davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Policy in Foreign Trade

President Eisenhower has taken wisely
cautious position in suggesting that the Re-
ciprocal Trade Agreements Act be extended for
one year to permit comprehensive examina
ton of the country'S foreign economic policies.
While studies of this nature have been
made in recent years both by governmental
and non-governmental authorities there are
two overriding reasons why fresh look might
have value before any major legislation or any
drastic changes in policy are attempted. One
reason is that the Eisenhower administration
itself is seeking to apply new perspective to
the whole field of foreign policy, in which the
economic element is a most important part.
Efforts already are being made to cut back on
the amount of direct foreign economic aid, for
example, but it is significant that the principle
of such assistance is not being set aside.
The second reason is an external one. The
economic revival of a considerable number OF
the free nationS-Britain West Germany and
Japan are notable examples-has reached
point where expanding trade rather than
American subsidies in some form or other has
become essential. This does not mean that
all, or even major portion, of this expansion
must take place within the American market,
but it does mean that retreat on our part
to a higher-tarif philosophy would be both
a psychological and economic blow TO many
other countries The fact of the current Com
muniSt peace offensive which any day might
take the course of inviting increased Western
trade with the great potential market that
stretches eastward from Berlin to the Pacific
Ocean, bears directly upon this problem Hasty
congressional action, especially if it permitted
a return to the 'log rolling" practices by which
sectional interests supported each other without
regard to national welfare or the effect upon
foreign policy, could play directly into the
Communist hands There is, also, the element
ef quid pro quo in international trade and
Tightening of our own import regulations
through higher tariffs or new quota reStric-
tions undoubtedly would be countered by
foreign measures which would cut down our
export markets.
AS President Eisenhower said in his mes
sage to Congress, our trade policy is only one
mart. but it is vital part of a larger problem
That larger problem embraces the need to
develop, through cooperative action among the
free nations, a strong and self-Supporting
economic system capable of providing both
the military strength to deter aggression and
the rising productivity that can improve living
standards"
Certainly the stakes are high enough to
warrant a searching study before any i'm
rortant change of direction is undertaken.
The possibility of injury during an additional
years working Of the trade agreements pct Is
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Terrifying Is the Word

Senator Byrd normally rather calm
individual, says that former Defense Secretary
Lovetts description OF the Army's ammunition
foul-up is the most colossal and terrifying
thing I've ever heard" That is pretty strong
language. but there is much to justify it.
The picture, as filled in by Mr.. Lovett and
Assistant Defense Secretary Mcneil, is almost
incredible.
Mr. Lovett learned of the ammunition
shortage in Korea through chance conversa-
tions with persons returning from the war
theater. Failing to get the facts he wanted
from Army officials at the Pentagon he had
to proceed "out Of channels" and appeal in
confidence to General Mark Clark for the
information he desired. He was unable to spur
the ordnance people into effective action, and
substantial results in ammunition production
were not obtained until he brought in an out
side man and turned the job over to him.
No individuals were singled out for blame
by Mr.. Lovett, although the Senate investigat-
ing committee is still trying to nail down this
aspect of the matter Mr. Lovett blamed the
system particularly the discarding of an eff
fective World War II procurement system and
the re-eStabliShment of an obsolete" earlier
system which had proved hopelessly inadequate.
Under this older system, uneXplainedly revived
after the war, an ammunition order now goes
to AZ different divisions and must be cleared
by more than 200 officials before contract is
made. This, in some cases, has required 287
days of paper work before the letting of a
contract One contract according to Mr. Nc
Neil, travelled 10000 miles from official to
official before being signed
1t is contended that some of this is due
to requirements imposed by Congress, and this
may be true But this can hardly be more than
a small part of the explanation of this bureau
cratic Wilderness
The shocking and, one might add, the
terrifying fact is that this incompetence was
allowed to survive through so many months of
the Korean war and the larger threat of World
War III. More than two years Of war in Korea
went by before there was any significant i'm
provement in the ammunition picture. Sup
pose the Russians had decided to throw their
forces into the battle while our munitions
contracts plodded along the 10,000-mile trail.
What would we have done for ammunition?
If that possibility, even in retrospect is not a
terrifying one, then nothing is.
Evening star., 1953-04-10
April in Washington

