davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-06-29
Roinnnokiing
Homemade CIoudbursts Seem Possible;
But Whole New CIimote Isn't Likely
By Charles Cooke

Many non-scientific citizens,
including this reporter. have
cherished the illusion that rain-
making is simple procedure.
consisting of flying an airplane
over a nice, soggy cloud, drop
ping a few grains Of something
or other into it. and Zut!-or
pouf!-it rains.
It's not as simple as that.
In fact, rainmaking isn't simple
at all. That was clear after
last week.
It all began with the an
nouncement, early in the week.
that the Senate had voted, and
sent to the House, a bill to set
up q Government committee to
look into the whole subject Of
rainmaking. It was to be a
high-level committee if there
ever was one. including the
Secretaries Of Defense. Interior,
Agriculture and Commerce.
News items about the new COM
mittee mentioned DR.. Irving
Langmuir's claims that he had
created a Nationwide pattern
of rainfall. weather Bureau
scoffs," added the news items,
bluntly.
This reporter, sensing a fight,
possibly with water pistols,
thought the least he could do
was to check. more or less in
stantly, into the rainmakers
VS.. Weather Bureau fracas and
find out what was what.
The Man to See
It turned out that the
Weather Bureau man to see
about rainmaking is not F. w.
Reichelderfer. the bureau chief.
but Ferguson Hall, a special as
sistant to the chief.
why does the Weather Bu-
reau scoff?" your reporter asked
MIR. Hall, as soon as he was
seated in the latter's Office at
Twenty-fourth and M.
Mr.. Hall, an amiable. erudite
gentleman who has studied nat
tural rainfall-in the form Of
thunderstorms and typhoons-
as intensively as he has studied
artificial rainmaking. puffed his
cigarette six times before reply
ing.
Its a big subject" he said,
finally, land the first thing I
want to say is that the Weather
Bureau doesn't scoff at cloud
seeding as such. Great credit
is due DR.. Langmuir and his
associate, DR.. Vincent Schaefer.
for originating cloud-seeding in
1946. They seeded cloud with
dry ice near Schenectady, N. Y,
and got some snow to fall from
it, but it was virga."
1T was what?"
"Virga. That's rain or snow
that evaporates before it reaches
the ground. Let me explain.
Take the various types of con-
vective clouds-cumulus humi-
lus. cumulus congestus. cumulus
pileus but perhaps you
ought to glance. first, at some
of these Weather Bureau pam
phlets. They explain about
rain"
well, I declared" declared
the. reporter. who, having sud-
denly developed a brand-new
respect for rain, was now ner-
vously lingering IAN Appraisal
of Cloud Seeding as a Means
of Increasing Precipitation"
which referred, in one asteriSked
footnote, to "Experimentelle
Evening star., 1952-06-29
By WiIIiom Hines

dertook to show the charges up
as lies. From being the defend
ant - as Russia hoped she
would be-America became the
prosecutor. That was not to Mr..
Malik's liking. So he used all
the slow-moving machinery of
the Council, plus his own OBJ
Structive talents, to keep the
prosecution from getting started.
Ernest Gross. the United
States delegate, likened Mr..
Malik's tactics to his perform
ance two years ago. He said the
Russian could delay the pro-
ceedings, but could not stop
progress forever. =
lote Arrival
But, last week, Mr.. Malik was
doing his best to do just that.
The meeting under discussion
here was called for 3 o'clock in
the afternoon. Mr.. Malik ar
rived at 3:06. followed at three
pace intervals by three aides,
each carrying O bag. The en-
trance resembled that Of a
theatrically minded golf star,
Striding onto the first tee with
three caddies carrying his clubs.
English language listeners.
tuned to channel No. 2 on the
headsets provided at each spec
tator's seat. heard a simultane-
GUS translator repeat, in Eng
lish, Mr.. Malik's machine-gun
Russian: "As president, I de-
clare open the 580th meeting of
the Security Council" Channel
/ is a direct broadcast of the
speakers remarks, regardless of
the language being used. Chan
mel 2 is the English channel, as
mentioned above: 3 is for
French, 4 for Russian. 5 for
Spanish and 6 for Chinese. The
speakers words 60 out over his
own language channel, so that
when Mr.. Malik spoke. he
could be heard on / and 4, and
when Mr.. Gross talked, his
words came over l and 2. There
was nothing said that day in any
language except Russian and
English.
Mr.. Malik dived Immediately
Evening star., 1952-06-29

