davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-08-28
Lord Simonds Warns
u. 5. Bar Against Use
Of Arbitrary Power
BY the Associofed Press

BOSTON, Aug. 28.-Lord ST.
monds, Lord High Chancellor of
Great Britain, says the exercise
of arbitrary power must be re-
sisted "at all costs"
Speaking last night at the
American Bar Associations 18th
anniversary dinner, he said:
"The legal profession must
foster the spirit which will at
all costs resist the exercise of
arbitrary power, which will be
vigilaht to see that, if authority
is vested in any man or body of
men. it shall be subject to the
scrutiny of either parliament or
a court of law"
Dangerous Tendency Noted.
Lord Simonds, the highest
ranking legal officer in England,
said also:
I'm my country, and it may be
so in yours too, it has been found
necessary in the exigencies of
the times to establish tribunals
in which many of the familiar
features of a court of law are
strangely missing and from
which there is no appeal to a
superior court even on a point
of law.
What is done in them must
be accepted, unless they exceed
their jurisdiction or act in a way
patiently contrary to what is
broadly called natural justice.
But these are and should be
exceptional. for they illustrate a
dangerous tendency which ought
only to be INDUCED in circum-
stances or rare necessity"
Vinson Sounds Note Of Unity.
Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson,
who introduced Lord SimondS.
said: "One thing seems certain
amidst so much global uncer-
tainty: The free people of
America and the free people of
Great Britain will not willingly
trade their great traditions for
fieeting moment of false Sc
curity."
The General Assembly Of
the association side-stepped a
direct vote yesterday on
the controversial constitutional
amendment proposed by Senator
Bricker, Republican, of Ohio to
limit presidential power to make
foreign agreements.
The associations House of
Delegates earlier yesterday voted,
1T to 33, to reaff1rm it's previous
stand in favor of the amend
ment.
The question came up in the
assembly meeting on a resolution
filed by a group Of young Boston
lawyers.
Evening star., 1953-08-28
Fletcher Knebef-
Potomac Fever

Treasury Secretary Humphrey forecasts budget deficit of
$38 billion this Republicans think they've done pretty
WELL After all, this is their first deficit in 20 years.
The U. N political committee refuses to seat India at the
Korean conference India didn't have the right attitude for
peace conference.-the wasn't mad enough at anybody
Ambassador Lodges for the Korean confer
wins overwhelming victory the u N Democrats
the credit it weren't for them Lodge would still be in
Senate.
G. o. P Congressman deny Republican Representative
Scotts charge that they're NOISY obucionists pro-
Not single Eisenhower proposal has been noiSiy
obstructed that quietly could be sabotaged
Ike sends best wishes from Colorado to Shah
Ike: Fishing fine Advise try for the week endTreasy
not open until Monday"
Republican Senator Bricker Secretary of State Dulles
doesn't understand the Constitution Bcker suspicious of
foreign affairs chiefthe fellow spends most of his time
talking to bunch Of foreigners.
The Government restrictions Russian diplomats
travelling in the United States The idea Vshnsky
to of hghwaySand leave the
the Labor Day traffic.
Evening star., 1953-08-28

Democrat, of Alabama to
earmark royalties from oil
lands in the continental shelf
for education-the funds to be
divided among the States &C
cording to population, and
with no strings attached, no
sort Of Federal control.
Can you see anything wrong
with that? Well, Senator Hill
had to work very hard to get
enough of his fellow Senators
to vote for it. But he did, and
his amendment was added to
the Senate bill which provided
for Federal Government con-
troll over the continental shelf
and it's resources. The House
bill, however, contained no pro-
vision for an educational fund.
When the two bills went to
conference between House and
Senate, the House conferees
refused to accept the Hill edu-
cation amendment. They also
refused Senator Hills very
reasonable request to take his
amendment back before the
d, House for vote, such as is
often done. So five members of
the House arbitrarily set them
selves up to legislate for the
other 430 members.
There is nothing unusual in
Senator Hills proposal to de-
vote Government oil royalties
to education. Over 100 years
ago a very prudent and con-
servative national leader who
had been President of the
United States-John Quincy
Adams-proposed when he was
a member Of the House after
ward that royalties from all
public lands be devoted to edu-
cation. In the late 1860s Con-
gresS followed his advice to
the extent of setting aside
proceeds from certain public
lands to finance what we know
as land-grant colleges.
What confused a very simple
and logical issue was the
unconscionable greed of power
full oil interests which, you
may remember, were so active
in trying to get control over
offshore oil lands lodged in the
States where they always have
Evening star., 1953-08-28

