davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The guardian., 1952-05-17

does it"
Samuel w. Taylor.
N& ~ ##
AMERICAN DAY is being cell
ebrated and, in some places,
people are boasting they are
better Americans" than your
humber colored citizen. They
are big Flag Waivers. Like Nc
Carthy, they claim mortgage"
on U. S. Loyalty. Yet, in every
war participated in by this coun-
try, no citizen has endured more
sacrifice or given more than our
Tan YankS.
So 80 -
BAY STATE veterans of color
will emphasis and confirm this
fact May 18 Sunday morning
as Harvard alumnus, Judge Ned
Gourdin, leads thinning ranks of
veterans of past wars in a solemn
soldierly procession to the 18th
Baptist church in the annual
Memorial to departed comrades
dating back to Attucks in ITO,
which is before the U. S. Con-
stitutional government was ever
born (1789).
80 && 81
RED COATS of Britain were
not only challenged by first
martyr Crispus Attucks of Bos-
ton. There were other colored
martyres including Colonial Ar
my veteran Alexander Hamilton,
who died in duel with Empire
advocate" Aaron Burr. Hamilton
defended the Constitution. He
was one of its prime sponsors
and initiated the first Constitu-
tional meeting.
~ ~ -
PETER SALEM, the Bay State
hero of Bunker Hill even had a
memorial established in 1882 by
the townspeople of birmingham.
Peter was Only one of the thou
sands of colored troops who
fought under General Washing
ington, including units from Con-
necticut and Rhode Island. Salem
fought at Concord, Bunker Hill
and Saratoga. He symbolizes the
New England colored minute
Man of his era.
#& - ~
COLONEL SHAW who died
with his Tan Yanks protecting
the Union provides another proof
of the Bay State veterans of
color. The 54th and 55th made
immortal history. Battling south
ward, the 54th alone lost 300 men
at Fort Wagner, and lost 300
more at Oloustee, Florida, res
cuing a trapped us. Brigade,
But why go into this history It's
all we'll written by 54th comrade
J. T. Wilson. Also by W. w.
Brown.
- /" /.
TEDDY ROOSEVELT knew
and spoke proudly of the colored
veterans gallantry in the Span
ish war. The 9th and 10th Caval-
ry and the gath and 25th Infan-
try, plus the brilliant bravery of
colored seamen under Dewey is
not in the average schoolbook.
But veterans know. And Tan
Yanks of BLACK Jack" Pershing,
battling Souix Indians in Dakotas
and Pancho Villa in Mexico and
later Germans in Europe. They
know, too.
- As -
WORLD WARS one and two
are slater chapters" of the Bay
State veterans contribution to
this nation on land and sea. But
the modern ranks" will be add
ed to by members of Korea
NATO, tn Airforce, Coast Guard,
Marines, Wacs, Wafs, and Waves.
This annual Tan Yank Memorial
could, like the italian, Jewish,
and other vet organizations,
grow into "major event" in this
state. That should be its loyal
purpose.
- - -
VETERAN POSTS of the Bay
State only on a united basis, can
achieve much toward fostering
loyalty and preserving the mem
ory of Tan Yanks dating back to
1770. Working together, white and
colored will someday march side
by side to memorials of Salem,
Attucks, Shaw, Lincoln. To-morr
row is the beginning, men. Pass
In Reviewl
The guardian., 1952-05-17

Editor of THE GUARDIAN who will be honored by
people in all walks of life when they gather Peoples
Baptist Church. Tuesday evening" May o. He devoted his life
to the fight for full equality for all Americans and sowed the
seed that bearing fruit in bettered conditions for his
race Phi Beta Kappa Harvard man. first of the to win
this honor among the first in his of several hundred
The above photo shows him theageof 80 he began his
labors his race giving up opportunity for gaining riches
as mortgage broker giving up and social life for the
Evening star., 1952-08-17

by air. But the volume Of trav-
elers who delight in the quick,
comfortable and reasonable
service Of the airlines has been
whiting down the steamships
popularity with almost every
passing month.
Air travel predominates in the
Latin American tourist trade.
More Prosperous
But the dominant reason the
great American sightseer is
stumbling over his fellow coun-
trymen wherever he travels is
the simple. and rather pleasant,
fact that more Americans can
afford to travel overseas than
ever before.
Prior to World War II the
greatest travel year was 1880,
when 203.174 Americans went
abroad. But in another i've
years the experts anticipate even
the present record year will pale
In comparison to the l million
Americans expected to take OF
for sightseeing in the far, exotic
corners Of this globe.
Evening star., 1952-08-17

