davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-05-25
The Republican Vote Here Was Case Duvd Meetno Goliath
And of Goloth Giving DoMd the SheLockinq Lifetime

parent won out and the result was
that junior kept his rendezvous
with a--hairbrush. To the grand
parents in the audience, this un-
doubtedly represented an eminently
satisfactory outcome.
With the advantage Of hindsight.
the result of the District primary
last week seems obvious. It would
appear now that on any basis they
could have chosen. the Eisenhower
men were beaten before they started.
The Old Guard not only ran the
stronger men for local Office, but also
backed the stronger candidate, at
least in the eyes Of voting District
Republicans. There is no question
that they won in a fair fight. The
only remarkable thing about the
election at this point is that there
was ever any doubt about the re-
suit. And yet it was apparent to
any one that, until the returns were
actually counted. the Old Guard was
Shivering in its boots.
A Novelty for the Old Guord
Perhaps, more than anything else,
it was the novelty of stalking their
political lives on a real, honest-to-
goodness election that chilled the
party leaders. The hazards involved
Evening star., 1952-05-25
By William Hines

and gang plows that could turn the
soil to depth as great as foot.
Breaking the deep roots and exposing
them to the sun killed the choking
growth and made the land tillable.
Three hundred thousand acres have
been cleared this way. India esti-
mates now that she will be able to
produce an additional million tons
of wheat annually. This amount of
food would cost sos million to Inn
port. The added yearly production
Of wheat, interestingly enough. is
just about half the amount provided
by the stopgap $3.50 million Ameri-
can loan to India for wheat last
year.
The French and Indian loans
turned out to be sound ones. as have
the 81 others made by the World
Bank. But the gim1et-eyed bankers
take no chances. Altogether, about
800 loan applications have been re-
ceived.
The World Bank. on receiving
Evening star., 1952-05-25

money is the big part, but only q
part, of its services.
Obviously, a sound financial opera
ton must be based on collateral for
loans. This is as true of the World
Bank as it is of the corner hook
shop. Collateral, in the case Of ma
tionS. takes the form of government
bonds. The World Bank lends 81
million to Lower Slobbovia, at 4 per
cent. and takes 81 million worth of
Slobbovian bonds in exchange. Then
1t plays the world market with the
Slobbovian securities. Or, using the
Slobbovian bonds as backing, 1t floats
bonds Of its own.
The bank finds no difficulty in
marketing its bonds. It's latest issue
was oversubscribed at 33s per cent,
which indicates financial confidence
in the banks operations.
The World Banks officials like to
think of the bank as being closer to
the people than most persons would
suppose. Many Americans are in
volved in the banks operations. they
say, and not just through the United
States Governments substantial
participation. Many firms with con-
tributory pension plans invest em-
ploye contributions in interest
ing. World Bank bonds. Insurance
companies and savings banks also
buy these bonds as safe investments.
A Kind Of Point Four
On the other end Of its activities,
the World Bank considers itself a
kind Of cooperative point-four, CIV.
ing backward nations technical as
sistance backed up with money.
when our missions 60 out" one
official explained. "they frequently
find something wrong in the country.
They feel free to tell the would be
borrower that he Is not doing good
job Of stemming imitation; that his
tax structure is wrong; that the
operation Of his ports could be inn
proved. In this way, we are protect
ing our investment, and we also are
helping the borrower to strengthen
his own economy"
Evening star., 1952-05-25

loan application, Is not content to
sit back and play percentages. It
sends out missions to scout the coun-
try involved and weigh the propo-
sition on the basis of technical and
financial facts. One bank official
says. 1--WE consider it just as much
q service to q country to refuse bad
loan as to grant a good one."
Ethiopion Telephones
Sometimes a loan looks better on
paper than 1t does on the ground.
Such case developed when the Ethi-
opian government asked for loan
to set up q radio-telephone system
between Adds Ababa and the prov
inces. Certainly something was
needed in Ethiopia. People were
standing in line for as much as five
days in some towns before they could
place call. In general, Ethiopia was
in good shape to repay the loan. So
the World Bank sent team to Ethi-
opia to get first-hand look.
Using q small airplane, the mission
shuttled from one end of the big
African kingdom to the other. And
when their tour was over, they knew
more about Ethiopian communica-
tions than Ethiopia itself did.
The surveyors found, for instance,
$4,000 steel telephone poles, erected
in the sos by the Italian occupation.
They found miles and miles Of cop
per wire, ready for stringing on the
posts. All this was news to the Adds
Ababa government.
So the World Bank turned down
the original loan. but recommended
that Ethiopia apply for another. The
upshot was that Halle Selassie did
not get radio telephone network.
But he did get conventional phone
system that does the job just as well
and much more cheaply, too,
thanks to Mussolini and his $4,000
phone poles.
Except for savings and checking
accounts. the World Bank does vir-
tually all the things for its member
nations that private banks here do
for individual patrons. Lending
Evening star., 1952-05-25
World Government Setup That Shows Profit

