davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Constantine Brown:
New Political Lineup in Europe?
Recent Filtration Between Tito and krenIin Indicates
In Failing to Reduce Taxes as Was Promised

The mild Irritation started
several weeks ago between
President Tito Of Yugoslavia
and the Kremlin Is being
watched with interest by our
State Department. which sees
in this development an indica-
ton of the new political trends
in Western Europe.
Our allies are no longer
happy about the way the
United States Is handling
international problems. They
consider us too rigid and un-
willing to accept compromises
even if these may be only of a
temporary nature. They are
irked because we are unwilling
to accept Moscow's peace Of
fensive at its face value. And
they are particularly an
noyed because we are unwilling
to liQuidate the Korean war
at any price and be satisfied
with only a face-saving device
in the armistice talks.
Our allies are anxious to
eliminate the present political
military problems at the earli-
est possible moment and get
on with trading with the Com
munist countries. The concept
of diplomatic expediency is
now being strongly embraced
by our allies, although they
should know from bitter ex-
perience that its dividends in
the past have been blood and
tears.
Prime Minister Churchill
and opposition leader Attlee
caused a spectacular contro-
versy between London and
Washington last week. Be-
cause of the various bitter ex-
traneous matters which were
involved, the substance Of the
controversy was largely over
looked by the public. It was
the declaration of the two
British leaders that as soon as
an armistice was signed in
Korea the Communists in
Moscow and Peiping must be
appeased by acceptance of the
Chinese Communists into the
d, United Nations, which was the
crux of the angry debate. The
rest of the controversy was ir-
relevant.
Great Britain is now at the
point of resuming leadership of
the free nations across the At
lantic. a leadership which the.
political men of those nations
claim has been mishandled by
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Fletcher Knebei: -,
Potomac Fever

Ike tells the country why Immediate Is not
warranted It's all the Democrats fault They left awful
problem Washington-and about 200 million
Twenty Congressman witness atomic blast in
Nevada. They unanimously agreed it miracle weapon
overnight it changed twenty eight politicians into statesmen
Attorney General Browne that the administration
will not tolerate the selling of rs influence Judging by
relations with Congress- it's having enough trouble trying
to give the stuff away.
President Eisenhower extension Of high business
taxes Other business bulletins 20ndusty appauds
Ike by businessmen May 20-Indusy depores
Ike's government by bureaucrats.
House Ohio into the retroactive
l. 1903 Republicans the party with consciencetheye
spending most Of their time squaring history
The Senate denies President Eisenhower power to freeze
and prices peacetme Republican Senators
shouldn't be spending his time running the couny-when
could be spending it running.
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt leaves for three-month trip
around the world Mrs r. will be back by summeragow with
the redscovery of hundreds of ancient diemmas
Evening star., 1953-05-20

the last such agreement being
between Stain and Hitler.
Just why hostile or poten-
TALLY hostile states believe their
military security enhanced by
moving their frontiers closer to
each other is beyond my under
standing. But it is clear from
the disposition of Poland after
World War II that the So
viets we're bent on preventing
any future military alliance
between Poland and the West,
which could only effectively
be accomplished via Germany.
For the last war certainly
demonstrated that Poland can
not be liberated by Western
powers fighting Germany.
Poland, the immediate cause
of World War II, was, through
out, its victim.
The decision accepted by the
Western Allies at Yalta to
divide Poland for the fourth
time was in response to Soviet
demands.
Polish eastern provinces were
detached and added to the So
Wet Union, and German east
ern territories were detached
and awarded to Poland. The
Russian object obviously was
to put a permanent bone of
contention between Poland and
Germany; to make the new
Poland thus dependent on Rus
sian military protection; and
to hold Poland as a pawn,
possibly to sacrifice again for
another agreement with some
future Germany.
It is clear that the last
Eastern European state which
any Russian government would
allow a military and foreign
policy of her own is Poland.
No Eastern Europeans are less
Communist than the Poles;
none are more pro-Western in
Evening star., 1953-05-20

