davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-10-02

peasants in Turkey. Peas
ants pay no national taxes
and they have had a very
great share of Marshall Plan
assistance, both to help them
increase their yields and in
animal huSbandry.
At some point in the Turk
ish drive toward Westerniza-
ton, a better balance will
have to be struck with the
city dweller, whose numbers
will increase with industrial
ization and education. At
that point, too,. the santa
ton, hygiene and public
health programs which are a
crying need will move up.
Meanwhile, the peasants
furnish most of the military
forces and since the military
accepts almost without ques-
ton American ideas and
principles, it is the great
leaven of Turkish life today.
Unfortunately, the conscripts
serve only two years but much
is accomplished in that period,
according to Gen. Shepard.
Also, the military-trained
drivers and mechanics who
return to the farms push the
modernization of agriculture
ahead at many times the rate
that could ordinarily be
achieved.
Turkey is not being confnet
Evening star., 1953-10-02

achievement of these pur.
poses"
It is obvious that Mr.. Brow
nell is aware of the great grant
of power inherent in the
Charter. yet he has taken q
position in opposition to the
adoption Of the pending
amendment.
Is it not reasonable to
assume that a Congress in the
future might attempt to pass
legislation to implement this
power. which is obligatory"
upon the United States?
Prior to the time that he
became Secretary of State, Mr..
John Foster Dulles said.
Treaty law can override the
Constitution. They
(treaties) can cut across the
rights given to the people by
the constitutional Bill Of
Rights" Yet despite this seri-
Gus threat to constitutional
government he appeared be-
fore the Senate Judiciary
Committee and testified that
he was opposed to any consti-
tutional changes in the treaty.
making power. He asked Con-
gress to go along on faith by
accepting the promise that the
administration would not
press for adoption of the
Covenant on Human Rights
and other covenants now
pending, each one affecting
basic American rights pre-
sumed to be protected by the
Constitution. The attitude Of
the Attorney General and the
Secretary of State in view Of
these threats is difficult to un-
derstand.
The dangers of treaty law
are best illustrated in the IA
nous steel seizure case which
involved the right of President
Truman to seize private prop
erty. The Chief Justice in q
dissenting opinion said that
under the United Nations
Charter and other interna-
tional treaties, the President
had the wight to seize private
property. He said: Our
treaties represent not merely
legal obligations but show
congressional recognition that
mutual security for the free
world is the best security
against the threat of aggres-
sion on a global scale" By
this language the Justice went
all the way to say that under
a treaty, the President has
power not granted to him by
the Constitution. Thus treat
les would have become the
domestic law of the land If
the doctrine announced by the
Chief Justice had prevailed.
This constitutional blind
spot must be removed by an
appropriate amendment. Every
right protected by the Consti-
tuition and the Bill Of Rights
is presently in jeopardy. All
doubts will be resolved by
passage of the amendment.
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Thomas L. Stokes

We've had "Swearing-In
Week" around here for Presi-
dent Eisenhower's commits
sions. Three of them this
week. All of which en-
phasizes again, if we need to
be reminded, how wide a range
of problems this administra-
tion has consigned to labora-
tory study-and thereby to
postpone action or attempted
solution.
The three which began to
organize and get to work in a
single week are only a frac-
ton. There are nearly a score
more. One of the three this
week was the revamped
Hoover Commission on Gov
ernment reorganization
headed by the ex-President,
which has far wider powers
than the previous Hoover
Commission. since it can in
f1uence Government policy and
does not have to conf1ne itself
to efficiency as did the other.
Another is the Commission
on Intergovernmental Rela-
tions, headed by DR.. Clarence
E. Manion, former dean of
Notre Dame Law School. 1t
is delegated to study Federal
and State functions and ad-
wise whether some current
Federal responsibilities should
be shifted to the States. The
third is the Advisory Commit
tee on Government Housing
Policies which is supposed to
come up with an answer on
public housing and its scope.
To see which way these
commissions are likely to move
1t is helpful to examine and
analyze their personnel. You
discover they are well weighted
on the side of conservatism,
with a preponderance of their
membership inclined against
participation by the Federal
Government in social and
economic problems in the
New Deal and Fair Deal pat
tern; but with stress rather on
private enterprise" and State
and local responsibility.
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

