davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1953-03-01

both Mr.. Lie and General Assembly
President Pearson. First came
charges that American Communist
SympathizerS were on the U. N.
payroll. Then some got fired for
refusing to answer questions put
by a Senate inquiry. Then some
others quit. A high U. N. official
not mentioned as security risk
committed suicide, apparently
while distraught over morale in
the secretariat.
Finally, with the advent of Am
basSador Lodge, the 1,700 Ameri-
cans in the Secretariat Building
got civil service and FBI clearance
forms to fill out. The returns are
not yet in.
Opposing Views
There are two prevailing views
about security clearances for
American U. N. personnel:
/. The United Nations is an in
ternational body, not an American
body. The employees duty is to
the U. NJ; his own country has a
delegation there to watch out for
it's own interests. There is no real
opportunity for espionage, since
everything that reaches the u N.
gets into Russian hands anyway.
And in any case, under existing
agreements, it is none of the
United States business whom the
U. N. hires.
2. The United Nations operates
it's headquarters on American soil,
more or less through American
hospitality. No matter where or
for whom an American works, his
highest duties are to God and
country, and to his employer third.
While the U. N. may or may not be
a hotbed of spies, it certainly Is a
good place for a troublemaker to
operate. And, finally, the Soviet
Union screens its people for what
passes for loyalty in Russia, so
why shouldn't we?
The Line Is Crossed
It is deceptively easy to draw
line between the two schools, to
say that the first opinion is held
by Commie-lovers and the second
by isolationist jingoes. Actually,
many people who fit into neither
category are convinced that one
or the other stand is right.
This situation-plus doubt over
what the future may bring-has
had a depressing effect on Ameri-
can employees, even those who have
no objection to scrutiny of their
past. It has had similar effect
on non-American personnel, who
wonder (if Americas right to
screen Americans for political
loyalty is supported) what will
happen to:
. Anti-Peron Argentines.
. Anti-Naguib Egyptians.
. Anti Communist Czechs and
Poles.
. Anti-Tito YugoSlavs.
. Anti-Trujillo Dominicans.
. Ants of both camps among
Chinese.
Another fear voiced by nom
Communist non-Americans is that
the United States eventually may
Evening star., 1953-03-01

has is an island, and to ignore
Mao, when he has everything else.
But except for deSultory talks in
the diplomats cocktail lounge, it
Is not likely that the British will
lobby strongly for United States
recognition Of the Chinese Reds.
The United States, especially since
President Eisenhower's state-of-
the-Union address, is too firmly
committed to Chang to be open
to argument.
The great probability Is that the
U. N. situation with regard to
China will not change materially.
The Assembly, which sounds and
looks so grand, actually is at the
mercy of the Security Council
when it comes to admitting men,
bers. The Assembly can resolve,
deplore and in general propose; it
is the Council, however, which
disposes. A Red drive to get the
Chinese Communists admitted to
the U. N. would meet with an
American veto in the Council.
Under the "Acheson Peace Plan"
of 1850, however, the right of one
of the Councils big Five" to block
action on a threat to peace has
been taken away. Now the Assem-
bly, itself can recommend armed
Intervention when aggression
occurs. But although this may
save the day when some future
Red move creates a new Korea, it
still does not bring the Assembly
up to par in potency with the
Council.
Evening star., 1953-03-01
Redchino

The skeleton at the United Ma
tons feast is China. There are
two Chinas, Realistically speaking:
The one America buys (Chiang
Kai-shek's Formosa) and the one
Russia buys (Mao Tse-tung's
mainlanO. These two Chinas are,
one way or another, giving the
United Nations it's worst trouble.
Chiang's China has a U. N. seat;
Macs does not.
On the free side of the Iron
Curtain there is a lack of unanim-
ity about the two Chinas. The
United States recognizes only
Chiang's Nationalist government.
The United Kingdom recognizes
only Mao's Peoples Republic. This
fact makes it a little more difficult
than usual for the free world to
get together on the subject of
what to do about China.
Despite Gen. Omar Bradley's
recent warning, there is wide
spread feeling in the United States
that our position UiS-G-vis Red
China in Korea is really an early
engagement in World War III.
Gen. Bradley considers this sort
of thinking dangerous. It may be-
But there has been much clamor-
ing in the United States for sterner
measures against Mao than those
that are now being taken.
One of the loudest howls was
for some sort Of blockade of the
China coast, or, failing that, a
tighter embargo on trade with
China. This talk has abated, and
now it appears unlikely that the
United States delegation will 1)
ask for either measure or (2) get
it if it asks.
Britoin's View
Among our friends, Britain in
cluded, there is widespread lack of
sympathy for our position in re-
gard to China. The British, who
are old hands at the diplomatic
game, think it is unrealistic for
us to hew to Chang, when all he
Evening star., 1953-03-01

