davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-09-04
Sharon

SHARON-An enjoyable day
was spent at the home of MIR. and
Mrs. Frank w. Archibald, Sun
day, and delicious dinner was
served at noon to the following:
John Mcfarland of Detroit,
Mich, Mr.. and Mrs. Kiah Archi-
bald of Guthrie Center, Iowa,
Mr.. and Mrs. John Walters and
daughter, Judy, Mr.. and Mrs.
Irvil Cain and Dotty Chriss, Mr.
and Mrs. Sewell Cain and son,
Stephen, Mr.. and Mrs. Ivan Iams
and daughter, Betty. Additional
guests in afternoon were Mr.. and
Mrs. Mack Archibald, Dick, An
nette, Pat, Larry, Jay, Jack, Jo-
nellie, and Kathy Archibald.
Mrs. John Cisler and sons,
Randall and Brent, of Canton,
spent last week with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. S. W. Parrish. Mr..
CiSler spent the weekend.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ray Haga visited
recently with relatives in Iowa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Ramsey
and daughter, Janet, spent the
weekend with relatives at Day
ton.
Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Bowman
and daughters, Marlyn, Ruth and
Linda, of Mansfield, visited with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Noble
Wheeler, on Sunday.
Frank Steen and son, Carl
Steen and family of Akron Wis
tied over the weekend with the
formers sister, Mrs. Jessie Mar
ouis, and other relatives.
John Mcfarland of Detroit,
Mich, is visiting his sister, Mrs.
F. w. Archibald, and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Darrell Marquis
and daughter, Darla May, of
Amanda, spent the weekend with
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. T. l..
Marquis.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Wiley, of
Columbus and Mrs. Lozzia Nor
rison, of Canton, spent the week.
end with Mr.. and Mrs. Dale Nor
rison.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mitchell Keyser,
of Bealington, w. Va, visited
with his sister, Mrs. Tryphosa
ILove, and brother, Ernest Key
ser, and family. last week.
Mrs. Marie Hooper and chill
dren, Of West Lafayette, Betty
Rice of Plainfield and Josephine
BOYD, of near Kimbolton, spent
| the weekend with Mr.. and Mrs.
f. c. Boyd and Mr.. and Mrs. F.
B. Boyd and children.
Faye Groves of Canton visited
with Charlene Haga last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Forrest Steen
and Sara Jayne, of Toledo, spent
the weekend with his mother,
Mrs. Letitia Steen.
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Critch-
field of Columbus visited with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Earl
Jennings and daughter, Judy Nc
lLaughlin, last week.
Rev. David Kocher of Zanes-
vile called on friends here last
Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Mckee of
Marion, Ind, called on Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Wilson, recently.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Steen and
children, Carol and Jimmy, OF
Canton, visited with his mother
Mrs. Letitia Steen, Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Willard Wilson
and daughter Of Akron visited
with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs
| Charles Wilson, Monday
Mrs. George Ralph and grand
daughter. Carolyn Hayes, accom-
panied Mr.. Ralph to Canton
Monday, where they plan to re-
side. Mr.. Ralph is employed
there.
Herbert Lawrence of Canton
spent the weekend with his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. P. c. Law
renee.
! Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Courtney
| Okey Shields, Mr.. and Mrs. Clay
Shields and sons. Marquis and
Larry, Mr.. and Mrs. John Collins
attended the fair at Marietta,
Monday.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-09-04
Rev. Martin Slovak. Lutheran

Rev. Martin SlOvak, Lutheran
pastor at Lakewood, visited his
mother, Mrs. Mary Slovak, of
Florence, the past weekend.
Mr.. and Mrs. Raphael Crum
and daughter, Patty. of Louis
Vile, and Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene
Wells and sons, of Canton, Wis
tied Mr.. and Mrs. J. l.. Heppner,
East street, over the weekend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-09-04
Mr.. and Mrs. Dick Leach and

