davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Camera Angles

"A few weeks ago we ran the
first of series of articles on
darkroom procedure. This, the
second, is designed to give
you an idea of what takes
place when exposed film is
sent through the processing
solutions to become q mega
tive.
When the shutter Of your
camera clicks. an image is re-
corded on the film. It is in
visible. or latent as photog-
raphers term it, and is brought
to life by the chemical proc
ess of development. The
negative image which is thus
produced is subsequently used
to make the positive image on
paper which we know as q
print or picture.
In the negative everything
Is in reverse with the orig
inal scene recording as white.
This may seem a bit confus-
ing when you see your first
negative but when a second
reversal is made during the
printing process the original
colorS of the subject appear
in appropriate terms Of gray
scale and the final picture is
entirely normal in appear
ance.
There are three principal
steps involved in the transfor-
nation Of a seemingly blank
f1lm into a negative. First the
fllm is immersed in a solution
known as the developer. This
makes the image visible. Then
the film is transferred for a
short time to a second solution
which instantly stops develop
ment Of the image. This Is the
short-Stop. From here the
Aim goes into its final chemi-
cal solution which fixes the
image permanently. When it
comes out of its third dipping
1t is the negative from which
prints are made.
The Developer
Obviously the work of the
developer is TO make the latent
or hidden image appear. There
are five principal ingredients
in the developing solution; a
solvent, a reducer, an activator,
q preServative and a reStrainer.
First there is the solvent water
which causes a swelling and
softening of the emulsion so
that the chemical ingredients
can go to work on the exposed
silver bromide crystals locked
within the films emulsion. A
reducer is added to the water
to effect the breaking up Of the
exposed silver salts. A combi-
nation of reducers is usually
used to produce the best re-
suits.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
PhHoteIic News
Postal Officials STRIVING
To Terminate Vandalism
BY jones WoIdo FoWcett

sufficient action to cover this
general situation"
A similar instruction was is
sued by Postmaster General
Arthur e. Summerf1eld as re-
Gently as July 81, 1858: and
collectors have observed con-
siderable, Improvement in the
handling Of mail in recent
weeks. But q few post Offices
still need to be corrected, and
it is in one Of these that
the inquiry initiated by Mr..
Abrams is being conducted.
The Oregon chapter Of the
National Association Of Post
masters has sponsored the
publication Of a book Of ex-
cerpts from more than 200 ad-
dresses delivered by the late
Harrison Parkman, purchasing
agent Of the Post Off1ce De-
partment from June IS, 1888,
until his death on July II,
1851. Many of the speeches
included in the volume were
written for post Office dedica-
tions and reflect the authors
historical researches as well
as his experience as director
Of the Departments building
operations and supplies di-
visions. He had been a civil
engineer in his youth and
never lost his enthusiasm for
the construction industry. But
he also was concerned with
several other lines Of enter
prise. He served as fire mar
shall for the State Of Kansas
and was president Of the Fire
Marshals' Association Of North
America; published the En-
poria Times, q weekly news
paper, and was postmaster at
Emporia, Kans., when William
Allen White was editor Of the
Emporia Gazette. His term as
purchasing agent was the
longest in the Departments
annals to date.
Mr.. Parkman's style as a
writer and orator was unpre-
Evening star., 1953-10-11
By Margaret [. Fisher

