davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26

size Of an orange. Fake samples
Of their art are sold to gullible
tourists but l only saw one real
such head and that was in the
home of a wealthy doctor in
Panama City.
Let's see, we got off on this
subject because of last weeks
cold spell, didn't we? That's
right. Well, if 1t gets too cold in
Key West, the backcountry Of
Panama is the place to 60 to live
warmly, comfortably, and eco-
nomically.
Not in the jungles -- those
jungles aren't like you see in
movie pictures where an ex-
plorer is able to chop his way
with a machete. We had one fly.
er who tried that and after six
days he had progressed less than
half a mile. The mosquitoes and
the chiggers nearly killed him -
not other Inhabitants of the
jungle such as huge snakes, cats,
etc. From Rio Hata to Chiriqui
Grande, you can live cheaply
enough without any of the com.
forts Of home. All the bananas
you want, tool
There is money in Panama in
mahogany If you know what
you're doing. I had q friend
Boudreau by name, who saw
those huge mahogany trees an6
imagined himself the next Johr
D. Rockefeller With every penny
he could rake up, he bough'
equipment and went into tht
forests. He cut thousands of fee
OF mahogany but forgot one i'm
portant thing - the rains. Whel
they came he lost his logs, hi
, equipment, his everything. He i
now making a good living work
ing on the Canal locks. 1t doesn'
take a cloud for II to rain in tha
country. Sometimes the waite.
actually seems to come out o
the sun.
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26
THIS ROCK OF OURS
BY BILL GLIB

Yesterday we were talking
about Panama. At least I was
writing about it. Any man OF
woman who has spent time in
the service eventually lands up
down there. Few get to really
know the place and the average
tourist only sees its exterior
filth.
Panama City, the big town Of
the Republic, is usually remem-
bered by visitors as being COM
posed of about six blocks of Gen.
tral Ave. from the railroad sta
ton. This area is filled with
nightclubs, souvenir stores, tattoo
stalls, etc. It's side streets are
covered with small bars, prosti-
tutes, and general filth.
The real Panama City is seldom
visited by Americans - the real
being any port except those first
few blocks of Central Ave. Per-
haps I was fortunate because
had hundreds of friends amongst
the Bomberos (firefighters), and
the National Police. (Yet - tisk,
tisk - l can't get along with our
own local gendarmesD. Your
Panamanian may be white OF
black; he may be Hindu, Chinese
or San Bias Indian. But if you
treat him like man and respect
his womenfolk, you'll find thai
he is a true friend.
Incidentally, the San Bias In.
dian is an interesting person
The other day l read in q nationa
magazine of the vicious San Blal
who hunt heads to shrink then
as ornaments. 1t must have beer
written with tongue in cheek!
The San Bias are a race livin,
on the East Coast near Miramar
Dimunitive in stature, the mel
are priced in the Canal Zone q
domestic servants. Their wors
habit is tendency to smok,
marijuana at times and an ideal
istic worship of baseball. Tn,
San Bias are only nasty Gus
toners when you 60 on thei
island and perhaps try to moles
their women.
1t is doubtful If the U. S. Arm,
could save your life under thes
conditions.
There is q tribe of Indians 4
the south of Panama that spec
ializes in shrinking heads to tn
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26
BY OVID A. MARTIN