NEW YORK.-The United
States Senate probably can
retain claim to the title of "the
greatest deliberative body in the
world" But the United Nations
Security Council is by all odds
the most deliberate deliberative
body.
It takes no more than a couple
of hours in the galleries of the
Security Council to get this
impression. To a person Injured
to watching the Senate 60 its
poky way about its business, it
comes as a distinct shock to find
a parliamentary body making
even less progress.
Low Gear
The Security Council has a
built-in low gear that keeps it.
even at best, from doing much
in the space of an afternoon.
This gear is the trilingual record
kept by the Council of all its
proceedings. When, on top Of
this cumbersome method of do
ing business, there is added the
desire of a delegate to obstruct
progress. things really grind to
q halt.
That Is what happened last
week in the sleekly beautiful
Security Council chamber over
looking New York's East River.
Jacob Malik. Soviet Russia's
adept parliamentarian, was in
the chair-just as he had been
in August, 1850, when the Sc
curity Council grappled with the
problem of the Korean war.
There have been, over a period
of several months. many charges
made by the Reds that the
United States was using germ
warfare in Korea. Every one in
a position of responsibility in
the American Government has
denied the charges categor-
ically. Still the Reds shout
"germs"-so loudly that many
people have come to fear the
Communists may be thinking Of
launching that inhuman form Of
warfare themselves.
This month, in the Security
Council, the United States un-
Evening star., 1952-06-29

to see that they correctly re-
f1ected Mr.. Malik's remarks.
Delegates got up and walked
around, held impromptu pow
vows, went out for a smoke, or
just relaxed.
All Business
Not Mr.. Malik. The new
Soviet man" is all business. In
ceSSantly he made notes for his
next speech. Occasionally he
would scan a piece of paper, put
his pencil to it, scribble some
thing, and then make a rapid
series Of checkmarkS.
Mr.. Gross got the floor when
the translations ended. He said
that debate in the Council
would not establish either the
truth or falsity of the charges.
He wanted the agenda adopted
as drawn up. SO that business
could get under way. Mr..
Gross remarks were not long,
either. But they had to be
translated. BY the time the
translations were over, it was
$3.50. Forty-four minutes had
elapsed since the session
opened. Essentially, nothing
had been done except for a sin
gle brief interchange between
two men.
The Soviet delegate said that,
apparently, the American dele
gate either did not understand
or was concealing his under
standing of the point under dis
cussion. II will" said Mr..
Malik, make a more detailed
explanation"
For the first few minutes of
his speech, Mr.. Malik was cold
and impassive. But he warmed
up as he got into the meat of
his argument. "The American
position is crude-arbitrary," he
said, swinging his right arm far
out to the side.
Trumon Chop-Chop
"You might do that In the
North Atlantic bloc, but not in
the Security Council, Mr..
Gross" he said, swinging his
left a1A far out to the side.
I'm what court does the Judge
listen to but one side?' he said,
Evening star., 1952-06-29

Untersuchungen ueber die At
nlosphaerische Eisteilchenbil-
dung" by w. Findeisen, and, in
another, to Nicer Zonneschijn
In Het Nevelig Noorden Nicer
Reeen in de Tropen," by A. Vart.
Getting back to rainmaking, /"
said your reporter. what is it.
then, that the Weather Bureau
takes a cloudy view OFF,"
"Of the claims made by rain
makers" said Mr.. Hall firmly.
'Dr. Langmuir and the bureau
are good friendS-we constantly
exchange information and ideas
but the bureau disagrees, and
he knows it. with his claim that
he can create Nationwide large
scale weather effects with his
cloud-Seeding. We've followed
DR.. Langmuir's experiments very
closely, even to participating in
some Of them. We've followed
HowelPs work in New York. and.
insofar as they will give us the
necessary data, that of DR..
Krick, Eugene Bollay Of Pasa-
dena and the others.
And it is our considered
opinion that"
He paused.
"Yes?" whispered your re-
porter.
that. given especially fav-
orable climatic conditions, a
certain amount of precipitation
can sometimes be produced To-
cally. Any claims beyond that
are, we believe, unrealistic."
Pro- -Roinmoking
do you feel that the Senate's
proposed committee to investi-
gate rainmaking would be q
good thing?"
Definitely. It would tend to
clear the air. One thing 1t
could do would be to force GER
tain rainmakers. who are secre-
tive about their methods but
excessive in their claims. to
come out in the open on all
aspects of their work-thus per-
mitting it to be scientifically
investigated"
by the Weather Bureau?"
by the Weather Bureau. The
scientific approach is the only
valid one in this thing. For
instance, if you seed cloud you
can, true enough. convert a por-
ton of it to ice crystals, but, at
best, this only triggers the re-
lease of precipitation from ex-
isting super er-cooleds. It's i'm
portant to know these things.
You invariably find the unscien-
tific approach when you look
behind grandiose claims. prov
ably fake methods, and such
extravagances as the claims of
this new outfit in Yakima.
Wash. which says it can stop
rain"
Now that is a new twist"
"Oh, yes. They say they've
developed a method Of cloud
dispersal which, using 'chemi-
Gals which act like sponges in
drying up Clouds can parch
nations or entire continents.
There's a war on out there be-
tween the self-styled parchers.
working for the cherry growers,
who want dry weather, and
rainmakers, working for the
wheat growers, who want rain"
What is your"
mo you don't!" said Mr.. Hall.
THAT. my friend, is one fight
the Weather Bureau is going to
stay out Of"
Evening star., 1952-06-29
By Francis P. Douglas


