davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-09-14
By Duncon Aikmon

display in his quiver-no doubt for
future bargaining purposes.
The facts are that Ibanez has
plenty of motives for appearing to
be conciliatory at present. and plenty
to bargain about with Washington.
All this has to do with Chile's needs
for United States aid to solve its ap-
palling economic and inflationary
problems and with Ibanez' major
strategy in the election campaign.
Ibanez won his decisive plurality
imitation, as it has piled up under
the six-year administration of sitting
President Gabriel Gonzalez -Videla.
Ibanez has promised to do something
about it. This apparently had an
enormous appeal for the Chilean
women, who voted for the first time
in this months election. Housewives
have been plagued by the chronic
descent of the pesos value, and rises
in living costs beyond the buying
power of soaring paper wages.
Needs Credit
But to do anything effective about
imitation, Ibanez needs a strong line
of credit which ostensibly only can
be had from the United States. A
part of Chile's currency troubles have
been due to the republics ventures
in various industrialization projects
oil development in TERRA del Fuego,
for instance, a steel mill at Huach-
ipato and state-owned railways.
These measures were supported,
apart from some initial American
and Export-I Import Bank help, by
shoe-string government financing.
None of these operations is return
ing enough profit as yet to benefit
the government as investor-creditor.
Ibanez badly needs to be bailed out
on all Of them. Even more he needs
line Of credit for farm machinery
Evening star., 1952-09-14
By Crosby S. Noyes

He's just about the folksiest, most
down n-to-earth, ordinariest fellow
you are ever likely to meet, in or out
of politics. He's an honest, straight
shooting American citizen-the kind
that 80 out of every 100 we meet on
the street is" He's the kind who
really hates to make speeches and
who would much rather ''be down
among you and saying, Hi. folks.
He's the man who believes most any,
thing is possible IF we try to estab-
lish a feeling of Good morning,
Neighbor' instead of Well, who are
you?'"
Old Ike Eisenhower, like everybody
else. is "a little bit frightened" when
dealing with economists because I
usually don't know what they're talk
ing about" His wife, lately, has been
giving him the dickens about prices,
and to him, $4OO is still lot of
bucks"
AS politician. Old Ike may be
Evening star., 1952-09-14
Noguibs Dictatorship Is Evolutionary Not Revolutionary

which reforms should be attempted,
was dallying.
There was pressure upon Naguib
from his associates, and he saw a
risk to his own plans for genuine
progress. Temporizing with the Wafd
was becoming obviously dangerous.
The blueprint of the land reforms
promised enough in improved po-
litical morale of the country to risk
endangering the agricultural econ
omy. So Ally Maher's resignation was
arranged. under what seem to be har-
monious circumstances. He is now
representing the government at the
Arab League meetings. Nearly so
other leaders of the Wafd Party and
the palace clique were arrested. Ma
guib himself took the Office of pre-
mier and named a new cabinet.
Publication of the land-reform law
in the official journal, making it eff
fective, was scheduled and a tough
set of rules for Reorganization of
political parties was promulgated.
Some provision for self-determina-
tion was left to the political parties
for period of 80 days. But the doom
of veteran political manipulators
seems certain.
Elections are still tentatively
scheduled for February. Naguib has
said he would relinquish his civilian
Office at that time. Observers, who
have been inclined to take him at
his word from the beginning, are still
willing to take him on that basis
now. But it is clear that he does not
intend to step out of the drivers seat
until and unless he has established
new political order in the country.
The events of the week have probably
increased his personal power within
the nine-man' army committee, as
well as in the country at large.
On the external side, Naguib has
deliberately refrained from state
ments that would hurt his position
at home or compromise his eventual
bargaining position abroad. He has
let it be known, informally, that he
would prefer to hold off such prob
lens as the Anglo-Egyptian dispute,
the possibility of association with a
Middle East defense organization.
and an eventual resolution of Israeli
Egyptian bitterness until he has ac-
complished his domestic objectives.
To this degree he has indicated an
intent to be reasonable about the
foreign question. But he will be lead
ing from secure position as strong
man" of Egypt.
Evening star., 1952-09-14
Ch|es bonez Avoids Biting the Hand That May Feed Him

