davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1952-02-28
Local NeqvS

Z
'iI. amy W \'l''et" .'f"V'S, "'
,xg. the Weekend.
AL'-. N','l, H. ''mous' attended tine
ia,..'. 'i "','''' -, 9''oUS' III ram
Ma.I " a." I"S' thursday.
J''N H'''"1G' OF baltimore VISITED
ny. 'o'''''' -. r. : ny" ~ " olANE
aN' ',''t ''''''''S over '''' "eeN-'io'
David W. Walton, .Tr.. entered the
Wrt Penn bosnital PITTSBURGH pa
IN Wednesday for a major oneration.
ln- Francis Bittingo,. is ouito IN
- She b,r.. OF her d.robta,. lb.s
T,.xaII Navbaw. ,t lIorono.aboI, D.,
Ar and Mrs. Jack Treacy have re-
tat.'d * then home here after about
t"o weeks ia Florida visiting rela-
dr and Mrs. Ffed y. Zen and son,
t,-..a'd' 10 H'di'ld' Pa former resi-
dents ''gfe' were VISITING TRENDS over
la. "'e@-ood'
r.li> pobineon rono Rr,ncb NJ
...., c..nl',. a,J lIa,,da,' h,,a ,,.;t,
"Ie, who has been Ill at her home
.i4 ~ io'H'
Mn. and Mrs cio,, TIoffn,on ,ad.
.a. ,rCoII.ra paul, snon+ ,ha ,,.a ,'.'''
..d h.ro with bo, n,o+bor A.. Ed;n,
e.,ro..,,a.Io
I..d Visited relatives IN OaI-1anI aad
IF, Lake parl. "a fou. davs last wool,
..,.rrfng 70 ,bei,. bon,o -, E,.;daS
5ir. and Mrs. Nerlyn O'Neil and
Willard Ryan, Washington, d. c., re-
turned to their homes on Monday after
,..f.t-v.s
Mrs. George I. Kirby is now at
home where She viii be confined to
Led for several weeks following an
operation at the Garrett County
Memorial hospital
Mcmbers of the IOOF and Rebekah
lodges are sponsoring a benefit social
To- ac held in the IOOF hall, Loeb
IEnn Heights, on Friday, February
-, beginning at 1850 o'clock.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1952-02-28

Seventy were killed in Korean
prison riot after L. S. troops were at
tackled
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1952-02-28

Eisenhower's name was placed on
the Oregon ballot.
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-05

NO ORDERS DELIVERED
UNDER ss.oo DELIVERY MON.
TUES. WE'D. At $50 Pm.
THURS. DELIVERY 1880 & 400
Pm. ALL DAY ON FIJI. 4 SAT-.
The Key West citizen., 1952-11-05

FREE DELIVERY ON ALL
ORDERS or $500 On MORE
SMALL DELIVERY CHARGE ON
ALL ORDERS or $500 TO $500
Evening star., 1952-05-09
Texus Releases Boy, IS.
Convicted as Adult
By The A,soeiutad Press

SUGAR LAND, Tex, May "a
boy convict presumably was en-
route to his Iowa farm home with
his mother who gained his release
from a Texas prison farm.
Herbert Fletcher, Is. sent to
prison as an adult, walked into
the arms of fearful Mrs. Edna
Fletcher last night.
The mother won her sons free
dom after a 12-day tussle with
Texas laws. The conditional re-
lease was signed by Acting Gov.
Ben Ramsey on the recommended
tion of the State PardonS Board
at Austin.
The conditional pardon pro-
vided for the boy to be returned
by his mother to Iowa officials who
offered to take jurisdiction. He
never is to return voluntarily to
Texas during his 10-year SEN
tence.
Young Fletcher was sentenced
last March for robbing two filling
stations.
Evening star., 1952-05-09
MaIan's Bill 10 Keep
White Supremacy
Wins in Assembly
BY the Associated Press

