davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1952-06-07
Jury Asks Mercy
after Bringing
In Verdict OF
MansIaughter
BY JIM coss

~stN S~96
Bennett Fielding Hill was SEN
fenced late yesterday in County
Court to five years in the State
Prison at Raffcrd for the Staying
of George Hosford Hopkins.
After just Is minutes of delibera-
ton, the six member. all male
jury brought in verdict Of gull
ty' to a charge of mansIaughter.
However, the panel recommended
mercy.
The % year old sailor from the
USS Gilmore stood with bowed
head as he heard County Judge
Thomas S. Caro- pronounce sen.
tence for the killing Of the SO year
old winter visitor whose brutally
beaten body was found early on the
morning of Feb. End on the side.
walk at the north end Of Simonton
street.
The mother OF the convicted
youth wept silently after the jury
announced it's verdict and as Judge
Caro- delivered a stern but father
" lecture 10 the ssar9an. 'uho, IN
seven page, signed confession
statement had admitted to beating
the victim with his fists following
an alleged lewd act. The parents
of the convicted Navy man, Mr..
and Mrs. Herbert Hill. of Glouces-
ter City. New Jersey had stood by
their son during his trial. Hill
could have drawn a 20 year sen.
tence on the manslaughter charge.
He viii be eligible 10 apply for pa.
role after one third Of his sentence
is served. In his charge to the Jury,
Judge Caro- instructed them to
bring in verdict of second de-
gree murder, manslaughter or
auuittal.
In one hour OF final argument,
marked by frequent verbal fire.
works between County Solicitor A.
Ian B. Cleare and Attorneys VIII
liam v. Albury and Enrique Es-
quinaldo, the defense attempted to
show that Hill had moral right
TO defend his honor and pointed Qua
that the absence Of a death wea-
pom should clear the sailor since
the brawny sailor had admitted 70
beating Hopkins only with his fists.
DR.. Aubrey c. Hamilton, who con.
Quoted the autopsy had testified
earlier that Of the Is separate le.
sions found on the head and face
OF the deceased, many could have
been caused only by blows from q
blunt instrument. However. Hin
steadily maintained that be used
only his fists in the attack.
Solicitor Cleare in his summas
ton, praised the work Of the Ken
West Police and Monroe County
Sheriffs Departments for theia
work in investigating and solvlnk
the crime. The only states witness
yesterday was Chief Sheriffrs De.
putty Tommy Dixon Who told a
Hills confession 10 beating The
Connecticut hotelman after thev
were seen In several local bars. 4
tape recording d this eonfessioa
was introduced earlier in the trid
as evidence.
Hill took the stand Friday 10 te1
his story of what happened on The
morning Of Feb. End. Freely a
hitting 10 hitting the older maa
Hill at one point remorsefully said
II never meant 10 kill that muA
/ only wish he were here today
Hill wfil remain Ia the Monroe
County Jail where he has been heA
Continued en- Page Fivel
Evening star., 1952-06-29
Price-Fixing Measure
Loses Senate Priority
BY the Assoeiated Press

A disputed bill to put new Gov.
eminent teeth in State laws for
bidding bargain sales of items
whose prices are advertised by The
producers lost its right of way il
the Senate yesterday.
Senator Mcfarland Of Arizona
the Democratic floor leader anc
the man in charge of the sched.
ule. announced there was no as
surance the bill would get back
the priority.
Senator Mcfarland said he
feared f1libuster against the
measure might upset congressional
plans to quit work before the ma
tional political conventions.
He sidetracked the bill to make
way for a military spending bill,
and told the Senate he would
promise only that 1t will be re-
scheduled for action IF we can"
Backers of the bill call it "fair
trade" legislation. It's opponents
call it price fixing. It would vail
date provisions in State laws
which declare that one or more
merchants. by agreeing not to
change the prices Of items which
are price fixed and advertised by
the producers. can bind all others
In the State to refrain from price
quitting them.
The Supreme Court held last
year that non-signers may not be
bound by their competitors under
present law. The decision set off
Nationwide round Of bargain
sales.
Evening star., 1952-06-29
Soviet Leaders Look
On YaIu Bomb Raids
As Propaganda Issue
By Thomos P. Whitney.


