davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-05-31
BY Fronk o'Brien

ASSoCtotoo pb0SS StotI Wtuet
Political lightning always lurk-
ing at the summit Of Communist
high command has struck in Ro-
mania, toppling Ana Pauker, ruth
less friend Of Joseph Stain, from
her party jobs.
The news that she and other
key Communists had fallen was
relayed from the American Lega-
tion in Bucharest. 1t may be the
beginning Of the end for one of
the most feared and powerful
women since the Middle Ages
sway Of Lucretia Borgia and Cath
crime de Medici
Mrs. Pauker was a leading mem
ber of the Politburo (political cab
inet) of the Romanian Communist
Party. This writer interviewed
her and saw her frequently at pub
lie functions while a correspond
ent in Romania' after the Reds
took over. She was then consid-
cred Romania's leading Com
munist.
Oficial information thus faI
indicates Mrs. Pauker still has her
government jobs as Vice Premier
and Minister of Foreign Affairs
Reports in Vienna newspapers
said she already had been swept
from government as well as party
office. This would be in line with
usual Communist practice-real
authority rests on party position
which. once lost, carries away the
facade of elective government
office.
But big. mannish Ana Pauker
is'a woman-now in her 5Os-who
|clawed her way up from the
wretched ghetto of her native
Bucharest to membership in the
world Communist command. She
Ireportedly had her own husband
shot when he showed deviation
list" tendencies. It was a hard
route, one only a courageous and
resourceful fighter could travel.
No intermediate Step.
It would not be wise to count
her out until it is known definitely
that she Is in Communist
dungeon. In the Communist
world, there usually is no inter-
mediate stop between the seat OF
power and the keep.
If Ana Pauker is started down
the gloomy road of Communist
disgrace, one of her torments will
be exact knowledge of what will be
done to her. She helped develop
techniques for breaking nations
and men. and has applied them
with no known piety.
Yet she is a woman who ad.
dresses q bedraggled slum Grove
with the tenderness Of a mother
cooling over a cradle. inspiring
tears and fond cries of "Tovarist
Any, Tovarish Any" Conrad,
Annie). The writer saw this a
a number of mass meetings il
Bucharest.
Mrs. Pauker's party fall was th'
puzzler in a major Shakeup o
Romania' Communist dominates
government. The report from tn,
United States legation. received il
the State Department yesterday
quoted official reports in Bucha
rests censored press. n
Evening star., 1952-05-31
Six Red Delegates
To j. n. Walk Out al
Roosevelt Service
By the A.seeiatsd Pres.

HYDE PARK, N. Y, May 81
Six Communist delegates to the
United Nations walked out on a
Memorial Day service for Frank
lin D. Roosevelt when W.. Averell
Hartman said the Soviets turned
traitor to the cause Of peace.
The six delegates-two each
from Russia, Poland and Czecho-
Slovakia-are members of the
U. N. Economic and Social Coun-
Gil. They were part of some so
members of the council invited
to attend the annual grave site
services yesterday for the late
President.
When the six arrived Mr.. Har-
riman. Mutual Security Admin
istrator. was speaking.
Promoted Tyranny of Own.
"It has not been easy to keep
bright the principles of Franklin
Roosevelt since he died." MIR.
Hartman said, adding:
In the international field a
former ally which we had helped
save from destruction, in order
that it might join in destroying
Nazi tyranny, turned traitor to
the cause of peace and interna-
tional good faith, and promoted
an even more terrible tyranny
of its own.
'The foundations Of a perma-
nent peace which it indorsed at
San Francisco began to break
into pieces"
The six delegates strode from
the hedge-enclosed rose garden
where Mr.. Roosevelt is buried.
The six men refused to give their
names or comment on their ac-
ton. Others in the party claimed
not to know their names.
Mrs. Roosevelt Present.
Witnessing the walk-out were
the Presidents widow and two OF
her sons. Representative Franklin
D. Roosevelt. jr.. and John.
Commented Mrs. Roosevelt:
You'd know they'd have to dc
that"
Later Mr.. Hartman, once
United States Ambassador to Rus
Sia. issued statement saying:
"This is an old trick Of the
Kremlin. The Soviet propaganda
has followed the line that ali
Americans since President Roose-
velt have been warrnongelS.
They obviously went to Hyde
Park to promote this propaganda
and got caught in their own tiick
Evening star., 1952-05-31
Civilian Engineer Retires

