davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-12-10
Pldv at La Plutd

The Port Tobacco Players will
give an additional performance
of '"Ten Little Indians" on Sat-
urday night at $3.50 at the Epis-
copal Parish Hall in La Plata.
Capt. Merrel Dillon is direct
ing
Evening star., 1953-12-10

"CHARLEY'S AUNT" Q farce in thre,
acts by Brandon Thomas. produced b.
Zelda Fichandler. directed by Carl shain
ing by Leo Gallenstein. At Arena Stag,
the Hippodrome).
The Cast.
Jack Chesney George Grizzard
BraSSett Michael Lewis
Charles Wykeham I'd Gerry Hiken
Lord Fancourt Babberley Dick Sykes
Amy Spettigue Frances Sternhagen
Col. Sir Francis Chesney- Stanley Pitts
Stephen Spettigue Allen Joseph
Ella Delahay Penny YounT
Evening star., 1953-12-10

of Washington. Included in the
cast are George Graham Aber-
nathy of Arlington and Wendell
Kuhn of Washington.
Evening star., 1953-12-10
The Posing Show
ChurIey's Riotous Aunt
Arenas YuIetide Girl
By jay Cormody

Arena Stage becomes mixed little theater
1t won't be its fault
1t always being told should produce
So Thieves Carnival" imported
the critics rap knuckes
Then last night it farce hilarious
Evening star., 1953-03-15
Public Tends to Overrote archaeological Worfores Sting

and birds similar to crows"-which
was the way the Soviet's former
U. N. mouthpiece, Jakob Malik, put
his original charges.
HotefuI Form Of War
That the truth has not caught
up with the falSehood in this par
ticular case is due to more than
the usual pedestrian pace Of truth
in pursuit of explosively vicious lies.
For, as Dr.. Vannevar Bush and 9TH
ers have shown, poisoning-and that
is what biological warfare actually
is-haS deep and repugnant effect
on human beings. While it has been
practiced by the uncivilized (poiSon-
tipped arrowS) and by the civilized
Tin the palaces of Europe in earlier
centuries) man has always recoiled
from practicing mass poisoning of
his enemies and their sources of
food.
DR.. Bush seems to think that it
may have been this repugnance that
deferred even Hitler from the use
VI DIV dSC11Go. 4NOt W give 11IIlcI
too much credit for humaneneSS, DR..
Bush acknowledges that it may have
been the fact biological warfare
methods have never offered tangi-
BILE results equal to those of other
means of warfare that kept Hitler
from unleashing germs against his
enemies.
Great Score VoIue
This last is important. For bio
logical warfare is improved and its
scare value seems greater than its
actual worth as a weapon. This is
recognized by military experts in
BW. scientists, public health authori-
ties and the Civil Defense Admin
istration which has published
pamphlet urging the public to kill
the myths" that BW can killsmil-
lions and cause terrible epidemics.
There are two general types Of
BW agents. The ''living agents" are
diseased insects, bacteria, viruSeS,
fungi and rickettsia, which can cause
sicknesses or death in people. ami
mails and plants. Then there are
Evening star., 1953-03-15

the same our troops have in Korea
but the slight Chinese find it heavy.
American Marine communications
experts are working feverishly on
the problem of obtaining radio and
phone equipment and teaching the
Chinese to use it.
Gen. Davies and his training unit
recently launched six-week in
tensive course of instruction for
Nationalist Marines in amphibious
assault landings. The Chinese at
Tsoying naval base saw a dress
rehearsal landing by United States
Leathernecks, including a submarine
reconnaissance.
The course includes II subjects,
landing intelligence. logistics, recon-
naissance, communications, staff
planning and basic amphibious
training. After completing the
course the Chinese Marines will
stage their biggest practice land
ing, employing several thousand
men and using their own equipment.
Then, If the tides and the powers
that be are willing, they will be
ready to start the long road back.
Evening star., 1953-03-15

