davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-05-25

ance. his towering prestige, there
would have been no Constitu-
ton. He and Benjamin Franklin,
the next most radiant figure,
showed the way.
Twelve States had appointed
"a deputies" to take part in re-
vamping the Government. but
only 55 showed up. One State.
Rhode Island, ignored the pro-
ceedingS entirely. The New
: Hampshire delegation did not
appear until the convention was
half over. Franklin, 81, was the
Oldest; Jonathan Dayton, 26,
the youngest. The average age
was AZ.
OF the SIS who trickled in, IA
became disguised and went
home before. the finished prod
uct was agreed on. Three more
refused to sign the final docu-
ment. Thirty-eight put their
John Hancocks on it. OF these,
one signed for himself and an
absentee deputy. bringing the
signatures to 80.
Thirty-four Of the trainers
were lawyers or versed in law:
8 were merchants or bankers.
3 physicians, 2 ministers of the
gospel, 6 planters. Among the
trainers were 2 future PreSi-
dents Of the United States, l
future Vice President, 4 cab
met members, 10 Senators and
IA members of the House of
Representatives. Eight were
signers of the Declaration of
independence. 18 had fought in
the Continental Army.
They worked or talked from
6 to 10 hours day for at
least 20 days. They placed a
50-year seal Of secrecy on their
proceedings. They did this to
shut of premature Judgment Of
their labors. Only the inde-
fatigable James Madison took
notes which he transcribed and
expanded nightly. His widow.
Dolly Madison, sold these notes
to the Government in 1887 for
$4,000. They are our chief
source Of information on the
origin Of the Constitution.
Virginia Delegation
Virginia's delegation was the
most distinguished on the fioor.
OF the seven members, two-law
professor George Wythe and
medico James McClung-got
tired and went home. Two
Others. Edmund Randolph, first
Attorney General under the
Constitution. and George Ma
son. author of Virginia's Decla-
ration Of Rights. stayed to the
end but withheld their sigma
lures. The great Patrick Henry
refused to be q deputy because
he "smelI't q rat Only three
signed the Constitution for Vir-
ginia: George Washington,
James Madison and the little
known John Blair.
. =
On May 20. Edmund RAM
dolph touched of the great de-
bates by presenting the Virginia
plan, drafted by James Madison.
There was New Jerseys plan,
and Connecticut's compromise.
From these the Constitution was
slowly evolved.
The founding fathers had
worries about presidential pow
ers similar 10 those expressed
Evening star., 1952-05-25
Roads.

The planners are plugging q
comparatively new idea for the
Nations highway system.
Dire a m s of superhighways
spanning the continent are be-
ing showed aside in favor Of
taking care Of worst things first.
The plan-in use in some To-
calitieS for several years and
now being promoted nationally
with a new zeal-would give
roads and streets grade cards
like junior gets in school.
The engineers would take a
look at the grade card for q
particular route and tackle the
bad spots. It would serve an
other purpose. The taxpayer
could look at the grading and
see what he's about to pay for
under proposed improvements.
It's based on the idea that
generally the Nations system
OF highways, although not in
ideal shape, hasn't gone to pot.
as many believe. The irri-
tating part Of driving still is the
bottlenecks: The narrow streets
OF old towns, heavily parked
streets and slow traffic lights.
Project Adequate Roods'
A group of organizations
whose members make most use
OF the highways has come to-
gether to push the plan. They
call the loosely knit associa-
ton PAR-Project Adequate
Roads.
Arthur Butler, director of the
Highway Users Conference and
permanent secretary of PAR,
explained.
"Basically," he said, "the
highway system is sound. Most
OF the trouble is in and around
larger cities, particularly in the
East, the Midwest and possibly
in California"
This does not mean that the
major between-citieS routes are
to be forgotten completely.
These still need to be improved.
relocated in many instances and
Strengthened out on the curves.
New bridges are needed.
10 the experts, the grade card
proposed to give a quick view of
what's wrong with the roads is
called sufficiency rating
whether the road can bear the
load.
Three Criteriu
Three things are checked:
Safety factors, service (trafic)
and condition Of the road. To-
tailed, these give the grade for
a certain section.
The various sections graded
are plotted on a chart, with
each mile side-by-side on the
chart.
A quick look at the ups and
downs of the sufficiency rating
gives the planners an idea of
where a section of the high
way is the worst and they can
go in and see what can be done
about it.
The new group wants to do
more than promote the suffi-
cheney rating idea. It wants to
sweep politics out Of road build
ing.
It calls for proper classifica-
tion Of roads into systems, funds
Evening star., 1952-05-25
Constitution Was Controversial 165 Years Aoo

