davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-07
BY Thomas R. Henry
Science Editor Of The Stor

The Pacific has become about
a mile deeper in the course of
the last 100000. 900 years.
It looks ''as if the bottom had
dropped out of the floor of the
ocean sometime in the meso-
zoic." DR.. Roger Revelle. leader
of the Capricorn expedition of
the ScrippS Institution of Ocean
ography, told the American Geo.
physical Union at its closing
meeting here yesterday.
The union adopted a resolution
stating its opposition ito all at
tempts to interfere with work of
scientific agencies for other than
scientific motives" Although no
specific cases were mentioned,
this obviously referred to the Bu-
reau of Standards.
Geophysical evidence gath
cred by the Capricorn expedi-
ton, partially financed by the
Office of Naval Research, in
dicates that some time early
in that long succession of
geological ages from the first
appearance of reptiles to the
ascendency of mammals on
earth, there was a great out
pouring of lava from the planets
great depths. This was accom-
panied by Seeping of water from
the sub-crustal rocks which is
still under way.
Is Still Under Way.
DR.. Revelle characterized 1t
as "a terrestrial revolution which
still is underway"
The Capricorn expedition, the
last of four sent out to explore
the floor of the Pacific, concen-
trated on the area between the
Equator and the Tropic of Cap
ricorn. This includes a great
deal Of the South Pacific, in
cluding such island chains as
the Marshalls, Fijis, Samoa and
the MarquesaS. Especial atten-
tion was paid to the great Tonga
trench. extending roughly from
Samoa to New Zealand. This
depression reaches depths of
more than $4,000 feet and thus
is probably the deepest part of
the sea. At places it is only
about 2 miles wide.
Much of the expeditions work
was devoted to experiments
which eventually may explain
how this feature of the planets
surface came into existence. DR..
Revelle emphasized that he was
giving only a preliminary report
and that the results have not
yet been analyzed.
Broken by Mountains.
The great chaSm is broken by
sea mountains, some of which
may be among the highest on
earth. Depth findings showed
that one had an altitude of
about $1,000 feet from the bot
tom of the trench to it's pin
nacled crest. This makes it al
most a rival of Mount Everest.
1t Is probably. DR.. Revelle said,
a great volcanic cone which pre-
Sumably has arisen some time
after the creation of the Tonga
rift.
The trench is lined by ridges.
rising to within about $500 feet
OF the surface and broken with
Inhabited islands. The bottom of
the great depth probably is very
rough, bare rock. The Capricorn
scientists were unable to get any
cores representing sediments. AL
though they were able to get
dredging apparatus to the bot
tom all they succeeded in getting
up were fragments of rock.
Among the new geographical
features found were several sub
merged coral atolls which are
believed to have been at eleva-
tions of 200 feet or more above
Evening star., 1953-05-07
Drew Pearson Denies
He Ordered Report 10
Justice on LitteII

Drew Pearson today disclaimeti
responsibility for reports made
to the Justice Department that
Norman M. Littell had propa-
gandized in behalf of the Dutch
government.
Mr.. Pearson was testifying at
the trial of 100000 consolidated
libel and defamation suits filed
against him by Mr.. Littell, a
former Assistant Attorney Gen.
eral under Francis Biddle.
Mr.. Littell asserts he was
libeled in a Pearson column
which stated that the Justice De-
partment was investigating re-
ports that Mr.. Littell was active
in behalf of the Netherlands
government. although not, regis
tered as foreign agent.
Complains of Broadcast.
Mr.. Littell also asserts he was
DETAINED in a Pearson broadcast
which said that Mr.. Littell, then
an attorney for the Polish EN-
bassy. had arranged to get Com
munist Polish officials aboard the
liner Batory ahead of the United
States immigration agents in
vestigating the escape of Com
munist Gerhard Eisler in 1949.
During the trial it has been
testified that a man identified
as Fred Blumenthal. said to have
been an employe of Mr.. Pear
son, had made the propaganda
charges against Mr.. Littell, to the
Justice Department.
May Have Volunteered.
Today the columnist said he
did not authorize Mr.. Blumenthal
to volunteer any information to
the Justice Department. He said
that the assistant may have
been an eager beaver, he may
have volunteered information.
The case is being heard before
Federal Judge Charles F. Nc
Laughlin and a jury in the U. S.
District Court for the District of
Columbia.
Mr.. .Littell Is represented by
Attorneys Edward B. Williams
and Murdaugh Madden. Attor-
neys H. Graham Morrison and
Samuel Abrams represent Mr..
Pearson.
Evening star., 1953-05-07

