davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Examples of Effective
Political Warfare
It's time we did!

It's time we did!
Editors note: The follow
ing five paragraphs were not
delivered due to the lack of
broadcast time. However, they
are part Of the record and aides
said the general will stand be-
hind the statements.)
While we have been doing at
the gate Of the psychological,
StrategistS of Communism have
crept into our citadel. Let me
cite one example of their effec-
tive political warfare.
In June of 1851. when we
were driving back the Commu-
mist forces in Korea, the free
world was electrified by what
appeared to be a genuine offer
by the Soviet to cooperate in
reaching a peaceful solution in
Korea. We and our allies ca
gerly met them halfway. But
as month after bloody month
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Did Not Foresee
Political Decisions

I remember well, Of course,
that in 1947 the Joint Chiefs of
Staff made a secret military ap-
praisal of the strategic impor-
tance of Korea to our armies in
the event of a general war in
the future. I was Chief of Staff
of the Army at the time. AS
always, the Joint Chiefs were
careful to refrain from political
judgments that were beyond
their authority.
But there were some things
back there in 1947 that I didn't
foresee would happen. First: I
didn't foresee that-three years
later-the Secretary of State
would translate that strictly
military appraisal for war con-
ditions into a peacetime po-
litical decision. Second: I
failed to anticipate that-three
years later-the Secretary Of
State would make public this
political decision to a potential
enemy. Third: certainly
failed to foresee tflat-five
years later-this military as
sessment of possible war situ-
alton would be used by a des-
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Many Peaceful Tools
Needed in Fioht

There are many peaceful tools
that must be used in the waging
of this fight. Diplomacy, the
spreading Of ideas through
every medium of communica-
ton, mutual economic assist
ance. trade and barter, friendly
contacts through travel, and
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Cold War Woged to
Escape War Itself

The prerequisite to winning
any victory is a single minded
determination to get the job
done; a single-minded ded:ca-
ton to that job. Without such
determination and dedication
there can be no victory but only
a stalemate, only a road uphill
paved with excuse and evasion.
So to our task we must bring
the quality of vigor.
@ ste Now let us talk about the
wisdom and skill which we need
to prosecute this "cold war"
that infects nations all around
the globe.
Remeber this: We wage q
Evening star., 1952-10-09

correspondence and sports
these represent some of the
political means to support essen
tial programs for mutual mill
tary assistance and collective Sc
curity.
II we can use these peaceful
tools as well as we use our great
Skiils. and great power in indus
try. and on the field of battle,
we can win our first objective.
This first objective is to render
unreliable in the mind Of the
Kremlin rulers, the hundreds
Ut millions enslaved in the oc-
cupied and satellite nations.
Peace will then have her tri-
umph. no less than war.
This is how would 60 about
this business.
First: We must adapt our
foreign policy to a cold war,
strategy that is unied and CO.
herent. Second: In spirit and
resolve we should see in this
cold war" a archance to gain a
victory without casualties, to
win a contest that can quite
literally save peace"
Third: We must realize that
as Nation, everything we say,
everything we do, and every
thing we fail to. say or do will
have its impact in other lands.
1t will affect the minds and
wills of men and women there.
Fourth: We must choose a
man of exceptional qualiflca-
tionS to handle the national
psychological effort. He should
have the full confidence of, and
direct access to, the Chief Exec
utive. I have suggested in other
talks that this function may be
best worked out through a re-
vitalized and reconstructed Ma
tiOnal Security Council.
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Pledges Honorable Effort
To End Tragic Toll

