davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-03-08
Filipino Crusader
Ramon Moesoysoy Splits With Qurino,
HeroIding Tough Fight in November
By Fronk l. White

hills where they remain only a
minor threat at present. Magsay-
say found that while he could kill
Huks when he had brought them to
bay, he could not prevent them from
getting recruits and supplies. Be-
fore this could happen, he would
have to show impoverished and dis
gruntled Filipino farmers and farm
workers that the central govern
ment was trying to better their con-
dition.
The United States, in the fall Of
1850, sent over survey mission
under Daniel w. Bell, ex-Undersec-
retary of the Treasury and Washing
ton banker. This group came to the
same conclusion. AS result, an
economic aid program now under
the Mutual Security Agency was set
up.
Magsaysay sought to convince
Filipino landlords that his views
were sound. He set up an army
operated resettlement project on
Mindanao Island, where he sent
captured HukS and successfully
demonstrated they could be re-
formed by giving them land and OPP
portunity to make a decent living.
The landlords did not buy his prop
osition.
BIost From Quirino
Recently, an American report was
issued, recommending extensive
agrarian reforms. 1t drew a blast
from Quirino as interference in
Philippine sovereignty"
Magsaysay became a national
hero in November, 1851, when he
sent the army into the field to pre-
vent the usual terroristic tactics Of
provincial leaders during elections.
The election was the cleanest and
freest ever held in the islands. Its
outcome was-for the "ins"-ample
proof of the undeSirability of clean
elections. The entire slate of oppo-
sition captured about half of the
provincial Offices.
Quirinos Liberal Party and the
Evening star., 1953-03-08

The recent resignation OF Ma
tional Defense Secretary Ramon
Magsaysay calls attention again to
a serious and still unsolved problem
in the Philippine Republic, namely,
how to strengthen it's democratic
form of government. At the same
time the incident serves as an
apt illustration of the difficulties
encountered by the United States
in it's relations with its allies in
the fight of the free world against
Communist aggression.
Magsaysay has had more success
in recent years, in both the cold"
and "hot" phases Of the fight
against communism, than any other
native leader in the Far East, with
the possible exception of Syngman
Rhee of Korea. And MagSaySay
has shown a faith in democratic
principles Of government equaled
by none.
Magsaysay resigned in a conflict
with President Elpidio Quirino over
two fundamental issues. agrarian
reform and free elections. The
United States is involved for a
number of reasons, which become
readily apparent from an examina-
ton of the salient facts.
In addition to the obligation felt
toward the island republic when
independence was granted in 1946.
the United States desired bases in
the Philippines. These were links
in the Macarthur line set up by
American military StrategiStS as
security against Communist air or
naval bases that might be established
on the western shores Of the Pacific
Ocean. The line sweeps west and
south from Alaska through Japan,
Okinawa, Formosa, the Philippines,
the Southeast Asia mainland and
on down to New Zealand and
Australia.
Serious Situation
After the Communists swept
through China and began strong
assaults on the established govern
ments of Indo-China and Malaga,
the Importance of the Philippines
as a key point in the defense line
increased When North Korea at
tackled across the 38th Parallel on
June 25, 1850, the situation in the
Philippines was serious.
trained Luis Taruc, lead
er of the Hulk army in the Philip
pines, was known to have visited
Peiping, and perhaps the Kremlln,
the spring before the war broke out
in Korea. The Huks were out To
overthrow the Philippine govern
ment by force. They were rafting
right up to the gates OF Manila
and the wire fences around the
American bases and disrupting the
already shaky economy OF the
country. The Philippines Army Of
fered little interference.
It is no secret. either here or in
the Philippines, that American off,
cials on the spot picked Magsaysay
as the man to fight the Huks. Con-
siderable pressure had to be put
on Quirino to obtain Magsaysay's S
appointment.
Stepping on Toes
Magsaysay Immediately began
stepping en- important toes. He threw
out high brass who held their jobs
because of political pull. He broke
up alliances between field comman-
ders and provincial political leaders.
He personally investigated every
case of graft and misuse of army
authority in civilian affairs. And
he was rough on offenders against
his edictS.
BY last midsummer MagSaysay
had driven the Huks back into the
Evening star., 1953-03-08

