davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-01-20

April on a date yet to be picked; Illi-
nois. April 8; New Jersey, April Is;
Pennsylvania, April az; Massachu-
sets. April 20; Maryland, May 5;
Florida and Ohio. May 6; West vir-
ginia. May 13: Oregon. May 16. and
California and South Dakota. June 3.
In the other States. Republicans
and Democrats will hold State con-
ventions to select delegates to their
national conventions in Chicago.
Wisconsin First
Critics of these State conventions
argue that they do not give the public
enough say in the selection Of presi-
Dental candidates. It was at the
turn OF the century that primary
elections won favor as O means Of
getting away from politics In what
later were to become known as
smoke-flled rooms.
Wisconsin made the plunge in 1905,
passing q law requiring election of
delegates to the national conventions.
Pennsylvania and South Dakota
passed similar laws soon afterward.
In 1910, Oregon added the idea of
having the public vote directly on
candidates for the presidential nomi-
nations.
BY 1915. primary elections were
the law in "a States. There was q
great campaign for Nation wide pri-
marieS that would nominate presi-
Dental candidates-and thus make
the national political conventions as
routine as the present electoral coll
lege. Both the Democratic and Re-
publican national platforms faeored
such plan. But Congress did not
have the power to pass national
law: Under the Constitution-the
States regulate voting procedures. So
the whole drive collapsed and States
began to back away from the idea Of
primaries.
Voting Is Light
The electorate itself has not been
overly enthusiastic toward primaries.
Voting in them is consistently light
in comparison to the ballot in the
final elections. An example Is the
1914 Wisconsin primary that per-
suaded Willkie to quit the race. The
Republican vote there was barely
one-fifth as large as the G. o. r.
tally In the presidential election that
followed.
Nevertheless. the public joins the
politicians in watching the primaries
to see how the wind is blowing. The
primaries smoke out preconvention
sentiment among candidates as well
as voters.
In 194S, for instance, supporters Of
Gen. Eisenhower entered his name in
the New Hampshire Republican pri-
mary. Gen. Eisenhower. then Army
Chief Of STAFF. hastened to announce
that he was not interested LII politics.
The Eisenhower boom died. This
year. Gen. Eisenhower's name again
was put up for the New Hampshire
ballot. This time. what the general
said put him In the race. ~
But, New Hampshire is only one
primary. And, In the end, 1t b the
convention which win decide who
wins regardless Of tho pfimAries.
Evening star., 1952-01-20

the tuition regularly charged nom
veterans, with yearly ceiling Of
$500. This would have the effect Of
making the veteran police the educa-
tional program himself by making
him responsible for getting his
moneys worth.
Many Congressman object to the
easy:going attitude of the original
bill on the length of time CT can
study. Under the old formula, a GI
with 81 days service could get Is
months education. And-it is pointed
out-many men who were discharged
with that little service either had two
left feet or psychoneurotic disorders
that would make them Of doubtful
efficiency as students.
Old Maximum 48 Months
At the other extreme, the maximum
under the old formula-for a man
who served over three years-was 48
months Of education. On the average,
it takes only SO school months-four
years at nine months year-to get
a bachelors degree. So high school
graduate with the maximum not only
could become a B. A., he could 60 on.
get masters degree and be three
months into a, ,doctorate under the old
deal. And. generally speaking, he
Evening star., 1952-01-20
BY William A. MiIIen

mails. they are sent to the National
Geological Park.
The District Court docket reveals
some of the articles that find their
way into litigation that Mrs. Reed
handles. under the direction of
United States Attorney Charles M.
Irelan. One case, still pending. is
labeled: United States VS.. IS gallons
each of mo Odor" disinfectant.
Among the subjects Of litigation
here are: Welsh rarebit. 13 cases
of tuna fish, fruit cake, French dress
ing, eggs, dandruff shampoo with
hair conditioner, green headless
shrimp, grape juice. five unlabeled
bottles each containing 1000 orange
Evening star., 1952-12-08
Unpopu|arity Of u. 5.
Held Rising Abroad

