davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-03
President Spoke Like q Leader
Eisenhower's Message to Congress Is Turning Point
In Modern History: u S. Now Tokes on -nitiotixe

The move to lift the restric-
tions on Nationalist raids is a
first step. Others will follow.
It isn't, necessary to cross all
the bridges at once.
The Presidents address to
Congress had in it some
pointed warnings to Europe,
too. It was a plea for unity
and an integrated alliance.
Loud applause came from both
Democrats and Republicans
when the President said:
For the United States. this
means that, as a matter of
common sense and national
interest, we shall give help to
other nations in the measure
that they strive earnestly to do
their full share of the common
task"
This is a fateful prediction.
Some Europeans will not like
it, especially those who think
American aid Is a one-way
street-all in the direction Of
Europe with no corresponding
sense of responsibility for the
proper defense of that conti-
nent.
The most important pro-
nouncements in the speech
were yelled in guarded langu-
age. Mr.. Eisenhower used what
Woodrow Wilson used to call
the implicit" rather than the
explicit" approach. But there
can be no doubt what the
President meant when he said
he would ask Congress soon to
adopt a resolution repudiating
any secret understandings of
the past with foreign govern
mentS" which permit the en-
Slavement of peoples anywhere.
This refers to the Yalta agree
ment and the understandings
whereby Soviet Russia acquired
certain rights in the Pacific
islands close to Japan and also
to rights Russia has claimed in
Manchuria. It certainly re-
opens a lot of questions for
the peace table if the "cold
war" ever comes to a negotiat-
ing stage. Russia can no longer
figure that the United States
has agreed to her usurpations
in recent years merely because
they have not been directly
challenged.
Evening star., 1953-02-03

might leave our armies, as
Winston Churchill suggested.
wandering around the interior
of that vast country for a long,
long time.
If not undertaken in a
serious way it could mean only
a little stepping up Of the
sporadic raiding expeditions
along the coast now engaged in
by small Chang contingents,
despite the 7th Fleet. But
the stepping up. plus the
formal change in policy, could
result in other consequences
greatly feared by other mem
bers Of the United Nations.
France fears the appearance
of a Red Chinese army in
Indo-China. Britain fears for
Hong Kong. Both fear the
possible implementation Of the
Russian Chinese treaty, which
would mean the dreaded Third
World War.
None Of these consequences
may be in immediate prospect.
Chang. it is said, would need
another year or two of prepa-
ration before attempting any
important action. Meantime.
however, the provocation i'm
plicit in the Presidents order
to the fleet could result in
troublesome action by the
Reds. unwilling to wait for
Chang to take the initiative.
Evening star., 1953-02-03

the new Mutual Security Ad-
ministrator, Harold Stassen,
to Europe to find ways of SAL
vaging from disintegration all
that the Truman administra-
tion and Gen. Eisenhower
himself spent mountains of
effort and money TO create.
And although the Truman
doctrine-of containing COM
munism-was the outstanding
policy of the last administra-
ton, Mr. Dulles in his first
speech to the Nation reported
that the shoe is now on the
other foot, warning against
Soviet encirclement of the
West.
Whereas the Eisenhower ad-
ministration promised in the
campaign dynamic policy of
the offensive, Mr.. Dulles and
Mr.. Stassen are in Europe to
investigate how the military
and political defensive, weak
as it is, can be shored up to
such strength and unity as
existed a few months ago.
But there is no indication
that the policy itself should be
re-examined from top to bot
tom. The cold war must be
continued even if American
leadership is losing it, but
America must never seek to
break her encirclement by mil
itary action.
Has World War III been
averted? Have our own poll
cies made it a more likely or
unlikely eventuality?
After the fall of Poland,
from the autumn Of 1889 to
the spring Of 1910, there was a
period Of phony war. Peace
feelers were put out from Ger
many to the British, supported
by Russia. All were rejected,
and some I have reason to oe-
lieve have never been publicly
revealed. MANY people believed
that the phony war of half
hearted Skirmishes might con-
tinue indefinitely until some
thing (such as revolt within
Germany happened. On the
eve Of the gigantic German Of
fensive through the lowlands,
the French Prime Minister was
utterly unaware Of what would
strike at six the ne..t morning.
One could cite case after
= case during World War II, and
from previous history, to illus
trate the failure Of Intelligence
and intelligence. I know of
no case where a policy of en-
circlement aimed to prevent
war by postures of strength, on
the peripheries Of the oppo-
nent, has not created a coun-
ter-encirclement ending in war,
War is inherent in such a
situation, and who fires the
Evening star., 1953-02-03

