davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-02-27
1900 BEGAN NEW ERA FOR
NEGROES IN THIS STATE


At the turn OF the century, Ne
groes were branching out into all
the cities in Minnesota and in.
vesting in many types Of business
They were taking their place Of
leadership in the community.
They owned their own churches.
they had begun many clubs and
organizations, and they supported
their lodges.
Men like 7. II. Lyles. in real
estate: Frederick McGhee, in the
legal profession: Doctor Waldo
Turner. physician: George Wilson
druggist, John L, Neal. bookkeep-
er; Jasper Gibbs. Sr. restaurant
owner, Owen Howell and many
others. represented the many bust
nesses In which Negroes were en-
gagged.
Several men held governmental
positions, some were in real estate
and even women had their share
of business operations.
These activities put Q new as
pect and new Interpretation on
the activities OF the Negro In
Minnesota. Near the turn Of the
century. also. the Negro began
to pull away from the Republican
party and Independently choose
his political followers.
But this advancement, with few
restrictions, was not 10 last long
With this new Interpretation on
his life came new restraints on
the Negro and his activities. Be
cause Of the increased migration
Of Negroes to the state during
World War !, pressure was
brought 10 keep him out Of the
state. The Negro was now con-
sidered a threat 20 the economic
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-02-27

Il u teacher at Hamilton school
In Minneapolis. she is one Of the
ten teachers Of American Negro
ancestry now employed In the Min
RcapOlls P'iblIc school GystcRL
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-02-27
The NEXT
100 Years
Hold EUen
Greater
Promise!

ABLE look back 100 years Of progress Is
great exciting milestone for people. One Of the
things that from the Of the past
promise the future And for all the people Of
Upper Midwest promise Of the ahead indeed great
wells dot the plains Of North Dakota
In Minnesota plants building to
aconte iron Huge construction projects In the Daotas
building Missouri river dams And the just ahead
certain to bring from the laboratories important
for North Dakotas tremendous supply Of Ignite
brown coal"
developments bring with them the vision Of
and plants of increased trade and
whole Of jobs and payrols These
things that touch the lives Of people throughout the
Upper Things that promise great opportunities for
growth and progress for this and all It's people
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-02-27
Minnesota Negro
History Presents
Moving PoqeOnF

Continued from Page abb
University OF Minnesota.
GROUP GIVES CONCERT
In April Of 1879. Negroes held
mass meetings. formed commit
tees, gave special programs to aid
refugee Negroes in Kansas and the
South.
Foremost among these commit
tees was the "Colored Emigration
Committee" Leading this group
were J. X. Hilyard, treasurer:
John Hickman. secretary: James
Henry and J. w. Euanes.
." AaiaSsaPoIiA o srSSp % No.
SToos 0aVs o seassFs ~ TIE Asud-
S@'y 81 AaSsis 70 rslss SURds 20 old
these s1sigr~1ss. rails moaov YVES
s"@s 70 fAs gOvers0S 81 Kaasus 70
10 S'SsT'SStsd s@oaw the Negroes
there.
During the same year, members
OF the st. Paul Dramatics Club
presented a play in the Opera Hall
In saltwater. MINI. for the bene-
mt Of colored refugees.
One Of the largest celebrations
participated in by all the Negroes
each year in Minnesota, was the
commemoration OF the emancipa.
ton Of the slaves in the West In
dies. The first record Of such a
celebration was in 1883. when St
Anthony. Minneapolis and St
Paul united in a mamoth picnic
at Hamm's garden.
500 ATTEND FFTE
Each year, as these celebrations
continued, they grew in size and
splendor. Often called the Ne
gro's Fourth of July" they were
looked forward to with much
preparation. Singing. speech max
ing. food. and other picnic devices
were used to make the event one
to be remembered and talked
about.
In the 1870 celebration. some
three or four hundred Negroes
and some whites as spectators at
tended this celebration.
a NJ. Q. c. Ysasy ives elected
sAsiSmaa % shis .soavoasIoa, cad
Gel. Robsr' sSaks. o premIssss Me-
gro 81 50. Peel, delivered The sS-
SrSss SsSsrS bond fvraIsAsd the
"Ssis. o'As' speakers were Rev. J.
w. TS'fIs % AaisSSspOIIp csIonsI
Adrish. RSv. ". HodgsRas ssd
I~dSs Hs1siSP o. 50. AHskoaY, wks
"PTsisOS fhs VsISS 81 Shs NSgso
people,"
In later years this celebration
often was combined with the ceIe-
bration Of the emancipation Of the
slaves in the south. This kind of
celebration was often called by
the daily press the celebration Of
the 18th Amendment"
In 1871, such a celebration took
place at Minnehaha. They had
planned a huge affair at White
Bear. but because OF the existing
prejudice against the color Of
said White Bear" they were not
allowed to picnic there.
Negroes had secured the use Of
sidwell's band for this excursion
and picnic. They came from ST.
Anthony. st. Paul. and Minnea-
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-02-27

