davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-07-14
By jack Jonas

THE political razzle-dazzle which
Il marks national party conventions
began 121 years ago. when the Anti
MasonS assembled in Baltimore to
nominate Marylander William Writ.
But Writ, first presidential candidate
chosen by a national convention, got
only seven electoral votes when the bal
lots were counted in the fall.
Vermont. which had the seven votes,
went all out for the teacher from
Montgomery County even though some
in the party felt that q Mason was
hardly a fitting candidate for the
Anti-Masonic party.
The Anti-Masons, a party born on a
wave of anti-Masonic sentiment in New
York and which prospered under polit-
ical conditions Of the times, met Sep
tember 81, 1881 to hold the first national
convention In history.
That was the year Of the change from
the caucus method Of selecting candi-
dates. In prior presidential years,
members Of Congress had named the
men to lead the party in the election
battles.
1t took lot Of smoke filled rooms
w CCVtAC OA VIII dS tIlG SCduUaTQs
bearer. There were men who didn't want
the job. There were those who said
they'd run If nominated. but wouldn't
seek the Office.
Anti-Mason leaders wanted Henry
Clay. They tried in vain to induce him to
renounce Masonry and lead the party
against Andrew Jackson.
Thurlow Weed. william H. Seward
and other party leaders next considered
John Calhoun but discarded him be-
cause 1.-THE stain of notification was
too black upon his record"
They talked next to Richard Rush,
who told them point blank that he would
refuse the nomination. ,ss<-
Weed, John C. Spencer, Albert H.
Tracy and DR.. Abner Phillips finally
called on Writ. who. since his retirement
from public life as Attorney General Of
the United States. had been practicing
law in Baltimore.
They induced him to become their
candidate, even though he was Mason
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Ridgwoy on Air Power

Speaking strictly as military man, General
Ridgway, supreme commander of the Atlantic
Community's armed forces, has made a special
point OF warning against the doctrine of relying
principally on air power for national security.
This doctrine-which has been espoused by
Senator Taft, former President Hoover and other
leading AmericanS-has undeniable appeal Its
chief attraction is that it suggests way to make
defense in a highly dangerous world much
cheaper than it has been by cutting down on
infantry and naval strength. But General
Ridgway, whose views are shared by the Repub-
lican presidential nominee, has emphatically
rejected it as potentially disastrous Illusion.
He has summed up the case this way: ANY one
who advocates the achievement of a major
military objective by single arm of services
is, in my opinion, basically and essentially
unSound."
Having in mind both the Second World War
and the present war in Korea the former chief
of our allied United Nations forces in the Far
East has been at pains to remind everybody
that 1.-THE one lesson learned to date Is that in
modern operations you must have forces of the
three great services es-land, sea and air. In
defense preparations, you sacrifice any Of
these three, you accept risk of lowering the
potential effectiveness Of each Of the forces"
Certainly, although they have been tremendously
important, fighters and bombers-even with such
massive strikes as the latest one on Pyongyang-
have been far from enough to stop the enemy In
the Korean theater; without adequate ground
Evening star., 1952-07-14
BETHESDA.

BETHESDA.
'Dear Sir:
"I feel terribly bad. after hearing q
young robin calling for help just before
the last big rain.
II was so busy that I turned deaf
ear. and did not go outdoors 20 see what
was the matter.
after the rain, went out. and there
found a dead robin in the yard.
tHad it been drowned?
CAS- far as could see. there were no
marks on it.
81 now feel that I deserted the poor
thing in its hour of need.
IN only I had gone out. might have
: been able to save it.
Il hope can make amends the next
time. You can be sure that the next
bird in distress will not call me in vain.
yours truly. A. x. T."
It is impossible in this world to do
everything exactly right.
Every one makes mistakes.
It is an advice Of perfection to say
that no one should fail.
The point, perhaps. is that Il one can
not fail in the little and the close at
hand, then one has done all that can
be done.
If all around the world. wherever
there are human beings. there were
majority Of persons who attended at
once to the small chores Of the every
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Billions for Defense