It was 165 years ago today
that the curtain rose in Phila-
delphia on high drama, the
framing Of the American Con-
stitution, referred to by Glad
stone as "the most wonderful
work ever struck off at given
time by the brain and purpose
Of man."
Today, few Americans can
name even two of the unsung
actors in this drama who as
sembled at William Penn's City
of Brotherly Love to open the
Constitutional Convention on
May Is, 1857. Yet, most Amer
leans are pretty conversant with
the subject matter Of some of
their debates on the duties
and powers of the President.
Here had been sown one of the
seeds of the steel-seizure con-
troversy which now lies before
the supreme Court.
Actually, in meeting at Phila-
delphia. the founding fathers
did not intend to set up a new
power, but to repair an old one.
BY 1887 the inept and powerless
Confederation of States was
frayed to the breaking point.
It's Articles of Confederation,
like the deacon's one-hoss shay,
had gone to pieces all at once.
After all, they represented only
a gentlemen's agreement be-
tween the States, uniting them
against common enemy in the
Revolution.
Doleful Downing
Since the Revolution things
had gone from bad to worse.
The National Treasury was bare
and the States had deluged
themselves with paper money.
Unemployment and suffering
multiplied. Debtors prisons
were crowded. Open rebellion
flared in Massachusetts, but
the shadowy Union, ineffectively
held together by the Articles
of Confederation, was poWerless
to quench it. Disruption loomed.
Dolefully George Washington
said, mo morn ever dawned
more favorably than ours did;
and no day was ever more
clouded than the present"
On that rainy Friday in l7s7,
the convention held its first
session. They met In the State
house. now Independence Hall,
In the white-paneled chamber
already seasoned with great
drama. Here In TITS the Com
tinental Congress had nominate
ed Washington to command the
Army. Here the Declaration Of
independence was adopted and
80.
signed.
Washington Presided
On a motion by Robert Nor
ris of PennSylvania the con-
vention unanimously chose
George Washington as its pre-
siding officer. Even Washington
took a dim view Of the outcome.
Most of the earnest delegates
brought their fears, distrustS
and jealousies with them. The
small States feared they would,
be gobbled up by the larger ones
'.by addition, division and inn
poverishment."
OF those who framed the Con-
stitution, Washington was the
bright polar star, the symbol OF
union. Without his lofty guid-
Evening star., 1952-05-25
Low Unto Itself


Your reporter brought the In
terview back to parliamentary
matters by mentioning Charles
monumental Senate Prece-
dents" compilation. Charlie ex-
planned that the Senate operates
under some 40 rules. but that it
is actually a law unto itself, be-
cause 1t can do, procedure-wise,
anything 1t agrees to do.
That's why precedents are
more important than rules in
my work." he said. II may tell
the chair that something is not
permissible under the rules. He
may then rule it out. But the
Evening star., 1952-05-25

manner Of a pedagogue accus-
toned to successfully directing
the behavior of generations of
school children, ranging from
geniuSes to bratS. Nor has he,
in 48 years of close association
with the United States Senate,
lost his sense Of humor.
Poper Committee
"You might wish to make a
note of the name of the COM
mittee ! clerked for in 1911"
he said. with gentle smile. at
was called the Senate Commit
tee on the Disposition of Useless
Papers in the Executive De-
partments.' It never held a
meeting. never transacted any
business, never did one single
solitary thing of any description
whatsoever"
Your reporter must have
looked a little incredulous, for
Charlie, who is nothing if not
a precisian, whipped out an
impressive red Leather volume,
journal of the u. S. Senate,
62nd Congress. 1911" There,
sure enough, was the name OF
the committee in all its glory,
along with the additional in
formation that it had been
solemnly created by President
Taft.
ut was a purely nominal COM
mittee." explained Charlie, "set
up solely for the purpose. of
permitting a Senator-in that
case Senator Clarke-to pro-
mote his stenographer to clerk
in that case me-with a salary
differential of $400. Very neat
dodge. There were IA such COM
mittees in 1911 alone"
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
Famous COntr0ItO
Sings Tonight

Elena Nikolaidi will be guest
soloist with the Tucson Symphony
at its Jan. 18 concert in the VA
auditorium.
A star with the Metropolitan
Opera, she completely won her
listeners last year when she ap-
peared here, with her rich con-
tralto voice and eye-appeal. Nine.
Nikolaidi had offered to give a
local concert to express her per-
sonal appreciation for Tucson's
aid to Trikkala in her native
Greece. The concert was a sellout.
and new musical numbers by the
Tucson Symphony Orchestra to-
gether with selections by Nine.
Nikolaidi. About 100 players COM
prise the orchestra.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
CARPENTER
CARPET CLEANERS

