davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05

The practical problem is how
to make the existing s ys t e m
work, and President T ru m a n
and General Eisenhower h a v e
gone a long way toward setting
an example of how that can be
done. Notwithstanding the acer-
bites of the campaign, they have
a personal acquaintance born of
having worked with one another
before, and this must have some
effect. But the fact of their
having established a liaison and
an exchange of information is
one of those actions which tends
to be repeated until it becomes
official usage, if not an unwrit-
ten addition to the Constitution.
President Wilson during World
War l considered appointing
Charles E. Hughes his Secretary
of State, if Hughes had won the
election in 1916, in order that
Hughes might Immediately sue
coed to Office by the resignation
of Wilson and his Vice-President.
Under the new Presidential
Succession Act that arrangement
could not be made. T here is
more need, therefore, for smooth
effective machinery for t h e
transfer of power. Christian
Science Monitor.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05

It's Your Freedom-Protect I'll What
better can you do In times like these but
initiate the teamwork which YIELDS an
invincible defense force. Teamwork
U. S. Savings Bonds are now Defense
Bonds and your purchase Of these bonds
means you are doing your part in build
Ing a strOug. financial America. Buy
them now and buy them regularly
through the Payroll Savings Plan where
you work or the Bond-A-Month Plan 81
your bank. u S Ts.osv,, o.oor,m.n,
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Changing The Guard

There will be no disastrous gap
between the administration of
President Truman and that of
President-elect Eisenhower. This
practical assurance is given not
alone by the brie f conference
they have held at the White
House but still further by the
arrangement for consultation, at
least between their aids. as ev-
ents require.
The period during a change of
administrations in the U nj t e d
States, particularly when there
is a transfer of power from one
political p art y to another, has
long held potential dangers in
spite of the many other strengths
of the American constitutional
system.
1t was after the election of
Lincoln in 1860, but before his
Inauguration to succeed Presi-
dent Buchanan, that secession
spread through the southern
states, leading to the Civil War.
In 1882 and early 1888 Presi-
dent H Dover was struggling
courageously to stem the tide of
both a national and worldwide
economic depression. He made
several appeals to President-elect
Franklin D. Roosevelt for coop
Grafton in appointments to inter-
national conferences and in re-
assurance to the country on ifs
cal policies; but although the men
met in two conferences, Mr..
Roosevelt declined to take any
action until he was in Office.
The Twentieth Amendment to
the Constitution has reduced the
interregnum between election
and inaugural from around four
months to less than three. but
the pace and pressure of world
events has increased.
Some believe the BIRTHS h
Parliamentary system has an ad-
vantage in that members of the
opposition party's shadow cabi-
net" are ready to step into the
heads of ministries and power is
transferred Immediately after
the votes are counted. But the
structure of a congressional and
presidential government is SIM
ply different, and there are some
things also to be said for a
breathing spell which enables
successful candidate outside of
office to organize his team and
his plans before assuming ad-
illustrative responsibility.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05

Basketball Schedule


Following is the Brownir
High School schedule for t h
season: >
Dec. 5-Valier there.
Dec. 6-Oilmont here.
Dec. 12-Sunburst here.
Dec. 13-Cut Bank here.
Dec. 16-Oilmont there.
Dec. 19-Conrad here.
Dec. 20-Chinook there.
Jan. 2-Fort Benton there.
Jan. 3-Shelby here.
Jan. &c. F. Central there.
Jan. 1O-Fairfeld there.
Jan. 16- Choteau here.
Jan. 17-Sunburst there.
JAN, 23-Cut Bank there.
Jan. 24-Fort Benton here.
Jan. 30-Chinook here.
Jan. 31-Shelby there.
Feb. 6-Conrad there.
Feb. 7-G. F. Central here.
Feb. 13-Fairfield here.
Feb. ID -Choteau there.
Feb. 17-Valier here.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Projects Livestock

hood worn by the Capuchin monks.
Livestock is protected from in
jury when feeders and shelters are
made of splinter-free, smooth-sur-
face tempered hardtoards
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
OdiuS Penalty

