davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-11-08
Southern Division

*Teams benefiting from forfeit
ed games because Jackson used in
-ligible players.
If you are afraid to admit your
mistake more likely than not you
are making another.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-11-08
Tuskegee
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
tunity for change, and the influ-
ences Of technology, mass culture,
personal contact and communica-
tions media.
The conceptions people have Of
clinirs and medical services al
ready available to them, as well as
individuals conceptions of the
skills and attitudes Of doctors,
nurses, midwives and other mem
bers of the health profession, will
also be studied. This information
will be related to prevailing health
practices and socio-economic data.
primary emphasis will be on
gain up to the Taylor "a.
On two tries, Johnson worked
the ball down to- the II. Dundee,
doubtless one of the speediest ball
carriers at State in many years,
scooted around his own right end
to score.
Concentine's kick was good and
State was off to a 21-O lead, as
the first half ended.
Although State placed team
composed of second and third
stringers on the field to start the
second half, the Thorobreds went
on to score three more touch
downs.
Taylor Runs 50 Yards
Near the close of the third per-
iod, K. S. C. scored it's fourth mar
ker when Jimmy Taylor ran 80
yards on quarterback sneak play.
Donald Faulkner converted to make
the count read 27-0.
A few seconds later, Ted Wilson
intercepted one of Harvey "Chico'"
Hernandez many passes and ran
81 yards to rack up K. S. C.'s fifth
marker. Late in the game, Royal
Starks caught Taylor's long pass
on the invaders II and went all
the way.
Hernandez, Dave Wheeler, Joe
Hawkins, and Don Callan, Taylor
backs, played spirited ball for the
Indiana club, which obviously was
outclassed by the Frankfort team.
Score by periods:
KY. State Z Ia II $50
Taylor % 0 0 o. 0
State scoring: Touchdowns
Glover, Johnson, Dungee, J. Tay-
Tor 2, Wilson. Conversions . Con-
centine 3.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
By RICHARD N. BAISDEN
In three parts, part y

No attempt to record the event OF
the Ninth Annual Farmer-Labor In
stitute held on November 20 to % on
the campus of Montana State Uni
versity would be complete were ii
not to report the predominant atmos'
phere that seemed to pervade the en-
tire proceedings. Every speaker and
every participant expressed a feeling
of serious doubt and concern about
what is likely to take place in the
next few years.
This stemmed from the fact that
the Institute could not do other than
reflect the political and economic en-
vironment within which it was held.
All participants seemed to recognize
that the year of 1858 is certain to
be a year of important transitions;
and is likely to be one of the most i'm
portant years of the century.
On the national level, 1853 is to
mark transition from twenty years
of being governed by national adj
ministration that has understood the
problems of the small farmer and
the working man to what must be
recognized as an unknown quantity
The new Republican Administration
was elected on November 4th with
out having spelled out its position
on the important issues of the day.
Those in attendance at the Institute
tended to distrust the new administra-
tons position on liberal programs,
however, because of the truce during
the campaign between the then Re-
publican candidate and the elements
of the party which have continually
opposed. everything liberal. This in
itial distrust was increased during
the period of Institute because the
newly announced appointments to
major cabinet posts of men who will
provide easy access to inner admins |
tration elements of our society.
There was concern about the flu
ture projects in the State of Mon
tana because of the election of can
didates who are likely to hold repre-
sentatives of the workers and farmers
at arms length, if not in some cases
likely to be openly hostile
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
Farmers To Lay
Cornerstone For
Fertilizer Plant

KANSAS CITY-(CNS)-Farmers
from a nine-state area assembled at
Lawrence, Kans., on the morning of
December. to lay the cornerstone
of a SIS million nitrogen fertilizer
plant they are building for them
selves.
A project of Consumers Co-opera-
tive Association, the plant will be
completed in 1854. Its products will
be distributed through local co-ops
that are members of GOA, regional
coop with headquarters here. The
cornerstone program will be an in
terlude of CCA's annual membership
meeting.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05

The growing Importance of the
Montana Farmer-Labor Institute as
a forum for farmers and workers
to discuss PROBLEMS facing both
groups, each year is becoming more
widely recognized.
The following summary of this
years institute by Prof. Richard N.
Baisden of the Industrial Relations
division of University of California,
Los Angeles, will provide the read
er with somewhat of comprehensive
picture of the scope of this annual
get-together of Montana farmers and
workers. .
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05

