davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-03-02

said they were convinced the boys
had trained hard and often.
The disturbances apparently have
not been stopped. Not long after the
second synagogue incident, students
leaving a Jewish Community Chapel
were stoned. Later, two junior high
school pupils were beaten severely
by a gang of girls. This assault was
attributed to racial intolerance.
Thus the "City of Brotherly Love"
is graphing with its most serious
juvenile problem in years. The solu.
tion to the problem has not been
reached as yet but civic leaders be-
lieve' there is an answer in sight.
= They are joining forces now in an
effort to blot poisons of racial hatred
from young minds. They hope their
present actions will prevent survival
of youth movement that took its
inspiration from the evil memory Of
a dead man. @.
Evening star., 1952-03-02

Prime Minister. He has IA vice presi-
dents, or deputy prime ministers,
each overseeing a group Of minis
tries, and some so ministers who are
responsible-not only for the ordinary
business of running the government
but for the management of the vast
state-owned business enterprises.
1896 Per Cent Pure
The present Supreme Soviet which
will hold its third brief session this
week. was elected on March IL, 1850,
after an extensive campaign keyed
to the issue Of peace. Almost Ill
million Soviet citizens, 1896 per cent
Of the total registered. went to the
polls. Stain, himself a candidate for
the Supreme Soviet, set the example
by casting his vote at No. precinct
in the Lenin district of Moscow,
dropping his ballot in a box set amid
masses Of potted lilacs and azaleas.
This was probably special touch,
but the whole election was conducted
with the highest degree Of efficiency.
By American standards, only one
thing was lacking-a choice of
candidates.
There is only one legal party in
Russia, the Communist Party. Since
by definition it represents the
workers, and in Russia every one
works, any other party would be
counterrevolutionary. But even so,
there is nothing in the Soviet con-
stitution to prevent little COM
petition for honors between worthy
Communists, like those enthusiastic
Democratic primary free for -alls in
some Southern States.
But the Communists apparently
prefer to settle their disputes in
private, and the Russian voter of
1850 Was handed q single list Of
Communist and non-party bloc can
didates carefully selected in advance.
Legally, citizen in a negative mood
could scratch name. This was not
considered one of the better ways to
win friends and influence people,
Evening star., 1952-03-02

however. If any such votes were
cast. they were not reported.
SO the unanimously elected Su-
preme Soviet met in due course and
unanimously reelected Stain Prime
Minister, and confirmed his II
trusted deputy prime ministers.
1t is hardly coincidence that this
powerful inner cabinet, which as
sumes the responsibility for running
the Soviet Union. comes very close to
duplicating in its membership the
most powerful agency of the Com
muniSt Party. the Politburo.
The party, with something more
than 6 million members, has COM
pleN organization paralleling every
part OF the government and economic
structure Of the country. It directs
and controls all activities through
instructions from its central agencies
to party members in government
posts.
No Recent Porty Congress
In theory. the highest party organ
is the ALL Union Party Congress, the
forum in which Stain once found
it necessary to meet TrotSky's at
tacks., But no party congress has
been called since 1899, and the Cen
trail Committee chosen then has be-
come self-perpetuating.
The Central Committee elects the
Politburo, its executive body, and Or
ganizational bureau which manages
party affairs a secretary (the post
from which Stain maneuvered his
way to his present virtual dictator
ship and a Committee Of Party
Control.
Under the theory of democratic
centralism, which makes the party
about as democratic as q military
chain Of command, the Politburo is
the only place In Russia where there
is room for argument on vital mat
terS. Key issues are fought out Wig
orously. but even here democracy is
not quite complete.
When the time for decision comes,
Stain decides.
Evening star., 1952-03-02
e Soviet Is Warming Up the Rubber Stamps Again

equal houses (none Of this upper and
lower business in classics society
whose members are elected for four
year terms. Suffrage is universal for
Soviet citizens over 18, and for all
practical purposes compulsory. Bal
loting is technically secret.
Their House and Senote
The Council of the Union, repre-
sentlng Soviet citizens directly, has
682 members chosen from electoral
areas of approximately 100000 in
habitants. 1t can be compared
roughly to our House of Representa-
tiveS. ,.s-.- tr .a
The Council OF Nationalities, with
Is deputies from each of the con-
stituent republics of the U. S. S. R.,
is more like the Senate. Smaller
governmental units also are repre-
sented, with II deputies for each au-
tonomous republic. five for each au-
Evening star., 1952-03-02
ZAP Photo.

