davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-01-25
Dr.. Mossodegh Holds Control

The powerful political influence which
Premier MoSsadegh has demonstrated in Iran
for nearly two years now has been reaffirmed
in decisive showdown with his parliamentary
rivals The test on demand that his absolute
powers be extended for another year, has come
at time when the long and bitter Anglo
1ranian oil dispute appears closer to a settle
ment. In this circumstance it is probably
fortunate that DR.. Mossadegh is to continue as
the single channel of real authority in his
government.
For while the Premier must bear much of
the responsibility for the long deadlock, it has
become clear that the alternative political
forces in Iran-the Moslem cleric-politician
KaShani and his following and the Communist
Tudeh Party-are so dogmatically anti-Western
that their emergence in control would leave
little hope of restoring the country'S solvency
or keeping it from economic and political chaos.
1t was Kashani, speaker of the Malls, who
was beaten back on this latest test as he re-
treated step by step from position that as
long as he occupied his post he would not permit
consideration of the legislation for extension of
DR.. MosSadeghS control. Entering the political
picture last year, the Moslem leader has been
variously considered power behind Dr. Mossa-
degh'S position or a rival for it. When his hard
core of followers among the deputies began to
been considered most susceptible to his religious
appeal began closing their shops in protest at
his anti-MosSadegh stand, he had no choice but
to abandon his resistance.
The development leaves the Tudeh approx
mately where it has been from the beginning,
lacking leadership within itself or in positions
of public influence where 1t might direct an
open challenge at parliamentary government.
Obviously, the Communist threat has not been
ended-indeed the longer the important issue
of the oil dispute remains unsettled the greater
strength the forces Of communism may draw
from it. For the surprising capacity Of the
Iranian economy to absorb the paralysis
inherent in this situation is slowly but surely
approaching its breaking point. The stop
gaps of economies, defaults on contractual
obligations, currency manipulation and borrow
ings are drawing toward the point of diminish
ing returns, presaging the ultimate breakdown
of the civil functions which mean the difference
between government and anarchy.
That DR.. MoSSadegh is fully aware OF this
has been made clear in his recent conversations
with United States Ambassador Henderson In
Teheran And that such an alternative would
leave no responsive authority for British
American negotiations is recognized today In
both London and washington. Three weeks
of intensive negotiations, flowing mostly
between London and Tehefan with American
representatives serving as Intermediates at
zach end, have brought the situation to q
Evening star., 1953-01-25
Economist

Read In your paper that the Bureau
Of Labor Statistics was having difn-
Guilty with several labor unions over
changing the base Of the cost-of living
index from 1935-39 average to 947-49
average. Many wage contracts evi-
IDENTIFY use these points in the index
as synonymous with percentage points
and the changing of the base would
cut future cost-of-living raises just
about in half.
If the bureau would work UP fac
tor for the unions to adjust the index
back to the 1859 base period, it looks
like every one would be happy (since
ignorance is blisS9
Norman d. Bryan.
Evening star., 1953-01-25
School Eores

Congress will be correcting an old mistake
If it approves the Holland bill to permit the
District Public Utilities Commission to fix the
fare for school children on local buses and
streetcars. The mistake was made many years
ago when Congress passed law establishing
three-cent fare for students here. The act de-
prived the PUG Of any say in the matter. Thus.
while school fares everywhere else in the coun-
try have risen in relation to generally increased
transit fares the school fare in the District has
remained at the outmoded three-cent level.
When three cents was approved as the
standard fare for students the general fare was
about twice that sum- But the half-fare rate
Of those early days has become one-sixth
fare rate today. Most other cities have main
tanned the half fare ratio over the years. The
bill sponsored by Senator Holland Of Florida
would empower the PUG to raise school fares
to as much Us one-half the standard fare. That
system Of PUG fare-n fixing IS logical and sensible
If Congress wants to insist on three-cent fare
for the school children Of Washington it should
provide subsidy to make up for the loss
Evening star., 1953-01-25
BY Frederick Brown Harris
Minister, Foundry Methodist Church;

