davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-11-02
By William Hines

When, next Tuesday, all the bets
are down and the results start roll
ing in from the biggest game Of the
year. scores Of millions of Americans
will be hunched in front Of televi-
sion sets trying to dope out the
trends. To help them. there will be
electrical and corporeal brains
aplenty.
And when, about 9 or 10 o'clock
at night. the adrenalin starts flowing
like poteen at a wake, these Ameri-
can millions will be even more ready
than usual to leap from false prem
ises to faulty conclusions.
There are many ways to avoid this
error. The simplest-keeping the
television turned off and waiting for
the authoritative word on Wednes-
day-will not be popular with most
people. So the practical way to keep
from going of the deep end on elec-
tion night Is to arm oneself with q
few basic facts about election returns.
Electoral System
The first thing to remember, Of
course. is that the election of Presi-
dent is based primarily on electoral
votes and only indirectly on popular
votes. Twice in American history men
have won the bulk of the popular
vote but have lost in the electoral
college. This has not happened,
however, since 1888.
It could happan again, of course.
And in any case a voting trend in
any State is only as important as the
relative strength of that State in
the 531-vote electoral college. It takes
266 electoral votes to win. A DEM
ocratic landslide in Vermont would
shock the whole country-but it
would give Stevenson only three votes
in the race that counts. On the other
hand, a really close horse-race in
California would give the successful
candidate precious 80 votes.
This fact makes the returns from
the big five-New York, Pennsyl-
vania. Ohio, Illinois and California,
with a total of 1872 electoral votes
especially important. These are the
States to watch for voting trends.
Places like Nevada and Idaho will
become important only if the eve
ming grows late with the race still
undecided. It has been 36 years
since we have had close electoral
college vote.
Early Stort
Chances are that what the COM
mentators call "the first scattered
returns" will start coming in about
Evening star., 1952-11-02
That's All Any One Has Next Tuesday,
But 1t Might install President
By Ben Whitehurst

because of Kate's stormy persua-
sions and hatred of Tilden, Conk-
ling sided with Hayes. and Hayes be-
came President.
Gov. G. Mennen williams of Mich
igan won in the 1850 election by
margin Of only 1874 votes out of
total Of 1886, 900. One more vote for
Williams opponent in only third
Of Michigan's precincts would have
given the opponent the governor
ship.
Gov. Payne Rather of Kansas man
aged to hold on to the governorship
in 1910 by margin of only 430
votes out Of approximately a million
votes cast.
Close Senote Races
Senator James Murray Of Montana
and Senator Herbert O'Conor Of
Maryland won elections in their re-
spective States by margins of about
one vote per precinct. Senator For
rest Donnell'S margin in Missouri in
1914 was less than half vote per
precinct. The senatorial race in West
Virginia in 1916 was won by Harley
Kilgore by a margin Of about 1A
votes per precinct.
Senator william Benton won in
Connecticut in 1850 by only 1,102
votes out of $4,000 votes cast.
In the 1948 Texas runoff primary
for United States Senator, Lyndon
Johnson received 494,191 votes to
494,104 for Coke Stevenson, diff
ference of only 81 votes out of a
total of nearly million.
Many congressional elections have
been too close for comfort. Long is
the list of congressman who have
been elected by margins Of fewer than
200 votes, some from districts with
more than 100000 population.
Congressman William N. Rogers Of
the 1st district of New Hampshire
won in 1896 by a margin of only II
votes. If only one more vote had
been cast for his opponent in only
one precinct out of seven, Rogers
opponent would have won.
Is it any wonder that with such
extremely close elections in the past.
particularly in several pivotal States
in 1948. the political pollsters are
now hesitant about forecasting the
results this Tuesday? You see. they
don't know whether you are going
to vote.
Evening star., 1952-11-02
Our Friends Asia Fear aft Influence if Eisenhower Wins