go a step farther and attempt to
screen foreigners as well. The
incongruity of charging an Ecua-
dorean with not being loyal to the
United States is Self-evident-but
what n-AmericanS want to know
is, are they immune?
Occasionally the United States
demands the firing of foreigner
because his political views are be-
ieved dangerous to this country
That happened recently with a
Frenchman, who was fired-and
promptly replaced by a tried,
tested and true-Red Russian fresh
from the old country. There was,
some one observed at the time, no
ground for doubt about his polit-
ical attitude.
A charge commonly heard from
the extremely sensitive Latin
American and Arab-Asian blocs is
that just because the United States
is paying 1912 per cent of the
U. N. bill, this country thinks it
can WELD far more than 1912 per
cent of the influence. Whether or
not the charge is justified, it is
being made-and therein lies a
clear danger to American prestige
among non-Soviet nations.
The personnel policy matter,
while not apparently important at
first glance, is certainly one of
the TOUGHEST subjects before the
General Assembly that got a new
start last week.
Evening star., 1953-03-01

word. A number of possible sue
cessors have been mentioned, but
only two, or as a remote pessibil-
ity, three, are conceded much
chance.
The Front Runner
Generally supposed to have the
inside track is Gen. Carlos Romulo
of the Philippines, whose desire
for the job is represented as being
at least as strong as Mr. Lies.
Next on the form chart is the
Canadian Foreign Minister, Lester
Pearson, who now heads the Gen.
eral Assembly. The third-and
far less likely prospects, Nasrol-
lah Entezam of Iran, General
Assembly president in the sixth
session. Any one else, most observ-
ers believe, would be an extremely
dark horse.
The most likely course the fight
will take is that Russia will make
a pro-tornlG nomination of a Pole
and will be voted down overwhelm-
ingly. Then number of other
nominations will be made, finally
narrowing down to Pearson and
Romulo.
If-according to those who think
Mr.. Lie wants it again-a deadlock
develops, the incumbent secretary
general would make himself avail
able to break the log-jam. In fact,
these people say, Mr.. Lie is playing
it that way now, as he has been
doing all along.
The secretary generalship is
without doubt the most important
job in the United Nations. BY
comparison, the presidency OF the
General Assembly and even the
Craftsmanship OF the Security
Council are second-rate jobs. Yet
the secretary general himself is
not delegate. His power lies in
his ability to arrange meetings,
fix agendas and otherwise politick
at the top level. In general, when
the Security Council or the Gen.
eral Assembly is not meeting
which is more and more the
rule as time goes on-the secretary
general is the United Nations.
AS might be inferred, the job is
not without it's headaches. And
one of the headaches the next Sec
retary general will inherit is the
question Of personnel policy.
Evening star., 1953-03-01

TN ITS TIME, the group Of
buildings on the East River
that houses the United Nations
has been called everything from
the worlds last, best hope for
peace to "the glass menagerie,"
in wry reference to psychological
drama of a few years back.
Last week, this controversial
symbol of mans desire to avoid
mass suicide filled up after a GA
day recess. The first part Of the
seventh United Nations General
Assembly quit just before Christ
mas, principally to allow the new
American administration to get
organized.
Whether the U. N. was, in fact,
q menagerie or a hope for peace
was, by this week end, still unclear.
1t had the makings of both.
Evening star., 1953-03-01

