davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-07-15

should be harvested While crested
wheatgrass seed varies greatly in
price from year to year, it is COM
modify that IS there for the harvest
ing and usually comes into favor
able price cycle during the period
when it still retains good germina-
ton. Late this spring, crested wheat
grass was scarce and commanded
good price. The reverse situation
existed last fall.
Wheat allotments have been an
nounced for 1854 and, unless the law
is changed, acreages will be cut Is
to 80 per cent. 1t is fairly certain
that some of the poorer soils that
have been producing wheat will be
seeded down to crested wheatgrass.
There is much to recommend such
action, for in addition to the con-
servation angle of reseeding, the
vegetative growth added to these
soils will be beneficial if and when
they are again broken up for small
grain production.
ALFALFA SEED
Following the large alfalfa seed
crop of 1852 with resulting lower
prices, there may be slackening
off on alfalfa seed production in
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-07-15

MERGAktlAA kills wireworrs
AND controls eerfai1 seed
borne diseases. The original
2-WAY seed proteetont for wheat, bor-
ley and cots :. contoins refined BIC
and mercury. Applied dry or as sIurry.
Send For Seed Treatment CireuIurs
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-07-15

NCkOX controls seed-boFn@
assesses sveh as sinking srsvs of
wNeof. covered smvt OF barley end
we. covered end loose srevf Of co4s;
s&so protects agoinst seed sot and
seediins bliehss. Approved by sse
Poetic Northwest Smvt Control Com.
wSssee. Applied dry or os slyfry.
Evening star., 1953-01-18

flee: John Adams. Clinton.
Tompkins, Calhoun, Marshall
and Garner.
Vice President King holds
the distinction of never TAX
ing his seat as presiding Of
ficer of the Senate. He was,
also, the only Vice President
inaugurated outside the United
States. He took the oath in
Cuba, 100 years ago, on March
4, 1853. He died before reach
ing Washington.
Theodore Roosevelt runs
King a close second. He pre-
sided over the Senate for
exactly five days after taking
the vice presidential veil,"
as he put it.
Burr occupied the Senate
high chair while under in
dictment for Staying Alexander
Hamilton. John c. Calhoun
was the only Vice President
ever to resign the office. Most
dynamic of the Vice PreSi-
dents, he was the first second
string man to balk at simply
watching the game from the
sidelines. He gaveled his way
into a few big plays. But he
refused to be hobbled by the
vice presidency. He resigned
to take a Senate seat where
he could wage open war on
President Jackson.
Confederate General
Breckinridge. who served
under President Buchanan,
was a statesman of consider
able stature. Few Vice Presi-
dents have ranked him in
sheer ability. Leaving the vice
presidency in 1861, he went
to the Senate, but soon re-
signed to become a Confed-
crate general. He became a
great soldier and leader, idol
lied by his men.
John Adams, the pace-setter
Vice President, wore a wig and
small sword while presiding
over the Senate. He holds the
record for voting on ties, 20
during eight years in the office.
Calhoun was the runnerup
with %.
Jefferson once said "the Sec
ond Office of the Government
is honorable and easy" He
found it SO easy, in fact, that
he wrote his celebrated par
liamentary Manual" while-so
it is said-presiding from the
Senate cockpit.
Martin Van Buren was the
Evening star., 1953-01-18
BY Richord FrykIund

