davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-10-07

ments. But did you ever hear
him .repudiate the Columbia
Valley Administration?
How could he, when allied
with him stand crafty men
who seek to expand through
this project their vested in
terest in the Federal concentra-
ton of power?
How can the administration
candidate have it both ways?
How can he honestly deplore
Capitalization of power, and
accept the support Of the
hole-hoggers who want a
Columbia Valley Administra.
ton, a Brannan plan and social
lied medicine.
I have no pat and detailed
answer for the mechanism we
need to carry out river basin
development. That's up to the
partners. .
AS one beginning. I propose
that the planning, management
and coordination Of all present
and future public projects for
Columbia Basin Development be
vested. not in a Federal Column
bia Valley Administration, but in
a new Interstate body.
Evening star., 1952-10-07

sitting monopoly than our
country has ever seen.
To gain their own ends. the
whole hog advocates obscure the
issue by shouting accusations of
special privilege"
But you folks know that the
greatest special privilege. the
greatest lobby, the greatest con-
centration of power ever known
is now operating. full speed
ahead, right down on the Po-
tomac to perpetuate itself in
power.
The whole hog Federal Gov
ernment believes that it must
own and control just as many
of our resources as it can lay
its hands on-by fair means or
foul. The people must not con-
troll them. The States must not
control them. The Federal Gov
ernment must go whole hog.
We Americans of all or no
parties who are forming to-
gether to throw out this Ad-
ministration do not want q
whole hog Federal Government.
The whole hog method is not
the way to develop Western
resources. These resources can
not be effectively developed,
without a regard for local
initiative and local knowledge
of local needs. by bureaucrats
5000 miles away in the Nations
Capital.
Nor can it be done by the
States alone. Nor can it be
done by free enterprise alone.
All have a share in the task.
We need river basin develop
ment to the highest degree. but
not at the expense OF accept
ing Super-Government in which
the people in the region have
no voice.
A prime example of what I
mean is the proposal to estab-
lish monopolistic Federal
authority over such a vast area
as the Columbia River Basin.
The whole hog idea is all
wrong on another vital ground.
It is a corruption Of the Federal
State principle on which our
Nation was built.
Evening star., 1952-10-07

Of the Columbia River Basin can
do as well.
They need a friendly admin
istration-one that will help, not
hinder-one that will not try to
hand them a blueprint from the
headquarters staff of a bureau in
distant Washington.
A great future lies before us
If we can make certain that op-
portunity is not stif1ed by mo-
nopoly. private or public. and
that government-whether it
be local, State or Federal-is not
the master of the people but
their servant.
There is no limit to a free
West.
There is no limit to a free
America.
Evening star., 1952-10-07

blood Of the great Northwest.
In stepping into this problem,
the Federal Government has
been far more interested in en-
pire-building than in the con-
clusions and convictions of re-
sponsible officials Of the regions
where all these facilities should
eventually be owned and oper-
ated. So a real working part
nership has never existed.
The Northwest must have all
the power it requires for the
effective use of its vast re-
sources. Certainly more up
stream storage is needed-new
dams to impound flood waters
and increase the continuous
power output of existing dams.
Power development in the
Northwest must and will go for
ward. In this continuing pro-
gram, the Federal Government
Will play It's 1ull part.
Now, how can we do better
in the future, on this very big
undertaking? I am convinced,
out of my experience with some
very big jobs, that the way to
do it is by sharing of effort,
rather than by its concentra-
ton. That means the full use of
private resources plus a local
State-Federal partnership here
in the State Of Washington and
the Northwest rather than de-
pendence upon a daily directive
from Washington, DC.
We need to get away from the
idea that we can do only what
the Federal Government will do.
In Federally- financed prof.
ects for development Of re-
sources. we don't want the Fed
eral Government to take a per-
petual lien or mortgage on the
area.
Evening star., 1952-10-07
State Members Would
Have Equality

It's State members should be
freely chosen in accordance with
State laws. These members
should have full equality with
the Federal members who sit
in to advise and assist, to arbi-
trate conflicts of interest be-
tween the States. and to safe
guard the National interest in
navigation and flood control.
Such undertakings will re-
quire genuine cooperation. but
I have no doubt that the job
can be done with an administra-
ton that is devoted to the prin-
ciple Of decentralized govern
ment and to the full develop
ment of our resources.
I have unbounded respect for
what can be done by men and
women and nations who are
willing to work as partners.
What others can do, the States
Evening star., 1952-10-07
BY the Associosad Press