International banking, which
made j. p. Morgan and Montagu
Norman what they were in the good
old days. still is lucrative business.
But in common with so many finan-
cial endeavors, this type of banking
has passed largely from private hands
into the lap of officialdom.
With the ascendancy of Govern
mentor more precisely, super
Government-int the financial field,
certain amount Of waste motion and
ineficiency in banking might be ex-
pected. But the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Develop
ment. after five years of operation.
is firmly in the black. In fact, the
so-called world Bank" is even
thinking Of declaring dividend.
What started out at Breton Woods
as o gleam in the eyes of Missionaries
has turned out to be a remarkably
hard-boiled operation, run by bank
ers under bankers rules. In fiye years.
the World Bank has lent out more
than $1.3 billion without losing
cent in sour investments. What is
more, not one Of 28 nations which
have borrowed from the bank has
defaulted on q penny's principal or
interest, or has even been late in
making loan repayments. The ex-
pected result Is q net profit this fiscal
year Of $15.6 million.
Georgion Heods Bank
y 80
Present head Of the World Bank
Is Eugene r. Black, 54-year-old
Georgian, who had q meteoric pre-
war career In investment banking.
A Phi Beta Kappa at II and UNI
versity of Georgia alumnus at l8.
Mr.. Black was vice president OF
the Chase National Bank before join
ing the World Bank In l947. He
! became president In l949. when John
J. McCloy left to become American
high commissioner in Germany.
Like that of any big financial
operation, the World Banks organ
ization is quite complex. No nickel
and-dime outfit, It Is capitalized at
tS.453, 500, 900 at present roughly IS
per cent Of its authorized capital Of
u q
Evening star., 1952-05-25

Having agreed that the above re-
visions in the American immigration
and naturalization system are steps
forward, critics of the bill 60 on to
enumerate long list of controversial
changes and deliberate avoidance of
change. The following are some of
the principal controversial issues in
the bill.
Evening star., 1952-05-25
History

It was the 1847 potato famine in
Ireland that touched OF the great
movement to America. Germanys
political troubles swelled the flow
two years later. In that first squirt,
which lasted nine years, million
persons arrived, double the number
in the preceding 70 years. The tempo
increased-with brief periods of re-
cession during economic Slumps-
until it reached its peak in 1907,
when 1.285.000 persons were adj
mitted. Since 1920. some 80 mil
lion immigrants have been taken
in, SO million of them direct from
Europe.
Before 1875 there were no bars
to immigrants. Even as late as
World War I, Congress had passed
only mild restrictions so far as nom
Orientals were concerned. prohibiting
an influx Of criminals. paupers, and
physical and mental detectives. The
ban on Chinese had been established
since 1882, and was not to be lifted
until 1943. Contract laborers, who
pledged their future wages to pay
for their passage. had been banned
In 1885. Anarchists and persons adj
vocating overthrow of the Govern
ment were first prescribed in 1908.
But not until the first World War
did restrictionists gain enough back
ing to throttle down the general flow.
First they tried to reduce it by maxi
ing qualitative restrictions. such as
prohibiting the entry of illiterates.
When this failed to stem the tide,
they resorted to selective quota
system. This scheme, refined over
the period from 1921 to 1929. still is
in effect today.
Quota System
An individual country's quota, was
to be 1/6 of per cent of the number
Of persons Of that national origin
already living In America, as shown
in the 1920 census-or 100. which,
Evening star., 1952-05-25