Bad weather today threatened
to force President Eisenhower to
use train instead of plane to
go to New York for speeches to-
night at the dinner of the Re-
publican State Committee in the
Astor and Waldorf-Astor Ho-
tells.
White House Secretary James
c. Haggerty announced just be-
fore l o'clock that it was "vir-
tually certain" that the plane
trip would be Cancelled and that
Gen. Eisenhower would instead
leave by special train at sos
pm. This will put him in New
York around $3.50.
Mr.. Haggerty explained that
the cost of the special for the
President will be borne by the
New York State committee
which it has been announced,
would have financed the flight
by commercial airline because of
the political nature Of the trip.
If the weather lifts the Presi-
dent will go through with his
plan to leave here about 1880 by
Evening star., 1953-05-07
Floor of Pacific Has Dropped
A Mile, Geophysicists Told

sea level within the relatively
recent past.
Altogether the expedition sur
veyed approximately 100000
square miles of sea bottom hith-
erto almost completely unknown.
Evening star., 1953-05-07
Tux Rates Vary With AGE

HELSINKI. - Tax rates go
down in Finland as taxpayers
grow older. Rates are highest
for 24-year-olds,
Evening star., 1953-08-23
Brazil, Peru Presidents
Open Rio Talks tuesday
By the Asseeiated Press

RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil,
Aug. 22.-Two of Latin Ameri-
cas- most powerful men-Presi-
dents Getulio Vargas of Brazil
and Manuel Odria of Peru-will
meet here Tuesday for talks
expected to have important re-
suits both for their own nations
and the continent.
One result may be closer
economic cooperation between
Brazil and Peru. This could in
clude agreements for the ex-
change Of free ports, and for
greater trade.
Another could be the issuance
of a joint declaration reaff1rm-
ing their nations belief in the
principles of Pan-Americanism
as opposed to regionalism.
This last could be an answer
to the recent economic agree
ment between Argentina and
Chile. The suspicion has arisen
here. although denied by both
Argentina and Chile, that the
agreement has political over
tones.
Evening star., 1953-08-23
iBocterioIHeortDi Disease Deaths
Cut by Big Doses of PenicilIin

matte conquests of penicillin,
In that an infection many scien-
lists thought would never be sus-
ceptible to cure proved to be
so when one was willing to be-
come heroic in the treatment and
when one began to understand
the more intimate mechanisms
of what was going on in the
organism"
DR.. Hunter, a pioneer in the
use of antibiotic drugs, said a
combination OF penicillin and
streptomycin seems to be most
effective in killing the bacteria
of endocarditiS.
Evening star., 1953-08-23
BY the Associated Press

DR.. Thomas Hunter, dean of
the University of Virginia's
School of Medicine, said yester-
day that "heroic" doses of pen
icillin have proved effective in
treating heart disease that has
almost always been fatal in the
past.
He discussed the treatment on
a scientific program broadcast
by CHS, Adventures in Science. "
The disease is bacterial endo-
carditis, which DR.. Hunter said
previously had resisted treatment
because the bacteria were ac-
tually inside the heart. Some
medical men despaired Of a cure.
But after a long series of ex-
periments with very large doses
on penicillin, DR.. Hunter re-
ported, it was discovered that
it was possible to eradicate the
bacteria
"Penicillin seems to be able
to eliminate the bacteria" he
said. It's a killing agent.
This was one of the most dra-
Evening star., 1953-08-23
Forum on EquuIity

