davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-03-16

Botisto Returns !,
And the Other Strong Men Of Lotin America
Moy Take Their Cue From His Cuban Revolt
By Edword TomIinson

The revolution by which Gen. Full
gencio Batista has ridden back to
power in Cuba caught Washington
as well as Havana entirely by sur
prise. For weeks diplomatic circles
here had buzzed with stories of po-
litical plots and possible uprisings
against the governments of several
Latin American countries. But no
one hSd any inkling Of revolt in
Cuba.
Diplomatic and financial opinion
generally deplores the Batista meth
cd but expresses no great alarm.
There are several reasons for COM
placency. First, the upset was pure
ly an old-time military revolution in
which no Communist or outside sub
versive influences were involved.
Labor Problem
Second, Batista may put an end to
the harassment Of business and in
duStrial leaders in Cuba, both natives
and foreigners. They have been mer-
cilesSly harasSed by gangster and
leftist labor bosses for the past two
years. Labor laws had become q
mockery. Decisions and rulings Of
the Supreme Court itself often were
defied.
In contrast to the hopefulness about
the situation In Cuba, however. there
is considerable concern that the Ba-
tista coup may set on q chain reac-
ton In other countries, where bitterly
fought elections are to be held soon.
Five other republics are scheduled
to elect Presidents. as well as repre-
Sentat1veS to national legislative
bodies. between now and September
is. In at least four Of them old-line
military men, or former dictators,
are candidates. In all Of them the
Communists are unusually active, as
they were in the Cuban campaign. In
some the Reds are ardently support
ing the strongman.
Panamanians are supposed to 60
to the polls on May IL. As in Cuba
before the coup. dozen or so small
parties are ranged around three prin-
cipal candidates. One of the top con-
testantS Is Col. jose Antonio Remon,
former head and still boss Of the
country's powerful police force. he
Is known as the King Maker" hav-
ing deposed four Presidents. three Of
them In the past two and half
years.
Some Odds
As most observers see 1t, the odds
are against Remon in any honest
ballOting. as they were In the case
Of Gen. Batista.
In Chile, where elections are sched-
uled for early September, the chief
opposition To the party In power Is
Gen. Carlos Ibanez. q former die
tator. He has the support or practi-
cally ~ the reactiDnaries as wellsas
TEE B
Evening star., 1952-03-16

a large element among the Commu-
niSts. He has the open Endorsement.
and, some insist, financial backing,
of the Peronistas of Argentina. This
interference is one of the chief issues
Of the campaign.
There is also a strong opposition
candidate in this years presidential
campaign in Mexico. He is Gen.
Miguel Henriques Guzman, q former
chief Of the army general staff and
an old friend Of former President
LaZaro Cardenas, still the most
potent political influence in Mexican
politics While there is little doubt
that Adolfo Ruiz Confines. candidate
Of the Government Party, will re-
ceive the majority on the votes, Gen.
Henriques is expected to make a siz-
able showing.
The disturbing situation in the
Mexican picture is that the extreme
. leftist labor elements. headed by pro-
Russian Vicente Lombardo Toledano,
have for the first time since the
revolution deserted the government
candidate and thrown their support
to the opposition. Gen. Henriques
also has the open support Of the
Communists.
There is no doubt that the May 10
presidential elections in the Domin.
lean Republic win 60 to the govern.
ment candidate, Gen. Hector B.
Trujillo, brother of the island re-
public's iron-flsted ruler, General
issimo Rafael Trujillo.
But for the past year and half
foreign opposition to the Trujillo die
tatorship has been on the increase.
His enemies in other Caribbean coun.
tries are waging an intensive propa-
ganda battle against him. A great
number Of Dominican exiles abroad
have attempted to organize several
expeditions to invade and free their
homeland from Trujillo's despotism.
Ecuador, Too
In Ecuador. President Gallo Plaza
is making herculean effort to main-
tain constitutional government and
hold democratic elections on Sunday.
June !. Several plots against the
present regime have already been put
down. And now the stormy petrol.
not to say the perpetual bad boy Of
Ecuadorian politics. DR.. Velazco Iber-
ra. several times President and sew
eral times deposed, Is back Ii the
country He Is again an active can.
didate for his old post.
As one Latin American diplomat
here pits It Conditions both eco
npmic and political, In most Of our
countries are not unlike those that
prevailed back tn the early ig3Os
when wave Of revolution swept the
Caribbean and South American ma
tions. leaving in its wake q dozen or
more military dictatorships and
strong-armed sovernments.'3
Evening star., 1952-03-16

