davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-08-15

not only in Montana, but in other
states as we'll
Most of this loss is due to methods
Of handling the crop from the time
it is cut until it is threshed. Of
course, it takes more time and labor
to handle it properly, but it pays
pretty big dividend.
Any method which will reduce
the number Of times the plants are
handled in getting them into long,
narrow stacks for airing will reduce
the loss.
If the seed crop is cut on the inn
mature side-that is, when the ma
jority of the pods are in the dark
tan stage-then it is necessary to
put the plants in large punches or
in stacks as soon as the leaves have
wilted down and while there is still
moisture in the stems.
Quick and complete curing in
small cocks when seed is cut at this
stage, will result in light seed. Quite
a few crops were short last year be-
cause the plants remained in small
cocks and cured too quickly. Oftimes
this happens when a large acreage
is cut before the stacking operations
are begun.
Keep il Clean
The problem of contamination of
small grain by insects and rodents
is becoming serious. It is essential
that more care be given in protecting
grain through proper storage be-
tween harvest and shipment to mar
ket. Clean binning, adequately pro-
tected from weather and rodents,
seems to be part of the answer. Stor-
age that has proper ventilation and
is waterproof and rodent tight
should be the goal in all storage OPP
erations.
Evening star., 1951-08-23
BY the Assoeiated Press

j. Edgar Hoover believes re-
cent college athletic scandals and
gangs of youthful hoodlums in
large cities indicate "a break
down of the moral fiber of the
country"
There is less respect for law
and order" Mr.. Hoover, veteran
director of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation. told the Senate
Appropriations Committee re-
Gently in testifying about funds
for his agency. The testimony
was made public yesterday.
Take New York for example, /"
Mr.. Hoover said, 40 or 20 years
ago you did not hear continuously
of young hoodlums banding up in
groups of three and four, attack
ing and robbing citizens on public
thoroughfares.
Cites Open Park Battles.
There are open gun and knife
battles in our public parks in
metropolitan New York City to-
day. Rape. murder and felonious
assaults are committed"
He said the same is true in "Los
Angeles and other cities"
I'm certain cities they run like
a pack of animals, descending
uptn unsuspecting citizens, vi
ciously assaulting them, and plac--
ing their lives in jeopardy. Some
times there is no robbery element
Evening star., 1951-08-23

insurance, transportation, COM
munication and public utilities.
Those industries also were free
of price controls during World
War II, but the wages they paid
were controlled and the point was
not challenged.
Panel Divided Equally.
The special panel, like the Wage
Board itself, was divided equally
between representatives of the
public, industry and labor.
The four members speaking for
the public and industry expressed
the opinion that industries ex-
empt from price controls are not
necessarily exempt from wage con-
trolls under the law, but they Sug-
gested that Justice Department
advice be obtained. The labor
members said industries whose
prices are not controlled should
also be free of wage curbs.
Evening star., 1951-08-23
Hoover Sees Moral Breakdown
In College Athletic Scandals

involved; it is just sadistic as
sault." Mr.. Hoover added.
Says Colleges Involved.
The FBI head said the tendency
of youths to more or less break
away from controls and from dis
cipline" also extends into colleges.
Talking of such things as the
fixing of college basketball games
by gamblers at Madison Square
Garden, Mr.. Hoover said the ath-
letes are not alone to blame.
"The blame must be shared by
the universities which have COM
merciallzed athletics in order to
get money to enlarge their college
faculties, ct cetera," he said.
Evening star., 1951-08-23
End Of Wage Controls
In Price Exempt Lines
Left Up 10 WSB Ruling
BY the Associaied Press

The question of whether to free
from Government controls the
wages of about 10 million workers
in industries exempt from price
controls has been dropped back in
the lap of the Wage Sterilization
Board.
A special panel which the board
had assigned to study the problem
and prepare an answer split many
ways yesterday. A majority did
agree that the problem was so
tough the Attorney General should
be called in.
McGrath Ruling Asked.
A panel majority suggested that
the board ask Attorney General
McGrath to rule on whether Con-
greSS meant to exempt from wage
restrictions workers In industries
whose prices are not under con-
trolls. The six-man panel said the
Defense Production Act is not
clear on the point.
Major industries exempt from
price controls include newspapers,
radio, television, motion pictures,
Evening star., 1951-08-23
French Parliament Gets
Bill for Schumun Plan
BY the Associated Press