CAPETOWN, South Africa, May
S.-Prime Minister Daniel F. Ma
lan's bill to alter South Africa S
constitution and keep the inde-
pendent courts from killing his
white supremacy program won
majority approval on its decisive
second reading last night.
The House of Assembly, con-
trolled by DR.. Malan'S Nationalist
members, passed the bill, 70, to
IS, after a 30-hour debate marked
by insults and threats as well as
arguments and appeals.
Second reading is approval of
the principles of the bill. It now
goes to a committee of the whole
house for clause-by clause debate
of amendments, but DR.. Malan's
majority is strong enough to beat
back crippling changes and pass
it on the final, formal third read
ing.
Creates New Court.
Specifically, the bill will create
a parliamentary high court to de-
eide constitutional issues in place
of the Appeals Court, South
Africa's present highest tribunal.
DIR. Malan's admitted purpose is
to make clear sailing for his ma
jor Jim Crow Act-trimming the
voting rights Of about O,O00 mixed
blood colored persons in Cape
Province. Their right to vote for
white national legislators from the
province was guaranteed in the
1909 constitution.
The nationalist Prime Minister
pushed his voting law through
Parliament once before. The ap-
pealS court threw it out last March
20 on the grounds it violated the
constitution.
Tension Mounting.
Another clause of the constitu-
tion threatened with repeal after
Parliament takes judicial power is
the guarantee that English remain
an official language, along with
AfrikaanS. Afrikaans, derived
from Dutch, is the language of the
Beers who make up about so per
cent Of South Africa's white mi
nority and dominate DR.. Malan's
party.
Tension is growing as the bill
proceeds through the House. Nom
whites-the suppressed majority
of South Africa's population
have threatened nationwide dis
obedience of racial laws.
Evening star., 1952-05-09
New Charlottesville Clinic

CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va, May
|9 (SpeciaD charlottesville City
Council has appropriated $l,36s
to purchase equipment for the es-
tablishment of dental clinic to
operate one day a week in the
Midway Building. The Welfare
Department, with offices in the
same building, will administer the
clinic.
Evening star., 1952-05-09
Bullets Finish WonderingHorse
Injured on Railroad Bridqe

that thoroughfare's railroad tracks.
It then made the towpath along
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal,
and got to Canal road and Weaver
place NV.
At this point. it started across
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
trestle, about IL feet above the
ground. One front and one hind
leg fell between the ties.
Seeing the animal suffering,
police killed it.. Four shots were
fired by Pvts. James L. Paris, Of
No. 8 precinct and Elton L. Sieh,
of No. 7.
Evening star., 1952-05-09

Police had to kill a saddle horse
last night to ease its suffering
after two of the animals legs fell
between the ties of a railroad tres
tie bridge.
This was the tragic end of a
4-mile run by the horse. which
bolted from the Edgewater Riding
Academy. 2514 G street NV, as a
hostler was removing its bride.
The 4-year-old black gelding,
which had been in the stable only
two weeks, was first reported to
Park and Metropolitan Police as
trotting along K street, then along
Evening star., 1952-05-09
Ashton Church Supper

The Women's Society of
Christian Service of Ashton (Md. }
Methodist Church will serve a
turkey supper and bake sale at
4 pm. tomorrow at the church.
Evening star., 1952-05-09

You haze seen these taUO
exciting SPACE HEROES
on WTTG, Channel 5, no,v
see them in person
Evening star., 1952-05-09
faded blue
DENIM

First time seen in these waters is the
3-button toilored sports coot of the
otl-time fovorite denim. Comfortable
as sports shirt, it's the ideal coot for
week ends, vacations and summer
fun. Handsomely styled with patch
pockets, center vent and ocean pearl
buttons. Sizes SO to 46, regulars and
longs. l2.95
EquoIIy comfortable and good looking
ore the denim sIocks. Ready cuffed
and fitted with q regular woistbond.
Sizes 28 to ~. 4.05
Denim waking shorts fill the need for
Just about every summer activity, on
land or seq. Medium length, regular
woistbond. Sizes 28 to A. 3.95
W6L-The Mems Store. Second Floor
-. also Bethesda Chevy Chase
The Miami times., 1952-12-06
By Popular Request

st. Agnes Volunteer Dramatic
Club presents "a Dream of
Queen Esther" a 3-act religious
drama, Monday, December s at
$3.50 pm. in the st. Agnes Adult
and Youth Center, 1886 NV 3rd
court. The drama is sponsored by
Temple Willing Workers and
Choir. Admission so cents.
Jams
The Miami times., 1952-12-06

