davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-01-29
be|tsyiIIeGaraue
Bandit Escapes
Police at Laurel
Attendant Beaten
BrutoIIy in HoIdup;
Two Women Seized

A gasoline station attendant
was brutally beaten and robbed
learly today at Beltsville. Md, by
an armed bandit who narrowly
escaped capture short time later
when police stopped his car and
fired at him.
Two colored women who police
said were in the holdup car, were
arrested. Laurel and State police
lcombed a wooded area near Laurel
lin search Of the colored bandit.
The robbery victim, was James
|B. Craft, SO. Of Barboursville. Md.
Ia night attendant at Bakers Ga
rage in Beltsville.
The proprietor. A. C.. Baker, said
|he was awakened by MIR. Graft
about $50 am. Mr.. Craft had
been beaten on the head with a
hammer, but regained conscious
ness long enough to walk 200 feet
from the garage to the house for
help.
Hold-up Car lis Stopped.
"He told me this fellow drove
lup in an old roadster with two
women" said Mr.. Baker. They
came in the garage and asked for
a light fuse" @
MIR. Craft told his employer the
man then pulled a gun and asked
for money before beating him.
Mr.. Baker said $44.72 was taken
from the cash register, and two
boxes of cigars and a battery were
missing.
Mr.. Crafts description Of the
car on regaining consciousness was
broadcast by State police, and
Pvt. George c. Johnson Of the
Laurel force spotted it at the by
pass there.
Fires at Fleeing Man.
Laurel police said Pvt. John
son was getting out Of the cruiser
to question the occupants when
the driver ran of into the woods
The policeman sent e bullet after
him. State police were called to
start a search, and the two women
were taken to State police bar
racks at Waterloo. A gun was
found under the seat of the car.
Police searched a wooded area
lat Laurel on foot, but found no
trace Of the bandit. About q dozen
cruisers remained in the area after
the foot search was abandoned.
State police described the fugi-
tive as a colored man about 80
years old, about S feet II inches
tall and weighing $50 pounds.
When last seen he was wearing q
medium blue or green jacket with
10 fur collar, pinched in back, and
upper front. He also had on q
green and white cowboy type
shirt. no tie, blue trousers and
brown shoes.
State police said they believed
the bandit had been staying in
Washington, but was from New
Jersey. There were New Jersey
license tags on the car.
Mr.. Craft was treated at DR..
Warren's Hospital In Laurel for
severe head injuries. His con-
dition was reported to be critical.
He was to be transferred later
today to the University Hospital
lat Baltimore.
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Alexandra Group Forms
To Back Taff's Candidacy

A club to boost Senator Taft's
campaign for the Republican pres
lidential nomination was formed
in Alexandria last night at the
George Mason Hotel.
Officers of the club are Mrs. J.
Robert Smith. president; Walter
Fulton. vice president; Mrs. v
Magnini, secretary. and Thomas
Gore, treasurer.
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Air Explorers Elect
Pilot in FolIs Church

Leigh n. Hunt. jr., has been
elected pilot Of the Falls Church
Air Explorers Squadron.
Charles Moutoux and Tom
Massingale were chosen co-pilot
and scribe. respectively. The
group Is planning to hold . father
and son dinner at the Oak Street
School February 8.
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Survey Group to Speak
On Fuirfux Government

The four-man commission from
the University Of Virginia which
the new Fairfax County
executive form Of government will
discuss the study tomorrow at q
meeting Of the Northeast Fairfax
County Citizens League.
The meeting. at 8 pm. viii be
held at the Chesterbroek School.
Speakers win be Dr.. Edward s.
Oyerman, assistant director Of the
university's Bureau of Public Ad-
ministration: Chester w. Balm.
Allan n. Pike and Ross II.
Thomson.
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Dr.. Charles P. Cake
Heads Arlington Chest

DR.. Charles P. Cake, formerly a
physician at the Veterans Admin
istration, was elected president of
the Arlington Community Chest
and Council Board of Trustees last
night.
Other officers elected were Hugh
Nc Grath. vice president: Mrs.
Claudia Pitts, secretary. and Mrs.
C.. r. Niklasoli, treasurer.
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Livestock Herding Course
Revived al College Park

