davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

western states. practically dou-
bled during the last quarter
century. The human population
in the west increased by nearly
thirds during the same Pc
Rod, the most striking increase
occurring during the last 10
years.
This increase in demand for west
ern meat animals within the borders
of the IL western states means that
some of the livestock that was for
merly available for consumption in
the east is now utilized in the local
area, so western stockmen are find
ing it possible to sell a larger part
of their yearly output of meat nearer
their own ranches. Indications are
that the trend will continue.
The predictions are that the popu-
lation in this area will increase an
other Is percent within the next
five or six years. If this happens,
and our per capita meat consump-
ton remains around 146 pounds the
additional yearly demand will re-
quire 100000 cattle, 375,O00 calves,
1000 hogs and 100000 sheep
and lambs.
Expand Feeding Operations
The fact that the needs of the
western slaughterers are growing
more rapidly than the ability of
western stockmen to increase the
production of these animals indi-
Gates that it may be more profit
able to put additional finish on their
animals before shipping them west.
1t would seem that there is ample
opportunity for expanding feeding
operations, particularly in irrigated
valleys during the Changing sos"
The continued prosperity of
Montana's beef cattle industry
can be assured only by concen-
tration of efficiency and qualify
in production. Increased en-
phasis on high production per
unit with increased efficiency
and marketing a reputation"
product will pay big dividends
in the future.
What are the tools available to the
Montana beef cattle producer that
will help him achieve these objec-
tives? Alert ranchers will probably
want to consider adopting some OF
the following practices.
l. Using Indexed Bulls. Bull in
dexing is a method of determining
prospective sire's feed lot perform
ance as calf. Previous research hal
proven that subsequent steer progen.
from a group of bulls that have beer
''indexed" will rank in feed lot per
Torrance in about the same orde
that their sires did. Rate of gain ant
weight at Is months of age are yer,
highly heritable.
At the various experiment sta
tons in Montana for the past severe
years there has been variation be
| tween the steers from the top pei
please Turn to Page l8)
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15
.[E ~
AD-ceNTURY IN n
tMrANA AGRICULTURE
~ VIZ

will be new problems to meet and
overcome. Undoubtedly there will
be new opportunities. Research is
constantly striving to uncover new
methods and practices that should
help improve the competitive posi-
ton of the beef cattle industry of
this state. The beef producers in the
Changing Sos will be faced with
increased competition and must be
alert to any new ideas that will step
UP the efficiency of his cattle enter
prise.
In a prior article in this series.
a. c. Johnson very APPLY pointed
the way TO improving net re-
turns by properly using native
ranges in conjunction with in
troduced grasses and empha-
sized the increasing importance
of well managed irrigated pas
lures. Both of these practices
will receive more attention in
future by the successful beef
producers of the state.
Increased Competition
What about the future of the
American beef cattle industry
Whatever affects the beef cattle pic
ture nationally will be reflected il
Montana. One of the factors affect
ing the beef cattle industry of tn
future will be increased foreign com
petition Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Paraguay, Mexico and Canada ar
all well adapted to beef cattle pro
duction and are producers of grea
SURPRISES.
In Argentina and Uruguay Their
are three and four head of cattle pc
capita, as compared to the Unite
States with " an animal per capit
These countries are making rapi
advances in the control of parasite
and diseases which has been one
their big problems in the past.
Moreover, because of cheap
labor and feed supplies, ranchers
these countries can produce beef
a lower cost than American cattl
men. Therefore, it appears that tt
American cattleman must depend I
l. i ~, y,
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15
Song Of the Lazy Farmer

THIS year. daily brings advertising by
describing seeds ought make better
The caogs make ehng look fit for eating by king why
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

THE COW IS the most essential
of all mans four-footed friends. Re-
move the products of the COW from
human dietary and you have dealt
a blow at civilization itself. Remove
cattle from the ranges of the west
and you have turned back millions
of semi-arid acres into an abandoned
wilderness. 1t is through its cattle
and sheep that Montana markets
its greatest natural resource, grass,
from some 100000 acres of range
land.
The beef cattle industry in Mon
tana in the Changing SOS" will be
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