Three weeks of conferences
on geography ended here Fri
day night, climaxed by the
final session of the 17th Inter-
national Geographical Con-
gress. Although each of the
four groups involved tackled
special problems, all discus
sions ultimately focused on the
job of improving the earth for
humanity. This was particu-
larly true of the Geographical
Congress, which devoted much
Of it's time to the study Of land
use and world health survey.
The once-dry, academic SUBJ
ject of geography has come a
long way since the first Inter-
national Geographical Con-
gress convened at Antwerp in
1871. Mere statistics on alti-
tudes, climates and world
capitals have been augmented
by a new phase-human geog-
raphy.
Last week, concern for the
Evening star., 1952-08-17
More Americans Going Abroad

One more indication Of how
dead isolationism is in America
is the spectacularly mounting
number of people who are 60
ing abroad these days. They
are moving out in greater num-
bers and spending more dollars
than ever before in history.
Cut-rate plane trips have been
one. of the major inducements
to increased travel.
For the first six months of
this year the ubiquitous Amer
ican traveller applied for 244,-
$50 passports, compared to 210,-
703 in the first half of 1850,
another record-breaking year
when total of 299. SOS Amer
leans visited abroad.
The Passport and Visa Divi-
sion of the State Department
expects that by the end of 1852
approximately $4,000 Amer
leans will have slipped away
from the United States for the
long-dreamed-of trip to other
shores.
These travelling citizens are
carrying windfall with them
the most-sought-after currency
in the world-hard. spendable
United States dollars, the "open
sesame" that brings cash reg
lister smiles to the bustling. col
orful bazaars of the Middle
East: the suave, sophisticated
dress shops Of Paris or the gov
ernment travel bureaus of the
Orient.
$786 Million in 1850
In 1850, the AAA said, Amer
ican tourist expenditures in for
eign countries, and on foreign
carriers, amounted to approx
mately $786 million.
This year, the AAA estimates,
tourist spending will reach
nearly 81 bi1lion-an amount
almost one-sixth as large as the
Federal foreign-aid spending
programs all over the world.
Little wonder that the United
States traveller is the most
Evening star., 1952-08-17

American Geographical So-
ciety's DR.. Jacques May, an
expert on Southeast Asia's
diseases, the commission must
map out the world in terms Of
pestilence and disease.
Who Has Whot Where
I'VE are rightly spending mil
lions on experimental studies
in cancer" DR.. May says, but
not one penny on an investiga-
ton which would show us where
it occurs. 1t looks as if nature
had laid out a gigantic expert
ment in cancer which nobody
tries to read. We know a lot
about disease but one Of
the most important factors Of
intelligence is the disclosure Of
diSease-who has what and
where. On that subject we know
nearly nothing. It is hoped that
the mapping of the occurrence
Of disease will reveal some i'm
portant factors which can be
used for control"
Although man does carry
disease. there are some areas
where certain diseases cannot
be spread. DR.. May believes that
climate, soil conditions and
other geographical factors de-
termine whether or not a spe-
cif1c disease can take hold in a
particular section. Unless these.
plaques are mapped in advance.
as sort of warning system,
thousands of lives and millions
of dollars might be lost in at
tempting to develop many rela-
lively unknown sections of the
tropicS.
Evening star., 1952-08-17
By G. H. Irving

sought after, pampered and
priced import on earth.
Where are tourists going in
such numbers? That's SIM
ple-everywhere In the world.
Basing it's figures on passports
issued during the first half of
1852. the State Department
says that approximately:
Seventy EIGHT per cent of the
travellers are bound for Europe,
1.9 for Africa, for Australia
New Zealand, 3 for Eastern
Europe. l for the Far East, 1873
for Latin America and is for
the Near East.
Any of several factors may be
responsible for the tremendous
flow Of tourist traffic abroad.
One, Of considerable impor-
tance, is the special tourist rate
the transatlantic airlines re-
Gently put into force when they
cut fares almost Is per cent.
Ships still carry the bulk of
traffic to Europe, approximately
twice as many passengers as 60
Evening star., 1952-08-17

land available for food produc-
ton. The experts agreed that
President Truman's point-four
program Of technical aid to un-
derdeveloped areas had merit.
But, they said. most of the Sec
tions where point-four operates
hold little promise of becoming
future bread baskets of the
world. They pointed to poor
climatic conditions, usually in
the torrid zone, over which man
has no control. Vast regions are
ridden by disease. In other por-
tions of the globe getting point
four aid, soil factors prevent
any large-scale agricultural ef-
fort.
U. S. UnderdeveIoped
The new president of the
group. Britain's DR.. L. Dudley
Stamp, created something of a
furor when he referred to the
Evening star., 1952-08-17