AS major police force for the U.N. we
are making shambles Of Korea to
save part of it from what we are led
to call state Of slavery.
In the past many OF our population
were held in bondage to work for moth
ing the year around. except that they
were supplied with all the necessaries
gof life and were carefree In that re-
spect. Today, all of us, as taxpayers
sin double the need through costs Of
collection, must work for nothing and
support ourselves for a third or more
of our time. to meet the demands Of an
sovergrown Government for billions
claimed to be for defense against q
power that has repeatedly asserted it
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Recorded Beauty

seldom Urtte OF beauty at the sight
OF beauty. much more often do I gaze
With tconder on the splendor and the
might
OF lorely things, and on more somber
days
Recall the hour spent. the Iona. long
look,
The breathless moment when the inner
soul
OF me tDds fire and snow. the slender
book
OF thought that ached to reach a
perfect goal.
And then plen beauty dies make again
To things kn0tD. and Nth a steady
hand
Write do,On the old. old ache, the joytul
pain
OF loneliness as on the brink I stand
BreGthless once more NTH beauty at
my side
knowing fun iDeH this beauty nom has
died.
Helen LOOMS Linhom !.
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Letters to The Star

has no intention Of invading us. and
asked for world disarmament.
Included in what we are called upon
to defend is perversion Of the feudal
system. Under that system in its origin,
all who held land directly or indirectly
from the king as paramount owner
were bound in fealty to him to supply
all essentials for maintenance of his
rule. For century or more after Will
liam the Conqueror took over England,
that system prevailed there. But on the
ending Of military tenures, the great
landed interests in control of Parlia-
ment. SO far from continuing their obli-
cation to royalty, levied taxes on indus
try that permitted them to absorb most
Of the increasing value given their land
by growing population and exact all
or more than the traffic would bear for
its use.
If we are ever to become nation Of
freeholders in place Of a subsidized ten
antry, poverty stricken sharecroppers
and migrants, and wholly free enter
prisers in our other activities, it will be
when government is brought to an ac-
tive realization that its only just claim
upon its citizenry lies in the value it
gives to our soil. Collection of that in
creasing value at a minimum of cost
would suffice for all legitimate purposes
of government. serve to keep it within
bounds. and provide a substantial bal
ance for liquidation of our monumental
public debt. It would also serve, among
many other advantages, as a check to
all leanings toward socialism and it's ex-
treme Of communism that is now fright
ening us out Of billions of our earnings
and resources.
Wol<a~ ~ Corn~Iou
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Virginia Primary

Lie Mp-ano-tuck congressional race in
vrglnlas new 10th district, Just across the river
Is the feature attraction of the Democratic pri-
mary In the nearby area. National attention will
center, however, on the senatorial battle
This contest has faced Senator Harry F.
6yro with the most serious challenge Of his long
political career The campaign put on by his
rival, Francis Pickens Miller, has forced the
virginia Senator to take to the huStings as never
before and this has had the beneficial result of
introducing Senator Byrd to whole generation
OF new Virginia voters. AS has been the case
with other public men who became absorbed in
national affairs, Senator Byrd had lost contact
with many OF his constituents. Since the Miller
challenge took form, however, he has been busily
at work mending his political fences, and this
should produce constructive results If he returns
to the Senate
Col. Miller's campaign attack has been along
two main lines. He has, of course employed a
variety OF tactics, some of them silly, but the
main effort has been directed to Senator Byrd,s
voting record on foreign policy and in support of
the charge that on domestic issues he has voted
more often with the Republicans than the Demo
Gratis.
This newspaper has been in disagreement
with Senator Byrds votes against such programs
as Greco-Turkish aid and the Marshall Plan It
does not agree, however, with the view that the
proper test of a Senator's performance is to be
found in any count of the number of times he
has voted for or against the administration in
power.
If this theory were carried to its logical con-
clusion, the ideal Democratic Senator would be
one who slavishly votes for every bill sent to
Congress by the White House. This notion, of
course, would be rejected by every sensible voter
Ideally, the function of Senator would be to
vote according to his honest convictions on all
issues. It those convictions are not shared by
his constituents, he will be retired from Office
Meanwhile, however, he will have been rendering
a higher service to his country than the Senator
who always votes as he is told to vote.
Senator Byrd has come as close as any man
in the Senate to voting his convictions. That is
a virtue, and the country would be better OF il
more Senators would follow his example The
real test Of his fitness to serve another term Is
whether, on balance, he has been a constructive
force in public life. The Star believes that he
has been. And If this view is shared by major
tty Of Vrginia's Democrats, he is not going to be
retired from the Senate in tomorrow's primary.
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Passports and Due Process

