davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Echoes Of Stur's Anniversary

Echoes OJ StuI anniversary
was sent by my niece who lives at
Silver Spring, Md. copy of The Stars
anniversary edition, First 100 Years in
the Nations Capital" I am SO years
old and you don't know how much I
enjoyed this paper. I had to send my
niece her copy of the edition back, and
I would love so very much to have a
copy for myself. I looked all over the
paper but there was no price on it. If
you will trust me, my dear sirs, and
send me copy and let me know the
price of same. will send you the money
on receipt of your answer. ! thank you
very much in advance.
Mrs. Martha ReilS.
Tampa, Fla.
Editors note: The Star has sent
Mrs. Reils complimentary copy of the
Tooth anniversary edition.)
I wish to thank you sincerely for
your courtesy in granting my request
for copies of your 100-year resume of
events recorded by your paper I re-
Gently received the copies and all my
friends were pleased to receive the Won
derful and interesting recorded events
OF the past century, many of which I
lived through. Again thanking you and
wishing your paper continued success
for another hundred years.
Charles G. Mccarthy, -
Brockton, Mass.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Rosenberos Spied in Wortime

On page / of The Sunday Star Cecil
Holland stated that the RoSenbergs are
''the first to be sentenced to death in
this country for peacetime spying On
page of the same issue, an A. P. cor
respondent describes them as having
turned over wartime atomic secrets,
ETC." And l have hitherto been under
the impression that the offenses were
committed while this country was at
war.
The date of the crime is, of course, a
very important factor in this already
disturbing case. I suggest that, If only
in the interests of honest Journalism,
The Star along with other newspapers
state clearly whether the spying oc-
Cured in peacetime or wartime, thus
avoiding further confusion.
L. F. G.
Editors note: The Rosenbergs were
convicted of violation of Section 1874
of the Federal criminal code, which
makes it crime to spy in the interests
of any foreign power in peacetime or
in wartime. The law gives maximum
sentence of 20 years for peacetime
espionage and maximum prison term
of 80 years or a maximum penalty of
death for wartime espionage. It is
not necessary, for conviction, that the
espionage be committed on behalf Of
a nation with which we are at war.
The charge against the Rosenbergs was
that they turped over certain classified
Evening star., 1953-02-20

ment. On inquiry, Mr.. McGranery was told
that the agreement was made to protect the
morale of the police department and preserve
good relations between the police and the FBI.
But police department that has nothing
to hide is not likely to suffer a, collapse of
morale if the FBI, as required by Federal law,
conducts an investigation of brutality charges
Nor should the efforts of this outside agency
to get at the truth of allegations rejecting on
the department be resented The civil rights
law was intended to apply to all law-enforce-
ment authorities in all jurisdictions, and no
Federal official has any right to suspend its
enforcement in New York City or anywhere
else.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
ControIIinq Federal Expenditures

In reducing a supplemental appropriations
bill total by approximately SIS billion the
House Appropriations Committee has taken
positive step toward redeeming an administra
tion pledge to CONTROL and eventually to cut,
Government expenditures. The heaviest antici-
pated saving will come from disallowing the
entire figure Of $12 billion requested by the
Department of Defense for the balance of this
fiscal year.
In the first instance, the committee action
Is not legislative directive to cut net expendi-
lures. 1t is for the most part, and particularly
In the case of the Defense Department section,
an authorization to transfer funds from unob
gated or uneXpended reserves to the purposes
covered in the supplemental requests. Most OF
these defense requests for example were drawn
to match higher procurement operation and
maintenance costs and to meet authorized pay
Increases. The committee did not diSallow the
meeting of these needs. Instead, after study
of unobligated balances already available to
the department and of the rate at which such
balances are being committed monthly, it di-
rected transfers of funds from their original
categories to the categorieS facing the imme-
diate deficiencies.
The prospect for actual savings in expendi-
tureS-the level at which the budget is directly
affected-lies in the probability that further
appropriations will not be voted to replace the
transferred funds.
BY the Truman budget estimates unobli-
gated or unexpended balances of Federal ap-
preparations would total in excess of $100 billion
at the end of the present fiscal year. About
$63 billion of this total would be in Defense
Department funds While it is obvious that
much of the Defense Department planning,
particularly in procurement, must be done on
Iorse fNrf fhn
new administration have made it clear that the
programming and proposed obligation of this
huge carry over are to be reviewed in current
studies of the budget. The action of the
House committee on the current supplemental
supply bill reflects that intent to review and
gives promise that substantial savings may be
effected
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Freight Gardening Mystery

