davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-06-22

headed United States. May
18th, 180O," addressed, Gentle
men of the Senate" reading, II
nominate William H. Harrison
of the North Weftern Territory
to be Governor of the In
diana Territory" The reporter
searched in vain for documents
signed by Mr.. Harrison after he
became. in 1841, our ninth
President. Possibly the fact
that Mr.. Harrison died only 81
days after taking Office has
something to do with the Short
age of Harrison papers.
'Yr. No. !Ob. Serv.'
Most of the jefferson papers
were written entirely in his own
hand and too long for quoting,
or even briefing; but the re-
porter was interested in the
conclusions of his letters, which
went, invariably:
II have the honor to be, with
the most respectful considera-
ton. sir, yr. mo. OBJ. serv.'
An overwhelming sense of
living history. of almost per-
Sonal contact, rose up from
these documents signed-and in
some cases written from Begin
ming to end-by great person.
alities of Americas earliest
days as they went about the
homely little duties of steering
the newly launched ship of
state. Your reporter, who had
become obse ssed by the
thought. 'It wasn't so very long
ago." found himself drawn back
again and again to the papers
signed by Washington.
One. dated MAY the 18th,
1892" appointed "Otho H. Will
liams, of Maryland, to be Briga-
dier General, vice Morgan, de-
clined" and John Webb, Junr.,
of Virginia. to be Cornet, vice
Fleming, promoted"
Another, and the last to be
quoted here. was selected by
Evening star., 1952-06-22
How 77o-to-1 Shot Paid off for Les BiffIe

Mr.. Frazier as being Of un-
usual interest, because the fine
paper on which it was written
bore the circular watermark Of
Washington's personal seal. It
was dated May the 9th 1892, I"
addressed. like most Of the
others, to Gentlemen Of the
Senate" and read: II nominate
Tench Coke, Of Pennsylvania,
to be Commissioner Of the Rev.
enue-and Joseph Howell. Of
Pennsylvania, to be Accountant
to the Department Of War-and
Caleb Swan. Of Massachusetts,,
to be PaymaSter of the Troops
and to reside with the Army" !"
It was signed
Evening star., 1952-06-22

WIN Cne NaL1On soon TO pe
deluged-by radio. TV and press
with the fabulous phantas-
magoria of two national con-
ventions, let's turn the spotlight
back to the day when there were
no nominating conventions, no
delirious delegates yelling them
selves hoarse at every mention
of their candidates name
when presidential nominees
were picked by King" Caucus,
the most powerful boss in the
history of American politics.
From 1900 to 1923 King Cau-
Gus ruled supreme. Nomination
by caucus was tantamount to
election.
King Caucus was not a real
political boss, Of course-not
the cigar-smoking, checkered-
vest, pot-bellied kind. He was,
rather, an institution, made up
of the members of the majority
party in Congress. He was, in
reality, not a man at all, but
a smoke filled room incarnate.
Because Of the secret, auto
cratic fashion in which this
congressional caucus dished
out the presidency. the "Vir-
ginia dynasty" Jefferson, Madi-
son, Monroe) was able to
stay in the White House for
"a years. Jefferson had literally
wiped out the Federalists in
the election of 1900, leaving but
one national political party in
the field. the Republicans (now
Democrats). Holding absolute
control Of his party. and thus
of Congress. Jefferson likewise
controlled the caucus. The pub
lie of this Republic had simply
nothing to say about the Ma
tion's top job.
But for the rising protest Of
the people against a secret sys-
tenn that gave them no voice in
the nomination or election of
their President, the caucus
might still be in effect.
The Kings Murder
In 1924 King Caucus was done
to death In cold blood and the
people cheered the murder. He
was slain by the most engaging
trio of personalities in American
history-a two-gun man from
the West, Andrew jackson; q
suave, poker-playing. whisky
drinker. Henry Clay, and a cold,
puritanical New Englander. John
Quincy Adams. All three had
wanted to be President. King
Caucus had said no.
The Constitution provides the
method of electing q President,
but fails to specify how to
nominate him. The politicians
had to figure this out for them
selves. There were no nomina-
tions in the first two presiden-
tial elections. 1888 and 1892.
Washington was the unanimous
choice.
On the eve Of Washington's
retirement in 1896. however. the
politicians split into two rival
camps, the Federalists and the
Republicans. Meeting In deep
secrecy. the Federalist members
of the Senate and House Of
Representatives picked John
Adams and Thomas Pinckney as
their standard bearers. Getting
wind of this the Republicans
gave the nod to Thomas Jeffer-
son and Aaron Burr. Thus.
King Caucus usurped the power
to make Presidents.
The caucus stems back to pre-
Revolutionary days. It origi.
Evening star., 1952-06-22
King Caucus biggest Boss Of All