Here's what pledge you:
Without weakening the security
OF the free world I pledge full
dedication to the job Of finding
an intelligent and honorable way
to end the tragic toll Of Ameri-
can casualties in Korea. No one
can pledge you more. Nor can
there be a more solemn pledge.
For this war is reaching tonight
into the homes of hundreds of
thousands Of American families.
I do not believe that Korea
must forever be a part of our
American daily life. The South
Korean Ambassador has re-
Gently said "Give us guns; spare
your sons" Here one way is
pointed. I shall never say as
the present administration says:
Because the problem is tough
the problem can't be solved.
Today this world dwells in a
twilight zone between peace
and War-a zone we call "cold
war" What courses of action
lie before us in shaping ma
tional policy? And here, ladies
and gentlemen, I embark upon
discussion of what we can do
now in order that we ourselves
may not fall prey to that most
dread of all diseases-defeatism
and on the other hand that
we may not be urged toward the
greatest tragedy that could
overtake the modern world
war.
And here ladies and gentle
men, I embark upon a discus
sion of what we can do now in
order that we ourselves may not
fall prey to that most dread of
all diSeaSes-defeatism-and on
the other hand that we may not
be urged toward the greatest
tragedy that could over take the
modern world-war.
One is to appease. That is a
proven folly.
A second course would be to
adopt a stupidity aggressive atti-
tude and so markedly increase
the risk of global war. Modern
war is not a conceivable choice
in framing national policy. War
would do unthinkable damage
to every moral and material
value we cherish.
War is the last desperate re-
sort when freedom itself is at
stake.
The third course is to prose-
cute the cold war" in which we
now find ourselves with vigor
and wisdom.
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Text Of Cen Esehowes San Francisco Talk on Korean Actor

perate administration as the
excuse for the political decision
which it took in exercise of it's
civilian responsibilities entirely
on its own initiative.
Yes. ! failed to foresee that
there would be such a lack of
courage and candor in high
public Office.
Let me also set the record
straight on another matter.
The Observation-Disclosures
wrong chief of the party now
in power has made fantastic
charges against me, because of
something I said in 1945. After
the wars end, I voiced an op-
tlmistic hope and belief that
the Russian foreign policy was
not then hostile but was in
f1uenced by a desire for work.
able friendship with the Amer
ican people.
That hope-shared by our
whole Nation - was quickly
proved to be in vain. Yet. in
that hope, there then seemed
to be the last best chance for
world peace. Had we not striven
for it then. how bitterly would
we condemn ourselves now.
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Pacific Is No Lonqer
Sure Guardian

There was a time when your
great Pacific Coast land was
rightly called the safest place in
the world. But the vast Pa
cif1c Ocean is no longer the sure
guardian Of your homes that it
was In the last century. The
same forces which threaten the
East and the North and the
South are an equal danger to
the West. In America today we
have common need for a COM
mon defense.
Just north of where we are
gathered tonight passes an his
toric line that encircles the
globe. This line is invisible in
America. But in another land
1t is traced in blood. 1t is the
38th parallel, the line which di-
vides North and South Korea.
Today. this bloody line marks
the defense perimeter" of our
country in that part of Asia.
Yet scarcely more than two
years ago the present admin
stration announced its political
decision that the defense per-
1meter" of America in that part
of the world was a quite diff
ferent line. That defense line
did not touch Korea-or indeed
any part of the mainland of
Asia-but ran through islands
well off the continental shore.
Many an American family
knows only too we'll how history
has dealt with this policy de-
ciSion of our Government. The
Communists hastened to ex-
plot it. And we Americans are
still paying dearly to redeem it.
There has been a lot of public
discussion lately about this
matter. Perhaps Intentionally
this has obscured the basic fact.
The basic fact is that this de-
cision was political in nature
a matter of high policy. The
making of such a decision in
our American scheme of gov
eminent rests exclusively with
our civilian officials. The mill
tary may be called upon to ad-
wise, to give counsel, to appraise
the strategy. But so long as we
have been Nation the military
has never decided questions of
foreign policy. And If we are to
continue to be free, the military
never will.
Evening star., 1952-10-09

give to those already enslaved,
hope that will enable them to
continue resisting the oppressor
until his hold can be gradually
weakened, and loosened from
within.
In all these undertakings the
decisive fact will be the spirit,
the resolve, the determination
with which we bend to our
task. We are not going to win
the struggle for mems minds
merely by tripling congressional
appropriations for super-loud
Voice of America. Rather, it
will be the message which we
give the voice to speak. Rather,
it will be the spiritual strength.
the understanding and the
compassion which we Ameri-
cans can summon to put into
that message. Rather, it will
be the planned and effective
use of every means to appeal to
men and women everywhere.
In this enterprise which
describe we are not trying to
remake the world in the image
of America. We are not trying
to force any man to our way
If it is not his. We are not trying
to buy peace or bring peace
with the sword.
But we are people who are
strong in faith and purpose and
moral courage. And we have
an appointment to keep with
history.
If we can show to all the
peoples of this earth by
measures like those have des-
cribed tonight that their hope
Is our hope, that their goal is
our goal, then we shall keep
that appointment with history.
And that appointment is the
most important that history has
ever made for it can bring peace
on earth.
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Recalls Own Part
In Pacific Appraisal
By Joint Chiefs in 1947
BY the Asseeiotsd Prass