an able anti Communist West
German Journalist who had
returned from the Communist
organized International Youth
Rally for Peace in Bucharest,
people are anticipating speedy
liberation and, being realistic.
anticipate war as the only
means to achieve it, despite
Mr.. Dulles assurance of the
use Of only peaceful means.
This Is the effect of American
psychological warfare. What
will be the ultimate result of
raising such hopes or tanning
such fears? (Both exist: the
only real warmongers are ap-
parently among the captive
East Europeans.)
The Russian exile, Alexan-
der Kerensky, is, or was re-
Gently. in Berlin, where he has
been addressing large meet
ings, on the theme, I was in
formed. of the future free or
der in Russia. In Russian eyes
is this compatible with a desire
for q settlement, or will it
encourage the reunif1cation of
a united resurgent Germany
which might be encouraged to
liberate the Russians?
The Economist Uondon)
raises similar questions in its
issue of August 3. which I
found upon my return to my
desk.
What il the political and
Evening star., 1953-08-28

Trans Treasury Full Of IOUs
New Chaos Expected Unless U. S. Answers Plea
Of Zohedi for Aid Of $40 Million or More

ical crisis. and did SO for a
while in very small amounts.
But London eventually con-
vinced Washington that the
Teheran government if left to
stew in its own juice would be
forced to become more rea-
Sonable."
On at least two occasions
over the last 18 months Mos
Sadegh would have liked to be
more reasonable. But he was
caught between two forces in
his own country: the national
lists who were his main back
erS and the Communists who
were his unofficial supporters.
These groups were enemies but
they agreed on the matter Of
not yielding to the British.
Premier zahedi is de-
termined to clean out the
Communists. But, a national
ist himself, he is compelled to
stand by the nationalists who
enjoy a tremendous popular
support. Shah Mohammed
Reza Pahlevi and Premier
zahedi are today in their re-
spective positions, after having
driven out MosSadegh, only
thanks to the loyalty of the
masses.
Under these circumstances
zahedi cannot change his gov
ernment's position in regard to
the Iranian Oil question over
night. According to reports
from Teheran. he is prepared
to adopt a more liberal atti-
tude concerning the share Of
the profits of the British
stockholders and the operation
by the British of the oil lands
and ref1neries once his position
has been consolidated and he
obtains a financial breathing
spell.
zahedi recognizes that only
the Communists and the
Kremlin can profit from a
further deterioration of Trans
internal conditions. This can
be averted only if he receives
immediate assistance to meet
the government payroll.
Evening star., 1953-08-28
Constantine Brown

