davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-01-13

ments of any Of them. It has the
right to tax coal and steel producers
under its control-to direct the gen.
eral policies of their production-to
fine them when they disobey its
orders-and to borrow money for
lending to them. It's power is to be
backed up by the police authorities
of member states.
Legislative Function
The legislative function will be in
trusted to Q two-house setup. as
follows:
/. The Common Assembly. COM
posed of IS members, elected by
universal suffrage or chosen by the
parliaments of the participating
states from among their members.
France. Italy and Western Germany
each would have IS representatives
In this body; the Benelux nations
would have the remaining "a be-
tween them.
2. The Council Of Ministers-six in
all-one representing each member
state.
The Common Assembly will hold
the strings on the High Authority's
purse. BY q two-thirdS vote, it can
force the selection Of q new High
Authority. The Council Of Ministers
is charged with seeing to it that the
Authority's actions square with the
economic policies OF member states.
It can make recommendations to the
Authority and-by a unanimous vote
y-backStop the Authority on such
questions as price control and the fix
ing Of production quotas.
Judicial Function
The judicial function. under the
Schuman plan. will be exercised by a
Court of Justice. comprising seven
judges appointed for six-year terms
by the member governments. This
court is to handle all disputes and
complaints arising under the plan.
Like our Supreme Court, it is to
crack down when acts of the execu-
tive ana legislative branches exceed
the authority of those branches.
The Schuman plan, to the extent
that it becomes effective. obviously
has very great implications for the
future of free Europe. Two Of the
most important are these:
/. BY an arrangement which insults
no nations honor. it brings the foun-
dations Of what might some day be
Germany's war industry under inter-
national control-thus helping to
ease tensions which so far have kept
this crucial area of the world in a
state of disabling division.
2. Itself a sort Of officially sane
toned cartel-but lmpelled by prin-
ciples which are the reverse Of those
governing the traditional restrictive
cartel-the Schuman plan is expected
TO- bring to these key industries the
healthful competitive spirit which
they too often have lacked in the
past. If the plan works. it should re-
suit in increased productivity, lower
costs and lower prices in the coal and
steel Industries Of the member states
From the point Of view of interna-
tional cooperation. it Is probably
the most tangibly hopeful develop
ment yet to grace this troubled time
-
Evening star., 1952-01-13

stances. Secondly, it is the duty of
an American Navy vessel to aid any
ship in distress, especially one fly
ing the United States flag. Yearly
operating budgets take this into con-
Sideration.
Private shipping lines also esti-
mate their annual budgets with an
eye toward emergencies, maritime
people say. When passenger ship
or freighter is called off course to
aSSist another vessel, it merely is
obeying international maritime laws
which prohibit a ship captain from
refusing such a call.
The, burden of real loss appears to
have fallen on the British salvage
company which sent the tug Turmoil
to the rescue on a mo cure, no pay"
basis. Under admiralty law, this
means that the salvage firm under
takes to deliver the ship or its cargo
safely, or get nothing for its work.
However, British maritime statutes
Evening star., 1952-01-13
By Wallace E. cloyton

for each patient in 1945. The aver
age now is two and a half employees
per patient.
Another paradox is that, so far as
hospitals are concerned, the mass
production principle does not apply.
Hospital costs increase as their busi-
ness increases.
The II voluntary hospitals in the
District had 1886 more adult admls-
SionS in 1851 than in 1945. Every
new admission requires great deal
OF clerical work by the admitting
office, the cashiers Office, the labora-
tories and the nursing stations.
Patients are staying in hospitals
shorter time, and this. strangely
enough, means more expense for the
hospital. The longer a patient stays,
the less his care costs, because the
expensive tests and indications are
almost always administered during
the early days of disqualification.
Follen Angels
But over and above all these cost
factors which can be recognized if the
problem is investigated, there is one
dominating but often-forgotten rea-
son why hospitals must charge paying
patients as much as possible.
"A That reason is the lack, these days,
of guardian angels"-rich men and
women whose favorite philanthropy
used to be hospitals.
Edward E. James, hospital director
Of the North Shore Hospital Fund,
Great Neck, Long Island, wrote in
the December. 1851. edition of the
Modern Hospital: 'Once upon time,
long ago, hospitals had few financial
problems. They ran up operating
losses year after year, and each year
rich merchants or industrial princes
came cy and relieved the bookkeep-
ers distress.
Beginning about 20 years ago,
princes looking for hospitals in dis
tress seemed to sally forth less fire.
quently, and those who did weren't as
rich as they once had BEEN"
Chority Isn't Enough
c. Rufus Rorem, excel, i've secre-
tary of the Hospital Council of Phil
adelphia, puts it another way:
Thirty years ago, hospital service
was essentially charitable function
provided by one group of the popula-
ton for the benefit Of another group.
The people who supported hospitals
financially were not the people who
utilized their services"
Now. Mr.. Rorem points out, the
Evening star., 1952-01-13

