davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-09-28
Briidge:
By Margaret [. Fisher

Knockout team of -four play
was the main attraction at the
Washington Bridge League last
Wednesday. with Is foursomes
of duplicate and rubber bridge.
Largest net total score was
credited to David Murray, Gary
Arkoian, Charles Johnson, Harry
Siegal, who triumphed over their
opposing foursome by $3.50
points.
Seven other surviving quar-
tettes were comprised of Kath-
leen McNutt, Mrs. Doris Vos-
burgh, Mr.. and Mrs. w. d.
Snyder (the latter of Warren
ton, Va who netted a $3.50
point swing; Charles Lovenberg,
Mrs. Jenny Bryant, Mrs. Terry
Haas, Robert Reynolds. 1850:
Henry Rau, Miller Roberts, I. M.
Aisenberg. Hardee Allen. 1880;
Manfred Sobernheim, Mrs. How
ard G. Campbell. Laura Hunter,
Fred George. 460.
Lew Levenson, Mrs. Freda
Bentley, D. j. Harris, Michael
Michaels and the foursome COM
posed Of Lewis and Lloyd Tubbs.
j. j. Connors, James G. Stone.
each won out by a 450-point
margin, while Mrs. M. r. Reddy.
Mrs. T. M. Boyle, Mrs. Thomas
Hamlin, Mrs. G. N. Poulief
scored 220 points more than
their opponents.
These eight foursomes will
compete in the second round
october %. On the basis of
drawings made last Wednesday.
second-round opposing four
somes will be Murray's VS.. Nc
Nuts. Lovenberg's VS.. Leven-
sons, Rau's VS.. 'Sobernheim's
and Tubbs' vs.. Reddy's.
Concurrent with the team
match, two Mitchell sections
competed for WBL pair awards
last Wednesday. Winning duoS
comprised 1t. Col. John Geddes-
Paul Neff and Edna Seraphen-
James Gilden in Section A; Sue
E. Gantt-Col. e. B. Clifford. DR..
Evening star., 1952-09-28

At the halfway mark, Ralph
Tayloris odds-on favorite to win
the Chess Clubs annual individ-
ual title. Scoring 1918 match
points during the first session
last Tuesday, Taylor rates bet
ter than a full boards advantage
over William Million, who scored
178 points. Mrs. M. r. Reddy,
with half a point less than
Million, and Mrs. Miriam
Holmes. 176.5, and A. E. Camire,
175.5, will be close contenders
among the SO competitors when
the final session is played Tues
day at 7:45 pm.
Lynn Carriers team including
Mrs. D. D. Brodie, Phil Garland
and r. L. Simmons, out paced
Federal Bridge League four
somes last Monday by scoring
Is wins in "a deals. After three
sessions Of play in the 17-game
series. the Carrier aggregation
now leads with 80 out of 48
matches.
Margaret Atchison-Mrs. Flor
ence Gregory-Ralph Grant-Eric
Morgan, with 151z wins. finished
second in Mondays competition.
MS top pair awards fell to
Mrs. j. G. Seabourne-M Morris
MoSkoff while Grace Eaton
Mrs. Margaret Rucker placed.
Atcheson-G n-Gregory were E-W
winners, Garland Simmons Sec
ond. Federal interrupts its team
series tomorrow night to divide
Evening star., 1952-09-28