unimportant in 2053. The
mess probably will rate only a
sentence, perhaps a short para
graph. Mr.. Truman's public
housing program and execu-
tive department reorganization
plans will be mentioned. The
abortive planks in the Fair
Deal platform-the Brannan
farm plan, Government health
insurance. civil rights. Federal
aid to education-will get
about the same attention from
future historians as the mess
in Washington"
World Turning Point
The Truman chapter will be
devoted chiefly to foreign
policy. because turning point
in the affairs of America and
the world came during the
Truman administration. No
President who held Office dur
ing those years could have
failed to make his mark in
history.
Three new factors combined
to make the turning point:
. The world, for practical
military purposes, suddenly be-
came small and round. Weap-
onS became available which
could be hurled across the top
of the globe. No country
could isolate itself militarily
or could seal off and isolate
any other country.
0 At the same time, there
came available atomic weapons
Of such destructive force that
total war could mean total de-
struction even for the winners.
. And the aggressive Com
munist world seemed willing to
unleash that total destruction
on a world in which there was
no place to hide.
It is Mr.. Truman's reactions
to this crisis that will be
studied by historians. His first
reaction was to be friends with
the Russians. His second was
the policy of "containment."
He attempted to stop the ad-
vance of communism, increase
the strength of the Western
Evening star., 1953-01-18
How Will Truman Rate in 2053?

When President Truman
rides down Pennsylvania Ave-
nue. Tuesday to witness the
ceremony that will close his
term in Office. it is good bet
that one thing will be upper
most in his mind: His own
place in history.
Mr.. Truman has long been
fascinated by the study Of
history, and he has taken
pains during his last months
in Office to give future his
torianS a helping hand with
their Truman chapters. He
has arranged for establish
ment of Truman library at
Independence. He has ana
lyzed his own accomplish
ments in a state-of-the- Union
message to Congress and in a
radio and TV report to the
public. Certainly during his
last few minutes in Office he
will be wondering how a his
torian writing, say, in 2053 will
treat President Harry S. Tru-
man.
His place in history will de-
pend partly, of course. on who
writes the history books 100
years from now. If communism
has won the cold and hot wars.
then the official history Of our
times will give Mr.. Truman
short shrift as just another OF
the decadent, war-mongering,
capitalistfc Presidents.
But if the free world is still
free, Mr. Truman probably will
be known to most of our great
great-grandchildren.
No Paragraph or Two
To begin with, it is certain
that Mr.. Truman will get a
lengthy treatment. While
some will be brushed of with
a paragraph or two, the Tru-
man administration was SO
crowded with momentous
events that it probably will
command a long section in
any history book.
Mr.. Truman will be evalu-
ated on the basis of what he
did, rather than what he
thought. He was a doer. not a
philosopher. Presidents like
jefferson, Madison, Lincoln
and Wilson are studied as
much for their contributions to
political philosophy as for their
concrete accomplishments. But
Mr.. Truman's distinction lay
in his deeds.
And it will be his deeds in
foreign affairS-not domestic
affairs or even his part in the
mess in Washington"-that
will occupy the greatest place
in future histories. Mr.. Tru-
man will not be condemned
for his letters, his stubborn de-
fense of Harry Vaughan, his
cries of "red herring" and
"eyewash" any more than Lin
coin is condemned for getting
Government jobs for his rela-
tives. Those things will seem
Evening star., 1953-01-18

T'ruman's administration. If
civilian control of atomic
energy promotes the develop
ment of atomic power for civil
ian use, then that vast new
source of energy may remake
the face of America in 100
years.
There is another possibility
that Mr.. Truman's decision to
make the hydrogen bomb may
have meant that there will be
no civilization 100 years from
now capable Of writing a his
tory book.
How Will He Rate?
These are the events that
will be described in the Truman
chapter. But what conclusions
will be drawn?, Will the fu-
ture historian say Mr.. Tru-
mans actions were good, bad,
adequate or what? All such
speculation presumes, of course,
that historians will praise or
blame Mr.. Truman personally
for ideas which may have been
conceived by a subordinate.
The history books will GER
tainly say that to have done
nothing during the recent
crisis would have meant dis
aster At the same time, to
have acted recklessly, to have
started a preventive war, for
instance. could also have
meant disaster for the world.
So the fact that Mr.. Truman
did act, but took a vigorous
middle course, will rebound to
his credit with, perhaps, a
black mark for his relative in
action in the Far East).
Whether or not the elements
and the scope of his contain
ment policy will be praised will
depend on whether. second
guessing historians can think
of a better course of action
and on how we'll the policy
works out, if continued.
1t would be a reasonable as
sumption, however, that Mr..
Truman will get chapter in
future histories that certainly
will be lengthy and probably
will be respectable.
Evening star., 1953-01-18

