davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-01-13
By Belmont Furies

transfer Of power In Palestine to
Jewish provisional government. It
was an underground army in bar
rem land, with neither mountains
nor forests to hide in. Begin started
his operations in q Tel Aviv hotel
room, as a Mr.. Ben-Zeev. Later he
lived in various places as Israel Hal
perrin, Polish refugee studying law;
as Israel Sassover, bearded, not
very-intelligent religious Jew. and
as DR.. Yonah Koenigshoffer, a Ger
man lawyer. Several times the
British searched his quarters, and
once he spent four days hiding in
tiny compartment without food or
water.
All this time, Begin and his wife.
his son Benny and his two small
daughters. managed to appear a very
ordinary family. The neighbors were
thunderstruck when they learned in
1948 that "Benny's father" was the
notorious leader of the n1gun.
To Begin and the Irgun. the Jew
ish Agency and It's military arm, the
Haganah, were too timid. Even in
those days, there was no love lost
between Begin and David Ben
Gurion. the Prime Minister with
whom he clashed in the Knesset last
week as his followers battled police
outside. But Irgun and Haganah,
joined by the terrorist Stern group,
did manage to cooperate at times
In his own story of the Irgun's fight
against the British, entitled, THE Re-
VOLT" Begin defends his use Of ter
rorism as part Of military cam
paign to attain q political objective.
The heavy loss of life in the King
David Hotel bombing could have
been avoided If the British had not
stubbornly ignored telephone warn
ing, he insists. They needed such
warnings thereafter.
Toetics Were Effective
There is no doubt that Begins
terrorist tactics were effective. r.
guns greatest blow at British prestige
was struck when a British court try
ing two Irgun youths for illegal pos
session Of arms added to a 15-year
prison sentence the humiliation of
18 lashes. Begin published a warn
ing-the 1rgun would retaliate in
kind. The first youth was. whipped.
The Irgun captured and whipped
British major and three non-com-
missioned officers. The second youth
was not whipped. Nor was any other
Jew in Palestine.
When two young Irgun soldiers
were sentenced to death Irgun cap
Evening star., 1952-01-13

Tne political terrorism which helped
force the British out of Palestine
returned to haunt the Israeli govern
ment last week.
When 1000 rioting Jews tried to
storm the Parliament Building in
Jerusalem while the Knesset was in
session, the issue was a new one-a
proposal for direct Israeli negotia-
tions with West Germany on SIS
billion in reparations for dispossessed
Jews.
But the man who accepted respon-
sibility for this demonstration, in
which nearly 400 persons were in
jured, was an old hand at the use of
violence for political ends.
Former lrgun Head
For the past three years Menachem
Begin has been the leader of small
right-wing political organization, the
Herut F'reedom) Party, which has
only handful Of members in the
Knesset. But from 1943 to 194s he
headed Irgun Zvai Leumi, the under
ground terrorist army which carried
the fight to the British.
At his direction British feadquar-
ters in the King David Hotel was
bombed with a heavy loss Of life.
British camps and armories were
raided. Military prisoners were freed
from the Acre Fortress, in what has
been called "the greatest jaflbreak in
history" British officers were kid
naped and held as hostages. Finally,
two British sergeants- were hanged.
The bombings, kidnapings, whip
pings and hangings Mortified the
world, including good many Jews
in Palestine. The British had
particularly good reason to hate and
fear Begin. But even with the record
price of 10000 pounds they put on
his head, they were never able to
capture him.
Bitter Memories .
Born in Poland in 1918, Begin was
strongly influenced by the Zionist
Revisionist ideas of Vladimir Jabo-
tinsky, founder Of the Jewish Legion
in World War I. BY 1888 he was
tA1C 4C0OC1 IA GO4dl1O VI oCIdIs VAlC
youth movement founded by Jabo-
tinsky. During the period of the
Nazi-Soviet pact. both his parents
were killed by the Nazis. In the
relative safety of the Soviet area of
Poland. Begin himself was sentenced
to eight years in correctional labor
camp as a dangerous element in
society,"" In view of his later activi-
ties it is interesting that the Russians
considered him, on the basis of his
Zionist activities. either an agent or
dupe of the British.
Begin was on a boat carrying
prisoners to new labor camp on the
Pechora River in Russia's Far North
when an order arrived to free all
Polish citizens. With Nazi Germany
now invading Russia, Stain had
signed pact with Gen. Sikorski.' AS
a private in the Polish Army, Begin
reached Transjordan in 1912. BY
the next year he was the leader of
the Irgun in the fight to oust the
British from the Holy Land.
1rgun's goal was the immediate
Evening star., 1952-01-13