1HG LUtH-LeHS TGJLGJ HUS LHe
vie,Ding lens set aboue the
picture-tnking lens. Some are
corrected for pdrdIlGr.
the operator to see the image
clearly on . ground glass. But,
to 60 the view camera one bet
ter. the reflexes show the image
right side up. This will enable
you to reach q critical focus in
q hurry and the exact compost
ton will be visible up to the
moment Of exposure. In other
small cameras. the view finders
do not provide this exact re-
production Of the picture area.
The film size (2Xx2H inches
Is just right to our way of
thinking. It is large enough to
produce an image that can be
enlarged to your favorite print
size without showing grain. At
the same time it is small enough
to keep the size Of the camera
within popular dimensions. A
few may object to the square
composition but actually there
is a decided advantage here
for you won't have to turn the
camera for a vertical picture.
If you feel that you will have
dificulty in arranging a vertical
composition you can make a
couple Of vertical lines along the
sides Of the ground glass with q
pencil as q guide. The 2Ax2A
size also gives you a usable con-
tact print - which is not the
case with 35-mm. cameras.
Has All the Godgets
Both twin and single lens re-
f1ex cameras are fitted to accept
all the modern gadgets such as
synchro flash, etc. Either is
small enough to carry sus-
pended from o shoulder strap
or . light tripod or unipod will
give adequate support. In addi-
ton to the ground glass finder.
both have supplementary eye
level finders for action shots.
When using the eye-level finder
focus Is first obtained with the
regular finder and the camera is
then raised to the eye level.
Although both reflex cameras
operate on the same principal,
there is a major difference in
construction. The twin lens is
actually two cameras in one
one above the other. The top
camera is really only a large
view finder. It consists of
lens. a mirror, and a ground
glass. The image passes through
the lens and is reflected by the
mirror to the ground glass for
your inspection. The mirror,
incidentally, re-erects the image
so that you see it right side UP.
The lower camera is actually the
one that takes the picture. The
lower lens transmits the image
directly to the film. Both lenses
are Of an equal focal length so
that the image you see on the
ground glass Is exactly dupli-
Gated on the focal plane or film
in the lower camera. The up
per lens is at q constant aper-
ture so that the image you see
remainS clear no matter how
Evening star., 1952-09-28
Reflex Lens Gives Owner
Full View of Picture Area
Comero Angles:
By Alexander J. Wedderburn
Curator Of Photography
The Smithsonian institution

The reflex camera is one of
the finest on the market and is
suitable for amateur and pro-
fessional alike. There are two
types to choose from. the single
lens and the twin lens. Some
prefer one. some the other.
Well describe them and you can
take your choice.
Each has the advantage Of
the view camera, which allows
Evening star., 1952-09-28
8 Foursomes Survive In Bridge League Classic

the October master point quota
in open-pair play.
Other local duplicate contest
winners and runnersup last week
included:
AGRICULTURE CLUE. Sept. %:
MRS L.S1s saDnH HsainsssldSs: S9asaald Sa:"' advsTd
oOAShoslsS ANDsEMs AIR. FORCE Base Off
GERS BRIDGE CLUB; Sept; 23: lit.
s. 6o D. ana srOdie.Mrs. Mr: f. T. 3uIdroa 2sddis1 Hr.
MMosoidvordtxh.. Capt: and Ms: a.or9. {:
j. eEnss sag7 az; see::r Il NE: z.;g::
Hndeiman.Dousiss HHlsdnnsnaD hSi Groves. MI. qad and
Ana Ms sS9sFs Ryrni isP isRP:.dS So I ara
Nfs Reject steh.ls s'iai Rs.. 4. S:hss- a:Rss
J. G. Stone.
Bess Noiand. .Gantred sfDi sobsfheim. u
Mrs. Ruth Broadfoot;Lynn Carrier,
yssorw Mss wsds RsIsISyvDG Ss1on so.i aqe
Connealy. Meade Learmouth-C Charles =.
Lloyd.
PENTHOUSE BRIDGE LEAGUE. Sept.
18: Gene Davidson-Gene Kaufman
John Hummer-Fenton Wibourne. 2
Mrs. B. B. Jones-Paris Keener. Mrs.
Edith F1nk-Tom Cassidy.
STEPHAN STUDIO, Sept. 10: Mrs.
Florence Millspaugh-Mrs: C. w. thinner.
Rosemary K,oTdap.RiehsIMS zesh1ssy esl1ssy
Rude, Mrs. Agnes .F1scher-Douglas
Groves. Sept. 90 (master point): l.
D. J. Harris-James @. stone. George
Blaeky-A, K. DARBY; LMrs'x ;.ds x.pyena Tyeda
Sue CAN'T. sept. "a: 1-Mrs. Brecken-
ridge Long-Mrs. Agnes Young, Mrs.
Alice Wilson-Mrs. W. r. Plum. 2-Mrs.
Robert Dubois Mrs. Ann SUNNY. Ffieda
Kenyon-Mrs. G. N. Poulied. September
point series winner: Mrs. N. A. Ohm
stead.
WALSH CLUB. Sept. 20: 1--Dr.- Emily
SrsWs.Mrs LTsy Msfy McGCnc9ei I 9eeei Mifson
". Davis-Manired sobernheim. Mr. and
Mrs Freeman Z. Morgan.
WRIGHT CLUB. Sept: II: p =:
Anderson-J. W. Tyler. 2-Mrs. Bettye
Cook-Dr. N. A. Brigham. Sept. 22: L
Mr.. and Mrs. r; =: Chambers ga
with Dr. N. A. Brigham-He Paolini.
Evening star., 1952-09-28