biggest whisky drinker among
the Vice Presidents. But this
did not impair his surprising
ability as a presiding officer.
He kept a brace of pistols at
his side when occupying the
Senate rostrum. Explosive is
sues rocked the Nation during
his incumbency: Notification,
Texas, Oregon and Bank of the
United States.
Richard M. Johnson is a
really forgotten man. His
name stirs hardly a ripple on
the American memory. His
fame rested on killing the In
dian chief. Tecumseh, at the
Battle of the Thames. That
deed brought him nomination
in 1886. He was the only Vice
President elected by the Sem
ate.
Andrew johnson was the
only Vice President who was
drunk-very drunk-When he
took the oath. Dallas, the
18th Vice President, is remem-
bered only vaguely, but he pre-
sided over strenuous days in
the Senate: Mexican War,
Wilmot Proviso debate and
California problem. His best
memorial is the city in Texas.
Hamlin's fame rests largely
Evening star., 1953-01-18

world and then seek a. long
range settlement.
Containment included the
Greek Turkish aid program,
Marshall Plan, Berlin airlift.
North Atlantic Treaty Organ
iZation, German and Japanese
peace agreements, roint-four
aid to underdeveloped coun-
tries. support of the United
Nations and, most significant
of all, the decision to fight in
Korea
To future historians these
elements of the Truman for
, eign policy will be at least as
important as the Monroe Doc
trine. The unique Korean war
will fascinate the historians.
Fo. the first time, the United
States entered a limited war
for limited objectives. Instead
Of being preoccupied with vic
tory'-the crushing of what
ever army had the temerity to
face Uncle Sans doughboys-
the Nation sought to make a
political point. in the broadest
sense of the term. through the
force of arms, but without un-
leashing total war. The Ko-
rean experiment, whether it
succeeds or fails, will swell the
Truman chapter in history.
Atomic Age
Hard to classify either as
foreign or domestic is the Tru-
man administration action in
the field of atomic energy.
Mr.. Truman ushered in the
atomic age when he ordered
the A-bomb dropped on Hi
roshima. He took another sig
l1if1cant step when he approved
civilian control of atomic en-
ergy. It also will be noted in
future histories that Mr.. Tru-
man ordered experiments with
hydrogen explosions, expert
mentS significant in case Of
atomic war, but without any
known peacetime value.
It may we'll be. however,
that the start of the atomic
age will loom in 2053 as the
most significant event of Mr..
Evening star., 1953-01-18
Nixon Bucks the Law Of Averages
By Edword Boykin

