davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-11-25
George K. Spoor, 81,
Film Industry Pioneer
BY the Associoted Press

CHICAGO, Nov. 25.-George
K. Spoor, 81, a pioneer in the
motion picture industry in Chi
cago who gave many stars of
the silent films their start, died
yesterday in his home.
Mr.. Spoor and Gilbert M.
(Broncho Billy Anderson found
ed the Essanay Film Co. in 1897
Stars who started their movie
careers on the Essanay lot on
Argyle street included H. B.
Walthal, Gloria Swanson, Wal
lace Beery, Francis x. Bushman
and Charles Chaplin.
The Essanay lot was closed in
1916 when the motion picture
industry started in Hollywood.
Mr.. Spoor, who was president
of the company, also was promi-
nent as an inventor of movie
equipment. He was credited
with making one of the first
projection machines that en-
abled filmed pictures to be
flashed on a screen.
Mr.. Spoor worked for years
on a three-dimenSion film
process, which he called natural
vision" In 1880 he produced
Danger Lights" under that
Stereoscopic process. However,
a fortune was lost in attempts
to put the three -dimensional
films on the market.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
L. Wade Ball, Is,
darlington County

E. Wade Ball, 76, former treas
urer of Arlington County, died
yesterday at his home. 3435
North Fourteenth street, Arling-
ton, after a long illness.
He was deputy treasurer and
then treasurer of Arlington
County for IS years. For IT
years, until he retired because
OF i'll health about two years ago.
he was with the real estate firm
OF Lyon, Inc, in Arlington.
Surviving are two sons, Law
renee D. and Beverley L. Ball,
of the home address; two sis
tiers, Mrs. Maud B. Croson,
Falls Church, Va; Mrs. Nettie
B. Knott. 1926 Seventeenth
street NV, and three brothers,
H. Clark Ball, 5215 North WASH
ington boulevard, Arlington;
Frank L. Ball, 4527 North Seven
teenth street, Arlington, former
Virginia State Senator, and Dali
las D. Ball, of the Seventeenth
street address in Washington.
His wife was the late A. Maude
Lawrence Ball. whom he mar
ried in 1905.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
Harry Hammond, 80,
Prominent Mason,
Ice Company Official

Harry Hammond, 80, promi-
nent Alexandria Mason and vice
president of the Mutual Ice Co.,
died Monday in Alexandria Hos
pital. He lived at 80 North
View terrace, Alexandria.
Mr.. Hammond was formerly
on the Alexandria School Board
for two terms around 1915. He
had served on various civic COM
mittees in his native Alexandria
and was active in restoring
Gadsby's Tavern.
He was on the board of di-
rectors OF the First National
Bank.
He was past president of the
Eastern States Ice Association
and the Virginia Ice Manufac-
turers' Association.
Cut Ice From Canal.
Mr.. Hammond started in the
ice business with his father.
James William Hammond. a
Civil War veteran, who was in
Mosby's Confederate raiders.
Often he and his father cut ice
from the old canal that ran
through Alexandria near North
washington street. Before ice
making machinery existed, the
company had ice shipped from
Maine on four-masted schooners
that docked at the foot of King
street.
In 1900. the firm merged with
the Reardon Ice Co. to form the
Mutual Ice Co. The company is
located at 1900 North Henry
street.
Mr.. Hammond was a past
potentate of the Kena Temple
Shrine in Alexandria. He had
been a Mason for 54 years. He
organized and was president of
the Fifty Year Member Club.
Honorary Lodge Member.
He was made an honorary
member of Andrew Jackson Ma
sonic Lodge for his outstanding
work in the Alexandria vicinity.
He was an honorary member of
more than 80 Shrine Temples
throughout the country and held
membership in a number of
Scottish Rite Bodies.
He was also a member of
Mount Vernon Chapter of the
Royal Arch Masons, Alexandria
Shrine Club and the Arlington
Fairfax Shrine Club. He was
senior past commander of Old
Dominion Commandery, knights
Templar.
He was a member of Robert E.
Lee Camp of the Sons of the
Confederate Veterans, the Meth
odist Church, the Alexandria
Chamber of Commerce and
former member of the George
Washington Birthday Associa-
tion and the Alexandria Kiwanis
Club.
Survivors are two daughters,
Mrs. Nelson Snyder. jr., 3 Hunt
ing Cove, Belle Haven, Va; and
Mrs. Emmett S. Henderson, of
the home address: son, j.
Dulany Hammond, 18 West Oak
street, Alexandria, assistant
treasurer of the Mutual Ice Co.;
six grandchildren and five great
grandchildren His wife was the
late Mary Eta Cats Hammond.
Funeral services were to be
held at pm. today in Demaine's
funeral home, $40 South Wash
ington street, Alexandria, with
burial in Ivy Hill Cemetery.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
James B. Hughes, S.,
Hero in Bombing
OF Panay, Dies

