davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-08-19
Bradley Hits Administration S
Economy Policies on Defense

6. That a protracted period of
world tension lies ahead and the
United States cannot possibly
win the cold war without strong
and friendly allies.
7. That Korea was the Soviets'
worst mistake, and the free ma
tions are far stronger now, by
comparison with their oppo-
nents, than in June, 1850.
Favors Production Spread.
Gen. Bradley referred to "re-
cent TALK in the Defense Depart
ment of narrowing the produc-
tion base to cut the cost per unit.
He pointed out that even dur
ing the darkest months of the
Korean war, former Secretaries
of Defense Marshall and Lovett
held out for an orderly, steady
spread of the defense base to
include many factories through
out America.
They felt, he said, that we
should prepare for "the long
pull" with the aid of widely
dispersed manufacturers capable
OF quick expansion in an all-out
emergency. This factor, Gen.
Bradley felt, should be carefully
balanced against any savings in
unit cost through mass produc-
ton at concentrated points.
"The narrower base of produc-
ton cannot be expanded as rap
idly" the general wrote q. and
is extremely dangerous because
it is more vulnerable to attack"
Cites Economy Wave.
In reporting on his four years
as the first chairman of the jos,
Gen. Bradley pointed to the
strong economy wave in this
country in late 40 and early so.
"The Presidents advisers and
Secretary of Defense Louis John
son decided that the country
could not afford. and the people
would not stand for, a defense
budget of more than $13 billion
a year."
The first estimate of the jos,
however. was over $40 billion,
later reduced to SIT billion after
careful screening. When the
President and Secretry johnson
Evening star., 1953-08-19

ter which should have been
quietly and discreetly settled
within the appropriate depart
mentS. but occurred under kleig
lights of publicity highly det-
rimental to securing respect
for the United States, without
which there can be no author
ity.
Concomitantly, the economy
moves of the administration
were taken wholesale and in
general without regard to
specific situations. They re-
Quired the sudden reduction
of embassy. consulate and
USIS staffs, particularly af-
fecting the efficiency of new
ambassadors and ministers
who had not yet had time
to feel their way into the situ-
alton of the country to which
they were accredited. The AM
baSSador to Rome, for instance,
who arrived just before highly
critical elections, has had to
dismiss 80 per cent of chan
Gerry employees, thus beginning
her work in a generally un-
happy atmosphere. Where
these were Italians, the po-
litical effect of dismissal slips
in a country where unemploy-
ment is endemic could not be
favorable to America.
Added to this was the cut
back in American aid, which
also Immediately preceded and
accompanied the Italian elec-
ton campaign.
Insofar as American policies
may have contributed to the
defeat of Premier de Gasperi.
these were, believe, the chief
factors. But they were negli-
gible in comparison with other
factors purely Italian.
Evening star., 1953-08-19

ito see that all our military plans
were adequate to cope with the
challenge of any enemy.
1--WE four were professional
military men, brought up in an
America safe behind its oceans.
and trained in the concept that
war is war, and peace is peace.
"The idea of cold war'-a
worldwide pressure, tension and
creeping aggression. directed by
an impacible and secretive
tyranny-was almost as new to
us as to the American public.
"And a further Soviet tech
nique-War by satellite-was not
to be unveiled until the attack
on Korea 10 months later"
Gen. Bradley called attention.
however, to the fact that the new
jos has had active, global ex-
perience in the new methods of
aggression.
The new concept runs con-
trary to the idea of Fortress
America" as advanced by those
who would base all our forces
on the continental United
States, the general wrote.
He quoted Gen. Eisenhower as
pointing out in a recent speech:
g. all free nations must stand
together, or they will fall
separately"
The Kremlin leaders, in the
generals opinion, made "gigan-
tic miscalculations" in launch
ing their satellites into the Ko-
rean aggression" They took
dreadful losses" but "the COM
muniStS seem to bear lightly the
loss of mere human lives"
The really serious blow they
suffered, the general wrote, was
that during three years the
soft world they dreamed of con-
quering has turned into a hard
world-and it's getting harder.
The Korean attack, planned by
them as softening up operation,
Evening star., 1953-08-19
By w. H. Shippen