Livestock herdsmen are getting
q four-day course at College Park,
Md. In the latest developments
on caring for beef cattle, swine,
sheep and draft horses.
The course has been revived
after an absence of 20 years. II
includes both practical applica-
tion and theory for the 81 attend
ing herdsmen, IL Of whom are
women.
Most Of the women enrolled
are wives Of farmers. but two own
farms and a third hopes some day
to have one Of her own.
Evening star., 1952-01-29

the House to require the State to
disclose from whom it buys its
insurance.
Introduction In the Senate OF
bills to permit the popular elec-
ton of school boards and to give
the voters the final say on whether
public housing authorities should
Ibe created.
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Exchange Club Elects
In Silver Spring

Walter Hughes, jr., manager oi
the Silver Spring branch Of the
Acacia Mutual Life Insurance
Co.. has been elected president oi
the Exchange Club Of Silver
Spring.
Other new officers are: Wallace
Amos of Irwin !. Kaplan and As.
sociates, vice president; Johr
Beers Of Beers Brothers Realty
Co.. secretary: Norman Martin oi
the Suburban Trust Co. treas.
urer.
Evening star., 1952-01-29

whether he will
seek the Re-
publican nomi-
nation to Con-
gre SIS from m
Maryland's 5th
district.
The demand
for a definite
decision from
Mr.. Fletcher
came in the
form Of a mo-
tion adopted
last night by
more than 100
Prince Georges
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Biost at Alexandria

An explosion in an Alexandria
laundry at 1922 Powhatan street
damaged basement heater and
Ifiue and blew out q window about
Is pm. yesterday, the Alexandria
Fire Board reported. No one was
Injured.
Evening star., 1952-01-29
Fletcher Rally Gives
Senator Till Thursday
To Announce Plans

Impatient supporters of State
Senator John Raymond Fletcher
of Prince Georges have given
him until noon Thursday to decide
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25

cially. The motto Q: the Eight
lis FORWARD. The succeeding
Annual Conferences will be helt
as follows:
! East Mississippi Annual Confer
ence, October 1926. St. James A
NJ. E. Church. Rev. W. L. Jones
Pastor, Meridian, Miss. Reverend:
7. w. Hair, W. M. Ports. and J. C
Woodard, Presiding Elders.
Northeast Mississippi Confer
ence, Octiber 29-November 2, Co
lumbus, Miss. Rev. E. L. MCGEE
Pastor, Columbus, Miss. Rever
lends E. D. Manson, C. B. Brantley
and F. N. B. Ward, Presiding FL
Iders.
Central Mississippi Conference
November SO. Turner's Chapel
A. M. E. Church. Rev. J. s. Cheese
Pastor, Leland, Miss. Reverenls
IT. A. Simmons, J. H. Hall, l.. L.
Miller, Presiding Elders.
North Mississippi Conference,
November 1916. Parker Chapel
A. M. E. Church. Rev. E. A.
deeds, Pastor, Shaw, Miss. Rev
erends B. J. Jackson, H. P. An
|drews, and w. NJ. Ashe, Presiding
Elders.
Northwest Mississippi Confer
ence, November $3.50. Allen
Chapel A. M. E. Church. Rev. C.
H. Ball, Pastor, Marks, Miss. Rev.
trends c. F. Johnson, w. M.
Holmes, C. G. Scrivens, Presiding
Elders.
North Louisiana Conference, De-
cember ST. Allen Chapel A. M. E.
Church, Rev. c. l.. Mabry, Pastor.
Reverends ]. Jackson, G. H. Thibo-
deauz, w. M. Dyson, and E. D. Will
son, Presiding Elders.
Central Louisiana Conference,
January I'll, 1858. Bethel A. M.
E. Church, Rev. N. N. Easley, Pas
tor, Plaquemines, La. Reverends
J. G. Grove, E. w. Turner, and c.
E. Young, Presiding Elders.
Louisiana Conference, January
14-17, st. James A. M. E. Church,
Rev. S. H. Collins, Pastor, New
Orleans, La. Reverends E. w.
Whitfield, A. P. Watson, N. L.
Lumzy, and Thomas Tucker, Pre-
siding Elders.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25

