davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-01
By Donald MichoeI Ruuh

1t has been somewhat less
than four years now that the
educational exchange program
has been fighting it's own cold
war" against international ig-
norance. 1t has been a mon
umental success, thinks Sena-
tor Fulbright, Democrat, of
Arkansas, father of the law
that permits students from the
United States and 20 foreign
countries to study abroad for
q year in their chosen fields.
The Fulbright Act, passed in
1946, provided that proceeds
from the sale Of surplus prop
erty could be used for educa-
tional exchange.
More than 5000 students,
teachers, researchers and lee
turers, third of them foreign
nationals, already are alumni
of the scholarship program.
The cost to America stands at
about $28 million-a paltry
sum in these days of $75 bill
lion budgets.
Expansion Advocate
Senator Fulbright now is
pushing a proposal to expand
the program, which is to last
until 1865. Recently returned
from an extended trip abroad,
he brought back with him
glowing praise from United
States ambassadors in Rome,
Vienna and Paris. They refer
to the educational exchange
idea as "the little Marshall
Plan"
There have been many en-
couraging instances where
America has built good will
through.the Fulbright program.
A French minister of educa-
ton who studied in the United
States initiated American re-
forms in French schools. A
Moro princess returned to the
Philippines and established a
school patterned after the one
she attended in Kentucky.
Burma, which recently passed
a law forbidding foreign
countries from propaganda
ing there. specifically exempted
the educational exchange pro-
gram.
Invitations to such Soviet
satellites as Hungary, Poland
and CzechoSlovakia to join in
an executive agreement for the
Introduction of the exchange
program have been turned
down. Senator Fulbright con-
tends these Iron Curtain coun-
tries fear the program as they
do the Marshall Plan.
The reception the program
has had in the Communist
press is another indication of
It's value. In Finland, for ex-
ample, a Communist neWspa-
Evening star., 1953-09-01
The Governors and the FBI

report that the Communists are trying
to move in and capitalize on the verbal ex-
change between several State Governors and
the Federal Bureau of Investigation may we'll
be true. For the Communists like to fish in
waters troubled by this kind of controversy.
No one should assume, however, that this
is a fight between the FBI on the one hand
and Communists on the other. It would take
quite stretch of the imagination to identify
Governors Battle of Virginia, Shivers of Texas
or Fine of Pennsylvania as Communists or
even as fellow travellers. Yet these gentlemen
are the principal complainants, and it cannot
be said that their complaint is without sub
stance
At the bottom of the controversy are the
attempts by the Department of Justice to en-
force the civil rights Statute-attemptS which
certainly have not been without their political
overtones. Governor Battle was particularly
steamed up over an FBI investigation of mis-
treatment of Virginia State prisoner after
the person responsible had been prosecuted
and convicted by the State of felonious assault.
The FBI has no business interfering in
situation of this kind, and the Attorney Cen
eral has no business directing it to interfere.
The offense is State offense and as long as
the State authorities take appropriate action
to enforce the law the Federal Government
should keep out.
Evening star., 1953-09-01
Removing Tempos

The Star is to be congratulated for
publishing the series of photographs
showing the disastrous effect of the
temporary (?) war buildings upon the
scenic features of the Mall Before
their erection, the Identification of this
area presented a gratifying contrast to
the virgin wilderness in which I played
as boy, and its Disagreement by the
retention of these flimsy structures now
makes me reluctant to show this section
of my native city to visiting friends.
Of course, the excuse has been scar
city of suitable Office space for the mul-
titude of Federal employees. However.
if the authorities really are concerned
about this deplorable condition. it
seems to me that these structures could
be removed in sections and re-erected
in nearby Maryland and Virginia at
small expense and little inconvenience
to the employees, of whom perhaps 80
per cent already reside in the adjacent
counties of these two States. If this
suggestion were adopted, traffic conges-
ton in downtown Washington would be
reduced appreciably. In any event, !
trust that a solution soon may be found
and the beauty of the Mall speedily re-
stored, SO that we all again can be
proud of the Capital City of the United
States.
M. C. Lyddane.
Evening star., 1953-09-01
Mr.. Douglas Reports