PARIS, Aug. 23.-A bill to ratify
the Schuman Plan for pooling
West Europe's steel and coal pro-
duction was introduced in the
French Parliament last night.
Foreign Minister Robert Schu-
man, who first proposed the prof.
ect last year, predicted France
will complete the ratification
process by late October.
Evening star., 1951-08-23
Defense officiuI Confirmed

The Senate yesterday confirmed
the nomination of Frank C. Nash
as Assistant Secretary of Defense.
He succeeds Maj. Gen. James H.
Burns, resigned.
Evening star., 1951-08-23

Right from regular stock superb quality Knox
hats at savings of one-holf Choose from all the
popular broids in all the summer shodes. There's
still enough srow hat weather ahead to make these
values very important.
Evening star., 1951-08-23

AII-wooI tropicoIs and year found
weights in two or three-button
models. Sizes: ReeuIors, IS to
AZ; shorts, IS to 80; longs, 36,
SO to 40.
Evening star., 1951-08-23

Washable nyIon royon blend.
Check carefully for your size:
Regulars IS to 38, As, 48; shorts
36 to 81; longs 81. SO, 46; stouts
"A, 46.
Evening star., 1951-08-23

Lightweight tropical sports coats
at extraordinary savings. Sizes:
Regulars, 35 to 40; shorts, 36 to
38; longs, Sc to 46; extra longs,
SO to 46, so.
Evening star., 1951-04-08

for regular army soldiers and con-
scripts. In Belgium, for example,
where the regular army private
gets $3.50 a day. a conscript draws
only 20 cents a day for IL months
After that it's 40 cents a day.
A conscript in Holland gets q
cents, compared to the rs cents he
draws after six months service.
In the top brass brackets the
pay difference is as bad. or worse.
A French general, for instance,
draws about the same salary as a
United States Army second lieu
tenant. the lowest commissioned
grade.
A Danish colonel is paid more
than an italian general. but only
slightly more than a United States
sergeant.
An American general of the
three top grades draws an annual
check of $13,500 for salary, food
and housing allowances. This is
just about twice as much as the
pay of a Belgian general, next
highest paid officer in the Atlantic
army.
Here is the way some European
armies compare, in the extras =
with the GIs' food and housing
allowances:
France-Private soldiers and
mon commissioned officers get up
Evening star., 1951-04-08
By Corter Dovidson

PARASITIC highest-paid SOL
diers in the world, American GIs.
are lining up beside international
army buddies who get as little
as a nickel a day.
The difference in pay between
countries supplying troops for the
Atlantic pact's European army is
one of the vexing problems faced
by Gen. Eisenhower and his staff
at Supreme Headquarters, Allied
Powers in Europe.
The whole idea of the Atlantic
army is international military CO.
operation. So far, it is working
well as Gen. Eisenhower and his
staff officers get the army or
ganized. But it brings up
problems.
Little Friction
A French colonel, for instance,
may one day be assigned to COM
mand a regiment or battalion of
Atlantic troops that may have
American. British, Norwegian and
French In it. The United States
top sergeant will be drawing about
$25 a year more than his colonel.
If a United States Army cap
tain, on the other hand, ever leads
a 200-man company of Italians
into action or maneuvers, his base
pay of 1914 a month will be just
about equal to the total pay of
all the troops he commands. A
company of United States soldiers
would have a total base pay of
some $1,000 a month.
So far there has been little fric-
ton. If any, as a result of pay diff
ferences.
But real problems are feared
when the actual integration Of
troops into an Atlantic army gets
under way. Gen. Eisenhower
officers are working on it now, but
little can be done until the gov
|ernments of the Atlantic commu-
nifty raise the lower-level army
standards.
This Is being considered in
many countries. But In others,
Evening star., 1951-04-08
Pay Scale in Eisenhower|s Army Needs Ad diusting

