davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1953-08-01

l. f1AV Il DfLl LIN cars dllu IuChS
for 40 years without a mishap. I
have always fully realized that just
one little mistake could end it all.
This, think, is why have had such
good luck year after year.
l. Some years ago my lifelong
friend, Glenn Frank, for good many
years president of the University of
Wisconsin, and his only son, Glenn
Jr., were instantly killed as Glenn
Sr. made a turn on country road
on which there was loose gravel.
Just the one little mistake of driving
too fast while making a turn and
two lives were snuffed out.
2. Near my home there is drive
in theater. This summer, four teen
ayers drove out of the theater
grounds on the highway, instantly
crashing with an on-coming and
speeding car. Gasoline tanks ex-
ploded. Two girls were burned to
death, one lad was thrown from the
car to pavement and killed, the
fourth lad and driver of the car was
badly burned. Says he just didn't
see the on-coming car. Just one little
mistake of not looking carefully up
and down the highway before en-
tering it-three young lives ended in
great suffering.
g. Just a little mistake about not
getting the hood catch on his car
repaired. Wind got under the hood,
blew it up in the face of a father
and his little girl by his side. Before
he could stop the car, it crashed with
an approaching truck. His daughter
was killed then and there. 1t was
just little negligence, that's all.
1t does pay to keep your car in the
right mechanical condition always.
f. Near my home a railroad and
our main highway run parallel A
circus train was coming down the
| track. A driver of sedan in front
of me on the highway had already
almost gone off the shoulder into a
ditch. He just couldn't keep his eyes
off that circus train that was slow
ing down greatly as it entered town.
Before the stretch of road had been
travelled the driver crashed into a
telephone pole and smashed up his
car. Just little error about keeping
your eyes down the road in front of
you. Get your mind on your driv-
ing and keep it there or stop and get
off the highway.
5. Justice of peace court room in
my little home town. Mr.. A is
charged with reckless driving. AS
Mr.. B attempted to pass Mr.. A, MIR.
A pulled out to his left to pass Mr..
x directly in front of him. MIR. A
smashed into the right side of Mr..
BIS car. He had failed to glance in
his rear-view mirrors, both the one
in his car and the one outside his
car on his left. Never make a left
turn without taking a little glance
into those rear-view mirrors. Just
one little mistake along this line anc
you are in trouble, maybe your neck
broken.
6. 1t was nice level straight
stretch of highway, no traffic lights
no crossings, no pedestrians. Mr..
was making rs. Suddenly he rar
out of gas and his car slowed dowr
rapidly. An instant later a car strucl
him in the rear. Mr.. A, in his dis
gust at running out of gas, had failed
to signal sudden change of speed
Evening star., 1953-02-01
Reorganization

ONE OF THE MOST intriguing
~ mysteries in recent Govern
ment history-the case of the
constitutional majority-titillated
students of political science last
week.
The mystery developed quietly
enough; so quietly, in fact, that it
failed to get the attention it de-
served as a practical exercise in
Government and a practical ex-
ample of how things can go wrong
despite the best intentions on all
sides.
The case of the constitutional
majority revolved around a bill to
extend for two yearS-until April
l, 1955-the powers granted the
President to reorganize the execu-
tive branch of the Government.
BY the time the week ended, with
House action on the amended bill
set for this week, the ordinary po-
litical alignmentS were so snarled
that it was difficult to determine
who was trying to do what to
whom.
Evening star., 1953-02-01
-AP Photo.