would drive all foreigners in any
capacity out of Iran and return the
country to primitive, agrarian
civilization of past centuries. AS
Speaker of the Mails, Kashani
maintained an uneasy alliance with
DR.. Mossadegh for several months,
only to find that the weepy premier
had boxed him into a position Of
diminishing political influence.
The Tude1t Party represents a
third. Frankly Communist and out
lawed, the Tudeh has never been
able to produce leadership within
itself or in positions of public in
fluence whereby it might direct an
open, or at least serious, challenge
to parliamentary government. 1t
has participated joyfully in all pub
lie demonstrations but has not yet
won single fight. Spurned by
Mossadegh and ignored by Kashani,
whose Moslem fanaticiSm probably
precludes any acceptance of even
Communist instrument, it has
never been strong enough to take
over-but it is not so weak it can
be overlooked indefinitely.
Shah ResG Pahlevi represents a
Evening star., 1953-03-08
ver|op |nefficiencies Is Easier Said Than Done

l. Tar sharing. In general. the
Federal Government would collect
certain taxes and share the take
with States and their subdivisions.
This is not possible in some cases.
On cigarettes, for instance, State
taxes vary from / to 8 cents
a pack. The Federal Government
would have to give all States the
same percentage cut of the revenue.
Those States which have high cigar
cite taxes would have to find re-
placement revenue if their total
take were reduced.
2. Deductibility. One jurisdiction
often allows deduction of other
jurisdictions taxes. For instance,
Federal income taxpayers are al
lowed to deduct State income taxes
from their taxable incomes. Some
States allow similar deduction of
Federal taxes. This becomes signifi-
cant only in the higher income
brackets.
3. Tar credits. Taxpayers would
be allowed to claim taxes paid to
States as a partial credit against
Federal tax liability. This device
has been used in transfer taxes at
death. or in unemployment insur-
ance taxes.
4. Uniformity OF tar bases and
methods of computing tGreS. States
are now moving to make their def
nitions Of taxable income coincide
with Federal definitions. Some
States peg their income taxes to
Federal taxes, taking, for example,
10 percent of the Federal levy.
5. Administrative cooperation. All
levels of Government exchange audit
information, and cooperate in other
areas of tax administration. The
areas could be expanded, thus re-
ducing the costs of administering
the taxes.
Some Now in Use
AS will be noted from the above
list, many of the methods of reduc-
ing the conflict among tax juris-
dictions are already being used on a
limited scale. These methods have
come into use quietly, without fan
fare or legislation.
The Treasury Department (then
under Democratic adership)
thought last year that this kind Of
constant chipping away at the most
fragrant overlap abuSeS-without
upsetting the infinitely complex tax
system-was the way to handle the
problem. Legislation, the depart
ment seemed to think, might not be
flexible enough to keep up with the
changing economy.
The Republicans are expected to
get around to studying the problem
soon. They are committed in their
platform and by their campaigns to
take some of the pain out Of taxes.
But there is little likelihood that
anything definite will be done to re-
lieve tax overlap ineff1ciencies for a
year or two. The issue is too COM
plex.
Evening star., 1953-03-08
Amigos .!
Democratic Labor
lnvudes Red Area
By John Herring

A few weeks ago, Stain gave one
OF his last private audiences to the
Argentine Ambassador to Moscow.
Throughout the Western Hemi-
sphere, and especially among labor
groups in Washington it was taken
as clear signal that this was the
latest exhibition of a totalitarian
tango, coupling right and left. The
Communist cold war strategy and
Peron'S current strategy for Argen-
tina toward the United States moved
in rhythm.
Nowhere was all this more appar-
ent than to the most sensitive ba-
rometers of totalitarian strategy and
tactics-the labor organizations Of
the United States. Here was one
area where the AFL and CIO and
mine workers could react spon-
taneously in unified way. These
unions had begun to synchronize
their activity in this field several
years back, the latest meeting Of
minds taking place last December
at Rio de Janeiro where they met
with the anti-totalitarian labor
groups of Latin America.
Same Old Come
This week, Serafino Romualdi,
AFLS Ambassador" to Latin Amer
lea, expressed the belief that despite
Stains last game of playing overt
footie with Peron, his tactics were
not different from what has long
characterized Communist activity in
the Americas. Despite this, Ro-
mualdi believes our labor groups are
making certain progress-at least
holding their own against the to-
talitarian pressure.
Romualdi makes the important
point that we should not talk about
Communist enlightenment alone. He
emphasizes the continuing efforts
sometimes successful-of totalitarian
governments in Argentina, Vene-
zuela and Peru, who are ready to
make common cause with Commu-
nists against the democratic forces
In the Western Hemisphere.
It is against this totalitarian en-
Evening star., 1953-03-08