WITHERS CARPET CLEAN
ERS. Expert cleaning, rebinding,
repairing; also carpet, tile, limo
leum installation, furniture clean
ing. 48 years experience. All work
guaranteed. 21O N. 4th Ave. Dial
2-2552. Evenings and Sundays
2-3834.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
By ART DAVIS

Reuben's Furniture boWlers won
first place in the first half of the
Arizona Post Bowling League
with a blazing finish by blanking
their opponents in the final two
weeks of bowling.
On Wednesday night the Furni-
ture keglers shut out a strong Ari-
zona Post five 40, while second
place Tucson Packers took three
points from Gordon Shoes. Tue
son Salvage moved into third
place with a 40 WhiteWashing of
Topps Delicatessen, while Allen
Lock won three from Skora
Leather with the last game wind
ing up in a tie, which was not dis
covered until after the final tai
lies were turned in and most of
the bowlers were on their way
home. The tie will be bowled off
next Wednesday night, when the
second half of the league bowling
gets under way.
For their efforts, the Reuben's
Furniture bowlers, captained by
Charles Haselnuss, won a beauti-
full cup.
Ike Kuropatkin led the bowlers
Wednesday night with a I'll high
game with Morris Olshansky hav-
ing the only other over-200 game,
netting a fine 210. Joe Radner
had the high series with 565 with
Kuropatkin's 548 and L. STEMS
513 and Ralph Karlin's 502 round
ing out the over-500 series.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18

ALL TYPES WIRING and re-
pairs. Motors and pump repairs.
RUSSELL Electric and Machine
Co. Established 1894. I'LL N.
18th Ave. Dial 2-4462.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
CLASSIFIED
VISITORS!

EUROPEAN trained physiO-
therapist will give Vienna hot
packs, breathing exercises for
asthmaticS, massage and exercises
for arthritis in your home. Tele-
phone 6-272O.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
ANTIQUES

ZELLE ANTIQUE SHOP-COl-
lectOr's Paradise. Antique show
every day. China, Glass, Bisque
and Dresden. 724 E. 3rd. Dial
2-2322.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
= Classified Directory -
ELECTRIC SERVICE

Kermit Oestreich Electric Co.
All types electrical contracting
service and repairs. 2143 N.
Country Club. Dial 5-1581.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
EXTERNIINATING

S. o. S. EXTERMINATING.
Kills scorpions, reaches. ants, etc.
Guaranteed year. Termite in
SpectiOn free. Dial 2-7751 or
2-7887.
The Arizona post., 1952-01-18
Reuben's Takes Top Honors In
First Half of Post Bowling League

Arizona Post, Jan. Is, 1852
Evening star., 1952-08-19
How They Got There

Teevison spectacular development the tool have
devised for happened
and vision had worked long and hard make happen
AS early 1928 Brig General David Sarno chairman Of the
board of RCA, told the company's drecors
believe that televon which is the technical for
seeing, well as hearing, by RADIO will in
due may be that broadcast receiver for
home the FUTURE will also be equipped with tele
vision adjunct by which the will make possible
for those home what going broadcast
station"
EOer that time RCA has used all its and all its
nuty to make that prediction
While great companies to put te
the that RCA NBC
'hrs' to the history of eeUsions development.
We offered the regular teevon public
Our scientists
the key without which teevion would
For instance RCA scientists developed iconoscope
the knescope the picture tube receiving
And introduced the first postwar home
teevon launched growth
We devoted than
development teleUion before
from it.
Today 18 million be tuned into 100 evsion
Coastocoast networks of stations enable go million people
fronrow seats
stations the
together with ado will be reality practically every
Evening star., 1952-08-19
6O,OOO,OOO Delegates To Chicago

For the first time in the 2Oyear history Of political conventions the
American people fhand view of how presidential cand
dates nominated.
18 million eevsion tuned in on Chicago-many
of them until 2 and o'clock in the morning.
60 million people had frontrow seats and got better
picture of what going than delegate any
reporter o the convention floor.
Because the delegates of the fact that
the of the nation literally them, the
audience played tremendous in determining
convention decisions.
In other words, h the aid of teeuon had wha amounted
to the biggest toOn meeting held
This contribution of teleuson better didn't the
teLeUison audience the political
stations and their millions of dollars.
The American public still talking about the great job the teevon
industry did, NBC has received thousands letters
the networks ESQ hours of outstanding radio and eon
of the conventions.
All these letters reveal that the public has suddenly
of the that teevin has brought
ernmen close to the people, where properly belongs
No the political campaign getting under uOay and the American
people M able and the candidates
the and and wods of through the
douO of teeUsion
And because evon American citizens will be better informed
than they before They will be able for and
ciples and not just for party labels.
That's the why people will the
November elections than other election in history.
Evening star., 1952-08-19
More And Better Television Coming!