You are cordially invited to at
tend the Complimentary Dance of
the United Carpenters and join
erS of America, Local Union 1884,
at Rockland Palace, December IL
from 8 pm. until? For table reSer-
walton call 82-7709 or 7-6361. Ad-
mission $1.00.
The Miami times., 1952-12-06
WELCOME ORANGE BLOSSOM CLASSIC

LOCAL FAMCEE ALUMNI thorofare
bunting welcoming throngs who will
fair this weekend witness the 10th Annual Orange
ting their Christmas lights time for the classic the city
looking the visitors Oh we'll maybe they
"CHUCK" SMITH, Famcee
public Wednesday night and head
quarters "SCROOGE" EDWARDS along
Nobody thinking about it, but that surprise
Saturday will almost wreck the classic
like the they will
the S the death Mams
for being the
friend little the the street Rev BARLEY
all We predict his funeral will be
the largest witnessed in Miami
The Miami times., 1952-12-06

FRI and SAT. A BIG DOUBLE BILL
"OUTLAW WOMEN"
In Techncolor
With Marie Windsor and Richard Robert
sim. MON TWO FAMILY PICTURES
Louis Hayward Patricia Medina
CAPTAIN PIRATE" lin Technieolor
cause FOR ALARM"
Loretta Young, Barry Sullivan
TIES WED. THUR. FIRST SHOWING
eTHE MERRY WIDOW" Cn TechnicoIor)
Lana Turner, Fernando Lamas
Thrilling! "NABONGO" Breath Taking
(The Gorila)
Buster Crabbe, Fiji Dorsay
The Miami times., 1952-12-06
MONEY

For all property owners to build,
improve, finish.
Business and collateral loans.
2 bedroom CHS house on your
lot - 5000
PHELAN MORTGAGE CO.
Builders and Developers
227 Shorthand Bldg. Ph. 97-7337
The Miami times., 1952-12-06

GREETINGS AND SALUTATIoNs a great bq welcome to
all visitors here for Mam sixth Orange
Blossom Classic After much guaran-
tee weekend careree mment to the thousands of Forans
who will trod bouevards this weekend
earned it. And for gentlemen of chance don't Virginia
team cheap The picking
Dominion to by two touhdowns
cherce.
The Miami times., 1952-12-06
- WELCOME ORANGE BLOSSOM CLASSIC


FEDERAL NARCOTICS agents swooped Rufus Papa
Teetop Shepherd Tuesday hemp charge JIMMIE RIVERS
Washington the Classic And that cute dish
eyecatcher Fla News Editor
HENRY MCKINNEY WPB Sunday showing off his
who is visiting from Phiy CAPT HOWARD
Clash coleague Orange Bios
CYRIL POTERS latest arrival is boy born
Friday Mt. Sinai.
The Miami times., 1952-12-06
IN MEMORIAM

In memory of Mrs. Ella Knowles
who departed this life December 8,
1850.
May she rest in peace!
The Miami times., 1952-12-06
BLOSSOM CLASSIC
FRED ERRON, the sIeuth. n,


