davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-02-03

watched closely for evidence Of how
far the House is ready TO go in avoid
ing either more taxes or q higher
debt ceiling.
Principle VS.. Practice
Most lawmakers applaud the prin-
ciple Of balancing the budget. The
hitch comes when they have to put
their fingers on the places to be cut.
Members from the farm belt can't be
expected to enthuse over cutting
Agriculture Department funds. West
ern members feel the same about
irrigation and reclamation, and If a
rambunctiouS river flows through a
members district, occasionally food
ing Main street. he is bound to be
for food control.
The trouble with the current
budget picture-from the econo-
MIXERS point of VIEWS that the
bulk Of the Governments mounting
outlay is for defense at home and
abroad. The normal items for Agri-
culture. Interior and other domestic
agencies comprise only a small part
of the total.
The current budget is $70.9 billion.
with major national security pro-
grams taking nearly $50 billion, or
roughly 10 per cent of the total.
But the Presidents budget for fiscal
1858, calls for nearly $62 billion for
direct and indirect national security
IL - A
billion total.
Some members. including Senator
Douglas, believe defense estimates
Evening star., 1952-02-03

good on congressman's voting rec
ord this fall.
Cuts Hard to Nail Down
These reasons make the alterna-
tive, cutting expenses, more attrac-
tive in 1852 than in other recent
years. In this period of rapid de-
tense buildup it is hard to nail down
the exact amount of savings Con-
gress may have effected last year or
the year before. Sometimes cuts are
made in regular annual supply bill
for this or that department, only to
be restored few months later in a
deficiency bill. Again. some of the
savings made last year by scattered
cuts in appropriations were offset by
-of-living pay increases.
The first major bill passed by the
House at this session was a 10 per
cent pay increase for the armed
services. This was anticipated in the
Presidents budget as a necessary
follow-up to the civilian pay in
creases. In full year of operation,
this bill would add 1882 million to
the defense budget, or about 5000
million for the balance of this year
If it becomes law in March.
The Senate may scale the pay bill
down by providing smaller per-
GENTLE increases for high-ranking
officers. But this will not greatly
affect the cost of the measure.
Although the session is less than
a month old, predictions of budget
cutting have broken out like rash
in and out of Congress. Senator
Evening star., 1952-02-03

Before Turkey and Greece are for
mally admitted into the alliance, their
own parliaments must pass on the
proposal. But this also is considered
a mere formality. Both countries
have been anxious to get into NATO
since it was organized. In admitting
them, the IL NATO members pledge
themselves to go to the aid of Greece
or Turkey if either is attacked. and
in return the present NATO powers
get the promise of assistance if they
are attacked.
These two nominees for NATo
partnership come highly recon-
mended. Both have fought deter
mined battles to remain free.
In the early postwar years Greece
survived a three-year civil war.
in which Communist : supported
guerrillas threatened democratic
forces supported by the Western
world. Turkey. at the same time, was
Evening star., 1952-02-03

can be cut along with the others
without reducing fire power. The
Illinois Senator, who once said you
don't have to be able to be wastrel
to be q liberal, believes WastefulneSs
is present In the military setup, even
though Its presence may not be
obvious.
Foreign aid, especially the part
marked economic" is sure to be o
target In the economy drive in this
election year.
Delivery Dote Neors
The big jump in spending. from
$7l billion to 1854 billion, is due to
the fact that next year will see
delivery of military equipment.
ordered last year and the year be-
fore, at its peak. The equipment
will have to be paid for when de-
livered. This means that Of the
1854 billion to be spent In 1853,
nearly $40 billion will be out Of money
appropriated in the past. Actually
only $43.5 billion of Mr.. Truman's
new budget would be obligated in
1858.
Another factor that may make this
session of Congress more economy
minded was the statement of PreSi-
dent Truman in his budget message
that spending will continue at high
level through fiscal 1854. The Presi-
dent held out hope for smaller
budget after 1854, but only II new
international tensions do not develop.
and If no further aggressions are at
tempted.
Evening star., 1952-02-03

