davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-10-11
TUE MILITARY MEN who

THE MILITARY MEN who
signed the Korean truce
agreement July 81 recommended"
that political leaders of the two
sides get together within three
months to work out a final settle
ment of Korean problems, "etc."
Yesterday the Communists said
they were ready to talk over de-
tails of political conference.
1t was a step forward, of course.
but no one was betting heavily
that the conference would come
off on time. The Communist reply
indicated there would be good
bit more pickering and delay be-
fore any decision on the confer
ence is reached.
The Communist statement, COM
ing to the allies from the North
Korean and Chinese Communist
governments by way of the Peiping
radio, asked for talks at Panmun-
jom about the time, place and
participants of the conference
Such a request was in effect
rejection, first of the U. N. deci-
sion, taken after serious split
developed between the allies, to
confine the talks to the belligerents
and to Russia, if the "other side"
wants it, and, second, the allied
proposal to hold the talks at San
Francisco, Honolulu or Geneva,
Switzerland, on October Is.
So the arguments would start
again from scratch if the Pan
munjom meeting is held.
Meanwhile, the free world
represented principally by the
United States and India-was
having increased difficulty in
Strengthening out the Korean
priSoner-of-war mess.
Evening star., 1953-10-11

(but not admittedly Communist)
government of British Guiana was
threatening to demand complete
independence from the crown. At
the head of the drive was Cheddi
Jagan, GuianeSe of East Indian
ancestry, whose college education
included two years at Howard Uni
versity here, and Jagan's wife.
Chicago girl named Janet Rosen-
berg. They are the spearheads Of
the Peoples Progressive Party.
Jagan, minister of agriculture
and chief minister in the primarily
agricultural colony on South
Americas northeast coast, Yields
so much power that newsmen
have incorrectly reported him to
be Prime Minister. Six months
ago, Jagan and the PPP got a
new colonial constitution. They
claimed they were acting under
this document when they tried
last week to break away from the
commonwealth.
Difference of Opinion
But London read the Guianese
constitution differently. After try
ing to ignore or hide the crisis for
five days, Whitehall moved. The
government asked the Queen to
sign an order granting emergency
powers to the colonial governor,
Sir Alfred Savage. Then the
Admiralty laid on ships and the
War Office loaded 900 Argyll and
Sutherland Highlanders and 500
Royal WEIGH Fusiliers aboard them.
When the first contingent of
troops arrived, the governor fired
Jagan and five members of the
cabinet. The crisis subsidized rapidly,
with no show of resistance against
H. M. forces and only feeble bleats
from Jagan about taking the mat
ter to the United Nations (where
the Soviet Union stood ready to
wave the bloody shirt.
Things Quiet Down
BY this week end the 100000
British Guianese (moSt of them
East Indians like Jagan) were still
subjects of the crown. They seemed
likely to remain in that status,
under emergency government for
while and then under their own
regime after a more tractable set
of ministers is assembled.
There was no denying that the
episode was highly embarrassing
to all elements in Britain. The
Conservatives saw a shadow cast
over Sir Winston Churchill's sunny
belief that the Communists can be
negotiated with. The LaboriteS
lost one of their favorite talking
pointS-that all this Communist
rot is simply American hySteria
generated by policy-makers in
Washington. And regardless Of
party, BritonS were faced with the
ever-present Arab-Asian charge
(now strengthened by Guiana)
that her majesty's government
still is dedicated to unalloyed i'm
perialism.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Atom Bomb