Pressing requests from Iran
for immediate financial relief
in amounts between $40 mil
lion and SIS million are reach
ing the State Department. Un-
less this is given soon the Ia
heidi administration will not
be able to meet its payroll and
new chaos may develop. The
army and civil service have not
been paid for months.
Premier Zahedi found in the
treasury only IOUs signed by
Mossadegh, the ouSted Pre-
mier, instead of liquid assets.
Ambassador 10y Henderson.
who has had long talks with
Premier Zahedi in the last few
days. is urging Washington not
to repeat the errors made some
three years ago in regard to
Premier Razmara, strong man
of Iran and pro-Western in his
political approaches. He was
denied timely financial support
and was aSsaSSinated by cx-
!treme nationaliSts backed by
Communists. The result of the
ensuing political confusion was
the coming to power of Mos
Sadegh.
Iran escaped becoming a
Soviet satellite by what many
consider a political miracle.
1t can continue as a vital buff
fer against the Reds provided
Washington plays its cards
well.
The dozen or so million dol
lars are needed only as imme-
diate relief to give Zahedi a
breathing spell to consolidate
his government. Once this has
been accomplished, a larger
amount estimated at between
$100 million and $3.50 million
will be required to make Iran
once more a going concern.
Conversations are now pro-
ceeding between Washington
and London to ascertain Brit
aims reactions in this matter.
We have not yet adopted
an independent policy toward
the Middle East and North
Evening star., 1953-08-28
Thomas L. Stokes
Thomas L. Stokes
Oil, Education and Politicians
Senator Hill Is Expected to Attempt Again Next Session
To Win Royalties of Offshore Treasures for Schools

There was a release this
week from the United States
Office of Education. It said
that three out of every five
Schoolrooms in the country
will be overcrowded in this
coming year; it said that the
Nation is short about 345, 900
classrooms in grade and high
schools; it also said there is a
shortage of $4,000 qualified
teachers in our grade schools.
These and other facts got
little publicity. Well. after
all, they're hardly news.
News is something new, and
there's nothing new about our
overcrowded schools, made
Quate facilities, shortage Of
teachers. That's been true
now for several years. The
only news is that the situa-
tion is getting worse all the
time and nobody seems to do
much about it.
Nearly fourth of our popu-
lation is affected. Enrolment
in grade and high schools and
colleges this fall will reach
36,949,000. They are our next
generation, the America of the
not very distant future, in
whose hands not so long hence
will be our national destiny.
When you sit here and
watch the operations of Ma
tional Government, including
your Congress, and see the
influences at work, you often
notice the relation of events.
Some politicians are careful
that the public does not notice
too much, the public they are
supposed to serve.
1t is only natural that
another reminder of the des-
perate plight of our educa-
tional establishment. such as
has just come from the United
States Office of Education,
would send the mind back to
an attempt to do something
about it during the last session
of Congress that failed.
That, you may recall
though not too much publicity
was given to twas the brave
and untiring and brilliant eff
fort by Senator Lister Hill,
Evening star., 1953-08-28

Africa. Our actions are deter
mined in important instances
by the interests of our major
allies. the British and French.
American diplomacy has been
attempting for some time to
play the role of honest broker
in the conflicts between the
Moslems and the two Western
European powers. In this role.
we lean generally toward our
allies point of view because
of military considerations.
The situation in Iran is
slightly different from that
which exists In Morocco and
Egypt, where we have, directly
or by proxy. strategic install
lations. Iran is vitality i'm
portant not so much because
of its oil resources but because
Of its geographical position
between the Mohammedans in
Pakistan and Afghanistan and
those in the Middle East. If
the U. S. S. r. had succeeded
in establishing its political
control over that country, a
wedge would have been driven
between those two Islamic
groups.
Britain'S interest is to
resume control and operation
of the oil fields in Southern
Iran and the Abadan refin-
cries. These were lost when
the Iranians, following the
example of the British Labor
Party then in power. ordered
naturalization of the oil re-
sources and industries which
belonged to the Anglo -Iranian
Oil Co.
Protracted negotiations be-
tween London and Teheran
followed the oil nationaliza-
ton. The British figured on
making the Iranians more
amenable to their point of view
by a financial squeeze. Iran,
they reckoned rightly. would
be bankrupt without the pro-
ceeds from the sale of oil.
We wanted to help the IRAN
ian treasury to prevent polit-
Evening star., 1953-08-28
David LoWrence-