By FRED S. WILSON
Head, AninaI Industry asd
Range Management Department
Montana State College
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

a far cry from
what it has
been during
the past SO
years. There
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

srngess beans, then plant my fool
about the weeds Oh we'll that it don't pay grow
anyway; making all those plans long stuffs
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

dous yields of beef per acre and
southern agriculturists say the move
ment is only just getting nicely
started.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15

Of smooth bronze, A lbs; Kentucky
bluegrass, lbs; Orchard grass, 6
lbs; Meadow fescue, 4 lbs; Dutch
white clover, 2 lbs; alsike clover, 2
lbs. Seven pounds of barley was
seeded per acre as nurse crop.
Some of the plots were seeded with
notifications of the Huntley mix
ture. For instance, on some of the
plots, crested wheat grass and tall
oat grass replaced the Kentucky
bluegrass. On other plots, Alta fes-
cue replaced meadow fescue, and
Ladino clover replaced half of the
Dutch white clover.
F. A. Branson of the department
of animal industry and range man
agernent, made. a composition study
of the cover on this pasture early
in August, 1851, to determine the pre-
vailing species. He found 31.2 per-
cent Orchard grass; 1872 percent
Dutch white and Ladino clover; IT'S
percent fescue; lilo percent Ken
lucky bluegrass; A percent timothy;
IL percent alsike clover; 0.6 percent
dandelion. The pasture was manured
in the fall of 1949. The growing sea-
son of 1850 was considered to be very
good for pasture development.
It should be remembered that in
calculating the final results only the
cost of the concentrate that was fed
the steers was considered. There are
many other costs an individual
would have to take into considera-
ton in establishing and maintaining
irrigated pasture. It is estimated that
to establish good irrigated pasture
in the Gallatin valley would cost
in the neighborhood of $50 to $35 per
acre. Other factors to be considered
would be the cost of maintenance,
fertilization, interest on investment,
labor, etc.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15

myself to nub and ask if she'll
kindly rub my aching muscles,
she will say: "How come you lay
around all day through winter,
spring and summer too, insisting
that you cannot do lick of work
because you all, and then, come
fall, you never fail to grab your
gun and lose your head a-huntin'
til you're almost dead?"
My gosh, I'd think that anyone
could see that hunting's lots of
fun; there's nothing will pink up
your cheeks and make you feel
first-rate for weeks quite like
forgetting ev'ry care while you
gulp in the crisp fall air and get
clear off where you're alone,
where you can feel the worlds
your own. 1t is an old instinct of
men, which still shows ev'ry now
and then, that makes 'em want to
match their wit with Mother Ma
ture for bit. Besides, man will
always find more fun in things of
any kind which he does of his
own free choice instead Of at his
masters voice.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15

AS shown In table l, the average final
weight was 834.6 pounds. Live grades
(before recent standard revisionsl
showed 8 low choice, 10 high good,
Is good, low good, high medium,
medium, and / low medium steers
at the end of the pasture season. The
steers were marketed at the end of
the pasture season to be put in dry
lot for short finishing period
Although there was considerable
clover in the pasture, there was but
one case of mild bloat during the en-
tire pasture season. This occurred
early in the season and responded to
one treatment of mineral oil
Additional returns were obtained
from the pasture. Approximately "
ton of hay was clipped from the pas
ture in July. Ram lambs numbering
$50 head and averaging around 90
pounds were grazed on this pasture
for three days. After the steers were
removed, SO cows, two years old or
over, and % calves were grazed for
s days to remove the balance of the
feed
The pasture used by these steers
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15

was seeded in May, 194s, by L. A.
Clark, co-operator assigned to the
department of agronomy and soils by
the division of forage crops and dis
eases, United States department of
agriculture. The pasture was origi-
nally seeded with four different mix
lures. The basic mixture of grass
seed used on the plots was the so
called Huntley mixture, consisting
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15
Oct. IS to NoU. I
By oscar 1. MoLDENHAUER