were e. p. Cotter- Mrs. M. L.
Fisher and Mrs. Betty Cook
Nat Cooper. the latter duo
topping the field with a 81
per cent game. Runners-up
were Mr.. and Mrs. H. M.
Moloney, Mrs. j. r. McGhee-
Lewis G. Tubbs.
In Section B top scores fell
to DR.. Emily Grewe-Mrs. Les
sic Terry, E. G. Harris-J. T.
McDermott:: seconds to Mrs.
Margaret Rucker-Rush Buck
ley, Fred George-Dr. w. H.
Gorton. Ms first honors in
Section c ended in a tie be-
tween Elizabeth Edelin-Doro-
thy Sitton, Mr.. and Mrs. j. B.
Rintels. Woodrow Halstead-
Lindell Schrum won E-W.
The Women's Auxiliary ad-
vances it's members only"
master point match to Satur-
day, October II. The games
will be held at Sheraton-Park
Hotel at 1890.
Biggest charity bridge event
of the year sponsored by the
Women's Auxiliary, the annual
Schwartz Cup game for benefit
of Children's Hospital, will be
held at the Shoreham Hotel
on Sunday, october 25, at l
and 7 pm. The two-SesSion
duplicate contest is open to all
members of the American Con-
tract Bridge League and their
bridge-playing friends.
Federal Bridge League
Each winning 171a matches
in "a. Mrs. T. M. Boyle, Mrs.
M. r. Reddy, Mrs. John G..
Fletcher and Mrs. H. S. Klein
and Mrs. Jean Ellis, Mrs.
Agnes Fischer. William Hughes.
Harry Siegel tied for, the lead
in the first session of Federal
Bridge Leagues fall team-of-
four series, held Monday.
High pair scores fell to Boyle
Reddy and Gary Arkoian-
Alex Hart. Mrs. Philip Tai
bott-Mrs. Kent Yoke and Ellis
Fischer placing.
For the second successive
time, Gene Metz is the win
ner of the Chess Clubs six
months cumulative high in
dividual average series. Mrs.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
CdmeFd Angles
Curator Lists Chemicals
REQUIRED in q Darkroom
By Alexander J. Wedderburn
cvrotor Of Photography
The Smithsonian Institution

The fast-acting reducers
which go under various trade
names such as Elon have D
tendency to produce an
image rapidly but Of low con-
trast. To correct this, another
reducing agent, hydroquinone,
which produces the image more
slowly but with greater con-
traSt, is added. Combining the
two makes for a suitably fast
reducing action combined with
a brilliant image. 81
Add AIkoli
An alkali must now be added
to produce an alkaline quality
to the developer. This, known
as the activator, is generally
borax, sodium carbonate or q
similar product under o trade
name such as Kodak. This
helps the reducer to function
properly, which it would not
do if the solution were acid or
neutral in character.
A preservative chemical,
sodium sulfite, also goes into
the developing solution to pre-
vent excess. oxidation Of the
reducing agent. Without it
the reducer would quickly oxi-
dize and become inactive. Still
another chemical, potassium
bromide, Is needed to- round
- out the formula. This Is
called the reStrainer and pre-
vents fog by keeping unex-
posed silver grains from devel-
oping.
There are many formulas
used in the preparation Of
developing solutions but all are
basicaIly the same. Below Is
one Of the more popular for-
mulas you can use with COM
f1dence. n
Start with 48 ounces OF
water at about 125 degrees
Fahrenheit. Place this in Q
wide-mouth jar for ease OF
stirring and add these chem
icals in the exact order given.
Drop into the water 72A
grains of Elon or similar re-
ducing, agent. Stir until all
has gone into solution. Then
add ounces, 145 grains OF
sodium sulf1te, dessicated.
Then add 721a grains of hy-
droquinone and stir again.
Now add / ounce, las grains
of Kodiak and when this has
been dissolved add the final
chemical ingredient. potassium
bromide, in the amount OF
141a grains. To this mixture
add enough water to make
exactly one-half gallon of so-
luton. Be sure to mix the
chemicals in the exact order
given. If you depart from this
order the chemicals will not
dissolve properly, and for the
same reason be certain that
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Woshinqtonions Take Top Old Dominion Honors

Crowford's Contract
Bridge
BY John r. Crawford, as
sisted by Fred L. Karpin.
(Grosset & Dunlap; $685.
internationally famed bridge
expert John r. Crawford Of
Philadelphia and Washington
ace Fred L. Karpin have con-
trived to combine under one
cover all Of the essentials Of
bidding and play at contract
bridge that would orient the
veriest beginner and assist the
advanced player to expert
status.
The early chapters lucidly
present the mechanics of the
game to those who have never
played bridge before, while the
major portion of the work Is
directed to the more intricate
phases of the game. The logic
underlying the popular 4-3-2-1
point count in all bidding Sc
quences is clearly presented,
and the proper application of
highly specialized conventions,
such as Blackwood, Gerber,
Stayman, adequately Illus
trated.
The text is we'll indexed and
a glossary Of bridge terminol-
ogy is provided. Of interest to
all players of rubber and tour
nament bridge is the inclusion
Of the latest complete Interna-
tional Code of Laws of Contract
Bridge.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
PhHoteIic News