America is becoming increas-
ingly unpopular in Europe. a meet
ing on The Prospect for Peace"
was told here yesterday.
The session was sponsored by
the. Washington Pacifist Fellow
ship, the Washington Friends
Joint Peace Committee and the
Calvary Baptist Church.
Milton Mayer. former journalist
recently returned from year as
a guest lecturer in German uni
versities, gave three reasons why
America is not liked by Europeans.
These are;
/. We are the rich. Nobody
loves the rich, he said.
2. Europeans feel we have be-
trayed them. He cited the com
pletely callous" reversal of Amer
lean policy in Germany at the
beginning of the cold war-from
anti-militarism to approval of
militarism.
3. The fear of war. The Euro
peans would rather live on their
knees than die on their feet" ;"
according to Mr.. Mayer. He said
Americans feel just the opposite.
Evening star., 1952-12-08
BY the Associated Press

TUCSON, Ariz., Dec. S.-Gov.
Earl Warren of California said
last night he would not appoint
himself to fill the Senate seat
which Vice President-elect Nixon
will vacate in January.
Il want to select a compara-
lively young man who will have
an opportunity to accumulate
Evening star., 1952-12-08
Pearl Horbor Day Is Observed
At Arlington Cemetery Service
Eisenhower Message
Reed at Ceremony
Conducted by Amvets

The 18th anniversary Of Pearl
Harbor was marked yesterday in
a valley crowded with the graves
of Americans who died in the
war which followed it.
/ Representatives of the armed
forces, veterans organizations and
Iunforgetful citizens attended
services in Arlington Cemetery
sponsored by Amvets.
They met at the monument to
the men of the USS Serpens. tor-l
jpedoed by the Japanese with loss
of all aboard, to hear Rabbi Nor
Iris Adler declare:
This day should arouse in us
not emnity. anger nor vindictive-
ness. but the resolve to serve and
serve well that destiny which is
ours"
Rabbi Adler Of Detroit, Mich,
is national chaplain Of the Amvets.
Message From Eisenhower.
President-elect Eisenhower sent
the following message:
II regret that I cannot be with
you personally at Arlington Ma
tional Cemetery on Pearl Harbor
Day to pay my tribute to the he
roic men and women of our armed
forces who, at Pearl Harbor, made
the supreme sacrifice. May our
people never forget the priceless
devotion to duty of our fighting
men and the selflessness of those
who have foughtor are now fight
ing against Communist aggression
in Korea"
The address was made by Rear
Admiral George c. Wright, Navy
atomic energy director. He praised
the work of the reserves in the
different branches of the armed
forces during the war begun at
Pearl Harbor, and in the Korean
War.
Admiral Wright, who COM
manded the battleship Missouri
in action of Korea. called for the
maintenance of strong armed
forces and a strong reserve.
Admiral Wright is a brother of
James L. Wright. Washington COR
respondent of the Buffalo Eve
ming News. who died yesterday.
Mr.. Wright died shortly before
the Pearl Harbor ceremony and
the admiral went from Arlington
to his brothers home.
Taps by Bugler, 81.
An 81-year-old bugler achieved
his ambition to blow Taps" in
the cemetery during the services.
He is Frank Wirtz of Ionia, Mich.
Wreaths of red and white car
nations were placed on the Ser
pens monument by the District
Amvets, represented by Comdr.
Ollie Williams; National Amvets,
by Admiral Wright and Rabbi Ad-
ler, and the Amvets Auxiliary, by
Mrs. Lillian Garnett, past District
commander.
The Army Band from Fort Myer,
Va. and the Amvets National
Honor Guard also took part.
Evening star., 1952-12-08
Queen Dowoger Plons
ToSee Coronation on TV
By the Associated Press

LONDON, Dec. 8.-Queen Mary
has decided not to attend the
coronation next June of her
granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II.
because Of the state of her health,
informed sources said yesterday.
The Queen dowager, now 86,
was said to fear that the long
coronation ceremony would tax
her failing strength too much. A
television fan, she probably will
watch the ceremonies from her
home, Marlborough House, at
least so much of it as is televised.
Evening star., 1952-12-08
Japan Ignores Anniversary
OF Pearl Horbor Attack

TOKYO, Dec. 8 tP.-Newly in
dependent Japan yesterday large
ly ignored the 18th anniversary of
its sneak air attack on Pearl Har-
bor-an attack the nation seems
to regard as its gravest mistake.
None of Tokyo's big newspapers
mentioned the event. United
States military forces, here in the
status of security forces to defend
Japan, discreetly avoided taking
special notice of the anniversary
The nation that challenged the
United States with a disastrous
blow-December 7, Hawaii time
now appears firmly allied with her
conQueror.
Evening star., 1952-12-08
Warren Won't Name Self To Nixon Seat IN Senate

seniority in the Senate, Gov. War
rem said.
Gov. Warren was in this State
to attend the Western States Gov
ernors' conference, which opens
in Phoenix today.
Evening star., 1952-12-08
Pearl Harbor Shrine
Honoring Navy Dead
Is Started by DAv
BY the Asseeiofed Press