George Butler, vice president
of the Washington Urban
League, will discuss progress
toward equality of economic op-
portunity' at an open forum in
st. Peter Claver Center, 814
Seventh street S.W., at 8 pm.
tomorrow.
Evening star., 1953-08-23
Lost chance to save from 1920 to 60% on
Dreomhouse Furniture, Bedding and Carpets
Bedroom.
Fabulous Reductions on
HALE Furniture

Hale heodboord,
6'6" wide, green
and gold, arm
rests -- 7S0 .OO lSS.J0
c ON m d e, Old
World white and
gold, 3 drowers- 3Oe.5O SS.0S
Complete bee,
peach satin heod-
board, oversized
mattress and box
spring and frone e95.OO 1890
Heodboord, o'6"
wide, brown but
ton covered 1900 $500
Fireplace mirror,
42x36, antique
gilt frome--- 1895 SS.0S
Fireplace or buffet
mirror, Chinese
gold motif with
four shelves, 4
#. by 5 ft.----- 37o.o5 99.95
Evening star., 1953-08-23
Sofas


Modern fu-leneth foam
rubber sofo--------S4O5 % $I99.OO
Modern SOTO, low back,
lime (MueIIer) - 48oOO 240.OO
Modern SOTO, button
tufted arms, brown or
green modern fobric- $500 2I0.SS
ArnIess love seat, toost
brown - $3.50 39.9s
3-Cushion modern SOTO,
qreen motlosse ----- 1925 16S.S0
Love scot, Kane arms,
coral or grey------- 1895 $3.50
2-Cushon SOTO, modern,
toost fabric ----- 33O75 IS9.S0
Love scot, floral tapestry
boucIe .-- 1880 1925
Soto, green, tight scot,
button back ------- 2O4.95 S9.0S
Love scot, all foam rub
Der --------- 25e.95 1898
Love seat all foam rub
Der, ormIess style 229.OO 1925
Tuxedo SOTO, curved arm
style, gold -------- 4O9.5O 2O9.OO
Provincial sofa, green, 3
cushions ---------- 5S9.0O AOO'0O
Evening star., 1953-05-27

India, Czechoslovakia, Poland,
Switzerland and Sweden-be
taken by unanimous vote. Ac-
cording to Seoul, this demand
has now been dropped because
it was unacceptable to the
Reds. Any decisions about
the balky prisoners would be
a majority vote in which India
would have the final say-so.
Should these statements be
confirmed, the "show down"
with the Reds mentioned in
statements from our head
quarters in Tokyo will actually
be regarded throughout Asia
as an American defeat.
Because Of the many dra-
matte developments which
have occurred in the last two
years, many people have for
gotten that tens of thousands
of Chinese and North Korean
fighters have surrendered to
us because they trusted Amer
ica's word.
Millions of leaflets were
dropped over the enemy lines
at the height of the battle
promising those who wished to
surrender full guarantee that
they would not have to go
back to their homeland once
they gave themselves up. This
was an American promise de-
vised in Washington by the
psychological section in the
Pentagon. 1t is assumed that
the Joint Chiefs of Staff have
approved this offer, since our
Air Force was given the task
of dropping the cordial invi-
tation."
Because Of this pledge. we
have determinedly refused in
the past to yield on the POW
question. It was conceived as
a piece of propaganda to
worry the enemy commanders
just as was the recent offer
by Gen. Mark Clark of $780,
900 for the first MIG pilot to
surrender his plane, and $780,
600 for each succeeding one.
But it paid much better divi-
dends. Tens of thousands of
Red officers and soldiers came
over. We did not offer them
any cash rewards. as Gen.
Clark did to the pilots. We
merely told them that they
would not be forced to return
to their Communist oppressors
but would be given asylum in
Evening star., 1953-05-27
DorothY Ihon7pson:
Pravdo Wasn't ToIkinq to Us
Editorial Was Aimed at Putting u. S. in Difficult Spot;
We Have Failed to Gird for q Diplomatic Offensive