the beginning, to catch up with other
industries if they were to keep and
employ competent personnel.
AS one administrator remarked,
"We had to get rid of the old Polly
anna attitude of providing a STAR
vation wage and promising a fu-
ture golden harp and special cloud
in heaven. Our employees are more
sophisticated now-they prefer to
eat today and worry about the harp
later"
In Washington, hospitals must
compete with Government, where the
jobs often are easier and the pay
still somewhat better. For this rea-
son. hospital salaries here are higher
than in such medical centers as Balti-
more and Philadelphia. ,..
Nurses salaries have risen from a
base of $65 a month with room and
board) in 1887 to a straight $215 a
month today. But there is still a
critical nursing shortage, because in
dustry offers higher salaries and the
armed services offer more prestige
and privileges.
Not only has the cost of supplies
increased; the amount of supplies
has multiplied. The cost to one hos
pital OF terramycin, cortisone and
ACTH-an so-called wonder drugs"
Increased $4,000 in one year. Part
of this rise could be attributed to
the inf1ationary spiral. But just a
few years ago no such expenditure
would have been made-because the
drugs were unknown. The rapid
progress of medical science is a
mighty big factor in the increase in
hospital costs.
Mony Expensive Drugs
Penicillin, unknown before the
war. Is a routine and highly effective
treatment for pneumonia and many
other diseases. Many different ex-
pensive drugs are now being tried
on cancer cases which formerly
would have received nothing but x
ray treatments.
The hospitals charge for these
drugs, of course. But along with
the sale goes the administration of
the medication. And administration
Of these drugs is often a complex
procedure which requires trained
personnel and constant observation.
New medical procedures are con-
stantly being proven. All of them
are highly beneficial to the patient,
but highly expensive for the hospital.
In the District. the Hospital Coun@
Gil estimates, an average of one and
two-thirds paid employees were needed
Evening star., 1952-01-13
Schunnun Plan:
German Ratification
Is Big Milestone
By NewboId Noyes, Jr.

When the Bundestag ratified the
Schuman plan last week, historic
milestone was passed on the road to
international unity.
The ratification bill still must be
acted on by the upper chamber of
the West German Parliament-the
Bundesrat-but this action is con-
sidered sure thing now that the
elected lower house has voiced its
approval of the. daring scheme.
Just what is the Schuman plan?
Pooling Coal and Steel
It is an agreement between six ma
tions-France, Italy, Belgium, Lux
embourg. the Netherlands and West
ern Germany-that they will be one
nation as far as their vital coal and
steel industries are concerned. For
these two industries there will be no
boundaries between these countries.
To all intents and purposes. there
will be no tariffs or other restrictions
among the member nations affecting
coal and steel. Workers in these in
dustries will be permitted to seek jobs
freely throughout the area concerned.
Coal and steel produced in one men,
ber country will be available to all
member countrieS-and each member
country will be a market for coal
and steel produced in other member
countries.
The plan was first proposed by
French Foreign Minister Robert
Schuman on May 8. 1850. It was
incorporated by 50-year treaty
signed in Paris last April Is. The
treaty was ratified by the Neither
lands on October 81 and by the
French Assembly on December 13.
Ratification by West Germany makes
its eventual adoption by all six ma
tions virtual certainly. This would
be q long step toward the elusive
goal Of West European union. for the
plan involves an unprecedented sac
rif1ce Of q part of their respective
national sovereignties by the SOW
ereign states involved.
According to the blueprint, the
combined coal and steel industries of
the six nations are to be admins
tered. executively. 1egislatively and
judicially, ON an international basis.
Executive Function
The, executive function will be in
the hands Of O High Authority, con-
sisting of nine members elected by
all the member governments acting
together. No participating state may
be represented by more than two
members of the high authority. The
term Of Office is six years.
The High Authority is supposed
to act in the interest of all six
states. neither accepting nor seek
ing instructions from the govern
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25
Citizens
tContinued from pase one,