eign policy in relation to Western
Europe"
Was this a threat to cut of aid
to Europe, perhaps to go it alone,
If Europe did not unity itself on
schedule? Would the new admin
istration replace persuasion with
the shock treatment? In Europe,
startled proponents of unity hoped
Dulles would not forget that diplo-
matte pressure, not threats, would
be most effective in strengthening
out divided and uncertain Europe.
On the Far East. To-day these
wars (Korea and Indo-China) go
on because the enemy thinks he's
getting an advantage by continu-,
ing the war. believe that Gen.
Eisenhower will find ways to make
the enemy change his mind in that
respect so that they, too, will want
peace,
Did he mean President Eisen-
hover could end the wars? Would
he try to extend the conflicts?
And had he consulted with Amer
ica'S United Nations partners?
What did he intend to do in Indo-
China, anyhow? That was war
America had not entered. Did he
intend to enter it?
on Subjugdted Peoples. ITO all
those suffering under Communist
slavery, to the timid and the in.
timidated peoples of the world, let
us say this: You can count on u.s."
Count on us to do what? Did
Dulles mean that the United States
would liberate the hundreds of
millions of persons suffering under
communism in the Soviet satel-
lites? Did he mean we would
liberate the Russians, most of
whom have never been much en-
chanted with communism? How
were we to liberate all these
persons?
What Was Intended?
1t seemed likely that Dulles had
no intention Of raising all these
questions when he prepared his
speech. Probably he had only this
in mind: To explain the ABCs Of
the foreign situation to the Amer
leans who are less well informed
than they should be and to keep
his talk general enough so that
Russia would not learn too much.
But the speech went too far. It
limited at possible major shifts in
policy-of vital interest to our
allies-but did not explain them.
AS result, the speech bewildered
friendly foreign ministers and
informed Americans.
The new administration, after
last week, probably realized that
the fireside-chat business was not
as simple as it looked.
Evening star., 1953-02-01

WTHEN THE EISENHOWER ad-
w mliniStration took over IL
days ago, it was billed as the best
prepared Government ever to come
to town. -aS indeed it was.
Organized from top virtually to
bottom at its temporary New York
headquarters, the new admins
tration seemed all ready to roll.
But starting on Inauguration day
with the crisis revolving around
Defense Secretary Charles E. Will
son, the administration gave indi-
cations of rolling over an ex-
tremely rocky road.
Last week, as the Eisenhower
machine picked up speed, the road
underneath still had rough spots
aplenty. And there were bumps
ahead, almost as far as the eye
could see.
Evening star., 1953-02-01
-AP Photo.

When Mr.. Wilson appeared on
Capitol Hill for confirmation, he
was surprised to find that the
Senators set great store by the
1863 statute. The Senate Armed
Services Committee finally told
him to comply or he would not be
confirmed.
After an interval, Mr.. Wilson de-.
cided to make the financial sacri-
flee so the President could have
the cabinet he wanted. His action
satisfied the committee.
When the nomination went to
the Senate floor last week, it was
confirmed by a vote of IT to 6.
During debate, opposing Senators
said they felt Mr.. Wilson was an
honest man, but doubted whether
he could help favoring GIN un-
consciously.
After Senate approval, Wilson
was sworn in at the White House
before a relieved President.
Three Others Sell Stock
Three of the Defense Secretary's
assistants also came up against
the nflict-of-intereSts law last
week. Robert T. Stevens, nomi-
mated to be Secretary of the Army,
was president and holder of $1.4
million worth Of stock in the ]. P.
Stevens Co., Inc, large supplier
of textiles to the Army. Harold E.
Talbot, named to be Secretary of
the Air Force, held stock in the
Chrysler Corp, Electric Auto-lite,
Armco Corp, Monsanto Chemical
and Standard Packaging, Inc, all
of which have contracts with the
Defense Department. Roger M.
Kyes, to be Deputy Secretary of
Defense, was a vice president of
GIN and held $4,000 worth of GIN
stock.
After several days hesitation,
all three decided to give in to
Congress and sell their stock.
Mr.. KyeS was confirmed Friday.
The others were expected to be
okayed this week, even though
further hearings were scheduled
on Mr.. Talbot.
The third service Secretary
also was cleared in committee last
week. He was Robert B. Ander-
son, Texas rancher and Gilman.
He said he had no holdings which
would conflict with the law. The
committee approved him after
three minutes Of questioning.
Last weeks action appeared to
mark the end of the great Eisen-
hover cabinet crisis. His nomi-
nees all were safely installed or
had cleared the last serious hur-
die. The ruckus had cost a good
bit of money-just how much
would not be known until all
stock had been disposed of-but
there was bit on the credit side,
too. President Eisenhower and his
aides had learned to feel the pulse
of Congress more carefully before
seeking its advice and consent"
on nominations.
Evening star., 1953-02-01
Appointments

