davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Lowell MeUett:

Following the election of a
great soldier named Grant to
the presidency, private ex-
ploiters of the public domain
came into their own. In the
words of the historian Binkley.
"the stock-raisers appropriated
the prairies, the lumber kings
the forests. and the gold, silver,
iron. copper, coal and petroleum
barons the mineral sites, with
scarce a thought in anybody's
mind of a special privilege"
All of this was no particular
reflection on Grant. His think
ing concerning such matters was
in tune with his time. .Ameri-
cans gave their admiration to
the bold enterprisers. Wealth
was the common goal and men
who achieved it were not ques-
toned too closely as to how. The
country thrilled to the engineer
ing feat that connected the two
coasts by railroad and was not
overly upset by revelations of
the corruption that accompanied
it. the looting of our natural
resources and the stock -jobbing
frauds, running into figures that
would be considered large even
today. This state Of mind,
despite occasional prophets of
disaster, was dominant for
more than a generation.
A Republican President named
Roosevelt brought the country
up sharply with a crusade for
conservation. His work, undone
to some extent by his immediate
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Doris FIeeson:

Gen. Eisenhower is not getting
much good news these crowded
days.
At the White House, Presi-
dent Truman gave the Presi-
dent-elect a pessimistic report
of the world situation. Most of
the talking was done by Secre-
tary of State Acheson. The
Secretary is a controversial fig
ure. but he is an excellent lawyer
who presents his case impress
sively.
His presentation reflected diff
ficulties already much in the
news: Korea, the Middle East
and Iranian oil, the NATO set
backs which there is no Longer
any inclination to minimize.
The general was described as
a good listener. In fact, there
was said to be very little cross
questioning in the group. All
those present have a rather long
acquaintance with the entire
situation.
There is some opinion among
the press that the general
showed temper at the conclu-
sion of the talks. One source
suggests that the grimness was
over arrangements, not over any
treatment he had received here.
It could be that Mr.. Truman
did not altogether conceal his
present mood with respect to his
successor. He has told friends
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Britain Is Divided on Korea
British sootionists Fail to Realize That Korean War
Is Not Related to Any Single Area but Is GoboI

In that election II years ago
he was given his majority and
his chance. and history can
judge the default. 1t is a de-
fault that has lasting lesson
as Mr.. Baldwin himself knew
for all leaders of democracies.
1T is perilous indeed to make
the guilty men of the thirties
Scapegoats for defects IN the
nation which, with the shock
OF war passed, have by no means
gone. More than once since the
war, in the life-and-death mat
tiers of national economics, has
something very like the scenes
of the thirties been re-enacted
the resolve reluctantly taken
by ministers to press on with
hard and harsh measures to
regain national solvency an0
then that resolve weakened and
dissipated by distaste of un-
popularity and public complaint.
The warning is for today"
No better description of the
Wavering policies of Great Brit
ain today could be written. 1t
will be asked why, with Prime
Minister Churchill at the helm,
the British are shrinking from
the tasks of collective security.
The answer is that the Labor
Party has almost equal strength
in Great Britain with the Con-
servatives. The majority held
by Mr.. Churchill is narrow,
while inside the Labor Party is
a pacifist and strongly isola-
zionist group led by Aneurin
Bevan which is also anti-Ameri-
can.
Sensing the divisions and dis
sensions inside Great Britain,
Stain has sent Gromyko, one of
his ablest hatchet men. to Lon
don as ambassador.
The British themselves are
not alert TO the danger because
today they speak of the far-off
Korean war in very much the
same terms as they used to talk
about Czechoslovakia. The mere
announcement that Gen. Eisen-
hover would go to Korea
brought caustic comments from
the British press-undoubtedly
a reflection of how some of the
leaders in Great Britain feel
today. They are apprehensive
lest American money and man
power be used in the Far East
which they think should be used
in Europe. Yet they fail to real
ize that the Korean problem is
not related to any single area,
but is global in nature.
Evening star., 1952-11-20

