davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-01-23
FOREIGN Exchange

NEW YORK, Jan % lPi.-Foreign ex-
change rates follow tGreat Britain in
dollars. others tn eentsl:
Canadian dollar In New York open
market 1882 per cent discount or 90.965s
Tnited States cents. OF 1f32 Of q cent.
Europe: Great Britain tpoundl 2.7Ss,
|unchansed: Great Hritain 30-day futures
futures 277is, unchanged: Great Britain
|pO-day futures 2.75H. UNCHANGED; Belgium
Iranc) 1.96sa, unchanged; France nrancl
9Sss Of cent. unchanEeds Holland
(guilder) $685. unchanged; Italy fiiral
1914 Of q cent unchanged; Portugal
teseudo1 $50, UNCHANGED; sweden Hrona
1885 unchangei. switzerland tfranc1
tfreel $50. unehanRed
Far East: Hong Kong dollar 1850. un-
changed. ~
Evening star., 1952-01-23

meeting yeSter-
day. Operating
earnings before
Federal t a xe S
amounted to
$43 9.136 VS..
$419,569.
Capital funds
at the year end
t Led ST.
952,751 VS.. ST.
SOC, ,973 q year
earlier. e The
bank paid $40
900 in dividends
in 1851 and
&nn,a a&nMraA
Evening star., 1952-01-23

Associated Ygeag.
II gELECTED ISSUES
icon Ed cy3s63- 13M
Icns "a 23z6 s. el5t
lCnhHR 6s52r Ct 30lh
So
|Det Ed 33ss 76 10AM
|Det Ed IS 20 1o1N
Cen Eds 33ts70 1Qlli
Eeh v 4s 2003D G0l6
|Eorrillrd S. 63 1pozt
lEsazNAKC ~ 05 103N
MKT nd 6st57 ala
IMo-pac 61ss 10 6356
Mo-Pac 4s T6 EST
In r G 6s 20l3-- 76lA
lNYC4 iss2Ol3A- 7oA
In e e a 98 6A31
INXNHin4aSs22 SIN
| No Pac 4Ias rs 10As<
| INoStPw 2Azs "a -
INWHelTel2a4e4 95%
| etJ&ESlasS2 1o15i
tPennP&L 3s as o6zt
lpennRR 4sss60 1854
lPennRR41as6S 10olA
IPennRR4g4sEl 013<
PenRR4A1s04B 91s
iPerMar 39ks so oelz
IPSEG IS ~ 100
lSESF 4ias 2O22 60ik
iSL6R 4s 97 -
Seabin4 iax2010 93M
So Pac gas 80 1000
tsopac4 rs Or77 1ooN
lSo Pac 2Ms S6 94st
lS0 nv GAS 80. 1861
| iTexssNO O3sss90 PIN
Third ave 6s60 40
Third Ave ARfS0 S9yk
| UnElMo 3sas n JOG
IUtdGcp 3sss71 1oAil
| WarnPet31as6 1o9N
iWest On IS Gu 1c2ik
Whist -cYSiA6k lQSM
Evening star., 1952-01-23

Hourly Sales ON tho Exehange Today:
Ii:oo am. $50 600 1900 noon 7so 600
100 Nh. oso 600 500 nm. 900 600
fUnit q RadinR 10 shayes sIn hank-
ruptcy or receivecsnip or being fecrganized
under the Bankruptcy Act uf securities
assumed By. such colnpNntea. Races Of divi-
dends IN the fofeRning tables are annual
|of semiannual declaration Unless other.
wise noted special or extra dLFidends ere
not included. cid Called. = Ex DIVIDEND
|xr ~ riGhts . ALSO extra on extras Plus
stock dividend. Cash or stack De
ciafed Of paid - far this year. Payable
"a stock estimased cash valns % e. diyi-
dend date. r raid last yeag d De
rlared or paid after Eloek 1tDaamna or
spiit-up. kDeciared Or paid this year. an
accumulatiye issue with dividends 10 ar
rears. nd Next day deliver Paid this
action taken at last DIVIDEND meeting.
Declared q PAD = 5SS5 PLUS fsssE
abs d stock, exact cash value undeters
mined On declaration data A.
5s - L
Evening star., 1952-01-23

