davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26

progress Of the Sims case by MAX
ing an appeal to obtain a parole
for him."
although this case has not re-
ceived the publicity which was
given the Sioux City in the now in
famous case of a cemetery refus-
ing burial of a native American
Indian and a Korean War victim,
it is a violation of human rights
which is of equal or greater inn
port. The recent bomb killing Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Moore in Florida be-
cause he was a leader of the MA
ACP, along with similar others
creates a sickening pattern OF
discrimination, intimidation, ter
ror and murder, throughout the
whole country"
Expected to file civil suit
charging false arrest, Mrs. Sim
mons alleged that she was escort
ed, under protest, to the police sta
ton December II, where police
station plainclothesmen attempted
to humiliate and insult her by
making fun of her plight in
phony southerner drawl and calling
her Susie.
Upon her release the Anti-Dis-
elimination Committee of the Go
met, prepared and distributed
thousands of handbills over the
city to make public what had hap
pened The same committee sent
delegation of eight union mem
bers to the Commissioner of Pub
lie Safety, who is responsible for
the police department. 1t was re-
ported that the was arrogant and
on the defensive.
The Farm Union, states Slower.
believes that this act by Sioux
City policeman is part of the whole
pattern of discrimination and in
limitation designed mainly to pre-
vent Mrs. Simmons from working
for better living conditions for the
Negro people and to prevent her
from championing the fight a.
gainst the freedom Of Terry Lee,
railroaded/ to the penitentiary on
a trumped up charge.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26

fore or after school hours on any
school day or at any time on school
holidays or during vacation.
The figures and conditions re-
ported by the Divisions do not APP
ply to all farms in the United
States, the Labor Information Bull
letin article says, or to all children
who work on farms. They concern
only facts found on those farms
where Investigations were made.
The Divisions objective was to
make Investigations in each State
where acreage warranted it, in all
crops that additionally employ
children.
Although the minimum age for
employment of minors on farms
during school hours is 16 years, sc
percent of the under-age children
the Divisions investigators found
working in agriculture were not
even Ia years old. Some were. no
more than five. In the every young
age group ranging from 5 to 9
years were 521 of the illegally en-
ployed children, or Is percent of
the total. In the next older group,
comprising children 10 to 13 years,
were 1,749 boys and girls, or 81
percent. Although the majority
| ,967-were white, there were L.
381 Negroes, 63 Indians, and "a
children whose race was not re-
ported, all unlawfully employed on
farms.
The Divisions reports show that
work on five crops-cotton, straw
berries, potatoes, tomatoes and on
ions-engaged 80 percent of the
children under 16. More children
under Ia years were employed in
Strawberries and cotton than on
any other crop. Seventy-six per-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26
child Labor
vioIations0 On
Farms Increasing

Jackson, Miss, Jan. 23-Chilo
| Labor investigations on farms by
the Wage and Hour and Public
Contracts Divisions, U. S. Depart
ment of Labor for the fiscal year
ended June 80, 1851, show a grow
ing number of violations of the
Child Labor provisions of the Fair
Labor Standards Act, both in the
Southeast and in the nation at
large.
This is revealed in an article
appearing in the January issue of
the Labor Information Bulletin
which shows that in 1851 total of
3,465 children under Is years of
age were found to be employed
throughout the nation in agricul-
ture during school hours. Of this
number, 80 children under 16 years
of age were found to be working
on farms in Mississippi during
school hours. Investigations were
made on Al farms in Mississippi,
where it was found that violations
mainly were in cotton picking. In
1850, total of 728 children had
been found employed illegally on
U. S. Farms. The 1851 figures
indicate more children were un-
lawfully employed in farming than
in any other major segment of
American industry.
The Labor Information Bulletins
article inference is clear-many Of
these illegally employed children
are missing out on educational OPP
portunities to which every child is
entitled and which the law says
they shall have.
Because the Fair Labor Stand
ards amendments that became eff
fective in January 1850, narrowed
the exemption applying to child
labor in agriculture, the Divisions
placed more emphasis on child
labor Investigations on farms dur
ing the 1851 fiscal year than ever
before. The aim was to promote
compliance with the new prohibi-
ton of the employment of children
under 16 years of age on farms
during school hours of the school
district where the child lives while
working. The prohibition against
employment during school hours of
children under Is years of age APP
plies to migratory workers as well
as local residents children, but not
to farmers own children work
ing on his farm or farms, but it
should be borne in mind that the
Act does not restrict child labor
on farms outside of school hours.
Neither does it set a minimum age
for employment in agriculture be-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26
Kelvin and Rankine scales of
temneraturp2