great orator and lecturer. Often
during the years OF lsT5-76 he
Travelled over the state OF Mime.
sofa on lecturing tours.
His subject always concerned
the Negro, his plight, his Job, his
future One Of his favorite titles
was The Past, Present and Fu.
ture Of the Colored Man"
, 1953-05-14

NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given that
orders for the attachment OF
properties in arrears for real
poperty taxes and night soil
removal service fees assessed
for the yeear 1851 will be is
to the Sheriff for the
Municipality of St. Croix by
this office within the next two
weeks.
Office of the Adrcini@t~ator
for st. Croix, CAr'sti@~et d,
st. Croix, WI, May 4, 1853
D. C. Canegata,
Administrator for st. Croix
, 1953-05-14
NOTICE

1t is hereby brought to pub
lie notice that to use or draw
potable water from public
for purposes other
than domestic, is an offense
punishable by fine andlor
imprisonment.
A. Paraliticci
( Supt. of Public Works
, 1953-05-14
TO THE DEFENSE

~ LIE w.
H EASY DIVORCE laws Of the Virgin Islands are
attracting attention on the mainland, and to the point where
Congress has been asked to do something, Judging from the
urgency and number of the letters to the Department of the
Interior and the House Committee on Interior and InSular
Affairs. The new law makes it official for a person to live here
six weeks and thereby become domiciled for the purpose of
suing for divorce in the local courts.
CONGRESSMAN AL. Miller of Nebraska, Chairman of
the House Interior and InsuIar Affairs Committee spoke up
this week. Most of the letters complaining that the bulk OF
the tourist trade to the Islands was for divorce, finally reached
the hands of Representative Miller. This week Representative
Miller came to the defense of the Virgin Islands, stating that
the entire matter is being exaggerated. The Legislative Assem-
bly,, having acted, that action must stand unless it can be
shown that it is contrary to some superior law OF the land.
And it SO happens that since there is no uniform Federal d-
vorce laws, the law of the Legislative Assembly will not be
set aside.
IT'S QUITE gratifying that a member of Congress gives
utterance to the fact that local laws are supreme, except where
they 90 counter to a Federal law. This has been known all
along, but this new statement gives comfort for the idea that
more and more a greater measure of self government is com
ing to these shores. 1t places upon the Legislative Assembly
the added responsibility of seeing that sound laws are passed,
so that their defense, if necessary, may not be made more
difficult.
ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT fact is that the wisdom or
ACCESSIBILITY of the law was not questioned, though it was
compared with that of Reno, and that of Florida. Congress-,
noting the situation, and seeing that it is legal in SO far as
the national laws are concerned, will do nothing to make the
Legislative Assembly change the local law.
The man who marie. in haste Go See Your Museum
very rarely has enough leisure in
WEEK DAYS IU-lZ and So i
which to repent. = a
, 1953-05-14
VIRGIN ANGLING
by Bill Miller

days the talk is naturally of
Kingfish. The big, voracious
kings, with their set of dem
lures second only to a Barra-,,
cuda's, are showing a tendency
to shool up around the Cricket
and Cockroach rocks off the
West End of St. Thomas and
should provide plenty of sport
there for some weeks to come.
That is, when the moon and
tides are favorable. Friday at
dawn Fred and / cranked up
the 10 horse and after a long
haul around West End man.
aged to get to the Cricket by
sun-up to boat five fish total
ling 80 pounds-the largest
running Is pounds. AS usual
the "big one got away and
with my best plug at that!
Speaking of plugs, the kings
seem to like them better very
early in the dawn with a shift
in preference to surface bally-
hoo a bit later on followed by
deep-running ballyhoo
spoons as the morning wears
on. This is no guarantee, how
ever, that the above formula
will always hold water. Give
it a try, though, and if you dis
cover a better combination let
me know about it.
An interesting characteristic
of Kingfsh is their occasional
tendency to come to the boat
without a struggle-that is,
until they see the gaff COM
ing! After that they are off to
the races. The other morning,
for instance, I reeled a twenty
FOUNDER to the boat thinking
it a very small fish only to
have the fish suddenly come to
life and bore straight down at
a blistering pace. This is
where danger to your tackle
comes in; don't keep too tight
a drag on the reel or you will
find yourself with either a
broken line or worse a broken
rod when that sudden squirt
occurs. Never underestimate
the sheer power these silver
torpedoes can turn on in a
pinch! Practically everybody
I meet has a long, sad story
about a monster" Kingf1sh
, 1953-05-14
FOR SALE