Adai Stevenson Ike to propose aggression
treaty with Russia Ike wants to do little research first
not Russian diplomats permitted mention non
aggression in between their invasions
Ike nvokeS the TaftHartley law in the East
strike The TaftHartley law works double hardship
President He not only has invoke ihe it,
The price of long distance telephone calls up Repub
always promised that they got n you'd sleep
peacefully at night.
The United States South sign mutual defense
call defense pact agree pro-
tect somebody-and they don't object.
Stevenson President Ike on his six-months'
world Adla happy report the
world problems confronting the G. O. p couldn't
get before the next election.
White defends "leaks" OF Government news.
you've got expect administration
has lost its only plumber.
Former Minister Attee deplores witch
hunting" America British politicians sighted
busy with the Reds doesn't bother bait the British
Evening star., 1953-10-02

commission to decide the num-
ber of hours during which the
captives must listen to EEK
plantations" in the 90-day
period.
The last report, as I write,
is that the explanations will
be conducted for eight hours
daily. six days a week, ex-
tended to seven in the final
stage.
Under the truce terms the
explaining representatives are
allowed to bring with them the
necessary personnel for wire
less communications. This
means, I take it, that the cap
tives can continually be as
saulted-with no way to turn
off the radio. I submit that
this is a torture designed to
create a condition of feeble
mindedneSS.
We are not innocent Of
knowledge how this BRAIN
washing operates. Father Mark
Tennien told how it was oper-
ated on him while he was a
prisoner Of the Chinese Com
munists. Father Tennien has
a strong mind and faith, but
it almost drove him witleSS.
The crowning Communist
triumph was to associate rep
resentatives of humane peoples
with this psychological tor
ture-SWisS, Swedes, Indians,
and, of course, the U. N. forces.
No force" may be used on
prisoners, and members of the
commission must see that pris-
Evening star., 1953-10-02
More Money for Commerce
Is Hope of Secretary Weeks

and sounding board for bringing
business information and buSi-
ness opinion on vital matters to
Government and industry, in
cluding reports on business con-
ditions to the direct attention
of the Commerce Department
for appropriate action"
The Secretary emphasized that
the formation and operation of
industry advisory councils does
not mean business is going to
tell the Government what to do"
But the advice of businessmen in
various fields is essential if the
department is to serve efficiently,
he said.
Conferences are going on be-
tween representatives of his de-
partment and the antitrust di-
vision of the Justice Department
as to the activities and direction
of the advisory council, but no
conflict is expected, he reported.
Evening star., 1953-10-02

This was to be expected and
is pointed out SO that the pub
lie may know. For the Re-
publican Party came into
power on a platform of change.
The chief motive in appointing
commissions to study problems
which have been studied al
most ad infinitum for many
years is to get reports to JUS
tify change. In order to get
the kind of reports you want.
it is necessary to pack" the
jury.
This explains, for example,
why on the Federal-State
Functions Commission, the two
Democratic Governors who
were selected are staunch
"State-Righters" s"-Allan Shiv-
ers of Texas, who bolted to
the Republican Party in the
last election, and John S.
Battle of Virginia, represent
ing the conservative, State
Rights Byrd machine. That's
a sample of how it's done. IN
teresting to note, too, if you
know the gentleman's back
ground, is that this commits
sion also includes former Gov.
Sam Jones of Louisiana who.
you may recall, set of the
first state Rights" revolt in
the South against President
Roosevelt and the New Deal
back in the early 1940S. the
prelude to later Dixiecrat
movements. For that Sam
Jones was quite celebrated at
the time and became the
darling of Democratic con-
servativeS and Republicans.
The commission contains all
sorts of persons of varying
backgrounds and views, and
diverse professions and busi-
nesSes. Of those who are now
Governors or are in Congress,
13 in all, the weight is much
on the conservative side, and
so is the commission, overall.
That is true, too, of the
Hoover Commission. For that
reason, the friends of public
power in particular have been
disturbed because preliminary
statements from within the
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Thomas L. Stokes
It's Study Time in Washington
New Commissions Named to Look Into Many Problems
Seen as Packed in Order to Get Only Business Views