Scarce steel is still being allocated for
the construction of 10000 freight cars
per month. This corresponds with
about $50 million pounds monthly, or
the equivalent of 5.4 billion pounds
annually.
Upon celebrating the fifth anniver-
sary of the founding of Railway Prog
resS, Robert R. Young, chairman,
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co., in
an address delivered March 20, 1852,
stated the "box" car case in these
words:
a.. There is the mystery OF the fail
ure to adopt roller bearings on freight
cars. The roller bearing need be
creased only once in three years; pres
ent friction bearings almost daily. The
cost in excessive maintenance, retarded
speeds, hot boxes, accidents, etc., is in
excess of a quarter of billion a year.
The difference in bearings, however, is
not the only reason why the average
truck covers four times as many miles
per year as the average boxcar Would
you believe that, because of terminal
delays, the average speed of a boxcar
from shipper to destination is less than
twice as fast as man can walk, while
delivery of lesS-than-carload lots, by
rail, is often less rapid than man can
walk -"
In view of such poor performance
records these economic questions nee
eSsarily arise:
/. Why should steel in short supply
be used in the construction of railway
cars having such an obvious degree of
inefficiency?
2. 100-car trains have tare weight
of approximately As million pounds
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Ills Of 1888 and Those of Now

It was news to me and probably to
many other listeners of Adlai Steven
son to learn that the Democrats handed
over to the Republicans a country in
perfect order, prosperous and with no
problems to compare with those in
herited by the Democrats in-1933"
Personally, would gladly exchange
some of the 1923 problems for those
of 1928. Mr.. Stevenson seems to
forget that there is horrible war, infla-
tion, and the mess of corruption in
Government to finish cleaning out.
President Eisenhower has appointed
businessmen to responsible Offices for
the very reason that the United States
Government is the largest business in
the world and demands persons of busi-
ness capacity to operate it.
/. Ward,
Evening star., 1953-02-20
At the Museum

My taste is Wrono, you say. that picture
there
Is better than the picture Which I
chose.
I make no protest since you found yours
fair.
To different men their tastes and so
it goes.
Here are the tUater colors, there are
oils;
This room holds modern. that, some
earlier frames:
Portrait and landscape, abstract spiral
ing
Done By tCell-knoWn or unfamiliar
names.
cannot Judge the absolute In art.
For am not critic: notes in hand.
scan the pictures mitch haze touched
my heart.
Each canuas kaits for those vho
understand.
Louise Darcy
Evening star., 1953-02-20

promptly. But, we believe you will
agree that it is time to stop the whole
sale vilification of public employees.
It is becoming difficult to recruit
qualified men and women for the career
service, not only because salaries are
inadequate and advancement oppor-
tunities limited, but because of the
ceaseless flow of slander and misrepre-
Sentation about Federal employees, the
work they do and their conditions of
employment.
This emphatically does not mean
criticism should be silenced. It does
mean criticism should be selective and
factual.
We urge you to examine the work OF
Federal employees in your own COM
munity, the services they render the
character and quality of their perform
ance, and to set forth the facts, favor
able and unfavorSble alike.
Regardless of administration. it is the
trained. experienced career employees
who carry on the day-by-day work of
government. 1t is they who shoulder
the heaviest burden of administration,
research, scientific activity, protective,
health, conservation and other govern
mental services.
In the interest of good government,
we earnestly urge you to assist US in
bringing to light all of. the facts about
the career Federal service and in
putting those facts into proper perspec-
tive.
Unless this is done promptly, the re-
suit can only be deterioration, mounting
inefficiency. higher costs and public
service untitled for its immense re-
SponsibilitieS.
Luther c. Steward,
President. National Federation OF
Federal EMPLOYEES,
Evening star., 1953-02-20
A HiqhIy Improper Agreement

