davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-12-16

and tragic death, however. cut
short the reform movement and
it was to continue for a number
of years.
Meanwhile, however. there was
increasing public resentment de-
veloping against the spoils system.
Newspapers such as The Star, as
well as some of the leading maga-
zines Of the day. sharply critized
the spoils system as waSteful and
inefficient and demanded merit
system in the Government.
The final event that was to in
sure the establishment of a civil
service merit system was a tragic
one. On the morning Of July 2,
1881. as President Garfield was
waiting in a railroad station here
for the train to take him to his
college reunion, a disappointed
Federal job seeker shot him. The
wounds proved to be fatal.
The tragedy aroused the Ameri-
can people as never before. If
before they had been in favor of
la merit system and critical Of the
spoils system. now they demanded
that the merit program be
adopted. The Star and other news
papers Of the period were filled
with stories and pictures in
response to the demands for news
of the Presidents condition. When
Garfield finally died three months
after being shot, impatience at
the spoils system now became
indignation.
AS a result. Congress. in 1888
enacted the Civil Service Act
which is now the basis of the
modern civil service system.
PROGRESS - Progress in the
way of more liberal benefits came
slowly for Federal employees.
In 1854 Congress set up a pay
schedule for Federal clerks rang
ing from $1,000 to 800 a year
This pay schedule remained in
effect for nearly 70 years.
1t should be noted that, in 1854,
practically every Federal employe,
no matter what his duties or ad-
ministrative responsibilities, was
designated as a clerk. This was
true whether a man was a biolo-
gist, an investigator or an impor-
tant assistant to a bureau chief
To this day. some people insist on
labelling Federal workers as an
army of clerks.
In 1923, Congress enacted the
Classification Act, which, for the
first time, set UP a system of
classifying jobs according to their
duties and setting salary scales
based on the type of jobs. It was
major step in good Government
administration and personnel
policies. Enactment of this law
followed an intensive campaign
for such system. The Star
joined in this fight, along with
the various employe groups and
civil service reform organizations.
Federal salaries were raised
again in 1923. There was no ad-
ditional Government wage in
crease until 1945. Three more
Federal salary increases have
been granted since then by Con-
greSS in view of rising living costs.
Evening star., 1952-12-16

shown. It has been postulateC
that the color change may be
due to vegetation, possibly as high
in the scale as moses or lichens
Two of Saturn's rings are
shown. There actually are three
of these. about 10 miles thick but
171,000 miles in diameter. One
poStulate is that they are formed
of solar system debris which
never reached the point of form
ing a planet. Another is that
they are rings of ice.
Venus Surface Clouded.
Venus is shown as thin cres-
cent, like the new moon, as the
earth's nearest neighbor planet
sometimes appears through a
small telescope. or even to the
naked eye on a clear night at
sea. No details of Venus sur
face evei can be seen because
of the thick cloud cover.
The same is true of the giant
planet Jupiter. but the photos
show clearly the bands of clouds
which appear as they followed
parallels of latitude. and the cel-
ebrated "red spot" the giants
most puzzling picture.
The photos were taken by DR..
Milton L. Humanson of the Car
negie Institution.
The Carnegie, the National Geo.
graphic Society and California
Tech are engaged in cooperative
survey of the universe which can
be reached with the Palomar tel
escope.
Evening star., 1952-12-16
Action on Civil Rights
Predicted by Humphrey
BY the Assoeioied Press

Senator Humphrey. Democrat,
of Minnesota says he expects one
wing Of President-elect Eisenhow-
er's Republican administration to
"try to embrace a good deal of the
New and Fair Deal"
"Of course, with new fringes and
decorations" he added in speak
ing last night on an MBS radio
program. Reporters Roundup.
This faction, he said, is led by
Gov. Dewey of New York.
Senator Humphrey also offered
a prediction of drastic modifica-
ton of the. ft-Hartley Qabor
relations) Act-if the Eisenhower
administration has its way"-as
we'll as action on civil rights and
strong commitments on agricul-
ture."
He. said he and Senator Ives,
Republican, of New York plan to
Ireintroduce a civil rights bill in
the new Congress.
Evening star., 1952-12-16
MI. Pa|omar Pictures
Reveal 6-Mi|e Hiqh
Mountains on Moon
BY Thomas R. Henry
Science Editor of The Sior