SO long as tDise. important men can
lenDe
Their Craze decisions and disputes
to tDdlk
Beneath these blossomed trees and thus
Tecetve
A faith In God not limited by talk:
SO long as old and disillusioned men
Can look at blossoms and remember
youth
With its lost dreams, Dhich should be
dreamed again.
There shall be hope. there shah be
loUe and truth.
So long as April magic. pink and stoeet.
Can touch the barren branch, the
puzzled mind.
The soul of man shall neuer quite
retreat
From inner knowledge which the
heart must find.
No tDinter fear Is halt 80 strong aS
spring.
TodGy the cherry trees are blossominol
4 Lola S. Morqon
Evening star., 1953-04-10

published in March on the basis Of con-
tracts let or definitely projected, found
an increase of 2 per cent over last year.
One basis of stock-market fear which
may be sound is that peace would
cause a sharp decline in Government
buying-certainly of the types Of mill
tary goods now being used up in Korea
and probably of military equipment of
all sorts. 1t is safe to assume further
that peace would make way for a sub
Stantial cut in foreign-aid appropri-
ations.
On the other side of the ledger, how
ever, is the certainty that peace in
Korea would give tax-cutters big lift.
Congress already is of that mind and a
real armistice would assure repeal of
the corporate eXcesS-profitS tax next
July and, effective at the same time,
at least the 10 per cent cut in personal
income taxes already voted by the
House Ways and Means Committee.
Lower taxes means more money in
citizens pockets with which to buy
automobiles. refrigerators, television
sets and what not. 1t was two years
after World War before depression
hit seriously and in 7Ha years since the
end Of World War II there has been no
real depression.
distributed by the North American
Newspaper Alliance.)
Evening star., 1953-04-10
BY Charles E. TroceweN

to do it, somehow the classification
goes all wrong. Often the guy who
seems to be mostly mutt will come
across with some kindly deed. Saw a
grouchy bus driver be as kind and
gentle to blind man as his own
mother might have been.
Many think that kindness to animals
shows great deal. The essential kind
ness takes in all living things and does
not try to make compartments out of
nature, in which a great variety of liv-
ing things were told to live together.
It is a sad fact of this modern world
that almost every one in it is dissatis-
fed with everything else in it and
wants to change every one but himself.
Here is chance for every human being
alive. After all, the opportunity most
Of us have to be decent to animals is
not very large, but every one meets
scores Of human beings every day, and
scarcely an hour passes without an
opportunity Of being either good or bad
to one Of them. IF the occasion de-
mands harshness, all very good, but
when there Is no special reason for it,
what Is the use of calling 1t into action?
Yet on every side one sees a knit brow,
the lip Of scorn, the all-too-prevalent
sneer, all these and many other facial
evidences Of mans inhumanity to man.
It is here that one may be thankful
for those persons. no matter who they
are. or what their color. or whether
they are fashion plates or not, who seem
to find happiness and pleasure in the
sight of one. Search for reason. but
it makes no difference: One had better
accept the tribute Of smile and
gladdened eyes with q minimum of
searching. for some Of the best things
of life come the easiest. II we search
too hard we may not 1lnd them. Or
worse. they will not come to US.
Evening star., 1953-04-10
This and That .