his turn at the presidency
would come.
Came 1924. Monroe would
soon be out. Crawford expected
to move it. Suddenly. to his
dismay, a swarm of rival cam
didates appeared. There were
four: Jackson, Clay. John
Quincy Adams and John CAL
houn. 1t was competition that
couldn't be brushed of lightly.
All four challenged the right Of
the outmoded caucus to make
the next President. But none
of them dared pit his chances
against Crawford in the caucus.
These leaders of the revolt be.
gan carrying their election ap-
peal directly to the people for
the first time in the history Of
the presidency.
To make matters worse for
Crawford, he was Unexpectedly
stricken with paralysis. Unable
to hit back at his competition,
he still clung to the promise Of
King Caucus that he would be
the next President.
On July IA, 1924, the last cau-
Gus opened. Only 81 out Of 261
Congressmen were present. The
balloting gave Crawford 64 votes.
Adams 2 and jackson !. But
the people. whipped up by the
other candidates, simply refused
to accept this inconclusive nom
ination.
A wild scramble for votes en-
sued. Jackson, Clay. Adams and
Calhoun went all-out for votes.
The paralytic Crawford simply
sat and hoped. He refused to
believe the caucus was dead.
The first real presidential cam
paign followed, with the candi-
dates getting out and beating
the buSheS-and each other
for votes. These four big-time.
high-powered candidates simply
tore each other to pieces. Issues
were shelved in favor Of SANDER
GUS attacks on personalities.
Wide-Open Choice
In December, when the elec-
toral votes were counted, Jack
son led the field with 80. Adams
came next with "a. the stricken
Crawford IL and Clay 81. Cal
houn had already decided that
the vice presidency would sat
isfy his ambitions. There being
no majority choice (131 votes
were necessary, the election
was thrown into the House Of
Representatives, which met on
February 8. 1925.
Crawford hung on desperate
". He still believed in King
Caucus. Tottering. inf1rm Of
speech and sight Che was only
5D, they brought him to the
Capitol and exhibited him be-
fore the House began balloting.
He was a melancholy sight.
On the @irst ballot, the House
selected John Quincy Adams.
William H. Crawford, expectant
heir to the presidency, passed
into the limbo Of American poll
tics arm in arm with the once
omnipotent King Caucus. Had
the election come one term
sooner, Crawford would have
been President. But that is just
one of the might-have-beens Of
American history.
In 1929, the State legislatures
nominated presidential candi-
dates. That was the race that
Andrew jackson won. Finally,
in 1832-before Jackson's second
term-the forerunner Of the
present hot, noisy and frantic
national convention was born.
Evening star., 1952-06-22
By Charles Cooke