United States Marine insigne. Their
craftsmanship improved from for-
rible to excellent. They were always
good mortarmen. They became
practiced in the use and mainte-
nance of amphibious tractors. They
are becoming crack troops.
Gen. Davies men, now bringing
the training to peak, say the Chi
neSe Marines are good up to bat
talon level and can account for
themselves very well in battle. The
individual Marine is good physical
specimen, eXcellently disciplined,
about 26 years old. Unless he is over
80 or major, he is single.
The Chinese Naval Service con-
trolls the marital status of its men.
When man becomes a major or 35.
he may ask the Navy commander
in chief for permission to wed.
Twice year, the Navy chief con-
ducts a mass wedding ceremony.
Then, the married men get house
and plot of ground to grow food.
Shorp Soldiers
Gen. Davies men say this about
the Chinese Marines:
II have yet to see one with
a dirty rifle This is definitely
something new for the Chinese
military man.
The cost of maintaining the CMC
is low. They build their own hutS
and grow their own food. Some
units keep their own pigs.
Their biggest weakness is in COM
munications; they still use carrier
pigeons as a principle means of
passing information. Part of the
trouble, too, is due to the many
Chinese accents which make spoken
or code commands in the Army's
standard Mandarin dialect hard to
understand. The American COM
munications equipment they use is
Evening star., 1953-03-15
Chiong's Best Invasion Bet

and September sailing is impossible.
Typhoons at this time could wipe
out an entire army.
But could Chiang's forces success
fully invade Fukien without the
active participation of American
military forces? AS far as the actual
fighting goes. Chiang's men could do
1t all. But the United States still
would have to pay the bills.
The Nationalists would have to
have these things from the United
States: More small landing craft.
more planes particularly jets and
troop carriers. food, ammunition
and clothing.
The Advantages
What are the advantages Of
move of this kind by the National
lists? From a military standpoint.
two Communist armies would be
destroyed. the shortest line of sup
ply between Shanghai and Canton
would be severed, and the National
lists could conduct reconnaissance in
force in South China from behind
the mountain walls of Fukien.
But the greatest advantages would
be economic and political, assum-
ing Chang brings to Fukien the
same enlightened government he
has recently established in FormoSa.
Given the supplies necessary for his
army to be self-supporting while
occupying the province, Chang
should be able to abstain from levy
ing high taxes on the Fukienese.
He could deliver to the people of
South China the shining example
of honest government and peaceful
intentions they have been waiting
for since 1887, when the Japanese
blockaded the South China coast.
1t is estimated that 100000 Com
munist soldiers are immobilized in
South China by police duty at the
present time-immobilized by little
guerrilla bands of small farmers
and tradespeople. The impact Chi
ang's occupation of Fukien would
have on these people could be i'm
menSe. The result could be COM
plete disruption of Communist ac-
tivity in South China and-moSt
important to the United States
a reduction of Chinese Communist
pressure in Korea and Indo- China.
The catch to the whole scheme,
of course. is the cost to the United
States Chang is not getting enough
help now to pull off any invasion.
even of Fukien. Setting him up to
do it would make the American
budgets harder than ever to bal
ance. And the Republicans are
pushing hard for tax cut, at least
by mid-1954. Some of the most
economy minded Republicans, how
ever, are the same ones who have
been most friendly to Chang in
the past. Perhaps that is why the
Chinese Nationalists still have hopes
of wrangling more aid. Perhaps,
too, that is why Madame Chang
had lunch with the Eisenhowers
the other day.
Evening star., 1953-03-15

AS every one had predicted all
along, the Soviet bloc in the United
Nations again has dragged out the
old and discredited charge that the
United States is guilty of waging
meteorological warfare in Korea.
Though the charge is utterly base
less, it has a propaganda value: 1t
blackenS the name Of the United
States among the ignorant, the
credulous and the fanatical all over
the world.
But why meteorological warfare,
of all things?
It may be, as some have suggested,
that the Communists are using the
charge to explain away epidemics
of typhus. bubonic plague and cholera
which have repeatedly ravaged China
and North Korea since the Commu-
nists started the Korean war 80
months ago.
Stoee- Setting
There are those who speculate that
the Communists may want to set
the stage for possible retaliation
with biological agents when and If
it suits their convenience.
A more intriguing outcome Of the
charges comes from United States
Army prisoner Interrogation officers
in Korea. Our forces have learned
that Chinese company commanders
have improved the Chinese soldiers
idea of personal sanitation by warn
ing him that "BW will get you
if you don't watch out" This is
most remarkable achievement as
any one who knows anything about
the Chinese soldiers ingrained dis
taste for sanitation. personal or pub
lie, will tell you.
The original charges were easily
discredited. So easily, indeed. that
normally cautious high-ranking
Chemical Corps officers have been
heard to say that they ought to be
stripped Of rank and authority II
they couldn't do better than scatter
germs by dropping infected '.yel-
low leaves. cotton bags. biscuits, tin
goods. infected pork. goose feathers
Evening star., 1953-03-15

