davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-03-30

they reject the Western position.
or the degree to which they
accept 1t, will offer q significant
clue as to how much longer and
how intensiyely they are pre-
pared to carry on the whole
play.
On one point, that Of holding
to the so-called Potsdam frontier
between Germany and Poland,
the Russians may have alienated
German opinion. It was decided
at PotSdann to make "a tenn
porary agreement on frontiers
pending the final settlement"
A part Of this temporary agree
ment was that q portion Of
Eastern Germany be placed
under Polish administration
prior to the negotiation Of q
peace treaty. It is likely that a
truly free all German govern
ment would not be satisfied with
the present administrative bor-
der. The Big Three protected
itself, at least. on this issue by
pointing out the temporary
quality Of the Potsdam decisions.
Aimed at NATO
The Soviet stipulation that
Germany must not enter into
any military alliance Is q shot
against the NATO and European
army projects. This may fall
on receptive German ears. For
while it IS probably true that
q great body of intelligent
German opinion favors close
association with the West. 1T
has been traditional in German
thinking that they should first
Of all make themselves powerful
and then bargain either to the
east or the west. The Russians
probably would have the initial
advantage IN any such bargain-
ing, since their military strength,
superior to that q the West
~ - f
Evening star., 1952-03-30
PolIster Says People Are Liors

personally. isn't frightening but
some Of his views are.
After 10 years Of studying
markets and consumer tastes,
he's convinced most Of us are
slavish creatures OF imitation
and habit. BY q mysterious
process Of irrationality known
to humans. o man win frequent
ly taste something, announce
he dislikes it thoroughly. and
then quickly make q habit Of it.
"The greatest portion Of our
tastes" Mr.. Politz says. "is
learned, not innate: acquired,
not instructive. And the learned
taste frequently. sticks longer
than natural tastes.
by nature. most Of us don't
like the taste Of cigarettes. beer,
olives, whisky or coffee the first
time we try them. We learn to
like them. We're so anxious to
copy the next fellow we end up
adopting something, completely
useless.
$50 many Of our popular
tastes were accidental to begin
with. Suppose the first fellow
in history to smoke cigarettes
had taken up, say. licking stones
instead Of smoking. Today,
there might be millions Of peo-
pie licking stones every day."
Mr.. Politz doesn't smoke.
Doesn't lick stones. either.
ASSOCIATED Press.)
Evening star., 1952-03-30

United States, France and Brit
ain on March 10: That Ger
many be re-establiShed as q
unified state under conditions
laid down by the Big Four; that
steps be taken to expedite the
negotiation of a peace treaty
with the reunited nation; that
occupation forces withdraw
after such treaty is agreed upon;
that the new Germany be per-
mitted to have its own defense
forces Gland, sea and air); that
German industry be permitted
to manufacture arms for such
forces: that frontiers follow the
definitions Of the PotSdam
agreement: but that post-treaty
Germany be prohibited from en-
tering into .any kind Of coali-
ton or military alliance"
There Is much that is SUI
perficially persuasive about this
proposal. at least to. the German
people. Even the answer Of the
Big Three. drafted with fully
as much care as the Moscow
note, after consultation with
Chancellor Adenauer Of the
German Federal Republic and
representatives OF West Berlin,
does not by any means slay the
dragon Of Soviet enticement.
Strong Point
The strongest point In the Big
Three reply was the emphasis
on the necessity for free elec-
tions IL 8 German government
expressing the will Of the Ger
man people Is to be fashioned.
In the present circumstances Of
Communist control Of East
Germany it is clear that there
could be no free expression Of
the German viii. The Germans
know this. The Big Three has
been plugging for German unity
too. and some months ago sug-
Evening star., 1952-03-30
Economists See Steel Fight as Peril to WoqePce Controls