capacity has vastly increased since
the start Of the Korean war. Standby
plants are no longer filled with grain
and idle machinery. They are ready
to swing into high-gear production
at any time. When they do, they
probably can produce much faster
than their Soviet rivals.
What is more, additional aircraft
plant is being built. to add to the
industrial base from which the ALL
out effort can take on.
Getting away from the actual air.
craft themselves. there is the matter
Of bases and their geographical posi-
ton. Here the United States holds
q definite strategic advantage. The
Russian bases closest to American
soil are just across the Bering Strait
from Alaska. Russian TU-4s might
be able to make raids on atomic
facilities at Hanford. Wash, and re-
turn. But the bases are on q barren.
isolated peninsula difficult to supply.
There are no railroads to 1t and sea
approaches are frozen most Of the
year.
The United States has scores Of
bases available to it in Alaska, Green
land. Iceland. Europe. Africa, Turkey.
the Middle East. Japan and Okinawa.
From them the United States planes
could raid most parts Of Soviet soil
and still have range enough to return
to base. This could be done even
without the advanced refueling tech
niques which the Air Force does not
believe the Russians possess.
Pilots and Maintenance Men
Another important element In
judging relative air potential is per-
sonnel. the men who fly. maintain
and operate the aircraft. and the men
who plan and command those opera
tions. The Air Force has about $780,
900 officers and men. It plans to
expand this number to 1,061 900 in
the next fiscal year-compared with
an estimated strength Of 100000 in
the Red air force. And, experience
In Korea has shown, the American
pilot is superior to the Reds.
There are other factors, already
mentioned. in which this country is
believed to be superior. These are
plane equipment, such as radar, elec-
tronics and gunsights, national in-.
dustrial facilities and atomic stock
piling. "a
All in all, the Russians appear at
the moment to have some advantages
in actual air strength, although our
position should improve relatively In
year or two. But in the other basic
factors Of airpower. our lead ID
definite.
Evening star., 1952-03-16
Mr. Morris Office Is Quiet Poce-n Hurricanes Eve

The precise historic moment when
Newbold Morris told those Senators
last week that their minds were
diseased" seemed q good moment to
pay q visit to the Morris head
quarters here. The headquarters, it
will be recalled. is being set up in
the graystone, crenelated building
that used to house the Washington
Post. Mr.. Morris ofiices turned out
to be somewhat like Mr.. Morris:
handsome, affable on the surface,
tense underneath.
The interior of the old Post, these
days, Is in startling, modernistic con-
trast to It's grimy exterior. The decor
in the lobby is pale green in tone.
garnished with daylight lighting.
Venetian blinds. and more sound
prooflng than the average boiler fac
tory would need.
Mr.. Newbold Morris
The visitor. blinking his dazzled
eyes Is he enters the lobby, sees two
mauye arrows on . green pillar. One.
pointing right, Is labeled Small De.
tense Plants Administration" The
Evening star., 1952-03-16
world Photo.

light bomber. Air Force officials look
to production Of the British Canberra
at Glenn L. Martins Baltimore plant
and the RB-66 to help out in this
phase Of the race.
There are MIG types beside the
well-known Is. A new interceptor
plane, better than the MIG-15, may
be in production. The fact that Rus
sia has built up Red China's air force
to an estimated 1.700 aircraft 900
OF them jet f1ghters-rnay be indica-
tive Of the huge production in this
category, or it may mean that this
model is being superseded by mass
production Of later types.
DISQUALIFICATION
But there is evidence on Capitol
Hill-and, indeed, in some Pentagon
quarters-that relative air strengths
and capabilities are being oversimpli-
fed into terms of the MIG-15's SUI
periority to the American F-86 above
$4,000 feet. Actually, the United
States has fighters in production to-
day which are superior to both.
More important. however. is the
fact that airpower consists Of far
more than planes alone.
Take the factories that build the
planes. While the Soviet Union prob
ably has more planes coming of
assembly lines than the United
States. this country's productive
Evening star., 1952-03-16
Aneurin Bevon
His Bold Challenge Of AttIee Is Rocking
The Lobor Party Boot--to Port Side
By Belmont Furies

