davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-09-07

Richmond society in 1947 and is
a member of the Junior League.
Mr.. Talman is an alumnus of st.
Christopher's School in Richmond
and the University Of Virginia.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15
By OTTO T. HABEDANK

do is to convey or dispose of the
owners mineral rights, nor a royalty
interest in those rights. It consti-
tutes a license or permit to a lessee
or his assignee-of the right to search
for, develop, and produce oil and re-
lated products from the land in ques-
ton upon payment of rental to the
owner of the minerals or the owner
of the royalty rights, as the case may
be, for the term of the lease.
Nearly all leases can be terminated
at the option of lessee and exempt
the lessee from payment of the rem
tai called for in the lease (excepting
as to the royalties on production)
during such time as well is being
drilled on the leased premises or
production is had from such well
as has been drilled and is producing.
Most leases are singularly silent
as to the drilling of offset wells, what
shall constitute reasonable produc-
ton, and many other debatable mat
tiers that may arise in the event Of
production.
It should be understood that
the Terms contained within the
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

THIS ARTICLE must, of necessity,
be general in character. However,
there are certain things which any
person having to do with oil and
mineral leases should understand be-
fore entering into a contract for the
leasing of his land.
OF primary Importance is the
knowledge that the leasing of land
for the purpose of producing oil, and
a sale of either minerals or royalties
in land are separate and distinct
matters.
Amy instrument. regardless Of
its title, that purports TO
grant" bargain" sell" OF
convey" any right. title. or in
terest in the minerals in and un-
der. or produced from land is not
a lease of that property. Il is not
necessary to sell either mineral
rights or royalty interests there
in TO lease land for oil develop
ment.
One might then What will
an oil lease of land, properly drawn
do?"
One thing such lease will not
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15
Parents Receive
$1,000 Payment

AS BENEFICIARIES of special
Montana Farmer Stoclman accident
policy Mr.. and Mrs. Irven Kinyon
of Galata have received a payment
of $4,000.
The policy was held by their son,
Clare Kinyon, who was killed in
an auto accident near Galata Nov.
2, 1851. The policy allowed $4,000
for loss of life but it had been re-
newed twice, bringing a 10 percent
increase in benefits or a total Of
$4,000. Premium for the policy is
So for the first year and 81 for each
annual renewal.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15
Jan. Is to Feb. l
By oscar I. MoLDENHAUER

THREE MAIN STORMS heavy
northern the
the cold will
mainly the continental divide and the most
prolonged spells northeast Montana By the 9th
thereafter however will southwark
affect all of Montana Farmer
alike brief trend weather
24th 10Th inclusive permit mild haw
weather. Otherwise rather cold weather will predominant during
this forecast period
Weather Changes
Tuesday the
northern Wyoming within
substantial of probably blizzard in the
this forecast
Wednesday, souheastward this by
Friday in favor of warmer, unsettled weather
Another disturbance expected reach western Montana about
Friday Montana Wyoming
colder weather will this fore
region Saturday. light
may continue rather cold through the 23d.
region Thursday, until Saturday
cold indicated all Of Mon
Wyoming Sunday the 27 This looks like
favorable snowfall possibly blizzard with
weather Clear weather
pected Wednesday, 3O gradually the
comparatively moderate levels by Friday
Feb. 1st
expected skies the nights will continue fairly
cold this time This because clear skies permit the maximum
the ea by radiation night whereas
daytime the influence of the
Thus weather have much greater fluctuations in
between night than during cloudy weather
Precipitation Normal above. Temperatures: Below normal
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

owned Eka1aka Telephone company.
Give Good Service
The frequency modulated radio
sets are free from lightning caused
static and have worked satisfactorily,
according to Howard Olsen, Baker,
the commercial operator in charge,
who makes occasional checks on the
equipment. Only minor difficulties
such as blown fuses and power fluc-
tuations have been experienced.
At the Ekalaka end of the radio
link, some "a customers are served
at present and Manager r. D. Tooke
reports so additional applications on
file for new service when available.
There are 35 rural phone customers
served by SIS miles of rural line and
plans are proceeding on another 125
miles of line to serve ranchers in
the area.
The radio link will eliminate the
heavy and sometimes nearly impos-
sible maintenance job on the line to
Baker thus allowing more money
and effort for local phone facilities,
according to Tooke. The difficult
maintenance problem started sew
eral years ago when the highway
was relocated leaving the phone
line deep in the snowdrifts during
the winter. Now there is no worry
about storms putting the lines out Of
order. And the dual transmitters
and receivers in the radio system of
fer two circuits instead of the one
available on the old wire line.
Lower Cost
With no regular transportation
systems of any kind through to
Eka1aka. communication becomes an
especially important item. And with
line construction costs going uI
along with everything else, the $780,
600 involved in setting up the two
radio stations is bargain. The
simplest rural phone lines now cos
about $3.50 per mile while good toll
line could cost UP to 81, 900 per mile
A similar radio link may be con
structed in the future to connect the
Fulton ranch, about 20 miles south
west of Baker. and up to 80 othel
ranchers, many of whom have beer
served by the private Fulton
s'barbed-wire phone system" TO
about eight years. Dan Fulton
known nationally as president of thu
American Society of Range Man
agement, is replacing the barbeC
wire system with regular poles ant
wiring with the prospect of the radi,
link in mind. "A separate set 0
transmitters and receivers would b
needed at Baker and at the rancl
but Fulton is confident the projec
would be worth while and economic
ally sound on a longtime basis.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