An official investigation Of
vandalism in one of the largest
and most important post Of
fees in the United States has
been ordered by Assistant
Postmaster General N. r.
Abrams as a result Of COM
plants filed by collectors
against the willful mutilation
of stamps Of philatelic value
in that Office.
The Post Office Department,
as far back as November 5,
1946. accepted the point of
view Of collectors that all pos
tai adhesives have interest and
therefore possess intrinsic
worth and should be respected
as property. This was brought
to the notice Of Department
personnel from coast to coast
and border to border through
the Postal Bulletin and
through special reprints there
from, reading as follows: Not
withstanding the many occa-
sionS upon which the excessive
DETACHMENT Of postage stamps
has been cited for corrective
attention, the Department still
is receiving numerous COM
plants from collectors regard
ing stamps which have been
rendered completely unsatis-
factory for collection purposes.
In most such instances, COM
memorative stamps are in
volved, which should make
mail to which applied readily
recognizable as being Of phila-
telic interest. It is not the in
tention, however, to restrict
careful postmarking to mail
bearing com m e m orr ative
stamps, as 1t Is particularly
desirable that all postage
stamps, 30 far as possible, be
invalidated in a manner which
will permit them to remain
attractive for philatelic use.
Special arrangements made
for the treatment of philatelic
mail when rendered as such
should not be looked upon as
Evening star., 1953-10-11
EnEE THIS AMAZING
FNEE NEW KIND or
STAMP ALBUM

Yes. to make new
friends for Zenith, we
want to send you--ab-
solutely free - this
amazing n e W Stamp
Album | You've never
seen anything like 1t |
Makes 1t easy for any
one to enjoy the worlds
most fascinating. edu-
cational, profitable hob
by. Every single stamp
Is beautifully illustrated
so you know instant
ly where each stamp
belongs. Every set Is
descrfbed-name, year
Contains spaces only
stamps you can get ]
here's o stamp album
plete1y. Regularly $40
FREE. No strings att
your free Album toda.
prevails included. ASK
ZENITH CO
81 Wllloughby St. b
Evening star., 1953-10-11

each chemical Is fully dis
solved before adding another.
II you don't care to mix
your own developer you can
buy it in package form 30 it
can be mixed quickly with
water.
The second solution through
which the Aim passes Is the
the shortstop which instantly
kills the action of the devel-
oper. This will save the fix
ing bath from early deteriora-
tion. The shortstop bath is
made by adding 16 ounces Of
% per cent acetic acid to
enough water to make one
gallon.
Fixing Both III
The image is finally fixed by
placing the negative In q fix
ing bath. An acid hardening
fixing bath is best. The gela-
tin softened in the developer
is hardened by potassium alum
and the alKalinity is counter
acted by acetic acid. Here is
the formula: To 20 fluid
ounces Of water at 125 degrees
F. and 8 ounces Of sodium
thiosulfate or hypo add H2
ounce sodium sulfite, dessi-
Gated. To this add 1Ha fluid
ounces % per cent acetic acid.
Next is " ounce Of boric acid
crystals. Drop in u ounce
potassium alum. When dis
solved, add enough cold water
to make 80 ounces of liquid.
Developing time in the for
mula given previously is about
7 minutes at 68 degrees Fahr-
enheit. Four or five seconds
ing the shortstop will be ample
and the film will clear in
about five minutes and be
fixed in the fixing bath in 10
minutes If the solution Is
fresh,
Evening star., 1953-10-11
PhotoMdtch
To Begin
This Week

