davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-05-30
Years of Uncertainty
Over Ownership

Ii 41dS Dc6n CO0tGIlOeQ GI1aC the
Joint resolution merely restores
to the States property which
they owned prior to the 1947 de-
cision of the Supreme Court in
the case of United States ". Cali
fornia. This argument is en-
tirely erroneous.
Until recent years, little or no
attention was paid to the ques-
tion of who owned these lands
under the open sea, since they
were for all practical purposes
without value. But, about 20
years ago, oil began to be pro-
duced in substantial quantities
from the submerged lands off
the coast of California. Then.
for the first time, the legal
question of ownership became
important and was given serious
consideration.
There was uncertainty for a
number of years over whether
these were State or Federal
lands. Even so careful and
jealous a guardian of the public
interest as the late Secretary of
the Interior. Harold Ickes, at
first assumed that the undersea
lands were owned by the States.
When he subsequently made
studies of the matter, however,
he concluded that the United
States had interests in these
lands which should be deter
mined by the courts.
Whatever may have been the
opinion Of various people in the
past, the legal controversy has
now been finally resolved in the
only way such legal questions
can be resolved under our Con-
Stitution-that is by the courts,
in this case by the Supreme
Court.
It has been resolved by that
court not once but three times.
First in 1947. in the case of
California, then twice in 1850,
in the cases of Louisiana and
Texas. the court held that the
submerged lands and mineral
resources underlying the open
waters of the ocean off the
coast of the United States are
lands and resources Of the
United States. and that the
various coastal States, as such,
do not have and have never
had any title to or property in
terest in such lands or resources.
Texas, of course, before it be-
came q State and while it was
an independent republic, had
whatever rights then existed in
the submerged lands off its
coast, but the Supreme Court
ruled that any such rights were
transferred to the United States
under the annexation agree
ment when Texas entered the
Union.
Consequently. the law has
now been determined. and it
applies uniformity to all coastal
States. Lands under the open
sea are not owned by the
coastal States. but are lands
belonging to the United States
that is, they are lands of all
the people of the country.
Accordingly, the real ques-
ton presented by this Joint reso-
luton is not who owns the lands
in question. That question was
settled by the Supreme Court.
The real question this resolu-
tion raises is: Should the peo-
pie Of the country give an asset
belonging to all of them to the
States which happen to border
on the ocean? This resolution
would do just that. Despite all
the irrelevant contentious which
have been made in favor of this
resolution, its real purpose and
Its sole effect would be to give
to a few States undersea lands
and mineral resources which
belong to the entire Nation.
Evening star., 1952-05-30
Resources OF Area
OF Enormous Value

I cannot agree that this would
be q wise or proper way to dis
pose OF these lands and mineral
resources Of the United States.
Evening star., 1952-05-30

necessary. and bears no relation
whatever to the question of what
should be done with lands which
the States do not now own
that is, the lands under the
open sea.
Evening star., 1952-05-30
No Interference
With Other RIGHTS

The proponents OF this leglS-
lation have also asserted that.
under the Supreme Court rul-
ings, the Federal Government
may interfere with the rights
of the States to control the TAX
ing, conservation and develop
ment of fish, shrimp. kelp and
other marine animal or plant
life. 1t is also asserted that the
Federal Government may inter-
fere with the rights to filled-in
or reclaimed lands, or the rights
relating to docks. piers. break
waters or other structures built
into or over the ocean.
can say simply and categor-
ically that the executive branch
Of the Government has no in
tention whatever of undertaking
any such thing. If the Congress
finds any cause for apprehension
in this regard, it can easily settle
the matter by appropriate legis-
lation, which I would be very
happy to approve. But these
assertions provide no excuse for
passing legislation to give to a
few States-at the expense of
the people of all the others
rights they do not now have to
very valuable lands and minerals
beneath the open sea.
I have considered carefully
the arguments that have been
advanced to the general effect
that-regardless of the decisions
of the Supreme Court-the costal
States ought to own the lands
beneath the marginal sea. These
arguments have been varied and
ingenious. I cannot review all
of them here. Suffice it to say
I have found none of these argu-
mentS to be persuasive.
The fact is that the Federal
Government, and not the States.
obtained the rights to these
lands by the action of the
executive, beginning with a let
ter from Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson in 1893, when
he asserted jurisdiction, on be-
half of the United States as
against all other nations, over
the 3-mile belt of ocean sea-
ward of the low-tide mark.
Neither then nor at any other
time did the Federal Govern
ment relinquish any authority
over this belt. The rights to this
ocean belt. in other words, are
and always have been Federal
rights, maintained under inter-
national law by the National
Government on behalf of all the
people of the country.
It has been strongly urged
upon me that the case of Texas
differs from that of the other
coastal States, and that special
considerations entitle Texans
to submerged lands lying OF it's
coast. I recognize that the situ-
alton relating to Texas is unique.
Texas was an independent re-
public for nine years before she
was admitted to- the Union, in
1845. ION an equal footing with
the existing States" During
those nine years, 1t had what
ever rights then existed in sub
merged lands Of the marginal
sea.
Texas entered the Union pur-
suant to a Joint resolution of
annexation, enacted by the Con-
gress. Some of the provisions of
the annexation resolution are
not clear in their meaning as
they apply to the present ques-
ton. Thus, the resolution grant
ed to TEXAS "all the vacant
and unappropriated lands lying
within its limits" but at the
same time it also required
Texas to cede to the United
States "all =. ports and har-
bors -. and all other property
and means pertaining to the
public defense"
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1952-05-01
REFRESHMENTS and DOOR PRIZES
Everything Is Being Done TO Assure You O. Coed Time
TICKETS are STILL AVAILABLE
call GLenville 1925 or Liberty 1873

