davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-01-20

could do this no matter how old he
might have been, or how long he had
been out of school, before the war.
The Kerr bill would define a man
who had had his education inter.
rupted as one under % when he en-
tered service. It would give him day
for every day spent in the armed
forces but no extra year. If he were
over %, he could get only one year
Of schooling. And he would have to
start his courses within two years Of
discharge and complete them within
II years.
Already spelled out in the old CT
bill, and emphasized again in the Kerr
measure, is a prohibition against "avo-
cational and recreational training"
This means that the CT could not 60
into such frivolous pursuits as dane.
ing. mixology or Observation-Disclosures
less, supposedly. he could show that
his life's ambition was to be a gigolo.
bartender or magician. The recrea-
tional aspects of CT training in early
days turned up abuses that led Con-
gress several years ago to amend the
law to forbid such studies.
Certifying Schools Is Touehy
Congress is on the horns of a
dilemma with respect to certification
OF schools. State agencies have certi-
fed schools to the VA as eligible to
train veterans and in many cases the
results were scandalous. But Con-
gresSmen are hesitant to take this
prerogative away from States-and
II they did they would have to pony
UP millions Of dollars to provide VA
with q Federal force Of inspectors.
Present estimates on the cost Of
extending educational benefits to Ko-
rea GIs are predicated on the assump-
ton that a new law will be passed
IN the spring Of this year. That is a
good assumption, but late spring.
rather than early spring, is the more
likely target date.
The number Of GIs who already
have been released since the Korean
war broke out is Pentagon secret.
But. planning between now and
1857 is based on the idea that
SOC, 900 men will be discharged eacn
year. The planners estimate the bill
win cost only $i,644.000 In 1852, but
will rise to $246 million In 1858, to
$561 million in 1854, and will level
out at 1908 million . year b1tween
1856 and 1867.
Evening star., 1952-01-20
By WiIiiom Hines

antees and the benefit of employment
counseling services.
No one is too greatly concerned
about the last-named item. The
school. 1920 and loan provisions are
the important ones. OF these, none
appears certain of passage without
revision. and few observers give So.
20 any chance Of passage.
The home-loan provisions of the GI
bill may meet opposition on the
ground-justified or not-that there
is plenty of real estate credit avail
able. and that home building provi-
sions in critical housing areas will
take care of G1s and non-GIs alike.
1T is in the field of educational
benefits that something constructive
is most likely to be added to the new
CT bill. Most study Of the old GI bill
has been directed at education, and
in this field the most numerous in
stances Of abuse have been uncov-
cred.
It is a matter of public knowledge
that many GIs have made deals with
questionable schools whereby the stu
dent coasts for several years and the
school reaps fat profit from tuition
and books. One administration idea
Is to limit the payment to one-hah
Evening star., 1952-01-20

and in Montevideo as Minister; he
took over Martinique for De Gaulle
from Vichy and was De Gaulle's rep
resentative in Washington until
France was restored. He then went
back to Berne as Ambassador.
He has published volumes of verse
and short operas for which Jean
Cocteau and Darius Milhaud wrote
the music. He is a collector of
modern art and his collection of
Picasso. Monet. Duffy and BRAGG will
travel with him to New York. He
loves to tinker with art and func-
tional gadget forms like the Calder
wire devices.
Mr.. Hoppenot boasts that he was
the first to bring back to Europe
those little bird toys that dip their
necks and wet their beaks. Nine.
Hoppenot is an art photographer in
her own right with published vol
umes. She is projecting a new
camera study of Mexico.
That gives the Bokharis and the
Hoppenots Something else in COM
mon. When Mr.. Bokhari visited
Mexico in 1948 for conference as
Pakistan's representative on radio
high frequencies he was SO taken
with its educational system that he
compiled the first complete study on
1t ever made.
Mr.. Bokhari and Mr.. Hoppenot can
get together on another thing,
They're both crazy about Marx
brothers films.
ASSOCIATED Press)
Evening star., 1952-01-20
She Po|ices the Districts Food and Druqs

