davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-06-02

ment admits that these condi-
tions were not met and that the
Presidents order was not rooted
in either of them. The Govern
ment refers to the seizure pro-
visions of one of these statutes
Is 201 (b) of the Defense Pro-
duction Act) as much too GUM
bersome, involved. and time
consuming for the crisis which
was at hand"
Evening star., 1952-06-02

la public use" the dissenting opin-
ion held. 1.-THE power of eminent
domain, invoked in this case, is an
essential attribute Of sovereignty
and has long been recognized as
a power Of the Federal Govern
ment. Plaintiffs are assured of
receiving the required just COM
penSation."
The Chief Justice said that If
the President had to wait for
congressional action to cope with
threatened disaster In every in
stance, he would be powerless at
the very moment when the need
for action would be most pressing.
Chief Justice Virlson quoted
Chief Justice Marshall as well as
Alexander Hamilton in support of
his contention that under certain
circumstances the President can
act under his general constitu-
tional powers to meet a sudden
emergency.
Focusing on the situation con-
fronting the President on the
night of April 8, 1882" Chief JUS
tice Vinson wrote, I'VE cannot but
conclude that the President was
performing his duty under the
Constitution to take care that the
laws be faithfully executed
much Of the argument In this
case has been directed at straw
men. We do not now have be-
fore us the case of a President
acting solely on the basis of his
own notions Of the public welfare
Nor is there, any question of un.
limited executive power in thi.
case. =. The absence of a spe.
cif1c statute authorizing, seizrlrs
Of the steel mills as a mode o1
executing the laws-both the mil.
itary procurement program ane
the anti-inf1ation program-has
not until today been thought tt
prevent. the. President from lex.
ecuting the laws. .Flexihility as tt
mode of execution to meet crit.
cal situations Is a matter of prac.
tical necessity" he wrote. .--.,.--,
Evening star., 1952-06-02

demonstrate that in this case the
President acted in full conformity
with his duties under the Consti-
Etutin11 ~
Evening star., 1952-06-02

fOemOOSLEaUcs LfldC III CIlIS Case CIlG
President acted in full conformity
with his duties under the Consti-
tuition"
|. Seizure for Public Use.
Justice Black noted however.
that Congress has unquestioned
authority to authorize the taking
lof private property for public use.
Congress also can properly make
laws regulating the relationship
between employers and employees.
prescribing rules aimed at settling
labor disputes and fixing, wages
and working conditions in certain
fields.
But the Constitution" Justice
Black emphasized. "did not sub
Ipect this lawmaking power of
Congress to presidential or mill
tary supervision or control"
The majority opinion recalled
Government arguments that other
Presidents had taken possession of
private property in various emer-
Igencies without Congressional au-
thority.
even if this be true" Justice
Black said, Congress has not
Thereby lost its exclusive Constitu-
tional authority to make laws nee
essary and proper to carry out the
powers vested by the Constitution
lin the Government of the United
Estates or any department or
officer thereof
"The founders of this. Nation
entrusted the law-making power
to the Congress alone in good
and bad times.
'sIt would do no good to recall
the. historical events, the fears OF
power and the hopes for freedom
that lay behind their choice
Such review would but confirm
our holding that this seizure order
cannot stand. The judgment OF
the District Court is affirmed"
| f.
Can't Support Pines Views.
In the dissenting opinion, Chief
Justice Vinson declared that he
and Justices Reed and Minton
could not support Judge Pines
opinion on any grounds. They
said they dissented because OF
the transcending Importance OF
the questions presented not only
in this critical litigation but also
to the powers of the President
and Of future Presidents to act
in time Of crisis
Chief JuStic Vinson contended
that, in passing on the question
Of the Presidents powers, the
court should have given greater
consideration to "the context ir
which those powers were exer-
cised."
He conceded that the case in
volved an extraordinary claim OF
powers. but he insisted that these
are extraordinary times"
The dissenters maintained that
the President not only had the
authority but a duty to carry out
various Legislative enactments
such as the Defense Production
Act, as well as various treaty obli-
cations. Full compliance with
those programs justified the Pres.
ident in taking the drastic actor
of seizing the steel mills to prevent
a strike that would have stopped
Essential production, Chief Justice
} Vinson added.
j He also noted that President
; Truman. at the time of the seizure
!. specifically asked Congress fol
legislation with reference to oper.
f alton of the steel mills, Congress.
has not yet acted on the matter
; the Chief Justice observed.
"The steel mills were seized fel
Evening star., 1952-06-02
ChiIdren's Operettu Slated

