davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1953-07-24

creased safety, perfect steering con.
troll over any surface, one-fnger
parking. Power Brakes for faster,
) safer, effortless braking. 100 h.p.
Fire Dome Va engine for all tho
power and acceleration you wantl
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1953-11-21

ARONOVITZ HAS SPENT ALL HIS LIFE FIGHT
ING FOR PEOPLES RIGHTS ABE STANDS FOR
JUSTICE, FAIRNESS, OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL.
ABE HAS ALWAYS WORKED FOR THE BEST
INTERESTS OF THE COMMON MAN.
Evening star., 1953-06-14

AMERICAN MICROSCOPES from the War period to 1895
included this group from the Medical Museum Bottom
1895 Spencer mode by the eompony thot beers the Of the first
American microscope maker. Center left Zenmoyer hos
pto model obou 1887 Center, right: ToIe mode obout
1867 by the second American moker Reor Bullock about 1885
PAGE WASHINGTON MAGAZINE,
Evening star., 1953-06-14
Treasury Of Microscopes

E'RAU JANSEN was face
Il to-face with a terrifying
monster.
Even her widest night
mares hadn't brewed such a
fiendish-looking creature. Its
great, bulbous body was COW
cred by an armor of scaly
plates. Long. wiry hairs shot
out from its back and from
the numerous, nervouSly-
twitching legs. A grotesque,
sucking mouth completed a
picture of horror.
The Dutch housewife caught
her breath and recoiled in
dismay. She had been look
ing through a round metal
object which held two pieces
of glass. Her reaction brought
laughter from her husband,
Hans, and their son, Zacha-
rias. After all, it was only a
flea.
To answer her You won't
find any fleas in my Kitchen"
they had produced a black
speck impaled on a needle,
sliding it under the metal
contraption for her inspection.
The year was 1890, or there
abouts, as the story goes,
when Frau Jansen saw this
magnifled parasite. The JAMS
sens considered their flea
glass" a toy, a creation con-
trived while they ground glass
for spectacleS.
But, in years to come, this
toy was to be transformed
into a potent weapon to rout
the greatest killer of them all
disease. For the Jansen
flea glass was the earliest
known microscope. AS crude
Evening star., 1953-06-14

a single. finely ground lens,
he analyzed the stuff. Amazed
by his findings. he wrote the
Royal Society:
''On April oath, 1876, observ-
ing this water by chance, l
saw therein with great wonder
unbelievably many very small
animalculeS of various sorts.
=. I judged If all of 100 were
stretched out against one an
other, they would not reach
the length of a coarse sand
grain"
Robert Hooke perfected the
outstanding 18th century
microscope. After examining
cork, strips of tree bark, in
sects and plant tissue, he
came up with the word cell"
But not until almost two
centuries later, with vastly
improved instruments, did
scientists expand the meaning
of Hooke's cell to describe the
basic structural unit of all
living matter.
An original Hooke micro
scope and a copy of Leeuwen-
hOek'S are two of the mu-
seum's priced possessions.
1t was 1880 before a micro
scope was made in this coun-
try. instruments created by
Charles A. Spencer and Robert
B. Tolles, the first American
microscope builders, are rep
resented in the collection.
In 1862 the museums doors
were opened, and, one of it's
staff members, DR.. Joseph ].
Woodward, combined a cam
era and a microscope to take
some of the first photographs
of diseased tissues. On exhibit
Evening star., 1953-06-14
BY Meredith S. Buel

as it was, it held the key that
opened a new world of vision
to man.
John Mayall, jr., of the
Royal Microscopical Society of
London, had two copies made
of the original Jansen micro
scope, preserved in Middle
burg, Holland. He sent one
of them here to the old Army
Medical Museum in 1884, along
with several other micro
scopes.
This marked the beginning
of a collection destined to be-
come a great national treas
ure. Now the largest array
of microscopes in the world
is housed in the Medical Mu-
scum of the Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology, Ninth
street and Independence ave-
nue. S.W. Included are copies
of the types of instruments
used by Louis Pasteur and
Nine. Curie, as we'll as the
microscope Walter Reed en-
ployed while curator of the
museum from 1893 to 1902.
Many of them tell a story,
a simple, sometimes amusing
story that nevertheless played
a significant role in the ad-
vancement of medicine. For
instance. the question, What
makes pepper hot?" led to the
discovery of bacteria.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a
Dutchman with Unsuitable
curiosity, shook pepper into
some water and let it soak for
several weeks. Then, under
his microscope equipped with
Evening star., 1953-12-01

