davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

lin Graves
GEORGIAN URGES SOUTH
FORGET OLD
PLANTATION
ECONOMY
DR.. George S. Mitchell of At
lanta gave listeners some good
advice toward better race rela-
tons when he urged them to
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

18011
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

n MIAMI, FLORIDA, SATURDAY.
4 wm an -.

u lou Vote
11,275 NEGROES
REGISTERED
BY ARLINGTON SANDS
If you vote we will win!"
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14
k1HE45 81 O44N1444E
week with a door-to-door
pearance in Liberty City ar

conut Grove areas.
In the opinion of political OBJ
servers Atty. Graves chances are
good and he stands a chance to
make the run-off. If you vote on
Tuesday-Graves can win and
Miami Pan hn an &c xx,ax- 80 10
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

G6a
-
- A. 4NE2
w
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

We witt u
ABILITY as a campaigner. He has
conducted an enthusiastic hard
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

final appeal to the Colored voters
to utilize their ballots to elect a
Negro to the city commission.
Graves is banking heavy on a
large Nacrn turnout for. the first
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

-NGVKH1
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

POLICEMAN
FEELS VICTIM IN
GUN BATTLE
Edward Ambrister, %. oroth-
or Of Percy Cwassie Blue Am
brister, was recovering in JACK
son Memorial Hospital todaS
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-14

~ OAA wv Juliet WouIluS
in q gun battle with a policeman
n -. II ,nrrn . N
Evening star., 1953-12-06
POWs

When 81 per cent Of the anti
Communist Chinese and North
Evening star., 1953-12-06
Atrocities

IF COMMUNISM were the bless
L ing the Kremlin claims it is
there would be no need for the
Iron Curtain. For If the practice
squared with the prospectus, the
Communists would need have no
fears of the outside world learning
what the Soviet empire is really
like. The Iron Curtain is effective
to some extent, however, and many
persons all over the world have
been taken in by Communist lip
service to the ideals of peace and
square shake for every one. Dem
ocratic leaders have had to tear
holes in the Iron Curtain in order
to show the whole world what the
Communists actually are.
Last week In the United Nations,
Evening star., 1953-12-06

r Asst WEEK MAY go down in
IL American political history as
the week President Eisenhower
stopped to pick up the gauntlet
Senator Mccarthy periodically has
been fiinging at his feet since the
Republicans took Office in January.
It was also the week Senator
Mccarthy formally announced a
new, Marxist-type self-criticism
policy which he plans to introduce
within the Republican Party. AS
starter, the Senator asked his sup
porterS across the country to
shower the White House with pro-
tests against "this blood trade"
with Communist China, his way of
referring to our Allies sale Of non
strategic goods to the Reds.
The EiSenhower-McCa Carthy flare
up pointed up once again an old
split in the G.. o. p. It Is clear that
the uneasy marriage Of conServa-
tive and liberal Republicans, which
President Eisenhower has managed
to preserve since he was nomi-
mated, is now entering on more
troubled times.
Evening star., 1953-12-06

Korean prisoners of war refused
to return to their homes-and
communiSm-the Asian countries
were much surprised. And the
anti-C Communist spirit was good
propaganda for the U. N. side.
Talks with the allegedly pro-Com-
munist prisoners from the U. N.
side were delayed so that the world
would not be distracted from the
success of the democracies.
But last week the U. N. side had
to get down to work. There was
not much time left before the
scheduled Christmas eve termina-
ton of the explanations.
First to be called were 80 South
Koreans. The explainers told
them they would be welcomed
home and would not be punished
for their temporary detection. But
all 80 said no and stalked out
through the door leading to COM
muniSm.
The next 80 said no, as did the
following 80. 1t was clear by then
that littlN success could be ex-
pected among the 1923 South Ko-
reans, so the pace of interviews
was stepped up-the faster the
U. N. could complete the uncom-
Portable operation the better.
U. N. explainers probably would
get to the % Americans and one
Britain before the end of this
week. Not all hope had been
abandoned for successes in this
group-after all by Saturday there
will be only 10 more shopping
days left until Christmas.
Evening star., 1953-12-06

