davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Star Stan Photo.

diarrhea epidemic at Freedmen's Hos
pital. The maternity section was closed
for a time. and many improvements
made. The next year, the non-white
mortality record here was 400.
But more impressive is the overall
record at Freedmen's. where most Negro
children are born. In 1945, the NOR
tality rate at the hospital was 55.3. In
1850, it was ia.
Similarly, in Gallinger, where great
improvements have been made in recent
years, the 1850 infant mortality rate
was 24.5. Just five years earlier the
rate had been more than double-54A.
The non-white infant mortality rate
in the District has been cut in half
since 1910. In that year, it was 69.5.
BY 1851 the record was 34.3.
DR.. Seckinger says this is due, in large
measure, to the wholesale acceptance
of the Health Department program by
the colored residents.
In fact. DR.. Seckinger feels the Health
Departments long-range educational
program has been most successful
Our educational work has been
DONE" is the way he puts it.
An example of this is the fact that
there are no midwives registered with
the Health Department. There hasn't
been a delivery here by midwife in
10 years.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Letters to The Star .

ing. Another is that their continued
use is amply justified by the amazingly
poor distribution of lines, often making
it more convenient for travellers to
transfer in reverse directions to reach
objective points.
Besides all of that, there are transfer
places where it is necessary for travellers
to walk more than block although
lines interSect in the main. One place
where they do not intersect is at Six
teenth and Columbia road NV, where
the four ways of travelling require walks
from across the street to about block
and half. Then, to muddle the pic
ture just little more, there are the
drivers who skip stops because another
bus or car is just behind, although the
front one may be half loaded and the
second one packed. That happened to
me few days ago, causing me to miss
a car on transfer and be late to
destination. Management, of course, is
not to blame in such cases. unless it's
orders permit such operation. Do they?
I wouldn't know.
Sometimes it seems as though the
public gets pretty shoddy deal from
Capital Transit, particularly as most
travellers were with" the company in
favor of vehicular radio. The only ma
jor and general opposition there was in
the matter of volume, and the company
could help that by it's own system of
decibel control, instead of waiting for
community law requiring it.
AS far as rates are concerned, believe
most Washingtonians. native or sojourn-
ing, expect the Public Utilities Commits
sion to give Capital Transit fair deal.
But they do not want to see a gouge per-
mitted. And they certainly want to
keep the convenient. travel-speeding
passes. even if the ante is boosted bit.
SCOOP" Shutz.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Forced Listenino'

Somewhat tardily, may congratulate
The Star on the sensible attitude it has
taken on the subject of forced listening
to radio on Capital Transit streetcars
and buses?
The Star suggests that Capital Transit
and advertisers might well take second
look with view to ascertaining whether
the benefits are not more than out
weighed by the illwill which they gen.
crate. I doubt whether this ever has
been thought through by advertisers or
the officers of the company, both of
whom should be very sensitive to public
opinion.
The Star notes that "the hard core
of dissenters Is quite small" But is this
really so? Stephens Rippey.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Lafayette Anniversary

One hundred and seventy-five years ago
today the Marquis de Lafayette landed from his
ship the Victoire, at what is now Georgetown,
South Carolina. He was accompanied by Baron
De Kalb and IA other officers who shared his
desire to serve as volunteers under General
George Washington. These men were prompted
by various personal objectives, but they were
united in their wish to help in the American
struggle for independence. Their aid was Of
value if only because it represented the poten-
tial development of an alliance with France.
Other Europeans had crossed the Atlantic with
similar intentions, but Lafayette excelled them
in standing, position and Importance He was
nobe-rich skilled in military science, associated
by marriage with the ariStocracy yet motlvated
by progressive, humane, constructive ideals
Congress voted him a commission as major
general on July 81, 1777. He met Washington for
the first time the following day-and was virtu-
ally adopted as a son. What ensued is bright
page in American history. Lafayette was wounded
at the battle of the Brandywine, shared the
hardships of Valley Ferge took part in the battle
of Monmouth and in a campaign against New
port Rhode Island, and was liaison of1lcer be-
tween Washington and DEstaing. Then ne re-
turned to France in 1779 to urge increased sup
port for America. Back with Washington in 1780,
he was an intermediary with Rochambeau. AS
commander of the Virginia light troops he saved
Richmond in 1881 and co-operated with De
Grasse Rochambeau and Washington against
CORVALLIS at Yorktown.
The rest of Lafayette's career is OF minor
significance to Americans, but he remained this
country's friend to the end of his life. When ne
revisited the United States in 1924 he was re-
ceived with demonstrations OF frenzied enthu-
siasm." News of his death decade afterwards
was mo,,rned in his second homeland" He has
a nermanent status in 20th-century civilization
as a great libertarian-an advocate OF liberty
for all men.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Wants Trunsit Passes Kept