List INCLUDES ON
| WORLD BANK
|lntBR&sD3s72 - ~
FOREIGN 1.lE
| Austraiia31Ss68 96
Bras 3&s 1 ser e3N
Canada 3Ks 81. 10zzs
Chile 2is-2S 90 Aosz
Copennsnbs 81 015s
Cubs 4IkS ~ 133
Denmk 5shs Is 97k
Qrk 6s68 Dt I'd 9,A
MaHan 2-3s TT ~
Netherin3Rzs57 93yz
DOMESTIC l.IE
Am6<FP6x2OSO 9o5f
AmIAT 3ahst3S 316st
AmE&T 27tsSg 11Ek
AmT&F 2Ats01 1o05t
| AmT&T S3ss1l 96
| AInT&I 2ssseo S3l6
Am Tpb 81 SO 100
Ia r s r As 95 ll0ik
B b o 81 95 G. T3N
| ID u o68 ~ o6 73i4z
B8o SIS 2O0OK 75M
B&O cv45a20lO 81
B6O TC 4s 66 90
| lHos Ne 44as 10. 5oza
1os Me As CO. ~
CanPae 4G perp 101N
| celanese3l ssT6 102iM
| cGa 4ias202OB 60
| ICRHNJ SIS 81 463<
tC b O4Ias 81 2--11elz
lC&O 3las 90 3 995t
Chi d Ri the on 1914
ICMsP4ias2044 S1h<
ICAGSP 4s "a 94sz
| c&NW 4kas 90 57st
Gil Seyv as az -
ClevEIlu3 sssS6 1o5s4
| lColF&Icv4sl68 l037t
| iCnmEd2IaS2Oll Qzyz
Evening star., 1952-01-23

| All Am AirWays.
/ Am Marac .20g-
1 Am SuperppWf-
Anae Id M Ice
| Anch PDstP Mb-
APEX EIec MG
lArk N Gs a 60
Atlas Corn wv
Atlas Ply Ma
| Babcock d W .
| Barium stl .40g
| Basic Refrac l.
Bowman Gum =
4 Braz TT L&P n
| Brit Am on - :
| Brit Celan .04e-
| Brown Co
4 Buckeye r 4 80
Burma Ltd
Ical&EdnnCp.IO-
iCal n Pow go
CALVIN cnsO sc
1 Can Sou Oils -
Can All Oil Ltd
Can Merconi
/ Cap Trans 2he-
iCaff Cons Bisc
lCasco Prod .20g
4 Cataiin .A0g -
iCen Expl Ltd
Cessna Air .4Og.
lcIaude Neon---
Colt Mfg Ia.
ICont r & M 2b-
lCornucupGMin-
fCoro Inc .60g =. !.
fCosdenPet .e5R-
Creole Pee5szg
DennMfgA 1.20.
Det Gray Iron
tDum0nt LA Ag
Duro Test .30g-.
East Gas q R1-
East State Cp
El Bond&S ! vi
Eureka c Ltd
Eureka CLtdwaF
Faireh Cam =
FairchE6rA.40g.,
I0lant Yen
Evening star., 1952-01-23
|Metul Quotations

NEW YORK. Jan. % Rt.-Spot noI
ferrous metal prices today: Copper, "a
cents q pound Connecticut. Valley. Lea
Ig cents pound New York. Zine. 10
cents q pound. East st. Louis. Tin. 1.21l
Q pound New York At Pittsnurgh, scrs
steel No. heavy was quoted at ID.
Evening star., 1952-01-23