commission, which is author
lied to recommend abolition
of existing Government func-
tions, have concentrated on
public power. This anxiety,
as regards one vast and sue
ceSsful venture, was concisely
expressed by the Tennessee
Valley Public Power Associa-
ton News, organ of the asso-
citation, thus:
Friends of iva have viewed
the new commissions work
with some alarm, partly be-
cause of the public utteranceS
by Mr.. Hoover and some of the
other members on the public
power issue. It will be recalled
that the former President pro-
posed in a speech in Cleveland
last April that President Eli
Senhower take the Federal
Government 'out of the busi-
ness of generating and distrib-
uting electric power as soon
as possible"
AS for the housing survey
group, the third sworn in at
the White House this week,
Senator Kefauver. Democrat.
of Tennessee, described it
bluntly as twenty lone men and
no women" He said, while
there are several public -spir-
tied men listed, it seems to be
rugged against public housing
programs" He added that it.
''is loaded with representatives
of lending institutions and big
builders whose lobbieS have
fought attempts to clean up
slums and to make decent
houses possible for low income
groups with Federal aid"
Manifesting similar skepti-
cism, Senator Sparkman, Dem
ocrat, of Alabama. 1858
Democratic vice presidential
candidate, broke the housing
committee down as follows:
Officers Of banks and lending
institutions. 10: operators Of
real estate and building busi-
nesses, 5: architects. 2; veter-
ans. /: labor, 2. and all civic,
professional, church, research
and planning agencies, /.
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Dorothy Thompson
Eorp|ugs for Prisoners Of War
Red Explanatory Squads in Korea Called Soesnen
Of Torture Who Won't Shut Up Until They've Sold

oners are not beaten. only sub
jected to the constant drip.
drip of words on the brain CEN
ters-a lobotomy performed
without surgery, and also with
out anaesthesia. Reports pre-
dict that photographs or re-
cordings of the meetings
will not be permitted"
Keep it dark.
How can Swiss cooperate
with the atrocity? I appeal to
the Swiss in the name of Henri
Durant, the founder Of the
Red Cross, who could not even
imagine this form of abuse Of
captives. Or a Swede? I ap-
peal to Swedes in the name
of the great Scandinavian.
Nansen. Or an Indian? What
would Mahatma Gandhi say?
The prisoners have evoked
a new right of man: The right
not to listen. 1t is epoch
making! Humane states OF
the next age may find it nee
essary to write it into their
constitutions: The right to turn
off the radio, shut off the tele-
vision, walk away from the
buttonholer, throw out the
salesman. ~.
The human objects OF the
word-drip treatment cannot
walk out. They are captives.
Imagine yourself shut up for
80 days with a supersalesman.
who would only stop talking
when you were "sold."
Won't somebody start cam
paign to fly earplugs to Korean
prisoners?
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Doris FIeeson-

ANKARA. Turkey, Oct. q
The Turkish military is the
biggest university in Turkey.
thanks to American aid and
the Turks iron resolution to
rank with the first nations of
the West.
There is nothing they won't
tackle and, according to Gen.
Whitfield P. Shepard. head of
the American military mission,
nothing they can't learn, given
time and training. He makes
this statement with the calm
assurance Of a man who has
been training troops most OF
his life.
What this means is that
there is a foreseeable end to
actual American training as
the Turkish cadres increas-
ingly take over responsibility.
What will be necessary for a
very long time is United States
heavy equipment of all kinds
and either technical schools
here, with first-class American
staffs, or access in some guam
tity for Turks to the good
engineering and technical
schools in the United States.
At present, the Turks are
building their economy on the
peasant, which makes sense
to the Turkish politician since
the Lord made so many
Evening star., 1953-10-02

Last Tuesday the U. N. COM
mand in Korea, via Brig. Gen.
A. L. Hamblen to 1t. Gen. K. S.
Thimayya, Indian chairman
of the neutral commission,
protested a letter distributed
to Korean war prisoners by the
neutral nations repatriation
commission which guaranteed
the captives freedom to return
to their homes. The protest,
in effect, accuses this commits
sion of rigging its instructions
to the prisoners in favor Of re-
patfiation, and Of informing
them that they absolutely
and of necessity are required
to attend the explanatory
work" provided for in the
armiStice.
This column repeats its
comments of June IL on the
truce agreement as it concerns
prisoners of war. The agree
ment itself is rigged in favor
of repatriation. Prisoners who
resist are, by this agreement,
deprived of the right to have
a country. Their status is re-
duced to that of wards and
refugees.
The agreement specifically
enjoinS the neutral nations re-
patriation commission to pro-
tect access to the prisoners Of
explanatory teams" whose
business is to Inform them of
any matters relating to their
return to their homelands."
The neutral commissions let
ter to the prisoners is there
fore in full accord with the
armistice agreement. The
agreement was an atrocity,
which apparently becomes re-
vealed as such only when the
process of putting it into OPP
Grafton begins.
That the function of the
commission was to further re-
patriation Is revealed in its
title: 1.-THE Neutral Nations
Repatriation Commission" No
commission was needed for re-
patriation of the willing. They
are automatically repatriated
under the truce. If the COM
mission were for the protec-
ton of the captives. it would
have been so designated.
And it would never have
been charged to admit BRAIN
washing teams to captiveS.
The agreement left it to the
Evening star., 1953-10-02
Eisenhower Appeals
To Civil Defense
Leaders TO Garry On
By the Associated Press

