davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-01-04

conflicting. DR.. Montague summar-
ICES the situation as follows:
Certainly aggressiveness mot al
ways hostility exists in nature, there
is also healthy non-ruthless com
petition and there exist very strong
drives toward social and co-opera-
tive behavior. These forces do not
operate Independently but together
as a whole, and the evidence strong
ly indicates that, of all these drives,
the principle of cooperation is the
most dominant, and biologically the
most important"
From the standpoint of cold blood
ed science the author then takes up
the study of man. He reaches sew
eral general conclusions, only bare
outline of which can be recorded
here:
course man has followed the same ma
tural laws as all other life. Cooper
alton has exerted the survival value
and dominating influence.
2. The new born babe is wholly
disposed to cooperation and devel-
ops this trait in the ratio that he gets
satisfactory mothering. Neglect of
his needs develops competitive, or
even a combative spirit.
3. The child's general tendency to-
ward either cooperative or a COM
petitive spirit is formed during the
first six years of life.
4. The course he will thereafter
follow depends largely on the en-
vironment with which surrounded.
More harmony develops more coop
Grafton strife. more of COM
petition.
5. The most primitive people still
living on this earth, such as Austral-
ian aborigines and Eskimos, practice
no war and strife. Their lives are
wholly cooperative.
6. In the whole human field coop
Grafton is the major natural trait
The urge to compete is largely man
made urge, not an outgrowth of ma
5ure. In the long pull of evolution
t has been cooperation and love
hat furnished the survival value and
he author says: without love there
,an be no healthy social behavior,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-01-04
what THINKERS ARE SAYING

lists have made many new and fun
damental discoveries. For severa
years past more work has been done
toward "dovetailing" all these find
ings, new and old, together. AS one
who has been engaged in these tasks
DR.. Montague now says: "The preju-
dices of a class have often been mis-
taken for the laws of nature. He
then says of modern mans concep-
ton of life as leach for himself, and
if necessary against his fellows" or
| that competition is the law of life
and the general businessman retort
''you can't make the world all plan
ned and soft-the strongest and best
will survive that's the law of ma
ture = always has been and always
will be" are views of life that are
COMPLETELY FALSE. ,se
With the cautionary explanation
that only the minima of proof can be
offered in a small book, the author
then proceeds to show that in all life
the COMPARATIVELY the COM
PETITIVE- principle prevails. There
is, he says, some competition but gen
orally a much greater area of coop
Grafton.
Starting with one cell life, from
which all other life develops, and
working upward through fungi, bac-
terra, primitive to developed plants,
minute animal life to fishes, birds
and beasts, the author finds, "the
drive to form social aggregates the
the same everywhere, and "the facts
that such diverse groups as insects
and mammals have developed social
life indicates beyond any reasonable
doubt the existence in organic life of
deep-seated potentialities toward So
or what might properly
be termed the process of forming So
,iety"
When research was transferred to
5he evolutionary field, to determine
Why some species passed out of the
picture while others grew, changed
With time and environment and re-
NAMED to become forbearers of life
hat now exists, the evidence was
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-01-04


cooperation or security. TO love
thy neighbor as myself is not simply
good text material for Sunday morn
ing sermons but perfectly sound BIO
logy."
Doctor Montague senses danger Oh
our self destruction by bombs ana
bacteria in the hands of competitive
society. He has however great 1alth
that humanity will save itself before
too late and says: "All man needs IS
change in attitude of mind. me
drives toward cooperation are all
within him and they are his dominant
drives.
He would hasten change by inten-
sive education. Specifically recon-
mended is a new course in human
relationship" Man is born for coop
Grafton not competition, or conflict
This is a basic discovery of modern
science. Such course to be based
solely on scientific fact and be as
widespread and accessible as the three
or" common school courses now are.
In fifty years or less, Darwin's ep-
och changing scientific discovery on
life development was generally ac-
cepted. Here is another far-reaching
one, launched in a time of desperate
need. The new idea should spread
like wildfire. More power to Doctor
Montague, his scientific associates,
and all who will join in a march of
AS he inquiries in con-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-01-04
TAX GRANTS TO RAILS
wNuLD PAY FOR SEAMAY