Mr.. and Mrs. Dick Leach and
son, Dennis, Mr.. and Mrs. Earl
King, Mrs. Abbie King and DON
ma Kay, all of Canton; Mr.. and
Mrs. Calvin Smith and daughter,
Alice, of Quaker City route and
Leanna Carpenter, of Columbus,
were callers at the o. O. Horton
home, Summerfield route, over
the weekend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-09-04

Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Gessman
and daughter, of Columbus, Wis
tied her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Sharkus, Maple Heights,
over the weekend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-09-04

Mr.. and Mrs. Cyrus Secrest, of
Lakeland, Florida, visited a
couple of days last week with
Mrs. Mary Combs, Miller street.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15

WHAT EQUIPMENT do you use
for storing meat? What is the long
est time that frozen meats may be
stored with safety? Will an hour of
labor today buy as much meat as it
did in 1929? Does the removal of
the bone before cooking affect the
flavor of the meat2
These are among the points COW
cred in a survey conducted among
thousands of farm and city women.
This survey revealed that % per-
cent of these homemakers store
frozen meat in food lockers, So per-
cent in home freezers and 40 percent
in the freezing compartments of their
refrigerators. Some use at least two
types of equipment for storage, and
only percent are without storage
facilities.
Safe Storage Periods
The studies have shown that beef
can be safely stored at zero degrees
F. for IL months. pork for 6 months,
lamb for months and ground meats
for months. The results of the sur
vey in which women were asked
their opinions on the period for safe
storage showed that 81 percent were
correct in the case of lamb, n per
cent in the case Of beef, and 70 per
cent in the case of pork. Only 81
percent were right as regards ground
meats, however, since 40 percent in
dicated storage periods beyond the
recommended months limit.
Eighty-four percent of the women
polled said that they liked cooked
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15
Survey Reveals Facts
About Meat Storage

frozen meat as well as cooked meat
which had not been frozen.
Forty-two percent of the women
voted that convenience was the
most important reason for having q
locker or home food freezer. Thirty
four percent regarded "money-sav-
ing" as being most important while
"a percent said that "better meat"
was the chief benefit accruing from
such equipment.
Buys More Meat
Figures obtained from the Bureau
of Labor Statistics that the average
worker can buy more meat today
with an hour of labor than could be
purchased with an hour of labor in
1929. However, 63 percent of those
polled on this question had the OPP
posite opinion, only 38 percent being
in agreement with the statement.
On the question, docs removal of
the bone before cooking affect the
flavor of the meat?", II percent of
those queried answered Eyes" and 90
percent ''no". 1t is evident that those
voting in the affirmative based their
belief on an old theory that flavor
is more desirable when meat is
cooked with the bone in Many tests,
however, have shown that the pres
ence or absence of the bone does not
affect the flavor of the cooked meat.
The fact that lard is in high popu-
1arity for making pies is borne out
by the results of the poll, since 81
percent of the women went on re-
cord as saying that "lard makes a
flakier pie crust than any other
shortening.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15

three years of starving in a Japanese
prison camp dreamed of eating this
pie again. Mrs. Borden at her hotel
in Whitefish gave it to me originally
but is unable to remember it now.
It is a two-crust raisin pie made with
vinegar and bread-cubes. I don't
remember anything else about it, ex-
cept it was good and not too sweet
as are so many raisin pies Mrs.
a. N. s.. Gallatin county.
Mrs. A. R. W., Ravalli County
would ike to know how to treat pine
cones SO that they will give off bright
colors when burned in the fireplace.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15
Readers' Requests