rising world population was re-
peated by almost every speaker
before the congress. The total
is increasing on an average of
10000 daily. At the end Of the
goth century-if the current
birth and death rates con-
tinue-the present population
of 2.5 billion will have jumped
to 4 billion.
Food Problem
Coupled with this prediction
was the warning that existing
methods of food production
cannot hope to meet such a de-
mand. Half of today's popula-
ton is hungry. Unless crop out
put is boosted tremendously,
the additional is billion people
expected by the year 1000 will
drag the world standard Of
living to an appalling low.
And, the geographers were
told, there is little or no more
Evening star., 1952-08-17
By Hugh Humphrey


United States as an underde-
veloped area. In reply to attacks
on his statement, DR.. Stamp
pointed to soil erosion in Amer
ica, saying that this situation
was unequaled anywhere else in
the world. The Mississippi VAL
ley. DR.. Stamp said, is capable
OF turning out food for 500 mil
lion people If the land is used
to its maximum efficiency.
The Briten should know. His
land-uSe maps. begun in 1880,
did much to keep England from
starving during World War II.
BY studying his surveys, agricul-
tural experts discovered what
sections of the country would
produce the greatest yield of a
given crop.
Planning, through geography,
is the answer to the worlds pop
ulatlon and food problems, the
congress more or less agreed.
While millions are being spent
on technical assistance to un-
derdeveloped countries, geogra-
piers are seeking q relatively
few dollars for a land-use survey
which might insure any new aid
programs against failure.
Maps Come First
Every factor in mans rela-
ton to the earth must be
mapped, they believe. Soil
types. insect life. attitudes,
climate and areas of disease are
only a lew of the studies they
hold necessary. When. these
maps are complete, other ex-
Evening star., 1952-08-17

perts can determine the prac-
tical aspects of sinking money
into an improvement project.
If a single element, such as al
most continuous typhus, is
found in a section due for de-
velopment, planners might save
millions by learning first
whether the disease could be
wiped out.
When the land use survey is
completed, it cannot serve its
full purpose until the Commits
sion on Medical Geography
finishes its task. Headed by the
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Metropolitan Scene
Death Of Accident Victim Spurs
Call for Suner Boundaries Here
By John w. Thompson, Jr.

Every so often it happens.
Arbitrary political boundaries
carving up the Metropolitan
Area Of the Nations Capital
interfere with caring for human
misery or the saving of a human
life.
This time an old fire tax
feud between Takoma Park,
Md. and Prince Georges County
may have cost an auto accident
victim his life. The Takoma
Park Rescue Squad-only a
mile from the scene-refused
to respond to a call for aid
after a pre-dawn accident on
EaSt-West highway because the
crash occurred just outside its
territory. Brentwood Rescue
Squad came from 3 miles away
to carry two victims to the
Leland Memorial Hospital. One
was dead on arrival.
No one will say that the fail
ure Of Takoma to respond
caused this death. 1t may have
happened anyhow. But the
incident does point up dra-
matically the need to revamp
certain basic protective services
on an area rather than separate
jurisdictional level. Last April
Takoma did not respond when
a 6-year-old drowned in the
Chillum area.
Elsewhere, however. the drive
for area integration goes on.
The unofficial Washington
Regional Council has slipped
quietly out of existence to make
way for the National Capital
Regional Planning Council,
newly provided by law.
The new council is called for
In the act revamping and ex-
tending the functions of the
old National Capital Park and
Planning Commission. The COM
mission now is renamed the
National Capital Planning Com
mission.
Eight members Of the new
10 member council will be
named by the commission.
Groups from Maryland and Vir-
ginia are submitting nomina-
tions. It's the first time the
nearby representatives have had
a chance to figure Importantly
in area planning. District mem
bers are specified in the law
the planning commission chair
man and the Engineer Commits
Sioner.
The revamped commission has
held its first organizational
meeting under its new name and
ordered a survey of mass trans
portation problems of the area.
Harland Bartholomew of St.
Louis. who probably knows al
most as much about District
area planning as any man alive,
has been told to make the study.
The study suggestion was the
outgrowth Of the presentation
to the commission of the Dis
trict's new $140 million long
range highway improvement
program. 1t follows closely on
the suggestion by Louis E.
Wolfson, head of the Capital
Transit Co., that public trans
portation be reorganized on an
area basis to replace the sew
eral companies now operating
separately in the various juris-
dictions.
Incidentally, Mr.. Bartholo-
NEW is said to have been the
man who tipped the scales in
favor of the commissioners plan
for reorganizing the District
government over the Budget
Bureau plan for a city manager
council form Of government.
President Truman talked to him
about the two plans and ended
supporting the Commissioners.
Newest development for area
1ntegration is the formation of
q Metropolitan Area Traffic
Evening star., 1952-08-17

