davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-14
County Reaches Goal

ANNAPOLIS, April IA (P.-
For the first time in four years
the Anne Arundel County Red
Cross has reached it's campaign
goal, Charles B. Nicely, chairman
reported today. The quota was
$24,120.
Evening star., 1951-04-14
Tree Pointing at AnnunduIe

The Ladies' Auxiliary of the
Annandale IVa0 Volunteer Fire
Department will hold a dogwood
tree planting ceremony at 2::3o
lp.m. tomorrow at the firehouse.
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Doris FIeeson:

Secretary Of Defense Marshall
called a press conference on his
return from Korea principally
10 stress all the things he didn't
do.
AS a result of his journey the
American people are not to ex-
pect a fire. any dramatic
changes in military strategy or
commanders, new japanese
peace treaty moves. All these
had been mentioned in specula-
ton about the Secretary's un-
heralded trip to the Far East.
What people can expect is
more efficient military planning
with emphasis on the rotation
plans now going into effect.
The Secretary mentioned 10000
replacements and went into
some detail about the problems
connected with rotating spe-
cialists and officers. He yielded
at no point in his firm insis-
tence that his was housekeep-
ing trip only. He had wanted,
he said, to make it for some
time but waited until the man
power bill was all but law and
his part Of the Macarthur in
quiry completed.
One question he would not
discuss: Why don't we put
enough troops into Korea to
mop up so everybody can go
Evening star., 1951-06-13

commanders could agree that
political questions would be
discussed only by representa-
tives Of all the contending par
ties at a conference to be called
at a specified time and place.
The conference would be COM
posed of representative" coun-
tries on both sides having troops
in Korea and would not nec-
essarily involve the U. N. itself.
This is because the. Security
Council. where the original au-
thorization to U. N. forces to
resist aggression in Korea was
voted year ago, is not the body
to which it is practicable to
return now, because Russia is
back In the council and could
delay a settlement or approval
Of terms by the use of her veto
power.
Fifth. the question of whether
the objectives of the allied
countries in securing a free and
independent Korea have been
obtained would not be decided
by the military commanders but
by the peace conference. Hence
the question of where the armies
happened to be stationed at the
time the armistice is agreed on
would in itself become academic.
1t will be recalled that Trygve
Lie, secretary general of the
U. NJ, said publicly while on a
recent trip to Europe that it was
legal and proper for a cease
fire" to be arranged between the
two opposing military command
ers. There are many reasons why
the cumbersome machinery of
the Good Offices Commission of
the U. N. would not be as eff
fective right now as a cease
fire" arranged by the opposing
military commanders.
1t should be noted that Secre-
tary Marshall knows the top
Communist leaders personally.
since he conferred with them
when he was serving on the
mission to China in 1916 and
l947. It could be that, when
Mr.. Marshall was in the Far
East, he reviewed all the con-
tingencies with Gen. Ridgway
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Cease Fire in Ridgwoy's Hands
Procedure Would Be Military Rother Than Poltco
Although Chinese Reds Are Yet to Ask Armistee
Dovid Lowrence:

II there's cease fire" in
the Korean war, 1t win be ar
ranged through Gen. Matthew
Ridgway.
The idea of handling 1t
through the Good Offices Com
mission of the United Nations
is not practical or expedient
now.
Secretary Of Defense Mar
shall, who has just returned
from conferences with Gen.
Ridgway. has pointedly denied
that he went to the Far East
to arrange for a cease fire" ;"
This is understandable. because
there has been no indication as
yet that the Chinese Commu-
nists wish to talk about an
armistice.
To offer cease fire" now to
the enemy, however, and to
make arrangements for the fu-
ture handling of such a mat
ter are two separate things.
Support for the view that,
when it comes time to arrange
q cease FIRE." it will be ham
died by the theater commander,
Gen. Ridgway, instead of
through the u. N. has come in
the last few days from reliable
sources-United Nations Off
cials.
There are several reasons for
switching the procedure to the
Far East and putting it on a
military rather than a political
basis. Among these are:
First, to arrange for a cease
fire" is itself a military rather
than political matter.
Second, the question of recog-
nizing Red China is by-passed,
for, when there is a direct con-
: tact between military forces,
no question of legal recogni-
tion In a diplomatic sense Is
involved.
Third. since it would be an ar
rangement only for a cease
f1re," there would be no need
to raise as condition Of the
cease fire" the issues of For
mosa and a seat for Red China
In the u. N.
Fourth, the opposing military
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Saves Money By Betting
OnIyonH Horses to Place