WASHINGTON Up - The EiSen-
hover administration is expected
to build its farm aid programs
largely around efforts to broaden
markets at home and abroad.
This became apparent here
with PreSident-eiect EiSenhower'S S
selection of Ezra T. BenSonsof Salt
Lake City to be secretary of agri-
culture to succeed Charles F.
Brannan, controversial figure in
the Truman official family.
Benson is trained specialist in
agricultural marketing, and as
such believes farmers would need
less federal aid if they did better
job of marketing their products.
Benson's designation fits into a
long-Standing Republican conten-
ton that farm programs of the
RooSevelt-Truman administrations
depended too heavily upon produc-
ton controls and subsidies to hold
up farm prices.
Republicans have promised to
continue farm price support pro-
grams, but they argue that need
for them would be greatly leSSened
if new markets and outlets for
farm SurpluSes could be developed.
Benson said in New York yester-
day he agreed with EiSenhower'S
farm policy statements and the
COP party platform on the sub
ject, but he declined to discuss
specific programs except to say
he favored some price supports.
Eisenhower pulled something of
a surprise on farm leaders in Sc
lecting Benson, who had not been
prominently mentioned for the
post.
Benson headed one of the major
national organizationS-the Nation
al Council of Farmer Co-operatives
between 1889 and 1914, but that
was at a time when agriculture
was faced more with the problem
of producing enough for war needs
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26
IKE is INVITED
TO VISIT INDIA

NEW DELHI, India R-"S Strong
recommendations" have been sent
to U. S. President-elect Eisen.
hover that he visit India enroute
home from Korea, il was reliably
learned here today,
These recommendations, from a
high diplomatic level, argued that
such a visit would end apprehen-
sionS among the Indians that the
Republican victory foreshadowed
a change in U. 5. policy toward
this country.
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26
Will Seek To Improve Both
Foreign And Domestic Marts

rather than a problem of over.
production.
He left the cooperative council
post in 1914 to become an apostle
for the Mormon church.
The new secretary is expected
to:
l. Place great emphasis on use
of the cooperative idea in attack
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26

ing farm problems Of producticA.
and marketing.
?. Urge farmers TO follow Z
practice of depending more on
local self-help and less on federal
aid.
3. Place special emphasis upon
measures aimed at showing farm1
erS how to become more efficient
producers and marketeerS.
4. Make greater use Of state
controlled agricultural extension
services than have his New Deal
and Fair DeaP' predecessors.
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26
AIRLINE EXPANSION

WASHINGTON N - The major
airlines plan a broad expansion
of their air-coach services this
winter and next spring, the Air
Transport Association said.
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-26

Pistols are believed to have been
invented in Pistoia, Italy, about
1540.
Evening star., 1952-04-27
BY Peter Boees

I know you have heard about
Seeing-Eye dogs that lead the
blind about their daily travels, but
have you ever heard about a
"Hearing-Ear" dog? A dog that
acts as ears for a deaf master.
A few years ago, a totally deaf
man was employed in Western
Canada on the highway mainten-
ance department. His job was to
keep a section of mountain road
clear Of rocks which tumbled down
from the hillside. Sometimes huge
boulders crashed from a tremen-
dous height. destroying everything
in their path.
For a normal person, this would
be dangerous, but not impos-
sible, job. But how was a man
who could not hear be able to
carry on this kind of work? Un-
taught, his dog solved that diff
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Photographic Notes

Owners of the Zeiss Ikon Con-
tessa cameras may now possess q
filter kit by EdnaLite. in which
standard type filters may be at
tached to the lens and left on
with the case closed.
Ten awards for progress in
photography have been made by
the editors of Photography maga-
zine to corporations and individ-
uals. The awards are crystal vases
Ion plastic bases bearing a citation.
Photography magazines 18th
annual directory number is out
bearing a May date and contain
ing 124 pages of data with 900
illustrations of equipment. The
first issue came out in May 1887.
Eastman Kodak has issued
new line of Protecto snapshot al
buns, which contain plastic fold
ers for protection of prints.
The new Ektachrome roll film,
type B, when used with clear
fash lamps, performs better with
Ia Wratten 81-C filter, with the
exception of ST and SIN series
lamps.
For owners of roll film cam
eras, a new Kodak information
booklet, Let's Take Kodacolor
Pictures" explains the use Of color
film under outdoor. flash lamp
and flood lamp conditions, with
Icharts, diagrams and illustrations.
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Camera Angles
Evolution Of the Modern Camera

