davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-12-14

council itself confines its follow
up to soliciting periodic reports and
reconsidering policies as they become
outdated.
Little Publicity
Only those in the innermost circles
of President Truman's executive de-
partment know much about the Ma
tional Security Councils actual de-
liberations. In one way this is healthy.
For secrecy is important in top plan
ming and policy making. On the other
hand, this same secrecy tends to hide
what mistakes may be made. There
is no resolving this dilemma, except
by ballot every four years, when all
national policy can be judged by the
electorate.
Aside from security considerations,
there is another reason the work of
the National Security Council is lit
tie known. It's functions are purely
advisory. It's decisions, If they are
accepted by the President, are never
attributed to the council. Instead
Evening star., 1952-12-14

hover what had been learned on
their tour. and possibly to plan
strategy. Other cabinet members
Joined them.
The news of the Korean trip all
but buried stories of talk by Gen.
Macarthur to the National Asso-
citation of Manufacturers. Gen. Mac.
Arthur told the NAM that there was
a definite solution to Korea. Another
appeared that the two generals would
get together to discuss the Mac
Arthur solution. q
Not since President Roosevelt's
death in Warm Springs, Ga, had
the dramatics come so rapidly. What
made it even more effective was
that it was as unexpected as it was
unprecedented
There was, of course, difference.
President Roosevelt enjoyed dra-
matics for the sake OF dramatics.
He was natural actor who reveled
in his audience. He could turn
phrase into an event, and when he
waved his hand and tilted his cigaret
holder, the crowd responded.
Gen. Eisenhower's actions In one
brief month had been reminiscent of
the late President Roosevelt. Roose-
velt met in far-off places with Lead
ers of state and his own advisers.
He acted quickly when a situation
called for fast action.
Vost Differences
But the differences in personality
are broad. With the President-elect,
the dramatics seemed to follow.
rather than precede. the event. He
is essentially quieter man.
One of the penalties attendant to
firm and decisive action is criticism.
1t followed Roosevelt through his
long tenure, growing sharper each
year. It already has arisen in con-
nection with the President-elect.
Some call his statements follow
ing his trip to Korea a rehash Of
the arguments advanced by the Dem
ocratS and voiced often during the
campaign. His harsher critics ac-
cuse him of putting on big show.
with few results expected. In moving
from Army officer to President. tire
general will find it necessary to adj
just from unquestioned acceptance
of his decisions to practice of con-
stant probing and criticism
Whatever the outcome, it appears
that the Eisenhower grin has filled
the place left vacant after Roose-
velt's wave of the hand disappeared
from the political stage.
Evening star., 1952-12-14
Busic Problem

With all the cabinet jobs in the
Eisenhower administration already
filled. this unprecedented inter-
regnum period may now be moving
into its second unprecedented stage.
For with Korea and world peace so
much on his mind, Ike must soon find
the men and the organization to
transform the National Security
Council into the dynamic advisory
agency he emissions.
Finding the men will be the most
difficult part of the job and could
be the most rewarding. Ike knows
this. He has said it repeatedly. In
his campaign speeches he rated his
ability to attract top-drawer talent
as the principal asset he would bring
to the presidency.
The organizational structure-the
block diagram-of the National Sc
curity Council will be strictly second-
airy in revitalizing our national plan.
ming. 1t will be the brains Ike mo-
bilizes to fill the blocks in the or
ganizational chart that will de-
ternine how many failures" this
country avoids in the next four
years.
Evening star., 1952-12-14
Planning
Revto1q the Security Council Depends More on Talent Than ORGANIZATION

