Evening star., 1952-10-22

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been reconstruction and enco,lr-
aging recovery, but Europe has
not achieved the ability to be-
come independent of our purse
strings.
If at the end of seven years
and $33 billion, the central
problem is as far from solution
as it is today. and the interna-
tional public relations of the
United States are worse than
they were in 1916. I think 1t is
fair to say that something has
been wrong with our thinking.
It is far too easy and deceptive
to blame it all on Stain. He
stood revealed as our enemy
long before last week.
I think that we should take
look at this economic world OF
ours. I think that, in concert
with our closest allies, a long
term, consistent program should
be produced. directing all of our
economic power toward reviv-
ing free; world economies and
trade as a whole, instead OF re-
Stricting our concern to emer-
gency relief and isolated, piece
meal actions.
Let me merely list some Of
the economic problems which
the free world is called upon
to solve, not only for its eco
nomic betterment, but also as
one of the indispensable require
ments of peace.
First, the problem Of re-es-
tablishing the economies OF ia
pan and West Germany must be
recognized as a problem of the
entire free world.
Second, the free world must
find a permanent solution to
Europe's continuing inability to
earn enough dollars-a problem
that has been developing since
1878. In the past 48 years
Europe has taken from us in
goods and services about $12O
billion more than we have taken
from her. All but $26 billion
of that disparity represented
gifts and loans in one form OF
another, and were financed by
American taxpayers. investors
and business firms. A solution
to the problem is essential to
the retention of the European
private economy, to Europe'S
adherence to the free worlds
alliance against communism, and
to our own economic welfare.
Hungry People Don't Think
First of Freedom, Justice
Third, a high percentage Of
the peoples of the free world
are undernourished. Hungry
people do not think first Of free
dom and justice. They think OF
the elemental business of get
tin food for themselves and
their children.
And fourth, there are innu-
merable economic tensions, such
as in the Middle East, which
must be relieved if economic
difficulty is not to- be trans
formed into political catas-
trophe.
Now, the solution to the eco
nomic ills of the free world does
not lie in one nations making
pensioners of other nations.
Economic aid has been essen
tial, and is still needed, in the
immediate postwar period. But
the time must quickly come
when the free nations. cooper
ate to their mutual advantage,
with growing strength in all Of
them-including the United
States.
Nor is the solution to be found
exclusively in economic meas
ureS.
An effective program for
peace is the sum of many parts.
Together the program is in
divisible. All cooperative ac-
ton among free nations must
be based upon genuine under
standing. The development Of
that understanding is the start
ing point on any program to-
ward lasting peace. On this
firm foundation of understand
ing, the free nations must CO.
operate militarily for their COM
mon defense. They must en-
gage in far-sighted economic
cooperation in order that peo-
pies everywhere may, through
their own efforts, improve their
present desperately bad situa-
tions. And they must cooperate
politically and socially to settle
those disputes and relieve those
tensions which otherwise might
break into overt hostilities or
cause free nations to surrender
to the insidious promises of
communism.
The free nations Of the world
have the resources and the
manpoWer essential to ultimate
success. Some nations lack
Skills and social organization.
Unfortunately, understanding