TINE THREAT to American de-
i mocracy posed by Soviet pos
session of an atomic arsenal must,
of course, be countered effectively
and promptly. And the form of
the defense must in its broad out
lines be decided on in a democratic
way.
That is why there was some
Evening star., 1953-10-11

oners. The commission asked the
U. N. to speed up construction of
buildings for the explanations to
anti-Red prisoners or else let the
Communists take over the build
ing job. The United States had
claimed construction would take
four weeks; the Communists said
they could do it in four days.
Wos Il StolI?
Whether there was a stall or
not was anybody's guess. But 1t
was clear that the United States
did have an interest in delay. The
U. N. side has insisted all expla-
nations end by December "a, as
provided In the truce agreement.
Already l6 of the 30 explanation
days have gone by. The delay
will give % allegedly pro-Com-
munist Americans chance to re-
think their position without direct
pressure from their captors. And
the delay will cut down the time
the Red explainers can spend with
anti-C Communist prisoners.
BY the end of the week, how
ever, the American construction
job was almost completed.
The Indians also complained
privately last week that U. N. and
Chinese Nationalist agents were
stirring up riots in the POW COM
bounds. India said she could and
would stop any organized break,
out, though she would try to avoid
Slaughter" India also criticized
South Korean officials who threat
ened last week to "liberate" anti
Communist prisoners from the In
dian "oppressors" and asked the
United States to restrain the Rhee
government.
The United States seemed to
line up with the Indians on their
security measures. Tear gas bombs
and gas masks were issued to the
Indian guards by the U. NJ, and
the United States said it would
stand by truce commitments to
protect the Indian contingent. A
State Department request to the
Rhee government to take it easy
was criticized privately by India
as too mild.
Rules Modified
India indicated modification
of her stand on the explanation"
ground rules last week. The U. N.
had protested forced attendance
at the sessions and forced listen
ing. Indian Gen. K. S. Thimayya,
chairman of the N. N. R. c., con-
ceded that a prisoner could not
in any practical way be made to
listen to a lecture. He said fur
thermore that prisoner could
not be held forcibly at the ex-
plantations site for an unreason-
able length of time. His idea of
what was reasonable seemed to be
a matter of minutes rather than
hours.
AS the week ended, however,
tension in the neutral zone re-
manned. The U. N. side continued
to believe India was playing into
the hands of the Communists. and
the Indians continued to resent
the "unco-operative" attitude of
the Americans. The prisoners
continued to demonstrate.
Evening star., 1953-10-11


a hydrogen explosion in Russia for
a public disclosure of more facts
on the atomic threat. Most per-
sons calling for detailed report
did so because they thought fur
ther defensive steps must be taken
steps that would be demanded by
an informed public.
Information was leaked to the
press last month that the Presi-
dent and other top officials were
preparing talks on the atomic facts
of life. This great disclosure was
to be known as Operation Candor." :"
Two weeks ago, however, "Opera-
tion Candor" seemed to have been
reduced to one speech, to be given
at an undisclosed date by the
President.
AS last week opened, however,
it seemed that some sort of larger
scale operation" might be under
way. One public official after an
other spoke out on the atomic
threat. BY mid-week, the state
ments we're widely being tagged
Operation Confusion" as the Of
f1cials solemnly gave the American
public contradictory opinions
about the atom.
Cole Storted Ii
Rep. Cole of New York, chairman
of the Joint Congressional Com
mittee on Atomic Energy, started
the ball rolling last Sunday when
he told a TV audience the situa-
ton was desperate" He called
for expenditure of another $40
billion for defense against atomic
attack.
On the same day Arthur S. Flem-
ming, head of the Office of De-
fense Mobilization, said in report
that Soviet Russia is capable OF
delivering the most destructive
weapon ever devised by man on
chosen targets in the United
States" The weapon, he specified,
was the hydrogen bomb.
On Tuesday, however, Secretary
of Defense Wilson, another man
in position to know, said a "fair
guess" would be that the Russians
would not have a hydrogen bomb
for another three years. He said
also that the Communists did not
have the planes to deliver an
atomic bomb. Mr.. Wilson dis
agreed with Rep. Coles estimate
of the money needed to defend
America against the threat. 1t
would cost closer to $500 million
to augment the defensive network,
MIR. Wilson said.
But while the Secretary Of De-
fense was deprecating the atomic
threat, the Civil Defense Admin
istrator, Val Peterson, was warn
ing that atomic war was inevlt-
able. But, added Mr. Peterson, the
Russians do not now have a hydro
gen bomb, only a thermonuclear
device which can produce a hydro
gen explosion, but cannot be drop
ped as bomb.
President Ended 1t
On Thursday the contradictory
statements were brought to a
sharp halt. The boss himself in
his usual White House press con-
ference announced sternly, Il
have asked all members of this
administration to refrain from
comment on Soviet nuclear capa-
bilities unless they first check
their statements with the chair
man of the Atomic Energy Com
mission"
The President also reviewed the
official public announcements on
Soviet atomic explosions and then
said:
''The Soviets now possess q
stockpile of atomic weapons Of
Evening star., 1953-10-11

