davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-06-30

Men held an average Of 160
shares and women lis.
The survey ran into extreme
technical difficulties and had to
take into account share ownership
by insurance companies and other
institutions, joint ownership. du-
lplicate holdings and similar con-
fusing situations.
The study found there were
3, ,020, 900 persons owning shares in
Iprivate companies and companies
with less than 100 stockholders
and not traded in any securities
market. They were not included
in the stockholder total nor in
other survey findings.
Included, however, were an es-
Itimated total of $4,000 owners of
shares in investment companies,
Including mutual funds.
Reason for Purchase.
And why do people buy stocks?
Twenty-eight per cent because
they believe the stock will go up
in value.
Twenty-Five per cent because of
income from dividend payments.
Ten per cent because their bro
ker. lawyer or other adviser rec
commended the purchase as a
sound business investment.
Eight per cent because of an in
terest in the company where they
or a member of their family
worked.
Six per cent to build an estate.
Five per cent for miscellaneous
reasons.
One per cent as a hedge against
imitation.
| And 20 per cent of the stock
holders inherited their stock or
got it as a gift.
There is a total Of 1865 pub
llicly owned common and preferred
stock issues with 80 billion shares
outstanding.
Only 2 per cent of persons in
their 20s own stocks, 4.8 per cent
in their 30s, sc in their 40s. 10.s
Evening star., 1952-06-30

such as managers Of medium anC
small companies, department
heads and executives on a similar
level.
Third comes architects, engi.
neers, auditors. accountants, writ.
ers, chemists, librarians ano
photographers. Fourth are doc.
tors, lawyers, dentists, musicians
teachers, clergymen and artists
And the scale goes on down
through sales personnel, mer.
chants. clerks, farmers and skilled
workers.
"There is a direct relationship
between share ownership and ed.
ucation," the report said. "Those
who had four or more years OF
college work have the largest rela.
tive number of share owners. An
estimated Is per cent are share
Evening star., 1952-06-30
Rv the Associo,ed Press

Who owns American industry?
There are 612 million individual
owners of publicly held stock
issues in the United States.
The vast majority of them
earned less than $4,000 a year
after taxes.
There are more men than
women stockholders.
Most people buy stocks to make
q profit.
Persons in their f1fties own
more stocks than other age
groups.
The proportion of stock owner
ship is highest in the West.
But there are more sharehold-
ings in New York.
Share ownership is highest
among administrative executives
with IS per cent owning shares.
And college graduates are topside
with 18 per cent owning shares.
Those facts were disclosed today
in a 135-page book. Share Own
ership in the United States" re-
sulting from a survey by the
Brookings Institution at the invi-
tation of the New York Stock
Exchange.
Cooperating in the survey
were 2,704 corporations. banks.
brokers, New York Stock Ex-
change. 20 other exchanges and
securities associations, and 49,
$50 persons who were interviewed
across the country.
Funston Started Census
G. Keith Funston, president of
the New York Stock Exchange,
initiated the census nine months
ago shortly after he took over the
presidency.
Commenting on the result. Mr..
Funston said it was "a superb ex-
ample Of research supplying long
needed and basic information
about the ownership of produc-
ton"
above all else." he said. "the
survey shows clearly that there is
no such person as typical stock
holder" They are wealthy or in
modest circumstances. college
graduates or eighth grade gradu-
ates, he said. and their occupa-
tions cover an extreme range.
The fact that there are>>6. AGO.
900 individual owners of publicly
held stock issues in the United
States was surprising in the face
of various previous estimates that
ran between and 20 million.
And the fact that rs per cent
of all stockholders earn less than
$4,000 a year was a surprise tc
those who believed that owning
stocks was a privilege Of what
might be called the Wall Street
millionaire class.
Persons earning more than $10,.
900 a year composed "a per
cent of stockholders but only IL
per cent OF the entire population
of the United States.
Another finding at variance with
popular belief was the fact that
men outnumber women as share
holders. There were 3,260, ,00C
man and 3,230,O0 woman share
holders, with men owning 1,763,.
100000 and women ,308,000, ,00(
shares.
And the survey commented: "A
most significant fact is the revela.
ton in the data that with popu.
lation incidence Of 6 per cent
housewives (non-employed) rep.
resent 2,130,000. or nearly one.
third of all shareholders. Addition
to the group Of married womer
who also are employed woulc
place the total in the range Of 81
million -
Evening star., 1952-06-30
By the Assaeinted Press