mutual respect Of German
neutrality.
withdrawal Of occupation
troops.
Removal of German barriers
to trade East as we'll as West.
Conclusion of a peace treaty.
Irrespective of American re.
actions, such concrete propo.
sails will, in great probability.
make it impossible for the
Adenauer government success
fully to defend its present for
eign policy in the election CAM
paign. One can also anticipate
further demonstrations Of q
change" in Russia, along the
line of the release Of the Mos
COW doctors and William Oats.
With our emphasis on
defense preparations against
Russian military aggression,
the United States has failed to
prepare itself for a major Dip
lomatic offensive. Mr.. Church.
i'll referred to "Locarno." But
some Germans, by no means
Communists. are recalling Ra-
pallo. It is significant that
the West German publication
Merkur should just have Is
sued a thorough study Of the
events leading to the Rapallo
agreement (between Germany
and the Soviet Union In May.
1920. especially stressing the
role Of German military lead.
erS In furthering the agree
ment.
Evening star., 1953-05-27
Fletcher Knebel:
Potomac Fever

Romanan diplomat for trying
to backma American into spying for the Reds America is
barren ground for Romanian espionage agen-most Of the
secrets already have been transpanted to Russia.
blasts Americas latest peace offer the
Asiac Reds We can't please everybody all the timebut 1t
would be nice to please just anybody sometime.
The Agriculture Department asks to support potato
prices AS Secretary Benson is expected
order smaller agpoes for the deparmenso people won't
notice he's flying his free enterprise banner at half mast
Chairman Mitchell the Democrats advocated lowering
the voting 8 before the Republicans did Democrats like
em youngtheye always good for election before they
start earning their living.
The House boosts health welfare funds by SIS million
advocates said vitaso they'd have first
aid left for themselves.
The Eisenhower team reports it cut of 2100O Federal
employees last month The effect the Government elec
trc-25 million remaining employees still suffering from
acute shock.
Deputy Defense Boss Kyes Russia slipping in
duction of potential It's harder slip in America In fact
the Government had buy 10000 tons of butter just
the skids for the Air Force.
Evening star., 1953-05-27

muda with the British and
French Prime Ministers on the
heels of a setback in foreign
policy at the hands of Con-
gress. Such a setback would
have much greater impact
abroad than here. The trade
agreements are more impor-
tant to them concretely and
are vastly significant as a
sign that the United States
will not retreat into isolation.
Supporters Of the trade
agreements believe that, even
now. strong White House lead
ership would muster a BIZ
partisan majority for the one
year extension sought by the
President.
In the beginning, the prob
lem was apparently not fully
realized at the White House.
Republican free traders de-
clare no Republican member
of Ways and Means was
approached to introduce the
version desired by the Presi-
dent. The author of the pro-
tective tariff substitute is
Representative Simpson of
Pennsylvania, chairman Of the
House Campaign Committee.
The administration now says
1t would rather have no bill
than the Simpson bill.
At a G. O. P. strategy
conference. Speaker Martin
squarely challenged Mr.. Simp-
son with the statement:
You're our campaigning chair
man, you've got to go along"
Mr.. Simpson said he didn't
see it that way.
Next weeks hearings should
shed some light on the amount
Of support that can be had
for the Eisenhower tax pro-
gram. Many Republicans are
distinctly bearish on that one
too.
Evening star., 1953-05-27
Reds Also Attack Mccarthy
Daily Worker Leads the Way in Assoing MoCorthysm';
Groups of Churchmen, Educators and Liberals Follow

