davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-03

nations would agree to buy-if asked
at $1.55.
This plan is subject to ratification
by each countrys government. In
the United States, the Senate still
must approve the deal, but is ex-
pected to do so shortly.
The only belligerently balky ma
ton is Great Britain. The London
government has told Parliament
that it will have nothing to do with
the agreement. The British say they
couldn't agree to buy wheat at more
than So per bushel.
This is 3 blow to the agreement,
financially and politically. Great
Britain is the worlds greatest wheat
importer. Under the pact, she
would have bought 1T million
bushels per year.
She knew she would be entitled to
get this wheat at $2,O5-approxi-
mately Is cents under the present
world price. But Great Britain. ap-
parently encouraged by Stains
death and the Soviet peace often
Slve, thinks the price will 60 much
lower. If London is right, she could
save millions of dollars. But if the
world price stays where it is for the
next three years, Great Britain will
have to pay $50 million more for
open market wheat than for grain
she could have gotten under the
wheat agreement.
Great Britain has a bit of a
political hedge against such a dis
aSter. The British have resumed
flirting with Russia over possible
barter deal. The British would
trade manufactured goods for Soviet
wheat.
This possibility does not cheer up
American representatives any more
than the absence of the, biggest
customer from the wheat agree
ment. The United States anxiously
ponderS: How can q cartel operate
if a major market force pursueS
an independent course?
U. S. Chief Promoter
The United States, as the free
worlds biggest wheat producer, Is
the chief promoter of the wheat
agreement. Every grain of Ameri-
can wheat that is exported tends
to strengthen prices for farmers in
the United States. But the wheat
agreement can bring only loss to
the Federal Government.
For the next two crop years,
Washington is pledged to support
the price of American-grown wheat
at about $3.50 per bushel. That
means the Government will buy
all the wheat American farmers
offer to sell at 1920.
But the Government also is
pledged to sell wheat agreement
nations more than 200 million BUSH
els per year at not more than $2.05
per bushel.
This means the United States
will buy dear, sell cheap-and lose
at least Is cents per bushel, or
$50 million during the next two
years. Any rise in wheat prices
from present world levels would
multiply the Governments losses.
There's just no way for the United
States Government to win against
the odds that Washington accepted.
Evening star., 1953-05-03
Johns Hopkins
Don't Confuse Shutdown of Page School
With Panic on Part Of the University
By WiIIiom Pyne

BALTIMORE. - Recent develop
ments at the Johns Hopkins Uni
versity which might be taken as
indications that the famous school
is in an intellectual stampede are
being sadly misinterpreted.
Three years ago, Owen baltimore.
head of the Hopkins Walter Hines
Page School of international Rela-
tions, got himself involved in a
running battle with Senator Joe
Mccarthy of Wisconsin. Late last
year, Mr.. baltimore was indicted
for perjury in connection with a
sworn statement he had made about
promoting communism. Finally,
last month, the Page school was dis
banded-and two other schools, one
of geography and one of creative
writing, were either closed or re-
duced in Importance.
It would be easy enough to deduce
from these facts that Mccarthy
"got" baltimore and then scared
the Hopkins so thoroughly that
the Sedate institution ran for
cover. 1t would also be wrong to
make such deductions.
An Old Plan
AS every one in Baltimore knows,
the Hopkins does not scare easily.
And as both the liberals and the
conservatives on the Hopkins faculty
agree. the plan to close the Page
school dates back to before Nc
Carthy and baltimore ever got
together In fact, the opening and
closing of schools at the Hopkins
is continuing thing that has been
going on throughout the 75-year
history of the university.
It seems to be we'll established
fact that the Page school was
marked for extinction three years
ago. Just about the time President
Detlev Bronx was ready to announce
it's closing, the observation-disclosures
feud developed. The university held
up on the announcement so no one
would think there was any connec-
ton between the fight and the
closing.
When Mr. baltimore was indicted,
he took leave from the Page school.
and his title of director" was
changed to that of lecturer"
Then. last month, the decision to
close the Page school was an
nounced. At the same time, the
university said the Isaiah Bowman
School of Geography would be re-
duced to the level of a depart
ment. And less than a week ago
the School of Drama, Writing and
Public Speaking was marked for
closing.
Bronk's Reasons
The reasons behind steps like
these were defined by DR.. Bronx
two years ago during a discussion
of the objectives set for the Hopkins
by its founders rs years ago. He
said:
Universities will not provide in
tellectual guidance for these trou-
bled days If they are timid, thought
less slaves to superficial academic
customs. They will not satisfy the
needs of a civilization in crisis if
Evening star., 1953-05-03