MOSCOW, June %. - Soviet
leaders may make American
bombings Of Yalu River power
plants a major. issue and wage
the same kind of bitter campaign
they have on charges the United
States has engaged in germ war
fare in Korea.
Western observers saw this pos
sibility IN newspaper headlines
here today. The Communist Party
newspaper Pravda called the
bombings IAN intentional effort
to prevent the establishment of
peace in Korea"
The government newspaper L.
vestia said accusingly: "Wall
Street does not want to end the
war in Korea"
The 8. Kremlin apparently is
awaiting an official report from
the North Koreans and Chinese
Communists on the American
air strikes against hydro-electric
plants near the Yalu River boun-
dary.~. e..
The Peiping radio said the
American bombing was intended
to wreck the truce talks and ex-
tend the Korean war" The bomb
ing, the Peiping radio said, was
the most heinous crime in his
tory"
Pravda reported "the world pub
lie is protesting against the bar
barous American bombings."
From the way this reaction is
being reported here, observers said,
the Russians would probably agree
the North Koreans and Chinese
have plenty Of reason. for break
ing off truce talks.
OF great interest here is the de-
bate in the British House of Com
mons on the bombings. The critic
ism by former Prime Minister
Attlee and left-wing Labor Party
Leader Aneurin Bevan is being
interpreted by Soviet chiefs as
one Of the surest signs yet of
growing differences between the
United States and Britain.
Evening star., 1952-06-29
Archbishop Speaks !.
|Af School Dedication
spseioI Dispatch 10 The stor


STATEN ISLAND, N. Y, June
28.-There is no substitute foi
religion In the field of child care
the Most Rev. Patrick A. O'Boyle
Archbishop of Washington, as
serted here today.
Archbishop O'Boyle spoke al
dedication services for new facili-
ties at Mount Loretto-a Catholic
farm-school- home for needy chill
dren.
The Archbishop, who was di-
rector of Mount Loretto from
1886 to 1943, warned there are
those who insist that religion
should play no part in the field
of child care"
World affairs today, he declared
should convince any thinking
person that man -. should not
set himself up as god. or even
as a temporary deity. It should
convince even the most, stubborn
that, while children can and dc
benefit from the findings of psy-
chology and psychiatry-these are
never a substitute for religion"
Evening star., 1952-06-29
6mulI Industry Less Sufe

NEW YORK. (P).-Industrial
accidents cost the Nation $2.6 bill
lion a year and most occur in
small manufacturing plants with
100 or fewer workers. reports the
National Association of Mutual
Casualty Companies. It said two
thirds Of the industrial accidents,
which resulted in 10000 deaths
and injuries to 2 million persons,
occurred in the smaller plants.
Evening star., 1952-06-29
{ Communists Accuse Allies
Of ProIonqinq Korea War
BY the A..eeiated Press

~ UtS ASSoeioIeo EboSS
MUNSAN, Sunday June 90
The Communists accused the
Allies again yesterday of prolong-
ing the Korean war by walking
out of the Panmunjom truce talks
Friday for three-day recess.
A message from North Korean
Gen. Nam II, chief Communist
delegate, said the Allied delega-
ton "rudely left the conference
tent in disregard of the
resolute opposition of our side and
the ardent wish of the people of
the world for an early armistice." "
Maj. Gen. William K. Harrison,
jr.. led his colleagues out of the
session Friday after firing of end
less propaganda charges concern
ing Communist war prisoners.
Evening star., 1952-06-29
Heads Sumurit1ns Order

ALLENTWON. Pa, June % (P)
Charles j. Vincent, of Palisades
Park. N. j., today was elected
supreme monarchos Of the Mid.
ole Atlantic division, Ancient
Mystic order Of Samaritans. The
society is a branch of the Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows.
Evening star., 1952-05-30

the right of first refusal: to pur-
chase oil, and the right to ac-
quire land through condemna-
tion proceedings, these proyi-
sions avoid completely the main
problem. which is to make sure.
before any war comes. that our
oil resources are not dissipated.
In contrast to these provisions.
SD. Res. 20. as originally intro
duced by Senators O'Mahoney.
and Anderson, provided. in Sec.
ton z (a), that the President
could, from time to time, With
draw from disposition any un-
leased lands of the continental
shelf and reserve them in the
interest of national security.
In passing the resolution now
before me, however. the Com
gress omitted entirely this or
any other similar provision. It
is not too much to say that, In
passing this legislation, the Com
gress proposes to surrender
priceless opportunities for, con-
servation and other safeguards
necessary for national security.
! regard this as extremely un-
fortunate, and it is for this rea-
son especially that the Depart
ment of Defense has strongly
urged me to withhold approval
from S. j. Res. 20.
I urge the Congress to enact,
in place of the resolution be-
fore me, legislation which will
Evening star., 1952-05-30