10 to 80 Of the New York delegates.
come convention time.
When and how Gen.. Eisenhower
will return to this country and get
his views before the Republicans
continues to remain mystery.
He has finally declined an invita-
ton to deliver political address
on NATO in Philadelphia on March
4, in the forum conducted by the
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, which
he originally tentatively accepted.
The entry of Mr.. Stassen in the
New Hampshire presidential prefer
ence primary gives him q total Of
seven such tests on his program.
Among the most important Of these
will be his race against Senator Taft
for the Wisconsin delegates to the
Republican National Convention.
His campaign managers, who have
entered o complete slate Of delegates
in that State, report they have been
greatly encouraged by surveys they
have conducted there. Although Sen
ator Taft has the backing of Tom
Coleman, veteran Republican leader.
and other highly placed Republicans.
the Stassen supporters say they will
elect a majority Of the States dele.
gates. In 1948 they won all except
seven Of the States delegates, run
ming against Gov. Dewey, and the
seven he did not win were supporters
of Gen. Douglas Macarthur"
Admirers Never Die
The demand by many admirers
that Gen. Macarthur be kept in the
presidential picture has refused to
down, even though the general has
taken step after, step to keep himself
out Of the presidential preferential
primaries, making it clear he Is not
a candidate. His part in the pre-
convention campaign. if he takes any.
will be In support of Senator Taft.
His letter to his supporters in New
Hampshire declining to enter that
primary urged the nomination of an
experienced civilian blow at Els
enhower and boost for Taft.
Evening star., 1952-02-03
Campaign Week Featured Bold Senator, q c.

Presidential-year politics were
highlighted last week by two key
moves in New Hampshire, where the
country's first primaries will be held
March IL: Senator Robert A. Taft
of Ohio entered the Republican pri-
mary and President Truman with
drew from the Democratic primary.
Actually, four separate issues will
be voted on in New Hampshire. In
the two presidential preference pri-
marieS voters of the State will name
their choices for the G. o. P. and
Democratic nominations from among
the candidates who have permitted
their names to be entered. Results
of these primaries will be binding on
no one, only Informative.
At the same time, however. Repub-
licanS and Democrats in New Hamp-
shire will elect states Of delegates,
most of whom will have definite in
structions on how to vote at the
national conventions in Chicago next
July.
Reputation for BoIdness
The fortnight action Of Senator
Taft-which takes him into a pri
mary fight in State regarded as
strong Eisenhower territory-added
to the Ohioan's reputation for polit-
ical courage. Not only is he contest
ing for the preference vote against
Gen. Eisenhower and Harold E. StaS-
sen. but he is going along in the sep
arate campaign to elect slate of
delegates to the Republican National
Convention favorable to himself.
This brings Senator Taft in direct
opposition to Gen. Eisenhower for
New Hampshire's IA delegates. Mr..
Stassen has no delegate candidates
entered in New Hampshire. The
score, when the filings were closed.
showed % delegate candidates favor
able to Gen. Eisenhower, 10 delegates
candidates favorable to Senator Taft
and IL delegate candidates favorable
to Gen. Douglas Macarthur, who has
taken himself out Of the New Hamp-
shire primary.
President Truman's decision not to
Evening star., 1952-02-03

permit the use of his name in the
New Hampshire primary delays a
frank statement of his political plans
assuming that is all it does. 1t
could mean he is out of the race. But
the President was quick to say that
he could win the presidential nomina-
tion of his party without going into
any primaries; that the Democratic
National Convention, not the pri-
maries in the States. would pick the
nominee. His purpose was to
counteract an Interpretation that his
refusal to run in the primaries in
New Hampshire meant he was not
going to run again.
Senator Estes Kerauver of Ten
neSsee enters the New Hampshire
presidential preference primary
and with the withdrawal of Mr.. Tr1-
man, Kefauver's name is the only
one appearing on the Democratic
side of that primary contest. Mr..
Truman's action prevents a popu-
larity test between himself and the
Tennessean. When it comes to
delegate candidates, however, is
have entered the primary favorable
to Truman, four are pledged out
right to Senator Kefauver and two
more are favorable to him; one is
favorable to Gov. Adlai Stevenson
of Illinois, one favorS Mayor Benoit
of Manchester and three are un-
pledged.
Kefouver Stonds Alone
Senator Kefauver remains today
the only announced candidate. for
the Democratic presidential nominal
ton. His name has been entered
in Illinois. New Hampshire and
Massachusetts, and he has given
notice he will enter in many other
State primaries. He plans to run for
the nomination whether President
Truman is actually (secretly or
openly a candidate for renomina-
tion or not.
The week recorded advances in the
stock of Gov. Stevenson of Illinois
and of Senator Robert S. Kerr Of
Oklahoma, who may be candidates
Evening star., 1952-02-03