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. o.
Tert OF Gen. Eisenhower's ad-
dress last night at the San Fran
cisco Co,D Palace tollo,oS::
Gov. Warren and my friends
of California, for the warmth of
your welcome I am deeply CRATE
full. I have been on this cam
paign some weeks. There has
been nowhere else, that IS,
where people have shown
greater cordiality and a greater
welcome than here. I cannot
tell you how deeply I feel ron
ored by your cordiality.
There are many reasons why
I am happy to be here again in
California. I shall not waste
compliments on natural beauty
and natural wealth of your
great State: these blessings
speak eloquently for themselves.
must. however, pay tribute
to another and greater richness
that you enjoy. I am speaking
Of your richness in leadership.
Yours is the home State Of
my running mate-a young man
whose courage and forth
rightedness has stirred admira-
tion and appreciation all over
our country your Senator,
Dick Nixon. Yours is also the
home State of another man
whom greatly admire, Gov.
Earl Warren. Your Governor
combines personal and political
gifts Of a high order into a fine
blend Of common sense and hu-
manity. Beside these two men
stands a third to match them.
In the past three weeks of our
close association I have really
come to know your senior Sena-
tor and to appreciate the fine
quality of his mind and spirit
Senator Bill Knowland.
So it is not simply with re-
spect but also with gratitude
that I pay tribute to CALIFORNIA;
greatest wealth-the leaders
chosen by its people. My fellow
Americans, no state or nation
can ask for greater blessing
than leadership of wisdom and
courage. With this endowment
subtle but decisive. intangible
but Observation-Disclosures nations
have a strength no tyranny
can match.
Tonight I am going to speak
to you about some of the ca
lamities that have come to our
Nation because of lack of this
kind Of leadership. I am going
to speak of ways to discover
and display that leadership in
the years that lie ahead.
Evening star., 1952-10-09

"cold war" in order to escape
the horror of its opposite-war
itself.
In "cold war" we do not use
an arsenal of arms and arma-
mentS. Rather, we use all means
short of war to lead men to
believe in the values that will
preserve peace and freedom. Our
aim in ''cold war" is not conquest
OF territory or subjugation by
force. Our aim is more subtle,
more pervasive, more complete.
We are trying to get the world
by peaceful means to believe
the truth. The truth is that
Americans want a world at
peace, a world in which all
people shall have opportunity
for maximum individual devel-
opment.
The means we shall employ to
spread this truth are often called
psychological" Don't be afraid
of that term just because its
f1ve-dollar, five-syllable word.
Psychological warfare" is the
struggle for the minds and wills
of men.
Many people think psyche
logical warfare" means just the
use of propaganda like the con-
troversial Voice of America"
Certainly the use of propaganda,
of the written and spoken word,
of every means known to trans
NIT ideas, is an essential part of
winning other people to your
side. But propaganda is not the
most important part in this
struggle. The present adminis-
tration has never yet been able
to grasp the full import of a
psychological effort put forth
on a national scale.
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Was Urging Maintenance
OF u. S. Armed Strenoth

This man who recalls the
hope that I expressed in 1945.
conveniently forgot the circum-
stances under which I expressed
that hope. I was testifying at
the time before a congressional
committee. I was then urging
the maintenance of American
armed strength and the proper
training Of American bows
to bear arms. My testimony
amounted to an appeal to the
Congress to take every military
precaution against the day
when our most optimistic hope
mime and my fellow country
men's-might be shattered and
disillusioned.
Looking backward from 1852.
I'm mighty glad that I supported
IN 1945 policy of hope for the
best and prepare for the worst.
My statement was made before
the Kremlin tipped it's hand.
But now listen to the same
never-wrong man who is de-
crying this 1945 position of
mine. In 1948. three years later,
and after repeated instances of
Soviet duplicity, the same
never-wrong man said st like
old Uncle Joe Stain. Joe is a
decent fellow"
I hope you will bear with me
for having called history to the
witness stand. It's probably not
very important that these
charges against me are false.
But it is important for the
people to decide whether they
want to continue in power an
administration that will make
such charges to cover Its own
p tragic mistakes. d.
have spoken enough about
the past. Today, most Ameri-
cans agree that our defense of
the peace since 1945 has been
careless and dangerous. Now I
wish to speak of the future.
I first refer to Korea--there
We are engaged in a shooting
war. Our bill for that war al
ready adds up to 120, 900 Ameri-
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Would Time and Direct
Acts Toword Tordet