When District food and drug in
spectors find fruit cake, grape juice
or green headless shrimp that doesn't
measure up to Federal standards,
handlers of such items are taken
to court by blue-eyed housewife,
Mrs. Helena DOGGY Reed, an as
sistant United States attorney, who
can view the problem from q prac-
tical standpoint.
Mrs; Reed, q native of Washing
ton. has been cracking down on such
violators for nearly nine years. She
is graduate Of Washington College
Of Law, which later became part of
American University, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1915. She lives
at 1901 Argonne place NV.
Mrs. Reed is the second woman
prosecutor In the district attorneys
oflce in the current administration.
She took over the work in the civil
division from Mrs. Grace Brown
Stiles. q former South Carolina
neWspaperWoman, an assistant
United States attorney also, who now
devotes her time to prosecution of
criminal cases. The two women share
the same Office.
Mrs. Reed makes it clear that seized
goods Of real use are not wasted,
even though they violated the Fed
eral laws. Goods deemed mis-
branded. underweight or not up to
snuff are often offered to the District
of Columbia purchasing agent. If
they are entirely fit to eat, they are
sent to an orphanage. The goods
are often given to other charitable
institutions. They may be sold, on
occasion. by court order.
In the case Of drugs, Mrs. Reed
points out that st. Elizabeths Hos
pital has good chemist who can fix
up product to make 1t usable.
II the goods are not fit for human
consumption. but can be fed to ami
Evening star., 1952-01-20

colored, center scored, heart-shaped
tablets represented as milligrams of
dextro-amphetamine sulfate tablets.
Cases usually are started by officials
of the Food and Drug Administration
in the Federal Security Agency, al
though United States Attorney
Charles M. Irelan may act on his own
motion. Complaints are filed in Dis
trict Court against the offending
article rather than its producer, and
the court then decides whether to
authorize seizure of the article by the
United States marshal.
When owners intervene in defense
OF their. products, they are allowed
to withdraw samples from the i'm
pounded lots. Sometimes they can
take all the seized goods under bond
Owners are allowed to remarked the
goods after they are brought into
compliance with law.
In. instances where no claimant
comes to defend his product, the
United States wins the case by
default. *
Mrs. Reed has been practicing law
since her husband. Leroy E. Reed,
died in 1919. Mr.. Reed at one time
was secretary to Associate Justice
James G. McReynolds of the Supreme
Court. She served with the old Com
mercial National Bank until 1924,
then joined the Lincoln National
Bank where she became assistant
trust officer in 1885. She was the
first woman lawyer to hold such
post; here.
But one Of her greatest interests,
Mrs. Reed says, is as a member of
the Board of Directors of The Stars
Summer Outings Committee, aiding
underprivileged children. AS chair
man of the 50th Anniversary Com
n1ittee to be celebrated this year. she
is looking forward to 1852 as a banner
year.
Evening star., 1952-01-20
New Security Council!
Cast Has Changed Some for 1852 Run;
Hoppenot to Stor as French Delegate
By A. |. Goldberg

heat. Should it be considered proper
for men like Acheson and Eden and
the leading delegates Of other coun-
tries to sit only in the Assembly's
Political Committee. waving what
the delegations themselves consider
their second-rank men into the Eco
nomic and Social Committees? Why
don't they and Vishinsky and their
other top men sit in these other
committees and see how all these
problems are linked? Why not have
Joint meetings of the committees
to consider world problems from all
aspects?"
During the war, before the parti-
ton Of the Indian subcontinent, he
was the director of All-India Radio.
'the only effective voice for the AL
lies in the Orient" he says proudly.
Mr.. Santa Cruz and Mr.. Kyrou
share another common dislike
munism. It was Mr.. Santa Cruz
voice ttst was raised the loudest in
the U. h. when the Communists took
over Czechoslovakia and Jan Masaryk
went to his death. It has been Mr..
Kyrou who has fought off with
sarcasm and plugging tenacity the
attacks of the last four years by the
Soviet bloc against Greek independ-
ence. 1t has been Mr.. Kyrou who
has worked quietly in the U. N, to
help restore Greek -Yugoslav unity.
Mr.. Hoppenot, at so, is the oldest
of the group. He has held diplo-
matte posts in Berne, Teheran, Rio
de Janeiro, Chile and Berlin as
secretary; in Peiping as Charge
d'Afaires, in the Paris Foreign Office
Evening star., 1952-01-20

