davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-11-02

HNBW-1o:1s, Church In the WlIdwssd; 1850,
Mass for shut-ins; II, This Weeks News
Ia Review; Ills, Industry On Parade;
1l;3o. Frsatisrs Of Faith; u, ysur Jurlsr
Review; I, Ysuth wants ts Know; 1:3o,
hspaleas Cassidy.
Evening star., 1952-11-02
Friday, November 7. 1852

wNBw-s:ss, Tsdy On the Farm; 7, Tsaay; 1:2s,
News; 7:3o, Isdsy; 7:ss. issk to his
Dsy; .. Tsday; s:1s, News; s:3e, rsday;
s:s3. Tsay 10 washington; $40, Mar
saFet's kitehsa; 10, Mrs. v. s. A.; 1850,
Music Time; II. United Natisas; u, Guest
Seek; 17:3e, Little Piayhsuss; 1. Feature
Playhouse; Z, industy On Parade; 7:1s,
jsnathaa StsU; 7:3e, haneys Nstebssk;
), Dig Pysff; 3:3e, welcome Travellers.
wTe-1eis, cartssa rhsatsr; te,se, Early BIRD
Iheater; u, Msvistsas News; 17.is,
| Midday Chapel, t2:3e. Brssdway Matiase;
i 12:ls, kssatime News; I, Feature Film;
Evening star., 1952-05-09
Permanent Collection
OF American Art Back
In Corcoran Gallery

The permanent collection of
American art at the Corcoran
Gallery Of Art, removed for the
last six months to make room for
the special exhibition, privately
owned" was again placed on
view at the gallery today.
The installation, which fills IL
galleries includes several addi-
tions to the Corcoran's collection
and a number of important loans.
OF special. local interest are
two portraits by Constantine
Brumidi, famous for his frescoes
in the Capitol, loaned to the Cor
coran by Mr.. and Mrs. Charles H.
Tompkins.
Other loans include a portrait
of Dolly Madison at the age of
SO. painted by w. S. Elwell and
lent by Miss Sarah F. Schroeder.
and paintings by John Neagle
and Richard c. Woodville, lent
by Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene S. Pleas
anton and Mrs. Roger H. Will
liamS.
Additions to the gallery's per-
manent collection include works
by James Peale, early 18th cen
tury artist and Edmund Archer,
nationally known artist who is
a teacher at the Corcoran School
of Art.
Evening star., 1952-05-09
500 Dutch Pupils Cards
Hail Welcome 10 Queen

The Commissioners yesterday
received a packet Of nearly 500
postcards from Dutch school chill
dren, expressing thanks for WASH
|ington's welcome to Queen Juliana
last month.
The packet was addressed to
the Mayor Of Washington,
q. 8. A." from the Prins Willem
school. Vlissingen, Holland.
The cards bear painstakingly
lettered messages in English, such
las:
II thank you for your kind
greetings to our queen and prince, I"
or '''Thank you very much for
your welcome to our queen"
Commissioner F. Joseph DON
ohue suggested the cards might
be sent on to the Board Of Ed
ucation.
Maybe DR.. Corning (Supt. Of
schools Hobart M. Corning) can
teach our children to answer them
in Dutch" he said.
Evening star., 1952-05-09
Gen. Hershey Pruises
Droft Board Members

Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey,
director of Selective Service. to-
day made public a letter he has
sent to all local draft board men,
bers and other unpaid members
of the selective service system.
In 1t, he praises them for their
efforts and urges them to par
ticipate in Armed Forces Day,
May II.
Evening star., 1952-05-09
Tract Leased for Parking
AT Virginia Ave. and 18th

A five-acre tract at Virginia
avenue and Twenty-sixth street
NV. has been leased for parking
lot.
The area was rented on a five
year lease to Parking Services,
Inc, by the Washington Gas Light
Co. Officials said section of the
tract will be open on Monday. Full
use Of the lot, however, must await
a favorable decision by the Zoning
Board. At present, commercial
zoning covers only a portion of the
lot.
Leon Lamb. Of the parking lot
concesSionnaires. said about 1000
cars could be accommodated, IL
the entire lot was used.
Evening star., 1952-01-06

