davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Dorothy thompson:
|nvestiqotions Are Necessary
Congress Must Inquire Into Government Operation
In Order to Make Laws and Protect Y. S. Security

They speak vaguely Of letting
the FBI do the job" But the
FBI does not make the immi-
grafton, civil service, or inter-
nal defense laws. Congress
makes them, and to make them
properly must inquire into the
existing situation.
It was certainly within the
province Of Congress to inquire,
for instance, how and through
whom Whitaker Chambers,
seeking a plausible cover in
Washington for his activities as
a Soviet agent, managed, al
most overnight, to get himself
a comfortable boondoggling
Job in "the national research
project" Chambers named its
associate director, Irving Kap-
Ian, who later went into the
Treasury, it's Decentralization
division in Germany, and to the
United Nations as an economic
affairs officer.
Kaplan refused to testify as
to who. in the Government.
employed him, and with whom
he conferred to get in. on the
ground that any answers
might incriminate him.
Was the question of how he
got and stayed on the Federal
payroll for years irrelevant? Is
to ask it witch hunting?
The answer is obvious.
Evening star., 1953-05-04

concerned. this battle over our
natural resources may become
the dominant issue Of the
Eisenhower era. There Is a
clearly planned campaign to
reverse the trend of the last
half century, started by Theo-
dore Roosevelt, who began to
set aside parts OF our domain
to protect this valuable natural
heritage from the plundering
that he found going on when
he became President. He and
other Presidents since spon-
sored laws which seek to pre-
serve these lands and develop
them in a way that will best
conserve our resources.
Luckily for the public, it
discovered in the offshore oil
land fight in the Senate that
there Is a group, including
both Democrats and Republic
cans, which is fully aware of
the long range significance Of
the gigantic raid on our nat
ural resources in which the
offshore oil bill was the first
step. This same group will be
ready to contest further steps
which will involve public lands
in interior States.
This group is due great
credit. 1t fought against great
odds. 1t knew in advance that
it was almost bound to lose,
unless a miracle happened. It
Evening star., 1953-05-04

the attempted raids, some Sue
cessfully. by privileged interests
during the 192Os.
Then we had the names
Borah, Norris, LaFollette.
Walsh, among others-as to-
day we have the names-Doug-
las, Hill, Morse, Kefauver,
Monroney. Sparkman, Lehman.
Humphrey. Aiken, among
others.
Around this group may be
made much Of the history Of
this era, as that other minority
group eventually impressed it
self on that other era.
Greedy interests began to
move in upon the postwar Re-
publican regime in the early
1920s which, itself, had fol-
lowed the Woodrow Wilson So
cial and economic reform
period, just as greedy interests
are beginning to move in, here
now upon this administration
which likewise follows a social
and economic reform period.
They have tasted blood in
the offshore oil bill success.
But there is really no reason
why history should repeat it
self in a repetition of the
1920s. Political leaders as well
as the people should be aware
of the symptoms.
Evening star., 1953-05-04

it is. it spreads like a con-
tagious disease and becomes
irrational. It becomes a sort
of mass hysteria as has been
the case in time of war in all
nations involved in conflict.
regardless of whether they are
Western or Eastern, white or
yellow.
The problem before the
leading men in Japan, be they
in politics or in business and
industry, is what to do when
the flow Of earned dollars
ceases.
Japan is a poor country with
nearly 80 million inhabitants
concentrated in three rela-
lively small islands. It suffers
from a severe lack of raw
materials which are needed by
its industries to produce
manufactured products more
cheaply than any other
country in the world.
Japan cannot live indefi-
nitely on American handouts.
Purchasing cotton, iron and
coal in the United States
means a heavy expenditure
which would render the pro-
duction costs of the japanese
industrial establishments so
high that they could not COM
pete with German, British
and Western European pro-
ducts. Only recently the Jap
anese Government purchased
from Sakhalin. formerly a
japanese island handed over
to the USSR by the Yalta
Agreement, about billion tons
of coal at a price varying
from SO to $11 q ton compared
to the nearly $50 Japan paid
for American coal.
The prospects, of a peace in
Korea in which the Commu-
nists may come out on top, with
some diplomatic face-saving
devices included to permit the
American Government to ac-
cept it, are worrying not only
the japanese leaders but also
many responsible Americans
who fear that Japan may thus
Evening star., 1953-05-04
School Safety Patrol
To Hold Parade and
Assembly This Week