When Gen. Eisenhower and Gov.
Stevenson were selected as the Re-
publican and Democratic Party
nominees for President in July the
leaders of Far Eastern countries who
are on the side of the free world
breathed a collective sigh Of relief.
Both men were known to be in
ternationally minded and conscious
of the role American economic and
military aid is playing in developing
a bulwark against further Commu-
mist aggression in that area. In all
Asiatic countries still outside the orbit
of communism there is a large seq
ment Of the population. and many
leaders, ready to ride whichever tide
Red or free-seems stronger. For
one reason or another they are still
dubious about aligning themselves
too solidly with the United States and
the United Nations in showdown
battle with Russia and her satellites.
Evening star., 1952-11-02
By Joseph A. Fox

strategy. Politics being what it is,
the leaders throughout the country
will lose no time in setting him up
for 1856. Under such circumstances.
elder statesman Truman would con-
tinue to be key adviser, but only
an adviser. That's the way things
have been in this campaign, il sur
face indications are a gauge, with
the President undoubtedly having a
lot Of leeway-but always deferring
to the Governor.
In the event, however, of an Eisen-
hover victory, it really would be
Lock out, neighbors,' for the Re-
publicans, to borrow another Tru-
manism. Nominally the Illinois man
would be the titular leader of the
Democrats. at least until the next
convention, always granting. Of
course. that he wanted to continue
to keep his hand in. But there is
little doubt that Mr.. Truman would
WELD a lot more power.
Despite the troubles he has had
with recalcitrants in the Democratic
ranks. and recognizing that scandals
and the Korean situation have done
his administration no good, it still
cannot be denied that outside of
some parts of the dissident South,
MIR. Truman is no mean figure in his
party. He carries lot of weight with
industrial labor and racial blocs in
the North and East, and until and
unless there is proof to the con-
trary he has to be rated high with
a lot OF the farm population also.
Against his background he might
even occupy a stronger position in
the party than a defeated presi-
Dental candidate.
One thing Is sure. and that is. II
Evening star., 1952-11-02

in the Pacific time zone. will be much
later. 1t probably will be well after
midnight before the California count
is anywhere near complete.
AS Goes Moine'
It is well to remember that even
complete State returns prove little
or nothing when taken as omens.
"As goes Maine. so goes the Nation"
has proved true only % out of 80
times in the past. Maine, being Re-
publican, is right when the Nation
goes Republican, but wrong as wrong
can be when-as has happened in
the last five elections-the Democrats
get the nod. And even in the case
of such supposedly infallible barom-
eters as Arizona (right in every one
OF the 10 elections since it joined the
Union) the chance of being wrong
this time is exactly $3.50. Past per-
formance. statisticians will assure
you, does not insure future success.
Also well to remember as your blood
pressure starts rising early in the
Evening star., 1952-11-02

AS a result, if these political seq
ments north of he 49th parallel
were States instead of provinces,
Stevenson likely would carry a
majority of them.
Canada has always had a keen
interest in what its neighbor did,
partly because the actions of that
neighbor might affect Canadas
fortunes. The two things many
Canadians fear the United States
may do are give the democratic world
poor leadership in the struggle
against communism, and withdraw
within itself. A concomitant Of the
latter could be a revival of economic
protectionism In the States, with new
tariff barriers against foreign goods,
including the goods of Canada,s ris-
ing new industrial complex.
Pot Identities
Rightly or wrongly, Canadians tend
to identify the Republican Party
with isolation1sm and high tariffs.
and the Democratic Party with in
ternationalism and a lowering of
tariff walls. Original hopes that a
Republican Party led by Eisenhower
might be different haven't been
entirely dissipated. but they have
been decreased by the generals
wooing Of his party's Midwestern
element.
An oddity about the way Canadians
regard the United States campaign is
that Canadian self-interest cuts
across party lines. Canadian Con.
servatiyes as such would be pleased
with swing to the right in Ameri-
can politics. for the psychological
effect Republican victory might
have on Canada.
Next year the Conservatives will be
opposing the Liberals in the first
Canadian general election since l949.
But as Canadians, many Conserya.
tives would rather see the Demo.
Gratis reelected If. as they believe.
the continuation Of those American
tariff reduction policies which are
greatly benefiting Canada depends
on Democratic victory.
Evening star., 1952-11-02
Truman Won't AXE 6. O. P.VictoryLying Down