What would such a peacetime
Of "cold war" national strategy
mean? It would mean, in the
first place, the selection Of broad
national purposes and the desig-
nation within those purposes of
principal targets.
Then it would mean this: Ev-
cry significant act of Govern.
ment should be so timed and so
directed at a principal target
and so related to other govern
mental actions that it will pro-
duce the maximum effect. It
means that our Government in
this critical matter will no
longer be divided into alright
compartments.
It means that In carrying out
a national policy, every depart
ment and every agency of Gov
Evening star., 1952-10-09

dragged by we came to realize
that we had been swindled.
Now, a year and three months
later. We have learned a bitter
lesson in "cold war" strategy.
We know now how all this time
has been spent by the enemy.
The Communist military posi-
ton has been repaired. Beyond
that, it has probably been made
half again as strong.
The Soviet trap was perfectly
conceived. perfectly timed, per-
fectly sprung. For Is months
now. free world diplomacy has
been trying to climb the walls
OF bear pit into which it fell.
This lesson in the warfare of
the mind can be fully appreci-
ated only by contrast with
American performances. Just
consider as an example the
State Departments declaration
on our Asiatic defense perime-
ter"
There was psychological STRAIT
egy in reverse. BY it we man.
aged to worry all our friends in
the Far East and to encourage,
, If not invite, the ordeal in
Korea
If we are to prevail in this
"cold war" struggle for the
minds and wills of humanity,
we must do better. We must be
worthy of respect and regard.
Because we are know abroad by
the character and ability of our
National Government, it must
be that one inspires world re-
spect and regard. When we,
ourselves, can take honest pride
in our national leadership. peo-
pie in other lands will wish to
share that pride.
Evening star., 1952-10-09
Must Continue to Help
Free People StuY Free

We must, of course. continue
to help free people stay free.
We must prevent further con-
quest by the Communists that
would increase their strength
and weaken us. We must also
Evening star., 1952-10-09
PTA PIons Open House

The Parent-Teachers .Associa-
ton OF Mount Eagle Elementary
School, Gorveton, Va, will hold
an open house at 8 pm. Monday
at the school.
Evening star., 1952-10-09

cans killed, wounded and miss
ing.
Evening star., 1952-10-09

Mcneil MOTORS, INC.
1418 p st. NV.
Washington, d. C..
Evening star., 1952-10-09
HARDY RICHARDSON

MOTOR SALES
611 wilkes St.. Alexandria, Va.
Va. License Ne. 676
Evening star., 1952-12-11
Back Taxes
Owed U. 5. by virginians
BY the Associofed Press

RICHMOND, Dec. IL The
United States Internal Revenue
Bureau says Virginia taxpayers
owe $15.311,607 in back taxes
most of which it has already
moved to collect.
The amount represents Ia pc,
cent of the $1,051 10000 that Old
Dominion taxpayers paid during
the fiscal year ended June 80.
The total outstanding taxes were
computed as of September 80, the
bureau said, and represented a
slight drop from the amount owed
as of December 81, 1851.
ii Hoke Murray, director of in
ternal revenue here, commenting
on the figures made available from
Washington. said the Government
already has filed liens against
most Virginians who still owe in
come taxes, which amounted to
$13.672, ,143 of the total.
The remainder of the SIS mil
lion plus included $918.OOO in un-
paid payroll taxes and $721 ,456 in
miscellaneous taxes, the Wash
ington bureau said.
Evening star., 1952-12-11
Ford 1851 Earnings Reported
At $87 Million After Taxes