The jets naturally would have to
be entirely redesigned for this air.
craft, but Avro is Canadas leading
jet engine manufacturer. It designed
and developed the all-Canadian
brenda jet engine, now used in the
RCAF's F86E and CF100 jet fight
ers. Avro is now working on doubling
the Orenda's 6,500-lb. thrust.
Boosters for Launching
The saucer will be launched,
probably with the help of booster
rockets. from a sharply inclined
launching platform. Such procedure
will give it altitude quickly-a top
priority requirement for fighter air
craft which are intended for inter-
cepting high-flying and speedy jet
bombers. Presumably it would land
in the conventional way.
It's near-vertical takeoff and rapid
climb, its 1,500-mile Speed-double
that. of present f1ghters-and its
extreme maneuverability are its
chief advantages. It is expected to
be able to turn completely about
without altering its altitude.
Basically. the disc-shaped aircraft
is the next step beyond the present
experimental delta-winged planes,
and the rotary power plant an even
further step.
All Else Is Obsolete
An official Of the British Air Min
iStry was quoted as saying that this
craft is so revolutionary that if it
flies, everything now in the air be-
comes obsolete"
The ''if it flies" qualification also
was stressed by DR.. Solandt, who Is
the top administrator Of Canada's
science-for-defense team.
With a scientists caution. he said
his organization is very keen on
finding out if there's anything i'm
portant in the idea. don't want
to reveal details, but there are some
new ideas which may be important"
Evening star., 1953-05-03

NATION, Ontario-The first "fy-
ing saucer" which any aircraft COM
pany has admitted designing is on
the drawing boards at the big A. V.
Roe (Canada). Ltd, plant here.
It's a disc-shaped, 1,500-mile-
hour airplane so radically different
from anything flying today that
Field Marshal Lord Montgomery,
NATO deputy supreme commander.
cried "Fantastic!" when he was
shown a top secret model Of it two
weeks ago.
StortIing, Not Fontostic
But DR.. o. M. Solandt. chairman
of the Canadian Defense Research
Board, says that. while the design
may be startling, it Is mot fan
tastic."
DR.. Solandt, who ranks as one
of the Canadian chiefs of staff, said
that so far the aeronautical engi-
neers at Avro had carried on very
preliminary Investigations" in the
field of saucer design. Much work
remains to be done on the drafting
boards and in wind tunnels before
q prototype can be built.
Avro has been so reticent about its
latest brain child that not even
the projects code number is known.
Officially, all the company will ad-
NIT Is that 1t is working on the idea
for an aircraft of radical design.
However, enough information
has leaked out to enable aviation
experts to piece together the main
facts Of the new design, with some
enlightened gueSswork based on
their knowledge Of aerodynamic
problems.
WineIess. ToiIless
The plane has no wings or tail as
previous aircraft design defines
those terms. It's entire body is its.
wing. The craft is Of near-saucer
shape about 20 feet In diameter.
The trailing edge Of this all-one-
Evening star., 1953-05-03
By Miriam Gutenberg