OF the sources O1 IcVcIluc AAASAlV
work hardships on the poorer States.
On the other hand, there are
definite abuses in the overlapping
taxation technique. In Alabama,
for instance, people are taxed four
times on the same item: Federal.
State, county and city governments
all tax gasoline.
Besides being four times as vexa-
tiouS as any single assessment, such
tax overlaps have these disadvan-
tageS:
o They tend to concentrate taxes
unduly on q few economic areas,
risking distortion in the national
productive pattern.
Q They raise the cost Of admins
tering taxes by adding new corps
of administrators to Government
payrollS.
Q They harass taxpayers them
selves, and consume their time and
effort filling out two or three tax
forms on the same item.
Q They limit local governments
areas of taxation.
If separating tax sources IS not
the way to avoid the evils of tax
overlapping, what is? The Treasury
Department had some definite ideas
last year.
Democratic Suggestions
Here is a list of the methods the
then-Democratic Treasury Depart
ment outlined:
Evening star., 1953-03-08

circlement that the labor groups Of
the Western Hemisphere are renew
ing an intensive drive.
An important new development is
the establishment of the new head
quarters of the Inter-American Re-
g1onal Organization-the ORIT-in
Mexico City.
Importance Of Mexico
This organization is the regional
part of the International Confedera-
ton OF Free Trade Unions. The i'm
portance of Mexico City as head
quarters can be understood when we
recall that it was here that Vicente
Lombardo Tole6ano once held forth
as the big "I am" of the Communist
labor groups.
In Mexico the leading labor or
Confederation of Mexi-
can Workers-the STM-is now an
important affiliate of the ORIT.
The Mexican labor organization
with a membership of IL million,
led by Fidel Valasquez-had long
ducked this tieup. This was partly
q hangover from Lombardo Tole-
dano'S influence, which it was a long
time in Shedding-and it was also
due to a failure by others in their
approaches to the Mexican labor
movement.
So, Mexico has now become a CEN
ter, rather than target, of anti
Communist labor activity. The
hemisphere labor organization has
just had an infusion Of new blood
and new leadership.
Two Young Men
The ORIT is now headed by two
young men-a Costa Rican and a
Uruguayan-tWo of the smallest but
most vigorously democratic coun-
tries in the Western Hemisphere.
Luis Amberto Monge. 81 years old.
the Costa Rican, is the new secre-
tary general and operating head.
He was a self-educated coffee
hand, then went to the Interna-
tional Labor Office in Geneva for
two years, where he picked up con-
siderable savvy and cultivated a
Rl1U 1OI 4d14S NdSCO" INOW 4AO AAoo 4C-
turned to the Western world-and
is considered to be one of the rising
stars in the labor and political
heavens. The Communists hate and
fear him.
The president of the ORIT is 30
year-old Luis Alberto Colotusso Of
Montevideo, Uruguay. He is still a
brickmaker, earns his living by his
trade, is independent is in no mans
pocket - neither Uncle Sans nor
Juan Peron'S.
Bottle Isn't Won
This important display of vigorous
leadership against totalitarianism-
red and black-doesn't mean the
battle is won.
But it does mean that, in the
continuing struggle, this country
through our United States labor
movement-has important and in
dependent allies. They are demo-
cratic stalwarts below the Rio
Grande, whose support and interest
President Eisenhower says he espe-
cially wants to enlist.
Many of them believe that the
United States policy recently has
looked like a cold shoulder even
though the diplomacy of friendship
in Latin America has always paid
off in the past. The labor groups
in the ORIT don't see why the
United States must wait for ar
emergency before this country ex.
presses it's concern over the stat'
of democracy in the other American
republics In the meantime, while
Latin American dictators might ven
ture to play Russian roulette with
the Communists, the democratic
labor organizations have no inten'
ton Of indulging in that suicida
sport.
Evening star., 1953-03-08