HERE esion "6rs" the horizon.
It's bound happen that day and
vision set a to the world.
You uH be able, YOURSELF place
Of television
for life itself would be dull
Kua Ollie
and all the different things that all
AS enables thrilling
understand better than before this wonderful
We Of RCA and NBC going everything
the Uor We wM make the Transmitting
and U continue at laboratories the scientific
all hopes for the future.
Evening star., 1952-08-19

will ~ ~dh nmenb ninthe
More epeop OF in the a lent nc Congress than nevrbfu
gongt their sorytoh s
wH
in
o chinhn
las Brought lei t o he peope!
the yd fA % h his venmntH He chosa his
reported ito him
town m where hh ais to ssuldbe
a III yg he % ecompG H avrag enndh
t with ~ gt terowawa front mupople
p in nyp though h America had lost
a Il O he o danp
Of American
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Pharmacists Note Centennial
AT Birthplace in Philadelphia

ogniZed as an outstanding ex-
ample of a 10Th century apothe-
cary.
Other WaShingtonians who
served as president were William
Scott Thompson, 1884; Samuel l..
Hilton, 1922, and w. Bruce Philip,
1888.
Foreign Speakers Coming.
Don E. Francke, present aSsoci-
alton PRESIDENT and chief
pharmacist of the University of
Michigan, will preside at Wednes-
days anniversary ceremonies.
Speakers from several foreign
countries will lend an interna-
tional flavor.
On Thursday DR.. w. Paul
Briggs. former dean of pharmacy
at George Washington University
will address a joint banquet of
the American Association of Col
leges Of Pharmacy and the Ma
tional Association of Boards of
Pharmacy.
The association is a representa-
tive group made up of $4,000 prac-
ticing pharmacists, hospital
pharmacists and educators and
5000 others engaged in all phases
of the business.
DR.. Leonard A. Scheele, Sur
geon General of the Public Health
Service, will greet the Delegates
for the Government agencies.
Evening star., 1952-08-17
British Racer Injured
On Utah Salt Flats
By the Associated Press

WENDOVER. Utah, Aug. 10
1t. Col. A. T. (Goldie) Garner, 81,
British racing driver. was injured
today when his souped-up stock
car crashed into a mileage marker
on the salt fats at more than $50
miles an hour.
He suffered cuts on the lower
part of his face when the marker
shattered the enclosed cockpit of
his special six-cylinder MIG racer.
Col. Gardner lost control of the
car during his run around the
10-mile closed course on the
Bonneville salt fats, in western
Utah. He went into the infield
and the car spun around for 1000
yards before he righted it.
The marker is 10 feet of the
track.
The sun warns the salt flats
and turns the granulated salt into
crystals as moisture rises from
under the surface. 1t makes the
track mushy and slower.
The BritiSher said he wouldn't
race on Sunday, but would try
some 10-mile straightaway trials
on Monday.
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Ararat Expedition
Finds No Sign Of Ark
BY the Associated Press

ISTANBUL, Turkey. Aug. 10
"A French expedition battled its
way to the summit of Mt. Ararat
of Old Testament fame, the Ana
tolia News Agency said today, but
found not a trace of Noah's Ark
hot even a pair Of animal tracks
The expedition, led by polar
explorer Jean de Riquer. hoisted
the French flag atop the rugged
peak after climbing through snow
rain and heavy windfs. Accom-
panied by a Turkish army de-
tachment, the group started back
down the mountain yesterday, the
agency said.
An American expedition led by
DR.. Aaron Smith. a retired mis-
sionary from Greensboro, N. c.,
tried fruitlessly to find Noah's
boat in 1949.
Turkeys big Soviet neighbor
charged that neither group really
was looking for the Ark but just
wanted to peer down at Russian
defenSeS on the other side of the
Evening star., 1952-08-17