It cannot correctly be said that the State
Departments control over passports has been
impaired by the ruling of special three-judge
District Court in the Bauer case. While the court
was divided on the question of its jurisdiction in
the matter all three judges were agreed that the
department has received from Congress full and
proper authority to issue, restrict and revoke
passports.
Two judges, taking Jurisdiction on petition
Of Anne Bauer, naturalized citizen working as
free-lance journalist in France, held that the
State Department exceeded its statutory and
constitutional authority when 1t summarily
revoked Miss Bauer's passport without hearing.
The department claimed that its inherent powers
to administer foreign affairs included absolute
authority to revoke any passport at any time,
without advance notice. But Judge Richmond
Keech, whose opinion was shared by Judge
Edward Curran, responded: 'This court Is not
willing to subscribe to the view that the executive
power includes any absolute discretion which
may encroach on the individuals absolute rights,
or that the Congress has power to confer such
absolute discretion. We hold that. like other
curtailments of personal liberty for the public
good the regulation of passports must be admins
istered, not arbitrarily caprciousy. but fairly
applying the law equally to all citizens without
discrimination, and with due process adapted to
the exigencies Of the situation"
This means that Miss Bauer must be granted
the hearing which she demands before her
permit to travel in Europe may be cancelled
Only then may she be deprived of her passport
privileges provided, of course that she has
failed to convince the department that her
activities abroad are not contrary to the best
interests Of the United States"
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Courtesy Library Of Congress

and had not renounced the order When
he accepted the nomination, he had this
to say about Masonry:
II have repeatedly and continually,
both in conversation and letters Of
friendship, spoken Of Masonry and Anti
Masonry as filter subject for farce
than tragedy and have been grieved at
seeing some of my friends involved in
what appeared to me such a wild and
bitter and unjust persecution against so
harmless an institution as Free
Masonry"
Writ was an odd candidate. As soon
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Report on Luttimore

Eighteen months and couple of hun
dred thousand dollars later, the Nc
Carran committee still is unable to
prove McCarthys charges that Owen
baltimore is a Communist or that he
was the architect of our Far Eastern
policy.
Secretaries Byrnes. Marshall and
Acheson each wrote the Tydings COM
mittee that Owen baltimore was not
even known to them. Only Secretary
Hull wrote that he had vague recol-
lection Of him as a scholar. But this
situation, like the conflict in Louis Bu-
denz's testimony, was either conyen-
iently forgotten or conveniently over
looked.
Senator McCarran blamed the fall of
China on the influence exerted by the
Institute Of Pacific Relations in which
MIR. baltimore was an active member.
This McCarran statement is almost
farcical when matched against the fol-
lowing questions based on the Congress
sioral Record and the Macarthur hear
ingS: Was it Lattimore's influence upon
Gen. Hurley when the general stated in
1914: 'The Chinese Communists are
ing for democratic principles? Was
it baltimore who caused Gen. Hurley
to try to bring the Chinese Communists
into the Nationalist government? Was
it Lattimore's fine Italian hand behind
Gems. Macarthur and Wedemeyer when
they both advised Gen. Marshall in 1946
to make another attempt to bring the
Communists and NationalistS together
and even to cut of aid from Chang II
he did not cooperate with the coalition
idea? Could baltimore have induced Gen.
Wedemyer to have testified at the Mac
Arthur hearings that "Chiang could
have defended the Yangtse with broom
stick, had he the will"?
And imagine how. busy the professor
must have been in bringing about the
surrender Of SO Nationalist govern
ment divisions of them American
trained!
And finally, was it the cloak and dag
ger work Of Owen baltimore that caused
the Republican 80th Congress during
the crucial years Of 1947-48 to cut the
administrations China Aid Act from
750 millions to 400 millions: (2) to cut
the time Of assistance from Is to IL
months, and to vote against American
military supervision of the Nationalist
campaign in China?
Just how stupid do some Senators
think the American people are?
Kathryn O,NeiIl.
Evening star., 1952-07-14
His Nomination Was a Misodventure