elseS backyard, got all upset last
week at finding few in their own.
The cabinet met, orders in coun-
Gil were issued, the colonial office
bestirred itself, and soldiers and
sailors embarked hastily to show
the flag at a trouble spot of en-
pire.
The dificulty: The left-wing
Evening star., 1953-10-11
POWs

NATIONAL LEADERS of India
~ and of America consider
themselves men of good will, NOR
ally obliged to lend hand wher-
ever a world situation has been
snafued by less altruistic, less
knowledgeable persons. Last week
in Korea, however, the Americans
and the Indians were growing
short tempered as they tried to
press reasonable" points of view
on each other.
Neither thought the other quite
understood the situation of the
non-repatriated prisoners, and
each was inclined to suspect the
motives of the other. The POWs.
meanwhile, we're not about to take
any good will off of any one.
The United States was in the
argument because of a stand it
had taken all through the truce
negotiations. We would never be
a party, the Americans said, to
any agreement that forced anti
Communist prisoners to return to
Red control against their will. We
would protect their right to say
mo-" we promised, come hell or
high water.
Last week American observers,
representing the United Nations in
the Korean neutral zone, were do
ing their best to protect the rights
as America sees them-of the
Chinese and North Korean prison.
ers who did not ask to be re-
patriated.
Indio's Role
India was in the argument be-
cause it has set itself up to be
spokesman for the "neutralS" in
the cold war. They are admirably
suited for this job, the Indians
say, for two reasons: First, their
attitude toward both Russia and
America is objective; second, In
dia has accumulated a great deal
of wisdom during its goodyear
history. Neutral India was given
the job by the U. N. and the Com
munists of heading the commits
sion which now has custody of the
reluctant prisoners.
When the United States had
custody of all U. N. prisoners, the
men were asked if they wanted
repatriation at the end of the war
or if they wanted to be freed in
non-C Communist country. Those
who wanted to go home, $4,000 of
them, were exchanged at Pan
munjom last summer. Of those
who refused repatriation, $4,000
were freed by South Korean Presi-
dent Syngman Rhee, and 22,60O
were taken to the neutral zone and
turned over to the Indian-led Neu-
trail Nations Repatriation Com
mission.
The United States believes
these remaining men have freely
and correctly chosen freedom and
should be permitted to settle, say
on Formosa, as soon as the for
malities prescribed in the truce
agreement have been carried out.
The Other Sides View
The Indians, however, believe
the POWS lacked sufficient infor-
nation on which to base a truly
intelligent decision. Such de-
cision cannot be made the Indians
say, until the prisoners learn their
rights from some diSintereSted
party-India, for inStance-and
also hear what the other side has
to say.
The U. N. claimed the Indians
really assume the POWS want re-
patriation. Gen. Clark, the U. Ms
departing commander, formally
protested that attitude, just before
returning to the States last week
The N. N. r. C. rejected his protest,
India had its own complaints
last week, specifically; That the
U. N. is stalling its arrangements
for the explanations" to the pris-
Evening star., 1953-10-11

two countries, both of which have
been demanding complete control
of Trieste off and on ever since
the end of World War II.
Aside from Yugoslav street
crowds, who showed some DISPOSE
tion to hurl stones at windows of
the British, American and French
Embassies in Belgrade, everybody
seemed reasonably we'll satisfied
with the new situation. Marshal
Evening star., 1953-10-11
British Guionu

THE BRITISH, who maintain
l. Olympian calm when Com
munistS get loose in somebody
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27
Utter Stupidity