BY Edword Boykin
It was Vice President Tom
Marshall. who served in Presi-
dent Woodrow Wilson's time,
who remarked slyly that mo
one would ever take the trou-
BILE to shoot a Vice President. :"
This low rating for United
States Vice Presidents has be-
come q pretty generally &C
cepted thing now, what with
the press, politicians and even
Vice Presidents themselves
drumming on the point.
Past experiences of our IS
Vice Presidents bear out these
appraisals. It would appear
that the law of averages is
against Richard Nixon. Not
that he would care, or be BASH
full about bucking historical
averages. But the list of for
mer Vice Presidents whose
only claim to fame is q dusty
marble bust hidden in some
out-of-the-way niche in the
Capitol is a lot longer than the
list Of Vice Presidents who
have gone on to fame. Most
of them should have gone
on to greater things from this
presumably second-highest Of
flee in the land.
Actually, the Vice Presi-
dents chief duties appear to
be: l. Waiting around. as heir
apparent, for something to
happen to the man at the top.
2. Presiding over the Senate
in which he has no voice save
in breaking tie votes. 3. Being
the target of more quips and
jokes than other Government
officials.
FTonklin Set lone
The practice of belittling
the Office was started by Ben
Franklin, who proposed that
Vice Presidents be called
His Superfluous Excellency."
Rated on their place in the
average Americans mind to-
day Vice Presidents probably
would be graded like this:
Best knoUn: John Adams,
Thomas jefferson, John C.
Calhoun, Martin Van Buren,.
John Tyler, Andrew johnson.
Theodore Roosevelt. Calvin
Coolidge, Thomas Marshall,
John Garner, Harry Truman
and Alben Barkley.
Twilight zone: Aaron Burr.
Hannibal Hamlin. John C.
Breckenridge, Millard Fill
more, Adlai Stevenson, Ches-
ter A. Arthur and Charles
Curtis.
Forgotten: Elbridge Gerry,
George Clinton, Richard M.
johnson, Daniel D. Tompkins,
George M. Dallas, William
Rufus King. Schuyler Colfax,
Henry c. Wilson. William A.
Wheeler, Thomas A. Hend-
ricks, Levi P. Morton, Garret
A. Hobart, Charles w. Fair
banks, James S. Sherman,
Charles G. Dawes and Henry
A. Wallace.
OF the 35 who have taken
the oath only five have been
outstanding figures. in the
main stream of American his
tory: John Adams, Thomas
Jefferson, John c. Calhoun,
Roosevelt and Mar
tin Van Buren.
III &C WSAC O4S11Clo VI Vic
Declaration of Independence:
Adams, Jefferson and Gerry.
Seven succeeded to the pres
idency through death of the
Chief Executive: Tyler, Fill
more, Andrew johnson, Ar
thur, Theodore Roosevelt,
Coolidge and Truman.
Seven Vice Presidents died
in office: Clinton, Gerry, King,
Henry Wilson, Hendricks, Ho-
bart and Sherman. Longest
lived was Morton, who reached
96. He was also the Wealth.
est.
Only three were promoted
to President after serving a
full term as Vice President:
Adams, Jefferson and Van
Buren,.
Only six Vice Presidents
have been reelected to the Of
Evening star., 1953-01-18

on being Lincoln's first Vice
President. Political expediency
threw him overheard for john
son in 1864. however, when
Lincoln ran a second time.
Burr was the most colorful
personality ever to rule" the
Senate. Certainly he was one
OF the ableSt. Few Vice Presi-
dents brought as much charm
and wit to his duties as he.
Few remember today that
Burr came within one vote Of
being President.
Lost Of Boys Of rs
Elbridge Gerry, last of the
Boys of '76 to become Vice
President, was the oldest ever
to assume the job. He was 50
when he mounted the stage
in 1913. He had signed the
Declaration of independence
and helped frame the Consti-
tuition, which he refused to
indorSe. He was fatally
stricken in his carriage on
Pennsylvania avenue one day
in 1914 while on his way to
the Senate. A f1re-eater in
his day. he Is better remem-
bered for a new word in poll
tics. gerrymander, than for
his services as Vice President.
Thomas r. Marshall was
perhaps the best liked of all
the Vice Presidents. His
hobby was collecting vice
presidential jokes. He au-
thored many of them himself.
His famous crack, What this
country needs is a good five
cent cigar" was uttered to a
clerk at his side on the Senate
rostrum during long. dreary
debate on the needs" of the
country.
Socially, the Vice President
has always been a lion, the
champion who was reputed to
have come to his demise by
partaking of too much choice
food and wine provided by
Washington hoSteSses.
1903 Abolition Movement
AS early as 1903 Congress
actually had to vote down a
proposal to abolish the job.
John Adams gave the Office a
kick in the pants even before
he took it over. To him it was
"the most insignificant Office
that ever the invention of
man contrived or his imagi-
nation conceived" A century
later Woodrow Wilson, pro-
found student of government,
compounded Adams calumny!
THE Vice President has be-
come even more insignificant
than the Constitution seemed
to make him" Garner called
the Vice President "the spare
tire in our Government"
All that has gone before
could be prologue, of course.
Beginning Tuesday, Mr.. Nixon
gets his opportunity to fight
the law of averages.
Evening star., 1953-01-18
KimboII Has the New
'Life-Crowned' Toneboord