administration. finding itself
unable to become familiar with
budget-cutting possibilities af-
ter only four months in Office.
became apprehensive about
changing the tax laws at all
this calendar year and, in ef-
feet. asked for six months
grace in which to make up its
mind what to do.
The constitutional duty Of
Congress is to write the tax
laws-as many a President has
discovered before. II the Re-
publicans, who control both
houses, can't come up with a
better tax program than is
contained in the Eisenhower
message, they will have two
strikes against them in the
1854 congressional elections
and, so far as the start Of cam
paigning in primaries is con-
cerned, this means less than
II months IN which to do the
job.
What the Eisenhower ad-
ministration has failed to. do
also Is to realize that America
cannot arm the world and call
it national Defense" and that
our allies in Europe close to
Russia are much more willing
to assume the risks of q re-
duction in armament than
America is.
Since Britain, moreover, is
ready to take Communist China
unto its bosom and Churchill
is ready to fly to Moscow to
make a deal with Malenkov,
the least an American admin
istration might have done was
to revise drastically its require
ment for the defense of both
Europe and Asia. Foreign pol
icy is still lacking in basic
principle in determining the
real extent of Americas obli-
cations to allies who have
shifted the burden Of their de-
fense to the American people.
That may be the big issue in
the 1854 elections inside both
parties.
Reproduction Ri5hts Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Thomas L. Stokes:

How that vague figure
known as "the consumer
which means all of us-gets
showed around here and over
looked was exhibited in a little
comedy Of errors in the Senate
this week. It will be told here
because it is being told no
where else and because 1t is
revealing of what goes on here.
AS a curtain raiser we must
go back to an executive order
issued by former President
Truman before he left office,
requiring the Federal Trade
Commission to make an in
Vestigation to see what hap
pens to the consumers dollar.
That is. who gets what part
of it between the time prod
ucts leave the farm or raw
materials start through the
manufacturing process and the
time when the consumer buys
1t over the counter.
Such an inquiry. Of course,
would step on powerful toes.
Consequently. 1t Is no sur
prise that somebody in the
House Appropriations Com
mittee took advantage of the
first opportunity and sneaked
a proviso into the independent
Offices bill that carries funds
for the Federal Trade Com
mission which specifically for
bids such an inquiry. The pro-
viso reads: Provided further,
that no part of the foregoing
appropriations shall be avail
able for a statistical analysis
of the consumers dollar"
It got through the House
without peep.
But this sleeper" as he
called it, was discovered by
Senator LANCER, Republican,
of North Dakota, and he called
1t to the attention of the Sen
ate when the bill reached. the
floor there this week. The
North Dakota Senator pointed
out that such a curb on the
broad investigative powers of
the FTC was unprecedented
In the 40-year history of that
agency. which was created by
Congress in the Woodrow Will
son administration to make
Just such Investigations in
executing its delegated task of
preventing monopoly and un-
fair trade practices and pro-
taeting the consumer. He Of
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Doris FIeeson:
1t All Depends on the Public
The People, Not the Politicians Now Hold Key to Whether
Esenhowers Position on Taxes Will Be Sustained

President Eisenhower has
offered the country a middle
way of planned security in an
age Of danger." D." While the
politicians comment on it, the
people will determine whether
or not he gets it.
If they furnish unmistak-
able evidence of their substan-
tial support for the Eisenhower
position, he can sustain it. If
the Congress gets an impress
sion that people are dissatiS-
fled with, or even Indifferent
to. the Presidents plea, it will
break away and not only in
the immediate field of tax
reduction.
For the congressional Re-
puhlicans do not really like
the Eisenhower program. They
Campaigned for economy and
tax reduction and made
promises which will come
home to haunt them, they
fear. They are largely up next
year-all of the House, one
third of the Senate must run
and q bird in the hand was
their real preference.
Asked for his private opinion
on what might happen, an
astute Senator who had Just
Evening star., 1953-05-20