Carl B. Wolf. 903 South Orme
street, Arlington. has retired after
is years Of Federal service, IL of
them with the Corps Of Engineers.
Ia civilian engineer with the corps.
Mr.. Wolf has worked with it in
Pennsylvania and Panama ss well
as here. RI
Evening star., 1952-05-31
Georgetown Nurses
To Hear FSA Official

Miss Mary E. Switzer, director
of the Federal Security Agency
Office of Vocational Rehabilita-
ton, will address the graduating
class of Georgetown University
School Of Nursing at 4 pm. to-
morrow.
Miss Switzer is a member of the
Alexandria Hospital Board of Di-
Irectors and chairman Of the hos
pitfalls nursing committee.
Evening star., 1952-05-31

when I stated the facts Of their
betrayal Of the cause Of peace"
Mr.. Hartman, candidate for
the Democratic Presidential NOM
nation. eulogized his late chief
for giving America q blueprint
for domestic security and social
progress" n
Evening star., 1952-03-23

tendent. Miss Winifred Thomp-
son. has refused to accept the
half-measure limitations Of the
Districts slow moving child care
system. She has begged and
borrowed from the community,
on an individual basis. the things
her institution needs. The COM
munity has responded generously
with aid that the system has
prevented it from providing on
an organized basis. It has given
the. Annex equipment. facilities
and volunteer labor gifts with
out which the institution would
hardly have been able to func-
ton at all.
Volunteers have stated and
equipped the Annex's nursery
school. They have provided all
equipment for indoor and OUT
door play activities. They have
provided cribs and high chairs
when there were not enough to
60 around. They have supplied
shoes and clothing for children
leaving the institution, as pro-
vided by law-the official cloth
ing allowance barely outfits the
resident population. They have
provided needed extra food for
the children. They are respon-
sible for the paint. the curtains
and bedspreads. They have tiled
bathrooms and replaced cement
floors.
These things would not have
been done If the Annex had
relied, as it is supposed to
rely. on funds granted 1t by
the government. A few persons
can take great satisfaction. in
this case, at the thought they
have done their best for the
children. Whether this can be
said Of the city as q whole is
another matter.
3. Home School
There have been plans to
move the Industrial Home
School from its present location,
2453 Wisconsin avenue NV.
since 1894. The move now
seems ready to come on; q con-
tract soon viii be signed for con-
struction Of new buildings at
Laurel. Construction viii take
Is to 10 months. The change
hardly comes too soon: None Of
the Home Schools present build
ings is new. and the main build
ing. the original Georgetown
Aims House. dates from 1927.
This is the boys building
they all sleep on the third floor,
with younger boys in a separate
dormitory. Older boys have to
Evening star., 1952-03-23

The IRE hazard posed by use
Of the third floor OF Washing
ton Hall viii be increased when
this building is taken over by
small children from the Annex.
Annex attendants, who say they
have been kept awake In Lin
coin by thoughts Of what would
happen If fire began to sweep
the dried-out structure, will be
in for more sleepless nights In
their new home.
The training school was to
have been the next institution
to move to Laurel. The $86, 900
item knocked out Of this years
budget would have provided
funds with which to plan this
move.
Evening star., 1952-03-23

years. The details change, but
the basic situation does not.
The people Of the District. and
the gentlemen In Congress. react
with shock each time they are
reminded how little has been
done for the children. and how
long It is taking to do ANYTHING
even In these enlightened days.
The question remains whether
shock Is enough to react with.
Some day, it would seem. there
viii have to be some other re-
action. The reaction necessary
Is one with enough momentum
to push through to comp'ef'@'l
the plan which has been In the
files so long.
At the Industrial Home Annex
last week. Winifred Thompson
stood by the play area, watching
the children run races. Two BY
two, they lined up beside the
attendant--the little ones, white
and black. boys and girls. Go"
said the attendant. and they ran
TO o chalk line on the cement
at the end Of the compound.
then back where they had come
from.
"You have done fine work
here q reporter said. Miss
Thompson smiled. and shrugged
wearily. THE children were
there" she said. Somebody
had to do something"
The trouble seemed TO be, a.
always, that there just were not
enough people who could feel
that way hard enough.
Evening star., 1952-03-23

quently referred to the Execu-
tive Mansion as the White
House.
Presided PoIoce'
It is obvious, then, that the
name white House" did not
result from the coats Of white
paint applied to the building In
1917. Historical evidence shows
that. from It's very beginning.
the building was known by sew
eral names-"the Presidial Pal-
ace" "the Presidents Palace"
"the Presidents House" and
''the White House."
Mai. L,Enfant, In describ-
ing the proposed building. gave
1t the name. "the Presidential
Palace" and some members Of
the Congress took up the use Of
this name IN their speeches and
Evening star., 1952-03-23