far down you stop the lower
lens.
In the single lens reflex there
is also q mirror that reflects the
image to the ground glass.
However, this mirror Is not
fixed in place, as in the other.
but swings up out Of the way at
the instant of exposure. allow
ing the light rays passing
through the lens to strike the
film. The single lens job has q
focal plane shutter which per-
mits exposures up to 1/1600 of
second, which gives 1t quite
an advantage Of speed over the
twin lens. whose between-the-
lens shutter operates at about a
maximum Of 1/500th. We
should note. however. that
1/500th is usually fast enough
for the average camera fan.
In the twin lens camera there
is the problem Of parallax to
contend with when making
closeup shots. This happens be-
cause the viewing camera is
above the taking camera, which
produces a different image
which, although negligible in
effect at q distance, becomes
more apparent at close range.
Parallax is not q factor with
the single lens camera. A few
twin lens cameras have built-ia
parallax correction. Supple
mentary closeup or portrait at
tachments which correct for
parallax may also be purchased
for the two-lens camera.
The single lens camera has
the further advantage Of
switching from one lens to an
other. Equipped with either q
lens board or operating on the
bayonet principle, this camera
can make an instant change
over to a lens of different focal
length from its standard equip
ment. On the other hand the
standard lens of either the
single or twin lens camera II
usually equal to any Job.
Has Visible Control
Another point in favor Of the
single lens reflex is the visible
control which you will have
over depth Of field. AS you stop
down the aperture the result
Of this action is clearly observa-
BILE. With the dual job, this is
not possible as the upper lens
is at an Interchangeable opening.
Some claim that there Is q
marked disadvantage in the
rising mirror of the single lens
camera. AS we have explained.
this mirror rises out Of the way
of the light rays passing
through the lens at the moment
Of exposure. OF course. when
this happens you lose the image
on the ground glass at the ex-
act instant that the 1ilm Is
exposed. We can't regard this
as an appreciable factor for
there is only q fraction of a sec =
ond interval to be taken into
account.
It might appear. at first
glance. that the single lens
camera is the better of the two
but in most cases the twin lens
will perform just as satisfac-
torily for all but the most ex-
acting work.
Evening star., 1952-09-28
Bridge CoIendor

ToNIGHT-Dixie Wright Club, S317
Blair road; pair game Iopenl 13U.
TOMORRoW-Federal Bridge League,
1900 New Hampshire: master point
pair game (open). 7:45. Wright Ciup'
pair game (open), 8. ..
TUESDAY = Agriculture Club. 1923
Euclid; pair game zane 1Spen| on,:.S: se1;
Bridge Club. pair game, 7:46s; 7:6s;,1;sss GhssS
Club. Gordon Hotel: dn inoiVia1shi "
Count Club, 1914 ssventsenth; pair
wEEanMTsTpYDstephan Eame; SSpsn1.s Studio. 1855
Euclid; pair game (open). l2;3O;
washington Bridge League, Wnlard
Hotel; master point pair game topen''
THuFRsDAY-chess Club. pair same, same,
7:46. Penthouse Brigade League, FED
eral Security Administration North
Building, pair game. $3.50.
FRIDAY-stephan Studio. pair game
sATSugRDAY-Agriculture Club; master
point pair game (openl. l: CheSs
CUB pair game. 7:45. Walsh Club,
1898 Twenty-second; pair game. 7:4s.
Evening star., 1952-09-28
Stamps:
Gutenberg Bible Stamp
To Be Released Tuesdoy
By james WoIdo Eawcett