iastaIlments on July ! and Jam
uary ID Wage Board Chairman
Nathan r. Feinsinger. claims
the steelworkers would have
been entitled to an increase Of
- cents per hour under the
hroadest possible Interpretation
~ wage control regulations.
This would seem to indicate
that the wage rules are so fiex-
ihle Is TO be meaningless,
on the other hand, the Gov
ernment Is hard put to stretch
price regulations to q point that
would even come close to salts
tying the steel producers. In
fact. there s practically no
give" In them and the Govern
laent win have 10 adopt new
price rules to settle the price
dispute. This may wen lead to
some designations at the once
cf Price Stahilization including
that Of the new director. nils
ArnaH. who Il . stout defender
Of the present price line.
The industry claims that to
meet direct and indirect costs
Of the wage recommendations
they must have . price Increase
Of $i2 per ton Of steel. They
probably would settle for half
(direct costs only. or $6 .
ton,
Two Mechonisms Exist
There are two general pro-
visions for permitting price In
creases now. The first Is un-
der the much discussed Cape
hart amendment to the controls
law which allows producers
their full cost increases incurred
prior to last July. Under this
provision the steel companies
are entitled to an increase Of
slightly more than 50 per ton
and they win get it.
The other provision. which
Is Q standard set by the stabil-
izers and Is not In the law,
states that an industry is en-
titled to price relief only II its
earnings before taxes drop be-
low e5 per cent Of the average
for the three best years, 1896
1oA9. This Is the same standard
Evening star., 1952-03-30

NEW YORK.-We. the Peo-
pie, are such charming liars.
It's a matter of scientific fact.
says Alfred Politz, a research
expert and public opinion sur
veyor. We like to deceive our
selves. In our self-portraits.
you could run the Queen Mary
through the broad gulf separat-
ing illusion and reality.
"Ask most people about their
schooling" Mr.. Politz reports.
"and you'll find twice as many
college graduates as there are
actually college graduates. It's
not always downright lying.
Often it's wishful thinking, or
exaggeration based on q couple
Of months at q college or uni
verSity."
BY the same process, people
claim to read more books than
are published. listen to. more
classical records than are manu-
factured. drink much less liquor
than is sold. This last fact is
explained by the kind Of guy
who drinks himself silly three
nights a week but tells an inter-
viewer. Drink? Oh. I like an
occasional cocktail"
It seems we can't even tell
the truth about which news
paper we read. The number Of
people In New York who think
they read the New York Times
Evening star., 1952-03-30
that g used In calculating aex-

that Is used In calculating sex-
cess rkoats for tax purposes.
According to Government fig-
ureS, earnings Of the steel In.
dustry currently are running 1t
. rate Of about $2.5 billion 4
year. In lo47. 1948 and 1919
(the three best years the In
dustry has experienced since
1870 earnings Of the industry
averaged SIS billion. The Cow
ernment estimate Of the cost Of
Wage Board contract recom-
mendations Is about $500 mil
lion . year. So, with Q little
figuring. 1t viii be seen that.
even after absorbing the wage
increase. steel industry earn
ings would be over the base
period average, and q long way
from the average necessary for
price relief.
High Tex Brackets
Most or al Of the steel COM
panies are In the 20 per cent
tax take" bracket. 30 IT Is clear
that II the industry were re-
quifed to absorb the wage In
crease. most Of the money would
come out Of the Governments
tax kitty"
The industry argues. and price
people admit the argument has
some merit. that the earnings
yardstick 10 unfair. because It
employs earnings before rather
than after taxes; that It does
not allow for substantially
higher reserves the companies
must maintain In these high
cost days to replace wornou,
plants and equipment.
In any event. 1t Is clear now
the price control rules will DO
changed either openly or by tn
direction. to permit q price In
crease substantially higher than
would be forthcoming under the
Capehart amendment. Just how
this will be done is not clear.
Of6cials are searching for q for
mula which would confine the
price increase to steel as . "spe-
ciai case" But In view Of the
industry's earnings position. this
will require real sleight-of- -hAnd.
to say the least. Ss,i
Evening star., 1952-03-30
-Assoeiassd mess photo.

the steel producers. The charge
is made. and apparently with
some merit, that the Govern
ment in the steel case actually
has sponsored higher wages
and prices. A similar Govern
ment-dictated wage-price set
tienent In steel IN 1916 led di-
rectly to q breakdown Of con-
trolls after World War II.
It is almost certain the steel
wage dispute will not be settled
for less than the Wage Board
has proposed. This calls for
wages and fringe increases to-
falling 26.1 cents an hour by
next January /. The industry
estimates the direct cost at 80
cents, and says that experience
has shown that indirect costs
In the way of higher materials
prices and other things pro-
ducers must pay will add an
other 80 cents per hour.
The Wage Board recommen-
dations. which Defense Mo-
bilizer Charles E. Wilson termed
"a serious threat" to the anti
imitation program, lent support
to induStry's argument that the
agency which sets and admin
listers wage policies should not
be invested with authority to,
settle disputes. Industry mem
bers Of the board say that WSB.
from the moment it took over
the steel case. seemed far more
interested in settling the dispute
than. it was in holding down the
size Of q wage boost. In other
words. the board was primarily
concerned with the question of
making its findings acceptable
to the union.
Feinsineer's Defense
In defending the l71a-cent
wage increase proposal (1212
cents now and 5 cents in equal
Evening star., 1952-03-30