country and that they are even Civ
ing money and food to the most des-
titute. Well-known Communists are
active among the political factions
involved in the present bitter presi-
dental campaign. Panamanian in
telligence reports reveal that some Of
the most prominent individuals Of
the nation are knowingly or unwit-
tingly playing stooge to them.
Both responsible Panamanians and
North Americans agree that there is
a deep-rooted and growing anti
United States sentiment among the
less fortunate of the country. Com
munist propagandists are spreading
the word among these people that
Uncle Sam is the cause of all their
hardships and miSfortunes. Worse
still, many of the candidates in the
present campaign seem perfectly
willing to fan these flames of dis
content. and particularly the anti
American sentiments, for the sake Of
political advantage.
1t is significant that these charges
came almost Immediately on the heels
Evening star., 1952-03-02

The Supreme Soviet, highest legis-
lative body of the U. S.. S. R., will
meet Wednesday in the Kremlin to
adopt the new Russian budget. Any
resemblance to an American Congress
going about a similar task will be
purely coincidental. q
i There will be enthusiastically ap-
plauded speeches and unanimously
approved resolutions, perhaps includ-
ing one to set up new five-year
plan. But there will be no American
style Investigations, no budget cuts,
no embarrassing questions for bu-
reaucratS.
AS legislative mills go. it is very
efficient. But it does not represent
what Americans like to think of as
democracy in action.
The Supreme Soviet is-on paper
the highest organ of state authority
in the Soviet Union. The Stain con-
stitution OF 1896 sets it up as two CO.
Evening star., 1952-03-02
By Jones c. PoreeII

Of one boy was known Bundist who
had committed suicide six years ago.
Philadelphia's civic leaders were
quick to act.
Mayor Joseph C. Clark, jr., ordered
the City Commission on Human
Relations to investigate "circum-
stances Of acts of violence repeatedly
based on racial and religious preju-
dices."
Schools Take q Hand
DR.. Louis P. Hoyer. superintendent
of public schools, ordered an en-
phatic and determined program
against vandalism, not only of the
bigotry-inspired type that defiled
Synagogues. Pennsylvania Gov. Fine
blasted subversive elements among
Philadelphia teachers, although there
was no evidence that teachers had
anything to do with the "Nazi"
movement. .-
Despite public Indignation and the
many-sided probe, the Hitlerlike
group was not to be cowed into in
action. On February z, when outrage
was at its height the young Bundists
Haunted their !ogance by circulat-
ing leaflets urF Ag other students to
join the organization. And on the
next day two expertly fashioned
"Molotov cocktails"-gasoline bottles
with wicks were found burning at
the school a few minutes after a
group Of parents had left a meeting
on vandalism.
Rineleoders Arrested -
Police moved in swiftly to forestall
further acts of violence. They ar
rested three of the ringleaders and
discovered a shack believed to be
gang headquarters. A number Of milk
bottles and bullet-pierced buckets
were found in the shack. All ap-
proaches to the site were blocked OF
with barhed wire and the shack itself
was hidden by felled trees.
Then, a week ago, police released
their latest findings on the Hitler
spawned group.
The idea, they said, came from
'Mein Kampf." which the boys had
found in public library. Many of
the youths apparently had read the
book from cover to cover and had
used it generally as their research
aid in governing and patterning the
club" at the school.
Swastika armbands, many Of them
brought home from the war by rela-
tives, were worn by the boys. When
ever they had the opportunity, the
youths initiated actions Of the storm
troopers, even to the point Of goose
stepping between classes. Frequent
Hell Hitlers" resounded through the
school halls and heels were clicked
with such precision that Investigators
Evening star., 1952-03-02
By Edword TomIinson