first shot is not definition Of
aggression acceptable to the
historical analyst.
1t would be reasonable to
assume that the Soviet Union
prefers to continue counter.
encirclement by the political
means.
But another element enters
the picture - the H-bomb.
where America is heading for
absolute superiority. Mr.. Tru.
mani thought most impru-
dently-referred to it in what
to the touchy and suspicious
Kremlin mind would certainly
seem a threat, both in his
final address on the state of
the Union and his last talk
to the American people. The
solemn advertisement of new
and horrendous atomic possi-
bilities is likely to pose this
question for the Kremlin: II
there remains only a short
time during which the pos
Sibility of winning a war
exists, would it not be advan-
tageous to start it with the
advantage of a few hours?
Should one wait. until the
United States has stockpiled
these decisive weapons?
If Mr.. Truman's warning
was a judicious pressure, it
should have been accompanied
by clear American offer to
discuss the situation that has
arisen from the scientific and
technical progress of America,
never mind the breakdown Of
past efforts. Since Mr.. Tru-
man was leaving office, he
could not make the offer. But
then he should not have raised
the atomic issue.
Personally, I am more ap-
prehensive Of a Soviet armed
offensive than was six
months ago. The chaotic Eu-
ropean political and military
situation is favorable. And
American atomic developments
suggest urgency.
Evening star., 1953-02-03
LOQiC and Sense in re Fornosu
Presidents Order to Seventh Fleet Raises Troublesome
Questions With all Consequences Difficult to Foresee

not want that army in Korea,
however. In the past other Ko-
rean spokesmen have warned
that millions of Koreans
South Koreans, that is-might
rise up to oppose any such as
SiStance.)
Some American military OBJ
servers of the civil war in
China have predicted, on the
other hand, that Chiang's
army, back on its own soil.
might fade pretty fast. with
the homesick soldiers heading
over to their native villages.
It is to be presumed that
President Eisenhower has con-
sidered all the possibilities, in
cluding the amount of assist
ance he Is prepared to give
Chang in any important and
useful harassment Of the foe
from the rear. This order"
he said, implies no aggressive
intent on our part" However,
it is not to be expected that
Chiang's troops would ferry
themselves across the interven-
ing water in Chinese junks and
land themselves without the
protection of air cover or that
they would make the attempt
without formidable artillery
and adequate supplies, none of
which they possess of their
own. Inevitably, it seems, we
would be involved in a manner
bound to suggest aggressive
intent" in the minds of the
naive Reds.
Short Of putting Chang
ashore and abandoning him,
it is hard to see how this new
policy, if carried out in any
serious way, can result in any,
thing less than open, declared
war with China, which we
would have to try to win If
we got into 1t. but which.
Evening star., 1953-02-03
Fletcher Knebei:
Potomac Fever

House and Senate joint session to hear President
Eisenhower The President thought best have bodies
in front Of ho he couldn't be attacked from the flank
Republicans applaud President Ike decision to let Chang
troops attack the China mainland Democrats aren't
about this second front front in Asia them
awtully busy not knowing what to do about it.
President Eisenhower delivers his state of eUnon
to Congress in The honeymoon between the
House and Congress has been beautiful contemplate
fellow can hardly wait for it to begin.
Congress President noisy Congressman
thought deserved applause who could
what they've been doing to him in the last month.
administration announces that
controls will April Democrats claim this is sad
blow to the pocketbook-10000 of them will looking
for new jobs
Ike tells Congress that bringing control"
must before reduced Besides worrying
isn't bad Think of the you'll worry takes
several years of your life.
President Eisenhower promises foreign policy
bparisanshp That's where both parties get together
edge their start fight
ing something really important.
Evening star., 1953-02-03