of segregation. The Delaware
case differs from the others in
that it is an appeal by State Off
cials from a State Supreme Court
ruling that Negroes must be ad-
mitted to white schools in Will
mington.
Non Ratification Cited.
State officials, in their brief
two weeks ago. said the case did
not raise constitutional issue.
The reply brief yesterday con-
tended it did. It noted that
Delaware never ratified the 14th
amendment and that Negro edu-
cation in that State has always
suffered from constitutional and
statutory enactments which are
the heritage of a slave system"
Still another brief was filed
late yesterday. 1t came from
the American Veterans Com
mittee and was prepared by the
organizations legal counsel,
Phineas Indritz.
1t contended that segregation
in schools violates constitu-
tional guarantees. "even when
the discriminatory effect of
segregation can be described as
solely psychological" It said
that people in the District are
ready for and will accept racial
integration."
It urged that the school chill
dren involved in the present
cases be allowed to enter white
schools as soon as possible. in
the event of abolition of segre-
cation. It suggested that here
and elsewhere the court make
no requirement with respect to
geographic school zones or the
choice by children as to which
school they will attend"
mo gradual process should
deprive any individual child of
personal and present rights un-
der the Constitution" the brief
concluded, land it should not
serve any local bodies with an
excuse for interminably drag
ging their heels. But we think it
is unnecessary for the court to
espouse a formal policy Of grad
,ualiSm now."
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Board Urged 10 Admit
Schools Aren't Equal

The Board of Education has
been asked by six Washington
organizations to state that it is
unable to provide equal educa-
ton without regard for race
under the present dual school
system.
The request was made in a
letter yesterday by the American
Veterans Committee. Anti-Defa-
nation League of B'nai Birth,
Catholic Interracial Council of
Washington, Commission on
Community Life Of the Wash
ington Federation of Churches.
Jewish Community Council of
Greater Washington and the
District Branch of the National
Association for the Advance
ment of Colored People.
"We respectfully urge the
Board of Education to declare
publicly by formal resolution that
despites it's consistent effort to
provide equal education it has
been and is at present unable
to administer the public schools
in such a manner to provide the
same educational opportunity for
Negro children as its provided
for white children" said the
letter.
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Would Remand Cases
To Respective Courts

= The soundest suggestion
that counsel for respondents
can make to the court con-
corning the nature of the or
der, if unconstitutionality is
to be decreed. is that the court
make recognition of the neces-
sity for proper preparation and
changes which appear essen
tial to perfect integration in
all Jurisdictions and remand
the cases to the respective dis
trict courts with instructions
for such courts to prepare de-
crees directing the immediate
commencement of such prep
aration, with periodic investi-
cation by the district courts
of the progress thereof, with
direction that integration be
commenced at the earliest pos
sible date and that complete
integration be accomplished by
a definite future date.
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Plans Begun for Lighting
Tree on White House Lawn

Planning for the lighting of
the National Community Christ
mas Tree on the White House
grounds has begun with appoint
ment of committees.
The affair is sponsored jointly
by the District Recreation De-
partment, the National Capital
Parks Office, the American For
estry Association and the Great
er National Capital Committee.
District Commissioner Samuel
Spencer was named to head the
national committee. Milo F.
Christensen of the District Rec
reation Department, Edward j.
Kelly, superintendent Of the Of
flee Of National Capital Parks,
and Robert B. Spencer OF the
American Forestry Association
were named co-chairmen of the
executive committee.
Bryson Ras h. WMAL-TV news
commentator! was named chair
man Of the committee on radio
and television.
Evening star., 1953-12-01