Ones real friends in this world are
those who somehow find one nkable.
Time and chance may prevent them
from doing more than smile, but,
nevertheless, one owes them great
deal.
Here are two walters in restaurant.
One of them invariably greets you with
smile. Why? There is no reason as
far as the customer knows. He con-
cludes after a while that though his
skin is black, he is a sort of brother,
after all. The miracle is that he finds
something pleasing in you. A dozen
better dressed, more personable people
may enter: in you alone he finds some
thing which pleaseS him. Be grateful
to him.
Every one knows how it Is in busi-
ness establishment. There are dozens
Of human beings but not all Of them
get along, and some Of those who seem
to do so are only acting. for strictly
business reasons.
Poker is q grand game but those who
play it are not always friends. Some
times it is rather q desperate attempt
w Cd1AJ VOe OAC Va UAAS SdAn0 4AACOI
devices, the bluff.
And every one knows how this is:
Here are two men. outwardly much
the same, with minds attuned to each
other, but actually they hate each
other. Something about each rubs the
other the wrong way. Consider either
one Of the pair. Let him meet third
person and all is different, because
these two like each other. Their chro-
moSomes are evidently the same shape.
The mere sight Of one causes look Of
anticipation to rise in the eyes Of his
friend. Can It be that merely expect
ing something good makes him find It?
This Is an. old theory and an interesting
Evening star., 1953-04-10
To Hale or to Haul?
MOtOrist.

am surprised at The Stars treat
ment of the letter from Elmer c. Helm.
Do you mean to say that we may see
either "haled' or hauled" into court,
depending on the whim of your proof
reader?
Where is your form book? There
must be an answer somewhere.
wonder if that "u'' got in "hauled"
by mistake? Maybe the proofreader
was going too fast. Give Mr.. Helm a
better answer than that.
Grant Harrison.
Editors note: To settle the matter
out of court. while "hale" and "hauI'
are synonymous, The Stars proof
readers prefer "hale" when it is used
in the legal senSe.)
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Downtrodden Pedestrians

Drivers almost never give the right
Of way to a pedestrian crossing at an
intersection, be it mother with car
riage and flock of small children, q
cripple, or even small child alone.
They give no quarter.
had very difficult time crossing at
an intersection near the gun factory to
catch bus for my last prenatal check
UP. Despite the fact that I waited
some time for traffic to slacken, and was
obviously in late pregnancy, the oncom-
ing motorists made it perilously plain
that I was expected to jump-and Jump
I did. ii
I am usually on the drivers side of
the wheel, however, and have been
honked at angrily by the car behind
for stopping while an old man with
white cane crossed the street!
M0tOriSt.
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Regional Road Development

Retiring Public Roads Commissioner
Thomas H. Macdonald speaks with firsthand
knowledge of the problem when he proposes the
creation of some "legalized area group" to deal
with interjuriSdictional highway and bridge
problems in the Washington Metropolitan Area.
For more than 80 years Mr.. Macdonald has
watched-and participated in-the development
of roads serving the growing communities of
Greater Washington. His observations have
convinced him, just as others have become con-
vinced, that haphazard planning of traffic ar
teries throughout the urban-suburban region
no longer can be tolerated.
Much progress has been made, especially in
recent years, toward co-ordinated development
OF the regional highway system thanks to the
National Capital Planning Commission and CO.
operating local planning and governmental
agencies. Out of this cooperative movement
has come the newly formed Regional Highway
Planning Council, composed of highway plan
ners Of the District Maryland and Virginia.
This, however, is purely voluntary association
for the mutual benefit of all concerned.
AS Mr.. Macdonald pointed out in an
interview before turning his Office over to
Francis v. DUPONT of Delaware, there is grow
ing need for a statutory authority to handle
interjuriSdictional traffic problems in the area.
The proposed bridge across the Potomac River
to Alexandria is a case in point. This bridge is
recognized by all jurisdictions as of great value
in relieving traffic conditions throughout the
region-hence of benefit to all. Yet no one of
them is in position to build it without partici-
patton by the others. A joint authority could
act for all.
It is because of such mutual problems that
demands are increasing for a comprehensive
study of regional highway and general trans
portation difficulties, as basis for possible
legislation. Such a study is an essential pre-
liminary to any drastic change in the present
system Of planning and building highways and
bridges in the Metropolitan Area.
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Tokens as an Investment