PEARL HARBOR, Dec. 8.-The
Navy issued a solemn warning
yesterday against "our avowed
enemy-creeping, insidiouS Com
muniSrn. hard, mean and ruth
less'-at ceremonies marking the
11th anniversary of the japanese
attack on Pearl Harbor.
Rear Admiral William X. Phil
lips. chief of staff to Admiral
Arthur w. Radford, the Nays
Pacific commander. said:
The United States may be the
last pinnacle of hope for the free
world. If We fall the world falls
with U.s."
Honor 1000 Sailors.
A misty rain fell on $50 men
and women gathered to honor the
memory of more than 1000 Navy
men who lost their lives in the
surprise attack that plunged the
United States into war.
It, was 7::55 ANIL years to
the minute from the Sunday that
will live in infamy."
Top civilian and military off,
cials were flanked by Waves and
sailors at attention. Planes roared
overhead.
Shrine Is Started.
After the speeches. a prayer and
an invocation, Floyd L. Ming,
national commander of the Dis
abled American Veterans, started
ground breaking ceremonies for
a shrine to honor the dead of the
United States Navy.
The DAV is sponsoring the
$4,000 shrine. When completed
some time next summer, a curved
ramp will extend into the waters
of the Pacific, with a permanent
buoy and plaque to the memory
of the war dead at it's end.
Evening star., 1952-12-08
Madison School PIuy

A Christmas play featuring a
chorus of 300 will be presented at
8 pm. Wednesday by students of
Madison Junior High School at
the school. 1900 Shirley highway,
Arlington.
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-16

he has no faith in the Nationalist
soldiers.
I'm afraid that two months aft
er they were put in the line they'd
be bought by the CommieS, and go
over to the other side, carrying
their arms with them," he said.
How widespread such views are
in the professional army have no
way of knowing. but there is a
growing impatience to do some
thing positive to wind up conflict
that has caused 12s,00 American
casualties in 80 months.
Perhaps the most meaningful
phrase in General Eisenhower s
statement was his reference to fu-
ture deeds TO be executed under
circumstances Of our own choos-
ing"
It is hard to interpret that in
any way except as a clear warn
ing to the Chinese Reds that coun-
ter-initiatiye steps are planned,
and they no longer viii call all the
tunes in Korea.
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-16

with the old, single-Shot pistol
Colts revolverS! He was almoSl
unable to credit the fact that there
were enough here for the entire
regiment. The Texas Rangers had
them, the army had a few, but
they were still so rare that they
were almoStmuSeum pieces. price,
less here on the bloody frontier.
Blair" he demanded. where
IN the name of God did these
come from?"
Palmenter's eyelidS fell 50 that
hls eyes were hooded like Q
hawks. He moved his twisted
shoulders almost imperceptibly.
They Were a shipment for the
Rangers, believe. We heard they
were coming, and we"-the eye.
lids lifted and he smiled rem.
lnIScently-"d diverted them He
touched the unopened box with
the toe of his boot "Take a look
in there"
His face white with excitement.
Clay wrenched the cover from
the unopened box, knelt imnao~
bile for an instant, and then came
slowly to his feet. In his hands
was a sheathed cavalry sabef,
curving sleekly along its length.
shining a little in the sunlighE
pregnant with the very spirit OF
gallantry and combat and hoofs
roaring down the wind IN the at.
tack.
There was wonder and disbes
lief, almost reverence in his face.
as he drew the great blade slowly
from its sheath. Now that Il was
free of its scabbard, vibrant and
alive in the Pickering light that
flashed upon It like cleaning
drops of blood. it took on a life
and meaning of its own. This
was the queen of weapons, the
stern blade forged and tempered
and edged only that Il might
drink blood in the very vortex OF
whirling confusion, when mount
ed men fought boot to boot in a
nightmare instant halfway be.
tween life and death.
'You--diverfed these?"
Palmenter nodded gravely. Clay
lifted his shoulders and then let
them sag in a gesture Of utter
exhaustion. His face was draw1a
with fatigue and with the re-
sponsibility of the task he faced.
''You did a fine job Of getting
them. Bair. Wen try to do as wen
when il comes to putting them 10
work"
tzo b o01tlnuedl
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-16
Ap N.w.,.s..,., 60 BY Homer Hoste
Chapter Is