waged, they keep out of circulation
Western troops that otherwise
would be available to beef up the
defense of free Europe. This is
not to mention the blood that is
shed and the lives lost in needless
and cynically promoted wars. But
then, blood and life were never
major considerations with Comrade
Vishinsky and his bosses back
home.
The OstensibIe Issue
Ostensibly, the issue that is
stymieing cease-f1re in Korea is
that Of prisoners of war. Truce
negotiations have been off-and-on
affairs first at Kaesong and then
at Panmunjom since July, 1851.
The Reds want all prisoners re-
turned whether individual POWs
like the idea or not. The u. N.
position-which the United States
enunciated - is that prisoners
should be polled as to their desires
and returned only II they want to
go back.
We make the not-illogical as
sumption that all our men the
Reds hold-somewhere between
1000 and 10,000-will want to come
home. The Communists apparently
and with equal logic-believe
solid segment of the 22,726 POWs
we hold will choose to stay south
of the battle line. midas u. N.
Delegate Krishna Menon offered
a solution at the first part of the
current Assembly but the Soviet
bloc made short work of it.
The consensus among Western
ers is that, while the POW issue
is a good barricade to throw across
the path to peace, it is not the only
one available to the Reds. Ger
tainly, it is felt, some other OBJ
struction could be found In the
unthinkable event that we aban-
doned our fixed position on prisoner
exchange.
Because the United Nations is
such a good Sounding-board for
propaganda-on both sides, it
should be emphasized-charges
are certain to be made at the
current Assembly,. The tired old
Soviet libels about germ warfare
and brutality to prisoners are sure
to be heard; some new libels, their
nature depending on the ingenuity
of the Soviet bloc, are likewise in
the offing. Also, the specter of
capitalist imperialism will be-
trotted out. And We win have our
say, as Mr.. Lodge did Wednesday.
It would hardly be q meeting Of
the u. N. without charges and
countercharges. "
Evening star., 1953-03-01

Defense Community: John Foster
Dulles. The American Secretary of
State, Mr.. Beyen said, had insisted
In his visit to Europe in February,
that the treaty be ratified without
prior settlement of the issues
raised by the French protocols.
Mr.. Dulles urging helped the con-
terence to come to an agreement.
Other Unity Steps
Before the Rome meeting broke
up, another significant step toward
unity was taken. The foreign min
listers approved in principle a pro-
poSal by Mr.. Beyen that the six
nations gradually eliminate all
customs barriers until a single
european market is created. Steel
and coal already are traded freely.
Several years probably will be
needed to carry out the plan But
this move toward economic 1nitv
will be as important to Europe as
the Defense Community.
A plan for political unity also
was advanced last week. A consti-
tutional committee of the Euro
pean Coal and Steel Community
(Schuman plan) finished work on
draft for European charter.
The charter will have to be ap-
proved by the Constitutional AS
sembly of the Coal and Steel COM
munity, by the six foreign minis
ters and then by the parliaments
of each country.
If ratified-and some committee
members predicted final action
could take months-a political
framework would be provided for
the Coal and Steel and Defense
Communities. Future acts of uni
fication, the Dutch trade com.
munity plan, for instance, also
could be fitted into the same
framework.
Even in the Bolkons
But that was not all. It was q
bright week in the Balkans. too.
Three countries that had been at
one another's throats for CEN
turies signed a treaty of defense
and collaboration. The treaty
would not go as far as the EDO
treaty, but it seemed to be more
than just another scrap of paper
signed by allies-for day.
Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia
agreed to pool their military
resources and defend one another
in case of attack. An attack could
come only from Russia or a Red
satellite. Significant in the treaty
was a clause which pledged the
three countries to collaboration
in military matters to the end Of
making effective plans for common
defense under the supervision of
Joint staff, which is empowered
to make the necessary decisions
in an emergency"
Greece and Turkey are now in
the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
cation. If Yugoslavia is admitted
differences with Italy over
Trieste stand in the way-the
NATO defense of the West would
have another armed bloc to stand
with the European Defense Com
munity and the American, British
and Scandinavian armies.
Evening star., 1953-03-01
The Players