to six free cigarettes a day. Of
fcers travel for one-fourth price
on railways. No housing allow
ances, free food if at army
messes. Free medical treatment
Italy-Private soldiers get nc
family housing allowances. Nom
commissioned and commissioned
officers live in state-owned apart
ment houses at special low rents
Holland-Soldiers receive fret
board and lodging. Married Off.
GERS get a rent and living allow
ance if assigned outside home
area. Unmarried soldiers pay
their rent out of their salaries
averaging about $40 a month.
Norway-Soldiers get free fooc
and lodgings, plus medical ant
dental care. also half-price rail.
way tickets. Non-coms and Off.
GERS pay for all personal needs, in.
Guiding uniforms.
Germans Fared Better
Denmark-Private soldiers, cor.
porals and cadets get free uni.
forms, food. housing and half.
price railway travel. No allow.
ances for officers.
Similar statistics for othel
countries were not available.
The Germans have no military
service now, but when they hac
one, Hitler made his fighting mer
comfortable-on European stand.
ards at least.
The Wehrmacht paid it's sol.
diers according to length of serv.
ice, and gave enlisted men anC
non-coms free housing, food
clothing and medical treatment
Officers got a special allowance tt
pay for the same things. The
German army issued free cigar.
cites and liquor rations during
wartime only, and the amount
varied according to whether q sol.
dier was at the front or in the
rear areas. Soldiers and officers
alike got one mark a day bonus
for each day at the front.
German base pay ranged from
about 40 cents a day for privates
to $4,000 a year for generals.
Distributed BY the Associated rress.)
Evening star., 1951-04-08
Politics
Continued From Page CID

dates in Illinois, for example, far
exceeded the $25, 900 limit. Former
Senator Lucas, Democrat, reported
he had expended $102,741.48. and
Senator Dirksen. Republican, who
won the election, reported spend
ing $82,731.48. These. it will be
remembered. were reports of their
personal spendings and do not
cover the expenditures made for
them by many others, including
organizations. In the Maryland
senatorial campaign, Senator
Butler reported $90.603 and for
mer Senator Tydings $21, 1923.
The Gillette committee will be
asked to consider methods for
eliminating loopholes now wide
open for campaign spending. As
a counterproposition. it will be
asked to look into proposals that
the campaign expenditures for
President and Vice President, and
for all members of Congress, be
paid by the Government out of
public funds. The latter PROPOSE
tion has been repeatedly advo-
Gated. An objection, however, is
that If the Government is to pay
the expenses of the candidates and.
fix a limit-then any candidate
who can get a sufficient following
to obtain a place on the ballot will
be able to demand that he be al
lowed the same amount of money
with which to campaign. In such
circumstances, there would be q
lot of splinter parties and candi-
dates, all feeding out Of the public
trough during campaigns.
The cost of campaigning, as well
as the mudslinging, is keeping WELL
Qualified candidates out Of a lot
Iof political races, as things are
today. That's a situation the
Senate committee is anxious to
|remedy-as well as to prevent cor
rupt elections.
Evening star., 1951-04-08
obey
Continued From Page CID


"mirabile dictu," and 'pro bono
publico."
He is fond, too, of quoting from
his favorite poets. Build thee
more stately mansions, o my
SOUL" from Oliver Wendell
Holmes, is an admonition he ad-
ministers to himself from time to
time. "Some men lift up the level
of the age they inhabit" is a line
from a modern play which he
liked and added to his repertoire.
AS a man who started out as
a bank clerk, worked his way up
to the local school board, then
Speaker of the New Hampshire
House of Representatives, Presi-
dent of the State Senate and Gov
ernor, Mr.. Tobey as a United
States Representative from 1888
to 1888 and as a Senator since
1898 had retained the common
touch. Every year for the last
80 years, on the last Sunday in
August, the people from Temple
and miles around gather on a
hill overlooking the pine woods
on the Tobey farm for an inter-
denominational hymn service,
originally organized and still led
by Senator Tobey.
At first, 49 persons attended
Now 1000 participate each year
Each of these friends and neigh
bors senses Tobey's innate SYM
pathy for the common man and
his nobility of soul.
One Christmas eve, standing
near Washington's Union Station
and watching the ceaseleSs swarm
of humanity to and from the
trains, the Senator became sud-
denly misty-eyed. Telling friend
about it later, he said:
"I thought of them not just as
people in the mass, but each as
an individual, with his own prob
lens. his own joys and sorrows
and triumphs. I felt, as Senator
q very personal responsibility fol
them.
"If there is a danger to this
country, it is that the plain people
may lose their faith in the agents
of their Government. may get the
idea that we don't give a damn
about them except at election
time. They might get the idea if
they knew all the chicanery and
intrigue and deceit that goes on
behind the scenes in Washington
What this country needs is a
revival of the old simple virtues
of honesty and integrity in Gov
eminent"
This, a typical TobeyeSque OBJ
servation, was made long before
his smash hit on television. He
has been saying such things, ano
meaning them, for many years
He's as delighted with televisior
as it is with him, and he's de-
scribed it as a mystic, magic
thing" that gives the people a 'rea'
chance to see Government at work
Important Senate debates ano
hearings should all be televised, hi
believes, pro bono publico."
(Bys Special Advancement With St. Loui
t-Dispatch.)
Evening star., 1951-04-08
Thrust by Reds Could Cut East West World in Two
Iran Might Prove
Easy for Russia,
But Not Turkey