his living room. Brand-new
house. One of the best Sec
tions of New Jersey. Children
at expensive private schools.
And here is the way he saved
money.
The New York Times was
thrown on his porch. He heard
it land, went out and picked
1t up, and then came back and
told his wife this:
I'VE can't afford the Times.
1t seems to me, as my wife,
you would try to save q little
money for us. ! don't mind your
buying dresses. and you can
never tell anybody that I was
ever tight with money for you,
but you insist on us having the
Times every morning. Frankly.
I can't afford that sort Of
money"
So the mans wife called up
and Cancelled the subscription to
the Times. The next day it
wasn't there. And the man I'm
talking about went out and
looked for it, didn't find it, came
back and asked his wife where
the Times was.
She told him exactly what
I've told you in the above para
graphs.
Whereupon he put in a phone
call Go cents. called q cab, got
in the cab. went in the cab
three miles. bought a Times, got
back in the cab. came back
three miles, paid the cab driver
81, then gave the cab driver 50
for a tip, and marched proudly
in the house with his Times
under his arm.
BY spending close to $40 he
had saved the price Of the
Times.
distributed BY McNausht Syndicate. Inc.
Evening star., 1951-06-13

and gave him the necessary
background in the event that
the Far East commander should
be in communication at some
future time with the Com
munist leaders with reference to
an armistice.
Gen. Macarthur three times
in the past year endeavored to
arrange for q cease fire" with
the opposing comnander-twice
under the authority of the
Joint Chiefs and the third time
under the discretionary author
ity which he believed was vested
In a theater commander. In
view of the misunderstanding
which arose about this. it is not
likely that Gen. RidgWay would
send any communication what
soever to the enemy commander
without specific instruction from
Washington.
Secretary Marshall's public
statement as to the purpose of
his visit to the Far East-to
discuss rotation Of troops and
related matters-hardly seems
to justify such a long journey.
Usually when an overseas con-
ference is held, 1t is because
matters of such secrecy are in
volved that 1t is considered un-
wise to put them on paper or
trust them to the cables. He
reported in person to President
Truman the moment he landed
in Washington-a rather un-
usual occurrence after such a
long trip. MIR. Marshall may
not at this moment have in
mind any specific date for the
handling of a cease fire" in
the field, but it would be logical
for him to explain the mechan-
les of it to Gen. Ridgway in
preparation for the time when
such a move Is made.
1t Is believed here now that
within the next few weeks, II
peace feelers do come from the
other side, Gen. Ridgway will
be authorized. as was Gen. Mac
Arthur on two occasions before.
to send messages to probe the
enemy's intentions.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Marshall Looks Fresh and Alert
Calmly Confident, Defense Chief Halls Troop Morale;
Singles Out Troops of All Allied Nations for Proise

admirably. Gen. McAuliffe de-
scribed how the various colors
and nationalities were inte-
grated into combat units and
getting along very well. This
part would sound fine over the
Voice Of America.
Although Gen. Marshall's
journey was a hard one-he
flew continuously for AZ hours
on his way over-he looked fresh
and alert. 1t has become fash
ionable In some quarters to as
sumo he is too old, but his
prolonged session on the Mac
Arthur witness stand, followed
by the Tokyo journey, do not
indicate feebleness. It is true
that his crisp cry for "Lovett!"
'Lovett!" has become a byword
at the Pentagon and that the
Deputy Secretary relieves him
of a very great deal of routine.
On the whole the Pentagon
atmosphere is currently opti-
mistic. Gems. Ridgway and Van
Fleet are working out well, the
defense establishment main
tanned a united front to the
Macarthur inquiry, the man
power bill could be more to their
liking, but 1t was not as bad
as they feared for time it
would be. Considering the
magnitude of their problems,
the brass is relatively relaxed.
Evening star., 1951-06-13