family admits that the recogni-
ton Of the men in blue is a lit
tie belated, but feels that fur
ther delay would be criminal neg
hgence. The committee feels that
these outstanding officers are de-
serving for the curtailing OF vio-
lence and the low ebb that crime
has been kept in the area.
Mr.. Conner states that a reso-
luton was drawn citing each Of
ficer for magnificent perfor-
nance" and for upholding The
reputation that pictures nothing
less than true character that any
police department would be glad
to recognize.
A benefit ball will be given
in behalf Of the officers, and the
Morocco club thru its members
are opening the doors to the pub
lie the night of May 6, in order
that the citizens Of Little Rock
might be present during the recog
milton Of the men who protect our
property and our lives-Little
Rock Negro Police Officers.
Max Jordan is chairman OF The
citizens committee.
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25
"Armsurdam" Tired 49,

"Armsurdam" tired of listening to men
seeking offices, or seeking 10 promote
Others in Offices telling us how well OF We
are and how much progress that We have
made thru tolerance Of certain pen in Of
flee. and what our destiny would have been
if certain intolerant people had been elected,
until it ceases to be amusing.
In the first place we don't even like
the word tolerance. Just why should We as
American citizens-citzens who have play
ed an all important part in protecting a.
merica reduced our status to such low
ebb that we have to be tolerated. Just what
man wants to be tolerated by another. ana
in the second place the Negro people Know
Just how well they are getting along lheys
know to the extent that their rights are
respected. The Negroes do not need anybody
TO tell them that. They know the justice
they get in court They know the jobs that
are opened to them. They know the extent
of their educational opportunities. Still they
NAV applaud when they are told they are
progressing, and when they do, they are
simply giving the speaker the boloney 10
match the ballyhoo he is giving them
And too while the subject is appro-
rr;ate-we are tired of the white man pick
inc ont Negroes with amicable smiles who
.h.v can easily use, and setting them up
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25
Don't Judge 81 Poll by 49,
BY Julius j. Adams

With the Presidential campaigns shap-
ing up, attention naturally turns to surveys,
polls and analyses. 1t is true that the poll
sters took an awful shellaeking after the
1913 election, yet it is doubtful if their value
can be completely denied
Immediately after the election, the Re-
publicans looked back to appraise the situa-
ton in an effort to ascertain where they
made their mistake. AT the same time the
public opinion poll takers looked over their
shoulders to locate the errors in the ealcu-
lations which brought them TO the conclu-
sion that Governor Thomas f. Dewey would
win in a walk.
Now as we look back over the 1913
campaign, il is apparent that both the Re-
publican Party and the poll-taking gentry
committed identical errors. 1t was that they
assumed a theory that was correct in Au-
gust, and mapped their strategy according
ly. But in October when the original theory
was no longer correct, they failed to bring
their strategy up to date to meet the new
situation.
This was especially true in the case Of
Poll Taker Elmo Roper, who took his poll
in the late summer and didn't bother to
recover the territory. It was true in the case
Of Gallup and the others because they failed
to follow through on their polling right
down to the last days of the campaign. II
must be admitted, however, that it is not
possible to poll the nation in a few hours
or days, and any severe or sharp shift in
public opinion will inevitably throw any poll
off considerably, perhaps fatally.
Back in August of 1913 when the
Henry A. Wallace Progressive Party held
its nominating Convention in Philadelphia
the prestige Of the former Vice President
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25