The 1854 National High
School Photographic Contest
open to all students in the Ma
tion's ninth, tenth, eleventh
and twelfth gradeS-will get
under way on Wednesday.
Entrants, provided they are
now attending a public, paro-
chial or private school on q
daily basis, may submit as
many pictures as they wish in
any or all Of the five classes
school life activities, out-of-
school activities. sports, ami
mails and pets, and art and
architecture.
The prints-no entry blanks
are necessary - should be
mailed to the National Schol-
lastic Press Association, spon-
Sors Of the contest again this
year, at 18 Journalism build
ing, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, MINI.
The contest, which will end
on March Is, 1854, will be
comprised of four monthly
matches in which entrants
may win first, second and
third prizes in each class of
entry. To be eligible for
monthly prizes, pictures must
be received by the 18th Of the
particular month. If late, the
picture will be included in the
following months judging.
In the final judging-when
all entries are scanned for top
contest winners-a grand prize
of $3.50 will go to the number
one photo. 500 to the second
best and a $50 award to num-
ber three ''in each of the five
classes" officials said, plus 100
special awards of $40 each.
Only prints made from orig
inal black-and-white negatives
may be entered, and each pho
tograph must have the photog-,
rapher's name, address, age,
class and school name on the
back.
Many Of the best entries in
the 1853 contest-including
the top winners-are now part
of a Photographic exhibit
which is touring the Nations
high schools The 1854 entries
will be put on tour next year.
Evening star., 1953-10-11
Club News

Alfred T. Bartlett, of Bris-
bane, Australia, will be on hand
to screen three of his prize
winning movies here tomorrow
at 8 pm. under the auspices
Of the Washington Society of
Cinematographers. The screen
ing will be held at the Review
g. Herald Publishing ASsocia-
ton, Eastern and Willow ave-
nues, Takoma Park. Admission
is free and the public is invited.
The Old Dominion Camera
Club will hold its next meet
ing tomorrow at 8 pm. in the
Buckingham Com m unity
Game Room, 313 North Glebe
road, Arlington. The public
Is invited to attend this meet
ing.
Evening star., 1953-10-11

The annual trophy Of the
General Services Administra-
ton Stamp Club has been
Evening star., 1953-10-11
HOBBY SHOP
We Buy and Sell
COINS-STAMPS
141S Wise. Ave. NV. AID. 2-1272

ALBUMS FOR STAMP COLLECTIONS
Artmaster-U. 8. Covers & Stamps
plate blockS-poSition plate blocks
covers ouly-stamps only
Dansco-4 Star q. s.- Star General
DenhOf--Complete q. q. Stamp Album.
$3.50
Elbe-Blank Albums-Stock Books
Paramount-Monarch
harrls-AlDumS l.OO-1S.76
Lindner-Hingeless Albums-U. 8. COM
mems. - Austria - Germany-Israel-
Vatican. etc.
Minkus-World Wide--Comprehensi -
Master Global-All American, etc.
NaribO-U. 8. Singles-Blocks-Plat
Scott-Modern-Im Observation-Disclosures
- American - National - Specially
Albums
White Ace-Educator Album-U. q. Com.
mem. - -Singles-Blocks-Plat 1res
Observation-Disclosures
CORONATION ALBUMS--Gibbons-
kin-Darracott-Min Ace.
CORONATION STAMPS (1963) 1O6 Com
pleLe @0sOU
JOHN ARNosTI. SPA. A.s.D.A.
71O 14th ST. NV. DI. 1880
Evening star., 1953-10-11

tending. He talked to average
audiences and phraSed his
thoughts for the ready compre-
hension Of average people. Ex-
cerptS from his diary have
been compiled in a book in
tended exclusively for the Ii
brary Of the Post ONCE De-
partment. Much of the data in
the volume published for gen.
eral circulation is Of value to
philateliStS. It Is part Of the
American aspect Of the story
Of "the worlds favorite hobby"
that Mr.. Parkman purchased
from the Bureau of Engraving
and Gin the case of the Over
run Countries Flags series Of
1943-1944) from the American
Bank Note Co. every postage
stamp produced for the De-
partment during his tenure.
He had a stamp and cover col
lection Of his own, and he was
one Of the official representa-
tives Of the. Department at
Emporia, when the White COM
memorative went on sale, July
81, 1948.
Copies Of Addresses Of Har-
riSon Parkman" may be OBJ
tained from Mrs. Mary Horn,
Jennings Lodge, Greg.
The annual trophy of the
General Services AdminiStra-
tion Stamn Club has heen
Evening star., 1953-10-11