questions between the two peo-
pies. including the Saar. in the
properly understood interests of
both" 1t should be noted that
the French government is en-
gagged in a drive to annex the
Saar area. This constitutes the
most serious conflict between
Bonn and Paris and is likely to
destroy the Paris pact intended
to strengthen the NATO by IL
German divisions. It also may
cause the fall of the democratic
government headed by Chancel-
lor Adenauer.
The Importance of these ad-
vances. the first to appear so
suddenly in the East German
papers, lies in the unquestion-
able fact that they follow a pat
tern set by the Kremlin. No
publication in the U. S. S. r. or
the satellite countries prints
such momentous utterances
without direct orders from the
Soviet foreign Office.
Those who for some months
have been following the clan
destine Irritation between Mos
COW and important elements in
France are convinced that these
editorials are no longer trial
balloons. but the activation of
policy which the Muscovite
dictators have set as an i'm
mediate target: the weaving OF
France from the North Atlantic
pact organization. The timing
appears excellent. The Pinay
government is fighting for its
life; French public opinion is
angry at America because of our
attitude in the United Nations
regarding Morocco's and Tu-
nisia's demands for complete
home rule.
Evening star., 1952-11-20

in Eastern Germany, started
their open Irritation with the
former French foe. The theme
was offered by no less a person
than the puppet president of
Eastern Germany, Wilhelm
PECK. who stated that "a new
departure in German French re-
lations has finally closed a sad
and Sangulnary epoch in the his
tory OF our two nations" OFF,
cially. France recognizes only the
government of Western Ger
many.
The strictly controlled East
German press took up the theme
and proceeded to sing hosan-
nahS of the millennium about to
start. The Tribuene, a news
paper published in the Soviet
sector of Berlin, commented
that the momentous improve
ment was due not to the reac-
tionary government of Messrs.
Pinay and Schuman but to the
bold struggle" of the masses of
workers in France who are
against the Schuman plan and
react SO bravely against the
Americans who want to make
France into Yankee pro-
tectorate.
The Morgen Zeitung, another
puppet paper, states solemnly
that "the so-called European
Community is now met by the
true community of the German
and French peoples based on the
identity of their interests and
aims" The editorial. which like
others is directly dictated from
Moscow, adds that "this COM
munity, in addition to waging
a common struggle against the
American warmongers. is ami
mated by the unshakable de-
termination to resolve all open
Evening star., 1952-11-20

cops. In war, those who win
write their own law and ap-
point their own cops.
The prior commitment taken
among nations is limited by the
unanimous vote of the Security
Council in which sit the great
powers. There isn't any law like
the laws of state defining
murder, larceny, etc, nor any
comparable procedures. Police
don't write laws or set penalties.
They only bring the presumed
culprits into court where
judgment is decreed by an i'm
partial judge and jury.
But the Security Council,
which alone has the power to
call out the police, is not impair
tial nor de facto subject to any
law. It's members are delegates
of states, each great power hav-
ing a veto. No great power.
therefore. can ever be found
guilty of aggression because the
vote of the accused is required
for the verdict. Therefore, the
U. N. can punish only such ag-
gression or threats to the peace
as are unanimously so declared
to be by the great powers and
are committed by states having
no veto.
The United States and the
U. S. S. r. could unanimously
declare that a police action TAX
en- by the Netherlands against
the rebellious Indonesians was a
threat to the peace and compel
the Dutch to leave Indonesia, be-
cause the Dutch had no power
full friend in court. But the
Security Council could not de-
clare that the Soviet blockade of
Berlin, or the unilateral fixing of
Germany's eastern frontiers. or
the coup in Czechoslovakia, or
conversely-the American deci-
sion to rearm West Germany
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Russia Has Designs on France
MOSCOW Woos Paris by Use Of Satellite Editorial Poges
9eeks to Weon French From NATO On Germon Issue
Constantine Brown:

The men in the Kremlin are
using proxies not only to wage
war-as in Korea-but also in
their international flirtations.
For the last few months there
has been a clandestine Irritation
between Moscow and Paris. A
number of French officials and a
large segment Of the population
have been saying recently that
France could not regard the
U. S. S. r. as an enemy because
the two countries have one
major interest in common: Fear
of the revival of the power of
Germany, which has ravaged
France and Russia twice since
1914 Hence both must act to-
gether to prevent a resurgence
of German military power and
must divide the 81 million Ger
mans even more than at present.
This argument is not heard in
Moscow because nobody speaks
but authoritative voices from
the Kremlin. and then very
rarely. But Soviet diplomats
know when and how to make the
right gesture. Thus, soon after
the new French Ambassador to
Moscow presented his creden-
tialS, he was received in a
private audience of more than
two hours by Marshal Stain.
This created a justified sensa-
ton. since he was the only am
bassador from outside the Iron
Curtain to enjoy such a gesture
Of friendship from the Red die
tator in six years. The conversa-
tion apparently was so inter-
esting that for security reasons
he reported it orally to his
Superiors in Paris.
Last week MoScow's proxy for
Western Europe, the newspapers
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Lowell MeIett:
Public Domain in Danqer AqQin
Private Interests, Convinced by Their Own Propogondo
Hope for Return of Good Old Days as Election Result

successor, was picked up and
carried further by President
Wilson. Wilson's work in turn
came near being undone by his
successor. but exposure in due
time called a halt on the eX-
ploiters. We had the great Tea
pot Dome and Elk Hills scam
dals, which might scarcely have
been scandals in the earlier
days. A Secretary of the In
terror went to prison. The
national conscience was aroused,
together with some understand
ing of what the Nations natural
resources meant or could be
made to mean to the Nation.
When another Roosevelt became
President he was able to turn a
great river valley to, the uses
not only Of the people residing
in it but of all the American
people. iva became a symbol of
applied popular intelligence, one
that drew and held the admira-
tion of the whole world. 1t was
thought to have set a pattern
for the future on this continent.
s But it hasn't: Every similar
project has been fought. some
to a standstill, despite the un-
varying demonstration of sue
cess by those completed, such as
Grand Coulee, Bonneville and
Others. Private interests have
coupled all such projects with
socialism. even with commu-
nism, the thing Americans hate
most BY an unceasing cam
paign of propaganda, greatly
stepped up in the past year or
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Doris Fleeson
Bad News for President-e|ect
Big-ScoIe Problems Persist and Hints of New Ones
Are FiItering in These Pre-nuuguro Days

written questions, any compari-
son must be with Mr.. Hoover
Mention of this rather clouds
the eye of an Eisenhower staffer
Meanwhile, a personal friend
of the general. that old Wash
ington hand, George E. Allen
has held wet finger up to the
Capitol Hill wind and is pre-
dieting storms. Mr.. Allen has
expressed the opinion that the
November 4 victory did not
ameliorate the Dewey-Taft feud
and 1t will give the general
trouble.
His conciliation department
has been put by Gen. Eisen-
hover in charge of two men he
deeply trusts: Gov. Sherman
Adams of New Hampshire and
Herbert Brownell of New York.
Mr.. BroWnell, a veteran of Gov.
DeWey's campaigns, managed
the back-room operations at
Chicago last July, but then re-
tired into the background. Ac-
tually, he was still very much
in the generals confidence. He
has now openly returned to the
Commodore Hotel headquarters
in New York to put his political
savvy and old acquaintance with
the G.. o. P. personalities at
Eisenhower's service.
Cancellation and more con-
ciliation wherever possible is the
Adams-BroWnell rule.
CReleased by the Bell Syndicate. Inc.l
Evening star., 1952-11-20

that that fellow" knows the
military and won't get us into
war when he knows all the facts.
But, added the President, he's
gong to listen to Taft and
those fellows" in the Senate and
get us into another Republican
depression"
BY sheer coincidence, Dewey
financial adviser, Elliott Bell.
now editor of Business Week, in
a speech to bankers this week.
forecast a recession in 1854
about the Eisenhower mid-term.
Mr.. Bell was slated for Secretary
of the Treasury in a Dewey ad-
ministration before the heavens
fell in 1948.
That could be more of the bad
news that the general is hear
ing. It was not mentioned in
the White House conference,
which was chiefly confined to
international problems.
Reporters are beginning to
speculate a little about what
they variously call the generals
loneliness. temper or impulsive-
ness. The grapevine is already
saying that some Eisenhower
advisers, fearing incidents when
reporters press him for answers
on matters he is unsure of or
bothered by, are suggesting the
old written-question technique
for press conferences.
Since neither Mr.. Roosevelt
nor Mr.. Truman resorted to
Evening star., 1952-11-20