A boy jimmieS the door Of a vacant
apartment, slips in and rifles the
bureau drawers. Another lounges
near counter in crowded depart
ment store, darts look around to
make sure he is unobServed, and
pockets some bracelets. A husky
youth yankS a pocketbook of the
arm Of an unwary woman.
These are the boys who make up
statistics like these:
. Delinquent acts known to the
Districts Juvenile Court increased
by sos per cent in 1852 over 1851.
. Youths II or under known to
Juvenile Court for delinquency in
creased by 1856 per cent.
. Children committed to the Board
of Public Welfare as delinquent
numbered 478 in 1952-one- third
more than the 354 in 1851, almost
double the 240 delinquents COM
mitted in 1850.
Some of the juvenile offenders
are in trouble for the first time and
police let them of with a warning.
Some go to Juvenile Court and are
put on probation. The rest go to
institutions where they are supposed
return to society as decent, law
abiding citizens.
So Little Time
But how much rehabilitation can
you do in three months?
That is the average length Of time
boys are staying these days in the
Industrial Home School for Colored
Children at Blue Plains. The boys
part of the institution is so over
crowded that every time Juvenile
Court commits another colored boy
to the Board of Public Welfare, and
the board has to send him to Blue
Plains, one already in the institution
must be released-ready or not.
This situation was highlighted in
q citizens committee report made
public last week after a three-year
study. Said the committee:
"Since the boys part of the school
Is operating at capacity, premature
discharge is likely to become neces-
sary whenever commitments by the
Juvenile Court exceed the planned
departures. Experience indicates
that whenever a child is discharged
too soon. the community creates po-
tential trouble for itself"
In simple terms, the committee
meant the boy was likely to get in
trouble again - frequently worse
trouble than the first-time round.
And what happens to him then? FIRE.
quently he goes back to the Indus
trial Home School for another use
less three month vacation from his
career of crime.
7S Second Offenders
In the first nine months of this
fiscal year, according to the welfare
board, 78 of the 232 boys admitted
had been to the Industrial Home
School before. This does not take
into consideration the boys who got
into worse trouble and wound up at
the National Training School for
Boys.
According to Welfare Director
Gerard M. Shea, nine months is
needed for the average boy to get
any real benefit from the school. A
longer stay Is in order for boys who
Evening star., 1953-05-03
First Thnq You Know There1 Really Be Flying Saucer

area of the wing remains stationary,
but the jet power plant. forming an
inner concentric circle. rotates at
several hundred revolutions per
minute.
The pilot will be in a cockpit
which sits like an island in the
middle of the circle Of rotating jets.
The idea behind the rotating power
plant is that it will act as a gyro-
scope, and give the aircraft stability.
Evening star., 1953-05-03
By Gerald Worinq

the thrust of the jet exhaust through
a whole series of exhaust orif1ces
along the port and starboard rims OF
the disc. Only enough Of the exhaust
is vented straight astern over de-
flector vanes in the cutoff tail to
enable the pilot to control the
planes movement.
One of the most unusual design
features is the fact that the outer
Evening star., 1953-05-03

wing plane is straight, as though
gigantic knife had sliced of the
hindmoSt three feet.
The leading edge of the wing has
a series Of slot intakes to feed air
to the jet power plant. Present.
day jet planes have single exhaust
vent for each engine, and are pro-
PEELED by reaction to exhaust gases.
according to Newton's Third Law OF
Motion. The saucer is propelled by
Evening star., 1953-10-11
6. o. P. Gets Adviser

Rod Kreger of Watertowns
S. OAK, has been appointed an
adviser to the Republican Ma
tional Committee. The commit
tee said yesterday Mr.. Kreger
already has reported for duty as
adviser on agriculture.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Egyptian Ex-OfficiaI Gets
Life on treason Charge
W the Assoeioted Press

CAIRO, Egypt, Oct. 10.-The
revolutionary court today SEN
fenced Ahmed Nassif, a former
Justice Ministry official, to life
Imprisonment on charges of
''high treason" and "conSpiring
with a foreign power to under
mine the Egyptian state"
The court also sentenced tive
other prisoners to shorter terms.
Former Police Col. Zaki zahran
received Is years imprisonment
for spreading false rumors to
serve the interests of foreign
powers, and Mustafa Shahin 10
years for high treason.
These were the latest in a
series of sentences by. the three
man military court in connection
with an alleged plot to over
throw President Mohamed Ma
guib's regime. More than a score
of persons including some top
leaders in previous cabinets,
were arrested in the case. Ibra-
him Abdel Hadi. SaadiSt ex-
premier, was sentenced to hang.
but the revolutionary council
commuted the sentence to life
imprisonment.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Italy Shows Pleasure
Over Trieste Decision

ROME, Oct. 10 (P.-Italy Of
f1cially expressed pleasure to the
United States and Britain to-
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Trail Is Lost as 200
Seek Missing Duke
By the A..eeiatad Pres.