The story of 1,000-to-1 shot
Or, more accurately. the story
Of a 779-to-1 shot-lies behind
the announcement. made earlier
this week, that a bundle Of old
documents had been discovered
in the Capitol building. It's
true the papers were mainly
about routine matters, such as
convocations of Senate meet
ings. nominations Of people to
be auditors. surveyors. ensigns.
generals, etc., but it so happened
they were all signed &c.
Washington" John Adams"
Thomas Jefferson" James
Monroe" Martin Van Buren,"
James K. Polk" Zachary Tay-
lor," etc.
The documents are. in a word.
priceless.
Through the courtesy Of Les
lie Biff1e, the Secretary Of the
Senate, who was reported in the
press to have discovered them,
this reporter was permitted to
examine them at leisure the
other morning and to learn the
slightly fantastic but gospel true
story behind the discovery of the
papers-which will end up, Of
course, at the Library Of Con-
gress or in the National Ar
chiveS.
On arrival at the Capitol, your
reporter was greeted by Mr..
Biffle, and Immediately turned
over to Emery l.. Frazier! chief
clerk of the Senate. This is
the man who can tell you all
about it." Mr.. Biffle said. and
vanished.
Where X Marks the Spot
Mr.. Frazier had a large ma
nila envelope under his arm.
"I suggest you look them over
first" he said. "Then I'll take
you to where K marks the spot"
In q conference room off
Mr.. Bifle's Office, Mr.. Frazier
opened the envelope and took
from it two bundles of yellowed
papers, each bundle about an
inch thick and tied with ribbon
of such a delicate shade Of pink
that it was hard to tell it wasn't
white.
THAT was red tape" re-
marked Mr.. Frazier, "a century
and a half ago."
Selecting them with care, he
unfolded a dozen or so of the
50-odd documents and spread
them out on the conference
table.
The reporter. naturally, and
with a proper sense Of awe.
reached first for those which
bore the signature, &C. Wash
ington."
The earliest one was headed.
in brown ink on surprisingly
well-preserved paper: "2nd Con-
gress. 4th Session. Notifica-
ton to the Vice President that
a Senate shall be convened"
The text ran, in a different
handwriting: philadelphia,
Evening star., 1952-06-22

placing it by coffee or tea is
harmful"
Ice Creom One
For years. disputants have
argued the efficiency Of ice
cream as a cooling agent. Pro-
sundae debaters point trium-
phantly to ice creams sugar
content. Sugar Is an energy
rich food, they trumpet, and
energy rich foods stimulate
metabolism. Thus (here comes
a one-two punch) ice cream not
only cools the customer in
summer but warns him in
winter.
DR.. Lynch is unswayed by such
reasoning. He says he doesn't
hold any brief against the stuff,
but neither does he see special
virtue in 1t as o cooler, except
psychologically.
BuiIt-in Thermostot
Our summer comfort is large
ly controlled by our metabolism.
We've got a pretty efficient
thermostat." DR.. Lynch said.
TITS a gland in the brain called
the hypothalamus. It's q tiny
thing"
The tiny gland does a big job
telling its fellow organs when to
open the furnace draft or turn
on the window fans. sending
bulletins and co-ordinating ac-
tivity.
The hypothalamus isn't infal-
lible. though. It can be deluded.
A university physician warned
that an overdose of iced fluids
can trick the little fellow. When
you sluice q lot of chilly liquid
into your gizzard. he said. the
brain gets q message that the
blood in the stomach is too cold.
Metabolism headquarters issues
an order to the body to warm
up, the outposts respond like
good soldiers. and you get
hotter.
All consultants are agreed on
the best type of clothing for
summer. 1t should be porous
and light both in weight and
color. Color. of course, figures
in because black absorbs heat
and white reflects it.
Districts SpecioI Problem
And now for humidity. "Hu-
midity is the gimmick in WASH
ington," DR.. Lynch said. Its
one of the most humid towns in
the country. especially among
the seaboard cities"
Our towns atmosphere Is 30
heavily charged with moisture
it can't accept much from US.
Our perspiration doesn't evapo-
rate. It stays and stays.
One final bit of advice:
Doctors say persons who get
plenty of rest In the summer
are more comfortable than ones
who don't. They recommend a
midday nap but admit the pre-
scription is impractical for most
of us.
editors Note: The above
beat-the heat remedies may
work. However, MIR. Rodgers
wrote the first 800 words of this
article at his own desk, then
crept into an conditioned Of
flee to finish it,
Kodiak mirror., 1952-02-02

this week. He urged them to make their payroll reports and remittances due for all quar- ters of 1851 by midnight, January 31. if they wish to save money.
 For employers to receive full credit. 9O% against the
Kodiak mirror., 1952-02-02

