davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Legislation by the Executive
Many Members of Congress Mffed Over Attempts
Io Amend Security Act With Reorqonization Plan

the text was not even sub
mitted in advance for criticism
to the heads of the three
armed services in the Defense
Department N a m ely, the
members of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff-who are to be affected
fundamentally by the reorgan-
ization. Now, if these chiefs
are called to testify in Con-
gress, they will feel muzzled
because to oppose the measure
in any way will subject them
to the charge of "insubordina-
ton" Already mischief makers
are trying to make it appear
that these Joint Chiefs are
fighting the proposed reorgan-
ization plan, when, as a mat
ter of fact, it is doubtful
whether they have made their
viewpoint known to anybody.
for the reason that until this
week they never had a chance
to examine it.
The plan has developed sup
port and opposition among
high officers in each of the
three armed services, and it is
a Misrepresentation of the
truth to say that any depart
ment is either for or against
it. Opinion is divided.
Embarrassment would never
have been created if the plan
had been submitted to each of
the members of the Joint
Chiefs for study and criticism
before it was embodied in a
report by a commission of ci-
villains plus Gen. Bradley, who
is chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff but does not
reflect the views of all its
members.
Representative Dewey Short
of Missouri, chairman of the
House Armed Services Com
mittee, has told this CORE
spondent that he plans to hold
hearings soon on the proposed
reorganization plan.
Even though the plan," he
said, has been referred To
the Committee on Government
Operations, I have spoken to
Chairman Hoffman and to
Speaker Martin. and they
both are agreeable for hear
ings to be held by our COM
mittee. The subject touches
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Thomas L. Stokes:

This town is as full of
echoes as Hell'S Canyon.
For example, that conScien-
tious New England Republi-
can, Senator George D. Aiken
of Vermont, cried out a solemn
warning in the closing hours
of debate over the offshore
oil bill, suggesting that turn
ing over of rich coastal oil
lands to the States was a
prelude" to further raids on
our natural resources. He
cited proposals to grab of for
a few private utilities our
great public-power projects
Niagara Falls. Boulder Dam,
Bonneville, Grand Coulee,
IVA.
The echo came back at
once, the same day. from Sec
retary of the Interior Mckay.
He revealed that so far as
he and the Eisenhower ao-
miniStration are concerned,
the private utilities, speciflcal-
ly the Idaho Power Co., can
have the last big power site,
Hell's Canyon, on the Snake
River along the Idaho-O Oregon
boundary, which the previous
administration had planned to
have the Government develop
in a way that would meet the
needs of the people of that
area.
He announced that he is
withdrawing a brief filed by
the Truman administrations
Secretary of the Interior, Oscar
Chapman, with the Federal
Power Commission that OPP
posed giving a license to the
Idaho Power Co. for it's utili-
cation of Hells Canyon. That
brief showed clearly that the
private utility contemplated
only a piecemeal development
by q series of small dams that
would not realize the poten-
tials of Hell'S Canyon for
power. reclamation and navi-
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Dorothy Thompson
War Is Costly, but Only to Some
Nearly so Nations Agreed to Deter Korean Aggression,
But Few of Them Had Other Than Words to Sacrifice

stars, medals, and ribbons
awarded for heroism. and
others bear scars to wear o
lifetime.
They are received with love
by their families, and with
admiration by our Nation that
does not fail to honor forti-
tude and courage.
But where Is the United
Nations? Remember. these
men have not been fighting
for the United States alone.
Theoretically. they have been
risking their lives for every
nation. great or small. that
might one day be attacked by
an aggressor; for all the lofty
principles of the U. N. Charter.
whose core is collective secu-
rity. They have been voted by
U. N. into such action. and told
that by their sacrifices all
countries have been made more
safe.
Wouldn't you think that as
they deplaned at San Francisco
(where the U. N. was bornD.
they would be met and well
coined by representatives Of
the whole grateful world they
have been fighting to save?
Wouldn't you think that the
flags Of all the states they
served would wave to greet
them? That bands would
play scores Of national an
themS?
Wouldn't you think they
would be given free trips to
the U. NJ. and that the whole
Assembly would stand to cheer
their appearance?
If not even a gesture Of
gratitude is made toward them,
by those they have risked their
lives to save, would you be sur
prised if many swallow the
Communist propaganda that
plays upon cynicism and de-
nies that the war Is q U. N.
action at all?
Evening star., 1953-05-08