Comdr. James j. Hughes, u.
S. NJ, retired. SIS, hero-com-
mander of the destroyer Panay
which was sunk by the japanese
in the Yangtze River in Decem-
ber. 1887. died here yesterday.
He was president of the Ter
minal Refrigerating & Ware
housing Corp. and the Consoli-
dated Terminal Corp. He lived
at 1910 North Quincy street,
Arlington.
Comdr. Hughes was the young
est graduate of the class of
1919 at the Naval Academy
which was graduated in 1918.
He retired from the Navy in
1945.
During World War I Comdr.
Hughes was on the destroyer
Worden. After the armistice he
had a year of shore duty in
France. He was on the battle
ship Nevada for year and spent
Evening star., 1953-11-25
Robert A. Lacey, Is,
Retired ice Official,
Valuation Expert

Robert A. Lacey, rs, former
director of the Bureau of Valua-
tion. Interstate Commerce Com
mission, died yesterday in Mobile,
Ala. He had lived in Mobile
since he retired from the ICC
in 1945.
Mr.. Lacey joined the ICC in
1914 and was one of the pioneers
in ethe commissions basic work
of setting values on properties
OF the Nations railroads. While
in the field service, with head
quarters at Chattanooga, Tenn.
he participated in developing the
history of the physical property
and corporate organization of
railroads in the Southern district.
About 1921 he transferred to
Washington and was in charge
of the preparation and defense
of valuation accounting reports
on Southern roads. He was made
Evening star., 1953-11-25

six years in submarine service,
during which he commanded
the Ola and RIB. For three
years he was on the cruiser
Pensacola. He was with the
Asiatic Fleet for two years and
on the oil tanker Laramie.
He received the Navy and
Marine Corps Medal for saving
the attack transport U. S. S.
Electra during the assault on
French Morocco in November,
1912"
Comdr. Hughes had been on
duty at the Naval Academy, Ma
val War College in Newport, r.
l., the Navy Department, and
the Sd and 5th Naval Districts
in New York and Norfolk, Va,
respectively.
When the Panay was shattered
by Japanese bombs, Comdr.
Hughes was wounded when a
bomb struck the bridge about
three feet from him. He did not
relinquish command of his ship,
however. He got to shore in a
lifeboat. Afterwards he received
a letter of appreciation from the
Secretary of the Navy for his
conduct on the occasion.
Comdr. Hughes was a men,
ber of the Army and Navy town
and country clubs. Potomac
Hunt Club, Players in New York
and a former member of the
Larchmont Yacht Club in New
York.
After he was made president
of the refrigeration corporation
in June, 1945, he was elected
a director in the National Bank
of Washington.
He was married in Washington
in 1886 to the former Katharine
Brown, who made her debut
in 1885.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
Egbert Corwin, 10,
Arlington Resident