M1DiHteF, Methodist
chaplain. united States Senate.
and in our kind. They bring out the
song.
How the carping critics tore to shreds
Walt Whitman'S book of poems, Leaves
Of Grass! It was his ruling passion to
lift the song of democracy: but some
saw in his rhapsody only the lewd.
They missed the lovely, forgetting that
lark may start its ascent to the bend
ing blue even from barnyard The
blast from the critics so chilled the
spirit Of the good gray poet" that he
thought he would not attempt TO sing
again: perhaps he was q frog, and
not q thrush! AS some of the abuse
Stung him, one day he actually threw
his book out of the window. as If it were
awinged q creature frozen to death. Then
came letter from Ralph Waldo Erner-
son with this assurance: q greet you
at the beginning of great career"
That message exchanged the chill for
thrill. And in the atmosphere warmed
by understanding Walt Whitman sang
on.
And so there are those who come.
not with light. but with blight, who
bring not song but sob. Their sour
attitudes stifie notes in throats which
in more genial air would burst into
joyous melody. There are others, radi-
ant spirits. who bring the balmy breath
Of spring whenever they come near.
Said an admirer of William Morris
Hunt: "He lighted up everything he
touched"
There are many inaugurals, in addi-
tion to presidential ones, when men
turn to heavy tasks and great respon-
SibilitieS determined to give the best
that Is In them, and to fail neither
God nor man. When we are tempted
to sit in the seat Of the scornful and
hurl the cynic's ban, let us remember
that it isn't much of an achievement
to be a close relative of Scrooge, who
carried his own freezing temperature
with him until the spirit of Christmas
thawed him out. Inaugural hopes
never will sing In the freezing atmos-
phere Of unreaSoning prejudice, blind
partisanship and carping criticism. To
so change the nipping air that one
silent songster. huddled in the cold. will
throw back its head and pour out notes
OF liquid Joy because you came near
is the richest satisfaction earth can give.
A thermometer simply registers the
temperature: a thermostat can change
it. Blessed is the man who warns the
frosty air. whose kindling words keep
men on their feet and call forth the
cadence Of singing birds.
Evening star., 1953-01-25
Breuch of inaugural Etiquette

Through Inauguration films isn't it
possible to identify the ill-mannered,
person in back of the rostrum on the
steps who was so bored during Presi-
dent Eisenhower's prayer and speech
that he twirled his hat. smoked and
carried on amusing conversations with
an equally rude neighbor on his left?
He wore a pass and I earnestly hope
the Republican ticket committee will
omit this person when President Eisen-
hover again takes the oath in January,
1857. A five-year-old would not have
been less interested.
r. n r
Evening star., 1953-01-25
Letters to The Star

particularly, since It may give another
pretext for the Communist police in
Poland to continue their reprisals
against the former members Of the
Armja Krajowa.
DIR. Jan Karski,
Assistant Professor of Political
Science Georgetown University
Graduate School.
Eisenhower's Prayer
President Eisenhower deserves all
praise for asking the people to bow
their heads while he prayed for Divine
guidance just before he delivered his
inaugural address. He offered most
fervent prayer for wisdom to do Gods
will and thus to promote and secure the
peace and prosperity of America and
all people. No other President had ever
done the like. It was most praise
worthy innovation. His prayer gives us
all great hope that with Gods help he
will soon find the way to end the
Korean war in honorable peace.
William Penn, with Gods help, went
unarmed to meeting of savages in the
wilds of Pennsylvania. and made a
lasting peace with them in few short
hours Gen. Oglethorpe did the like in
Georgia. Ralph Bunche, with Gods
help, made peace between the Arabs
and Jews in Palestine. Mountbatten
made peace in India. Jacob made
peace with Esau after 25 years of sep
aration. Elisha, Gods prophet, stopped
the war between Israel and Syria. with
Gods help. Prayer changes things.
God be praised that our new President
has supreme faith in God and prayS
for His guidance.
Noah w. Cooper.
81 would like to make my own pray
er." Words to this effect were the flrst
to fall from the lips of our new Presi-
dent. This is universally acknowledged
as the high point Of the whole dra-
matte day. Many Of our churches were
open for prayer here and throughout
the Nation on Inauguration day. The
day began with an appropriate prayer
service in the presence Of Gen. Eisen-
hover and an invited group at one Of
our churches. At the inaugural cere-
monies. prayers were offered by priest,
a rabbi, and a Protestant minister.
These likewise we're appropriate and
all-embracing. but the prayer that reg
istered with the people was the brief
Evening star., 1953-01-25

point where details more than principles are
at issue. In this atmosphere, with DR.. Mossa-
degh,s own position confirmed, there is tangible
reason for hope that solution may be reached
before the crisis becomes disaster.
Evening star., 1953-01-25