residence requirements ap-
plied.)
The Public Utilities Act, In
effect since 1913. goes even fur
ther in the public interest. It
specifies that the PUG members
must not have had any kind Of
financial interest in any public
utility for the I'VE years prior to
their appointment and must
not acquire any during their
tenure.
The sixth presidentially-
pointed post here. Peoples
Counsel. also has q prior -resi-
dence requirement of five years.
OF course, this job has been
dangling like d useless appen-
dix on the municipal anatomy
for a number Of recent years.
It is vacant today.
Whether the residence
clauses are responsible-or the
executive branch has acted
more conscientiously-the fact
remains that the qualifications
Of these men for their particu-
lar assignments have been OUT
standingly more impressive
than the qualifications gener-
ally shown by past recorders Of
deeds. &
Members of the PUG, for ex-.
ample, have, been recognized in
their fields-law. >accountancy,
engineering, business. And peo-
pies counsels likewise have been
accomplished. Some Of them
have gone on to be top-notch
private practitioners at the bar,
and one of them now occupies
the Federal bench here.
Book to 1901
Precedent for presidentially
appointed District of1icials was
fixed with the founding Of the
city government itself. The hrst
congressional act concerning
local rule in 1901 gave the Chief
Executive power to appoint JUS
Evening star., 1952-03-30

. tices of the peace. The first
Washington Mayor was q presi-
Dental appointee.
On through the 10th century.
the same method was authorized
for naming members of the old
Board of Police, the one-time
city governor" and the Boards
of Health and Public Works.
Until 1949, when the courts took
over the function, the register
of wills was named by the
President.
Actually, today. the United
States attorney and the United
States marshal for the District
and the judges of all the local
courts are named in the same
manner. But, due to the Fed
eral City's unique intertwining
of Federal and municipal judi
cial jurisdiction, the practice in
the latter fields Is accepted as q
Federal function Of the executive.
On the other hand, strong de-
mands are repeatedly made for
removing the presidential power
to appoint the recorder Of deeds.
These expressions - the latest
barely a fortnight yago--have
taken the form Of legislation to
place the appointive power in
the Commissioners hands.
For the present, however. the
impasse remains, with the In
cumbent first deputy recorder.
A. Oliver Thornton. serving as
acting chief. And here again
the District is being served,
however conscientiously, by an
official who came to his present
job from st. Louis.
Evening star., 1952-03-30
By John c. Henry

Soviet Russia is building new
stage for diplomatic maneuver-
Ing on which it can create seri-
Gus troubles for the West. The
stage is Germany. a country
divided and under occupation;
q nation traditionally thirsty
for power, proud of its strength
and eager for independence.
To transform the Germany Of
today into a platform on which
they can harass the Western
powers, the Moscow strategists
have offered the Germans a
Shrewd mixture Of German
unity, rearmament. a peace
treaty and post-treaty neutrali-
cation. In order to wrap UP this
package the Soviet government
found it necessary not only to
revise substantially its own at
titude toward Germany but to
disregard the long-standing
concerns Of its central Euro
pean satellites.
Since the Moscow govern
ment is not bound by any re-
sponsiyeness to Russian public
opinion, and is obviously less
concerned about satellite opin-
ions, it was not too difficult to
make this shift.
The calculating artfulness Of
the Russian plan does not OBJ
scure the Kremlin's distaste for
the change, however. It was
a choice between evils. Moscow
has obviously become worried,
perhaps slightly panicky. at the
progress made in recent months
toward the integration politi-
cally, militarily and industrially
--of Western Germany into the
West European and Atlantic
community.
TO arrest this trend. the
Soviet proposed in q note to the
Evening star., 1952-03-30

gested that q United Nations
commission. be given free access
to all Germany. This group has
now been organized. It's function
would be to establish conditions
which would safeguard the
national and individual liberties
Of the German people"
This commission already has
Evening star., 1952-03-30