1,600-foot span and q cantilever
bridge with 690-foot span in its
4-mile course across the Bay.
Mr.. Herman. like every bridge
builder, has seen the movies of the
Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsing.
A long. narrow, suspension bridge, it
started to sway one day in high
wind and finally buckled and fell.
The Bay Bridge, like all suspension
bridges built since the Tacoma one.
has relief slots in the deck. to relieve
pressure of the wind from below.
That was what started the Tacoma
Narrows Bridge on its deathly dance.
The Bay Bridge is built to with
stand 80 pounds of wind pressure
square foot.
What does that mean in miles
per hour?" we asked. innocently
enough. Mr.. Herman apparently
hadn't computed that conversion in
some time. He called to one Of the
younger engineers in an adjoining
Office who looked 1t up in q book.
The answer was los to ITO miles
per hour.
II knew it was somewhere around
there" Mr.. Herman said, because
there have been winds of 10 miles
an hour on the Bay and we have to
leave a wide margin of safety"
Fine-PeneiI Figuring
-,
When the plans are finished, bids
are asked for the construction of
the concrete piles and the steel
superstructure. Bridge costs are fig
ured with a pretty fine pencil, then
standard margin of safety added.
In the case OF the Bay Bridge, Beth
Evening star., 1952-01-13

built for the Bay Bridge, one for
every major pier out in the deep-
water part Of the crossing.
From then on. the construction Of
the bridge is being measured and re-
measured constantly. There are three
dimensions-and in bridgeAbuilding
these are termed horizontal distance,
alignment and elevation.
The elevation is measured from the
platforms with a surveyors level:
the alignment with a transit. But
the horizontal measurement calls for
stretching wires and lis the most diff
ficult of all.
Mr.. Herman called Id one of his
assistants, c. l.. Young, to tell about
the horizontal distance measure
ments. It was done with calibrated
piano wire. They would measure q
length Of wire on a field on the East
ern Shore say the l.600-foot space
between the towers of the suspension
bridge, and keep measuring it until
they had the margin of error down
to l in 100000. That would produce
an error Of about foot in measuring
40 miles.
How to Measure Wire
They would measure their piano
wire at dawn. because the tempera-
ture usually varies only slightly dur
ing the first hour OF the day. Then:
they would wind their wire on bicycle
wheels smaller reel would bend
the wire too much and cause errors,
they found. They would take 1t out
to the platforms on the Bay and
measure the distance with q tension
meter to make sure the wire was just
as taut as it had been on shore. They
would compute the expansion or con-
traction in the wire caused by the
slight change in temperature.
People won't believe me when
tell them how we came out" Mr..
Young said. "Of course, there were
slight errors as we went along that
must have compensated each other
for the most part. But when we got
to the middle. our error was n100 of
foot, or about an eighth of an inch. >
AS to elevation, Mr.. Young said,
the error was $4,000 Of a foot. or
about quarter Of an inch.
"And alignment?" we asked.
There was no error in alignment"
Mr.. Young said firmly.
"You can correct that as you 60
along" Mr.. Herman modestly added.
Evening star., 1952-01-13
KIonsmen Ride Again in the Tar Heel State

i North Carolina. which Id recent
years has contributed more than any
other Southern State to the heritage
of Henry Grady's New South
philosophy. is now the scene of a
determined comeback effort by the
Ku Klux Klan.
The hooded nightriders, .energeti-
cally assisted by leaders of the Klan
organizations in South Carolina and
Florida, last summer made their first
organizational foray into the Tar
Heel State in Is years. And they
found the pickings there good.
Led by two grand dragons, the
Klan hit the rich tobacco belt OF
Southeastern North Carolina in AL
gust, at time when farmers pock-
cts were bulging with cash they had
received for their leaf.
Columbus County RoIIy
The initial rally was held in Co.
lumbus County. adjoining the South
Carolina line. It was an event widely
advertised in advance. both by the
press in the area. The rally and
cross burning attracted about 5000
persons, many of them potential
members. Only 81 Kluxers, however,
appeared in their traditional bed
sheet garb.
Nevertheless, the recruiting rally
was eminently successful. Grand
Dragon Thomas L. Hamilton of the
Association of Carolina Klans rode
back to his Leesville, S. c., home
that night of August 18 with applica-
tions in his pockets that would net
him almost $4,000 in Klan initiation
fees. He had been ably assisted in
oratofy by Bill Hendrix. guberna-
torial candidate in Florida who also
is grand dragon of the Florida Klan.
About 400 new Klansmen had been
signed up at $40 member. And the
$40 paid only the initiation fee and
current dues. The Khan also is in
Evening star., 1952-01-13
By George Kennedy