Pen-non1es mag be used If letters carry
1OriteTS' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.
Evening star., 1953-01-25

r. d. r.
Evening star., 1953-01-11

tives is the oak room, a dining
room with long rectangular ta-
BILE Of dark oak and walls pam
eled with oak of the same color.
Willkie Visit Began 1t.
1t was there in the fall of 1910
that the. Summerfield political
career began. Wendell Willkie,
the Republican nominee for
President. had arrived at noon
and had rolled down the main
street in a motorcade. The re-
ception was very badly organ
lied. The number of people on
the sidewalks was only little
above normal and there was as
much booing as cheering.
The men at the table in the
Oak Room were pretty indig-
nant about it. They were all
Republicans except Osmund
Kelly, the Flint postmaster. It
was a disgrace to Flint. they
said, and something should be
done about it. A committee of
nine. which quickly expanded to
so. was organized then and
there. Harlow Curtice, the head
of Buick. and w. F. Hufstader,
then Buick sales manager, were
among them. Mr.. Summerfield
was made chairman. He sent
out kilograms to leading citizens
asking them to attend a meet
ing two days later.
The movement was Spurred
when tomatoes were thrown at
Willkie when he made a speech
in Flint later in the day. There
is lot of bitterness in Michigan
politics. The Republicans think
the Democrats are in a conspir-
acy with the heads of the
United Automobile Workers, CIO,
and the Democrats think the
Republicans are in conspiracy
with the heads of the great auto
factories. Inere are many in
dications to support both beliefs.
4 Tips Balance in State.
The meeting led to a cam
paign for Willkie in Genesee
County Clint is the county seat)
that tipped the balance in the
State. Willkie carried Michigan
by slim 5000 and every one
knew that it was the extra ef-
fort in Genesee County that
made it possible. Mr.. Summer
field had found game he could
give his all to. He was in pol
itics to stay-and he loved it.
In 1912 he ran in the pri-
mary election for the Repub-
lican nomination for Secretary
Evening star., 1953-01-11
THE SUNDAY STAR A-3
Washington, D. c. !"
SUNDAY, JANUARY IL, 1853

Summerfield knew the circum-
stances behind the contributions.
The investigation moved on to
Flint in 1948. Auditors went over
the books of the Summerfield
Chevrolet Co. with a fine tooth
comb. 1t was found that the
company had been meticulous in
turning over to the State the
sales tax it had collected.
Mr. Summerfield was for Sena-
tor Vandenberg at the Phila-
delphia convention in 1948. A
photograph of him in a tele-
phone booth. trying to reach
Senator Vandenberg to get him
to release the Michigan delega-
ton for the second ballot which
was bound to go overwhelmingly
for Dewey. was widely published.
He failed to reach the Senator
and Michigan failed to get on
the Dewey bandwagon.
Mr.. Summerfield's admirers in
Flint feel that if he had been
given a major assignment In the
Dewey campaign of that year
it would have been a different
story. .s
Tomorrow: Charles E. Wilson,
Secretary of Defense.
Evening star., 1953-01-11

Of State and lost. In 1943 he
was appointed finance director
of the Republican State Central
Committee. In 1914 the party
made him Republican national
committeeman for Michigan.
His work as finance director
was outstanding. He put the
collection of funds on a regular
recurring campaign basis-the
same way the Community Chests
and the Red Cross go after
money. He had had experience
in the annual campaigns of both.
The party's annual income
grew to 100000. Republican
fund collectors from ether States
came to Michigan to see how he
did it. 1t became known as the
"Summerfield Plan"
In 1947 Eugene Black of Port
Huron, Republican who was at
torney general at the time, began
an investigation into the payment
of the 3 per cent State income
tax. He found that several
automobile dealers in Detroit
were retaining most of the tax
they had collected in the sale
of cars and making substantial
contributions to the Republican
State Central Committee.
There was considerable money
involved. If dealer sold SIS mil
lion worth of cars. he collected
$150,000 in sales tax. If he
turned only one-third of that
over to the State (that seemed
to be favored proportion), he
was 100000 ahead.
The contributions to the Re-
publican State Committee were
Sizable. The smallest was $10,-
900 and the largest was $39, 900.
Probe Is Sensation.
Mr.. Black investigation
caused quite sensation. There
was no evidence of any shake
down, although, of course. many
surmiSed it was just that, and
there was no evidence that Mr..
Evening star., 1953-01-11