Mr.. Mccarthy avoided backing
down on anything he had said, but
complimented the administration
for firing "1,456 security risks"
tMr. Eisenhower had put the figure
at "about 1,500").
On political strategy, the Wis
consin Senator repeated his con-
viction communism would be an
issue in 1854 and implied strongly
that he thought it ought to be for
much longer time.
It was after he had finished his
prepared statement, however, that
MIR. Mccarthy put aside the kid
gloves:
would like TO take this opportunity to
urge every Americon who feels as do
about this blood tFode with mortal enemy
to write or wire the President Of the United
. Stotes and let him know how they feel 50
he con be properly guided in this matter.
Obviously, Senator Mccarthy
sought no truce. He had picked his
own issue and his own weapons.
Despite his denials, he was clearly
challenging the Presidents leader
ship.
As letters for and against Me-
Carthy began pouring into the
White House, President Eisen-
hover and Secretary Dulles left
Washington for Bermuda Friday
morning to work out common cold
war policies with Great Britain and
France. The Presidents repudia-
tion Of Senator McCarthy's strong
talk about our allies had helped
to clear the air for the important
discussions this week end in the
sunny Atlantic isle.
Evening star., 1953-12-06
MeCorthy's Rejoinder

Thursday afternoon Senator Nc
Carthy called a press conference
for his rebuttal. He was respectful
Of the President, denied any inten-
ton of challenging Mr.. Eisenhow-
er'S leadership, even said he would
stump the country for him again,
"as I have a great deal of admira-
ton for the President and think
he has an excellent record for the
time he has been in office" But he
did not bulge on any of the three
main criticisms he had made.
On foreign policy, the Senator
repeated his advocacy of coercion
as an instrument Of foreign policy,
and called on Secretary Dulles to
change present practices to con-
form.
On Communists In Government,
Evening star., 1953-12-06
Senate HEARINGS

Meanwhile Communist atrocities
were described by some of the sur
vivors themselves before a Senate
subcommittee. Senator Potter,
Republican, of Michigan invited
veterans to testify about their own
experiences.
Several told how they had sur
vived mass executions by playing
dead while the Communists moved
down helpless groups of prisoners.
One told how a Chinese nurse"
amputated his frozen toes with
hedge clipper without giving him
an aneSthetic. Other witnesses
told of seeing their fellow prisoners
killed or tortured.
Senator Potter repeated the
challenge to the Communists to
permit neutral investigation of the
atrocity reports.
Evening star., 1953-12-06
President Joins In

Reading from prepared state
ment at his Wednesday press con-
ference, the President first asso-
ciated himself as closely as possible
with Secretary Dulles stout de-
tense of American foreign policy.
"ThiS most powerful of free ma
tions must not permit itself to
grow weary of the processes of
negotiation and adjustment that
are fundamental to freedom" he
said.
Security Issue
Moving then to the Communists
in Government issue, the Presi-
dent announced, in effect, that his
executive branch was embarking
on a program to deprive Senator
Mccarthy of his favorite issue. He
said:
! repeot my previously expressed con-
viction thot feor Of Communists actively
undermining our Government will not be
an issue in the 1854 elections. Long be-
fore then this administration will hove
mode such progress in roofing them out
under the security program developed by
Attorney General BrowneII thot this con
no longer be considered serious menoce.
In other words, the Justice De-
partment would clear the Gov
ernment of Reds before the 1854
elections, thus robbing Congress
and Senator Mccarthy of the
pleasure. The President hoped
aloud that next fall the public
would be able to commend his ad-
ministration on the cleanup job.
Stonds on Record
Having told the Wisconsin Sem
ator what he hoped ,Dould not be
a factor in next years congress
sional campaigns, the President
announced the issue he hoped
aDould be: The Republican record.
He said:
In my judgment. the efficiency and vi
sion with which the Government is odmin-
istroted by this Republican administration,
and whether or not the Congress enocts a
progressive, dynamic proerom enhoncine
the weIfore Of the people Of our country,
will determine the future political COM
pIexion Of the Congress and the future Of
the administration. E. Unless the Repub-
Icon Porty con develop and enoet such q
prosrom for the American people, it does
not deserve to remain in power.
The administration counter
attack was strong, but it did have
an, element Of irony that Senator
Mccarthy no doubt richly en-
joyed: He had been recognized
officially as threat to Mr.. Eisen-
hower's leadership of the Repub-
lican Party.
Evening star., 1953-12-06
The Bouncing Gauntlet