Whether it was IDEAL" or something with
q less opprobrious label, the fact remains that
the action taken by Department of Justice
official to prevent the FBI from investigating
police brutality cases in New York City was
highly improper. Former Attorney General
McGranery was right in repudiating the move,
in connection with grand jury inquiry OF
alleged cvil-rights violations by New York
police Perhaps the grand jury will be able
to throw more light on the amazing attempt
to prevent the FBI from doing its duty under
the Federal Civil Rights Act
Although Police Commissioner Monaghan
of New York has denied knowledge of any such
deal" the Department of Justice has con-
firmed that Assistant Attorney General Nc
Inerney did enter into IAN agreement" with
the New York Police Department to have civil
rights cases Investigated by the police depart
ment, rather than by the FBI Justice spokes-
man said that in furtherance Of the oral
agreement Mr.. McInerney sent memorandum
to the Civil Rights Section of the Department OF
Justice directing that all cases involving police
of metropolitan cities" be referred to him
(McInerney).
All of this was done without letting the
FBI in on the deal, or agreement or whatever
1t was. The FBI first learned OF it last January
when one of It's agents reported to his superiors
that police official had told him he could not
investigate a police brutality charge because Of
"an agreement" FBI Director Hoover in turn
reported the matter to Attorney General Nc
Granery, who promptly Cancelled the agree
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Short of Repudiotion

Judging from the explanation just offered
by Secretary of State Dulles President Eisen
hover did not have reputation in mind when
he declared in his state-of-the- Union message
that he would ask. Congress Ito join in an ap-
propriate resolution making clear that this
Government recognizes no kind of commitment
contained in secret understandings of the past
;. which permit the enslavement of any
people.
Since the Anglo-American-Russian wartime
agreements certainly have never countenanced,
and do not now countenance, the enslavement
of anybody, it was assumed that the President,
when he first made this statement, used the
word permit" to convey the idea that many
of the concessions granted to the Kremlin were
shortsighted and helped to make possible" or
facilitate" the spread of Soviet tyranny 1t
was assumed further, that he would call upon
Congress to repudiate our Governments sigma
ture to such concessions, including particularly
the ones worked out at Yalta in relation to
Asia.
However, even though such course would
seem to be morally juStihable because the
Kremlin has hagrantly violated the solemn
obligations it undertook at Yalta and else
where, the Secretary of State has been at pains
to explain that the resolution envisioned by
the President will be much less drastic than
heretofore assumed. Thus, for one thing, it
will mot involve any actual reputation of any
legally effective agreements" Nor will it affect
the legal rights" of the other SignatorieS Mr..
Dulles presumably has offered this clarifcation
which strongly suggests retreat from the
original Eisenhower position-for two major
reasons: (1) To eliminate serious miSgivings in
Britain, and (2) to avoid offering the Russians
a pretext for retaliation with repudiatlng action
of their own, especially as regards understand
ings bearing upon Berlin-understanding
which Dr. Conant, our new High Commissioner
for Germany, has just insisted that the Soviets
must continue to honor to the full.
In addition despite the contrary impression
created by the Presidents statement, Mr.. Dulles
has made a point of asserting that the ad-
ministration believes that the enslavement
behind the Iron Curtain has resulted not from
the secret understandings" in themselves but
from the Kremlins "abuse and violation" OF
those understandings. Accordingly, in the Sec
retarys words, the proposed congressional
resolution while it will not repudiate anything,
will seek to register dramatically what we
believe to be the many" acts of Soviet bad faith,
and also ito register equally dramatically the
desire and hope" of our country that the captive
peoples shall be liberated.
AS explained by Mr.. Dulles, the precise
form of this resolution has yet to be agreed
upon AS of today, therefore, the whole'proposi-
ton remains toe fuzzy to be evaluated. Pre-
sumably, however, it will serve useful purpose
in the field of propaganda and psychological
warfare without resorting to outright repudla-
ton of sort that could conceivably do mucn
more harm than good.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
No War: No Druft

