davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The future outlook., 1952-04-19
THREE NCCC PROFESSORS
NAMED RECIPIENTS OFF,
EELLOWSHIPS.

Durham-Three North Caro-
lima College, professors were
named recipients Of fellowships
from the Ford Foundation, It was
an1ounced this week by, the
Foundation Education program.
The three are DR.. Marjorie L.
Brown, acting chairman al,dxznro-
lessor of Mathematics; DR.. Err
nest Moriz, Manasse, professor, of
German and Philosophy; DR.. Al
vim w. Rose, graduate professor
of Sociology. ''* a:.,.., ,'''@f-
4. Over 81, 10000 in fellowship
grants were made to 246 college
professors from 16O, schools in
Y states by the two-year old
lord Fund for the Advancement
d Education. The. grant, reputed
/, tt be among the most lucrative
nnde in higher education, afford
recipients with their present sal-
ar3 tax free. for a years study.
A total of nine Tar Heel teach
ers were named by the Ford
Foundation to receive fellowships
for study. In addition to, North
Carolina Colleges three, there
were three from ,Women's Coll
lege at Greensboro, two from
. Guilford and Davidson Colleges.
This years recipients were se4
lected by a board of 16 college
presidents and officials from a
group of 1,158 applicants.
Clarence H. Faust, president
of the Ford Faulty Fellowship
program, who made 1.-The an
nouncement Of the winners of
the awards, stated that this years
grants are being made. as. a part
of the Funds .progr1n aimed at
Strengthening liberal education
in the United States.
!. The purpose of the fellow
ships, he said, isl enable the
recipients TO become better quail
flied to teach in their respective
fields, which include; the human
ties, the social science and the
natural sciences. FL. +.
Al E DR.. Blown, professor of. Mathe-
matics at NCC since 1949, was
grantel fellowship 4 to COM
plete research on Zone parameter
Subgroup in the full linear groups.
|of order NJ, and Ito begin pre-
paration of monograph of Gle
'ments of Topological Groups"
A native of Memphis, Tenn,
ste has studied at Howad and
~rni-,A~~itias Dr. Rrown
The future outlook., 1952-04-19

q; Ga, Tulane 1, lL:r l., ~dd. Vanderbilt wera
the. othsr schools which had,
ltg,.se> fellowship recipients. ). sN<, :, :,
Evening star., 1952-09-09
BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Sept. 9.-Baseball
Commissioner Ford Frick an
nounced today there will be nc
increase in ticket prices for the
1852 World Series, scheduled to
open Wednesday, October l, in the
park of the National League
champion.
. The 1851 scale of SO for box
seats, Sc for reserved seats, 81 for
general admission and standing
room and 81 for bleacherS will
prevail. If Cleveland or st. Louis
is in the series there will be q
slight addition to cover city OF
State taxes.
However. each club will charge
81 extra to cover mailing costs on
each order. Each club will an
nounce its own manner of ticket
distribution at a later date. Nc
tickets have been put on sale yet.
Club owners met with Frick
yesterday and agreed on the
schedule for the series.
In event of a tie in the National
League necessitating a playoff. the
first game Of the series would not
be played until October 2. A tie
in the American League would not
affect the start of the series Oc-
tober /. American League rule:
call for a one-game playoff, but
Evening star., 1952-09-09
|Moureen Gets Horse
AS San Diego Honors
Tennis Queen 7 Todoy
BY the Associoied Press

SAN DIEGO, Calf. Sept. o.
Today is the day that Maureer
Connolly gets her horse.
The tennis queen, who will be
18 a week from tomorrow, first
rides in an automobile parade up
San Diego's Broadway. Then she
gets the horse-or, even better
yet. a choice Of several fine riding
mounts. Many San Diegans con-
tributed to the public-subscription
horse fund.
The parade and cheers and
horse presentation-with a saddle
serving as symbol until Maureen
can make a leisurely choice-start
with arrival of Little Mo by all
from her tennis campaigns.
City and county officials have
proclaimed it "Maureen Connolly
Day" in honor of the sturdy
brown-eyed miss who won the
national women's crown for the
second year Sunday.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Baseball
Continued From Page A-13)

