davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-08-05
March of KremIin
Must Be Blocked

Burma would be in no posi-
ton for defense.
Now, India is fronted on
that side by the Soviet empire.
I believe you read in the paper
this morning that Mossadegh
moved toward getting rid of
his parliament, and of course
he was in that move supported
by the Communist Party of
Iran. All of that position
around there is very ominous
to the United States, because
finally if we lost all that, how
would the free world hold the
rich empire of Indonesia?
So you see, somewhere along
the line, this must be blocked
and it must be blocked now,
and that's what we are trying
to do.
So when the United States
voted $400 million to help that
war, we are not voting a give
away program. We are voting
for the cheapest way that we
can prevent the occurrence of
something that would be of a
most terrible significance to the
United States of America, our
security, our power and ability
to get certain things we need
from the riches of the Indo-
nesian territory and from
Southeast Asia.
Now, that is the kind of
thing that 1t isn't good
enough for some one to decide
in Washington. All of us un-
Evening star., 1953-08-05

Now, the very difficult prob
lem is to find these trails,
these trails, through the great
extremes, difficult to find, diff
cult to discern, difficult to
mark out sometimes because
it's done by the process of trial
and error. But that's our
problem, and unless we meas
ure up to that with all the
work, all of the disappoint-
ments, the frustrations-when
the Senate doesn't extend the
debt limit when you know you
need it-you had that eX-
planned to you last night
OF course, there are frustra-
tions and there are disappoint-
ments and Setbacks, but unless
we continue intelligently and
aSsiduously together to search
out that proper route in this
maze of hills and rough coun-
try, then we are not doing our
duty, we are not carrying out
our oaths each of us has taken.
Now. have heard the Fed
eral administration criticized
much in the last six months
because they say, where is
the program, what are you
going to do on farm policy?
Well. it's pretty difficult to
do anything and to give you
one little farm policy in nice,
choice words when one group
wants grain prices as high as
they can get them and the
dairy producer or poultry pro-
ducer. says. "If you don't get
the grain prices down there
won't be any poultry"
So the program is this, to
work with all those of high
mind who are devoted to the
United States of America and
find ways in which thoughts
and intelligent action will help
us all, not just the farmer. not
just the laborer, not just the
capitalists, not just the banker;
all of us will go forward to a
better life, a better spiritual
life. intellectual opportunity
and material well-being.
Now. I have gone a long way
around the cabbage patch this
Evening star., 1953-08-05
People Must Act
In Case of Attack

It is perfectly clear that the
first thing that is needed if
you are going to have effective
civil defense against a possible
attack against this country is
an ordered or disciplined move
ment and action on the part
of the people in the case OF
emergency.
Just as you train young
children to go on defensive
drills in school if there is a
fire, that is the way we must
be trained and instructed. If
they are unwilling to accept
that, there is no hope of a
solution.
You can dig all of the cellars
in the world and have the
people try to get in them.
They wouldn't know where
they were. Some of you people
have been present in a heavy
bombing area.
You have seen the panic
that overtakes people. The in
dispensable ingredient of any
civil defense is some self-con-
troll, and that's all that disci-
pline is. On top of it then is
Evening star., 1953-08-05

cooperate. AS see it, one Of
the basic purposes of such
conferences as these ought to
be to pinpoint the way we can
get together and work to-
gether.
Because of my utter convic-
ton in this direction, I advised
you. as you know, to come to
Washington. ! would probably
accept every invitation you
sent to me and I will send you
more.
Because I want to describe
to you for just a moment be-
fore I sit down. probably
long ago used up my time.
You know there is one thing
about being President, nobody
can tell when to sit down.
I have heard lots of speak
ers get up and speak for two
brilliant crossroads. 1.-THE
United States is a crossroad.
Follow this road to secure the
salvation, this one to destruc-
tion."
I don't believe any such
thing, and I don't think there
ever has been. If these roads
we're so clearly marked out and
we could convince ourselves
that here was the road to sal
vation and there to destruc-
tion, we would have sense
enough to follow this road.
The facts are not those at
all. The facts are that out
here on the extremes of these
problems are paths that will
lead us to destruction, one in
one way and one in another.
What we have got is a great
hinterland in between those
two roads and through them
we have some kind of path
for all Of us to walk together
to decency and to progress;
not to immediate salvation
and the rainbow's end, not at
all, but progress, to do some
thing for 100 million people.
and in doing so, to do some
thing also for all the world,
because we are all interlocked
Just as the State and National
Government as q whole.
Evening star., 1953-08-05