Egbert E. Corwin, 70, a resi-
dent of the Washington area for
many years, died Monday night
in his home at 1922 South Ives
street, Arlington, Va.
Mr.. Corwin WAS born in Penn
sylvania and came to this area
when he was a small boy. He
was graduated from the old
Business High School. He re-
tired recently from a job in the
public debts section of the
Treasury Department.
Mr.. Corwin served in the Army
during World War I. He was q
Mason and a member of the
American Legion.
Survivors include his wife, a
daughter, Mrs. James v. Holland,
of West Hyattsville, and a
brother, Royal E. Corwin of
Washington.
Funeral services will be held
at 10:30 am. Friday in the
Robert Humphreys funeral home.
Bethesda, with burial in Arling-
ton Cemetery.
Evening star., 1953-11-25

head auditor of property
changes, and then director of
the Bureau of Valuation.
Mr.. Lacey was born in Bolton,
Miss. He was a member of
AthelStan Masonic Lodge in
Mobile, Albert Pike Consistory
here and life member of Almas
Temple and the Five Points Club
Of the ICC. He was an Epis-
copalian and member of Co.
lumbia Country Club.
Survivors are his widow. Mrs.
Maud Daughdrill Lacey; a
brother and several sisters.
Funeral services and burial
will be held tomorrow at the
Roche funeral home in Mobile.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
4n Mrntnrtaiii

THOMAS, EUGENIA v. A sacred and
sincere tribute of love in the memory
OF a devoted mother and grandmother.
EUGENIA v. THOMAS, who entered
into eternal rest two years ago today,
November 25. 1851.
Mother, who gave the best of her life
Who cherished our secrets. sorrows
and strife.
She taught us to love and also to pray
Our mother in Heaven, God bless heI
HER DEVOTED SON. HOWARD C.
THOMAS, Sr., AND GRANDCHIL-
DREN MRS. EVELYN J. MOSLEY
AND HOWARD c. THOMAS. Jr,
Evening star., 1953-11-25

1t. Yancey was in Korea about
10 months before he was
wounded. He recuperated in
Japan, came to Washington on
leave and since then had been
stationed at Camp Lejeune.
He also is survived by his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred
Yancey, and a brother, Harley,
all in Plumerville, and two
other brothers in Conway, Ark,
BERTHE and Clarence Yancey.
Funeral services will be held
at IL am. Friday at Fort Myer
Chapel. Burial will be in Ar
lington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
Mrs. Edouord MicheIin, 81

CLERMONT FERRAND,
France, Nov. 25 (A1.-Mrs. Ed
Guard Michelin, "a. widow of the
French induStrialist who was one
of the founders of the vast
Michelin Tire Manufacturing
Corp, died yesterday.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
1tt Mrntnriaitt

THOMAS, EUGENIA. In loving memory
of our dear wife and mother. EU-
GENIA THOMAS, who departed this
life two years ago today. November
25. 1851.
Gone, but not forgotten.
JAMES THOMAS AND FAMILY.
WHITE, ALTON p. In loving memory
of my husband and father, ALTON p.
WHITE. who passed away seventeen
years ago, November 25. 1886.
You will always be remembered
BY the ones who loved you best;
Loving memories never die.
Deep in my heart a memory Is Kept
OF one ! loved and will never forget.
LOVING WIFE. MARGARET WHITE.
AND THREE SONS.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
Frunk J. Cunninohum

DETROIT, Nov. 25 (4l.-Frank
j. Cunningham, So, editor of the
Catholic war veterans Michigan
News, died Sunday at his Dear
born home.
Evening star., 1953-11-25
CEMETERY LOTS.

PLOT OF 5 LOTS in very desirable sec
tion Of Fort Lincoln Cemetery; leaving
town and must sell Immediately. JU.
7-7624.
Evening star., 1953-11-25