in such an unheard-of process were
far cry from the chubby affairs
that passed as primaries in previous
years. That they emerged from the
contest more firmly settled in the
saddle than ever: that the State
committee, for once, will represent
the fair choice Of District Repub-
licans, are results for which they can
thank their opposition. Under the
circumstances, though, it Is doubtful
that their gratitude will be over
whelming.
Last weeks primary settled the
question Of what role the District will
play in the coming presidential cleo
ton. It also disposed of any doubt
about local leadership for the next
four years. The only remaining issue
now is that of future Republican
primaries here. Was the performance
this year just a flash-in-the- -pan?
Will popular interest in the primary
subside once more to its normal, sub
zero level? Or were some Of the
changes worked this year to have q
lasting effect. on future contests?
To a large degree the answer lies
within the Old Guard itself. The
possibility Of liberalizing primary pro-
cedures by law is still before the
Congress. It is backed by the local
Democrats and the Eisenhower fac
ton of the G. o. P. But as long as
the Republican State Committee con-
tinues to oppose it, the measure has
small chance Of enactment.
Recently. however, Old Guard
leaders have appeared to be
warming up to the idea of letting
some one else handle the details of
running the local elections The work
involved in taking care of this years
unprecedented turnout of voters may
have proved an eye-opener to those
who have favored the old way Of do
ing things. Above all. the result Of
the primary may have stiffened the
courage Of the Old Guard to the point
Of accepting an open contest as the
routine way Of winning elective Office.
II such is the case, the cause of the
Eisenhower rebellion was not entirely
lost one, and District Republicans
can look forward to more lively pri.
mary contests here in coming years.
Evening star., 1952-05-25
Non-C Controversial Items

There are. Of course, some nom
controversial policy revisions in the
bill that draw applause all around.
These are the principal ones:
/. All determinations because of
sex are eliminated. Up to now, pref
erence has been shown to men.
2. All Asiatics are made eligible for
immigration and citizenship.
3. Reformed totalitarianS, such as
former Communists who lave be-
come anti Communists, could be adj
mitted. This lowers slightly the bars
erected in 1850.
4. A selective system for picking inn
migrants is introduced, showing pref
erence to persons who fill special
needs in this country. Scientists,
doctors, professors and skilled workers,
for instance, get top priority. This
principle of selectivity is not matter
Of controversy. But the critics do COM
Evening star., 1952-05-25
IS This Country Doing It's Share for Immigrants?
BY EorI H. yoss

Times have changed since Emma
Lazarus wrote her now-famous
American invitation to the "huddled
masses" When those words and the
Statue of Liberty were dedicated in
1886. America was filling up with
people who were to make her great.
Immigration was building up to the
point where, in the early 19OOs, q
million people a year were being
taken into the country.
For the past quarter of a century,
however. this land Of opportunity
each year has been stunning thou
sands, some say millions, who would
like to move here. From 1941 to
1850, the average yearly number Of
immigrants was only 100000. and
this included the unexpected influx
Of postwar displaced persons. In the
previous decade, immigration aver
aged $4,000 annually.
Congress has just voted to keep
the damper on. Last week the Senate
passed a House-approved codif1ca-
tion Of all the country,s controls on
immigration, deportation and natur-
alization scattered through the law
books Of the past generations. This
is the so-called McCarran bill. It's
sponsors claim that. beyond assem-
bling all the rules between two covers,
it also liberalizes the American atti-
tude toward admitting foreigners.
Opponents contend that the net effect
Of the liberalization is small. They
fought bitter though losing battle
against what they called the "racist
philosophy" Of the measure.
President Truman is known to be
dissatisfied with many provisions Of
the bill, but has not committed him
self on possible veto. House-Sen-
ate conferees now are ironing out
minor differences between the two
houses versions.
Numbers Not the Issue
The debate about this legislation
had very little to do with the num-
ber Of immigrants to be admitted
each year. No one in Congress adj
vocated much Of an increase in per.
sons to be taken In.
The bill, sponsored Jointly by Rep
resentative Walter Of Pennsylvania
and Senator McCarran of Nevada,
raises the annual immigrant quota
by microscopic $50 persons, to 1884,
657. Foes Of the measure advocated
notifications which would have
raised the quota to 214.000. Meas
ured against the country's 155 mil
lion population. such quotas almost
get lost. The range of opinion on
how many people should be admitted
to the United States annually. then,
varies from 0.10 of ! per cent to
Ola of l per cent Of the present
population. Actually. not even this
small number Of people gets into the
country.
Evening star., 1952-05-25
District Primary