MUNSAN. Korea, June 30.-The
tightly deadlocked Korean armi-
stice talks resume tomorrow after
a three-day recess called by the
Allies and protested by the Com
muniStS.
The Communists today admit
ted responsibility for an anti-air-
craft shell which landed 20 feet
Evening star., 1952-06-30
Two els Among Dead
In Raid on Koreu Train
by the Assoeioted Pres,

PUSAN. Korea. June 30.-Th'
United States Second Logistica
Command today said 81 persons
were killed by guerrillas in a trair
attack June "a in Southwest
Korea.
The dead include two Ameri-
can soldiers.
Earlier reports said the guer-
rillaS had killed 46.
The command said 40 others
were wounded. Two bandits were
killed and one captured.
Evening star., 1952-06-30

owners. Those who attended col
lege but did not complete four
year course rank next. The pro-
portion is IS per cent. Among
those who completed four years
of high school the proportion is
about one-half that for those who
attended college but did not COM
plete a four-year course"
Evening star., 1952-06-30
dies After Crush

BEDFORD. Pa, June 30 R.-
Samuel Gore. So, Brooklyn, N. Y.
died yesterday in Bedford Me-
mortal Hospital from injuries suf-
fered in a two-car crash during
the week end.
Evening star., 1952-06-30
Make US PROVE 1T!

Run your gasoline tank as empty as possible of
the gasoline you now have in it. Then fill up with
this powerful new Blue Sunoco Tor at least 10
gallons). Then test your car under any familiar
conditions You'll see what we mean when we say
that it's the finest gasoline in the Is year history
of famous Blue Sunoco.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Eisenhower sForeiqn Aid Text

threats and aggressive pressures
during the period while ade-
quate security forces are being
built. a#
Schedules and estimates of
the kind and size included in
the program presented to you
are not, of course. inf1exible.
Limited adjustments can be
made without disruption or
critical damage. even though
each reduction of funds will
normally tend to be reflected
in some delay, lower state of
readiness or reduction in forces
formed. A specific risk is that
of dragging out the program to
the point of increasing greatly
the total cost. A cut of such a
size as to require abandonment
or complete revision of basic
schedules now guiding the build
up might Wei have far-reaching
repercussions. The nations of
Europe would then have to de-
fer such activities as Gallup of
manpower, building of training
installations and airfields. and
the placing of contracts for in
digenous types of production
which are keyed to these basic
schedules. One of our prime
purposes, of course. is to en-
courage and permit maximum
output on their part.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Wolf Gets New DELAY
In Trial Board Hearinq

The scheduled trial board hear
Ing for Police 1t. Jacob Wolf
has been postponed again.
The head of the police auto
squad, who admitted dealing in
the automobile gray market dur
Ing postwar years, was to have
received hearing Thursday.
This represented a postponement
of two weeks from the original
date.
Late last week he filed a mo-
ton for dismissal of the charges
against him-graysmarketing and
dealing in used cars without a
license.
Wilbert McInerney, head of the
three-man civilian trial board,
announced the new postponement
while the motion is studied. No
specific date was set for the hear
ing.
1t. Wolf told the Senate Crime
Investigating Committee that he
and members of his immediate
family bought % new automo-
biles in the postwar years-a
period when many persons had
trouble buying one. In filing a
financial questionnaire earlier the
officer had listed only II cars.
He reported II more when called
as a Senate witness.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Egypt Demands Death
For Six Leaders Of Riots
By the Associated Press

CAIRO, Egypt, May 13.-Egypt's
government is demanding the
death penalty for Ahmed Hussein,
Socialist leader, and five cohorts
who 60 on trial Sunday charged
with sparkling the bloody January
26 Cairo torch riots. The anti
British outbreak caused 81 deaths
and millions of dollars in prop
erty damage. = ~
The indictment accused Hussein
and his followers of driving around
Cairo "inciting mobs to burn and
destroy" @ So
Hussein, arrested on the day of
the disorders, is serving an 18-
month sentence for less majeste
(crime against the sovereign
pOWer).
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Warns Cut Will Have
Substantial Impact