Public Health Service are working
on them.
Perhaps the most persistent myth
existence of new and strange.
agent of super r-virulency"-dea
malignant and extremely conta-
giouS. Experts have discredited the
rumor. Gen. Greasy has said that
nowhere in biological warfare pub
lications by reputable authorities
does one find mention Of such hypo-
thetical new agents"
Another myth has it that tiny
amount of the toxin that causes
botulism food poisoning will kill mil
lions of people. This myth arose
from the discovery by laboratory
workers that single ounce of the
poison would kill about $40 billion
white mice. One sensationalist COM
pared the weight of a human being
with the weight of a white mouse
and declared that one ounce of the
poison would kill more than 200 mil
lion human beings.
A Lot of Ifs
Actually scientists don't know
whether human beings could be
killed as easily by botulism as white
mice but they are certain that the
idea that one ounce of the poison
could be equally distributed over
200 million persons-about the pop
ulation of North Americas pre-
poSterouS nonsense. That doesn't
mean, of course, that botulism
poisoning might not be good BW
weapon if larger quantities than an
ounce were distributed. However.
the sensationalists have overlooked
the fact that the scientists who dis
covered that one ounce would kill
$40 billion white mice, also discov-
cred and developed a toxoid that
will make a person immune or re-
sistant to botulism poisoning.
Our best insurance against
BW being used against us, Gen.
Greasy says, is to let "our enemies,
know that as minimum we are
capable. within the limits of scien.
tific knowledge. Of defending our
selves adequately"
Evening star., 1953-03-15

cal warfare. has said that "the pur-
poseful creation Of clouds of such
individual cells could be one of the
most important objectives of bio
logical warfare"
Soboteur with q VoIise
A saboteur carrying his equip
ment in an ordinary suitcase could
contaminate the air of any "in-
closed space where people congre-
gate" Gen. Greasy has said. And
specially designed bombs or shells
could be used to distribute the
infected clouds over large cities.
All this is fearsome enough. But
BW people are confident that
our medical and health facilities
can cope with it. A quick detection
system includes the family doctor,
veterinarians and food inspectors.
These are the people who will be
in the front lines of an outbreak
of disease. Public health organiz,.-
tionS could then swing into action
with control measures. Success in
controlling typhoid fever, smallpox
and other diseases leads BW ex-
perts and public health authorities
to believe that adequate control
measures would reduce the degree
of infections to manageable pro-
portions
infectious agents Of the kinds
that would probably be used do
not as a rule live long and there
fore. the danger that a single raid
would have lasting effects is remote.
It may be necessary to decontami-
nate certain areas where the in
fectious agents might persist. but
this is job that the public health
services understand and efforts are
being made to develop mobile equip
ment for rapid decentralization of
infected areas.
Fost Detection
For fast detection the Chemical
Corps has developed device which
permits the identification of bacteria
within a matter Of hours where for
merly days were required. Even fast
er methods are believed possible and
both the Chemical Corps and the
Evening star., 1953-03-15

