davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Bottle for Mems Minds

Most of your readers surely read with
alarm the somber picture Constantine
Brown presents about Frances current
troubles. Those Of us who have always
admired France for her long democratic
tradition and culture, must now stop
and think about the full implications
of this country's failure to solve her
problems.
Here again we can see how inept
leadership leads country into bank
ruptcy and disaster. Add to this the
debilitating factor Of Communist inf1l-
tration and there you have the recipi-
entS for a crisis such as the 1871
revolution. AS Mr. Brown has correctly
gathered, short of miraculous political
change, France faces grave situation.
How important q part the Indo- China
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Colts in Snow

There has been snowtall. and the trisky
colts
France gingerly. hock-deep in fu6y
iDhite:
Wide eyes roll cagily and nostrils flare
With apprehension. as i1astinctiDely
They seek each others company. There
is
Refuge In numbers. They Investigate
The neU Dliite iDorId. Small tohinnies
fH the air;
ShriH questioning Of older stock who
seem
To- take the strange phenomenon in
stride,
While all the colts stare wonderin0ly
upon
Their small, safe barn-lot. Which lust
overnight
Has been transformed to this amazing
Billy ,. Cooper
Evening star., 1952-03-04

Paris as long as no one party enjoys . firm
parliamentary majority.
In spite Of all this however, the Senate Fcr-
eign Relations Committee Is reported to have
heard optimistic comment from Secretary Ache
son regarding what France is likely to do in meet
ing its NATO requirements, dscally and otherwise.
One can only hope that the optimism proves well
founded For French failure at this point-a
failure to gear their economy to the demands of
the hour-could do much more than lead to a
cutoff Of American aid. It could hand the Kremlin
gigantic victory by tragicaly undermining
everything that the Western world has accom-
plished thus far In the Atlantic alliance.
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Parent.
Chiunq MuIiqned?

The Stars editorial columns-and
Gov. Warren-repeat the old canard
about Chang Kai-shek's Chinese Nation
alist troops being unwilling to fight.
The record shows they fought for l8
years, either the Japs or the Communists.
or both.
The Japanese invaded Manchuria in
1881. The Chinese resisted. In 1887
full-scale war broke out with attacks on
the coastal cities. naval and air bonn
bardment. BY Pearl Harbor the we'll
equipped, fully trained Jap forces (aided
by American scrap iron) had driven the
Chinese far into the interior. Still Chi
ang's forces kept up the fight.
For the rest of us the war ended on
VI day. But not for China. Although
the country's productive machinery had
been largely destroyed. cities laid waste.
the economy torn to pieces and the cur
rency valueleSS, Chiang'S NatiopaliStS
struggled against the Communists for
four years. until finally driven off the
mainland to FormoSa. Moreover, they
fought practically alone. United States
economic aid was relatively piddling in
amount and interminably delayed in de-
livery. Military aid was mostly inef-
fectiye, consisting largely of war surplus,
unsuited to Chinese needs and not worth
the cost of transporting back to the
United States.
What limited, effective aid we did pro-
vide. economic or military, was more
than negated in its effects by our diplo-
matte policies. We sold out China at
Yalta. We made it plain to the people
and troops on both sides that we didn't
care much who won when we sent Gen.
Marshall on his mission. If we had set
out deliberately to destroy Chiang'S
Evening star., 1952-03-04
"BoN1FANT STREET.


"Dear Sir:
Gould / have seen six bluebirds in
Princeton. N. j.. on February IA?
"They were in q field of brush and
scrub growth flying from low tree to
tree.
"Coloring was bit dark for bluebirds.
at least compared with those I've seen
in MARYLAND. and bodies seemed fatter,
more like q robin. but tails were not
long, nor did they settle on the ground
as robins do.
If they were bluebirds. is it not un-
usual for them to be so far north in
February?
"I've enjoyed your column SO much.
I was never interested in birds until one
day I read your story about catbirds.
sincerely yours. F. H. NJ"
r.
This is very good description Of
bluebirdS.
They love places where there are
saplinqs and low shrubs. They seem
quite at home. and usually build their
nests there.
These birds do not migrate. in the
usual sense, 50 are often seen in WASH
ington and. the nearby States in winter.
At one time there was sort OF blue
bird belt across Washington. beginning
at Wesley Heights, and running TO the
east.
For many years we got reports OF blue
birds In winter just north OF the loca-
ton Of our correspondent IN nearby
Maryland.
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Case Of Montgomery Principals