The bill before your COM
mittee represents proposed cut
aggregating a billion dollars,
with a substantial portion fall
ing on this area. I cannot, of
course, comment on the impact
with respect to areas outside the
scope of my responsibility. Quite
obviously also, I cannot COM
ment on the relative desirability
of a cut of this size in the
budget for this particular pro-
gram as against particular cuts
elsewhere or overall reductions
through further rigid economies
throughout all categories of
Federal expenditure. 1t is clear,
however, that the retardation
in the buiid-up of forces which
would be necessitated by cut
of the size already proposed
would have what would neces-
sarily be classed as a substan-
tial impact in this area. We
would, of course, attempt to
make adjustments compensating
for this action but would expect
to encounter a series of difficult
problems, especially with respect
to re-phasing the relation prep
arations of our European allies.
Any reduction substantially
greater would add an even more
difficult type of complication to
our problems here. While am
unable to establish the level
at which these retardationS
could be classed as directly
damaging to the security of the
United States. I am sure that
at anything materially greater
than the billion mentioned their
effect would be profound both
in discouraging our friends and
in encouraging those poten-
TALLY hostile to us.
I have repeatedly stated my
view that we should build to-
ward adequate levels of strength
but only as rapidly as our eco
nomic capability permits with.
out endangering its basic sound
ness. Our security objective
should be to shift to a sustain
ing type of operation with its
substantially lower costs as
quickly as we can. AS final
point l recognize fully the great
responsibility of the Congress in
weighing the costs of programs
of this magnitude against the
threats to our security which
necessitate them. I am well
aware what a heavy burden the
sums programmed for 1858 rep
resent. Our hope is that the
free world will soon reach a
point where it can defend itself
without relying so heavily upon
American military strength and
assistance of this nature. We
are making progress-both for
security and for peace.
This statement is necessarily
general in nature, however, it
is as specific as the particular
field of work in my headquar-
ters permits. My personal view
is that any cut for this year of
much greater magnitude than ST
billion would in the long run
be uneconomic if we are to
carry on to the reasonable level
of collective security that our
own safety demands"
Evening star., 1952-05-13
31l Viet-Minh Reported
Killed, 165 Captured
BY the Asseeioted Press

SAIGON, Indo- China, May 49,
The French high command an
nounced today that 311 Com
munist-led Viet-Minh had been
killed and 1865 captured in a clean
up operation Is miles southeast OF
Hanoi around Hungyen.
The French also seized $50 sus-
pected Viet-Minh soldiers in COM
pleting the Today mop-up push
called "Dromedary." Foreign Le-
gionaires attacked a Viet-Mink
unit entrenched in a fortified viii
lage near Nam Dinh, 10 miles
southeast of Hanoi, killing 80.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Sees Further Period
OF Effort Necessary

AS stated in our SHAPE re-
port released about month ago,
a good beginning has been made
in the European security deve1-
opment, but further period Of
sustained effort still lies ahead
of us before an adequate de-
fensive posture is achieved.
When this has been accom-
plished, the beneficial effect on
Americas security will be very
marked. Our security expendi-
lures, both for aid to our asso-
ciates and for the overall Sc
curity objective, will then be
sharply reduced.
The adequacy of the present
programs must be weighed
against the achievements of this
defensive posture in the shortest
possible time and at the least
cost in money. The security Sit
uation requires steady and rapid
advance along the path of in
creasing strength together with
maintenance of the momentum
and concentration of effort
which has been achieved. AL
ready the accomplishments in
these fields are providing re-
turns of the greatest value to
the United States and other
countries alike in keeping this
area firm in the face of Soviet
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Books by Mae West
And Stain on List
Barred From Canada
BY the Associoted Press

OTTAWA, May 13.-Mae West
and Joseph Stain drew mentions
in report submitted to Canada's
House of Commons today. Books
by each of them are barred from
import into the country.
The report. by Revenue Minister
j. S. Mccain, named 573 books
and IS magazines and other pub
locations on the banned list. Some
of them sound like Communist
propaganda, but most apparently
deal with sex.
The list included Stalin's "Ques-
tions of Leninism" and Miss
Vests Diamond Lii" Other au-
thors with works on the list in
cluded Tiffany Thayer, Erskine
Caldwell, James T. Farrell. John
O'Hara and Donald Henderson
Clarke.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Slayer of Two Nurses
Gets Life Sentence
BY the Associoted Press