French, Dutch Positions .
A sharp drop in natural rubber re-
ceiptS from Indo-China would hit
factory production in France. The
Netherlands economy, and dollar po-
sition, would be weakened if Indo-
neSian rubber supplies failed.
Factory wheels all over Western
Europe would move slower at q time
when Gen. Eisenhower is calling for
greater production to strengthen the
NATO nations against the Commu-
mist threat. And. If the economy of
Western Europe becomes worse, the
inevitable appeal for more American
dollars can be expected quickly.
American rubber experts, both
Government and industrial, make no
attempt to conceal the seriousness of
the situation in Asia. For those who
remember tire rationing and short
ages of rubber goods during World
War II, they bluntly warn you amt
seen nothin' yet" if the Far Eastern
plantations are lost. II the United
States is forced to meet the rubber
demands Of Western Europe
has no appreciable synthetic industry
now-the shortages and rationing of
the early 1940s will seem like a picnic.
There just won't be enough rubber to
4 go around.
Evening star., 1952-01-06

partly by French customs policies,
designed to keep the territory as a
market and raw materials base for
French industry, partly because the
French farmers, complained that in
dustrial. employment opportunities
would raise wages and make their
laborers too independent" and
partly because the territory has not
accumulated sufficient investment
capital.
The political situation is such that
the NationaliSts and the French
administration use up most of their
energies in fighting each other. The
Arabs resent their state of economic
and political inferiority in a country
where they constitute over 80 per
cent Of the population; their language
has been deprived of official status,
all education and administration in
Algeria being carried out in French.
Naturally, they resent the heavy
handed bureaucratic police regime,
which believes that by being tough
toward "few agitators," it can
permanently solve the national ques-
ton.
This situation has led to a real
danger that in the event of war,
especially If 1t began with Soviet
advance into Eastern Europe, the
Communists would begin partisan
Evening star., 1952-01-06

learned that the much more secret
MGB has taken it over. This is the
zone from which huge deportations
have taken place-from the Karelian
Isthmus and the Battles through the
Balkans, and the Caucasus, and
around to the Pacific. Washington
political experts say the deporta-
tions prove how uncertain the Com
munists are about the loyalty of So
Wet citizens.
S. The fifth iron curtain is really
big. It consists of the areas into
which no foreigner may enter. It
was described in notes from the So
Wet government to all foreign en-
bassies in Moscow on September 80,
1948.
This zone extends from the border
hundreds of miles toward the interior.
1t includes large sections in the very
center of the Soviet Union. 1t in
cludes one area. Kazakstan, which
lies north of Iraq, Afghanistan and
India, that is half the size of the
United States. Western experts think
this zone hides new Russian industrial
areas, rev military establishments,
and further, areas in which there
have been sporadic revolts.
Even Russian citizens may not
travel in the first four zones-except
the small number who are permitted
to live in the fourth zone. Russians,
Evening star., 1952-01-06
By Sierid Arne

There are five iron curtains
not just one-Surrounding the whole
Soviet Union. They run along the
tremendous Soviet border, from
Norway on the northwest, around
the south past Afghanistan and
India, and up the Pacific coast to
the Bering Straits.
News about the five curtains has
slipped out of the Soviet Union
piecemeal since the Russians moved
tens Of thousands of Poles out of
Eastern Poland early in World War
II.
Information comes from refugees
from the satellite nations in Europe,
from Russians who have escaped and
turned against their government,
from secret papers found during
World War II, and from published
Russian law.
The story has been pieced to-
gether in Washington by Russian
experts. both In and out of the gov
ernment.
Experts say Moscow set up these
curtains for two reasons: To keep
unwanted foreigners out of the coun-
try and to prevent Russian citizens
from escaping into the free world.
They point out that under Com
munist beliefs the world is really at
war. a war for mems minds; that the
Evening star., 1952-01-06
:1f1SkSAAl

however, can seek to travel in the
area forbidden to foreigners, but it
is difficult to arrange.
In theory, the rest of Sovietland Is
open to foreigners. But the govern
ment somehow finds it impossible
to furnish travellers with railroad
tickets and hotel accommodations in
those areas.
There is a sardonic note in these
iron curtains. For all Moscow's talk
about the brotherhood of the "Peo-
pies Democracies," the Russians have
carefully set up the five iron curtains
between the Soviet Union proper and
their satellite nations in Middle >Eu-
rope-Poland, Czechoslovakia, Ru-
mania, Hungary and Bulgaria.
Even so, the satellites have their
own ring of iron curtains on their
outer European borders. There is
evidence coming in that the Russians
are running their barriers down the
middle of Germany and Austria
even while they talk of peace treaties
for the two nations.
Russian experts in WASHINGTON are
appalled, by the extreme wastefulness
OF such a border system. Thousands
OF men are apparently tied down for
guard duty in nation that needs
manpower badly for ambitious indus
trialization plans.
(The Associated PreSs.l
Evening star., 1952-01-06
Soviet Erects 5 Iron Curtains on Its Borders