the CT. but at the expense Of chiS-
elers who have taken the Govern
ment for ride that has been esti-
mated to have cost as much as So
billion. -
A select committee headed by Rep
resentative league. Democrat. of
Texas will issue report late this
month or early in February, making
public facts 1t learned in long in
quiry into the educational aspects
Of the CT Bill Of Rights.
Will Consult Vet Commanders
The report will be out in plenty
OF time for the hearings on CT
bill extension, and probably in time
for an executive session of the House
Veterans Committee on February S.
This group will meet with the COM
manders Of the four congressionally
chartered veterans Organizations
the Legion, Veterans Of Foreign Wars,
Disabled American Veterans and
Amvets-before hearings open later
In the month. .
A fiat extension Of World war u
benefits to Korea GIs would give
them day Of school for every day
served plus one year. crack at
1920 club"-unemployrnent bene-
fits-business and home loan guar
Evening star., 1952-01-20

Soldiers home from the wars are
traditionally beneflciaries of the best
America has to offer. So it has been
an unpleasant shock to thousands
Of veterans Of Korea to learn that
the rights extended to World War II
soldiers have. In large part, been
denied them.
It is overstating the case only
slightly to say that q veteran Of
Korea must be severely wounded in
order to qualify for benefits that GIs
Of the last war got almost as matter
Of course.
This will be changed to some extent
this session, unless all indications are
false. A score of bills are in the mill,
all designed to bring under the GI
Bills protection men who served in
the armed ferces after July, 1947--
deadline for benefits under the World
War II measure.
Unemployment Poy Opposed
But there are vast differences in
what the various proposed bills
would give to soldiers in the current
conflict. The American Legion al
ready has spoken; in a measure
sponsored, with reservations, by Rep
resentative Rankin, Democrat, of
Mississippi. the Legion wants Korea
GIs to get everything their World
War II fellows got, by the simple
mechanism Of extending the old CT
bill to include them.
The administration, in a measure
sponsored by Senator Kerr and ap-
proved by Mr.. Rankin, is willing for
Korea GIs to get major. portions of
the old bill. but with limitations.
At present, Korea veterans can
get free education only If they are
disabled in. lire of duty. They can
get housing loans, but only on So
called "wheel-chair homes" Vir-
tually all benefits for Korea GIs are,
like these. designed TO help men who
suffer injuries.
Old Schooling Bill Dead
With only q few exceptions. the
chance to. start an education under
the World War II GI bin has passed.
Few Congressman oppose giving men
now In uniform an equal shake with.
their elder brothers when they return
tocivilian life. But there Is consider.
Able sentiment In both houses for
making the new 0E bill tighter than
tho old one. not at the sxpsnss of
Evening star., 1952-01-20

sary and essential link In the chain
OF testimony which would convict
him OF a crime, he Is not bound to
answer"
II is this passage which is today
leaned on heavily by defense attor-
neys in current contempt cases.
The Rosen Cose
But compare Marshall's opinion
that the answer as to the cipher let
ter could not be incriminating with
the Court OF Appeals ruling in the
Rosen case.
Rosen was q figure in the Alger
Hiss trial. named as middleman in
q transaction involving the transfer
Of q Ford auto from Hiss to another.
Called before grand jury in New
York. Rosen was asked, "Did you ever
buy q Ford?" and did you.eve own
a Ford?" He refused to answer on
the grounds of self determination
and was upheld by the appellate
court.
In another recent case having to
do with Red activities, Patricia Blau
was asked what was the organiza-
tional setup in the Communist Party.
Her refusal to answer on grounds
that the reply might show close asso-
ciation with the Party was upheld
by the Supreme Court.
Link in the Chain
In both opinions, the theory of "a
link in the chain Of testimony
played part.
The line Of broadened reasoning
flnally eliminated in the present
situation in which there appears to
be virtually no question which a wit
ness cannot refuse to answer and
run a good chance of escaping con-
tempt conviction.
In the light Of these decisions, Mr.,
Bauman hardly had a choice in his
questioning of Mr.. Warning. The ex-
animation was conducted in a calm,
almost friendly, atmosphere because
one man was doing his job in getting
his questions into the record and the
other was standing on what he con-
sidered his right in keeping his an
SWerS out.
Some viewers and readers may have
been taken .aback by the Warning
proceedings. But, as District Court
Jurist remarked, a trifle regretfully
perhaps, in speaking of the absolute
essentiality of maintaining the pro-
lection, offered by the Fifth Amend
ment
The rain falls on the just and un-
just alike"
Evening star., 1952-01-20

