davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-01-02
law and Order Cost q Lot Of Money

Federal Jurisdictions ranges from $3,825
to $4,000 yearly apiece, or from SIS to
about $50 each for every working day.
Each of the IL jurors and one alter
nate gets ST a day. Prosecution wit
nesses-and in important cases they
appear in seemingly endless parade
receive 81 daily with out-of- -towners
getting an additional SIS with cents a
mile for travel.
In addition to paying for its own wit
nesses. the Government, at court di-
rection, must also pay for defense wit
nesSes when the defendant has Signif1ed
under oath that he is unable to pay
In treason cases, such as that of Axis
Sally, witnesses for the defense were
flown from Europe at Government ex-
pense to insure fair trial under the
Constitution.
Before the court orders witnesses to
be brought in at Government expense,
it determines through questioning that
the move is not purely capricious one.
Other elements entering into the ex-
pense picture are the salaries of the
clerk of the courts, the court reporter
and the judges secretary. Legal minds
as yet have no clear-cut answer to the
problem of shaving expenses while still
insuring fair trial
One suggestion has been for sitter
sentences to decrease the number of
times "repeaters" are brought before
the bar on new charges The ideal solu-
ton, of course lies in the field of crime
prevention. The Kefauver committee.
investigating crime conditions, may
come up with recommendations along
those lines.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Sleep Show Fon

Radio Station WMAL, at horribly fire.
quent intervals. broadcasts something
called The Sleep Show in place of
the unpresuming "Nocturne." Sometimes
I am working, and too absorbed in my
task to leap for the dial, until this syrupy,
suggestive monotone begins to ooze from
the loudspeaker and gather in sticky
puddleS under the radio.
After my frantic fingers have wrenched
the innocent condenser to an inoffensive
spot, I rest awhile in silence broken only
occasionally by muffled. racking sobs and
the clearly audible metallic pings as my
gorge, cooling, descends once more to its
proper level.
The reaction of your correspondent to
this program is like that of ravenous
carnivore being confronted with fruit
salad. Shocked surprise. blind rage. and
a quick search for something palatable.
White Fang.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Russia and A-Weopons

1t is a reasonably safe assumption that the
United States still maintains a large lead over
the Soviet Union in the field of atomic weapons,
both as regards quantity and quality. AS far
as the immediate world situation is concerned
this particular American superiority-taken
together with our long-range strategic air force
probably constitutes the most important single
factor that has thus far deferred the Kremlin
from committing an act of aggression direct and
heinous enough to precipitate an all-out war
calling for instantaneous and massive counter
attack from us.
But how long will that deterrent really serve
to deter? No one can be sure of the answer.
The only thing anybody can be sure of is that
there is not the slightest reason for complacency
on the part of our own country or the rest of
the free world. For the fact is that time is
not on our side in this matter. AS pointed out
to the Senate Appropriations Committee by
Chairman Gordon Dean of the Atomic Energy
Commission the Russians undoubtedly are max
ing an intensive effort to produce big stockpe
OF A-weapons as fast as possible; nor would it
be sensible to suppose that they are not capable
of doing So Further than that-and the author
ity for this statement is the distinguished DR..
Vannevar Bush, chief of our wartime Office of
Scientific Research and Development-we should
regard it pretty much as certainty that they
have been Sparing no effort to develop radar,
aircraft artillery, jetplane interception and
ground-to-air guided missiles along lines calcu-
lated to nullify whatever counterattacking
superiority We may have at the present moment.
In other words, in terms of their ability both
to deliver atomic attacks on American cities and
to defend themselves from such attacks by us,
the Russians are not letting the grass grow under
their feet AS time passes, they are growing
stronger and stronger in this respect, although
now they may be highly vulnerable. 1t would
be folly of the worst kind to assume otherwise.
In quantity and quality, Our arsenal of A-weapons
may continue to be far superior to theirs, but
this is field in which the margin of superiority
after the competitors reach a certain point
tends to diminish in significance. Our military
preparedness and strategy must be governed
accordingly.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
On Holding the Line