Now that President Eisenhower
has lifted the ban on Nationalist
Chinese action across the Straits of
Formosa, the attention of the people
of the United States has been
focused on little-known Fukien
Province, directly opposite the Ma
tionalist bastion on Formosa.
Except for a -mile-wide strip
along the coast, there is literally
no level ground in Fukien, an area
a little larger than New England.
The rest is mountains. In some
places the peaks reach as high as
5000 feet above sea level. They are
covered with tremendous trees and
dense tropical underbrush. Eight
million people live there.
There are no railways and only
five scattered airstrips in the
province. Only four narrow cor
ridors, threaded with steep one-lane
roads, allow vehicular traffic to
penetrate the rugged terrain. These
roads rise to heights of 1000 feet
above sea level. They are tortuous
to the extreme and are subject to
frequent washouts and rock slides.
Because of the extremely rugged
terrain and the consequent diff
Guilty in communication by land.
Fukien. throughout history, has been
linked much more closely with For
moSa than with its neighbors on
the mainland of China. The people
have been forced by nature to use
the rivers and sea lanes for, high
ways. The products of the ocean
provide much of their food. The
Fukienese have provided China with
most of her famous sailors. Emil
grants from the province form large
segments of the Chinese colonies in
Singapore, Java, Sumatra and the
Philippines. Almost 80 per cent of
the Chinese population on Formosa
are Fukienese and speak Fukien
dialects.
Its tall mountains dominating the
surrounding hills and plains Of
Kiangsi, Chekiang and Kwangtung
Provinces, Fukien for years has pre-
Sented an interesting problem for
the military strategist. Now it offers
a real threat to the Communist
domination of South China.
Chiong's Chances
Should Chang Kai-shek decide to
start his promised liberation of the
mainland of China by the occupa-
ton of Fukien, what could he hope
to accomplish?
The Nationalists could, many
military men believe, establish
a stronghold and rallying point
in Fukien. This province is easily
defensible from a vastly superior
counterattacking force as long as
Chang and his allies control the
sea approaches. From this baStion,
by aggressive and enlightened
economic. political and military
action, Chang could disrupt the
Communist forces in South China
and would have a good chance of
defeating them eventually.
Evening star., 1953-03-15
By John B. Spore

the hormones or growth regulators"
the most common of which are the
ones used to kill weeds.
BW experts believe that the most
promising way to distribute infec-
tiouS agents is to Saturate the air
with them. This method has never
been tried in war but they believe
that the distribution of disease pro-
ducing agents in the air in the form
of a fine mist or spray similar to
the spray created by aeroSol bombs
and atomizers is quite possible.
DeodIy Mist
This would not be serious If the
infectious agents were distributed
as nature produces them-in clumps
and chains and mixed with moist
organic matter. In this form most
of them are too large to penetrate
the lungs. But these bacteria can
now be grown in single cells and
distributed in the form of mist.
Brig. Gen. William M. Greasy, the
Army's top research officer in chemi-
Evening star., 1953-03-15
Mao and MuIenkov-
Chinese Chief Can't Afford Rift
With UPstort Stain Successor
By Earl n. Voss

II Mao TSe-tung ever publicly
thumbs his nose at Georgi Malenkov,
it will be after Red China has be-
come strong enough militarily and
economically to fight its own bat
~tleS-or after the new Soviet dicta-
tor has fallen from power.
This is the conclusion to be drawn
from a review of Mao Tse-tungs
past theorizing on the place of his
country in the world Communist
movement.
Privately, Mao may rate himself
ahead of Malenkov. He would be
less than human. and less than
Chinese, if he did not. On the
other hand he has always felt the
need of Soviet friendship too much
to risk a go-it-alone, Titoist-type
break with Moscow.
This is not to say that Mao
would not allow himself to differ
with the Kremlin. He has before.
He may again. But he doesn't talk
about such differences. He tries to
cover them up.
The Peosonts' Revolt
Take Mao's handling of the Chi
neSe peasants revolt which he led.
He is widely credited throughout
the non-Communist world with
having proved the need for revision
in the old MarXiSt-LenIniSt theory
that the urban proletariat is the
only group capable of leading a Red
revolution. But Mao has never
taken the credit due him.
His most important paper on the
peasant movement in China-the
one that won him his international
reputation as theorist beside Marx,
Lenin and Stalin-was "On the New
Democracy" written in Yenan in
1910. Mao bluntly pointed out that
Evening star., 1953-03-15
By Edword S. Jones