Home Annex, the Blue Plains
situation is better than the city
has any right to expect it to be.
Busy Honds
Wendell p. Tucker. the Negro
superintendent, keeps his young
charges as busy as possible; they
spend much Of their time doing
what they can to make the In
stitution habitable. Merely
maintaining the homes 2 miles
Of roadway is a good-sized job,
for 1t has been As years since
the city last spent any money
on these roads.
The institution has Q theo-
retical capacity Of ITO boys.
aged 8 to II. including both
dependents and mild delin-
quents. It's actual population
often is higher than that. The
average stay is seven months,
and every effort is made to
rehabilitate the children. Mr..
Tucker wishes he had facilities
for teaching them things like
general science and auto re-
pairing, but he has been un-
able to get the necessary funds.
The Home School for colored
is built on the cottage plan:
There are two large cottages and
three small ones for housing the
boys, which permits better sepa-
Evening star., 1952-03-23
By Francis de Sales Ryon

- Legend has 1t that the name
white House." as applied to
the Executive Mansion here,
came into use soon after the
restored Executive Mansion had
received several coats Of daz-
zling white paint in 1917. The
paint repeatedly was intended
to cover all the marks OF the
fire started by the British In
vaders on the night Of August
"a, 1914.
This Is the explanation given
in many current histories Of
the White House, and passed
on by lecturers and writer's on
Washington history.
It Is not. however, the correct
explanation. The Executive
Mansion was called the White
House in popular usage long
before the White House IRE OF
1914, and before the repaint-
ing Job Of 1917. The fact is
that It was called the White
House from the time It was
being built.
Bock in 1871
On April "a. 1sl1-three
years before the IRE and six
years before the painting Sir
Francis jackson, who had been
Minister from the Court Of st.
James to the United States. de-
ecribed himself as 20 sort OF
political conductor to attract
the lightning that may issue
from the crowds, around the
Capitol and the White House
at Washington"
During the following year, on
March 10, 1812--two years be-
fore the fire and five years
before the painting -Represen.
tative Abijaih BigeloW Of Mas
sachusetts. In q letter 70 his
wife, wrote:
There is much trouble ct the
White HouSe-aS We call IT.
I mean the Presidents"
Ok June %. i613-one zeal
Evening star., 1952-03-23

vate room, and most Of whom
lack normal instincts Of self
preservation. Many Of these de-
fective infants have been COM
mitted to Laurel by well-to-do
families on advice Of private
physicians. ParentS who are
able to, pay for care In propor-
ton to their income.
Ideally, officials say, the
Training School should be twice
its size. The rllle-of- thumb
estimate Is that one-fifth of !
per cent Of o city's population
Is Of such low mentality that
Institutional care Is indicated.
The District, with 8O2, 900
people, should have . capacity
Of about 1900 In its feeble
minded institution.
Perhaps the greatest short
coming Of the Training School
IS the lack Of school facilities.
Many high ; grade nnorons
among the inmates could be
released after training to live
useful lives--if such training
existed. But because Of lack Of
funds, this institution must fail
utterly to live up to the purpose
indicated by It's name.
Evening star., 1952-03-23
How the White House Got Its Name

before the fire and four years
before the painting--a George
town ID. Co., newspaper, the
Federal Republican and Com
mercial Gazette. referred to
President James Madison as
"Napoleon's fretful minion In
the White House." In this same
newspaper there appeared early
In 1914 o series Of editorials,
signed 'Publius." criticizing the
President and making frequent
reference to the white House" !"
In Documents Relating to the
New England Federation, "
Henry Adams. the eminent his
torian. presents several historic
cal papers Of the years 1873
and 1914 In which the Executive
Mansion is referred to as the
White House. During the years
1911 and 1914 newspapers fire.
Evening star., 1952-03-23
4. IHs for .coIored