World cattle numbers 100000
head as of Jan. /, 1850 are at an all
time high. This number is 8 percent
above prewar (1936-4O) levels. A
further increase is forecast for Jan.
l, 1852. The u. S. has approximately
10 percent of the total cattle popula-
ton of the world.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

parties: and regardless of the
fine print. In order TO avoid mis-
understanding at LATER time.
each lessor should carefully read
his lease in order TO determine
whether or not there are any
specific provisions contained in
II which exempt the lessee from
performing any particular cove
nant which the lessor desires TO
be performed. This should be
done before the lease is executed.
The average printed so-called
.Producers 88" lease form comprises
a document as long as this article,
and it is therefore impossible to dis
cuss all of its many provisions. How
ever, would call to the attention Of
any person seeking to lease land that
although all of these leases are SINH
lar, they are in fact by no means
identical. Most of these leases, I'M
less altered, permit the lessee to
unitize or pool land of the lessor with
other lands as desired by the lessee.
Utilization is desirable; but / be-
1ieve it should be effected by agree
ment of both lessor and lessee. Most
1essees will agree to such an altera-
ton in the terms.
Any land owner who signs a lease
is binding himself by a contract
which could become a serious cloud
upon his title and which, potentially
at least, involves large sums of mon
ey in the event of actual production
of oil. If production of oil is not
contemplated by the parties there
would hardly be any necessity for
the lease. Therefore, cannot urge
too strongly that the terms of the
lease be gone over carefully by the
lessor and discussed with a COM
petent attorney before the lease is.
signed.
In my opinion, the fact that many
matters which concern the lessor
and lessee are not specifically men
toned in the lease is not, in itself,
particularly detrimental to the lessor.
This rule should be borne in
mind in connection with oil
1eases-tl1at our courts construe
oil and gas leases most strictly
against the lessee rather than the
lessor.
Further, it has been consistently
held by the courts that the very pur-
pose of an oil lease requires reason
able diligence on the part of the
lessee in the production and sale Of
oil from the premises leased; and any
action on the part of lessee which
does not reasonably come within the
terms of such a rule, unless the
lessee be specifically exempted from
performance by the terms of the
lease itself, may result in the for
fixture of the lease.
In our law practice we have found
that most of the oil lease men are
reputable, but there are always those
in any profession who cast cloud
upon all Any reputable man seek
ing to obtain lease has credentials
which he should be willing for the
lessor to check before entering into
a contract with him.
If the lessor is receiving a fair
price for his lease there is no
reason for there TO be such q
rush about executing any lease
that its terms and the back
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

tell lines serving the privately
owned Ekalaka Telephone company.
Give Good Service
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

January IS, 1882
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-09-14
BY Charles ]. Yarbrough

it's authenticity, the Unions Gen. Nc
Clellan went to battle across the
valley of the Antietam.
Despite the advantage of the lost
ORDER he missed complete victory.
After the days carnage, both sides
quit fighting at dark, as though by
mutual consent, and Lee took his
shattered force back across the
Potomac, unpursued by Mcclellan.
The Miller cornfield. which changed
hands Many times during that day,
was in corn again this year.
A windstorm blew down the little
Dunkard church on the Hagerstown
pike 30 years ago. Some of its bricks,
its benches still stained with blood
of men brought into the church for
treatment. and one of its doors Is
stored in Sharpsburg garage.
Restoration of the church is doubtful
Behind its stone foundations stands
an oak tree which was hardly large
enough to catch stray MIME balls on
September II. 1862.
A Confederate cannon, which came
through the battle unscathed, was
wrecked by careening milk truck
few months ago.
The Antietam dead-over 1000
identified and 1886 still unknown
rest in neat maidstone rows atop
the hill at the eastern edge of Sharps-
burg. In all, there are more than
5000 graves, one of them that of a
soldier of the Korean war.
The old guard of Antietam's visitors
those who fought THERE'S dead
Relatives of the dead, unless they live
nearby, have almost ceased to come
Visitors who do, according to Supt.
E. w. Doust, are the historians, the
students and the reverent, rather
than the casual sightseer
New orientation maps have been
placed at strategic points around the
battlefield. Arrows mark the proper
tour sequence.
One of them calls for a halt at the
Miller cornf1eld
"Bloodiest spot on the continent"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-09-14
SHARPSBURG, Md.