Britain's Labor Party now is pull
ing in harness again after q week Of
frantic juggling for position. But it.
is Aneurin Bevan. not Clement Attlee,
who holds the whip hand in an un-s
easy truce.
Mr.. Bevan, leader of the party's
extreme left wing. has defied Mr..
Attlee's leadership. openly and os-
tentatiouSly, and he has gotten away
with it. The hard fighting Socialist
from the Welsh mining districts
is still long way from party
leadership for himself. But there is
considerable truth in q left-winger's
description Of the weeks events as
q part "of Attlee's progress toward
q political grave"
One man sure to gain by the
dispute is Prime Minister Winston
Churchill, who had helped start
the braWl in the enemy camp.
Anything that weakened the La
borites strengthened his hand at a
time when his Conservative govern
ment was defending budget calling
for still more sacrifices from peo-
pie weary Of is years Of austerity.
In Defense Of Health
What Mr.. Bevan wants can be
oversimplified as dentures before
guns-a strong fight to save the
health program and other social
services from being whitfield away
by the Tories under the pressure
Of the huge rearmament program.
It was. for him. q strongly emo
tional battle, rooted in the harsh
conditions he knew as miners son
who went into the pits at Is.
Mr.. Bevan's chip-on- the shoulder
attitude toward the Conservative
Party comes from some Of these early
experiences. @No amount of cajolery,
no amount of ethical or social seduc-
tion," he once said.F "can eradicate
from my heart deep. burning hatred
for the Tory Party. T.. They are
lower than vermin."
Mr.. Bevan is no Communist. His
record Of opposition to Stalinism is
Evening star., 1952-03-16
BY John A. Giles

Rumhlings Of o new controversy
over the size Of the United States
Air Force, whose wings have been
clipped BY President Truman's budget
knife, are echoing In the halls Of
Congress these days. q full two weeks
before the Senate Preparedness Sub
committee starts hearings on the sub
ject March 81.
These hearings probably will con-
centrate on the so-called stretchout
program adopted by the President.
This Is the plan to give the country
another year in which to attain full
air preparedness.
Whatever the subcommittee de-
cideS, its stand viii be vulnerable to
second-guessing.
For Il the Russians strike before
the United States completes its pre-
parednesS program, there will be no
end Of investigations to determine
what "bungler" extended the time
table for the buildup to 143 air
wings and left us short Of aircraft.
On the other hand. If the Soviet does
not strike. there also will be con-
tiuual probing to discover why Amer
ica made so many planes that will
have to be replaced without ever
seeing combat.
Conversational cutbock
Under the stretch-out plan, the
target date for full Air Force readi-
ness to cope with a sudden Soviet
thrust was postponed from the end
Of 1864 to the end of 1855 or mid
1856. Top Defense officials defend
the idea as q cutback from conver-
sation only" Secretary of Defense
Lovett says it means somewhat less
production during fiscal year 1858
than the levels talked about during
the fall Of 1851"
The talked about" level of pro-
duction for early 1858 used to be
$500 planes q month. At present
the target Is 1900 planes monthly.
Right now the country is turning out
about TOO q month, compared with
some 625 or less last December.
Just how dangerous, or how safe,
Is the stretch-out program? This de-
pendS on many more factors than
the one most commonly discussed,
the relative strengths Of Soviet and
American air forces in being. It
also depends on the location and
number Of airbaseS available to
each side. on trained pilots and
maintenance crews, on chronological
equipment like radar and gunsights,
on national industrial facilities, and
on atomic stockpiling. Among all
these factors, the main one in which
the Soviet Union seriously chal-
Evening star., 1952-03-16
By Mory McGrory