The Industrial Home School
for Colored Children. at Blue
Plains, has as good q setup as
any juvenile institution in the
District. This In itself is an
interesting commentary on the
system as a whole. for several
buildings involved date from
the founding Of the school in
1907. It is. however, another
example Of the fact that what
ever is wrong with Washing
toms ,child-care system, the
fault cannot be explained in
terms of any failure Of officials
on the scene to make the best
Of what they have to work with.
Like that at the Industrial
Evening star., 1952-03-23

letters. LEnfant, In conversa-,
ton, always spoke Of the man
sion as "the Palace" and so did
the artisans and workmen Of the
day.
George Washington himself
invariably spoke Of 1t, as "the
Presidents House." and that
became almost an oficial usage.
although many preferred "the
Presidents Palace"
In widespread popular usage
from the very beginning, how
ever, It was the white House,"
so-called out Of affectionate re-
gard for the old Virginia home
Of Martha Washington -"the
White House"--the home In
which Martha had lived for
many years: the home In which
she became the bride Of George
washington.
THE White House was So
called In honor Of the Virginia
home Of Mrs. washington, In
which her wedding occurred, I"
wrote Mrs. Laura G. Holloway,
an. early authority on White
House history Gin an old stand
ard work, Ladies Of the White
Hcuse'). washington had
pleasant memories Of that resi-
dence.n she sdded. aand sug-
gested the building Of . white
house for the Presidents"
Wed Al CcndIeIieht
It was ID the drawing room of
.the White House. Z In the pres
ence Of the Governor Of Vir-
ginia and many distinguished
guests, that George washington
and Martha Dandridge were
married. at candlelight. on
january 8, 1850.
It was out of this feeling oi
/ deep respect for the traditions
which Martha washington
transplanted 10 the home ot
Presidents that the stately edi-
nee came to be known as the
White House. Those 1917 coats
q paint we're merely incidental
Evening star., 1952-03-23

60 to the basement to wash and
dress. They have no lockers:
their clothes are piled on open
shelves. The younger boys have
their lavatory on the first floor.
The plumbing breaks down con-
stantly. and owing to faulty
drainage the 1avatory frequently
is under an inch Of water. The
girls building Is less dark and
dirty, but is seriously over.
crowded. Eighteen girls sleep In
one bedroom "a feet square.
The institution has q capacity
of 80 boys and IS girls. white,
aged 9 to II, including mild de-
linquents and dependents not
suited to. foster homes because
of behavior problems. Though
the average stay of the children
is eight months, there is no
gymnasium and no recreation
director. There is, however. an
energetic school program. Re-
Gently the boys themselves
painted the main building. at q
saving Of 5000. No amount Of
paint. however. can hide the
CRIME Of centuries.
Eagerly as Home School Of
i1cials look forward to the move
to Laurel. they, too. are con-
cerned about ono Of the Laurel
plan construction items cut
from this years budget. This
was q request for $440. 900 to
provide staff quarters for their
institution. They fear that If
the Home School move is made
and no staff quarters are avail
able. they will lose badly-needed
workers. Laurel is 81 miles
from the District, and there are
no adequate rental accommoda-
tions In the vicinity.
In the District child care pic
ture, 1t seems. every silver lining
has its cloud.
Evening star., 1952-03-23
The Attitude

This Is q story which could
have been written In fact has
been written. III one way or an
s0ther, over and over again AT
almost any time In the last 50
Evening star., 1952-03-23

Is possible in institutions CEN
tered in one large building. The
idea Is that when Mr.. Truckers
organization finally moves to
Laurel, these buildings will be
taken over by the Industrial
Home School Annex. Old as the
buildings are, the change will be
q welcome one for Miss Thomp-
sons crowded family.
5. Troining School for Girls
As originally conceived, the
National Training School for
Girls was q corrective institution
for delinquents. and long ago
its population was limited to
colored. Last year, however. the
school had to begin taking in
girls who were merely depend
ent, because there is no other
public institution In the District
to take them. The District has
been able to get away with not
providing such an institution for
Is years because there has been
a private home at Croome. Md,
which has housed IS Of these
girls. The rest could be shipped
to other institutions In Balti-
more. Now. however, the Croome
organization Is closing. And so.
in July, As more dependent girls
viii come to the Training School.
more than doubling Its popula-
ton to q figure Of 30.
They win come to an insti-
tuition torn by runaways, riot
ing and rebellion. depressed by
years Of struggle against I'M
possible conditions. The girls
range In age from IL to II.
Confined there ct present are
IL delinquent girls who are
among the most serious Of
tenders the school has ever had.
They include two drug addicts.
receiving no treatment; two
feeble-minded delinquents and
several prostitutes.
Forced to Minele
The Training School. We have
seen, is presently In the WASH
ington Building on It's Lough-
borough road reservation. but Is
about to shift over to the even
older Lincoln Building. In an
attempt to keep its dependent
population apart from the de-
linquents, It also has taken over
one cottage on the reservation
and Is about to take over an
other. These cottages have
been housing star members Of
the Training School and the
Annex. When the moves to the
cottages are complete it will
finally be possible to separate
the relatively innocent girls
from the relatively criminal
ones at least for sleeping pur-
poses. The girls viii. however.
have to continue to mingle for
any recreation they may re-
ceive, indoors or outdoors, and
also IN school or training pro-
grams. The sole outdoor recrea-
tion area available IS equipped
with one broken swing.
The Washington Building Is
much like the Lincoln Building
with the third floor still in
use. Its interior. q dark place
fun of cracked and fallen plas-
Ter. has not been painted for
years. Windows. smashed BY
the girls in riots. have simply
been boarded up. There Is no
money for repairs. Besides, the
one maintenance man" must
spend his time standing guard
6dty.
Evening star., 1952-03-23
6. District Training School