product would be accompanied.
however. by a rise Of only so
to 60 per cent in the amount OF
materials fed into the economy.
The discrepancy is explained
by the fact that most of the in
crease in the national product
will take the form Of processing
and services.
But a SO per cent increase In
demand for materials Is a big
increase to a materials deficit
Nation.
10 Per Cent Deficit
This deficit condition. the
commission pointed out, has
been building up for some time.
At the start of this century We
were producing about Is per
cent more raw materials, ex-
cluding food, than we consumed.
BY 1850 we were consuming 10
per cent more than we pro-
duced.
Where once we were the
worlds largest exporter OF cop
per, lead and zinc. now we i'm
port huge quantities. Further
more, our technology has outrun
our domestic supplies. We need
columbium and cobalt to alloy
steel so that it will Withstand
the high temperatures Of jet
engines. We depend on foreign
sources for those metals.
OF about 100 minerals we use
in industry only about a third
are supplied at home. For an
other third we depend on both
home and foreign sources. For
the final third we must depend
on foreign sources alone.
Thus the forces causing the
materials problem will increase,
not lessen, the commission
warns. It wastes no anguish on
extravagant uses Of materials
in the past. It comedies that
past practices were economical
at the time and have given US
our extraordinary development.
Hoarding Of bayberries for can
dies and whale oil for lamps. 1t
points out. would have penalized
the conservationists Of the time
and meant nothing to future
generations which used coal oil.
gas and electricity.
Next Moves
But what, now. are we to do?
The commission maps three
major courses:
/. Step up our exploration for
new domestic sources Of mate
rials and make more efiicient
use Of the materials we have.
The commission points out that
only IL per cent Of the area Of
the United States has been
adequately mapped geologically.
Below the ores to which we
have been led by the outcrop-
ping my be found more like
the oKeJ We now mine. Also.
Evening star., 1952-06-29

into the business at hand. It
had to do, he said, with charges
arising from American inter-
vention in the domestic affairs
of the Korean people" Like
Mr.. Gross, he wanted an inves-
tigation. But he wanted the
agenda amended 50 as to invite
the North Koreans and Red
Chinese to participate In Sc
curity Council sessions on the
charges.
AS he spoke. the amazing
simultaneous translators fol-
lowed the stocky Russians
speech. hardly more than Q
Evening star., 1952-06-29

surprising many observers with
perfect duplicate Of President
Truman's famous chop-chop
gesture.
BY this time, Mr.. Malik was
up to his beltline in dialectic.
The delegates, wearing curious
little single ear pieces that At
in, rather than on. the ear. sat
in various attitudes of ease,
looking like so many somnolent.
hard-of-hearing men. For all
the mind-changing that was be-
ing done by either Mr.. Malik or
Mr.. Gross, their auditors might
as well have been deaf.
AS the Russian got really
steamed up. bright lights would
go on for a minute or so and
newsreel men in a glassed-in
booth overlooking the Council
would take few feet of film.
Then the lights would go down
again.
Coddies Return
At 4:22 Mr.. Malik was fin
ished. Two of his caddies, who
had absented themselves dur
ing his speech. returned with
papers-presumably the Word
from Moscow. The English
translation began. Mr.. Gross
and his British colleague, Sir
Gladwyn Jebb. chatted amiably.
The Nationalist Chinese sat
quietly. Mr.. Malik stopped max
ing notes and stared at the gal
lery. The gallery stared back.
The English translator wound
up at 4:46. What it had taken
Mr.. Malik 80 minutes to say
in Russian took only "a min
utes in English. One wondered
whether this proved English to
be a more economical Ian
guage than Russian, or whether
the American was just talking
faster. The French transla-
ton. which followed. took 20
minutes.
AS the voice Of the French
translator died down. the hands
OF the clock pointed to sos. Ex-
actly two hours had passed
since the meeting opened. And
the Security Council was ex-
actly where 1t had been l20
minutes before.
Evening star., 1952-06-29

