davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-08
General de GouIIe Retreats

General de Gaulles record of favoring the
unorthodox in political strategy is not contra
dicted by his latest maneuver. Suffering set
back in the recent municipal elections, the
broody general has announced that henceforth
his party the Rally of the French People, will
enter no candidates in contests at the polls and
will cease to function as group in parliamentary
activity. But by some unexplained means, he
announced further, the party will continue to
organize and extend itself in the country to
fulfill its mission"
Precisely what the general has in mind for
himself and his party is not quite clear. He
has, on at least one other occasion, publicly
announced his own withdrawal from political
activity, but that particular gesture at self
exile lasted only few weeks In this instance,
De Gaulle is retreating in some disorder with
his party at its lowest ebb in discipline and
parliamentary strength in several years. Fol-
lowing the national elections of June, 1884, the
RPF held 121 seats in the National Assembly,
the largest single-party bloc. Thirty-six of
these deputies walked out of the party last
summer in protest at the Generals order that
they must vote according to instructions Of the
party committee-a steering group fully under
his personal control. Last January, only one
deputy followed the generals advice" on
opposing Rene Mayer for the premiership.
1t would be unrealistic, perhaps, to con-
clude that De Gaulle has reached an end to his
political influence. In its new role of shadow
party" that will have national mission" but
no formal responsibility for its conduct in the
Assembly, the RPF may still be in position to
make or break governments that exist habit
ually in France through a series Of short-ived
coalitions and compromises. Ironically, one of
De Gaulle's own causes-revision OF the con-
stitution in a way which could assure greater
cabinet stability-has gained enough recent
support to offer encouragement of its accept
ance, prospect that might deal really fatal
blow to his favorite tactic of forcing votes Of
no-conf1dence. .
Legislation embracing the constitutional
changes is being submitted to the Assembly
next week. Leading the fight for its adoption
are several former Premiers, foremost among
them being Rene Pleven, who feel that none
of the countrys economic and social problems
are unsolvable if any government could feel
safe in office for long enough to carry out
constructive program.
On one other major De Gaullist issue-that
of opposition to the European army treaty
other developments of the past few months are
contributing to favor his point of view. The
revival of French fears about German rearma-
ment, the sticky controversy over the Saar-
land and the soothing effects of the Russian
peace offensive" have combined to bog down
the drive within French political circles for
ratification of the treaty. BY the time some
of these problems are resolved, General de
Gaulle may be ready to return openly to the
political arena, but whether for constructive or
obstructive purposes is difficult to foretell.
Evening star., 1953-05-08
War Reporters Have Come a Iona Woy
BY Mary McGrory

THE current bitterness between
i press and military over the deplor-
able Army story Of "brain-washed"
POWs returned by Korean Commu-
nists is as nothing compared to the
fierce and open warfare that ragged be-
tween correspondents and generals
during the Civil War.
In those days criticism Of command
ing officers was uninhibited to degree
unknown today. For running 80 corre--
spondents out Of his camp. Gen. Henry
Wager Halleck was called by New
York World writer IAN irritated old
maid, silly schoolgirl and a vacillating
coquette."
Gen. Sherman tried to have Thomas
w. Knox of the New York Herald
hanged for an unfavorable story and
prophesied that the day would come
when every officer twill demand the
execution Of this class Of spies"
A new book, Reporters for the
Union," by Bernard Weisberger Oittle.
Brown and Coz shows that Sher-
mans choler was to large measure
justified. In that period Of no accred-
itation and no operable censorship,
correspondents who freely reported
troop movements and battle plans were
plainly a menace to their own side.
They could. moreover, with inf1amed
reports, cause panic among civilians.
In fact, on many occasions the gentle
men of the press more than deserved
the eplthet affixed to them by Con-
federate commander who called them
"the worst and most obnoxious of all
non-combatants."
In that era of personal journalism,
when reporter was expected faith
fully to mirror the sentiments Of his
employer. he rarely let facts interfere
with his reporting" Objectivity was
as much of luxury as a battlefield
bath. How the public managed to
keep informed is q question. It was
too often a matter of Which paper
do you read?"
For instance. when Gen. Fremont
was relieved Of his command in the
West. the abolitionist Horace Greeley's
New York Tribune declared there was
Overwhelming support for him in the
face Of vindictive personal attacks"
The New York Herald, which favored
a compromise peace, said Fremont's
career. both martial and political"
had proved very unfortunate"
It was the same with accounts Of
freed slaves. The Herald said the
Army was "coddling an unbridled and
Evening star., 1953-05-08
When Economy Is Costly

