davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30

! convention the COP has APPROX
ed resolutions In favor Of FEPC
! largely pushed by the younger
Republicans and the Youngdahl
forces including the present state
party chairman. = Kenneth Peter
son.
One trader of the party told
this reporter Monday that another
STATE conS ention follows the state
primaries. At that time he was
confident that the state COP
would again endorse strong
FEPC plank.
This Of course will not influence
the position of the Minnesota dele
gates as the July national con-
venuon where in previous years
the Minnesota COP has led the
fight for a strong civil rights
plank
As II stands, the state COP has
not given It's approval to F'EPC
legislation by which its members
on the national convention party
platform committee can be guided.
At the noon recess Saturday,
this reporter asked Mrs. Mary
Kyle, sole Negro delegate who
halls from the 18th ward whether
any effort was going TO be made
TO get the resolutions committee
10 make "A favorable report on
FEPC at the first convention re-
cess. Mrs. Kyle said that she did
not know Of any effort for the
measure in the resolution group,
but that in previous years the
Young Republicans had carried
the ball on FEPC at party con-
ventiOns bcfOr the committee.
The convention was the first
political party state convention
we had covered in II years. II
moved along fast. So fast in fact
that we didn't realize that the
convention only elected one alter
nate delegate at large.
Our ignorance caused us TO
make an error in an editorial in
this edition, which we prepared
Immediately following the con-
vention-which suggested that
Mintener forces should have run
him for the fourth delegate at
large post, post which does not
even exist. This was an error.
Next week wen report on the
Democratic Farmer Labor con-
vention which convenes in st. Paul
this weekend.
Politics and political candidates
are the subject of almost every
conversation at present II is
therefore our job to get as close
a picture Of what's going on in
Minnesota in both camps as is
possible.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
PILGRIM BAPTIST CHURCH

In the absence of our pastor
who is attending the American
Baptist Convention, in Chicago.
Rev. J T. Morrow, executive sec
rotary Of the St. Paul Council Of
Churches preached. Rev. MOrroWs'
topic was, The Kingdom Of God. "
He brought out that the Lord is
found in the hearts of men. The
Lords Prayer is the creed TO
Christ. We must live our religion,
he said. in the market place and
not alone on our knees. We must
remember that Jesus now reign.
He must be acknowledged as
King of Kings. We are all in the
hands of the Lord.
Little Judy Jones joined the
church.
The Children's story was given
by Miss Gloria Williams, entitled
Protecting Others From Harm. -
At 5 p. m. The L. w. Harris
Gospel Chorus annual Literary
Tea. Attorney Lean o. Smith of
Minneapolis talked on Child
Delinquency"
Visitors were Mr.. WOfford
Johnson, Mrs. Mary Butler, Mr.,
Larry B. Bolton. Mrs. Bessie Cox,
Mrs. Doris johnson and Mrs. f.
J. Langston, all of st. Paul.
Next Sunday, at II a. m. Rev.
Masseys topic is. is it Really
Waste ?" Ordinance of baptism
and communion at s .. m. the an
nual Gospel chorus musical in
memory of DR.. l.. w. Harris, and
directed by Mrs. Arlie Harris HOl-
lowell. Cecil f. Newman, publisher
of the st. Paul Recorder will be
guest speaker.
We open our doors to you and
yours, at the Church of Lofty
Friendship Helen Smith repOr-
ter.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
PILGRIM REST CHURCH NEWS

Sunday May 25 Rev. Joseph
Jackson spoke from the subject.
The Two Great Kings" Solomon
and Jesus. The text. First Kings.
3rd chapter and 18th verse, Isaiah
32nd chapter and LIST verse.
Rev. Jackson said solomon was
famous for his riches and wisdom
as a young man. His consuming
passion was to have an under
standing heart. Solomon used his
vast power ministering to his own
pleasure which contains his phil
osophy of life.
In contrast Jesus used his vast
power not to minister to his own
pleasure, but to help the suffer-
ing not for the vanity of life, but
for the JOY even under the shadow
of the cross.
The Building Fund Rally will
take place on June /, 1852. The
guest speaker will be Mr.. J. NJ.
Wylie, the president of the
Wylie Piano Co.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
BeTyllium Study