Franklin T. Miles, who concludes in
his letter Of February 26 that five Mont
gomery school principals recently fined
for contempt of court are unworthy
of public trust" need never fear that
any teacher will be beyond the reacn
of county law" as he put it. One Of
the sins on the American conscience
today is the increasing demand, with
little increase in value, Of the teacher.
No one. nowadays, enters this field for
financial gain, for obvious reasons. The
rewarding factor is using the personal
drive for human advancement. Ger
tainly, in this area at least. many could
enter Offices and enjoy better income
with none Of the many restrictions that
surround teacher The fact that they
do not is matter of public debt. to
them the least manifestation of which
should be cooperation. People like
Mr. Miles, so quick to discredit them,
make an uphill struggle heart-break-
ing one.
am not, nor ever was, a teacher. In
recent years, though, have been
amazed at the continued neglect under
conditions of increasing need Of teach
ers throughout the country.
why, WO0QeT, are tIleFe no leCCeTS
protesting the courts upholding the
rights of big gamblers in their con-
tempts of Congress? Why is the public
so lax on really serious infringements
and so willing to Jump on private
individual Of proven worth to our
society?
Virginia r. Burns.
How often we parents are called upon
to make our children conform to the
behavior standards set up by the
schools! This starts at the age of five,
and if the children are not completely
conforming by the third or fourth
grades parents are made to feel COM
plete failures. Are these principals say
ing to us and our children, do as say.
not as do?"
Remembering that these same princi-
pals have a great voice in determining
what teachers shall teach in their
schools, the question arises in my mind
whether they are qualified to evaluate
teachers for our children -
Parent
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Give Korean Veterans q Break

AS the House nears showdown vote on
universal military training, serious thought
should be given to the injustice which would be
done Korean combat veterans if UNIT were to be
indefinitely laid aside Under the seective service
program, Korean and other veterans OF active
duty during the current emergency will be re-
leased after two years of service, subject to six
more years of standby duty in the reserves. I'm
less the UNIT system of training young men for
possible service is adopted, the only ready re-
serve" of fighting men available for war or an
expanded emergency would be composed largely
OF men who already have done their share OF
defending their country Some OF these men are
veterans of World War II as well as of Korea.
Under what theory of equality of service and
ordinary fair play could the Nation once more
call out these veterans ahead of men who have
not served at all?
The UNIT plan which Congress already has
approved and which lacks only supplementary
legislative action now to start functionng is de-
signed to build up ready reserve force OF basic
ally trained youths who could respond lmmedl-
ately to an emergency call to duty. Pending bills
to create ready and standby classes of reServsts
are directly related to UNIT. The proposed ready
reserve would be the first to be called in time of
another national emergency. The standby and
retired groups would follow only if the threat to
national security became acute. The ready
reserve would be composed OF graduates OF the
six-month training course at UNIT camps In the
ready reserve these trained young men would
receive additional instruction in general and
specialized duties. They would be required to
remain in the reserve for seven and one-half
years.
If UNIT is prevented from starting operation
when defense authorities are ready to launch the
program, the ready reserve provided in the
planned reserve organization will be COM
ponent without manpower until such time as the
training machinery begins to move. The sooner
the machinery is started, the less chance there
will be that combat veterans will have to be sent
into battle again ahead of other civilians. Mem
bers of Congress should face up to the fact that
any further stalling on UNIT would be dis
service to the veterans of Korea, as well as to
the Nation as whole.
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Argues Against UNIT

Two committees of Congress have
been hornswoggled by a storm of propa-
ganda into buying an old lame mule
called UNIT. UNIT has been kicking
around the world for I. long time. The
Romans used it when each citizen was
required to keep arms and be ready
at the call Of the republic to come to
Evening star., 1952-03-04

prestige and hopes of victory we could
not have planned it better.
Few conflicts in modern history have
been more persistently and stubbornly
contested, against greater odds and for
longer times than those in which the
Chinese Nationalists have engaged.
Those who seek to deny them credit are
ignoring the record.
Veritas.
Evening star., 1952-03-04
FederuI Annuities