Fifth and sixth grade pupils Of
the Silver Spring intermediate
School will present an operetta at
8 pm. Thursday in the school. It
was written by the fifth graders.
Evening star., 1952-06-02

ships between employers and
employees. prescribing rules.
designed to settle labor dis
putes. and fixing wages and
working conditions in certain
fields of our economy. The
Constitution did not subject
this law-making power of Con-
gress to presidential or military
supervision or control.
Evening star., 1952-06-02

laDOT- controversy Dyl
executive fat. The industry, he
insisted. made an adequate show
ing Of present as well as impend-
ing irreparable damage if only
because of the Administrations
threat to change wages and work.
ing conditions without manage
|ment consent.
He warned that if the seizure
was upheld it would set prece-
dent that might tempt some later
President to grab power or to force
wage cuts or longer hours, i
Mr.. Perlman told the Court the
President had ample authority and
Jan official duty under the Consti-
tuition to order the seizure. It was
the only effective way the Presi-
dent could have prevented a dis
lastrous stoppage of steel produc-
ton in an national emergency
amounting essentially to war con-
ditions. he declared.
The Governments main STRAIT
egy, however, was to have the
court decide the case without
reaching the constitutional issue.
Mr.. Perlman denied the COM
panies had experienced Tor would
suffer irreparable loss. But if they
did, he added, they would have
an adequate remedy to recover
damages later in court.
/ Ruling Contested by PerIman.
II Judge Pines ruling should be
Overturned, Mr.. Perlman said, be-
cause the judge did not follow
established procedures or proper
lily consider the balance of
Equities" in deciding motions for
a preliminary Injunction.
Mr.. Perlman contended the
harm to the national welfare if
President Truman had not seized
the plants would have far OUT
weighed damage the steel COM
ipanieS might suffer.
He argued the industry had
made no clear showing of dam
Iage. whereas the threat to ma
Itional security was evident, Judge
Pine should have decided the case
on that point without deciding
that, the seizure was unconstitu-
tional. he said. ~-~.
President Truman issued, the
seizure order to avert a threat
ened strike of 65O,OOO steelworkers
at one minute after midnight,
April 9. In District Court a few
hours later Judge Alexander
Holtzof denied a request by three
of the steel companies for To-
day restraining order.
I Judge Pine heard arguments
April "a and Is on petitions by
six companies seeking a prelim-
mary injunction to stop Secretary
of Commerce Sawyer from carry
ing out the order. Those argu-
ments dealt mainly with the
Presidents inherent" powers un-
lder the Constitution. On April
80, Judge Pine ruled that the
seizure order was unconstitutional
and illegal. !. - s--.~
Appeals Court Ruling.
!. In an unusual setting. the full
nine-member bench of the Court
Inf Ar1rnoIS mot ApriI an opd NIou
Evening star., 1952-06-02
President S Seizure .
Steel Mills Held
illegal in 6-3 Ruling
CONTINUED From First Page.)