In the 10 months since President
Eisenhower was inaugurated, Sen
ator Mccarthy had clashed with
the administration on ut least six
matters Of substance: Eisenhower
appointments, Communists in
Government, declassiflcation Of
Army documents, overseas 1nfor-
nation policy, foreign policy, and
political strategy Of the g. o. P.
Until last week the Eisenhower
administration side-stepped the
disputes completely or countered
80 obliquely that Mr.. Mccarthy
was encouraged to be more
audacious.
In his now-celebrated television
talk two weeks ago the Badger
States ace Red-hunter severely
criticized the administration for its
conduct in three of the areas he
had found unsatisfactory before:
Foreign policy, Communists in
Government and domestic political
strategy. The Senator said:
. The United States ought to cut
off all trade with countries which
continue to deal with Red China
or other Communist nations.
. There are still subversives in the
Government. He named one person
he believes to be disloyal.
. Contrary to President Eisen-
hower'S hope that communism
would be dead and forgotten" by
1854 election time, communism is
an issue and will be an issue in
1854" +
The administration allowed the
Mccarthy challenge to simmer
over the Thanksgiving week end.
Then last Tuesday Secretary Of
State Dulles set of jolting blast
at Senator McCarthy:s foreign
policy critique.
Evening star., 1953-12-06
Dulles Counterottock

Mr.. Dulles chose his Tuesday
press conference for the assault.
A measure of the depth of his feel
ing was his pointed way of stretch
ing the Eisenhower rule about
avoiding personalities. Mr.. Dulles
did not mention Senator McCar-
thy by name. He merely referred
scathingly to criticism that Amer
ican diplomats were exchanging
"perfumed noteS"-a phrase used
the previous week by Mccarthy.
The Mccarthy criticism struck
at "the very heart of United States
foreign policy" Secretary Dulles
said, because it would destroy the
keystone precept of sovereign
equality among nations, without
which we could not present a
united front to the Russian men
ace. "Never in all our history"
Mr.. Dulles added, twas there q
time when good friends and allies
meant so much to u.s."
Four Advantages
Mr.. Dulles enumerated four big
advantages Of present United
States policy which the Mccarthy
clustering and domineering
methods" would risk throwing
away:
. Our allies are dependable. They
will freely sacrifice much in
common effort" because they
make their own decisions.
. Our allies help us to prevent
Communist attack. They provide
the United States with bases to
make meaningful our threat of
retaliation if Russia attacks.
. Our allies help to defend this
country dncluding Wisconsin's
Milwaukee, against Communist
attack. The United States early
warning system depends on in
stallations in allied territory.
Q Our allies industrial strength
keeps "the balance of world power
in the free worlds favor"
Overtones in the Dulles state
ment indicated the Secretary of
State may also have had in mind
another Midwest Senator, William
Jenner of Indiana, whose recent
attempts to obtain information
from Igor Gouzenko, ex-Soviet
code clerk, about espionage in
America, leaned toward bullying
Of Canada.
New Dovies Check
After his prepared statement,
Secretary Dulles parried the Nc
Carthy thrust at John Patton
Davies, much Investigated and pre-
viously cleared foreign service ON
Ger who is now counselor Of en-
baSSy in Lima, Peru. Mr.. Mccarthy
wants him fired. The Secretary of
Evening star., 1953-12-06
Bermuda

EOR THE first time since World
L War II the heads of state
of France, Britain and the United
States were meeting last week to
plan common course of action
in foreign affairs. The conference
opened on Friday at Bermuda.
Prime Minister Churchill was host
to President Eisenhower and
Premier Laniel.
Purpose of the conference was
twofold: To agree on a Big Three
policy toward the Soviet Union
and to decide what to do about
specific trouble spots from Europe
to the Orient.
In brief, the American attitude
toward Russia presented at the
conference was one of caution:
The Kremlin has demonstrated
over and over again that it cannot
be trusted, that it seeks to domi-
nate the world. Dealings with her
would be useless, perhaps danger
Gus, unless she showed in some
concrete way that she was honestly
seeking solutions to cold-war
problems.
The British and French view
was one of hope: Granted that
the Soviets appear hostile in al
most every move; still the peace
and very existence of the world is
at stake, so let us use every means
within our power to negotiate on
any issue which can be settled.
Middle Ground Found
Reports from Bermuda indicated
that when the three national
leaders got down to specific cases,
they found agreement on a middle
ground.
The first item on the agenda
was the framing of a reply to
Russia on her offer to hold a for
eign ministers conference in Ber-
lin. The United States was hesi-
tant, but 1t was reported that
President Eisenhower agreed last
week to join France and Britain
in accepting the invitation. At the
same time it was indicated that
the Prime Minister agreed to post
pone his request for a Big Four
meeting to thresh out all world
problems.
Also on the agenda was the
ratification of the European De-
fense Community treaties. Here
M. Laniel was in the middle.
Evening star., 1953-12-06