The Fire Fighters Soy THANK You"
the Business People whose has made this
oa the financial that oheodY Their these
who will enjoy soo evening they'll remember for long
We're doing everything humonY possible make will have
a good time.
Of Cleveland Fighters
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1952-05-01
TOMORROW NIGHT MSY xS!95r %a 20713 RECHER AVE.
#e~ 70 9et There

Drive Euclid Ave Chodon Rd north ST. Clair Ave- then east
2oo ST. then ndberg then Eust 23 Rech Ave-
ST. Cr Ave- Lake Shore Blvd Eos 2h ST. south
Lndbeg The American Yugsuv Center the end Of ndberg
where Recher modern building with dance floors ample
checking and woshroom facilities and
Lorge. Well Lighted. FREE Parking Lot
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07

PLEASANT CITY - Mr.. and
Mrs. Clifford Secrest and son,
John spent Sunday afternoon
with Mr.. and Mrs. Halderman
Murphy and family of Chaseville.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Weaver
were Thursday evening guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. William johnson
and son, Bill, route 2.
Robert Secrest, student at Ohio
State, Columbus, spent the week
end with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs Dalton Secrest.
Mrs. Edna Johnson entertain
ed a number of guests Monday
evening at her home with a
Stanley Brush party
Mr.. and Mrs. Warren Miley
and daughter, Betty were Sun
day afternoon callers at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Walter
Powell and daughters, Evelyn
and Janet of Mt. Ephraim.
Mrs. o. B. Secrest and son,
Everett and Mr.. and Mrs. Cliff
ford Secrest attended the Feeder
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
A MUSICAL
" ARCnETEER
Yves Marshall

Yves Marshall
In the past ten years here in
Caldwell there has been a great
deal of Improvement in the way
of new buildings. But I believe
the building that will contribute
the most to the welfare of the
community, and to the govern
ment of the community in the
future is the new school build
ing which now is finally going
into a full time schedule. The
other day ! took time out to visit
this new structure and get ac-
Quainted with its atmosphere.
The new structure, like the
old building to some extent, is
constructed of brick. What |
mean by some extent is, that the
new building certainly has a
much better appearance than the
old, at least in our ideas of
modern architecture. OF course
twenty or thirty years ago it was
ideal and modern, however times
have changed and like every
thing else it became outdated.
l remember very clearly my
years on the hill, and believe
you me, the environment has
changed. In place of the black
oily floors, creaky steps, grimy
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
Sarahsville
SARAHSVILLE

SARAHSVILLE - Mr.. and
Mrs. William Forshey of Corning,
spent the weekend at their home
here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alex Stanton of
Canton, visited Sunday evening
with Mrs. Mamie Smith.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Cox and
Lynn Hatch were Cambridge
shoppers, Saturday.
Mrs. Edna Gilchrist of Cald-
well, spent Thursday and Friday
with j. E. Stottsberry and fam
lily.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Kuhn NOV
ed last week to the Ara Johns
property in Sarahsville.
Mr. and Mrs. Levi Miller visit
ed Sunday with Maggie Beymer
and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Gibson
and sons, Bobby and Terry were
business callers in Cambridge on
Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Orley Palmer of
Youngstown, spent the weekend
with Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Depew
Mr.. and Mrs. Dean Stottsberry
and children of Canton, visited
Saturday with Mr.. and Mrs. j.
E. Stottsberry.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Smith
spent Sunday evening with Mrs,
Mamie Smith.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Everly
visited Sunday evening with
Richard Gibson and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Morris of
Summerfield, visited Sunday
with Martin RochuS and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alex Pezzopane
of Maple Heights, spent Sunday
evening with Martin RoChus and
family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Duttor
of Caldwell and Mrs. Beulah
Roach of Montana, were dinner
guests of Mrs. Sara Highman on
Thursday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Butler OF
NorWalk, spent the weekend
with Mrs. Luna Butler.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07