Gov. Theodore r. McKeldin of
Maryland has asked for an oficial
report on the $44 million Chesapeake
Bay Bridge. He says he has heard
disturbing rumors that there is
something wrong with the design.
Official reports take q long time.
So your correspondent went to Sandy
Point last week to see for himself
what was wrong with the bridge.
The thought that something might
be wrong with a bridge is very dis
turbing indeed. It brings to mind
famous cartoon in the New Yorker.
An engineer is looking ruefully at
great span that fails to meet in the
middle. II was afraid I misplaced
that decimal point" he says.
Republican Gov. McKeldin> has
been concerned for quite some time
about the Bay Bridge, which was
started by his Democratic prede-
cessor, Gov. Lane. Shortly after the
McKeldin victory in the 1850 elec-
t1ons, a November storm took out
one Of the concrete piers and made
gullieS in the sides of an earthen
ramp that serves as the eastern ap-
proach. The newly elected Governor
said that the public was not aware
OF the extent of the storm damage,
and that 1t was very doubtful that
the bridge could be completed be-
cause of the steel shortage.
Missing Section
Your correspondent saw what was
wrong with the bridge the minute
he got there. The section which blew
away when the bridge builders were
towing it on bargeS to it's place in
the structure, is still stuck on the
Eastern Shore. It doesn't take much
OF an expert on bridge building to
realize how delaying a thing like
that can be. The falsework under
the section "a trick name for the
structure which supports it during
construction and until it is put in
place. is the workbench on which
the bridge sections are built. Until
this falsework is back on the con-
Structlon piers (Which are a little
north of the line of the bridge piers,
no more sections can be built.
But Bruce Herman, the head man
in the field Office of j. E. Greiner Co.
OF Baltimore, consulting engineers,
was still optimistic that the lost time
could be made up. You have to have
some optimism when you tackle the
Job of bridging the Chesapeake. It
was windy afternoon: there had
been rain and snow in the morning.
The fleet of workboats was in the
little harbor under his window. No
one was on the bridge-too danger
Gus.
A few calm days in row would
more than make up for the bad
break of the bridge section getting
away. Calm winter days mean man
hours. Every windy day is one lost
In the fight to make the target date
which officially is next July.
What they are hoping for now is a
calm day that will start with a high
tide. Then they will tow the stranded
section to its place. put the falsework
back on the construction piers and
continue with the job.
While MIR. Herman did not want to
be drawn into controversy with the
Governor. he did go so far as to say
that he had found nothing wrong
with the bridge. The workless day on
the project gave him time. .togive your
correspondent a lesson in bridge
building
The first thing to do in building a
Evening star., 1952-01-13

There Is nothing that appeals more
to q youngster than q circus on an ex-
cursion, and he remembers Sone, as
long as the other. OF the latter form
of amusement there are many WASH
ingtonians who will recall with en-
thusiasm the excursions they went on
when they were youiig and free and
without the cares and responsibilities
which age naturally produces.
# one happens to be In q crowd of
native hingtonianS SAY, any
where over 70 years Of age all he
has to do to start . food Of reminis-
cences is to speak Of the old side
wheeler excursion boat Mary WASH
irlgton. OF course. they will re-
member the w. w. Corcoran, the
George Leary. Lady Of the Lake.
the Excelsior, the Armenia and
other well-known excursion steam
boats, long since buried In some ship
graveyard or junked for the few dol
lars worth Of metal the vessel may
have contained, but the Mary Wash
ington-in q class all to herself
will be remembered by most.
FIot- Bottomed Vessel
The Mary Washington was OF an
unusual design. She was q large
fiat-bottom vessel, with hull like
a box with pointed ends-the only
river boat of her kind, it is recorded,
that ever piled the Potomac. She
was built in 1874, at Occoquan Greek,
Va, by syndicate of farmers headed
by Col. Edward CAMEL Of Gunston,
Va. The idea of the builders was to
construct a light-draft boat with
which they could navigate the small
streams and thus enable the farmers
to get their produce to market at a
reduced cost. She was fitted out and
equipped at Alexandria, and when
tried out, it was realized that for the
purpose intended she was failure.
The owners lost no time in disposing
of their interest, and the boat found
her way into the excursion field.
The writer's first recollection of
Evening star., 1952-01-13