FRANKLIN, WILLIAM y. OmSers ni1 an9
NA Post, No. IL. of the American
G5HSNeA Legion. are requested TO at
ENNlHE15 tend services for our late con- ON
EtSySSt2a rade. WILLIAM N. FRANK
pumphrey'S Funeral Home, Bethesda;
Md. Services by the National Guard
OF Honor. Interment on Frloay1 NO
vemoer 27. In Arlington Natlonal eene-
CHARLES C. JOHNSON. Adiutant. 26
FRENCH, JAMES EDWARD; s1addddenlytf
on Tuesday. November "a, 1908, at
nE his Tssids1%SeA Fp%ARp fREScH MSesP a Of
Amy ?. French and brother of Arthur
W. French. Notice of funeral later
GUREvITCH. LEAH, On TTfegsdaVyii TIfg TVirGG N3-
and Elias Gurevitch of Connecticut.
Funeral Fun services at the Bernard Pan, pan;
zansky & Son Funeral Home, .Ssr 35oI
Iaath. Il St nam Sm on 1nttrmsnt king David
Memorial Garden, Falls Church. va.
HAAS. MARGARET A. on Tuesday, No
yember "a 1858, MARGARET a. Haas,
beloved wife of the late FTsaeriSHi neTai
Hone; Home. 3G05 18th st. NV. on Friday, Friday;
PfUspeet PGSsmotr Hill Hill Cemetery G 20
HARRIS. MARIE. On Monday, Noyem-
bstal 6eT "a MARIE RE HhRRis a R Of sIS You St
NV, She is survived by her nus
band. Albert Harris; a son; Eltreth !:
washington; three srandcnll93renff ffr,ends eTnel
receives TfteI eS noon aoa Thursday, November 80
friends may call at her late residence:
Funeral services on Friday, November
81 at p5+cb pm: at RaW Sne EeOPle El@es GsSof Of
sfctating. Interment Lincoln Memosiai
Cemetery. ~
Evening star., 1953-11-25


dsgce sg Senns va a. NARY anne N heF REck Isf
TENWALD. beloved daughter Of James
Sister and Of ames Albert & and
King Funeral Home. Vienna. Va. at
Interment aq g AEinrton MhanesaAy NatiOnal ceme
REED, ETHEL MARIE. On Monday,
November %. 1853, at her home, 52o3
GzR f1sii is REEp fnsSs SseSsd sai's wife caeF
A Reed and mother Of Mrs. Milton
]. Bergstein and Mrs. Vernon Blades
Remains resting at the
Robert A. Pumphrey. Bethesda, Md.
SERVICES on Wednesday. November 25.
at Lao Pm nrI at The .S1 Chevy Chase d Pres
tsrment Arlington National Cemetery.
KICKER. ESTELLE ELGIN. On Tues
day. N9yem6er "a, 1858. at her resi-, !;
fi EIdfN R1cKER. beloved g5; 1i"'i mother q
Kicker; sister of Mrs. Thomas Z. Cope
mother of Michael F. and Ann ". Foley.
Funeral from the Collins Funeral Home,
@ PSI l4th St nv. on Friday, .n Noysm-
Vff Viiie. Va. AZ at t. 1aiso a p.ms e''n' "cs IS
Neysmsss h g. 1853. john On ROTH oTRo1s q
2714 9Th 81. NV. husband Of Eta
S. Roth, father. of Mrs. Donald r.
Parsons and Ralph John Roth. U: s.
A: F.. Friends may call at Gawler' s
Chapel, 1855 Pa. ave. NV, where
services will be held on Saturday, NO.
vember %. at 10 am. Interment
Fort Lincoln Cemetery. ~
SCHAEFFER. GEORGE WoRTHINGTON.
On Monday. November %. 1858. at
the Frederick Memorial Hospital,
GEORGE WORTHINGTON SCHAEFFER,
beloved husband Of Alice Loretta Val-
entine) Schaeffer Of Germantown, Nc. ;
SON Of the late Allen and Irene Schaef-
fer. father of Mrs. Royce watkins,
Mrs. Willard Main Of Cedar Grove, Md. :
Mrs. John Haines of Damascus. Nd,
and George Schaeffer. -ir.. of German
town. Md: brother of Mrs. James King
Of Dawsonville; Nd: Mr.. Richard
Schaeffer of Cedar Grove Md: Howard
Schaeffer of Hershey. Pa, and Allen
schaeffer OF Arizona; The late Mr.;
Schaeffer rests at GartnerS Funeral
Home. GaitherSburs, Nd. Funeral serv-
ices, viii be held on Thursday, No
Yember 90, At IL am. Interment Mount
Tabor Church Cemetery, Rocky Ridre
Nd.
Evening star., 1953-11-25