Mountains on the moon nearly
six miles high are shown by the
most detailed photographs evel
taken of the earth's satellite. Ex-
hibited at the National Geographic
Society yesterday, the moon pho
tos and four of the major planets
were taken by means of the 200
inch Mt. Palomar telescope of the
Carnegie Institution of Washing
ton and California Institute OF
Technology. This telescope is de-
signed to penetrate a billion light
IyearS-the distance covered in a
billion years by light at a speed OF
10000 miles a second-into space
The moon, presumably once a
part of the earth and torn out OF
the basin of the Pacific by some
great convulsion, is only a quar-
ter million miles away. With the
worlds largest telescope it would
be possible to see an object on it
the size OF the Pentagon Building
Crater Is Conspicuous.
The most conspicuous feature
on the moons surface shown by
the photos is the great crater of
Cluvius. a hole $50 miles in diam
eter and walls $4,000 feet high.
1t is believed to have been caused
by the impact of minor planet.
The attitudes of the mountains
can be determined by the shadows
they cast. The moon is complete
ly without atmosphere or mois-
ture. Consequently there is no
process for the wearing down of
mountains which are thrown up
by internal convulsions.
The great telescope has been
trained especially on the planet
Mars. only other possible place of
life in the solar system. The pic
lures show greater detail but add
little towards solving the possi-
bility of Martian life. White
CLOUDS are shown floating over
the polar caps and the canal
zone, which turns green in sum-
mer and brown in autumn. is
Evening star., 1952-12-16
Korean Officers Visit
Norfolk Naval Base
By the Associated Press

NORFOLK, Va, Dec. 16.-The
Chief of Naval Operations of the
Republic of Korea and the COM
mandant of the Korean Marine
Corps flew to Norfolk yesterday
to spend two days inspecting
naval activities.
Vice Admiral Sohn came from
New York. Maj. Gen. Shin Zoor
arrived, from an inspection o1
Camp Lejeune, N. c.
The officers will stay here until
tomorrow. when they will leave
on the first leg of the trip home
They are spending II days in
the United States at the invitation
of Admiral w. M. Fechteler
U. S. NJ, chief of naval operations
Evening star., 1952-12-16
DR.. Andrews Is Appointed
Assistant Surgeon General
BY the Assoeiosed Press

Appointment of DR.. Justin M.
Andrews as assistant surgeon gen.
eral to the Public Health Service
and associate chief of its Bureau
of State Services, was announced
yesterday.
Surg. Gen. Leonard A. Scheele
said DR.. Andrews. now chief of
the health services communicable
disease center in Atlanta, Ga, will
direct the field research program
of the Bureau of State Services.
of State services.
DR.. Scheele also announced that
Dr.. Theodore J. Bauer, now chief
of the division of venereal disease
here. will take over DR.. Andrews
job in Atlanta on January 5.
Evening star., 1952-12-16
The Federal Spotlight
The Federal Spotlight
The Star Chompioned Causes
|OfU. S. Workers for 100 Years
By Joseph Youno

Since that day exactly 100 years
Iago. when The Star published its
first edition. Government en-
Iployes and their problems have
always had strong champion in
this newspaper.
The Star and the Federal serv-
ice have grown up together dur
ing the past 100 years. which has
seen the Nations Capital become
Evening star., 1952-12-16
Little Hope Held for Sc
Still in Flooded Mine
By the Associated Pr...

MANILA, Dec. 16.-A rescue
party today worked to reach Sc
miners trapped deep in a gold
mine Monday when a river broke
through it's walls, but a mine Off
Icial said: I'VE are sure the mer
are dead"
j. v. Stapler of Marsman &
Co.. agent for the United Paracale
Mine in southeastern Luzon, said
the whole mine was flooded when
the river cracked the wall of the
400-foot-deep shaft.
Evening star., 1952-12-16
The Weather Here and Over the Not;~7

District - Mostly sunny this
afternoon, high about As. Fair to-
night. low near 80. Tomorrow
sunny and milder.
Maryland and Virginia - Fair
tonight, low $3.50. Tomorrow
mostly sunny and milder.
Wind-WeSt southwest, 10 miles
per hour national Airport at
1925 am
Five-day Forecast for Washington
and Vicinity, December 17-21.
Temperatures will be about nor
NAL for the period. Washington
Evening star., 1952-12-16
Spurkmon in Honq Kono

HONG KONG, Dec. 16 (P.-
Senator Sparkman. Democrat. OF
Alabama, arrived today from
Bangkok and expressed belief that
1.-THE Mutual Security Administra.
|tion is making headway against
communism is Asia. He is trying
to determine whether small firms
overseas can do business with small
American enterprises through
MSA. He will fly to Formosa to-
morrow. st.s
Evening star., 1952-12-16
Eisenhower's Stress
On Deeds Taken as
Hint Of Offensive
BY Robert Eunson
Associated Press Stoff Writer