In its latest report, the Presidents Council
OF Economic Advisers takes brave stand in the
matter of putting our defense costs on pay
as-we go basis
If this is to be done as the council recognizes,
there must be sharp increase in both corporate
and individual taxes and firm restraints on both
price and wage advances. OF the three, price
restraints will be easiest to set up. They are
politically palatable and they may appear for
while to be holding down the cost of living.
The difficulty is, however, that price controls
cannot be maintained for long unless accom-
panied by effective wage controls which will not
be popular, and, further, that neither one nor
both of these devices restrain initiation unless
the excess of purchasing power over the supply
of consumer goods is drained off through higher
taxes or some other method
Whether Congress and the administration
will have the courage to provide for the neces-
sary increase in taxes and the wage controls
remains to be SEEN The economic advisers state
canddy that the real meaning of such a pro-
gram is that the people, both in and out OF
unions must not only give up hope of rising
standard of living, but must also accept an actual
decline as the wage level is stabilized and as the
higher taxes bite into what has been their nor
NAL take-home pay.
This is not going to be done II the official
attitude continues to be that which was reflected
in the recent White House settlement of the
railroad dispute There, in effect, strike was
bought off by granting wage increases thoroughly
inconsistent with the position taken by the eco
nomic advisers Neither will it be done unless
the people generally have enough intelligent
elfinterest to make the requisite sacrifices now
In order to ward off overwhelming economic
troubles later on. 1t may well be that our free
society faces it's sternes test not in the military
theater, but on this economic battlefield
Evening star., 1951-01-02
ButIer-Tydines-O'Cono

AS a grass-roots voter of the Eastern
Shore of Maryland, and former officer
of the Maryland Federation of Women's
Clubs, want to urge Senator OConcr
to contest the seating of Senator elect
Butler until a full-scale investigation
of the Butler campaign can be made by
the Senate Rules and Administration
Committee.
The Senate Democratic caucus today
is the time and place, and Senator
OConor is the man to speak for the
voters of Maryland, regardless of party,
race or religion. 1t is Mr. OConor, and
not the defeated candidate. who should
challenge the results of a campaign
which appears to have been successful
only because of malicious. fraudulent
and intimidating propaganda circulated
at eXorbitant expense, in behalf of the
Republican candidate.
In 1888. Maryland voters rebuked the
President of the United States for in
terfering in Maryland primary cam
paign. Why, in 1850, do we allow a
Senator from Wisconsin to choose the
United States Senator for Maryland?
Is it because Senator Mccarthy beats
upon his breast and proclaims himself the
arch foe of Communism? So did Hitler.
Eastern Shore Democrat.
Greensboro. Md
Evening star., 1951-01-02
By Howard |. Dutkin

A S THE HANDS of the clocks in Fed
"A eral courtrooms throughout the
country slowly revolve, they tick away
not only the freedom and often the lives
of the guilty, but also the dollars of the
taxpayer.
1t cost us $128, 900 up to the last fiscal
year for the trial of the II Communist
leaders in New York; $75.000 to convict
Tokyo Rose of treason; $4,000 for the
New York trial of Judith Coplon on
espionage charges; $4,000 for the six
week trial of Mildred E. (Axis Sally Gill
lars on treason charges, and $4,000 to
try Herbert Burgman, former United
States consulate employe in Berlin, on
similar counts.
Those are the figures attested to be-
fore the House subcommittee of the
Committee on Appropriations on Janu-
airy II, 1885, holding hearings on De-
partment of Justice appropriations for
1851.
The budget of the department for the
last fiscal year totaled $3.50 million, with
the lions share going for criminal in
vestigation, prosecution and penitentiary
upkeep Of those convicted. OF the total
budget, $50 million was earmarked for
the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and
$24 million for Federal penitentiaries.
According to a spokesman for the
Justice Department, it cost 62 cents a
day for the upkeep of each of the 1880
persons making up the Federal prison
population last year.
Few courtroom spectators absorbed in
the real life drama unfolding before
them are aware what their seats at the
Evening star., 1951-01-02

dvisions) are prepared to fight long and bitterly
against any attacker.
AS General Goshnjak has put it, Hitlers
ultimate fate in the Second World War stands
out as just another confirmation of the military
truism that initial triumphs do not mean that
war has been won nor do initial defeats mean
that war has been lost. On the contrary,
Victory is on the side of those who win the last
battle; many aggressorS in history did not take
enough notice of this fact" These words from
threatened Yugoslavia are we'll worth the atten-
tion not merely Of the Moscow-Peiping Cocoon
spirators but of all the waverers and the faint
of heart who tend to forget that the free nations
properly mobilized and united have more than
sufficient power to be invincible
Evening star., 1951-01-02
They Planned 1t That Way