Civil defense leaders, sharply
split over how to go about their
task, were eXhorted by Presi-
dent Eisenhower yesterday: ''No
matter what things look like at
the moment, please keep going"
The Presidents appeal came
when State civil defense directors
left their annual conference to
pay White House call.
At the conference, Democratic
Mayor Joseph S. Clark, jr., of
Philadelphia said it is up to the
President to rouse America from
its civil defense apathy. He
called on tie Federal Govern
ment to assume most of the
financial load.
But Arthur S. Flemming, di-
rector of the Office of Defense
Mobilization. said the Federal
Governments role is one of
leadership and example. He said
the "heavy work" must be done
at the local level.
Quick Action Urged.
Mayor Clark said that Opera
ton Candor," the idea of a
speech or several speeches by
Gen. Eisenhower to give the peo-
pie the facts about life and
death in the hydrogen bomb
age. had better go into effect
pretty quick"
The President told the visitors
it is difficult to awaken people
ito a sense of responsibility that
produces a steady and periodic
work or effort"
Nevertheless, Gen. Eisenhower
said, the Federal Government is
quite well aware" of the impor-
tance of their work and I'VE are
certainly determined to support
you."
Can't Be Discouraged.
"We must be the real leaders,"
the President said. 1--WE must
never be discouraged, so no mat
ter what happens, no matter
what things look like at the mo-
ment, please keep going"
It is only through persistence,
he counseled, that the Nations
leaders will gain the confidence
that comes from maximum prep
aration.
And with confidence, he said,
comes a finer influence :.
for bringing about a basis for
the solution of the worlds prob
lens, because we can talk calmly
from a position of strength. :"
Evening star., 1953-10-02
By Representative |. H. Smith

BY Representative /. n. smith
The Constitution of the
United States is in need of a
repair job. It is blind spot
that could result in untold
mischief for future generations.
Article VI of the Constitution
provides that treaties once ap-
proved shall be the supreme
law of the land. Was it ever
intended that international
agreements should supersede
domestic Jaw?
Official Washington may not
realize it but the people have
been alerted to the dangers
that can arise when treaties
have been approved. A woman
speaker in my State recently
said at public meeting, 1.-THE
issue raised by the Bricker
amendment is as important as
the issue that confronted
Lincoln in 1860. The present
loophole must be plugged. This
can be done by the adoption
of this amendment, now
pending in the Senate" The
Wisconsin Federation Of Re-
publican Women's Clubs has
embarked on a Statewide cam
paign to inform the people on
the merits of the amendment.
Metropolitan pewspap ers
have almost ignored the issue,
except those who are opposed
to it. They dismiss it by
charging that Senator Bricker
and those who have Joined with
him are isolationistS or that
they are trying to tie the hands
of the President in his relation
ships with other nations. This
is silly position, of course, and
they miss the real issue, which
is: should any treaty become a
substitute for domestic law?
It's just that simple.
We are living today under
a system of government based
on undelegated and unenumer-
ated powers and not on the
Constitution of the United
States. Seems incredible, but
it is the fact. 1t arises out of
the provisions of the United
Nations Charter which the
Senate has ratified as a treaty.
Congress has only to enact
enabling legislation to bring
about sweeping changes in the
political, economic and social
life of this country.
Now to get down to specific
cases. Reference is made to
Articles SIS and 56 of the
United Nations Charter. In
the first article referred to. it
is provided that the United
Evening star., 1953-10-02