Russians are up against a more
serious problem than keeping out
troops and tanks. They must also
try to keep out Western ideas.
Here are descriptions of the five
curtains:
l. At the actual border there is a
strip Of plowed ground Is feet wide.
This is to catch the footprints of
any one who may have escaped dur
ing the night.
2. Next there is a border about
1900 feet wide that is threaded with
barbed wire. There is reason to be-
lieve that this whole network is
electrified so that if the fence is cut
at night, signal flashes at the
nearest patrol station. This, at least,
has been reported for specific spots.
3. Next is strip about 4 miles
wide, which is just a no-man's land.
1t contains barricades and field
mines. Former residents have been
deported. Border guards patrol the
area with dogs and aided by spot
lights.
4. The next strip is about IA miles
wide. Here families live, till the
ground and workout only if they
have a special permit from the Min
istry Of State Security-the super
secret MGB. The famous MVD, the
Ministry of Interior, used to run this
strip. But Washington experts have
Evening star., 1952-01-06
North Africa Gains Importance in Europe's Defense

to-date social, political and propa-
ganda methods to maintain the good
will which Britain earned in liberat-
ing the territory from Italian misrule.
In French North Africa, the terri
tories full economic development is
thwarted by the French policy of
settling as many Frenchmen there
as possible for political reasons, Civ
ing them preferential treatment
against the Arabs, who are thereby
kept at low standard of living with
mass unemployment.
AS a result, agricultural production
has failed to keep pace with popula-
ton growth and Algeria, formerly a
wheat exporter, now has to import
wheat. This is due mainly to the
poverty and backWardnesS of the
Arabs, who obtain less than half the
yield per acre of the French settlers:
If the Arabs were helped, too, Algeria
could again achieve food surplus,
saving shipping and port facilities,
improving the standard of living and
reducing political frictions.
North Africa needs industrial de-
velopment, for which 1t possesses the
raw materials, both to raise STAN
dards Of living and tc create a pool
OF skilled labor from which military
needs might be met. Until now in
naturalization has been delayed
Evening star., 1952-01-06

wrong conclusion that a thrown
blade might have caused the crash.
Our men have to treat an air
crash as the FBI treats a major
crime" a spokesman said, "and they
will get as many clues out of
wreck, normally, as a detective will
gather on the crime scene"
A tiny bit of metal or even ashes
may be the clue.
In the crash Of a TWA Constella-
ton at Reading. Pa, in 1916, a bolt
not much larger than a pint milk
bottle was found to be faulty-and
the cause Of the accident.
Such evidence is sent to the Ma
tional Bureau of Standards for chem
ical and metallurgical tests and X
raying. Aircraft instruments may
unfold the story.
One Of Mr.. Fluet's early moves in
the Elizabeth accident was to broad
cast plea for any parts that might
have fallen from the stricken air.
craft before impact.
Then he impounded all records of
the flight, the aircraft and its main-
tenance; weight-and- balance mani
fest. and made thorough check Of
the pilots qualifications.
Another quick move is the round
ing up of witnesses for interrogation
teams. Some of the stories they
tell are apocryphal. but we have to
hear them all for final evaluation, -
the spokesman said.
Children, even as young as 8,
often make the best witnesses be-
cause they don't profess to know
enough to tell any more than they
actually saw"
The actual investigation goes for
ward under four teams:
Power plant specialists from the
engine manufacturer and propeller
maker.
Structure specialists from the air.
craft manufacturer and from CAB.
Flight path experts. usually made
up of CAA tower operators.
Interrogation specialists.
In coNecting all possible evidence,
Evening star., 1952-01-06

including technical reports from the
four teams Of experts, the CAB in
vestigative machinery is moving
toward one object-the public hear
ing.
Hearing in the Elizabeth, N. j.
crash is set for next Thursday. The
material is presented before a s.
member panel. operating under civil
court procedure.
Two-Phose Report
One of the best examples of CABS
sleuthing and preventive operations
is double-phase report out of Bryce
Canyon, Utah, and Gallup, N. Mex, in
the fall of 1947.
Both involved fires in fight. After
a United Air Lines transport crashed
and killed all aboard at Bryce Cam
yon, CAB sought the cause of the fire
which started the plane toward death
and destruction.
Magnesium ashes were found in a
part of the plane where no magne-
sium would normally be in the struc-
ture. It was finally traced to para
chute flares which contain magne-
SUM and the Line was ordered to
remove them.
Ten days went by before fire struck
again in the identical manner-but
this time without loss of life. An
American Air Lines plane, also a
Deg. made an emergency, fiery
landing at Gallup.
The CAB and the plane manufac-
turer launched exhaustive tests of
plane and equipment. The findings:
In transferring gasoline from one
tank to another. the overflow was
carried back by the slipstream enter
ing the cabin heater combustion air
intake scoop.
All the planes were Immediately
ordered grounded by CAB until al
terationS were made.
"One of the reasons the board
must remain independent" the
spokesman explained. 'is that we
have to be free to hnd any one
guilty" -
Evening star., 1952-01-06