as he had accepted the nomination, he
wanted to withdraw. He was an old
and Ill man. He told the party leaders
the only reason he had accepted was
that he wanted to unite the party. His
acceptance letter, however, merely
widened the split and Writ said he did
not want to stay In the race and would
rather see Clay elected.
William Writ was a product Of Bla-
denSburg, Md, where he was born No
vember 8, 1772. He went to schools in
nearby Maryland, for the longest time
In the grammar school of the Rev. James
Hunt in Montgomery County, man
who greatly Influenced Wirt's later life.
Writ himself became a private tutor.
He started studying law in 1890. About
10 years later. he moved to Richmond
and there began his political career. He
was elected clerk Of the Virginia House
Of Delegates and in 1902 became chan
celor for the Eastern Shore area.
AS writer he also gained consider
able attention. In 1903 he began pub
fishing in the Argus Of Richmond his
1.-THE Letters Of the British Spy" hypo-
thetical reactions Of an Englishman to
Southern life.
His 1917 biography Of Patrick Henry.
sketches of the Life and Character Of
Patrick Henry" still holds prominence
as an example Of biography, in Southern
literature.
In 1907. his eloquence impressed the
public when he served as assistant pros
ecutor in the case against Aaron Burr at
Richmond. President Madison appoint
ed him United States attorney for the
district of Richmond in 1916 and the
following year he was in President Mon
roe's cabinet as Attorney General of the
United States.
John Quincy Adams reappointed him
in 1925. -Four years later, when Jackson
took over, Writ retired from public life
and opened his law Office in Baltimore.
Writ thus was no novice when the
Anti-MaSOnS nominated him.
The Anti-Masons beat the National
Republicans by three months to the dis
tinction of holding the first national
political convention. The Republican
convention came in December, 1881.
Evening star., 1952-07-14

captain when he was killed, died that
we might live and pass on the things
our Nation holds dear to those coming
after us. He. and thousands of others
who gave their lives so unselfshly, win
have died in vain if we spend our sub
stance on trivialitieS or conveniences and
fail to save against that day."
Mrs. Leighton M. Hulvey, Chaplain,
Capital Chapter, D. c. National
Gold Star Mothers.
Evening star., 1952-07-14

armies and naval strength, the U. N. probably
would have been driven out Of that country
months ago.
General Ridgway Is man whose experience
as fighting commander equips him superbly
well to speak wisely on this subject. His views
ought to be pondered carefully by any American
who tends to believe that air power is almost
enough, by itself, to guarantee security. It is
not. In defense, as in going to and from market,
1t is never safe to put all the eggs in basket.
Evening star., 1952-07-14
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

Evening Star Information Bureau. 1900 I street
return postage or ay teiephonins 81 1888
By THE HASKN SERVICE.
O. How far does the earth travel each
day Id its journey around the sum-
E. S. S.
A. To swing completely around the
sun the earth must travel the circum-
ference of a vast circle-ellipse of $50
million miles in 365 days. This means
an average of 112' million miles each day
at speed Of $4,000 miles an hour. or
1000 miles q minute. or l6 miles a
second.
@. What is the highest mountain that
has been climbed by man to date?-
L. r. o.
A. Annapurna, 26,504 feet, peak
in the Himalayas. Two Frenchmen
reached the top in May, 1850. and
claimed record height.
@. What country ranks next to the
United States in coal production?-F. b.
A. In 1850 Germany was second, the
Soviet Union third and Great Britain
Evening star., 1952-07-14
Questions and Answers
By Thomos R. Henry

The stars readers can get the answer %
any QUESTION Of fact By either ,gIisips The
NV. Washington. d, c.. and inclosing 8 cents
return postage or ~ telephontue 81 1868.
Evening star., 1952-07-14

Pen-,,0naes may be used If letters carry
1Driters' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-13
Key Vests School Bands
By DOROTHY RAyMER