Two Case D. |. tractor with
leaders will be traded in on the
Travelloader, and they were
estimated to be worth $1,78O.0O
The balance to be paid for the
new equipment will be $8,829.00.
These bills were presented and
paid;
Clayton Mckee, incidental
amount, $7.79; Ralph Archer,
destroying dogs, $11.5O; Home
restaurant, meals for prisoners,
$l2,67; Mrs. Edna Mckee, laun-
dry and cleaning of Jail, $l4.00;
Marietta Office Supply Co, sup
plies, $l.73; c. o. Brown, sup
plies, $720; Rocky Glen sanator-
lum, treatment, $1,000; Rocky
Glen sanatorium, treatment,
S7750; The Journal, receipt
books, $4,000; Russell c. Keith,
coal for court house, $l28.04; The
Journal, dos tax notice, 5000.
Standard Oil Co, oil, $310;
First National Bank, box rent,
$500; Fred Proctor Co, supplies,
$l0.50; Columbus Blank Book
Co., birth record, $118.30; Emil
Archer service station, supplies
for sheriff, S15.08; Clark's serv-
ice station, gasoline, $500; Cald-
well Light and Water Works,
light and water for jail and
court house, $59.86; Caldwell
/ Light and Water Works, light
and water for county garage,
$l6.20; Elswick Insurance Agency
premium, $57.75.
Permian Oil and Gas Co., gas
for Jail, $36.13; E. G. Ditch, care
of county wards, Splits; City of
Dayton, care of prisoners, $3.50;
William j. Heron, salary for
! January, $l75OO; Clifford King,
salary for January, $175.00.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
Willscreek

WILLSCREEK - Wet and
muddy and still plenty of rain.
Woodrow Carpenter and wife
of Calais, were visitors at Earl
Moores last Saturday evening.
Leo Clark of New Concord,
was calling here last Saturday.
Earl Moore and wife were
Canton visitors over the week
end.
James Heddleson and James
WyScarver of Beaver Valley,
were visitors here last Sunday.
Edgar Roe and wife attended
the basketball game at Bates
vile last Friday. This is Sylvia's
first game. Batesville reserves
beat Somerton and they beat
Dexter City But in the final
game Dexter City beat.
The Seneca Lake is getting
pretty we'll filled up. Us above
have had a flood for several days.
Ward McVicker has bought a
new team of horses.
Lots of oil and gas leasers here.
They have leased over 10000
acres in the neighborhood. Looks
like there is something going to
be done soon.
The grounding didn't see his
shadow here Saturday.
Laughing Freddie Basford was
a caller here last Sunday. He
kept things going while here.
If the army makes a few more
raids over our boys, we are not
going to have many left.
ENvin Stallings, who has been
very poorly for a week or two,
is now able to be out again.
Our roads are getting In a
serious condition. What we need
is some more Stag or stones.
William Gregg of Yoker Val
ley, was a caller here Thursday.
Our real estate and personal
taxes will come together this
time.
Candidates are beginning to
shake hands and smile.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07

building | took several notes on
its appearance. Here are a few.
The first room I wondered was
the kitchen which is entirely
modern in all respects. New
stoves, shelving, silVerWare,
trays, dishes, dishwasher, food
warmer, and all the accessories
that 60 with a modern kitchen.
The cafeteria itself will serve
$50 students and the main sec
ton of the floor space is separat-
ed from the kitchen by window
which open to serve. The meals
are well balanced and nutritious
and cost the student Is cents.
The class rooms as a whole are
somewhat on the same order,
clean we'll lighted and well heat
ed. The desks in the lower grades
are moveable and of d modern
design, furnishing ample book
room and complete comfort.
The blackboards are built low,
with cork lining their sides for
the purpose of pinning art work,
or clipping, where they may be
seen with out harming the walls.
There is we'll lighted library
and recreation room combined
located conveniently in the
building and also a clinic which
viii be stocked with certain
medical supplies.
All in all the building presents
a beautiful picture symblizing
the advancement of a communi-
ty In this column | have pointed
cut some of the various sights
that attracted my attention, how
ever, in the near future the
school authorities hope TO hold
an open house for the inhabitants
Of this community. ! do not know
the exact date, why not go and
see for yourself.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
Stafford