A butcher who sold bad meat in
medieval Europe was made to ride
a rail through the streets of his
town, with a piece of bad-smelling
meat tied in front of his nose.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Banner Isc.ilh Year

Ternning 1851 "a banner health
year, statisticians forcsee bright
prospects that the future will bring
further progress in the control of
mortality.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Milk Powder

Milk powder gets lumpy if ex-
posed TO the air for any length Of
time. so make sure it is stored in
tightly COntainer.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Study of Virus

Since viruses are so simple in
form, the study Of viruses may pro-
vide a clue as to the "story of life
ITSELF Yale physicist says.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Three ErrOrS

Three common beliefs are that
bats snarl themselves in women's
hair, falling cats always land on
their feet, and elephants are afraid
of mice. All are untrue.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Arabs Bat]!eG Early

Bathing was stylish among the
Arabs at time when perfume was
still substitute for soap and water
IN the courts of Europe.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Emergency Gear

In e. Paso. the new Providence
memorial hospitals expectant ia
Tiers room was equipped with two
oxygen outlets.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Rumble Bees and Clover

The only bees that can reach the
nectar in red clover are humble
bees. So without humble bees red
clover cannot grow.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Cottage Cheese

Cottage cheese can be used to ex-
cellent advantage as basic ingre-
dient for variety of fruit or vege-
table salads
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Lipstick Use

Her height in lipstick is consumed
every five years by the average
American woman a cosmetic firm
announces.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
New Teaianll

New Zealand, deep in the south
err hemisphere, abounds in fish
and trees imported from North
America.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05

Just Across the Border
The shortest international street
car line in the world runs from FL
Paso, Tex, to Juarez, Mexico.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Right or Wrong

ut is better for a man to 70
wrong in freedom than to 90 rish
in chains Thomas Huxley.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Cosmetic Cost

Cosmetics cost American men
$50, 00O, 900 in an average year, sales
records for the industry show.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05
Middle Age Patriots


The signers of the Declaration q
Independence averaged A yean
of age, a researcher reports.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-12-05

$500 year in advance
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09

THE men have been turned away
The companies are holding back
production. Now they are respon-
sible."
A number of the arriving work.
Iers telephoned newspaper Offices
and radio stations for latest in
formation in the tangled situation.
WOrkmen Rehash Situation.
The workmen who were turned
away congregated in small groups
to null over the Strike off, but
no work" situation.
They rehashed again the Presi-
dents speech that blasted the in
dustry's position in the dispute,
and some of them sang:
We're just wild about Harry"
The men displayed every will
ingnesS to work for the Govern
ment' and appeared perturbed at
the closed gates.
This looks like a lockout to
me-" said one. Il am going to
see the union Grievance Commit
tee about this
A sober mood appeared to be
replacing the quiet satisfaction
with which the men greeted the
Presidents announcement last
night that the Government would
operate the industry.
The cooling off of furnaces
before the strike and the delay in
}resuming operations already had
cut noticeably into the Nations
steel output.
J In Gainesville, in Eastern Penn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09
Mills
Continued From First Page.)

This is a lockout" some OIL
them muttered.
Republic Steel in Cleveland, one
of the companies waging a court
fight against the Presidents order
posted a notice at it's gates say
ing it was mot feasible" to operate
until the situation clarified.
In Youngstown. the Youngs-
town Sheet & Tube Co. said none
of it's workers had been calico
back to work.
THE situation must be clarified
before we can establish schedules,
the statement said.
Others Join Youngstown.
Sheet & Tube has about $4,000
workers in youngstown. Other
plants in Indiana and Illinois
bring the total to $4,000.
Two other big Ohio plants
American Steel & Wire at Cleve-
land and National Tube at Lorain
reported that their employees hac
not been told to report for work
and that no provision had beer
made to resume operations. The
plants announced, however, they
were not actively protesting" the
Presidents order.
This is definitely a lockout,
said Joseph Germano, district di'
rector of the CLIO SteelWorkers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09
Legality of Steel Mill Seizure
Unlikely to Be Settled Quickly

