neutrality" Now, II
we wish to turn another leaf
and not make a joke Of the
United Nations Charter-aS
the u. SIS. r. has done in the
last six years-this country
and her allies can avail them
selves of Article 81. An armed
attack against a member OF
the United Nations" has oc-
Cured and our claim to self
defense can be fully justified.
Our Government will certainly
be glad to comply with the
remaining provisions Of that
article and report immedi-
ately" to the Security Council
the blockade and whatever
other measures we may deem
necessary to guarantee our
right to self defense.
Evening star., 1953-02-12

If the United States is to be
asked to bear the brunt Of the
world police problem both In
Asia and In Europe. then, it is
being argued, there must be
concerted action of an effective
character. There must be an
end to the prolonged stalemate
in which American power is
continuously drained. and, in
the case Of Korea. American
boys are killed and wounded
while the other nations main
tain only token forces.
What may develop soon in
side America Is a drive to bring
American boys home from both
Asia and Europe. There are
suggestions that a deadline Of
two years be set by Congress,
within which time the Ameri-
can Government should en-
deavor to bring all American
troops home from foreign soil.
If the allied nations which
have the manpower available
do not set up enough divisions
to defend their own countries.
the question will arise as to
what the fate Of American
divisions might be in the event
of the outbreak Of war.
The trend is toward an ef-
fort to get a united allied
policy. but, if this fails. then
the American Government will
be faced with demand at
home to let the South Koreans
take care of Korea and let the
Europeans take care of their
own defense. Certainly the al
lied governments cannot have
it both ways-to prevent Amer
lea from using its maximum
military power in Asia and at
the same time to expect Ameri-
can manpower to be bled in
definitely in Asia even as
Europe expects more and more
American troops to be sent to
defend the continent. A show
down in global policy is in
evitable if the allies do not
make up their minds to present
q united front in the "cold
war"
Reproduction RIGHTS .Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-02-12

compartmentalizing of West
ern Europe, with the great
consolidation Of Soviet power
on its borders. But an Ameri-
can President, only a genera
tion ago, contributed to that
compartmentalization by de-
claring "the right of self-de-
termination for nationalities."
which resulted in the breakup
of the Danubian federation,
and facilitated the absorption
Of it's parts, first by Germany
and then by Russia. We have
not always clearly foreseen the
consequences Of the applica-
tion of our ideas.
In Europe the frontiers
have a significance established
by centuries of history. They
are not-as LIE Figaro, the
most pro-American Paris
newspaper, commented a fort
night ago-"mere adminiStra-
tive boundaries drawn through
virgin territories. They have
greater reality than noun
tains or rivers. 1t is
more difficult to build a
Europe than it was to build
a U. S. A.. because the former
must be built with a Europe
which is very old and unsep-
arabic from it's past"
The observant traveller
knows without a map when he
has crossed a European from
tier. The aspect of the land
scape changes, although the
natural landscape itself may
not. The Italian Tirol does
not look like the Germanic-
Austrian. The fences. are not
built the same way. nor the
peasant houses and barnyards,
nor the village churches. Even
the wayside crosses reflect q
different culture. An Italian
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Allies Eat Cake, Then Want It
They Can't Expect Us to Continue to Be BIed Korec
And at the Some Time Send More Troops to Europe

an uninterrupted build-up of
the land. sea and air forces
Of the Chinese Nationalists on
Formosa. This step doesn't
require any allied sanction. It
is a continuing policy begun
long before the Korean war
started.
1t is not intended. on the
other hand, by the admins
tration here to rest solely on
the idea of letting South Ko-
rean troops take over in
Korea, nor is dependence to be
placed solely on what the Chi
nese Nationalists may do to
harass the Chinese Commu-
niSts on the mainland. A
broader and more comprehen-
sive policy is in the making.
Whatever policies are adopt
ed will be on a global basis.
Europe is not to be regarded
as a separate affair unrelated
to what happens in Asia.
The first move will come
when the United Nations AS
sembly meets again shortly.
The American Government
will lay the facts before the
U. N. and ask for concerted
action to block off any trade
with Communist China and
North Korea.
The U. N. will have to decide
whether 1t wants a blockade.
If it is approved. units from
the British and other navies
will be asked to share the
responsibility of blockade with
the United States Navy.
Should European nations
take the position that they do
not want a naval blockade and
should they take the position
that this might enlarge the
war;" the American Govern
ment is likely to counter with
the idea that the same risk
prevails in Europe, where, at
the very doorstep Of Russia,
the European defense army
and the NATO army are being
built up for the sole purpose
of thwarting a Communist
march across Europe.
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Lowell WeNett:
Oil, Schools and States Riqhts
Senate Committee Stoff Endeovors to Draft Legislation
To Meet Situation That Changed Between Sessions