The administrations SIS billion
cut in next years defense budget
was publicly criticized today by
the newly retired chairman OF
the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Gen. Omar N. Bradley, who
stepped down only three days
ago as the Presidents top mill
tary adviser, warned that such
economies may turn out to bC
more dangerous than the habit
of dollar extravaganza"
The general pointed out that
the goal worked out by the jos
in 1851 was designed to provide
only relative" safety to meet
a type of continuing aggression
wholly new to Americans-"wal
by satellite"
This goal was to have been
reached next year, the general
said, but former President Tru-
man cut back the post-Kores
recommendations, and now the
new administration has further
reduced defense funds.
Sees Further Delay.
Gen. Bradley wrote in the cur
rent issue of The Saturday Eve
ming Post:
1.-The new Secretary of De-
fense, Charles E. Wilson, backed
by President Eisenhower, has
decided to cut next years defense
budget by something over $5
billion.
"It would appear that this will
further delay the date at which
we will reach the force goals
recommended by the jos, or re-
suit in a reduction of these goals.
"At first glance this looked to
me like coasting before you reach
the top of the hill. Personally, I
would be inclined to keep the
pressure on-from a security
viewpoint-until we reach a
higher level of readiness and Sc
curity."
In the circumstances, the gen.
eral continued, "of greatest i'm
portance'is the promise that the
new jos will re-survey the en-
tire situation, and, if they find
the new budget imposes unwise
risks, that corrections and addi-
tions be promptly made"
Narrow Base Dangerous.
The general made these points
in the first of two articles he has
written for the magazine:
/. That to narrow the defense
production base "is extremely
dangerous"
2. That the Korean war in
June, 1850, quickly proved the
United States economy could
stand defense expenditures many
times higher than the $13 billion
then called the maximum.
3. That jos recommendations
should be based on security needs
and not curbed in any way by
economic assumptions better left
to Congress and civilian advisers.
4. That he personally made
this mistake before Korea when
he testified on the S13 billion
budget and told Congress the
jos would have asked for more
if they had thought the country
could afford it at the time.
5. That the SovietS have devel-
oped a new technique, war by
satellite" which was as new to
American military men before
Korea as it was to the public.
Evening star., 1953-08-19
Thonos L. Stokes
Ihonds L. Stokes-
Politics and Pub|ic-PoWer Po|icv
Interior and Federal Power Commission Friendly
And the Private Utilities Are Ready for the Picnic

When Undersecretary of In
terror Ralph A. Tudor was
asked, during a press confer
ence at which he outlined the
Eisenhower administrations
public-poWer policy. how it
differed from that of the
Roosevelt Truman administra-
tionS' he declined to specify,
saying that the new policy is
the important thing.
AS it is, naturally. But also
important is it's difference
with the policy pursued by the
Roosevelt and Truman admin
istrationS. For the public knows
how. under that, the electric
power potential of our Nation
was expanded and electricity
distributed on a scale never
before seen anywhere in the
world and its cost lowered so
that electricity became within
the means of nearly every
body.
That was accomplished, as
the public also knew. against
the constant resistance of the
private utilities. They pre-
ViouSly had enjoyed virtual
monopoly which they had ex-
plotted to the limit. Like any
monopoly it had become apa-
thetic about developing new
opportunities and expanding.
Now it is obvious to the
public that the utilities are
very influential here again.
The public has become suS-
piciouS and that was reflected
in the reporters question about
the difference in policy to Un-
derSecretary TUDOR, who was
filling in for Secretary Douglas
Mckay who, himself, is still
away on a prolonged visit to
Oregon, his home, and the Pa
cific Northwest.
The evasions among top
Interior Department officials,
the double talk, the gun-Shy
attitude-all have contributed
to public suspicion that the
utilities really do have strong
voice in policy. This is con-
firmed. in fact, in the new
statement on policy. In some
very skillful language. it
clearly places restrictions
hereafter on expansion of
public power and on the pub
lie control hitherto exercised
through electric co-ops in
ownership of their own trans
Evening star., 1953-08-19

had precisely the opposite ef-
feet"
The Reds have lost rather than
gained territory, and America
is safer and stronger now than
when the war began.
Let no one say that the fight
ing men who achieved such a
result sacrificed themselves need
lessly. Those who fell died for
as good a cause, and as nobly,
as any man who ever fought un-
der the American flag.
The question now is whether
we will hold and improve the Sc
curity these men have won for
us, or whether, bit by bit, we will
begin to let down our guard as
after all our conflicts of the
past"
Evening star., 1953-08-19
rthy in Britain