TOKYO, Dec. 16.-President-
elect Eisenhower conclusion that
the Communists can be impressed
'only by deeds" was interpreted
by some Allied military sources in
Japan and Korea to mean the
United Nations will be taking the
offensive in Korea. possibly with
an amphibious landing.
Before his visit to Korea, mill
tary leaders planned to inform
Gen. Eisenhower that the only
hope for an end to the Korean
conflict was a military one.
Gen. Eisenhower'S statement on
a! wing in New York seemed to
b out the belief that as Com
mander in Chief of United States
armed forces he would order an
end to the year-old stalemate.
%. We face an enemy We can
not hope to impress by words.
however eloquent, but only by
deeds-executed under circum-
stances OF our own choosing"
Front Quiet for Year.
In those "a words. Gen. Eisen-
hover not only seemed to say he
would take the wraps off Gen.
Mark Clark's Far East command.
but also that the armistice talks
could result in nothing more than
wasted words and time.
One year ago last month, when
a cease fire line was agreed upon
= at Panmunjom, quiet settled over
the cold Korean front.
The battle line has changed
very little and neither side has
elected to attack in an effort to
force a breakthrough. While Gen.
Clark and Gen. James A. Van
Fleet. his Korea commander, have
been under orders only to hold.
the Communists have made the
most of the opportunity to build
up in depth.
1t is doubtful now if Gen. Clark
has enough troops to smash
through the 100000 Communist
soldiers facing him.
Might Build Up Force.
Therefore Eisenhower must
have a way in mind to build up
the 9th Army to a real striking
force.
Gen. Clark has these forces
available: 10 American divisions,
including two in Japan, the;
British Commonwealth Division,
ii Republic of Korea divisions,
and smaller units from Greece,
Thailand, France. Ethiopia. Tur-
key, Colombia, the Netherlands.
the Philippines and Belgium. He
also has two air forces and the
United States 7th Fleet, includ-I
ing planes and Warships from al
number OF the United Nations. :
If that force were bolstered by
three or four divisions from Ma
tionalist China and perhaps many
additional thousands more South
Korean troops still in training,
Gen. Clark conceivably could take
the offensive. I
Amphibious Strike Seen.
Where would we strike? h
It is not revealing classified
information to say that the Com
munists are suckers for a body
punch.
The 1st Marine Division land
ing at Inchon caught them fiat
footed.
The Reds are massed along the
front and are wide open for an
amphibious attack anywhere along
the two coasts.
Once a beachhead were secured, |
the next move would be to ham
mer a line right across the penin-
sula. Cutting the Reds supply
lines would result in complete
chaos and might bring the desired
military decision.
Evening star., 1952-12-16

Tile UlOSC ILL.,
por t a mt and
powerful city
on earth.
It's a far cry
from December
16, 1852, when
Washi n g t o n
W as st a
sleepy Southern
town. with only
a handful Of
Cover n m e n t
d e p a r t ments
and a total of
about 1000 en-
| ploYeS.
Evening star., 1952-12-16
Record Temperatures This v

Record Temperatures This Year.
Highest, 101 on June %.
Lowest. IS, on January 80,
High and Low Of Last "a Hours.
High, 36. at $50 am.
Low, %. at $50 am.
Evening star., 1952-12-16

normals are 43 high and % low.
A little milder at the beginning
of the period, colder Friday,
milder again Sunday. Some pre-
cipitation at the end of the period,
totaling about "a inch.
River Report.
(From u S. Englneers)
Potomac River muddy at Harpers Ferry
and slightly muddy at Great Falls; Shen-
andoah muddy at Harpers Ferry
Humidity.
tReadings at Washing ton National Airport.l
Evening star., 1952-12-16

Tide Tables
FURNISHED by United States Coast ana
Geodetic Survey
Evening star., 1952-12-16

The Sun and Moon.
Evening star., 1952-12-16

one-half hour after sunset.
Precipitation.
Monthly precipitation in inches in the
Capital tcurrent month to date):
Evening star., 1952-12-16

US. WEATHER BUREAU MAP
Department Of Commerce
Evening star., 1952-06-19
is New Witnesses Called
In Richmond Police Probe
By the Associated Press