children. 1t must be remem-
bered that participation in rec
reation is on voluntary basis.
whereas attendance at school is
compulsory"
The Virginia brief, while deny
ing that the Supreme Court has
authority to abolish segregation
and holding that this could be
done only by individual State
Legislatures, or by Congress in
the case of the District. had this
to say:
This court may permit an
effective gradual adjustment If
it should find that school segre-'
cation must be abolished. Pre-
cipitate action would make edu-
cation impossible and do irrep-
arabic harm to all children in
the schools.
Halt Seen in Schooling.
"We venture to suggest that if
immediate amalgamation were
ordered in Virginia schools, they
could not reopen for IL months.
"The facts of this case made
it clear beyond dispute that, if
segregation is to go, it should
not be overthrown by precipitate
disregard of the interests of the
school children who, in the last
analysis, must look to this court
for protection from educational
chaos.
mo matter how it is done, to
abolish segregation by court de-
cree will be followed by difficult
ties that can hardly be over
estimated. There are difficulties
of physical equipment and diff
culties in emotional conflicts.
The school system Of Virginia
will suffer a body blow from
which it would require years to
recover. ;"
The brief left no doubt that
Virginia officials want the court
to limit its ruling to the circum-
stances of the case involving
school segregation in Prince Ed
ward County.
The brief received yesterday
from Delaware was a supple
,mentary statement by opponents
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Arlington Gas Station
Robbed Of 500 by Trio

An Arlington gasoline filling
station operator was held up
and robbed of more than $100
about $3.50 am. today.
Detective Captain Dudley Rec
tor said Chester A. Carroll, Of the
Burr Heishman's station at 1903
Lee highway. reported three
youths took the $100 plus money
from his change carrier.
Mr.. Carroll said the trio had
stepped from a car and one who
wore q mask told him, I'VE don't
want no funny stuff. This is a
stickup. Hand me the money" !"
Another youth, holding a gun,
took the change carrier. Mr..
Carroll said. Then the three
got back INTO the car and fed.
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Excerpts of District Views
On School Race Segregation

The following excerpts are
from the District GoUern-
ntent's brief. filed in Supreme
Court in preparation for oral
arguments 1,eTt 1DeeE on cases
inUolUing racial segregation in
public schools
1t would seem that in order
to round out and perfect the
regrouping of 100000 children
in a community as far south
as Washington, proper indoc-
trination of the $500 teachers
in the principles of inter-group
relations is a prerequisite. Not
only would such an educa-
tional program amongst this
number of teachers consume
a substantial amount of time
for the teachers themselves,
but the problems of locating
suitable instructors in the sub
ject and of financing the pro-
gram are important consider
ations. The latter item would,
of course, require appropria-
ton of funds by the Congress
both for the salary of the
teachers while in training and
for paying their instructors.
The amount of time necessary
to obtain such appropriations
is unpredictable.
A second major considera-
ton in effecting integration of
the dual school system in the
District of Columbia is the
matter of teacher replace
ments and promotions.
In the District of Columbia
Teachers Salary Act of 1945
$50 Stat. 488, approved July
81, 1945) separate boards of
examiners and separate chief
examiners for the white and
colored schools were provided
for, and subsequent enact
ments District of Columbia
Teachers Salary Act of 1947
and an amendment thereto in
195D repeated and extended
such provision. Pursuant to
these Acts of Congress. rules
were promulgated by the
Board of Education of the Dis
trict of Columbia under which
separate examinations for
teachers have been conducted
and separate eligible lists COM
piled
Evening star., 1953-12-01

the citizen witnesses, Malcolm
D. Miller, representing the Ar
lington County Civic Federation,
the question of a public subsidy
for public transportation was
raised by Senator Morse.
The Senator said he realized
subsidy was "a horrible word"
but he said he thought the sub
ject should be considered. He
said he had reached no con-
clusiori on such a move, but
said IL private industry in a
regulated public transportation
service was to be protected, and
if, under regulation, could not
make a success under required
service and regulated rates, then
he asked why the public should
not come through with a con-
tribution.
Mr.. Miller said he agreed with
Senator Morse that emotional
reactions" should not determine
the point, even though some
might call a subsidy socialism"
Mr.. Miller said he did not
know if a subsidy was the an
swcr, but agreed it should be
considered.
Backs Regional Board.
Mr.. Miller fully indorsed pro-
posals for the creation of a re-
gional commission with author
ity to regulate transit services
throughout the Metropolitan
Area.
He warned. however, there
were difficulties as to integral
ing such control with, Virginia.
He said this was because the
Virginia State constitution con-
tains fiat prohibition against
the States surrending its con-
troll over public utility services
within the State. +; Il
1.-THE Virginia constitution"
Mr.. Miller said. ais extremely
difficult to amend and at min
imum it would take a long, long
time, as well as being uncer-
tain"
The solution. he said, lies with
congressional action and he con-
tended that Congress could Gre
ate such a commission because
intra State transit services in
Virginia did not affect inter-
State transit between nearby
Virginia and the District.
Seeks Increased Volume.
He spanked the interest Of
Senator Morse with declara-
ton that the mere creation of
a regional control commission
would not solve all of the prob
lens. Regulatory bodies, he
said, tend to take the negative
approach. There must be aff1r-
NATIVE steps taken, he added, to
bring larger volume of the
public back to use of mass trans
portation. Only through in
creased volume, he said, was
there any major hope for reduc-
ing fares.
Fred w. Cast. representing
the Prince Georges County Civic
Federation and the Allied Civic
Group of Montgomery County.
also Endorsed the regional con-
troll plan.
He said no progress could be
made in providing adequate
Metropolitan Area transporta-
ton without such commission.
Mr.. Cast told the subcommit-
tee it costs 78 cents for a round
trip fare for a trip of S1a miles
to come into the District from
Maryland in some instances.
He conceded Capital Transit's
claim of an annual loss from its
Maryland operations of about
$150,000.
Comedies Maryland Losses.
In answer to questions from
Albert E. Conradis, he said Cap
ital Transit. if it wanted to,
could cut out all of its Mary
land lines, because it could show
to the Maryland Public Service
Evening star., 1953-12-01