came to England, cleared" by
the British so that, when he
came to work on the atom
project In the United States,
he was immune from suspicion
as a spy?
Why also was it possible for
two Communists actually to be
part of the British Foreign Of
flee for so many months with
out. being caught? Although
Donald MacLean and Guy Bur-
CESS were both Communists
and known among their friends
to be CommunistS-they were
entrusted with diplomatic jobs.
MacLean was in charge of
the American desk in the Lon
don Foreign Office for a long
time. He examined daily the
most confidential and secret
cables, documents and notes
being transmitted by our De-
partment of State to the Brit
ish government. Both men
now have escaped behind the
Iron Curtain but to this day
the full story of how they got
into the Foreign Office and
the damage they did has never
been told to the British people.
Certainly if ever a Mccarthy
was needed to prod officials
into telling the people how
the Foreign Office itself was
duped at a critical time in
postwar history, it is in Great
Britain.
The antagonism Of the Brit
ish people to Communists in
their government is just as
deep-Seated as is that of the
American people. But a smoke
screen may have been placed
over possible investigation of
Communists there by the out
cry about "McCarthyism" in
America. Maybe that's why
the Wisconsin Senator is be-
ing played up entirely out of
all proportion to his real i'm
portance-to keep any British
McCarthys from investigating
what is going on in Great
Britain.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1953-08-19
David lawrence
Editors Note: Read lDhdt
Dorothy Thompson has to
say on the same subject.

Editors Note: Read lUhGt
Dorothy Thompson has to
say on the same subject.
For several months now
Europeans have been filling the
ears of visiting Americans with
the cry that never has Ameri-
can prestige been lowered
so much" as it has been by
Senator Mccarthy.
Maybe it's time for some
Americans who get of the boat
in Europe to tell the reporters
there: "We've got news for
you-never has European
prestige been as low in Amer
lea as it is today"
The havoc wrought in
France by the strikes in
which communistic organiza-
tions played large part. and
the manner in which the Com
munist Party recently helped
to upset the government in
Italy, together with the way
the British Parliament is
pressing for the admission of
Red China into the United Ma
tions, Notwithstanding Ameri-
can opposition-all this is cer-
tainly not increasing European
prestige in America. It all
adds up to the fact that Com
munist influences in European
governments are growing and
Europe hasn't produced any
McCarthys to clean them out.
Norman Thomas is the latest
of the tourists to get off the
boat in New York and tell the
reporters there that American
prestige is very low in Europe.
He says it is not only because
of Mccarthy but because
American financial aid to
Europe is being cut down un-
wisely. The former Socialist
candidate for the presidency
apparently doesn't hesitate to
measure the drop in American
prestige on a dollar basis. He's
right about that yardstick at
least.
But when it comes to meas
Evening star., 1953-08-19

mission lines from public
projects. 1t opens the way for
private utilities to grab power
sites, such as Hell'S Canyon
along the Snake River on the
Idaho-Oregon boundary, and
to take over facilities, including
transmission lines, and thus
control rates, which, of course,
means higher rates. It is all
done through pretty words
about partnership of the
States and local communities,
private citizens, and the Fed
eral Government, all working
together" While processing to
bring about local initiative and
responsibility, it does just ex-
actly the reverse by imposing
limitations on the freedom of
action of people in local COM
munities.
Just why the administration
picked this particular time to
try to explain it's public-power
policy is not known, though it
may be Surmised that it is be-
cause of the criticism in the
last session of Congress and
the public suspicion that
aroused. 1t is interesting that
the two previous administra-
tions did not have to explain"
their policy. Action spoke for
them. When what you are
doing satisfies the public you
don't have to issue long state
ments in explanation.
AS to the difference in policy
then and now, this reporter will
attempt to answer the question
that Undersecretary Tudor
skipped.
There is basic difference.
The Secretaries of Interior in
the Roosevelt and Truman
administrations-the late Har-
old L. Ickes and Oscar Chap
man-regarded the function
of Government to represent
the public interest and work
actively for that. The new
administration takes. on the
other hand. passive attitude,
in which case naturally, so far
as electric power is concerned,
the utilities, with all their po-
litical power. get the advan-
tage, since the public lacks a
champion of sufficient coun-
teracting power in the Gov
ernment. This is aptly illus
stated in the Hell's Canyon
case. Secretary Chapman in
Evening star., 1953-08-19