CONTINUED From First Page)
tutional language grants this
power to the President. =. The
order cannot properly be sus-
tanned as an exercise Of the Pres
ident' military power as COM
mander in chief Of the armed
forces. Even though 'theater
|of war be an expanding concept,
we cannot with faithfulness to
our constitutional system hold
that the commander in chief of
the armed forces has the ultimate
power. as such. to take possession
|of private property in order to
keep labor disputes from stop
ping production. This is q job
for the Nations lawmakers, not
for its military authorities.
Nor can the seizure order be
sustained because of the several
constitutional provisions tina t
grant executive power to the Pres
ident. .-'''''-'-'
Functions Limited.
"In the framework of our Con-
stitution. the Presidents power
to see that the laws are faithfully
lexecuted- refutes the idea that he
is to be a lawmaker. The Con-
lstitution limits his functions in
the lawmaking process to the rec
ommending of laws he thinks
wise, and the vetoing of laws he
thinks bad. And the Constitution
Is neither silent nor equiyoca
about who shall make laws which
the President is to execute.
"The Presidents order does not
direct that a constitutional policy
be executed in a manner pre-
scribed by Congress. It directs
that a presidential policy be exc
Icuted in manner prescribed by
the President"
The dissenting opinion noted
that some of the justices believed
the President lacked power to act
in time Of crisis in the absence
of express statutory authority. 1t
observed that other Justices used
other reasoning to arrive at the
agreement upholding Judge Pine
No Time for Timorous Action.
"As the District judge stated, y
Chief Justice Vinson wrote, this
is, no time for tinorous judicial
action. But neither is this a time
for timorous executive action.
Faced with the duty of execut-
ing the disastrous effects that any
stoppage In steel production would
have on those programs, the Presi-
dent acted to preserve those pro-
grams by seizing the steel mills
There Is no question that the pos
session was other than temporary
in character, and subject to Con-
gressional directior-either ap-
proving, disappearing or regulat-
ing the manner in which the
mills were to be administered anC
returned to their owners. A.
"The President Immediately in.
formed Congress of his action ant
clearly stated his intention tt
Iabide by the legislative will. M
basis for claims of arbitrary ac
Ition. unlimited powers. or dicta
Itorial usurpation of congressional
power appears from the facts o
this case!s On the contrary
judicial, legislation and executive
precedents throughout our history
Evening star., 1952-06-02
Appeals Court Ruling.

In an unusual setting. the full
nine member bench of the Court
|of Appeals met. April 80 and May
4. BY a 5-4 vote, it granted the
Governments request that effec-
Itiveness of Judge Pines ruling be
stayed pending Supreme Cou!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
ADVERTISEMENT.
Perfume That Clings

Q.-Dear Penny: adore perfume,
but for some reason or other its
fragrance just does not last on me.
1 have told several of my friends
that 1 want a new perfume, but
first I must find out about . last
ing 0ne.-Mrs. A. w.
IA particularly good idea for
women who claim that perfume
does not stay with them" is a
Liquid Skin Sachet. It smooths on
the skin very easily, and fingers
longer because of its sachet base.
1t has a slower rate of diffusion and
evaporation than any other type of
fragrance. Try this Houbigant
Chantilly Liquid Skin Sachet. Only
$1.85 plus tax at better stores.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08

Eugene Brown, As, 1910 end st NV.
Robert Faison, IS, 2O4 Rhode Island ave.
NV.
John Burnside, 43, 1877 P st. NV.
Etnel Grimm, SO, I'LL Corcoran st. NV.
Lewis Wiley, "a, 1921 R st. NV.
Infant William Brooks. Washington.
Mary A. Mason, 81, 1925 18th st. NV.
Martha j. Terrell. so, Takoma Park, Md.
Mary Quinn, II, go H st. ne.
Margaret Walls, rs. 1905 East Capitol st.
Harry Eckhardt, g, HOY buchanan st.
NV.
Katherine H. Roller. 81. 4423 Fessenden
st. NV.
Edith W. Wright. O., Bethesda. Md.
Charles s. Segelbaum, 55, Falls Church, Va.
Jesse E Veiteh. So, Silver Spring, Md.
Infant MCQUEEN, Arlington, Va.
EDWARD Thomas, II, 1920 Fairmont st.
NV.
Edward A. Wallace, SO. 3O9 T st.n.w
Martha watkins, 80, 1918 l4th st. NV.
Ralph Kicks, 80, 625 Marion Ct NV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Deaths