The whooping and hollering that
attended the hottest Republican
presidential primary in Washington
history has died away. For the time
being. Washington politics is back in
its familiar. uninspired routine. Now
Is the time for the Sunday morning
quarterback to step forward with a
few hundred well-chosen words on
what happened and why and what, If
anything, it all meant.
The answer to what happened is
simple enough. A few months ago
the tight little group that makes up
the Republican Old Guard in the
District got wind of mutiny in the
rear ranks. A band Of young party
men. outSpoken supporters Of Gen.
Eisenhower, were convinced with
good reason that the leadership of
the local party was made up Of Taft
men. They were equally convinced
that under the old-style Republican
District primary, Eisenhower's cause
was hopeless.
Admitting the first conclusion,
there was no denying the second.
For years the District primary had
been run as the private clambake of
the Old Guard. Practically none but
the party faithful bothered to reg
lister. Chairmen of the city's 43 elec-
tion districts, appointed by the So
called State committee, signed up
without restriction as many voters as
they thought would make re-
spectacle turnout. Precinct meetings
were informal, impromptu and per-
functory. Because contests were rare.
secret balloting was. too.
Wonted-o Low
The rebels started their fight over
the matter of getting q law to reg
ulate District elections by special
board. When the District Commits
sioners tried to hold local hearings on
the proposition, representatives Of the
Republican State Committee stalked
from the meeting. When bill was
approved by the Senate District Com
mittee and called up on the Senate
floor. supporters of the State COM
mittee blocked its consideration.
The Eisenhower faction tried diff
ferent line of attack. Angry state
ments appeared in the newspapers,
denouncing the local G. o. P. leader
ship as closed corporation. Demands
followed for reform of the primary
rules to allow clearer expression Of
popular sentiment on the issues
facing the party.
The Old Guard briStled, snorted
and gave ground. When rules were
announced for this years primary,
they followed the old pattern. But
several important concessions to the
reformers had been made. More
notice would be given Of the registra-
ton procedures and precinct meet
ings. Precinct chairmen would be
limited to signing up voters during
the official registration period. Pre-
cinct meetings would follow strister
rules. The real change, though, re-
suited from the publicity which the
rebellion had inspired. A lot of peo-
pie who never had heard Of a primary
election In the District before, sud-
denly became interested. A total Of
1879 District Republicans turned
out to register in April-more than
five times the number that signed
up in 1948.
In the buildup to the showdown,
both sides campaigned for all they
were worth. The Old Guard ducked
the national issues by claiming neu-
Evening star., 1952-05-25

ever was the greater. The total came
to little more than $4,000. There
was no quota for Negroes.
This quota system had the effect
Of establishing preference for immi-
grants from the British Isles and
Germany. because British, Irish and
German stock predominated in the
1920 American population. To a les
ser degree. the national origins quota
system also favored persons from
Italy, Poland. Russia and Sweden.
The present quota, almost un-
changed for the last 2O-odd years, al
lots 65. 1851 places to Great Britain and
Northern Ireland: 25,814 to Ger
many; 17,756 to Ireland: 6,488 to Po-
land: 5,645 to Italy; 1926 to Sweden;
3.136 to Holland, and 5000 to France.
ASiatic exclusions, with the exception
Of blocks Of 100 each for China, In
dia and the Philippines, are still in
effect
This distribution is one basis for
the racism charge against the McCar-
ran measure. For advocating con-
tinuance of these proportions, sup
porterS of the bill are accused of
indulging Hitler-type preference for
Nordic and Anglo-Saxon strains.
In actual practice this 25-year-
quota scheme has been twice as re-
Strictive as 1t looked. Countries with
the largest quotas never send more
than half Of the numbers they are
allowed Great Britain, for instance,
with 65.721 places, sent only 17,194
in 1850. Since quotas are not trans
ferable, the unused portion of the
total quota has averaged well above
so per cent.
McCorron Bill
The McCarran-W Walter bill has been
subjected to persistent criticism by
a small but vocal band of liberal
Senator'S. seconded by influential
sections of the press. While the meas
ure is- largely q codification-an
omnibus-it does make significant
revisions in basic immigration policy.
McCarran likes to remind his critics
that the bill represents some 21a years
work by large Senate subcommittee
staff, working with the advice of
several hundred Government advisers.
Officials Of the immigration and Ma
turalization Service, the Visa and
Passport Divisions of the State De-
partment, and other affected agencies
participated in the project.
Evening star., 1952-07-09
summer shopping hours

unIHIGI OnUPPIMS MVuIO
Main and North Buildings
Open Monday through Fridoy except
Thursday when hours are 1870 to 9.
Closed Saturdays through Aueust23
Bsthssda.chsvy Chase;
Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday hours
$50 to s. Thursdays and Fridays, 1870
to 9. Closed on Mondays
Bethesda Budget Store;
Tuesday through Saturday, e:3O too
Evening star., 1952-07-09
IrrsguIars, II perfect 3.s5 10 7.s5