tas the National Security CounciD
for long time, and it was wise to
establish it at the end of the war =.
(But) it does not work well
as yet. It is by no means adequately
stated, and there is a tendency
for it to become meeting place OF
departments for compromise. rather
than of chiefs of departments for mo-
mentous deliberation. But it is i'm
proving, and it could be quickly pro-
vided with an adequate staff and
made to work well. 1t would be
worth while to examine in detail
into its faults, limitations and pos
sibilities ;"
DetoiIs on Foults
Last week DR.. Bush elaborated on
the faults, limitations and possibili-
ties. He makes distinction between
providing an adequate staff and ex-
panding the membership of the
council itself. He thinks the coun-
Gil is large enough already. probably
too large. He is mainly worried
about the senior staff, which he be-
lieves is shirking it's primary func-
ton Of integrating the various points
of view of the cabinet ministers on
the council. Too often, he believes,
this important job of integration is
left for the President to work out.
He says the coordination should be
done for the President at the senior
staff level.
DR.. Bush also finds that when
council members deputies take over
the planning there is marked ten
dency toward horse trading" He
fears that the national interest comes
off second best in such compro-
misses. Much of the fault for this
alleged horse trading is the Presi-
dents, DR.. Bush says. Mr. Truman
has accepted too many papers with
conflicting recommendations, accord
ing to DR.. Bush. He adds that the
Truman administration has lacked
a Harry Hopkins" who could knock
heads together with intelligence, and
settle interdepartmental pickering
below the presidential level.
SIipshod FoIlow-Up?
One other area where the council
has fallen down is on the follow-up
after policies have been approved.
DR.. Bush believes. He thinks the
council staff should be the Presi-
dents alert and vigorous watchdog,
to see that policies, once approved.
are put into practice promptly.
The distinguished leader of our
wartime scientific development quail
fies all of his comments, of course.
with the observation that he has no
first-hand knowledge of the oper-
ations of the National Security
Council. But as in the case Of
President-elect Eisenhower, he has
friends highly placed who might be
filling in those parts of the picture
he cannot see.
Evening star., 1952-12-14
By jack Jonas

by JOCK Jonas
the principal advisers were think
ing about what needed to be done
after January 20. This also caught
the public fancy, and the people felt
that bigger things were ahead.
They weren't disappointed. The
nebulous promise to go to Korea had
left the impression-when it was
made-that it might be fulfilled some
time after the first of the year, that
it might be postponed until after the
President-elect became the President
in fact.
Ropid Move Again
But Gen. Eisenhower moved as
rapidly to keep his promise to go to
Korea as he had moved in naming
his cabinet. The general flew to the
Far East, spent three days at the
front in Korea, and was on his way
home when the announcement was
spread in the Nations headlines.
The political sages and commenta-
tors leaned back for a breathing spell
after the first furry ended. But they
had to do their breathing quickly.
The President plunged in again.
This time it was top-level con-
ference aboard the cruiser Helena,
which was bringing the general back
from Korea. Secretary of State
designate Dulles came aboard by
helicopter to go over with Gen. Eisen-
Evening star., 1952-12-14

repeatedly that getting good men is
extremely difficult.
Whittier Advisers?
How to fit these civilians of the
highest capacity" into the executive
branch is another problem. President
Truman has preferred to set them
up in the various departments, De-
fense, State and Others, rather than
in the National Security Council. He
thought putting them in the council
would be poor administrative pro-
cedure because it would set up rivals
to his cabinet members, and might
undermine their authority.
The threat Of policy planners going
stale is a real danger. That. undoubt-
edly. is why Ike indorses some system
of rotation. So far, however. rotation
has taken care of itself on the coun-
ellis senior staff. The average tenure
has been about one year. Remember
ing that 1t takes good two or three
months for "orientation," this tenure
is hardly long enough for any one to
go stale.
Evening star., 1952-12-14

they are announced by the Presi-
dent in message to Congress, in a
press conference, or in a fireside chat.
Cabinet secretaries frequently an
nounce policies which primarily af-
feet their areas of responsibility. The
National Security Council is seldom
even mentioned.
Mobilization After Koreo
The best example of the council
in operation is the story of its job
in o-ordinating all Government ef-
fort in the mobilization which fol-
lowed outbreak of the war in Korea.
It was no accident that the Presi-
dent was able to lay before Congress
a sos billion military spending plan
only three weeks after the North
Koreans attacked. Here is the story
of how the council got ready:
The 1949 atomic explosion in So
Wet Russia had set the council off
on complete review of our top
security programs. Expansion of the
Atomic Energy Commission had been
recommended. The H-bomb project
1850, more than two months before
the Korean war started, the council
had sent a recommendation to the
President for limited mobilization.
Without committing himself on
the recommendation, President Tru-
man instructed the council to work
up detailed plans which would be
necessary to launch a limited mobi-
lization. BY June Is. when the North
Korean Communists struck, these
plans were well along. In such a
gigantic mobilization. which could
have wide repercussions throughout
the economy, one of the most i'm
portant considerations is timing. Air.
craft plants must build trainers be-
fore they put out regular fighters
and bombers, because pilots need
training first. And there is no need
to launch pell-mell into big
fighter production program unless
trained pilots will be on hand to
fly the planes.
The National Security Council plan
for meeting these problems of limited
mobilization was the basis for the
legislation which President Truman
rushed to Congress in July, 1850.
Other Planning
Most of the other work of the
council can be deduced from look
at our major national programs
launched since September, 1947. Some
of these have been enumerated by
the council staff: The defeat of
Communist guerrillas in Greece; the
Berlin airlift; establishment of the
states of Israel and Indonesia: this
country's part in developments in
Germany, Iran, China, Austria, Indo-
China and Korea; building of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
ton; the Rio pact for Western Hem
isphere defense; the United Nations
collecrive-measures plan, and the
United States proposals for a United
Nations disarmament program.
The principal critics of the National
Security Council have been Gen.
Eisenhower and DR.. Vannevar Bush,
wartime head Of the country's re-
search and development program.
one of the country's most respected
physicists.
Evening star., 1952-12-14
By William Hines