tNOHtlIiueU FIOm rage A-lS.)
Now we're five back with 10 to
CO."
It was Mueller's double in the
last half of the ninth that scored
Hank Thompson from second with
the run that gave the Giants a
split. But the outfielder had to
share the starring role with Sal
Maglie, New York pitching ace.
Maglie. who was knocked out
the day before, pitched three shut
out innings in relief and stopped
a Brooklyn threat in the seventh.
retiring three Dodgers with the
score tied and the potential lead
ing run on third and nobody out.
A single by Gil Hodges and a
triple by Andy Pafko had just tied
the score at % and sent AL Cor
win to the showers. Maglie took
over. He stranded the runner at
third as he retired Pitcher Billy
Loes on a grounder, famed Billy
Cox and got Jackie Robinson to
hit into a force play after walking
Peewee Reese.
Duke Snider, who had driven in
four runs with q bases-loaded
double and q home run in the first
game. hammered his 18th four
Dagger in the sixth to break up a
scoreless pitching duel between
Loes and Corwin. The Giants
moved in front. 2-1, in their half
of the sixth when Dark followed
Mueller's single with his eighth
homer of the season.
Rhubarb in First Game:
Thompson opened the winning
rally with single, moved to sec
ond on a sacrifice and scored when
Mueller laced a two-out double
down the left field line. The vic
tory went to Maglie. 1t was his
18th Of the season and his sixth
over the Dodgers.
Black, Brooklyn's ace reliever.
yielded six hits in 72a scoreless
innings to receive credit for the
opener. It was his 18th success
against three defeats.
The first game, which lasted
8 hours and IL minutes. was high
lighted by a first-class rhubarb,
constant pickering on the part
Of both clubs. three hit batsmen.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Boiling P|aysMemphis
lin Air Force Series
BY the Associoied Press

EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE, Fla.
Sept. 9.-Teams from Japan, Cali
fornia, Washington. D. c., and
Alaska led the way into second
round play today in the Air Force
baseball world series.
The first game this morning was
scheduled between johnson Air
Force Base, Japan. which downed
Fairchild AFB, Washington State.
yesterday, and Fort Francis E.
Warren, Cheyenne, Wyo., which
drew flrst-round bye.
Peperall AFB, Newfoundland.
will take on Travis AFB, Calf.
later in the day. Travis edged
Sheppard AFB. Tex, 10. in a
first-round pitching duel, while
Pepperall had an opening bye.
Elmendorff AFB, Alaska, will
face Munich AFB, Germany, after
downing Ramey AFB, Puerto Rico,
80. in II innings yesterday after
noon.
Last game Of the day is set be-
tween Boiling AFB, Washington,
ID. c., and Memphis AFB, Tenn.
Boiling scored a 40 shutout over
Scot Air Force Base. Belleville,
ILL.,, behind the three-hit pitching
of Bob Darnell of Kansas City, Mo.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Team Spirit High at Western,
Outlook Brighter Than in 81
By Bill Fuchs
(Another in a SerieS.)

Fred Mulvey is happy. The
Western High School football
coach is high in spirit because his
squad is.
I'VE have about 40 boys out" /"
he says. II didn't expect that
many. We don't have much ex-
Iperience and only a little size.
but the boys are showing a lot of
spirit. It may take us a few
games. but I think we'll get along
better than last year."
Mulvey doesn't have too much
in the way of experienced players.
Jim Bakhtiar, 19O-pounder who
played center last year, has been
shifted to full back. Mulvey hopes
Jim can give him those few extra
yards when needed. Bill Dupre,
180-pound guard last season, is
being moved to tackle.
Also back from last years team
are Guard Dave Keyes. Back
Billy Richardson and Billy's broth
er, Jimmy, a 6-foot end.
Quarterback Spot Is Problem.
The quarterback spot in the
Information is Mulvey's main
problem now. He thinks Bruce
McKeithan may help solve it.
Bruce, who stands 5-10 and
weighs $50 pounds. is up from
the junior squad.
"McKeithan's looking good" i"
Mulvey says. "And he's getting
of some very good passes. But
the big thing is a couple Of boys
who can spell him. Ross Chaim-
son and Tom Smith may be able
to do it,"
Chaimson just transferred to
Western from Sanford Prep in
Delaware. A 150-pound junior, he
has had some experience as a T.
quarterback. Smith. like Nc
Kiethan. played junior varsity
last season. The biggest of the
three, Smith stands Ga and
weighs about TO-
Larger Pants Need.
Mulvey has one other problem
trying to find clothes to fit Dickie
Poore. A 15-year -old just out of
Evening star., 1952-09-09
KnOtv HO,U