Commission they were operated
at a loss.
Joseph D. Malloy, chairman of
the public utilities committee of
the Federation of Citizens AS
sociation. said he was appearing
as an individual. He said a
comprehensive study should be
made by skilled examiners since
the present separate systems "is
not the answer to the problem. "
Mr.. Malloy quoted Herbert P.
Leeman. former federation pres
ident, as advocating the restora-
ton of the post of Peoples Coun-
sci before the District Utilities
Commission.
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Egypt Sends Mission
Behind Iron Curtain
BY The Assoeioted Press

CAIRO, Egypt, Dec. Egypt
sent of a 10-man mission for an
extensive tour of the Soviet Un-
ion and its satellites today to
bolster trade with nations be-
hind the Iron Curtain.
The group was headed by
Brig. Hassab Ragab. in charge
Of munition factories as under
secretary of state at the war
ministry. His appointment
sparked speculation that the mis-
sion also may be seeking arms
from Eastern Europe, but there
were no official confirmation.
Evening star., 1953-12-01
; Boys Caught
Car
Freed by Court
Judge Beurd Rules
Car Without Tags
Was Abandoned

Any car left on a vacant lot
without tags is legal prey for
vandalS, Municipal Court Judge
Edward A. Beard indicated to-
day.
The jurist then found three
youths with long juvenile rec
ords not guilty on charges of
tampering and attempted lar
ceny.
The youths are Curtis Cole
man, 20, of the 100 block of
Second street Sc: John Ma
thaniel Bell. 18, of the 900 block
Of Third street Sc, and Leslie
Britton, l9, of the first block of
Virginia avenue S.W. All are
colored.
Saw Boys Take Radiator.
Judge Boards decision came
after Fourth Precinct Detective
Alton Thomas testified he saw
the youths taking a radiator
from a car owned by Roy
Thompson. 1880 Union street
S.W., which was parked in a
vacant lot in the 300 block of
Aliens court S.W. November ID.
Mr.. Thompson testified he left
it there few months ago be-
cause he didn't have the money
to buy tags for it. But, he added,
he had not abandoned the 1945
vehicle.
Judge Beard then asked. with
regard to the tampering charge,
when does an auto cease being
a vehicle?"
The judge declared the car
had no tags. He said the owner
made no complaint when the
cars generator disappeared pre-
viously.
That indicates to me that the
car was abandoned" he said.
Furthermore. he said, the tam
pering charge applies only to Ii
censed cars parked on the public
streets.
Regarding the attempted lar
ceny charge, Judge Beard de-
clared the owner of the property
had not given permission to MIR.
Thompson to leave the car there.
He said the property owner had
the right to take the car and
"the owner of the land has no
less rights than the boys" to it..
Judge Beard rendered a not
guilty verdict and said the boys
had no criminal intent.
Police Records Listed.
Detective Thomas and Assist
ant Corporation Counsel Clark F..
King listed the police records of
the youths. They said Coleman
had a juvenile record including
destroying private property, TAX
ing property without right, de-
stroying Government property,
two charges of grand larceny,
three counts of pocketbook-
snatching and attempted pocket
book-snatching, housebreaking,
unlawful entry and petty larceny.
They declared his record dates
back to 1914, when he was II
years old.
Bell: Two counts of petty lar
ceny and two counts of house.
breaking. The officials said he
is at present on parole for
housebreaking from the National
Training School.
Britton: Two charges for un-
authorized use of vehicles.
Leaving the courthouse, De-
tective Thomas commented to
newSmen: :"How can we clean
up Southwest if this goes on?"
Behind him the three youths
shook hands with each other and
laughed
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Revolutionary Changes
For 18 Separate Areas