At 1890 Tuesday morning
some of the most eminent
clergymen, bibliophiles and
philatelists in the United States
will assemble in the Coolidge
Auditorium of the Library of
Congress for a ceremony ar
ranged for the release of the
Scent Gutenberg Bible COM
memorative. Right Rev. Angus
Dun. Bishop of Washington;
Postmaster General Donaldson,
DR.. Luther H. Evans. Librarian
Of Congress; DIR. William A.
Jackson Of the Houghton Lii
brary. Harvard University; Rev.
Edward F. Siegman of the Cath
olic University of America, and
the Rev. Eric M. North. general
secretary Of the American Bible
Society. will take part in the
program. Members of the GU
tenberg Centenary Committee
expected to attend include: DR..
Luther A. Weigle. dean emeri-
tus of the Yale Divinity School;
Rev. DR.. Edward P. Arbez, Cath
olic University: DR.. Louis Fin
kelstein, president of the Jewish
Theological Seminary of Amer
lea, and Rev. Louis F. Hartman,
general secretary of the Cath
olic Biblical Association. The
new Bible stamp will not be on
sale at the Library of Congress,
but it will be available at every
branch of the Washington city
post Office on Tuesday morning.
There are indications that it will
be one of the most popular is
sues in many years. Victor S.
McCloskey. jr.. Is the designer
and Arthur w. Dintaman and
John s. Edmondson the en-
gravers.
The postal authorities Of
India will release on Wednesday
q series Of six portrait roto-
gravure stamps in homage to
famous poets and mystics. Tul-
sidaS, the translator of the
Ramayana into Hindi; Mira.
outstanding woman poet; Kabir
and Surdas, writer's of popular
ballads still sung by the Indian
people; Ghalib, celebrated Urdu
poet. and Rabindranath Tagore,
poet. philosopher and Nobel
Prize winner, are the eminent
personages represented. The
designs of the stamps are based
Evening star., 1952-09-28

on miniatures by noted artists.
Values are: 8 pies, l anna. 2
annas. 4 annas. AZ annas and
IL annas. In United States
money the entire set would cost
about go cents. Orders may be
sent to: Philatelic Division,
Post and Telegraph Depart
ment, New Delhi, India.
Miss Susie E. Carter, 1841
Columbia road NV, is anxious
to obtain copies of a label show
ing the Democratic donkey
wearing a boxers shorts and
gloves. A similar sticker, fea-
turing the Republican elephant.
also is in circulation.
Evening star., 1952-09-28

The American Philatelic So
ciety has joined in the cam
paign for new stamps of truly
national significance. At it's
recent convention in Philadel-
Evening star., 1952-09-28

the October master point quota
in open-pair play.
Evening star., 1952-09-28
Camera Club News

The Bethesda Chevy Chase
Camera Club will meet Tues
day at 8 pm. in its new loca-
ton, the YWCA cottage at Ar
lington road and Moorland
lane, Bethesda. A monochrome
print competition on general
subjects will be held. The club
is also building a darkroom for
the benefit Of its members.
Greater permanence in photo
graphs is promised by develop
ments in creation Of lacquers
for surface protection of both
prints and transparencies.
Evening star., 1952-09-28

choice OF attending American
Contract Bridge League Sec
tional meets scheduled at Nor
folk. Va. Cumberland. Md. and
Philadelphia. Pa.
October's biggest local event
is the annual two-session open
pair match sponsored by the
Women's Auxiliary Of the Wash
ington Bridge League for benefit
OF Children's Hospital. Popularity
known as the Schwartz Cup
match. this event is slated for
Sunday, October rs. at the
Shoreham Hotel, according to
Mrs. E. A. st. John, auxiliary
president. Mrs. Leo Crane and
Mrs. c. E. Meissner are chair
men of the game. Mrs. Stanley
Beasley and Mrs. M. L. Fisher
in charge Of partnership ar
rangements.
Evening star., 1952-01-20
Lady Berendsen
Party yHonoree

Among the legions of friends
who, during the next several days
will be wishing Lady Berendsen
farewell and good luck, none will
be half SO emphatic as were the
members of the Queen Elizabeth
Chapter Daughter of the British
Empire yesterday at the 4 to
Is O'Clock fete at the home of
Mrs. Frederick A. de Moleyn at
5000 r street.
Assisting the hostess during the
afternoon were Mrs. Roy E. Lowe,
president of the chapter. Mrs.
Felix Shaffner and Mrs. James
w. Boyer, vice president.
Friends of the hostess who took
their turn at the tea table were
Mrs. Robert Walsh. Mrs. Charles
Baker, Mrs. Alexander Kirk, Mrs.
John Durbin. Mrs. Robert &c la
H. Moran, and Mrs. P. F. c. HAM
ilton.
More than $50 had accepted the
invitation and among those in
vited were Lady Franks who is
honorary national president Of the
organization Of which Lady Ber-
endsen is an honorary vice presi-
dent of the Queen Elizabeth
Chapter; Mrs. Percy c. Spen-
der, Lady Steel. Mrs. Charles
Empson, Lady Caine, Mrs. Denis
H. F. Rickett, Mrs. Peter H.
Gwaltney, Mrs. H. L. Bisselle, Mrs.
Frank Halliday. Mrs. e. s. Kleyn
Molekamp. Miss Ruth v. Ander-
son and Miss Marion Marchbanks.
Evening star., 1952-01-20
Bx Liliialn Arthur