STAFFORD - Mr.. and Mrs.
Floyd Miracle and son Elvin
spent Sunday with Mr.. and Mrs.
Glenn Beebee of Waterford.
Mr.. and Mrs. Guy McVay were
guests Sunday of Mr.. and Mrs.
VIM. Mallett and family here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Horace Hamilton
of Columbus, were weekend
visitors with Mr. and Mrs. Frank
Swartsword and other relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Bonar and
family of Columbus, spent the
weekend with her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Theodore Love of Road
Fork and his mother, Mrs. A. J.
Bonar of this place.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clyde Yockey
were calling on Mr.. and Mrs.
Wilbur Jackson, Friday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jason Moore and
family of Graysville and Mr.. and
Mrs. Elmer Ridgeway and family
of Woodsfield route, visited one
day this week with Mr.. and Mrs.
Wayne Bishop and family.
Dean Prince of Cambridge,
visited his mother, Lizzie Prince
on Thursday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Miracle
and son, spent Thursday with re-
latives at Marietta.
Ruth Ann Archer of SWazey,
spent Wednesday night with JOY
Ann Knapp.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. P. Gardner
visited over the weekend with
Rev. and Mrs. James Gardner
of Garriettsville.
Mr.. and Mrs Clyde Camden
were at Marietta, Thursday.
Mrs. Maynard Ayers and son
David, visited Saturday with her
father, Will Hawkins.
Mrs. Blanche Ullman and son
Larry were at Woodsfield, Fri
day.
Mrs. Margaret Knapp enter
tanned the ladies of this town
community last Wednesday with
an all day quilting.
Jack Markey of Akron, Danny
Stoffel of Canton, spent the week
end with Mr.. and Mrs. Sherd
Day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Mcconnell
and family, Mrs. A. j. Bonar and
Mrs. Lille Morton spent Sunday
with Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar Frietay
of WoodSfield, route 3.
Recent visitors at WoodSfielC
were Mr.. and Mrs. Harry McCon-
nell, Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Knapp
and daughter, Clyde Camden
Mr.. and Mrs. Wayne Robbins ano
Wayne Bishop.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Kline OF
Circleville, spent the weekend
with Mr.. and Mrs. Neil Ullmar
and Mr.. and Mrs. Max Ullman.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07

Calf banquet which was held in
the Sarahsville high school gym
nasium, Thursday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence Mckee
spent Sunday afternoon with
his father, George Mckee of
Byesville.
Miss Amelia Ogle of Caldwell,
visited over the weekend with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Leslie
Ogle.
Little Beth Ball of Columbus,
is visiting her aunt and uncle,
Mr.. and Mrs. William Koontz
and other relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. Warren Miley
spent Thursday evening with his
mother, Mrs. Clara Miley and son
Carl and family route /.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
ATTEND STATE MEETING

The three county committee
men of the PIMA, William Arch
er, chairman, Henry Arick and
John H. Carter, will be present
at a statewide meet of the PIMA,
to be held at the Southern hotel,
Columbus, on Feb. 6 and 7 of this
week. All the counties of the
state of Ohio will be represented
at this convention.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07

Farm land increased about 3
percent in value between July
and November, 1851.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
ARRIVES FROM KOREA

TJSgt. John Mutu arrived this
week at his home in Belle Val
ley from action in the Korean
war. He saw active service for
the past 26 months Mutu is now
enjoying a 30 day furlough, He
and his family Will report to
George Air force base, Victor
Vile. Calf, when his leave has
expired.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
Mt. Ephrairrl

MT. EPHRAIM - Clyde Fin
ley and family of Canton, spent
the weekend with relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. w. Shafer have
returned home after spending
the past few months with their
daughter in Cumberland.
Mildred Heron of Cumber-
land, spent the weekend with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. ]. w.
Shafer.
Johannah Johnson visited her
brother, Daily Vorhies and wife
recently.
Garfield Shafer and wife of
GAINESVILLE, visited his sisters re-
Gently.
Dallas Bates and family were
shoppers in Cambridge, Satur-
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Rae Shafer was
in Caldwell, Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Beardslev
of FredericktoWn, visited J. W.
Caldwell and wife and Arthur
Moore and family over Sunday.
Other visitors were Mrs. Emma
Kent and son, George of Sarahs-
vile.
OrVille Casey and family visit
ed his parents at Batesville, Sun
day.
Ross Mcconnell passed away
Monday, McVay funeral home in
charge.
Robert Beatty, wife and son of
Newark, visited his parents over
the weekend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
commissioners Purchase Slau
And Travelloader For County