issued a powerful statement
about his great leaders splen-
did presentation of the real
issues said: "Damfino."
Now that the President has
defined the overall strategy,
the next step lies in the field
of tactics. Here he must de-
pend on the generals who have
thus far held the tax reducers
in check - Speaker Martin,
Majority Leader Halleck and
Whip Arends.
Their obvious task is to con-
ciliate the House Ways and
Means Committee, especially
its chairman, Representative
Reed. Their essential weapon
is that public support. They
can't succeed without it. There
is even a chance they can't
succeed with it, although every
politician worth his salt can
put both ears to the grass roots
at the same time.
It is the general opinion of
editors and politicians in most
parts of the country that Presi-
dent Eisenhower's prestige still
is high. The mistakes and
fumblings are charitably at
tributed to newness. staff and
bureaucratS.
Evening star., 1953-05-20

elected DR.. Victor J. Tulane Of
Howard University as chairman.
Donald Brewer. assistant direc-
tor of public welfare, was chosen
vice chairman.
Also elected were Frederick j.
Chubb. Joseph E. Dayton, Ed
ward j. Flynn, the Rev. Jerry A.
Moore and Roger Robb as mem
berS at large of the executive
committee: Mr.. Flynn as repre-
sentative to the UCS trustees;
Donald Clemmer, Victor j. Evjen
and Richard j. Heaney, nomi-
mating committee. and Mrs. Louis
Gutenberg, Mrs. o. G.. Hankins
and DR.. Austin Van der Slice as
representatives to the member
ship department.
Evening star., 1953-05-20

nationalist Communist who
was brought to power in Yugo-
slavia by the British during
the last war.
The only tangible concession
Winston Churchill obtained at
the Teheran Conference was
Stalin's consent to place Yugo-
slavia in the British sphere Of
interests provided one Of his
trusted lieutenants. the pres.
ent Yugoslav dictator. became
the head Of that country. Soon
thereafter. the American and
British governments disavowed
the loyal Gen. Mihailovich,
who was fighting the Nazis on
the side of the allies. He was
declared a traitor and Tito
took over the destinies Of
Yugoslavia at the end of the
war after he had disposed Of
the weak King Peter.
Until Tito became a "devia-
zionist" it looked as if Britain
had also been double-crossed
by Stain. But soon after the
breach with Moscow the Yugo-
slav dictator veered politically
to our side and was gratefully
accepted into the fold. But,
although assisted economically
and militarily in the last three
years, principally by the
United States, his loyalty"
remained toward Britain where
the people seem to understand
and appreciate the blessings
of state socialism far better
then the Americans.
Foreign Secretary Eden paid
an official visit last year to
Belgrade where he had a gala
reception. President Tito re-
turned the call and London
rolled out the red carpet for
him. He was received with
honors given in the past only
to royalty. Thus were laid Of
f1cially the foundations for the
sh-Yugoslav entente which
is expected to play an impor-
tant role in the forthcoming
dramatic developments in Eu-
rope.
After Stains death the men
in the Kremlin began to relent
toward the erstwhile traitor"
to the doctrines of the Com
inform. There was a close
contact between the Moscow
representatives and Tito's
trusted lieutenants at the
recent Danubian Conference.
Since this first contact diplo-
matte relations between Bel
grade and Moscow have taken
a trend toward normal.
Evening star., 1953-05-20