an ordered plan to place peo-
pie in q position Of safety.
On top of that you can build
q number of artificial and or
ganized defenSes, even to in
clude your warning services in
case the Federal Govern
ment takes over in the field Of
active defense. But without
this ordered. and orderly, &C
ton on the part of the civil
ian population, all safety de-
fense measures will fall fiat.
AS it is today. suppose we
had an emergency in a de-
partment store in Seattle. Any
American would feel self con-
scious if you gave him a job
Of. let's say, going out and
helping drag out fire hose, or
standing out on the sidewalk
with a bucketful of sand.
He would feel self conscious.
Now, there is where the job OF
leadership has to work. How
are we going to get Americans
to do these things seriously
and soberly and knowing them
necessary?
The Federal Government has
q very wide, definite, fixed re-
sponsibility in this whole pro-
gram, but we can never do it
unless the localities down to
the last individual will CO.
operate.
I could go on enumerating
every kind of problem that
comes before the State. Let us
take, though, for example, one
simple problem in the foreign
field. You have seen war in
Indo- China described variously
as an outgrowth of French
colonialism and the French re-
fusal to treat indigenous popu-
lations decently. You find it
yet described as a war between
the Communists and the other
elements in Southeast Asia.
but you have a confused idea
of where is located Laos and
Cambodia or any Of the other
countries that are involved.
You don't know really why
we are so concerned with the
far-off southeast corner Of
Asia. Why is it?
Now, first of all, the last
great population remaining in
Asia that has not become
dominated by the Kremlin. OF
course, is the sub-continent OF
India, the Pakistanian govern
ment.
Here are $50 million people
who are still free. Now let us
assume that we lose Indo-
China. If Indo-China goes,
several things happen right
away. The peninsula, the last
little bit of land hanging on
down there, would be scarcely
defensible. The tin and tung-
stem that we so greatly value
from that area would cease
coming, but all India would
be outf1anked.
Evening star., 1953-08-05

voted for 1ndo- China by Con-
greSs. he said:
I'VE are voting for the cheap
est way that can prevent the
occurrence Of something that
would be Of a most terrible sig
nif1cance to the United States
of America"
Cites Southeast Asia Peril.
Gen. Eisenhower mentioned
the possible loss Of all Southeast
Asia, including India and Paki-
stan. He said If the Commu-
nists seized Indo-C China, Burma
would be in mo position for de-
fense."
The President declared. as
we'll, that vital supplies of tin
and tungsten would be cut off.
He noted the weakened condi-
ton of Iran and the fact that
that troubled country, like India,
is a neighbor of the Soviet en-
pire."
"All of that position around
there is very ominous to the
United States" he said. because,
finally, if we lost all of that. how
would the free world hold the
rich empire of Indo-China?"
Republican and Democratic
Governors, with one exception,
joined in applauding the PreSi-
dents message.
Gov. Lee DissentS.
The dissenter was Gov. j.
Bracken Lee, Utah Republican,
who also has criticized the ad-
ministration on domestic policies.
He said the United States IL
going too far on foreign aid.
II hate to see 1t continued"
he said.
Gov. Lee suggested two resolu-
tions urging:
/. That the President and Con-
gress appoint a citizens commit
tee to study whether the United
Nations Charter violates the
United States Constitution In
any way.
2. That U. N. members be re-
quired to furnish troops in pro-
portion to their population.
There is no excuse for any
country to contribute more men
than Others" he said. obviously
referring to the fact the United
States put the bulk Of the U, N.
Army into the Korean war.
Evening star., 1953-08-05
Eisenhower Warning Red Aggression Pledges Aid IndoCo War

