davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-06-09

would change the picture COM
pletely.
The President seems to be
on the verge of obtaining such
a settlement. That is to say,
the first important step in
that direction has been taken.
Months of patient effort still
lie ahead, but at long last
there is some light in the East
ern sky. Peace with honor ap-
pears possible of achievement.
The question, then, is who
will be the first to interfere
with this fair prospect, the
first perhaps to destroy it?
Which of the self-starting
statesmen in the Senate, seek
ing the limelight, will under
take to substitute his own
course Of action for that of the
man constitutionally RESPONSE
BILE for our foreign policy? On
their behavior in the past
there are certain number OF
candidates for this destructive
role.
There are the members of
the bitter-end Chang bloc,
sometimes called the Formosa-
f1rSterS. who won't be happy
until Chang and his lady are
happy. There are those still
fearful that something may be
done to justify the existence of
the United Nations. There are,
above all, those who have an
extraordinary concept of the
Evening star., 1953-06-09

Premier Nguyen. Van Tam de-
manded that all previous
treaties with nee be
Scrapped and Wet Nam be
given the same independence
as India and Burma. France
may be compelled to yield,
although it knows that this
would mean an eventual vic
tory for Ho, who has already
shown the Indo-C Chinese peo-
pie that the Reds give their
puppets unqualified military
and political support. And the
day Indo-C China falls to the
Communists the doors Of
Southeast Asia will be banged
in the face of the Western
free world.
America has the reputation
Of losing her military victories
at the diplomatic tables. This
was demonstrated in the
Korean war. Three years ago
We went. as mandatories of
the U. N, to stop aggression
in Korea. Upon returning
from his trip to Korea last
winter Gen. Eisenhower real
lied that the struggle against
the Communist menace ex-
tended from Korea to Singa-
pore.
Gen. Eisenhower'S statement
on April 16 that an armistice
in Korea would be a fraud"
unless it ended direct and in
direct Communist attacks on
Southeast Asia expressed
forcefully his conviction that
arresting aggression in Korea
alone would not answer the
purpose for which we were
sacrificing SO much American
blood and wealth.
The armistice will solve none
Of our basic problems. 1t
merely will end temporarily a
bloodshed melted by Moscow
in 1850 when Russia chose
Korea for its first test of
strength with the United
States.
President Eisenhower was on
firm ground when he told
President Syngman Rhee that
this country would not use
force to effect the unification
of Korea. The United Nations
resolution of October 7, 1850.
when victory was in sight and
Evening star., 1953-06-09
Reds Learn Aggression Can Pay
Eisenhowers Views Arnistce Including Security
OF All Southeast Asio Are Ignored at Ponmuniom
Constontine Brown:

The final agreement on the
Red POWs was greeted with
praise in European capitals
and with fears and misgivings
throughout Southeast Asia.
President Eisenhower's
views of last April when he
said that the conclusion of
an armistice should mean an
end to the direct and indirect
attacks on the security of
Indo-China and Malaga, for
any armistice that merely re-
leased aggressive armies to at
tack elsewhere would be a
fraud" have been ignored at
Panmunjom.
Whether this matter was
raised at the top-secret talks
in Panmunjom is a we'll
guarded secret. If it was,
the Reds have refused to COM
NIT themselves about the fu-
ture. They want to appear at
the forthcoming political con-
ference with as many trump
cards as possible in their
hands.
The Reds have learned by
now that aggression can pay
political dividends. Moscow
and Peiping believe that the
United States will stand by it's
guns at the diplomatic table
and will insist on Korean
unity and cessation of Red ag-
gression in other parts of the
Far East. But they also know
that they can count on the
support of most of the United
Nations members to accom-
plish the political objectiveS
they had in mind when the
Chinese forces crossed the
Yalu River to attack the vic
torious U. N. forces in Novem-
ber, 1850.
1t is too early to judge the
future actions of the peoples
in Southeast Asia. But from
available reports from Ameri-
can observers in that area it
appears that an unquestionable
Communist political victory in
Korea may place at least Indo-
China in the Red orbit.
France is tired out. After
seven years of shadow boxing
with Ho Chi Minis forces,
the French are about to give
up. On Sunday Wet Mans
Evening star., 1953-06-09
Fletcher Knebei:
Potomac Fever