FREQUENT CHANGES, range temperatures
but precipitation weather
northern Wyoming Nov 1t The weather will follow
patterns and
other extreme during spell 18th
extent of these indicated patterns
Of the cold which frequent this
The precipitation though
measurable precipitation number of different
This forecast period will have days of favorable weather for
work out of doors Take advantage the good weather
unfinished harvesting and fall work
Weather Changes
Comparatively warm dry
disturbance
Montana about Wednesday, the 18th It should
na and northern Wyoming about day later for cold wet
dagreebe weather and moderate amount of rain east of
the continental divide
weather briefly about Friday the 19t fol-
lowed by cold northern Montana
the of this
Higher temperatures Tuesday, the 3d.
nection with baometric disturbance expected
oath
possibly likely
cialy the
ovpread northeast
Wyoming Wednesday, 2 prevail through the 25t
Comparatively by Friday
cloudy weather frequently between Oct 18th and Nov h
however and there be occasional light especially west
Montana.
Precipitation: Average About
average
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15
Song Of the Lazy Farmer

MIRANDY CAN'T quite under
stand why 1 don't hardly raise
hand to help around the place at
all. and yet at hunting time each
fall I'll tramp and climb and
grunt and strain until my backs
in awful pain. When I've worked
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15

THERE HAVE BEEN numerous
inquiries by stockmen in recent years
about fattening beef on irrigated pas
lures. How much beef can be ex-
pected per acre? How much grain
will they eat? How many. yearling
steers can run on an acre of good
irrigated pasture? The animal in
dustry and range management de-
partment initiated project to help
find the answers to these questions.
The yearling Hereford steers used
in this study had been wintered on
different levels of calcium and phos-
phorus nutrition. They were followed
on pasture to study their response
after being wintered on different
mineral treatments. This report deals
only with the beef production and
returns per acre while these steers
We're on pasture.
The steers originally came from
eastern Montana and had suffered
from drouthy conditions during their
sucking period They averaged
slightly under 300 pounds when re-
ceived by the Montana agricultural
experiment station in November,
1949, at 6 months of age. Average
daily gains of groups of eight steers
during the winter ranged from 0.40
to 1.41 pounds. Individual body
weights when the steers were turned
on pasture ranged from S31 to $50
pounds and averaged 467 pounds.
Access to Self-Feeders
Before the steers were turned on
pasture, they were consuming 4 to
pounds per head per day of com
centrAte mixture. Throughout the
pasture period, the steers had access
to se1f-feeders of concentrate mix
ture. From June / through Aug. 2,
this mixture consisted of equal parts
of ground barley, cracked corn, and
dried moIasses beet pulp. After Aug
8, the mixture was 2/3 barley and
1I3 beet pulp. Waste around the
grain feeders was negligible. Steers
had access to boxes of salt and of q
high phosphorus mineral supple
ment.
Summarized results are shown ir
table /. The grazing period lasted
from June / to Oct. 5, 126 days
Forty steers were run on 15.5 acre:
which amounted to &c steers pei
acre or 0.39 acres per steer.
The daily gain, beef produced pc
acre, and returns per acre are baseC
on A percent shrink of the fina
weight Oct. S. AS shown in table ]
the average daily gain per steer wa
284 pounds. Beef produced per acr
amounted to gil pounds. For ever,
100 pounds Of gain, 476 pounds of tn
concentrate mixture were consumed
$l63.8l Per Acre
Figuring the gain produced a
,$27.50 per hundred and the cost @
the concentrate mixture at So pc
hundred, the return above the cos
of the concentrates consumed wa
$16381 per acre of pasture. Thi
credits only the beef produced 0
pasture with no consideration {
margin increase in value per hur
dred from June to Oct. 81.
The majority of the steers did nj
reach a slaughter grade at the en-
of the pasture season. This was du
largely to their light weight and thi
condition when turned on pastur
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15
WEATHER SUMMARY