Dean Rusk, Assistant Secretary of State for
Far Eastern Affairs, has effectively quashed
silly idea The idea-still held in some naive
uuarters-s that Red Chnas criminal interven-
ton in Korea may properly be attributed TO
kind of Spur-ofthe- e-moment decision growing
out of mistaken fear that Manchuria might
be endangered by the anti aggression forces OF
the United Nations.
Actually, however, as MIR. Rusk has declared
in an overseas broadcast for the Voice Of
America, the truth is that Peiping actively con-
spired in and prepared for the attack on the
free Republic of Korea long before the North
Korean Reds struck southwark across the 38th
Parallel last June Is. There is abundant eVl-
dence, for example, that large portion of the
latter's military forces were trained in CHINA
and came from there just prior to launching their
aggression There is abundant evidence. too,
that considerable Soviet military equipment for
those forces was shipped through Chinese Com
munist Manchuria in April and May-equipment
that included Russian-made aircraft.
Moreover, in Mr. Rusk's words 'The bulk of
the Chinese Communist forces which intervened
in Korea in October were units of the Commu-
nists Fourth Field Army, which previously had
been stationed in South China but which started
moving north to the Korean border before the
outbreak of hostilities" in June. Accordingly,
Mr.. Rusk has stated the obvious in declaring,
There can be no doubt now but that the Chinese
Communists, from the very start, had every
intention of intervening actively should North
Korean forces fail in their mission to seize all
of Korea" In the light of the evidence available,
only the blind or the simple minded can think
otherwise
In sum, not impulse not a mistaken fear
about danger to Chinese territory, but delib-
crate, conspiratorial, made-n-advance decision
accounts for Red Chnas aggression in Korea.
That decision, of course, has been Moscow's even
more than it has been puppet Peiping's. We
had better not kid ourselves. The men of the
Kremln have planned it all, and if we are wise,
we will govern our own plans accordingly-with
a sense of urgency.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Leadership, Not PIotitudes'

A great feeling of pessimism overlook
many Americans upon hearing that they
may have to experience an austerlty
economy. Frankly, I feel optimistic
about it. because it means We might
possibly and at long last get down to
bare essentials-not in our consumption
of goods. but in our perspective.
We have been trying to live on lux
ury economy in a have-not world, and
through indifference have succeeded in
driving the small countries OF the East
into the arms of Russia. The formal
declaration of national emergency may
at least force us into the realization
that we cannot enjoy a permanent lux
ury economy in divided world and
expect to survive.
We cannot get tough with Russia
unless We first get tough with ourselves.
We cannot pacify the Russian bear with
platitudes, or by holding the dollar sign
over his head. We cannot establish q
unified world with soporiflcs or with
nebulous and idealistic international or
ganizations; we can only do it through
objective leadership-and force.
In a ruthless world we have to be
ruthless. In an age when nationalism
is the highest stage OF human develop
ment, we can only seek to protect our
own potent national character so that
it may eventually become the instrument
for the creation of a world state.
We accuse Russia Of aggression and
of totalitarian motives. But at the
same time we do not think enough of
our own culture and civilization to be
aggressive-in our own right. to make our
way of life live and grow. And this is
partly because we fear that in the proc
ess that way of life may become some
thing else Whatever that something
else may be, it is superior to moral and
social degeneration.
We cannot go on making blunders:
We cannot afford to win another world
war and then fail to make good on the
victory This is our last chance to
show the peoples of the world that we
are equal to our responsibilities. They
want leadership and direction, not plati-
tudes and charity, and if they don't get
it from us they will be compelled to
take it from Russia. Let us at least
learn that much from the Korean
debacle.
Carl Wickum.
There is crying need for all to lay
aside self f-seeking, self-indulgence IN
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Civil Defense Gets Go Sian