The staff Of the Senate In
terror and Insular Affairs
Committee is now working on
a draft of Legislation relating
to submerged lands" This is
one of the II items on the
first legislative program Sug-
geSted to Congress by Presi-
dent Eisenhower, indicating
his desire to get the so-called
tidelands issue disposed of as
quickly as possible. The COM
mittee, headed by Senator
Butler of Nebraska. will hold
hearings on the subject next
week, although no bill has yet
been drafted and none may be
ready by that time.
The staff, it is reported, has
been having a little difficulty
in deviSing a satisfactory
measure. Whether this results
from the new status of the
submerged landS-thiS is, the
oil-bearing lands converted
into a naval reserve by PreSi-
dent Truman before he left
offlce-iSn't known. Some SEN
ators who had been prepared
previously to support quit
claim legislation giving title to
the coastal States, are now
said to want a new look at the
problem. They would be hap
pier, it is said, If President
Eisenower would first rescind
his predecessors executive or
der, as he could do. Some day,
they are said to fear, those oil
reserves may be vital to the
national defense and they
would prefer to have the Com
Inander in Chief take the full
responsibility for letting them
60.
Another difficulty is pre-
sented by the difference in
the claims of the States prin-
cipslly concerned. The land
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Charter Sanctions Blockade
Basic Y. N. Law Gives Allies Right to SeIf-Defens
including Operations by Air, Sea and Land
Constantine Brown:

The United States and
its United Nations associates.
lighting In Korea are fully
entitled under the provisions
Of the U. N. Charter itself to
blockade the China coast.
Chapter Z. dealing with
action in respect to threats
to peace" provides specifically
in Article 81 that nothing in
the present Charter shall i'm
pair the inherent right of in
dividual, or collective Self-de-
tense If an armed attack occurs
against a member of The
United Nations, until the Sc
curity Council has taken meas
ures to maintain international
peace and security"
These measures are con-
tanned in Article ~ Of the
same chapter and give the
Security Council the right to
terminate breaches Of peace
by demonstrations, blockade
and other operations by air,
sea and land forces of mem
bers Of the United Nations"
Our position is that we have
gone into Korea with a number
Of other United Nations mem
bers to maintain peace by re-
pelling aggression. We were
by way of accomplishing that
task in the early fall of 1850,
when the armed forces Of Red
China numbering nearly a mil
lion men entered the field and
interfered with the United Ma
tionS forces mission. These
Chinese, described originally
by the Muscovites and their
satellites as mere volunteers"
became the aggressors. AS
time went on, the Peiping gov
ernment dropped the mask
and the volunteers" were rec
ognized as what they actually
were, the Peiping governments
regular forces. But even If we
were to accept the volunteer"
subterfuge to this day, there is
nothing in the charter forbid
ding the taking of all possible
measures against an aggressor,
regardless of his disguise.
Some of our allies stress the
point that the Charter pro-
vides that the Security Council
must determine whether an
aggression or a breach of peace
has been committed, and must
order the measures to be
taken. Under existing condi-
tions. however, the U. S. s. r.
can paralyze the Security
Evening star., 1953-02-12