Committee last Wednesday. It is
the outgrowth of meeting here
last June of the Commissioners
and Governors Conference on
Metropolitan Washington Traf-
fic Problems. Engineer Com
missioner Robinson has been
named chairman of the new
committee. Top county officials
will be vice presidents. The
committee will cover, among
other things, law enforcement.
congestion. drivers licensing and
inspection, safety and public
information.
Meanwhile. the Washington
Gas Light Co. is trying to con-
solidate it's area operations in
the Washington company in
stead of separating them by ju-
risdiction.
On the debit side, Potomac
Electric Power Co.. which al
ready has its operations con-
solidated, is heavily embroiled
with Montgomery County over
renewal of the company charter.
The county wants 100000 an
nually as the price for renewal.
Only a nominal franchise fee is
paid currently. The county also
wants to be able to require that
the lines be put underground in
certain cases, and to be able to
revise the agreement at any
time. Pepco, with big invest
ment in the county, has threat
ened suit if the 1927 agreement
is not renewed. The final Mont
gomery County Council decision
may come September "a. In the
meantime, it's open to counter
proposal.
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Hornets Nest

Hornets Nest
Health Officer Daniel L. Seek
niger has plunked himself
squarely in the middle of a
hornets nest by trying to take
over the work of the Instruc-
tive Visiting Nurse Society.
There seems no indication the
department has the staff to per-
form the services IVNS has been
giving. The job may well be
properly public function. Ger
tainly it involves tax money.
The two sides are due to meet
August 26 with Commissioner
Camalier to try to iron out the
Squabble.
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Old Court Building


It looks as if the District has
lost out in its effort to get the
old District Court Building.
According to present plans.
General Services Administration
is going to fill it up with Federal
agencies now occupying rented
space around town. All court
activities should be out Of the
old and into the new building
by early next month.
Welcome Tex News
Virginia taxpayers got the
welcome news the other day
that the State revenues are high
enough to permit a 9 per cent
credit on their income taxes.
This adjustment is provided
automatically by the Byrd act
which calls for a S per cent
credit when revenues go above
$105, ,344, ,399. An additional
per cent is Topped for each
$61O,230 above that.
Maryland, with a juicy $15.5
million surplus, is also consider
ing some tax relief.
In the District, no relief is in
sight. The city entered the new
fiscal year July l with an $11
million unappropriated general
fund surplus resulting from a
traditional underestimation of
revenues and cuts made by Con-
gress in requested appropriation
items. With vast backlog of
needs, however, no tax reduction
is under consideration.
\ X 4 4
Aovnat'e Neet
Evening star., 1952-07-14

major reinforcements, everything
possible had to be for them: "The
people of China, of the Philip
pines, of the Dutch East Indies
will be watching U.S." Australia
must be set up and expanded as
a great American base.
Acclaimed As Planner
Marshall said he agreed. Gen.
Eisenhower found himself being
drawn more and more into plan
ming and further from his dream,
a combat command. In February,
1912, he was made head of the
War Planning Division. The next
month he was sent to London by
Gen. Marshall to prepare a highly
strategic report. Directive for the
Commanding General. European
Theater of Operations"
On June 8, Gen. Marshall
read the report. On June IL Gen.
Eisenhower had his orders. He was
to fly to London and take full
command Of the ETO.
History had suddenly made a
lot of room for the boy from Abb
lene.
Second of a series. Tomor-
row: Crusade in EurOpe.)
Evening star., 1952-07-14
The Eisenhower Story
By Soul Petit
Associated Press StoH Writer