I, REX r. HINSHAW. Treasurer 1i the
aboye-named credit union. do Solemnly
swear that the foregoing statement Is .trua
to the best of my knowledge and BELIEF.
REX. F. HINSHAW. Treasurer.
C0rrect-Attest:
JOS. VIM KINGHQRNE.
FRANCIS p. DONQHUE.
Directors.
District of Columbia, S.:
sworn to and subscribed before me this
18th days Of January. 1852.
Notary Public.
MY commission expires Feb. IA, 1855.
Evening star., 1952-01-23
Loans on Real Estate
Favorable Rates
Sales, Rentals, Insurance
GEORGE |. B0ReER
643 lndiane Avenue N.W.
MA. 035o
REPORT OF CONDITION or TEE
Agricultural Employees
Credit Union

ri business on December 81, 1851. tPuhs
lisied IN response to cali made hy Somp>s
troller OF the Currency, under Secuon
Act.l
Evening star., 1952-01-23
Dividends Announced

NEW YORK, Jan. 20 QH. - Dividends
declared:
Evening star., 1952-01-23
m. Y. Bond Murket.

rIsF Y y sss A:sSs'ssss PfsSs
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
New Employees
At A & p

The local A and P Store has
had an almost complete turnover
in personnel except for the man.
agement c. c. Woodell, manager,
announced.
The new employees are Mrs.
Don Jernigan, Fred McCumbee,
and Robert Dale Inman, who has
joine dthe staff on regular sche-
dule after working on part time
basis during the school term.
The former employees Bill
Lancaster and Joe Shelley re-
signed to accept positions with
Whites Milk company and inertia
Bread company respectively. HUI
bert Canady was transferred to
BurgaW as store manager.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
HELP WANTED

Classified - Young man for Sales
Clerk in nice Tabor City store.
must be clean, intelligent. Apply
in writing to Box D, Tabor City,
N. G.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
FOR SALE

SALE: SPENCER SUP
FO aopTs and style garments.
f ~. 2 F. Duncum, P. 0. Box
y VII Thor City. Phone 1881.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
JOE COLEMAN IS FIRST
IN AUCTI0NEER RACE

Joe Coleman, local man who
auctions tobacco on the local mar
ket, was named first place win
ner in competition with other
auctioneers from five states in
Pinehurst last week.
Coleman was second place win
ner last year and moved up to
the top position this season. He
not only is an auctioneer here but
also works on the Greensboro and
Boone, N. c. markets.
Auctioneers competing for the
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28

FOR SALE: Five room home,
modern-convenient, glassed in
back proch and nice front porch.
Good residential area in Tabor
City. Contact Joyner's Grocery.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
EMPLOYMENT

POSITION WANTED: Young man
desires work for summer; ex-
perienced in craftsmanship and
recreation work. Notify M. B.
Morrow, route 2, Tabor City.
2tp
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
ss&zA CLASSIFIED ADS "a
WE DO PIPE THREADING

WE DO PIPE THREADING -
All electric pipe threading
machine available for your
work. Can thread pipe from
one.eighth inch to two inches.
Also complete stock of pipe
fittings. Plumbing Supplies
Trouble Shooting, & plumbing
contracting. See Dorman Frun.
iture Company, Tabor City,
N. G.. lind.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
FOR SALE

FOR SALE: TOXIC SOY BEANS.
See S. F. Willoughby, Tabor
City. Btu
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28
POEM

Somewhere back of the sunset,
Where loneliness never lies,
He lived in a land of glory
Mid the blue and gold of the skies.
Not dead to those WHO loved him,
But only gone before,
He lives with us in memory,
And will forever more;
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28

POSITION WANTED: IS year old
Billy Wright desires work in Ser
vice station or grocery store. Ex-
perienced. Contact Billy, Tabor
City, route 8. 3tc
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28

honor last week were from
Georgia, South Carolina, North
Carolina, Virginia and Florida.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1952-05-28

FOR SALE-30 gallon A. O..
Smith Gas Water Heater, like
new. Used less than one year.
Price reasonable. See Harry Bry-
ant, Phone 1851 or 349l 3tc
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15

Among those leaving for
more sunshine. and avoid the
- inter- bla Il Of Detroit's win
ter are Mrs Cenes Barges
oil Arlington Ave. '. no en-
trained this Weekend for
sunny California She ~lil
b. the house-gutsi Of her
daughter and son IN l. a
MIS- Lula Becker OF Indiana
As~ viii battle n the sun
= RI, beauty and Injuries Of
= Pe.~r.burgh Fla.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15