1t may be that far removed from Washington D.
c. that do know the workings of the and
congressional mind However do believe know stupidity
when itwheher it be in Minnesota the District of
Columbia We have reference to the carried Mondays
aud radio reports which quotes the report
of Gen. James A. Van Fleet Senate committee Said
ret report quotes the former Korean UN forces commanding
officer stating UN forces in Korea lack ammunition halt
Red offensive.
Now if Van Fleet correct he certainly did his duty in
reporting the situation Congress- but this newspaper thinks
rank stupidity for report be the
world unless of forces today in possession of
sufficient ammunition defend themselves from the Red
forces
We think the release Of any such report this week
earlier in newspapers distinct dsservce
to the thousands American boys nations
who the bateeds in Korea defending the right of
the South Koreans to rule themselves
Why the T. S, opposed it is by ruthless enemy, and
engaged in both hot and cold should constantly reveal
its weakness in armed strength of munitions the
via press is of the amazing exhibitions
headed thinking we have observed
This newspaper believes that the American people
the truth told unpaatab otherwise about its
operations both the home front and in the of the
declared but does not believe that the people the
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27
Employment On Merit

in the past three sessions of the Legislature FEP egisa
ton now called the Employment Merit bills being
stalled in Minnesota House and Senate committees The fate
of the legislation u.s. of course, in doubt.
Many Minnesotans "a per of them, in fact the Min
Poll reports in favor of such legislation Whether
the legislators of the upsurge in sentiment in this
for fairpay all people in employment well in
other areas, is difficult to say.
The sad fact that lawmakers in this state and others
are often so deuged with attention from paid lobbyists of
special interest groups that often they unable hear the
voice of the people.
The fact that FEP legislation is just legislation, and
that right its side will later reach the
seriousness of Minnesota lawmakers the watered
present amendments make does pass 1862
sooner or later law will pass. ...
American cities and states by who believe in
democracy way of life enactng FEP laws and ordn-
Wherever they have been enacted there have been
abuses the labor market has expanded and the minority work
have been given opportunity add their share in labor
in jobs for which they qualified Unity among citizens
has grown by leaps and bounds because people seldom hate
people with whom they work.
Such laws have passed other legislatures and in other
cities including Minneapolis because Americans
bascay fair they know the facts and want that their
neghbors should have a square deal.
If the legislature had mandate to pass law it is
enact the Employment Merit bill unencumbered by
stricons that will make its purpose impossible attain its
primary objective The individual citizen do his bit by
writing his state and his representatives letter
postal card urging passage of the
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27

No ice navos the soft
to bring % kitchen .a.
Country Coming Note: The U. s. almost made
holiday having baby and Arthur
Godfrey impending operation has had newspaper space than
the birth a heir to a European did In the old days
....
fellow Christensen who executive secretary Of
Employers Association, the chief mouthpece
against FEPC legislation, is quite operator.
a panel which will be aired
coming Sunday 20 Who'll at $780, On the
Deinad distinguished Minneapolis attorney for
the question veteran Senator A. setvod of the De-
troit Lakes with Christensen
Typical the way Christensen operates his unfair
hOggng air time We had all agreed three minute
HmnaIy statements. remarks
agreed Christensen spoke for all
freedom
association" and other tOmmyrOt,
We question right position the fact
that he ogged the radio time indicative of the lengths
which he is willing to go to defeat state FEPC bill
OF course, Christensen paid lobbyist has to do
with holds barred don't believe this listen the broad
cast Sunday remembering Otto
the speakers by "hoggng right
does speak well for the which he paid
Cecil Newman
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27