Would like recipe for oyster stew
for so people. am interested in
knowing the amount of both oysters
and milk one should use.-Mrs. G. l..
F1athead county.
Oyster stew for so: (No. y 2k
quarts oysters heated in liquor until
edge of oysters begin to curl. Add ~
gallons scalded milk cheated over hot
waterl 10 minutes before serving.
Season with 12-pound butter, 2
tablespoons salt and v teaspoon pep
per. Serve hot Immediately.
Oyster stew for SO: (No. q a. Com
bine and heat Ia cups butter and Az
quarts oysters with their liquor. b.
Combine / 1s cups butter and quarts
milk. Scald. c. Blend 4A cups milk
and sz cup flour and stir into scalded
milk lb). Stir until thickened. Pour
all over (a) hot oyster and butter
combination. Ado seasonings Of 8
tablespoons salt and 11s teaspoons
pepper. Heat over hot water for IS
minutes, then serve at once. Yields
3 gallons, SO servings of cup each.
Your editors recipe for oyster stew
increased to serve 20: Pick over A
quarts oysters, removing bits of shell,
add 3 cups water and cook until
oysters are plump and edges begin
to curl. Remove oysters with skim
mer PRESERVE liquorl. Add drained
oysters to 16 cups scalded milk. Also
add liquor from cooking oysters in
water. Season with cup butter,
tablespoons salt and " teaspoon pep
per- Serve hot Immediately. For
richer soup. use IL cups milk and
just before serving add 4 cups cream
Possibly some of the readers. who
have made oyster stew for a crowd
would like to contribute Their
method.
Please help me fine recipe that
lost with other household belong.
ings destroyed in the last war in tn,
Philippine Islands. During ovel
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15
FIOaOer Philosophy

My grandma used to say to me
A garden was the place to be
When ! was overcome by doubt
And showed tendency to pout;
a place where any troubled
child
Could find, in colors running
wild
And fragrances to soothe the
soul,
The balm to make his spirit
whole.
Since / am grown, my garden
fills
Prescriptions for so many ills;
That's where I diligently bury
The woe ] find too great to
carry.
Most troubles that my fate dis
closes
Can be dug in beside my roses.
My fingers, fumbling in the sod,
Can touch the healing hand Of
God.
-Arthur Frederic otis.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15

When you come to get married
always look up the grandfather. 1t
saves such lot of trouble after
wards.-F. 9oplinson Smith.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15

Here's real opportunity build complete sUu in
short te Lovely fully guaranteed silverare, made by
the largest manufacturer Of sverware. Beautiful genuine
Bede pattern, adding sparkle and distinction to your table.
START with ihreepieee sefNins-kne, fork teaspoon
genuine 81 100 value yours for only SOC when you buy
Nashs Coffee Add other and other pieces, with the
same saving, quickly as you like.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-10-15

Please help me find a recipe that /
lost with other household belong
ings destroyed in the last war in the
Philippine Islands. During over
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01

Baron Frary Won Blomberg of
Boston, international Relations
Consel, has just returned from an
eight month trip abroad where
he conferred with many world
leaders.
During the Baron's stay in Al
exandria, Egypt, he was decorat-
ed by His Majesty King Zog OF
Albania. Some of the other world
leaders with whom he met in
cIuded: Former King Talal;
Prince Naif of Transjordan;
Prince Omar Farouk; son of the
last Caliph of Turkey; Vice Chan
celIor Butcher Of Germany and
King Gustav of Sweden.
On special occasions he was the
guest of honor at affairs given by
Princess Yolanda, oldest daugh-
ter of King Victor Emmanuel and
the Greek Patriarch Athenagoras
in IstanbUl.
This last trip Of the Baron's in
cluded spending some time in
Jugoslavia, Italy, and the Holy
Land as well as various places in
England and Scotland,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01
Candidate Brown
For Equal RIGHTS