Chile's new President-elect, Gen.
Carlos Ibanez del Campo, is an aging
but stormy character who so far has
had a rough ride with the American
press. He is a close personal and
probably political friend of President
Juan Domingo Peron of Argentina,
the Washington Governments chief
adversary in Latin America. He chose
Buenos Aires, Perons capital, as the
place from which to announce his
candidacy.
At the polls on September 4 he
won a smashing plurality of 46.6 per
cent in a field of four candidates.
The victory was accomplished with
the known aid of propaganda mate
rial shipped across the Andes from
Argentina. Manifestly it was paid
for by the Peronists.
Fought U. S. Tie
During his campaign Ibanez vio-
lently opposed ratification of a mill
tary aid agreement for Hemisphere
defense with the United States. This
pact was subsequently adopted in the
Chilean Senate by a vote of IS to 6.
Since the election, his responsible
lieutenants have announced that he
will demand the agreements abro-
cation. They also have maintained
that the Ibanez regime will resume
fractured diplomatic relations with
Soviet Russia. 1t also has been pre-
dicted that Ibanez will free the
Chilean Communist movement, esti-
mated to have voting strength of
from $4,000 to 10000, from its under
ground status. and permit it to func-
ton as a legal political party.
Ibanez supporters have threatened
naturalization of the copper mines,
80 per cent owned by United States
capital. They propose to sell copper
to Russia if naturalization should
injure Chile's American markets. In
Evening star., 1952-09-14
Gen. Eisenhower Is Fishing for His Political Personality

NEW YORK.-In the development
Of the political campaigns this year,
the American people are being
treated to an interesting and COM
paratively rare phenomenon - the
birth of a brand-new political figure
in the Republican candidate for
President.
At this stage, it seems difficult to
underestimate the extent of the
metamorphosiS that Gen. Eisenhower
has undergone since his five-star days
in Europe. Irrevocably uprooted from
a way of life and system of think
ing that he had known since boy
hood, he has been whiSked suddenly
onto the pinnacle of a strange world,
thrust under spotlight of merciless
publicity and told to do his stuff.
What this process has demanded of
the man in the way of personal and
private readjustment is something
which only a few people are in a
position to know. But so far as his
public personality is concerned-that
superficial and often largely mythical
kIIdA dCVCA WAACAA dAA u1CA AA PuUllC
life seem to create for themselves
the change has been dramatic and
obvious to everyone.
Spiritual Cocoon
It seems almost as if the general,
since his return to this country. has
gone into kind of spiritual cocoon,
from which now, in the fullness of
the political season, he is emerging.
To be sure, the new Eisenhower is
still indistinct and possessed of an
almost chameleon-like quality for
rapid changes, but the broad outlines
Of new character are there.
Vestiges of the colorful and con-
fident leader of men still remain
There is still the tendency to speak
in military terms to party workers;
to play the role of the general re-
viewing and encouraging his troops
on the eve of battle. But there is
an unreal, almost nostalgia quality
about this appeal to the past.
On occasion, the new Eisenhower
appears as the full-armed politician
serious, competent and fully briefed
on the problems before him. This is
perhaps the role that most Of his
supporters expected him to step into
naturally. 1t is also, however, the
role which the candidate plays to
date with the least assurance, and
Evening star., 1952-09-14
Farm Vote

Gov. Stevenson and Gen. Eisen-
hover are using the same tools to
harvest farm votes.
Both presidential candidates favor
the fundamentals of the present
farm program. Their agreement ex-
tends even to admitted befuddlement
over what to do about the price OF
broccoli.
All of this became clear when Gov.
Stevenson and Gen. Eisenhower ad-
dressed farmers at Kasson. Mimi.
Farmers watching the political arena
had to number the players to tell the
candidates programs apart.
Favored by both candidates were:
Government support of prices on six
major crops at 80 per cent of parity
for at least two more years; similar
support for some lesser crops that
can be stored; greater farmer par
ticipation in running the agricultural
program; as little RECOMMENDATION of
farmers as possible, and continued
programs for soil conservation. rural
electricity and rural telephones.
Perlshobles Problem
But each candidate came cropper
when he approached the problems
of broccoli and other perishable
products. The administration has
supported prices on commodities like
wheat, corn and cotton by buying
them up-or offering loans on them
and putting them in storage. This
keeps them off the market and
pushes prices up.
The administration also has
wanted to give price support to
perishables such as vegetables, eggs,
dairy products and pork. But these
items cannot be stored satisfactorily.
This prompted Secretary of Agri-
culture Brannan to propose the So
called Brannan Plan after the last
presidential elections. Under this
plan, farmers would sell their perish
able crops for what the market would
pay. If the Agriculture Department
thought growers were not getting
fair" price, the Government would
make up the difference with direct
subsidy to farmers.
Deorth Of Alternatives
Congress rejected this scheme, and
Secretary Brannan now denies that
any such thing as a Brannan Plan
exists. But he favors the direct
payment proposal and challenges
every one to think of something
better.
Gov. Stevenson couldn't. Neither
could Gen. Eisenhower.
Both candidates agreed that the
best way to keep farm prices UP is
to expand markets and insure big
demand through a prosperous Ameri-
can economy. Gen. Eisenhower hoped
farm prices would 60 to 100 per cent
Of parity, instead of stopping near
the support level Of 80 per cent.
Congress has decreed price sup
ports at 80 per cent Of parity for the
next two years on six crops-wheat.
corn. rice. cotton. tobacco and pea
nuts. This is the part Of the farm
Evening star., 1952-09-14