The Civil Service Commission takes
the ludicrous stand that it would be
''inequitable" and discrimination
against all other retired employees, re-
gardless of their previous employment.
to increase the annuity Of Federal an
nuitants. Such a conclusion has no
more logic than some other theories
advanced New Dealers.
]. nj. Rose,
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Questions and Answers
By Gould Lincoln

The Stars readers can get the answer TO
any question of fact by either writins The
NV, Washington, b. c., and inclosins 3 cents
return postage or by telephoning ST 1858
Evening star., 1952-03-04
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. During what years was the white
spread-eagle penny coined? How many
were made? s. M. G.
A. The so-called white cent" with the
flying eagle on it was first minted in
1856. 1t was not an authorized mint is
sue and was struck only in 1868. It
is believed that about 1000 of the 1856
cents were struck.
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Reorminq Germany

The opinions expressed by "On-
locker" that we should not expect all
foreign citizens receiving help under
the Marshall Plan to become "yes-men"
for American pelicies were more peril
nent and logical than the fuddy- -duddy
sentiments constantly produced by Con-
Stantine Brown.
There has been some concern shown
over the reluctance of France to sup
port our policy Of rearmed Germany.
France is more able to judge this policy
than we are, and historically more
afraid Of the result. Militarists, poll
ticians and policy makers at home have
tried without success to convince
America and Europe that an armed
Germany would be bulwark against
the Soviet Union. Only persons entirely
ignorant of past history or geopolitics
could make such statement and be-
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Letters to The Star !.

question will play in the crisis will soon
be seen. Against increasing nationalism,
military Intervention can never succeed. I
doubt that Frances most ardent admirers
have praise for French colonial policies
not only III Indo- China but also in
Tunis. We are all aware that Indo-
China can not be allowed to fall in
Communist hands lest all of Southeast
ern Asia become Red-dominated. But.
must we cling to out-moded colonial
systems and old-faShioned ideas in
fighting communism there?
Whether in Asia or in Europe, I be-
lieve the most important question is not
how many divisions shall we have this
or the coming year, but, how many peo-
pie has been won over to the cause of
democracy and freedom? When people
all over the world stop listening to
Communist propaganda because they
have achieved long-sought rights and
ideals. then we will not need to worry
about communism. But, will this be
ever attainable?
Modesto LucerO.
Evening star., 1952-03-04
Builet Review

include myself among those who
enjoyed the ballet here and also among
the much greater number Of those
whose knowledge of the ballet is small.
at best. And yet, though this is but
the second ballet I have ever seen, I
do know enough to realize that this
was not the Sadler's Wells Ballet, but
the Sadler's Wells Theater Ballet; that
the name is Ninette de Valois, rather
than Nina; that Margot Fonteyn and
MORA Shearer could scarely be expected
to accompany the group since they be-
long to a quite different group, the
Sadler's Wells Ballet; and that the en-
thusiasm of a review can Scarely make
up for lack of attention to elementary
detail.
The review by your Mr.. Carmody is
undoubtedly welcome to ballet enthu-
siasts, but it is not likely to be welcome
to the company, which has the right to
expect minimum Of familiarity with
its history.
E. L. Dale, jr.
Evening star., 1952-03-04

@. How many telephones are there in
the Empire State Building? C. w. r.
A. Approximately 1000. This includes
$500 phone instruments for the tenants
and 301 instruments for the Empire
State Building Corporation, which has
its own system.
Evening star., 1952-03-04

lieve it. France has reason to fear an
armed Germany. If World War was
not sufficient reason, there was the in
vasionsef World War II and the knowl-
edge that under American occupation
and encouragement old Nazis are creep
ing back into power, not only in Ger
man government, but in university and
cultural posts made vacant by Hitlers
rise and fall.
There are no physical, political or
military reasons to believe that an
armed Germany would prove Maginot
Line between the Soviet Union and So
called democratic powers. An armed
Germany would probably first settle old
scores against France, the Saar, Bel
gium and Holland, while the Scandina-
Wan countries. remembering Quislings
of World War II, would either remain
neutral or side with the Soviet Union.
It is unfortunate that so many Amer
leans know so little about the world we
live in, and care less.
Johannes Reder.
Evening star., 1952-03-04