on the same subject.
ROME.-Not only in Italy,
but everywhere else, a new
American administration adds
an element OF uncertainty to
the international situation. If,
as in italy, critics have accused
us of trying to influence the re-
cent elections. they forget the
passionately partisan interest
with which Europeans fol-
lowed the American elections
and the disappointment, pub
licly expressed in the European
press. particularly in the Brit
ish, at Stevenson's defeat. The
nature Of American-European
relations is such that we are
inexorably tangled up in each
others political affairs.
But the first six months of
the Eisenhower administra-
ton added to the uncertainty
as it became clear that mem
bers of the Presidents own
party are his worst problem in
Congress, that he is dependent
for support of his most cher
ished policies on Democratic
votes, and that his position
vis-a-vis Congress is weak. Any
sign of administrative weak
ness in Washington adversely
affects the prestige of America
abroad. 1t is odd that Congress
seems impervious to this when
it is so keenly aware of the
international repercussions of
disunity among the leaders of
the Soviet Union.
That is the real significance
of Senator McCarthy'S at
Evening star., 1953-08-19
Dorothy Thompson
Decline Of American Prestiqe
CoIunnist BIones 1t on Mccarthy Purges, Congress
And Economies That Hit Europeon Motions Hard
Dorothy thompson

Editors Note Read l0hdt
DaDid Laurence has to say
on the same subject.
Evening star., 1953-05-23
New HossIe Arises Oyer Battery Additive

Bureau of Standards had been
that they themselves were under
orders not to discuss AD-X2.
and therefore it would be unfair
If I could present my arguments
without their being able to dis
cuSs them or even ask questions.
=. It was my understanding
that the ban was self imposed,
in which case the bureaus atti-
tude in trying to silence me was
hardly q reasonable one.
'Dr. Mahan was, however, in
sistent that ! withdraw my pa
persand told him that I agreed
to do this, but under protest"
DR.. Mahan and the Philo-
sophical Society's Executive
Committee gave q low-pressure
account Of the incident. They
announced that DR.. Ladder
"graciously" agreed to withdraw
from the program.
According 20 the interpreta-
ton Of letters from the Secretary
Of Commerce" DR.. Mahan said,
'it would be in bad taste for
members Of the bureau staff to
participate in such q discussion
at the present time.
Evening star., 1953-05-23
New Guided Missile?
Surgery on Siomese Twin, ~,
Called First in Medical Annals
Sisters Anesthetized for Operation;
Condition of Both Is Excellent

Holyoke, Mass, are Joined at the
base of the spine. and have, in
effect, a common circulatory
system. They were administered
penathol and cycloprane for the
operation.
A special operating arrange
ment-two tip-type operating
tables moving both up and down
and Sideways-waS used. A Spe-
cial mattress covered the metal
extensions between the tables.
The mattress, used when the
Gibb sisters were patients at
the hospital in 1916, was brought
out of a storeroom for them.
Born in Holyoke on May 20,
1912, to a Scottish born mill
operatives wife, Mrs. John r
Gibb. they appeared for many
years on the stage. In recent
years they have operated a shop
in Holyoke.
On two former occasions their
parents and doctors decided
against an attempt to separate
them by surgery-in 1915 and
1928. It was decided both times
that such an operation would
be unsafe.
Evening star., 1953-05-23
By the Associoied Press

BOSTON. May 23-A 41-year-
old Siamese twin, Margaret
Gibb, underwent major abdomi-
nal surgery for removal Of a
f1berous tumor today in a case
new in the annals of medicine.
Margaret and her sister Mary,
who also was anesthetized, were
reported in excellent condition
after the two-hour operation per-
formed at New England Deacon
ness Hospital by DR.. Frank
Lahey, head of the Lahey Clinic.
The surgeon refused to discuss
the exact nature of the opera
ton. but did say he found no
evidence of malignancy.
He also said the operation
marked the first time that major
internal surgery had been per-
formed on SiameSe twin over
40 years Of age. The sisters, from
Evening star., 1953-05-23