EEATTLE, Wash, Oct. 2
FOLLOWING is the tert of Gen.
Eisentower's speech here last
night:
Since coming to your State.
I have been told that another
campaign train preceded mine
here by a few days.
You have been told by an
expert in political demagoguery
that I want to turn this great
Northwest back to the prairie
dogs and the sagebrush.
You have been told that these
people who are going to sup
plant the present shopworn ad-
ministration will never permit
another dam in the reclamation
program.
You have been conducted
through an underworld of
imaginary devils. You have had
a course in nonsense fiction.
This evening I shall try to
bring the discussion back to
reality. back to truth, and back
to responsible consideration of
how we may best plan for the
Northwest's glorious future.
The Sly apostles of Fair Deal.
ism try to make us think that
they invented the idea of Fed
eral participation in natural
resource development sometime
within the last 20 years.
How do you suppose they
square that with this years
celebration Of the 50th ami
versary Of the Bureau of Rec
lamation. founded under Teddy
Roosevelt?
Evening star., 1952-10-07
Would Bring States
More Into Picture

Just as we would not remain
perpetual vassals of the money
power Of Wall street, so we don't
want to become perpetual vas
sails OF the grasping power Of
Pennsylvania avenue.
And that goes also for the De.
partment Of the Interior.
The first thing q new admin.
istration should do is to bring
our State governments more
into the picture. One Of the.
worst things about our national
administration has been its un-
willingness to recognize the
great progress that has been
Evening star., 1952-10-07

made in able STATE administra-
ton.
We need in Washington. D. c.,
an understanding that the
states are not subsidiaries but
the sovereign agencies which
created the Federal Govern
ment.
Local and State Governments
should assume a greater infiu-
ence in the planning, in the exc
cution Of plans and in the
administration of resource de
velopment projects.
And when Federal projects
have demonstrated that they
are paying for themselves, local
and State Governments should
have an opportunity to take
over the financing, take over the
project for their own people,
and get their region out of hook
to. the Federal Government.
To do this, we need an ad-
ministration which believes in
keeping government close to
the people. We need an ad-
ministration made up, not of
whole-hog men, but Of men
who are eager to see that the
States and localities are al
lowed and encouraged to do
their jobs.
The present administrations
answer to further resources is
printed in Washington. D. c.
and manned from there. You
don't need more super-gov-
ernment.
Evening star., 1952-10-07

! EEATTLE, Wash, Oct. p
FOLLOWING is the tert OF Gen.
Eisenhower's speech here last
night:
Evening star., 1952-10-07
River Basin Basis
Needed on DEVELOPMENT

We need resource Develop
ment, and we need it on a
river basin basis. We need re-
source development, not to the
limit of the whim Of any ad-
ministration in power, but to
the limit of the capacity Of the
region to benefit. And to do
that We need partnership to the
limit Of everyone's ability.
I am aware that my opponent
in his public speeches Is de-
ploring Federal encroachment
in fields which rightfully be-
long to State and local govern
Evening star., 1952-09-21
This is the Palomar 2oo-inch telescope. Th

your reporter into, and out Of,
the various observatory build
ings. Most astronomical OBJ
servatories are owl-like, in that
they work by night and sleep by
day. Mount Wilson's three solar
telescopes operate, of course, on
a reversed schedule.
The guided tour ended, ap-
propriately, in the white, domed
building housing the 100-inch.
It was cool as a cucumber in
side, and your reporter saw,
when Mr.. Hickox switched on a
dim light, that the entire in
terror was black.
1--WE do our best to retain, all
day, the outside night tempera-
ture," he explained, because
the big mirror is so ter
ribly sensitive to temperature
changes. The interior was
painted black IN 1917, and the
idea was to minimize light re-
flection. Later it was found
that, for night work, this is not
necessary. You will see, when
you get to Palomar, that the
interior of the 200-inch's dome
is finished in silver.
"The 100-inch is often called
the Hooker Telescope, by the
way, because Mr.. John D.
Hooker of Los Angeles provided
the funds to finance the making
of the mirror, which was cast
at st. Gobain, France.
mot many people know that
four 100-inch disks were cast,
that bubbles formed in each,
and that the project was all but
Evening star., 1952-09-21