The drama that was being
played out at the resumed session
of the Assembly had-from the
Vests point of view-a new hero
and a tried and tested villain.
Heading up the monotonously
single minded Soviet bloc was
Andrei Yanuarevitch Vishinsky,
white-haired Foreign Minister of
the q. s. s. r. Top spokesman for
the far less unanimous Western
group was Henry Cabot Lodge, jr.,
newly named chief delegate from
the United States.
Ambassador Lodge had been in
New York for several weeks, boning
up on the hundreds of problems
that face a world leader in a world
council. Comrade VishinSky ar
rived in style Monday aboard the
capitalistic Queen Mary, all his
boning-up having been done long
before he left Moscow.
No person sincerely interested in
the welfare of mankind could
justifiably assert that prospects
were bright as the Assembly con-
vened. But for some one who has
other interests, such as Comrade
Vishinsky, the prospects were posi-
lively dazzling. Opportunities for
trouble-making were infinite.
Situation in q Nutshell
The situation that prevailed last
week-and which prevailed last
year as well-was aptly summed
up in Secretary General Trygve
Lies annual report to the first
session of the seventh General
Assembly. Here are highlights:
In Korea, both the Grmistice nesotio-
tiOns and the fighting have continued
without issue. A peace treoty between
Japan and mony countries hos come into
force, but there is no peace settlement
between Jopon and its two closest neigh
bors, the Soviet Union and the Peoples
Republic Of Chino. In lndo- Chino 0nd
MoIoyo, the fighting goes on.
In Europe, the deodlocks over divided
sGermonY and stote treaty for Austrio
semoin unbroken. :. The boriers that
seporote Western and Eostern Europe to
their mutual disadvantage ore higher and
firmer than ever. In the Bolkons, the
tension between YueosIoVio on the one
hond and Buleorio. Romonio, Hungary
ond AIbonio on the other, continues uH-
; oboted because the latter have foiled to
respond to the General Assembly's reso-
luton -.
Proposals pointing toword new ond
positive opprooch to the problem Of dis
ormoment hove been odvonced but no
progress hos been mode toword agreement.
Although the secretary general
Is officially neutral in the rift be-
tween East and West, these items
In his report add up to bitter
indictment of the Soviet Union.
From Comrade Vishinsky's point
of view, however, Mr.. Lies report
was something to write home
about. Perhaps that is why he
said Monday, as he disembarked
from the Queen Mary that he was
optimistic about the General As
sembly.
The most that could be said for
Ambassador Lodge, on the other
hand, was that he was not pessim-
lStic; at least he was not counting
his side out before the fight began
And it was going to be a fight;
Mr.. Lodge made that clear in his
maiden speech Wednesday.
Evening star., 1953-03-01
Korea

Americans, reading the headlines
and the casualty reports, some
times lose sight of the fact that
Korea is first and last a United
Nations venture. 1t is true that,
the Republic of Korea'S war ef-
fort aside, the United States is
doing something like 80 per cent
of the fighting and dying and
considerably more than 80 per
cent of the spending in Korea.
But the Korean collective Secur-
ity action to repel aggression" be-
gan in the U. N. And, barring
something entirely unforeseen, it
will have to end there.
Yet Russia has made it clear by
her actions that she does not want
the Korean war ended. Nor does
she want an end to the other Com
n1uniSt-inSpired wars in Asia: The
one against the French in Indo-
China and the one against the
British in Malaga. BY keeping
these wars going, the Soviet
Union, at small cost and no risk
to itself, is mailing down at great
cost and risk to the West, more
than 100000 troops of the three
major Western powers. An esti
mated breakdown for these three
wars looks about like this:
indo-
Force koFeo Molayo Chino
United Stoies 25o,o0o
Brii commonw'th $4,000 10000
French Union 1000 - 100000
Evening star., 1953-03-01
Europe


haze the choice of aDnlking for
aDGrd or going back. Though they
may suspect that they haze taken
the 1Dro11g road for the 1Urono rea-
sons and though they may fear
danger ahead, they can scarcely
GUotd a decision By taking a side
turning.
THAT WAS how the Manchester
(England) Guardian pictured
the plight of six Western European
nations that had set out on the
road to unification. Since last
summer the six, France, Italy,
West Germany, Belgium, the Meth
erlands and Luxembourg, have
been stalled on the causeway.
They were tempted to turn aside,
particularly to find another an
swer to defense beside Euro
pean army. There had been some
thought, even, of turning back.
But all along, there was bear
the Russian bear-right behind
them.
= Last week the six nations made
the only real choice available.
They moved on straight ahead.
Old Hotreds Live
The European Defense Com
munity treaty, under which the
participants would pool their
armies and part of their sovereign
ties, was signed last May in an air
of high optimism. BY summer,
however, the French and German
parliaments were baking at rati-
fication. The thousand-year-o
hatreds and jealousies were again
splitting the two key continental
countries.
France announced she had a
series of protocols to add to the
treaty. They would give France
almost complete control over her
own contribution to the EDO
army. But Germany protested
that any such amendments would
change a defense community into
an old-fashioned military alli-
ance.
The foreign ministers of the six
nations met last week in Rome to
survey the entire unity situation.
All of the ministers insisted that
a European army was the only
satisfactory defense against Rus
STA. The French protocols seemed
to be the principal stumbling
block.
Change Of Heart
So France modified her stand.
Georges Bidault of France said
the protocols would not be
considered by his country to be
amendments of the treaty, but
merely interpretations. Further
more, he said, the protocols them
selves would be modified to remove
the objections raised by the other
nations. That satisfied the five
other ministers. Ratification of the
treaty by all countries was freely
predicted for this summer.
Netherlands Foreign Minister
Johan Willem Beyen gave much of
the credit for the success of the
meeting to foreign minister who
was not there and whose country
would not be part of the European
The Lincoln times., 1953-11-23
Long-Due Rains
He|pFarners,
More Is Needed