Therefore, agencies must know which ele.
ments of art, engraving, announcers, media
to touch upon like pianist touching the right
keys to produce beautiful melody. An
agency must maintain a sincere interest in
its clients problems and initiate suggestions
and ideas-see that the clients receive layout,
copy and proofs and hear from the agency
frequently. The Beattie agency submits that
it has under one roof hundreds of years of
cumulative know-how in all phases of adver-
tising-the sincerest interest in its clients
that the center creative core of the organiza-
ton has been united for nearly twenty years
nearly Is years with another agency and
nearly years here.
Evening star., 1952-09-09

junior high school. Dickie stands
5-8 and weighs 285 pounds.
Il can't find any pants to fit
him right now," Mulvey says
I'D like to see him lose just about
10 pounds. Not only could we get
pants to fit him. but he'd also
make a good ball player" Poore
will be used at either tackle or
guard.
Mulvey spent a good portion OF
last week emphasizing angle
tackling. Straight tackling they
do okay." he said. But angle
tackling, they get kicked around.
I tell them: DO it right and it
feels good. Do it wrong and you
get cleats in your teeth"
First Game.
The Raiders. who posted a 2-3
interhigh record last year, open
September 10 at MechanicSburg
Pa, and meet Eastern the follow
ing Friday. If he can get by these
two, Mulvey feels he may have
a fair season.
The schedule:
September 19-At Mechanicsburg, Pa.
(night).
September 26-At Eastern, $50.
October 5-Tech. 3:I5.
9ctobsrr 99ctobsr IA i9.At IE,ssirfax, I,sIx, 81
October 24-Bell 3:I5,
October 31-Anacostia, 3:15
g, November AT Bethesda Chevy Chase,
November 14-Chamberlain, 3:16.
Next Wilson,
Evening star., 1952-09-09
My Sweetie Will Compete
In President's S Cup Race

My Sweetie. winner of the Presi-
dents Cup in the 1949 regatta,
will take part in this years race,
according to Bill Rogers, chair
man of the Power Committee.
Rogers has heard from Horace
E. Dodge of Detroit, the boat IS
owner, that AL Death will come
to Washington to pilot the big
Gold Cup Class boat in the power
races September 20 and 81.
Wild Bill Cantrell was the
driver in 1949 when My Sweetie
set a course speed record of 1851
miles per hour. Since then the
boat has been equipped with a
completely new hull. Another De-
troit boat. Miss Pepsi, won the
big power race in the Presidents
Cup Regatta last year and the
year before.
The sailing race phase of the
regatta will be held this week end
with races starting at 10 am. and
2 pm. Saturday and 10 am. Sun
day.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Ticket Prices for World Series
Retained; PIoyoH Starts Oct. !

the National League has a best.
Of three rule.
The first two games will bt
played in the National League
park, the next three in the home
park of the American League
champions. and the sixth and sew.
enth, If necessary, back in the
National grounds.
Inc NEW NEW YORK YaNKEEs. fSl Siia ''u''
.I1n Loren v,,R,, R ISa BABE Hank Bauer, S veg
wiser. RiH Joseph & % E. Collins. : Tho@as = A. % Cor
man. Ralph Houk, Bob Kuzaya. Ed Lopat
James Mcdonald. Gil !McDougald, Micke!
johnny Mize,. r1- irv Noren, J Joe ostroWski
Vic Raschi. Allie Reynolds, Phil Riazuto
Johnny Sain. Ray Scarborough, Charle
A. Silvera. Gene Woodling.
CLEVELAND INDIANS.
Merrill Combs, Larry Dolby. Luke Easter
Steve Gromek. Mickey Harris. Jim Hegan
Bill McCoskey, Al Rosen. Richard Rock
Harry Simpson. George Strickland. Birdie
Tebbetts, Joe Upton, Wally Westlake
Ted Wilks, Early Wynn.
BROOKLYN DODGERS.
Branca. Everett Bridges. Roy Campaneiis
Billy Cox, Carl Erskine. Carl FurillO
Gil Hodges, Tommy Holmes. Clyde King
Lehman. Billy Loes, Ray Moore, Rober
Morgan, Glenn Nelson, Andy Pafko
Peewee Reese. Jack Robinson, Preache
Roe, John Rutherford. George Shuba, Et
Snider. Ben Wade. Albert Walker.
NEW YORK GIANTS.
William Connolly. Elmer Corwin. Alvil
Dark Bob Elliott. Clint Hartung, Jane
Hearn, Robert Hoffman, Monte Irwin
Larry Jansen, Montia Kennedy, DaV,
Koslo. Max Lanier. Carroll Lockman, Sa
Magle. Don Mueller. James Rhodes, Bill
Rigney, George Spencer. Henry Thompson
Bob Thomson, Yves Westrum. James vii
helm. David Williams. George Wilson
Sal WARS
Evening star., 1952-09-09