TAVISTOCK, En- gland, Oct. 10
Commands, police and volun-
teers secured the moors of Devon
today for the multi-millionaire
hird-loving Duke of Bedford, who
disappeared mysteriously yester-
day with a shotgun over his
shoulder.
The vast search, now in its
second day, turned up a few faint
footprints, but the trail was lost
in the rough woods and under
growth. Commands from a
nearby Royal Marine school used
Walkie-talkie sets and mine de-
tectorS. In all, 200 men joined
the hunt.
Under the glare of searchlightS,
workers tonight drained large
pond on the Dukes 12,00-acre
estate near Tavistock.
The 64-year-old nobleman, re-
putedly worth about G5 million
($14 million), vanished from his
estate before breakfast yester-
day. Servants said he went of
into the woods with a sporting
gun and three shells, apparently
to hunt a killer hawk that had
been swooping on an aviary con-
;aining 100 priced budgereegahs-
small. parrot-like birds.
When he didn't return for
breakfast at the usual hour of
1880 am. yesterday, his house
hold staff launched the search.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Tension Rises in Trieste
After sYugosloy Threats

TRIESTE, Oct. 10 PI.-Ten-
sion began to rise in Trieste to-
night on a wave of Yugoslav
threats to use armed force if
Italian troops enter the troubled
free territory.
The excitement was tinged
with fear.
Thousands of Italian flags sud-
denly appeared throughout the
city. At the same time wealthy
residents began to talk of send
ing their families away ION
vacation"
Their worries were underlined
by anti-Italian demonstrations
in the Yugoslav Zone B, by re-
ports of Yugoslav troop move
ments. and by the fight of scores
of Italians from Zone B into
Trieste.
The IStrian Liberation Com
mittee reported that at least SIS
Italians have been driven out of
Zone B. The one time anti
Fascist organization, which since
the war has served as refugee
welfare group, said homes of
several of the fleeing Italians
had been destroyed by, Yugoslav
squads.
The same organization de-
clared that an Italian high school
in Capodistria. only five miles
from the Anglo Zone
A, was destroyed by Yugoslavs.
In the meantime, the British
and American forces here were
packing up, preparing to leave.
Classified columns in Trieste
newspapers were filled with ad-
vertisements Offering house hold
goods for sale, cheap.
According to usually reliable
sources. the families will start
leaving Immediately. with the
troops following later-possibly
within the first two weeks Of
November.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Kefauver Demands
Hearings on Defense
AGAINST A-Aftack

Senator Kefauver, Democrat
of Tennessee, called on the
Senate Armed Services Commit
tee yesterday for prompt hear
ings on the state of American
defenses against atomic attack
Before the Kefauver request
was made public Senator Sal
tonstall. Republican. of Mass
achusetts, chairman of the COM
mittee. revealed that his Pre-
paredness Subcommittee has ap-
pointed Robert c. Sprague. Of
North Adams, Mass, to survey
the problems of continental de-
fense for the subcommittee. Mr..
Sprague is chairman of the
board of the Sprague Electric
Co.
Senator Saltonstall's state
ment in lea ted that Mr.
Sprague's job will be to reduce
to lay terms the highly technical
questions involved in defense Of
the continent. However, he
made no mention of hearings
In a letter to Chairman Sal
tonstall, Senator Kefauver said
hi srequest for hearings was
prompted by recent official con-
firmation that the Soviet Union
"is, at least, capable of producing
the hydrogen bomb" He referred
also to recent contradictory
statements by several admins
tration officials as to Russia S
current ability to deliver atomic
weapons over American cities. He
said this has contributed to pub
lie concern.
Warns Of "Pyramiding."
The Kefauver letter was an
apparent sequel to the Thursday
press conference at which Pres
ident Eisenhower said Russia has
the capability of atomic attack
now. AS to the hydrogen bomb,
the President said the Soviet ex-
plosion of August IL was made
either by a weapon or the fore
runner of a weapon.
Along with the request for
Senate hearings, there were these
related developments yesterday:
/. Senator Hickenlooper of
Iowa, top Republican on the
House Senate Atomic Energy
Committee, cautioned against
"pyramiding" atomic expendi-
lures to meet the threat of
Russian H-bomb progress. He
said the American atomic pro-
gram is going along vigorously,
and I am not prepared to say
we should pyramid 'it."
2. Senator Sparkman. Demo-
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Prestige Is Importont Stake
In Old Dispute for Trieste