ST. LOUIS, Mo.-President Tru-
man is sitting tight and keeping
quiet about his future after he leaves
the White House, January 20. but
one thing may be said with certainty:
No matter what else he does,
politics will continue to be the
dominant interest in his life.
After fighting Democratic battles
for 40 years-from precinct worker
to President. as he often remarks
with satisfaction-the Missourian
has absolutely no intention OF NOV
ing over quietly to the sidelines and
sitting out the wars when he is
cast in the role of elder statesman.
I'm going to keep on working for
the Democratic Party" the President
told one of his last whiStle-stop audi
ences in Michigan this past week.
And that, his intimates say. is gospel.
At 68 it is not likely that Mr.. Tru-
man ever again will hold elective
Office. It's no secret that he's always
had q nostalgia desire to get back to
the Senate, for Mr.. Truman enjoyed
his 10 years there, and seemingly,
never has soured on old legislative
associates despite the pushing around
he has gotten on SO many items in
his domestic program.
No Opening
The Missouri senatorial situation
Is such, however, that it offers scant
discernible possibilities for any
aspirant in the near future. Senator
Hennings. Democrat, still has four
years to 60, and Mr.. Truman told
news conference one day that he
never would contest Office with
Senator Hennings.
The other Missouri Senate seat is
at stake this year, and whether 1t Is
retained by Senator KEN. Repub-
lican, or won by Stuart Symington
it will not be open normally for an
other six years.
Mr.. Truman always has favored
the proposal to make retired Pres
idents eligible for appointment as
Senator at large, with the privilege
of participating in debate but no
voting rights. The plan hobs up In
discussion every once in q while, but
has never made much headway.
And the President has only laughed
at the possibility that he might seek
to emulate John Quincy Adams. by
bidding for Q House seat.
Appointive ONCE Il out Of the
question also.
Election Foctor
Naturally. the result Of Tuesdays
election viii be the controlling factor
In Mr.. Truman's course from here on.
If Gov. Stevenson makes the grade
and the President has spared no
effort to see that he does-Mr. Tru-
man can be expected to do as he
has in the campaign just ending:
Put himself at the disposal of the
new President for any service he
can render.
I'm not one Of those prima dom
mas" is q favorite Truman quip
whenever work In the party ranks
b discussed.
Gov. Stevenson win, Of course. con-
tnus to dictate party policy and
Evening star., 1952-11-02

second condone Gen. Eisenhower's
association with the senatorial critics,
even If politics does make strange
bedfellows.
That was the unforgivable sin, in
Mr.. Truman's opinion. outweighing.
perhaps. the generals turnabout on
administration foreign policy-an-
other sore spot.
Porty in Defect
If the Republicans win, the coun-
try can get ready to see a repetition
of the post-1928 days. After the de-
feat of Gov. Alfred E. Smith by
Herbert Hoover. John j. Raskob, the
millionaire chairman Of the Demo-
cratic National Committee, wasted no
time in planning for 1882. Jouett
Shouse, former Assistant Secretary of
the Treasury under Woodrow Wilson,
and also a former member of Con-
gress from Kansas, was brought in as
executive director Of the national
committee; Charley Michaelson, as
tute political writer Of the old New
York World, took over the publicity
portfolio-and the Hoover admins
tration was in for bad time. Gov.
Smith then, Of course, had high
hopes of being nominated again. The
prize went to Franklin D. Roosevelt
and the long rule of the Democrats
was on its way.
If they lose Tuesday, the Demo-
Gratis will dust off that old blueprint
again, according to those who should
know.
Beyond his intention to stay with
politics, Mr.. Truman presumably has
made no plans, so far as intimates
are aware. He has said that, once
rid Of the burdens Of the presidency,
he proposes to do as he damn
pleaSeS."
Evening star., 1952-11-02
Canada Wutches-
American Booting Strs Unusual Interest;
Most People Are Pulling for Stevenson
By Gerald Worina

OTTAWA.-Probably never before
has an American election aroused
such interest among Canadians or
caused so many Canadians to take
sides vociferously as the current
campaign which their government
leaders and editorial writer's have
repeatedly told them is none of their
business.
It's impossible to determine the
relative strength of the II like Ike"
Canadians and the Stevenson or
chaos" Canadians. But there's no
doubt there are great many Of each
and that both candidates unwitting-
" recruited large proportion Of
their voteless Canadian supporters
by television. American TV has a
large audience in populous Southern
Canada.
Traditionally in Canada the left-of-
center parties. the Liberals and the
Socialists, have been pro-Democratic,
while the right-wing parties. the Con-
servatives and the Social Creditors,
have been most sympathetic to the
Republicans. In general, that divi-
sion still exists, but developments in
the campaign have tended to lessen
Gen. Eisenhower's stature in Ca
madam eyes and enhance Gov. Ste
venSonS.
Distrust Of Isolotionists
In self-interest. Canada distrusts
the isolationist and protectionist func-
tions in American politics. When Eli
senhower seemed to achieve meet
ing Of minds with Senator Taft, and
held out his hand to Senator Nc
Carthy and Senator Jenner, many
Canadians were shocked and disil-
luSioned
While few people in this country
seem to think highly Of President
Truman's contributions to the CAM
paign. many have been greatly inn
pressed by Gov. Stevenson's forth
rightness, his intellectual approach
to issues. his grasp Of International
questions and his consistent refusal
TO compromise on such politically
dangerous issues as tidelands.
Evening star., 1952-11-02
Vote