Your neighborhood pharmacist
is celebrating a birthday today.
One hundred years ago his fore
runner at the sign of the pestle
and mortar banded together in
Philadelphia. Their purpose: TIC
stamp out quack medicines ano
to foster higher scientific ano
ethical standards in their own
profession.
Today the American Pharma-
ceutical Association. now 25,00C
strong, returns to Philadelphia fol
it's centennial anniversary conven-
tion.
How we'll 1t has achieved its
original purpose is evidenced by
mans winning fight against
disease. President Truman is
sending greetings in recognition
of that fact.
| Born on October !. 1882.
! Actually. it was October 7, 1852
that the association was born. But
time has been set aside during
the seven-day convention to COM
memorate the anniversary with
appropriate ceremony.
The Washington area, an i'm
portant link in the associations
progress, is sending nearly 10O
members to the convention. The
area has furnished five national
presidents, and Washington has
been the convention site four
times.
During the 1884 convention
here, the association dedicated its
imposing national headquarters
building at 2215 Constitution ave-
nue. NV.
The first Washington president
John L. Kidwell. served in 1859
He operated a drugstore on Penn
sylvania avenue, between Tl,ir-
teenth and Fourteenth streets.
Richard H. Stabler of Alex.
andria was elected to lead the
organization in 1871. His phar-
macy in Alexandria, maintained
as a historical showplace, is rec
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Import Duty Raised
z Cents on Dried Figs
By the Associated Press

President Truman signed a
proclamation yesterday increasing
the import duty on dried figs by
two cents a pound. The present
tariff is two and one-half cents.
The new rate is effective Au-
gust %.
The proclamation said figs were
being imported in such increased
quantities as to cause serious in
Jury to domestic industry.
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Head Man Rebuked

New Zealand's newly arrived
High Commissioner PoWles was
rebuked by a vote of Samoan ma
tives in the teland Assembly at
Apia, after he incautiously used
the phrase Samoan habits" in
referring to increasing thefts of
plantation goods.
Evening star., 1952-08-17
Buruch on West Coast
With Nothing to Soy
BY the Associated Press

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 10
Elder Statesman Bernard Baruch
was in San Francisco today, but
he wasn't talking politics.
The 81-year-old New York H.
nancier told reporters, I'm not
saying anything about politics. In
fact, I have nothing to say about
anything"
Evening star., 1952-08-17
FOAM RUBBER

ony type or quantity for Mattresses.
Furniture, Cushions. Pillows. Benches,
Boats, Autos. etc.
LATEx FOAM PRODUCTS co.
s07 n St. NV. District o5S7
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-03-21

Archaeologlsts have discovered
libraries dating back to Babylonia
and Assyria.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-03-21
Chamber Group To
Cards ton To Talk
North Road Project

A group of Browning Chamber
of Commerce members headed
by Randy Manuel were dinner
guests of the Cardston Chamber
of Comm cree yesterday in re-
spouse to ian invitation extended
earlier in the week.
Besides Manuel. those attend
ing the eve mt included President
Bob Seuber,t. Col. Hilton, Murl
Beck, Don lMacRae, John Loew-
en- and Atm Lee. Hi Wood
ward. Glacie r County commiss-
ioner, accom- 'anied the group.
Discussion was devoted to the
so-caLled No nth road on the
Blackfeet Res ervation, which ex-
tends to the Canadian line at
Pescan.
The Alberta group are anxious
to have the res ervation road suit
ably Developed to adequately
serve Internal 10 aal travel as soon
as possible. 7 he Alberta seq
ment, it was understood, already
is developed. The Chief had
not. seen any Of the local Cham
Der delegation since their return
as to know any aaf the details of
the Cardston d lss,ussion.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1952-03-21
Sgt. Smokov Here On
Monday To Recruit;
-Four local EnliStees

Sgt. Jonn w. Smokov, U. s.
Army and Air Force recruiter,
who is stationed at Shelby, was
in Browning Monday in quest of
youths to fill vacancies in the
army, air corps as we'll as in the
paratroop service.
Four Browning enlistees signed
for service while he was here.
They included Patrick E. After
Buffalo, Ralph U p h a m, John
Yellow Owl and George West
wolf.
After Buffalo entered the ser
vice as a paratrooper, his enlist.
ment to be for three years. He
will be processed at Fl. Lewis,
Wash. and then be assigned tc
airborn basic training.
Upham, Yellow Owl and West.
wolf entered the Air Force. They
will get their basic at Parks Ali
Force training center at Pleas.
anton, near Oakland, Calf,
Sgt. Smokov was r centl,
transferred from the Kalispel
recruiting Office to Shelby. A
former resident of Miles City
where he spent his childhood anC
young manhood. Sgt. Smoke,
served a long hitch in the Pacific
campaign in World War 2. He
has been in the recruiting service
in Montana for the last foul
years.