business operations 50 that
receipts will increase.
The political implications for
the Eisenhower administration
are awkward, to say the least.
The President is opposed to
the repeal now of the excess
profits tax, which the Demo-
cratic administrator declared
by law should end June 80 Of
this year. Even the reduction
Of IL per cent, which Gen.
Eisenhower agrees shall be
granted in personal income
tax rates effective In January
of next year, was put on the
statute books by the Demo-
cratic Congress and President
Truman.
What the Eisenhower ad-
ministration has done is to
ask that the excess-proflts tax
be continued for six months
because of the expectation that
this will yield $500 million.
Yet everybody knows that the
excess-profits tax is an un-
even and unfair tax and per-
mits big businesses to pay a
lower rate Of taxes than
smaller businesses. This Is a
favoritism for big business
which is politically indefen-
Sible.
1t seems incredible. after
all the talk about the impor-
tance of aiding small business,
that the Eisenhower admins
tration should have been un-
able to find $500 million either
in other tax rates or in econo-
mics so as to be able to remove
a vicious measure like the ex-
cess profits tax law.
Does the administration be-
heve that business operations
in America are going to be
aided now and that planning
Is going to be assisted by af-
firming the excess profits tax
idea? Will not business be
confronted with the prospect
that maybe in January the ad-
ministration will again break
faith and ask for another six
month eXtenSion?/
It looks very much as If the
Evening star., 1953-05-20

fered an amendment to strike
out this proviso so that the
FTC could go ahead with its
investigation, and also offered
some pertinent words as to
what the inquiry is all about,
to wit:
"The consumer is entitled to
know who is sharing his dollar
and in what proportions it is
being shared. When he buys
at the retail store, how much
does the retailer get? How
much does the wholesaler or
professor or middleman get?
What is the manufacturing
and transportation cost? How
much of the price went to
materials, labor, overhead. and
so forth? These are pertinent
questions that should be an
swered.
Are the proponents OF this
particular clause in the bill
afraid Of getting the answers
to these questions? Are they
fearful Of having the spotlight
of publicity thrown on excess
sive and unjustified price in
creases which have captured a
disproportionate part Of the
consumers dollar?"
The answer, Of course, is
that somebody along the line
is afraid. For figures presented
by Senator LANCER and others
during the debate, based on
reports compiled by the FTC
and the Securities and Ex-
change Commission, show that
net earnings after taxes on
food and tobacco processing
corporations, for example, have
been steadily rising while the
farmers share of the con-
Sumer'S dollar has been steadily
decreasing. So with other
products.
The lame defense for killing
off the investigation given by
Senator Saltonstall. Republi-
can. Of Massachusetts,, who
was in charge of the bill, and
Senator Taft. party leader. was
that the Agriculture Depart
ment and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the Labor Depart
ment now make studies into
costs. Senator Saltonstall also
cited the fact that there Is now
pending before the Senate
Banking Committee O resolu-
tion by Senator Gillette, Demo-
crat. Of Iowa to create Q spe-
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Too Many Hands
In Voting Booth
Spoil the ballot
By the Associated PyesS

PHILADELPHIA, May 90
Mrs. Evelyn Rice, 80, drew the
curtain on voting machine and
was all set to cast her ballot in
the primary election yesterday.
Suddenly, she said, a hand
reched out and began pulling
levers she had not intended to
pull.
Assistant District Attorney
Leon Katz said the hand belonged
to Charles Travis, Al. who was
arrested on a charge Of illegal
assistance in a polling booth.
Travis was held in $500 bail for
the grand jury.
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Dorothy Thon7pson
Churchill Understands Historv
Polish Freedom Can Be Accomplished Only by Settlement
Between East and West Which Neutro|izes Its Area

their yearnings; but none has
greater reason to know that
the West cannot protect them
against either or both of their
powerful neighbors.
Thus, whenever the Western
allies in Germany suggest
modification of Polish western
frontiers, they cement all Poles
more closely with the Soviet
Union.
The only hope that Poland
can live again a life as free as
Finland's lies in settling Rus
sian military fears. which are
entirely justified. Russia has
been invaded via Poland by
Napoleon. by the armies of the
Kaiser. by Western allied armies
during the Bolshevist revolu-
ton, and by Hitler's Panzers.
a fact which any Russian gov
ernment will guard against
having repeated.
Polish freedom can, there
fore, be accomplished only by
an East-West settlement which
militarily neutralizes and mu-
tually guarantees the Polish
area.
T1he idea of a buffer seems
old-faShioned in the present
lone world or no world" cli-
mate, which is giving us per-
petual war in the name of per-
petual peace, but if co-exist-
ence is ever possible, it will be,
we predict, through the crea-
tion of neutral areas.
Winston Churchill appears
to understand this, and so do
an ever-increasing number Of
people throughout the world,
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Shorpshooter Picks OFF
Swedish Prison Guards
BY The Associosed Press