One of the most important
developments in piano building
in so years, Kimball's Life.
Crowned" Toneboard gives more
resonance, better diffusion and
blending of tones, less tone dis
tortion and need for less frequent
tuning.
Evening star., 1953-04-01
| Americans Seized in China
| Reported Still in Canton
By the Assoeiofed Press

HONG KONG, April 1.-The
independent Wah Kiu Daily
News today said the three Amer
leans seized March 81 by q
Chinese Red gunboat of Hong
Kong still were in the Southern
China city Of Canton.
The dispatch appeared to dis
credit reports that Richard Ap-
plegate Of NBC, Don Dixon Of
International News Service and
BENJAMIN Krasner. a sea cap
tain from Brooklyn. had been
taken to the Red capital Of
Peiping.
The dispatch said they were
being investigated by the From
tier Security Board of Kwantung
Province for possible espionage
activities.
They are charged with enter
ing Red China territorial waters
without permission.
Evening star., 1953-04-01
3 State Department
Aides Speak Today
AtLutheran Seminar

Three top-level State Depart
ment officials were to address
the final session Of a three-day
Washington seminar for Lu-
theran students today in the
New State Department Building
auditorium, Twenty-flrst street
and Virginia avenue NV.
The officials are John d. Jer-
negan, deputy assistant secretary
of State for Near Eastern, South
Asian and African Affairs: Will
liam w. Young, of the Near East
ern and African Development
Service. of the Technical Co
operation Administration, and
Harry w. Seamans of the Divi-
sion of Public Liaison.
Yesterday the group of 1875
Lutheran college students and
seminarians heard Senator Doug
las, Democrat, Of Illinois, praise
church groups. and the Lutheran
Church in particular, for their
Evening star., 1953-04-01
work in reSettling displaced per-
| cnVnc ivN %Io YTnikol Cko%ne

work in reSettling displaced per-
sons in the United States.
II congratulate the Lutheran
Church for its work with dis
placed persons" the Senator said.
IF it had not been for the
church people of this country,
those Of us interested in this
program would not have had
any support"
Speaking on the McCarran-
Walter immigration Act, Sena-
tor Douglas said he does not
think it can be repealed now be-
cause there is in the United
States today "a strong nativist
movement. almost as strong as
in the days Of the Ku Klux."
He indicated, however, that
amendments to the act might be
feasible, especially the pooling
OF unused quotas, increasing the
number Of immigrants and pro-
v1ding judicial rather than ad-
ministrative hearings on depor-
tation or admittance Of aliens.
Evening star., 1953-04-01
$4,000 Campaign
For Fight on Cancer
Here 10 Start TODAY