There is, therefore, every
reason to believe that the
problem of adjustment, in the
event of such a ruling, would
be of no less magnitude in the
13 remaining jurisdictions in
which there is separation in
the schools by races than in
the five which are now before
the court. Each such juriS-
diction would be obliged to
work out the details of adjust
ment through legislation, ad-
ministrative changes. educa-
tion of teachers, education of
the public, etc.
In other words, 18 separate
political subdivisions of the
United States would be obliged
to make revolutionary changes
in what has been described as
"a way of life" The practical
impossibility of framing de-
tailed DEGREES to effect such
vast changes in so many places
is at once apparent.
Obviously, the forum for the
preparation and direction of
the transformation, if such a
change is to be made. is the
district court in each jurisdic-
ton. Here there are readily
available facilities and rules
for the taking of testimony,
for informal conferences for
the working out of intimate
details that may be necessary
indeed, for the judicial
knowledge of local conditions
so essential to effect adjust
ments in such a major and, at
the same time. sensitive area
The time that may be neces-
sary to accomplish complete
irltegrat1on of the school sys-
tenn in the District of Colum-
bia cannot here be foretold.
Perhaps by cooperation be-
tween the leaders of Congress
and local authorities, both ad-
ministrative and judicial. the
changeover could be effected
in a short time.
Evening star., 1953-12-01
No Feasible Way
To Combine Lists

There is no feasible way to
combine the two lists, eligibles
on which have, in some in
stances, preferential employ
ment rights under the rules
for as long as three years.
Such rules have the force and
effect of law. =. Without cor
rective legislation. the conflict
of rights of the eligibles on the
two lists would probably lead
to extended litigation and. in
decd. necessary appointments
of teachers could not be ac-
complisl.ed. Z,
It is not believed that, in
the event the dual school sys-
tenn in the District of Colum-
bia should be declared uncon-
stitutional, this court should
formulate a detailed decree,
and. accordingly, it follows
that there is no necessity for
the court to appoint a special
master to hear evidence with
a view to recommending the
terms for a detailed decree.
It, of course, is not known
to counsel for respondents
whether the court will hold un-
constitutional the dual school
systems involved in all of the
cases now before it. 1t is as
sumed that, since the Fifth
Amendment, which applies to
the District of Columbia, con-
tains no equal protection"
clause as does the 14th Amend
ment, which applies to the
States, const tutionality
cannot be found here unless it
is also decreed in the State
cases.
Would Create Vast
Problems in Jurisdiction
A holding by the court Of
unconStitutionality of separate
Evening star., 1953-12-01

and Negro children would pre-
sent vast and varying prob
lens in the five jurisdictions
involved. Accordingly. the
framing of detailed DEGREES
would be task which, frankly.
it is not believed the Supreme
Court is equipped to work out
unless it should have testi-
mony on the needs in each of
the five jurisdictions through
the medium of a court-ap-
pointed special master.
But if the court should de-
cree the separate school sys-
TENS in the five Jurisdictions
before it to be unconStitu-
tional, it is obvious that the
whole question of the separa-
ton of the races in public
school education would be set
tied throughout the United
States-indeed, such a ruling
might we'll affect the validity
of all laws providing for sep
arate but equal treatment of
different races in areas other
than that of public education.
Evening star., 1953-12-01
Would Create Vast
Problems in Jurisdiction

A holding by the court Of
unconstitutionality Of separate
systems of schools for white
Evening star., 1953-12-01

sees EOSSIDic OOnHlcLSs
In suggesting that integration,
II ordered. should be rounded
out and perfected" instead of
being put Immediately into ef-
feet. the brief stated:
"We make no dire predictions
Of widespread bloodshed among
intermingled pupils of the two
races, but past experience in the
field of local recreation leads to
the conclusion that some con-
hict is possible. if proper prep
aration is not made and if super
vising personnel are not ade-
qpately trained to guide the