Since the Philosophical So
ciety is dedicated to a free ex-
change of ideas on scientific
subjects. the Executive Commit
tee requested DR.. Ladder to
defer his presentation until such
time that this would be possible.
Dr.. Ladder grAciously agreed to
do this"
Bureau of Standards oppoSi-
ton to AD-x2 helped provoke
Secretary Of Commerce Weeks
decision to fire DR.. Allen v,
Astin as director of the Bureau
Of Standards. The dismissal
originally was planned for April
II. but now has been postponed
until fall
DR.. Astin got a vote of con-
fidence yesterday from the Ma
tional Conference on Weights
and Measures. It approved q
resolution stating that, ''the
services Of the National Bureau
Of Standards to weights
and measures administration
throughout the Nation has been
outstanding during DR.. AStin's
administration"
Evening star., 1953-05-23
Two Star Curtoonists Win
HeudIiners' Club Awards

James T. Bergman and Glib
son Crockett. political cartoon
lists for The Star. are among 81
winners of National Headliners'
Club awards, announced today.
Other awards for outstanding
achievements in 1852 went to
Peter Edison of the Washington
bureau. NEA Service. for his ex-
elusive interview with Vice Presi-
dent Nixon. and to Frank Bourg-
holtzer, NBC White House radio
correspondent. for outstanding
network news broadcaSting.
Mr.. Bergman and Mr. Crock
EFT were selected "for consistently
outstanding editorial cartoons"
The 81 awards. consisting Of
silver medaIlions, viii be pre-
sented at q two-day session In
Atlantic City, June ID and 13,
sponsored by the Press Club of
Atlantic City.
FOR the last 20 years the Press
Evening star., 1953-05-23
Virginia Sees
Third Income
TuxCutAheud
By the As.eeiated Press

RICHMOND, May ga third
tax credit for Virginia income
taxpayers appeared almost cer-
tain today as a report of the
States general fund revenues
through April showed them run
ming more than sos million
ahead of the same period of
last year.
State Controller Henry G. Gill
mer reported revenues through
the first 10 months of the fiscal
year amounted to $92, ,975, ,164,
compared with $82,456,707 for
the corresponding period of
1852.
Although this leaves a balance
of nearly $29.7 million to be col
lected in May and, June before
an automatic tax credit takes
place, State fiscal officials said
privately another credit of some
kind" appears a sure thing.
They declined to speculate on
its size. The first reduction was
20 per cent under the original
Byrd act and the second one
last year, under the revised
formula. amounted to 9 per cent.
Evening star., 1953-05-23
Five Men Are Killed
As Crash Sets Truck
Afire in Virginia
Several Other Persons
Are Hurt in Accident
Near FurmviIIe
By the Assoeioted Press

BUCKINGHAM, Va, May %
"A linen supply company truck
glanced off the curbing of a
traffic circle at nearby Sprouse's
Corner last night, then rammed
into a parked car and caught
fire. burning five men to death,
Several other persons were
hurt.
Four men burned to death in
the truck before volunteer fire
companies from Dilwyn and
Buckingham could extinguish
the flames and a fifth man died
in a hospital in Farmville.
One of those burned to death
in the truck was identified by
State Police as William Lee
Worsham, 80, of Richmond.
Bernard L. Bracket. AZ, Of
Richmond. identified by state
police as the driver of the truck.
succumbed to burns over rs per
cent of his body in the Farmville
Hospital a short while after the
accident.
At least three women in a
parked car were injured and
taken to the Farmville Hospital.
They were not believed hurt SER
iously.
State police said the truck,
owned by a linen delivery serv-
ice in Richmond, was returning
to Richmond from Roanoke
when the accident occurred
about 10:30 pm.
Bodies of the unidentified
dead men were to be taken to
the state chief medical exam
iner's Office in Richmond.
Evening star., 1953-05-23
Eisenhower Visits
C0toctin Retreat,
Now Camp David

President Eisenhower drove to
the newly named Camp David"
in Maryland's Catoctin Noun
tains today with plans for a day
of quiet work.
This is the retreat above
Washington used by Presidents
Franklin d. Roosevelt and Tru-
man under the name of Shan
gri La"
The White House disclosed
yesterday the President had
named it Camp David, choosing
a name that was his fathers,
his own and his grandson's.
Gen. Eisenhower drove to the
camp after breakfast this morn
ing and planned to work here
until some time in the afternoon.
He was accompanied by Sher-
man Adams, his top assistant.
and Bernard Stanley. White
House counsel.