IL is ABOUT Time CnaC Cne DdSlc
of workmen's compensation
be restated.
A. 1t should assure prompt and
adequate compensation to the
injured workman and his fam
lily. In Montana many types of
employment are excluded from
any coverage and the payments
are ridiculously low.
B. 1t should assure adequate medi-
cal care and should restore the
injured person to good health
and unemployment. The Mon
tana law does not cover occu-
pational diseases at all. Medi-
cal benefits for injuries are
limited in time to nine months
and in money to $1,000.
C. 1t should eliminate needless liti-
cation and give rapid and mex
pensive justice. In Montana, a
lawyer is often employed by
the injured worker because
companies which are self-in
sured or are insured by private
carriers are always represented
by skilled attorneys.
D. 1t should relieve public and pri-
vate charities of the burden of
caring for occupational victims.
In Montana silicosis cases are
required to be turned over to
the Department of Welfare, and |
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
II. WORKMEN's COMPENSATION

Among the most helpless of the
victims of our productive system is
the injured worker. Early recognition
of this fact made workmen's compen-
sation laws the first social welfare
legislation ever enacted. Today, un-
fortunately, workmen's compensation
has lost this primary spot and has
become more and more neglected. AS
a result, these laws have been al
lowed to stray far from their original
purposes. The State of Montana has
one of the worst of these laws.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
ONTARIO LAW A GOAL

The Workmen's Compensation law
for Ontario, Canada, is model to-
ward which Montana should strive.
Among the specific improvements in
Dictated are:
A. Coverage for all injuries and
diseases arising out of employ
ment.
B. Adequate payments to make up
for the loss of wages which will
keep pace with the cost of liv-
ing.
C. Unlimited medical care until the
victim is rehabilitated.
D. Provide for impartial medical
diagnosis by full-time medical
board of physicians in order to
remove from litigation the ques-
ton of the extent of injury
and the nature of the disease.
E. Remove lawyers from the hear
ings.
F. Provide free choice of physi-
clans for the worker instead of
one chosen by the employer or
the insurance company.
e. Eliminate commercial insurance
companies in favor of an exclu-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
UNDER SHADOW OF WORLD
UNCERTAINTY

Finally, the international situation,
although not on the program as one
Of the subjects Of an Institute SEES
sion, remained ever in the back
ground as a kind of ominous threat.
Everyone acknowledged that, regard
less of the attitudes Of state and fed
eral administrations on such matters
as taxation, social welfare programs.
price and wage controls, prosperity,
full-employment, parity, and develop
ment Of natural resources, the fate Of
these programs would be determined
to a large extent by whether 1853
was to become year Of transition
from the so-called Korean Police Ac-
ton to a cessation of hostilities on
the one hand or to a full-scale war
on the other.
In spite Of all of the above con-
siderations, it was noteworthy that
no one expressed a feeling of dis
pair; serious concern, yes; but not
defeat. This was best exemplified by
Judge Bottomly when, despite the an
nounced decision of the President
Elect to turn over what have been
enormously referred to as the tide
lands to the states for exploitation bv
the private oil companies, he was still
able to say that we are not licked:
many game has been won in the last
few seconds.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05

sive state fund. A recent study
has shown that while 70 cents
of every dollar paid out by state
funds goes for benefits to work
ers, only AZ cents is similarly
spent by insurance companies.
Liberal groups in Montana should
not be disheartened by the defeat of
the workmen's compensation initia-
tive last summer The same argu-
ments that were used against it in
the campaign have been used in every
state. Nevertheless, improvements
have been made in many other states
and can also be obtained in Montana
if the truth can be communicated to
the voters and their representatives
Continued Next Week.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05

fdone for the past twenty years and
simply criticize everything the new
administration does. Instead they
must counter all conservative moves
with constructive programs. At the
same time, liberal organizations must
devise methods of educating first
their own membership and then the
public generally.
We must all have a clear under
standing of the elements of liberal
program. At this Institute they have
been explained in detail by our speak
ers and thoroughly discussed by all
Institute participants. 1t may be help
full to have them tied together in a
short summary. Here is your program
as it was hammered out in the two
and one-half days of the Institute to-
gether with the threats to that pro-
gram.
/. PROSPERITY
A prosperous economy demands
that every element thereof receives
fair share of the national income.
Labor can no more prosper at the ex-
pense of the farmer than can the
farmer at the expense of labor, be-
cause each must buy the products of
the other. Governmental policy must
be developed with the objective of
balance among economic |
groups. This goal should be furthered !
through the dynamic application of
the parity concept to the farmer and |
the collective bargaining instrument
for the worker. Collective bargaining
of a dynamic type does not permit
tying wages arbitrarily to any cost
of living index.
Additional protection should be
provided for all those who are I'M
able for one reason or another to
benefit from either parity or col
ective bargaining. There should be
protection through
adequate minimum wage and maxi
mum hour laws, unemployment in
old age benefits, and work
mems compensation.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
UCLA Professor Summarizes Discussions of
9th Annual Farmer Labor Institute at Missoula

victims of other diseases and
accidents often end up on char
ity roles because of the made
quacy of benefits and medical
services.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
GOING TO TAKE A FIGHT