ator Byrd devoted the major part
of his address to attacking two
measures before Congress which
bear my name. One is the Hum
phrey bill for an enforceable law
to- provide equality of opportunity
in employment and the other is a
bill to limit debate in the Senate
by majority vote Of the Senators
present.
81 am prouder still to see that
Governor Stevenson has incurred
the wrath of Senator Byrd, Gov
ernor Byrnes and other leaders of
the Dixiecrat forces by giving out
right support to both of these civil
rights measures, not only in the
North but in frank, open speeches
delivered in the South. The first
Southern affirmation Of his stand
on civil rights was made, recall,
in Richmond, Va, right in Senator
Byrd's back yard.
~ agree with Senator Byrd that
it is significant that Governor
Stevenson has endorsed the Hum
phrey FEPC bill and has also said
he would use the powerful influ-
ence of his office to change the
rules of the Senate
ut is equally significant that
the forces Of reaction have come
into the open and have indicated
their support of General Eisenhow-
er as proof that they rely on the
Republicans as their last bulwark
against passage of effective legis-
lation assuring full civil rights to
all Americans"
Humphrey said that Byrd's ac-
on gives further evidence of the
"'idity of a recent statement by
Senator John ]. Sparkman, Demo-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25
Sen. HUMPHREY.
Continued from Page One)

NCoHllHIeu from rage One)
radio broadcast Friday night of
Senator Harry S. Byrd in which
the Virginia legislator attacked the
civil rights platform of the Demo-
cratic Party and announced that
he would not support Governor
Adlai Stevenson for President.
Senator Byrd's unbridled at
tacks on the Democratic Party and
It's standard-bearer completes the
cycle and brings into the open the
unholy alliance Of all the major
Dixiecrat leaders with the Republi-
IAN Party in an open conspiracy
rainst civil rights and ether hui
unitarian and social legislation"
nrhrey said.
at rounds out the picture which
eneral Eisenhower h m e | f
rought into focus recently when
: journeyed to South Carolina to
ccept the open support of Cover
or James F. Byrnes of that state,
md by earlier overtures to Dixie
crat leaders in Louisiana and Tex
as"
Humphrey pointed out that
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25
Atty. Flowers
Continued from Page One)

by more than one hundred voters
with c. G. "Crip" Hall, Secretary
of State, nominating Harold Flow
ers, Pine Bluff, as a candidate
for Position No. 2 in the goth Dis
trict.
Flowers has spearhoaded the
drive in Arkansas which led to the
admission of Negroes in the grad
uate and professional schools of
the University of Arkansas; and
has now recently filed six suits
to end segregation in the Arkansas
public schools. He will oppose Nor
rell Gathright, white, a former
member of the House of Repre-
sentatives.
He defied threats allegedly made
by the Ku Klux Khan in early
1862, and refused to leave Arkansas
after being so warned in a letter
A practicing attorney at Pine
Bluff since 1898, Flowers was ad-
mitted to the Arkansas Bar in
1885. He is a member of the Bar
of the United States Supreme
Court, and a former vice president
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25

Byrd's radio address was devoted
mainly to an attack on Governor
Stevenson and President Truman
for their support of Federal sleg-
islation for an enforceable FEPC
and for their insistence on majority
rule to halt filibusters against civil
rights legislation in the y. S. Sen
ate.
Il am particularly honored,"
Humphrey said, "to note that Sen
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25
DR.. Howard
Continued from Page One)