(TWo Associated Press corre-
Spondents thoroughly grounded
in all aspects of the Middle East
situation collaborate in this ar
ticle telling how that area mag
be expected to react In the eDent
OF a Russian attack. Robert B.
HeWett is stationed at Tehernn,
Iran, and EdiDin B. GreeniDGld
at 1Stdnbul, Turkey.)
Evening star., 1951-04-08

developed fields in Saudi Arabia.
The Suez Canal and India would
be within easy Russian reach.
Oil is Trans biggest asset-and
its curse. It is the country's
main source of foreign exchange,
but 1t has caught Iran in the
middle Of a dangerous game of
power politics.
Easy money in royalties formed
the mainstay of government
finance to such an extent that
there is no incentive to develop a
fair, efficient tax system. The
wealthy pay practically no income
taxes. The middle class and poor
bear the main burden: Hidden
taxes on food, clothing and neces-
sites.
American military and econom-
ic aid to Iran has been a mere
drop in the bucket compared with
what went to Turkey. America
and Britain worked closely to-
gether in the program which
brought Turkeys military poten-
tial to where it is today. The
British told the State Department
several years ago that England
no longer could play the part OF
protector of the Middle East life
line, and urged America to step
in to stop the spread of commu-
Inism. The Truman doctrine. ex.
tending aid to Greece and Turkey
was the result. Since 1947, the
area came more and more under
American influence, with Britain
playing second fiddle.
Three Turk Armies
Today Turkey has closely
knit fighting force. Just how
many men it has is not publicly
known, but it is under 100000
Three years ago Turkey had about
100000 under arms-but today.
army is modernized. streamlined
better trained, better equipped
more efficient. The men weedee
out were sent back into Turkish
economy, where they were needed
Turkey has three armies. Ont
is in Thrace, around Istanbul
The second guards the capital al
Ankara. The third, based at Err
zerum. guards the eastern ap-
proaches on the 250-mile frontier
with Russia.
The Navy has been coming
along at an equal pace. With
new submarines and destroyers
from America. added to a fairly
large but aging fleet, the Turks
developed a force that could raise
havoc with attempted amphibious
landings on the Black Sea coast
or could join with other Mediter-
ranean fleets in submarine pa
trolls. Units already have ma
neuvered with British anc
Americans.
The size of the air force has moi
been announced. United State;
Evening star., 1951-04-08

Eve are making you this offer
now before you become engulfeo
in the third world war, which
can be avoided if you agree te
listen to our appeals, to the ap-
peals of your brethren in East.
ern Germany and to common
sense.
Divided as you are. you will.
inevitably become the battle scene
of the most ferocious war the
world has ever seen. Your West
ern conquerors will not hesitate
10 complete the ruin which they
started in 1914 and continued
after We day by the complete
dismantling of your industrial es-
Establishments. We fought you fair.
ly on the ground as all soldiers
should fight. Your Western con.
querorS were more intent on de-
stroying your country.
Remember that the American.
destroyed open cities such al
Dresden, and ruthlessly attacked
all your cities and countryside
regardless of whether you haC
military establishments or not
Remember that it was America
and not the u. S. S. r. which hae
decided to make your country int.
a pastoral state, without regarc
for the fact that you must live
principally by your industrial
power. Now they are giving vol
enough support to keep body anc
soul together. while, in fact, al
they are interested in is making
cannon fodder of your youth sc
they can spare their own men.
I'VE in the Kremlin appreciate
the valiant qualities of your fight
ing men and quite frankly worry
more about the ability of the
German with the fixed bayonet or
his rifle than the American mill.
tary machines and their atom
bomb"
This is only a sample of the
propaganda which has come into
the hands Of this reporter. But.
Evening star., 1951-04-08