Sarah Gwyer. 90, 4107 3Sth st. NV.
Della Jackson, So, 1925 Ontario I'd. NV.
Katherine Smith, SO, 1925 New Hamsphirl
NV.
Marion Reybold. 81. 1851 Crescent ave
NV.
Oliver Turner. 80, Chevy Chase, Md.
Cora Leech. II, 422 Allison st. NV.
Hubert Corens, 72, $500 14th st. NV.
Hairy Burton, 66, 452 New Jersey ave- Sc
Charles Eicher, SO, 1920 Goth st. NV.
Elizabeth Krause, 40. 4S6 st. s.w.
Charles High, 8, 1907 Addison I'd. ne.
Infant Lawrence Wallace, Welcome, Md.
Hamilton Quigley. 90, 1915 C st. ne.
Amanda Smith, 90, Guilford ct. sc.
Horace Payne. "a, 22O ST. NV.
Iena Bunoy, SO, 4513 Meade st. ne.
William Campbell. SO, 9I3 M st. NV.
Dennis Greene, 46, 944 S St NV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08

Llyod and Isabelle Harlow.
Stephen and Barbara Herthel.
Leonard and Nellie Higgins.
Frederick and Jeanne Hamper.
Stanley and Dorothy Kromrel.
Russell and Mary Layton.
Raymond and Betty Mackey,
John and Mary Merritt.
Thomas and Betty Mulligan.
Melvin and Dolores Miller.
L IaSIs. and Pesgy Norftill.
Herbert and Efie Pitts.
John and Dorothy Purdy,
Rudolph and Ruby Ruehl.
Robert and Sara Sterling.
Kenneth and Jean Stoner.
Donald and Billie Thorn.
Thaddeus AM Phyllis Tomas.
Alfred and Mary Torelli.
Louis and Monesti Unkelbach.
Bill and Hazel Upton.
Garl and "a D9 eFo Weller Weller
John, and Margaret Williamson.
Charles and Frances Wirth.
Raymond and Austine Allen.
Francis and Evelyn Ashe.
James and Betty Booze.
Levi and Pattie Boone.
VINCENT and Lucille Browne.
Nathan and Christine Burleson.
Arthur and Mary Butler.
James and Henrietta Bynum.
Charles and Bessie Chase.
John and Matte Davis.
Arthur and Margaret Eatmon.
Charles and Jennie Ellis.
Archie and Loretta Ferguson.
Jerome and Marjorie Finch.
Franklin and Alene Green.
Shillie and Ella Hall.
Fred and Agnes Hopkins.
Leroy and Leona James.
Francis and Adelaide Jefferson.
James and Julia johnson.
Ernest and Addie Lewis.
Daniel and Alberta Magruder.
Robert and Sarah Marvin.
Arthur and Ruth Miller.
Melvin and Gloria Moore.
William and Minnie Morris.
James and Sheila Payne.
John and Mabel Phifer.
George and Elsie Phillips.
Kenneth and Ruby Plummer.
Matthew and Leila Shorter.
John and Rosalie Short.
James and Lottie Thomas.
Alton and Cleo Walden.
JuniouS and Edna Massey.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Elizabeth Gives Up Rank

LONDON, April 8 F.-The
War Office announced yesterday
that Queen Elizabeth II has given
up her rank as honorary brigadier
of the Women's Royal Army Corps
because of circumstances con-
nected with her accession to the
throne"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Boys Play Shirts

Short sleeve Jacquard potterns in many
eoIors. All washable and perfect fo
summer. Sizes s to Is.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Tots Dungarees

Washable denim in boxer waist sty
Riveted pockets. Full cut, long weorin
Sizes 3 to s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08