Gratis Association. the purpose
'of the special meeting is to fully
inform Madison County Negroes
|of the recently extended right of
the Madison County Negro to vote,
to accept membership in the as
ISOLATION and to keep the issue be-
core the Madison County citizens.
Mr.. Johnnie Greene will appear
on program, Mt. Zion M. B. Church
Chorus, Mrs. Rembert Washington
solo, and Cameron Street High
School Band.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25

cratic candidate for Vice President
that the Dixiecrat forces in the
South are lined up solidly behinc
Eisenhower.
Answering an attempted smear
by Governor Thomas E. Dewey OF
New York, Sparkman said:
81 wonder if Governor Dewey is
aware that every Dixiecrat ele-
ment in the South, which has long
condoned the Khan, is now violently
opposing me and supporting Gen
eral Eisenhower.
"Those in the South who be-
lieve in progress for all, regardless
of race, creed or color, are support
ing the candidacy of Governor
Stevenson" -e.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25

of the National Bar Association.
Presently, Flowers serves as a
member of the Board Of Pensions
of the Methodist Church. and is an
active worker in numerous fratern-
al and civic organizations in the
Pine Bluff and Arkansas communi-
ty.
He is married and the father of
six children.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25
Children
Continued from Page One)

children's mother. He told the
sheriff that on the return trip from
visit with relatives their car was
stopped by a group, one of whom
was the nephew who opened the
car and pulled the trigger on the
shotgun, the charge from which
struck his wife in the stomach.
The three young children dis
puted the story and told the sheriff
that their father shot their mother.
Gatlen is being held without
bond in the Marion County Jail
to await the action of the Marion
County grand jury.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-10-25
Eighth District
Continued from Page One)

spiration to push hard, work long
and reach unprecedented heights
Bishop Gibbs through his in
struction has given his minister
and laymen vim, vigor and spir
itual zest to move up little high
er. Stress has been placed on Civ
ing rise to the meaning and i'm
portance of Evangelism in the to-
tai structure of the program fol
this Quadrennium, and as this dis
tinguished Reverend Father-in Goo
says: " all other things shall
be added"
Having given renewed strength
information, and inspiration to the
people of the Eighth, we can pre-,
suppose that the District will, this
Conference year, be characterized
by success, spiritually, and finan-
Evening star., 1952-02-06
British Frlgaie 70 Cruise
| Disputed Antarctic Area
~ .lbe Asseelc,ed Press

LONDON, Feb. 6.-Britain Is
sending the 1,600-ton. well-armed
lfrigate Burghead Bay cruising In
the disputed Antarctic territory
where Argentine shots fired In the
air repulSed q British landing
party last week end.
Informed officials said the ship
would sail from Port Stanley, In
Falkland Islands, In a day or two.
The firing occurred at an island
lin Hope Bay, near the northeast
ern peninsula Of Grahamland.
Both Britain and Argentina claim
\ territory there. The BritisherS
were trying to re-establish q sur
Ivey base at Hope Bay
\ Britain filed o vigorous protest
lof the incident with Argentine
Foreign Minister Jeronimo Reno
Irino yesterday. Remoreno as
Isured the British charge d'ahaires
lin Buel1os Aires that the armed
Il tArgentines ''acted In error" and
lthat their orders had been ''clari-
ifled.
01ncials described the frigate,s
"trip as q customary and seasonal
mission
Evening star., 1952-02-06
II. D. c. Soldiers Back
From Korean Fighting

TWenty-six Washington soldiers
arrived this week at West Coast
ports on rotation from the Korean
war front.
Pfc. Andrew ]. Griggs. 1920
washington place NE. Corpl.
Herman johnson. no address. and
|sergt. Cecil r. Rhodes. 2so9 six
teenth place NE. arrived yester-
day in Seattle.
The following men arrived sun
day ia San Francisco:
Sergt. Paul Blair. no address:
S/Sergt. Leonard L. Bradley. 706
Columbia. road NV: sergt. VII
liam n. Chayis. 724 Ninth street
NE: Pfc. Percy s. Crump. 425
Sixtieth street NE; SfSergt. Mar
shall o. Datcher. 265 Fifty-sixth
street Ne: Sergt. Albert Epps. jr.,
304 Sixty third street Me-: Corpl.
Michael J. Estip. -502 K street SE.
Also. Sergt. George e. Green, Ill
P street S.W.: Corpl. William
Hawkins, 4l6 L street NV:
MfSergt. James G. Hayes, 372O
| Attention road, Sc: Sergt. Sher-
land d. Henderson. AZ Fifty-fourth
street Sc; Sergt. Alvin Mickins.
sos p street NV; Corpl. Jimmie
J. Owens, 1145 Summit place NE:
Corpl. Joseph Payne. 9O2 Twenty
| NTH street NV; Corpl. General
Peterson. 118 E street Sc:
| ISfSergt. Alfred J. Peyton, 865
ITwenty-first street NE.
Also, Corpl. Albert r. Ross, 4700
Meade street NE: Sergt. Wilbur
II. Shields, 1901 independence ave-
|nue Sc; Pfc. Wilton p. Shorts.
jr., 1042 Quebec place NV: Corpl.
Mozelle Smith, 204 Bates street
INV; Sergt. Lee O. Webster. 1414
Fifteenth street NV, and PFC,
jerome Williams, 1909 Central
avenue NE.
Evening star., 1952-02-06