and work programs during the de-
preston.
Just before World War II there
was heavy pressure for doing away
with conflicting taxation. But when
the war broke out, State and local
tax yields increased greatly. Lower
levels Of Government could pay their
own way again. The pressure eased
until after the war. Meantime, the
Federal Government was expanding
the range of its taxes. And after
the war, the overlap hurt States
and cities that much harder.
The following table shows how
Federal, State and local tax reve-
nue. sources overlapped in 1850 Gin
millions of dollars):
Tax Federal Stote Local
"dsSyG eS5nafs,ion 'Gfs%s: Seo@.. Ssso 5se
Sales 1874 @,670 A64
Property O. 3l1 1905
Deoth and gift $50 III
Social Insurance 400 1,o28
Licenses. permits. others la5 I'a5o .. 3S3 3s3
Total $o7 ,o84 $3.50 $9,002
The sales tax category in the
above table applies to such things
as gasoline, tobacco products,
stamps, alcoholic beverages, gifts,
admissions and amusements.
States get most of their revenue
from sales taxes, while local gov
ernments depend mainly on prop
erty taxes.
30 Pet. to U. S.
The Federal Government got 80
per cent of all the revenue col
Evening star., 1953-01-03
|Newlywed Sailor
Receivers $3.50
He Saved for Home

A sailors plans for buying q
home for his new bride, jolteo
at first by loss of his savings
were revived happily yesterday
with the return of his lost assets
The sailor, Steward 1/c OnzsloV
g. Williamson, 38, colored. at.
tached to the U. S. S. Boxer
docked in San Francisco, lost q
suitcase containing $6.780 ir
checks and savings bonds early
yesterday en- route from Union
Station to his home at 1895 Perry
street NE. The suitcase appar-
emily had tumbled from the cabs
trunk.
Shortly afterward the suitcase
was found in the road at Twelfth
and Monroe streets NE. by David
Hollender. TOO Buchanan street
NE, and Joseph Rotter, 390s
Eighth street NV.
They turned it in to the 18th
precinct police station, which re-
layed it back to its owner. Mr.
Williamson explained he planned
to use the bonds and checks to set
up a home in San Francisco for
his bride.
Evening star., 1953-01-03
Soldier AWOL From Soft Job
Fights in koreu for IS Months

went absent without leave. AT
Seattle he got In line with a
party Of Korea a-bound cooks, side
stepped inspection parties and
was undiscovered when the Army
transport reached yokohama.
Later he hid In q storage COM
|partment Of q transport and got
Ito Korea.
At PuSan. he slipped through
a hole in fence and hitch
hiked to Seoul.
He wound up in a mess tent Of
10 tank company's forward pla-
|toon.
They thought I was a replace
|ment and were delighted to see
me-" Won Kuznick related.
II always used my own name
but, after some close calls in tank
actions. I got to worrying about
what would happen If I was
wounded. All they had was my
name"
Won Kuznick went to his COM
|pany commander, told his story
and promptly was returned to Ja-
pan. There. he was fined SO for
being AWOL but argued until he
got official orders to return to
Korea with the tank unit.
Evening star., 1953-01-03
1913 Million Section
Of Children 5 Hospital
|0pens.to d Patients

Twenty-three young patients
filed down the peach, green and
yellow corridors of Children's
Hospitals new wing yesterday te
become first occupants of the re-
Gently completed $3.3 million wing
They were the first Of "a pa
tients to be housed in the five-
story wing which includes private
and semiprivate rooms. wards, SIX
newly equipped operating rooms
a dietary department and admin
istrative Offices.
In contrast to the older, drat
section Of the hospital. the new
halls and rooms are decorated in
bright, cheerful pastels with yel-
low curtains. Wall decorations
will be completed soon with chill
dren's pictures to make the little
patients feel more at home, hos
pital officials said.
The new wing was started In
the summer of 1851 and replaced
the original 1879 building. The
modern section was paid for by
public subscriptions and Federal
grants.
More patients are scheduled to
move into the new quarters each
day until the shift is completed
Sections of the vacant wing will
be renovated and modernized. A
wing on w street NV. is slated
to be torn down later to make
way for the DR.. Joseph Stiles Wal
Memorial Theater and parking
lot.
When the project is completed
the hospital will have accommoda-
tions for 245 patients and greatly
increased facilities.
Evening star., 1953-01-03
Southeast Church Of Christ
Plans Cornerstone Layinu