With the passage of national and District
civil defense legislation, the job of preparing
the home front for the hazards of atomic war
fare, If it should come, can go forward with
something resembling orderly planning. Up to
now 1t has been impossible to make definite
plans with any confidence in their correctness
Civil defense has been marking time during
twilight era preliminary to enactment of neces-
sary laws giving authority and funds to those
responsible for getting the program started.
The national measure provides the statutory
basis for organizing an independent Federal
agency to give overall guidance to States,
counties and cities. The local authorities have
been seeking in vain for the sort of counsel they
must have If the chaotic indeciSion and con-
fusion of early civil defense efforts are to be
eliminated. A temporary Federal set-up could
not be expected>to do the positive planning and
give the explicit instructions that local civil
defense officials have been clamoring for. Con-
gress now has authorized Nationwide $3.1
billion civil defense program-but the funds are
yet to be appropriated. The legislation approves
not only outright Federal grants up to so per
cent of the cost of certain facilities such as
bomb shelters, but also loans for semi-defense
projects like hospital expansion and underground
garages. A series of special appropriation bills
will have to be passed to carry out these
provisions.
On the District front, meanwhile, Congress
has approved the Commissioners request to
spend some of the Districts own money on
urgent preliminary planning and purchasing.
Afraid alarms, a blood bank for emergency
use, improved communications and educational
work are to be financed with the local money.
This will be only small start of course, on
civil defense program for Washington that will
run into millions of dollars. The ultimate
financing of this program of safeguards for the
Nations Capital is one which Congress must
consider in subsequent legislation. In this
connection it must be kept in mind that the
responsibility for protecting the seat OF Gov
ernment is joint one, to be shared by the
Federal Government as we'll as by District
citizens.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Pen names may be used If letters carry
10riters' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.

individual, whose freedom was assured
by our Constitution, and the incentive
for profit inherent in our system of free
enterprise
Mr.. Pfanstiehl is evidently under the
popular misconception that academic
freedom" means academic license" to
teach only foreign ideologies to the total
exclusion of our American constitutional
form of Government. Magruder says on
page 35 of American Government that
socialism means the use of government
to bring about equality of opportunity
among citizens" and that communism
means the holding of property in COM
mon through the government" Nowhere
does Magruder state that both socialism
and communism are based on the sub
servience of the individual to the state,
and that no socialistlc or communlStic
nation has ever reached the high stand
ards of living attained by the United
States through capitalist free enterprise.
Magruder,s book further states on page
Ala that THE Communist Party dis
solved as party in 1914 and supported
Mr. Roosevelt; but in 1945 it repudiated
Earl Bowder and reorganiZed as polit-
ical party" According to the Depart
ment of Justice and the House Committee
on Un-American Activities, the Com
munist conspiracy is not now and never
has been political party" as misstated
by Magruder. Yet this is the kind of
Intentionally misleading indoctrination
daily being perpetrated upon immature,
energetic and sincere youths in WASH
ington public schools.
Franklin T. Miles.
Evening star., 1951-01-02

"show" actually are costing them and
their fellow citizens.
The Federal judge presiding at a
salary Of $4,000 yearly draws down
about $57 for each day of the trial.
not counting Saturdays and Sundays off.
In cases of more than routine i'm
portance. two assistant United States
attorneys carry on the prosecution.
Their pay in this and other important
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Sky Feathers

When tUinter plnmes
OF cloud are preened
By uagrant ,Dinds .
With icy hands,
Mankind groiDs mute
As the feathers fall
From moulting skies.
Their mrGribon
Is soft and i1arm
around the necks
OF bur0m hills.
This teather-snose
Is mhite as peace.
Mcry o'conner.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Letters to The Star

more and more ease. more and more Of
the material comforts of life.
There must be a return to a simpler
way of life, a quieter life. We shall
never find the way to peace while burn
ing up the highway to material pros
perity, but freezing on the way to
spiritual well-being.
John A. Lacy.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer to
any question of fact by either writing The
NV. Washington 5, D. C.. and inclosinE 8 cents
return postage. or by telephoninR ST. 500o
Extension 35S.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. What King of France dismounted
as he approached Nazareth. and pro-
ceeded on foot to the town.. L. M.
A. Following his captivity in Egypt.
st. Louis. King of France, and Queen
Marguerite visited the holy places in
Palestine AS the King neared Nazareth,
he left the saddle and knelt in prayer.
He then entered Nazareth on foot.
Evening star., 1951-01-02