Detection Of as little as a billionth
Of an ounce OF the beryllium in the
body has been made possible by
means Of a new chemical technique.
Prior 20 l949. beryllium was used
In the manufacture of fiuorescent
tubes. and II Is for this reason that
warnings were issued against
breaking old tubes in disposIng Of
them. New compounds. which are
not toxic. are now used. In an at
tempt TO understand the nature Of
the action Of beryllium, numerous
studies are being conducted on ami.
mails, II was pointed out in n re-
port by DR.. T. Y. Toribara and DR..
p. s. Chen, Jr.. Of the University
Of Rochester, who said: "DiStribu-
ton and excretion studies using
radioactive beryllium have shown
where the element Is deposited and
It's rate OF elimination. These
quantities OF beryllium are very
small, and accurate analyses are
very important"
Long He'll
A Pennsylvania 1itunliI Gus coal
mine has a subterranean belt con.
veyor syste m three.and-onc-ha lt
miles in length.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30

Mrs. William n. Walker

Mrs. William II. Walker, 1915
Fourth Ave. So, died Monday
morning May 26th at four o'clock
Funeral services were held from
the Church OF God In Christ, 10th
and Fourth Ave. So, on Thurs
day, May 90 at 2 p. m. with her
pastor. Rev NJ. l.. Simmons of
St. Peters AME church official
ing. Burial will be in Crystal Lake
cemetery.
Mrs. Walker was born in Coun~
Gil Bluffs. Kansas. She had re-
sided in Minneapolis forty-eight
years. Survivors are her husband,
w. H. Walker, her sister, Mrs
Lulu Davis of EmpOria, Kansas, a
brother Ed Harness of Junction
City. Kansas and a host of other
relatives and friends. Mrs. Wal
ker was a member Of st. Peters
AME church and the Helpers
Club of the church. She was past
matron of the Pride of the West
Chapter, Prince Hall Affiliation.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
Manhattan Jams 1000 Pounds
OF Steel Per Block SkyWard

Over Is million tons of iron and
steel in buildings, transportation
facilities and utilities are ir use in
Manhattan. This enormous accumu-
lation OF metal through three CEN
turtles since erection Of the first
white mans habitation on the IS
land. Is equal to nearly 1000 tons
per acre.
As an average, this would mean
that a small city block. a little over
900 feet on each side. holds as much
iron and steel in It's skyscraper and
buried in the ground. as are con-
tanned in over 1000 automobiles.
The % million tons or more in
clude water pipe. bridge cables.
nails, railroad rails, and many
other iron and steel products, but
by far the greatest is steel Struc-
tural beams. The total includes cars
on the subway and automobiles
registered In Manhattan. However.
IL does not include a vast amount
OF steel in furniture and in COM
mercial and industrial equipment.
This total Of iron and steel now in
use in New York'S crowded island
equals an accumulation OF an av-
erage Of $1,000 tons a year for 81
centuries. OF course. It was many
generations after the purchase Of
Manhattan. until annual installation
OF iron and steel came anywhere
near this average.
In l848 the first building with an
iron frame was erected, opening the
way 10 subsequent rapid increase in
the use Of steel with the advent Of
steel beams in buildings and the
elevated rapid transit. At the turn
Of the century, rapid transit and
the railroads began TO burrow I'M
der the streets and rivers. BY the
middle 'thirtieS the subwayS and
elevated lines. including cars. con-
tanned about 675 900 tons Of steel
Today this total may be slightly
less, owing 10 removal 4 some ele-
waited lines while little new construc-
ton has been added 10 Manhattan
subways in the past IS years.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
BETHESDA CHURCH NEWS