be- He cussed me and all my
ancestors, and hung up"
Mournfully. Mr.. Hickox shook
hands with the reporter.
Mournfully. the reporter cast
a last look around at the tele-
scopes. the deer, the birds, and
the lizards-and went down the
mountain.
The Palomar Observatory is
bigger, more modern and more
impressive in every way than
the Mount Wilson Observatory
AS the Mount Wilson people
are first to admit. There is no
spirit of rivalry between the
100-inch and the 200-inch tele-
scopes.
On arrival at Palomar, your
reporter was greeted by Harley
c. Marshall. who has served 20
years on the Palomar mainte-
nance staff. First, without q
word. he led the way inside the
enormous dome housing the
enormous 2O0-inch.
Speeches
The reporter. ordinarily an
noyingly loquacious. couldn't
think Of q thing to say as he
contemplated the instrument
that sees o billion light years.
or 9.000.0O0.000. .000, ,OOO, ,0O0, 900
miles. out : into space. This
telescope would see o candle
flame at 10000 miles, and pho
tograph it at $4,000 miles.
"See those folks?" said Mr..
Evening star., 1952-09-21

abandoned. Then new tests Of
one of the disks proved, to
everybody's surprise, that it was
usable after all. It was ground
and polished for six years, then
silvered and hauled upshere and
put to work. It has given
splendid service ever since, and
our only handicap has been the
growing encroachment of the
lights of Los Angeles, which now
handicap our seeing quite seri-
ously. What? Which disk was
finally used? The first!"
Bad Stort
Mr.. Hickox paused for effect.
and added: mot many people
know, either, that when the
Hooker was first trained on an
astronomical object the
night Of November l, 1917-the
observatory astronomers were
appalled,. They had turned it
on Jupiter. and six Jupiters.
overlapping each other horribly,
filled the field. The scientists
closed up shop, convinced that
the Instrumentation the larg-
est telescope in the world--was
a failure. But DR.. Hale, re-
membering that the dome had
been open all day. admitting
thousands of sightseeing visi-
tors, went back three hours
later and took another look
"This time he trained it on
Vega. There it was-a mag
nificent single image, brilliant
and clear. A few hours of cool
ing had made all the difference.
Evening star., 1952-09-21
Flying Saucer Season Is Busy Time for Obserotores

Marshall, pointing to a hundred
less fortunate guests who stood
entranced, their noses pressed
to the glass Of the Theoretically
sealed visitors gallery. I'VE have
to keep them closed of like that.
Otherwise. their body heat, if
they came inside with us, would
upset the mirrors temperature"
SIS 1t that sensltive?"
"Se,,sitiUe?" said Mr.. Mar.
shall. why, If the observer.
sitting at the prime focus with
his eye to the eyepiece, keeping
a guide star in the cross-hairs-
If he should shift too suddenly
in his seat, he'd throw the whole
works out Of fucus for days.
Too High
Although the 200-inch was
first pointed at the heavens in
December Of 1947," Mr.. Marshall
went on, sit wasn't dedicated
until June Of 194S, and regularly
scheduled operations weren't
begun until November of 1949.
One Of the reasons for the delay
was that the whole mirror had
to be removed from the tele-
scope in May Of 1949 and the
outer edge polished down. It
was much too high"
"How much too high?"
Twenty -millionths of an
inch too high" said Mr.. Mar
shall.
Lost Question
The reporter had about
reached the limit of his astra-
nomical absorption capacity, so
he headed back to Pasadena to
ask DR.. Ira s. Bowen, director
OF both the Mount Wilson and
Palomar observatories, one last,
inevitable question-about the
saucers. DR.. Bowen listened
smilingly.
I'm not going to be drawn
into a discussion of the So
called flying saucers," he said.
But I will say that this saucer
thing reached q new high-or,
more accurately, a new low-in
Winchelrs recent item on the
subject"
He fished around on his desk,
found a clipping, and tipped it
across. It was a marked para
graph dated June 3Oth, 1852.
and it read: THE LATEST
FLYING SAUCERY: Scientists
at the Palomar Observatory are
supposed to have seen a space
ship ackchelly land in the Mo-
jave Desert about a month ago
-. four persons stepped out Of
it, took one long look. and then
took of again the Army
(the Legend goes) will Official
ly announce it in the fall"
"Ackchelly." said DR.. Bowen,
apart from the fact that
there's a range Of mountains
between Palomar Observatory
and the Mojave Desert, the 200
inch, for mechanical reasons
too complex to explain briefly,
cannot be turned down to the
horizon in that direction. Nor
could the 200-inch focus on
anything that close. Nor is it
ever used for visual observa-
tions, but exclusively for pho
Biography. Nor-but why 60 on?
''You know" said DR.. Bowen,
i've work hard here, trying to
solve various mysteries Of the 5
universe-and from time to
time we dare to think we are
making progress. But never,
never would we dream of trying
to solve the mystery of Walter
Winchell."
Evening star., 1952-09-21
Metropolitan Scene-
It's Up to District Advisory Council
To Open Its Meetings When Possible
By John w. Thompson, Jr,