SHARPSBURG, Md.
TIME and Gettysburg have all but
l. bleached Antietam's place in his
tory as the years have bleached its
blood.
Ninety years ago Wednesday, in a
single burning day, 23,110 men fell
dead and wounded In what was
thought then to be a struggle for
little church on the Hagerstown pike.
A Federal corps lost 1000 men in
20 minutes.
Even as the dead still choked Bloody
Lane and bodies still Uttered Miller's
cornfield, the experts and budding his
torians did not consider it decisive
battle.
After the trouncing it took at Sec
ond Manassas, the North needed a
victory and Antietam was reason
able facsimile. But, for historys
sake, Antietam meant this:
1t ended Gen. Lees first invasion
of the North and stamped the war
as one to finish
For Lee, it was a highpoint of
holiness
With the repulse of Gen. Bragg's
invasion of Kentucky, Antietams re-
suit postponed England's threatened
recognition of the Confederacy.
Above all, it gave President Lincoln
the psychological opportunity to issue
the Emancipation Proclamation.
The Washington Star of September
"a, 1862, seven days after the battle,
quoted correspondent: 1.-The victory
for it was victory-has been dearly
purchased, but Maryland has been
saved and along with it the Republic"
For sheer drama, fiction writer's
could ask no more than the fact of
Lees lost order.
AS Union forces moved into Fred
erick, two corporals found three cigars
wrapped in paper. The paper was
Lees Special Orders No. 1871" It was
the Confederate leaders Official or
ders, showing every division he had.
where it was and what he intended
doing with it. With little doubt of
Evening star., 1952-05-02

functions (section 3 Of the act
of December IS, 1925. D. c.
Code. 1910 edition. sec. 43-205).
These functions duplicate re-
sponsibilities of the Public
Utilities Commission.
The Board of Commissioners
will carry out the basic reor-
ganization made possible by
this plan as soon as practicable
without disrupting the opera
ton of the District govern
ment and will complete the re-
organization no later than
June 80. 1858. Thereafter or
ganizational adjustments can
be made as conditions require.
The primary benefits from
this reorganization plan will
take the form of improvements
in administration and service.
Many benefits in improved op-
erations are to be expected in
future years which will result
in a reduction of expenditures
Evening star., 1952-05-02

government of the District Of
Columbia. BY transferring to
the Board of Commissioners the
functions of most of the exist
ing agencies, abolishing those
agencies, and granting the
Board broad authority to dele
gate its functions, the plan per-
mits a major realignment of the
administrative structure of the
District government. 1t is the
intention of the Board of Com
miSsioners to assign the func-
tions of many of the existing
agencies to a much smaller
number of departments.
A few District agencies are
excluded from the operation of
the plan. Principal of these
are the judicial agencies, which
are not subject to the Reorgan-
lzation Act, the National Guard,
the Board of Library Trustees,
the Board of Education, the
zoning Board, the Recreation
Board and the Public Utilities
Commission.
The plan empowers the Board
of Commissioners to provide for
the performance of most of it's
executive functions by officers,
agencies and employees of the
District government. This pro-
vision authorizes appropriate
delegation of authority, both
with and without the right of
redelegation as the Commits
Sioners may decide, and the
withdrawal of modification of
such delegation at any time.
Regulatory functions vested in
the Commissioners my statute
are to be retained in the Board
Of Commissioners, as we'll as
budget control, approval of con-
tracts in excess of $25,O00 and
the appointment and removal of
the heads of agencies reporting
directly to the Board of Com
miSsioners. Under all delega-
tions the board will, of course,
retain ultimate authority and
responsibility.
Like the head Of any large
organization, the Board of Com
missioners should be given ade-
Evening star., 1952-05-02
New Order Consists
OF Five Sections
The Reorganization Order
consists of five sections.

The Reorganization Order
consists of five sections.
SECTION 1.
Section ! transfers to the
Board of Commissioners all the
functions of 95 Offices and agen-
cieS. These are listed in the Or
der. Considerable difficulty was
encountered in developing this
list and determining how COM
prehensive it should be. not be-
cause of any doubt as to the
agencies which should be inte-
grated but because of the un-
certain history of some of these
agencies. Some have been Gre
ated by statute, others by Ian
guage in appropriation acts and
still others by action of the
Commissioners. Many estab-
lished by the Commissioners
have been recognized later in
appropriation acts.
Many of the activities and
functions so created have been
expanded or amended by sub
sequent congressional action. AS
a result through the years the
legislative background Of these
many agencies has become SO
complicated that only by dras-
tic consolidation and reorgani-
zation can their legal status be
resolved.
This plan proposes such ac-
tion and provides for transfer
ring to the Board of Commis-
sioners all of the functions and
activities of these 95 specified
agencies and their subordinate
units.
Evening star., 1952-05-02
Full Outline Is Issued
On Program Now
Before Congress