State disclosed that a new inves-
tigation Of Mr.. Davies has been
under way since May. Because Mr..
Dulles may be called on to judge
the evidence when it is in, he re-
Trained from any comment on the
case.
Secretary Dulles having made
the case against McCarthy's for
eign policy, President Eisenhower
moved to the firing line the next
day to deal with the Wisconsin
Senator's other complaints, in the
fields of Government security and
domestic politics.
Evening star., 1953-12-06

Could he get enough assurances
from Britain and the United States
that they would keep troops in
Europe so that he could collect
a majority in the French Parlia-
ment for ratification?
Another difficult problem for
M. Laniel would be the question
of the war in Indo- China, also
up for study by the three heads of
state. With one eye on Che Ber-
muda Conference, the Communists
now have made three overtures
within q week to negotiate an
armiStice in Indo-C China.
First the World Peace Council
in Vienna, then Ho Chi-Minh from
his mountain headquarters in
Northern Wet Nam, then the
Cominform controlled World Fed
Grafton of Trade Unions called for
cease-f1re talks.
Keenly aware Of the French
peoples eagerneSs for peace in
Indo-C China, the Laniel cabinet
expressed interest in the offer but
did not commit itself. In the first
place, Ho Chi-Minh's price for
peace probably would be too high.
He probably would ask either
territory or influence in some Wet
Namese coalition government.
The French leaders don't want to
settle on these terms, although
public opinion might change their
minds. In the second place, a
quick peace in Indo-China would
have to be followed by the long
promised French pullout, and the
three associated states of Wet
Nam, Laos and Cambodia are
hardly strong enough yet to with
stand q Communist takeover at
tempt on the Czechoslovakia pat
tern.
NJ. Laniel's problem is to appear
interested enough in the Red
overture to stay in power and dis
interested enough to satisfy the
United States and Britain.
Good News
The outlook for the Big Three
was not all gloomy. While the
chiefs of state met at Bermuda
they received good news from two
important trouble spots. First. it
was announced in Teheran that
Iran was ready to resume diplo-
matte relations with Britain
(broken off 13 months ago) and
that negotiations would begin for
a settlement of their dispute over
Iranian oil and refineries.
Then, from Rome, came an an
nouncement by Premier Pella and
Yugoslav Foreign Minister Gregorik
that they had agreed to ease ten
SionS around Trieste by withdraw
ing troops rushed to their joint
border two months ago. That
clearing of troubled skies over the
Adriatic was taken hopefully to
be an omen of success for the
projected f1ve-power conference
on Trieste.
The other big item on the Ber-
muda agenda was Korea. How
could the Big Three best keep the
peace there, and what should be
their attitude in a Far Eastern
peace conference?
There was a lot to decide in the
'four-day meeting.
Evening star., 1953-12-06
Korea

TOR SIX WEEKS Communist
IL and United Nations representa-
tives have been meeting in a mud
Spattered hut at Panmunjom to
plan Far Eastern peace confer
ence which presumably will settle
the Korean war and air other
problems of the Orient. These
things must be decided by the
negotiators at Panmunjom: The
date and place of the conference,
and the identity and role of the
participants.
AS last week ended, none of the
problems had been settled.
There was some progress, how
ever. The Communists stopped
asking for Panmunjom as the site
of the conference and offered New
Delhi, India. That might be sat-
isfactory to the United States, but
South Korean officials said their
country would not think of attend
ing a conference in India. South
Korean President Syngman Rhee
and Indian Prime Minister Nehru
have been feuding for some time.
'NeutroIs'
The Communists also made
somewhat more clear their attitude
toward neutral" nations which
they want to attend the conference.
The neutrals would not vote, the
Communists said last week, only
debate and observe.
The U. N. side has not agreed to
neutral participation, however
especially when Russia has been
offered as one of the "neutrals."
Last week U. N. Representative
Arthur H. Dean suggested that
Russia attend not as part of the
Communist side, but as q "third
party" and "neighbor Of Korea"
with full voting privileges. He
made no attempt to conceal that
the effect would be the same as If
Russia came as an acknowledged
belligerent on the Communist side
something the United States
would like for propaganda reasons.
No progress was made on setting
a date. The Communists suggested
December %. The U. N. side also
would like to start the conference
as soon as possible, but 1t would
be difficult to complete necessary
preparations by the end Of this
month. So the conference date
was considered to be still open.
POWs
When 81 per cent Of the anti
Evening star., 1953-12-06