Grande Voiture, No. ia, Forty
an and Eight. are hereby notified
EN Of the death of Voyageur EG-
w BERT E. CORWIN. All Voy.
~ ageurs are requested to assemble
al Pumphrey's Funeral Parlors.
1857 Wisconsin ave, BetheSdS,
Md. on Thursday. November 20. lso5'
A. p'm-, where services will be con-
Quoted hy the National Guard of Honor
LANES c. CLARKE.
Grand Chef de Care.
Evening star., 1953-11-25

November "a, 1858, at his home h95 @1q S1qS )
ffAM GTssn'Fse n FRANKTIN. Beloved. husband
of Elizabeth M. Franklin. father oi
jude e, Ann f, W. 6tSse Nelson; ~ Vi Cba4Iea ana
u FRANKLIN, Remains resting at the
bethesda Chevy Chase Funeral Home o.
Robert A. Pumphrey. Bethesda Ma
Services on Friday. November ~ AZ ~. ~:
lane Frances De Chantal Catnonc
Church. Georgetown rd., where requiem
mass will be offered at 9;15 am. IN
ternent Arlington National CemeIeFS'
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-02-01
Try TO ovexzwoxk a IT.!
Hand feeding from the stack picking from the Window
you capacy of Hollands baler!

hay off your fields just at the right stage
of curing-store it with maximum per-
centage of protein-bearing leaves and
blossoms. This higher feed value means
extra money in your pocket, whether you
feed or sell.
Coll for q demonstration. If you have
stack or a NOW of long, loose hay right
now, ask your New Holland dealer to
bring out a ''77'' for a demonstration.
Prove to your own satisfaction that it's
the fastest, most dependable baler you
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-02-01

TEEDING loose hay from the stack,
L you'll break pitchfork before you
can overload the New Holland ''77." It's
the highest capacity twine-tie baler you
can buy. 1t packages up to 10 tons of hay
per hour ;. up to 100 tons in one day!
High speed for stationary baling pays
off in the field, too. The 's77'' takes the
windows big as they come, kicking out
up to seven square, firm, neatly sliced
bales per minute!
With speed like this you can clear the
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-02-01

can own. And if you decide to buy, buy
no1U. Your ''77'' can work for you all win
ter and be ready to go, come summer.
The New Holland Machine Company,
a subsidiary of The Sperry Corporation.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-02-01
Ask for New Holland Irvine! This Irvine is

TN~n s~a sNSW ttShaho hWfhCs
certified by the United States
pany to have met rigid stand
ards of Equality, uniformity and
strength. Look for the Seal
of Approval that's on every
bale of New Holland Irvine.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-10-30

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St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-10-30

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St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-10-30

$3.50 PER PouNo-Thats the
Brewing Angus champion
the Northwest Junior Livestock
ST. PAUL William C. Fsse Hamm president presented check for
$3645 Miss Mehe 90 Of Nieoet MINI,
interest livestock raising youth
Counsel
Cancer Home In St. Paul. noneetaan organization providing
fore tientso of his
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-10-30

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Evening star., 1953-10-22
|Ho|tzoff Sentences
z Robbers; Terms
Penalty Inadequate