This is the tert OF a state
ment issued by the District
Commissioners, explaining the
reorganization plan sent to
Congress by President Truman
yesterday:
Reorganization Plan No. 5 of
1852 was transmitted to the
Senate and the House of Rep
reSentatives in Congress assem-
bled, pursuant to the provisions
of the Reorganization Act of
1949. approved June 20. 1949.
This wise and progressive &C
tion of the President of the
United States gives the District
government both the opportun-
ity and the obligation greatly to
improve its organization in ac-
cordance with the expressed
wishes of the people of the
District of Columbia. The sec
ond stage of the District gov
ernment's efforts to reorganize
has thus been accomplished.
The first stage involved the
development of the basic con-
cept and detailed plan of reor-
ganization, and was substan-
TALLY completed last December.
when this plan was approved
by the Board of Commissioners.
The second stage involved
securing the necessary approval
of this plan by the President
and the Executive Offices. and
putting the plan into proper
form for transmittal to Con-
gress. This approval was given
by the President on Wednesday,
April 23rd. Since then District
officials have been working
closely with the White House
staff, the Civil Service Commis-
sion, the Bureau of the Budget
and the Department of Justice,
to put the Presidents reorgani-
zation plan and message Of
transmittal into final form.
Evening star., 1952-05-02
District Commissioners Submit Explanation Of Reorqanz Plan

pointment and compensation in
consistent with Plan No. 5. I'm
der the Reorganization Act of
1949 all of these attributes of
office will attach to the Office to
which the functions of the abol-
iShed Office are delegated by the
Board of Commissioners.
The retirement rights of po-
licemen and firemen are not af-
fected. The authority of the
Board of Commissioners, of in
dividual Commissioners and of
department heads is in no wise
diminished, but rather is
strengthened. The control of
the Commissioners over agencies
created by them and per-
forming functions delegated
by them is not affected.
The three-man commission con-
sisting of two civilian members
and an officer from the Corps of
Engineers OF the army is con-
tinued.
The advantages of the present
system including the close Fed
eral-municipal relationship are
maintained. The Commissioners
have continuing authority to ef-
feet sound reorganization within
the Government on a continu-
ing basis to meet changing con-
dltlonS. The Board of Commits
Sioners retains its right to abol-
1sh any office. change the name
or title of any Office, consolidate
two or more Offices or functions,
reduce the number of employees,
and make appointments to and
remove from any office under it.
Evening star., 1952-05-02
Initial Increases
In Costs Likely

Primary benefits from these
reorganiZations take the form
of improvements in administra-
ton and services. Eventually
economies are expected, al
though some initial increases in
costs may result from the new
positions necessary to set up
the new services, which in turn
are necessary to develop such
economies. However, many ben
efits in improved operations are
probable in the next years, and
it is expected that these will
result in a reduction of ex-
penditures as compared with
those that would otherwise be
necessary. Any termination Of
such reductions in advance of
actual experience under this
plan is not practicable.
The Commissioners recognize
and appreciate the outstanding
help and advice they have re-
ceived from the many individ-
ualS and groups which have as
sisted in the formulation Of this
plan and made it possible.
Chief among these are the
large number Of District Offices
and employees who have worked
so hard on the plan: the numer-
Gus citizen. civic, business and
other groups which have sup
ported it so staunchly; the
many citizens who have ad-
vised us on difficult and con-
troversial issues; and the Off
cials of the Executive Offices
and other Federal Offices who
have helped develop the plan in
its final form, including the
White House staff Civil Service
Commission. the Bureau of the
Budget and the Department Of
Justice.
The Board of Commissioners
deeply appreciates the Presi-
dents action and at the same
time humbly recognizes its pro-
found obligation to the people
of the District Of Columbia to
Evening star., 1952-05-02
Job to Be Completed
By June 80, 1853

After investigation I have
found and hereby declare that
each reorganization included in
Reorganization Plan No. S of
1852 is necessary to accomplish
one or more of the purposes set
forth in section 2(a) of the Re-
organization Act of 1949.
I have found and hereby de-
clare that it is necessary to in
clude in the accompanying re-
organization plan, by reason of
reorganizationS made thereby.
provisions for the appointment
and compensation of officers
specified therein. The rates of
compensation fixed for these
officers are not in excess Of those
which I have found to prevail
in respect of comparable officers
in the executive branch of the
Federal Government.
The plan abolishes the Office
of Peoples Counsel and its