A: The Fahrenheit scale, COM
monty used in English-speaking
countries, was intended to have
the temperature of a mixture of
ice and salt as zero, and that of
the body as SO degrees Though
actually the normal body tempera-
ture is $3.50. The Centigrade scale,
also known by the name of Celsius,
has as zero the freezing point of
water, while the boiling point is
100 degrees. At 273 degrees below
zero c, or minus AGO F., all heat
would be removed from an object,
and this is called absolute zero.
The Kelvin temperature (also
called the Absolute temperature is
measured from absolute zero in
C2ntigrade degrees, and is equal
to the Centigrade temperature
plus 273. The Rankine temperature,
measured in Fahrenheit degrees
from absolute zero, equals the tern
perature F. plus AGO. There is also
the Reaumur scale, in which zero
is the same as the Centigrade zero,
but the boiling point of water is 80
degrees instead of 100. A tempera-
ture of 70 Fahrenheit~is equal APP
proximately to q Centigrade, II
Reaunur, 294 Kelvin and $50
Rankine.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26
Florida
Continued from Page One)

identified himself as southern
Floridan and said:
"We as a group of people in
south Florida have agreed that
due to your pastors strong preach
ing he is not qualified to be a
minister. You tell him (Hodges)
that the same thing is apt to hap
pen to him and his church as hap
pened in Minis, Fla"
Harry Moore, executive secre-
tary of the Florida NAACP, was
killed and his wife fatally injured
Christmas night in Minis when a
bomb went off under their bed
room.
Despite the threats, Rev. Hodges
continued his preaching in the
huge masonry church, the largest
in the city, while the Is guards
who have pistols hidden beneath
their coats, thanked the church.
There was no Incident during the
morning service but Special Dep
uty G. P. Stokes, who reported
that the FBI as well as city and
county police had been called in
on the case, said the number of
guards would be increased. A
constant guard also is being kept
around Hodges home, Stokes said.
Hodges denounced the anony-
nous caller as "a crank or COM
munist, probably one of the Reds"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26

of his vote, he said.
Aside from the Parker candidacy
there were several Negroes seek
ing lesser office in the election.
While none of the Negro candi-
dates were elected some of them
particularly in certain predomi-
nantly Negro sectors, made excel
lent showing in their words and in
the opinion of most Negroes won
for them their second Emancipa-
ton.
Meanwhile the election result
put into the run-off campaign
Judge Carols Spaht of Baton
Rouge, hand picked candidate of
Governor Earl K. Long, and the
Anti administration candidate
Judge Robert F. Kennon of Min
den.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26
Iowa Farm Union
Wages War On
Bias And Terror

Des Moines-Widespread acts OF
discrimination and terror against
racial minorities especially Negroes
in Sioux City received an acidic
blow last week from the Iowa
Farmers Union.
The State Board of the Iowa
Farmers Union meeting in Des
Moines, condemned unanimously
the usurpation of power by the
police of Sioux City in its acts
Of intimidation against the Negro
people there.
This action pertains to a Sioux
City policeman who, without war
rant, recently took a woman. Mrs.
.Vlna Simmons, housewife and
mother of seven children to the
police station and after accusing
her of practicing <"prostitution, +"
booked her for investigation.
Recognized as a leader in fight
ing against discrimination, Mrs.
Simmons was leading the fight to
free Terry Lee Sims, whom police
beat into O. confession to a rape
charge several years ago. Sims
was sent to the penitentiary for
40 years but is now eligible for
parole.
Fred Slower, president of the
Iowa Farmers Union said "that
this was continuation of action
taken by the union in 1949 when
they raised funds to help fight the
Terry Lee case"
1.-Two years later at the 1851
convention Mrs. Simmons made a
report to the convention on the
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26
Louisiana Negro
Continued from Page One)

and the long use of the NEGRO
issue" in Louisiana politics, the
most significant aspect of the cam
paign was the almost complete alb
sence of efforts to stir up racial
hate and fear by reference to the
Parker candidacy by the other
candidates in the race.
A final tabulation of the votes
showed that Parker polled slight
ly more than 5000 votes, with
more than $4,000 Negro voters in
the state.
In commenting on the results
Parker said he made the full scale
expensive campaign realizing he
would not score well. He said his
main objective was to educate my
people politically. l thought might
enlighten the Negro to the value
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26