The Southeast Church Of Christ
1900 Minnesota avenue Sc, will
lay the cornerstone for its new
$4,000 building at 8 pm. to-
morrow.
Two members of the congrega-
ltion will lay the, cornerstone. The
Rev. Billy H. Hood. pastor will
preside. The Rev. Fred Walker
Arlington Church Of Christ, will
preach.
The church is of Colonial design
and brick construction and will
seat 300 persons. The full base
ment will be finished as a parish
hall. Tentative plans are under
way for construction of an educa-
tional building. The congregation
has been meeting in rented quar-
ters for six years.
Mr.. Hood. who lives with his
wife and two children at 1904 r
street Sc. is a graduate of Lips
comb College, Nashville, Tenn,
and the University OF Tampa.
Evening star., 1953-01-03
Housing Boom Past Peak,
Loan League Letter Says
BY the A..oeioted Pres,

CHICAGO, Jan. 3.-Recent re-
ports indicate the housing boom
has passed it's peak in many Sec
tions of the country. according to
the Quarterly Letter. publica-
tion of the United States Savings
and Loan League.
Current trends indicate some
decline in building of new houses
i'm 1853 from the 1852 level but
the 1-million house mark may be
approximated, the publication
said yesterday. It estimated more
than IL million houses were
started in 1852.
Markets are growing more
competitive with buyers generally
being in favored position" the
letter said. 1t was written by
Norman Strunk, executive vice
president of the league, and Ar
thur M. Weimer. dean of the
Indiana University School of Bus
lineSS.
Evening star., 1953-01-03
Apologies Replace
!SockfuI of Checks
From GorfinckeI's

Some stockholders of Julius
Garhnckel g. Co. got an apology
in their mail today in place of
their quarterly dividend checks
A store spokesman said the post
Office mislaid one of two sacks of
checks addressed to most of the
l2,275 common stockholders Mon
day. Expectant shareholders have
been bombarding the store with
complaints. the spokesman said.
The dividend is 371a cents a share.
The spokesman wouldn't reveal
the total.
Assistant Postmaster Gordon
Bell said the sack probably had
an old label on it and was mis-
sent out of town. It hasn't turned
up yet, he said.
Evening star., 1953-01-03
Army Abso|yes Guard
lin Fort Eustis Staying
BY the Associated Press

FORT EUSTIs. Va, Jan. 81
The shotgun killing Of a stockade
prisoner by a work detail guard
has been termed accidental by
Army investigators.
Pvt. Joseph Walker, 10. of Co.
lumbia. S. c., died yesterday
shortly after being shot in the
chest and neck.
Post officials said the blast came
from a shotgun in the hands of
Pvt. Walkers guard. Corpl. Oscar
johnson of Warrens. Wis. The
Army report said the weapon ac-
cidentally went off while Corpl.
johnson was loading it for the
purpose of frightening Pvt. Walker
into obedience.
When the corporal ordered the
prisoner to get back into a trash
collections truck. according to the
report, Pvt. Walker moved slowly
and said:
i've got all the time in the
world"
Corpl. johnson told the investi-
gators he put a shell into his 12-
gauge shotgun to scare the soldier
into moving faster. Somehow the
gun discharged accidentally, he
said,
The Army report said:
Apparently the guard did not
aim at the prisoner and the shot
gun was discharged accidentally. /"
The colored prisoner was to
have ended a three-month term
of hard labor on January II. He
had been sentenced for repeated
AWOL convictions.
Pvt. Walker was one of a four
man trash-collecting detail super
vised by Corpl. johnson.
Evening star., 1953-01-03
BY The Associated Press

WITH THE UNITED STATES
7th DIVISION, Korea, Jan. 81
The Army has found in It's 'front.'
lime ranks q soldier who says he
went AWOL from q soft army jot
lin the United States, hitch linked
Ito Korea. and spent is months
with . tank unit on the battle
lines.
The 7th Division officers today
were still trying to tie up all ends
LOT the soldiers story.
The officers said the man Ii
Corpl. Robert Won Kuznick.
"One thing we are certain of, Z
they said. 'He is here and he has
been with the tank unit"
Officers still were trying to de-
|termine Won Kuznick's home town
HE gave four different ones tc
different division record clerks.
This, said a division spokes-
man, Is his story:
Sixteen months ago, he was
teaching a course on why We
Fight in Korea" while at Fort
Knox. KY. After a Friday lee
|ture he decided he ought to go
and fight.
He got a weekend pass and