Chapter Is
DURING the next four davs
lmentera throbbed and
ooILea IN a passion of volcanic
Clay and Palmenter paused be-
Sloe a forge where iron rims were
oelng beaten out for the supply
wagons that would ACCOMPANY
the column. The smith looked up
greeting. -'"
asked. e0 "'
Two more wagons an this
jobs DONE"
He closed one eye in a wink
that was almost lewd in its impli-
catlon OF tacit and fraternal con-
splracy. Course" he drawled, 81
couldn't never have done half SO
wen If \! hadn't had such a willin'
helper"
He ierked his head carelesslv
backward toward the shadowy
ngure that swung a heavy sledge
Increasingly against the hot metal
on the anvil. Clay's hard eyes
probed the dusky interior and
then he grinned a little as he sud-
denly realized that it was Sara
zan who had been given the end
less, back-breaking labor of
swinging the Sledge from dawn
till dusk.
Clay turned questioningly to
the smith. "He'S being well
guarded"
The smiths laughter exploded
raucously against the curtain of
the sunlight.
You're mighty damned right,
he Is" He patted the pistol that
swung from his belt. 'The first
move he makes to pull out of
here's goin' to be tn last move he
ever makes. He's what you might
call sort of permanent fixture
around here"
Clay nodded. "And at night?"
might? Why, Colonel, at night
l just pull tn door to and snap
a paddock on tn outside, an when
/ come back in tn mornin' there
tn little booger is-big as life an
twice as poisonous"
Clay nodded, smiling a little.
The men were in good trim
cheerful, confident, undisturbec
by the adventure before them.
Hold onto him." he advised
"He could raise plenty of hell il
he sneaked out and managed tc
tip off the Regulators"
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-16
BY Homer Hosten

He turned away and adjusted
his pace to Palmenter's painfully
slow progress.
picked your new captains
yet?" Palmenter asked.
''Web picked them. Bert Hewitt
to take Sarazan's place and Luke
Miller to take Webs place. They
look all right to me.
They were opposite the door of
a small, WindoWless log hut that
crouched beside the vast bulk of
the main storehouse. Palmenter
stopped and drew a heavy, we'll
oiled key from his pocket. He
held it out to Clay.
If you'll unlock that paddock" "
he suggested, II think ! can show
you something you won't find
anywhere else N North America" !"
LIS eyes sharp with surprise,
l. Clay twisted the key in the
massive lock. pulled back the
door, and peered into the light
less interior.
Wonderingly. Clay tugged the
heavy shipping cases out into the
light. grunting as he tried TO lift
them and found them as heavy as
lead. Kneeling. he twisted the
heavy back edge of his bowie
knife into the crack between the
side and lid of the first box, pried
sharply downward. and then
leTked the cover free.
It was filed with strangely
shaped, roughly oblong packages,
each individually wrapped in
heavy canvas that was stained
with dark oil or grease. He
glanced questioning1y at Palmen-
ter, and at Blair's nod he picked
up one of the packages and
stripped the canvas away.
For an instant he stared unbe-
lievingly at what he held in his
hand, and then his head jerked
around to stare at Palmenter.
Colts revolvers! Repeaters
How many of them. Blair? How
many?"
The flashing smile turned Pal
menter's face from a dark mask
into an image of proud delight.
PLENTY of them, Clay. Enough
for both of the squadrons and
some left over"
Slowly. almost fearfully, Clay
turned the gun over and over III
his hands. Guns like this were sc
new an innovation that they were
still almost unknown. A gun thai
gave man five shots without re-
loading-certain and unquestion-
| ing victory over any man armed
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-16
2I5 COUPLES RENEW
MARRIAGE VOWS SUN.