Your one vote. my friend. may de-
eide the election.
Absurd, you say? Well, let's see.
BY q margin Of less than one vote
per precinct in one State. a Presi-
dent Of the United States was
elected. That has happened twice.
Congressional, senatorial, guber-
material, and even presidential elec-
tions have been hairline close on
occasions, and some day it Is bound
to happen: One Of these high public
officials viii be elected with margin
Of exactly one vote.
As Q matter Of fact, on November
8. 1851. the Mayor Of New Haven.
Conn. was elected by q margin Of
only two votes. 34.S48 to 34,846.
On election night in 1916. Charles
Evans Hughes went to bed thinking
that he had been elected President
by an electoral vote Of 267 to 264.
Not until he arose next morning did
he learn that late returns from Cali
fornia had moved that States elec-
toral vote from the Republican to
the Democratic column and that, as
Q result. he had lost the presidency.
Woodrow Wilson won California
by margin of only 1906 votes out
of a total of nearly a million votes
cast. So narrow was this margin
that if only one more person in each
California precinct had gone to the
polls and voted for Hughes, Hughes
would have been elected President.
BIoine's Loss
Another presidential election was
decided by a very narrow margin.
James G. Blaine lost New York-and
the presidency-to Grover Cleveland
by only 1.149 votes.
In the election of 1948 the States
of Ohio and California gave Truman
margins of less than vote per pre-
cinct over Dewey. A mere handful
of voters in those two States and
Illinois could have made Dewey the
President of the United States. Few
er than 10000 people could have
swung the three States, and the
United States, to Dewey. A slight
shift in only two Of these three States
would have thrown the election into
the House of Representatives. as
none of the three presidential candi-
dates, Truman, Dewey and Thur
mond, would then have had the
necessary majority of the electoral
vote.
On three occasions the presiden-
tial election was so close that the
decision was thrown into the House
of Representative. This happened
first in 1900, next in 1924 and. finally.
in 1876. The latter was the contest
between Rutherford B. Hayes and
Samuel j. Tilden. Election returns
from three Southern States were dis
puted. A special 15-member electo-
raj commission was selected. It
agreed by a margin Of one vote. 8 to
z, to accept the Hayes electors from
the States involved in the dispute,
resulting in Hayes being declared the
winner by a one-vote margin, 185 to
184 electoral votes.
OF passing interest is the fact that
Q Washington woman dictated the de-
cision. She was Kate Chase Sprague,
who hated Tilden because eight
years earlier he had blocked the
nomination Of her father, Salmon
P. Chase, for the presidency. Now.
through her intimate friend, Roscoe
Conkling, who had great influence,
she got revenge on Tilden. Conkling
had wanted to side with T1lden, but
Evening star., 1952-11-02

the Democrats do lose, Mr.. Truman
will be more determined than ever
to keep on fighting. And he'll be
ready to 60 to the mat again the day
after the ballots are counted.
In his own mind he is certain that
the future of the Nation-even the
worlds bound up in the policies to
which his party is committed. If he
has anything to do with it, they will
prevail.
Further, so far as the President is
concerned, there is lot more than
just run-of -the-mill politics involved
in the clash with the G. O. p. this
year.
The President always had held
Gen. Eisenhower in high regard and
he assumed that the feeling was re-
ciprocated. It consequently came as
somewhat OF o shock when, within q
few minutes after his nomination.
the general announced to q nation.
wide radio and TV audience that he
proposed to lead q crusade that would
rid Washington Of its arrogant"
men.
But that was to be only the starter
and when the general displayed a
willingness to play ball with such
teammates" as Senators Mccarthy
of Wisconsin and Jenner of Indiana.
who were not above denouncing of
Gen. George c. Marshall as traitor,
the President was ready to take of
the gloves.
'Greotest Living American
Mr.. Truman has deep-seated
affection for his former Chief Of Staff
and cabinet aid. whom he has re-
ferred to as "the greatest living
American" and he would not for q
Evening star., 1952-11-02