Some $4,000 members Of
School Safety Patrol from across
the Nation will be in Washington
Friday and Saturday.
They will be here to take part
in the 17th Annual National
School Safety Patrol Assembly
and Parade. Accompanying them
will be some go school bands plus
drill teams and floats.
The assembly will be held at
1880 pm. Friday at the National
Guard Armory. The parade will
begin at 8 am. Saturday on Con-
stitution avenue.
Vice President Nixon will pre-
sent lifesaving awards to six
Safety Patrol members at the
assembly. They are:
James Robert Hunt, 13, of
Stanley, Wis, who pulled five
youngsters from the path Of a
freight train.
Jean Thompson, II, of Newman
Ga, who rescued three boys from
the path of a passenger train.
David Conrad, IL, of Plymouth
Mich; Kenneth Altherr, IL, OF
Ypsilanti, Mich; Paul Weiss. II
of the Bronx. N. Y. and Ray
Barday. 13, of Atlanta, Ga, all
of whom saved children from in
jury by automobiles.
The School Safety Program is
sponsored by the American Au-
tomobile Association.
Evening star., 1953-05-04

speakers on platforms and on
the air, who, day In and day
out, are exercising free speech
to damn the investigating
committees, with remarkable
indifference to the dire fate
they are, by their own claims,
invoking.
Miss West inquiries whether
cliques and conspiracies Of
revolutionary groups did pene-
trate the United States Gov
ernment, and concludes that
they certainly did, and that II
is the obvious function of con-
gressional committees to ascer-
tain who they were. and how
they managed to create, as 1t
were, their own spoils system
within the civil service.
It is certainly the function
Of congressional committees to
investigate the operation Of
the Government apparatus.
This cannot be done by law
enforcement agencies pursuing
indictments. Congress makes
the laws, including those gov
erning the hiring and firing
of employees. The purpose of
its Investigations is to obtain
information to assist it in
framing laws, including those
to protect American security.
If the congressional commit
tees lose sight of this purpose.
II the purpose degenerates into
trying to "get" certain person.
alitieS-and to build up patri-
oteering regulations for them
selves-then they are abusing
their function and should
properly be reprimanded.
Nevertheless, we ask: What,
exactly, is "McCarthyism"?
The congressional investi-
eating committees long ante
date the appearance of Sena-
tor Mccarthy on the national
scene, and the Investigations
criticized and condemned were
not initiated by him. But Nc
Carthyism has become a term
of indictment against congress
sional investigating commit
tees as such.
Many liberals, who have never
read one word of the steno-
graphic reports of the hear
ings, are demanding the total
abolition of the committees.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Dorothy Thompson:

Miss Rebecca West, Britain's
distinguished writer, has rem
dered a service to this country
by writing four articles in the
London Sunday Times about
the American congressional in
vestigations.
Everybody (abroad knows"
she begins that America
is in the grip of anti-Com-
munist hysteria, that people ...
are being dragged before in
quisitorial courts :, and that
free speech and thought have
been banished from Amer
ica."
Miss West painstakingly has
gone through masses of re-
ports, concludes that the inves-
legations are justified, proper,
and in general conducted with
decorum, and that what "every-
body knows" is highly distorted.
She especially reprimands her
compatriots for criticizing in
America procedures which have
their counterpart in England
where no one calle them witch
hunts" These are British
Tribunals of the Enquiry-she
refers to the Lynskey tribunal
which, like the Un-American
Activities Committee, came
into being, Ito deal with
plots Matched within the closed
systems Of the modern state. ,.
1.-THE Un-American Activities
Committee investigates
conspiracies and groups
who cooperate with them ).
and like our (British) tribunal
it is obliged to follow rowing
lines of inquiry and listens to
hearsay evidence though it
does not accept it without
corroboration."
The British tribunal, in short,
subpoenas witnesses and does
not operate under the laws of
evidence necessary in courts Of
law.
Furthermore. if Europeans
believe that 'free speech and
thought have been banished
from America" they hear it.
of course, from Americans.
They read it in innumerable
American newspapers and
publications, and hear it from
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Thomas L. Stokes:

Unfortunate as it Is that the
first major legislation Of the
Eisenhower Administration Is
the bill" giving offshore oil
lands to the States, neverthe-
less it is fortunate in a way
that this issue so deeply af-
fecting our whole natural re-
source policy was raised and
explored this early in the new
regime.
For it did give a bold and
determined group in the Sem
ate, which fought in vain for
Federal control, an opportunity
to expose how certain powerful
interests have planned to
capitalize this administration
for their own special benefit,
If possible.
Oil was behind this raid on
the marginal sea part Of our
national domain. Now other
special intereStS-lumber min
eral, private utilitieS-are
ready to pressure Congress to
hand over other public land
and water resources to the
States where they anticipate
they can exploit such re-
sources more easily. They use
the offshore oil example as a
precedent.
This threat is embodied in
bills now pending.
There is every indication
that, so far as the public Is
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

Governors the States converge Washington for
White military breng This is Ies bipartisan
defense pocyhe hopes all politics will stop the minute the
next presidential campaign starts.
The Government raises interest rates home mort
This the policy of sound moneyt whistles
slips through your fingers
Federal Judge Youngdah throws four perjury
against Owen Lattor archfoe Of Joe Mccarthy Both
approach this baltimore with mind-welcom
ing all evidence that supports their prejudices.
President Ike he'll throw out the first ball IN the
Republican Democratic Congressman finally
convinced he make popular hit by throwing out the first
ball-especaly if he hits the right Congressman
White House proposes commission to study foreign
policy Adlai Stevenson wonders what hap
pened to his egghead votetheyre all Washington COM
missions trying to figure out what Ike should do next.
Government reports insalmen buying hit peak
taught this country lesson Work hard
your money-and live somebody else's
Ike, shooter plays golf with Gov. Dan Thornton Of
Colorado who shoots You can't blame the President for
balancing the Federal budgbut you'd think he'd at least
a partner who'd help him balance his
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Dons Feeson:
Parties Grid for 1854 Campaign
Democrats Hope to Win Control on Local Issues
6. O. P. Strives for Unity With Taft at Helm

politician, he might be charged
with having already decided
that he wants only one term
and so Is deliberately putting
party survival first.
There are some, including
prominent Republicans. who
do not like the present trend.
They argue that only strong
leadership by the President
who ran so far ahead Of the
party can perpetuate that
party in power. The last two
Democratic Presidents in
dicated by their actions that
they took a similar point OF
view.
Democrats so far have not
been successful in finding an
issue with which they can
force the President into op-
position with a sizable faction
of his party. They have some
hopes that the Eisenhower pro-
posal for extension of the re-
ciprocal trade agreements will
provide it.
The President is committed
to trade, not aid" Any real
defeat in this area will be re
f1ected adversely in his defense
and foreign policy. It is ap-
parently up to the protection
lists in his own party to exer-
else restraint; they have not so
far shown any. In this field.
the President must have
Democratic support which he
cannot get if he backs down.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Little Progress Noted
Against Prejudice in 1852
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK. May 4.-Two
major civic organizations say
Federal and State Governments
did little worthy of note" dur
ing 1852 to reduce religious and
racial inequality.
The American Jewish Con-
gress and the National Associa-
ton for the Advancement Of
Colored People add that mob
violence against minority groups
continued to increase during the
past year.
Civil rights developments were
assessed by the two organiza-
tions in a 151-page report, re-
leased yesterday, on their fifth
annual survey Of group rela-
tions.
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Doris FIeeson:

Democratic National Chair
man Stephen Mitchell is in the
South, patching up party
wounds according to a delib-
erately constructed plan to
pitch the of-year elections
on issues locally important.
Among Democrats it will be
considered the height of rude
ness to mention the party
schism on national policy any
where until after election day
next year.
Democrats in the House and
Senate, again according to this
thoughtful plan. are co-operat-
ing to make an opposition rec
ord with a prescient eye on in
dividual contests in the various
States.
The more obvious aspects OF
this occur on the House and
Senate floors where minority
spokesmen are alerted, If need
be, to cover all the angles OF
a problem. Perhaps more en-
tertainingly, committee hear
ings are utilized to stress the
big business backgrounds and
points Of view of the principal
Eisenhower appointees. The
political naivete of many OF
this group often makes them
useful, if unconscious. collab-
orators Of the minority in this
respect.
Republican leaders who have
a healthy respect for the po-
litical savvy Of the party it
took them 20 years to ouSt
Evening star., 1953-05-04

become a member of the Red
organization.
Japan, our erstwhile enemy.
whose aggressiveness between
World War I and II constituted
a direct threat to our security.
is now regarded as essential to
Americas defense. Yet it seems
certain that in the event that
an illuSory and temporary set
tlement in the Far East is
achieved. the present political
system in Japan will be fun
damentally changed. and the
empire will be placed in the
Columnists' column. Not only
does Japan need the available
raw materials from Manchuria,
Indonesia and other portions
of Southeast Asia which are
now threatened by the Reds.
but the main outlets for the
japanese production are the
hundreds of millions of peoples
in the very same areas,
The Kremlin. which asserts
its influence in the Far East
through the Peiping govern
ment, need not attempt any
military operations against the
island empire. It can much
easier force it into submission
by economic means. The Com
munist domination of East
Asia can give the japanese no
alternative than to join the
Reds in order to survive. And
even the conservative Japanese
leaders friendly to us know
that the United States will not
be able to keep a whole nation
with population of nearly 80
million people on the dole for
an indefinite period.
A peace in Korea which
leaves the Peiping government
with an increased prestige
among the Asiatics, say the
japanese in close contact with
the Americans, will spell the
end of the present semi-demo-
cratic system which Japan has
purchased at such a terrific
price and will make it into an
other satellite of the Kremlin
without the Russians firing a
single shot.
Evening star., 1953-05-04

from the White House OF
course perceive what is being
done to them.
They too are trying to close
ranks, which helps to account
for Senator Taft's co-opera-
tive spirit. He is aware that
he is still a long way from hav-
ing a solid majority to lead,
and that 1854 could rob him
of even his slender margin OF
control.
It has been a rather unex-
pected dividend to Republican
politicians that their new
President seems so disinter-
ested in purely political lead
ership. President Eisenhower
has practically turned over
party matters to the Taft wing.
and the Senator's counsel
against any party quarrels
even at the cost Of policy
sacrifices now prevails.
It must be said for the Sena-
tor from Ohio that he Is set
ting an example by his own
actions. It could be that his
is the wise counsel for an Off
year election.
But it is still an interesting
question whether the President
is contributing to his own poll
tical survival by his refusal to
take a stronger line on policy
at the possible cost of aliena-
ting the extreme Republican
right wing. If Gen. Eisenhower
were more of an instructive
Evening star., 1953-05-04
David Lawrence:

Wide differences of opinion
are emerging inside all three
of the armed services concern
ing the merits of the plan
submitted to Congress last
week py the President under
which the Department of De-
fense is to be "reorganized."
Admiral Chester w. NimitZ,
formerly Chief Of Naval
Operations, for instance, who
was one of the conSultants in
drawing up the plan. has told
this correspondent that he
thinks it is a big improve
ment on the existing system.
He has no fears of a man on
horseback" or a single mill
tary boss because of the in
creased powers that would be
given the Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs Of Staff"
Thomas K. Finletter, for
merly Secretary OF the Air
Force. however, fears the trend
indicated is toward a single
service with one uniform and
an obliteration Of service
identities and spirit. Rather
than have this happen he pre-
fers to see two departments
one embracing the Army and
the other combining the Navy
and the Air Force. He gives his
ideas in Golfers"
Inside the Government there
is a substantial amount of
feeling among military and
naval and air officers of top
rank that the new plan spells
trouble and that, instead OF
strengthening the military
power on the command and
planning side, it could actually
mean a weakening of it.
This writer has discussed
the plan with members of the
commission which recon-
mended it and with some Of
the consultants who were
called in and with high Of
ficers of the Pentagon, all Of
whom insist that it was never
contemplated that a Ger
man general staff" concept
should ever be given recogni-
ton. But the difference
nevertheless between those who
fear the concept is being
given new momentum and
those who scott at such fears
is simply the extent that ones
worded phrases of a proposed
statute do mean or can be
made to mean by those who
hold Office.
Nobody, for example, ever
dreamed that when Congress
passed a law in 1949 creating
the Chairman Of the Joint
Chiefs without even the right
to vote in the Joint Chiefs
sessions that he would be any
thing else but q sort Of sec
retary general who did the
Evening star., 1953-05-04