Increased bulk made the cameras
unwieldly and impractical.
Another significant improve
ment came in 1884 when barium
crown glasses of a high refractive
index and low dispersion made
possible the anastigmat lens. De-
velopment of this lens glass is
credited to Otto Schott and
Ernst Able. The first anastigmat
len did not appear, however, until
1890 when it was introduced by
DR.. P. Rudolph of the Carl Zeiss
Optical Works.
First Roll Of Film
In 1885 George Eastman and
William H. Walker produced a
roll-holder which used negative
paper in rolls. This paper was
coated with a Photographic
emulsion and was later made
transparent by new process.
Photography really became
popular pastime in 1888 with the
marketing of the first kodak.
This camera was sold already
loaded with enough film for 100
pictures. When the roll had been
used up the camera was mailed
to the manufacturer who devel-
oped and printed the pictures
and returned them to the maker
together with the reloaded cam
era.
Up until this time most cameras
were large and cumbersome box
like instruments but the roll
holder that dispensed with the
need for plates soon brought the
camera down to a reasonable size.
The appearance of the folding
camera shortly thereafter with its
even greater compactness brought
even more popularity to photog-
raphy. And, with the folding
feature, the camera began to take
on a similarity of appearance to
its present-day counterpart.
Still shrinking in size, the cam
era took another leap in public
favor in the 1920s when miniature
cameras, epitomized by the Leica
of 1924, achieved great popularity.
Oddly enough the first Leica was
designed in 1914 by Oscar Bar
mack but did not go into produc-
ton until 10 years later.
Self Developing Comero
The year 1948 saw the most
radical change in reconstruction
in the history of the camera
This was Edwin Lands one-step
camera that takes a picture, de-
velops the negative and produces
a print-all in one minute. Mega
tive and print paper are brought
together within the camera by
means of rollers that crush a
chemical pod between the two
sensitized surfaces forming a neg
ative image on one and positive
image on the other.
OF course, there have been
numerous other changes and i'm
provements in Genera construc-
ton since the days of the cam
era obscura-too many to men
ton in the allotted space. Those
described above seem tt us to be
the highlights of the history OF
the modern camera.
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Society Asked
Send Prints

The National Photographic So
ciety has an invitation from
American Photography magazine
to contribute six photographs, the
work of six members Of the So
ciety. to represent a cross-section
of the pictorial work of the group.
Miss Ann-Katrine Shaw, secre-
tary, announces the following new
members: Charles d. Freligh,
Clara Blankenship, L. B. Taylor,
Stanley Kushner, Marion E.
Towns and Richard 2. Garlenski.
Evening star., 1952-04-27

One often hears the question
"Who invented the camera?'
Many wrongly attribute the
invention of the camera to
Daguerre who. as a matter OF
fact, should only be credited. as
the co-discoverer of the first pho
tographic process capable of be-
ing put to practical use. The
camera-or camera obscura as it
was known at the time of Da-
queries discovery Q839-is not
the product of any one man but of
many over the centuries.
To be sure, the camera obscura
was not used to take pictures by
Photographic means until the
10th century but it did serve as a
tool of artists VINO were able to
reproduce scenes in great detail
by tracing the image formed in
the camera by light rays which
were admitted in much the same
way as they are today.
The camera obScura in its most
basic form was simply a darkened
room through one wall of which
was bored a small hole which ad-
mitted a light ray. The light ray
admitted through this small aper-
ture formed a reverse image ION
a screen within the room) Of the
outside objects which reflected
the light through the hole.
Who Was Discoverer?
The identity of the individual
who first discovered the principle
of the camera obscura has never
been satisfactorily established al
though Euclid in 300 BIC. seems
to have had some understanding
of the optical theory involved.
Leonardo da Vinci made mention
of it in a manuscript but appar-
emily never put his theory to
practical use. However, in 1858
an Italian, Giovanni Batista della
Porta illustrated the principles
Evening star., 1952-04-27
.Birdsfoot TrefoiI
MAY Have Place
|In.This Area
BY the Associated Press