the JAN IA meeting of the county board of commits
os TWO road petitions presented The viewing date of
T Se roads was set for Feb vacatng
are township roads Enoh townships both of
winch according to the petitioners badly in need of repair
The Standard Stag Co. of given an order for
oOo TONS OF Stag The total shipment included will
amount o $4823s25 ' '1lA
lraVeloader from the Standard Equipment Company the
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
REMOVED HOME

Mrs. Robert Chandler and in
FAINT son were removed on Sun
day in the McVay ambulance to
the home of her parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Vernon Hughes, Keith
town
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
TO HOLD DANCE

Ther2 will be a round and
square dance in the parish hall
At Burkhart, Sunday evening,
Feb. 10. The Village S9renaders
will furnish the music and the
public is invited.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1952-02-07
TAKEN HOME

Mrs. Charles Brown was re-
moved from the Thompson hospi-
tai to her home near Dudley,
Wednesday evening in the
Murphy ambulance. a
Evening star., 1952-04-20

ORB Electric Wall Clock is neat
and handsome. Easy to read and
the metal case is oh so easy to keep
clean! And you have four heavenly
color choices ivory, white, red and
yellow. $4.2S.
Evening star., 1952-04-20
Water Amt Free

66TIvE this a peep" Jake
" Bulls, my partner, says
to me. 1--WE been grim water
away!"
He shows me squib in
magazine we get, called RES
taurant Digest. 1t says that,
countin' labor, dishwashin', ice,
glass breakage an so on, an
eatin' house is out a penny on
the glass of water it sets in front
of the customer.
"Jeepers," Jake goes on to
say, "you figure it out. We been
servin' two-three hundred glasses
of water a day for ten years -
that's nearly a million glasses -
ten thousand dollars worth.
Who are we to be furnishin' the
public with that kind of refresh
ment?"
''HMM," hem at Jake. That's
a thousand dollars a year, amt
it? A good new automobile is
only $1,000. We're givin' away
a new car every two years,
dribblin' it away out of the cold
water tap"
YEAH" says Jake. AN you
take Horseneck Sholtz, the big
sponge. He never drinks less'n
five glasses. Which is a nickel,
not countn' the toothpicks we
have bought that guy!'
WELL" l tell Jake, Il have
Evening star., 1952-04-20

seen signs out on the desert
where they charge you a quarter
to fill your radiator. BUT some
how I doubt if we can get away
with chargin' for drinkin' water.
An we can't let the customers
sit here an choke to death"
Maybe we can take it off our
income tax" Jake suggests.
Don't we get a deduction for
charity?"
II DOUBT it," tell him. 1T
amt like we was waterin' the
Salvation Army"
All day long the two of us go
around with our brows wrinkled,
flinchin' every time a customer
sips. But about four O'Clock this
afternoon / notice Jake is
whistlin' an don't seem to have
water on the mind any more. l
decide to have a cup of coffee -
which 60 an draw. 1t is about
twice as strong as usual.
Hey" l call to Jake. did
you decide we ought to give
away twice as much coffee?"
'Nope, he says. Il only put
the usual amount of coffee in
the urn. But I sure solved the
water problem. Put only half as
much in the coffee. Boy! 1t sure
takes brains to figure how to
keep maxim a profit these days.
don't it!'' WMlY R0REN
Evening star., 1952-04-20

MELODY Electric Wall Clock is
adaptable to any room, any color
scheme. Smartly-styled, Melody
mounts flush on wall; its easily re-
movable case ring is available in
variety of colors. $6.95.
Evening star., 1952-09-21
-ZWeig Photo,

Miss Betty Lou Murray Of Ar
lington. daughter Of Col, and Mrs.
Ferdinand Marion Humphries Of
Watertown, Mass, became the
bride on September 20 Of Chief
Warrant Officer Ernest Joseph
Brown, son Of the late Mr.. and
Mrs. Ernest Erwin Brown Of Pres
ton, England. The Church of the
Centurion at Fort Monroe, Va.
was the scene Of the ceremony
with the Rev. Jack w. Cunning
ham officiating. A reception was
held afterwards.
Following wedding trip to the
North, the couple will make their
home in Arlington.