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(CNS) -
The National Farmers Union says that
railroads. the backbone of opposition
r. the proposed st. Lawrence Sea
wav. are pleading that the nation can
not afford such luxury. At the same
time. NFU says, the railroads have
aprabbed off about as much in tax
amortization" certificates from the
Government as the United States
Share of the Seaway would cost.
NFU reports that Rep. Rabaut dis
closed that railroads have received
certificates of necessity for special
fax amortization amounting to 1852
million, and have another $3.50 mil
lion pending. Total cost to the U.
s. of the Seaway is estimated at 1856
million.
NFU also points out that the power
trust, which has fought the Seaway
because much hydro-electric power
would be generated, have tax amor
tization certificates totalling 1854 mil
lion. They have applied for a total
of $2.5 billion.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-01-04
ON BEING HUMAN
A Book Review by
JEROME G. LOCKE

ON BEING HUMAN by DR.. Ashley
Montague, Chairman Department OF
Anthropology, Rutgers University
consultant and lecturer at half &
dozen institutions concerned with So
cial sciences and author of three prior
books on social science topics. pub.
Usher Henry Schuman, New York
City, Price not given).
This is a small book with big and
far reaching idea. An idea that, like
Darwin's Origin of Species, may well
bring a revolution the outlook of
man upon man. 1t is in effect, an in
PRODUCTION to much larger, multi
pie volume, work now in course of
preparation.
The author reminds US that, about
1900, Thomas Robert Nautilus, an
English scientist, published his fam
Gus Essay on Population (The NAL
thusian Theory which held that
world population was increasing at
much faster rate than world food sup
ply. 1t must then follow as a conse-
quence that human life consists of
a constant struggle for existance"
in which the weaker perpetually per-
ished. From the first edition of OAR
wins vast works on Origin of Species
(1859) the author quotes one para
graph which can handily be interpret
ed to agree with Professor Nautilus.
Subsequently this paragraph was
modified but the change came too
late.
Out of these, other scientists of the
time and particularly the English cap
italists who were emerging victori-
0usly from the Industrial Revolu-
ton" and looking for every justifica-
ton for an expanding profit sys-
tenn, created the theory that all life
IS struggle and competition with a
Survival of the fittest." This idea /
was widely scattered and the poet
rennyson even sang of Mature red
N tooth and claw"
During the past fifty years scien-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-01-04

clusion: Will you be part of the
problem, or a part of its solution?
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1952-01-04

Demand the COOP Labeli
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-09-15
Increase Grazing Capacity
By Controlling Distribution

A CONSIDERABLE increase in
grazing capacity of our native
ranges is possible if more effort
were employed to achieve proper
distribution of the livestock grazing
our ranges, say Research Assistant
Donald F. Burzlaff and Associate
Agronomist Robert L. Lang Of the
University Of Wyoming's College of
Agriculture.
Proper distribution and efficient
use of rangeland go hand in hand.
Neither can be attained unless the
other is also brought into balance"
says Burzlaff. Seattle tend to con-
centrate in areas where salt and
water are available. They will also
gather in mountain valleys or on
plateaus, avoiding sleeper sites or
areas distant from water. This re-
suits in heavy grazing on areas
where the animals concentrate and
under-utilization of much good for
age produced in areas where, due to
lack of water or the lay of the land,
the range isn't used. Also, excess
sive trampling by livestock concen-
trating in an area may damage the
range and pave the way for soil
erosion"
S Factors Control Distribution
Five factors control the distribu-
ton of grazing animals: Avail
ability of water; sailing technique;
topography and range vegetation;
adequate, wisely planned fences,
and experience and efficiency of
the riders and herders.
Foremost on the list is the avail
ability of water In rugged noun
tain areas cattle should not have
to travel more than half mile to
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-09-15