WELCOME ORANGE BLOSSOM CLASSIC
FRED E6RoN the seuth has applied his
ERNIE Congra to B. SOLOMON JR getting
store and apartment building at 18th Third
of trouble getting his plans thru but he stuck finally
through The investment about $4,000 Chic BONNIE MAE
NEWBOD getting plaudit for the fine job she's doing
in her night cooking and sewing classes The Algonquin
Brownsville Tuesday night CLINTON MOBLEYS
(ERNESTINE ROU cuddlng twin boys born last Monday
The MRS entertained
party last Friday at the c. M JOLLVETTES in Liberty City
Glad DR. HARVEY SMITH doing better after his ILL.,
JIMMIE BELL who had serious operation during
mer is and around again looking real good.
WELCOME ORANGE BLOSSOM CLASSIC
THE YOUNG BUSINESS MEN OF he
New Years Morning Breakfast Dance the Famngo
Mary Elizabeth Chi Eta Phi Sorority holds their Installation
quet at Georgetes Tea Room Sunday at The half
million Carver High school will be dedicated Dec IA
aycees and Young Adult Junior League will Classic Cabaret
Dance after the Saturday night in the Flamingo
Swingtme" the Mary Elizabeth 18 WILBUR BRASS
FIELD is boosting Canadian whSkey called Dominion
the drink this it will him with
National Distributors Not bad drink either CHESTER SEA-
BURY in town from Ocaa looking the local
- WELCOME ORANGE BLOSSOM CLASSIC -
THE WILBUR 6RASSFIELDS expecting their first
month after Is of marriage MRS j. HARVEY SMITH
LEO JENKINS i'll at the hospital Speaking of
employee relationships The of M and
Cafeteria downtown bought 100 81 tickets the
Blossom Classic distributed them their 100 cooed
employees wanted that's ALL The
them clng
JOHNNIE DAVIS EVERETT BUTLER had their Classic
Clash without the help of injured GARTH REEVES
the boys did good job and through with their usual good
edition.
The Miami times., 1952-12-06

MIAMI TIMES, MfANdI, FLORIDA
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1852 PAGE THIRTEEN
The Miami times., 1952-12-06

DR.. L. ~. LOMBARD
OPTOMETRIC EVE SPECIALIST
announces hIs new location In
the Miami Eye Clinic
the Miami Eye Clinic Building
opposite the Telephone Company
IS NE. 2nd St. Ph. 9-240z
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-05

Seven names have been signed
to the petition filed in the House
to discharge the House Districts
Committee from jurisdiction over
the Senate-passed bill for limited
Washington home rule.
Six more were added yester-
day to the petition filed recently
by Representative Granger, Demo-
crat. of Utah.
The new signatures are those
of Republican Representatives
Sitter of Pennsylvania, Garfield
of New Jerey and Heselton of
Massachusetts,, and Democratic
Representatives Mccarthy of
Minnesota, Machrowicz of Michi-
gan and Yates of Illinois.
If the sponsors get 218 signers,
a Constitutional majority to the
House, the petition would force
the home rule measure to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-05
Kovukos Grill License
Suspended for ; Duys

The liquor license of the Ka-
vakos Grill, 721-27 H street NE.
has been suspended for three days,
beginning at am. April IA.
The suspension followed hear
ing last week, at which the restau-
rant and night club was charged
with selling whisky to a young
woman under 81.
The suspension was voted by
Chairman Alan w. Payne and
Mrs. Agnes E. Mason of the AL
coholic Beverage Control Board,
but James CD. Moran, the other
member of the board, dissented.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-05
Seven Sign House Petition To Advance House Rule Bill

House floor for action. Home rule
advocates failed in the last Con-
gress to get the necessary number
to bring a somewhat similar suf-
frage bill to the floor, after it
was pigeonholed in the District
committee.
A House District subcommittee
has completed lengthy hearings
on the Senate bill but has reached
no decision as yet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-05
CeIonese Dyehouse to Close

CUMBERLAND. Md, April S
P. Celanese Corp. has set
April II as the date for closing
its dyehouse at the Amcelle plant
here because of depressed market
conditions in the synthetic yarn
industry. -Four hundred employees
Twill be furloughed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-04-05
Acheson Plans Good Will
Visit to Bruzil Soon
BY the Associated Press

Secretary of State Acheson is
expected to make a good will trip
to Brazil this spring, State De-
partment officials reported last
might.
It will be Mr.. Acheson's first
trip to Latin America.
Evening star., 1952-04-10
Taft Amusses Total
.Of 861, ,999 Votes
In Illinois Primary
By the Associated Press