Mr.. John D. Brown, candidate
for election to the House of Rep
resentatives from Ward 4, is mar
ried and lives with his wife and
daughter at II Hemenway st. He
received his education at Boston
University.
He takes great pride and per
sonal satisfaction in the fact that
from the first year he became
a member of the Massachusetts,
Legislature in 1912, he champi-
oned the cause and rights of the
colored people. 1t is in the rec
ords at the State House that it
was he who sponsored and had
enacted a resolution memorable
ing the United States Congress
in Washington condemning the
southern lynching atrocities. He
voted for the Fair Employment
Practice Law and voted for the
law abolishing segregation of coli
ored and white soldiers. He is
a member of the N.A.AC.P. and
the Harriet Tubman House; and
during World War II he served
in Naval Intelligence in the U. S.
Navy and later as a representa-
tive of UNRRA in the Middle
East.
Here, nearer our own homes,
he not only worked to protect the
rights of all minority groups, but
has always been on the lookout
to help in the everyday needs
that come up, such as arranging
to have the sidewalk paved on
Carleton st. from Yarmouth st.
to w. Newton st., and also to pro-
vide the little attentions such as
ice cream and candy on the 4th
of July for the little children at
their playground on w. Canton
st. and Carleton st.
Through John Browns efforts
he is sponsoring new little chill
dren's playground at the corner
of w. Rutland So. and Claremont
ct
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01
CHRIST TEMPLE
Rerf. w. u. Fisher. d..

Come one, come all, Tuesday
night, Nov. 4, at $3.50. There will
be a big service here when the
Seven Scales will be preached by
seven ministers who will bring
their choirs. You are invited to
worship with us. Something you
never have seen before, There
will be churchmen in the dining
hall. The churches are Concord,
st. Paul A.M.E., Emmanuel Tenn
pie, Union Baptist, Grant A.M.E.,
and Walls A.M.E. Zion.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01

and which always seems to make
me want to go places and do
things. She is really an inspira-
ton. When it comes to painting
living pictures with words,
Gladys Fuller has that power,
Those who have heard these two
artists know what l am talking
about. Those who have never
heard them had better take adj
vantage of the opportunity to do
so, Sunday, November 9, $3.50
PM, New England Mutual Hall.
At the piano will be Carmen
Fuller, whose playing has thrilled
all who heard her, and she is
said to be an accompanist to
make the singer sing. Don't miss
this rare treat.
Folks who were fortunate
enough to get in to the Musical
Tea held Sunday, October 10, at
$50 Mass. ave-, are still talking
about the way the members of
Juno Circle sang the closing
number on the program. The en-
tire program was continually APP
plauded by the audience who
overran the Hall; but when !
called for the members of Juno
to come out and sing 'Let Us
Break Bread Together" for the
final number, it seems that they
stole the show. We have been
singing, at the meetings of the
Circle, for several months, now,
and contributed two numbers to
the program at our late Forest
ers' Sermon, which was held in
St. Paul Church, Cambridge, last
May; but never heard my girls
sing like they sang the 10Th. For
several years, l have been the
Deputy High Chief Ranger of the
Circle, the only man who can
enter without special permission;
so you know I have to cause
music to be made wherever I go.
Good idea for girls to join them.
You can get particulars from
May E. Whittier, TAB Columbus
ave. Come with lis and it will
do YOU good.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01
BAYNTON FOR
FULL EQUALITY

Gordon ID, Boynton who was
first elected to the House of Rep
resentatives in 1s46 and re-elect-
ed in 1948 has long been mem
Der of Ward 4. A lawyer by pro-
fession he was graduated from
Boston University Law School in
1925 and was admitted to the
Massachusetts and Maine Bars in
the same year. He is a director
of many charities including the
Arts Foundation Of Boston. He is
a member of the Mass. Civic
League, Boston University Lodge
A. r. g. A. M, Aleppo Temple
Shrine, the Harriet Tubman
House and the N.A.A.C.P. Mr..
Boynton served three years in
the 10th Cavalry. He served as
counsel for the Mass. Labor Re-
lations Commission for five years
and because Of his service, John
J. Murphy, New England Region
al Director Of the American Fed
GRAFTON of Labor has this to say
about Mr.. Boynton:
e. We have been very for
tunate in having a man with At
torney Boynton's knowledge. Of
labor laws to try cases for the
State Labor Relations Commits
sion I am very happy to
know that while Attorney Boyn-
ton is leaving one branch OF the
Government service, he is. to con-
tinue in a field in which he is
well acquainted ="
and the State Legislative Board,
Brotherhood of Railroad Train
men, has this to say about Mr..
Boynton:
''I have been instructed by the
State Legislative Board of the
Brotherhood to advise you that
the Brotherhood endorses you for
reelection to the House from the
Fourth Suffolk District" - John
r. McIsaac.
Mr.. Boynton has continually
fought for labor's rights and for
old age pensions, He success
fully supported law in the
House which ended the segrega-
ton of eolored and white troops
in the Armed Forces, and he sue
cessfully supported the Fair En-
pIoyment Practice Act which pro-
hibits the discrimination in the
employment of workers in regard
to race, creed or color.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01