vitally the whole Department
of Defense and all the armed
services, and this, of course. is
the primary job of the House
Armed Services Committee.
We intend to call witnesses to
explain fully their views OIL
the measure before any vote
is taken in the House"
In the Senate, by agreement
with Senator Mccarthy. chair
man of the Committee on
Government Operations, the
proposal had been referred to
the Senate Armed Services
Committee, but now there is
some question as to whether
this violates the reorganization
law, which specifies that all
proposals must be referred to
the Committees on Govern
ment Operations in both
Houses.
The whole episode and its
collateral controversies may
bring a test of the wisdom of
the reorganization law itself.
For here is a basic statute.
known as the National Sc
curity Act, which it took many
months in 1947 and 1949 to
write and get through both
houses. Now, by a few pro-
visions called Reorganization
Plan No. g." the law is to be
emasculated in many of its
principal features. All this was
to be done without giving a
legal opportunity to the
Armed Services Committees of
both houses to consider and
formally report upon legisla-
ton that amends the laws
they are supposed to write.
The new plan might be
made workable by amend
ments, but first it would have
to be voted down as an entity
by either house and then new
legislation written. 1t is re-
grettable that the Presidents
commission didn't sit down
with all the members of the
House and Senate Armed
Services Committees before
recommending the plan TO
some one as busy as the
President for his approval Of
a highly technical. matter and
then submitting it to Congress
on a take-it-or -leave-it basis.
Reproduction Rights ReservedD
Evening star., 1953-05-08
David LoWkence:

The proposed plan to re-
organize the Defense Depart
ment and increase subStan-
TALLY the power and authority
of the chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff is causing con-
siderable concern in Congress,
particularly among those men,
bers who previously have been
deeply interested in the ad-
vance of air power in the mill
tary services.
Criticism of the proposal is
coming, however, from men in
all three armed services who
regard it as a step backward
in military organization and
as a move toward what has
been called "the Prussian
general staff plan"
But, aside from the merits of
the scheme, the submission of
the reorganization plan has
awakened in both houses Of
Congress a resentment over the
method being used to amend
the National Security Act. In
stead of submitting legislative
proposals to amend existing
laws in the regular course. the
technique of wrapping up the
changes under the procedures
of the reorganization act is
being attacked.
Thus, the executive branch
of the Government now writes
a proposed law and sends it to
both houses and, unless one
house or the other vetoeS the
proposal, it becomes law. This
means that neither house can
amend the proposal and must
take it or leave it. AS one
member of the House said:
"This gives Congress only the
power of veto but gives the
Executive the right to make
the laws. There are grave
doubts as to whether this is
constitutional"
A fundamental defect in
this procedure, too, is that,
before the plan is submitted
to Congress, the members do
not have a chance to express
themselves. So far as is known,
none of the members of the
Armed Services Committees Of
the Senate or the House saw
the text of the plan before it
was submitted by the Presl-
dent. Also, it is known that
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Dors F7eeson:
Labor Hangs on Dead Center
lofts Moneuvers Suspected of JockeYng Unions into
Position of Perhaps Fighting Revision Of Act

would restore to the States the
power to regulate strikes and
picketing. The Supreme Court
has been whiting down such
laws on the ground that TIL
supersedes them.
Before these were we'll di-
gested, Senator Ives of New
York tossed in an anti-segre-
CATION amendment that would
virtually insure a Southern
filibuster. Labor has conf
dence in Senator Ives, but it
has a dark and not at all
lurking suspicion that he was
encouraged to do this by people
not their friends. just to make
it harder. Labor, of course.
cannot fight such an amend
ment.
Nobody among the unions
expects President Eisenhower,
considering the lengths to
which he goes to placate Sen
ator Taft, to enter this situa-
ton. They do feel the Presi-
dent is mistaken in allowing
the isolation of the solid and
influential Secretary Durkin.
There are also politicians
among the labor leaders who
think that the President might
be helping his own foreign
policy if he gave his nationalist
majority leader other prob
lens to keep him busy. APP
parently, however, the present
White House does not under
stand that style Of maneuver.
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Thomas L. Stokes:
McKovs Gift to Idaho Power Co.
Aiken Asks if Move Is on to Give Away Boulder Dam
Bonneville, Grand Couee, and Even the IVA