TFIE EISENHOWER official FAM
i lily appeared to be complete
last week-at the cost of. several
hundred thousand dollars.
Charles E. Wilson, former head
of General Motors, was confirmed
as Secretary of Defense after he
promised to get rid of SIS million
worth Of GIN stock. GIN, the
biggest corporation in the world, is
the Defense Departments biggest
contractor. Under the conflict
of-interests law, which provides
that an official cannot have q
financial interest in a company
with which he will have to deal,
Wilson had to sell his stock.
His nomination had been an
nounced by Gen. Eisenhower Mo-
vember 20. however, without par
ticular thought about the law
Evening star., 1953-02-01
Congress

W7HEN THE DEMOCRATS last
w summer were paling at the
thought of q Republican admin
istration, they told the public a
horror tale that went something
like this: If you vote the Republic
cans in, you. may get the sort of
President you like, but his policies
will be frustrated on Capitol Hill
by group of die-hard, reactionary
committee chairmen.
Always high on the Democratic
list. Of bogeymen was Daniel A.
Reed, Representative from Western
New York since 1919. Reed, n, Is
the ranking Republican on the
Evening star., 1953-02-01
Toft-HortIey

Another Of the fronts on which
last falls election battle was fought
was that Of labor. The Democrats
contended that the Nations basic
labor law, the Taft-Hartley Act,
should be scrapped and new law
written. The Republicans held
that Taft-Hartley was all right at
bottom. but needed q few amend
ments.
Last week, the father Of the
controversial measure, Senator
Taft Of Ohio, exercised the victor's
Continued on Page A-2s.)
Evening star., 1953-02-01
Foreign Policy
THE FOREIGN ministers of most

ME EFORE1GN ministers OF most
I nations have avoided major
policy decisions since last summer
when American foreign policy was
made major issue in the Steven
Eisenhower contest for the
presidency. There was no use max
ing decisions overseas until the
American colossus made up it's
mind.
When the victorious Eisenhower
administration was sworn in two
weeks ago, Americas friends-and
enemies-looked forward to an end
to the uncertainty. President
Eisenhower's inaugural address,
however, did not reveal anything
new in American foreign policy.
Then, last week, the new Secre-
tary of State, John Foster Dulles,
gave half hour radio and TV
talk, defining in two-plus-two-
equals-four language the admin
istration'S views on foreign affairs.
Array Of Questions
When he finished, however, the
world knew as little about Amer
ican foreign policy as it knew be-
fore he spoke. Dulles left many
large questions unanswered and
raised even more questions.
Summing up the new foreign
policy he said it would be one of
:"opennesS, simplicity and right
eousness," three words as attrac-
tive as motherhood" but words
which can mean almost anything.
Or nothing.
When Dulles got down to cases
he had this to say:
On Europe. "The United States
has made a big investment ($SO
billion since World War III in
Western Europe on the theory that
there could be unity there. !.
If, however, there were no chance,
and that I just refuse to believe,
but if it appeared there were no
chance Of getting effective unity,
and If in particular France, Ger
many and England should go their
separate ways, then certainly it
would be necessary to give little
rethinking to Americas own for
Evening star., 1953-02-01
The Aftermath

If the Democrats and the
budget director were a little
baffied by what had happened in
committee, the Republican leader
ship on the Hill was equally be-
mused by all the fuss that was
kicked up. The congressional lead
ers knew something others did not
know-and what they knew made
things even more nystifying.
The big Republican wheels on
Evening star., 1953-02-01