involved is not tideland-the
land covered by the sea at
high tide and uncovered at
low tide. The States claim to
this is not disputed. The land
involved Is the submerged
lands of the marginal sea, ex-
tending from the low-tide
mark out to the edge of the
continental shelf, claimed for
3 miles by California. 10 miles
by Texas and ~ miles by
Louisiana.
The committee hearings will
offer Senator Hill of Alabama
and a number of his colleagues
an opportunity to press again
for the substitution of their
oil-for- education bill. rejected
by the last Congress. During
a national emergency-with
the present time regarded as
such-371a per cent Of the
revenue from submerged lands
within the three-mile limit
would be allocated to the
States. After the emergency
period has passed, the remain
ing 62.Aa per cent Of the rev.
enue from all submerged lands
would be paid into the Fed
eral Treasury, to be earmarked
for aid to education.
If the prospects for this pro-
posal nave improved since last
session. as the sponsors think,
it is because the Nations
school situation has continued
to grow worse. A New York
Times survey has revealed that
one out of five schools can be
called obsolete. Glasses are
being held in cellars, attics,
abandoned inns, garages and
private homes. Many school
buildings are fire hazards,
Many more lack proper heat
ing, ventilation, equipment
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Admiral LeahY Coniers
AGAIN With Eisenhower
BY the Asseeioted Press

William D. Leahy, the retired
admiral who served as chief Of
staff to Presidents Truman and
Roosevelt, conferred briefly with
President Eisenhower yesterday.
Admiral Leahy told newsmen
he wanted to ask Gen, Eisen-
hover "a couple of questions that
hadn't anything to do with busi-
ness" He declined to elaborate.
This was his second call on
Gen. Eisenhower in two weeks.
He told reporters on leaving
the White House January 81 he
thought that freeing Chinese
Nationalists for raids against the
China coast might be "a bright
idea"
That was one day after the
news leaked out that Gen. Eisen-
hover would issue such an order
in his State-of the Union mes
sage. The order came in the
message on February 2.
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Program EnIists Schools
lin Aviation Observance

Leading educators and avia-
ton authorities. are developing a
program for schools throughout
the country to take part in the
year-long 50th anniversary COM
memoration of the Wright
brothers first fight. This was
announced yesterday by 1t. Gen.
James H. Doolittle, Air Force,
retired.
He is chairman of the National
Committee to Observe the 50th
Anniversary Of Powered Flight.
The educators, of national,
Evening star., 1953-02-12
John Blondford, Jr.,
Quits Post at U. N.
Ry ihs As,esicfad Pros,

UNITED NATIONS. N. r, Feb.
l2.-John Blandford, jr.. head Of
the United Nations Middle East
Relief and Works Agency since
July 1851, will give up his post
next March /, the U. N. said
yesterday.
Mr. Blandford was United
States national housing admins
traitor during the war, Budget
Bureau assistant director. and
IVA general manager for six
years. His future plans were not
announced.
Evening star., 1953-02-12

local and government organiza-
tions, have set UP an executive
subcommittee of the national
committee to carry out one Of
the latter's detectives, the educa-
ton of youth in aviation. ;'
DR.. Herold c. Hunt. general
superintendent of schools in Chi!
cago Is chairman of the educa.
tional subcommittee.
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Scoutmuster to Be Honored

Archie w. Davis of 644 South
Twenty-f1fth street, Arlington,
will be honored for 40 years Of
service as q scoutmaster by
Troop 2 Of Washington and
Troop 119 Of Arlington at $3.50
pm. tomorrow in Calvary Meth
odist Educational Building. 2300
South Grant street.
Evening star., 1953-02-12
Church Groups Plan Dance

The combined societies Of st.
Jerome's Catholic Church viii
sponsor a pre-lenten card party
and dance tomorrow at $3.50 pm.
in the school auditorium at sos
Forty third avenue, Hyattsville.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1953-10-23
Home Of Azalea Garden" !:
PEANUTS GROWN IN
ISRAEL EXPECTED TO
YIELD l.600 POUNDS
PER ACRE

BEERSHEBA, - QIP) - The
peanut harvest began last week
in the south of the country.
This will be the first large
harvest of peanuts to be grown
in Israel. Covering approximately
500 acres. the peanuts were sown
experimentally. If these paintings
prove successful, plans for the
cultivation of the nuts on an ex-
tensive scale will be supplemented.
Growers anticipate an average
yield of 1000 pounds per acre.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1953-10-23