The James O'Hara, MSTS vessel, was in and out of Ko- diak Naval Station this week. The Palisana arrived at the base this week with freight.
Kodiak mirror., 1952-02-02
Early PayToH Reports
 5 SaveEE11pIeyeFs Money

Promptness in submitting quarterly payroll reports to the Employment Security Commission will save employ e CTS money. John T. McLaugh- lin. executive director. said
Kodiak mirror., 1952-02-02

Mrs. Bob Rice has been in Seattle for several days. She is expected te return to Ko- diak this week.
Kodiak mirror., 1952-02-02

S% Federal Unemployment the Federal government the Tax payros for 195 pay amount of payroll taxes paid mens must be made to the This nsures all employers of Employment Security Com receiving full federal as well mission box 2661 Juneau as territorial credit Credit Alaska before the last cannot be certified for unpaid day of this month amounts.
Kodiak mirror., 1952-02-02

The agency will certify to
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
Naval Housing
Contractors Ask
For FILA Approval
Conlr,lcscd tJnits To
BE Opened When
Requirements Are Met

The Algernon-B Blair Company,
general contractors for the navy
housing projects on Dredgers Key
and in the Army Barracks Area.
requested city commissioners at a
meeting last night to report to the
f. H. A. that city building code re-
quirements have been met in the
completed buildings OF the projects
and that they are ready Tor occup-
ancy.
The contractors presented the
request in a letter to the city COM
mission. The letter asked that
clearance he given the project, its
electrical work and plumbing work
and asked that City Manager Dave
King write the f. H. A. that all
requirements have been fulfilled.
The commissioners voted that
the city manager be authorized I'd
comply with the request in this fct-
ter for both the Dredgers Key and
III, Army Barracks .proiectss PRO,
Hding that the building eodeg cleo
trical code and plumbing code had
been complied with insalf RESPECTS
II Apparently all f&alkehfcnts
have been met, said a city COM
missioner this morning, with the
exception of codes on some plumb.
ing connections on which adjust.
ment may have to be made.
City commissioners discussed
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
Coast Guard Reseues Eight Survivors .om ng Ereghter
Rescued Men
Being brought
To Key Vest
Port By CG

Coast Guard patrol boat
834O3 picked up the eight
survivors from the sinking
freighter Let 543 at 3
o'clock this morning about
30 miles northwest of Ha.
wanna.
The survivors, the com.
plete crew of the convert.
ed Navy landing craft, had
abandoned their ship and
were in a life boat waiting
their rescue.
The 83403 was dispatched from
here about $40 o'clock Yesterday
afternoon 1t Glenn Pearson, Coast
Guard Captain Of the Port reports,
The Ariadne, the Key West ports
l65 foot cutter, was cnroufe to
Key West from Miami and was
diverted to the scene OF the sink
ing. Reports from the scene this
morning relate the los foot Let is
standing on end, barely kept
afloat in the rough waters by an
air pocket. The Cuban Frigate An
tonic Maceo, the Ariadnc and the
83403 are standing by the hulk
waiting for it to sink or waiting
Coast Guard orders to sink it with
gunfire.
The survivors probably will be
brought TO Key West.
The Let, which was carrying a
cargo Of machinery, was cnroute
from Key West to Havana when
the crew reported to the Coast
Guard, that they were taking on
water, the bulkhead was cracking
and the pumps were not working.
The Cuban Frigate, reported at
$50 O'Clock this morning that they
had reached the sinking vessel,
but could find no survivors. They
later reported an American Coast
Guard vessel had picked up six
survivors. A check with the Coast
Guard headquarters here reveals
that eight survivors were aboard
the Coast Guard patrol boat.
Small craft warnings are up in
that area, however, Ii. Pearson
Continued On Page Eight
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
Montrea! Paper Phones
Citizen That LeMay Is
Not On Way 1oKey West
Total OF 1900
County Voters
Expected In so