By William Hines
of what we now know as Italy be-
longed to the Hapsburgs Of the twin
crowns. who ruled from Lemberg
In what is now Poland all the way
to the rapidly developing industrial
north of Italy.
In the east, the Gar unified his
people with the knout. The first
Nicholas had scattered an uprising
at Petrograd few years earlier and,
in 1852, seemed to have "all the Rus
sias" we'll under control. The voice
of Karl Marx had been heard family
in Europe, but if the Gear gave the
Communist manifesto a minutes
thought, it was only to observe that
''it can't happen here" Strangely
enough, Karl Marx would have been
the first to agree with him, for Rus
sia, still clinging to the institution
of serfdom, simply did not have the
proletariat that Marx said was re-
quirement for his form of govern
ment.
The Second Empire
Frances Second Republic, born of
unemployment and unrest in 1848,
died in November of 1852 when
Napoleon III became Emperor. It
was change of nomenclature more
than change of government. The
great Bonaparte'S nephew, Louis
Napoleon, had been elected President
of the Second Republic three years
earlier. A year before the Second
Empire began he pulled of a coup
that made him President for ten
years.
Things were lining up for the
Crimean war. which would begin In
1883.
Far to the east an almost mythical
kingdom neared its awakening Com
modore Matthew Perry would "open"
Japan in the following year. But
Evening star., 1952-12-14

with the National Security Council
through daily conferences with the
staff's executive secretary. He him
self controls the agenda for the
councils weekly meetings.
Policies can be proposed by any
member of the council. They are
usually presented in report form, cir
culated among members, and, after
adequate study by all concerned.
acted upon first in staff meetings and
then in the council itself. When dis
agreements between council members
cannot be resolved to every ones sat-
isfaction, the conflicting views are re-
ferred to the President and ("the
buck stops here") he makes the final
policy determination.
Members Of the National Security
Council staff say, however. that there
have been relatively few instances
where the council could not get to-
gether.
Enforcement of policies approved
by the President is left to the cabi-
net member and the President. The
Evening star., 1952-12-14
How 1t Operates

The council has a formidable as
sortment of supporting stats which
keep it supplied with information
and advice. Principal among these
are the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the
Central Intelligence Agency. Other
stats working under the council are
the Psychological Strategy Board,
two interdepartmental committees
which check on internal security, and
the senior National Security Coun-
Gil staff.
It is the senior staff which is the
focal point of the. activities of the
council. At its head is an executive
secretary, James S. Lay, jr., an ex-
intelligence officer. Others on this
staff are the "semi-alter egos" of the
cabinet members on the council
itself. These men are only semi"
alter egos because they operate in a
dual capacity, first as contact men
who, gather facts and reflect the
opinions of their bosses, and second
as team men" who sit down in staff
meetings to make recommendations
for the overall benefit Of the coun-
try. disregarding any specialized in
terests Of their parent organizations.
The ideal member Of this staff
must be close to the cabinet men,
ber he represents, but still able to
detach himself from his own de-
partment's viewpoint far enough to
see "the big picture"
The President keeps in close touch
Evening star., 1952-12-14
Hos This. CountD/s Planning Failed?
By Earl H. Yoss