If o'Brien is trying to, it was not
always thus. The protection Of the
Fifth Amendment has, been broad
ened drastically since Chief Justice
of the treason case against the one
time Vice President, Aaron Burr.
In the Burr affair, Burr's secretary,
a Mr.. Willie, was asked If he knew
that certain letter in cipher had
been written by Burr or some one
under his authority. Mr.. Willie re-
fused to answer on the grounds that
the answer might tend to incriminate
him.
The question obviously was one of
more than a general nature and yet
Marshall ruled 1t was a proper one
Evening star., 1952-01-20

and must be answered. He ruled
out the possibility that Mr.. Willie
could be prosecuted for knowing
about treasonous activities without
reporting them by saying:
"The question tput to Mr.. Willie)
refers only to present knowledge Of
the cipher. It appears to the court
that the question may be answered
without duplicating the witness be-
cause the present knowledge would
not. 1t is believed, in criminal
prosecution. justify the inference
that his knowledge was acquired
previous to this trial"
The Chief Justice went on to say,
in general, that if any answer may
disclose a fact which forms neces-
Evening star., 1952-01-20

tempt Of the committee by phrasing
his answers as he did.
Frank Erickson, reputed bookmaker
now languishing in q New York jail,
must have felt q twinge of regret
when he read of the Tamm decision
on Greasy Thumb. Erickson was
more cooperative with q committee
than Guzik was-and some Of the
answers he gave provided police with
leads that eventually sent him to the
lookup.
Committees Future
The Guzik decision and few other
recent cases have cast serious doubt
on the future usefulness of congress
sional inquiries. If a witness can get
away with refusing to tell commit
tee his age-the reasoning goes-how
can legislators get more pertinent an
swerS? And. since major purpose
of congressional inquiries is to exam
inc situations with view to writing
remedial legislation. how can Con-
gressmen do their jobs If the Fifth
Amendment continues to stand in the
way?
One of those principally concerned
with this problem is Prosecutor
Charles Murray. veteran member of
the United States attorneys staff
here who is now preparing the Gov
errHnent's case against William G.
"Butsy" O'Brien. -horse-racing figure
charged, like Guzik. with contempt
of the Kefauver unit. O'Brien's case
comes up In District Court Janu-
ary 81. ~~-
OBrien refused-on grounds of
possible Observation-Disclosures tell
his address. place Of birth. whether
he was born In America, whether he
was citizen. how much education
he had, his marital status and his
age.
II Guzik got away with lot. and
Evening star., 1952-01-20
By Howard [. Dutkin