water. On gently rolling or flat
ranges, they should not have to
travel more than two and one-half
miles for water. A mature range
COW will drink from to 18 gallons
of water a day, depending on the
dryness of the forage and the days
temperature.
Sheep will drink from to 8
quarts of water daily and shouldn't
have to travel more than mile
and one-half for it IN mountainous
areas. On the plains, distance to
water can safely be increased to
three of four miles.
Thus, water requirements vary
with the kind of livestock and when
you're planning water and range
developments, you should consider
the requirements of the type of
stock to be grazing the range. Prac-
teal methods of stock water de-
velopment include improvement Of
natural waters - cleaning out ana
boxing springs and swamps and
artificial development, such as dig
ging wells and building dams and
reservoirs.
Plan Sailing Grounds
Strategic planning Of sailing
grounds is a progressive step in
solving your range utilization and
distribution problems. Salt is es-
sential to livestock, and the grazing
activities of an animal can be con-
trolled partially by proper salt
placing, Burzlaff points out "Put-
ting salt in areas where the vegeta-
ton is not being completelyRutilized
will often solve the problem. In
all cases, salt should be removed
from ranges or pastures being toe
Montana farmer-stockman., 1952-09-15

Opportunities for breeders and commercial cemen purchase
their needs the herd look the herd
the conditions under which the entire herd cared for
maintained You'll buy just what you good, downtoearh
cattle with quality and uniformity developed by years of careful
breeding. Be here, at the ranch, Saturday,
Evening star., 1952-11-20
UNIFORMS
CORSETS

100 Fonous make brossisres, long line,
cotton, nyIon royon sotin. Pink,
white and black. Sizes "a to A in
100 Famous make brossieres in cotton,
nyIon. royon and sotin in pink, white
and black. Sizes 81 to SO in the
group
4 Famous make ponty oirdtes. Sotin
lostex with front Upper. Sizes 70,
81, 80 and
Two-woy stretch oirdles and ponty
eirdles. Small, medium and loree-
" Famous make erdes in nylon, royon
sotin. Mostly boneess styles with
side Upper. Sizes 26 and 3D.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
Evening star., 1952-11-20
535 Yds. Orig. 81 to 1863
c0MBED c0TT0NS
o8e yard

FuIers' Pinwole and Moiee. Evereloze, ereose re-
sistont preshrunk, washable fall coIors
LansburohS-FABRIC CENTER-Third Floor
Evening star., 1952-11-20

prs. Fomous Make Double Woven
Cotton Gloves, mony hand sewn,
mostly dark shades, sizes 6 to 7H
in the group
prs. Double Woven Cotton Gloves,
famous make. shortie to 8-button
length. n1ony hand sewn. assorted
eolors. broken sizes
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
Evening star., 1952-05-15
u. 5. Sabre Pilot Bau,
Two MICS 10 Become
18th JET Ace in Korea
BY the Assoeioted Press

SEOUL, Korea, May 15.-An
American Sabre jet pilot today
turned a Red MIG-15 into "a ball
of flame" and shot down another
in a screaming 50-mile chase at
Itree-top level to become Amer
ica's 18th jet ace.
One other Red plane was de-
stroyed in the fight over North
west Korea in which 1t. James
H. Kasler of Indianapolis shot
down his fourth and fifth Com
munist planes. the 5th Air Force
said. -
1t. Kasler said the first plane
was "a ball of flame as he crashed
Just on this side" of the Yalu
River separating Korea from
Manchuria.
1t. Kasler then turned to aid
one of the four Sabre jet pilots
in the fight and chased a MIG
about so miles toward the mouth
of the Yalu. We were screaming
along right at tree-top level and
gave him three or four bursts
The MIG snapped over and
crashed to the ground with a ter
rife explosion"
On the 155-mile ground front
action was limited to patrol
Evening star., 1952-05-15
Red Truce Negotiafors
Say Allies Use P0Ws
In Atom Experiments
BY the Associated Press