CHICAGO, April 10.-The count
of returns in the Illinois presiden-
tial preference primary was ended
TO-DAY with Senator Taft in front
with 861 ,999 votes.
Here are the final unofficial tab
ulations:
Returns from 9,267 of the states
9,G10 precincts gave Senator Taft
861 ,999. Harold E. Stasseh 145,643
Riley A. Bender 21.771.
Returns on write-in votes from
1895 precincts gave Gen. Eisen.
hover 135,302, Gen. Macarthur
1854, Gov. Warren 2.245.
Senator Kefauver of Tennessee
was alone on the Democratic pref.
erence ballot. But there were
write-in votes for Gov. Stevenson
of Illinois, President Truman
lSenator Douglas of Illinois ane
Senator Russell of Georgia.
Returns from 8,778 precinct.
gave Senator Kefauver of Tennes.
see, 484, ,281 votes.
Returns on write-in votes from
|6,iO5 precincts gave Gov. Steven.
son 1880, President Truman
1850. Senator Douglas 1887, Sen
ator Russell 484.
Evening star., 1952-04-10

ion in Louisiana wants the two
party system. We are opposed to
the studied techniques of stunting
the Republican Party for the pur-
pose of control. The strong arm
tactics of the Jack
son faction in the mass meetings
now being held are all part of
that technique. They are pri-
Imarily to preserve a proprietary
interest and are a great discredit
to an American of Senator Taft's
stature. Such tactics reflect dis
credit on the National Committee
and the Republican Party.
1--WE call on the National Com
mittee not to wash it's hands of
this stain on the Republican
Party. locally or nationally. An
obsolete historical antagonism is
not holding back development of
Ia two-party system in the South
nearly as much as the planned
qualification of the public desire
for an active expanded Republican
Party. We ask for an impartial
Investigation now"
Reece Methods Attacked.
The National Committee and its
credential committee at the Re-
publican National Convention next
July will pass upon delegate con-
tests. What the Eisenhower peo-
pie fear is that these contests will
be decided, not on their merits,
but on demand of pro-Taft men,
bers. of the national committee
The Eisenhower chairman in
Tennessee, John A. Pritchett. has
issued statement. too. charging
that the delegates to the national
convention from Tennessee, favor
ing Taft, were chosen in high
handed manner" which will react
in the end against Taft and in
favor of Eisenhower. He attacked
the methods adopted by Represen-
tatlve Carroll Reece, Southern
manager for Taft and Republican
National Committee for Tennes-
see.
Since Mr.. Reece is so high in
the Taft councils" he said, lit
must be assumed that the Taft
national management will not dis
avoW such methods"
He added that the Tennessee
results will be "bitter tea," not for
Senator Taft's opponents as sug-
gested by Mr.. Reece, but for ths
Eisenhower opposition, since 1t
will hurt Taft's chances in other
States. as soon as Tennessee tac-
tics are widely known.
Evening star., 1952-04-10
President Declares
He Would Not Accent
Draft 70 Run Again
THE EVENING STAR A-3
Washington, D. C. !"
THURSDAY, APRIL 10, 1882
By Joseph A. Fox

/ President Truman said emphat.
lcally today that he will not ac-
cept a draft to seek reelection.
He added that he had decided
against running again for the
simple reason that he didn't want
to run.
The President also expressed
the hope that it would not be-
come necessary for him to signify
his own preference for a sue
ceSsor.
Mr.. Truman reiterated that
once the Democratic convention
picks a nominee in July, he in
tends to 60 on the road and CAM
paign for him.
The President was asked lust
what decided him against seek
ing reelection and he responded
that the sole reason was that he
didn't want to run.
Mind Made Up.
He recalled that, as he said. he
had told reporters a year or two
ago that he had made up his
mind. Friends have said that one
Iof the big factors in the Presi-
dents determination was the new
two-term amendment to the Con-
stitution.
The President also was asked
why he had chosen the jefferson
Jackson Day dinner March 20 to
make the announcement.
He chuckled and said that it was
the biggest audience he had ever
had, and that, further, he wanted
to put it out in a manner in
which the announcement could
not be distorted.
He told one questioner that he
didn't think he would 60 to the
Democratic National Convention
because there was no necessity
for it.
Asked if he would state his
choice for successor before the
convention, Mr.. Truman said he
hoped that wouldn't be necessary.
Will Support Ticket.
When the President re-empha-
sized that he intended to CAM
paign for the nominee because he
wanted to see Democrat in the
White House. he was asked If
he would work for Senator Ke-
fauver of Tennessee.
The President responded that
he would support the Democratic
ticket.
Asked how he looked at the
candidacy of Gov. Adlai Stevenson
of Illinois, the President said he
had no preference to express
now.
Evening star., 1952-04-10
Eisenhower Backers
Hit Taft 'Strong-Arm'
Tactics in the South
By Gould Lincoln