tunity knocked. The owner of
a Chevrolet agency in Flint got
into dispute with the company
and lost his franchise. MI. Sum-
merfleld learned that he could
/ get the agency for an investment
OF $4,000.
| He had $12,500 available. He
borrowed another $12,500 and
went into partnership with
Spencer Bishop, son of A. G..
Bishop, the oldest director of
General Motors Mr.. Bishop put
up the other $25, 900.
That was in SEPTEMBER, 1929.
The market broke in the follow
ing month. The new company
had tough going at times Fer
one thing, they had to build a
new building because the dealer
who lost the franchise refused
to sell his plant. Mr.. Summer
field did that in the first year of
the depression with the $4,000.
In those days it was like hav-
ing 81 million" he said.
Bishop Inactive Partner.
The agency was phenomenally
successful. Mr.. Summerf1eld ran
it. Mr.. Bishop was an inactive
partner. He used to say that he
was really ashamed to take all
the money Arthur was making
for him on the small investment
of 1929. In a recent year the
agency sold 4,500 new Chevrolets.
Mr. Summerfield's methods
were dynamic. He lost no op-
portunity to keep his agency be-
fore the public's eye. He even
promoted a semi-pro baseball
team for few seasons, the
Summerfeld Chevvies. He was
such a good chooser of talent
that his team became the YAM
KEGS of the area. They won so
many games that the public be-
gan to favor any team matched
with the Chevvies and to boo the
champs. Mr.. Summerfield de-
cided that wasn't helping sell
automobiles and diSbanded the
team.
He was becoming one of the
best-known businessmen in the
city and socially popular. He
became a member of the golf
club, although he never took
the time to become a regular
player. and of the Flint City
Club, where the top executives
of the Buick and Chevrolet
plants lunch every day.
The City Club is on the sixth
floor of the Hotel Durant and
the get-together place of execu-
Evening star., 1953-01-11

endar says we have four years
to make the yardage.
I'm that time we can build a
better America for all the peo-
pie. We can do it under the in
spired leadership of one of the
greatest Americans of all time,
President Dwight D. Eisenhower u
Came to Flint at IA.
Arthur Summerfield was IA
years old when he came to Flint.
That was in 1913. His father
had signed up for a job in the
fast-groWing automobile busi-
ness and moved from Pincon-
ming, Mich. a little town 100
miles north of Flint on Saginaw
Bay. There Arthur was born on
March IT, 1899.
His father had a job in one
of the automobile factories pre-
pairing catalogues of available
parts. His salary was 800 a
month and later got up to S12O.
That was good money in those
days. 1t was a small family,
Arthur being one of two sons.
The cataloguing went on in the
recurring periods when the plants
closed down. They had made
too many automobiles-gone be-
yond the "saturation" point.
Arthur Summerf1eld went into
the auto. factories when he left
school after the eighth grade.
When he was 10 and an in
Spector of ammunition in a
Chevrolet plant in Flint, he mar
ried Miriam w. Grain.
Today they have two children,
Bud and his sister, Gertrude
Miriam, Mrs. William c. Dawson,
each Of whom has two children.
The son-in-law runs the Sum-
merfleld agency in Clio.
It was right after the war that
they embarked on the rigid saw
ings program already mentioned.
For six months they did not go
out. He got along on IS cents a
day for lunch at the plant. Their
only recreation was the Saturday
night trolley rides At the end
they had saved $3.50 which they
used as down payment on a
house. That put him in the real
estate business.
Sought Better Opportunity.
He did all right at real estate
in the early EOS, selling houses,
but he was always on the look
out for a better opportunity
That came when lie obtained the
distributorship for Pure Oil Co.
He took it in partnership with
his father. They had siding fos
railway tank cars and they built
up quite a little business with
SO gasoline stations as outlets.
The Pure Oil Co. bought them
out in the late 20s and he went
into the automobile business with
a used-car lot.
1t was then that real oppor-
Evening star., 1953-01-11
By George Kennedy
Sfor Stnff Corresnondanf

ELINT, Mich. Jan. 10.-Arthur
l. E. Summerfield has expert
enced considerable success. He
has been No. l Chevrolet dealer
In the Nation for several years.
chairman of the Republican Ma
tional Committee during its first
presidential win since 1923 and
now he is to be Postmaster Gen.
Evening star., 1953-01-11