Supporting the music were
rea dings and Instrumental
selections rendered by the
follow members: Carrie
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15

\ grateful heart garden Is.
" here there IS always room
fr e~~~ lovely. Codhke grace
To come 10 perfect bloom
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15
MEXICAN \Io> les Illustrated

! he natural beauty and
enchanlinent OF Mexico ~ss
illustrated with colored
movies Wednesday night. in
the home OF MIR. and Mrs.
Isaac Jones. SOB Fast Phila-
delphia
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15

Miss Gloria NJ Gordon.
TimmonsvilIe, sc, dean OF
Pledges along With Miss
Constance Y Singleton. St
Augustine. Florida. Grad.
uate advisor we're responsi
bic for the program.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15

Follow ng medley OF
Pledge RI, INNS. Claflin
l>y Ensemble sang med
ley Of songs consisting Of
Halls Of Ivy" Dark Eyes,
SO Beats My Heart For
You SPIRIT Flower.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15
Robert Bland and George

NvDtFt IIdIFN "I4~ >
" hitehcad Of Cleveland,
OHIO. dropped IN TO see
G~endol,n Northoross While
visiting Detroit last week
end
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1952-11-15

The tour included Mexico
Cry tthe Washington. DC.
Of Mexico Taxco. Cuerna-
vaoa, equesquitengo, Koch.
'mlleo, Ieotihuacan. Peubla.
Cholula
,es cNnins,ed
'''h Nchlr> aitd M'ly.,~
+. So'it.tg which they par
lpe'd While south OF M
brf''"r 10 meN,.on = 'e,w OF
-. -r a4 - tie, in l1daa
an H.. md Mex.,ap hon.
Evening star., 1952-06-01

lot. One particularly lnpleasing
occurrence Is the fact that often
times the Negro child must pass
by a white school near his home
in order to reach a Negro school
some distance away. This was the
bone of contention in the Eliot
School controversy. Eliot is in a
neighborhood that, three years
ago, contained II blocks in which
no Negro families lived. Today,
there is only one all-white block in
the area.
When the effects-overcrowding
and dissatisfaction make them
selves felt, the resulting manifesto
tions are predictable. The Negroes
act: the whites react. The Negroes
take their cases to the courts in
an effort to get relief. The whites
attempt to bring social pressure
to bear-as do the Negroes. To
date, the Negroes have not succeed
ed in the courts.
Evening star., 1952-06-01
The Outlook

At present, the situation adds up
to one indisputable fact. The
school system, as presently consti-
tuted, Is inadequate to handle the
educational load. Consider the
school system Of the District as
one great school building, and
there undoubtedly are enough seats
to accommodate all the students.
But even in this imagery, the
District school system is not one
big building. It Is two big build
ings, one for whites, one for colored.
Even under these circumstances,
the dual system probably is ade-
quate-at least in the elementary
and high school grades-to handle
the load. But there are factors
that complicate matters. The
Walker-JoneS School is grossly
overcrowded. The Military Road
School is almost empty. But the
seats at Military Road cannot be
filled by students who live six miles
away, in the Walker-Jones neigh
borhood.
To the argument that integration
would solve the problem, there is an
answer: It would and it wouldn't.
Preserving the image Of one or
two big school buildings, integra-
tion would transform the District
system into a single building. In
this building, there are enough
seats for all. But just as the empty
seats in the Military Road colored
school cannot be filled by overflow
from the Walker-Jones colored
school, the seats in many under
crowded white schools are not
practically available to Negroes.
Evening star., 1952-06-01
The Solution