In criticism, Hardy ranks above
the journalist or poetic dramatist.
AS a critic, he would have made a
high contribution to the Ameri-
can letters of his day had his
span of life lasted longer than 40
years. Observations on drama,
acting, Shakespeare, actors, and
the production of plays show his
keen insight of dramatic values.
His wide range reveals classic
scholarship extending from
Homer to Sir Walter Scott. Essays
on criticism, on the discovery of
printing, on the value of the
classics in university education
demonstrate his varied reading
and extensive background. During
a brilliant literary period, when
Byron, Shelly, Keats, Scott,
Wordsworth and Coleridge domi-
nate the English constellation,
Isaac Hardy is heralded by the
London Times as the finest dra-
matte critic in America.
Yet Harby's fame rests on his
attempt to reform American Ju-
daism. The time and place seemed
propitious. Of the 5000 Jews on
both sides of the Mississippi, a
fifth resided in Charleston. This
community, losing touch with the
old world, was in danger of stu1-
LITIGATION. The American Revolu-
ton, the Napoleonic Wars, the
second round with England had
virtually stopped immigration.
AS yet there existed little or no
Jewish writings in any modern
language. Leopold Zunz was just
beginning to publish his Judische
Wissenshaft in German. There
being no ordained rabbis in the
U.S.A. Few knew sufficient He
brew to understand the weekly
portion of the Torah read every
Sabbath. The service was long,
tedious, repetitious, without choir
or sermon, and partly in Portu-
guese Ladino. Discipline in the
Sephardic congregation was en-
forced with despotic rigidity. Re-
form was overdue.
Isaac Hardy, no theologian and
without solid Jewish learning pro-
ceeded cautiously. He drew up
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1953-10-23

Harry T. Madison of Detroit,
Mich, newly elected national
commander of the Jewish War
Veterans of the United States,
has pledged "an intensive effort
this year to achieve enactment
on Federal and State levels of
civil rights and anti-discrimina-
ton legislation and revision of the
iniquitous McCarran-Walter i'm
migration law"
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1953-10-23
AGREEMENT WITH U. S.,
ENGLISH INVESTORS TO
BOOST ISRAEL. FILMS

sHERZLIA, QIP) = The Israel
Motion Picture Studios, Ltd,
have reached an agreement with
a group of English and American
investors in order to enlarge their
capital and activities in Israel.
The new agreement will enable
the production of full-length fea-
ture films in the country.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1953-10-23
PALATKA, FLORIDA
Isaac Hardy, The Jew Of
Charleston, South Carolina

Memorial for the trustees Of K. K.
Beth Elohim to shorten the serv-
ice, to translate the more signifi-
cant prayers into English, and to
introduce an English sermon.
Reasonable requests! Tho signed
by AZ members, the vestry laid
the petition on the table without
discussion. On Nov. 81, 1924 the
petitioners organized the first Re-
form Society of Israelites on the
American continent. Curiously
enough, these modest reforms, /"
rejected with such disdain, are in
use today in the most orthodox
synagogues.
The discourse of Isaac Hardy at
the Reformed Society's anniver-
sary attracted wide attention and
drew letters of praise from such
eminent personalities as Chancel-
lor Edward Livingston and Tho
mas Jefferson. But at home he
was subject to the usual animosi-
ties that pursue any religious re-
former. After his wife's death, he
forsook Charleston, moved his
nine children to New York and
again opened a school. His pres
tige as critic was mounting daily
when he suddenly died on cross
ing his 10th birthday. The New
York Mirror, then the leading
literary paper declares editorially
on Dec. 81, 1928:
'The death of this accomplish
ed scholar and able writer has
awakened great and merited re-
gret in the circle of his friends
and admirers. Possessing vast &C.
quirements in classical learning,
endowed with a chaste and re-
fined sensibility and gifted with
a lively and active imagination,
he was highly successful in his
literary pursuits. AS a critic he
was considered unrivaled in this
country"
The Charleston reformers could
never fill the void caused by the
loss of their moving spirit. Four
years after his demise, the Re-
formed Society of Israelites dis
banded. The rebels returned to
K. K. Beth Elohim and a genera
ton had to intervene before Isaac
M. Wise took up where Isaac
Hardy left off.