The Government commission which has
been named to make comprehensive study of
our foreign economic policy should find the
report prepared by Lewis Douglas particularly
helpful piece of basic research. AS business
man and diplomat, Mr.. Douglas was peculiarly
fitted to carry out his assignment of analyzing
the currency and trade relations prevailing
between the United States and Britain and it
is obvious that the dollar-versus- sterling prob
lem is one of the major concerns in any con-
structive review of our own foreign economic
policies.
One needs to observe only the determined
efforts which the Communist nations-princi-
pally Soviet Russia and China-are making to
encourage trade with Britain and others of the
free nations in Europe to realize the truth in
Mr.. Douglas warning that "the unity of the
free world will remain precarious and fragile"
unless greater progress is made toward remov
Ing restrictions on exchange of goods and cur
xencieS. The postwar revival of European ma
Evening star., 1953-09-01
Time to Crack Down

1t is hardly accurate to speak of the youth
full hoodlums who have been terrorizing sec
tions of this city as Juvenile delinquents. For
while they are delinquents beyond doubt,
there is also a certain vicious quality about
their activities which should remove them from
the softer implications of that overWorked
descriptive phrase.
This budding crop of criminals (many are
IS years old or younger) roam the streets and
parks at night, seeking trouble where they can
find it. Their parents either cannot or will not
keep them under control. So it has become
necessary for Police Chief Murray to instruct
the members of his command to take hand.
''The Police Department" he said, ''is anx-
ious to work with juveniles in the prevention
of crime. But the personal rights and property
rights of law-abiding citizens must be pro-
tected, and proper police action must be taken
to curb the conduct of some juveniles, which
ranges from disorderly conduct and vandalism
to more serious crimes"
This is a position that is entirely sound
No one wants Washington to follow the pattern
of New York and some other metropolitan
cities, which include sections in which it is
dangerous to be on the streets at night. That
is the direction in which this city is heading,
however, and Chief Murray should have the
support of all interested parties in seeking to
put stop to this incipient gangsteriSm before
it gets beyond control.
Evening star., 1953-09-01
Highway Showdown

1t pays to crack down on summer SpeederS.
traffic showdown" campaign during June and
July in eleven States from Maryland to Maine
brought gratifying reduction in serious auto
mobile accidents The campaign, undertaken
as an experiment by the Northeast States Safety
Co-ordinatorS, is worth study by traffic-safety
authorities in other sections of the country.
During the corresponding two-month period
of 1852 there were 996 highway deaths in the
eleven States. This year the death toll for that
period dropped to 97O, reduction of nearly 3
per cent. It is expected that the figures for
August will reflect similar decline.
The showdown drive was inaugufated as a
result Of consultations among State highway
and traffic officials of the Northeastern States
1t was agreed to tighten up enforcement of the
speeding laws all along the line during the
vacation season, in the hope of curbing reck-
lesSnesS and saving lives. The highways were
patrolled more thoroughly and sentences for
speeding were more severe. Motorists were
given ample warning of the impending crack
down. Maryland reported a death total for
the two months of rs, as compared with SO
last year.
The experiment provides further proof of
the value of stern enforcement of the traffic
laws, especially against speeding drivers. Sta
tiSticS show that % per cent of the drivers in
fatal accidents last year were pushing the ac-
celerator too close to the floor. More persons
were killed last year by excessive speed than by
any other accident cause the National Safety
Council has announced-hence the special at
tention which safety officials giving to the
speeding menace. But the breakdown should
not be a seasonal affair. 1t is logical to assume
that year-round countrywide showdown cam
paign would save good many more lives.
Evening star., 1953-09-01
The Divided Democrats