This 28-year-old institution
at Laurel is. according to United
Community Services. "a monu-
nent to the waste Of space,
energy and money involved
when q program designed to
meet an urgent need Of the
community is dragged slowly
and tortuously through 20 to so
yards Of annual budgets" It
has 16 of the so buildings
planned for 1t. Presumably by
the time the building program
is completed, buildings now
modern and useful viii be over
age.
The training school Is de-
signed to take care of every kind
Of feeble-minded patient. Its
capacity Of 750 is not filled. As
of last week. there were 701
inmates, including mental de-
fectives as old as "a. The bulk
Of admissions, however, are
children.
Theory and Practice
Those committed to the school
fall into three categories. rang
ing in order from the dullest to
the most acute: Idiots. imbeciles,
morons. The theory of treat
ment is to keep these classes Of
patients separate, because each
class is In q different stage OF
mental development.
At Laurel, however, there are
cases where two classes are
mixed. The result is that rela-
lively more advanced but still
irresponsible patients In the
imbecile category are free to
relieve their sadistic urges at
the expense of helpless idiots.
The school has II buildings
wholly or partially devoted to
living quarters. Some Of these
are seriously overcroWded, while
others have empty beds. The
cottage for moronic white fe-
males has q bed capacity Of ~,
but Q population Of 80. while
that for moronic colored men
has Q T2-bed capacity but o
population Of only Il.
Delinqpents. Too
"a q cottage with other defec-
tive colored males, several de-
linquents are kept. These de-
linQuents Are not wanted at the
training school but there is no
other place to put them. They
frequently run away. Many are
yenereally infected. prone to
thievery or given 20 abnormal
sexual habits.
Fifty babies are housed IN a
nursery on the second door
Of the administration hospital
building. one nurse is on duty
at night to watch over the chil7
6fen. each Of whom has . PR
Evening star., 1952-08-03

This proof of Cavaliers mildness counts be-
cause it comes from group after group of smokers
from coast to coast! They compared Cavaliers
with the brand they had been smoking - that
included all the other leading brands, perhaps
the brand you smoke and OUT OF 10
ruE WASHINGTON STAR PICTORIAL MAGAZINE. AUGUST ,.
Evening star., 1952-08-03
Yes, in every group Interviewed at e'
Bout Of 10 said CAVALIERS ARE MILDH

smokers in every group said Cavaliers are
milder! So, since mildness is important in SO
many ways to your smoking enjoyment, smoke
kng.size Cavaliers! Cavaliers fine, light tobaccos
are blended in special ,Oay to bring out mild.
ness and favor you'll really enjoy.
j. Reynolds Co.. winston Saleu
Evening star., 1952-08-03
Summer Outing Camps
Mark Fiftieth Year

AN IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARY is being observed today
"A near Triangle Va 1t is the 50th anniversary OF the
Summer Outings Committee which operates Camps Good
Pleasant The camps are the outgrowth OF very
humble beginning 1902 1926 raised by group
of Washngonans give underpvieged children street
the trees and fresh air OF suburban areas
From this grew the establishments they now exist and
l948 the facilities of both extended to phys
cay handicapped children for the latter half Of the summer
The camps then are known Wonderland and Sunshine
It is luxury these children wouldn't get it weren't for
voluntary contributions from Washngtonians, GoodWln
and supported in part by The Evening Star
Summer Camp Fund; Wonderland and Sunshine by other
funds Both Goodwill and Pleasant holding open house
from to pm. today.