A meek-looking little man who
could lose himself in q small crowd
held up his right hand in q Capitol
Hill hearing room last week and
told the Senate District Crime Com
mittee that his name was Enmitt
Warning and that he lived at 3900
Macomb street NV.
That was about the last bit of
concrete information the reputed
Washington numbers kingpin fur
nished the committee. The next
question. politely asked by the COM
mittee's curly-haired, large-eared
counsel, Arnold Bauman, dealt with
the amount Of money MIR. Warrine
paid for his home.
Courteously, Mr.. Warning replied
"Sir, would like to decline to answer
that question on the ground that it
might tend to incriminate me in an
income tax case in court"
In subsequent hours Of testimony.
the witness stuck to that story.
usually shortening 1t to, IT decline
to answer the question" and some
times eagerly breaking in with his
refusal before the complete question
had been asked.
Roneor Locking
There was no rancor on either
side. Mr.. Bauman asked his oues-
tions in q quiet tone. getting them
into the record. Mr.. Warning was
equally soft-voiced in his replies
If they could be called replies. At
his elbow, Mr.. Warnings attorney,
Charles F. Ford. beamed approval on
the proceedings.
Washingtonians, watching the
show at their television sets or read
ing the examination in their news
papers. may have marveled at the
urbanity with which the questioning
was conducted. Actually, there was
no mystery about it.
The witness was taking ADVANTAGE
OF a principle of American law-and
OF British common law behind it
that q man cannot be required to
give evidence against himself, or to
make statements which he believes
would incriminate him. The wit
ness himself is the sole Judge as to
what he thinks is incriminating.
This guarantee OF rights against
self-incrimination under the Fifth
Amendment to the Constitution re-
Gently has been strengthened in a
series Of important court decisions.
= MIR. Warning and Mr.. Ford undoubt-
edly had these decisions in mind as
they thumbed their noses so politely
at the committeeman the Senators
undoubtedly had them in mind as
they took it. -.
Guzik Decision
The latest affirmation of a wit
ness prerogative occurred last week
in District Court here. Judge Ed
ward A. Tamm was reluctant to rule
as he did. but he upheld the con-
tention Of Jacob Greasy Thumb"
Guzik, Chicago underworld baron,
that he might have incriminated
himself If he had answered questions
asked by the Kefauver crime probers
last year.
Greasy Thumb went pretty far
afield. In the opinion Of many OBJ
servers, in finding possible incrimina-
tory matter In replies he might make.
He refused, for example. to tell the
Kefauver group how old he was and
how long he had lived In Chicago.
= But Judge Tamm said that was his
right: that he had not been in con-
Evening star., 1952-01-20
The Primaries
They Can Cost Man the Nomination,
But They Can Never Win 1t for Him
By jones E. Roper

The presidential primaries are here
again-and once more these mys-
terious elections may prove to be
political booby-traps for hopeful
candidates. The trouble with the
primaries is that they can cost an
aspirant his party's nomination but
they cannot win 1t for him.
Never in q half-century Of pri-
maries has a winning candidate been
able to say: II was nominated for
President only because won in the
primaries"
Strong showings in primaries have
helped some candidates, Of course.
but the balloting has destroyed others.
Wendell Willkie dropped his race for
the Republican presidential nomina-
ton in 1914 when he suffered an
embarrassing defeat in the Wisconsin
primary. Four years earlier. Willkie
did not enter o single primary-but
got the q. o. p. nomination anyway.
The strange effects of the pri-
maries are no more strange than the
elections themselves. Almost every
one Ia different.
lneoncIusive Samples .-...
Sixteen States hold such elections.
Generally, each is intended to let the
Democratic and Republican voters
indicate their favorite candidates for
President. But the voting cannot
be conclusive because too few States
hold primaries. Then, too, local
procedures fog up the issue.
In some States voters cast ballots
directly for the man they would like
to nominate. In others, the voters
elect delegates to the national nomi-
mating conventions.
Some delegates promise before
, hand to support o particular man at
the nominating convention. Some
States allow the delegates to change
their minds after they are elected.
Some delegates don't make any prom
ises at all.
Maryland confounds the confusion.
Marylanders vote for members Of q
State convention. The State conven-
ton then picks delegates to the ma
tional convention and usually in
structs them to back a particular
presidential candidate "as long as in
their conscientious Judgment there is
any possibility Of his being nomi-
mated"
Poyoff in July
All of this sets the stage for
riotous politicking between now and
the Republican National Convention
starting July z and the Democratic
National Convention starting July 81.
Both conventions to nominate presi-
Dental candidates win be held In
Chicago.
The first primary comes up March
II in New Hampshire. There, the
Republican and Democratic voters
will indicate direct preferences for
presidential candidates ~ and also
elect delegates to their respective
national conventions. These dele
gates may or may not be pledged to
support any particular candidate.
Other primaries follow In this or
der: Minnesota, March 10; Wisconsin
and Nebraska, April !: New York. In