@. In Bethlehem, Pa, the Christmas
season is observed by lighting a famous
electric star. Where is it located and
how many bulbs are in it?-E. s. S.
A. The Bethlehem Star is on the top
of South Mountain. 1t has $50 bulbs.
Evening star., 1951-01-02

@. Was there Spanish settlement on
the site of the one founded at James,
town, Va, by Captain John Smith,
P. P. P.
A. In 1926, the settlement Of San
Miguel was established where later
Q607 the colonists who came on the
Sarah Constant, Goodspeed and Discov-
cry, founded their jamestown colony.
Evening star., 1951-01-02
Patent Office

Minneapolis.
, 1951-10-17
SHIPPING NEWS

The SIS Fort Amherst" is
scheduled to sail from New
York October 18th and is due
at Frederiksted October 24th,
accepting freight for Puerto
de Hierros, Trinidad, St. Vim
cent, Barbados, Martinique
and Antigua.
Rob't L. Merwin x Co., Inc.
Alcoa Steamship Company. Inc
, 1951-10-17

twenty minutes late with
seven Crucians who arrived
yesterday and three local legis
lators in their seats. When the
gavel sounded at ten O'Clock
the same seven Crucian legis-
lators were present but not a
single local legislator had
arrived.
The Assembly meeting al
most exploded less than five
minutes after two new mem
bers, Ernest Rohlsen and S.
Christian Chase had made ap
propriate remarks p1edging
their cooperation.
Only one spectator was on
hand to see the Assembly be-
gin the 29-item session which
IS expected to last we'll over a
month. Acting Governor Da-
MEL Ambrose was scheduled
to address the Assembly today
at two o'clock.
ST. Thomas Daily News
, 1951-10-17

CARIBBEAN -.
in Puerto Rico next March.
In addition, there are the
report and recommendations
of the Fourth Meeting Of the
Caribbean Research Council
which was held in Trinidad in
July this year. Among other
suggestions, the C.R.C has
made proposals to integrate
more effectively the activities
of the Caribbean Commission
and to improve the liason be-
tween the Commission and its
auxiliary bodies, the West In
dian Conference and the Coun
Gil.
The Commission also will 60
into the matter Of preparation
for the West Indian Confer
ence Fifth SESSION. which is
scheduled to be held in jam
aica next year. On this point,
the Commission has the bene-
fit of recommendations formu-
lated at a recent joint meeting
Of the Agricultural and Indus
trial Development Research
Committees held for the pur-
pose Of considering the Confer
ence agenda and documenta-
ion.
Also included in the agenda
acing the Commissioners in
st. Croix will be the report of
he Meteorology meeting, held
n Trinidad in June; several
proposals dealing with Techni
al Assistance Projects; as
veil as the usual housekeep-
ng matters Of reviewing and
guiding the activities Of the
Central Secretariat, which is,
as it were, the Commissions
executive arm.
, 1951-10-17
CARD Of

The children and relatiues
the late Mrs. Rebecca Roe
buck, both here and on the
mainland, through this med
ium, thank the many friends
and acquaintance uho er-
pressed sympathy during her
illness and upon her death.
, 1951-10-17
PUBLICATION

1t is hereby brought to pub
lie notice that the Government
of the Virgin Islands of the
United States has this date
authorized The Reverend
Leroy N. Johnson Of the Me
tropolitan Church Association,
Inc, st. Croix, Virgin Islands,
to perform civil-religious
ceremonies in the Munich
pality of St. Croix.
Govt. of the Virgin Islands
of the United States
Charlotte Amalie. St. Thomas
October II, 1851
DANIEL w. AMBROSE
Government Secretary
, 1951-10-17
BOOBY-TRAP

motion, seconded it and with
the aid Of Assemblymen
Chase, Brown and McFarlane
it was passed with one person
dissenting.
The meeting convened