The Advisory Committee on the
study Of nursing needs and re-
sources. now underway in The
District. win meet at 1:s6 pm. to-
morrow III Emergency Hospital to
discuss the procedure and aims Of
the study.
Miss Margaret Arnstein. chief
Evening star., 1952-02-06
Mrs. Gichner 10 Lecture

Mrs. Henry Gichner. Of the jew
fish Community Council. win lee
ture IN the second of q series oi
studies on parent -child relation
ships. sponsored BY the Montgoln-
|ery County Jewish Community
Inc. at $3.50 pm. tomorrow In the
center. S402 Freyman drive. Chevy
Chase.
Evening star., 1952-02-06
Group on Nursing Needs To Discuss Procedures

OF the division Of nursing re.
sources. United States Public
Health Service. who is directing
the survey. WIN report on 1t,
progress.
NJ The Advisory Committee is COM
posed Of representatives Of . score
Of community and civic organi-
zations.
Evening star., 1952-02-06
Scholarship Aworded

Mary Claire Fredericks. $500
Mckinley street NV. has been
awarded the Founders Scholar
ship by Dunbarton College Of
Holy Cross. according to Sister
Mildred Dolores. president Of the
college,
Evening star., 1952-02-06

4t zE ~ Ssz
tsse ~ S1ae. Sc sz
Evening star., 1952-03-27
Third Committee Calls
Gruenther 10 Defend
Foreign Aid Program
BY ,he As.oeioted Pres.

Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther, tor
aide to Gen. Eisenhower. goes be-
fore a third congressional COM
mittee today to support the $7.s
billion foreign aid program.
The Senate Armed Services
Committee called Gen. Gruenther
for a closed hearing. He appeared
previously before the Senate For
eign Relations and House Foreign
Affairs groups.
Today'S session will give Sen
ators on the Armed Services group
a chance to size up the man prom
inently mentioned to succeed Gen
Eisenhower as supreme COM
mander of allied forces in Europe
| Chairman Richards of the House
Foreign Affairs Committee said
yesterday after hearing Gen
Gruenther that the general would
make "a good man" if Gen. Eisen-
hover leaves the post to run for
President.
Ridgway Is In Running.
Mr.. Richards conceded Gen
Matthew B. Ridgway, the top
American commander in the Far
East, is in the running but that
Gen. Gruenther, as Gen. Eisen-
hower's chief of staff, has the best
knowledge and experience for the
shape job.
Mr.. Richards said he felt that
ultimately an European should
take over the supreme command
Ier's post-something Gen. Gruen-
lther himself has advocated--but
he did not think the American
people were ready to accept that
now.
Mr.. Richards committee today
hears Undersecretary of State
David K. E. Bruce in closed session
on the foreign aid bill. The chair-
man said yesterday he hoped his
hearings could be finished by
Easter recess.
Chamber Hits Hearing.
The Senate Foreign Relations
group, which hopes to end its hear
Iings tomorrow, will have Tyker
Wood. assistant deputy director
Eof the Mutual Security Adiminis-
Itration, and other agency officials
in executive session today.
The United States Chamber of
Commerce. in a statement yester-
day formally opposing the foreign
Evening star., 1952-03-27
|conudu Has 100 Papers