Federal Judge Alexander Holt
zoff yesterday said he believes
the top penalty for armed rob-
berry is inadequate, as he gave
two men S to IS years each for
a $1O,916 payroll holdup-robbery
committed in September, 1852.
An armed robber, Judge Holt
zoff declared. Is a potential
murderer"
The two men, John D. Hines.
q, of the 200 block Of v street
NE, and James w. Thompson,
81, of the 1900 block Of Cham
plain street NV, were sentenced
Immediately after a jury found
them and a third man guilty. ALI
three are colored.
Sentence Postponed.
The third man is Linton Epps,
jr., 81, of the 100 block of Fifth
street NV, who police testified
was the lookout man. Judge
Holtzoff referred Epps' case to
the probation officer for investi-
cation, pending sentence, for
which no date was set.
II have feeling that the de-
gree of participation of Epps was
somewhat less" Judge Holtzoft
said.
Written confessions Of both
EppS and Hines were introduced
as evidence. The money was OBJ
tanned from the Office of the
Standard Construction Co., at
Fifteenth place and Alabama
avenue Sc, during the armed
holdup of the company'S time
keeper and paymaster, Jack
Rosenblatt.
Detective Sergts. James Roche
and Thomas Herlihy testified
that Thompson, a former en-
ploye of the company, had told
them orally he had the money
and intended to keep it.
On this score. Judge Holtzoff
described Thompson as the in
stigator of the crime and said
the defendant, according to his
own admission, concealed and is
still concealing the proceeds of
the robbery"
Judge Holtzof added he will
recommend to the parole board
that Thompson be required to
serve the full sentence. Thomp-
son indicated he intends to ap-
peal the conviction.
In Jail One Year.
Judge Holtzoff, in imposing
sentence, refused to make any
allowance for the time the men
already have spent in jail, where
they have been since September,
1852. The trial had been post
poned several times, once when
Epps had to have an operation.
Hines told Judge Holtzoff:
your honor, I have a wife
and four kids"
The court feels sorry for the
defendants family" Judge Holt
zof replied.
The trial was held in the q. S.
District Court for the District of
Columbia. The three were prose-
cuted by Assistant United States
Attorney Victor w. Caputy. It
took the jury about half an hour
to reach its guilty verdict.
Evening star., 1953-10-22
New Earth Iremors Rock
Stricken Greek Islands
BY the Assoeiatsd Press

ATHENS. Greece, Oct. pa
series of strong earth tremors
rockedthe already quake-stricken
islands in the Ionian Sea, in the
Peloponnesus area and along
Greece'S west coast last night.
Strongest hit apparently was
the Ionian island of Cephalonia
where scores lost their lives and
hundreds were made homeless in
a series of violent quakes last
August. Some damage was re-
ported, but no loss of life.
Kalamata, at the extreme
southern tip of the Peloponnesus
felt the shocks, as did several
towns in Western and Centra,
Greece and the Greek island OF
Corfu in the Adriatic Sea just
off Albania.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1953-08-13

tiers, Dean of Admissions at Franklin
and Marshall College.
On their return from a Today
honeymoon. being spent in Bermuda,
Ensign and Mrs. Kelly will make
their home in Frederick, where the
groom will go into business with his
father after he receives his discharge
from the U. S. Coast Guard in No.
vember.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1953-08-13

It's usually the nut that holds. the
wheel that causes accidents,
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1953-08-13

howie, Va, represented Maryland's
Korean war veterans at the annual
u. S. Governors Conference in
Seattle this week.
Corporal Campbell was selected
for the honor while serving in Korea
with the 7th Regiment of the 3rd In
fantry Division, and was brought to
the U. S. with AZ other combat vet
Grams, one from each state. Upon
their arrival in Seattle they met and
dined with the governors from their
respective states.
Upon completion of the guberna-
torial sessions on Friday, the soldiers
underwent processing, prior to re-
lease from active Army duty.
Corporal Campbell, a former stu
dent at Carnegie High School in
Marion, Va, arrived in Korea in No
vember 1852 and has been awarded
the Combat Infantryman Badge and
the UN and Korean Service Ribbons.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1953-08-13
More Are Getting
S. S. Benefits Here

Oldage insurance benefits were
awarded to about 800 persons in the
area serviced by the Hagerstown
social security Office during the first
six months of 1858, w. S. King, man
ager of the Hagerstown Office, an
nounced today
Nationwide, old-age benefits were
awarded to $4,000 during the year
1852. This figure was almost equal
to the number of old-age benefits
awarded during the entire 5-year
period 1940-44 = the first five years
that old-age insurance benefits were
paid.
King said that nearly one-half of
the awards made in 1852 were to
persons whose benefits are based on
earnings after 1850, when earnings
up to $4,000 year in work covered
by the law can be credited to an in
dividuars social security account.
Before 1851, the maximum that could
be credited in year to a social Sc
curity account was $4,000. Any per-
son with about year and half of
covered work after 1850 was eligible
for old-age benefit payments under
the new formula" if he reached age
IS and retired during 1852. All of
those who reach IS and retire before
July 1854 will need an additional six
months of covered work for every
year until he reaches the retirement
age.
After the 1852 amendments to the
law became effective in September
1852, the average old-age benefit
awarded was $58.11.