Baltimore; Miss Estella H. Karn,
New York; DR.. R. B. Taylor, Ok
mulgee, Okla; Roy Wilkins, New
York; Aaron E. Norman Fund.
New York; and Mrs. Jessie NJ
Vann, Pittsburgh. Raymond Pace
Alexander of Philadelphia, Judga
irwin G. Mollison of New York,
Reginald Auchincloss of New York,
Charles n. Mason of Washington,
and the New Rochelle, n. Y,
branch, each gave $50.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26
RosenWa!d -.
Continued from PAGE One

Continued from Page One)
and 5000 each from the Great
Neck, L. T., NAACP branch, and
Michael Erlanger of New York.
Contributions Of 500 each were
received from Willard w. Allen Of
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1952-01-26

He said that he would continue
to give the devil the devil, and
that means the Communists"
Evening star., 1952-07-04

Look at the sensational values this pose they
ypico Of those you'll find throughout the sore Shop
for yourself why soy "shop Sea and Sove
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11
CALL FOR BIDS

The. Board of County Com
missioners of Big Horn Coun-
ty, Montana, will receive sealed
bids up to 200 PM. on the
3rd day of October, 1852, at
the Commissioners Room, in
the Court House at Hardin,
Montana, for the following
Copper Bearing Steel Corrugat-
ed Galvanized Culvert fob.
Plant.
6 pc. 49, x 16', IA gauge C.M
4 ca. 4S" x 12", 16 gauge
Conn. Bands.
a pc. 80" x 1e", IA gauge
GIMP.
8 ca. 80" x ~, Is gauge
Conn. Bands.
8 pc. "a" x 16', 16 gauge
8 pc. "a" x IA, 16 gauge
GIMP.
8 ca. "a" x ~, 16 gauge
Conn. Bands.
80 pc. 10" x 16', 1e gauge
GIMP.
~ pc. 10 x IL, 10 gauge
GIMP.
80 ca. 10" x 12", 16 gauge
Conn. Bands.
40 pc. IS" 16', 16 gauge
GIMP.
20 pc. Is" x IA, 16 gauge
GIMP.
40 ca. IS" x 12", 16 gauge
Conn. Bands.
10 pc. IL" x 20, 16 gauge
GIMP.
10 pc. 10" x 49,, 16 gauge
GIMP.
9 pc. go" x 16', IL gauge
GIMP.
9 pc. go" x 16', IL gauge
GIMP
6 ca. 60" x 12", IL gauge
Conn. Bands.
The Board reserves the right
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11

| in the Constitution Provided
As Public Convenience May
Require Increasing the Limit
OF Time of Office From Two
to Four Years.
Be It Enacted by the Legisla-
tive Assembly Of the State of
Montana:
Section 1. That Section 6 of
Article XVI of the Constitution
of the State of Montana be
amended as hereinafter provid-
ed, and that the question of
such amendment be submitted
to the qualified electors of the
State of Montana at the gener-
al election to be held in No
vember 1852.
Section 2. That Section 6 of
Article XVI of the Constitution
of the State of Montana, be,
and the same is hereby amend
ed to read as follows:
Section 6. The legislative as
Sembly may provide for the
election or appointment of such
other county, township, pre-
cinct and municipal officers as
public convenience may require
and their terms of office shall
be prescribed by law, not in any
case to exceed four a. years,
except as in this constitution
otherwise provided"
Section 3. This amendment
shall be submitted to the quail
fled electors of the State of
Montana by being placed on
the official ballot provided by
| Section 23-1102 of the Revised
Codes OF Montana, 1947, and as
provided by law, and there
shall be printed on such ballot
the title of this act and the fol-
lowing words:
For the above amendment.
II Against the above amend
ment.
The elector shall designate his
preference for either of the
propositions by marking *"
before the proposition for which
he desires to vote.
Section 4. The vote cast for
and against the amendment
herein proposed shall be count
ed, canvaSsed and determined
by such officials and in such
manner as provided by law, and
if a majority of all votes cast
at such election for and against
such amendment shall be in
favor of such amendment the
governor Of the State of Mon
tana shall so declare by public
proclamation, and the amend
ment shall be in full force and
effect as a part of the consti-
tuition from and after the date
of such proclamation.
Section 5. This act shall be in
full force and effect from and
after it's passage and approval.
Approved February %, 1851.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
STATE OF MONTANA, SIS
I, Sam w. Mitchell, Secretary
of State of the State of Mon
tana, do hereby certify that
the foregoing is a true and cor
rect copy of an act entitled:
An Act for the Submission to
the Qualified Electors of the
| State of Montana of an Am
endment to the Constitution of
the State of Montana, Amend
ing Section 6 of Article XVI of
Said Constitution, Relating to
the Authorization of the Legis-
lative Assembly to Provide for
the Election or Appointment of
County, Township, Precinct and
Municipal Officers Not Other
wise in the CONSTITUTION Pro-
vided AS Public Convenience
May Require Increasing the
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11