PANAMA CITY-AH of Americas
responsible officials and diplomatic
representatives here on the ISthmuS
are deeply concerned about the de-
tense and protection of the Panama
Canal. None of them is particularly
worried about the likelihood of an
other Pearl Harbor. or of an organ
lied sneak military attack on this
hemisphere lifeline by a foreign
enemy. All the measures possible are
already in effect to take care of any
such an eventuality.
But those who have witnessed or
studied the recent revolutionary up
risings and the directed
violence and sabotage in Indonesia
and Malaga, in Iran, and especially
in Egypt. feel that the chief peril to
the vital waterway lies in the po-
litical disintegration and growing
strife in nearby Central and South
American countries. and particularly
In the Republic Of Panama itself.
The military. establishment here
presents a vastly different aspect
than during the last war, especially
IN the early phases of that conflict.
Then the Canal Zone was bursting
at the seams with soldiers, sailors
and airmen. The jungles of Panama,
north and south. were dotted with
airfelds and landing strips, with
men and planes on every one OF
them.
Only One AirfieId
Today the outsider who visits the
10-rnile strip Of territory through
which the Canal passes is surprised
to find practically no combat, and
few military. planes Of any kind, in
the air or on the ground. Albrook,
on the Pacific side of the Canal Zone.
is the only active airfield. Although
the exact number is military secret,
there are comparatively few soldiers
stationed in the immediate area.
Our military authorities point out
that the whole pattern of warfare
has changed and our defense
setup is on a totally different basis
than it was in World War II. At the
present time there is no unfriendly
nation or power close enough to the
Americas to deliver a large-scale sur
prise attack on Panama or any other
nation of the hemisphere.
Calculated Risk
Every one here admits that there is,
and always will be, a certain cal
culated risk in defending and pro-
tecting the locks, dams, powerhouses
and delicate installations of the
Canal. Destruction of the giant Mad
den Dam, miles in the interior, which
conSerVeS the enormous amounts of
water to feed the locks, would be just
as damaging as the destruction of an
installation along the big ditch" it
self. No one rules out the possibility
OF a civilian enemy plane taking off
from nearby country and dropping
a bomb, atomic or otherwise, or a
modern submarine Sneaking close
Evening star., 1952-03-02

Of the Egyptian attacks on the Brit
isl1 at the Suez Canal. At least one
paper, La Hora, recently called for
the. Decentralization OF the wa
terway.
On top Of all this, former President
Arnulfo Arias. who had been inn
prisoned since the bloody revolution
Of May, 1850, was released from
prison and "absolved Of all crimes"
Arnulfo has been q disturbing i'm
fluence In the nation ever since 194l,
when he was oyerthrown the first
time and accused Of conniving with
the Axis powers.
In the opinion Of the most re-
sponsihle people, all these develop
ments have explosive possibilities. AS
one high Latin American diplomatic
oflcial put It: "You cannot expect
that Moscow will remain aloof from
such q set Of circumstances. They
are made to order for Communist
propagandists and saboteurs. In
tense situation such as this. some ,in-
toward incident. like the murder of
o key political leader, Q student, or
some other prominent individual,
could easily be the spark that would
touch Of con1lagration."
u. S. Reossuronces
However. at the moment, no repre-.
sentative of the United States Gov.
ernment. either diplomat or Canal
oflcial. Is losing an opportunity to
reason with and reassure responsible
Panamanians as to our Intentions.
The United States Government Is
trying to help out in the present eco
nomic difficulties. Ambassador John
G. Wiley, considered by every one as
the ableSt envoy we have ever had
here, not only has the confidence and
respect Of the Government and the
responsible leaders and businessmen
Of Panama. but Of the general public
as well.
The Institute Of American Affairs,
the Latin American organization
handling the point-four program, is
spending upwards Of 100000 a year
AZ y 4OA48 48s1hAAS0 pIUSIALu O1 COeUpeIhs
ton with Panamanian officials, edu-
Gators, farmers and others In an at
tempt to improve the social and eco
nonlic conditions Of the little re-
public.
Treoding Lightly
In its new $50 million housing
program, the Panama Canal Co. is
buying every material and product
possible from the Panamanians.
The greatest care is also being
exercised by our people-the Canal
company, the Army, Navy, Air Force
and the American Embassy-in CO.
ordinating statements and policies
which in any way affect relations
between Panama and the United
States. This is done to prevent any
act or incident on our part that may
give rise to bad feeling between the
two communities or to supply an ex-
cuse for the enemies of peace and
public order to make trouble.
Evening star., 1952-03-02
Boy Bundists Harry Philadelphia