ONE CHEVROLET TRUCK
Ton and a half - 194l model
in good running condition.
Contact: Mrs. Hilda England
, 1953-05-14

0TRGh0Th
~
UNITY
Evening star., 1953-12-21

total 100 million. The terri
tory of the empire has shrunk
in the meantime. So has its
ability to sell its industrial
output.
Although a limited amount
of trade is being carried on
with Communist China
openly or illicitly-there is not
enough in it to help the Japa-
pese economy much. The old
markets in Southeast Asia
where japanese goods were
exchanged for raw materials
and rice are no longer avail
able. There are many trade
restrictions which favor ex-
ports from Western Europe
and especially from Britain
over those from Japan.
The real fact is that Japan
today can no longer compete
with Western industries. The
cheap labor available there is
more than Offset by production
costs. Coal has to be i'm
ported from the United States
at price preposterous to the
Japanese nomy. Many
other industrial components
must be brought in, such as oil
and scrap. There is not enough
economic activity in Japan to
provide work for many of it's
people The country is with
in a few steps of economic
anarchy despite the energy
and industry of its people.
The Communists are active.
They are using in Japan a
two-edged sword-nationalism
which is translated in propa-
ganda against the "occupa-
ton" of the islands by Amer
ican troops and, what is far
more important. the peoples
economic predicament.
According to spokesmen for
the Yoshida government. the
country is close to disaster.
Evening star., 1953-12-21
Doris Fjeeson-
Republicans Seem in Harmony
White House Session Fine for Propaganda But Results
Depend on Moves Behind the Scenes in Congress

esident Eisenhower's
three-day seminar for Repub-
lican congressional leaders was
a good public relations job.
The President maintained
his control of the meetings
even with respect to the Sc
crecy angle, always so diffikult
where the talkative political
trade is concerned. They were
well and politely attended with
only one really notable alb
Sentee, Chairman Reed of the
House Ways and Means Com
mittee, key figure in the field
of taxes and social security.
The total effect is construc-
tive. serious and harmonious.
If the attainment of political
objectives could now be en-
trusted. as in the military, to
a chain of command, or if the
end product could be adjudged
reasonably certain to live up
to the advance notices, the
President could relax at Au-
gusta over the Christmas holi-
days.
The hard fact is that po-
litical goals end up in con-
gressional roll calls and then
only after weeks and months
of maneuvering in committee
and cloakroomS. The most
hardbitten Republican could
lend himself to the Eisenhower
deliberations with immunity,
knowing the wide scope pos
Sible to future opposition. For
its part, the White House min
imized possible friction by
keeping the discussions gen.
eral in tone, showing its own
hand very little and inviting
suggestions.
Evening star., 1953-12-21
Japan Reported Near Disaster
Unemployment After Korean Truce Threatens Economy;
Communists Tell Masses u. S. Is to Blame for Plight
Constantine Brown

The Chairman Of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Ar
thur Radford. and the Assist
ant Secretary of State for Far
Eastern Affairs, Walter Rob-
ertSon, will stop over in Tokyo
on their return from Manila
where they have gone to repre-
sent President Eisenhower at
the Inauguration of Ramon
MagsaySay as president of the
Philippines.
The Japanese government
is faced with such a serious
economic crisis, since the end
Of the shooting in Korea. that
unless drastic steps are taken
Immediately we may be con-
fronted with an impossible sit
uation.
The American officials will
merely listen to the Japanese.
There seems to be no easy
remedy for the Japanese eco
nomic situation. Japan has
barely survived during the last
three years. The nearly ST
billion spent yearly since the
outbreak of the Korean war
helped things along. But since
the armiStice ammunition and
other factories which helped
our effort in Korea have
either closed or reduced their
output drastically. This means
the dismissal of tens of thou
sands OF workers and corre-
spending unemployment, since
there are no jobs available in
the still skinny Nipponese in
duStrieS.
For the last six months the
japanese government and
many industrial representa-
tives have been ringing the
alarm bell in Washington.
They point out that Japan has
at present some 86 million in
habitants and by 1860 the
population of the islands will
Evening star., 1953-12-21
Dovid Lawrence