MUNSAN, Korea, May 15.-Red
truce negotiators today accused
the Allies "of every crime in the
books" including use of prison.
ers of war for atomic bomb ex-
lperiments.
The Allies termed the charges
"transparently ridiculous"
The U.N. command communique
said North Korean Gen. Nam II
asked in 43-minute speech:
Can your side deny that the
criminal acts of insults. tortures
forcible writings of petitions in
blood, threatening, mass murder,
shooting and machine cunning,
making experiments with poison
gas, germ weapons. atomic bombs
carried out by your side are
all concrete facts?"
No Progress Made.
Vice Admiral c. Turner Joy,
chief Allied delegate, replied:
1T has been our thought that in
a very short time your propaganda
would become so transparently ri
diculous as to condemn itself. Your
statement today confirms that
judgment.
There was no progress on the
issue of prisoner exchange-the
major problem blocking a Korean
armistice. The U. N. command
says it will not force any prisoners
of war to return against their
wishes. The Reds are equally in
sistent that all prisoners be re-
turned. The Allies say only 10000
want to go back. The Communists
demand 10000.
At Communist request the truce
delegations will meet again tomor-
row in Panmunjom.
Admiral Joy again suggested a
recess until the Communists had
something constructive to say"
But Gen. Nam. in effect, dared the
Allies to break off the talks.
unless you announce officially
your disruption of this conference
we will insist on meeting to con-
tinue to explain our reasonable
proposal" the Red general said.
First Germ References.
A U. N. command spokesman
said this is the first time he recalls
the Communists have brought the
germ warfare charge to the con-
ference table. He said Gen. Nam
did not amplify his statement that
Red POWs had been used for ex-
perimentS with poison gas, germ
warfare and atomic bombs"
Gen. Nam preceded his remark
with a reference to the letter Brig
Gen. Charles F. ColSon wrote to
Communist prisoners on Koje
Island. where POWs held Elig.
Gen. Francis T. Dodd as hostage
last week.
The Red general used almost
the same words as the Red pris-
oners in their demand to Gen.
Colson that the Allies Immediately
cease "the barbarous behavior, in
suits, torture, forcible protests
with blood writing. threatening,
confinement, mass numbering, gun
and machine-gun shooting, using
poison gas weapons, experiment
object of A-bomb by your COM
mand."
Evening star., 1952-05-15
BY the Associoted Press

KOJE ISLAND. Korea, May Is.
The outspoken new commandant
of Koje Island said today you're
damned right" there will be
changed in running this turbu-
lent war prison camp, but mo
sudden revolutionary change"
After "a hours on the job, Brig
Gen. Hayden Boatner said he
thought Communist prisoners had
been treated too leniently.
Had he seen anything that need
to be changed?
you're damned right I've spot
ted some things" he said. For
one thing I don't like those insult
ing signs, and the flags and the
demands"
The signs were insulting to the
United Nations command and the
United States.
One OF Toughest Jobs.
The flags were Red banners
flying over some of the II barbed-
wire stockades holding $4,000
prisoners of war. The demands
were those made for the release
of a former camp commander
Brig. Gen. Francis T. Dodd. Brig
Gen. Charles F. Colson was re-
moved as commandant when he
agreed to some of them. His
promises were disavowed by the
U. N. command today.
"This is one of the toughest
Jobs in the Army. right here -
Gen. Boatner said.
He is the 14th officer to hold
the job in Is months.
"One of my big jobs" the
stocky general said, "is to make
certain the POWs know the
Geneva convention. And I've got
to make sure they know it from
me, not from some one out there. "
He pointed toward the stockades,
ruled by shrewd, thoroughly in
doctrinated Communists.
1--WE are going to give them
every right they have according
to the Geneva convention" Gen.
Boatner said. Were going to
give them every latitude. butt
and he tapped a copy of the
Evening star., 1952-05-15
ThereT Be Changes at Koje,
New Commander Boutner Saws