ming. But the effort to relieve
the Joint Chiefs of Staff Of
some of their duties on the
ground that they are "over-
worked" really looks more like
a plan to relegate them into
the background so that a
Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs" may take over the
main job of furnishing mill
tary advice to the President
and the Secretary of Defense.
There may be a serious con-
stitutional question involved.
The President is named in the
constitution as the Com
mander-In-C Chief of the Army
and the Navy of the United
States" While the constitu-
ton does not mention the De-
partment of State or the In
terror Department or any Of
the departments since created
by Congress as executive agen-
/cies, it does specifically men
ton the Army and the Navy
as constitutional departments.
Just how much power over
these constitutional depart
ments can Congress delegate
in blanket fashion? For the
Constitution says: Congress
shall have power to make rules
for the Government and regu-
lation of the land and naval
forces"
With the specific duty rest
ing on Congress to write laws
governing the defense estab-
lishments, can Congress con-
stitutionally acquieSce in a
plan that permits the Presi-
dent to delegate almost COM
plete authority to a Secretary
of Defense who in turn is now
to be given authority under
the new plan to delegate what
ever he pleases by way of au-
thority to a Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs?
That's the question Congress
will have to settle in the next
so days because, unless either
House rejects the plan and
calls for a revamping Of the
whole thing so as to safeguard
it against military absolutism,
the reorganization" will take
effect and the die will have
been cast toward the single
military-chief concept. This
was the one Goering and Hit
Ter had, and it lost the war
for them. This Is the plan,
moreover. that has been re-
pudiated by most military men
in America themselves. Ger
tainly there should be no OBJ
lection, therefore, to the in
sertion of legislative safe
guards to prevent in the fu-
ture abuse by any one of the
powers now so vaguely de-
scribed as a simple "reorgani-
zation."
Evening star., 1953-05-04
Chief Murray to Speak
To Oldest Inhubitunts

Police Chief Robert v. Murray
will address the Association of
Oldest Inhabitants at 8 pm.
Wednesday in the Old Fire
House, Nineteenth and H streets
NV.
Chief Murray will speak on
"Police at Work." at a meeting
that also will include stories,
songs by Maria de la Hull and
a history of the Oldest Inhabit-
ants by Walter L. Lyddane, sr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1953-05-30
Formal or Informal, Entertaining Can Be Fun

dren's diminutive flat sterling,
to q sophisticated after-theater
supper in which he combined an
ultra modern pattern Of silver
with red and pink Victorian
appointments.
Felt, duveteen, cheesecloth,
and tarlatan were some OF the
inexpensive fabrics used. These
were trimmed with balls and
fringe to give a party atmos-
phere. Young couples can al
ways combine inexpensive ma
terials with their prize wedding
gifts Of fine silver and china.
No exhibition Of attractively
set tables would not be complete,
especially in the spring and sum-
mer, without one for the bride
who expects to have a home
wedding or reception. "A table
was set buffet fashion against
the wall between two pedestals
on which were placed two ex-
quisite urnS filled with large
green leaves.
A white linen. damask cloth
covered the table. A tall all
white floral arrangement was
flanked by q pair Of silver candle
labra. The table was then set
with the needed china. silver and
glassware. The wedding cake
was placed on q cart which was,
wheeled into the room and
placed next to the table when
the guests arrived.
There was the dignity and
charm required by the occasion,
plus the ease which results when
there are good tools coupled
with thoughtful planning.
Ideas for stretching the home
furnishing budgets are given in
Gladys Miller's booklet No. 400.
Budget StretcherS." To obtain
a copy, send 10 cents in coin to
her, P. o. Box 90, Times Square
Station, New York 80, N. Y.
(Released by Consolidated News Features.