awarded to Henry A. Brooks
for outstanding services to the
organization.
J. H. Weimer, Casselberry.
Fern Park, Fla, will stage his
49th precancel auction October
20. Catalogues available.
John r. Boxer of New York
has presented his valuable col
lection Of Bureau Print pre-
cancels to the Smithsonian
Institution.
The Scent Future Farmers
Of America commemorative
will go on first-day sale at
Kansas City, Mo-. Tuesday.
DR.. @. q. Frazier will ad-
dress the Washington Phila-
telic Society at 2017 I street
NV. Wednesday evening ut 8.
He is to discuss the Carroll
Hoy and. Visitors welcome.
The semiannual Junior night
meeting Of the Silver Spring
Philatelic Society will be held
at the Dispensary Building.
Colesville pike and Georgia
avenue. Thursday evening at
1880.
United Nations stamps are
on display, in the Arts and
Industries Building Of the
Smithsonian Institution.
Evening star., 1953-10-11

The model for the Scent New Tercentenary
was released Thursday 1t features strictly
imaginary sketch Of Dutch ship in the harbor
serdam in 1858 with "a light silhouette" Of the New York
skyline Of today In the background The stamp is go
rStday sale I'm connection with the National Show
the list Infantry Regiment Armoy New York City No.
vember 20.
Evening star., 1953-10-08
One-Woy Football ToiIormode
For GWs Versatile Weaver

back. and plays it so we'll that
opposing. coaches read their
scouting reports and then shoot
their passes in some other direc-
ton. He's also the safety man
who runs back puntS.
He's solidly built, in top physi-
cal trim, and takes punishment
without willing. Put them all
together and they spell an all
around player.
The two touchdowns he's
scored so far, out of the five CIV
has made in its two games, show
his versatility. The first one
came in the third period of the
Virginia Military game when
CIV had only 7-6 lead and
really needed another score. He
banged right through the line
for two yards to tally at the end
of a 73-yard march.
He set CIV off on that drive
by returning the kickoff 20 yards
and was responsible for a good
bit OF the running yardage an
the Colonials worked their way
(See CIV, Page C-3)
Evening star., 1953-10-08
Totum Insists Georgia Game
Will Decide Terps' Prospects

SlVe mistakes Tatum feared be-
cause so many of last years Of
fensive stars were playing de-
fense for the first time.
While this is Maryland's key
game, the Bulldogs can not point
to it as such. They have Louisi-
ana State, dark-horse candidate
for the Southeastern title, ahead
next week and North Carolina,
Alabama, Florida, Auburn and
Georgia Tech to follow in that
order.
Maryland has been quoted as
13-point favorite, only a point
less than they were favored over
Clemson last week, a team that
does not appear to be as strong
as Georgia.
The first football weather of
the season stepped up ticket sales
yesterday, but Maryland athletic
officials stress there still are more
than 10000 seats in Byrd Sta
dium. Tickets are on sale at the
Athletic Office and three sports
goods stores, Fairway, Mitchel'S
and Bethesda Sports Mart.
Evening star., 1953-10-08
Rosen Signs Contract;
Salary Put al $4,000
BY the Associoted Press

CLEVELAND, Oct. 8.-Third
Baseman AL RoSen, who led the
American League in home runs
and runs-batted-in this year,
signed his sixth contract today
with the Indians.
Although the Indians followed
their usual custom of not dis
closing salaries, General Man
ager Hank Greenberg indicated
Rosen got a substantial pay raise.
1t is believed RoSen's new sal
airy will be around $4,000.
RoSen set a new Cleveland
record for homers with 43, one
more than Hal Trosky hit in
1886. He drove in 145 runs to top
his nearest competitor, Mickey
Vernon, by %. His batting aver
age was 1886, one behind Vernon,
who led the league in that de-
partment.
Evening star., 1953-10-08
'oI-Styduhur Feud Blamed
By the Assoeioted Press