cannot earn their own living,
thereby creating general pros
perity throughout the entire ma
ton.
The Townsend Plan Is offered
as a substitute for the Social
Security Act. These are its salient
features:
/. It would impose q 2 percent
tax against the gross income of
all business. Personal income
would be taxed at a like rate, but
the first $3.50 of earnings each
month would be exempt. Town
sendites argue that this exemp-
ton would protect basic purchas-
ing power, and point out that UNI
der the Social Security Act, the
first dollar Of earned income is
taxed, thus cutting into purchas-
ing power at its very source.
2. The revenue derived from
the gross income tax would be
distributed, in equal amounts, to
all persons eligible under the
plan. These would include all
persons so years of age who re-
tire from gainful employment, the
totally blind, the totally and per-
manently disabled and widows
with dependent children under the
age Of Is.
8. Each recipient would be re-
quired to spend his pension check
before becoming eligible to re-
ceive his next months pension.
Although definite statistics are
not available. II is estimated that
between 100000 and 10000, 900
persons might be eligible and APP
ply for Townsend pensions, and
that based on recent business
volume, monthly pensions would
average about $3.50.
An important feature of the
plan is that monthly pensions
would rise and fall with business
activity. In times of great pros
perity with correspondingly high
prices, pensions would be higher
than in periods of slower business
and lower prices. Thus pensions
would automatically be adjusted
to actual living costs.
The justification for the Town
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27
The Val Washington Abb

The great amount of explaining which Val Washington
sistan the chairman Republican
Negroes to responsible positions masterpiece
We got the impression that Mr. Washington felt Negroes
be impatient about the matter After all says
appointments been
112 appointments have about covered the opanng poymag
jobs And therein lies the disappointment being Negroes
be shufned dealt right top Surely
Negro would holding trump capture
the important positions But afraid the
already
tant" We believe that might Forthcoming
from the Republican reincarnadon
Mr. Washngtons explanation of the Presidents failure
point Negroes cabinet that
portnty learn the cabinet posts
exactly what the bascs" cabinet
where along the line the industrial picked
their "basics"
have spent good portion of their resisting critczng
governmental procedures in the past.
might have been for the spokesman
silent until he had something definite report exploitation
takes the abiding Let's
in a homburg hat-San Francisco REPORTER
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27

security Of its armed forces threatened by revealed by
congressional committees by Pentagon public relations
vices, gabby generals.
How can properly prepare defense against ag-
gresson if continue allow space hunters and headline
seekers uniform Congress bab bab about either
weakness strength
There may be type of strategy in revealing to the
world and Russia that the front lines do have
enough ammunition to Withstand offensive but doubt
seriously 1t looks from this vantage point that such
revelations just plain pigheaded stupidity.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27

send Plan is based on three pre-
misses:
/. The population is growing
older. In 1850, only one in 3s
Americans was past the age of
65. Today one in Is is past IS. In
1900 average life expectancy was
less than so years. Today it is
more than 81 years.
2. More and more machines are
doing the work that men used to
do. The time may well come when
the entire economy viii be operat-
ed on a push-button basis, and a
relatively small number Of high
ly skilled technicians will be re-
quired to perform the bulk of the
nations work. This means that
the best jobs will be reserved for
the young and healthy. Such mar
ginal workers as the aged and the
disabled will not be wanted by in
dustry, This trend is already in
evidence. Whenever the job mar
ket tightens, workers past the
age of As find it difficult to get
employment.
3. The combination of these two
factors-an aging population and
q highly mechanical society--in-
evitably means that a large pool
of aged and disabled persons is
doomed to long years OF idIeness.
Townsend proponents claim that
these idle old and disabled people
can be cared for in only one of
three ways. They can live on their
savings. They can be made wards
Of the state under a system of
charity relief. Or they can be
protected under a system of fed
eral insurance and given decent
pensions.
The Townsend argument is
that it is impossible to save for
old age because of high living
costs and high taxes. Today, of
almost 100000 persons 65
years of age and older, more tran
$500, 900 have absolutely no mon
ey income. 100000 have incomes
of less than $500 a year, and an
other 100000 have incomes
ranging between $500 and 1000.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27
The Truth About The
Townsend Plan As The
Movements Paper Sees II
From the March ! TOWNSEND WEEKLY

The Townsend Plan for National is nonprofit
organization with headquarters Cleveland Ohio. 1t
founded in 1888 by DR.. Francis E. Townsend
Although identified in the public mind pension
ganzaton Townsend proponents regard their plan primarily
program distribute purchasing among those
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1953-03-27

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