The theory underlying the gratifying action
of a Senate Appropriations Subcommittee in
restoring Capper-C -Cramton funds to the pend
ing Independent Offices appropriation bill is
that mSdirected economy is worse than no
economy at all. The Budget Bureaus ill
advised elimination of money for keeping the
vital Capper- r-Cramton park program alive was
misdirected economy. 1t is the type of economy
that will cost the Government in the long run
more than could be temporarily saved. Chair
man Saltonstall and his colleagues of the sub
committee have given proper recognition to the
value of the MISREPRESENTATION program as
part of the development plan for the Nations
Capital They have realized that since parks
and Fairgrounds are essential, it is thrifty to
acquire the land now before rising costs and
residential expansion make further extension
impracticable.
The Senate will not be indulging in an
extravaganza if it supports the recommendation
of the Saltonstall group that more than half
a million dollars be appropriated for land
buying under the Capper Cramton law. This
act has had great deal to do with the orderly
growth of Greater Washington-a growth that
balances streets and houses with open spaces
for recreation. It has provided the Metropoli-
tan Area with fine memorial highway along
the Potomac River from Mount Vernon to
North Arlington. It has enabled officials to
plan the continuation of this boulevard through
Fairfax County to Great Falls, there to connect
by bridge with a similar section of the
George Washington Memorial Parkway on the
Maryland District side of the river. This park
way is not just scenic drive. It has become
an important trafic-reef artery, any blocking
of which would add to the areas future traffic
troubles.
The Senate subcommittee also restored
administrative funds needed by the National
Capital Park and Planning Commission to carry
out the regional planning reorganization ordered
last year by Congress. Without this money the
new National Capital Regional Planning Council
would be unable to function This council has
the important responsibility of co-ordinating
park and highway planning within the entire
Metropolitan Area The Budget Bureau and
the House had slashed these funds draStically.
Other money, restored by the Senate group,
will pay for park sites in nearby Maryland,
earmarked for purchase under the Capper-
Cramton program.
The full Senate Appropriations Committee
should see to it that it's subcommittee report
is adopted and strongly backed on the floor Of
the Senate-and in conference The future
appearance and welfare of Washington are
involved in this Capper-Cramton issue.
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Letters to The Star

are aimed at the solution of those
problems.
Granted, reiterating and re-echoing
such policies must be done skillfully,
not tiresomely. But they must be done.
They are weapons of cold war. If the
Russians use them, we too must use
them. There is no alternative to not
using them-except to let the Russians
pre-empt the whole area Of the appeal
to peoples minds.
John E. Dineen,
Chief, General Services Branch, Inter-
national Press Service, State Depart
ment.
Checks Stokes on Oil
I wish to join with other letter
writer's who have been extremely crit
ical of Thomas Stokes for his effusion
upon the tidelands oil question. He
calls the President names that are dis
graceful, misrepreSents the case COM
pletely, fails to note that Mr.. EiSen-
hover campaigned upon a platform
promising return to the States Of their
property seized by the Federal Gov
ernment. He also failed to mention
that the same bill passed both houses
of Congress previously by large major
tiles and was vetoed by the man who
was repudiated last November.
In fact this question has been ham
died by most writer's upon ''propa-
ganda" basis. No one yet, and this
seems inexcusable. has pointed out that
much of the discussion is shadow-box-
ing. Whoever extracts the oil, the Fed
eral Government will get its So per cent
corporation tax, and if excess taxes
continue, far more. Whatever propor-
ton of these earnings is paid out to
individuals will pay an additional in
come tax of from % to 80 per cent
depending upon the tax bracket.
L. E. p.
Evening star., 1953-05-08