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 8.-Ad-
mitting there is nothing uneth-
ical in the practice, Los Angeles
Rams players from UCLA said
today they don't like the idea of
being secuted by coaches from
their alma mater.
Capt. Don Paul, star line
backer of the Rams, protested
that Coach Red Sanders of
UCL4A had permitted several of
his assistants to scout the Rams
for the Chicago Cardinals.
Sanders. in vigorous reply,
termed the local controversy
the outgrowth of a feud between
Hampton Pool, head coach of
the Rams. and Joe Stydahar of
the Cardinals, whom he replaced
as Rams coach last year.
Waterfield Criticizes Sanders.
Bob Waterf1eld, retired star
who quarterbacked both the
Rams and the UclanS, brought
the matter to a head yesterday
when he criticized the Sanders
policy.
There are some fine UCLA
graduates on the Ram team
Don Paul, Tom Fears, Leon Nc
Haughlin and Harry Thompson.
And there are plenty of UCLA
fans who are also Ram fans.
How do you think they feel
about the fact that the coach
Of their alma mater is trying to
beat them?" Waterf1eld de-
manded.
Evening star., 1953-10-08
By George Huber

Halfback Bill Weaver of
George Washington US football
team is developing into the kind
of player for whom one-platoon
football was designed.
Weaver, 178-pound, 5-foot-1O
sophomore from Altoona, Pa, is
not a specialist or star in any
particular department. Rather,
he is one of those solid all
around players who does equally
well on offense or defense.
He's fine ball carrier, per-
haps not the best on the team,
but at least among the best. His
passing is adequate, although he
hasn't had much chance to pass
yet in game. He does most of
the teams punting, and while
his average of 33.5 yards doesn' t
rank with the Nations best, he's
doing well enough to satisfy CIV
He also is a pass catcher of
some talent, and already this
season he has pulled in one fol
a touchdown.
Defensively, he plays left half
Evening star., 1953-10-08
Cornell 10 Give
Middies Better
Test Saturday
Good Big Red Team
Put Up Hard Fight
Before Losing to Rice
Special Dispotch to The StCr

ANNAPOLIS, Oct. S.-Navy
football followers will get q
chance Saturday to learn just
how good the team is.
The Middies will be meeting
a good Cornell team at 2 pm.
in Baltimore's Memorial Sta
dium. The Big Red stacks up
as a better test for a Navy team
that was held to a surprise tie
by William and Mary and then
came back with crushing vic
tory over Dartmouth last Satur-
day.
(The game will be broadcast
in Washington over Station
WRC with Joe Croghan and
Ray Michael doing the an
nouncing.)
Defeat Didn't Shame Cornell.
Most observers picked Navy as
an Eastern power before the sea-
son, changed their minds after
the William and Mary game and
are ready to change back again
after the way the Middies routed
Dartmouth.
But Dartmouth isn't Cornell,
Coach Eddie Erdelatz is quick to
remind.
Cornell, which beat Colgate in
its opener, lost, 1876, to Rice
last week. But Rice is ranked
18th in the Associated Press poll
and the score does not tell the
story Cornell trailed by only
one touchdown going into the
final quarter.
Coach Lefty James was more
than satisfied.
Until ten minutes from the
finish we were still in the game"
he says, "and Rice is the fastest
team Cornell has played in many
years and had one of the great
est ground attacks I have ever
seem"
Passing Stressed.
1t is the Navy ground attack,
fourth best in yards gained ma
tionlly, that has James wor-
ried. Erdelatz. however, plans
to do a lot of passing-if he can
get up a passing game in time.
So far Navy's passing hasn't
frightened anybody. Quarter
backs John Weaver, George
Welsh and George Motifs have
completed nine of 20 passes for
(See NAVY, Page C-3.)