Just what are the Communist de-
fenses in Fukien?
This province stands in a unique
position from Nationalist point of
view. Because the Communists are
denied the use of the sea lanes and
because land transportation is ex-
tremely difficult, only a limited
number of Communist troops can be
garrisoned there. Quick reinforce
ment Of these troops Is almost i'm
possible.
At present two Communist armies
have been identified in the area,
aggregating about 10000 electives.
One army has its headquarters at
Sha-hsien, formerly a Nationalist
replacement center. with the mis-
sion of patroling the highway be-
tween Kienyang and Changing
(see map, securing the mountain
passes at these two places; and
maintaining the air strips at
Changing and Kiennow. It should
be noted that the Kienyang Chang
ting highway is part of the only
through road from the Yangtze
River to Canton within 800 miles
of the coast. The only way that
the Communists can rapidly move
reinforcements into the Province is
by use of this road.
The other Communist army has
been identified along the coastal
highway between Foochow and Annoy.
This road is wide and level and
offers an excellent line of COM
munication between the two cities.
However. the coast along which the
highway runs is indented in at least
100 places by coves and harbors
capable of admitting shallow draft
landing craft. A few miles to the
west are mountains that dominate
the road along it's entire length.
The city of Foochow in the north
is completely surrounded by noun
tainS and is untenable if these
mountains are seized by landing
forces above and below the city.
The island city of Annoy, with its
excellent air field, is now under
the guns of the Nationalist forces
on the nearby island of Quemoy.
The Communist forces in this area
cannot be reinforced rapidly from
north or south, because there are
only mountain trails to the north
and an almost impossible highway
to the south.
Weather in that part of the world
plays an important part in military
operations, of course.
The best part of the year for
crossing the straits is from Septem-
ber to March, when the northeast
trade winds are blowing. The trip
can be made overnight in sailing
junks and sampans from the north
ern section of FormoSa. From
March to August the southeast
trades are lighter, however. and the
trip under sail would be longer and
more dangerous because the force
would have to cross from the south
ern section of the island. In August
Evening star., 1953-03-15

the peasantry formed the basis for
the Chinese revolution. But he
claimed that the proletariat was
leading the peasantry. He even
said that the Communist Party in
Yenan was the vanguard of the
proletariat. No one knew better
than Mao that the proletariat-the
propertyless urban working class
is practically non-existent in China.
In 1949 on the 28th anniversary
of the founding of the Chinese Com
munist Party, Mao was singing the
same tune. He listed this as one of
the two basic lessons OF CCP history:
We must owoken the moses in the
country. This is to unite the working
classes, the peosont Gloss, the petty
boureeoisie, and notionoI boureeoisie into
q notionoI united front under the Ieoder-
ship Of the working Gloss, and develop It
into stote Of the peoples democratic
dictatorship led by the working Gloss with
the alliance Of workers and peasants os
its bosis.
The other lesson he said the Chi
neSe Communists had learned has
special application now:
We must unite in O common struggle
with those notions Of the world who
treot US on the bosis Of equolity and
with the people Of oil countries. This is
to ally ourselves with the Soviet Union.
to oily ourselves with all the new demo-
crotie countries. and to oily ourselves with
the proIetoriot and the brood masses
Of the people in other countries. to form
on international united front.
This idea that China dares not
stand alone has been fundamental
Evening star., 1953-03-15

lectors without pay. The Govern
ment attached their bank accounts,
effectively putting period to that
minor revolt.
AS far as the social security
headquarters is concerned, the work
involved in tabulating domestics'
social security tax receipts is neg
ligible. Only about 100000 returns
roughly per cent of the total num-
ber of accounts in social security
fall into this category. These roll
in each quarter april 80 is the next
deadline), and are handled routine
ly by the 4,500 full-time workers at
the Baltimore accounting Office.
The Bureau of Internal Revenue
has issued household employers
social security tax guide for the
reporting and payment of taxes for
such employees as maids, laundresses,
cooks, housekeeperS, gardeners, jan
itors, furnacemen, handymen, prac-
tical nurses, governeSSeS, Wallets, but
lers and chaufeurs.
The guide explains that a per
cent tax is imposed-1h per cent
on employes-under the social Sc
curity system.
Those Odd Cents
Directions are given in the guide
for the housewife who prefers to
pay her laundress a full SIS instead
of the balance after deducting tax.
1t is explained that S. may be
treated as the taxable wage for any
amount paid between $3.50 and
$5.49.
The guide also contains instruc-
tions concerning the correction of
mistakes. the keeping of records
and penalties for late filing of re-
turns. A helpful bit of information
not in the guide was offered by Mr..
Baker concerning the inclusion of
household employees on business
wage returns. He said that house
wife's spouse may add the house.
hold employees to his quarterly en-
ploye withholding tax reports.
Mr.. Baker said there is no par
ticular advantage in this method
and that in most cases, apparently.
husband prefers not to have his
business reports involved with the
wife's household operations. Any
way, it Is fair bet that this week
of all weeks, Friend Husband won't
be amenable to anything that looks
like additional dealings with the
tax collector.