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court is
to be commended for its decision re-
f1ecting refreshing return to reality.
I refer to the Valentine Day decree that.
whatever else the Korean coolie. con-
fiict may be called, it is not legally
or constitutionally a United States war.
Thus the warlike action in Korea has
been relegated by judicial decision to
nothing more than a minor police ac-
ton. which cannot possibly justify the
current compulsory draft of American
youth.
It. therefore. is high time that Con-
gress should be vocally and forcefully
petitioned to enact legislation providing
for an end to the present enforced con-
Scription of young American manhood.
If and when the United States ever
should become involved in actual war,
it then would be time enough to adopt
again the draft procedures used in
World Wars I and II.
Franklin T. Miles.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Rock Creek Parkway

Having just returned to Washington
from service. am very much elated
that some one is at last considering a
real parkway through Rock Creek Park,
at least through the Maryland portion.
At the proposed terminal point at
Beach drive and East-West highway,
does somebody besides me think it
would be good idea to continue right
through the District portion of the
park? If it were accomplished, one
could drive from Frederick, Md, dhe
main approach from the Midwest) to
the Lincoln Memorial without hitting
one stoplight.
Now there are those who would say
that highway through the park would
destroy the natural beauty. On the
Evening star., 1953-02-20
A Partial Victory

Several New York newspapers have failed
in their attempt to persuade a higher court to
reverse Judge ValenteS order closing the vice
trial of Minot F. Mickey Jelke. The higher
courts comments tend, however, to vind1cate
the policy position, as distinguished from the
legal position, which the newspapers had TAKEN
Supreme Court Justice Schneider ruled that
the newspapers have no constitutional right
as such to be represented at the trial. The pro-
vision of the State constitution on which the
newspapers relied protects their right to pub
lish information in their possession, but does
not guarantee them access to a source OF infor-
nation such as trial.
The rights of the press with respect to COW
ering trials in New York are prescribed by
statute. This statute provides that all court
sessions shall be open to the press and the pub
lie except in cases involving such otfenses as
sodomy, rape, seduction, etc. In this type OF
case trial Judge is empowered, in his discre-
ton, to close the trial. And since sodomy is in
volved in the Jelke trial. Justice Schreiber said
he had no power to disturb Judge Valente's rul-
ing He went on however, to add this comment:
This court is in wholehearted accord with
the eminent desirablity that all trials except
in the rarest of instances, be fully exposed to
the public view and to the checks upon arbl-
trary and tyrannical action which result from
the limelight of publicity The present appll-
cations however, do not as observed at the
outset Of this opinion, legally permit this
court to substitute it's own views as to whether
the Jelke trial should be public or secret for
those OF the trial court conducting that case.
This court is not an appellate court and
does not possess the power to review an order
of the Court of General Sessions Judge Va
lentes court). That power rests only in the
Appellate Division and the Court of Appeals.
Under well-settled legal principles the only
question which this court has the right to
decide on the present applications for writ
of prohibition is very limited and narrow
one, viz: Did the Court of General Sessions
have the power in case involving Sodomy
to exclude the public and the press?
If the Court of General Sessions did
possess that power this court is without Ju-
rsdiction to prohibit the enforcement of the
order of exclusion no matter how much this
court may disagree with the trial courts de-
cision to exercise that power.
The differences to be drawn from this Ian
guage seem to support the view that Judge
Valente abused his discretion in this instance
and that the closing of trials is practice that
generally is not in the public interest since it
facilitates judicial abuses which used to be as
Sociated with star chamber proceedings It fol-
lows that the newspapers have lost their fight
but that they nevertheless rendered a useful
service in carrying their complaint to the State
Supreme Court.
Even the Scouts have an occasional boy gc
wrong, but we don't think any delinquent ever
came out of a home that served salt-rising toast
for breakfast .es< u, y. s =. 3:
.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Letters to The Stor