The troubles that the Democrats are hav-
ing in setting up their mid-September rally
in Chicago make it clear that the party now
out of power has a large job on it's hands to
straighten out its own affairs.
When first announced, the Chicago meet
ing had the appearance OF welcome home to
Adlai Stevenson with the implication that all
segments of the party would be joined in
harmonious sort of reunion. The disclosure
that former President Truman was invited
rather belatedly was the first evidence that at
least the planning for harmony was something
less than perfect Next came the resignation
of General Chairman Kelly of Chicago after
conflict Of ideas with National Committee
Chairman Mitchell But perhaps the most re-
vealing OF all signs that a deep Schism still
exists within the party came when it was dis
closed that some of the leading Southern
Democrats have not been invited at all, and
that others who received invitations are plan
ming not to attend
Broadly speaking, the Democrats are di-
vided-lke all Gaul-into three parts. The
basic division is between the So-called liberal
and conservative factions, for the most part
geographic split between the Northern and
Southern elements. The liberal group, mostly
from the non-Southern parts of the country,
is divided again between those inclined to
follow the experienced political leadership of
such as Mr.. Truman and those who are loyal
to Mr. Stevenson. Additional cliques, several
of them apparently working toward strategic
preconvention positions on behalf of favorite
candidates, exist within the broader factions.
There is nothing unique, of course, in
political party-particularly one out of power
being so divided. The first concern of the
Democrats, supposedly, is to find formula of
organization, platform and candidates that will
restore them to power and there is bound to
be division of opinion as to the proper ingre-
dientS in such formula. The lberal-conserva-
tive split has been developing in recent years
and had it's clear effect in the last presidential
election when so much of the South turned to
the Republican national ticket. Mr.. Stevenson
made an impressive campaign and won many
admirers but he didn't win the election and it
was no secret that the Truman and Stevenson
formulas for working at politics were quite
different.
Neither of these two principals are lightly
armed if a real struggle for party power is in
the of1ng. Standing close by are such other
potential presidential candidates as Senators
Symington Of Missouri and Kefauver of Ten
nessee plus some who have not yet stepped
forward to reveal completely their individual
ambitions. Some of these may be in position
to compromise the North-South differences al
though there firm indications that this
cannot be done without giving the conservative
Southern group new and greater voice in set
ting party policy. Obviously, this is not going
to be accomplished at Chicago this month and
the jockeying no doubt will be continued be-
yond the 1854 congressional campaign into the
1856 convention period. It would be rash now
to predict who will come out on top, or on what
terms.
Evening star., 1953-09-01
He Invited Conviction

Police Inspector Albert l. Bullock has been
dealt with by the special Police Trial Board as
he deserves. AS a veteran, high-ranking police
officer he must have known that he was nvit-
Ing conviction under the Police Manual when
he persisted in refusing to give any explanation
of his tangled financial affairs to Senate
committee or to his chief. 1t is ridiculous for
his attorney to imply that he is the victim of
Communicative persecution.
Seldom has a trial board been presented
with more clear-cut set of charges of i'm
proper conduct by public servant with evi-
dence to back them up The report of the non
police board, composed of trustworthy District
officials reiterated the lengthy evidence which
Inspector Bullock piled up against himself
before the Senate committee and before his
Superiors. The board found that he "failed and
neglected" to file District income tax returns
for three years during which it was shown he
had amassed nearly $4,000 above his police
salary, that he disobeyed Chief Murray's writ
ten and oral demands to explain the source of
the extra income and that he also refused to
explain this income to the Senate District
Crime Investigating Committee.
1t is true, as Mr.. Bulock'S counsel pointed
out, that the inspector was acquitted of gam
bling-conSpiracy charges and that grand jury
which investigated possible perjury charges
failed to indict him. But Inspector Bullock was
not on trial before the special board for al
legged criminal acts. He was tried, and found
guilty, on administrative charges involving the
good order and discipline" of the Police De-
partment. If Inspector Bullock had gotten
away with what the board aptly called "the
arrogant defiant and altogether contumacious
conduct" of such high officer of the depart
ment, the rule book governing good order and
discipline might as well have been thrown in
the wastebasket.
The boards recommendation that the
Commissioners discharge Inspector Bullock dis
honorably, if adopted, will lead to peculiar
development. Federal Judge Holtzof has ruled
that even if the inspector is dismissed for mis-
conduct he still is entitled under existing law
ito be placed eventually on the retirement roll
on the basis of longevity and to receive the
annuity to which he has contributed. The
anomaly of any dishonorably discharged police
officer enjoying the benefits of pension sup
piled in part by the public is hard to swallow.
The law should be changed to permit such
officer to withdraw his own contributions, but
to deny him any pension based on public funds.
Evening star., 1953-09-01
This and That