among the most recent to
join the good fight against
McCarthyism are the National
Council of Churches in the U.
S. A., the, Commission of Jus
tice and Peace of the Central
Conference of American Rab-
bis, 200 members of Princeton
University's faculty, the Ma
tional Education Association.
Bishop G.. Bromley Oman,
Amherst Alumni Association Of
Washington.
Those who, under McCar-
thyism fire. couple their dis
avowal of Communism
with an accommodating attack
on the Communist Party are
strengthening McCarthy's big
lie. McCarthyism's stock in
trade is the lie that commu-
nism is an imminent and NOR
tai threat to the country"
Still another headline, this
one on Monday, May IS, reads:
Call for Big Four Farley;
Fight Back on McCarthyism."
Then the main dispatch. dis
played across the front page.
tells about the three-day con-
vention in Washington of the
Americans for Democratic Ac-
ton. which called for a fight
on McCarthyism.
With praise for Harvard
University, the Daily Worker
says in its May 81 issue:
"The refusal of Harvard
University to play BALI with
the democracy-killing goons of
the Velde Jenner Mccarthy
committees by firing three fac
ulty members crucified by the
witch hunters is an encourag-
ing sign"
The Daily Worker, moreover,
attributes to Mccarthy every
thing that the Eisenhower ad-
ministration does-a technique
that is being followed by many
other persons who are trying
to exaggerate "McCarthyism'
Evening star., 1953-05-27
Constantine Brown:

The South Korean govern
ment is reliably reported to
have received the new allied
proposals to the Reds only one
hour before they were to be
delivered to the enemy. This
explains only partially the an
ger OF the Seoul government,
which feels strongly that the
allied headquarters might have
had the courtesy to inform it
OF the latest armistice terms.
Instead of telling the pro-
posal to the head of the coun-
try which has been utterly
devastated in its fight for free
dom, the allied headquarters
blandly announced that the
South Korean representative
had missed the helicopter
which took the other United
Nations representatives to Pan
munjom.
But what worries President
Syngman Rhee and the elected
representatives of the South
Korean Republic is that, under
pressure from Western Europe,
America may now be willing to
swallow the Red terms-except
for face-Saving devices-and
force South Korea to follow the
path of Poland.
President Eisenhower tried
to reassure the worried Ko-
reanS last night when he
stated the United Nations prin-
ciple Of no repatriation by
force, no coercion or intimida-
ton of the POWS, and a limit
to the period of their captivity
would not be subject to
change"
Because of the secrecy sur
rounding the latest allied pro-
posals, it would be unfair not
only for the honor but also for
the interests of this country
to assume that the suspicious
of the South Koreans have
no foundation in truth.
According to Seoul reports,
the allies no longer insist that
North Korean prisoners of war
be freed in South Korea after
the armistice Is signed. More
over, say these same sources,
the ultimate fate of those
POWs who refuse to return to
their Communist lands will be
determined by the United Ma
tions General Assembly.
We insisted as late as last
week that all decisions of the
f1ve-nation armistice team
Evening star., 1953-05-27

mittee will be at work during
the next six months on a new
tax system for the Federal
Government. The object is to
have a bill ready for the next
session of Congress in Janu-
airy. The Ways and Means
ommittee has scheduled
public hearings to begin about
the middle of June.
A general Federal sales tax
will be invitingly and seduc-
lively presented.
But no one should fall for
this Trojan tax horse.
Simple arithmetic shows
that a sales tax hits hardest
the person of modest and
small means. 1t bears heavily
on wage-earners. The rate is
the same for poor and rich:
but the former spends a much
larger proportion of his in
come for the necessities of
life. on which he would pay a
sales tax, than does the person
of substantial means.
We have many sales taxes
now, Of course. They are
politely called excise taxes.
These are mostly on luxury
items, though there are excep-
tions; among them, cigarettes
and gasoline. The general
sales tax is promoted as a part
Of our Federal revenue system
by some of the same people
and interests which are now
trying to put a Is per cent
automatic top limit on income
tax rates by means Of an
amendment to the Constitu-
ton. This last campaign still
is short of success; but the
sales tax offers another me-
dium of relief, meanwhile.
Hitherto, Congress has been
cool toward proposals for a
general Federal sales tax.
Only once has q real effort
been made to levy such q tax.
Evening star., 1953-05-27
Doris FIeeson:

The search is still going for
ward on Capitol Hill for magic
formulas which will give Presi-
dent Eisenhower what he has
asked for on taxes. trade and
Taft Hartley revision but
avoid advertisement of the
split in the Republican Party.
So far none have been
found. To the insistence Of
COP. leaders that an Eli
6enhower record Of accom-
plishment is vital to the
party's continuing success, vet
eran legislators reply:
I'VE voted and campaigned
against present taxes. We
fought reciprocal trade and
devised the peril point amend
ments. We put over the Taft
Hartley Act. You figure out
how we are going to explain
ourselves in our districts if we
turn around and vote for the
Eisenhower program"
The result is an atmosphere
of stalemate in which it is
beginning to be said that the
best thing to do is to let the
whole thing slide and, like
Scarlet O'Hara, think about it
tomorrow.
Democratic policy is to stand
and wait. The minority will say
plenty after it sees the way
the cat jumps, but meanwhile
the word Is to lie low.
Presidential authority to ne
gotiate trade agreements ex-
pireS June IL but the House
Ways and Means Committee,
which has closed its hearings,
has scheduled no executive
sessions for work on the bills
before 1t. Instead, 1t will open
hearings next week on extern
sion Of the excess profits tax.
Thus, there Is a real pros
pect that the President will 60
to his June meeting in Ber-
Evening star., 1953-05-27
Horton Case Brings
Plan
To State Department
By Cecil HoIIond

The State Department has re-
vised its procedures on Presi-
Dental appointments after the
clearance fiasco over the ap-
pointment Of Mrs. Mildred
McAfee Horton as a United
States delegate to the United
Nations Economic and Social
Commission.
This was disclosed yesterday by
Acting Secretary of State Walter
Bedell Smith in a letter to
Senator Jackson, Democrat, of
Washington.
Gen. Smith said it was difficult
for him to express the extent of
his regret over the fact that Mrs.
Horton. wartime commander of
the WAVES and former president
Of Wellesley College, did not re-
ceive clearance to attend the
commissions meeting May 4 to
May %.
Backs FBI Disclaimer.
The Acting Secretary's letter
indicated the clearance of Mrs.
Horton for the position to which
she was appointed by President
Eisenhower was snarled up in
State Department red tape.
1t clearly supported the Fed
eral Bureau Of Investigation's
position that the clearance was
not delayed in that agency.
Bertha Adkins, assistant chair
man Of the Republican National
Committee. gave the delay in an
FBI check as the reason for the
failure Of the appointment to
clear In time.
The Department Of State" -"
Gen. Smith wrote. requested an
FBI investigation on Mrs. Hor-
ton March 13. That report was
transmitted and received in our
Office Of security on April 16,
which was excellent time con-
sidering the extensive and COM
plete nature Of these investiga-
tions. It was necessary to evalu-
ate the report, and it was put
through the regular routine
given all presidential appointees,
which in this case took 10 days.
Watching Deadlines Now.
"Since all Presidential ap-
pointments are afforded top
priority. it was not previously
considered necessary to give
special priority to cases involv-
ing a deadline. We now have
set up a system to take care of
situations such as this"
Gen. Smith did not reveal
what procedures within the de-
partment caused the delay in
handling the top priority of a
Presidential appointment. He
said that when it became ap-
parent that the nomination
could not be processed in time
for the opening session Of the
commission that "it seemed
best" to have James Wadsworth,
U. S. deputy representative to
the United Nations, take the
assignment.
II have, personally" Gen.
Smith wrote. "the highest re-