Looking through the latest
issue of Foreign Affairs" the
quarterly publication Of the
Council of Foreign Relations
AN organization of prom
inent Americans devoted to
the cause of international CO.
operation-one gets the i'm
preston that American foreign
policy is in a terrible mess.
Surveying the world scene, 1t
becomes obvious after reading
a number of articles that the
American people are not being
given the truth, but only a
series of unrealistic pro-
nouncements from officialdom
about the free world" allied
unity and the United Nations.
Foreign Affairs" as a publi-
cation expresses no opinions
of its own but performs a serv-
ice in giving fortnight articles
by authorities in other lands.
1t is apparent that what is
accepted as truth in America
isn't so regarded elsewhere.
Thus an article by very
important person in India who
remains anonymous empha-
sizes the point that the United
States was the aggreSsor in
Korea and charges that the
American Government origin
ally interviewed in the civil war
in China by protecting For
moSa. The accusation is fur
ther made that the u. N.
forces had no business cross
ing the 38th Parallel into
North Korea and thereupon
became aggressors themselves.
The distinguished Indian
author continues:
1.-The question of aggression
by China seemed therefore to
most AsianS doubtful point.
This became clear when the
resolution to brand China as
an aggressor was introduced
at the end of January 1851.
1t is strange that, though the
Chinese intervention took
place in October 1850, the
United Nations waited until
the end of January 1851 to
discuss whether or not it was
an aggression on the part of
China. 1t is also significant
that when the matter was put
to a vote the resolution did
not receive the support of In
dia, Burma. Indonesia, and
other Asian countries. The
Asian countries evidently did
Evening star., 1953-12-21
Fletcher Knebel-
Potomac Fever

legislative conference with his team The 1854
program be bold, nowhere
moneyand G. o. P leaders only hope it won't be dull
it sounds.
approves another $5 billion defense spending
Pretty there be little waste left Government the
Democrats won't want it
assembly electng president politicians
old Pendergas Kansas City notwithstanding election
entitled refreshments after trip the
ballot box.
Government $50 million is being spent Christ
trees That shows why the idea of moving Thanksgiving
week workedpeope hadn't recovered from
the previous Christmas to be able to afford turkey.
Churchill burns his hand box of matches. America
outlaws such fire hazards. The shows spark
genius bundle him cliches-and retire public
office Republican
The press says clamors the death
penalty ousted Police Chief average Russian
thinks good hanging long overdue at the Kren but
sorry it's going to be wasted on only one
Senator Kennedy
wasting daily letters Europe.
startling the administration wasting
Democrat worrying about it.
Evening star., 1953-12-21
r
Dorothy Thompson

II SubverSives and agents of
foreign governments inf1ltra-
ted the United States Govern
ment. how minor was their
power compared to subversion
in the Soviet Union!
Suppose we all woke up to
read that j. Edgar Hoover had
confessed to having been, dur
ing mis- entire Government
service, the center of
criminal spy ring; that the
Atomic Energy Commission
had been consistently headed
by traitors; that outstanding
cabinet members and high Of
f1cials in State governments
were involved in the ring: that
thousands Of innocent, patri-
otic citizens had been rail-
roaded to their deaths by
them; that they had fooled in
turn Presidents Hoover, Roose-
welt, and Truman, who had
advanced them; and that now
they were all to be shot with
out public trial. because the
full roster Of their crimes
could not be brought to light
for security reasons.
Translated into American
terms that is what the Rus
sian people have learned
about their government-under
Lenin, Stain, and, until a
few months ago, under Malen-
kov! They have been governed
by criminals and assassins,
pulling the wool over the eyes
Of fools!
1t is impossible, of course,
to make an analogy between
the position of any one in our
Government and the role
played in the Soviet Union by
Lavrenti P. Beria. No one here
has ever had such power.
Beria, under Stain, was the
Number 2 man in the Kremlin,
eulogized as "a foremost leader
Of the Communist Party and
the closest pupil and comrade
Of Stain" Stain, in 1888,
Evening star., 1953-12-21
Dorothy Th6npson-
What Must Russians Think?
Fall Of Berio lkened to Effect in w. S. of Confession
By J. Edqor Hoover as Head Of Criminal Spy Rina