lnally Act was in force. That
permitted Government seizure of
industry in the national wartime
interests.
The railroads come under a
special law governing the rail and
other communications industries
But even that seizure is under dis
Ipute. The rail workers unions
are suing the Government. claim
ing the seizure was illegal and
asking that it be set aside.
In the case of the railroads Mr..
Truman acted under his emer-
gency war poWerS-but these are
due to expire as soon as he COM
pletes ratification of the Japanese
peace treaty.
He has asked a stop-gap, 60
day extension of the War Powers
Act and the House already has
approved. A Senate committee
gave it's OK, but only after speci-
flying that nothing in the law was
to be construed as empowering
seizure of the steel industry.
No such power appears in the
law. but the Senators who in
serted the proviso wanted to I'M
Iderscore their objections to seiz-
Iure.
Draft Act Powers.
The Selective Service Act grants
the President power to seize any
plant when its owner refuses to
comply" with Government prior
Iity orders for deliveries.
But the Government doesn't
give many direct defense orders
to steel plants. And the industry
in its suit for an injunction sin
gled out that fact for special men
ton.
Mr.. Truman himself indicated
two years ago that he wasn't sure
of his legal grounds on the ques-
ton of Government seizure OF
private property.
That was in the spring Of 1850
when he went before Congress
to ask for specific authority to
seize the Nations coal mines. He
acted after the United Mine Work
ers failed to obey an injunction
issued under the Taft-Hartley Act
barring them from striking for
80 days.
At that time, Mr.. Truman told
Congress: 1--WE can wait no longer
to prepare ourselves with the
necessary legislative authority"
But the issue never went beyond
THAT because the union called OF
the strike.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09

ia prolonged shutdown would
bring our defense production to
halt and throw our domestic
economy into chaos"
The President said he could
have invoked. as some had sug-
gested, the 80-day Taft-Hartley
law cooling off" period against
the union. But he said this would
have been unfair to Mr.. Murray,
who already had delayed strike
action four times since January
at Government request, delays
amounting to SO days. Moreover,
Mr.. Truman said the Taft-Hartley
law works too slowly to really
stop a strike.
"On behalf of the whole coun-
try" the President said, Il ask
the steel companies and the steel
workers union to compose their
differences in the American spirit
Of fair play and obedience to
law"
Mr.. Truman said the steel in
dustry's earnings were SO high
that the only price increase to
which the producers are entitled
lis one of 50 per ton. This is due
them under the So-called Cape
hart amendment to control law
to cover cost increases incurred
prior to last July. But he added
that after a wage settlement is
made the industry might apply
for another increase.
Presidents Estimate Higher.
The Presidents estimate Of
what the companies have coming
to them under the Capehart
amendment was higher than price
sterilization officials had indi-
Gated it would be. Most estimates
have placed it at from 81 to $3.50
per ton.
The Wage Board proposed that
the steelworkers be given a wage
raise of 17l2 cents an hour, pay
able in installments through next
January /. They proposed fringe"
adjustments valued at 8.6 cents
an hour, including six paid holi-
days, improved vacations. higher
pay for night work and extra pay
for Sunday work. The board also
proposed a union shop for the
workers.
Steel company officials have
said the proposals would add $12
per ton to the cost Of making
steel. They have demanded sub
stantial" price increases above
that which they will get under
the Capehart amendment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09