and that they VIII have the
wherewithal to buy them In the
form Of record high savings
plus the higher wages that are
to come.
The minority Of experts hold
that higher prices win tend to
increase consumer resistance
and this. In turn. will stop In its
tracks the passing along and
pyramiding Of the steel price
adjustment. This theory would
seem to ignore the fact that
q large portion of steel and
other materials are channeled
to the defense program and
must be purchased regardless
Of price.
DecontroIling Abandoned
Prior to the time the steel
controversy reached q climax,
Federal officials were giving
serious consideration to drop
ping price controls on such
things as cotton textiles. shoes,
woolens and worsteds, which
have been selling way under
ceiling prices for q long time.
There was even talk that it
might be possible to drop all
controls before many months
had passed. These plans would
seem to be in the discard now.
Recent developments have
raised the question Of whether
the so-called stabilization pro-
gram actually accompliSheS
what the name implies or, in
the case Of steel particularly,
is really unStabilizing. Wage
Board recommendations In the
form of wages and other money
issues actually cost the employ
ers more than Mr.. Murray's
union ever won in past years.
And there is reason to doubt
that the CIO could have re-
ceiyed so favorable a settlement
In unfettered bargaining with
Evening star., 1952-03-30

been assured freedom Of access
to the Federal Republic and
West Berlin. Thus far the Rus
slams have barred it from
Eastern Germany. Their reac-
tion to the Big Three note, and
it is expected they will make
formal reply. must deal with this
issue. The manner in which
Evening star., 1952-03-30
VIVA. M y .,..... 81. !. =, !. almost .,..,.. s

) winning even larger concessions
for his miners. It is most likely
that any wage increase pattern
set in steel will stand only until
Mr.. Lewis comes to bat,
An. increase Of steel prices Is
likely to spread through all In
dustry even more rapidly and
be pyramided at the subsequent
levels Of distribution. The steel
fabricators, for example, will
have to be given an even larger
price adjustment. They will
not only have to pay higher
prices for finished steel. but q
wage increase to their own
workers as well. These increases
will be reflected In considerably
higher prices to purchasers Of
automobiles. and the. countless
numbers OF things which are
made largely Of steel, ! And.
in accord with custom, . little
bit more will be tackled on at
each distribution level.
Morket 'Softens'
There has been Of late what
the economists call q soften
ing" of the market for most
consumer goods. This has been
reflected in substantially lower
prices at wholesale and a small
er decrease in consumer prices
or the cost Of living. The ex-
perts disagree on whether the
primary cause of the "defla-
ton" has been consumer re-
sistance to high prices or to
temporary satisfying Of demand.
or even whether 1t would last
long In the face Of increased
Government spending.
In any event, most economists
believe that substantial wage
and price increases in steel will
reverse these defiationary pres
sures. They point out that
consumers must have goods.
Evening star., 1952-03-30

coffee has for centuries been q,
center Of controversy.
Even the name Is controver-
sial. sS 8
One school says It's from the
Arabic "qahWah." Another.
says there's an earlier Turkish
form, "kahvah." Another says
1t comes from Kaffa. an Ethio-
plan town reputedly the birth
place Of the coffee tree. One Of
the more outlandish alleged
derivations Is from the diary
on an English seaman who, in
1909. repeatedly wrote the name
as "cohoo." ,s.>.<- s,
Three Odd Chorocters
A certain piQuancy was lent
to your reporters earnest re-
searches by the fact that the
authorities pumping for vari-.
Gus theories about the names
origin have some pretty curious
names themselves - such as
Virendranath Chattopadhyaya.
Hobson-Jobso and Abu Bakr
Muhammed ibn Zakaiya El
Razi.
The big coffee controversies
cut deeper. Of course. than mere
sQuabbles about the name.
The worlds first coffee houses
had barely taken root In Mecca
when q terrific storm broke out
over them. Kair sBey. viceroy
Of Mecca. prohibited coffee on
religious grounds In 1911, but
Kair Bey's boss, the sultan; who
liked coffee. reversed the vice.
roy's decision and then had
him boiled In oil.
Coffee gpeakeasies sprang up
In Constantinople in 1880, fol-
lowing an edict by Amurath
III that the drink was really q
wine and therefore banned by
the Koran. First offenders, II
caught. were given Q sound beat
ing. Second offenders were
sewn into o leather bag and
thrown into the Bosphorus.
Beck 10 Abu Bokr
They got somewhere In those
days. The current row In Bra
zil Is. by comparison. strictly
cream-puff. II that makes Brazil
feel any better about 1t.
But to get back for q moment
to Abu Bakr Muhammed ibn
zakaiya El Razi. He was an
Arabian doctor. S50-922 AD.,
and In his extensive writings
he called coffee by the most
improbable name of all: Bun
chum." This low-comedy word
derives logically enough from
the Arabian word ''bun," which
means both the coffee tree and
the coffee bean. but it is difhcult
to envision those old coffee
house denizens, Addison. Steele.
Swift. Defoe and Sam johnson.
frequenting q bunchun house,
just as it is difncult TO envision
singing. You're the cream In
my bunchum," or, for that mat.
ter. going into Ropes drugstore
and ordering Three bunchums.
please"
Summing the thing UP, 1t
seems likely that II the name
bunchum hadn't somehow got
sidetracked there undoubtedly
wouldn't be any coffee In the
world today: or. therefore. any
coffee drinkers: or. therefore.
any 1851 900 armored-car rob-
berries in Danvers, Mass. in the
bright midmorning sunshine.
Evening star., 1952-03-30
Java on the Fire
Broziliuns Denounce Coffee at q Time
When 1t Costs 3 Men $227, 900 d Cup
BY chorIes Cooke