80
crecy in which the meetings
formerly were held allowed
some incompetents to botch up
the program without any one
being able to see who was re-
SponSible. The sessions now are
partly open.
Library Trustees-Closed ses-
sions. No one apparently has
made any real issue of this sit
uaton.
Prince Georges Open
In the nearby area, roughly
the same situation prevails.
Prince Georges County is q
notable exception. There the
three Republican commissioners
rode into office in 1850 over q
26-year-old Democratic regime
on a plank Of doing the public
business In public. Observers
say they have done it pretty
well.
Montgomery County Council
is required by law to pass its
resolutions openly. But each
Tuesday morning a closed meet
ing is held preceding the open
afternoon meeting. A former
council president, j. Louis Mon,
arch. has justified this pro-
cedure thus:
"We believe that the public
is entitled to be fully informed
of any final decisions. but that
mutual understanding and har-
monious agreement can be
more readily achieved in closed
meetings"
He added, though. that efforts
were being made to limit the
agenda of closed meetings and
expand that of the open sess
sionS.
In Virginia
Across the Potomac, most reg
ular meetings of governing
bodies are open. Arlington, Alex
andria and Falls Church, how.
ever. hold closed sessions fire.
quently between the regular
meetings.
In Alexandria, secret meetings
arc not limited to any particu-
lar subject and even regular
meetings may be closed tenn
porarily.
Arlington County Board uses
closed conference for initial dis
cussion of major and controver-
sial issues.
Falls Church City Council
meets frequently in closed ses.
sions after the regular open
meeting.
Thus it doesn't appear that
the Advisory Council is out of
line in transacting some of its
business behind closed doors.
1t boils down pretty much to q
matter of council members
judgment Of the issues thus to
be handled. The public should
be able to look to Council
Chairman Robert v. Fleming
and the commissioners for o
fair deal.
1t depends on what he means
when he says that the council
will be as fair and open in its
dealings with the press and the
public as we can be and still
function under our mandate"
Evening star., 1952-09-21

Needless to say, the dome has
never again been opened in the
daytime. The Hooker sees 5OO,-
100000 light years into space,
but 1t was realized years ago
that that wasn't far enough. So
the 200-inch was built"
Soucers Again
Back outside in the dazzling
sunshine, Mr.. Hickox confided
that saucers have been, for him,
an unmitigated, undiluted head
ache.
"It isn't tying Cal Tech into
the saucer rage" ne said, Ito
admit that people bother us here
almost to death. They won't
take no for an answer. And
they get sore when we tell them
it's impractical-which is an
understatement-to point the
100-inch at something they
think they've seen.
Zone man yelled at me over
the phone around supper time
the other day: Everybody in
this town is out in the streets
looking at it! Anybody who says
saucers don't exist is crazy!
It's bright as bright can be. Step
outside and look for yourself
verificotion
II stepped outside and looked
for myself-and stepped back
inside. I saw it, I said. 'See?'
yelled the mani told you so!
Now tell me what it is.' It's
the planet Venus I said, and
it sure is bright as bright can
Evening star., 1952-09-21