No cleafer definition of the
weakness, if not the impotence,
of the United Nations has been
given than in the address just
delivered by the Secretary of
State, John Foster Dulles.
Too many people in Amer
lea and perhaps the rest of the
world have been thinking of
the United Nations in ideal
istic terms far beyond its
actual authority or scope to-
day.
For the fact is that "collec-
tive security" has not been at
tanned through the U. N. but
such security as prevails is due
to alliances which resemble
the balance-of-power align
ments that have prevailed
through centuries of history. 1t
is the necessity for these al
lianceS, despite the existence
of the larger international or
ganiZation, which underlines
the failure Of the U. N. to ac-
complish what had been hoped
for by it's founders in 1945.
Because the United Nations
ITSELF" says Mr.. Dulles, "does
not provide adequate security,
the United States has, by BIZ
partisan action, entered into a
series of treaties with other
nations for the purpose of
furthering collective self-de-
fenSe. This is authorized by
the United Nations Charter"
But it's far different thing
to say that the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization or the
Pacific pacts are authorized"
by the u. NJ, than to argue, as
so many people enormously
do from time to time, that
these alliances are an integral
part Of the q. N. The old
League of Nations Covenant
also stipulated that regional
understandings" were not to be
regarded as inconsistent with
the purposes Of the League.
The important fact is that
Evening star., 1953-08-28
Ammunition Makers
Getting Notices 10
Prepare for Cuts
By John A. Giles

The Army has begun a stretch
out of its ammunition production
as stocks have begun to rise
rapidly with the end of consump-
ton in Korea.
But the department is taking
no chances Of again getting in
the position it was a year ago
when a Senate subcommittee
charged that shortages in Korea
Evening star., 1953-08-28

rounds have been rapidly filling
warehouses and storage areas
even with the demands for fill
ing reserve stockpiles in this
country, in Europe and in the
Far East.
Therefore, all ammunition
production schedules are under
review.
None of the notices to manu-
facturers order an immediate
cut in production and in some
cases lit will be quite awhile" be-
fore production is slowed.
The forces in Korea, before
Evening star., 1953-08-28

the armistice, had been firing
approximately $1O0 million worth
of ammunition each month.
But with only a military truce
officials are moving most cau-
tiously in cutting ammunition
production.
Evening star., 1953-08-28
PTA to Have Book Sole

CHARLOTT ESVILLE, Va.
Aug. % (SpeciaD Members of
the McGuffey Parent-Teacher
Association will hold a book sale
from to 3 pm. Monday in the
McGuffey auditorium.
Evening star., 1953-08-28

diplomatic aim Of our psy-
Geological warfare?
Is the psychological arm
being operated by the political
brain or is psychological war
fare forerunning political
action?
If the latter, we are playing
with dangerous fires. and ex-
acerbating and melting ten
sion with which we have no
plans to deal.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1953-10-16

alton Bureau power and having it
wheeled over MPCo. lines.
So some co-ops signed five-yeaT
contracts with the private utility.
Under the new ground rules
when the present contract with
the Montana Power expires the
REA will find that MPCo. has con-
tracted for all the available power
for 20 years. There will be no
preference public power available
for REAs. During that 20 years,
this coop will be negotiating with
Montana Power for every kilowatt.
The single exception will be when
new federal power generation comes
on the line. Then the co-ops left out
in the cold may try again for fed
eral power-unless they are by that
time again under contract with the
private utility.
Remembering how Montana Power
has treated the REAs, including at
tempts to gut them in the Legisla-
ture, | wonder how the co-ops would
fare under such an arrangement.
| am trying to get the Admins
tration to allow the co-ops bound
by such contracts to be permitted
to contract with the federal agen-
cies now for power to be deliver
ed to them in the future. If this
move fails, | can see no alterna-
tive but for the co-ops to relax
and wait for the day when the
present contracts expire "a and
Montana Power picks up the whip.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1953-10-16
FAST TAX WRITE OFFS
NOW Available
TO FARMERS