Yesterday was a day of parties
| in lower Montgomery County.
The entertaining began with
Mrs. Harry McConaghy's lunch
con with Mrs. William Bulls. Mrs.
Calvin Helms, Mrs. George D. Sui
|livan and her daughter, Mrs. Witt
is. Hyde, whose husband is Sena-
tor Hyde Of the Maryland State
Legislature; Miss Audrey Hummer
and Mrs. Ralph Reynolds, as
guests.
The luncheon. at the Statler.
was o birthday party-or. more
correctly, seven birthday parties
for, each one of the guests and
the hostess. herself. celebrated her
birthday in January.
Mrs. McConaghy started the
custom Of entertaining this same
group Of old friends each year at
this time some years ago when
she gave a luncheon for them and
discovered quite by accident that
each Of her guests had a birthday
in January.
Friday evening about so Bethes-
dams. known as the Invulnerables
all good bridge players-met at
the Woman's Club for an evening
of bridge and a late supper. Mr..
and Mrs. Walter A. Smith were
hosts for the evening and their
assistants were DR.. and Mrs. James
Shafer. Mrs. Mary Beight and DR.
and Mrs. Mark Haller.
And another of the larger par
ties of the past few days was
Mrs. Thomas E. Godfrey's lunch
con Wednesday with Mrs. A. o.
Babb. Mrs. Theodore Downey,
Mrs. Robert Patterson. Mrs. Fred
Hazlewood, Mrs. c. Breck Park
man. Mrs. Charles Porter, Mrs.
Robert Fisher. Mrs. Ward Latin,
Mrs. Jarl Larson. Mrs. De Witt s.
Hyde, Mrs. Hilma Quasebarth and
Mrs. J. B. Bodley as guests.
Mrs. Godfrey's luncheon was
the third in a series Of luncheons
that she has been giving during
the past month.
Word from Mrs. Frank B. Ger
mon of Friendship Heights who Is
now in Germany is that she will
continue her stay there until late
in February or early in March.
Evening star., 1952-01-20
|Bethesdo-Lower Montgomenc County
Numerous Parties Given By Residents; Other News

Mrs. Germon went to Germany
in December and she is the guest
of her son Mr.. William F. Germon
and his family who are now sta
toned in Hamburg.
Capt. John Cross and Mrs.
Cross were in Montreal during
the greater part Of the past week
on a trim. that gave them an op-
Evening star., 1952-01-20

portunity to see some Of the winter
sports In that part Of Canada.
Mrs. Edward p. Crockett and
her small daughter went out to
the west coast during the past
week end to meet 1t. Crockett on
his return from Is months duty
in Korea.
Before returning to Bethesda,
1t. and Mrs. Crockett will spend
Ia few weeks with 1t. Crockett's
Evening star., 1952-01-20


Announcement has been made
by Mr. and Mrs. Lucas Escribano
|of San Juan, Puerto Rico, of the
engagement of their daughter,
Maria Luisa. to 1t. Comdr. Archi-
bald j. McEwan, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Duncan McEwan of Brook
Ilyn, N. Y. No date has been set
for the wedding.
The bride-elect is q graduate
|of the University of Puerto Rico
and now is residing in Alexandria
Comdr. McEwan attended the Col
|lege Of the City Of New York and
received his Masters degree in
Engineering Electronics at the
Postgraduate School Of the United
States Naval Academy.
Evening star., 1952-01-20

mother. Mrs. Einar T. Larsen and
Mr.. Larsen, in San Francisco.
Calf.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edison Briggs are
spending the month in vero
Beach, Fla. at the Sea Horse Inn.
They expect to be back at their
Locust Hills home early in Feb
ruary.
Evening star., 1952-01-20

The former
Miss Barbara ID. Hamill
Miss Barbara Dean Hamill,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Kenneth
Stahl Of University Park. was
married yesterday morning to Mr..
Joseph A. Murray. jr.. U. S. N,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph A.
Murray of Jamaica Plain, Boston,
Mass.
The wedding took place here in
the Navy Chapel, Chaplain Will
liam j. Walsh officiating. A re-
ception was held at the home of
the brides parents. After a we'd
ding trip to Boston, the couple
will make their home here.
Evening star., 1952-01-20
-Brown-SaureZ Photo.
MRS. LOUIS N. keller
The Former
Miss Evelyn r.. Pound.