Capital Transit seems to have the un-
happy faculty of keeping its passenger
public in great state of moral indigna-
ton. The current turmoil over a new
application for fare increases and aboli-
ton of passes. with temporary increases
pending adjudication of its contentious,
stirS some wonder if much of the trouble
is not Of the company's own brewing.
There isn't any doubt that sardine
packaging of its vehicles, particularly its
jumpy buses, causes undetermined thou
sands of Washington workers, business
and professional people to drive their
own cars, whereas otherwise they prob
ably would be glad to escape paralyzing
traffic jams by riding public transporta-
ton.
While an increase in pass costs may be
justified, request for permission to dis
continue is unwarranted on several
grounds. One is that they speed load
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Political Alliance

Formation of three-State Republican con-
vention alliance involving Maryland, Michigan
and nsylvania-rumored but not yet accom-
plished-could prove a decisive element in the
contest between General Eisenhower and Senator
Taft.
Between them, these States command total
Of 140 convention votes, Of which approximately
100 are currently uncommitted and considered
to be safely in the control of State leaders. At
this point both Governor Fine of Pennsylvania
and National Committeeman Summerfield of
Michigan have expressed no preference between
the two top presidential aspirants while Governor
McKeldin of Maryland has indicated leaning
toward the general.
Both candidates already are working hard
for the three States delegations. General Eisen-
hover, who overwhelmed the Ohio Senator in
the Pennsylvania preference primary, has con-
ferred with Governor Fine this week and enter
tains the entire Pennsylvania delegation at his
Gettysburg farm today Tomorrow he goes into
Michigan for major speech at Detroit. Gov
ernor McKeldin visited with him in New York
few days ago. Senator Taft has meeting sched-
uled later with Governor Fine and is still in
position to make bargain in the other two
States.
From the standpoint of the State leaders
the reported alliance would carry substantial
benefit With the power to throw the nomination
to whichever candidate is their choice, they would
be the band-wagon drivers-in position to COM
mand high political price, both in prediction
local campaign assistance and in post-election
favors if the Republican ticket should win in
November. From party standpoint such COM
bination might also be beneficial in averting
drawn-out and increasingly bitter convention
split, possibility which has worried many Re-
publican supporters and might leave scars which
could badly damage or even destroy the prospects
of November victory.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Another Hoover Commission,

It has been nearly five years since Congress
created the Commission on Organization of the
Government and more than three years since
the commission, headed by Herbert Hoover,
submitted its comprehensive report About half
of the reforms recommended by the bipartisan
commission have become law. There are ~
reorganization bills of one sort or another still
pending In the meantime the Government has
grown tremendously, with many new agencies
added There is wide field OF Federal activities
that never has been touched by the reorganizers
Under the circumstances, there is logic behind
Mr. Hoover's suggestion that new commission
be created to carry on the work so well begun
by his now disbanded group
When the Hoover Commission was set up in
1947 the annual budget was running little above
$40 billion. Since then, as result largely of
the post-Korea rehabilitation and rearmament
program. the annual expenditures have more
than doubled. corresponding expansion of the
Federal establishment has been inevitable. In
a letter to the House Executive Expenditures
Committee Mr. Hoover described this expansion
as enormous" and called for a study of the new
operations with a view to reducing waste and
increasing efficiency.
The first task of the proposed new commits
sion would be to review the unfinished reforms
in the older departments and agencies and to
work for completion of the job. Mr.. Hoover
reminded Congress that among reorganization
plans yet to be adopted are several relating to
.he defcit-plagued Post Office Department the
Treasury, the Department of Agriculture, the
Veterans Administration, the Federal Security
Agency and the Interior Department.
Mr.. Hoover suggested the appointment of
new commission to undertake this extension Of
the work of the prior group. The easier way
would be to reconstitute the old commission,
give it new authority and turn 1t loose on the
whole Federal establishment This is something
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Steel for the Armed Forces