Limit of Time of Office From
Two Years to Four Years.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF,
I have hereunto set my hand
and affixed the Great Seal of
the State Of Montana, at Hell
ena, the Capital, July %, 1852.
SAM w. MITCHELL
Secretary of State
pub. Aug. 7-Oct 80, incl.)
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11

1FN~- A. - ~ SFA = sF ~@A~N %|~@
3027 w, Model No. R D z, Year
Model 1887, Engine No. 2p2254;
Appraised at 100000. With Ar
row Dozer and Woodbridge Pow
er Control Unit. Il
One Austin western Patrol
Grader, Model 80, Serial No.
1128, Year 1889, Engine No.
PDCE 4105, Engine Model No.
PD40; Appraised at $3,000.00.
The Board reserves the right
to reject any or all bids.
DATED at Hardin, Montana,
this 18th day of September, 1852.
CARY v. MABE,
Chairman of the Board of
County. Commissioners.
pub Sept. II, 18, Is, Oct. e.
Ghon in
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11

to- reject any or all bids.
Dated at Hardin, Montana,
this 18th day of September, 1852.
CARY V. MABE,
Chairman of the Board of
County Commissioners.
pub. Sept. II, Is, 25.)
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11

Deceased, AGNES C. SOMA
MAKER, GLEN MOCK and
HANNA MOCK, His Wife,
CLARA K. SMITH, ALLEN Nc
SWEYN, and BEATRICE Nc
SWEYN, His Wife, o. P.
MORTON MOCK and =
MOCK, His Wife, JACK E.
JEFFERS and HELEN K.
JEFFERS His Wife, Hale c.
JEFFERS, and BIG HORN
COUNTY, MONTANA, a quasi
municipal corporation, and
all other persons unknown,
claiming, or who G h t
claim any right, title, estate
or interest in, or lien or en-
cumbrance upon, the real
property described in the
Complaint, or any part there
of, adverse to plaintiffs own
ership, or any cloud upon
plaintiffs title thereto, Whe-
ther such claim or possible
claim be present or contin-
gent, including any claim or
possible claim of dover, in
choate or accrued, Defend
THE STATE OF MONTANA
SENDS GREETINGS TO THE
ABOVE NAMED DEFENDANTS:
You are hereby summoned to
answer the Complaint in this
action which is filed in the Of
flee of the Clerk of this Court,
and to file your answer and
serve a copy thereof on the
plaintiffs attorney within tive
nty 600 days after the service
of this Summons, exclusive of
the day of service; and in case
of your failure to appear or
answer, judgment will be taken
against you by default, for the
relief demanded in the Com
plant.
The said action is brought to
quiet title to the South Half
(SR) of Section Thirty-two
(32), and the West Half (WR)
of Section Thirty-three $3.50, all
in Township Eight 60 South,
Range Forty-one (41) East, M.
P. M.
WITNESS my hand and the
seal of said Court this 18th day
of August, A. d. 1852.
(SEAL) r. p. ROSS
Clerk of District Court
Bert w. Kronmiler,
Courthouse Building,
Hardin, Montana,
Attorney for Plaintiffs.
pub. Aug. 81, %, Sept. 4, I'D
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11
CALI FOR BIDS

CALL FOR BIDS
The Board of County Com
missioners of Big Horn Coun-
ty, Montana, will offer for sale
at Public Auction at HOO
O'Clock A. M. on the 3rd day
of October, 1852, at the front
door of the Court House, at
Hardin, Montana, the follow
ing:
One used R. D 7 Caterpillar
Track Tractor, Serial No. &C.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11