BLACKSBURG, Va. April 26.
Continuing research indicates
birdSfoot trefoil, a deep-rooted
perennial legume, may one day
have a profitable place in Vir-
ginia's pasture system.
Tests during last summers
drought showed the legume had
better growth than white and
ladino clover in test plots at
Orange. Blacksburg. Middleburg
and Mount Airy.
This year five acres Of land
seeded with two varieties of birds
foot trefoil will be test-grazed to
determine how much weight the
animals eating the legume will
gain, how many animals can be
grazed on an acre of birdsfoot
trefoil and how well the plant
survives under grazing.
Virginia Agriculture Experiment
Station researchers guided by
Agronomist DR.. R. E. BlaSer said
that although the work is still
in the experimental stage the
legume shows promise for the
bluegrass region of the State.
Grew During Drought.
Birdshfoot made considerable"
growth during last summers S
drought, DR.. Blaser said, when
bluegrass was dormant.
The legume> is widely used in
New York, Ohio. Indiana and
Iowa, but no recommendation for
Virginia can be expected fo1
three or four years.
The researchers think the
legume may prove an excellent
supplementary pasture in sum-
mer and fall, when other pasture
grasses are at a low ebb. 1t also
is expected to be valuable in
renovating rundown bluegrass
pasture.
| DR.. Blaser notes that Virginia
has only one perennial legume
species suitable for pasture mix
lures. Pastures, they explain,
with only one leguminous species
are in danger of loss to diseases,
insects, unfavorable moisture and
temperatures or other environ
mental factors.
Other Legumes Needed.
The researchers said additional
leguminous plants, such as birds
foot trefoil are needed in the
State.
Preliminary tests have shown
that the legume grows well with
timothy. bluegrass, common white
clover and Kentucky 81 fescue.
However, poor stands were noted
when it was mixed with orchard
lyrass, red clover, ladino and al
|falfa. This is because these plants
grow more rapidly during the
seeding stage than birdsfoot ire
foil.
AS with all legumes. success de-
pends on correct fertilization.
inoculating seed -well-prepared
seed beds, early spring sowing and
using it in the right mixtures.
Also, indications are that
Ibirdsfoot trefoil is suitable for
grazing, for silage and for hay.
Apparently it does not cause bloat
in animals. the researchers said.
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Group to oDiscuss
Outdoor FiIninQ

Members of the Agriculture
Amateur Movie Makers Club will
discuss Outdoor Filming" at to-
morrow's meeting which will take
place at 8 pm. at the Southwest
Branch of the D. C. Public Lii
brary, seventh and H streets S.W.
Members are requested to bring
their cameras.
The group will also continue
workshop discussions of two
scripts now in preparation,
washington After Hours" and
Model Railroading." Another
feature of the program will be a
showing of members films for
criticism.
Evening star., 1952-04-27
OES Activities
In Local Chapters

Chapter activities this week:
Esther-Monday, Temple Board
with Mrs. Teele. Thursday, OBJ
legation ceremony
Mount "Wednesday.
ham dinner. Friday, chapter
birthdays to be celebrated.
Joppa Lodge-Wednesday, in
itiation. Mothers and May birth
days to be honored.
Treaty Oak-Monday, meeting.
Martha-Friday, past and pres
ent Esther star points to DO
honored.
Acacia-Tuesday, 7:30 pm,
party for guest at the Masonic
and Eastern Star Home. Friday.
Card Club with Miss Christine
Jackson.
Brookland - Thursday, Star
Points with Mrs. Minnie Neil.
Saturday, G.. M. Card Club with
Mrs. Marian Bangs.
Joseph Milans- Thursday, in
itiatiOn.
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Y Alexander J. Wedderburn
Curator Of Photography
The Smithsonian institution