clique took over the military first
and the government next. It was
done in matter of hours with hardly
a drop of blood shed and hardly
public commotion of any kind. A
few days later, Farouk had abdi-
Gated and was on his way to exile.
Growing Pains
The first growing pains of the evo-
luton began at that point. Leader
of the army junta is its oldest and
highest ranking officer. Maj. Gen.
Mohamrned Naguib. A professional
soldier, but also educated at law,
unusual in the Egyptian military.
Naguib had proved his capacities as
fighter and leader in the Palestine
war. The defeats and the causes for
them-traceable largely to the polit-
ical corruption of the ruling minor
ity-had ranked within him.
In the years between, Naguib had
dissected the problem. established an
intellectual kinship with some of the
younger officers, and had pided his
Evening star., 1952-09-14
By John C.. Henry

Egypt is suffering today more from
evolution than from revolution.
And in this instance the term
suffering" does not denote agony as
much as it denotes the straining of
basic force that too long has been
chained. 1t is force that can loosely
be called nationalism but it is ma
tionalism that has deeper and more
responsible tone than some of the
comparable manifestations that have
cropped up in many parts of the
postwar world.
The responsible aspects of Egyptian
nationalism arise out of the fact that
Egypt is truly civilized country by
Western definition, with political and
economic systems that are orthodox.
Egyptian nationalism, or at least that
part of it which is controlling the
country'S destiny today, is not one
that is blind to the interdependence
of nations or the realities of goth
century existence. It does not wish
to draw desert wall around the
lengthy Nile and be no part of the
non-Arab world.
Two NotionoIistic Roots
The deep roots of this nationalism
stem from two oppressive influences.
foreign domination and domestic ex-
ploitation by a short-visioned and
strongly-entrenched corrupt minority.
The foreign domination of modern
times was imposed first by the Turk
ish Empire and later by the British
Empire. The evil of this foreign
domination rested in it's political
short-sightedness it's unwillingness
or inability to recognize that a ma
ton long exposed to western thought
and practices would automatically
develop aspirations for political inde-
pendence.
Until the hot midnight Of July
1928, Egypt sought the fulfillment
of these aspirations through the eff
forts of its own tyrannical minority.
That these efforts may have been
well-intentioned intermittently. as
far as removing foreign domination
was concerned, was over balanced by
this minority's blindness toward the
internal extremes of wealth and pow
erty. corrupt political influence and
the intrigues which fed upon inse-
curity.
But on that hot midnight the
course of Egyptian history changed.
In carefully planned and we'll ex-
ecuted maneuver, small army
Evening star., 1952-09-14
Candidates Use Same Tools to Cultivate It;
Price Supports for PerishobIes Stump Both
By jones E. Roper

t. Roper
program that costs consumers the
most-and led to scandalous mis-
handling of some of the storage
projects.
Gen. Eisenhower promised to keep
this law on the books until it expires
two years hence. He said this would
give the country plenty of time to
study where to go from there.
Gov. Stevenson, while indorsing the
80 per cent formula, added that it is
not necessarily the permanent or
only answer" He added that this
program, like all our economic poll
cies, should be constantly reap
praised"
Both Gov. Stevenson and Gen.
Eisenhower mentioned supports for
other crops that can be stored. And
they both argued for letting farmers
have key role in running the pro-
grams.
Agriculture Department officials in
Washington hastily reacted to this
possible criticism from their party
leader. They pointed out that the
department already pays 10000
farmers to help run the farm pro-
gram at the county level
A perhaps important difference in
emphasis arose when the presidential
candidates discussed Federal control
over farmers. Gen. Eisenhower de-
nounced Washington's 'regimenta-
ton" of farmers.
Gov. Stevenson. too, deplored re-
strictionS on farmers, but said the
Government must have in reserve
the power to curb farmers paintings
or marketings
Otherwise the Government might
run into another multi-million dollar
f1aSco like it encountered in potatoes
two years ago.
The Government promised support
to potatoes, perishable crop, but
had no way to penalize growers who
planted without restriction or poured
fertilizer onto their soil and thus
produced an enormous crop. The
Agriculture Department had to buy
1t at the support price-and dump
the potatoes into alcohol or starch
factories at prices cheaper than the
dirt in which the potatoes grew.
Other Devices
The Agriculture Department now
has several devices for boosting
prices on perishables. In some crops,
there are Government-sponsored
marketing restrictions which, If
organized privately, would violate the
antitrust laws.
For the school lunch program each
year, the Agriculture Department
buys $40 to SIS million worth of foods
at the peak of the season. This helps
strengthen prices when farmers need
it most.
But neither Gov. Stevenson nor
Gen. Eisenhower mentioned these
minor league support efforts. What
they really are looking for is a new
scheme to support prices on perish.
ables, and thus inject new vote
catching gimmick onto the rural
scene.
Evening star., 1952-09-14
Tax Settlements
Debtors Prisons Are Thing of the Past,
So U S. Makes Do With What 1t Can Get
By Richard FrykIund