LOS ANGELES R-Two hundred
and fifteen couples participated in
a single marriage ceremony Sun
day.
The Rev. William E. O'Shea
performed the rites at st. Timo-
thy's Catholic Church which the
couples renewed their wedding
vows.
"Althouh many Of you have been
married for, 40 years or more, this
act you are making today viii give
new vigor to those vows of fidelity
and love you made to each other
on your first wedding annivers-
ary," the priest told them.
The Saar has a population Of
about 900 per square mile.
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-16
HAL
BOYLE
SAYS

NEW YORK R-How can the
Chinese Reds be made to want
peace?
The answer holds the key to
what will happen next in the Kore-
an War.
President-elect Dwight Eisenhow-
er stated the problem clearly in an
off-the-cuff summary of his trip
to the embattled peninsula:
50. Just because one side wants
peace doesn't make peace. We
must 20 ahead and do things that
induce the others to want peace
Also"
This echoed belief General Ell
senhower phrased this way in a
more formal statement:
". . we face an enemy whom
we cannot hope to impress by
words. however eloquent, but only
be deeds-executed under circum-
stances of our own choosing"
These two significant sentences
herald a real effort to change the
stalemated Korean situation-a pc
riod when the present cropping
yearning for peace will be re-
placed by some kind of action to
win it.
What form will that action take?
Naturally Eisenhower must re-
main silent on this point at this
time. But there are two ways to
get donkey to move forward: (a)
hold some hay out in front OF
him, or (b) kick and beat him un-
til he decides it is wiser to obey
your will.
And there would seem to be only
two general methods of action to
make the Chinese reds want
peace:
1. Through diplomatic channels
offer some kind of reward that
would make them wish to reach a
cease-fire in Korea, and move out
of the orbit of Red Russia toward
the orbit of the Western powers.
| Assuming this could be done, such
a program would possibly entail
the jettisoning of Chiang-Kai Shek,
who is powerfully supported in the
American Congress.
2. Increase military pressure on
Red China to such an extent that
crippling losses would lead her to
sue for a real peace, even against
the wishes of Red Russia, who
now supplies her with most Of her
heavy ornaments.
The danger here, of course, is
that such a program would fan the
long-smoldering misery of Korea
into flaming third World War.
American professional military
opinion is sharply divided on this
| question. Some career soldiers say
we cannot risk taking steps that
might extend the conflict and COM
NIT US to full-scale warfare in the
Far East. Others say we cannot
afford not to take those steps.
A general officer who holds this
view recently expressed it to me
as follows:
"Time is fighting on the other
side, not on ours. The other fellow
| is building up faster than we are.
We have to stop this business in
Korea now.
1--WE are fighting the war the
way the Chinese want it-on fixed
line. We don't have the manpower
to win that way. Our cardinal
principle in warfare is mobility.
and we have to get back to the
-four F's' of the American Army
find 'em, fix 'em, fight 'em, and
finish 'em.
I'VE need 10 use everything we
have now and finish the Korean
War as quickly as possible - by
land attack, naval blockades, and
bombing of Chinese seaports and
IManchurian supply and armament
centers-yes, by atom-bombing il
necessary"
This officer, however, was
against employing Chang Kai
| Shek's Formosa garrison troops in
Korea, not because il would anger
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-01-14
French. Wuif Who Joined els
In North Africa Killed in Korea

by the 1880 Regiment of the saith
Infantry Division and fought
with them for five years-North
Africa, Sicily, Anzio.
When the war was over Alex
slowed away on a troop ship and
came to America. Members Of
the 133d gave him 5000 and he
struck out on his When he
tried to enlist in the United States
Army he discovered he was an
alien. Back to France he went.
There was no record of his citi-
zenship there. Again he slowed
away on an American ship and
arrived in Galveston, Tex, July
a, 1947.
His foster mother then was an
Assistant United States District
Attorney handling immigration
cases. She became interested in
Alex and interested others, among
them Representative Thomas,
Democrat, of Texas. Mr.. Thomas
introduced a special law in Con-
|gress to let Alex stay here as an
immigrant. The measure passed
in August Of 1850. A few days
later Alex enlisted in the United
States Army, and was sent to
lJapan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-01-14
BY the Associated Press

HOUSTON. Jan. IA home
less French waif who died in Korea
trying to repay the kindness
shown him in the United States
will be buried in his adopted
country.
Corpl. Alexander Stewart, %,
was killed in action December %.
But the casualty list doesn't tell
how the youth asked-and got
the help of a Congressman in
transferring from the safety OF
Japan to the Korean battlefront.
It doesn't tell how he came to
America twice as a stowaway be-
fore Congress passed a special law
to let him stay here legally.
Mrs. A. Axelrod of Houston, his
foster mother, said last night she
would bring the body home fol
burial. II know that is what he
would have wanted me to do" she
said.
At % the corporal was an ole
hand at war and fighting. Wher
he was II he ran away from ar
orphanage in Alsace, joined the
underground and finally escaped
Ito North Africa. He was adopted