More than 1900 citizens have
come into register for the May
primary and election at the Of.
flee If Sam Rinder, Supervisor
Of NsSissfsfion.
PiKaes keeps his office open
ssfOt1sy aMornings to sceonao-
dsss' me steSdy stream Of new
Mcnfoe county voters who are
eager to sign up before fhe
April registration deadIine.
A total Monroe county voting
strength Of about 1000 is ex-
pected in 1852, Pinder said. This
means that about $500 new re.
sisirants viii have signed up by
April 5.
Pinder is working with fwo as
sistants TO register Key Westers
and those below Marathon. IsIa-
nnorada, Tsvernier and Mara
fhon have their own deputy re-
gistrstion clerks who are doing
The lob on fhe Keys.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
DuUaI County
Bond Jumper
arrested Here

Constable Harry johnson ar
rested Van 81 Martin here yes,
terday for jumping bond in
Jacksonville.
Bond had been posted for Mar
tin following an automobile ac-
cident in Duval County.
Martin was held in the city
jail here, pending the arrival of
Duval County Deputy Sheriff.
w, Floyd Of Jacksonville, who
took him back to Jacksonville
last night.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
Spends 2 Hours
On Beach To-day:
Political Talk
Nearly Complete
BY SUSAN McAvoY

~ 49, sssAkN &se@AN ~
President Harry Truman
will end his llih working
vacation Thursday when
he leaves Key West i'm the
middle of the day, Presi-
DENTAL Press Secreiar. Joe
Short said al the noon
press conference today at
BOO l28.
Tho President hasl al.
ways planned 10 leave aa
Thursday, Short said. This
will give him time to pre-.
pare for his imporia,li
political sI,ecch III the
JcffersonsJ rcirsuu dinner
Saturday. III Washington.
Today in Key Vests tempelp-
ture of 81 degrees the President
spent the longest morning so far
on the beach. He went down ali
10 and was still there when
Short left to come up to the
press conference at IL noon.
He also swan longer today. ono
half hour, than on any previous
day Of this vacation. Short said.
! After lunch he was to spend
more time with his weekend
guest Clark Clifford. former gen
eral counsel of the White House.
who flew in last night to Key
| West.
Short docged questions BY
White House correspondents on
the content OF the Frank Nc
Kinney press conference which
was for all practical purposes
repudiated by the President per-
sonally when he met with news.
men on Thursday.
s. THE Chairman OF the Demo
lcratic National Committee is
actually on his own. Short said
Asf don't want 10 say any more
about II.
'rsEfcKinney had been quoted BY
White House correspondents as
psaying ct his Wednesday press
conference that the Korean
pcace-war situation would largely
decide President Truman's run
ming for reelection
The President in effect denied
this on Thursday when he said
that the Korean situation has no
bearing whatever on his decision
10 run In the 1852 campaign
! Short would not comment on
the question as TO whether d
transcript Of McKinney's Wednes-
day press conference had been
shown 70 the President before
CONTINUED On Page Two
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
Key Deer Are Distinct Species Says D..
Remington Kellogg OF US. National Museum
Vaidiiy Of
Key Deer
Has Been
Substituted /,