When 1t was revealed recently
that Greasy Thumb Guzik. onetime
business associate of AL Capone, had
been permitted to settle his income
tax bill for about one-tenth of what
he owed, outraged. honest taxpayers
wanted to know why they too
couldn't pay their taxes at bargain
basement rates.
The Bureau of Internal Revenue,
the collecting arm of Uncle Sam,
says the Guzik settlement and other
such tax compromises were perfectly
legal and logical. A few Congress-
men. however, seem unconvinced of
some of the logic and perhaps some
of the legalities.
But how do these tax compromises
work? How do some persons get
away with paying less taxes than
they owe?
No Debtors Prisons
In a nutshell, person cannot be
jailed for debt, under Federal statute.
A tax owed is a debt. If the person
can't pay, he can't be jailed. The
only logical alternative is for the
Government to take what it can get
and be satisfied.
It can happen to anybody. Sup
posing Joe DoakeS, a perfectly honest
guy, loses his shirt on bad invest
ment just before income tax time.
He fills out his tax form, finds he
owes the Government $1,000 income
tax on the money he made the pre-
vious year, but finds also he nas only
$100 in his pocket. He can't pay
his entire bill, but he might offer to
pay $100.
The local Office Of the Internal
Revenue Bureau will put an investi-
gator to work to see if Doakes can't
dig up the full amount somewhere.
It might find that Doakes has car
worth $1,000, and clothing and other
odds and ends worth $1,000. So IN
ternal Revenue will reject his offer
and suggest he make a better one.
Since the bureau has perfect legal
right to take his car. clothes and
the last nickel in his pocket, Doakes
will increase his compromise offer
if he is wise.
Counterproposol
He might suggest something like
this: I'll sell my car and some of
my clothes and give you the money
if you let me keep my best suits
so I can get a job as salesman and
make more money. The bureau
might say all right. provided you
give us so per cent of what you
earn for five years. The bureau in
this way gets as much as possible
Immediately, and keeps Doakes earn
ing so that he can pay still more. IT
Doakes does well, his debt may be
paid before the agreed-on 5 years IS
up. If not, the Government still would
get more than if Doakes had lost his
last suit and with it his earning
power.
The principle is to get the most
from the delinquent taxpayer, either
by taking all his property immedi-
ately or by keeping him in business
until he has paid off as much as
possible. If it is impossible to get
the full tax from him, the bureau
simply must settle for less.
Each compromise offer is investi-
gated, first reviewed by local tax Off
cials and then, by officials in
Washington. Finally, it lands on the
desk of the Secretary of the Treas
ury. 1t can be turned down anywhere
Evening star., 1952-09-14