South Korea President Rhee his country fight
despite 1kes that quit Rhee figures the trouble with the
United Nations is that they haven't united any,
Russia rolls back the Iron Curtain from her Of Austria
The Reds getting friendly They decided
little more soon announced didn't have
enough room to store A-bombs.
Defense Secretary Wilson we'll the Air
Force despite budget cuts Air Force officers with him 100
cen-ha Of them along protect him half
Draft Boss Hershey he 800 calls month
from congressman seeking draft deerments
Congress the place where they lawand bypass
old
The Supreme Court rules that District of Columbia
rants must Negroes The judges unanmous-a of
them decided they'd better not South for their vacations
this
Communist "expainers get 90 work prisoners in
Korea who don't want to home Red slogan: TRY 90day
brain wash-we use nothing but soft soap"
India heads the commission exchange pris
India the worlds leading neutrals hoped she
neutralize South Korea.
Evening star., 1953-06-09
Senator's Increase
Agriculture Funds
Bill by $4 Million

The Senate Appropriations
Committee added about 81 mil
lion to the 1854 agricultural ap-
preparation bill late yesterday,
but resisted farm-bloc efforts to
increase it much higher.
AS reported to the Senate, the
bill carries a total of $716.7 mil
lion, which is 1904 million under
current appropriations, and $33
million under the Truman bud
get.
In approving $195 million, the
same as the House figure, for soil
conservation payments, the Sem
ate committee defeated three
motions to raise it to 5000 mil
lion, $210 million and 1925 mil
lion.
Senator Young, Republican, Of
North Dakota, in charge of the
bill, told reporters he would have
liked to see a higher figure than
$195 million, "but if agriculture
is to share in an economy drive,
and I think it should, we can get
along on the amount allowed"
In addition to the cash in
crease of 81 million, the Sem
ators increased two of the de-
partment's loan programs. For
rural telephone loans, the House
limit of $50 million was raised to
$67.5 million. Counting SIS mil
lion, authorized in an earlier bill,
this will give $75 million for the
coming year.
The rural electrification loan
fund also was raised SIS million.
With the carry-over, this will
make $205 million available next
year. as against $217 million this
year.
Evening star., 1953-06-09
Doris FIeeson:

In postponing their decision
on the general practice of seq
regation in the United States,
the august justices of the Su-
preme Court appear to be de-
ferring to time and circum-
stance.
Should they hand down
their decision when they re-
turn to the bench this fall fol-
lowing their summer medita-
tions, Congress in all proba-
bility will not be here. Indi-
Vidual members will speak up
in any case, of course, but
their outcries will not have the
same resonance as when they
are delivered against the Capt.
tol sounding board.
Should the decison be fur
ther postponed until next year,
it will coincide with the mid
term election campaign. This
timing would be fatal to the
fences -sitterS in the Congress
and it would force the Eisen-
hover administration to take a
stand.
The court. of course, cannot
be blamed for taking plenty of
time on so momentouS a ques-
ton. Whichever way they go.
their decision in the pending
cases must necessarily be revo-
lutionary. 1t will be bound to
echo down the political corri-
doris for years. affecting not
only situations within States
but possibly the lineup of the
major parties.
Evening star., 1953-06-09
DR.. Bunche AssaiIs
Smears and Shipping
In Talk at Vassar
By the Assoeiofed Press

POUGHKEEPSTE, N. Y, June
9.-Dr. Ralph Bunche, United
Nations official and Noble Peace
Prize winner, yesterday attacked
"smearing and shipping" in our
society which, he said, stems
from downright intolerance"
The Negro statesman, now a
member of a United Nations
Committee investigating race re-
lations in South Africa, spoke at
the commencement exercises of
290 Vassar College graduates.
Among them was his daughter,
Joan.
DR.. Bunche made no mention
of a recent statement by Repre-
sentative Powell, Democrat, Of
New York, that DR.. Bunche
would be investigated by Repre-
sentative Velde's Un-American
Activities Committee.
Decries Smearing.
DR.. Bunche told the graduates
he decried "the smearing and
Sniping that have recently be-
come unpleasant and ominous
and. one may hope, be a passing
popularity Of our society,""
Commenting on critics of the
U. NJ, DR.. Bunche said:
mo institution is beyond crit
icism or fault, but a false type
of criticism, alien to our tradi-
tionS, is growing-at times stem
ming from downright intoler-
ance, rather than honest diff
ferences and designed to SOW
suspicion, to intimidate and to
Evening star., 1953-06-09