Perhaps the most discourag-
ing phase of the matter is the
assumption that the Korean
war can be won only by putting
more allied manpower into it, or
by fighting on an "all-out basis" "
The British, who usually have
been ingenious in world di-
plomacy, are singularly unable
today to see that the most i'm
portant weapon that is needed
in order to win the Korean
war is a united front among the
allies, and to make those
countermoves which are neces-
sary in order to win the cold
war.
This means a stricter eco
nomic blockade of Russia and
her satellites, a stepped-up
Observation-Disclosures program,
and pressure upon Communist
China through naval inspec-
tion system which will prevent
supplies from reaching the Chi
nese mainland through any
merchant ships irrespective of
nationality.
In addition, the British have
never yielded on the subject of
allowing Chang Kai-shek and
his Chinese Nationalists to
fight their way back to power
in China. While nobody in
Washington feels that any
American troops should be used
on the mainland of China,
there is a growing feeling here
that, if the Chinese National
lists want to fight to regain
their liberties, the United States
Navy should not be interposed
between Formosa and China to
prevent them from doing so.
There are many moves that
can be made to bring about a
successful ending of the Korean
war. but not one of them can
be successful if pacifism or the
Stanley Baldwin type of reluc-
tance dominates British coun-
ellis.
The British have a habit of
condemning American isola-
tionism, little realizing that
British isolationism may be at
the bottom of most of the diff
culties in the world today.
Clearly, a meeting between
Prime Minister Churchill and
Gen. Eisenhower after the latter
has visited Korea would be a
milestone on the road to Brit
ish-American solidarity in world
policy.
Reproduction Rights ReservedJ
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

The stock market booms Wall straight
from Eisenhower headquarr-o depesson scheduled before
the Inauguration.
The Agriculture Department investigates racket in inter-
national wheat This
there's longer in Washingon-theyye
worldwide.
Senator Taft and Speaker present Eisenhower
the 1858 legislative program It's expected through without
hitch-aong with rider blaming it all on the Democrats
The Government outlaws price ceilings
You tell this dying administration
hang for the national interest would the price ceilings
and outlaw the hats
Congressman Taber the President Tru-
budget has SIS billion Republicans course
will provide the lean years.
President Truman his first conference
months Harry feels he the Nation hard
that the campaigns he afford backdae
The Senate Elections Committee can't because Senator
Mononey Europe This step-usualy
mttee membership present before bog down
Evening star., 1952-11-20
David LoWrence:

ing the recent presidential
campaign, when it was an
nounced that Gen. Eisenhower
would visit Korea, the spokes-
men for the Democratic Party
declared that the answer to the
problem in the Far East was not
to be found in Korea but in
Moscow. 1t is beginning to ap-
pear that the answer may also
be found in London and Wash
ington.
The realistic truth is that the
allies are divided. They do not
see eye to eye on the Far East
ern problem. Russia knows this
and is alert enough to take ad-
vantage of the dissension among
the countries supposedly allied
in Korea.
The big question before the
world is whether British isola-
tionism. such as arose under
Prime Minister Baldwin, and
unwittingly helped to bring on
World War II, will once more
contribute factors that can leave
the allies helpless against the
threat of World War III.
1t is just II years ago this
month that Great Britain voted
in the last election held there
before the outbreak of World
War II when the Conservative
Party won with majority of
about $50 seats in the House of
Commons and Stanley Baldwin
became Prime Minister.
1t so happens that a few days
ago a reviewer in the London
Times. discussing a recently
published biography of Stanley
Baldwin, written by G. M.
Young, gives a significant anal
ysis of what was happening
in those prewar years. He
refers to parallel in what is
happening today.
The London Times reviewer
says in part:
WAR is a dreadful thing
Here was the handspring of Mr..
Baldwin the peoples and
the parties s'-reluctance in those
years. It was condemned by
Mr.. Churchill in 1882, when Mr..
Baldwin had forecast that the
next war would wipe out Euro
pean civilization, as 'fatalism
and helplessness.'
Mr.. Baldwin was too much
the mirror of his countrymen:
no doubt in this case, an indict-,
ment can be drawn against a
nation. Yet. in the end. the re-
sponsibility was his, not theirs.
Evening star., 1952-11-20