an accidental spiking and other
signs of frayed tempers.
The rhubarb 'erupted with two
out in the Brooklyn half of the
ninth. Larry Jansen, who had
come in to pitch the eighth for the
Giants. became irked when the
batter, Cox, returned to the dug
out. Cox apparently wanted to
give Black little more rest before
returning" to the mound. The
Brooklyn pitcher had just been
retired on a close play at first.
Jansen. seeing Cox go back to
the Brooklyn dugout, decided to
walk over to the Giants dugout.
He was intercepted, however, by
Umpire Lee Ballanfant, who or
dered him back to the mound.
Jansen obeyed, but hit Cox in the
small of the back with his first
pitch. Ballanfant quickly elected
Jansen from the game.
Giles Reserves Decision.
Durocher came storming out of
the dugout. ordered his infielders
off the diamond and took up the
argument with the umpires. Order
was finally restored and Dave
Koslo took the mound for the
Giants.
National League President War
rem Giles, who did not attend the
afternoon game, but was q spec
tator at the nightcap. said he
would reserve decision until he re-
ceived a full report from the UNI
pires. If, in the umpire's judg-
ment, Jansen deliberately threw at
Cox. it could mean an automatic
suspension and fine for both Jan
sen and Durocher.
Cox was the third Brooklyn
player to be hit by a pitched ball
in the game. Jansen also struck
Pafko in the eighth and Hodges
was hit by Wilhelm in the fifth.
Monte Irwin of the Giants and
Robinson were hit by pitched balls
Sunday.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Brewer Nine Favored
Over Royals Today
In SandIot Series

The Heurich Brewers will be
favored to keep their undefeated
record in the city sandlot baseball
series when they face the WASH
ington Royals, only Negro team
remaining in the playoff. at 4::30
pm. today. on the South Ellipse.
Unbeaten FBI plays once-de-
feated Used Car Dealers tomor-
row, while Silver Hill and Atchi-
son and Keller both place perfect
playoff marks on the line when
they clash Thursday. All games
will be at 4:30 on the South
Ellipse.
So far. the city series has been
following the form sheet closely.
The winners and runners-up in
both the Industrial and Depart
mental Leagues. generally consid-
cred to be the top sandlot circuits
In the city. still are unbeaten.
Silver Hill Sand and Gravel,
Industrial League champion, did
not fare as well as FBI, Depart
mental League titlist and CO.
favorite with Silver Hill for the
city crown. in this weeks pairings.
The Gravelmen must play tough
Atchison & Keller, Departmental
runnerup, while FBI meets weaker
Used Car Dealers. once-beaten
representative from the Anacostia
League. Heurich, second to Silver
Hill in the Industrial League,
should gain next weeks finals this
afternoon.
Yesterday Bill Nolan, George
town University hurler, pitched
Atchison & Keller to 20 victory
over Used Car Dealers to keep the
plumbers undefeated. Nolan gave
up only four hits, while Duke Cop
page with three hits and Bob
Lamon with two topped the AK
hitterS.
In other series action yesterday
the Washington Royals, led by Bob
Mayo's four hits. kept its hopes
alive by eliminating the Panthers.
1915. The Royals have a Ill
record.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
LITTLE SPORT