Here is the tert of President
EisenhoWer'S address at the
18th annual Governors Con-
ference at Seattle:
I am here for a number of
purposes, but among them is
not that of making a long and
so-called important speech for
the record. The first thought
that strikes me as I stand up
is that Governors conferences
have changed in type a bit. 1t
used to be something like this.
all right, but they didn't have
so much pulchritude in the
rear.
I didn't know that there was
an audience of this kind. New
ertheless, while I had on my
mind talking of things which
I thought would be of interest
to the Governors, I hope that
the remainder of the audience
won't find these things too
boring.
Now first of all, I am here
for a very simple purpose.
Because of my indestructible
conviction that unless we pre-
serve in this country the place
of the State government. its
traditional place, with the
power. the authority, the re-
sponsibilities and the revenues
necessary to discharge those
responsibilities, then we are
not going to have America as
we have known it; we will have
some other form Of govern
ment.
And my thought was that il
I could come here to pay my
tribute of respect to the great
responsibilities that you men
as the executive heads Of your
States must carry on behalf OF
our people, then that alone
would justify my trip.
Now, within this concept, OF
course, is that of the need for
executive heads of each OF
these States to perform serv-
Ices for their people, the peo-
pie for whom they serve as
chief executives, that is al
most without scope and with
out limit.
BY this I mean that merely
because a chief executive signs
the bills that are presented to
him, presents to his legislature
a program that he believes to
be conceived in the best in
terests of his State. that is not
enough. In this modern and
complex time, the problems
that affect each Of our lives
very intimately, very det-
nitely, are very difficult to
understand.
A chief executive, in no mat
ter what echelon, be it city.
State or Federal, has many
sources of information, accu-
rate information, that are
often denied to the people IN
general or if they are not de-
MED. they come to the people
through certain reports that
are difficult to relate, one to
the other, and therefore see
their significance.
Evening star., 1953-08-05

derstand, because out Of that
kind of thing grows the need
for taxes. The security of the
United States is not just the
business of the Secretary of
Defense and the Congress and
the President and the secre-
tarieS of the services; it's the
business of every man, woman
and child and, if it is their
business, then it is the busi-
ness of all of us. We need
help.
I don't care what the prob
lem is. I think I can always
talk, my friends, just to get
back to this one thought:
Unless the Governors of the
States. I don't give a hoot
whether a Democrat or Re-
publican is in this kind of a
job, we are Americans, in the
Federal Government, unless
we can cooperate on the basis
of understanding of the facts
and progress steadily. surely
and confidently in carrying
out a program that we believe
will establish the security of
the United States, not only
from a bomb, from some kind
of destructive action of the
enemy, but make sure that its
Surpluses are carried abroad
and in return for those sur
pluses we get back goods that
will allow those people to buy
our surpluses; unless we have
that kind of economic strength
we are going to have to live
a very different kind Of life
than we do.
Evening star., 1953-08-05
Governors Urged
To Keep People Informed

I believe that a chief exec
utive has, among other things.
the responsibility Of informing
his own commonwealth, his
own State, about these major
problems all the time, be it
Korea, Indo-China. taxes, debt
limit, no matter what. he has
the chore of using the facll-
tiles open to him, including
that of making talks. He has
the chore of trying to inform
the people in that State so that
hey will in turn support rea-
sonable programs nationally as
we'll as Statewide.
And indeed, I think at this
point in the national and
State plan it is again very,
very difficult to establish
clear dividing line. We know
this: Unless the United States
is prosperous, unless it is
strong, unless it is secure
there is no strength. there is
no prosperity, there is no secu-
rity for any State.
Consequently. we instantly
conclude there is no true dlVl-
sion in the scope of our con-
Germ for the people we are at
tempting to serve.
The dividing line. you see'
Is really how we coordinate
our several functions so that
we are not doing exactly the
same thing, but so that the
efforts of each compliment the
other.
That is the reason that one
of the first acts of mine When
I went to Washington and was
supported by a cabinet. and'
indeed. by advisers who are
now sitting around this table
and who occupy Governors
chairs: asked for a commits
sion that would study this
nroper division between State
responsibility and Federal re-
sonsibility, not for one instant
meaning that we divide our
concern about these major
problems of the world ana
which we have the responsible
ity of helping to inform our
people. 4
I do not mean to do that
exclusively. We have the re-
sponsibility. But ! do mean
that unless we find a way OF
dividing the responsibility we
are bound to blur too lnden-
nitely the line that divides our
several functions and eventu-
ally, as say again, it Will not
be the American system as we
have known it.
Now, this goes into every
field of activity of which can
think. Long years ago. you
know, they attempted to estab-
lish security establishments.
It was a composition of a regu-
lar and professional group sup
ported by what we call ma
tional concerns and then the
State National Guard later,
and the Federal. All of that
was done in an effort to bring
together the best capabilities
of the State and of the Ma
tional Government and to pro-
vide security for us at all times
and with the least possible
cost.
Evening star., 1953-08-05
Governors Welcome
Returning GIs After
Hearing Eisenhower
By the Asseeiafed Press