Wnen the President addressed Congress on
the steel strike he said representatives of the
union and the industry had indicated that they
would cooperate in assuring production of mill
tary requirements essential to our armed forces
engaged in combating Communist aggressors
no great faith in this undertaking. He said that
1t should enable the Government to meet its
most critical military needs. But he also said
that we cannot expect under this arrangement,
to get the steel to meet all of the essential needs
of the defense program.
For reasons of military security, the full
facts of this matter obviously cannot be made
public. And it is doubtful that any one really
knows just what can be done under such an ar
rangement. No doubt certain types of specialized
steel for few critical items could be obtained
But there can be equally little doubt that the
overall defense program including the require
ments of the armed forces in Korea, will suffer
and suffer seriously If the steel strike Is per-
mitted to drag on.
The purchasing program of the armed forces
is an enormously complex thing. The So-called
end-items, which run high into the thousands in
total are produced under a vast number of con-
tracts and subcontractS It is literally impossible
to determine, within any tolerable period of time,
whether given steel product in the initial phase
VI PAOOuCUAO1 10 SoAAAS W WAiO uP SOliC CIlGA-
cally needed weapon or in some item concerning
which there is no urgency.
This is the principal reason why the indi-
Gated willingness to cooperate with the armed
forces on essential requirements, even though
that assurance may have been given in good
faith, will not work out in practice. The thing
is just too complicated to be solved during the
time that the strike can be permitted to run.
In view of this, it is clearly the duty of the
President to invoke the powers at his command.
He cannot avoid that duty by relying on the
mere hope that somehow the vague assurances
that have been given will save the weapons pro-
gram from disaster. Neither can he rely on the
hope that Congress will grant him seizure powers,
for it is clear that Congress will not do so at this
time.
The President has available alternative
now to invoking the Taft Hartley Act no matter
how distasteful that may be to him as an
individual. And he should exhaust all of the
remedies provided by that statute.
If this does not get the strikers back to work,
or-the greater probability-if it gets them back
to work under an injunction for 80 days but does
not lead to settlement of the dispute then Mr..
Truman should return the problem to Congress.
This is the course that is contemplated by the
statute and this is the course the President should
take. Congress shrinks from new labor legisla-
tion but it would have to meet its own RESPONSE
bility once the remedies of the Taft-Hartley Act
had been tried and found wanting.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
A Closer Look at the Vital Statistics
BY Wallace {. CIoyton

IN 1885 an expectant mother unable to
l. afford private obstetrical care could,
as she can today, visit District Health
Department clinic for prenatal care.
But when the time came for her baby
to arrive, she would go to hospital
under the control of or under contract
to the Board of Public Welfare.
She would be "new case" Physicians
at the hospital would have no knowledge
of prenatal conditions or indicated
complications of birth.
The infant mortality rate in 1886 was
70 deaths for every 1000 live births.
This death rate was the second highest
among cities of 100000 population or
more.
In 1897 Congress ordered the Health
Department to take over the admins
tration of all municipal hospital facn-
tiles here. The Health Department al
most Immediately set up co-ordlnated
program in which the actual delivery
was a part of systemized chain OF pre-
natal and postnatal care.
BY the end of 1851. the Districts IN
fant mortality rate had dropped to SO.3
deaths for every 1000 live births.
DR.. Daniel L. Seckinger, District
health officer, feels this co-ordinated
program has a lot to do with the DIS
trict,s somewhat amazing reduction In
infant deaths.
In 1886. for instance, there were only
about 600 expectant mothers who TOOK
advantage of the prenatal clinics, al
though more than 1000 INDECENT pa
tients were delivered at Gallinger Mu-
nicipal Hospital.
When the Health Department took
over hospital services. medically IN
digent mothers applying for hospital
permits were first directed to pre-
natal clinic A year later, more than
5000 expectant mothers received pre-
natal care.
1.-THE public health significance Of pre-
natal care was not emphasized before
the co-ordinated program" DR.. Seek
niger says. 1T was flaw in our medl-
cal-care program"
Today, the expectant mother who
cannot pay for private obstetrical care
and about one-third of all mothers in
the District need Health Department
help-receives advice and information.
as we'll as medical care, from the mo-
ment she appears at prenatal clinic
until her child is of school age.
A nutritionist on the Health Depart
ment staff plans low-cost diets rich in
necessary foods. Public Health nurses
and nurses of the Instructive Visiting
Nurses Society tell the mothers what to
expect. how to care for themselves and
their babies. Complete medical exam
nations are given and histories taken at
the prenatal clinics.
The record of every mother is photo
stated. AS the time for her delivery
nears. the prenatal clinic doctor adds
on the back any notes he thinks will be
Evening star., 1952-06-13