Speaking for the NAACP last
Sunday, Clarence Mitchell indi-
Gated that Eisenhower, Nixon and
the Republicans held little hope
for civil rights and inferred that
the way to win them was there
fore to vote the Stevenson
Sparkman Democratic ticket. In
spite of the Peace Progressive
PaFty's fortnight support for
civil rights, attested to by the
nomination of Mrs. Charlotte A..
Bass, a colored woman, for Vice
President, Mr.. Mitchell shrugged
of a Progressive vote because
"colored citizens should use their
votes strategically" to accomplish
political results. Granted that
an INSTRUMENTATION Republican
vote will not win civil rights.
But is it strategic to vote for
Stevenson and Sparkman?
Stevnson said in New York,
Aug. %, that he would support
FEPC "when states failed to act
"a completely phony state law
would satisfy this requirement.
"and inequalities Of treatment
persist. Aren't 1913 yearsof in
equalities long enough to satisfy
Stevenson?
Sparkman stated in Mobile in
1850, I'VE Southern Senators are
pledged to use every parliament
tary device possible to defeat civil
rights legislation" Sen. Sparkmsn
would be the presiding officer of
the U. S. Senate and would make
the rulings on all parliamentary
points during any civil rights
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01
Memorial Services
AT ST. CYprian's

Memorial exercises will be held
at st. Cyprian's Episcopal Church,
fremont and Walpole sts., Rox-
bury, Sunday, November 2, for
the members of the parish who
have departed this life in the
past year.
At 7:30 and II AM. the Holy
Communion for All Saints Day
will be celebrated and the faith
full departed remembered in
prayers. At the morning celebra-
ton, the Rector, the Rev. Nathan
Wright, Jr., will preach on the
subject, Keeping the Faith" The
choir of men and boys, Elwyn
B arrow, director, will sing
Mobiles "Souls Of the Righteous"
for the offertory.
Those to be remembered in
clude: Daisy Costa Martin, Nath-
an Walters, Peter Hutton, Grace
Peterson, Edward Sims, Frank
Noodle, Edith Stuart, Fredrieka
Cooper, Eugene Roundtree, Hen
ry Jackson, Thomas Noble, Jacob
Anderson, George Wilson, Harry
Robinson, Fred Hart, Arthur
Uriah Brown, Josiah Gaynor,
Cecilia Taylor, Jacqueline Ora
ham Moore, and Ruth Boyle.
At the 7:S0 Pm. Service of
Evening Prayer, the Rector will
preach on The Blessedness of
Sorrow. During a roll call Of
the deceased members, mention
will be made Of the blessings be-
slowed upon others by each Of
the faithful departed.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01