| SEATTLE, Aug. 5.-The Ma
tion's Governors extended q
warm welcome-home today to
more than 1000 lighting men Of
Korea-symbols of United States
resistance to Communist am
bitions in Asia.
The special dock-side greeting
took on deeper meaning in the
light Of President Eisenhower's
latest, and one of his strongest,
warnings against Red aggression
in Southeast Asia.
Gen. Eisenhower spoke before
the National Governors Con-
ference yesterday and support
for his foreign policy statement
quickly formed among the State
executives.
There was no mention of Korea
in the Presidents informal talk.
But the Governors got a living
reminder of that truce -silenced
battle-ground in the faces and
stories of the returning veterans.
Parade Scheduled.
Each Governor or his repre-
sentative was scheduled to escort
a homecoming soldier from his
State in parade through Seat
tie. The selected 48 GI's were
among the 2,313 veterans who
arrived aboard the military
transport Marine Lynx.
President Eisenhower told the
| Governors the advance Of COM
/ munism in Southeast Asia and
Iran has created a Every omi-
nous" threat to American Sc
curity.
Referring to the $400 million
Evening star., 1953-08-05
Must Get Together
And Work Tooether

This can all be done only
through cooperation. This is
no partisan proposition. We
don't have a monopoly on
truth or on the facts that af-
feet this country. We must
work together.
Now, I have said things
probably that you have heard
every time some one talks. All
of us profess our readiness to
Evening star., 1953-08-05

every State and the National
Government would do its
proper job under that concept,
it would still be a good one for
the United States. The trouble
of it is jealousieS develop. In
efficiencies, and recriminations
start. and we have more fun
criticizing than we do working
constructively. It is odd.
OF course, this is no new dis
covery of the human mind, but
it is odd, isn't it, that we have
so much more fun calling the
other fellow a so-and-so than
getting out and doing some
thing to correct either the er-
ror that he has committed or
that we have. It is probably
one of the things, though, that
any President is never allowed
to forget, even for a minute.
If we go into the field of
agriculture, if we go into the
field of Federal power and the
conservation of all the re-
sources of this United States.
we find this same community
of purpose with the necessity
of division of responsibility OBJ
tainS.
AS I. understand it, this
morning you are going to try
in a round-table conference
to sort out in your own minds
and possibly sort out in our
minds what these divisions
should be. Certainly I know Of
no one in the Federal Govern
ment today, no matter what
his job, who thinks he knows
all of the answers. We cannot
fail to benefit then from a dis
cussion on those subjects.
In certain instances, I think
very obvious truths should pre-
vail. Unless we are partners
in some of these things, they
cannot be done. But if part
nership is going to consist only
in talking about local rights
and central responsibility-re-
Sponsibility. particularly when
it is f1nancial-that is going to
be pattern-there is no hope.
When we share responsible
ity. we share responsibility all
of the way through, financial
as well as for seeing that the
thing is effectively operated.
But if we obey this principle
the closer we leave government
and every kind Of govern
mental responsibility to the
people, calling in the Federal
Government where there is a
clear service to be performed,
which could not be performed
adequately without its cooper
alton and it's partnership, then
I will say we will be headed in
the right direction.
This principle applies in this
great problem-I don't know
whether you have yet talked
about tit is one of the con-
troversial subjects-is civil de-
fense. Civil defense is abso-
lutely impossible without COM
plete and enthusiastic Coop
Grafton, not merely of govern
ments, not merely of men, but
of every man, woman and child
in the United States. This
is one thing that can't be han
died except for the people Of
the States.
Evening star., 1953-08-05

morning to tell you why I am
here, but I hope that out of
these rather wandering
thoughts that you have discov-
cred something of why a num-
ber of my associates and I
and others in Washington
came over here to meet you.
We consider this a rich oppor-
tunity. Thank you.
Evening star., 1953-08-05
JeoIousies Develop
To Hinder Work