languishing in Beria's prisons
and camps? Are they all to be
freed?
What must they think of the
great Stain, whose body lies
enshrined beside Lenin's, and
who turned this criminal loose
on the people? Or Of Malen-
kov. so long his close friend?
What a better America it
would be-" comments New
York's Daily Worker. praising
the fall of Beria. If we had
trials and exposures of all Nc
Carthyite subversives," sug-
gesting that j. Edgar Hoover
also might come on the line.
We wonder how the Daily
Worker could be sure that the
trials it advocates would not
be conducted by a self-con-
fessed reactionary traitor like
Jezhov or another one like
Beria!
We wonder what the rank
and-file Communist Party
members in this and other
countries think.
For either the outstanding
leaders of the u. S. s. r. have
been fools, scoundrels and
assassins. or they have been
and are liars.
And how odd that the Com
munist press, which loudly
proclaimed the innocence of
the Rosenbergs, entertains no
shadow of doubt that Stains
right-hand man-in whom
they reposed utter confidence
lis guilty as charged!
Apparently they take Soviet
criminality for granted.
(Released by the Bell Syndicate. Incl
Evening star., 1953-12-21
Dovid Lomence-
u. S. Pictured in Villains Role
Foreign Affairs Quarterly Gives Impression Thot
American Foreign Policy Is in Terrible Mess

not consider that China had
committed aggression.
Though the resolution was
carried, it was obvious that no
great Importance was at
tached to the charge. for
otherwise. the United Nations
could not have entered into
negotiations with the Sino-
Korean forces, for that would
have been compounding with
aggression and a betrayal of
the principles Of the United
Nations. An aggressor, ex hy-
pothesis, has to be punished
but instead of doing it. the
United Nations, after delib-
erately branding China as an
aggressor. has been equally de-
liberately engaged in negotia-
tions with that government
''It may sound strange to
American ears, but nonethe-
less it is a fact that the leaders
of India and Burma, and per-
haps of other South Asian
countries, excluding Siam. do
not feel themselves threatened
by communism"
To read the foregoing in the
light of the hundreds of thou
sands of words poured out by
officials of the present and
preceding administrations here
about "repelling aggression"
in Korea and about the vic
tories for collective security"
which cost America 100000
casualties there it is obvious
that what is being said inside
America isn't shared outside.
Then there's an article by
Clement Attlee, former prime
minister of Great Britain, who
thinks America is wrong in its
AN4QOkOI1o Will 1GCN NII11ld d41u
he. too, hints that blunders in
American policy may have
caused the Korean war. He
says:
"It may we'll have been that
had China been given her seat
in the United Nations, the
Korean war might never have
been started In dealing with
.Asiatic countries the matter OF
Self-respect or face is of great
Importance. The refusal to rec
ognize the effective govern
ment of China affronted the
self-respect of the Chinese
people"
But it is even more dis
tressing to read the article
written by Walter H. Mallory,
executive director of the Coun-
Evening star., 1953-12-21
Thomas L. Stokes
@. O. P. Relying on Eisenhower
Presidents Popularity Seen Basis for Campaign
To Pass Laws and Win Congressional Elections

The size Of the task which
the Murphy committee has cut
out for itself is reflected in a
recent Gallup Poll. indicating
a drift among independent
voters away from the Repub-
lican Party in the year since
the election. That likewise
points up the need for mis-
sionary work in that sector
which the Citizens-for-Eisen-
hover organization is seeking
to provide. A poll among vot-
ers whose attitude has changed
since the last election disclosed
that II per cent Of the in
dependent voters were in that
group-with IA per cent less
favorable to the Republican
Party than when they voted
for it last year, and only 3
per cent more favorable.
The Citizens-for- Eisenhower
organization has a long range
purpose beyond winning the
congressional elections. This is
to get more Eisenhower" Re-.
publicans in Congress, so that
they may become. if possible.
a majority. instead Of a mi-
nority as now. This would
make it easier for the Presi-
dent to put through a program
of the sort he wants as a rec
ord for the 1856 presidential
election. This, could it be
achieved. would create more
nearly an Eisenhower Repub-
lican Party for the big 1856
test with the Democrats when
control Of the whole Govern