They pay beat the band and the band is hard TO bea
That Key West High and the Junior
Band which made of music students from ten Of
through venerable fourteen from grades five through
The Junior Band has 81 members The Senior unit has
total of Ill personnel which made of 90 piece nstu
ment section plus the Key West Letter Girl sutters the drum
morettes who with batons the hagter and the
Conch Girls march in the Of band And smallest but
not least nieyear old Johnny Thompson band mascot His
brother plays trombone Johnny fascinated hung around with
hungry look. Finally he received baton twirl.
No and Key West has big of them, complete
without all these representatives Harold Caserton
explained that of the advanced in
technique that they capable of playing in the parade band
section Said he I'VE try to establish selection performance
ability and service rather than age"
The go piece band based standard Instrumentation Tho
roster begins with 81 carnet four flutes and pcooes Oboe
flat clarinet bassoon 16 mpets four French horns
nine saxophones ombones baritone five
hoxus sousahorns tuba and eiSht drums
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-13

The instruments and equipment worth $1,000 Of which
three quarters of the cost is covered by the individuals themselves
In the junior the value of instruments used estimated
at about $4,000 with most of the equipment belonging the pupils
This shows great interest by the parents and for which
grateful The bandsmen began training for eight
last beginning June H. Caeon pointed
grade level training the Key West main band will have ready
crts all set step in the work despite transfers graduating
losses The enthusiastic Junior aggregation
81 cornet players 81 clarnes three onists beyre
chimer baritone horn player four and
Practice done in Dillon Hail. airy sunlit building with
big pleasant band graduated platforms music stands
for equipment lockers and for uniforms and the bandaster
administration office where music library and file maintained
On wall the plaque dedicated Major Earl Dillon whom
the hall named Drill work is done the
out at Wckes Stadium Music practice sessions continue all
long large but often possible groups
for detailed instruction Twes must practice eight
hours week for perfection
Caserton said that the main band had
hour school began because work is done at
M They have worked diligently and had only two Off That
was when raed He added that the band played for nine
ball games this The number average high
school is four games
The Key West citizen., 1952-12-13

I'VE try do something different for each performance" Cas-
terton sd which really have had schedule
Positions marked big chart replica Of the football
field and thus precision acquired for the marching unit
Rigid rules posted the bulletin board Of the practice
player gets is demerits he automatically dropped
from the band Five dement's given for any Of the foowng
chewing eating candy the sessions; disturbance
music distributed unacceptable posture being
the band Ten dement's should
band engage in hoeplay in the bandroom
equipment and furniture Forgetting instrument also liable
for demerit penalty Absence from drill field without
reasonable brings about instant dismissal Ousg
player talks while at attention back talk" the drss
tor Of officers appointed from student ranks
Most of the brilliant band suits in red white and with
cockaded hats the shortted maorette outfits furnished
by the Individual Twenty band uniforms
and some civic organizations have pledged aid.
The band viii take part IN the Gaspala Festival at Tapa
Fla recent drive to funds the trip highly
and Bandmae Caeon hopes that the interest displayed will
constant
II most certainly deserved.
pictured from bottom the High School hand rsas.
cing the band in uniform junior band; and the gr
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1952-12-04

Engine with electric headlight.
automatic stop and start
and ringing bell. Q curved
trueks ond 4 siraisht troeks.
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1952-12-04

BenIes Boxing Gloves. The
Ussl NofionoIly known
brond, made Of fine sheep
skin leather - stuffed with
qsnuins boxing glove hoir
fhot hos been Washed and
speeiolly treated.
Evening star., 1952-05-22

nEIow the surface Of boxing turks an arrogant OUT
d rageous influence: the underworlds.
This is the evil against which the New York State
Boxing Commission has declared This is the evil
which is named and identified and defined in this
weeks LIFE by Robert K. Christenberry. chairman
of the New York State Boxing Commission.
Who are the unknown bosses of time boxing9
You'll know their names even the Rogues Gallery
numbers of some and see their faces in LIFE this
Evening star., 1952-05-22
BiQ-Tinle boxing's Unknown Bosses
about the fight game today

,ner says about the fight game today
week. in the article Ring Racketeers Must Co."
Bob Chrstenberry spells out dates names and fights
to show you how the mob Furnishes fighters and man
ayers who won tco-operae- mobsters reward their
stables with pushover victories You'll learn why rack
eteers seldom bother to fix fights how they make help
less penniless victims of prominent fighters including
some world champions.
If you're fight FAM ringside Tv this is an article
you ought to read Don't miss it It's in LIFE this week