eral ownership to the States
a prelude to further raids upon
natural resources of the
United States by interested
groups of people? For many
years there has been building
up in this country a determi-
nation on the part of certain
groups to acquire unto them
selves the natural resources
of the United States which
have always belonged to the
people.
II think in particular of the
plan to raid or seize Niagara
Falls. The efforts now being
made to grab the power from
the st. Lawrence development,
so that instead of all the peo-
pie getting the benefit, very
few will receive the profits.
II think of the proposals to
dispose of great public-power
plants, such as Boulder Dam.
Bonneville, Grand Coulee, and
even the iva, and / wonder
where we may be headed in
that respect. Other groups
would take unto themselves the
forests on our publicly owned
lands and all the minerals to
be found thereon.
"Mr. President, I am con-
vinced that this great effort,
this great raid, which has been
building up will reach its cli-
max very soon. I believe that
President Eisenhower will soon
be under greater pressure to
permit the raiding of natural
resources than any other Presi-
dent has been put under for
a generation. May God give
him the wisdom and the
strength to turn back the
spoilers when they come to the
White House seeking acquies-
cence in their plans"
Senator Aiken knows where
of he speaks. So did another
fellow around here once who
Evening star., 1953-05-08

feels up to the attempt to get
the President to send an Eisen-
hover line in their field. They
are convinced that he has
turned labor policy over to
Senator Taft and that the best
they can do is to hold on and
exert their veto power, II
possible.
They were Jared when the
G. o. P. Taft-Hartley amend
ments were introduced without
the G. o. P. Secretary of Labor
getting a peek at them. The
White House looked the other
way when a labor-management
council on the subject called
by Secretary Durkin begged
down it's first day.
Then, according to AFL
sources, Senator Taft con-
ferred with Richard Grey,
head of the building trades
unions and a Landon- -Willkie-
Eisenhower supporter. The
result of that was an amend
ment to repeal the Taft
Hartley law for construction
firms and most utilities.
John L. Lewis promptly blew
his top as anyone familiar with
labor, including Senator Taft,
could be entirely sure he would.
Secretary Durkin and AFL
President George Meany are
keeping quiet, but privately
they agree with him.
Another TIL amendment
feared by labor is one which
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Dorothy Thompson:

Whether or not it is true
that any American soldiers
. taken prisoner in Korea be-
came infected with Commu-
mist arguments, it is certain
that few of them have ever
understood what the war is
about.
Difficult to make clear is
the relation between the actual
operation Of the war and the
United Nations. What Presi-
dent Truman called "a police
action" to "deter aggression"
was undertaken on the vote
of nearly so nations. on the
principle that a threat to one
is a threat to all.
The defense of the Republic
of South Korea was the first
test of the principle of COL
lective security. AS a deter
rent it did not work. The
original determination of the
United States to back up U. N.
moral sanctions against North
Korea by naval and air oper-
ationS (and these alone) did
not halt the invading armies.
What followed was one Of the
bloodiest and most destructive
wars in history. Hundreds of
thousands of men, most of
them Americans, were landed
in Korea. Eventually hun
dreds of thousands Of Chinese
crossed the border to aid the
North Koreans. The destruc-
ton of the fought-over coun-
try and its civilian population
def1eS description.
What battles the American
soldier is the role of the U. N.
Forty-siX nations voted to take
measures to repel the aggres-
sors, but only a handful made
any material contribution to
the subsequent call of the
U. N. Security Council for help,
including armed forces, to re-
pei the attack. The U. N. Sc
Evening star., 1953-05-08

CATION as would the Govern
ment plan.
Secretary Mckay thus gave
the cue to the FPC which,
however, hardly needs 1t since
that commission now has been
effectively packed" with the
recent appointment of Jerome
K. Kuykendall, formerly a
member of the State Of Wash
ington Public Service Commis-
sion, who succeeds Thomas G.
Buchanan, a man constantly
alert to the public interest.
The new FPC member, who
repeatedly agrees with Secre-
tary Mckay on Hell'S Canyon,
probably will weight the COM
mission toward the private
utility viewpoint on. major
issues now pending, which in
clude st. Lawrence Or e a t
Lakes Waterway power as well
as Hell's Canyon.
Hell's Canyon had been re-
garded as the test, and Secre-
tary McKay's decision in favor
of the private utilities is re-
garded as extremely signif1-
cant. 1t is taken by utility
lobbyists here to mean that
the Eisenhower administra-
tion's policy will be to severely
curtail public-power activity
and stop further expansion.
The lobbyists naturally are de-
lighted.
Now back to Senator Aiken
and his Senate speech. AS if
thinking out loud, he raised
several questions that he re-
garded as key questions in
reaching his decision to vote
against the bill for State
ownership of offshore oil lands.
Eight other Republicans voted
the same way. Perhaps the
most important question, he
said, was this:
is the effort to transfer the
undersea oil lands from Fed
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Doris FIeeson:

Labor is on dead center in
both the executive and legis-
lative branches of the Eisen-
hover administration. Their
story is that. Senator Taft
planned it that way, but they
cannot now see their way clear
out of the stalemate.
The prospect is that major
labor unions may even end up
fighting revision of the hated
Taft-Hartley Act. They don't
expect to improve their posi-
tion and they fear they may
fare worse.
Secretary of Labor Durkin is
maintaining a dignif1ed silence,
but the facts speak for him.
He is allowing the appoint
ment of his three assistant
secretaries to drift, apparently
not daring to venture past
Presidential Assistant Sherman
Adams to the President with a
Macedonian cry.
Nor has Secretary Durkin
replaced the late Harry Rout-
zohn, a former Representative
from Ohio. whom Senator Taft
had briskly arranged to put
in the important post OF
Solicitor. Mr.. Routzohn had
had labor experience and he
plunged with zeal into his
new job, but his health was
apparently not up to it.
Apparently, no one in labor
Evening star., 1953-05-08

In 1853 All Goods Are StroteQic
But Our Allies Are More Interested in Trade That Brings
Cash Than They Are in Action That Brings Peace

their existence is in jeopardy.
Aggression on the part Of
dictators always is denounced
and condemned. But it is
not considered sufficiently i'm
portant to interfere with busi-
ness as usual. For instance. in
1885 MusSolini attacked Ethi-
opia. The League of Nations
condemned that dastardly ag-
gression and imposed an eco
nomic blockade on Italy. Brit
ish and French warshipS were
Scurrying over the Mediterra-
mean preventing foreign ship
ping from reaching the italian
ports. The orders Of the
League were thus officially
complied with.
But a thriving trade was be-
ing conducted, meanwhile, un-
der the friendly eyes of the
French authorities over the
roads and mountain passes
leading from France into Italy.
French and British manufac-
turers were sending over by
trucks. rail and mules most Of
the materials Mussolini needed
so badly. at bootleg prices. Of
course.
Throughout the last war the
U. S. S. r. sold to Japan 10
per cent of the lend-lease
goods received from this coun-
try by the Pacific route.
The situation is not much
different now. Business in the
NATO countries is not good.
Exports are tagging, particu-
larly in the textile industries
of Britain and France. China
offers an excellent outlet at
present because she can count
on the U. S. S. r. mainly for
heavy war materials. A nation
at war like Communist China
must obtain imported goods
not for her civilian popula-
ton but for the millions of men
actually under arms or in
training. And the Peiping
government is willing to pay
good prices. cash on the spot.
Washington hopes that logi-
cal arguments and the grow
ing threat to our allies in the
Far East may eventually induce
them to at least slow down the
present flow of supplies to the
enemy.
In the meantime, Secretary
Dulles hopes that events Of the
last few weeks may have stirred
our allies for at least a politi-
cal cooperation in Asia.
Evening star., 1953-05-08

center at Tokchon, deep in North
Korea.
The Far East Air Force says
Maj. Hall may be the only air.
man to participate in combat
missions in the three wars.
He is commander of the 6, 6,400th
Equipment Repair Squadron of
the Far East Air Logistic Force.
Evening star., 1953-05-08
NLRB Will Decide
Il Bott|ing Strikers
Can Picket Stores

The knotty question of whether
striking labor union members
can picket their employers GUS
toners will be decided by the
National Labor Relations Board,
in a Washington dispute raising
labor issues of widespread i'm
portance.
Pending NLRB action, Federal
Judge Alexander Holtzof yes
terday enjoined strikers of the
Washington Coca Cola Bottling
Works from picketing retail
stores selling the soft drink.
The temporary injunction had
been requested by the NLRB.
The board charged the store
picketing constituted an illegal
secondary boycott under the
Taft-Hartley Act.
Sets Precedent Here.
The court action against the
AFL Teamsters Unions Local 81,
Brewery and Beverage Drivers
and Workers, was the first time
secondary boycott provisions of
the labor law have been in
voked against a union here.
The injunction does not for
bid picketing of the Coca Cola
bottling works itself, which has
been going on since workers
walked out in January in a fight
for union recognition.
Judge Holtzoff, in U. S. Dis
trict Court for the District of
Columbia. declared the legal
question of retail store picket
ing was "a close one" But he
found there was reasonable
cause to issue the order until the
labor board rules on legality of
the customer striking" The
boards decision. in turn, can be
appealed to the Federal courts.
Attorneys State Cases.
NLRB Attorney James V. Con-
stantine argued that the picket
ing had two effects. One, he
charged. was to induce delivery
men of other products not to
cross picket lines. The other, he
said, was to encourage store en-
ployes not to handle the soft
drink involved.
Attorney Martin F. O'Don-
oghue, speaking for the union,
Evening star., 1953-05-08