have had an idea which have been
toying with for some time now and have
decided to present it to your newspaper
for such use as you may see t1t. AS Tar
as I know it is my own original idea,
and has been discussed only with few
close friends. The time is now ripe for
it's use, as you may agree.
For some months now have looked
to the maturity date of 81 900 United
States bond that I purchased for $3.50
ten years ago. Granted that I gained
$3.50 for my investment, it really doesn't
look so attractive when % per cent or
$72.50 is to be paid back on my 1858 in
come taxes. So, began to look around
to see what could have been a better
coupled this thought with my idea of
illustrating vividly that bus fares were
getting too high. Capital Transit Asks
20-cent Fare, No Pass" or five tokens
for 95 cents.
remember back in 1912, when first
came to Washington, Capital Transit
bus tokens were three for quarter. If
I had bought $3.50 worth of tokens at
that time instead of 81 900 War Bond,
I would have 5000 tokens. which would
be worth $1,710 if the P. U. c. grants the
request for fare increase to five tokens
for 95 cents. Even if the request is
denied, my 5000 tokens would now be
worth $3.50 with the tokens being
worth five for IS cents. However, if
the weekly pass were more durable
and negotiable long-term investment.
$3.50 worth of 81 weekly passes in 1912
would now be worth $1,000 at the pres
ent $2.40 weekly rate.
After checking my mathematics you
will undoubtedly agree that Capital
Transit has had fare enough.
would rather that my name not be
used lest my reference to low return on
United States War Bonds give the i'm
preston that am not supporting them
Actually, have purchased over $4,000
worth in the last ten years and am glad
haven't had to put up with 5000 Capt.
tai Transit tokens ever that period of
time. &C. G.
Editors note: Bonds are the better
investment. Every time there is fare
boost, Capital Transit issues new
tokens. All c. G. could get today for
his tokens would be his original $750)
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Stocks Rise and Fall on Tide Of War
By Joy G. Hoyden

THE REDS invaded South Korea on
l. Sunday, June Is, 1850. And news
papers the next day reported the most
severe break In prices on the New York
Stock Exchange in four years.
"Prices declined from fractions to as
much as Is points as panicky investors
unloaded the largest number OF shares
5000, ,000-in 10 years." the papers
reported.
Likewise on a more recent Sunday
last March 29-came the current Com
munist acceptance of Gen. Mark
Clark's proposal to trade sick and
wounded prisoners-the first sign that
a general break in the Korean truce
deadlock might be close at hand.
The next day stock prices cracked
again., ,750,00 shares were traded in
what the Wall Street Journal said was
"the severeSt drop since october %,
1851" And that was just an opening
zephyr of despair Following the first
friendly meeting Of the peace negotia-
tors at Panmuniom. the Journal said,
"StockS suffered the worst break in
nearly three years." Volume mounted
to 3,O50,00O shares and the drop was
the most precipitate since November,
1850, when the news came that Chinese
Communists had entered the war and
turned back Gen. MacArthur's forces
along the Yalu.
So the stock SPECTATORS run when
wars start, and they run again when
wars end. If you want to know why,
see psychoanalyst, not a newspaper
reporter.
From a purely reportorial standpoint
it is pertinent to suggest that. If peace
is to be viewed as a disaster, never
was the country so well prepared to
meet it.
Coincident with the latest stock
market slump there appeared the April
bulletin of the National City Bank of
New York, widely regarded as the Ma
tion's most accurate economic prog
noSticator. Here is the essence of its
current finding.
"The principal manufacturing indus
tries, with few exceptions where
overcapacity is chronic, are producing
all they can and shipping all they
make.
I'm the aggregate the country could
hardly be buster than it now Is, for in
a good many areas production is up
against the ceiling Of the labor supply
and plant capacity. The pressure
on the steel mills is unabated.
Total retail trade in February was
better than in January on seaSonally
adjusted basis and exceeded last years
figure by per cent. Department store
sales in March have been encouragingly
higher than q year ago, even after
Evening star., 1953-04-10
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