The commencement season be-
gins at Shorter college Sunday
with the baccalaureate sermon
being delivered by Bishop Joseph
Gomez, presiding bishop of the
10th Episcopal district The Ac-
tivities are as follows: Today 1900
noon, Glass Day exercises; Sun
day 400 p. m, baccalaureate SER
vices, speaker, Bishop Joseph Co
mez; $50 p. m, seniors annual
tea presidents home; Monday
500 p. m. senior play; Tuesday
900 a. m. trustee board meeting;
500 p. m. Alumni program; We'd
nesday 1000 a. m. commencement
exercises, speaker, DR.. A. B.
Bonds, commissioner of education
of the State Of Arkansas.
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25

as our leaders, The Negro knows fully we'll
who to accept as his leader, Because Ne
gro is acceptable and aequiescent to white
people and carry the pseudo respect OF
most, does not mean that he has the ear or
respect of his people. Negro leaders are
made by Negro people And If the white
people want to reach the Negro, he will have
to reach him thru the leaders Of the Negro
However, we will concede that the white
man, with all his tolerance does not have
enuff yet to deal with the Negroes real lead
er. But il is our guest that before the white
man is able to herd the Negroes into the
fold of loss cause as has been the prac-
tice in the pass, the Negroes leader, the lead
er who has stood the acid test, the leader
who not only tells you to put YOUR neck
in the moose, but the leader who puts his
neck in there first, will have to be reckoned
with.
However, there have been some changes
that could be interpreted as an advancement
for the Negro since the beginning of the
century, but these changes can and MUST
NOT be attributed to elected officials, even
tho we do have some decent ones, the Ne
gro's use of the ballot is responsible for
the little rise in recognition that he now
enjoys.
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25
Prejudice Is Bogot's Undoing-
BY lauren White

Prejudice is a two-edged sword II hurts
the one upon whom injustces are inflicted,
and II hurts the one who inflicts the in
justice.
Senator Richard Brevard Russell, Jr. is
a victim of southern race prejudice. Just
as surely as millions of Negroes from Geor-
gia have been needlessly handicapped, so is
the Senator Let us look at his case.
Senator Russell wants TO be the Presi-
dent Of the United States. He has been very
busy lately informing the people Of his a.
Availability. From the way he has been pre-
sentng himself, one would feel that he is
as capable as any man who has his hat in
the ring Those who have seen him in tee-
vision and heard him on the radio ere
favorably impressed with him.
The composure the senator maintained
while answering tho battery Of questions
fired at him by newsnen was impressive lie
responded with logic and diplomacy TO their
queries He seems to have an intelligent
grasp Of things and very likely would make
a good President in these trying times. Per-
haps he would be the ideal person to lead
us,
However, race prejudice will prevent
the good senator from being President Be-
fore Mr.. Russell was able to become q sena-
tor from Georgia he had to proclaim his be-
lief in the race propaganda popular in Geor-
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25

was at its height. II was believed ID
most observers that. a conservative ej
of his vote, should he remain in The
paign, was between 100000 and 6Qil
Ii was on the basis of this fihdlr;
Roper concluded that Dewey would ";
cause it was assumed, and doubles
rectly So that vast majority Of thez
would come from people who eta
would vote for President Truman. ThAl
too, the assumption of the Repubhca
command and it was upon this basis
the COP policy makers mapped Their
paign strategy. 1t was wise at the TIM
in all probability, would have been srI
full if the other factors had RENAME
slant.
But what happened! While he
tige of Henry Wallace reached is p3
the time of the convention, il shol1
noted that it began receding almost
that very moment. This was admltd
the most casual observer. As a nlat1
fact, along toward the end OF the Gang
il was freely and openly stated tfl|
Wallace campaign had flopped comp
and newspaper writers began to Tev7
probable total downward until no n|
willing to give him a chance Of 4
more than 100000, votes.
1t was doubtless the collapse
Wallace strength that changed the %.
the election. When the poll takers u
re-appraise the situation in MD"
they were putting their regulations
line; and the world knows now now 4
ly those regulations suffered.
1t is hardly likely the same
will be made twice. So, let's waten
the polls------carefully and sclentllicaP
Quoted they can tell a pretty accufaR
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25
Editor
Continued frsm page one