One odd aftermath Of the
biggest armored-ear robbery in
history is that cherchez le cafe
is now the obvious version Of
the old saw.
The ofdcial estimate Of the
United States Trucking Co.'S
loss now stands at $685.
900. This figure. obligingly di-
visible by three. works out to
exactly 1927. 900 per cup for the
coffee that was being enjoyed
last Tuesday in Ropes drug
store at Danvers, Mass, by the
Messrs. Johansen, Riley and
Walsh, while, 20 feet away,
their unattended armored car
was being looted in the bright
midmorning sunshine.
A Bizarre Event
This is not the moment for
q discussion Of Americas
peculiar latter-day revival Of
the ka6eeklGtsch, II only be-
cause Of another and even
stranger coffee event probably
unique In history-that Just
took place.
When Brazil knocks coffee.
that's news.
II Russia's Mr.. Malik sud-
denly stood up in the U. N. and
shouted. Down with COM
munism!" 1t could hardly
create q greater sensation than
was caused in Rio de Janeiro
early this month when. In its
March. 1852. issue. the magazine
Saude (Health), published
by Brazil's National Health
Education Service, came out
against coffee.
It wasn't Q violent condemna-
ton. as such things 60 these
days. but. down Brazil way, you
better smile when you say any
thing derogatory about coffee.
Saude wasn't smiling when
1t printed these words:
zone should not be deceived
by the false sense Of well-being
given by alcohol and coffee.
which deprive the body Of in
dispensable nourishment and
rest" -
Drawing . veil over the ensu-
ing Brazilian mob scenes and
inserting ear plugs to drown
out the walls Of Brazilian
anguish, your reporter quotes
you only the shocked reply Of
the Rio newspaper. formal:
"Balzac and D'Annunzio drank
tens of cups Of coffee to comfort
and inspire themselves. In cof-
fee," continued formal, sitting
q sob. "rests the greatest wealth
Of Brazil. Thanks to 1t. we have
converted ourselves since the
10th century into the most
powerful nation Of Latin Amer
ica."
Good NeishborIy Gesture
Obviously. In our sister re-
public's hour Of trial. some kind
Of . good-neighborly gesture
was called for. and quickly.
After all, coffee Is one Of the
main supports. II not the cor
nerstone, Of Western Hemisphere
economic solidarity.
In fact. so vast is the pano-
rama Of coffee that your re-
porter, casting about for Q
gesture that might comfort
Brazil, decided to cradle his
camera down to one detail Of the
enormous mural the fact that
Evening star., 1952-02-17
McKeIdin Promises to Raise
Teacher Pay if Study Fovors 1t

between the State government and
public school system.
"If the commission found that
greater State aid should be pro-
vided for teachers salaries. ar
rangements could be made for it
in the budget to be submitted
next year, and no time would be
lost in the effectiveness Of such an
increase"
The Governor said he felt the
commission could best approach
the problem '.if the matter
lot salary increases for school
teachers at the State level were
left where it now stands"
Gov. McKeldin has refused to
yield to strong demands to raise
teachers pay. He won a dispute
in the legislature last week when
his veto of a $500 increase was
sustained.
Senator Della's new bill already
has been given q public hearing
iby the. finance committee. His
proposed $400 increase is q COM
promise between the $500 which
teacher representatives asked last
year and the $500 the Legislature
tried to award.