secret during the hearings of his
intention to amend the bill before
reporting it out. Far from being
willing to let Gen. Eisenhower
have what his predecessor had,
Mr.. Hoffman intended to fix it so
a simple majority of either house
could kill a reorganization plan.
Mr.. Dodge, for his part, made no
secret of his horror of such a de-
velopment. Time and again in his
testimony, the budget director
emphasized the Importance of CIV
ing the President as much power
as possible to clean house, as he
had promised the people he would.
Time and again he said this was
the view of the administration and
as far as he knew-of the Presi-
dent himself.
Sowing the Limb
The Democratic members of the
committee watched with fascina-
ton as the Republicans busily
sawed away at the limb on which
the Republican administration was
perched. Instead of urging the
budget director to take less than
the original bill offered, the Dem
ocrats kept urging him to try for
more. Mr.. Dodge said he would
not fight for more, but would op-
pose less.
To questions from both sides of
the committee table, Mr.. Dodge
declared that a simple majority
would make it virtually impossible
for the President to act. The Dem
ocrats let it be known that if the
constitutional majority was what
Gen. Eisenhower wanted, the DEM
ocrats would see to it that he re-
ceived it. They would, in short,
protect him from his friends.
But there was impetus behind
the drive to amend the measure.
Clarence Brown, father of the
House bill, seemed eager to author
ize surgery on his brain child. He
said he understood the Senate was
going to urge the simple majority,
and in the interest of speed and
harmony he would 60 along with
the crowd.
Bewilderine Vote
The bewildering House commit
tee vote was: Is Republicans in
favor of weakening Eisenhower's
reorganization powers, IA Demo-
Gratis opposed. In the Senate, the
committee vote was unanimous in
favor of whiting the Presidents
powers; two absent Democratic
Senators later diSsented.
Still the Democrats were not
ready to lie down. They had
plugged for the constitutions. ma
jority for their own President,
Truman; they would plug for it
for the opposition's President,
Eisenhower, If only as matter of
principle. Too, the Democrats took
pixie Joy in the thought that, in
rescuing the Republican Presi-
dents pet project from the Re-
publican Congress tender mercies,
they could show themselves to be
a force for unity and sound Gov
ernment, to the infinite embarrass-
ment Of the party in power.
Evening star., 1953-02-01

Capitol Hill could not understand
Mr.. Dodge's adamant stand against
the Hoffman amendment. They
had been to the White House on
Monday to talk things over with
the President. One of the subjects
was the reorganization bill.
The leaders had told the Presi-
dent that Representative Hoffman
was all for amending the bill to
give a simple majority veto power,
and would the President mind too
much If the provision went
through? Not at all, Gen. Eisen-
hover told the Congressman; go
right ahead and enact the Hoff-
man provision into law. However,
at least one of those who attended
the meeting did not recall the gen.
erals agreeing to any change.
Wosn't It Cleared?
In the course of hearings on
Tuesday, some Republican COM
mittee members, as well as other
Republicans, expressed puzzle
ment over Mr.. Dodge's stand. They
had understood the whole thing
had been cleared with the White
House. But If there was a mis-
underStanding-if Mr.. Dodge really
reflected the new Presidents at
titude-perhaps the Republican
leadership ought to reconsider.
When, on Thursday afternoon,
the White House revealed that the
Hoffman amendment had been
cleared in advance with Gen.
Eisenhower, Democrats on the Hill
were flabbergasted. There seemed,
to them, little point in fighting for
something the President did not
want. But they could not figure
out why he did not want it.
That was a question to which,
at the end of the week, there was
no clear answer. Another unan-
swered question was why Mr..
Dodge had fought so f1ercely to
keep the constitutional majority
after the President had waived it.
Areas Of Speculation
Though there were no definite
answers to these two questions,
there were one or two fields of
speculation that made sense.
AS to why the President agreed
to the supplementary provision
in the first place, there is the bare
possibility that-new as he is to
civilian Government-Gen. Eisen-
hover did not exactly understand
what the congressional leaders
were suggesting.
Or, granting that he did under
stand, he may have felt that the
Senate's long standing opposition
to broad presidential reorganiza-
ton powers justified his backing
down in the interest Of harmony;
that the need for cordial relations
with Congress at this time was
greater than the need for sweep
ing powers.
Not Thoroughly Briefed
On the matter of Mr.. Dodge's
apparently misplaced opposition to
the Hoffman amendment, there
seems to be only one explanation.
The budget director apparently
briefed the President on the pend
ing bill and got the Presidents
OK. before going up to testify.
But befnre Mr.. Dodge got to the
Hill, Gen. Eisenhower changed his
mind+and neglected to notify the
budget director.
At weeks end it was difficult to
tell what kind of reorganization
act President Eisenhower would
get. The White House still had
not taken q strong stand on the
matter, but Republican leaders In
Congress were talking about giving
Evening star., 1953-02-01

him the strong Truman law "in
order to avoid confusion"
If the case of the constitutional
majority proved anything, it was
this: When the Eisenhower admin
istration came to town, it was
stylish to talk about it in football
language-the "team" and that
sort of thing. The weeks develop
ments seemed to indicate that the
team needed a little more signal
practice.
Evening star., 1953-02-01
The Problem