DR. rESbA NE1N M" @NI"o
Sunday, May Is, we heard an
inspirational message, delivered by
our pastor, taken from the 9Th
chapter Of Cor. 18th verse. Theme,
Should We Cremate The Body"
Senior Gospel Choir and Must
cetts rendered the music.
United with the church as
candidate for baptism was Charles
Johnson Of this city. Mr.. Johnson
will be baptised next Sunday
morning.
In the evening the SMT, Sisters
Of the Mysterious Ten, Queen
Esther Temple Of Minneapolis and
Corinthian Temple of St. Paul,
held their Annual Memorial Ser
vices. We were greatly inspired,
all who were there received
great blessing, listening TO the
soul stirring, heartfelt music
coming from our Senior Gospel
Choir under the leadership of Mrs.
bessie Gresham. For the SMT's
service our pastor. Rev. L. c. Har-
ris brought us a great message
taken from the book of Esther,
Theme, Loyalty and UnlOyalty,
Obedience and DisObedience."
Sunday, June LIST, Bethesda will
observe the Church's 61st Ami
vcrsary. A special invitation is
extended to all the honorary
members. Members who once did
belong to this church, also to all
our members who have their name
on church records.
Come out and worship with US if
you can and also help us to Cele-
brate.
Tuesday, June 3rd, the church
will hold its regular business
meeting at s p. m.
All Auxiharies are urged to
have their reports ready at this
time Sarah Benson, reporter
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
John Henderson

Local people were shocked Fri
day, May % to learn of the sud
den death of Mr.. John Henderson,
California attorney. He died
Thursday. May % in Oakland,
Calf. He was the husband of the
former Annasalena Foster Of St
Paul Mrs. Henderson's mother,
Mrs. Samuel Foster has made her
home in Oakland with her daugh-
ter since her husband died several
years ago. Mr.. Herbert Foster Sr.,
964 Iglehart Ave, brother of Mrs.
Henderson and his wife and two
daughters left Friday for Oakland
to be with his sister and mother
until after the funeral. Mrs. Hen
derson's address is 92O 33rd St,
Oakland, Calf.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
ST. Paul Urban
League Honors
1852 Graduates

The Vocational Committee of
the St Paul Urban League will
hold it's Annual Dinner honOring
1852 graduates of st. Paul High
schools on June at the st. Paul
YWCA at p. m.
This dinner is given for the
purpose of showing community
appreciation for the achievements
Of those students who are com
plotting their high school educa-
ton. The speaker for this pro-
gram will be Charles Sheldon,
director of vocation research, Min
nesota Mining and Mfg. Company.
Mr.. Sheldon's speech Is entitled,
The Making of Successful EN-
ployees."
Members of the st. Paul Urban
Leagues Vocational Committee
are: Walter Rock, chairman; Mrs.
LeOna Winner Mrs. Alice S. On
que, Charles Rogers, Max Karl,
Frank Smith and r. r. Mitchell.
Reverend Francis j. Gilligan is
president of the 81. Paul Urban
League.
Graduating seniors according to
schools are as follows:
From st. Thomas Academy:
Paul Katema Abebe and Robert
Jiles.
From johnson High School:
Norma Jean johnson and Fred
Young
From Central High School: Ro-
bert Jones. John Lee, Salley
Moody Porter Moore, Maggie
Reid, Rubye Reid and Agnes
Vaughn.
From Mechanics Arts High
School: Harry Ballard, Mary Cox,
Claude Duke, Adora Fields.
Flossie Goodwin, Selma Ransom,
Loretta Riley, Sam Robinson and
Ardian Isabelle.
From Marshall High School:
Diane Barnes, La Doris Foster
Tillie Haskins. Arthur Hill, DON
aid James, Joan johnson, Bobbie
Petty Shirley Speese, Hunter
Vassar, Barbara Wheeler and
Marion Williams.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
Stafe COP 0mits FEPc

continued from Page u
Thode and Etzcu which h. said he
had been told had been made at
the meeting, which was held in "a
room at the st. Paul Athletic club.
Dunn made a plea for party
harmony and told the delegates
he had supported Governor An
derson in every campaign ne had
made for public office Dunn ap-
parcnty made a very favorable
impression on the delegates 30 the
convention who gave him a
heavy round Of applausn when he
completed his talk.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
Friends To Purchase
Memorial For Gruy