IT hate to get up in the morning,
when the sun begins to shine" sang
Harry Lauder
about it should listen to w. j. B., of
Brookeville, Md, who writes:
"R. B. T., whose letter appeared in
your column recently. deserves an an
swer regarding the disappearance of
bird life.
Il often think at $50 am, on my
way to our first dispatch of mail, how
much more I enjoy life than ordinary
citizens who are privileged to stay in
bed for another hour.
For one thing, the sunrise is beau
tiful
But the main thing is that the birds
begin their sunrise serenade about that
time.
Z use their music for my alarm
clock
"AS I drive from the cottage to the
post Office. hundreds of birds flash
across the road, until I wonder where,
so many come from.
"As 1 60 back for breakfast it is
announcer STORY. Inc DlTuS nave ulSdp-
peared from the roadside. 1t is like
being in another world, no birds. and
no music. {
so I would like to suggest to friend
r. B. T. that he act as my substitute
on this early morning trek his great
great-grandfather started Isl years
ago and he will see many more birds.
IT would like to tell your readers. in
general, that in spite of man things
are not as black as they seem, if they
will only go out into the country along
Evening star., 1953-09-01
By Charles E. TroceWeN

so we have attracted numerous cardi-
mails, young and old, and they are beau
tiful to watch, and get very tame.
"One night, when going to bed quite
late, heard something on the window
sill, cracking the seeds out there in
the dark.
II was surprised, because I thought
all birds would be asleep so I put out
my light and peeped out. A tiny ami
NAL was there I used a small fash
light, and saw that he was gray on the
back and white underneath, with round
black eyes and tail about three inches
long.
He was not a third the size of a
squirrel. but he sprang up on the screen
and crawled down again head first.
Since then he has been back several
times for a visit. always late at night.
hear him land with bang on the
screen, and then come down to the
feeding tray. upside down. We can't
see from where he comes, as we are
about seven stories from the ground,
and the trees do not touch the building.
Some one suggested that he might
be a flying squirrel.
Sincerely, J. w. c."
Probably flying squirrel. They op-
crate by launching themselves from
near the top of one tree to the lower
part of the trunk of the next. Then
they run up, etc.
1t might be possible for one of these
bright animals to leap to screen, and
from there to another screen.
Flying squirrels have been reported
to this column from several points
along Connecticut avenue from time to
time over the years.
Evening star., 1953-09-01
The Red Conspiracy
M. C. Lyddane.

To The Stars editorial, "The Red
Conspiracy, which comments on the
Jenner Committees report, I'd like to
add a few observations. You say that by
1887 the Communist conspiracy to in
filtrate this Government was we'll under
way and shockingly successful. I agree,
am sure that The Star will agree with
students of the American scene that the
great depression was the largest factor
in converting too many Americans to
Communism. The depression gave the
American Communist Party it's greatest
weapons-unemployment and hunger
with which to enlist thousands in it's
ranks. But Republicans don't like to
think of the relation of the great de-
preston to Communism. 1t is always
omitted from their reports. Communism
In America is supposed to be an astutely
contrived New Deal sin.
I found the Jenner report made up
Evening star., 1953-09-01