SANTA MONICA, Calf, May
.13.-Merton c. Misener, "a, was
under a life sentence today fol
the murders of two nurses at a
drinking party December 20.
Misener, an aircraft worker
formerly of Portland Me-, was de-
.clared sane at the time he killed
Mrs. Marguerite Cramer, 81, and
Mrs. Ann Symington, AZ, in their
Santa Monica apartment. The
jury recommended the life SEN
tence, making it mandatory.
He also has been found guilty
of stabbing and shooting Paul
M. Beck, 40, at the time of the
murders. Mr.. Beck recovered.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Bronnon Resignation Sought
By KEN in Grain Scandals

Iple into believing that everything
was simon pure in his department
and that the Senate Committee
on Agriculture was engaged in a
political witch hunt"
Tactics Assailed.
Senator KEN, in a statement
he arranged to read to the Senate
today, continued:
Instead of cooperating with
our committee. the Secretary has
done little but criticize. Instead
of instituting an investigation of
his own to clean house, his tactics
have been to wait until our inves-
| tigators get on to something irreg-
ular, then he tries to correct the
Iirregularity before our committee
can make it public.
"His purpose is apparently to
keep one jump ahead of Congress,
but I warn him he has to do some
real jumping in the future. We
have only commenced the job OF
investigating his department."
Secretary Brannan was not
available for comment. Earlier,
however, he blasted Gov. Thomas
E. Dewey of New York for say
ing on a Sunday television pro-
gram that the Democrats rigged
farm prices during the 1948 elec-
ton.
mo agency of Government is
capable of rigging the commod-
Iity markets." Mr.. Brannan said
in a statement. IF there was any
rigging in the fall of 1948 of the
prices for corn, hogs and beans
(Which Gov. Dewey mentioned
specifically, it was done by the
80th Congress when it removed
the authority of the Commodity
Credit Corp. to provide the stor-
age space which is necessary for
supporting the prices Of those
commodities
Evening star., 1952-05-13
MIR. PERLMAN'S ARGUMENT.
Your honors have just listened

Your honorS have just listened
to an eloquent argument, an argu-
ment that is designed to turn the
minds of this court away from the
facts in this case and away from
the reasons which prompted the
President of the United States to
take the action that he did. Very
little if anything was said to the
court about the condition in the
world today, about the struggle in
which this Nation is engaged, and
practically nothing at all about
the necessity, the vital necessity,
to keep the plants owned by the
plaintiffs here in operation with
out interruption of any kind and
it is argued that your honors
should practically ignore that sit
uation and pass on some constitu-
tional Interpretation of the powers
that the President exercised. .
"The situation that I would like
to emphasize going back again to
what occurred in the month of De-
cember, as we look back at what
happened, and as we knew it at
that time. is that the President
had to make his choice in De-
cember whether he would go by
the road. the recent road. that had
been Established for him by the
Congress in the Defense Act and
use the powers that were given to
him-and that decision had to be
made in December. He had
alternatives and he selected one
of them and that was done with
the acquiesence of all con-
cerned. -. .~.
"It was necessary for the coun-
try to have an adequate and con-
tinuing supply of steel and
the very existence of the armed
forces fighting in Korea and sta
toned elsewhere overseas as a
part of our effort in world defense
depended on the uninterrupted
production of steel even for short
period; any curtailment would
imperil the safety of the Ma
ton.
This is May IL, more than
one month since the President
of the United States issued his
executive order and Congress to
this day has done nothing -.
Nov when the President acted,
he was exercising, we. say. the
powers that are vested in him not
only by the Constitution of the
United States but he was exer-
|cising the powers in carrying out
the duties that had been con-
ferred on him by many acts OF
Congress" s
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Senate Group Meets
To Take Final Look
Al Foreign Aid Bill
By J. A. o'Leory