information (atomic secrets) to a for
eign power (Russia) at time when
We were at war with Germany and
JAPAN. This charge. once proved, was
suf1clent for the death penalty under
IL U. S. c. 794. The Rosenbergs were
the first persons ever to be sentenced
to death after trial in civil court for
violation Of this statute. Other civilians
had been sentenced under similar laws
by military tribunals of one kind or
another.).
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Defending Federal Employees

Will you help on the big, urgent job
of building better Federal service for
the American people?
Federal employees worthy of their
trust have no fear of facts about the
service. They want all citizens to be
on the alert for wrongdoing and incom-
petence. Federal employees who betray
their trust, or fail to do an honest days
work, have no place in the service and
should be dealt with firmly and
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Statehood for Alaska

Listening to President Eisenhower's
state-of the Union message to Congress.
failed to hear one word about giving
statehood to Alaska although he did
ask Congress to take early action on
statehood for Hawaii. If Congress gives
statehood to Hawaii then there is no
reason why it shouldn't give statehood
to Alaska, unless of course it is for
political reason.
]. Raymond Morris.
Cambridge, Mass.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
ROBERT r. YOUNG.

without transporting a single pound
of pay load.
3. On account Of the resistance Gre
ated through the use of friction bear
ings, outmoded equipment of this char
acter should have been abandoned years
ago, yet the paradox is presented of
little being done to plug up the needless
waste.
4. In the final analysis, the public
must pay for these transport profiiga-
cieS.
M. L. Smith.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
Questions and Answers

The starr readers can get the answer to any
question Of fact by either writing The Evenins
Star Information Bureau, 1900 ] street NV.
Washineto~ g. b. c., and inclosng 5 cents re-
turn postage or BY telephoning Sterling 3-7363.
Evening star., 1953-02-20
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. In what year was the worst depres-
sion in the United States? w. M.
A. James Estey, writing in Business
Cycles" prentice Hall, 1950) observes:
In the United States, it would be con-
ceded that the depression of the 1870s
the double depression of the 1905 and
the great depression of the 1930s loom
tragically above the most serious Of the
other recorded fluctuations in economic
activity"
Evening star., 1953-02-20

O. Which is the more expensive fur,
Russian sable or mink? M. o.
A. Russian sable is the aristocrat OF
all furdom. At one time only members
of the royal family of Russia were al
lowed to wear this fur. Today there
may be other furS which cost more per
skin, but the Russian sable is the
most valuable per inch.
@. Where is the worlds largest COM
mercial airport, from the standpoint
of area? A. H. S.
A. New York international airport.
with an area of 1900 acres, is the
largest commercial airport in the
United States, and the world.
Evening star., 1953-02-20

Even the Scouts have an occasional boy 90
wrong, but we don't think any delinquent ever
came out of home that served salt-rising toast
for breakfast. ~ j. ~, =. Il
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1953-10-01
Yohe Writes Book

RALPH S. YOHE reported his
tour of middle eastern and European
agriculture in series of articles in
Montana Farmer Stockman. Now he
has written a book summarizing his
observations. He has entitled it
what Our Farmers Can Learn from
Other Lands" 1t is published by the
Iowa State College Press, Ames, Ia.
The price is So.
The book is as provocative as the
title suggests. Montana Farmer
Stockman readers who enjoyed the
articles will find the book just as
readable and by no means just a re-
petition of the articles.