There is, really, no clear solution
to the problem that faces WASH
ington. Neither integration nor
transfer of utilization nor build
ing alone will solve it. Possibly q
balanced program of all three
would do the most. But such q
balanced program-a very unlikely
prospect-would present new prob
lens to the community.
Within the realm of possibility,
a bond issue for school building
might do much toward relieving
the situation. The District is the
only city over 100000 population
that is on pay-aS-you-go basis in
the schools. 1t would need Con-
gressional authority to issue bonds.
And, even with a bond issue, the
crisis would continue for at least
two or three years while the
schools were being built. And In
that period, new problems un-
doubtedly would arise. The Dis
trict would find itself running Just
to keep in the same place.
In the absence of a bond issue.
which is only a remote possibility,
the best Washington can do in
the foreseeable future is to build
wisely with the money it can get
and transfer schools to satisfy the
most pressing needs.
WaShington'S problem, while ag-
gravated by number of factors,
Is not unknown elsewhere.
The factors of segregation and
pay-aS-you-go complicate matters
for Washington. But other cities.
where substantial bond issues speed
the building Of schools, and where
the races use all facilities in COM
mon, still have problems. The
basic difficulty is a revolutionary
change In living habits. Every
where, the more prosperous people
are moving steadily to the suburbs.
Their place in town is being taken
by less affluent folk, who neces-
sarily must live under more crowd
ed conditions in order to make ends
meet. This is true even in cities
where race is not a factor.
In various ways, other cities have
come to grips with the problem.
Few, If any, have been completely
successful in solving it.
The District, beset as it is by this
dilemma Of the schools, can take
some small comfort, perhaps, In
the realization that its position 10
not unique.
Evening star., 1952-06-01

As an example, in the critical
Junior high school bracket, there
is the case of the Gordon School.
This school for white junior high
school students, located at Thirty
fifth and T streets~N.W. in George
town, is operating at about IS per
cent of capacity. Even If it were
opened to colored students, there
would be few, if any, who would
find it convenient to attend. The
colored school serving that general
area-Francis, at Twenty-fourth
and N streetS-iS overcrowded only
because it is taking excess students
from other areas. There are not
enough Negroes in the immediate
area to fill Francis, as it is. Cor
don would not help the situation,
which is worst in the Northeast
section Of Washington.
Certainly integration would help
IN other cases. Eliot could take
the overflow from Browne. Jeffer-
son, at Eighth and H streets S.W.,
has seats for the excess students
from Randall, eight blocks away.
But shifts in population, and par
ticularly in population density,
make 1t clear that integration
alone would not be the answer.
And regardless of the philosoph-
ical Qualifications there may be for
integration, the argument pro or
con - pretty much an academic
one. Much talk is heard about
whether the District is ready" for
it. Actually, the District has little
to say about it. The law which
set up segregation was passed by
Congress. It can be overturned
only by Congress or the courts. The
courts, to date, have shown no
disposition to upset segregation
laws that are based on truly sep
arate but equal" facilities.
Congress Attitude
AS for Congress, perhaps its atti-
tude can be summed up best by
Representative Mcmillan, the
South Carolina Democrat who
heads the powerful House District
Committee. Asked about integra-
tien last week, Mr.. Mcmillan said:
"The present law was on the
books when I came here, and am
not going to do anything to take
1t off,"
A suggestion to correct over
crowded conditions in the Negro
schools without upsetting the seq
regated pattern had to do with
school buses. Long study convinced
the school authorities that a great
deal of money and effort would be
spent, and little advantage would
be gained, in trying to transport
students around town In buses.
Evening star., 1952-06-01