along the line if it is thought a
better offer can be extracted.
Sometimes taxpayer will claim he
doesn't owe all the bureau says he
does. Then he may appeal his case
through a chain of bureau officials
or eventually to the courts If he
wants. If the court finally rules
against him. the tax is assessed, but
he still is eligible for compromise
if he cannot pay the full bill.
Or, sometimes taxpayer will try
to hide some income and will dodge
his taxes. If the bureau decides he
is trying to defraud the Government.
it may sue him in a civil court and
nay win a judgment making the
man pay his taxes plus a so per
cent penalty plus per cent interest.
But if the offender is broke, he still
can get compromise.
A tax bill compromise has nothing
to do with chiselers chance of
going to Jail. For the Internal
Revenue Bureau can tell the Justice
Department that the man ap-
parently tried to defraud the Gov
ernment and Justice can start GRIM
inal proceedings against him. If
convicted. he could be jailed or
fined.
Guzik's Problems
The Guzik case, for instance, was
studied by the Justice Department
for possible fraud. Guzik owed al
most 100000 in taxes, penalties and
interest on his 1924 through 1923
and 1886 returns. Justice decided
it couldn't prove fraud. so there was
no criminal prosecution. Internal
Revenue, however, set out to collect
what it could. After offers starting
at $4,000, Guzik finally said he could
raise about $4,000 of his own and
could borrow $60,000- The bureaus
investigation showed it was unlikely
1t could find other assets of Guzik' S,
so he was allowed to settle for $780,
600. Presumably that left Guzik
broke and in debt.
The bureau could have tied up
Guzik'S future earnings, but the
reputed gamblers business prospects
were uncertain, to say the least. The
bureau decided 100000 in hand was
worth more than 100000 in mort
cages on future floating crap games.
The Internal Revenue Bureau says
the compromise system has worked
smoothly for many years. But Sen.
Williams, Republican, of Delaware.
and the King and Chelf investigating
committees of the House. have not
been so satisfied. They have ques-
toned whether some of the compro-
misses, including the Guzik settle
ment, were justified. They asked the
administration if some notorious
crooks weren't getting off with slap
on the wrist.
The Capitol Hill tax sleuths
bounded the President for a chance
to look over the records of compro-
mise cases. Finally, on August 20.
Mr.. Truman threw the files open to
Congress and the public in cases
where mishandling was suspected.
-- So far, there have been no charges
of dishonesty or gross lapses of judg-
ment in handling compromises. But
the Chelf committee is studying the
records and may come up with some
interesting findings before its cur
rent series of hearings is ended.
In the light of other tax scandals.
discovery of some graft or mishan-
ding would not be altogether sur
priSing.
Evening star., 1952-12-14

Bryson B. Rash, Washington;
Hyman B. Raskin, Democratic Ma
Evening star., 1952-12-14

Gardner Jackson, Washington;
Lee r. Jackson. Akron. Ohio: Will
liam Harding Jackson. Princeton
N. j.; Edward Jameson, Hous-
ton Chronicle: Eric Johnston
Washington; Louis A. Johnson
Washington: Vance johnson, Sar
Francisco Chronicle; Victor Johns
ton, Washington; Alexander F
Jones, Syracuse Herald-JOurnal
Compton S. Jones. Washington
Jesse H. Jones, Houston Chronicle
Richard B. Jones, Washington
Vincent S. Jones. Gannett News
papers; w. Alton Jones, New
York; Representative WalteI
Evening star., 1952-12-14

DR.. Wallace Yater, Washington;
John Russell Young. Washington:
Rear Admiral William Brent
Young, United States Navy (ret0 !.
L
A. H. Zugger. st. Louis, Mo.
Evening star., 1952-12-14

Milton Eisenhower, Pennsyl-
vania State College; DR.. Merton A.
English, Washington: Morris d.
Erwin, Cincinnati TimeS-Star;
Silliman Evans, Nashville Tennes-
sean; Frank Eyerly, Des Moines
Register and Tribune.
Evening star., 1952-12-14

Frank Pace, jr., Secretary of the
Army; Jospeh o. Parker, Wash
ington; Karr Parker, Buffalo, N.
Y; Rear Admiral Lewis S. Parks,
United States Navy, Lewis M,
Parsons. Washington, Perry Pat
terson, Washington; Glen Perry,
Wilmington; Maj. Gen. Wilton
B. Persons, United States Army
retired: Howard c. Petersen
Philadelphia; H. Morton Peterson
Brooklyn, N. Y; Joseph N. Pew, jr.
Philadelphia; William L. Pfeiffer
Buffalo. N. Y; Arthur B. Pierce
Washington; Alfred Pittman
christian Science Monitor; Edgar
Allen Poe, New Orleans Times
Picayune; Edward M. Pooley. E.
Paso Herald Post; Nelson P. Poyn-
tier. st. Petersburg Times; Col
Louis w. Prentiss, United State.
Army; Oliver M. Presbrey, New
York; James d. Preston, Wash.
ington; Comdr. Andrew w. Prout
United States Navy: Joseph Pull
itzer, st. Louis Post-Dispatch
/. Joseph Pulitzer. jr.. st. Loui.
Post Dispatch; Eugene c. Pull.
.. liam, indianapolis News: William
F. Pyper. Booth Newspapers.
v Bryson B. Rash, Washington