Some are antagonistic to the Ameri-
can program because they fear that
exploitation will follow. Others don't
like it because they are so near the
Communist front lines, and are pos
sible targets of the next Red move.
They usually prefer to temporize. even
to adopt position Of neutrality. They
have not learned the lesson Of Mu-
mich, as did Europe, in which it was
demonstrated that appeasement does
not pay.
Evening star., 1952-11-02
Anxiety Over Ike

But since the election campaign
opened, q great deal Of anxiety has
been caused by the moves Of Gen.
Eisenhower in: ID Accepting into the
fold of his close advisers Senator
Taft. (2) advocating strong cuts in
the national budget-the largest part
of which goes to military and foreign
aid programs, and CD proposing that
Evening star., 1952-11-02
Early Stort

Chances are that what the com.
mentators call ''the first scattered
returns" will start coming in about
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-07

Billy LoeS, youngest member of
the Brooklyn Dodger pitching staff,
will be q on Dec. Is.
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-07
Rx The Assoeiated Press

Republican Dwight D. Eisenno"-
er polled more than half a mnllon
votes in Florida Tuesday, but DEM
ocrat Adlai E. Stevenson whitfield
down his margin when late returns
came in from scattered precincts.
At one time Eisenhower's leao
was more than 100000, but later
returns cut it to 87,077.
With 1912 of 1884 precincts re-
ported, the vote was: Eisenhower
$40, $50 and Stevenson 423, ,4S3.
In the race for governor Demo-
crat Dan McCarty led the ticket
with 533, $50 against 194,045 for ms
Republican opponent, Harry >
Swan. The totals came from 1854
precincts out of 1884.
Florida also elected seven OF
eight Democratic congressman ana
ore other race was still in doubt.
The first district congressional
race between Democrat Courtney
Campbell, Dunedin and Republican
William C. Cramer, st. Petersburg,
may be decided by absentee bal
lots.
With all 2O7 precincts reported,
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-07
|Ike's Margin In Florida
Whitfield By Late Returns

tne vote was: Campbell 1880 and
Cramer 64.526. About $500 absen-
tee ballots remain to be tabulated.
Els mowers margin in Florida
was 54.6 per cent compared with
oe.S per cent for Herbert Hoover
wnen the state last went Republi-
can In 1928. Hoover defeated Al
Smith by 144, ,16s to 1O1, ,764.
On the same basis, McCarty re-
celved 73 per cent of the vote for
governor, compared with Doyle E.
Cartons so per cent over Repub-
lcan william J. Howey in 1928.
Wnlle some Republicans called
the Eisenhower victory 'the real
beginning of the two-party system
IN the SOUTH" freedom of the
South from economic bondage and
sign that the people of Florida
place country above party" some
OF the statements sounded like
those issued after Hoover's victory
"a years ago, as revealed in old
newspaper files.
q. Harold Alexander, Republican
executive committee chairman,
said the presidential returns "as-
sures a two-party system" and c.
{. Spades, Republican National
committeeman, said it means
many who registered as Demo-.
Gratis but who are at heart Repub-
licans will join with us in building
a great Republican Party down
here and assuring a two-party syS-
tenn for Florida"
However, Swan charged he had
received no help from Spades and
Alexander and blamed them for
his defeat. He said they had given
him mo financial aid or coopera-
ton"
After the Hoover victory in 1928,
the Skipper-Bean factions of the
party promised to unite and bring
about real two-party system in
the state" but it didn't pan out.
Even during the past year, there
was sharp party division over
methods Of selecting convention
delegates.
Alexander said Wednesday the
party is putting aside patronage
matters for the present to con-
centrate on consolidating its gains
and building up a real two-party
system in Florida.
Among jobs open when the COP
takes over are U. S. district at
torneys for the Northern and
Southern Districts, their assistants
and collectors of customs.
Alexander said the Republican
victory probably will lead to pas
sage of congressional act pro-
viding for another federal Judge in
Florida.
wen get that appointment" he
said.