You've pod much more for these Nov have drower full
Of sports shirts ond pocket full Of sovno Included il the
group mony handsome styles, patterns and coors The
fobrics many you'll find cotons royons, nylons
coduroys and some 500 WOOL 4o96 royons. Short and
long sleeves; sizes small to extra large
MEMS FURNISHINGS Down sfols Store, Moin Building
!. also Bethesda Budget Store
, 1952-05-22
ORGANIC

HN8
to the Virgin Islands and hold
hearings as I had hoped and
planned to do. ! personally
doubt whether our Committee
will take any action this ses-
sion Of Congress on the new
Organic Act in the absence OF
such hearings.
You may be certain that the
matter is very much in my
mind, and T am hopeful that
Senator O'Mahoney and ! and
as many other members Of the
Committee as possible will be
able to 60 to the Islands next
fall and meet you there.
, 1952-05-22
NOTICE TO FARMERS

All Farmers are urged to attend at least one Of the fol
lowing meetings for the purpose Of signing agreements for
securing representation by the farmers Production & Mar
keting Service in matters pertaining to the production and
marketing Of sugarcane and other subjects allied thereto
Thursday May 22nd 800 PM Peters Rest School
Friday May 23rd = 800 PM Fredensborg School
Sunday : May 25th 400 PM Grove Place
HENRY E. ROHLSEN
Director
, 1952-05-22
Attention !!
Attention ]!
Attention !!

Your tDholehedrted cooperation ana generous donations
are solicited by the 81. Croi1 Nurses Alun1nde. You are
cordially inpited to attend the first IN the series Of
dances sponsored by them for the purpose Of send
ing delegates to the American Nurses Associa-
ton 1862 Biennial Convention.
The ConDentton wi1 be in Atlantic City NetO Jersey,
June Is 90.
Music will be furnished by the
RHYTHM SIX" Orchestra at TROPICANA
on MAY 10Th from 10 pm. to 8 am.
PRICE or ADMISSION $500
please make your table reservations early.
, 1952-05-22

...
the Sea, read q message from
Governor de Castro.
Al the speakers table were
also James A. Bough, Director,
Caribbean Section, Trustee
ship Division, United Nations;
Ashley L. Totten, Internation-
al Secretary : Treasurer Bro
therhood of Sleeping Car Por-
tiers, and president, American
Virgin Islands Society.
, 1952-05-22
OPERETTA g.

- 1850
forty-three boys and girls in
the play. The three featured
characters were Lydia Mo
rales as the Fairy Queen, Elisa
James was the Gypsy Queen
and Brenda Daggett was the
May Queen.
The performance by the
kids showed that Mrs. Stevens
must have put IN much time
and effort in order to train
them to carry through their
parts so smoothly. r
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-11-07
Feminine Fashion
FLdir===
BY BERNADlNE CARRICKETT

looking dress? Wait minute Don't
that question Who isn't? Maybe
pointers type things price
Patterned shows this of the
the bracket 1t especially well
wrinkle easily
In the dresy fabric the emphasis solid
yarndyed affeta dolby affeta plaid affea fai
Ply faine Dense
good feature the haf-size
The styles type toward the classic
GLIDING dress-and
spencer S a good
The equally divided between des
and basics with
ply ae fabric the style coachman look
with the popular full lang skirt Another good item is the
lighter fae fitted modes that button high
Peter Pan collars fabric sheaths
DRESSER novelty pre-tucked striped
affeta veVeteen combn
ed fae and with almost irdescen
look these capped butonfron styles with fun
skirts preferred the fabrics sofness scaloped
collars and pepums shrred tucks for the Crepes.
Dressy dresses with look
and hanung shirtwais6 suit dresses
also high the list Detailing prevalent
for black the front with self
fringe tass decorating front THAT Is of the
I've
For aerve viii find that ribbed the
surface softly with deep
highigh category metallic embroidered
jewel coors emerald and sapphire Fancy
of matching punCtuate Ofhed bodices
There's girls It's Don't feel that
theses I've
markets and the the asking
fit the smallest budget