RICHMOND, Va, June 49,
Fifteen new witnesses were tG
testify before a special grand jury
investigating alleged corruption
in the Richmond Police Depart
ment this morning.
An even dozen parsons-includ-
ing two prisoners from the Hust-
ings Court lockup-appeared be-
fore the jury yesterday before
it called brief recess. None OF
the witnesses was named MOI
was there any def1nitive informa-
ton on what they said.
Two, however, told reporters
they testified concerning bootleg
ging and illegal whisky sales in
the city. Another said he gave
I"hearsay evidence" on the num-
DerS racket.
The grand jury probe was
ordered by Judge John L. In
gram after Attorney Howard Car
vile, recent unsuccessful candi-
date for city council. charged that
members of the police department
were guilty of graft and bribe-
taking.
Evening star., 1952-06-19
Miller Predicts Report
.By Committee Will
Oppose FIuoride Now

An unfavorable report on the
immediate use of f1uoridation will
be given by the House committee
that held hearings on the subject,
a member of the group predicted
last night.
The statement was made by
Representative Miller, Republican,
of Nebraska at a public meeting
sponsored by the Citizens Com
Imittee on Fluoridation. The hear
ing was held by the House Select
Committee on Chemicals in Food
and Cosmetics.
II believe that at least four or
five (of the seven-man commit
tee) will vote against the universal
use of f1uoridation until further
experiments have been made" DR.
Miller asserted.
The committees report is ex-
!pected to be submitted by July J.,
he said.
Protests Haste.
DR.. Miller, who is a former
president of the Nebraska State
Medical Association and State
health director, declared he was
disappointed that the Public
Health Service did not advocate
that f1uoridation be withheld until
experiments have been COM
pleted."
There are other ways of Civ
ing f1uorides-in tablets, in milk
and so FORTH" he said. Some one
is rushing this thing along. There
is no emergency, and why zealots
are urging immediate use is be-
yond me-"
Fluoridation of the Districts
water supply is expected to begin
in two or three weeks. Machin-
cry is ready for operation, and
tests will begin late this week.
The citizens group voted to ap-
point a committee of at least
three members to study possible
action to prevent the f1uorida-
tion OF the District water. This
committee was authorized to
notify the District Commissioners
that another public hearing on
the question is desired by the as
Sociation.
This action followed a motion
passed by the group opposing the
f1uoridation plan until further
study is made.
Physicist Backs Use.
The fiuoridation program was
supported by Malcolm c. Hender-
son. a physicist with the Atomic
Energy Commission.
Mr.. Henderson asserted that
opposition testimony given at the
House committee hearings was
based entirely on possible dangers
and not on any proven facts.
II submit" he declared, that
we have been presented tonight
with what the lawyers call a
parade of imaginary horribles.
There are now 5 million persons
in the United States who are now
drinking water containing f1uo-
rides; and with no i'll effects, Mr..
Henderson declared.
Robert H. Reiter. a Washington
attorney who is counsel for the
association, presided at the meet
ing in the Washington Post Build
ing.
Evening star., 1952-06-19
Two in Falls Church Get
OAR Medal Awards

The Falls Church chapter of
the Daughters of the American
Revolution recently awarded its
Good Citizenship medal to Miss
Shirley Stearns. daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. E. j. Stearns. 933 Parker
street, Falls Church. Miss Stearns
attends the Falls Church High
School.
A medal for the best student in
American history was presented to
Charles Friend, son of Mr. and
Mrs. c. E. Friend, ZIG Monroe
street, Falls Church.
Evening star., 1952-05-14
Oklahoma Is PLANNING
To Leave Big Seven,
Omaha Report Says
BY the Associated Press

Rumors were flying at Omaha
yesterday that the University of
Oklahoma was preparing to pull
out of the Big Seven Conference
to become an independent or. if
possible, connect with the South
west Conference.
The Omaha World-H Herald re-
ported it learned that Oklahoma
has sent feelers to other Big
Seven schools to make sure foot
ball contracts will hold even if
the school should withdraw from
the conference.
At Norman, Okla, Bud Wilkin-
son, athletic director. declared the
report is without foundation.
The World Herald blamed the
SoonerS' attitude on, new Big
Seven rule which restricts recruit
ment of athletes.
Aims to Protect Schedule.
Wilkinson answered that the
disagreement over rules is being
overdrawn. adding: "Oklahoma
wants to do what's right. We're
not trying to force anything or
anybody. I'm confident the diff
ferences of opinion will be worked
out satisfactorily"
The controversy flared as pre-
lude to the spring meeting of Big
Evening star., 1952-05-14
LITTLE SPORT