OTTAWA.-There are about 100
daily newspapers published in the
Dominion of Canada. counting the
morning and evening editions as
separate units.
Evening star., 1952-03-27

laid bill. accused the Senate com.
mittee of giving the Truman ad.
lminiStration 9-to-1 advantage ir
time allotted to witnesses.
It said high-level spokesmer
such as Secretary of State Ache
son, Secretary of Defense Lovett
IMSA Director w. Averell Harri-
man. Gen. Omar Bradley and
Gen. Gruenther were given nine
days and ample time Ito tes-
ltify.
Limited to 10 Minutes.
But, said the chamber, the COM
Imittee plans to jam all non-G Gov
Eernment witnesses including it.
self and IA other organizations
and individuals representing the
tax-paying public"-into one
day session tomorrow.
In addition. witnesses tomorrow
will be limited to 10 minutes tes-
|timony each.
Opposing "grandiose foreign aid
spending" as a threat to the Ma
tons economy. Chamber Presi-
dent D. A. Hulcy said no new
funds are needed because when
the current fiscal year ends June
80 the administration will have
$7,9 billion in unspent foreign
funds left over from previous
years-the same amount 1t is
asking in new funds.
Evening star., 1952-03-27

Proud Of those timeworn
photographs, aren't you?
But isn't it q shame how
they're foding and crock
ing how time hos
dimmed the likeness Of
Grandpa in Civil War re-
gallo how tottered is
thot sweet picture of Aunt
Ello in mutton sleeves. Don't
let time destroy them. Their
original charm can be re-
stored
Evening star., 1952-03-27
last 3 days

1O% (:s* .:!::: @ ct st. ,!:;::::: :::s::;
~" pictures, for ereot-
iine lasting minio-
off ::i.; ::.;:,, = !: !; ss::,s:' 80. s: ::-
Your original returned unframed
PHOTO STUDIO
Third Floor. North Building
Evening star., 1952-03-27

trio Appliances, Second Floor, North Building Only
Evening star., 1952-07-25
End of Secret Truce PorIeys
|Brinqs No Gains onPWIssu

insisted on the return of 10000
prisoners. These include 10000
Chinese captives of whom only
6.400 will return voluntarily.
North Korean Gen. Nam II, the
senior Red negotiator, conceded
the prisoner exchange issue had
become not a matter of principle,
but of ''lists and numbers" He
urged the United Nations to pre-
sent a figure approaching real
ity." But the Allies said Gen. Nam
never reconciled his statements
and proposals with the Allied re-
port that almost three-fourths of
the Chinese in Allied prisoner
camps would resist repatriation.
The Communist general on
July 6 submitted a vague pro-
posal largely repeating an earlier
Red suggestion-that all foreign
prisoners, Chinese apd United
Nations. be exchanged and that
Koreans be disposed Of In ac-
cordance with where they for
merly lived.
Gen. Harrison offered to allow
the Communists to check the
Allied screening figures, but Gen.
Nam f1ately refused even to
recognize the screening.
The Communists today proposed
"a meeting of staff officers to dis
cuss "details" Of the wording Of
an armistice agreement.
I'VE are going to consider the
Gen. Harrison said. All
matters in agreement have been
drafted, but approval Of the word
ing has been held up for solution
0f tho Y1riS0Yar iSSNn
Evening star., 1952-07-25
Puerto Rico Becomes
Free Commonwealth
Under Own Flag Today
BY the Assoeiaied Press

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico, July
25-Puerto Rico joyfully assumed
her new role as a self-governing
free commonwealth" associated
with the United States today
exactly 54 years after American
troops landed on the Caribbean
island during the Spanish
can War.
Flags of the new commonwealth
were to fiutter out over all the
islands public buildings at noon
today, signaling the adoption of
the new constitution under which
the two and a quarter million
Puerto Ricans will administer
their own affairs.
Gov. Luis Munoz Marin, who
has been active in pushing the
new constitution since he became
Puerto Rico's first elected Governor
in 1948, was to hoist the islands s
red, white and blue banner over
the capitol building here. Parades
and celebrations were planned in
all the islands towns and cities.
July IS long has been a local
holiday commemorating the 1898
landing of the Americans who
wrested the island from SPANS
400-year rule. From now on the