Charges that the Taft managers
in some of the Southern States
have resorted to "trickery" and
"strong-arm State organization
practices" to elect pro-Taft dele
Igates to the Republican National
Convention were made today by
supporters of Gen. Dwight D
Eisenhower.
In a telegram to Republican
National Chairman Guy George
Gabrielson, John Minor Wisdom
Louisiana Eisenhower chairman
said:
1--WE protest against the dis
graceful, un-American tactics be-
ing pursued by Louisiana Republi'
can National Committeeman Johr
E. Jackson and his little clique o.
supporters April 7 in the 16tf
Ward meeting in New Orleans tx
elect district delegates. The vote
was so to 81 for Eisenhower dele.
gates. The 81 attempted to break
up the meeting and later held
meeting of their own. which they
attempted to certify as a lega
meeting. The same night. in th'
10th Ward meeting, 38 Eisenhower
supporters were present. Six o.
seven Jackson Taft supporter
sneaked off and claimed to have
held a meeting. When and where
nobody knows.
six Broke Up Meeting
Saturday, in the Baton Roug'
Parish meeting, six willful mer
broke up the meeting, where the.
were outvoted 26 to 6.
This is not the first time tn
Jackson faction has lost an elec
ton, then attempted to nullify i
through control of party machin
cry. Courts forced recognition
when we were successful in tn
January primary in II of IL con
tested seats on the State Contra
(Republican) Committee. and l
out of 20 on the parish committee
Courts can protect politica
rights in such an election, but il
choosing convention delegates w
must rely on the National Com
Imittee, the National Convention
and public opinion. Public opln-
Evening star., 1952-04-10
BY the Assoeioted Press

TOPEKA. Kans.. April 10
Kansas Republicans today elect 10
delegates-at-large to the national
G. o. P. convention, with Gen
Eisenhower virtually assured the
backing of all but one.
OF 10 persons recommended for
the jobs in earlier meetings, nine
are Eisenhower supporters and
one is for Senator Taft of Ohio
All except the Taft man are
scheduled to get routine approval
at today's State convention. The
Eisenhower forces, who will be ir
full control, planned to challenge
the Taft delegate.
District conventions alread!
have elected IL delegates-1O fol
Gen. Eisenhower and two TO
Senator Taft.
Including nine delegates from
Evening star., 1952-04-10
Requirements Listed
For Voting in D. c.
Republican Primary

You may vote in the Re-
publican primary here next
month if:
/. You have been a District
resident for at least one year.
2. You are over 81.
8. You are a Republican.
4. You don't have or claim
voting privileges in any State.
S. You register between
April "a and 80 at 1900 H
street NV, or with your elec-
ton district chairman.
6. You watch for notices OF
your district meeting and go
to it.
Evening star., 1952-04-10
9 9of7OKonsosG G.O.P.D Delegates
AreHeIdAssuredfor Eisenhower

Itoday's meeting, the Genera
would have the support of Is
of his home States % national
convention delegates.
If his hackers have their way
at the State convention, he will
pick up the 10th delegate-at-
large also. The Eisenhower lead
ers planned to challenge the
sixth district Taft recommends
tion on the grounds it was won
illegally through the seating of a
rump delegation in a district
meeting.
Evening star., 1952-04-10
Romuniun Vote Deferred

VIENNA, Austria, April 10 P).
The Romanian Press Service
said yesterday Romanian national
elections have been postponed for
six months. Deputy Premier
Gheorghe Gheorgiu-dej told the
Bucharest Parliament that elec-
tions at the present time would
seriously handicap the agricul-
Itural program.
Evening star., 1952-04-10

member. who recently joined the
Eisenhower ranks. The prominent
Negro jurist repeated the plea
for denying district chairmen the
right to register voters and fo1
more registration places.
of the United States"
The vote that followed ignored
these demands. but the Eisenhow-
er faction still seemed happy with
the result. Club President Robert
E. Mclaughlin told reporters, 81
feel we've made some gains" He
posed for photographers shaking
hands with Chairman McGar-
raghy. y