One thing is obvious. A liberal pro-
gram is certain to have tough sled
ding in the next few years. We are
not going to get anything for moth
ing; it's going to take fight.
Liberals now have greater respon-
sibility than ever. They should not
sit back as the conservatives have
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05

FARMERS UNION OIL COMPANY
Sidney, Montana
FARMERS UNION OIL COMPANY
LewistOwn, Montana
EQUITY COOPERATIVE ASSN
of Brady, Montana
FARMERS UNION OIL q SUPER
SERVICE STATION of Glasgow
FARMERS UNION ELEVATOR co.
of Belt, Montana
FARMERS UNION ELEVATOR co.
of Chinook, Montana
FAIhIERS UNION GRAIN co.
of Peerless, Montana
FARMERS UNION OIL COMPANY
of Wolf Point, Montana
FARMERS UNION ELEVATOR CO.
of Rudyard, Montana
SIDNEY CO-eP MARKET, Sidney
GrOceries-Meats-L
FARMERS UNION ELEVATOR co.
Wolf Point, Montana
of GIendive, Montana
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05

EQUITY COOPERATIVE ASSN
of Geraldine, Montana
Flu. OIL & SUPPLY COMPANY
of HinsdaIe, Montana
of Nashua, Montana
FARMERS UNION SUPER SERVICE
of Chinook, Montana
FARMERS UNION EXCHANGE
KaifspeiI, Montana
FARMERS UsIIoN OIL COMPANY
of PIentywOOd, Montana
FARMERS UNION COOP OIL CO.
of Rfchey, Montana
FARMERS UNION ELEVATOR co.
of Joplin, Montana
of Butte, Montana
FARMERS UNION OIL COMPANY
of Circle, Montana
FARMERS UNION OIL COMPANY
of Townsend, Montana
FARMERS UNION TRADING co.
of Richey, Montana
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-12-05
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
COMPENSATION

1t is about time that the basic
principles of workmen's compensation
be restated.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

Any crop will pay for the cost of
sprinkler irrigation if the yields can
be increased enough over dryland
production to pay the annual cost of
irrigation. In round figures this
means about 81 to $12 per acres for
grain crops, depending on the ORR
ginal cost of the sprinkler and cost
of operating the system. For hay,
pasture or row crops, irrigated to
8 times, typical range would be
SIS to $40 annually, not including
any charge for water.
In converting dry land to irriga-
ton by sprinkler, there is little
question about pasture, hay and row
crops paying the irrigation bill. This
is true also of farms which have
these crops and small grain in the
rotation. On a straight grain or
wheat farm it is questionable prac-
tice because there will be years
when the system is not needed or
used. There will be other years when
the boost in yield will not pay the
annual cost of operating the sys-
tenn. This means that the system
may have to pay for several years
operation in one year.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15
How Much Does It Cost
To Sprinkler Irrigate?
By H. Z. DUSENBERRY

MONTANA FARMERS were irri-
eating 1880 acres of land in 1949
by sprinkler systems, according to
the 1850 census. Two years have
passed since these figures were re-
ported. The acreage has probably
doubled. In FIathead county alone,
the number of sprinkler irrigated
acres is now about six times that
of 1949. While other counties may
have gained acreage that fast, it is
safe to say that we have at least
10000 acres of sprinkler irrigated
land in the state and maybe as
much as $4,000.
With this increase. in acreage.
many farmers are no doubt wonder
ing about this method of irrigation.
How much does it cost? Will it pay?
Does the sprinkler save labor? These
are some of the questions being
asked regularly.
AS far as costs are concerned /
have gone over a lot of figures in
studies and surveys and find annual
cost per irrigated acre as low as
$4.64 for applying one irrigation to
grain in Montana, and UP to as
high as 1922 per acre per year for
irrigating avocados 16 times during
one season in California.
Investment Cost
a large percentage of the annual
cost is due to the original invest
ment. A Montana study shows in
vestments per irrigated acre range
from $7.93 for a 325 acre system up
to $251.67 for a Is acre layout.
Usually, the systems for small acre
ages cost more per acre. The average
investment per acre in 1949 for So
systems in Montana was $47.26.
An Idaho study shows an average
investment per acre on 81 farms,
each irrigating under IS acres, was
$136.78; for 20 farms irrigating from
IS to so acres, $94.62; and for 20
farms each irrigating more than SO
acres, the average cost was $74.44..
The investment cost on every
farm will be different since each
one must have system tailor-made
for it. The height the water has to
be lifted is different, the length and
size of the main line and lateral pipe
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