the united states, Britain, france,
Turkey and Australia joined to
pierce the curtain again and show
another example of communism in
action. It was story of Com
munist treatment of prisoners and
civilians during the Korean war.
The five nations asked the U. N.
General Assembly to express it's
grave concern" over the employ
ment of inhuman practices" to-
ward U. N. soldiers and Korean
civilians and to condemn the
atrocious acts against captured
military personnel and civilian
populations"
Lodge Report
United States Delegate Lodge
told the U. N. the atrocities were
part Of a deliberate policy die
tated by the world center of COM
munism, the Kremlin, to terrorize
and degrade the supporters of the
U. N. side.
These facts cannot be ignored,
Mr.. Lodge said:
That the leading men of the
North Korean regime and the
North Korean army were for the
most part Soviet citizens;
"That the North Korean polit-
ical security police carried out
many of the mass murders;
"That Soviet officers were at the
top of the command structure
over the prison camps in North
Korea"
The facts indicate sort of COM
mon dedication to wholesale bru-
tality which is utterly repulsive to
contemplate, Mr.. Lodge concluded.
The reported atrocities took
place at four levels:
On the battlefield prisoners we're
killed rather than let advancing
U. N. troops recapture them.
On long marches after capture
men who could not keep up the
pace were killed. Others died from
wounds and neglect.
In the prison camps men died
from the effects of the marches.
were killed in acts of naked bru-
tality and were allowed to die
from neglect.
In the cities Korean civilians
were killed by the North Korean
security police and by the North
Korean army.
An estimated $4,000 persons died
in Korea. Mr.. Lodge said, as a re-
suit of the Communist policy. OF
that total, 1900 were military
victims, 5000 of them South Ko-
reanS and the rest American, Bel
gian, French, British and Turkish
soldiers.
Mr.. Lodge supported his charges
with ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS af-
fidavits of survivors and reports of
armed service investigators-de-
failing the atrocities.
Vishinsky's Reply
The evidence did not impress
Soviet Delegate Andrei Vishinsky,
however. 1t was faxed, he said,
with two purposes in mind:
/. To dynamite" the negotia-
tions now going on in Panmunjom
for a Far Eastern peace confer
ence.
2. To cover up for American
atrocities in the Korean war.
Mr.. Lodges reply to those
charges was simple, unanswerable
and unanswered. If you believe
the United States committed atroc-
tiles and the Communists did not,
then let us appoint a neutral COM
mission, Mr.. Lodge said, to inves-
tigate without restrictions the
charges on both sides. And then
we'll see who is telling the truth.
Mr.. VishinSky ignored the chal-
lenge.
The Vote
The General Assembly went on
to vote, - to S, the grave con-
Germ" that had been asked by the
five democracieS. The five Com
munist bloc nations voted no.
India did not vote, explaining that
her position a. the chairman Of the
Evening star., 1953-12-06

Neutral Nations Repatriation Com
mission in Korea would not permit
her to take sides. Ten nations abb
stained (several with explanations
that all the evidence was not yet
in or that airing of the atrocities
would damage negotiations for
peace conference). AbStaining
were Afghanistan, Burma, Egypt,
IndoneSia, Iraq, PakiStan, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Yemen and Yugo-
Slavia. Ell Salvador and Lebanon
were absent.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-06-20
DIR. PATTERSON
HONORED IN
LOOK MAGAZINE

New York, June Is - DR.. F.
D. Patterson, president of Tus-
kegee Institute, is honored ON the
Look Applauds" page in the is
sue of Look magazine released
today.
DR.. Patterson gets Looks plau-
dts for his work in behalf of
Negro education at Tuskegee and
as the founder of the United Ne
gro College Fund, movement to
support privately endowed uni
verSities for Negroes. After Is
years of service, he is retiring
from the presidency of Tuskegee
to head the Phelps-Stokes Fund,
philanthropic foundation con-
centrating on Negro education an''
race problems in the United States
and Africa.
DR.. Patterson, who is active in
many civic groups and programs
to benefit all races, will continue
to head the United Negro Col
lege Fund, reports Look Maya
zine.