Constantine BroUn Is on
UacGtion. His guest colunIniSt
for today is Representative
Laurence H. Smith, Republi-
can, of Wisconsin. a member
OF the Foreign Affairs Commit
tee Uho DriteS NTH alarm
about WhGt he calls a blind
spot" in the ConStitution.)
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Retired Navy Flyer
Acquitted in Case
Involving Girl, I

A retired Chevy Chase Navy
aviator was acquitted yesterday
in Silver Spring Police Court of
a charge he indecently assaulted
a neighbor's 7-year-old daughter
Trial Magistrate j. Fendall
Coughlan ruled there was in
sufficient evidence to hold Thad-
deus w. (Tom) Boyle, 81. of the
6400 block Valley road. one-time
pilot for Admiral Halsey. and the
father of a 3-year-old boy.
At the same time, Judge
Coughlan upheld the sufhciency
OF two warrants charging assault
issued against the former COM
mander.
Similar charges against Boyle
involving a 7-year-old boy will
be heard on September 8 and
two cases brought by two girls,
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Atom Bomb Output
Seen al New Peak
by the Assoeio.ed Pres.

Lack of official alarm over
Russia's latest atomic explosion
appeared today to be based on a
possibility that atom bomb pro-
duction in this country has hit
a peak and that vast improve
ments in triggering the hydrogen
bomb are on the way.
One person with a knowledge
of atomic development said there
is reason to believe the United
States is stockpiling A-bombs at
maximum speed, that fashionable
material is being turned out at
the greatest rate possible with
present equipment and every
particle of it is going into
weapons.
This same individual said, too,
there are signs of tremendous
strides in perfecting the H-bomb
Evening star., 1953-09-02
and much of the advance seems

and much of the advance seems
to have been in triggering.
Yet Atomic Scientist Ralph
Lapp saw indications that the
United States has "again under
estimated Russian capability," a
capability he suggested should be
reassessed. AS he sees it, Russia
appears to have set off a hydro
gen-type explosion and followed
UP with a standard atomic test.
He said this indicates the Soviets
may have enough atomic Scien-
fists to have two separate teams
working on two different develop
mentS and capable of conducting
virtually simultaneous tests"
Evening star., 1953-09-02

and Dr.. N. L. Dennis Of Rich
mond. executive secretary of the
East Hanover Presbytery.
The Synod of Virginia COM
prises aga churches in Virginia
the District of Columbia and
parts of Maryland, West Vir-
ginia and Pennsylvania.
Col. Miller, prominent politi-
cally in Virginia Democratic
circles, is a former secretary
and president of the World
Christian Students Organiza-
ton, with headquarters in
Geneva, Switzerland. He is a
member of the Executive Com
mittee of the World Council OF
Churches. AS moderator he
succeeds DR.. r. l.. st. Clair of
Staunton, who delivered a SER
mon at yesterdays opening ses-
sion.
Col. Miller is an elder in
the Charlottesville Presbyterian
Church. Both his father and
grandfather were Presbyterian
ministers.
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Col. Miller Elected
By Presbyferians as
Moderator Of Synod
BY the Associated Pres.

MAsSANETTA SPRINGS. Va.
Sept. 2.-Col. Francis Pickens
Miller of Charlottesville yester-
day was elected moderator Of
the Presbyterian Synod of vir-
ginia.
Col. Miller won out on the
firsL ballot against two other
nominees in voting among some
400 delegates gathered here for
the first session of the synod's
166th annual meeting. He be-
comes the sixth layman to hold
the post of moderator since the
synod was formed in 1888.
Other nominees were DR..
Bernard Balm, superintendent of
the Presbyterian Home and Or
phanage at Lynchburgh, Va,
Evening star., 1953-09-02
Woman in Iron Lung
Gives Birth to Son
By The Assoeiuied Press

PORT ARTHUR, Ontario,
Sept. IA 26-year-old woman.
paralyzed from the neck down
since she was stricken with Polio
last week, gave birth to a boy in
an iron lung yesterday.
Mrs. Marvin Rowe was put in
the iron lung at the isolation
hospital last week and doctors
feared she would suffoOate if
removed long enough for the
birth.
They eased the child through
the lung portfolios with long
forceps. The baby is doing well.
The mother suffered no i'll
effects.
Evening star., 1953-09-02

7 and 9. will be heard on Sep
tember Is.
Meanwhile, Boyle is free on
$1,000 bond on sodomy charge
in Bethesda.