its friends-who never call 1t that
would in no way guarantee the hon.
esty. integrity or efficiency Of gov
ernment servants. What it would
unquestionably do. however, would be
to establish q clear sequence Of re-
Sponsibility and to make q stronger
claim on the Office holders loyalty
to the job rather than to the man
who got it for him.
Lock Of Responsibility
One Of the reasons set forth for
the slow-festering Internal Revenue
Bureau scandals was the fact that
collectors were not directly RESPONSE
BILE to the commissioner In WASH
ington, who was their boss in name
only. Even if the commissioner had
reason to suspect skulduggery in GER
tain Offices. he was power1ess to move
against officials who could be fired
only by the man who appointed them,
namely, the President.
The Civil Service Commission has
pointed out that of the 64 collectors
Of internal revenue, the II who have
civil service rating were in no wise
implicated in any malfeasance. A
career man with a hope Of advance
ment, they feel. will do his job
properly.
The Hoover Commission, the Civil
Service Commission and other groups
have consistently urged the placing
of all jobs under the policy making
level on the merit system, something
not likely to come to pass in the fore
seeable future.
Stronghold Of Potronose
Senator Humphrey. Democrat, of
Minnesota. complained during the
hearings on the Reorganization Plan
Number One that q bill to take the
politics completely out of the post
Office could not even get out Of COM
mittee.
Right now. the appointment Of
postmasters. presidential preroga-
tive with advice and consent of the
Senate" is determined by q proce-
dure that is about equally divided
between merit and political prefer
ment. When a vacancy occurs. q
list Of three eligible names is sub
Evening star., 1952-03-16

In his opinion, however, "inso-
far as Soviet communism has plans {.
to overcome the world, those plans
are more dangerous on the political
and economic side than on the mili-
tary."
And he is afraid that the current ],
rearmament program, Britain's con- I
tribution under its North Atlantic
Treaty obligations, win wreck the
British economy.
America Worries Him
Worried by what he considers ir-
responsible American actions which
might drag Britain into war. Mr..
Bevan would prefer to see Britain as
third force" between America and
Russia.
It was the issue Of secret agree !
ments with the United States that
set of the current battle In the
Labor Party. Prime Minister Chur-
chill, stung by Laborite criticism Of
his American trip earlier this year.
revealed that Mr.. Attlee's Labor gov
ernment had agreed with the United
States In May. 1851, to bomb Man
churian air bases if Chinese aircraft
heavily attacked United Nations
troops in Korea. l
/ That seems to have been the point
at which Mr.. Bevan decided 1t was
time for a showdown with the right
wing of the party. At q Labor Party
caucus on defense, Mr.. Attlee, who
had originated Mr.. Churchill's pro.
gram, felt that Labor could not OPP
pose it, beyond expressing its lack Of
confidence in the Tories ability to /
carry 1t through. Mr.. Bevan insisted
on an amendment opposing any re-
duction in the social services as o
result of the arms program. He was
beaten in caucus, lao to Al.
40 Glued to Scots
In the House the next day, when
Mr.. Attlee offered his no confidence
motion, 40 Of Mr.. Bevan's followers
remained deflantly In their seats. The
motion was beaten. 314 to 219. o rec
ord margin for Mr.. Churchill. When
the final vote on the arms program
came up, Mr.. Attlee and his followers
abStained. The Bevan group and Is
pacifists opposed. The measure was
approved, 3l3 to 55.
In Britain, where the whole sys-
tenn Of parliamentary government
depends on party discipline, this was
an open challenge which no party
leader could ignore. A meeting Of
the Parliamentary Labor Party--all
Of the Labor MPS-was called for
last Tuesday to settle the matter.
Mr.. Bevan made it clear that he
would not back down, and was pre-
pared to leave the Labor Party II
necessary.
When the party members met that
day, Mr.. Attlee was ready with mo-
tion to censure the rebels. But l05
members Of middle-of- the road
group refused to go along. They
joined 81 Of Mr.. Bevan's supporters
in defeating Mr.. Attlee, 162 TO 73. :
e The real showdown apparently had
s been put of until the next party
conference, now set for fall. What
ever Mr.. Bevan's drawbacks as
leader, and they were many, it ap-
peared likely that his point Of view
would gain strength not only in
Parliament but among the rank and
file Of the party. To many a Briton.
faced with an, austerity that grew
worse instead Of better. the emo
tional Mr.. Bevan might appear on
sounder ground than the coldly In
tellectual Mr.. Attlee. RI
Evening star., 1952-03-16

clear. And he is not. like some of his
followers. q pacif1st. AS he ex-
planned to his miner constituents in
the Welsh valleys last week end: II
have never said that we do not re-
quire arms. think that the world
is in such q dangerous condition
that some military adventure might
at any moment precipitate us into
q world conflict"
Evening star., 1952-12-07