And, indeed, in spite Of the
tradition that has been di-
rected at us, I believe this: I
believe that If every citizen,
Evening star., 1953-07-30
Block Byrnes Nomination,
ADA Urqes Senate Unit
by the Assoeioted Press


Americans for Democratic Ac-
ton has urged the Senate For
eign Relations Committe to turn
down the nomination Of Gov.
James F. Byrnes of South Caro-
lima as a United States delegate
to the United Nations General
Assembly.
'Byrnes' known views on mat
ters of race would surely under
mine confidence in our foreign
policy" the ADA declared in a
telegram to Chairman Wiley of
the committee.
The ADA said it recognizes
Gov. Byrnes' "unquestioned de-
votion to the interest of the
United States and his services
as one of the architects of the
policy of resistance to Soviet
Russia"
What it objected to, the ADA
said, was Gov. Byrnes' announced
intention to close down South
Carolina's public schools if the
Supreme Court rules that segre-
gatio in the schools is unconsti-
tutional. Several cases involv-
ing this question are pending be-
fore the high tribunal.
Evening star., 1953-07-30
The Headaches Peace BrinQs
Y. S. Negotiations With Great Britain Seen Difficult;
At Same Time, the Ironion Mgroine Is Back Again

ton with the United States
more to Britain's advantage
than the gains from Commu-
mist China'S trade and good
will.
Since Winston Churchill has
been on sick leave, little pres
sure has been exerted on
Washington for a Big Four
conference. However, the State
Department expects a resump-
ton of the conference often
sive" as soon as Mr.. Churchill
returns to handling of state
affairs. The British Premier
seems to thrive on conferences.
Throughout the last war Mr..
Churchill hoped around the
world seeing Roosevelt, Stain
and Turkeys President Ismet
Inonu at the drop of a hat.
Whenever the slightest diff
culties occurred he urged his
opposite numbers in other
countries to gather around a
conference table. Sometimes,
as at Teheran and Yalta, he
burned his fingers. But that
did not curb his desire for
more and bigger conferences.
Mr.. Churchill rushed to
New York soon after the Re-
publican victory at the polls
and insisted on comforting in
formally with Gen. Eisenhower
and Mr.. Dulles. who had not
yet taken Office. He was disap-
pointed when he could wiring
no informal commitments"
from either man.
For the last seven months
Mr.. Churchill has been hipped
on a. Big Four parley. although
we pointed out that such a
gathering under present world
conditions could have only
propaganda value for the men
in the Kremlin. The State De-
partment expects with resig-
nation another offensive"
from London if and when Mr..
Churchill becomes active again.
But the most immediate
headache which confronts our
Government on the diplomatic
front is in Iran. Because of
the recent dramatic develop
ments in Korea and in East
ern Germany the developments
in that Middle Eastern country
have received little public no
tice.
In spite Of his advanced
age and shaky health, the
weeping willow" as Prime
Evening star., 1953-07-30
Fletcher KnebeI-
Potomac Fever

Milton Eisenhower reports White House after good
will of South America. t 81 quoted them chapter and
Ike: "hush don't mention anything about books around
here until Congress gets out of town."
The new Hoover Commission Government tape
portedy considers Federal employees
caught doing nothing Of them will be fred for
sary duplication.
The Senate admit 100000 refugees United
States They'll learn this glorious country where
learn to yourself with your little finger You have to-
the other nine are busy supporting Washington.
Senate conferee to give the Federal Govern
control the continental shelf This several
miles this side OF Spains you leave the State of Texas
Civil Defense says the Korean truce doesn't
change the need for strong civil defense strong
those things hear the end oor the
beginning of.
plays weekday golf Woodmont Country
stead his usual Burning Tree Ike must be trouble
his scea dozen Secret Service nquring
about extra hazard life insurance rates.
The House to strip Chairman Hoffman power over
his Government Operations Committee forgot
of pocthoSe who their ground
get the erked out from under them.