Hitler's "Mein 'Kampf" has been
reIegated to the back shelves in most
libraries. 1t is looked upon by ra-
tional men as document containing
q lesson, not a message. But the virus
that infected 'Mein Kampf's" author
Is not dead everywhere in the land, as
recent Philadelphia eventS-large-
ly unnoticed elsewhere-nave demon
Strated.
On the night Of January is syna-
gogue was invaded and desecrated.
Only two windows survived; pews were
smashed to SplinterS, and two seven
armed candelabra, replicas of those
In the Temple of Jerusalem. were de-
molished. Prayer books were strewn
over the floors and the place, in gen.
eral, was reduced to a shambles.
Three nights later a gasoline filled
milk bottle was hurled through a
window of another Jewish temple.
Only quick work by the rabbi and
men meeting upstairs saved the Syna-
gogue from destruction by fire.
Rabbi Isadore Budick of the second
temple told police of two other acts
of vandalism on the same day-a
stone through a window and, less
than an hour later, chunk of con-
crete through another window
Roundup Of VondoIs
Two patrolmen assigned to the case
recalled that on the previous night
they had seen two boys walking along
the street with a bottle of gasoline.
This observation resulted in round
up of q neighborhood youngsters.
One finally confessed to helping at
tack the synagogue. They had planned
for weeks to burn down the temple.
he said. and they had others marked
for destruction. Thus was the first
light shed on case that was to blow
the lid off Philadelphia's most per-
picking juvenile problem in years.
The public's first inkling of the
seriousness of the situation came on
January 80. when the Philadelphia
Inquirer told of police investigation.
into reports of Hitlerlike youth
movement in one public high school.
The rumors had told of secret
meetings in which boys wearing
swastika armbands, goose stepped
with the precision of storm troopers
and barked Hell Hitler with the
customary arm-thrust salute.
Bundists' Work Seen
Police said that remnants of the
diScredited German-American BlInd
of prewar days might be recruiting
and training the young vandals.
The district attorneys Office said
that about 80 boys we're known to be
wearing Nazi armbands and terroriz-
ing students. On two occasions the
gang was known to have defiled q
Jewish synagogue It further was
revealed that five Of the youths were
Of German parentage and the parent
Evening star., 1952-03-02
1t Might Reed: As Goes Maine, So Whot?'

The time has come to consign to
the ash-heap of outworn political
maxims that famous phrase seldom
heard in Democratic Party circles
LAS goes Maine. so goes the Nation"
This old saw is traced by Mencken
to 1888. It's one of those wise
sounding aphorisms that get uttered
over and over again until they are
accepted as gospel. It gives the i'm
preston that Names voting record
in presidential years is handy
barometer of national political opin-
ion. Actually, Maine Is one Of the
wronger guessers in presidential
elections.
Probably the phrase resulted from
the fact that. uniquely among States.
Names general election is held be-
fore the traditional first Tuesday
after the first Monday in November"
This year. Maine votes September 8.
Aside from this fact of early voting,
there is no reason why the cliche-
bound coast Of Maine should be
dragged into the political, lexicon On
the score of infallibility, Maine is tied
with Nebraska for 29th place: the
Pine Tree State has voted the wrong
way in one election for every two
times it has voted right.
Although there is no point in using
any other State as q barometer-by
the time another States returns are
in. the election is settled anyway
the Far West is the best region to
watch for straws In the wind, at least
on the basis Of past performance.
Since 1904. the present manner Of
electing Presidents has been followed
with only minor exceptions. The
electoral vote Of the State goes to
Evening star., 1952-03-02