Fred Luther Gray was baptised
and confirmed at st. Thomas
Episcopal church on Sunday, Feb
ruary 10, 1852. He died the fol-
lowing month. His friends plan to
purchase a gift for the church in
memory of Mr.. Gray.
Mr.. and Mrs. James w. Stem
mons, BR. 1898 and Rev. Louis
Johnson, 10 3345 have announced
that they will receive donations
for the purchase of silver ever,
font cover and baptismal
basin in Mr.. Gray's memory.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
GIVEN $500 PURSE
FOR RESCIING WOMAN

Earnest Barger, 1l5 No. Oak.
Ave. the hero who saved three
ladies from burning automobile
recently was presented with $500
cash in ceremonies at Sioux City.
Iowa. Sunday afternoon Mines
Eta Monkey and Joella WOodson
accompanied Mr.. and Mrs. Bar
ger and his sister, Mrs. L. B. VIII
liams Of Mitchell, So. Oak.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30

Mrs. H. Bentley, supt. Of Sunday
school
Mr. and Mrs. Cassie Shelley,
9I5 No. Main Ave, motored Sun
day afternoon to Lennon, So. Oak.
10 share in the worship at the
FIRST Calvary Baptist church
where six colored singers are the
guest singers. Mrs. Oscar Bridge
water accompanied the couple
The BahaI Assembly here gave
a dinner at the Esquire Cafe Sat
urday night. After the dinner
slides were shown Of the Holy
Land including the beautiful
gardens. Among those present
were Mines. Eta Moxley, Oscar
Bridgewater and Mr.. James E.
MOxley.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
Twin City
. Church NelUs

count of themselves last Friday
night at the Open Door Congre-
gational church. They made the
few of US who attended very
proud of them and of the church.
Mrs. Dorothy Sims, the organist,
Mrs. Jessie Shannon, the presi-
dent, and the members are due a
vote of thanks.-W reatha C. Max
well. reporter.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
REGULAR FliKhLs

Every other day for more than
two years, . specially fitted B-3o
Of the US. Air Weather Service has
taken off from Alaska for the North
Pole. Wheeling over the point which
The worlds explorers struggled for
ssnturies TO reach on foot, the plane
makes the l7-hour flight today mere
" as . matter Of routine.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30

He was trying to be a good
father, so he told his young daugh-
ter to be home by nine o'clock.
But Dad" she protested, don't
you remember when you were
young"
You bet your life | do" he
declared, That's why l say be
home by nine"
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30

Il will not try to have my draft
classification changed"
That was the declaration of q
citizen of North Dakota when he
received notice that he had been
Classed la. What makes his
classification unusual? He was
born in slavery.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
Name From Rhyme

One Of England's great country
homes, The Moffst House, Hereford.
shire, derives its name from Miss
Mutfett Of the nursery rhyme
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1952-05-30
Stiff Blow