Rookie Jim Dunn walked four
men after Jim Busby doubled in
the fourth, forcing in two runs.
A walk issued by Ron Kline. a
fielder's choice and Mel Hoder-
lein's single brought the other run
in the seventh. A double by
Hoderlein was the Mats only other
hit.
A crowd of 1858 turned out for
the game. The teams turned over
the receipts to the Washington
Boys Club and Pittsburgh Com
munity Fund.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Mats
Continued From Page A-13)

\NOnCmueo from rage A-13J
is Charley Gooch. who had a brief
major league stay with the Mats
IN 1929 as a utility infielder.
Trio Shuts Out Pirates.
The team stopped off in Pitts
burgh last night en- route to Chi
|cago and beat the Pirates, SO
in benefit exhibition.
Don johnson, Joe Haynes and
Tom Ferrick split the pitching for
the Mats. and all three of the
Pirates hits came off Haynes.
Washington got only three hits
off three Pittsburgh pitchers, but
III walks made the difference
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Dodgers, 1912; N. Y, %
Totals 401227S Totals 80 9 81 IL
Announced as batted for Mueller In
DAY GAME
Popped out for Elliott in 2nd.
tFanned for Kennedy in. 9TH.

Popped out for Elliott in 2nd.
TANNED for Kennedy in 7th.
Slammed for Koslo In 9th
Neg YORK ---,- 200 900 0oo-2 2
ESaGo1 pafse Fses' Hodges s RoPniHo snro.
Snider t2), DARK: Irwin. Errors-:West-
in@cox. Robinson 12j. snider Is, irwin
sn,der, DARK, Lockman. csmpanella.
Three-base hit-Reese. Home runs
Cox Irwin, Furillo. Snider Stolen base
Reese. Double .plays-Black to Robinson
to Hodges; Dark to Rigney to Lockman.
Left on baseS-Brooklyn IL; New York,
BLACK, 2: on Wilhelm. 3; ofi Kennedy.
nedy. 1. Hits-on Lehman. IN ia
Of Lanier. in 9 tnone out in firsO !;
OF Wilhelm. in 8 innings: OF Kennedy,
] in l inning: OF Jansen. 3 in ia in
nings; Oh Koslo. o in "a inning. Runs
and earned runs-.oh Lehman, o22; OF
ksnisr kennedy -; Of S ,anien wnem FL HIT On ST
piteher-Wilhelm lHodges): Jansen IPafko
Winning nitcher-Black d3-3l: Losins
,226.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Ennis Hand Not Broken

PHILADELPHIA. Sept. 9 (P.-
X-ray pictures reveal that Del
Ennis. Phillies outfielder. does not
have fractured left hand as had
been reported. It was announced
Sunday that Ennis fractured the
second matacarpal bone in his
hand in Saturday nights first
game with Boston.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Mats, 8: Pirates, O

Totals 3032711 Totals 80 8 ~ IL
'Flied out for Kline in 7th.
Washington 900 200 1903
EltISuuIBA ----------- VOO UUU UUU-U
None. Buns batted in-Coan. Jensen Hod-
erlein. Two-base hits-Hoderlein. Busby
Left on bases--Washington IL; Pittsburgh,
son, !; of Haynes, 2; of Kline, 1; of
Friend, q Hits-off johnson. o in 5
innings; off Kline. In 31s innings; of
Ferrick, 0 in 2 innings; OF Dunn, 2 in ga
innings; of Haynes. in 3 innings of
Friend. Q in 2 innings. Runs and earned
runS-Oh johnson, 90; Of Dunn, %; of
Haynes. 90: of Kline IL; of Friend, 90;
OF Ferrick. 90 Winning pitcher John
son. Losing pitcher-Dunn. Time 20.
Umpires-Donatellt. Napp German, Soar.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Injured Miumi Tackle
Ordered to Quit Come
By The Assoeicted Press

MIAMI, Fla, Sept. 9.-oe
Bartolovich, senior tackle from
Struthers. Ohio. yesterday was
lost to the University of Miami
football squad for the season when
doctors advised him to give up the
game.
Bartolovich, regular defensive
tackle. was injured late last sea-
son and missed the Gator Bowl
game. He missed spring practice
but reported again this fall and
had worked out with the squad.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Case History