Phillip and Rita Blair.
Jack and Vera Caldwell.
Robert and Audrey Chase.
Edward and Ann Fontneau.
Leon and Virginia Graham.
Robert and Ruth Gray.
Berlin and Jean Green.
Robert and Janet Guess.
James and Joy Holman.
s snhart ana d MaEgaret Horanie.
Henry and Shirley James.
Robert and Mary Kaercher.
Marvin and Esther Kaplan.
William and Frances Kurilko.
John and Joyce Land.
James and Helen Landon.
George and IS cara M M55oucfiL'
Homer and Mary Mihm.
Charles and Lois Milewski.
Paul and Evelyn Nelson.
Dorr and Karolen Newton.
Robert and Lois Quilhot.
Kenneth and Shirley sey nHsHn'
William and Ida Shell.
Russell and Lois Simpson.
Charles and Margaret Smith.
Harold Tnh and Jean Stevenson.
Robert and Merrill Ward.
Edward and Charlotte Wheeler.
George and Rosemary VIM.
Francis and Theesa Young.
William and Algertha Armstrong.
William and Hannah Bell.
Vincent. and Lucille Browne.
Bernard and Elizabeth Coles.
John and Willette Daniels.
Johnson and Florence Epps.
George and Juanita Jefries.
Jack and Leona johnson.
Clarence and Dolores Jones.
Charles and Florence June.
Lloyd and Margaret Looks.
Ramon and Atheline Mason.
Walter and Mary McDufiie.
Edward and Dolly Mcneil.
Joseph and Jane Neale.
Earl and mex Parker.
Earl and Juanita Pearson.
Arthur and Blanche Pegram.
Robert and Sallie Read.
Calvin and Martha Smith.
James and June Thompson.
Bonnie and Laura Walker.
Joseph and Pearl Walton.
TWINS.
Robert and Lee Everett.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Births;
BOYS.

BOYS.
Earl and Mary Amey.
Carroll and Margaret Arbegast.
George and Zelda Arnold.
Lawrence and Mary Ashley.
William and Nancy Barnes.
Elroy and Alma Barrera.
Frank and Bernice Bayless.
Ludwig and Sylvia Beeson.
Joseph and Betty Blouin.
John and Gloria Poyd.
Garrett and Ruth Buck.
Edward and Florence Bylotas.
Edward and Faye Clark.
Louis and Mary DeSanti.
Elmer and Julia Dillow.
Alfredo and Andrea DomingueZ.
Thomas and Anne FrasS.
Robert and Janet EinStein.
Clement and Susanna Galligan.
Gerd and Marion Haber.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Tots Cotton Dresses

Firsts and irrees. Many styles, toiIored
or dressy. Some dress and doll sets. | to
OK in group.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Girls BIOuses

Firsts and rrees. Cottons and royons in
rnony styles. Long or short sleeves. Sizes
! to Is.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08

Firsts and irreos. Cotton pIsse; button
front and puIIover styles. Assorted eoors.
8 to Is.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Boys DungareeS

Boxer waist style in cotton denim. San
forized. Long wearing for school or pIo>
Sizes 4 to 10.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08

Tot Boys 2-pc. Suits
Cotton twill shorts with cotton knit polo 40
shirt. Navy, green. brown. Sizes to s.
Tots Cotton Slips
e: e.: e; ;: e.: q: u: ;;;' % ;;'
Tot Boys Stacks
Firsts and irrees. Cotton royon eobor- e IN
dine. Belted front, elastic back. Many ep
coIors. Sizes to 8.
Tots Training Pants
Fine cotton knit with double - c.
crotch, elastic woist, reinforced for ~
seams. White. to s. O.
Tots Cotton AnkletS
g.: S.: g.; :: S.; ;; :'''' COTTON : '': *;'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-08
Tots Polo Shirts