home? That, he said, gets into
global strategy.
Going home" is the appeal
OF the strategy demanded by
Gems. Macarthur and Wede-
meyer. They admit the risks,
but offer the hope of a victorious
end. Gen. Marshall has again
made it clear that there will be
no change in the present hold
ing operation which minimizes
the risk of bringing Russia into
the war and leaves some Amer
lean forces available for other
trouble spots.
Maybe Gen. Marshall didn't
even admit it to himself, but
1t would be only natural if he
also wanted to judge morale in
Korea for himself, having rec
commended removal of Gen.
Macarthur.
With calm confidence he pro-
claims the troop morale excel
lent and he was backed by Gen.
McAuliffe of Bastogne fame
who accompanied him. Rota-
ton, the successful trend of the
fighting and the self-assurance
that comes with combat expert
ence are described as contrib
uting to it.
Both generals were careful to
single out troops of other ma
tions for praise. Gen. Marshall
said he had seen nearly all of
them and they were performing
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Thonos I. Stokes
Smoke Screen Over Congress
Provides Effective Cover for Action by Powerful Interests
To Try to Break Down Chief Reliance in Defense

in getting the House to cut pub
lie housing down to a measly
5000 units when the President
asked for $4,000 to meet crying
shortages. especially in defense
areas, and trying also to abolish
rent controls; the beef lobby
seeking by a strike against the
Government to do away with
meat controls; the business or
ganization lobby battering at
price controls; the power lobby
that got the House to whittle
down needed funds for extension
of transmission lines to supply
homes, farms and defense plants.
The test will come for the
President and his party in how
much drive he and his staff put
into pushing Congress, and on
how the currently sluggish lead
ership there responds. The
tendency now in that body is
merely to continue present con-
trolls on a temporary stop-gap-
basis without strengthening
them, as he asked. still ap-
parently hoping for something
to turn up." AS for the tax bill.
it hasn't even gotten to the
floor of the House. where it must
start, and it goes heavy on the
average citizen as compared with
some seemingly privileged in
terests, of which Congress is
chary, such as. for example, oil
which keeps its big q per cent
depletion allowance while the
poor mans beer Is soaked to
make up the difference for our
common defense.
Evening star., 1951-06-13

was to leave, the then Under
secretary Of State, Dean Ache
son. sent a rush call to Gen.
Wedemeyer, and asked him to
come to the State Department
to see him at once. Gen. Wede-
meyer believed it was a matter
Of additional instructions.
Mr.. Acheson was embarrassed
and broke the news to him that
Gen. Marshall, then still in
China, had sent top priority
cable urging the cancellation of
Gen. Wedemeyer's appointment
because of strong objections
voiced by the Communist spokes-
man, Chou En-lai.
Gen. Wedemeyer wanted to
read the telegram, but the in
terview was short because Mr..
Acheson was In a great hurry
to see the President. The gen.
eral did have time. however, to
mention his expense for the use
less "ambassadorial rig" and re-
ceived the assurance that the
State Department would take
care Of that promptly.
Soon it became known that
Chou En-lai had suggested to
Gen. Marshall that DR.. Stuart,
aging president of the Ameri-
can University in Peiping which
Chou had attended before the
war. be considered for the job.
DR.. Stuart was practically un-
known in America. The Far
East division of the State De-
partment knew about his edu-
cational activities in China. Of
ficers on the Chinese desk in
the department pointed out that
with the help Of an able staff,
headed by a good counsellor of
embassy. DR.. Stuart would be
able to do the job. He was i'm
mediately appointed and con-
firmed by the Senate.
DR.. Stuart settled himself, his
Chinese personal secretary and
his American staff In the for
mer German embassy in Nam
king-the best building avail
able in the Chinese capital
which Chang placed at the dis
posal Of the American Govern
ment.
He was a mere figurehead as
ambassador. There were no rep
resentatives of the Communists
left in Nanking when the new
envoy assumed his post. He
marked time and frequently was
as uninformed as Americans
back home about what was 60
ing on between the American
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Thomas L. Stokes:

Senate Democratic Leader
Mcfarland said with some
seeming anxiety that the Mac
Arthur hearings "are holding
up the work of the Senate" as
he left the White House after a
conference between President
Truman and congressional lead
erS.
That was merely an alibi.
Certainly it is not accepted as
a reason for the incessant in
action by any one who has fol-
lowed the course Of events here
Or lack of them. In that
statement, however, he did put
his finger, II unwittingly, upon
the trouble.
It is true that the controversy
In the senatorial inquiry has
thrown up a very convenient
smokescreen behind which
Congress has dilly dallied,
seemingly marking time in the
hope that something will turn
up" so it won't have to do the
hard things necessary to meet
the continuing international
crisis. Maybe peace in Korea.
That, however, cannot conceiv-
ably alter the basic problem,
though Russia, when she decides
to call the war off, undoubtedly
will time it. if possible, for such
a commandment effect while she
gets ready to strike elsewhere.
The smokescreen also has
provided an effective cover for
powerful interests to move in
and try to break down protec-
tions in existing law for the rank
and file of our citizens, the pro-
ductive and fighting reservoirs,
the chief reliance in our defense
wage and price controls, rent
controls. adequate housing, even
wage standards in some cases,
and the like.
What is going on is a sad
commentary on the Democratic
leadership, including both the
White House and Congress. The
Democratic Party is in power
and cannot escape responsible
ity however much IL NAV ay-
cuse itself because of the
divided aspect of the party.
There is lip service, yes,
speeches and pronouncements
from on high. But In the execu-
tive branch there Is q lack Of
stan work. as 1t may be called,
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Henry McLenore:

With the cost OF living what
1t is, a family man has got to
economic.
I'm saving money by only
betting on horses to place. Until
it became necessary for me to
be thrifty I bet them to win.
It's amazing what forms OF
thrift people will turn to.
The richest man I ever knew
in my life decided to save by
wearing old clothes. Three
months ago. this man, who is
65, from Pittsburgh, and can
come very close to buying out
the Melons. dropped by my
house In Florida and talked hard
times.
Talked poor mouth to me. He
told me that he just couldn't
conceivably pay his income tax,
because 1t was too much.
He was renting my house from
me. Paying me during the win
ter season 81 1000 a month. I'm
so poor I'm run out of my house
by this gentleman. The house
I love. He never liked the sun
better than did. but he was
rich enough to make me retreat
from the beach.
He was wearing some suntans.
which he must have stolen from
a 25-year-old boy who fought
in the war. AS long as I'm 60
ing to be completely honest. he
had on a khaki shirt, and on
each shoulder there was a cap
tain's bar.
I said, "Why are you dressed
that way?" and he said, st can't
afford to wear those 5000 suits
have" I asked where were
those 5000 suits, and he said,
They're upstairs in your closet"
That astounded me to death.
I thought that must be the
hard way to save until / met
man who writes a sports COL
umn in New York City. gets
paid real good every week and
here's his idea Of how to save.
He comes close to being my
dearest friend. and we and our
wives were sitting around in
Evening star., 1951-06-13

the necessary and continuous
contact and drive by admins
trative assistants with and on
congressional leaders to ener-
gize and prod them and to map
out campaigns for necessary
legislation. There seems a lack
of spirit to do. And, in Congress,
when the crucial tests come, it
happens too often that the
leadership has failed to rally
its forces. They are just not
around.
There is evidence that the
public is getting on to all this,
now that interest is dwindling In
the once exciting game of Cen
eral Macarthur versus Presi-
dent Truman, or who made the
mistakes five and six years ago
about China. About all that has
been proved so far is that Secre-
tary of State Dean Acheson is
abler than his critics and has
been continually more far-see-
ing.
President Truman finally has
seemed to sense this in the
urgency he now is exhibiting for
prompt action to continue con-
trolls which expire June 80 and
for a tax bill to pay for the de-
fense program and sop up ex-
cess and inf1ationary power. He
has begun to strike out, too.
at special interest lobbies that
have been having a field day
behind the noisy facade of the
Senatorial investigation-real
estate interests that succeeded
Evening star., 1951-06-13
Constantine Brown:

The matter related by Gen.
Wedemeyer last Monday. con-
cerning the cancellation Of his
appointment as Ambassador to
China, is more than a mere
routine incident"
1t shows the anxiety of the
State Department and of Gen.
Marshall. who at the time was
on a special mission to China,
to bring about a coalition be-
tween the Chinese Communists
and the Nationalists, to leave no
stone unturned to placate the
Reds.
It amounted. in fact, to ad-
miniStration surrender to the
wishes Of the Communists. who
did not want a man of Gen.
Wedemeyer's personality repre-
senting the United States in
China. The result was appoint
ment Of DR.. J. Leighton Stuart.
an American scholar. to the post
at the suggestion Of Chou En-
lai, No. 2 Chinese Communist.
The appointment Of Gen.
Wedemeyer had been proposed
to President Truman by James
F. Byrnes. then Secretary of
State. Mr.. Truman approved
it. The former commander in
China was selected not only be-
cause of his intimate knowledge
OF conditions in that country,
but also because he enjoyed the
complete confidence of Chang
Kai-shek and knew the top
Chinese Reds personally and
well.
There seemed to be no con-
ceiyable opposition to this ap-
pointment. The Senate Foreign
Relations Committee had indi-
Gated It's unanimous approval
as soon as Mr.. Truman sent the
nomination for consideration.
Mr.. Byrnes informed Gen.
Wedemeyer that ne would have
to have a complete new civilian
wardrobe-top hat. cutaway,
pearl gray vest with pretty
mother pearl buttons and silk
hat. He suggested to the gen.
eral, who had always bought
ready-made civilian clothes, the
name of a good New York
tailor. The bill amounted to
5000.
Mrs. Wedemeyer gave up her
apartment in Washington and
made reservations on the train
to San Francisco. where she ex-
pected to join her husband for
the flight to Nanking.
Forty-eight hours before she
Evening star., 1951-06-13
A Surrender to Communists
Anxiety of State Department Shown in Cancellation
Of Wedemeyer,s Appointment as Envoy to Chino