ana the more recent problem re-
lating to rights in the remain
der of the continental shelf, I
should like in this message to
indicate the outlines Of what
would appear to me to be, q
reasonable solution. s
First, it is Of great Importance
that the exploration of the sub
merged lands-both in the mar
ginal sea belt, and the rest Of
the continental shelf--for oil
and gas fields should go ahead
rapidly. and any fields discov-
cred should be developed in an
orderly fashion which will pro-
vide adequate recognition for
the needs of national defense.
S. j. Res. 20, as originally
introduced by Senators O'Ma-
honey and Anderson, and as re-
ported from the Senate Com
mittee on Interior and Insular
Affairs, would have filled this.
need on an interim basis, pend
ing further study by the Con-
gress. by providing for Federal
leases to private parties for ex-
ploration and development of
the oil and gas deposits in the
undersea lands. But. as it was
amended and passed, the reso-
luton would only make possible
the development under State
control of the resources of the
marginal belt; it makes no pro-
vision whatever for developing
Evening star., 1952-05-30

provide for renewed exploration
and prudent development Of the
oil and gas fields under the open
sea, on a basis that will ade-
quately protect the national de-
Tense interests Of the Nation.
Second. the. Congress should
provide for the disposition Of
the revenues obtained from oil
and gas leases on, the undersea
lands. S. j. Res. 20, as intro
duced by Senators O'Mahoney
and Anderson, would have
granted the adjacent coastal
States 37l2 per cent of the rev.
enues from submerged lands
of the marginal sea. 7 would
have no objection to such a
provision, which is similar to
existing provisions under which
the States receive 371a per cent
of the revenues from the Fed
eral Governments oil-producing
public lands within their bor-
derS.
Another suggestion, which was
offered by Senator Hill on
behalf of himself and 18 other
Senators, was that the revenues
from the undersea lands, other
than the portion to be paid to
the adjacent coastal States
under the O'Mahoney-Ander-
son Resolution, should be used
to aid education throughout the
Nation. When you consider how
much good such a provision
Evening star., 1952-05-30

would do for school children
throughout the Nation. It gives
particular emphasis to the ne
cessity for preserving these great
assets for the benefit of all the
people Of the country rather
than giving them to q few Of
the States.
Third, I believe any legisla-
tion dealing with the undersea
lands should protect the equit-
able interests Of those now hold
ing State-issued leases on those
lands. The Government GER
tainly should not impair bona
flde investments which have
been made in the undersea
lands. and the legislation should
make this clear. Here again, S.
j. Res. 20, as introduced by
Senators O'Mahoney and And
erson. provided a sensible ap-
proach.
But unfortunately, S. J. Res
20 was converted on the floor
of the Senate into legislation
which makes a free gift of inn
mensely valuable resources,
which belong to the entire Ma
ton, to the States which happen
to be located nearest to them.
For the reasons stated above, I
find neither wisdom or neces-
sity in such a course, and I am
compelled to return the Joint
resolution without my approval.
Evening star., 1952-05-30

the resources OF the rest Of the
continental shelf.
I wish to call special attention
to the need for considering the
national defense aspects of this
matter--which the present bill
disregards completely.
In recent years, we nave
changed from an oil-exporting
to an oil-importing Nation. We
are rapidly using up our known
reserves of oil; we are uncertain
how much remains to be found;
and we face a growing depend
ence upon imports from other
parts of the world. We need,
therefore, to encourage explor-
alton for more oil within lands
subject to United States juris-
diction. and to conserve most
carefully, against any emer-
gency. a portion of our national
oil reserves.
S. J. Res. 20. as it reached me,
does not provide at all for the
national defense interest in the
oil under the marginal sea. In
deed, the latter half of the am
biguous and contradictory terms
of Section 6(a) of the resolution
appears to bar the United States
from exercising any control, for
national defense purposes or
otherwise, over the natural re-
sources under the sea. While
Section 6(b) gives the Gov
ernment, in time of war,
Evening star., 1952-05-30
Text of Trumon,s Veto MESSAGE on Bill