bridge is to determine where you are
going to put it. The first surveys for
the Bay Bridge in 1888 placed it
about two miles north of the bridge
now under construction. But there is
turn in the steamer channels near
that point. The Army Engineers,
who have the final say about all con-
struction on navigable waters, wanted
shipping to have two-mile straight
approach to the structure.
The next thing to do in building a.
bridge is to make borings of the bot
tom. There is about as much work
on the underwater portion as on the
part built above-in a bridge built on
piers. that is. The borings show how
far down you have to go to find some
thing solid to build on. In Chesa-
peake Bay the geologic stratum that
affords solidity is known as the Mon
mouth sands. The distance necessary
to reach these sands varies greatly.
1t was found that near the Eastern
Shore, the channel of the Susque-
hanna River (the predecessor of the
bay millions of years ago. had cut
deep into the sands and then silted
up. 1t was necessary to 60 through
80 feet of mud to get to firm sand.
Once the data on the bottom, on
the tides, the shipping channels. the
winds of the bay and winter ice con-
ditions over the past century are as
sembled, the work of designing the
bridge and drawing plans begins.
Every Kind Of Problem
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge. which
was designed by the Greiner Co..
embodies just about every problem
of bridge building except a lift span.
It has a suspension bridge with
Evening star., 1952-01-13
By Howard 1. Dutkin

weapon and if a boy or girl possesses
a knife or pick. 1t is considered a
crime. The policemen will take the
weapon from them"
But play officials say that still
popular, though declining, are old
games such as II spy" bird d-in-the-
cage" ''ring-around-rosy." "here
comes a duke a-riding," bean bags
and hopscotch.
Evening star., 1952-01-13

Even the time-honored game of
marbles loses much of its allure over
a 25-year span, according to veteran
toy buyer at Hecht's Department
store. While sales Of alleys and
agates have held steady for the last
10 years. they have shown a drop
from what they were a quarter OF a
century ago, he reports.
]. II. Young. assistant superintend-
Evening star., 1952-01-13
Star Stan Photo.

lehem Steel and United States Steel
were very close. Bethlehem got it.
Then starts the building Of the
bridge. Sure enough. one of the
principal problems Is to see that
both ends meet in the middle. The
measuring is done by building a line
of wooden platforms on timber
pilings across the Bay, paralleling
the line of the bridge. Twenty-eight
platforms, something like diving
platforms at Q bathing beach, were
Evening star., 1952-08-10

was announced yesterday by
President j. e. McCombs. A ma
tive Washingtonian. he attended
George Washington University.
Since 1941. Mr.. Butt has been spe-
cial agent in the Washington area
for the Home Insurance Co. He
lis World War II veteran.
The B. F. Goodrich Co. reports
that production of its tubeless tire
has passed the million mark and
deliveries this year are nearly
triple those of last year. Good
rich was the first to produce such
a tire in 1947.
John D. Marsh, Charles K. Reid
II and Roy H. Woodside of the
estate-planning firm of j. M.
Marsh & Associates are attending
the CLU Institute at the Uni
versity of Connecticut.
Howard Boyd Leaving.
Howard Boyd, associated many
years with the law firm of Hogan
& Hartso, is relinquishing his legal
career in Washington to go into
business in Houston, Tex. He
Leaves tomorrow with his family
to assume the vice presidency Of
the Ell PaSo Natural Gas Co. A
Graduate of Georgetown Law
School in 1885 he was for four
years an assistant United States
attorney before going to Hogan g.
Harrison.
Resigning from the Ambassa-
dor Hotel as assistant manager,
John j. Lange has assumed man.
agement of the Blackstone Hotel.
Evening star., 1952-08-10
Peoples Drug Stores
Sales Gain. 7.6 Pct.
lin First 7 Months
By Nelson M. Shepard