! Mockinsbirds do not migrate IS other
Evening star., 1952-09-01
Doris Fleeson:
Stevenson F|uency Is q Danger
Some Bockers Are Afraid He's Taking to- People Too Much
Instead of With Them in the Key Pivotal States of His Drive

An effort by the League Of
Women Voters to produce an
Eisenhower Stevenson debate
has failed. Gov. Stevenson glad
ly accepted the Leagues offer
to sponsor such debate on a
nationwide TV-radio hook-up.
He has been informed that Gen.
Eisenhower said no.
This practically formalizes
the fact that the Democratic
candidate can out-talk the Re-
publican candidate. 1t is still a
long way from proved that the
election is therefore over.
Democratic reservations about
their nominee in fact begin
with his fluency. It is not that
they are afraid he can't keep
it up. Gov. Stevenson wrote his
New Jersey speech in 81 min
utes in New York, following his
Legion appearance, when he
was supposed to be resting. His
gift of tongue is said to be in
stinctive and durable.
What some of his advisors
wish is that he would slow down
and talk with people OCCASION
ally instead of to them. One
put it: I'm glad my intellectual
friends approve but I'll feel bet
ter when the taxi driver turns
around some morning and starts
telling me what a great fellow
Adlai is"
The relatively unknown Gov
ernor of Illinois must somehow,
Evening star., 1952-09-01
Confusionin Unpaid Tax Reports
Records That Will Be Open to Newspapers and Others Qualified
Are Restricted to Inability Rather Than Refusal to Pay

to a company or an individual
must be held confidential ex-
cept as some committee Of Con-
gress-not an individual men,
ber-may by formal action re-
quest the Bureau of Internal
Revenue to make available such
data.
The cases which will be pub
licized are solely those which
involve failure to pay up what
is indisputably due. In these
instances. the amount already
has been determined or adju-
dicated and payment is not
forthcoming because of an al
legation of inability to pay the
specified sum.
AS a rule. the treasury at that
stage of the game has filed
what is known as a "tax lien"
or Jeopardy assessment" to
prevent the sale or transfer Of
a taxpayers assets to a third
party while the tax claim is un-
paid. Although the filing of the
tax lien is a matter of public
record, the letter from q tax
payer formally making what is
technically known as an "offer
in compromise" e"-that is, to pay
five cents or ten cents on the
dollar, for example-haS never
been a public record.
Newspapers now are to be
permitted to look at those par
ticular records, but anything
they publish is on their own re-
sponSibility. The Bureau of In
ternal Revenue does not initiate
this publicity or authorize any
of it. any more than other in
formation gathered by reporters
in talking with Government Off
cials becomes privileged" and
immune from damage suits
when printed just because it
emanates from official sources.
The question of what is or is
Evening star., 1952-09-01

per cent; and six per cent un-
decided. If the undecided vote
is eliminated and a straight
67-33 apportionment substituted,
this would represent a seven
per cent gain for Republicans
with labor on the 1948 tabula-
tions of DR.. George Gallup.
The chief hope among Repub-
lican strategists for gains in this
years election rests upon what
has become a stock example
Ohio in the 1850 Congressional
elections. There, as we are so
often reminded, Senator Robert
A. Taft, co-author of the Taft
Hartley labor law and pilloried
by labor as it's arch foe, carried
every industrial stronghold Of
his state and swept to a truly
tumultuous victory. Labor alb
viously refused to follow the
mandates of its leaders.
How much of an influence was
the caliber of his Democratic
opponent Jumping Joe" Fer
guson, for years State auditor
and a great vote-getter in that
state posts not ascertainable.
But it must have been a factor
of some consequence. Certainly
Mr.. Ferguson could not bear
comparison in ability and quail
tiles of leadership with the dis
tinguished and nationally known
Senator. This was, too, of
course. an election for the Sem
ate not the Presidency.
The extent of the Senator's
triumph, however, was quite a
surprise and raised the question,
still discussed, as to whether the
labor vote, or any other vote,
ever can be considered deliver
able" in our country.
It probably can't, like the
farm vote which has switched
back and forth through the
years. But Republicans clearly
are recognizing the strong ties
of labor with the Democrats.
Gen. Eisenhower. in a patent
bid for labor votes, has accepted
in principle the broad base of
social and economic gains in
the New Deal-Fair Deal regime
which has meant so much to
labor.
Republicans are counting
somewhat on a theory now
talked about a good deal This
Is that labor. or large segments
of it. may be regarded now as
middle class" in outlook be-
cause Of its more prosperous
and stable condition. Therefore,
Evening star., 1952-09-01