sary to fit the pump and power unit
to the system.
When a farmer wants to use his
farm tractor for power, the system
has to be designed to fit the tractor.
In this case, the tractor will operate
certain size pump at a certain
head which will result in being able
to operate so much sprinkler line
and cover so much ground. If it ir-
rigates the amount of ground you
want covered, it will be an accident.
It is better to start with the land
you want to irrigate and find out
how fast the soil will take the water
and how frequently it must be irri-
gated. Have the dealer design the
system to fit your needs. It is not
good business to tie the farm tractor
up for the season on a sprinkler
unless it will not be needed for
other jobs. When the tractor is used
it cuts down the investment cost.
Figuring Annual Cost
In figuring the annual cost Of ir-
rigation per acre, you can estimate
it in rough way by taking 10 per
cent of the original cost Of invest
ment and adding to it So for each
irrigation. For example, if the sys-
tenn is designed to cover 80 acres
and costs $4,000, the average cost
per acre would be $50. Ten percent
of $50 is SIS. This represents per-
cent for interest and / percent for
taxes and insurance on the average
investment ($25 per acre) plus an
allowance for depreciation and
maintenance based on IS year aver
age life for the system.
The S. annual cost per acre rep
resents overhead which goes on
whether you use the system one or
five or more times per season. If
you raise grain and irrigate only
once, your cost would be SIS plus So,
or 81 annually per acre. If you raise
hay and irrigate three times, the
cost would be SIS plus ($2 x 81 or $11
per acre per year. For sugar beets
or pasture irrigated six times, the
cost would be SIS plus ($2 x 81 or
SIT per acre per year. The So per
irrigation figure represents power
cost and labor cost.
The power cost will be affected
by several factors but a common
range is from $50 to $1.SO per acre
per irrigation. Organization, man
agement, and the type of system
will affect the labor used but it
should be possible to hold it to
one man hour per acre or less. These
figures on cost do not include any
charge for water.
Starting from scratch with piece
of raw land which has never been
irrigated, the sprinkler will compare
very favorably with surface methods
both from the standpoint of origi-
nal investment per acre and annual
cost. generally speaking. The to-
biography Of the land and the type
of soil should be the determining
factor in selection of the methods
Lands that have a uniform slope
under percent, soil that is neither
extremely heavy or extremely
sandy or gravelly, an ample water
supply at reasonable cost, and q
topography that requires very little
leveling has a definite advantage fol-
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15
IRRIGATION SYSTEM

RAIN, at your command to start
crops - grow better crops - to save
good crops from dry, hot spells. Soil
erosion is controlled; orchards pro-
duce more high-quality fruits. Labor
is saved - time is saved - dollars
are bankedi
PLAN NOW FOR RAINcHIEF M 1881
Portable irrigation systems-Custom
designed to solve your individual
irrigation problems.
Get the complete irrigation story.
Write us for copy Of our ANNUAL.
IRRIGATION RECORD.
RAY M0RISSETTE
Hardin. Montans, state Distributor
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1952-01-15

One thing always look for in pump Unprotected bearings
That's why like Worhngton vertical turbine pump The bottom
bearing is geaseaked for life There's nothing for worry
about.
Is this protection something special with WOrthngtOn? Yes sir
In fact Worhngon the only manufacturer give you ALL vital
features irrigation pump No other make gives you than
That full pipe all during the growing and
for many years
Get in touch with your local Wohngon dealer. He carries
complete ne6 and Or write Worhngton Pump and Ma
chnery Corporation Succasunn N j. Denver TO- Colorado
where they maintain complete manufacturing and service facilities.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-02-27
COAST GUARD