Politically speaking, the out
of-power Democrats are get
ting the breaks of the situation.
Whatever the court does, the
next move will be up to the
Republican administration.
With what may be undue
optimism, Democratic leaders
suggest they will be able to
stand aside as a national party.
At the very least, they insist,
there will be time for any ex-
plosion to subside before they
must go into a national con-
vention.
Although the courts new
blow against segregation in
District restaurants is re-
Stricted in its application to
that comparatively small area,
foes of discrimination are jubi-
liant about it for many reasons.
They have felt passionately
that the Nations Capital in
these times could not afford
segregation in any sense, in
Guiding the international.
They note with pleasure that
the new opinion was unani-
nous.
The decision has improved
prospects for D. C. home rule.
This represents a very hand
some dividend for the anti
segregation forces in WASH
ington who are strongly for
District self-government.
Most important, the decision
yesterday carries on In the
general trend of the courts
Evening star., 1953-06-09

force into wooden conformity"
In Baltimore last Saturday,
Representative Powell, a Negro.
said he learned Mr.. Velde's com.
mittee plans to probe the activi-
ties of DR.. Bunche.
Sunday in Peoria, ILL.,. Mr..
Velde said he was puzzled by
Mr.. Powell's statement, but
added:
If there's any evidence
Bunche is subversive. Of course
he'll be investigated"
Calls for Academic Freedom.
DR.. Bunche, telling the grad
yates to cherish and guard
academic freedom" also said:
There are some who are reck-
lessly prone to brand as subver-
sive anything which does not fit
into their narrow pattern Of
thought; who initiate and exploit
every incident by claiming to
see behind 1t the red hand Of
conspiracy.
This tendency, if unchecked,
will fatally undermine the solid
foundation of confidence, trust.
and freedom of thought and con-
science upon which our society
rests and from which it derives
its unity and great strength"
Evening star., 1953-06-09

Wilbur L. williams, head of the
OTIS Steel Division, in Benefits
absence.
Mr.. Williams testified this was
done rather hurriedly because of
other claims on his time. He
said all the licenses were from
secondary" tinplate which in
cluded scrap, imperfect sheets
accumulations at mills that had
produced more than orders called
for.
The terms for the metal which
at times the jury of three women
and nine men found amusing,
varied from waste waste" to
"unmended members"
The Government charges Ben
nett was paid by checks made out
to his wife. The Bennetts are
expected to be called later to
testify.
Wolin'S defense, it was indi-
Gated in a statement to the jury,
is that he paid Mrs. Bennett
commission of IS a ton on busi-
ness with a Venezuelan buyer
she sent to him.
Mr.. Violin, a short, plump man
in q brown suit and with a re-
ceding hairline, suffers from a
heart condition. Judge Albert
v. Bryan, before whom the case
is being tried. told the jury that,
If Violin absented himself from
the court it was not to be con-
Strued as diSintereSt. He said it
would be for reasons of health.
In Court at Times.
Violin spent part Of the day in
court, as did his wife.
Thurman Arnold, former as
siStant Attorney General, is one
of Wolin's attorneys. He and
Joseph A. Lowther. Justice De-
partment attorney prosecuting
the case, tangled politely,
Mr.. Arnold was cross examin-
ing Mr.. Williams. Mr.. LoWther
objected that Mr.. Arnold, by in
terruptions, was not permitting
Mr.. Williams to complete his
answers to questions.
Mr.. Arnold took it in his stride.
He admitted he was an "incor-
rigible" witness interrupter. He
urged Mr.. Lowther to stop him
if he did it again. Mr.. Lowther
did so. but by appealing to the
Judge. The court Stenographer
stopped him herself on one oc-
casion so she could get Mr.. Will
liams' answer down. !
Evening star., 1953-06-09