The Washington campaign to
raise $250.000 for the war on
cancer gets under way today.
Mrs. Eisenhower, as national
honorary chairman of the Amer
ican Cancer Society's 1858 ap-
peal, was to be guest Of honor al
q kickoff luncheon for workers
In the Hotel Statler.
The national goal in the Can
Ger Crusade" Is $18 million.
Citing the need for money
with which to combat the dis
ease, campaign spokesmen noted
that in Washington last year
cancer caused deaths at the rate
Of one every six hours. The to-
tai number was 1,478. This Is
the highest rate on record for
the city.
Third Died Needlessly.
Members Of the District chap
ter Of the American Cancer So
ciety declared that at least a
third Of these victims could have
been saved by early diagnosis
and prompt treatment. They said
one of every five persons here
will develop cancer if the present
rate continues.
April was proclaimed "Can-
Ger Control Month" by action of
the District Commissioners. In
their proclamation, they said
programs of cancer education,
research and service have saved
many lives and can save many
more. To that end they called
upon Washingtonians to sup
port the current appeal for
funds.
Wylie Barrow. chairman of the
District drive. said more than
400 persons were expected to
attend the luncheon. Among
them will be the Secretary of
Commerce and Mrs. Weeks, Gov.
Kohler of Wisconsin. Commits
sioner Renah F. Camalier and
DR.. Harry M. Nelson, president
Of the American Cancer Society.
"Oklahoma!" Cast to Appear.
The program was to include
entertainment by the cast of
"Oklahoma!". now playing at
the National Theater. and mu-
sic by the Navy Band.
Mr.. Barrow paid tribute today
to the campaign volunteers
Without their work, he said,
there would be no national $4-
million fund, which enables 900
investigators to conduct cancer
research in 100 universities. lab
oratorieS and hospitals.
The campaigners hope to reach
the 10000 goal here by setting
these division quotas:
Special Gifts division, Of which
George Thompson is chairman,
$35, 900; Business, Richard T.
Burroughs, chairman, $50, 900:
Federal Government, William P.
McCahill, chairman, SILT, 900;
Residential, Mrs. Michael j. Gal
vim, chairman. $45,0 900.
Also, Clubs and Organizations,
Mrs. Edward Magdeburger, chair
man. $4,000; Professions, DR..
Harold Krogh. chairman, $10,-
600; District Government, DR.
Daniel Seckinger, chairman,
$4,000. and Special Events. Mrs.
Alexander Stone. chairman.
$4,000.
Evening star., 1953-04-01
Livery stobie Started

SWIFT CURRENT, Sask., (P),
The horse has not been showed
entirely out of the picture here.
A. c. Sanburn. a pioneer chap
lin farmer, was granted a license
to operate a livery stable and
riding academy-the first here
in more than 20 years.
Evening star., 1953-04-01
New York Post Office
Will Be Guinea Piq
BY ihs As.oeiofed Press

NEW YORK, April 1.-The
New York City post Office, which
covers Manhattan and the
Bronx. will serve as a guinea pig
for a management survey seek
ing means to cut postal costs
while improving service.
The study will serve as a guide
for the entire Nation, Postmas-
ter General Arthur E. Summer
f1eld announced yesterday.
New York'S post Office, in an
efficiency survey of IS city post
Offices, was recently rated 49th
on the basis of production pe,
man and operating costs.
Evening star., 1953-04-01
BruziI Wheat Doubled

RIO DE JANEIRO. (P.-Bra-
zil's 1858 wheat harvest will
total 4O0. 900 tons, approximately
oouoie the 1951-52 total. The
Wheat Expansion Service saws
Brazils needs are 1.8 million
TONS annually. Argentina has
oeen Brazil's principal supplier
Of wheat.
Evening star., 1953-04-01
| Stutue Mover Wanted

The city Of Amritsar, India,
will pay $500 to remove Queen
Victoria's statue from the center
Of the city.
Evening star., 1953-04-01

FAMOUS PLANK STEAK HOUSE
1872 Connecticut Ave.
ACROSS PROAs TNG AgAYFL0WRR N0YGG
eu'n Daily. 17MMH.M = RESERVATIONS:
PHONE
Executive 3-34ll Q Republic 1886
The frontiersman., 1953-10-15
RECEIVES WORD EARLY AGRICULTURAL SUPPORTER DIES

The death of Dr. Iver J. Ny. gard, senior USDA soil scientist, October in Minneapolis means the loss of one of Alaska's early and continued supporters for in- creased federal interest in the territory's agricultural problems.
 Word of Nygard's death was sent to Dr. Allan H. Mick, direc- tor of the Extension Service and head of the soil science depart ment of the Alaska Agricultural Experiment Station.
 Nygard was a member of the 1947 congressional task force committee that surveyed the ter rltory's agricultural possibilities and recommended increased