up, these facts show that not only
do Negroes here have more children
than whites, but that more Negro
children are surviving nowadays.
In future years this will be reflected
in increased Negro school enroll
ment.
Area Chonees
There is no formal segregation of
races in ordinary living in Washing
ton, at least in the sense that there
: is formal segregation by law In the
schools. Nevertheless, Negroes tend
to congregate in some districts, and
whites in others. From time to
time. districts once predominantly
white gradually become mainly col
ored. Twenty years ago II of the
Districts 95 census tracts were SO
per cent or more Negro. Today, "a
are predominantly colored. The
1860 census almost certainly will
show other areas similarly changed.
No census tract ever has again be-
come predominantly white after
once being predominantly Negro.
Federal census studies and occa-
sional informal surveys made by
school and community planners
help to project trends. frequently
these surveys can indicate tosschool
authorities where a new school for
white or for colored will be required.
But sometimes the changes are SO
rapid that even the planners are
caught flat-footed.
River Terrace cose
This was the case in River Ter
race, q lower middle class develop
ment in the Northeast. River Ter.
race is an enclave. It is limited by
the Pepco plant on Benning road to
the north, by the Pennsylvania Rail-
road freight line to the east and
south, and by the Anacostia River
to the west. Normal pattern of in
filtration was impossible there.
There were no fringe areas for Ne
groes to occupy before moving fur
ther into the center of River
Terrace.
So, in 1948, when the need for a
school in River Terrace became
evident, it seemed certain that the
school would be for white children.
There was not a single Negro fam
lily in River Terrace at the time.
BY the time the school was opened
last February, River Terrace was
more than so per cent Negro.
Today, six out of 10 families there
are colored. The school was opened
for colored instead of for white, as
the very apparent need dictated.
The white children of River Ter
race are required to walk several
heavily travelled blocks outside their
home area to attend Benning
Evening star., 1952-06-01
District Schoo! Situation Is Critical But Not Unique
WASHINGTON is

WASHINGTON is undergoing
w an educational crisis from
which there seems to be no quick
relief. It is crisis born, in part,
Of the 90-year-old segregated sys-
TEN of public schools. But an end
to segregation alone would not
solve the Districts problem.
It is a crisis, too, born Of q great
migration that is taking place all
over the country. This migration
is, going ahead so rapidly. and 80
ur1predictably, that few cities are
able to keep up with the changes
that result.
The fact that the school situation
here is critical has been evident for
years. Two recent Developments
the Eliot Junior High School con-
troversy and the plea Of School
Board Chairman Melvin Sharpe for
IS million for Negro schools
pointed up the situation. But these
developments in no way changed
the dismal picture Of Washington's
educational muddle.
Unlike many unhealthy situa-
tions, this one is the fault Of no
particular person or group. Condi-
tions, rather than individuals, have
brought this crisis about. Individ-
uals probably will be able to do little
to find any immediate solution.
Evening star., 1952-06-01

and Prince Georges Counties-there
has been growth without appreci-
able change. That is, the overall
proportion of whites to Negroes Is
virtually the same as in 1910.
Greet Chonee Here
But within the District itself, the
change has been great and the
growth relatively small. In 1910,
Washington was 72 per cent white
and % per cent Negro. Today the
city is about IS per cent white and
IS per cent colored. And all popu-
lation surveys indicate that the
ratio is steadily narrowing.
While this proportionate increase
Of Negroes has been going on inside
the District, there has been an
equally sharp increase In white
population outside. What this boils
down to Is an affirmation Of an
often-repeated statement: The
whites who can afford to are NOV
ing out of the District and the
Negroes are. moving in.
The result of this great popula-
ton change-which is being felt in
NEST other big cities, TOBIAS been
to throw the District school system
out of balance. Two years ago, for
the first time in history, Negro en-
rollment exceeded white enrolment
In the public schools here. Today.
the excess Of Negroes over whites IL
more than 5000. This gap undoubt-
edly will widen as time goes ON.
They Marry and Move
But II there still are two whites
to every Negro in the city, why, are
there fewer whites than Negroes In
the schools? Surveys provide the
answer. A great many OF the new
white residents of the District are
single men and women who come
here to work for the Governmerp.
Over the years, they establish
themselves in their jobs. Then they
get married. When the children
start coming along, the family be-
gins to look around for a house
and yard. In an increasing num-
ber Of cases, they find q home in
the suburbs. Both the population
and school enrolment figures In
the counties bear this out.
Negroes, on the other hand, either
prefer or are forced by circumstance
to live and rear their families in
the District. The colored birth rate
is somewhat higher than the white.
And-in recent years - improve
ments in health conditions have cut
sharply into the infant mortality
rate among Negroes. In 1943 the
Negro rate here was nearly 21a
times as great as that Of the white
population. In 1850, the two rates
were almost exactly equal. Summed