For example, six months ago we assumed the
advertising of relatively successful sewing
machine company. We recommended certain
radio announcements, the use of telephone
answering service and particular offer, all
of which we knew from experience to be the
best producers for this type of business.
Today the business has doubled. The ex-
pending of money on advertising is practically
a necessity for progressive business in our
era but how and where that money is spent
is the greatest service we can render client.
Evening star., 1952-09-09

-. 1t costs thousands to millions of dollars
for an advertising program. While no adver-
tising program is completely wasted, choice
of the right media and the right idea is often
the difference between failure and success.
We have expended in advertising, over the
years, hundreds of times as much money in
hundreds of times as many ways as our
average client. We have used extensively
every advertising medium and, in this area,
every newspaper, radio station, television
station, car card advertising, and billboards,
etc. This information is invaluable to client.
Evening star., 1952-09-09

Totals 347x26S Totals 80 "a z
sWalked for Hoffman in 9th:
filmed out for Maglie In 9th.
xTwo out when winning run scored.
New York -- 900 002 O01-3
hHmpson HGscss kSns Ss.td F Il
-Snider Dark (2), Pafko. Mueller. Two
base hits-Dark Mueller ca. Three-base
sacrince-Corwin. WARS. Left on base
Brooklyn, 10; New York. g.. Bases on balls
on Loes, 9; of Corwin, 8; on Maglie, 2.
Maglie. 2. Hits-On Corwin, in inn
ings tnons out in 7thl; on Maslie in
3-3; of Corwin. 20 Winning Pitcher
Maslie 15-6). LOSING pitcher.-Loes
U3-O. Time-235. ,420.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
That Extra Something

II
%. There is tide in the affairs of men and
advertising agencies. Some never make the
grade at all, others reach middle point and
are satisfied to hang on for dear life, still
fewer reach the top and gradually slip back.
You could count on the fingers of one hand
the agencies that have reached the top rung,
and even among these you would find each
was lower than the highest point it had
reached except the one temporarily on top at
present.
Best Periods
When, then, is the best period of an aSencys
existence for a client to benefit by its services.
1t is most likely to be several years after
formation while on the strongest phase of its
rise-the tide (which taken at the food leads
on to fortune" At this point capable
agency is beyond the do or die point and
making its reputation by building volume for
its clients, it is trying with all its might and
main. 1t is throwing in that extra something
we'll above and beyond the call of duty. The
Beattie agency respectfully submits that in
its seventh year of operation and highest
point of volume yet reached that it is still
growing at the rate of 500 year, or better,
record maintained since the year one. If
you would like to know how the advertising
agency background outlined above would
specifically benefit your own business, our
time is your time without the slightest obli-
CATION.
Evening star., 1952-09-09

Beattie Agency respectfully submits as its
creative credentials that it is successfully at
the present time selling nearly hundred
businesses of about as wide cross section as
the commercial world offers. Everything
from beer to banks and bottle caps to houses.
Moreover, every worthwhile advertising
medium known to man is being productivity
used. Finally Beattie has successfully COM
peted with several of the worlds largest
advertising agencies located in other metro.
politan centers.
o Production and Service
-. Without proper execution into final ap.
pealins form the abilities of planning and
creative preparation would fail within sight
of the finish line. A top advertising agency
is like the author and producer of motion
picture combined. Like the author, the
agency must create the "story" and like the
producer, it must combine the necessary
elements to produce the desired effect into
final celluloid. No agency will ever be large
enough to control all its advertising from
initial ideas to consumer-that would require
owning many newspapers, magazines, print
ers, television and other media.
Evening star., 1952-09-09
Contacts

Contacts
Since Beattie talent has been long in WASH
ington, there is no source of advertising in
this area that has not been completely COW
cred. Moreover, Beattie has served many
clients in this and other areas of both regional
and national magnitude. Suppliers of adver.
tisins technical services throughout the
country are at this agency's fngertips. For
instance, last year in producing particularly
fine booklet for Americas leading watch
manufacturer, Beattie had the art done in
Washington, the cuts in Philadelphia and the
printing in Baltimore, calling upon the
nations leading talent for the type of effects
necessary.