TeTt OF President Trumnn,s
message accompanying his veto
OF the tidelands oil bill:
TO THE SENATE OF THE
UNITED STATES:
! return herewith, without
my approval. Senate Joint Res
olution 90. entitled Joint Reso-
luton to confirm and establish
the titles Of the States to lands
beneath nayigable waters within
State boundaries and to the nat
alral resources within such lands
and waters. and to provide for
the use and control of said
lands and resources"
This Joint resolution deals
with a matter which is Of great
importance to every person in
the United States. I have stud
led it very carefully, and have
taken into account the views
and interests Of those who sup
port this legislation. as well as
OF those who are opposed to it.
/ have concluded that can
not approve this joint resolu-
ton, because it would turn
over to certain States, as a free
gift, very valuable lands and
mineral resources of the United
States as whole that is, of
all the people of the country. I
do not believe such an action
would be in the national inter-
est. and I do not see how any
President could fail to oppose it.
The lands and mineral re-
sources in question lie under the
open sea off the Pacic, the Gulf
and the Atlantic coasts of our
country. Contrary to what has
been asserted, this resolution
would have no effect whatever
on the status of the lands which
lie under navigable rivers. lakes,
harbors. bays, sounds and other
navigable bodies of water that
are inland waters. Neither would
it have any effect on the tide
landS-that is, the lands along
the sea shore which are covered
at high tide and exposed at low
tide. All such lands have long
been held by the courts to be-
long to the States or their
grantees. and this resolution
would make no change in the
situation.
The only lands which would
be affected by this resolution ex-
tend under the open ocean for
some miles seward from the
low-tide mark or from the
mouths of harbors, sounds and
other inland waters. What this
resolution would do would be to
give these lands to the States
which happen to border on the
ocean.
Evening star., 1952-05-30
Impossible to Consider
Texas Separately

The legal question relating to
ownership Of submerged lands
off the coast Of Texas may have
been different and more diff
cult than the legal question
with respect to California and
Louisiana. But the Supreme
Court decided that, when Texas
entered the Union on an equal
footing with the other States.
thereupon ceasing to be an fn-
dependent nation, it transferred
national external sovereignty to
the United States and relin-
quished any claims it may have
had to the lands beneath the
sea.
Not only has the Supreme
Court ruled upon the difficult
legal question, but. in enact
ing S. j. Res. 20. the Congress
decided that all the coastal
States should be treated in the
same manner as Texas. In view
Of this, it obviously is impos-
sible for me to consider the
resolution exclusively from the
standpoint of the unique situ-
alton relating to Texas.
AS to those parts of the Conti-
mental Shelf that lie beyond
the marginal belt that would be
transferred by S. j. Res. 20, the
States have no grounds for as
Serting claims. There can be
no claim that these lands lie
within the boundaries of any
States at the time of their adj
mission to the Union. Neither
can there be any claim of an
historical understanding that
these were State lands. More
important. the Nations rights
in those lands. as in the case
of the marginal belt, are. ma
tional rights, based upon action
taken by the Federal Govern
ment.
In 1945, the President issued
a proclamation declaring that
the natural resources of the sub.
soil and sea bed of the conti-
mental shelf beneath the high
seas appertain to the United
States and are subject to its
jurisdiction and control. This
proclamation asserts the inter-
ests of the United States In the
land and resources under the
high seas well beyond the emile
belt of territorial sea established
in JefferSon's time. This juris-
diction was, of course. asserted
on behalf of the United States
as a whole, and not just on be-
half of the coastal States.
In view Of the controversy
Of the last Is years or 90 over
the disposition Of the lands un-
DERIVING the marginal sea belt.
Evening star., 1952-05-30
Held in Trust for
Every Citizen