The bill passed recently by Con-
gress providing for fast tax write
off for farmers or others building
grain storage is intended as an in
centive for farmers to relieve the
critical shortage of facilities for stor
ing grain, especially wheat, State
PIMA Chairman Howard J. Doggett
said recently. 1t is an inducement
Tor farmers to construct new grain
storage facilities, to increase the ca
pacity of those already in existence.
or to adopt existing structures to the
storage of grain.
The tax relief afforded by the
bill is in the form of speeding up the
wrlte-off period of the cost of build
ing storage by way of amortization
over 60-month period in lieu of
the present depreciation deduction
spread over the useful life of the
"The great benefit taxwise to be
derived from this speed-up write
off can be visualized by a compare
son OF the five-year period with the
average lives of such buildings as
determined by the Internal Revenue
service in Bulletin F." said Chairman
0oggett. For example, the write
1T period before the law passed for
grain elevator and machinery would
'e 10 years; for corn cribs, 80 years;
or concrete grain tanks, so years
md for commercial grain elevator.
10 to 81 years.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1953-10-16

Eisenhower last November Johnson than year
by comfortable margin of 81 the being
in his favor.
Padrut attributed his defeat the national admnistra
on stating The farmers and aboring district
not like the policies Of the administration this
tunty of showing it,
ExSecrearies of Agriculture and Wickard cam
pagned the district extensively for the
candidate bringing home to rural people in particular the eff
forts of the COP Washington to scute programs
dermne rural identification, cheap power etc.
Secretary Agriculture Benson spoke district
at Eau Claire giving speech which COP advance billing had
heraded the pary most important the
agricultural problem and how the Republicans going
meet it.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1953-10-16

state write the White House con-
demning the Administrations Sec
rotary of Agriculture the stresses
on the loyalty of President to his
appointee are sorely strained and
how long they can hold out is ques-
tionable. Conjecture among Wash
ington, DC, people recently in the
state was that Anchor Nielsen, per-
sonable, attractive, bucolic Rural
Electrification Administrator on the
Eisenhower team, would love to re-
place Benson. 1t was Nelson who
opined to REA people "All we ask is
that you just give us chance.
Was that plant or a threat?
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1953-10-16
WHAT DO YOU THINK?

ton, DC: The only way you'll ever
beat the New York Yankees is to
put Ezra Taft Benson in charge of
their farm program.
Speaking of Ezra Taft Benson
and everybody is these days con-
tend the man will have to go. He
will have to be the scapegoat to get
the Administration out from under
its present pressures. 1t will be a
great loss to the Democrats, but
when even the original supporters
of Eisenhower in a great farming
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1953-10-16

Mr.. Fred Aandahl, Assistant Secre-
tary of Interior, left no doubt that
one purpose of the new policy is to
raise the cost of power to the coop
eratives. Speaking in Fargo last
month, he said:
LAS a word of warning, | would
like to forecast that, except in high
fuel cost areas, five years hence the
spread in price between federally-
produced power and locally produc-
ed power E.. will be much less than
1t is at the present time"
Obviously the Administration is
not going to see that private util-
titles lower their rates. Just as
obviously the Administration is
going to jack up the rates to
REAs.
Now for the $50 days or nothing
part of the policy. The Administra-
tons new Marketing Criteria" re-
quires preference type custom
ers', including REAs, to contract by
the first of next year for all the
PuD4lC power IHGy VIII get.
Of the % REA co-ops in Montana,
eight now are under contract to the
Montana Power Co. for all their pow
er and three more get at least part
If their power from MPCo.
These co-operatives cannot pos
sibly contract for the public power
to which they are entitled under
the law and start paying for tat
least paying the capacity charge
the first of next year on top of
their present contracts.
The present contracts are favor
bic ones. They were drawn some
ime back, afterward Congress
nocked out some transmission lines
nd left the co-ops out at the end of
ne line, separated from their power
lpply.
Under the law, these co-ops could
NY public power at federal dam
ties and pay Montana Power to
heel it from the dam to the coop.
Then the co-ops started negotiating
heeling contracts Montana Power !
ffered instead to sell electricity to 7
lie co-operatives at a price less than 8
lie combined cost of buying Reclaim f