orleans for three hundred years.
| No other citizenry has carried
that cross. Not even the people
of the USSR. 1t is almost a joke
when the Ruarks and Winchells
try to tell us about slavery. A
very grim joke.
- 80 80
THE FACT is, that Colored
American voters next week will
60 to the polls weighing greater
considerations and understand
ings of the overall political sig
nifcance of the 1852 campaign
than most Americans. Since
economically last hired-and-first-
fred, the economic plight Of. the
nation will be weighed carefully.
And what is happening on Civil
Rights in Capetown through
Lagos, concerns our liberties in
Atlanta and Birmingham.
90 - 80
THE LONG VIEW, as the Chi
nese so aptly term it, is what the
colored citizen and voter is util-
izing today. So many other
people are using short and mar
row and selfishly destructive view
by comparison. The colored AM
erican, even in bondage, held
this '1ong view into the future.
A Catholic friend once told me
that it America ever reached
grave peril, he believed the COLI
ored peoples faith would save
the nation,
80 RA @@
THE VOTE next week should
be for good Americans who will
serve all Americans, regardless
of race, creed, or color. Because
America is the people of all races,
creeds, and eolors. We should
vote for Americans who are 60
ing to build and make friends for
America and keep our Ship of
State on the safe seas Of DEM
ocracy; free from the entangling
perils of all alien-isms-inelud-
ing Colonialism.
80 &c 80
| NO WAR, if one is contem-
plated, will bring about the "solu-
tons" Of the world problems. II
is going to take a strong admin
istration of genuine democracy
in America and throughout the
world. Mr.. Hitler, the British
and other European colonialists
have already dragged American
troops into three futile wars. Nc
solution was cached. May this
fact impess candidates and voters
; alike.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01
COLUMBUS AVE.
A.M.E. ZION CHURCH
Rev. James G, Brown, D.D. parte

Rev. James c. Brown, DID,, Pastor
Last Sunday morning the pas
tor delivered an inspiring mes
sage to the large congregation
that filled the auditorium. His
theme was The true crown for
Christian joy. Luke 1920 and
read from the new revised stand
ard Bible. Two people came for
ward and united with the Church.
Mrs. Ruth Hines of Columbus.
Ca and Mrs. Ruth Pincknev
Many visitors were present. In
the afternoon, the pastor, accom-
panied by the Senior Choir and
Gospel Choir attended the Home
Coming Rally at 18th Baptist
Church, DR.. w. H. Hester, pastor.
who, presented Rev. Brown in
glowing terms to the large con-
gregation who enjoyed listening
TO the message he brought. The
fine hospitality extended by pas
Tor ana members, OF the 18th
Baptist Church was appreciated
and DR.. Hester and his congrega-
ton are extended a most cordial
invitation to visit Zion. The
Christian Endeavor Hour will
have as tn eguest speaker, Miss
Gladys Brown. All the young
people are invited to come out.
The meetings are held every
Sunday from 500 to 700 PM
Sunday, Nov. ? we shall observe
what is known, as, "All Saints
Day" and are looking forward in
having a capacity crowd on that
DAY. Come one, come all and let
rs have a High time in the Lord.
HORACE HODSDEN
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1952-11-01
0'Banyoun's
Observations

The Samuel Coleridge- Taylor
Musical Association concert, on
Thursday, October %, at Eben-
ezer Baptist Church, was very
well attended by an appreciative
audience. Nora lie Singletary,
soprano, Gladys Pierce, contralto,
and Louisa L. Batun, pianist,
performed with a unity of pur-
pose seeming to make each sue
ceeding number more interst-
ing than the preceding one, and
finishing with a climax of the
evenings work in a way which
kept the audience leaning for
ward in anticipation of the next
number, and they were never
disappointed. Joenelle Bryant,
who accompanied both singers,
did a wonderful evenings work,
supporting but never overshading
the singers, and they rode in
confidence on her support. The
members of the Association iden-
titled themselves with a red
flower apiece, and an air of honey
informality greatly enhanced the
entertainment.
Next fourth Sunday meeting
OF the Samuel Coleridge- Taylor
Association will be November %,
at $40 PM, when the program
will take the form of an appre-
citation to DR.. Walter o. Taylor,
for his years of service as
physician, musician, fraternity
man, and general eminence as. a
citizen. Full details of the pro-
gram will be released later in the
GUARDIAN.
Almost everybody knows the
ability of Matilda Birch to charm
with her voice that never dies,