Young Dwight D. Eisenhower
waited a long time for advance
ment after his graduation from
West Point in 1915.
He served five years before be-
coming a permanent major. And
then he waited Is years for his
next promotion.
Although he had drifted into the
Army accidentally, he was restless
to get ahead. He worked hard. He
was eternally impatient to lead
troops" But for most Of the long
years before 1941, through most of
the dreary tours at various Army
posts, he taught or received in
struction or did paper work.
For the first 27 years, he never
had a single combat command.
Never even led a platoon or squad
into battle. And then suddenly, in
1912, he was given command of an
entire theater.
In the % months after 1910,
Eisenhower climbed, or was pulled
up over the heads of scores of
others. from a lieutenant colonel
to full general. The Army had
rarely seen anything like it. But
before that, there was the long
dreary beginning.
Meets Mamie nOwd.
After the academy, 1t. Eisen-
hover was first assigned to the
18th Infantry at Fort Sam Hous-
ton, Texas. Professionally, the
tour was insignificant. Personally
it was highly important. It was
here. at a party, that he met
Mamie (not a nickname) Geneva
Dowd, pretty daughter of a pros
porous retired grain and cattle
The Dowds, who lived
in Denver, happened to be visit
ing Texas at the time.
Dwight and Mamie were mar
ried in Denver on July l, 1916
One year later they had a son
Dwight Dowd. who was nicknamed
Icky. The boy died of scarlet
fever three years later. It was the
worst personal tragedy the soldier
ever had. For many months after,
he said later. he was ION the
ragged edge of a breakdown"
A second son was born at Fort
Logan, Colo. in 1928. Today John
Sheldon Dowd Eisenhower is q
major stationed until recently al
the Fort Knox (Ky0 Armoreo
School. He leaves soon for Korea
He is married and the father ot
three young children. The oldest
is 4 and the image and apple o1
Grandpa Ike's eye.
During the World War I 1t
Eisenhower tried but failed to gel
overseas. He had to be content
Evening star., 1952-07-14
U. S. Envoy Louds ItuIiuns

PALERMO, Sicily, July IA (P.-
Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker
yesterday praised the vigor of the
Italian government and regional
officials in attacking serious eco
nomic problems of Sicily. He
spoke at a luncheon during his
first visit to Sicily since his ap-
pointment.
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Survivors Of Crash
In Yukon Recovering;
One Crewman Dead
BY the Assoeioted Press

ANCHORAGE, Alaska, July IA.
ALI seven survivors of a Bit
crash in the mountain wilds near
the Alaska-Yukon border were re-
ported by the Air Force today to
be recovering satisfactorily here.
Names of the seven men and
their fellow crewman who died in
the Friday morning crack-up were
to be released later.
Only one of the survivors was
in serious condition with severe
burns. and he was said to be i'm
proving. Four others had varying
degrees of burns and bruises, while
two escaped with only minor
bruises.
Plenty of Food and Water.
The Air Force said the Bit
search bomber of the 10th Air
Rescue Squadron crashed and
burned near Snag, Yukon Terri
tory, in the area it had been as
signed to hunt for a Royal Cana
dian Air Force Mitchell bomber
missing in the Yukon since June
80 with six men aboard.
The seven survivors Salvaged
several survival kits before the
plane burned. They set up wind
breaks and had plenty of food
and water.
Within two hours after they
were reported overdue Friday aft
ernoon at Whitehorse, Y. T., other
search planes from their squadron
had spotted them. A doctor and
three assistants parachuted to
them.
Reached by Helicopters.
Soon, helicopters reached the
scene and the airmen were fer
ried out one-by-one to Snag, about
80 miles away. A CAT brought the
seven injured men here from
Snag, completing the rescue Sat-
urday.
RescuerS said it was remark
able that only one of the crew of
five officers and three enlisted men
was killed.
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Nicholas Allen Appointed
To Commerce Department

Nicholas E. Allen. 13 Black
istone road,> Westmoreland Hills,
Md, has been named deputy to j.
Thomas Schneider, Assistant Sec
retary of Commerce for Interna-
tional Affairs, the Commerce De-
partment announced today.
Mr.. Allen, an attorney, has
served in various Government
posts for IS years. His most re-
cent position was with the Ma
tional Production Authority, where
he was adviser to the Iron and
Steel Division and served in the
office of the general counsel.
A native of Atlanta, Ga, Mr..
Allen was graduated from Prince
ton in 1929. He obtained a law de-
gree from Harvard Law School in
1882.
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Myron Toyfor Baek !
From Mission Abroad
BY the Asseciated Press

NEW YORK, July 14.-Myron
c. Taylor, formerly the Presi-
dents personal representative to
the Vatican. returned from Europe
yesterday aboard the liner Queen
Elizabeth after performing what
he termed "a special mission for
President Truman"
Mr.. Taylor firmly declined tc
discuss with reporters the nature
of the mission. He said he had
visited the Vatican, London
Paris and Rome during the trip
Evening star., 1952-07-14

Mont NebE N Tts
Iss. 81 & S. Id & s's''1I 81 ..e:: Ss';a % ~ y. j:s:
Doulas Gillette u - - - -
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Democratic Delegate Poll

elegation next Thursday. the latest
al Convention votes based on pledges