Of the camera in his publication
Natural Magic" and to him goes
the credit of bringing the camera
obscura to popular notice. A few
years later, in 1868, Barbara, a
countryman of Della Portals fitted
a lens to the camera obscura and
even used stop" to sharpen the
image.
But the first step toward bring
ing the camera into general use
was Johann Zahn's portable
camera obscura of 1865 which was
used extensively thereafter by ar
lists to obtain tracings of the
views Of nature. No significant
improvements were seen in the
camera obscura until scientists
bent on recording the light re-
flected image went to work on the
problem. In 1916 Joseph Nice
phore Niepce, Daguerres co-diS-
coverer of the daguerreotype
process, constructed a crude type
of Photographic camera from a
jewel box equipped with the lens
taken from a solar microscope
With this camera Niepce was able
to secure a negative image which
however. he was unable to make
permanent.
The English scientist, William
Henry Fox Talbot. who also per-
fected a successful Photographic
process in 1889, also used the
camera obscura. At the time that
photography first became prac-
tical the name of the camera
obscura was shortened to its
present form. The earliest cam
Ieras used to make daguerrotypes
and Talbotypes were equipped
with meniscus type lenses of ex-
tremely slow speed restricting the
new art of photography to still
life scenes.
Work of Foster Lenses
The next major improvement
in the camera came a year later
in 1840 when Josef Petzval de-
signed double element lens
which admitted 16 times more
light than the meniscus variety
This lens was made by Peter
Voigtlander in Vienna. The i'm
mediate effect of the faster lenses
was to enable photographers to
take portraits which had hereto
fore been impossible because of
the extended time of exposure
which ran into many minutes.
The early daguerreotype cam
eras were further improved by
la structural change whereby they
consisted of one box sliding with
in another for the purpose OF
focusing the image. This feature
was seen the cameras of Daguerre
as well as those first made in the
United States.
In the next "A years many
changes were made in camera
construction but few vestiges are
seen in the cameras of today. At.
tempts were made to incorporate
the darkroom in the camera anC
several of these machines were
on the market for time but the
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Sheet Film Out

The Eastman Kodak Co. has
announced that it will no longer
process Kodachrome Professional
Sheet Film after July 81. Sale Of
this film was discontinued in June,
1851. After July 81 1852, process
sing facilities for Kodachrome
Professional Sheet Film will be
noneXiStant.
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Other Famous
Black
Leaf
Pest Control
Products
Black Leof Garden Dust is

Black Leof Garden Dust is
a multi-purpose dust or spray.
Contains nicotine, pyrethrum
and rotenone for control of
sucking and chewing insects
plus a concentrated fungi
eide for protection against
fungus diseases of flowers,
fruits and vegetables. One
pound carton: $I.15. Also half
pound duSter package: 79 cents.
Block Leaf 500 DDI Wet
table Powdermixeseas easilywith
water to make a spray that
kills japanese beetles and sod
Evening star., 1952-04-27
Foto-Cruft Club

The Twelfth Street YMCA Foto-
Craft Club will meet Thursday
evening at 8 o'clock in the assem-
bly, room of the Y. 1916 Twelfth
street NV, for a session on still
life photography. Paul Fowlkes
will lead the discussion, which will
include the arrangement and
lighting Of flowers. fruit and
glassware in photography.
Evening star., 1952-04-27

web worms. Also controls
many garden insects. Used as
a building and premise spray,
it kills flies and mosquitoes.
One-pound carton: SO cents.
Black Leaf so chlordane
Dust has long-lasting effec-
tiveness. Kills ants, reaches,
silver fish, spiders, grass
hoppers, earwigs, crickets,
cutworms, strawberry root
weevils, cabbage and onion
maggots, chiggers and Japan
ese beetle grubs. One-pound
carton: IS cents.
Evening star., 1952-04-27