America is on the move. Res
olutenesS was in the PreSi-
dents voice as he said amid
cheers: There is no longer
any logic or sense in a condi-
ton that required the United
States Navy to assume defen-
sive responsibilities on behalf
of the Chinese Communists.
This permitted those Commu-
nists, with greater impunity.
to kill our soldiers and those
of our United Nations allies in
Korea"
Murmurs Of protest have
come already from France and
Britain but mostly from fac
tional leaders who have be-
come obsessed with the idea
that the Truman-Acheson pol
icies of drafting more and more
American boys to be killed or
wounded in Korea-while do
ing nothing to harass the Chi
nese Communists with Nation
alist troops on the mainland
of China-would be continued
for the next quarter Of a cen
tury or more while billions Of
dollars were poured into Eu-
rope without getting the nee
essary manpower built up for
either Europe or Asia.
Times have changed-and
Europe as well as apologists
for a "standstill" policy as
contrasted with a "do-some-
thing" policy will learn that
the Eisenhower administra-
ton is determined not to stand
still but to take calculated
risks and 60 ahead.
America isn't in the habit Of
abandoning 100000 American
boys to a war of stalemate with
10000 casualties a year, and
that was one Of the big issues
in the recent campaign which
the President now is meeting
forthrightly. He Is telling 1t
to Congress, too. His was the
first message from the execu-
tive branch Of the Government
on the Korean situation ever
delivered. Mr.. Truman never
gave the facts about the Ko-
rean war to the legislative
branch of the Government.
There's certainly a change now.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-02-03
Two Reasons for Freeing Chang
Nationalist Troops Cont Of Course, Lberote China,
But Their Action Con Cut Size of Reds in Koreo

future. But the Presidents
decision to permit incursions
against the mainland has a
two-pronged advantage: Cd
It will undoubtedly compel the
Peiping regime to strengthen
it's forces in the area of Annoy
and Shanghai at the expense
of the Korean front and thus
ease that situation; and (2)
the expected raids in force on
Southern China would create
confusion in Peiping and in
duce desertions from Red
army units to the Nationalists.
The order issued by Presi-
dent Truman to the 7th Fleet
on June 81, 1850, to neutralize
the Formosa Straits by forbid
ding the Nationalist armies to
attack the mainland has been
more detrimental to us than
to the Communists. The 7th
Fleet was supposed to prevent
an invasion of Formosa. But
such an invasion had become
only theoretical.
The Red high command or
dered the forces facing For
mosa to move to the north
shortly after the White House
order was issued. Several Red
combat armies massed in the
south were shifted to the Yalu
River for ANY emergency"
That emergency occurred
when the allied armies COM
manded by Gen. Macarthur
pulverized the North Korean
forces. AS soon as this hap
pened the Chinese Commu-
nists crossed the Yalu and
went into action against us.
The Peiping high command
controlled by Soviet generals
was no longer worried about a
possible counterattack from
Formosa and was able to de-
nude that area of all worth
while fighting forces. Our mill
tary knew that even some weak
raids would compel the Reds
to increase their strength in
the south. The order to the
7th Fleet to ""neutralize" the
limited Nationalist forces held
good. however, until Monday.
Suggestions that the order be
Evening star., 1953-02-03
Lowell MeHett:

Put as President Eisenhower
put it In his state-of-th
Union message, there really
isn't "any logic or sense" in
the use of our 7th Fleet to
shield Communist China"
whose forces we are engaged
in fighting in Korea. That.
however, was only one-third
of the task assigned to the
7th Fleet when it was sta
toned between the mainland
and Formosa. Another third
was to protect Chang Kai-
shek'S fugitive army and gov
ernment from further pursuit
by the Reds and to prevent the
Reds from making the island
base for their own operations.
A final third was to prevent
action by Chang likely to lead
us into war with Red China on
the mainland, a war for which
there could be no foreseeable
end.
The question now is whether
there is ''logic and sense" in
abandoning the laSt-named
undertaking. Has the situa-
ton so changed that it is wise
to encourage any serious at
tempt by Chang to return to
the land from which he fled
and engage the forces Of his
enemy again?
It makes military sense
to argue that sizeable Nation
alist forces safely ashore could
divert some part of the Red
army from the Korean front
or, at least, cut into the reser-
voir of troops on which the
Reds now draw for use in
North Korea. It may make
political sense. The Korean
Ambassador is quoted as say
ing that millions Of Chinese
would rise up to join Chiang's
homecoming army. (He does
Evening star., 1953-02-03
Doris FIeeson:

The late George Ade once
dispatched an extended mis-
sive to a friend with the
following postscript: please
pardon this long letter, I
didn't have time to write a
short one"
President Eisenhower has
not had enough time in poll
tics or the presidency to en-
able him to shape and there
fore hand on to Congress a
succinct and sharply defined
program. His state-of-the-
Union message was twice as
long as usual and for tedious
stretches seemed replete with
those explanations in Har-
ward words" he attacked so
sharply in the campaign.
At times ne seemed almost to
be explaining. to himself the
problems he faces. This was
especially true in those areas
where he concluded by an
nouncing that he would have
studies made or appoint a
commission to consider posi-
BILE solutions.
To this extent he will con-
tribute to the trend toward
congressional domination of
policy during the next four
years. The standing commit
tees Of Senate and House with
their prima donna chairmen
will not stand hitched while
Eisenhower commissions and
committees study the problems
with which Capitol veterans
have struggled for years.
Pushed on by pressures from
the grass roots, the committees
will seek their own solutions.
Evening star., 1953-02-03
Constantine Brown:

President EiSenhower's state
of-the- Union message should
be read in the light that until
we are on the way to solving
the present serious interna-
tional problems, any adminis-
tration attempt to give a new
look to domestic matters must
remain mostly wishful think
ing.
Balancing of the budget and
reduction of taxes are depend
ent on what further expendi-
lures and sacrifices must be
asked of the American people
to meet the Communist ag-
gression from without.
For instance, nowhere in the
budgets presented since 1851
has there been any direct men
ton of the dollar cost of the
war in Korea. AS a matter OF
fact there are few, if any. leg
islators who have any definite
idea of the amount Of that
expenditure. The guess is that
we must have spent since July.
1850, something between $12
billion and $40 billion.
So long as the international
problems remain in a state Of
flux as they are now, 1t is
impossible to even guess what
our expenditures will be in the
next few years. It appears
probable that Congress will cut
down the amounts for the mill
itary assistance program to
Europe. But what will happen
if the Soviets decide to change
the present cold war in the
West into a shooting war?
Hence. President Eisenhow-
er's views in the foreign field
received more careful atten-
ton than anything he had to
say about domestic matters.
And his proposal to permit the
Chinese Nationalists in For
mosa to start raids on the
Communist China mainland
has been greeted with general
approval by all fair minded
congressman and political OBJ
servers.
Nobody expects Chang Kai-
shek's forces to liberate China
or overthrow the regime Of
Mao Tse-tung in the near
Evening star., 1953-02-03

cancelled if only for reasons
of psychological warfare were
unheeded. The Communists
felt safe and have concen-
trated the bulk of their combat
forces on the Korean front
ever since, leaving only q
poorly organized militia to take
care of Southern China.
The Nationalists have an
estimated manpower Of more
than 100000 men. Only some
20 per cent of that force Is
combat ready. 1t is insufficient
to wage a war of liberation
against the Communists but is
fully competent to hit with
strength at different coastal
areas in the South.
The Red control Of the
mainland of China is even
more loose than that exercised
in the past by the Kuomin-
tang. There is, according to
reliable reports, more dissatis-
faction among the Chinese
people against the Communists
than existed against the Ma
tionalists.
The astute former Chinese
Ambassador to Washington,
Wei Tao-ming. visited Presi-
dent Truman in the summer
of 1851 and urged him to per-
nit Chiang's troops to raid
China. He suggested that the
Nationalist armies be accom-
panied by American officials
with quantities of gold. He
explained to Mr.. Truman that
the Chinese Communist gen.
erals. except for a few at the
very top, were no less allergic
to gold than their ancestors
have been throughout the
thousands Of years of Chinese
history. They would surrender
in droves to much smaller
Nationalist contingents at the
sound Of American coins. But
they must have the face
saving device of being forced
to give up to some opposing
enemy forces"
What was true in 1851 Is
even more true today when
the strangle hold of the Com
munists against the peoples
OF China has become weaker.
Evening star., 1953-02-03
Dovid Lowrence:

The leadership in world af-
fairs which the American peo-
pie have been expecting q
President of the United States
to assert has come at last.
The message of President
Eisenhower delivered to both
Houses Of Congress is a turn
ing point in modern history.
The words the American
people have been waiting to
hear-the policies the Amer
lean people. by a landslide Of
electoral votes, demanded in
the last election-are now re-
vealed in outline.
I'VE have learned" said the
President, that the free world
cannot indefinitely remain in a
posture of paralyzed tension"
and the loudest applause
heard in the House chamber
in many years broke forth.
Then Mr.. Eisenhower con-
tinued: ITO do so leaves for
ever to the aggresSor the
choice Of time and place and
means to cause greatest hurt
to us at least cost to himself"
Then the President outlined
five basic principles Of what he
announced as a new, positive
foreign policy" The details
will not be published for Mos
cows benefit.
The actual plans in process
which ought to be kept as
secret as if World War II Sc
curity regulations were still in
force-will shift the initiative
from Moscow to Washington.
They mean the beginning of
Nationalist raids by air that
can break up the north-South
rail line in China and weaken
the Communist supply line to
Indo-China and force a dl-
version of air units as well as
troops of the Communist
armies from the Korean thea
ter to defend the long Chinese
coast. Many successful raids
have already taken place.
Naturally. there are persons
In Congress who, for political
reasons, don't want to see the
Eisenhower plan succeed. and
they are already talking in dis
paraging terms of it, even
though the President pleaded
with Congress for a bipartisan
approach to foreign policy.
Evening star., 1953-02-03

There were some important
areas, however, in which the
new President took an entirely
responsible attitude and made
his leadership unmistakably
clear.
In foreign policy he moved
decisively. as in the Formosa
order. This was popular with
Republicans and will not be
contested by Democrats so long
as no new commitments are
involved.
The new President took GER
tain definite stands in the eco
nomic field. He warned Con-
gress not to reduce taxes until
it had achieved budget balance
"a direct challenge to Ways
and Means Chairman Reed. He
supported reciprocal trade
agreements.
In the touchy matter OF 10y
atty Investigations he took ex-
ecutive responsibility and in
effect suggested that Congress
and the departments follow
Attorney General Brownell.
His other concrete SuggeS-
tionS were relatively minor but
were in keeping with his cam
paign commitments, as his
promise to do all he could to
end segregation in the District
of Columbia and in the armed
forces.
AS the President ploughed
through his 7.000-word speech,
the applause shifted noticeably
from the Republican side to
the Democratic. Republicans
cheered the Formosa order, the
pledge to cancel Yalta, the
promise. to reorganize the De-
Evening star., 1953-02-03
EisenhoWer's Decisive Stand
President Took Responsible Attitude in Statements
On Foreign Policy, Taxes and Reciprocal Trade

fense Department. Demo-
Gratis; almost alone, clapped for
reciprocal trade, aid to educa-
ton and his pledge to carry on
reorganization.
Neither side seemed en-
thusiastic about his controls
decision. The Congress is per-
haps aware that in 1854 its
members, not the President,
must face the voters on the
issue of whether the end Of
controls worked well or Ill.
They have no .clear-cut ideas
of their own; they only know
they will take the rap on the
outcome.
In their study Of the mes
sage, Democrats were espe-
cially sensitive to the economic
overtones. They know from
experience that economic prob
lens only strike home and can
be persuasively discussed when
the issue is clear cut between
hard and good times. They
are. however, convinced that
President Eisenhower and the
Republicans favor a hard
money policy which could bear
heavily upon the lower income
brackets. They are watching
to see how this policy develops
and they expect to begin
shouting when any segment Of
the economy gets hurt.
The first test, it now ap-
pears, will come in the field. of
farm prices. With the acutely
farm conscious Congress, the
most important man in the
Eisenhower cabinet today is
his Secretary Of Agriculture,
Ezra Taft Benson.
Evening star., 1953-02-03
Dorothy Thompson:
H-Bonnb Makes Stain Nervous
kremIin Nay Consider Now Is Best Time for War;
Before U S. Weapons Become Still More DeodIv

Although former President
Truman, on leaving Office,
summarized the years of his
administration as a record of
success in foreign policy. by
which we have prevented
World War III" the first act
Of his successor has been to
send the new Secretary of
State. John Foster Dulles, and
Evening star., 1953-02-03
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