Top-level planning for the security
of the United States "haS failed
time and again these last years."
Gen. Eisenhower said during the
recent presidential campaign, and
he promised to do something about
1t if he were elected. Now that the
voters have spoken, his remarks are
being closely scrutinized for clues to
his plan for avoiding any more
failures"
The fountainhead Of all our secur-
ity, planning, the National Security
Council, was Eisenhower's principal
target for criticism. He said the
council has not made "the right
plans In time"
The National Security Council
came into being in September. 1947.
while Gen. Eisenhower was Army
Chief of Gtaff. It was delegated the
top policy-planning job under the
the three military services under the
Defense Department. The councils
job is to keep in balance the diverse
foreign, military and domestic pro-
grams Of the United States which
relate to the national security. It is
supposed to weigh all the factors,
our economic capabilities and our
intelligence estimates of foreign
countries intentions, against our
foreign policy goals. .....
The President himself preSides
over the weekly meetings Of the
group. Other members are the Vice
President, the Secretaries of State,
Treasury and Defense. the mutual
security director. the chairman of
the National Security Resources
Board and the director Of defense
mobilization. Other cabinet mem
bers and agency heads sit in with
the council when their areas of
responsibility involve national secu-
rity. The Attorney General. for
instance, attends sessions consider
ing Communist subversion at home.
In order to Judge the criticism of
the council one must know how it
arrives at its decisions and what
some of those past decisions have
been.
Evening star., 1952-12-14
AHundred Years Aqo-

II the foreign news content Of the
''Daily Evening Star" which made
its debut 100 years ago next Tuesday,
was notable chiefly for It's slimness,
the fault was at least as much that
of the world as of the National Cap
ital's newest paper.
@ The world of 1852 was pretty much
in the doldrumS. It had been in
ferment a few years before, and
there would be further upheavals a
few years hence. But, for the nonce.
a century ago, the world seemed
quite stable.
1t was a world of kings and queens.
True, royalty had lost most Of it's
life-and-death power, but still re-
tanned the bulk of its prestige. From
the villages of Central China to the
gates of Buckingham Palace far more
men and women alive in that year
owed allegiance to hereditary rulers
than enjoyed republican status. The
Almanach de Gotha, and not who's
Who" was the definitive list OF i'm
portant people in 1852.
NoIIOW Escape W TO
A few of the worlds monarchs
were still breathing heavily from
narrow escapes few years earlier.
Eighteen-forty-eigh was the year OF
revolt. Uprisings spread across the
face Of Europe, almost convincing
royalty that the right by which 1t
ruled was more fortuitous than divine.
But 1848 had passed with far less
effect on the European political map
than the course of normal and alb
normal events would have in the
ensuing century.
Looking back on that relatively
peaceful time, one thing stands out.
Great and supposedly tndestructible
empires that dominated the scene in
1852 no longer exist-and obscure
states then are now forces to reckon
with.
The great European powers of 1852
were the Russian, Austrian, Ottoman
and French empires. England played
power politics on the continent, but
was directing most of her energies
to seaward expansion; Honor OF
the Empire" was beginning to mean
something in Britain but had not
yet become the hackneyed expletive
of the burlesque stereotype English
man.
= Germany Didn't Exist
As far a. Germany was concerned.
1t did not exist. There was O shambles
known as the German confederation.
which embraced the Teutonic part Of
the Austrian Empire. but this was
more an entente than a nation.
Italy was not even "confederated"
aside from being a language COM
munity of sorts, the Italian peninsula
was split from boot-top to toe. The
dominant states were the Kingdom
of Sardinia and the so-called King
dom Of the Two Sicilies." The Pope
still was a temporal ruler In actual
fact, holding sway from the River
Pc almost to the. Volturno. Some
Evening star., 1952-12-14
Bush's Criticism

DR.. Bush has aimed most of his fire,
so far, at the Joint Chiefs of staff,
who he feels are inclined to be law
unto themselves and often get begged
down in minutiae. But Dr.. Bush is
also dissatisfied with the National Sc
curity Council. Here is what he says:
1.-THE country needed such a body
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05
Suit Asks $5M

TAMPA ~ - A suit BY the Us.
government Wednesday asked that
the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
be penaIized 5000 for unneees-
sary delay Of empty freight ears
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05

At Sanford and Lakeland In 1850
and 1851. 81
The suit vas based Oh an enser-
gency Interstate Commerce Com.
mission order during 50 aEuts
freight car shortage Ia 1914. %rhe
order specified empty ears must
be removed within - hours afteT
unloading.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05

Roger Howard, Michigan State
pitcher from JoAnsfpwn, Pa, turn.
ed In tao consecutive 10 victories
this spring ia Big Ten eompetitioa.
He all0e Cd oaly three ATS n each
zzms.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05

FURNISHED efficiency apartment.
Electric kitchen. Children wei
come. 800 Elizabeth st.
june4-tf
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05