The Chicago Tribune sourly declared
that much Of the laudatory writing of
the war was emitted by army CORE
spondents with bellies full from the
mess tables of major generals, the dis
sonant few being swallowed up like
pharaoh'S lean kline by the well-kept
bullocks who form the majority"
On the other hand, the fury Of the
reporter Scorned was like no other. Two
reporters who were turned down in their
requests to become aides to Col. Jacob
D. Cox called his troops "a rabble of
ruf6ans, burning houses, ravishing
women, robbing and destroying prop
erty"
Such outbursts made the contempo-
rary opinion that they were not COM
pletely professional corps. selling their
services impartially to the highest bid
der" seem mild indeed.
In the early days of the war, before
Sherman was finally able to impose a
strict censorship, Union correspondents
busily divulging vital military secrets
argued that spies got the information
through anyway. This may have been
so. but nevertheless one of the most
careful readers of the Northern press
was Gen. Robert E. Lee.
Even the most security minded gen.
eral at the Pentagon would have to ad-
NIT that war correspondents have come
long way since then.
Evening star., 1953-05-08

this day. Many Of them, however, have become
a lasting part Of the American system and the
philosophy Of public responsibility for the
welfare of the Nations citizens
There have been few, If any, who have
questioned Senator Wagner's sincerity or in
tegrity. He was in the words of Republican
Governor Dewey, "a good and faithful public
servant"
Evening star., 1953-05-08

@. Where did Negro Freemasons in
this country establish their first lodge?
B. w. T.
A. In Boston. African Lodge No. 450
was organized on July 3, IT'S. at the
Golden Fleece on Water street. It was
the first lodge of Negro Freemasons on
the American continent.
Evening star., 1953-05-08

@. May rain water be used in q stor-
age battery?-B. w.
A. Authorities advise that distilled
water be used in storage batteries when
ever obtainable. Rain water. like tap
water, can be used but 1t is more HARM
full than distilled water.
Evening star., 1953-05-08
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

By THE HASKIN SERVICE.
Q. Is daylight-saving time standard
time?-V. r.
A. Daylight-saving time is not diff
ferent kind of time. only q different
clock setting. It is still standard time.
Daylight-saving time and summer time
are popular designations for what Is
technically called advanced time or
fast time.
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Questions and Answers

The stars readers can get the answer to any
question Of fact by either writing The Evenins
Washington g. D. c., and incloSing cents re.
turn postage. or by telephoning Sterling 3-7363.
Evening star., 1953-05-08

that the convention rules, which have
been amended many times since, are
flexible enough to permit compromise
to settle differences Of opinion which
may have arisen. It cannot be en-
phasized too often that the choice of
school board candidates should be made
solely on the basis of qualifications for
that Office.
Mrs. Knud StOwman,
President, League of Women Voters
of Arlington.
Smeurs
In his April % column David Lawr-
ence cried his heart out because he felt
Senator Bridges is being smeared by
being mentioned in the Grunewald in
vestigation.
In the past Mr.. Lawrence cried smear
in behalf Of Mccarthy and Nixon
among others, Just who is Mr.. Lawrence
trying to fool? Are Republicans the
only ones being Smeared? During the
last Presidential campaign when Vice
President Nixon, then Senator, travelled
across the country trying to create the
impression that Gov. Stevenson was
sympathetic to Communist causes be-
cause of his deposition in the Alger
Hiss case, never read in Lawrence's
column of Adlai being smeared I guess
it all depends who is on the receiving
end of the smear. ]. F. Banashek
Suitlond Parkway Crush
The recent letters to The Star de-
ploring the tragic, needless death OF
two children by a speeding driver
who had been drinking, certainly
meets with resounding amen from
all parents. But how about the thou
sands of sober drivers who kill through
willful disregard of the laws of traffic?
Speeders, who are so anxious to save a
minute that they will risk the lives Of
innocents should be forced to waste
few years in Jail! If the legislators
would pass a inundated two-year Jail
sentence for speeding and the death
sentence for negligent murder (and no
ifs, ands, and buts) our highways
would be safer than our own homes.
Annie Oakley Snyder.
AS Cne 1dCIleT VI ClIoc SAAdA NAAA'0A "a
as we'll as one who drives an automobile
every day. know that the tragic deaths
of little Patricia Dodge and Inez Richie
on Suitland Parkway were horrible
loss and shock to their parents. From
all the newspaper accounts and lot
of letters to the editor columns feel
that Sergt. loves being condemned
is little too hasty.
Let's not forget that there is such
a thing as an unavoidable accident.
A person can step off a sidewalk IN
front of a car going 20 m.p.h. and be
killed if he does it quite suddenly or
unexpectedly enough.
Virginia MOtOrist.
Evening star., 1953-05-08