of Washington reporters, there were
to be no quotes.
With the overthrow Of his govern
ment and subsequent arrest, the
thoughts expressed by DR.. Mossadegh
on the night of November 6, 1851, in
what turned out to be an exclusive in
terview, might be worth recalling.
First, he made the following observa-
ton, which could be taken as advice
or as warning:
Failure of the United States to sup
port "the first government of the peo-
pie" in Iranian history would mean a
serious loss of goodwill for America
and the West among all Asian nations
struggling for or aspiring to inde-
pendence and could materially increase
the chances of war.
(The United States Government
worked long and diligently, albeit un-
successfully, to find a compromise on
which Britain and Iran might agree.
Mossadegh's request for a $25-million
Export-Import Bank loan was refused.
In the last two years, however. Point
Four ALLEGATIONS of more than $40 mil
lion have been made to Iran)
Asked about the Red threat inside
Iran, DR.. Mossadegh stated that the
Communist Tudeh Party was more
vocal than virile. MoSlems do not make
good Communists, he asserted He
pointed out, however, that the Tudeh
could become real menace if the
United States failed to aid Iran.
Ironically, the anti Communist
Mossadegh fell soon after he began
dealing with the Reds in an effort to
obtain support for a stronger hand.
This Irritation with the Tudeh came
as a crack developed in the National
Front)
Evening star., 1953-09-01
BY [. Edqor Primo

DR. MOHANINED MOSSADEGH, the
~ depoSed Prime Minister of Iran,
apparently is at the end of the line.
Lodged in jail and charged with treason,
the 73-year-old leaders days may be
numbered, if dispatches from Iran are
correct But big question in that oil
plagued country is whether the force
he represents likewise is on its way out.
The intractable nationalist was the
standard bearer of the National Front
coalition. few months ago, cracks
began appearing in this party If a
strong new leader can hold the Front
together it can continue to be an ex-
tremely potent force in Iranian politics
despite the assumption of power by an
army group.
When DR.. MoSSadegh nationalized the
oil industry and ousted the British from
the great Abadan refinery, he gave his
countrymen a feeling of independence
they had not previously experienced.
This feeling which had gripped many
parts of Asia took hold in Iran. But
the stubborn leader found the British
equally stubborn and no compromise
was reached on the all-pervading oil
problem. AS valuable as oil is, you can't
eat it or stuff it in pay envelopes. That,
perhaps, is the ultimate reason for his
downfall.
Two years ago, DR.. Mossadegh came
to the United States to seek financial
aid and moral support for Iran in the
oil dispute. He ruled out press inter-
views during his stay Of some six weeks
or more.
But this reporter had a 40-minute
private talk with him in his suite at
the Shoreham Hotel. It came about
rather accidentally after an Iranian
Embassy official agreed to arrange an
introduction to the Prime Minister.
was led to DR.. Mossadegh's rooms
by two unofficial members of the visit
ing party from Teheran-Dr. Mozaffar
Baghai, parliamentary leader of the
National Front, and the lyrically named
DR.. Issa Sepahpodi (Say-pah-po-dee),
who was to act as interpreter.
We found the Prime Minister as one
would almost expect to find HMM
bed. He sat up, displaying colorful
pajamaS, as we entered, and his face
beamed in broad grin. After the in
PRODUCTION and an exchange of pleas
antries, we slipped into discussion
of Iranian problems.
Dr.. Mossadegh warmed up immedi-
ately, answering and asking questions
for almost three quarters of an hour.
(H1s reputation notwithstanding, he
did not weep once during this time.
Although in poor health, he was ami
mated and in good Spirits) There was
one catch to this journalistic windfall:
In Difference to the low boiling point
Evening star., 1953-09-01
What New Deal Meant

In commenting on the passing of
Ed Flynn. the political boss of the
Bronx, Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt said.
among other things, "He knew and
understood what the New Deal really
meant"
Most of us know what it means. We
know it means confiscatory taxes. We
know it means concentration of power
in Washington. We know it means
bureaucracy at it's worst. We know 1t
means pyramiding of debt We know
it has strengthened Communism IN
America and throughout the world.
George E. StringfellOw.
East Orange, N. j.