Geneva convention on his desk
this is the bible.
I'VE have given them more, in
my opinion, than required by the
Geneva convention.
Must Learn Who Is Boss.
He said the prisoners would have
to learn who is boss. But he would
take no precipitate action on this
troubled island, where two riots in
recent months cost 81 lives, one of
them an American.
Its not fair to punish any one
without warning" the veteran
Army officer said. We've got to
be fair. Punishment is deterrent.
We're not interested on the basis
of an eye for an eye"
The old China hand showed
changes were coming when he
made a tour of the island. He
Ichatted briefly in Chinese with a
young Chinese prisoner-then read
the riot act to several Sentries who
were goSsiping with each other
The guards stood stiffly at atten.
ton as the generals jeep rolled
away through the dust.
Right after Gen. Dodd wa,
seized, leaders in compound n
demanded that leaders from othel
compounds be brought in for thu
negotiations. Camp authoritie.
agreed in the hope of speeding
Gen. Dodd'S release.
While newsmen were interview.
ing Gen. Boatner five distan
shots rang out.
The general, a veteran of 3:
years in the infantry, didn't move
a muscle. His deputy. Col. Mau.
rice j. Fitzgerald, dashed from the
room. When he came back hi
said Another one came over the
fence"
A prisoner had made a break
for freedom and had been cap
tured. Two other POWs had done
the same thing earlier in the day
Informed sources said several
POWs climb over or under the
fences almost every day. They
are picked up and interviewed
Anti Communists are sent to other
POW camps,
Evening star., 1952-05-15

forces" and assurance that "in the
future the prisoners of war can
expect humane treatment.
The official disavowal of these
statements pointed out the Incl
dents referred to by Gen. Colson
were brought on some time ago by
rioting prisoners. And the De-
fense Department commented
with a note of warning, that no
further such incidents are ex-
pected unless the prisoners Gre
ate them"
Aside from its impact on truce
negotiations at Panmunjom and
its propaganda value to the Com
munists, the Koje incident brought
up questions of responsibility and
procedure under international
agreements for the handling of
war prisoners.
Evening star., 1952-05-15

cut Red rail lines at 1870 places
yesterday, silenced 80 guns, dam
aged a locomotive. destroyed five
rail cars and fired Is buildings.
Ten Okinawa- based B-29s last
night dropped 100 tons of bombs
on the Singhung rail bridge in ex-
Itreme northwestern Korea. The
American bombers met meager
Ianti-aircraft fax over the target.
A single Superfort ran into
moderate enemy fire in a bomb
run on the Hungnam chemical
plant in northeastern Korea. The
plant is used as a storage area.
Evening star., 1952-05-15

here only nine months, what hap-
Ipened.
Fire Department officials ques-
toned Mr.. Ibrahim. They re-
leased him after he convinced
them he was telling the truth
when he said he thought the red
fire box was a public telephone.
A Guatemalan woman ran into
the same trouble a few weeks ago.
She. too. tried to make a phone
call at fire box. Her experience
was at Fourteenth and Euclid
streets NV.
Mr.. Ibrahin. who lives at 81
Rhode Island avenue NV, works
Iat the DGS warehouse.
Evening star., 1952-05-15

skirmishes and artillery firing.
Forty Reds were killed near
Chorwon on the western front
when two Communist platoons hit
an advance Allied position. The
Reds were repulsed in an hour
and a half fight.
On the central front near the
Pukhan River. SO Reds were killed
in an hour skirmish. Allied artil-
lery silenced a Red platoon as
saulting a U. N. post north of
Kumhwa.
Light patrol stabs by the Reds
on the eastern front were beaten
back with the aid Of artillery.
The Air Force said its planes
Evening star., 1952-05-15
'PoIestinion Seeking Telephone
I'm Fire Box Gets Usual Result

Adeeb Saleh Ibrahim put in a
call yesterday at North Capitol
and H streets and got an answer
while he was still looking for the
telephone. The reason: He tried
to put nickel in a fire alarm
box.
Mr.. Ibrahim was still pulling
levers and trying to open doors
in the fire alarm box in his search
for the telephone when three en-
Igine companies, truck company
the rescue squad and battalion
chief answered his call.
A passerby who had watched
the scene explained to the 81.
Iyear-old Palestinian who has beer