turn postage " By telephoning Sterling 3-7363.
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.
@. What is the botanical name Of the
Japanese cherry blossom tree for which
Washington, D. c.. is noted?-H. B. B.
A. Japanese Towering cherries are
mostly forms of Prunus serrulata. One
Of the finest varieties is the Kwanzan
or double flower tree. The single flower
trees planted around the Tidal Basin
are Of the Yoshino variety.
@. Who was the last Pope who was
not an Italian by birth?-J. H.
A. Adrian vi G522-23) was the last
''pontef1ce barbara" foreign Pope). He
was born of humble parentage at
Utrecht in Holland. Biographers state
that he was no less surprised than the
rest of mankind at his election by
unanimous voice to the papacy.
@. Are maple trees harmed when
they are tapped for sap?-L. A. s.
A. With proper care no harm should
come to the tree, for the hole through
which the sap drains heals quickly.
Some trees in Vermont, New Hamp-
shire and other sections have been
tapped annually for over a half CEN
tury, with no apparent adverse effect.
@. How many college students are
enrolled in ROTC?-F. w. o.
A. More than 100000. This is al.
most one fourth of all male college stu
dents.
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Many Kinds Of Flies.

Flies aren't just flies.
There are at least IS common species,
each with different habits but super.
f1cially quite similar In appearance.
throughout the United States. They
range from the ordinary housefy,
musca domestica, to the curious little
sarcophaga whose females bear living
young.
All probably are potential carriers
of disease and all are likely to be
nuiSanceS.
The behavior characteristics Of these
insects now is being studied intensively
by DR.. Harold r. Dodge, entomologist
of the Public Health Services commu-
nicable disease center at Atlanta. Some
varieties appear to be quite recent ar
rivals in this country.
NOnegglaying Fly.
DR.. Dodge now is especially inter-
ested, he points out, in the nonegg-
laying sarcophaga which are believed
to occur in many varieties but which
are little known to the public. They
prey on grasshoppers. snails. wasps.
bees, caterpillars or their egg masses,
and beetles. Males of some varieties
may be found summing themselves on
rocks or barren ground on hilltops.
These vary in size from less than a
quarter inch to more than an inch in
length. They are unlikely to become
human nuisanceS.
Probably the worst nuisance is the
biting housefly. stable fly or dog fly. It
accumulates in vegetable wastes such
as grass piles or piles of sea weed
and will bite man freely. It probably
is not so dangerous as disease car
rier, however, as is the common house,
fly from which it is specifically al
most indistinguishable. The long, stiff
probosciS is characteristic Of the species.
Also seldom distinguished is the
clusterfly, very similar in general ap-
pearance to the housefly. 1t fire.
quently enters houses and attics in the
fall
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Potomac River BRIDGES

We are SO embroiled over the ques-
ton of just where to build additional
bridges over the Potomac that they
are built much too slowly.
The principal controversy seems to
be over the question of whether to build
next an additional nid-city bridge or
peripheral bridge.
We know that any additional mid
city bridge would generate more local
and interstate motor traffic in down.
Evening star., 1953-04-10
In Defense of DR.. Rhee

A reader Of The Star recently wrote
scurrilous letter in which he referred
to DR.. Syngman Rhee, President of
Korea. as comic humpty -dumpty."
There is something comic in COM
Portable armchair critic abusing q great
and unselfish patriot like Syngman
Rhee, who is one Of the heroic figures
of our era. Perhaps II this small-time
critic knew that DR.. Rhee had such
achievements to his credit as starting
the first daily newspaper in Korea,
being imprisoned for seven years and
tortured by the Japanese in defense of
his country's freedom, and carrying on
an unrelenting fight to restore liberty
to his fatherland, he would not be so
free and easy with his contemplate
remarks
DR.. Rhee's uncompromising stand
that his country must be free and not
divided. his great personal courage, and
his heroic leadership in returning from
the ease and safety of the United
States to his war-ridden country, place
him above criticisms of the type your
reader indulges in. DR.. Rhee's many
friends and admirers in this country
will repudiate such ill-informed critics.
F. Stirling Wilson.
Evening star., 1953-04-10
Daylight Saving

Daylight saving time would not be
so bad If we had it only for the three
summer months, instead Of five months.
nearly half a year. Daylight saving
in June, July and August would affect
school children only for part of June
and not at all in the fall. But we
Americans go to extremes in many
things and fast time for five months
is one of them.