uprisings. French confidence that
communism is weak among Arabs"
ignores the elasticity of Communist
tactics, which depend on exploiting
nationalist sentiment rather than
converting the masses to communism.
They could probably form ma
tional liberation committee with
one or two Nationalist and religious
f1gureheads, while Communist con-
troll of the movement could be in
sured by tactics now familiar in
Europe and Asia.
Such movement could effectively
paralyze aid to European defense at
a vital moment. So long as the
Nationalist leaders are in prison or
exile, or so long as they despair of
any peaceful solution to offer their
people, few Arabs would oppose the
uprising with good heart; yet the
French are relying on Algerian and
Moroccan troops.
While the French, spurred by
Egyptian developments, are now hop
ing to win British backing for their
North African policy, Algerian and
Tunisian Nationalist leaders have not
yet given up hope that British and
American advice may persuade the
French to permit a peaceful solu-
ton before it is too late.
Copyright, Observer Foreign News service.)
Evening star., 1952-01-06
r Crash Detectives Have Neor-Perfect Record

it could have landed and fly within
10 miles of areas where an emergency
landing could have been made.
The crew of another aircraft cruiS-
ing above Flight 624 reported hearing
by radio what they termed Scream
ing voices, unintelligible transmits
sion" and then, 'this is an emergency
descent"
The voice of the pilot. preserved
on tape recording, solved the mystery
Of Flight 624. Amplified and cleared
OF a part of the garble, the voice
reported that fire extinguisher had
been released in the forward cargo
pit.
The solution: The extinguisher's
fumes had flooded the cockpit. "The
pilots were physically unable to per-
form their flight dutes." They had
been on the point of suffocation
when the plane crashed.
Specialists Alerted
Notice of an air crash reaches the
CAB by several meanS-police, news
papers, press associations, witnesses.
1t alerts highly trained experts in
power plants, in aircraft structure,
in propellers and radio-some of
them from CAB; others from the
aircraft industry.
First notice of the crash is relayed
to the Bureau of Safety Investiga-
ton. In the case of the Elizabeth
crash. jurisdiction was handed to the
New York regional Office, headed by
Joseph o. Fluet, veteran pilot and
engineer.
When he arrived on the scene an
hour later, police had roped of the
area. but Mr.. Fluet Immediately
posted extra guards first, to pre-
vent morbid souvenir hunters from
taking parts of the wreckage; second
to prevent looting by criminals.
In one crash two years ago. CAB
investigators arriving on the scene
caught passing motorist carrying
away propeller blade. Its loss to
investigators, had the man walked
away with it, could have led to
Evening star., 1952-01-06
By ChorIes J. Yorbrouqh

"A considerable number of pieces
of the airplane were identified :"
To busy Civil Aeronautics Board
investigators, that despair-laden SEN
tence is all too familiar: far too in
dicative Of the seemingly hopeless
task of determining a cause of the
crash.
Yet only seven major air-carrier
accidents remain on CABS books as
unsolved in the last 13 years and
several of those were instances in
which the wreckage has never been
recovered.
The years end brought new and
doleful chores for the little band of
experts. "Sixty-f1ve dead in seven
air crashes" the headlines ran. Al
ready too old to be included in that
figure was the December Is crash
at Elizabeth, N. j.. which claimed Sc
lives.
Only SO Experts
To determine the cause of acci-
dents and therefore to prevent them
is one OF the four major functions
Of CAB. Smallest Of all independent
Federal agencies. it can hardly mus
ter so expert investigators on its own
rolls. yet it is the only agency en-
powered to investigate civil air acci-
dents.
This story's opening sentence, al
though repeated in scores Of accident
reports, appears in the probe of
United Air Lines Flight 624-a 4
engine DC-6 which crashed near
Mount Carmel, Pa. in 1949, killing
all 43 persons aboard.
IAN explosion just after impact
scattered the wreckage over an area
$50 feet long and ITS feet wide"
the report reads.
There were no clues. There were
no survivors, who might have given
CAB clean picture of what had
happened.
Before the crash. observers had
seen Flight s24 pass one field where
Evening star., 1952-01-06
BY A. v. Shermon