Firsts and irrees. Fine cotton
knit in stripes, solids, patterns.
Long or short sleeves. Z to 8.
Evening star., 1952-06-14

one fiber may have. The blend
ing flbers for drapery and up
holstery materials offer the same
advantageous potentials.
1t is more difficult to blend old
and new styles of furnishings.
There must be marriage of in
terests. Here is challenge we
all should accept.
Ideas for stretching the home
furnishings budget are given in
Gladys Miller's booklet No. 402,
Evening star., 1952-06-14
81 Decoration News to Emphasize Texture Blends
By Glodys Miller

Decorating news for 1852 will
feature blends; blended fibers in
carpet, drapery and upholstery
materials; blended styles in room
interiors; blended functions for
each piece you choose.
Webster says blend" mean to
mix smoothly and inseparably to-
gether. And that is what is hap
penlng as we use blends in our
home furnishings. In carpets you
will find wool and rayon or ace
tate, or nylon, wool and cotton,
rayon and cotton, wool and fiber,
and rayon and fiber. Some of
this blending became necessary
because of economy.
But soon every one realized that
what had seemed an emergency
turned out to be blessing in dis
glise. Each fiber has certain char
acteriSticS which make it valuable.
Some take dyes better than others.
Some have greater resiliency, some
are stronger and wear better.
Designers of carpet materials
are interested in the appearance
when in use. Any one technically
responsible is interested in the
wearability and maintenance fac
tors. With these interests work.
ing together. it is possible to blend
the various flbers so that charac-
teristics of each are properly
utilized.
The f1bers that dye best will be
used in the surface pile, mixed
with f1bers which give resiliency.
Those which add to the wear
ability will be introduced within
or under the surface pile. Often
this blending provides a high and
low pile or broken pile which
gives added interest.
Because the fibers dye differ
emily you have color or tone con-
traSt that not only adds eye ap-
peal, but lessons the effect of
shading a solid-color carpet of
Evening star., 1952-06-14
dodge Sun

It's always wise to do the ex-
terror painting of a structure
when direct sunlight does not fall
on the surface to which paint is
being applied. Direct sunlight on
paint that has just been applied
may cause the paint to dry too fast
and wrinkle in warm weather.
Get the jump on the sun by paint
ing western surfaces in the early
morning. You can work on areas
with northern and eastern ex-
posures during the middle of the
day and tackle the south walls
after the sun has left them in the
afternoon.
Evening star., 1952-06-14

entitled Budget Stretchers." To
obtain a copy send 10 cents (coin
preferred) and a Scent stamp to
her. P. o. Box SO. Times Square
Station. New York Sc. N. Y.
Evening star., 1952-04-10

inc that any Soviet organiza-
ton could be anything but
either an espionage or prop
aganda outfit. There are no
scholars in the Western mean
ing of the word in the U. S. S. r..
he declared, because all must
without exception follow the
party line in their thinking and
their work. The active leaders
of the IPR-such as Edward c.
Carter and Prof. Owen Latti-
more-testified that their Soviet
colleagues were men of great
knowledge and scholarly at
tainments. Col. Bogolepov tes-
titled under oath that they
were also high ranking officers
of either the military or the
political secret service of the
U. S. S. R. He revealed that Greg
ory N. Voitinsky, for instance,
one of the important members
of the Russian IPR, had been
in the 20s one of the most ruth
less and ferocious "liquidators"
of the clergy and the bourgeois
and other possible opponents of
the Red regime in Siberia. His
principal job in Moscow is still
that of one of the deputies of the
dread political MVD.
The IPR was also associated
with the Soviet Institute of
Oceanography. The head of that
institute, who Exchanged" in
formation with the American
IPR, was a certain Mekhono-
shin who was, and apparently
still is, deputy chief of Soviet
naval intelligence. No wonder
he was pressing for informa-
ton, as far back as 1886, about
roads and available food sup
plies in Alaska and the Aleutian
Islands.
The former Soviet diplomat
soldier compared the relation
ship between the Russian and
American IPR as a dual road
ending in a one-way lane: it
obtained important informa-
ton for the Red espionage net
work; 1t packed the American
branch with vital pro-Russian
propaganda and used it for the