Mrs. Rogers declared. The chill
dren go up and down the street
shouting "Nixon's here" when the
Nixons' come visiting. and soon
the front yard is full Of children.
Evening star., 1952-12-07
Interests of Rogers Tribe Many and Varied

meant SUBJ. I didn't expect it to
mean any social whirl."
A good friend Of hers whose
husband was q long time member
Of the Franklin Roosevelt cabinet,
and who knows the Rogers fam
lily's easy-going routine. has tried
to tell her that things won't be so
simple now, but "it still hasn't
quite sunk in," Mrs. Rogers ad-
mits.
"They tell me I'll have to have
a full-time maid. and this house
really isn't adapted to that. We
have plenty Of room, but we are
spread out over all Of it, and we
sort Of like being alone. I like to
cook, and / don't much like the
idea of some one else living here" :"
Mrs. Rogers is equally startled
to find she will need some evening
clothes, too. I'm the type who
has one evening gown she wears
for 10 years, hoping that every
body will forget 1t before they see
il. again."
One thing that won't faze her a
bit is having her picture snapped
from time to time. Her father.
Samuel Langston, was a we'll
known amateur photographer
whose prints have been exhibited
in many countries. and she grew
up acting as one Of his models, as
did her older children. Dale and
Tony. The walls Of the Bethesda
house are full Of framed prints
made by her father.
JEFF and Doug. who were very
young when their grandfather
died, have their own version Of a
Photographic hobby. Both collect
used flashbulbs-for what purpose
their mother has no idea. Nor,
apparently, do they.
r. When the family turned out at
the airport recently to welcome
home victorious Senator Nixon,
with whom Rogers had travelled
during the campaign, the two
youngsters were almost lost in the
shuttle as they crawled around
the floor picking up hot bulbs as
fast as the photographers dis
carded them.
The Vice President-elect has
become quite a fellow with the
neighborhood youngsters now that
he is in the national limelight.
Evening star., 1952-12-07
CONTINUED From Page DID

customary these days for college
students to be married and have
families. But it was almost un-
heard Of in those days."
bill lost the squash champion
ship because he was up all night
when the baby was born. All his
classmates remember because
they had money bet on it. Every
once In a while we see one of
them and he reminds us"
The family lived in Scarsdale
for several years, while Rogers
worked with Thomas E. Dewey
during the latter's early days as
a racket-busting District Attorney
When the young attorney joined
the Navy Air Force in 1912 the
family-including its usual as
sortment of dogs and other quad
lrapeds-moved five times in seven
months, following him from post
to post. They then settled down
for a while in Arlington, later
went to Winona to stay with Mrs.
Rogers mother after Mr.. Lang
ston died.
They came back to Washington
in 1947 when Rogers went to
work for the War Investigating
Committee, and bought their pres
ent house in February. 1850 when
he went back to private law prac-
tice and it looked as If they could
count on staying in one place
for a time.
Mrs. Rogers Is a little astonished
when people ask her-as many
have in the last week-how she
expects to like the social whirl of
being an officials wife.
The family lives simply and
informally, and Mrs. Rogers does
all the work except for an occa-
sional assist from a cleaning wom-
an. They entertain with equal in
formality-"usually only about 10
people. because that's about all I
can handle as a second shift after
I get through feeding the kids"
and Mrs. Rogers isn't too en-
thusiastic about changing their
simple routine. e-
II am delighted that Bill has the
job, because think he is the per-
feet man for it, and 1t is so salts
flying to be doing the job you are
well equipped for" she declares.
But I thought sub-cabinet really
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1952-05-18

story. He was born in Akron,
Ohio, the son of an experimental
engineer in a rubber company.
His fathers work took young
Monroe to live in Kent and
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; Cudahy.
Wis, and finally Jeanette, Pa,
where he was graduated from
high school in 1929 and voted
the hoy most likely to succeed"
He still is married to his high
school sweetheart.
In his high school days,
Vaughn used to sing and play
trumpet with an aggregation
known as Gibby Lockhard's Jazz
Orchestra. The band uniform
was white knickerS and gayly
striped blazers.
Had to Reform
Next came two years Of CLASH
cal voice study at Carnegie Tech
and later more of the same at
the New England Conservatory
of Music. He earned his tuition