LONDON.-One result of the sig
nif1cant development in weapons and
logistics since 1945 has been to in
crease the importance of the North
African littoral to European defense
In face of the weight and speed of
modern weapons, the European con-
tinent continues to Shrink" and
Western military planners have to
reckon on the possibility of q Soviet
thrust overrunning areas which, in
former wars, would have been bases.
The defense Of Europe, therefore,
comes to depend on support from ex-
tra-European bases, from which
counter offensives could also be
launched.
Fortunately the Mediterranean has
"shrunk" in time and space. From
Lbyan bases. jet aircraft, flying 200
miles an hour faster than piston
engined fighters, can operate over
Yugoslavia, Greece and Bulgaria,
while from French North Africa
their combat area includes Italy and
most Of France. All European air
fields are accessible to troop-carrying
and cargo aircraft from North Africa.
At the same time, the North Afri-
can coast remains safe from attack
by armies not enjoying overwhelm-
ing naval and air superiority.
Egyptian intransigeance and Brit
aims loss Of Palestine have given
Libya new strategic significance.
During the last war Libya constituted
q westward extension, strategically.
of the Suez Canal Zone, on which it
was based, whereas now it forms an
eastward extension of Morocco's At
lantic coaStline. Four good ports on
the Atlantic coast of Morocco, which
stretches southwest for TOO miles,
push their rail links through Al
geria and TuniSia as far as the Gulf
Of Gabes on Libya's borders. A road
system, now being overhauled, car
ries on as far as the Nile delta.
Libyo Covers the coost
AS the last war showed, Libya can
serve as training ground and reserve
area for whole armies, provided its
lines Of communication are safe
guarded.
At Port Lyautey, in Western Mo-
rocco, Americans have built q termi-
nal for transatlantic flights. Giant
C-74s fly In from the Azores with
heavy loads. Besides their four air.
bases in Morocco, Americans are en-
larging Wheelus Field, transport
command base near Tripoli.
North Africa's strategic potentiali-
ties can be effectively exploited only
If overall policies are adopted to
tackle the areas political problems
and economic weakness. Libya's prob
lens are relatively straightforward;
it needs economic aid to help main
tain its million Inhabitants, develop
its natural resources, and pay it's
civil servants. Britain and America
hope to maintain their present rela-
tionship with Libya by which they
are granted the use of military bases
in exchange for economic aid, and
hope to sign treaties to this effect
with the newly independent Iibyan
government.
At present dangerous current Of
xenophobia is growing in Libya, en-
couraged by Arab League activity and
might later result in q Persian-style
avalanche of anti-British fanaticism
(even though this would eventually
be detrimental to Libya's interests,
unless it is eountered by 9iore up
Evening star., 1952-06-08

VENICE, Calif.-The seemingly
Inever-ending city limits of Los
Angeles take in mountains, desert
a harbor and movieland. Ano
they come down to the smooth
white beaches of Santa Monica
Bay at this point, which is Venice
Venice is about midway along
the 40-mile arc of Santa Monica
Bay. sweeping gracefully be-
tween points Dune and San Vim
cente about 10 miles from down
town Los Angeles and Hollywood
1t began generation ago as
"a counterpart of the Italian city
with canals and gondolas and q
miniature stream thrown in
Some of the canals remain, but
Venice is famous today for hav-
ing one of the best stretches oil
bathing beach in the Nation.
The beach is 6 miles Ions
and $50 feet wide. Venice ac-
Iquired it by lifting it bodily, via
Ia gaint pipeline. from a range OF
sand dunes short distance in.
land.
There is 10-acre athletic
center, where the muscular beach
boys practice on the rings ano
apparatus. and a big childrens
playground, as we'll as numerous
other newly built bathing facili-
ties.
Evening star., 1952-06-08

from the rise of Ludgate Hill ir
an ethereal cloud of brilliance.
At Trafalgar Square, by Char
ing Cross, floodlights emphasize
the dramatic architecture of the
National Gallery. Nearby, the
thin-spired church of St. Mar
Itin's-in- -the-Fields is also pin.
pointed in light.
To many Americans, this church
has an oddly familiar look: il
served as a model for some of the
iprettiest white wooden churches
in New England many years ago
Another favorite sight in Ira.
falgar Square is Nelson's Monu.
ment, which seems to soar after
dark in the circle of brilliance
around its 184-foot pedestal.
Many other architectural fea
lures of the city also are lighted
for the tourist season.