tries. follow in that order. The aver
ages Of the top six all exceed 1886.
Getting back to Maine, that over
rated political barometer has voted
in 80 presidential elections. but has
been right only % times, for an
average of .667. Five Of Names er-
rors. incidentally. were committed in
the last five elections, when the Ma
ton went Democratic.
The epigrammatic needle was
jabbed in the Maine maxim in 1896.
when former Postmaster General Jim
Farley observed: "As goes Maine, so
goes Vermont" That was the year
when Franklin D. Roosevelt got 523
electoral votes to for ALI Lam
don, the Republicans coming
from Maine (5) and Vermont go.
Actually, Mr.. Farley's revision Of
the "as goes Maine" saw is only
slightly more accurate than the origi-
nal version. Vermont has an even
worse record than Maine, calling its
shots wrong Is times out of 81 for
an average of .594. But Vermont, at
least, has been consistent: the Green
Mountain State has voted Republi-
can in every election since the pres
ent G. o. P.-Democratic lineup came
into being in 1856. Maine, on the
other hand. deserted the Republican
column once, in 1912. As q result of
the Bull Moose split in the Republic
can Party that year. Names vote
went to the Democrat, woodrow
Wilson.
About the best thing that can be
done with the "aS Maine goes" say
ing is to revise 1t again: "As Maine
goes, 30 goes the Nation-when the
Nation goes Republican usually" Or
better yet, forget about It.
Evening star., 1952-03-02

it be the States, which asked for the
convention, or the Federal Govern
ment, since Congress issued the call?
The biggest question of all would
arise when the convention finally
assembled. How far could it go in
proposing amendments? Most au-
thorities agree that there is no limit
to what q constitutional convention
could do to the Constitution. If it
desired, 1t could submit to the people
an entirely rewritten Constitution.
by amendment. It would not be linn
tied to one question--such as limiting
income taxes to IS per cent.
Sky's the Limit
The body could run wild, and draw
up an entirely new set Of laws for the
country. It would have unlimited
time In which to work-since there
Is nothing which says how long It
shall remain in effect. It could keep
itself permanently on tap. meeting
when 1t felt another change was
needed In the Constitution.
There is no precedent for this stu.
alton on q national level. But State
constitutional conventions have often
run wild" A constitutional conven.
ton In Ohio In 1912 put AZ amend.
ments before Ohio voters. When the
Illinois constitutional convention met
In 1920. the convention bulletin con-
tanned this statement:
"The long intervals which elapSe
between the meetings Of constitu-
tional conventions make 1t desirable
that the convention should undertake
q complete re-examination Of the ex-
isting constitution in order to make
changes either Of addition or Of omis.
sion which may have become neces-
sary since the framing of the present
constitution" +.
The Indiana constitutional conven.
ton Of 1911 presented q completely
rewritten constitution to the voters.
The voters rejected it. In 1928. the
Virginia Legislature proposed series
of amendments amounting to q
general revision Of the State con-
stitution. These were accepted by the
electorate.
Ratification Needed t
It Is to be noted that the State
constitutional conventions did not
have the final say about the amend
ments they drew up. Neither would
a national one. The Constitution
explicitly provides for submission OF
such conventions work to the LegiS-
latures or to State conventions called
to ratify the proposals. Three-fourths
of the States must approve the con-
Stitutional conventions work.
State constitutional conventions
have run into operational difficulties.
The Illinois convention Of 1870 spent
days arguing about the oath to be
taken by delegates.
One more point: II, as a result Of
a convention call, the Constitution
were amended to limit income taxes
to Is per cent, it would be the first
case in history Of amending an amend
ment. And this might give rise to
further legal wranglng. One amend
ment, the 18th. has been repealed but
that is not the same thing.
All in all, it adds up to a sum Of
chaos which the benefits of the best
amendment in the world would have
a hard time balancing. ..*