1860.
Master point winners last week:
ALEXANDRIA x p BR1poE cLys. APR; 4.9f;, y
kobe4s kaaa M SEa and Mrs 'es a'ehn
ARLINGTON, DUPLICATE CLUB. APT.
eaq sqan s. g. HsipeTn cG and
Mrs J. Fred Staver.
r, {; CHESS H CLUB Aps IL H., Mrs. g:
rell Williams. Mrs. Margaret Fisher.
Charles Lovenberg.
sTEfHAE MsTup4o aev.1d APF c.ma1, nS Mr.:
Nl Bcls seSWatz SS Me- Tea xs jeSa eSn
Mrs. Mildred Linderman-Mrs. Charles v.
Tenny. 2. Mrs. Stanley Beasley Douglas
Groves.
Other duplicate winners during
the week:
AfeRIGVErYsE s 92v7: Bz slyg K.e Apr G;; f1 D,
crlSl ANDREWs SS vs. AiR 4 FORCE TS BASE E OFF,
lSUl. y. byTQ-MAl. w. Best, NAL. William
MoodT9Psh Mqs Nsa3oG Capt Eayns Smith tied Win
>. Ms; Lse Kupee-MTs, MsNIullen.
Gary Arkoian 3 Mr. i and dniaP MPs f!00Is. R. ":
Rth Ry1ns Dr. sls Ennis E. FsR sRsssg tp sa
Mr.. and Mrs, r. W Byrns .. DR.. N, 4.
BBrigham+G; 3 i rir;fer r. Shepard Mr.. and Mrs.
K9lSHsgs!J. 9 tf Fletcher. sRs i Mrs. 'Fs'pln r H.
pRPdE RGfPaEElscSekIP cSe ey2SEEG9 2EEEeGRs Ap MSS s
]. IT.: It. ? Pra p HiEnckIey-1s; staneik.
FEDERAl BRibGE LEAGuE. sf IEnnSchi HpT' 81
vi, NJ Wilson seatterfeId,s. L, ,sommer.
Mrs &: ?. Graham. "S Team am results: re- Isse'
BafsTs PHNtuni,sf & Z Aligf; ARGbov 4. r.c1,r
III Lucy McConchie-H p. stillwell.
r.. Mrs Edith Fink-Mrs. David Spanier
tied with Gene Davidson-Bob Hollings-
STEPHAN STUDIO. Apr. Isl. Charles
Gale DOUGLAS Groves, Mrs. Florence Mils-
WiaSesa eaO09Tne Xp1 paws
Mrs MrE Lester GDson sbsos16 M5S 3lmstsssd
WALSH CLUE Apr. i9-i. Miss N.
B6rass-Mss N; I; Resweberr,. DR.. Emily
Crew. BOYD d,SI Washington Mr.; and Mrs:
GyS''t1otVIA A'1uS' nioS H. 4HOHlpSOu MISE
:. DIXIE WRIGHT CLUB. Apr, 2o-1.
,. H. p stillwell-Boyd Washington.
Bridge CoIendor
ToNIGHT-,-Dixie Wright Club. 6317 Blair
ToMoRRioW-Federal Bridge Leasue. 1900
6astsf aAo Brass aeinf teaa sa,
executive dining room. General Account-
ine, ONCE, pair game, $40. Dixie
Wright Club, pair game (openl 8.
TUESDAY-Agriculture Club, 1858 Euclid;
pair game topen), 7:45. Andrews Air
Force Base Officers Bridge Club pair
game, 40. Cavendish Club, sos Sew
enteenth; pair game topen) S. Count
,SpeD,, ,SmDi stl4 Seventeenth pair same
WEDNESD AY-stephan Studio, 1855 Eu-
llngton Bridge League, Willard Hotel;
nnal session. mems and womens pair
Ghssnmpion5iaips' champ Hnia' o7:45. YMcA, 1885 G:
K,Rs ns7 Bridge Club Ssoo
Club, Gordon Hotel; pair game, 7:45.
Penthouse Bridge League. Federal Sc
sritS curitS Administration, North Building;
FRIDAY--Arlngton Duplicate Club, 4lS
GoroI5i. r. I5EinS; pair reHa game ,open' SIS
S:45' Stephan Studio, master S point
pair game (open), s.
point pair game topen). I. Chess Club
pair came; 7:45: Walsh Club. 1898