filed with the United Nations by
William L. Patterson, Civil Rights
Congress head, charging U. S.
Government with violation Of the
UN Convention on Genoeide in its
killings and persecution OF Ne
gro Americans
The petition, published in book
form in the United States, has
sold $4,000 copies in less than six
months. A fourth edition = The
Willie MCGEE Memorial Edition
is scheduled to come off the press
in a few weeks. French, Spanish
Chinese, Czeehoslovak. and Hun
garian are among foreign editions
known TO be in preparation.
The Chicago Enterprise reviewer
William Henry Huff, wrote, I'VE
cannot go all the way with the
organization which put forth this
petition, the Civil Rights Congress
We do not agree with them in all
things. But, it would be foolish
to scorn facts simply because they
are put forth by that organiza-
ton
He added, 1T is very unfor-
tunate that necessity has forced
the petitioners to present a petit
ton Of this nature to the United
Nations. But truth crushed &c
earth must rise again
This document is, we believe,
a record of a multiplicity IF
crime committed against the Ne
gro people OF America by Ameri-
cans. Many of whom are or were
holding office in the various
states. Crime against a loyal mi
nority, like charity, begins at
home. At least 1t would seem so
from this document and authori-
tative record which l have be.
fore me.
The right Of petition as set
out in the supreme law of the
land is God sent and the writers
of this book have taken full adj
vantage of these provisions Of
our Constitution.
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25

gia. Mr.. Russell has had to NAM
ments that showed he either haleu |
Negroes. =.
The stand Mr.. Russell taxes y
rights and FEPC seals his doom
the Presidency is concerned ln''
way Of telling whether the sefd'O
other southerner actually belie'es
says or not, but their political oppCn.I1
capitalize on what they say 20.
from other sections of the couh'.! ~
as Senator Russell says he ieels' NV ~.
actually dislike Negroes ana ali ".
critics enough TO want to take a,.
their rights. But these caiulT
other sections refrain from nan" !,
ments to that effect, and they ~
to play up that issue to ge' e r h
Senator Russell's attitude WIZ y,
ed up in New York, Pennsylvania ~ 81,
nois and a few more states wlln . %'
ority populations, and since us ~. ND
ties furnish balance OF power
prevent the senator's election As1
1t is interesting to note una. ,,i d
been only one southerner eIe'" A.
Presidency since 1869. In a way .s.,rodl
nation suffers. Many brilliant, po orpOd
worthwhile men are denied the Vr ,rs
Of serving as President by Oilna , VI
ing race prejudice. Prejudice
sword.
Arkansas State press., 1952-04-25
"Spirit"
CONTINUED from page one)

who had also served as one Of
the three judges who selected
Barbara as the winner when the
contest was held in Memphis,
Tenn. in March
Mrs. Daisy Bates, wife of L.
c. Bates publisher and owner Of
your State Press was as graeiously
received as Barbara here in New
York and shall always be re-
membered for the charm she add
ed to each affair.
In an interview with the Spirit
of Cotton, | was much impressed
with the manner in which she
spoke as well as with her clear
and perfect dietion and speech
coupled with such delightful
dramatic expression which can
easily be observed throughout
her conversation. II is no wonder
that she won the contest with her
presentation of a dramatic mono
logue- THE yellow Wallpaper.
OF her presentation, Izzy Rowe
said Lou, she was terrific" And
being in the field of Dramatic
Art and Newspaper work too,
there was much meaning in that
word Terrific"
AS to beauty, Barbara OCele
Thompson has it written all over
her countenance-a The outward
expression OF the inner soul"
Her poise, pleasant personality
and individuality show that she
surely has "it." Her chaperone,
Mrs. Bates and Ethel Ramos Har-
ris who accompanied them in this
area received congratulations
from the time they lighted from
the Express" to the time they
left for Philadelphia. Before re-
turning to Memphis in time for
the Cotton Jubilee and the ball
they will make tour OF cities
including, Chicago, Illinois; Cleve-
land. Ohio; Pittsburg, Pa, Nash
vile, Tenn, Galveston, Texas;
Little Rock and Pine Bluff, Ark
ansas. At Cotton Carnival time
in Memphis Tenn. the founders
of this great historical event; DR..
and Mrs. r. @. Venson can put
another successful notch" in
their book Of life because Of the
grand way in which Barbara o.
Cele Thompson and her chape-
rome, Mrs. Daisy a.. CO Bates
favorably impressed those whom
they met in their travels. Eager
~, we in the east await another
year when we shall enjoy know
in. that the 1852 Spirit OF Cot
ton has won her crown with
dignity, charm, JOY and love for
all.