Under existing law, Congress has
delegated the President authority
to make organizational changes in
Government agencies. But this is
not blanket authority, such as
President Roosevelt had under war
powers.
Before the President can reor-a
ganize a bureau, he must submit
his plan to Congress. If Congress
takes no action in so days, the
plan goes into effect. The reor-
ganization can be stopped only if
one house or the other vetoes it
by constitutional majority" In
other words, 218 of the 435 mem
bers of the House, or 49 of the SO
members of the Senate, must op-
pose the plan in order to kill it.
Under this law, President Tru-
man managed to effect 80 of the
II reorganizations he wanted to
make. Two of the 29-affecting
the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration and the Federal Power
CommiSsion-paSSed over the ex-
pressed objections of Congress
simply because the vote against
the plans was greater than a
simple majority but short of a
constitutional one.
Majority Of Quorum
Under a simple majority rule, it
would not take 218 Representatives
or 40 Senators to kill a plan. A
bare majority of quorum could
do the trick-conceivably as few
as 110 in the House or Is in the
Senate.
Historically, the House has al
ways been better disposed toward
the President on the matter of
reorganization than the Senate.
From time to time, members of
the lower body have supported the
idea that both chambers should
act to nullify a presidential plan,
while Senators have tended to
favor killing reorganizations by a
simple majority vote of either
house.
In the House of Representatives
last week, the Committee on Gov
ernment Operations met to con-
slider House Resolution 1879, bill
to extend the present provisions
for two years. The sponsor of the
bill was Republican Clarence
Brown of Ohio. The chairman of
the committee was Republican
Clare Hoffman of Michigan.
Dodse's Stond
Up to the Hill in support of H. R.
1879 came Joseph M. Dodge, the
interim fiscal adviser newly ap-
pointed by President Eisenhower
to be director Of the Budget Bu-
reau. AS the fountainhead Of
knowledge on executive branch or
ganization, Mr.. Dodge was the log
ical man to testify for the admin
istration. He told the committee
that the administration tasks no
more and no less (power) than has
been granted its predecessor" and
warned that ito give it less author
ity to do what is expected and
quite generally demanded Of it
would be not only an unexpected
handicap but certainly to degree
a denial of one of the important
factors in public opinion which
brought this administration into
Office"
Evening star., 1953-02-01
The Amendment

Chairman Hoffman, who has
strong views on who should hold
the reins of Government, made no
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-01-30

Most people quick to listen to, and believe
gossip, unfortunately.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1953-01-30
BY BILL cIBB

next two months, you viii find
them willing to listen. and it pos
sible, participate in a worthwhile
community good deed.
"Now so far as the community
support of Scouting is concerned,
NAV refer you to Mr.. Carlton
Smith. He has been finance chair
man of our district during the past
three years. He VIII inform you
that, except for the contributions
of Just very few individuals and
other small aid by the city, Scout
ing in Key West is almost wholly
dependent upon the Navy through
its Charity Carnival for financial
support that is required.
81 shall be looking forward u
discussing this further at our
meeting"
Wonderful Outfit
Without doubt our Boy Scouts
and their leaders do wonderful
work. In the column which Der.
nard mentioned, / think / ranked
them higher Gin my personal opin-
ion) than the adult groups such
as Kiwanis, Lions, cts. 1t is
shame that they have to depend
upon financial aid from the Navy
Charity Carnival.
As for the Simonton st. beach
strip it seems to me that cleanup
job belongs to our City Sanitary
Dept. = not to be cleaned Just once
and left but to be maintained reg
ularly throughout the year. I'm
surprised that Logun's or the Sun
and Sand Club have not already
put pressure on the City concern
ing this situation. After all, it is
a detriment to their business az
well as a disgrace to Key West.
Navy Charity Carnival
Bernard Frank mentioned the
Navy Charity Carnival and it is a
subject that this column has meant
to get around to for q long time.
This annual Carnival is devoted
wholly and solely to charity. The
money taken in is divided up
amongst various organizations
where it will do the most good. No
other charitable drive can even APP
proach the Nays when consider
ed from the angle of overall
helpfulness to all people, ages, and
groups.
Let's all pitch In and make the
Carnival a huge success. How
about it, huh?