Continued from Page onel
peiefsbnF9 PA. has sens . plane
n loesfinR ere fishiNe vessels.
The shrimp bosi NmesiS 90 4
"a FelershsrR has COR r \ -
ssstanee ~ the iishsnR. seunoI -
Adams uhixh y IN distress h lhe
same io<siity - il< nilI SInxi<
On which operates nai n Tunes.
FioFibn.
II she wlfd eanfinz.es frem the
Northeast fhe xhrimp<rs IN pr.
bars - bfouzht in<o Key west
Howtxer il ueathef hecomes uso<e
fasofahie fhey ~lIi ~ fo~ed m<e
n Myers Or Tampa BAY
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-02-27

A four wsy ils Coz tirss place
resulted from Sundays meeting
- the Mr. ard Mrs. Bowling
Leaew a ne Boca chles a..
ieys The Bfowns. flmmphfeyB
Atxerts and Joys are currently
- ine Iemd in the ieaRus.
Mf and Mira Shusn4n and ~
Turner's are tied kn the SECOND
co&itIon ard Mf and Mrs. James
Caldwell hold dawn. the third
spot
HIGH frF the men MS DE AZ
<ert With 4 80 liza fof 4 "a -.
fie< u shu<raa roliea = z9f sln.
eIe game and n Arenth q i91
lillian Ehuman - ne isdi<s
wlth : ~ a. q so three ensns
s<riez q MrFariars had 10 snd
Irene Turner iss
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-02-27
Cobra venam N
Cure For Polio
Saws u. OF N.

MIAMI n - A Statement that
monkeys had been cured a poi.o
~ cobra venom drew . rehulIoI
oiay from TIE University n -.
AMI thAi ''there - M Isnp<r ha<Is
" ne <iatcmeui nat cobra venom
- . curt foo paIlc "
Iftrpalolokisf William IIaast said
monkeys had heen enred u polio
tNh|h mo0ihs after cohrs serusn
research started ~ thr university
IN May. inlo.
Iiaaa. 40 operates . srrDrn.
iarIam near Kendall. made ~
suK&rstion That resulted N ne -.
gram n experimenting vI.h co[ra
senom a possible polio care. W.
vas named consulisni IN TIE uni.
versity's experiments and served
rom Oct. I. is<g. 70 Oct. u. io5I.
lIassi sad M DIES nat pretend
. trp~ ne progress made N M
IpR NhrlAeF he venom serum 4
e&naIIy eiIee(lse In treating huInno
<I10s No have infart,Ie psfnIf
-. M NJ beliet<s che poNI't
<hoald ~ Told What progress 3
being made. or II the experiments
1ave bern falmrrs.
n nrIser<Isy received approxi.
mssely ~ grams u cobra senoyn
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-02-27
yOdoy's
StoGk
MoplGot

NEW yoRk a Rsilrosds iu.
pfoSed today il slo<k meFkt'
HAT reused 70 fo,Ios ~ lead
Pricet tkroxhous lhe Ut s>f1ed
b. irsctioos 10 b<iuffn | ar1 z
points WIN she e<ctp,iou 4 sh<
rails and . few scattered i1or1s
that we're ffstiiop> 10 ! 81 b<lIts
than a point h.sher.
some chemicals. utilities ap.i
aiding materials hugecd lhe 40
side bat the <ieel<. motors. sir.
crafts. radio. televi<,on<. oils. and
am ferrmss metals ucre ar0<rsiIy
lower.
This was the third straight <es.
sion Il deelinlng prizes uilh lhe
aiark<t bumpine around ,ht Io~cAl
Ie<eis q the pear.
kadio Corp. MS dawn . frac.
loo II qsiie, lradinx. ne cam.
pony rerof,ed record hi11 sales
4 ne.rly 1too EnllIion do1nrS lest
wear hul prints sfIef taxes u<o(
io~n % atUurd ~ miII|nn tpsn
- uII'iro lhf rrettou1 Y<1f.
Aleo 1ecIIning were Sonlo ~.
Slor<ar1 (n n. ~. Krnnccoll
c10(f. Do4 Cl<micaI. Anefl<o1
Cen. cener,l k'fclrie nel>I>1ru
Steel. Chfysler. Goodrich. IEl<rn1'
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-02-27

CONTINUED from Page one)
Il = 80 by 900 foot marginal
wharf between the mole and tie
main ship channel
Plans ard speelfseafionz Cor
he pfpjeei are beng made m
ne dssisn division % ne Pub
le Works OfIlce ~ the Sixth
Naval District Bids for the con-
sfFuetion u the first % the SIX
Foiects viii te sdsertiSed soon
~ Captain Walter r Eckbefg.
&C. uSN. District Public Works
officer u the sixth Naval Dis.
frirt