Some people in Monroe
County are trying to cast
away their conservation du-
ties by declaring that the
Key 'Pygmy' Deer are not a
distinct species.
They argue that the fur
Their South one goes, the
smaller the animals range
in size, and therefore were
the toy deer transported
elsewhere, its size would be
commonplace.
The opponents of the
Key deer have made .
considerable point of
questioning that the Key
deer is a distinct race and
worthy of saving.
DR.. Remington kellogg, direct
or Of the U, ,. salss4sl Museum.
has just issued the following
statement on the validity of the
Kew deer.
'The smallest white tailed
deer in eastern United States
was formerly generally distribute
ed in the southern group Of
Florida Keys. Owing to human
occupation, combined with the
disastrous effects of hurricanes,
these little deer have gradually
disappeared until few are left.
THE standing height of this
deer at the shoulder is about
81 inches as. compared to SO to
38 inches for the race tseminol-
ous) on the adjacent mainland of
Florida.
apparently the first record of
the occurrence of these small
deer on the. Florida Keys was
made by Fontenada in 1875 after
having been shipwrecked there.
Two centuries later. Romhns,
'tl775) wrote that the ! LoVdrl
Matacombe Key yields a few
deer of a smallykibd; but larger
deer bear ard stfltleav 4 Aifks hets
TO be had without going TO h1e
main Qaad of FloHda) for sthsm.
lAesqa sqs q topfs 81, lsssf az
DIRE Tifie6tt wrote in his Journal
as follows. went on shore = on
Key Vacas where our people in
a short time kiiEdIfohf deer, of
that small species, common to
some Of those islands. They were
less than our ordinary breed of
goats.
Fairly reliable reports indi-
cate that the last of these little
deer were killed on Key West
about 1892. and that they were
CONTINUED On Page Six
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
Nea0snlnn Says
Oue7lnUiILe Is
One OF Canada's
Great Detectives
By SUSAN MeAvoY

Huguette LIE May was slain,
said Deputy Sheriff James o,
Barker. and he thinks he knows
who did it.
This information was received
at I:30 yesterday BY rhone from
the Miami Bureau Of the AF
which had talked with the De-
putty in Miami.
At 2 pm. a French Canadian
voice muted by a distance Of
1000 miles, came in on the
phone from Montreal.
lie Petit Journal, large Mon
treal daily. was calling The Key
West Citizen to find out if the
grand jury had yet reported its
verdict on the disappearance OF
Mrs. lie May, 81. Canadian beau
ty who disappeared off a Keys
bridge on January 4.
The voice Of the reporter, muf-
fled by distance and a thick
French accent, came tnrougn
dimiy. he wanted to know II
there was any further news on
the blood stained robe and shovel
allcgedly produced as evidence
before the Grand Jury.
we INFORMED MN 'nai .ne
evidence presented py Barker
0L.o nsss - .s
al f .nn
Jury v0. = - ... -
@ -
49, :, -. S.,
hi,Vs.ss, a...s. -
vi 80. No., 49, 4 ,tras,
=, nu .oa;,,a 1sJo a IA 80 Nj, 80, ~, -
l had talked ak with Y, I, the two men
-. ~, 10y .s., W sa s. ~. ~ 10 49,,
NY - 80: .essl.y o .srs> -. ,s s1'
seana ' gnsa sa sn1 .rcn .b.t ,hev
.'o1N y 800 ns.a;a. 80
49, 49,.
-, ~ ..as,;,,a :. 80 - a.
- 49,. sa....; 81, ~
s,.s r..e,sh rsa.a,s;aa -,
1aaa,,a sa;a aIs .an find h;m
-. - -, 81, - so,,,a
&c.,
~, 81, -, ...,,aa.
W. saiu We lau quess,o
wheic = WIS. 70 Msy US
panu we near ny = gu iou ~.
70 florida. we near tnat DeEuty
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
Elmer Davis Here
To Work And Play

Elmer Davis, national news
broadcaster and writer who was
one Of the first to choose Key West
as his winter home back in 1924, is
here for return visit with the
White House party.
Davis is covering the nth work.
ing vacation of President Harry
Truman.
He is staying at the Casa Ma.
rina and seeing dozens of his old
Key West friends between press
conferences.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
$500 Land Sale
Made On kcys

Mr., and Mrs. Albert @. Halter
bought Tracts l, Q. and Of Sans
Souci on the Keys for $7700 accord
ing &c a warranty deed filed IN the
office of County Clerk Earl Adams.
The Halters bought the land from
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Gwynn.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-03-22
| ROOSEyELTS
! PERSONAL LOVE
OF OLD FORT
LED COMEBACK
by SUSAN McAvoY
Part nv q Series)

Fort Jefferson, once forgotten
Fort in the Dry Tortugas, SO
miles west of Key West, was