Will our position as a mate
rails deficit Nation bring down
our standard of living by 1875.
cause our economy to slow down
and weaken the economic foun-
dationS of our national security?
The answer lies with the
American people. President Tru-
mans Materials Policy Commis-
sion believes. The commission.
headed by William S. Paley.
chairman Of the Columbia
Broadcasting System. issued its
comprehensive and carefully
studied report last week.
To avoid the fate its question
implies, the commission charts
o course which promises no
simple or easy cure. It is rather
like a physicians prescription
for a heart patient, under which
the patient may expect to live
to a ripe old age-if he fol-
lows 1t.
Insidious Threot
Also like the physician, the
commission takes no alarmist
attitude. Do not expect. it said,
to wake up some day and find
out we have run out of mate
rialS. Absolute shortages are not
the threat. The real threat lies
in the "insidiously" rising costs
which stem from the lack of
abundance we have been accus-
toned to.
When it speaks of costs the
commission does not refer to
dollar costs, but rather to real
COSTS" This term Of the econo-
mist refers to the hours of work
and the amount of capital need
ed to bring pound of industrial
material or a unit Of energy
INTO useful form.
n So far in our economy, these
costs have been declining. At
the same time our standard Of
living has been rising. But
now the commission finds rea-
son to suspect the decline has
been slowed, even stopped in
some areas. In still other areas,
there seems to be an upswing
in costs.
35-Hour Week
Looking ahead to 1875 the
commission makes some aSSump-
tions. Among them are q popu-
lation Of 1913 million compared
with ISL million in 1850. and .
work force of 80 million against
q 1850 force Of 50 million. It
foresees also q somewhat larger
increase in man-hour produc-
tivity than In the past and Q
shorter work week, perhaps
about IS hours.
The gross national product
the total output Of all goods
and services-was $3.50 billion
In 1850. The assumption is that
this will be about double-$566
billion-7in 1915. measured In
1850 d0nars.
The Increase In the national
Evening star., 1952-06-29

breath behind him. He spoke
for about 10 minutes. The si-
multaneous tranSlators finished
one breath later. There was
little delay here, to be sure. But
then the consecutive transla-
ton" followed. This was the
translation for the official rec
ord. First In English. then in
French. the remarks Of Mr..
Malik were transmitted to the
spectators and participants
headSets. Procedure was at a
standstill In this period. Pre-
sumably, one Of Mr.. Malik's
staff checked the translations
Evening star., 1952-06-29

torted. "are the only meat ball.
And a darned small meat ball,
too, a very insignificant meat
ball."
Unconstitutional?
For the most part, though,
such lively exchanges have been
absent. The main job facing
Mr.. Brown, who heads the hear
ing panel as well as the board,
has been to ease the lawyers
out Of their point-of-law
debates and back to the subject
under discussion.
Mr.. Marcantonio, who fought
the McCarran act tooth-and-
nail before losing his House seat
two years ago, claims the courts
will overturn it on constitutional
grounds If the party case gets
that far. But on the immedi-
ate issue, he contends the Gov
ernment has failed to prove the
party Is anything but an auton-
Evening star., 1952-06-29

board is expected to deliberate
a couple of months and then
either order the Communist
Party to register as a "Commu-
mist action" organization or re-
ject the contention of the JUS
tice Department that the party
is controlled by q foreign
country.
GIobol Treochey
The anti-Red procedure is
spelled out in the McCarran Act
of 1850. Briefly, the act af11rms
the existence Of a worldwide
Communist movement, aiming
to set up a global reign through
"treachery, deceit and infiltra-
ton" The American party
should be forced to register"
the law says. if the Government
can prove it is participating in
the movement, and is dominated
by the foreign power directing
it. Registering includes submit
ting a roster of its members and
labelling all Of its publications.
If the board is able to estab-
lish this link of the American.
Communist Party with Moscow.
Communist front" groups then
will be brought before the board.
The Government will attempt to
prove that these fronts" in
turn, are working for the Ameri-
can Communist Party. If con-
victed. these fronts" also will
have to register.
Public fanfare accompanying
the windup of direct testimony
in the present hearings is COM
parable to that usually reserved
for a not-very-exciting police
court case. The reasons are
pretty clear:
The snail-pace testimony has
dragged through about 125 ses-
sions and nearly $4,000 pages Of
transcript. Most of the Is wit
nesses-and most Of their sto-
ries-are old stuff to followers
of CP investigations. Bickering
over legal points, with an OBJ
vious eye to an appeal and
long court battle, has slowed
the proceedings.
John j. Abt. former New Deal
lawyer, himself accused of hav-
ing been a Communist. has
handled the bulk Of the lawbook
work for the party's side. But its
star performer has been MIR.
Marcantonio, New York's color
full left-wing flag bearer and
former Representative.
Ace Prosecutor
His chief opponent, and tenn
permentally they couldn't be
more different, is lanky william
A. Paisley. One Of the Justice
Departments ace prosecutors.
his victories include 1947 Gov
ernment convictions against for
mer Boston Mayor Jim Curley
and against former Representa-
tive Andrew May and the Cars
son brothers.
"The Marc" calls Mr.. Paisley
"the Mississippi fllibusterer."
and never misses q cue when
the Deep South is mentioned.
In nIaa fnnoile -in.chaak aNcilsa.
Evening star., 1952-08-04
Bridge Tourney Goes
Into Extra Sessions
ey ,hs Asseeic,sd. p,sss