two. the private interests appear
to have convinced themselves If
not the American people. They
are looking for immediate re-
suits now that another great
soldier, presumably innocent in
matters of this kind, is to be
President.
Reactionaries, like the radi-
calls. have their frenetic fringe.
From this fringe there has now
come the bald suggestion that
not only should public-power de-
velopment cease, but that exist
ing projects should be turned
over to private interests. Even
IVA has been named in that
connection. They would sell this
idea to Gen. Eisenhower as "the
American way"
They won't succeed with any,
thing as raw as delivery of IVA.
Of course. Whatever he may not
know concerning the public
power issue. the general knows
that he would not have had
the war materiel with which he
defeated Germany had there
been no iva. Or for that mat
ter, if there had been no great
public-poWer development in the
Northwest.
But new projects are some
thing else. Where we go from
here will depend on how Gen.
Eisenhower comes to see the pic
ture when he takes over re-
sponsibility for the Nations re-
sources. Judging by his speeches,
he did not see it too clearly dur
ing the period of his campaign.
Evening star., 1952-11-20
Dorothy Thompson:

Greatly as we esteem the
New Yorker. we grieve at some
of it's illusions regarding the
function of the United Nations.
The Talk of the Town mo
vember 81 attacks the Repub-
licans for declaring that the
Democrats had the "effrontery'
to call the Korean war police
action" The phrase police ac-
ton" it comments. was used
as a mark of national shame.
=. If we are to deny the idea
of police in this age, we'd bet
ter turn the world over to men
of isolationiSt mold. Nobody
knows whether the Korean ac-
ton will emerge as a successful
police action but Korea -.
stands as an attempt to honor
a prior commitment among ma
tions; that is the United Ma
tlonS Charter agreement about
armed aggression"
We wouldn't call it an ef-
frontery to describe the Korean
war as a police action. but we
do think it dangerously con-
fusing to equate police action.
taken in support of the laws of
a state against an individual or
a gang. with armed action taken
by one state against another.
The first is police action. The
second is war, under whatever
name it is waged.
A single police action needn't
emerge as successful in order
that the law should, in general,
be upheld. The cops don't always
get their man. Yet the weight
Of power always remains on the
side OF the law and the cops.
But an armed action taken by
one state against another is
either successful, or it is a lost
or stalemated war, demonstrat-
ing that the weight is not on
the side Of the law and the
Evening star., 1952-11-20
DorothY Thon1pson:
Police Action Differs From War
Action in Korea Was Not Taken to Punish Aggression
But to Keep It From Becoming Soviet-Chinese Bose

and Japan were threats to the
peace because in each case a
great power was sitting in judg-
ment on its own case.
In the Korean case the
Security Council could call the
cops-though most of the callers
produced none-only because
the Soviets had mysteriously
absented themselves from the
critical session, afterwards de-
claring that its decisions were
illegal for lack of a quorum.
But we think the action in
Korea was not taken to punish
aggression. We think, indeed,
that if South Korea had fired
the first shot for the unifica-
ton of Korea, the United States
would not have declared her an
aggressor. We think we are in
there to prevent South Korea
from becoming a military base
for a Soviet-Chinese alliance
from which Japan, under Amer
lean protection, would perpet-
ually be menaced, and with ia
pan. the whole Pacific defense
system.
And we suspect that the Chi
nese intervened less for ideologi-
cal reasons than to prevent
North Korea from becoming a
military base for an armed mill
tary alliance that could perpet-
ually menace China on a vulner-
able frontier, as has been the
case before.
The result is two police ac-
tionS, i.e.. a war, which could
only be resolved in the interest
of collective security if a means
were found to remove Korea as
a potential menace to anybody.
But such a prosaic solution
would not satisfy those who
think the world must be policed
against sin, until the millennium.
released By The Bell Syndicate. Incl