which it carries at book value
Of $135 a share. They are nom
voting shares.
There are six other holders of
Ford shares. the story continued.
They are the estate of Mrs. Henry
Ford, ST.; Mrs. Edsel Ford, her
three sons, and her daughter who
lis married to Walter Ford (pot a
Irelative).
Voting power. it said, is con-
jcentrated in 172,645 specially de-
Isignated shares owned BY the
family. In addition, the family
also holds nearly 200, 900 shares Of
inon-voting stock.
President of the company is
Henry Ford II. grandson of the
founder. His brother Benson
runs the Lincoln Mercury Divi-
sion and another brother William
makes studies of new and special
products.
The Wall Street journal said
that local taxes in 1851 took STA
million, depreciation $37.700, 900
and pension and profit sharing
contributions required $50 million.
The story said Ford paid a
dividend of $40 a share in 1851
ION earnings of $25 a share, and
repeatedly paid Sill in 1850 when
earnings were $50 share.
The latest balance sheet filed
with the Massachusetts State Tax
Commission November II showed
the surplus account on December
I3l. 1851. had $723,333,0O0 and
listed total assets of $1,584. .172,-
900. Both figures were larger
than for the previous year.
Evening star., 1952-12-11
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Dec. 11.-Earn-
1ngs of the Ford Motor Co., long
a well-kept secret, amounted to
$87 million after taxes in 1851,
the Wall Street Journal reported
today in copyrighted story.
The business paper SAID the
profit figure was on sales of
$2.952, 100000 and put Ford, rath-
er than Chrysler, as the second
largest auto maker. General Mo-
tors is first by a wide margin.
The only public source of in
formation on finances of Ford
has been an abbreviated balance
sheet filed with the Massachusetts,
commissioner of corporations and
taxation under that States law.
The balance sheet gives no sales
and profits figures.
The Wall Street Journal did not
give the source of it's information
on Ford earnings for 1851 and
four other years. In Detroit the
Ford company reported it had
mo comment" on the story.
For the prior four years the
Journal gave these figures for
Ford profits: $78 million in 1947,
$119 million in 1948, 1903 million
in 1949 and $279 million in 1850
"a banner year for the entire
industry.
The decline in earnings to SGT
million in 1851 was attributed to
Federal curbs on automobile out
put and to the Federal excess
profits tax. Other automobile
makers had similar declines. Cen
eral Motors profits dropped from
1884 million dollars in 1850 to
$506 million in 1851. and Chrys-
ler's from $128 million in 1850 to
$72 million in 1851.
Other companies have to file
regular reports in profits. sales
and other financial data because
their stock is in the hands of the
public and traded on securities
exchanges. Ford does not, since
its stock is all owned by members
of the family and the Ford Foun-
dation.
There are 3,452, 900 shares of
stock in Ford Motor Co.. with the
Ford Foundation holding 3,089, ,908
Evening star., 1952-12-11
By the Assoeioted Pres.


NEW YORK. Dec. ll.-A State
Department official says II out of
40 Americans termed bad security
risks by the department still are
holding down their jobs in the
United Nations.
The official, John D. Hickerson.
assistant Secretary of State for
U. N. affairs, testified yesterday
before the Senate Internal Secur-
|ity Subcommittee investigating al
|!egedly subversive Americans work
ing for the world organization.
Two more out of the 4O-mak-
ing total of 14--were blackballed
by the department. ION a basis Of
morals" Mr.. Hickerson said.
Mr.. Hickerson's oral and writ
ten testimony-from notes inserted
into the record--was heard by
Senators O'Conor, Democrat, of
Maryland, and Ferguson, Repub-
lcan, or M1chlgan.
IA Fired Before October /.
Of the % American U. N. en-
ployes dropped after his depart
ment questioned their loyalty, Mr..
Hickerson said.- IA were fired be-
fore October /. and IA more since
then-as a result of the State De-
partment reports or Senate and
grand jury Investigations. Up to
now, the U. N. has admitted firing
Ii Americans on loyalty grounds.
Mr.. Hickerson declined to
name any of the 40 cases pub
licly, saying that the matter was
confidential" between the State
Department and the U. N. The
State Department is not re-
sponsible for U. N. personnel, he
said; beyond checking their loyal
ty. and the actual firing was up
to the U. N.
Mr.. Hickerson also told the
subcommittee members:
The State Department has not
had evidence justifying the con-
Iclusion that espionage activities
are being conducted by Ameri-
cans employed in the U. N"
Doesn't Know Of Pressure.
Asked If other nations brought
pressure on the u. N. in behalf
of Americans listed as bad risks
by the State Department, Mr..
Hickerson said: "As far as I
know, that is not the case"
Mr.. Hickerson testified there
was an average three months lag
between the period an American
was reported a risk and the time
he was DISCHARGED by the u. N.