rooms with the necessary school
furniture, fixtures and apnarat-
us, consisting of desks, chairs,
equipment.
amortization bonds will he
IlrSt choice and serial bonds
Will be the second choice of the
said school district.
II amortization bonds are
sold and issued, the entire is
sue may be put into one single
pond or divided into several
ponds, as the said board of
trustees may determine upon
at the time of sale, both prin-
cipal and interest to be pay
able in Semi-annual INSTALL
mentS during a period of twen-
issue.
# serial bonds are issued and
sold they will be in denomina-
tons of One Thousand and mo-
LOO l$1,000.00) Dollars and Two
aundred and No/1O0 ($20O!OO)
DolIarS; the sum of Six Thou
sand Two Hundred and No/1OO
{ lS6,2OO.OO) Dollars of the said
serial bonds will become pay
able on the 1st day of August,
1858, and the sum of six Thou
sand Two Hundred and No/1OO
($6!200.00) Dollars will become
payable on the same day of
each year thereafter until all
OF such bonds are paid.
The said bonds, whether am
ortization or serial bonds, will
bear date of August /, 1852,
and will bear interest at a rate
not exceeding six per centum
(6%) per annum, payable semi
annually on the list day of
February and on the 1st day of
August in each year, and will
be redeemable in full ten years
from the date of issue and on
any interest due date there
! after prior to maturity.
All bonds shall be redeemable
when one-half (R) of the term
for which they were issued has
expired and on any interest
due date thereafter prior to
their maturity.
The said bonds will be sold
for not less than their par val
ue with accrued interest, and
all bidders must state the low
est rate of interest at which
they will purchase the bonds at
| par. The board of trustees re-
serves the right to reject any
and all bids and to sell said
bonds at private sale.
All bids other than by or on
behalf of the state board of
land commissioners must be
accompanied by a certified
check in the sum of Sixty
two Hundred and No/100 &c.,
100000 Dollars, payable to the
| order of the clerk, which shall
be forfeited by the successful
bidder in the event he shall re-
fuse to purchase the said bonds.
All bids should be addressed
to the undersigned clerk.
v. H. ROSS
Chairman, School District No.
17-H of Big Horn County,
Montana.
Address: Hardin, Montana.
ATTEST:
Clerk, School District No. 17-H
| of Big Horn County, Montana.
Address: Hardin, Montana.
pub. Aug. 81, %, Sept. 4. II. 49,
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11
NOTICE OF SALE OF SCHOOL
DISTRICT BONDS

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN,
by the Board of Trustees of
School District No. 17-H of Big
Horn County, State of Mon
tana, that said board of trust
eeS will on the 22nd day of
September, 1852, at the hour of
800 o'clock P. NJ. at the super
intendent'S office in the grade
school building of said school
district in Hardin, Montana,
sell to the highest and best bid
der for cash, either amortiza-
ton or serial bonds of said
school district in the total a
mount Of One Hundred Twen-
ty-four Thousand and No/100
C$124,O00.O0) Dollars, for the
purpose of the construction of
an addition to the elementary
school building of said school
district, which is located on
Block Fourteen Ga of the Sec
ond Addition and Block Eleven
C1) of the First Addition to
the Original Town, (now City,
of Hardin, Montana, or Separ-
ate building thereon, which adj
dition or separate building shall
consist of the addition of six
CO. additional clasSroomS, the
construction of a Superintend-
ent's office, teachers room, a
health room, toilets, Mushrooms
and shower rooms combined,
janitor's room and storage
rooms, and for the further pur-
pose of eqiuping all of said
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11
SUMMONS FOR PUBLICATION

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF
THE THIRTEENTH JUDICI-
AL DISTRICT OF THE STATE
OF MONTANA, In AND FOR
THE COUNTY OF BIG HORN
TOM PENSION, GREGG PEN
SON and CHARLES PENSION,
Plaintiffs,
VS..
CHARLES MILLER and -
MILLER, His Wife, the un-
known heirs and deviSeeS of
WILL LAM SONNAMAKER
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1952-09-11
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
Estate of CLYDE l.. McCAFF

Estate of CLYDE L. McCAFF-
ERTY, Deceased.
Notice is hereby given by the
undersigned Administrator off
the Estate of Clyde L. Mccall
ferty, deceased, to the credit
orS of and all persons having
claims against the said de-
ceased, to exhibit them, with
the necessary vouchers, within
four az months after the first
publication of this notice. to
the said Administrator, at the
office of Bert w. Kronmiller.
Courthouse Building, Hardin,
Montana, in the County of Bic
Horn, State of Montana.
Dated at Hardin, Montana,
August Is, 1852.
CARL RANKIN
Administrator of the Estate
of Clyde l.. McCafferty, De-
ceased.
BERT w.
Courthouse Building,
Hardin, Montana,
Attorney for Administrator.
pub. Aug. 81, %, Sept. 4, III