any constitutional provision anc
does not cite any specific statute
he charged. There is a tota
omission of specifications"
I'VE say that the President is
sued the seizure order in order tC
coerce the steel companies. There
is no power in the President anC
no power in Secretary of Com
merce Sawyer to make this
seizure"
Sees Irreparable Harm.
Mr.. Wilson began to list what
he called the irreparable dam
ages which would result unless
the seizure were stayed immedi-
ately.
Judge Holtzof interrupted tt
note that the possibility of il
lreparable damage is not the only
matter for the court to consider
He added that another factor
might be "the balancing Of
equities"
Mr.. Wilson agreed with him
but remarked that I'VE believe
one hundred per cent of equity
is on our side"
"We respectfully ask the court
to request the Justice Department
to present a bill of particulars as
to the constitutional and stat
utory powers claimed for the
President in this seizure order,
Mr.. Wilson said. I'VE contend
that there are no inherent and in
tangible powers in the President
No statutary provisions even re-
motely support the Presidents &C.
ton"
Asserting that "the Govern
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09
BY the Associated Press

The momentous question o!
whether the Government car
seize and operate strike-threat-
ened private industry like steel II
the absence of clear-cut legal au-
thority is headed for a showdown
But the final answer is I'm.
likely to be known for months, il
that soon, because it will have te
come from the Supreme Court
And even then Congress might
have the last word.
The arguments boil down tc
these facts:
/. President Truman says he
has the authority and duty" tc
take over the steel plants because
1t is in the national interest to
avoid strike in basic steel.
2. The companies say the Gov
eminent has no such authority
They maintain that Congress has
specifically rejected seizure as a
device for settling labor disputes
and that seizure is illegal under
the Constitution. They say Gov
eminent seizure amounts to con-
fiscation and will lead ultimately
to ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Is, Gov
eminent ownership-of the indus
try.
Lawyers Divided.
Lawyers long have been divided
over legality of the issue.
The steel companies. IN their
first papers filed with the court,
cited no specific constitutional ban
against seizure.
And Mr.. Truman'S order cited
his claimed authority in terms SO
broad they gave no clue to the
Governments basic legal founda-
ton for defense against the steel
mems challenge.
The President said he acted "by
virtue of the authority vested in
me by the Constitution and laws
of the United States, and as Presi-
dent of the United States anc
Commander in Chief of the Armed
Forces of the United States"
This isn't the first time that in
dustries have been seized by thu
Government. Many, including
coal, were taken over during
World War II. And the Govern
ment right now is operating TIT
railroads.
But these are special cases
Steel does not fall under the sam,
provisions.
During the war the Smith Con.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09

ment has reached out and taken
away the property of citizens of
the United States" Mr.. Wilson
went on:
I'VE are not in a state of war.
We are not in a situation where
requisition or seizure of this
property can be justified except
by arbitrary use of power.
Our property has been sum-
marily and illegally taken away
from us by Secretary Sawyer in
accordance with the President S
order"
Mr.. Wilson predicted that, in
view Of what happened as a re-
suit of Government seizure of the
coal industry. the Government
might make a contract with the
steel workers union.
Asks Further Study.
"You are trying to prognosti-
cate what the Government might
do at some time in the future, u
Judge Holtzoff interrupted. II
cannot consider that now"
What we are asking now" Mr.
Wilson replied. "is that you stay
the hand of the Government for
10 or 20 days until you can study
the situation more thoroughly.
1t was at this point that Judge
HoltZof suggested that the law
yers discuss particularly the ques-
ton as to whether the drastic
remedy of temporary injunction
should be given now.
Mr.. Wilson said there was am
pie justification for an immediate
restraining order as we'll as ar
eventual permanent injunction.
Says Fear Is Reasonable.
"There exists a reasonable feal
OF what might happen under Gov
eminent seizure of the steel mills,
Mr.. Wilson declared. THE facts
speak for themselves. The history
of Government in similar seizures
indicated what might happen
Great damage might be down be.
fore even 10 days. The situation
is not whimsical, imaginary OF
unreasonably fearful"
Explaining that the steel indus
try and the separate companies
have valuable trade secrets and
highly confidential business data
Mr.. Wilson warned that Govern
ment seizure of the plants might
gravely damage such information
and methods.
How could the Government get
control of secrets under the ar
arrangement whereby Secretary
Sawyer last night appointed the
presidents of companies to direct
those companies?" Judge Holtzoff
asked.
How do we know that Secre-
tary Sawyer won't send a Mr.. X
into the plants tomorrow as his
agent?" MI. Wilson countered.
Illegal, Ferguson Says.
President Humans order fol-
Government seizure Of the steel
industry to prevent strike has
drawn clashing comment from
members of Congress-.
Senator Ferguson, Republican
of Michigan charged Mr.. Truman
was using IAN illegal method in
stead of legal one" He said the
Taft-Hartley Act should have beer
utilized before the steel dispute
reached a crisis state.
On the other hand, Senator
Morse, Republican. of Oregon de-
Tended the Presidents actions
He said seizure was necessary and
in line with the Presidents lin
herert power to protect the Sc
curity of the Nation"
i Senator Hunt, Democrat, OF
Wyoming viewed the seizure as
presidential move to arouse public
opinion to get the steel COM
panies to be more temperate in
their price demands"
Senator Taft, Republican, OF
Ohio, during a press conference on
the Illinois primary, said the
PRESIDENTS action was without
legal authority.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09