The Senate Armed Services
Committee met today for a final
look at the $50 billion foreign Aid
bill. It had before it a warning
from Gen. Eisenhower that a
further material reduction would
encourage this country's potential
enemies.
Before voting the Committee
called in high-ranking air officials
to comment on the proposal of
Senator Knowland, Republican of
California, to limit shipment of
new jet planes to other govern
mentS until this country's Army,
Navy and Marine Air units are
fully equipped.
The committee had expected to
act on the bill yesterday, but de-
cided to get more testimony on
the Knowland amendment. Those
asked to appear today were Sec
retary for Air Finletter, Gen.
Nathan F. Twining, acting chief of
the Air Force, and Vice Admiral
John H. Cassidy. deputy chief of
naval operations for air.
Second Eisenhower Message.
The cable received late yester-
day from Gen. Eisenhower was
his second message on the subject
within a week. Earlier he had
informed the Foreign Relations
Committee that. while modest cuts
could be absorbed, the 81 billion
cut already made by that commit
tee would be heavily and seri-
ously felt"
His first wire said that any cut
materially greater than this would
|create such difficulties that a
drastic revision of the whole pro-
gram might well be indicated and
might endanger the build-up
which he considers essential to
United States security.
Before the first message arrived
Chairman Russell of Armed Serv-
lCCS dlOO Ild0 CdUlCSl W dom l1II1A IL
he regarded the present bill as
adequate. -. 10 '.'-
General Gives His Views.
Gen. Eisenhower summed up
his second message yesterday in
these words:
MY personal view is that any
cut for this year of much greater
magnitude than 81 billion would
in the long run be uneconomic if
we are to carry on to the rea-
ISonable level of collective security
that our own safety demands"
Gen. Eisenhower said he could
not comment on the impact of
the 81 billion cut on areas outside
of his own command, nor on the
relative desirability of this for
|eign aid cut as against particular
cuts elsewhere in the overall Fed
Ieral budget.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
MR.. DAVIS ARGUMENT.

MIR. DAVIS ARGUMENT.
Congress did not intend to
leave the President entirely bar
rem with no weapon so they
adopted in 1947 the Taft Hartley
Act. . Now we do not contend
that the President is under any
mandatory authority to utilize the
ITaft-Hartley law. He may or he
may not resort to that machinery
for a settlement but the fact of
its existence points up a claim
we make here that having that
weapon at hand any effort on his
part to forge a new and different
weapon only aggravates the clains
Iof usurpation which we are COM
PEELED to make. -.
There is no statutory frame
work into which this seizure can
possibly fit. >.
This is a discredited technique
Iof constitutional Interpretation
based on immutable principles.
Is 1t or is it not an immutable
principle that our Government is
one of limited powers. Is it or is
1T not an immutable principle
that We have a choice tripartite
system of legislation, execution
and Judgment. Is it or is it not
an immutable principle that the
powers of Government are based
on a government of laws and are
not based on government of
man.
You cannot dispose of those
lmmutable principles merely by a
Seizure of this kind.
But it is as certain as the rising
of tomorrow's sun that all of that
Gas thus far happened is a mere
transient incident. The day will
come beyond peradventure when
these furnaces will glow as now,
when the mills will turn as they
turn now. and, sooner or later,
when line Of contented workmen
will pass the window and receive
the wages they are justly entitled
to. I say sooner or later one
may think it will be sooner with
out governmental intervention.
One may think it may be later if
the Government does not inter-
vene. but these views are the mere
casual ideas of a wholly instructed
bystander and are not under con-
Sideration here"
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Million in Pokiston
Tuberculin-Tes

KARACHI. - During the past
two years more than a million
persons in Pakistan took tubercu-
lin tests and more than $50 900 re-
ceived the antituberculosis vac
cine called BEG.
Now the government is launch
ing a five-year antituberculosis
drive in which it hopes to i'm
'munize rs per cent of the popu-
lation between the ages of 2 and
20.
Evening star., 1952-05-13
Delaney Boice, CottIemun

NEW YORK, May 13 (P).-De-
lancey Boice, 81, breeder and ex-
porter of thoroughbred cattle, died
Saturday. He was en- route from
Florida to his home in Church.
vile. N. Y. He pioneered in ship
ment of livestock by plane. His
principal markets were in Central
and South America and South
Africa