the allied troops were driving
fast toward the Yalu River
provided that elections will be
held under the auspices of the
u. N. for establishing an inde-
pendent and democratic gov.
ernment in Korea" 1t said no.
where that the u. N. will con-
tinue military operations for
that purpose, as Mr.. Rhee
seems to interpret the resolu-
ton.
But President Eisenhower
was on less solid ground when
he ordered the acceptance of
armiStice terms without in
sisting on a formal pledge
from the Reds that they will
not use the armiStice to re-
group forces for new aggres-
sions or support new agrees
SionS in other portions of the
Far East. Because Of the at
titude of the Communists, this
Nation more than its Western
European allies must think in
military terms. The military
security of Eastern Europe is
at this time far less menaced
that that of the United States.
None of our allies has to
worry about its Pacific flank.
We must. The Far East has
become a mere commercial
proposition for Western Eu-
rope. It offers potential mar
kets needed for its industrial
overproduction.
The United States expert
enced in December. 1941, the
wrath of war from a warlike
nation in the Pacific. In the
dangerous and uncertain times
in which we live we may
again suffer an attack from
that area. But instead of hav-
ing to deal with an empire Of
only 30 million people we may
f1nd ourselves locked in a
struggle with military powers
many times larger and strong
er than Japan was in 1941.
Our efforts of the last three
years were intended not only
to prevent the Reds from tax
ing over Korea but also to
prevent militant communism
from spreading in Southeast
Asia. These people may now
interpret the armistice as
proof of the Reds political
and military invincibility.
Evening star., 1953-06-09

to regain the territory lawfully
pledged to it by the United
Nations in its famous resolu-
ton Of October z. 1850. is now
to be withheld from the Re-
public of Korea and, in fact.
is characterized as prospective
aggression.
The effect of the Eisenhower
letter will be far-reaching in
the Far East. It can be con-
Strued by the peoples of Asia
to mean that, if the Commu-
niStS inf1ltrate or invade them
now. they need not expect
force to be used in their de-
fenSe. 1t can be taken by the
French to mean that they
might as we'll agree to an ar
mistice and pull out of Indo-
China. 1t notifies all Asia that
the great United Nations, hav-
ing started to repel aggres-
sion, stopped in its tracks after
a war in which the use of
maximum military power was
withheld from our troops for
fear of antagonizing Soviet
Russia. Yet the Moscow re-
gime, though a member of the
U. NJ, boasted publicly at a
U. N. session that it supplied
arms and munitions to Red
China, the aggressor.
Asia may be lost completely
now to the free world-and,
as for some of the satellite
nations of Europe which had
thought the major powers of
the free world might stand
back of them if they started a
movement for liberation, all
hopes are now destroyed by
the formal announcement by
Gen. Eisenhower that the
United States is through with
physical force as a means of
obtaining redress from, agrees
sors. 1t is a historic and fate
full pronouncement and it
will profoundly affect the his
tory of the United States as
we'll as the whole world for q
long time to come.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-06-09
U. 5. Export License,
To Violin Cited at
Bribery Case Trial
By Francis P. DouoIos

The Government was building
a case today by which it hopes
to convict Martin E. Violin, New
York exporter. of bribing a Gov
ernment official.
Witnesses were called in the
Federal Court in Alexandria to
give the background on the issu-
ance of export licenses to Violin
companies. It was for these
licenses that the Government
charges Violin paid several thou
sand dollarS-the Commerce De-
partment put the sum at $2.500
Ito Henry v. Bennett of the
departments ONCE of Interna-
tional Trade.
Bennett and his wife, Mrs.
Twila Bennett of 1909 Milan
drive, Alexandria, also indicted,
have pleaded guilty. They are
awaiting sentence.
Testimony yesterday concerned
the almost unvarying success of
the Violin companies-Martin E.
Violin, Ltd. and the Chal Steel
Corp, both of New York-in
obtaining licenses through Ben
nett.
-Tinplate Involved.
Joseph P. Hebrew, OFT inves-
tigator, testified that, in the last
six months of 1851, Wolin's COM
panies obtained 81 licenses to
export tinplate, one of the COM
modities on which the Govern
ment had clamped export re-
strictions.
Mr.. Hebrew testified that Wo-
lin, Ltd, obtained II licenses.
three other license applications
were returned to it, and four
were pending when an investiga-
ton was begun. The Chal Corp,
he said, obtained II licenses, and
four were pending at the time Of
the investigation. He put the
total value of the material sent
abroad at $4,000.
He said all of the licenses ex-
cept one were approved by Ben
nett. That one was approved by
Evening star., 1953-06-09
Political Echoes Deferred, Too
OuofPower Democrats Appear to Be Getting the Breaks
From Supreme Court Delay on Segregation Issue