Pen-nan1es may be used If letters carry
1Oriters' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09
FIGHT ON TODAY

Continued From Pepe Onel
did not contain this section. But the
Senate bill included a section which
would authorize a 90-day freeze on
the economy, but only after a con-
gressional declaration Of war or a
congressional resolution okaying
the freeze.
The House Banking Committee
struck Ii from the bill.
Chairman Wolcott (R-Mich) has
argued that Congress could enact
controls quickly II needed. He says
the mere existence of standby con-
trolls on the statute books would be
sword hanging over the head Of
business.
Rep. Spence tD-Kyl, senior Dem.
ocrat on the committee. said in an
interview that the economy win be
in turmoil in any future war
emergency without standby control
powers.
We don't like controls any more
than the Republicans. Spence
said. "But If We are going TO have
a Defense Production Act. il ought
to meet the needs Of the people. "
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09
NEW TRIAL Is

(Con.imued from Page onel
newly discovered eyi.
dence.
Bloch charged that two key pros
ecsgtion witnesses, David Green
glass ard bis wife Ruih. commit.
ted perjury AZ the trial Of the
Rosenhergs- Greeaelass. Mrs. Ro-
sanherg'x brother. was sensenSed
"a is years fer his part in the
conspiracy.
Prog. Mslecirn Sharp Of TIE uni-
verssty at Chicago Law Sehoca ar.
gued for TIE defense with Bloch.
Kaufman ruled that TIE degense
eoaientions IN their nntSoa we're
sgppoTted Ard ineTsdGbtE.
TIE 5asEs said the 6eserse crn.
tended rat Greeugsass Ind herr
lsyn2vna la ~ espAnaaga rag ard
Tad lnsslIeated Rosenberg haeaase
q = griex1nee. Un5er these ssr~
ean stances. the fa4re declared, II
wcgl4 seem Miagien3 81 gsfnen-
glass - srnnaieafe - se-g II shx
@eFS gazaegEt
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09
SOUTH KOREANS

Continued From Page One)
ment approved Monday at Pan
munjom provides that Indian
troops would guard prisoners who
refuse to return home until their
future is determined. Rhee and
other South Korean officials have
called India pro-Communist.
In Seoul, u. S. military police
detachments were rushed to U. N.
Command buildings as crowds Of
government inspired demonstra-
tors grew to astonishing proper
tons.
With placards waving, the chant.
ing crowds snake-danced through
the streets. Some of the marchers
were sullen. Many were weeping,
Semi-hysterical school girls.
In the march toward the Eighth
Army compound hundreds of men
paraded behind a crowd Of school
girls, using them as shield in an
attempt to break through the mill.
tary police barrier. But the ruse
did not work.
A group of school girls broke
past MP guards at Fifth Air Force
headquarters and entered the com.
pound, but adult demonstrators
were stopped cold, authorities said.
About 1000 men and women
chanted slogans around big sign
reading Don't Let U. N. Desert
Korea" Ten men bit the ends oil
their fingers and Streaked the sign
with blood.
Weeping girls from a School
which was bombed by Red plane
Monday night pressed past a bar,
rier and into the compound where
Allied war correspondents are
billeted.
One girl cried "our country Is
dying"
The girls then chanted in unison,
in response to the shouts of several
leaders. Many appeared semi-hys.
terical and some collapsed.
Five thousand school children
shouted in clusters around Seoul :
railroad terminal.
Tens of thousands of marchers
paraded into the grounds of the
city'S battered capitol.
Stores and shops were closed
tight.
Demonstrators in other cities ap.
peared to have been on a smaller
scale.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09
Staff Officers Work On Final
Details For Korean Armistice