However when national commit
teewoman Elizabeth Hefnchngcr
arose she took a shot at Dunn's
implied suggestion that Ander-
son and his conferees had made a
recording OF a confidential CON
ference. She said that there was
no recording and that Mr. Dunn
could give his 500 to the Red
Cross. This was a stiff blow at
Dunn and the convention which
had just appeared 10 be in the
palm Of his faCile hand was again
on the side Of Etzell-Andcrson
forces.
Opposing Mrs. Heffelfnger for
reelection to the national com
mittee was an early Eisenhower
supporter. Miss Louise Miller Of
South st. Paul who admitted she
had talked TO Mr.. Dunn before an
nouncing her candidacy.
Saturday night Mrs. Heffel-
finger won the election handily
over Miss Miller by the state cen
trail committee by a vote Of 1872 TO
~. following Dunns defeat
The convention elected as al
ternate delegates a whole slate Of
persons pledged to Eisenhower.
Delegates at large elected in
cluded Gov. Anderson (by &C
clamation) p. Kenneth Peterson,
state party chairman who presid-
ed over a portion of the conven-
ton and the state central commit
tee meeting with poised ability
Mrs. C. f. Howard Of Excelsior.
state party chairwoman, Mrs.
Margaret Andrews, party secre-
tary was elected alternate at
large, defeating Sarah Lou
Mather, another early Eisenhower
supporter An attempt to have
Mintener accept nomination for
the alternate delegate post was
halted when Mintener mounted
the stage and declined urging the
election Of Miss Mather.
Five Negro Delegates
Only lone full Negro delegate TO
the convention was Mary Kyle,
1887 Fourth Ave. So. Minneapo-
lis. Four other women were al
ternate delegates. They were Mrs.
Emma Watts, of Duluth, Mimi,
Mrs. Annie Black OF st. Paul and
Mrs. Rosalind Glanton and Miss
Allie b. Glenn Of Minneapolis.
Mrs. Black in commenting on
the absence of Negro party MEM
bers at the convention said,
Most of the Negroes are now
voting the Democratic ticket"
Mrs. Watts, Duluthian, a veteran
member Of the COP deplored the
lack Of interest OF Negro voters
in precinct, ward and district
politics.
Failure OF the convention TO
take a position on FEPC was II
reversal Of previous conventions.
In the YOmgdahI dominated con-
Ventions strong resolutions for
FEPC were approved.
In 1913 Elizabeth Heffelfinger,
a member Of the convention plat
form committee carried from
Minnesota an FEPC plank which
was adopted by the convention.
almost in its entirety, putting the
COP fatty behind such legisla-
ton.
This was the platform which
Senator Robert Taft, a platform
committee member later repudlat-
ted losing thousands Of Negro and
minority supporters in his own
state Of Ohio I'm the 1850 cleo
lions because Of his turn-abOut.
In Minnesota until Saturdays
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1952-03-14
Another anthrax
Case Reported
In Fayette-co.

The Fayette County Health
Department today reported ano-
ther case Of hog anthrax IN Madi-
son Township.
1t was the third positive idcn-
tification of hog anthrax in that
county.
A total of six hogs have died
in the. county since outbreak of
the disease Feb. 27
DR.. w. f. Beavers, of the u. S.
Bureau of Animal Industry, Mt
Sterling reported the second. out
break of the disease March A
The department also reported
another suspect case in the
county, however positive identifi-
cation of anthrax in that case has
not been establithed.
In Columbus today, DR.. Charles
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1952-03-14

r. Freeble, Chief of the Division
Ct Communicable diseases, State
Health Department, announced a
meeting to be held in Dayton at
1o A. M.
Dr. Freeble said DR., T. A.
Gardner, of the departments
southwest health district, has cal
led a meeting with southwestern
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1952-03-14

district milk producers.
DR.. Freeble said milk producers
will be informed of the anthrax
problem in relation to milk deli
veries and production
He said SO far the disease has
been confined to hogs, and that
milk producers need have no fear
of milk contamination.
Evening star., 1952-11-24
WAC Critically Hurt
In Fairfax Collision

A WAC and a soldier from Fort
Myer were injured when they were
thrown from their car after it
rolled off Columbia pike near
Baileys Crossroads last night.
In critical condition at Fort Bel
voir Hospital is Pvt. Pauline E,
|Delesky, %, of Springfield. Long
Island. N. " She suffered a frac-
Ftured skull and was still uncon-
IScious this morning.
The driver of the car, Pfc. Leo
r. Jensen. 25, injured his back
and is in undetermined condition
at the same hospital. He is from
st. Ignatius, Mont, police said.
Fairfax County Policeman Hill
AIRY Jenkins said the couple left
Ia wedding reception in Washing
ton and were driving toward An
nandale on Columbia pike. Pfc.
Jensen said he lost control of the
car. hit a bank and rolled about
100 feet.
Police said the soldier was
thrown about 20 feet from the
rolling car and the WAC was also
thrown clear of the vehicle.
Evening star., 1952-11-24
Two Killed in 3-Car
Crash in Virginia