argued that the picketing was
designed only to urge consumers
not to buy Coca Cola. and said
such an appeal is legal. He con-
tended the store picketing did
not constitute a secondary boy
colt as defined by the labor law.
The labor board acted after
complaints were filed by Earle
K. Shave. Coca Cola counsel,
and Buckingham Super Markets,
Inc.
Evening star., 1953-05-08
Flyer Claims Mark
By Seeing Combat
In Three Wars
By The Associofed Press

TOKYO, May 8.-Maj. Roy w.
Hall of Brookline, Mass, flew a
French-made bomber when the
first bombardment squadron made
its initial attack in Germany in
the spring of 1918.
Maj. Hall flew missions under
fire in the Pacific theater in
World War II.
And Wednesday night, the ST.
year-old major rode along as IA
Japan-based B-29s blasted a
Communist troop and supply
Evening star., 1953-05-08

put it rather quantity in one
of his bursts of hyperbole
which so delighted his hearers
Harry Truman, when he was
dedicating a dam in Montana
on his transcontinental cam
paign trip last autumn. Point
ing to the dam. he said:
You'd better take a good look
at it. For, if the Republicans
come in, you may never see
another"
Evening star., 1953-01-25
Thermometer Inventor

STOCKHOLM. --- Anders Gel
. sius. a Swede, Is generally
credited with inventing the
centigrade Thermometer in 1742.
Evening star., 1953-01-25
Truman Reveals Rejection '
OF 500, ,OOO-o- Year O OHers

noon on his mail. and then
walked over to q coffeeshop where
he ate the 7s-cent special made
up Of boiled fresh pig hooks,
sauerkfaut and parsleyed pota-
toes and autographed menus for
customers and help mike.
Already. independence is be-
coming used TO having the Tru-
mans home again.
The Smith Quality Bakery last
night sent over q Welcome
Home cake aEoana dinner time
% o'clock IA tsiE Aidwest-by
Leone Johnson yea4 old SEN
iorg at the Williams Chrisman
High School from which both
Truman and MS truman were
Astl1e gii9 walked au tie rear
driveway of. the Truman home
she. was met ~ ra police officer.
.I have d cake from the Smith
Evening star., 1953-01-25
BarkIey 10 Announce
His Future Plans Today
sy the Associated Press

Alben w. Barkley. out of Office
as Vice President on Inaugural
ton Day last Tuesday, will an
nounce his future plans today.
The former weep" sent out
kilograms yesterday inviting
newsmen to meet him this after
noon at the hotel where he has
lived for years. The messages
said Mr.. Barkley hopes Ito have
an interesting announcement to
make concerning my plans"
The 75-year-old Kentuckian's
four years as Vice President
rounded out four decades of
service In the House and Senate.
He made an unsuccessful bid for
the Democratic presidential nom
nation In 1852 and saw second
place on the losing ticket go to
Senator Sparkman Of Alabama.
In an interview early this
month he said he would be busy
after leaving Office but had not
decided what he would do. He
mentioned lecturing. writing.
broadcasting, business connec-
tions and law as possibilities.
Evening star., 1953-01-25
Rug Worker AIIergic
To Wool Wins His Case
BY the Associated Press

AMSTERDAM, N. Y. Jan. "a.
"A veteran rug worker who dis
covered after 40 years that he
was allergic to wool has won
workmen's compensation Of
$9,675 down and 500 a month
for life.
Stephen Fleszar of Amsterdam,
an employe Of the Mohawk Car
pet Mills since 1907, was awarded
the settlement this week by a
workmen's compensation court.
Mr.. FleSzar reported difficulty
in breathing in 1915, and filed
for compensation in 1947. He ap-
pealed his case after it was dis
allowed in 1948.