/ Miss Evelyn r. Pound and Mr..
Louis Nelson Keeler were married
January II in the Foundry
Methodist Church, DR.. Frederick
Brown Harris officiating. The
couple will reside in this city.
The bride is the daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. Jere Bloodworth
Pound of Bowdon. Ca; the BRIDE
groom the son of the Rev. and
Mrs. Louis Dunning Keeler of
/ Whitehall, N. Y.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1952-04-04
Cub Scouts Take To Air

Cub Scouts of St. Leo's parish,
Columbus, will hold a kite-flying
contest Sunday, April 6, at Black
Lick Woods, on E. Livingston ave
nue.. Scouts will leave the school
grounds at 1870. Prizes will be
awarded.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1952-04-04
Father Vincent Smith.
Negro Priest, Is Dead

WASHINGTON - (NC) - The
Rev. Vincent Smith, Negro
priest known throughout the
country for his work with the
National Catholic Community Ser
vice during World War II, died
March 25, according to word re-
ceived here.
Late in 1943 it was announced
that Father Smith, who had been
featured in the Negro Press as
the "only Negro pastor in the
United States who had white
priests as his assistants" had re-
signed as pastor of Our Lady of
the Divine Shepherd Church in
Trenton, Nj, and had entered
the Trappist noyitiate at Gethse-
mani, Ky. Father Smith, who
came from Lebanon, KY, was or
dained priest in the Society of
the Divine Word in 1884. In the
last war, he twice covered the
United States for the NCCS. ad-
vising on the establishment of
programs for Negro personnel in
the armed services.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1952-04-04
Reds End Free Love Program:
See Need For Stable Families

related that in 1886 abortion, per
mitted in 1920, was forbidden and
the Soviets announced that the
earlier permission had been grant
ed only for an emergency period.
In 1914, the marriage legislation
was changed radically, he related.
The equality of registered mar
riageS and de facto unions was
abolished; the mother of a child
born out of wedlock was denied
the right to start paternity suit;
divorce was made more difficult by
higher fees and other obstacles,
and only the child born of reg
istered marriage was given the
right of succession, DR.. Gurian re-
lated. He added that the Soviet leg
iSlators came to realize the import.
ance of a stable family for the
restoration of the strength of ma
ton.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1952-04-04

After years of experimenting
with immoral promiscuouSness in
family life, Soviet Russia realized
the importance of stable family
as the strength of a nation and ex-
ecuted an about face in this field
of human relations.
This observation was made by
DR.. Waldemar Gurian, editor of
the Review of Politics of the Uni
versity of Notre Dame and a wide
ly recognized authority on Russia.
But despite their changed atti-
tude, the SovietS still regard the
family as an instrument of their
power, as cog in their totalitarian
power machine" DR.. Gurian said.
The Catholic editor was one of
the featured speakers at the 10th
annual convention of the National
Catholic Conference on Family
Life held in Columbus. His topic
was "The Family Behind the Iron
Curtain"
DR.. Gurian recalled that in 1917
when the BolShevlk-communistS of
Lenin came to power in Russia, the
government issued new regulations
on marriage. Divorces were made
available when either both parties
or one appealed for ii, and civil
marriage replaced religious mar
Tiage which had been the dom
inant form in Russia for years. In
the code of family and marriage in
1913 it was stated that birth itself
should be the basis of family, with
no differentiation of whether the
birth occurred in or out of we'd
lock, DR.. Gurian declared.
DR.. Gurlan said that Soviet leg
islation in 1925 made no distinc-
ton between registered marriages
and de facto marriages based on
common life. Courts recognized the
possibility of de facto marriages at
the same time, which in effect was
a recognition of polygamy, he said.
These views prevailed until the
early sos. DIR. Gurian said, and
then the tide began to change. He