Seven faculty representatives at
Norman this week end in connec-
tion with the conference track
carnival.
The rld-Herald went on to
say it believed Oklahoma would
quit the conference if it can be
assured it's football schedule
would remain intact.
The 1852 Sooner schedule in
.cludes six games with conference
schools. A Big Seven boycott
would cripple Oklahoma sports
schedules unless the school could
join the Southwest Conference.
Rejected by Southwest Group.
Meanwhile, at Fort Worth, DR..
Vernon Schuhardt. the Univer-
Isity of Texas faculty representa-
tive, told the Star-Telegram
Oklahoma had been sponsored at
the recent Southwest Conference
meeting and had been turned
down by the conference men,
berS.
The Texan said the official of
another Southwest Conference
Evening star., 1952-05-14
ICIuss D HurIer Fans n
In Nine-lnninq No-Hitter
By the Assoeioted Press

BRISTOL. Tenn, May 14.-Ron
Necciai, 19-year-old f1reballer
from Monongahela. Pa, struck out
~ men in nine innings here last
night for a no-hit performance
that gave the Bristol Twins of
the Appalachian League TO vic
tory over the Welch, w. Va.
Miners.
The towering 6-foot-5 youngster
walked two and hit one batter. A
fourth reached base on an error.
Necciai is subject to 24-hour re-
call to New Orleans, another Pitts
burgh farm club, where he played
briefly last year.
Evening star., 1952-05-14

school revealed Oklahoma tele-
phoned the information it was
available-and was willing to let
the conference supervise its ath-
letics until the Sooners could be-
come full members.
Evening star., 1952-05-14
Giants Sign Big Center

NEW YORK, May IA (P).-The
New York Football Giants yes
terday announced the signing of
Quincy Armstrong. 23-year- old
center from North Texas State
College, Armstrong stands 6-3 and
weighs 23O pounds.
Evening star., 1952-05-14

Five years ago - Freddy
Hutchinson won his fifth
straight game as the Detroit
Tigers edged the Washington
Senators, 80,
Evening star., 1952-05-14
Fiqhts Lost Niqht
by the Associated Press


NEWARK. N. BILLY Black lS1 Phil
adelphia outpointed Archie Mcbride. 1S9
Trenton, s.
PORTLAND Me.-Charlie Goulart, 1854
Cambridge Mass, stopped Joe Grimard
1851. Bath, 6.
LONDON-Yolande Pompee. 16aIa
Trinidad. knocked out Giuliano Pancini
1864, Italy. 3.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-11-22
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER %, 1862

retia Tanoe, Vemetta Saunders.
Lois Jefferson, and Shirley Will
liams.
Delegates from Prentiss were:
Miss Geraldine Barnes, adviser;
Flossie M. Jones, Bettye J. Graves.
and Vardia Hawthorne. Rose Anita
Knowles represented Belzonia.
Elected delegates from Jackson
Y-Teen clubs were: Jessie Mae
Everage, Vice-President, Bettye
June Lewis, Magician Clay, and
Mrs. Mary Jones, adviser were
from Mary Jones. Delegates from
Laninr Y-Teen clubs We're: Cora
M. Banks, president of the senior
club, Junita Mallory, Rosa hicks and
Mary Allen President of one of
the Junior Y-Teen clubs. Helen Col
Inns, President of her club repre-
sented Smith Robertson. Catherine
Thames, represented Jim Hill.
Gladys Moray, President of her
club and Miss f. J. Plate, adviser
represented Brinkley. Delegates
from the School for the Deaf were:
Mrs. Charles C. Mosley. Jr., ad
wiser, Mary Lynch, Mozell Jack
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-11-22
Sale OF Christmas
Seals Started
his Week

The 1852 Christmas Seal Sale
will officially open next Monday,
November II, J. D. Ball, president
of the Kinds County tuberculosis
Association, announced today. AS
volunteer members of the Junior
League have gotten all Of the let
tiers ready to go out on time so
that every resident of Kinds Coun-
ty will receive their Christmas
Seals next Monday; also the post
ers have been distributed by vol
unteer workers, Mrs. T. J. Mar
land, chairman.
1t is everyone's privilege to help
in this fight against the Number
One health problem of Kinds Coun-
", t O.. Mr.. al. Only once a
year does an appeal 60 out from
Kinds County tuberculosis Associ-
alton for funds. However, the
money raised from the sale of
Christmas Seals carry on the year
round activity of tuberculosis con-
troll that is being conducted hv
&c ny IaDerculosis Associa-
ton.
He urged everyone to make a
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-11-22
State vt cen

Continued from Page One)
ty, evening prayers, election and
installation of officers.
DR.. Mei-Iung Ting was the con-