Elks Lodge, meeting at club. 8
pm.
WV. Post No. ss1I. Post Home,
s pm
Golden Rule and Busy Fingers
Circle W.S.S.C. of First Meth
odist Church.
Rotary Club luncheon at 12:l5
pm. St. Paul's parish hall.
Circle Two of First Methodist
Church, meeting, at home of
Henrietta Anderson on White
street, 8 pm.
FRIDAY, JUNE e.
Board of Directors meeting of
Key West Players, at Barn
Theatre, 4:30 pm.
Luncheon, owe. Fort Taylor,
hostesses HS-1 Officers Wives 4,
cocktails at 1880 Entertain
men, Island City chorus.
Key West Amateur Radio Club,
meeting at National Guard
Armory, National Guard Ar
mory, 1880, pm.
Officers Club. Fern Chapter No.
Il, Order of Eastern Star. meet
ing, Scottish Rite Temple, s
pm.
Knights of Pythias, meeting, 72S
Fleming street, Pythian Hall,
s pm.
Meeting Alcoholics Anonymous,
First Presbyterian Church, s
pm.
Baptist church reception at an
mex, 7:3o pm.
SATURDAY, JUNE T.
Youth for Christ Rally, Fleming
street Methodist Church, 72s
Fleming street. 1880 pm.
Get Acquainted dance, Fleet Re-
serve Association at the club
house on Front street for men,
bers and guests at Q pm.
MONDAY, JUNE 81
Play reading committee meeting.
Other Players with suggestions
and scripts or copies of plays
which may be suitable invited,
8 pm, South Wind Motel on
Simonton street, 8 pm.
Circle III Women Of First Pres
byterian Church, meeting home
of Mrs. ]. w. KovaSh,. COZ
South street. 8 pm.
Beta Sigma Phi sorority meet
ing, San Carlos School, 8 pm.
Anchor Lodge No. 1872, meeting
at Scottish Rite Temple, 8 pm.
Gold Star Mothers meeting at
VIEW. Post Home, z pm.
Wesleyan Service Guild, W.S.S.C.,
First Methodist Church, an
mex, 1880 pm.
DeMolay Mothers Circle, meet
ing, st. Paul's Parish Hall, 1880
pm.
TUESDAY, JUNE To-
Dinner meeting, Kiwanis Club,
at Collette's restaurant, Gas
pm.
Youth for Christ Bible Study. 1880
pm, Fleming street Methodist
Church, To Fleming strea.
Special general meeting Il 7
West Players, Barn THEATRE 3
pm. one-act plays, work shop
and play reading committee
discussion.
w.S.c.S of FiSst Methodist
Church regular meeting.
Order of DeMolay Boys. meeting,
Scottish Rite Temple. 7:SO
pm.
Ladies Aux. WV. meeting at
Post Home on Elizabeth ST., 8
pm.
Sparkling Waters Rebekah Lodge
No. II, Knights Of Pythias Hall,
SPIN.
Circle One, Women of Presoy-
terrain Church, meeting home
of Mrs. Robert Wheeler. Siss-
bee Park, 8 pm.
Zx-li O.w.C., coffee. at Aero
palms, 10 am.
Southernmost Pistol and Rifle
Club. meeting at Legion Home
on Stock Island. . pm.
DeMolay Mothers Circle. meet
ing az roof garden Of Scottish
Rite Temple, 1880 pm.
WEDNESDAY. JUNE IL
American Legion, Arthur Sawyer
Post No. q, meeting at Post
Home on Stock Island, 8 pm.
Junior Debs, meeting. Woman 9
Club auditorium, 7:3o pm.
Scottish Rite Bodies, meeting At
Scottish Rite Temple, . pm.
xii owe. business meeting
and coffee, Fort Taylor, 10 an.
FAwTU owe. meeting and
coffee, Aeropalrns, 10 an.
Ladies' Day Coli Tournament b
W. Coli Course, . an
Meeting. Junior Ca Coumsree
clubhouse. 9 pm.
Key West Duplicate Bridge AZ
sociati0n, Coral Room. ov"-
seas hcfel. G:ss pm.
Meeting. Island City Navy Wives
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05

BEAUTIFUL furnished 2-bedroom
apartment, 500 monthly. No pets
or children under 10. Phone 1882.
junes-3t
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05

1912 BUICK convertible, as is,
$500. IL kerosene Served Re-
frigerator, $1,000. / new Good
year white Sidewalk tire, 600x16,
$1,000. Phone 1921. june5-3t
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-05

THE BIG NEWS has broken at
laSt!f!! Krilium is now avail
able for home gardeners in the
South. Information phone Key West
Garden and Lawn Supply, 1919.
june4-3t