Government and both Chinese
factions.
In fairness to the distinguish
ed scholar, catapulted In spite
Of himself into an ambassadorial
post, it must be said that while
he never. complained officially
or attempted to act with the
energy displayed by men like
Maj. Gen. Patrick J. Hurley. his
predecessor, he did frequently
and privately express his disap-
pointment at the role which he
was called on to play in Nam
king.
After all Gen. Marshall's ef-
forts failed Gen. Wedemeyer was
ordered to go to China In 1947
on q special mission to report
on the situation and to suggest
whatever remedy he possibly
could. Before leaving Nanking
Gen. Wedemeyer was urged to
make a public statement for the
press. He prepared it, and at DR..
Stuart's suggestion, the draft
was sent to Washington for ap-
proval.
Gen. Marshall at this time was
Secretary Of State. The draft
was returned to Nanking ap-
proved. But it was such a
changed and watered-down ver-
sion that Gen. Wedemeyer hesi-
tated to release it. He felt that
it did not fully express his views.
DR.. Stuart and his State De-
partment coworkers urged, how
ever, that it be given to the
press and Gen. Wedemeyer
agreed.
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1951-08-03

TOKYO, May 8 TAP The
children of Japan ruled the reoss
today as the nation celebrated its
third 'sChildren's day." national
holiday.
The observance Ia an attempt
by The new Japan 10 honor the
child "as an individual in his own
right" II has aupplantad the for
mef " Boys Festival" the origin
Of which Is Loaf in antiquity. ia.
pan Is trying to eliminate empha-
ais on martial prewwsa. which
used TO be the keynote,
Evening star., 1951-06-18
Dovid Lowrence:
Louis Johnson's Story Is Startling
Presents Picture of Confusion and Friction Betwee
Stote and Defense Departments in Crucial Era

the means of getting them
promptly. Although the Far
East was known as a trouble
area. the Navy did not have
adequate ships out there. Almost
all of its aircraft carriers were
in mothballs, No mobile force
such as the .Marines-which is
ideally suited for such quick
action as was required-hap-
pened to be nearer than 5000
miles away. The airplanes
necessary for the United States
Air Force to support ground
troops were far away. Gen.
Bradley had publicly predicted
in October, 1949, that there
would be no more amphibious
landings and so there were no
preparations for amphibious
operations.
But bad as was the military
unreadiness,s the lack of PLAN
ming for the emergency was
worse. The responsibility rests
upon the Joint Chiefs of Staff
about which, incidentally, Mr..
johnson had good deal to say.
Although he praised their in
dividual abilities, he limited more
than once rather broadly that
the joint chiefs faced constant
pressure from the Department
OF State to change their mill
tary views to suit political pres
sures. He made it plain that he
believed men should give their
military Judgment uninhibited
by political influences such as
were constantly being applied by
the Department of State.
Mr.. johnson thought there
had been some improvement in
this situation recently. But un-
fortunately all the facts are not
available as yet and it is prob
able that the Senate commit
tees inquiry will not be Suf-
ficiently comprehensive to get
those facts. 1t is beginning to
be suspected by some members
of Congress that the Joint
Chiefs bow to the political
winds and are subservient to
the Department of State which
in turn is subservient to the
pressures from foreign govern
mentS.
Most amazing of all the
things Mr.. johnson testified to
was his statement that the De-
partment of Defense-not the
State Department-was agitat-
ing constantly to get U.N. mem
bers to send more troops to
Korea. The record in the hear
ings shows that even Ameri-
can embassies and legations