assistance for Turkey. Specific
recommendations for next fiscal year
have not yet been made by the Presi-
dent.
A glance at map shows the
strategic Importance OF the two
countries to the defense of the free
world. Turkey lies across the his
torically strategic Dardanelles Straits,
which command Russias southern
access to the outside world by sea.
Eastern Turkey also f1anks the land
route from Russia to the Middle
East's oil fields and the Suez. Greece
shuts OF Russia from an overland
bypass Of the Dardanelles through
Bulgaria, Soviet satellite.
Southeastern Flank
Equally important, the two nations
add 4 southeastern flank to Gen.
Eisenhower's NATO army, which now
extends only to the Central Mediter-
ranean.
The Senate Foreign Relations
Committee listed these additional
compelling reasons" for inviting
Greece and Turkey into NATO: |.
Protection OF their territory win serve
to insure the benefits which United
States economic and military aid has
brought them. 2. Both nations de-
serve admittance because they have
strengthened their democratic In
stitutions and have actively coop
Grated with the West for many years.
8, They are devoted to the cause Of
peace and collective security.
The NATO expansion has no direct
connection with the Middle East
command which Britain. France. the
United States and Turkey have asked
Egypt to join. Defense Of the Middle
East would be strengthened, Of course,
in that q Soviet thrust at Turkey
or Greece would Immediately be OPP
posed by the entire NATO organiza-
ton. But the added strength gained
by the Middle Eastern countries
would be only q by-product. not q
primary aim, Of NATO's expansion
to q l4-nation alliance. The real
object Of that expansion IS TO
strengthen e Atlantic community.
Evening star., 1952-02-03

Bridges of New Hampshire, ranking
Republican on the Appropriations
Committee, has called for slash Of
$5 to Sc billion from the Presidents
1854 billion total. Senator Douglas,
Democrat, OF Illinois, has tried for
several years to make selective cuts,
where he thinks the least harm would
be done. This year. he says. the
reduction could be 81 billion. The
president of the United States
Chamber of Commerce, D. A. Hulcy.
urges that 1858 budget be held
within expected revenues. This
would mean a slash of $14.4 billion
-or about II per cent.
A Package Deal
Another idea to handle the dis
crepancy between income and outgo
was suggested by Democratic Sem
ators Moody Of Michigan and Mon
roney of Oklahoma-but turned
down by the President.
Before. the budget came out, the
Senators asked Mr.. Truman to con-
slider five-year package deaT on
taxes. Pointing out that the bulk Of
defense spending will be done in the
next two years, they said that if taxes
remain at their present level for five
years, the surplus of the last three
years Of that period would balance
the deficit of the first two.
Thus far. all work on the budget
has been behind the closed doors of
House subcommittee When, in the
near future, the first money bill
reaches the House floor, it will be
Evening star., 1952-02-03

didate for the Republican presiden-
tial nomination, has said he may
enter the Wisconsin and Oregon pri-
maries. seeking delegates to the Re-
publican National Convention.
Ike in Konsos
Eisenhower supporters in Kansas,
challenged by the Taft managers,
among them John D. M. Hamilton,
who formerly lived in Kansas and
was Republican national chairman,
apparently have the situation well
in hand in the generals home State.
At meeting of the Republican
State Central Committee the Eisen-
hover forces selected four delegates
at large to the Republican National
Convention. all favorable to their
man. The vote was Sc to 46. Point
ing out that the membership of the
committee totals 21O, the Eisenhower
managers say they could have made
much more impressive showing in
the Kansas vote had they desired.
The Republican State convention is
expected to ratify the choice Of the
delegates at large when it meets.
Also. the Eisenhower managers ex-
pect to elect large majority Of the
district delegates, so that in the ma
tional convention they will be able
to vote the delegation as q whole.
The Taft opposition, however, plans
to continue its struggle in Kansas.
In New York where Eisenhower is
backed by the Dewey organization
and the Governor himself, the Taft
camp has apparently already picked
up at least eight national convention
delegates. out of the total of So which
the Empire State is allotted. Frank
j. Kenna. Queens County Republican
leader, announced his organizations
candidates for delegates last Tuesday
and all eight Of them, including Mr..
Kenna, favor Senator Taft. The
Dewey organization. it is reported,
has no intention of contesting Mr..
Kenna's delegate selections in the
April primaries. The Taft managers
have claimed they will have from
Evening star., 1952-02-03