sylvania, the Lukens Steel Co.
said its Workmen were returning
to the job and that it expects to
produce steel from some Of its
IL open hearth furnaces today.
The company employs $500
workers.
In Birmingham. Ala, three
major steel and iron producing
plants resumed operations but Re-
public Steel's $500 Alabama work.
ers remained idle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page)
ing orders except in "extraordi-
nary cases."
Mr.. Gall declared that an
extraordinary remedy, such as an
injunction, is essential in this case
because of the Presidents lex
traordinary action"
At the start of the steel COM
|panies' argument. Mr.. Wilson at
tackled the validity of the execu-
tive order itself.
1.-The order does not refer to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-09
Rure Lizard Put on Ice

A rare lizard being flown from
Darwin, Australia, to Melbourne
was put into a refrigerator in
error, but two hours in sunshine
thaWed it out.
The Nome nugget., 1952-04-02
NOTICE OF SALE OF REAL PROPERTY

NOTICE OF SALE OF REAL PROPERTY
 No. 871
 IN THE PROBATE COURT FOR THE CAPE NOME PRECINCT, SECOND DIVISION. TERRITORY OF ALASKA IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE OF NAPOLEON BERGAMASCHI,> De- NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the undersigned, Administrator of the fore going estate, will sell at public sale for cash and to the highest bidders, at the hour of 11:00 am. on the 14th day of April, 1852, at the office of the United States Commissioner, Nome, Alaska, the following described real properties, to-wit:
 Lot Forty-seven t40 in Block Fifty seven (50, Nome, Alaska, with any and all improvements thereon and the contents thereof.
 The South one-half (1a) of Lot Four (4) in Block SiXty-four (64), Nome, Alaska, together with the cabin there on and the furniture, fixtures and household equipment used in connec- tion herewith.
 NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN that the properties described herein just above, will first be offered for sale separately and second, collectively, and that the bids or bid from which the greatest revenue will be derived for the estate, will be accepted.
 Dated the 24th day of March, 1852.
 Russell E. Arnett,
 U. S. Commissioner Publish March 26, April 2, g, 1852.
The Nome nugget., 1952-04-02
Proposed Law Would Let Banks Keep Only One-fifth Of Reserve I'm Vaults


 WASHINGTON, (P = The air age finally caught up with na- tional banks in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Virgin Islands.
 The House has approved bill to permit these banks to keep only one-fifth of their money re- serve in the vaults as cash. Under present law two-fifths of the re- serve must be kept available. Tn recommending passage, the House Banking Committee said regular airplane services avail able to these points in Alaska and the insular possessions has made obsolete the present statutory re- quirements."
 The bill now goes to the Sen- ate.