l. Air Secretary Thomas Finletter
a recent visitor to Turkey, said il
| it a good one. More important, he
said the Turks would be given jets
A new airport Is coming to life
near Adana in South Central Tur-
key, on a flat plain just north OF
the Mediterranean. It will be one
of the largest military airports
in the world.
Convinced the Turks would fight
If their frontiers were violated, in
formed persons in Istanbul point
out that conditions are different
from those of the Second Worlc
War. Germany was Turkeys best
customer. The Turkish Army wa.
Prussian- trained. The two coun-
tries had historic unity in centu-
ries-old campaigns against the
Slavs.
Today, hatred for the Russians
is boiling in Turkey. She has en-.
tered the Western camp whole.
heartedly and has received i'm.
portant military and economic aid
Barring a weak man in power al
the critical moment-one whit
might bow to threats of terror
such as Hitler used-Turks seen
ready to defend themselves to ths
last ditch.
If the Russians struck Soutl
from Bulgaria, they might overrul
the level, hard-to-defend area O
Thrace and take Istanbul. Blu
there are mountain barriers pro
tecting both the East and most o
the area South of the Black Sea.
One military leader estimate,
two years ago that Russia woul,
have to commit 2 million troops t.
overrun Turkey, and that
would be a tough job at that.
/ With American help, the Turk
have completed a gravel roa,
; stretching more than 500 mile
from Iskenderun on the Mediter
ranean northeast to Erzerum.
can handle tanks and anything
else. in a hurry. Iskenderum woult
be a major supply port in war
with Izmir (Smyrna) on tn
Aegean, farther north, an auxili
larry.
i The Turks are irritated will
Washington for not backing VI
their demand for membership il
the Atlantic pact. But one wa.
or another, they want Americs
formally to pledge active supper
if Turkey is attacked.
/ Tough Turkish battalions il
Korea proved the Turks can fight
A wounded veteran of Korea
brought home on stretcher, CAV,
eloquent evidence of this.
! His weeping mother sobbed a
the sight of him. But he
mustachioed son grinned ant
pointed to where once was hi
right leg. He said:
"It was worth it. I got seven O.
those bastards before they hi
me-"
/ distributed by the Associated Press.)
Evening star., 1951-04-08

river and never feel the sting OF
it until he has quit the conference
table and begins to hear from
the people back home. Even then
he can hide behind some secret
motive too dangerous to be re-
vealed, or fall back on a mystic
appeal to the bar Of history, that
commodius last refuge Of crystal
gazerS.
Even simpler men, their minds
unclouded by the double talk OF
diplomacy, have been taken some
what by surprise this time, despite
the ever higher handwriting on
the wall. For private as well as
public persons, the story Of Islam
seemed a fantastic enough tale
but one already told. A shaggy
camel driver had forged hand
full of Bedouin tribes into a fanat-
ical force which over several cen
turies pushed the crescent of its
armies nearly to the gates o1
Vienna in the east and of Paris
in the West. Thereafter that
force had suddenly fallen back
chiefly because of rampant in
dividualisrn. BY the end of the
10Th Century Turkey was Islam
and Turkey was the sick nation o1
Europe.
AS if that were not bad enough
Turkey backed the wrong horse
in World War I. Britain, which
had saved Turkey as a pawr
against Russian expansion after
the war, gave the nod to little
Greece to go in with Allied bless.
ing and carve a slice out Of Tur-
key in Asia, the diplomats ther
counting Russia as completely
done for, too.
Right at that moment began the
1slamic revival which has gone or
growing in mysterious strength
until today it is a new, living
force of $50 million people. It Is
twice as large as the Christian
force in the democratic bloc and
is almost twice as large as what
ever the fanatical spirit in Rus
sia may be called, whether it be
regarded as a perverted Chris
tianity or as a revolt of the unfit
Turkey Went Modern
To understand this Islamic re-
vival one must look at its first
manifestation in Turkey somewhat
closely. 1t actually began before
Greece was sent in to give the
coup de grace. 1t started in the
Dardanelles campaign, where the
Turks smashed a stronger Allied
landing force. The interpreta-
ton put on that accomplishment
was typical of the dangers OF
thinking in groove. 1t was as
sumed that a morally and mate
rally superior force had been de-
feated by an inferior one because
the odds are always too heavy
against an amphibious operation.
When it gradually dawned on
the Allies that Turk had been
the real hero. they gave him the
superman credit and thought
that when he passed away Turkey
would collapse. Next, when the
Greeks were slaughtered in their
attack on the Asiatic shore, il
was still said that the explanation
was in Kemal Pasha, and not In
the new spirit Of his troops.
Thereafter Turkey shocked Is.
lam by going modern and abolish.