on defense. Both have compulsory
military service. Turkey says she
has an army of 100000, with an
active reserve of about million.
Greece has 10 divisions under arms,
approximately 100000 men in its
army, navy, airforce and gen.
darmerie. In addition. Greece has a
large reserve. trained in its recent
civil war.
+. These armies are relatively well
equipped and well trained, thanks in
some measure to foresighted Amer
lean aid inaugurated under the Tru-
man doctrine in 1947 Military and
economic postwar aid already ap-
propriated by Congress for Greece
and Turkey totals $2.75 billion. Au-
thorizations for the current fiscal
year include 1896. $50 900 for military
aid to the two countries, $l82 mil
lion in economic aid for Greece and
an undetermined amount Of economic
Evening star., 1952-02-03
By Gould Lincoln

for the Democratic presidential nom
ination in the event Mr.. Truman does
not run. The proposal that Gov.
Stevenson become the party candi-
date has met with favorable response,
particularly among Democratic lead
erS in the States of the Midwest.
Senator Kerr is being boosted by
Kerr-for-PreSident clubs in his own
State and in several others. He says
he is not candidate but adds he is
not running away from nomination.
Stevenson's Role
Gov. Stevenson continued to insist
during the last week that he is a
candidate only for reelection to his
present Office. He indicated, how
ever, that if the President is not to
run and the party should turn to
him, he would accept. A modest man,
Gov. Stevenson is not putting forth
any claims to such prominence.
While he has given his State q good
administration and is personally
highly regarded, his Republican op-
ponents already are raising issues
against him. These include the prob
lem of mine safety, the current
horsemeat scandals involving some Of
the State food inspectors, the Cicero
race riots Of last year, the loss Of
State revenue from recently uncov-
cred cigarette stamp tax frauds and
corruption in the Chicago police.
The pressure OF Democratic lead
ers to get final assurance from Presi-
dent Truman that he will be can
didate increases day by day. Some
of them are hopeful the President
will declare his intentions by March
20, the date of the jefferson Jackson
day dinner in Washington. Others
are giving heed to the Presidents
half promise to say something be-
fore the closing date of the filings
for the Missouri primaries, April 20.
Activity in the Eisenhower. Taft
and Stassen camps has been on the
increase-and Gov. Warren of Cali
fornia, the fourth announced can
Evening star., 1952-02-03
Congress Sharpening the Ak for Mr. Trumons Budget
By J. A. oLeory

Economy In Government is like
the weather. Everyone talks about
1t, but few have. been able to do
much about 1t.
This year things may be. different.
Several factors are combining to
make budget cutting a popular
cause in 1852.
The entire House and more than
q third Of the Senate are up for re-
election this year. At such q time,
no member of Congress relishes the
thought of voting for another tax
increase on top Of three boosts aggre-
eating SIG billion since the Korean
war began.
Nevertheless the current fiscal
year will end June 80 with a deficit
of $8.2 billion. And. if Congress
approves the 1854 billion budget
asked by President Truman for the
year starting July /. and doesn't
raise taxes, the Government will
finish fiscal 1858 with q deficit Of
$14.4 billion.
Up to now, when Congress appro-
priated more than it levied in taxes.
the Government could close the gap
by borrowing.
Debt Limit Near
But at this session it will not be
that simple. There is a legal limit
of $275 billion on the public debt,
which stood last week just short Of
$3.50 billion. Deficits anticipated for
this year and next would run the
debt up to that ceiling by June 80,
1858.
This means the current session
must do one Of three things: Raise
taxes again, pass law lifting the
debt ceiling or cut the budget.
The men who have most to do with
taxes have made it clear they are
not in the mood to raise the rates
on individuals or corporations. The
President has asked for about $4.3
billion in additional taxes-the
amount by which Congress failed to
meet his tax recommendation last
year-but he has little chance Of
getting it.
The most the administration can
hope for is an effort to close some
tax loopholes by repeating special
business concessions. But this would
make only small dent in the i'm
pending deficit. Both tax boost
and closing Of loopholes have their
political disadvantages.
There probably would be less po-
Itical danger in letting the debt ex-
ceed the present $275 billion ceiling
but even that would not look too
Evening star., 1952-02-03
NATO Club Is Preparing to Initiate Two New Members