I see no good reason for the
Federal Government to make an
outright gift, for the benefit of
a few coastal States. of prop
erty worth billions of dollars
property interests which belong
to 155 million people. The vast
quantities of oil and gas in the
submerged ocean lands belong
to the people of all the States.
They represent part Of a price
less national heritage. This ma
tional wealth, like other lands
owned by the United States, is
held in trust for every citizen
of the United States. It should
be used for the welfare and Sc
curity of the Nation as a whole.
It's future revenues should be
applied to. relieve the tax bur-
dens of the people of all the
States and not Of just a few
States.
For these reasons, I cannot
concur in donating lands under
the open sea to the coastal
States, as this resolution would
do.
I should like to dispose of
some of the arguments which
have been made in support of
this resolution arguments
which seem to me to be wholly
fallaciouS.
It has been claimed that such
legislation as this is necessary
to protect the rights of all the
States in the lands beneath
their navigable inland waters.
It has been argued that the de-
cisions of the Supreme Court
in the California, Louisiana.
and Texas cases have somehow
cast doubt on the status of lands
under these inland waters.
There is no truth in this at all.
Nothing in these cases raises
the slightest question about the
ownership of lands beneath in
land waters. A long and un-
broken line of Supreme Court
decisions, extending back for
more than 100 years, holds un-
equivocally that the States or
their grantees own the lands
beneath the navigable inland
waters within the State bounda-
ries.
Long Island Sound. for ex-
ample, was determined by the
courts to be an inland water
many years ago. So were Mo-
bile Bay, and Mississippi Sound,
and San Francisco Bay, and
Puget Sound. Chesapeake and
Delaware Bays, and New York
and Boston Harbors, are in
land waters. The Federal Gov
ernment neither has nor asserts
any right or interest in the
lands and resources underlying
these or other navigable inland
waters within State boundaries
Neither does it have or assert
any right or interest ia the tide
lands, the lands lying between
/ the high and low water marks
Of the tides. AL this has been.
settled conclusively by the
courts.
# the Congress wishes to en-
act legislation confirming the
States in the ownership of what
is already theirs-that is. the
lands and resources under navi-
gable inland waters and the
tidelands-I shall. Of course. be
glad to approve it. But such
| legislation Is completely un-
Evening star., 1952-05-30

Instead. ] think the resources
in these lands under the sea
should be developed and used
for the benefit Of all the people
Of the country. including those
who live in the coastal States.
I would not agree to any pro-
posal that would deprive the
people Of the coastal States of
anything that rightfully belongs
to them. BY the same token,
I cannot be faithless to- the duty
I have to protect the rights Of
the people OF the other States
Of the Union.
The resources in the lands
under the marginal sea are
enormously valuable. About 235
million barrels of oil have al
ready been recovered from the
submerged lands affected by this
joint resolution-nearly all Of it
from lands off the coasts Of
California and Louisiana. The
oil fields already discovered in
these lands are estimated to hold
at least 278 million more bar
rels of oil. Moreover, it is esti-
mated that more than 21a bill
lion additional barrels of oil
may be discovered in the sub
merged lands that would be
given away off the coasts of
California, Texas and Louisiana
alone. In addition to oil and
gas, it is altogether possible that
other mineral resources of great
value will be discovered and
developed beneath the ocean
bed.
The figures I have cited relate
only to the submerged lands
which are claimed to be covered
by this resolution-that is, the
marginal belt of land which the
sponsors of the resolution say
extends seward three marine
leagues t1012 land niles from
the low-tide mark of the coast
OF Texas and the west coast of
Florida, and three nautical miles
(312 lands niles of all other
coastal areas.
The Continental Shelf, which
extends in some areas $50 miles
or more off the coast of our
country. contains additional
amounts of oil and other min
erals of huge value. One oil
well, for example, has already
been drilled and is producing
about % miles off the coast of
Louisiana.
While this resolution does not
specifically purport to convey
lands and resources of the Con-
tinental Shelf beyond mar
ginal belt, the resolution does
open the door for the coastal
States to come back and assert
claims for the mineral resources
of "the Continental Shelf lying
seaWard and outside of" this
area. The intent of the coastal
States in this regard has been
made clear by actions Of the
State legislature of Louisiana,
which has enacted legislation
claiming to extend the States
boundary u miles into the Gulf
of Mexico, and of the State
legislature Of Texas, which has
enacted legislation claiming to
extend that States boundary
to the outer limit of the Conti-
mental Shelf. Such an action
would extend Texas. boundary
as much as 130 miles into the
Gulf of Mexico.