CINCINNATI. Aug. 4.-Th.
summer national tournament
sponsored by the American Con,
tract Bridge League goes into
extra sessions here today and to-
morrow to determine the, masters
team championship.
Eight teams enter into semi.
finals today. Finals win be helt
tomorrow.
The winner win. represent the
United States In q world cham'
lpionship match at New York II
October. =
The nine-day bridge tourney
oficially was to end last night
but the hot. masters race over
flowed into extra sessions,
Yesterday. William Joseph o1
Paterson, N. j., and w. w. Jack
son Of Brockport. NJ Y, won thu
masters pairs championship witt
q total Of 800 points.
Howard Schenken Of New Yorl
City and John r. Crawford o.
philadelphia took runner VI
|honors with 1884 points.
Third place went to Arthur
Glatt Of Chicago and Albert Weiss
Of Miami. Fla. with 293 points.
Evening star., 1952-08-04
|Yoshida Terms Police
Cornerstone Of Army
sy ihs A,.eeIa,.d p,..,

oy ihs Asseeiaisd Press
TOKYO. Aug. 4.-Prime Min.
lister shigeru Yoshida today said
openly for the first time that ia.
pans National Police Reserve ID
the cornerstone Of the new
army"
Since the reserve was formed
about two years ago. the Prime
Minister, mindful Of constitutions
clauses that renounce war and
ban armed forces, had insisted
that the reserve and the japanese
coast guard were not truly mill
ltary.
Newspapers and opposition
party members suggested he be
more realistic.
Today Mr.. Yoshida. director
general Of the new security board
formed to head up the two. forces
told star ofncers on the board:
"To organize new armed forces
training Of officers is the first
problem. One cannot raise an
army simply by drafting men. The
security board was opened for the
purpose Of creating q new army
Your duty Is to become the COR
lnerstone Of the new army.
"The United States wishes tc
withdraw its garrison as soon al
possible. and therefore wishes
Japan to build her own armed
forces"
Evening star., 1952-08-04
Ex-Moyor Cash Of Cincinnati
And GIN Executive Drown ]
z Companions Soved
After Waves Upset
Boot in Michigan
Dy the Assoeiatsd Press

BELLAIRE, Mich, Aug. A.
Albert d. Cash, 81. a former mayor
Of Cincinnati. and G. M. Haley. q
General Motors Corp. executive.
lost their lives when their fishing
boat upset in nearby Torch Lake
late Saturday.
Two companions were rescued
after the party's 16-foot metal
boat was swamped by high waves
on the wind-whipped lake.
The body Of Mr.. Cash. who
served as mayor Of Cincinnati
from 1948 to last December. was
recovered early yesterday. Police
still were searching for Mr.. Haley's
body yesterday.
Antrim County Sheriff Howard
E. Tanner said Mr.. Cash may have
died of a heart attack following
exposure in the cold water. He
was found afioat with q boat
cushion under his head. Mr..
Haley, director of purchases for
the Chevrolet division of Gen.
Ieral Motors. was unable to swim.
The men were pitched into the
deep waters Of the lake about a
mile OF the west shore.
Prof. Roy McDuffy of the Uni-
versity of Cincinnati swan ashore
after being in the water four
hours.
Joseph A. Lambert. Al, Of Gin
cinnati. a brother-in-law Of MIR.
Cash. chung to an air cushion
NEARLY seven hours before he was
picked up by a rescue party.
Mr.. Haley was the fourth top
General Motors official to die vio-
lently in the last three weeks.
Arnold L. Lenz, general man.
ager of the Pontiac division, was
killed in an auto-train collision
July 13. Charles r. Culhane and
A. M. Jones Of the United Motor
Service division were found slain
July 81 in Oregon. q,