STOCKHOLM, May 20. A
green : masked. sharpshooting
gunman picked of two guards
patrolling the high wall Of a
state prison in downtown Stock
holm today, killing one with a
bullet through the heart and
critically wounding the second.
Police announced they had ar
rested a 40-year-old former guard
at the prison, whose application
for unemployment had been
turned down recently. The gum
man fired six shots at the two
guards atop the high wall sur
rounding Langholmen State
Prison, located on small penin-
sula in the heart of Stockholm.
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Rover Stresses Ban
On Dropping Cases 10
Win Guilty Pleas

United States Attorney Leo A
Rover yesterday re-emphasized
his stand against dropping cases
In exchange for guilty pleas.
Speaking at the annual meet
ing of the Corrections Section
United Community Services, Mr.
Rover declared:
my assistants are not going
to toss a nickel up. and say, If
it comes down heads. we'll drop
two cases. It's bad law enforce
ment to stand up in court and
for some reason accede to the
wishes of defense counsel and
say. AL right, if you plead him
guilty to three, we'll drop two
Mr.. Rover said the press criti-
cism of this practice was more
than justified. The procedure
under which multiple offenders
finally were punished for only
one or two Of many crimes was
exposed by The Star. Mr.. Rover,
about two weeks ago. announced
his policy Of tighter prosecution
procedures.
Multiple Indictments.
The prosecutor said his office
now is getting enough indict-
mentS to permit the judges tc
give adequate sentences. Also
he emphasized, he is making
sure the police statement in
every case goes to the probation
officer to be included in his pre-
sentence report to the judge.
If our judges have the entire
picture of the man before
them." he said, II have no doubt
that adequate sentences will be
handed down."
Mr.. Rover praised the omni-
bus crime bill for the District
now pending before a joint con-
gressional committee, and ex-
pressed the hope that it's pas
sage would measurably lower the
crime rate here.
He excepted from his praise
the fixed minimum sentence pro-
visions still in the big bill. He
pointed out that, under these
provisions, judges could not give
probation for certain offenses
nor could the parole board grant
parole. One of the most serious
objections, he said, is that q
youth who had committed any
of the crimes with fixed mini
mum sentences would not be
eligible for the Youth Correction
Authority.
He made 1t clear that if the
bill passes with the fixed mini
NUNS, 1t will be enforced by his
Office.
Won't Bargain.
There will be no reducing OF
crimes, no evasion to get around
the fixed minimums," he said
My Office is not q bargain
counter.
Municipal Court Judges Mary
c. Barlow. Frank H. Myers and
Milton Kronheim, jr., were
among the luncheon guests who
heard Mr.. Rover report that he
hopes to improve relations be-
tween his assistants. and the
Municipal Court bench.
The Corrections Section re
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Gen. Navarro in Hanoi

HANOI, Indo-C China, May 20
P.-Gen. Henri Navarro arrived
here today from Paris and Sal
gon to assume command of the
French Union forces fighting the
Communicated Viet-Minh In
Indo- China. He succeeds Gen
Raoul Salan, who sails for France
May %.
Evening star., 1953-05-20
Dear Mr.. Brown:

Dear Mr.. Brown:
Thank you for saying you
would print in your column
a box giving my reply to
your article Tuesday, as fol-
lows:
"At this time I have
taken no position with re-
spect to the confirmation
Of Admiral Radford, nor
had I discussed this mat
ter at any time with Sena-
tor Russell or Senator
Lyndon johnson or Sena-
tor Cooper"
Stuart SymingtOn,
U. S. Senator.