Turkey and Greece apparently are
only few formalities away from full
partnership in the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization even though
United States approval of the idea
is being delayed briefly to give
couple of Senators an opportunity
to get their 2 cents worth in.
The Senate actually passed the
amendment to the NATO treaty by
Q vote of 60 last Tuesday. Ninety
Senators didn't vote, but no one de-
manded a quorum. so the measure
was sent on its way to the President
for signature.
Then few Senators woke up with
speeches in their pockets they hadn't
made. Late Thursday they persuaded
the Senate to reconsider the treaty
amendment, so President Truman
sent the document back to Capitol
Hill. The speeches are scheduled to
be made tomorrow, and since only
one Senator has even limited at hav-
ing any reservations about passage,
formal United States approval is
considered to be virtual certainty.
Hard UnderbelIy
Turkey and Greece once were con-
sidered part of the territory described
by Churchill as the soft underhelly
Of Europe, but they have hardened
under postwar Soviet pressure into
strong anti Communist countries
which should add moral, strategic
and military strength to Gen. Eisen-
hower'S NATO forces.
The United States viii be the sixth
, NATO country to approve the plan
for bringing them into the defensive
alliance. ParliamentS of the United
Kingdom, Canada, Iceland. Portugal
and Luxembourg already have passed
favorably on the idea, and the Legis-
latureS in the other six NATO
nations are not expected to upset the
commitments their diplomatic repre-
sentatives made at the NATO Council
meeting in Ottawa last September.
Still to pass finally on the defense
expansion scheme are the legisla-
lures of France. Belgium, the Meth
erlh hnds. Norway. Denmark and italy,
Evening star., 1952-02-03
Relief Rolls
Debote on Public's Right to See Them
IS as Old as History Of Social Work
BY Horriet Griffiths

The controversy about the secrecy
of relief roles, now raging IN the
District and Virginia as well as nu-
merous other States. has deep roots
in the history Of social work.
Those who think that the public
should not be allowed to know which
of its members are receiving public
assistance, like to cite as one OF the
early occupants Of their position
Queen Victoria'S great Liberal Prime
Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, who IS
supposed to have said that relief IS
a right, and not q charity or .
crime"
Disraeli did not say In so many
words that along with this right OF
relief goes the privilege Of exercising
it in secrecy. But since his time.
most social workers have felt that
the specific identity Of persons re-
ceiving social aid should be matter
of concern only to those responsible
for distributing 1t.
In this country, prior to the great
depression of the 1930s, relief was
local affair and local communities
could make their own decisions as to
whether the lists should be open or
closed. Over the years the ofhclal
reports of some towns and counties
have carried lists Of people for whom
relief money has been spent. Ola
Colonial town reports sometimes list
ed almsl1ouse inmates and people
receiving free groceries.
Sinister Reports in '38
Until the Federal Government en-
tered the relief picture. however. the
issue Of open or closed rolls did not
have to be faced formally. Even
when Uncle Sam did begin helping
local communities to take care OF
their needy, he left them free for
several years to make their own de-
cision on the secrecy question.
Then came the election Of 1888
and, with it, sinister reports OF po-
litical misuse Of the names OF relief
recipients. In one case. in Ohio, 1t
was learned that the rolls were being
used in the Governors Office as
mailing list for pleasant little let
ter to relief beneficiaries, urging
them to vote for the Governor and
get their friends to do likewise. AS
a result of this sort Of thing, the
social security law was amended the
next year so as to shut on the relief
rolls from the inspection Of any
one but the authorized social agencies
concerned.
lndiono Posed q Low
Things went along that way for
some IL years. Then. the 1851 Indi-
ana State Legislature passed a law
which-in the opinion of Federal Se-
curity Administrator Oscar r. Ewing
-confiicted with the ban on publiciz-
ing welfare roles. Mr.. Ewing promptly
chopped Indiana of from some $40
million a year in Federal aid which
had bolstered the States public
assistance payments.
In swift defense Of his constitu-
ents, up rose Indiana's junior Re-
publican Senator Jenner. Onto the
1851 tax bill, he tackled the key "Jen-
5 ner rider" - an amendment which
permits individual States. at their