Two men were killed instantly
in a three-car collision last night
on Route 301 in Virginia near the
Potomac River Bridge at Morgan
town, Md.
Police identified the dead as
Robert Parkey Hussey, Is, a sailor
from the destroyer Green, and
James Edward Russell, %, col
ored, of Baltimore.
Virginia State Police said the
accident occurred at 11:40 pm
about a quarter of mile south
OF the bridge. They were unable
to give details of the crash.
Mr.. Russell was driver of one
of the cars, the report said.
Mr.. Hussey was a passenger in
another auto, operated by Robert
j. Bievenour. of York, Pa, ac-
cording to police.
Operator of the third car was
identified as Nevin Oswald Schra-
der, of PhoebuS, Va.
Trooper w. A. Estes of King
George investigated.
Evening star., 1952-11-24
AIqer Hiss Parole Plea
Rejected Unanimously
By Federal Board
Justice Department Says
1t Has No Comment on
Perjury Case Action

Alger Hiss, former State De-
partment official convicted oi
lying about giving Government
secrets to Whitaker Chambers
when he was a Communist cou-
rier, today was turned down for a
parole.
The Justice Department said DR.
George G. Killinger, chairman o1
the United States Parole Board
merely said the decision to reject
Hiss application for parole hao
been unanimous.
The department said it would
have no further comment.
Hiss is serving a five-year SEN
tence at the Lewisburg CPaD
Federal Penitentiary. He was
convicted of perjury in 1850 and
began serving his term in March,
1851. He became eligible for pa
role last Friday when he COM
pleted one-third of his sentence.
The Parole Board is made up of
five members. It acted on the
basis of report submitted by DR..
Killinger. He conducted a hearing
at LeWisburg Penitentiary 10 days
ago.
Last week, Parole Board men,
bers disclosed they had received
more than $4,000 letters and tele-
grams expressing pro and con-
views on whether Hiss should be
paroled.
Hiss, now 48, persistently has
denied guilt in the crime charged
to him. He contends that he will
be vindicated eventually.
He was convicted after two
sensational trials on the basis of
testimony that he gave Govern
ment secrets to Chambers. ad-
mitted one-time courier for a
Communist spy ring.
Hiss has been working as a
storekeeper at the penitentiary.
He was something of an issue in
the past presidential campaign
with both sides asserting he was
supported by the other in the
past.
Evening star., 1952-11-24
Conservative, IS,
is Too Old to Run.
Party Informs Him
BY the Associated Press

CIRENCESTER, England, Nov.
24.-The Conservative Party says
Robert Grant-Ferris is too ola
to be one of its candidates for
Parliament in the next general
election. He is As.
The wartime Royal Air Force
wing commander, who was a
member from another district
from 1887 to 1945, received the
information yesterday in reply to
his offer to run for office.
The Conservative Party in the
Stroud and Thornbury district
wrote him it could not recommend
anyone over 40. The incumbent
Tory is 40 but does not plan to
seek Office again.
An extraordinary decision. ("
was all Mr.. Grant-Ferris could
say.
Evening star., 1952-11-24
Comics From u. S.
Corrupting Europe,
Moscow Declares
BY the Associated Press

LONDON, Nov. "a. Moscow
Radio accused the United States
today of using a dangerous
weapon in Western Europe
American comics.
Charging the Americans with
atrocities in Korea through ma
palm bombs and archaeological
weapons, the Soviet mouthpiece
went on to denounce the comics as
"yet another crime against man.
kind"
Moscow said the Americans
were flooding Western Europe
with theological and moral poison
in an attempt to corrupt the
younger generation in France
Britain and other countries tc
prepare them as cannon fodder. ,