In the article headed internal Red
Armies on March," Constantine Brown
has slipped. There is no Andre Thorez
in France. The name is Maurice
Thorez. Further, between 1945 and
1947, no French Communist ever held
the key position of minister Of the
army.
III. ]. Clements,
Past Commander, American Legion
and v. F. w., Paris, France.
Evening star., 1952-06-13

Tor Congress to consider with bipartisan objec-
tivity next January There could be little hope
OF such objectivity until after the forthcoming
elections.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer to
any any QUESTIONS Of M fact , BY ys5inting 5nng The
NV, Washington 5. D. c.. and inclosinR cents
return postage or by telephoning ST. 1859.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Fixing BIume for Koie

It should be evident by now that the
top-level official responsible for the
humiliation, disgrace and dishonor we
have suffered at Koje Island has not
yet been named. Is it Gen. Macarthur,
Gen. Ridgway or some one here in the
States or. Defense Department who was
directing a soft policy for these treacher-
GUS captives? It is the duty of Con-
gress to investigate and name the cul-
prit. whoever he may be. Let's not have
another whitewash or cover up by the
officials involved. , r. r. Reese.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. Which did Milton regard as the
greater work, his Paradise Lost" or
Paradise Regained"?-K. Mob.
A. Milton is said to have regarded
paradise Regained" as the superior
work.
Evening star., 1952-06-13

@. What is the text of the old spelling
rhyme about the placing of the vowels
ii" and "e"?-J. c.
A. Il before e except after C. Or
when sounded as a. AS in neighbor'
and weigh"
Evening star., 1952-06-13

Pen-nameS may be used if letters carry
1OriterS' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.
Evening star., 1952-06-13

@. What is the largest city in the
United States that is not on navigable
water? Is it Indianapolis?-V. S.
A. Dallas, Tex. passed Indianapolis
in the 1850 census as the largest city
not on navigable water.
Evening star., 1952-06-13
Maurice, Instead Of Andre

Laura X. Pollock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-06
TYPIST

With clerical experience, for unusual
opportunity in bookkeeping dept OF
national publication; 5-day, 4O-hr.
week. paid vacations, free hospital
lzatlon and insurance; advancement.
CO. 1914
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-06
HELP WOMEN

DENTAL ASSISTANT, experienced
preferred: no clerical duties; Claren-
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experience and phone. Box 134:.R,
Star. -E
DENTAL ASSISTANT - Experience
preferred but not necessary, vi
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hand. Box 1928. Star. --6
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STARTER. ME. 440O. after . am,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-06

colored. Bright young woman, good
handwriting, for exclusive specially
shop. Mon. morning $50 only.
Bring references with you. 52l
18th st
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-06
HELP WOMEN

yh arsne 4as &. ts to .ho ::
directors for Sarah Coventry cos
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-06

STENUGRAPHER
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tons, in new aforementioned bldg.
311a-hr wk.; S65: l mo. vacation.
OR. S973 Sunday RE. 52S2. Mon.