opinions, which has been uni
formly in the direction of
equality political, economic
and social-for all races. Any
break in this pattern would be
viewed with alarm by those
opposed to segregation. Con-
versely, their hopes rise ever
higher with each court deci-
sion that reinforces the trend.
To politicians, a provocative
aspect Of the forthcoming
segregation decision nationally
is the effect it will have on
Republican prospects in the
South. There have not as yet
been any very clear indications
of the degree to which PreSi-
dent Eisenhower's smash VIC
tory last November reinforced
the G. o. P. below the Mason
and Dixon line.
democrats claim they never
have got along so well as now,
and certainly In the Senate
and House the rancors of the
recent past seem largely for
gotten. The national COM
mittee is also making a special
effort to keep the peace.
Republicans assert that they
are building a Southern party
and will do even more of it
when they once get the
patronage wheels properly
creased. They expect to make
a real drive in the border
States next year, even to the
point Of claiming they may
pick up a Senator there.
Evening star., 1953-06-09
Lowell MeHett::
Lowell WeNett
Fate of G. O. P. Rests on Korea
Settlement Of Problem Means Everything to the Porty,
But Senate SeIf-Storters Could Destroy Prospects

There is one thing on which
the political pundits in this
political capital have been
agreed: If this Republican ad-
ministration should succeed in
winding up the war in Korea
and in establishing recogniz-
able peace in that part of the
world, the Republican Party
will be unbeatable at the polls
next year and probably for
many years to come. Whatever
their personal political preju-
dice-whether they are Demo-
Gratis or Republicans or merely
fellow travellers of one party
or the other-the political ex-
perts have been saying the Re-
publican Party will stand or
fall on it's handling Of the Ko-
rean problem.
They don't think the admin
istration has been doing very
well in other directions. They
think there is a real basis for
Democratic optimism with re-
Spect to the coming congress
sional elections. This optimism
results from the resentment Of
the farmers over declining
prices, the increasing hostility
of labor and the lack of en-
thuSiam in business circles
over the administrations tax
program. The Democrats take
satisfaction in the ineptitude
displayed by some of the Pres
ident's cabinet members. They
believe also that people gener-
ally are annoyed by the series
of rebuffs given the President
by Congress and by individual
Republican leaders. On the
other hand, they believe the
President. while retaining all
his personal popularity, has
lost enormously in prestige be-
cause he has allowed himself
to be pushed around by these
congressional leaders.
So, the punditS have been
saying, the G. o. P. has all the
appearance of a party on it's
way out before it is even set
tied in Office.
But, they then agree. an
acceptable settlement of the
unhappy situation in Korea
Evening star., 1953-06-09

by Soviet Russia. The forces
of the United Nations were
thereupon compelled to retreat
to the 38th Parallel, from
which line they have since
moved northward only a few
miles.
Now the U. N. gives up the
fight and says it will be con-
tent to seek the same goals
"by political and other meth
ods," Since physical force did
not succeed, it cannot be Seri-
ously supposed that Soviet
Russia and Communist China
now will gracefully retreat
under the perSSure of words
from the United Nations, espe-
cially when several member
governments of the latter or
ganiZation have announced
that. as soon as the fighting
ends, they will advocate ad-
mission of Red China into the
Security Council1of the United
Nations.
Thus the peace terms" are
known in advance-a reward
for the aggressor and a di-
vided Korea indefinitely. They
are the terms of humiliat-
ing surrender and defeat,
and one wonders why the Tru-
man-Acheson administration
was so soundly berated during
the last presidential campaign
when the Eisenhower admins
tration is now upholding in
every respect the very argu-
ment made by its predecessor
when Secretary Acheson. in
his testimony before a Senate
committee in May, 1850, vir-
tually begged for a Korean
armistice in and around the
38th Parallel.
Worst of all is the denial
of the right to fight for the
independence of ones country.
For, after describing the North
Korean attack of June, 1850,
as a crime" Gen. Eisenhower
now says to Mr.. Rhee that he
must not embark upon a SIM
liar course" Thus, the right