and French boosted Italian
hopes. Yugoslavia was then still
firmly in Moscow's camp. In
an effort to help ward of q
possible Communist victory in
the Italian election that year.
the three Western powers agreed
to support Italy's claims.
The dispute exploded into an
all-out word war last August.
shortly after Italy got a new
Premier. Giuseppe Pella.
He set off the explosion by in
terpreting a YugoSlav press dis
patch as meaning that Tito
planned to incorporate Zone B
into Yugoslavia. Tito fatty de-
MED such intentions and ac-
cused Italy Of having similar
thoughts about Zone A. There
were menacing troop movements.
After a Western diplomatic
furry. both countries offered
their own solutions.
Pella Suggests Poll
Pella proposed a plebiscite in
both zones to determine the
wishes of the people, with all
troops to clear out before the
voting.
Tito demanded that the port
itself be internationalized and
the rest of the territory be
turned over to Yugoslavia. Since
he would not pull Yugoslav
troops out of Zone B, the plebi-
scite had no chance of success.
In any event, both countries
rejected the others proposals.
Thursday, Britain and the
United States announced they
would withdraw their 1000
troops from Zone A, leaving it
under Italian control. They
hoped the decision would even
tually bring an end to the
Italian -Yugoslav feud by putting
both sides on equal terms.
Reactions, however, indicate
the Anglo-American hopes may
have been far-fetched. The
Yugoslavs, furious, announced
they will do all they can to
prevent Italian troops from
moving into Zone A.
The Italians, although gen.
orally pleased, do not consider
the allied decision a full solu-
ton. Pella told Parliament last
night he still intends to press
Italian claims for Zone B.
Evening star., 1953-10-11

night for their Trieste decision.
Thousands of Romans lined the
streets to cheer torch-light dem
onstrators celebrating the i'm
minent return of that strategic
seaport.
Prime Minister Giuseppe Pella
spent As minutes with United
States Ambassador Clare Boothe
Luce and British Ambassador
Sir Victor Mallet in an atmos-
phere as cordial as the Italian
national mood.
Details of what he said were
a diplomatic secret, but informed
sources indicated he echoed ear
lier public statements expressing
pleasure and gratitude.
Italy is known to have made
clear, however, that it still hopes
ultimately that all of the free
territory will be Italian.
Mrs. Luce hurried back to the
Embassy after the meeting to
report to Washington.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
By lie Assoeiotsd Press

~ tns AasocsotSu rtesa
ROME. oct. lO.-Italy and
Yugoslayia are in a new crisis
Of their old dispute over the
free territory Of Trieste.
Why have they become so ex-
ercised over the territory only
slightly larger than the city Of
New York?
There are three principal rea-
sons:
l. 1t is a valuable piece Of real
estate.
2. Both Italians and Slavs.
mostly Slovenes. live in the terri
tory. Ethnic Islands Of both are
scattered on both sides Of the
present dividing line.
8. It is a major question Of
prestige.
Each country has a number of
other reasons, some valid, some
not. Italy, on the one hand,
claims the territory is right
fully q part Of the italian ma
tion. Yugoslavia contends it
should have the area as payment
for losses suffered at Italian
hands IN World War II.
35O,OOO Live In Area.
The territory, on the Gulf Of
Trieste at the head of the Adri-
attic, comprises a total of 800
square miles and has q popula-
ton of about $4,000. It con-
tains the big port city of Tri-
este, which for centuries served
the land-locked states of central
Europe.
Through it's varied, 1,O00-year
history the port with its sur
rounding area was twice before
a free territory, and at other
times was under Austrian or
Italian rule.
Trieste was part of Austria
from the 14th to the 18th CEN
turies, then was made a free
territory for nearly 100 years
For brief periods it was twice
part of the Bonaparte Kingdom
of Italy, but in 1913 was re-
turned to Austria.
Treaties Shift Control.
Italy took over the whole Is
trian peninsula, including the
Trieste territory, after Austria's
defeat in World War I. Yugo-
slavia was established as an in
dependent nation at the same
time
BY the end of World War II.
Yugoslav soldiers had occupied
much of the Istrian Peninsula
and wanted the port of Trieste
as well
In 1947, however, under terms
of the Italian peace treaty, the
Big Four Foreign Ministers
Council set up the area as free
territory. For administration. it
was divided inte> two zones. Zone
A, comprising about one-third OF
the total area, a large part of
the population and the port, was
placed under BritiSh-American
control. Zone B, south of the
port along the Adriatic, was
placed under Yugoslav jurisdic-
ton.
The population of Zone A to-
day is predominantly Italian, but
YugoSlatia's President Tito con-
tends Mnssolini elected many
Slavs between the two wars.
Propaganda Drives Launched.
The ink had hardly dried on
the Italian peace treaty before
both Italy and Yugoslavia
launched powerful propaganda
campaigns TO have the territory
incorporated in their own ma
tions.
In 1948 the British, Americans