Lincoln County farmers will have
more than usual to be grateful for
Thanksgiving. 1t rained over the
weekend.
George Stoudemire, county agent,
said that the farmers he has
talked to seem to think that the
rain is not too late to help the
wheat
Some of the wheat has already
come up in spotted patches, while
some has died and the rest is still
alive waiting for moisture. 1t is
believed that the rain came too
late to help the barley much, he
said, unless there is mild winter
Oats still have a good chance. the
farm agent reported. Pastureland
has been helped
The weekend rain was the first
measurable downfall that has fall
len on Lincoln County since the
late days of September this year
More heavy, steady rain is needed
to give the dry farm lands the
soaking" needed, the farmers say.
The Lincoln times., 1953-11-23
Thanksgiving Day
Service Planned
At Lutheran Church

The annual Thanksgiving Day
service at Emmanuel Lutheran
Church will be held Thursday morn
ing at $3.50 am, Pastor Henry A.
Mccullough, Jr., announced today.
This service will emphasize both
the national and the personal ele-
ments of this special day. Congre-
gational singing will be feature
OF the service, which will also in
clude responsive d n G and
prayers, and music by the choir.
The pastor will preach the sermon.
The money offering will be used
for The Lutheran Children's Home
at Salem, Va, and the Lowman
Home for The Aged and the Help
less, at White Rock, S. c.
In addition to this offering, an
urgent request is being issued for
good new or used clothing for
worldwide relief purposes. Dona-
tons of clothing or bedding may
be brought or sent to the Church
Basement for packing and shipping
Immediately after Thanksgiving.
A cordial invitation is extended
to any in the community who may
desire to worship with Emmanuel
congregation on Thanksgiving Day.
The Lincoln times., 1953-11-23
GROUSE WINS ATTENDANCE
Rites Held For
Monroe Sheriff.

Marion Monroe Sheriff., prom
inent farmer of Rt. l, Stanley, died
after a brief illness in a Charlotte
Hospital last Friday morning. Mr..
Sheriff. was 79 years old.
Funeral services we're conducted
at $3.50 pm. at Hills Chapel Metho-
dist Church, Sunday Burial follow
ed in the church cemetery. Rev.
Ray S. Cody was in charge of the
service.
Surviving are four sons. Roscoe
of Raleigh; H. H. Sheriff. of Den
yer, Roy Sheriff. of Rt. 1, Mt. Hol-
ly, w. D. Sheriff. of Rt. l, STAN
ley; three daughters, Mrs. D. E.
Station of Salisbury, Mrs. Willie
Womack of Rt. l, Mt. Holly, Mrs.
Harry Luckey of Charlotte; two
brothers, Rufus and Sidney Sher-
rill, both of Gastonia; two sisters,
Mrs. Gurley ASbury of Boyer City
and Mrs. Nola Hager of Charlotte /;
20 grandchildren and 81 great
grandchildren.
The Lincoln times., 1953-11-23
w. w. Hines 76> Dies
Here After Long Illness

William Walter Washington
Hines, rs, died Saturday morning
in a local hospital after a long
illness. He had been a patient in
the hospital for week and from
the time he was admitted no hope
was held out for his recovery.
Mr. Hines was one of Lincoln
tons best known citizens. He had
the happy faculty OF making
friends. He was an interesting con-
versationalist and was never hap
pier than when he could gather a
group of these friends about him
for an hour of social intercourse.
Born in Castor county April %,
1877 Mr.. Hines was the son of
George w. and Mary Susan Sum-
merow Hines. He was married in
December 1904 10 Miss Elizabeth
Coun Arney. a sister of the Ia
mented R. H. Arney, who died re-
scently.sin Boyer City.
Survivors are his wife. one
daughter, Mrs. Edgar johnson, OF