Peoples Drug Stores, Inc, yes
terday reported a net increase Of
50, ,148,529 in sales for the first
seven months of this year, a total
up 7.6 per cent compared with the
same period of 1851. Contributing
to it was a July increase of $212,-
923. or So per cent over a year
ago
During July, Treasurer H. j.
AlthouSe said, the chain operated
$50 stores. Five were added dur
ing the year.
Sales totaled $4273 8'4 for Julv.
For the first seven months the
total was $30,23o .657, aga4nS. Szo,-
087,127 in the 1851 period.
In report to Peoples stock
holders on operations for the six
months ended June 30, President
G. B. Burrus listed total assets at
$17,021 1863, compared with $16,-
38l 1872 on June 80. 1851.
EAL Earnings Drop.
Eastern Air Lines made a profit
of $1,570,570. or 66 cents a share.
after taxes, during the first six
months of 1852. This compares
with an adjusted net of $1.35 a
share for the same period last
year.
While gross revenues were $751;
l25 900, OF IA per cent over a year
ago, the favorable effect was Off
set by closing of the Newark Air
port, "a 25 per cent reduction in
Iplane mileage as a result of the
petroleum strike. increased taxes
and higher operating costs.
James B. Glading has been
named district manager Of the
local Office of Dun & Bradstreet,
Inc. He succeeds Vinkler j. Wad-
Evening star., 1952-08-10

Mr.. Lange. to the Junior
Chamber of Commerce. -
Merger Proposal Fails.
Immediate prospect of q merger
between Capital and United Air
Lines has fallen through, Capt.
tails president, j. H. Carmichael
yesterday informed employees of
that company. Meanwhile, he
said, Capital would not refuse to
consider any proposal from which
the line would be substantially
benefited. He said Trans World
Air Lines, American and Eastern
have shown interest in the possi-
bility of a merger with Capital.
Department store sales in
Washington picked up 8 per cent
in the week ended August 2 COM
pared with the week earlier, the
Federal Reserve Bank Of Rich
mond reports. Sales were 4 per
cent ahead over a four-week Pc
riod compared with 1851 but were
3 per cent behind in the week
ended August 2. as against the
like week of 1851.
Fur Sales Gain.
Women's thoughts of winter
sent fur sales higher in June by
25 per cent higher than in June.
1851, Washington stores reported.
Matched by major household ap-
pliances. also a gamer by IS per
cent, these two categories led all
over June sales here in percentage
increases. Women apparently took
is per cent less interest in such
luxuries as laces and trimmings
but families bought IS per cent
more toys and games: radios,
monographs and television sets
picked up per cent. One Of the
largest gains of the month was
l3 per cent for playing records.
sheet music. etc. Due probably
to a very hot summer, hosiery
sales slumped 9 per cent.
The Annapolis Roads Club was
The scene yesterday of the fifth
annual company picnic for the
Government Employees Insurance
Companies. About 400 attended
rom early morning until evening.
Not to be outdone by the women,
The Ceico's Mems Athletic Associa-
ion staged a style show to give
he guests male impressions Of
eminine attire.
Evening star., 1952-08-10

dill, transferred
to sales depart
ment in the
Philadelphia Of
flee. MI. Glad
ing comes here
from the man
agement of the
Reading, Pa,
Office.
Ell e c t ion of
Fred G. Butt as
assistant Secre-
tary Of tn e
Greater Wash
ington Agency,
Inc, insurance,
Evening star., 1952-08-10

He is secretary
of the Hotel
Sales Manage
1nent Associa-
on. In the
West he gained
executive expe-
rience af t er
A rmy service
with the Holly
wood Plaza Ho-
tel. Hollywood.
Calf, and the
c os m opolitan
Hotel Of Den-
yer. He belongs
Evening star., 1952-08-10

tUnit Of trading 10 shares. EN- bankruptcy OF
ecefvershtp being reorganzed under the Bank
fuptey Act or securities assumed by such companies
disbursements based the last quarterly or semi
annual declaration. Unless otherwise noted special
lor extra dividends are not included: cid Called
e * dividend q Ex Tghts x-dis Ex distribution
or stock Declared or paid far this year. Pay
able In stock estimated cash value on ex dividend
STOCK dividsnd q spit.ap pessred Or D paid this this
year. accumulative issue with dividends arrears
nd Next day delivery. Paid this year, dividends
omitted deferred or no action taken ct last dividend
diyidend. Y peelsrsd Or PAID in 1851, Dlgs ..osE
exact cash value undetermined declaration date.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1952-04-04
PENSACOLA, FLORIDA
OUR FILM FOLKS

siderable musical training as well
as her uninhibited manner OF
singing in order to be the sensa-
tional performer she is" is the
way Irving Berlin puts it.
Jane Froman's showmanship,
her great beauty and natural
charm have been applauded In
night clubs, on stage and on the
air for many years now, and her
return to the world Of motion
pictures-since her near-fatal
plane accident in 194S, has been
widely hailed as film event
James life story has been pur'
chased by 10th Century-Fox stu
dio and is soon to go before the
cameras.
Jane is gay and enthusiastic
and resents being thought OF as
an invalid simply because she