Tomorrow: Charles E. Wilson.
Secretary of Defense.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1953-08-27
Two Residence
Properties Change
Ownership Here

Two more residential properties
changed hands in Bluffton during
the past week when Mr.. and Mrs.
Ed Rice, proprietors of the Rice
Dry Goods and Tot Shop, purchased
the residence of Mr.. and Mrs. Clyde
Sommers on Grove street, and Mr..
and Mrs. Richard Neff purchased
property occupied by the Herbert
Hallers on the County Line road
from Harry Bertsche of Archbold,
Ohio.
The Rices live at present in the
Worthington apartments on Cherry
street. They will take possession OF
their new home on September Is.
The Neffs, who live at present
on the Elmer Burkholder farm at
New Stark, are to obtain possession
of their home on September /. Mr..
Neff is employed as bookkeeper at
the C. F. Niswander & Son imple-
ment store in Bluffton.
The Hallers will move into resi-
dence owned by the Central Ohio
Light & Power Co., located opposite
the generating station here.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1953-08-27
Four High School
Teachers Receive
Masters Degrees

Four Bluffton public school in
structors received Master of Arts
degrees, this summer, as the result
of class work completed during the
vacation period.
Earl Lehman has an M. A. degree
in music education from Ohio State
university; Joe Harris an M. A.
degree in education from Indiana
university; and Misses Meredith
Stepleton and Minerva Hilty each re-
ceived an NJ. A. degree in education
from Columbia university, New York
City.
A number of other teachers COM
pleted special work in education dur
ing the summer, including Principal
Gerhard Buhler, who attended a
three-week workshop in guidance at
Ohio State university; and MRS.
Stratton, work at Ohio Northern
university; Miss Elma Alter. work at
Ohio State university; and Mrs.
Adella Oyer and Mrs. jeanette Burns
Klay, work at Bluffton college.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1953-08-27
Council Discusses Plans For Cooking
Garbage For Disposal In Feeding Hogs

Details of how Bluffton's garbage
disposal must be handled after next
October 2 when the new garbage
cooking law becomes effective came
up for discussion at the last
meeting of municipal council
after complete information had beer
received from the state. sneass @
Under the new Ohio legislation, all
garbage fed to livestock and poultry
must be cooked at least 80 minutes
at PIP degrees F. The only excep-
ton is for persons who feed garbage
from their own table to their own
animals.
The law provides that application
for the feeding permit must be made
by the feeder, and permission to use
the cooked garbage as feed for the
hogs will be granted only after a
state investigation.
Other requirements are that the
cooking must be done on the premises
where the garbage is to be fed, and
that equipment must be constructed
so it can be cleaned and disinfected.
Designed to control the spread of
vesicular exanthema in the state, the
new law also may help control hog
cholera, swine erysipelas and other
diseases, according to state authorit-
les. Experts are said to have found
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1953-08-27
Clarity Stand
On Highway
Relocation Here

Dean Niswander, president of
the Bluffton Business Mems asso-
ciation, this week issued state
ment which he said he hoped
would clear up any misunder-
standing regarding the groups
stand on the relocation of Route
Is outside the business district.
'tMore than year ago the as
sociation took the stand that the
relocation of the highway east of
town as planned by the State
Highway Department would be
desirable. However, the commit
tee recommendation was that ev-
cry effort be exerted to obtain CO.
operation of the highway depart
ment in making the present
highway through Bluffton an al
ternate route or designating it by
another state highway route
number" Niswand said.
Armin Hauenstein, chairman of
the clubs highway committee,
pointed out that this would dis
tinguish the town on state high
way maps, bring considerable
passenger car traffic thru the
community and at the same time
eliminate the heavy truck traffic.
In addition, efforts will be made
to have route 103 continued and
connect on possibly at Columbus
Grove.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1953-08-27
Work Opens
On Beaverdam
Bypass Project

Constructors of the $72S,00 Route
% bypass around Beaverdam was
started last week, with work schedul-
ed for completion late next summer.
Involved is the re-routing of the
highway south and east of Beaver
dam, and the construction of an over
head to carry it above Route BON
east of the village.
Walter Neidhardt, division engine
er for the state highway department,
said that preliminary work includes
clearing of the right-of-way through
a woods north of Beaverdam, and
moving a Buckeye Pipeline Co.
transmission line.
Frysinger Construction Co., Col
umbus, is the general contractor.