to produce the stunning majori-
ties it likes to claim: it does
however seem to be better or
ganized in crucial places than
the party Of its choice.
The Democrats may be, as
James A. Farley told the Pres
ident. more unified than in
years, but they are a long way
from being properly organized
in states vital to their success.
The new national chairman,
Stephen Mitchell. who is not
quite the novice Of his early
publicity, having had some ex-
perience with the Kelly machine
of Chicago, is said to recognize
this fact. What he can do about
it in the short space Of two
months is another matter.
Many Democrats are extra
ordinarily complacent in the
face of such issues as the Ko-
rean war, initiation and corrup-
ton. Certainly nothing else ex-
plains why the New Yorkers
produced MIR. Cashmere against
the combination of Senator
Ives, Gov. Dewey and the great
reputation of Gen. Eisenhower.
This complacency does not
extend to the inner circle, in
cluding Gov. Stevenson who de-
liberately proposes to fight it
out on the present shock lines
of the whole truth and nothing
but the truth to the people who
need it most.
Evening star., 1952-09-01
Dovid Lowrence:

Many taxpayers lately have
become confused by press dis
patches emanating from WASH
ington stating that all ''compro-
misses" or settlements" made
between the Bureau of Internal
Revenue and the citizen will
hereafter be open to public in
spection by newspapermen or
anyone else with a legitimate
purpose for making the inquiry.
No such rule has been
adopted by the Bureau, and the
records which are to be made
available are confined to a sim
gle category of cases involving
an allegation of inability rather
than refusal to pay what is due.
Thus. the law permits what
is technically known as an "of-
fer in compromise" but this
characterizeS a step usually
taken when a bankrupt or insol-
vent person offers the Govern
ment a smaller sum than is
actually due for unpaid taxes.
There are, on the other hand,
thousands and thousands Of
cases from year to year in which
corporations or individuals dis
agree with the Bureau Of In
ternal Revenue on the technical
Interpretation Of the tax laws
or on the ways that rates shall
be applied to a given set Of
circumstances. While, in a die
tionary sense, these are com
promises" or adjustments" or
settlements" they are not by
any means included under the
new regulation which permits
inspection of certain records.
Nor can the Commissioner of
Internal Revenue publicize them
and still comply with the law.
There is no provision of law
authorizing publicity Of income
tax returns. All data relating
Evening star., 1952-09-01

not privileged" in a legal sense
has never been clarified by the
courts so far as information
coming from the executive
branch of the Government is
concerned. Anything in the way
of a public statement by the
legislative and judicial branches
is immune from damage suits,
but thus far the courts have ap-
parently held that the so-called
privileged" status applies only
to official communications be-
tween departments and between
the Government and citizen un-
less otherwise prohibited by law.
Certainly the financial affairs
of a man who is insolvent and
goes through bankruptcy pre-
sumably have become a matter
of public record, SO that publi-
cation of tax difficulties are
not likely to produce damage
suits. But, in the cases of indi-
viduals who are inSolvent but
have not gone through bank
ruptcy, suits claiming damage
to the credit reputation of an
individual in his community
could readily arise if a news
paper published that the Treas
ury had to accept less than
what was due in the case of a
delinquent taxpayer.
Discussing this problem to-
day. John B. Dunlap, Commis-
sioner of Internal Revenue,
stated that he had warned the
reporters who come to the Bu-
reau of Internal Revenue to
look at the so-called "offers in
compromise" that the Treasury
assumes no responsibility for
the publication of such data.
Only Congress, by revision of
present laws, can change the
restrictions as to authorized
publicity of income-tax returns.