and national assemhlymen who at
tended the session reaffirmed their
decision to ignore an armistice
based on the May Is U. N. pro-
posal, continue the war, and fight
Indian troops if they land in Korea.
The South Korean National AS
Sembly was to hear a recommen-
dation that it declare war on In
dian troops if they come into Ko-
rea to guard prisoners after an
armistice.
India, under the prisoner ex-
change agreement signed Monday,
will provide troops - probably
about 5,O00-to handle the POWs.
Yoon Chi Yung, vice chairman
of the Assembly's crisis commit.
tee, said he will offer the recon-
mendation late Tuesday afternoon.
Revision of the ceaSe-fire line to
follow the present battle line prob
ably was one matter discussed by
negotiators and staff officers. The
original line was drawn up in No.
Vember, 1851. Since then it has
changed only slightly.
Observers anticipated no serious
delay in reaching agreement on a
new ceaSe-fire line.
The big obstacle was swept aside
Monday with the signing of the
agreement providing for voluntary
prisoner exchange.
Still, the threat of continued
South Korean warfare after a
cease-fire agreement worried top
u. N. officials.
There was no indication what
would happen if the R0K armies
refuse to acknowledge a truce. All
fighting is to halt IL hours after
the armistice is signed. Within u
hours troops Of both sides are to
pull back to create a buffer zone
ga miles wide. And at the same
time, machinery for the release of
prisoners of war will be set in
motion.
South Korean leaders were bit
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09

ter over the prisoner exchange
agreement. They said it failed to
live up to the United Nations STUN.
damental principle of human free
DOM"
The agreement provides for the
release of all prisoners who want
to go home within go days after
signing a truce. That would include
some $4,000 Allied soldiers held by
the Reds and 1890 Allied-held
North Koreans and Chinese who
have said they want to go home
Reluctant priSonerS-14,200 Chi.
nese and 32,180 North Koreans
would remain in custody of a five
nation commission for 80 days.
Agents from Red China and North
Korea would have an opportunity
to explain their full freedom to re.
turn home to lead peaceful life. -
After that period, prisoners still
refusing repatriation would be
turned over for 80 days to a politi,
cal conference, which would try to
settle their fate.
Captives who still balk at return
ing home would then be freed as
civilians in South Korea and given
the chance to 90 to a neutral
nation.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09
Legion To Plan
For Installation

Plans for the annual installation
of officers will be completed at the
regular meeting of Arthur Sawyer
Post No. q, American Legion, on
Wednesday evening at the Post
Home on Stock Island.
A group of new members viii be
obligated. The Key West Guard of
Honor will conduct a memorial
service for Legionnaire Harry C.
Lloyd, ST.. and Rem Williams, who
recently died.
The Key West Transit Company
now runs a regular schedule to
the Post Home. The Sigsbee Park
bus makes the Post Home a Sche.
duled stop for the bus.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09
PETE FERNANDEZ
(Continued from Page One

(Contlnued from Page One)
route. His dad wanted him to be
telegrapher, as he was, but he
wanted to be a pilot, she added.
The elder Fernandez used to re-
ward his sons good marks with
model airplanes, she recalled.
Fernandez family first lived at
the corner of Simonton and Greene
Streets and then moved to White
Street near the site of Truman
School, she recalled.
That the 2S-year old ace is a
''real Conch" is evidenced by the
fact that he is proud of his Key
West birthright. Mrs. Demeritt said
that when Fernandez was inter-
viewed over the radio with Senator
George SmatherS in Washington,
he was asked where he was from.
Il live in Miami but was born
in Key West I'm q Conch," was
his reply.
Other Key West relatives anx-
iously awaiting the arrival of Fer
nandez are an uncle, VIII Demeritt;
two aants, Mrs. Raymond John
son and Mrs. Miriam Kelly; two
cousins, Joe Farto and Mrs. Frank
Velez; two great auntS, Mrs. Kath-
crime Weatherford and Mrs. Nora
Montecino and a great uncle. Frank
Gates.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-06-09
Vets In Training

WASHINGTON R-The Veterans
Administration reported today that
the number of veterans receiving
training under the Korean CT Bill
reached 131, O56 on April 80.
That was more than double the
sc, 900 enrolled on Jan. /, and rep
resented a jump of nearly 10000
during April, from 1910 on
March 81.