The apparently endless con-.
troversy over open versus closed
meetings now is reopened
around the Commissioners Ad-
visory Council-the city's new
est municipal forum.
To any one who has watched
this argument engulfing the va
rious governmental boards and
agencies around here, two things
should be apparent at once:
/. No outfit is going to hold
completely open sessions unless
it has to by law or executive or
der. Every effort will be made
to bottle up hot issues in snug
privacy where a participant can
feel able to afford the opinions
he or she holds.
2. No news, radio or television
representative is going to yield
without a fight the traditional
claim Of the fourth estate that
public business is everybody's
business. Where closed meet
ings are held. enterprising jour-
nalists and others in related
fields are busy trying to wiring
the story piecemeal from friends
who were present. Sometimes
this results in half baked, partly
accurate reports that confuse
the issue.
D. e. Box Score
In the District, some major
boards meet in the open. others
do not. Here is the situation:
Board Of Education-Require
by law to hold open meetings.
Only matters relating tc the
appointment and promotion of
personnel can be discussed in
private. according to the law.
This has been modified by
executive order which permits
secrecy on budget items. These
cannot be revealed until the
President has sent budget to
the Capitol. For this reason,
some finance committee sessions
on budget items are closed. Some
superintendents have tried with
varying success to introduce
other matters in secret session.
Where this has been discovered
by the press, board members
generally have put a stop to it.
Board of Commissioners-Un-
til about a year ago, the twice
weekly meetings were closed. For
the previous decade the Com
miSsioners had a special assist
ant who relayed matters to the
press. Previous to that newsmen
had to catch the city heads after
the meeting or get data from
the secretary. Now certain parts
Of the meetings are open to the
press, but controversial matters
are handled in secret.
Recreational Board-The law
provides its meetings must be
public. Committee sessions are
not mentioned, however, and
Harry S. Wender, board chair
man for its first decade, held
this permitted closed committee
sessions whenever members
wanted them.
Board of Public Welfare
Until recent years, meetings
were closed. Some welfare client
relationships necessarily are con-
fidential. But the complete Sc
Evening star., 1952-09-21
By Charles Cooke

The latest epidemic of flying
saucer reports has driven the
great Mount Wilson and Palo-
mar ObServatories substantially
frantic. These two show-places
home Of. respectively. the IA
NOUS 100-inch. and 200-inch
telescopes-are operated as a
single project by the Carnegie
Institution Of Washington, D. c.,
and the California Institute of
Technology. Cal Tech-some-
what nervously. at this writing
handles all relations with the
press for both obServatories.
This reporter, finding himself
recently in Pasadena, Caiif.,
called up Cal Tech to arrange
visits to Mount Wilson and
Palomar.
"All right" said q harried
gentleman. ''but don't tie Cal
Tech into this saucer stuff.
We've been deluged with in
quirieS and So-called reports.
and we want no part Of it. We
refer everybody to the Air Force.
Period. Cal Tech doesn't want
to be quoted on saucers in any
way. shape. form"
Mountain Top
Mount Wilson Observatory is
located on top Of q 5,713-foot
peak Of the San Gabriel range.
8 miles from Pasadena as a
sau-oops!-as a crow flies. It
is % miles up a winding, hair
pin-turn road, and you make
the trip in q bus.
Arriving on the mountain-top.
your reporter found the air in
credihly clear, the smell of the
surrounding pine woods intoxi-
catingly pungent. A little hotel
next to the observatory provides
genial services for tourists. in
cluding hay bundles and peanut
hearts to feed the deer and birds
which, tame as house pets.
swarm all over the place. Oiz-
ards swarm all over the place,
too. but scorn both hay and
peanuts.) Joseph O. Hickox, a
Mount Wilson staffer for Is
years and a specialist in OBJ
servationS Of our sun, took the
reporter promptly and expertly
In hand.
Many Telescopes
Many people think that there
is only one telescope-the 100
inch-at Mount Wilson, and
only one-the 200-inch-at
Palomar. Mr.. Hickox quickly
made your reporter privy to the
fact that there are, at both
Observatories. many telescopes,
of widely differing kinds, for
widely differing uses.
I'VE make a major speciality e
Of sun study here" said Mr..
Hickox. "and for that purpose
we have a 150-foot tower tele-
scope, a 60-foot tower telescope,
and the Snow telescope. The
Snow telescope is unique because
it is horizontal. It was brought
here from Yerkes Observatory in
1904 and is still in use, though it
is an outmoded type. It was
brought up the mountain, piece
by piece, by burros. One of the
named Sam, is famous
around the observatory to this
day. His back provided some Of
the burro-power required to
haul the Snow telescope up here,
and his tail provided excellent
cross-hairs for an eyepiece-
by the way. is still in
use"
AS he talked, Mr.. Hickox led