United States Department Of Commerce
Weather Bureau Office, Helena, Montana
Mean Temperature and Total Precipitation
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-10-15
Hon. Much Beef Per Acre from
Irrigated Pasture

40 Settled Steers on IS AcreS
Net $I63.SI Per Acre In Tests
b. ". H BURKITT, F. A. WILSON. j. K. LEWIS
Aninaal Industry and Range Management Department
Montana Stare College
, 1951-03-10

to Adam who set a bad precedent
to begin with.
It was rather disconcerting that
after an honest young Negro ath-
lete had been hailed for turning
up the scandal, other Negroes
were so deeply involvd. It all a
mounts to schooling the Negro
race in taking it's bitters along
with its sweets. If we get the good
, 1951-03-10

amity bowling will help matters
nor will wringing holy hands of
horror. If those in authority will
deal positively with the evil when
it crops up, it can be held on
control.
1t is extreme folly to even i'm
agine that athletics can always be
manned by honest morals. It all
goes back to the old gag do not
leave a hungry man in your pie
shop. These college boys are lean
and hungry and they r bringing
in loads of money for dear old
Alma Mater, and they reason that
the old dear will not be worse if
, 1951-03-10

The wonder is not that the
scandal broke, but that it did not
break sooner. But it would be I'M
fair and unwise and uncharitable
to believe that large numbers of
athletes are involved in game
'fixings". The press of the nation
has been rather lenient in it's treat
ment of the deplorable situation.
This is as it should be. Nor is it
necessary as some teams are doing
to pull out of Madison Square
Garden.
There will always be some
garden" for the gambler and for
the athlete who has an itchy palm.
This writer does not believe cal
, 1951-03-10
SENTENCE SERMONS:
CweE Sick World


/. If "LEMAC' spells the name "CAMEL" backward,
then DOUBLE LIVING" spells HYPOCRISY" forward.
2. Words of the English language, we are taught to
spell according to sound but we are admonished in Gods
Word that Christianity is viewed by mankind just as it is
in us found.
3. The trouble with our sad world today is that there
are too many backward Christians who move forward for
Satan, but slowly make toward Christ, thinking any kind
of actions for Him will amply suffice.
4. But our world is sick, and for treatment it cannot
too long wait, therefore, you and l as Christians, with true
love and mercy must move at a faster gait.
5. Crime, dope and hate are ahead of Christianity in
the race, and only our sincerity and faith in Christ, can
alone these stains of sin efface.
6. Satan has gone about to destroy our youth, and
he is most unruly and uncouth; you and l can only stem
this tide by speaking and living the truth.
Z. Even dope can be relegated to the scrap heap when
Christians stop selling Christ cheap, and throw about their
children, a stronger fortification of better things that,
through practice, they may abundantly reap.
8. The time is indeed at hand, for evil practices seem
almost beyond the natural thinking of man, and only the
combined forces of Gods elect can deal with this situation
with desired effect.
9. Can He count on you for one? -. This is a high
honor if it falls to you = for to fill so vital a place by
heavens High you the secrets of Gods King
dom must thoroughly understand.
10. Your life then must prove a fitting parallel with
Christ's, and your selfish interests and comforts, like His
bleeding body, must be sacrificed. s.
II. Things won't always work as we desire them as
we persistently defend His name; but despite weary
bodies and circumstances we must keep our souls aflame.
IL. It will not always be day, better will darkening
clouds appear ever as night; but wherever the true chill
dren of God chance to go, there will be joy and heavenly
LIGHT.
, 1951-03-10
BETWEEN THE LINES:
The BittersA ndSweets
By DEAN GORDON HANCOCK

The basketball scandal that is breaking across the
nation need not occasion too great a surprise. 1t is pre-
posterous to imagine that fixing is confined to New
York and it's immediate environs. Such evils are seldom
localized for greedy and unprincipled persons are found
everywhere.
, 1951-03-10

publicity we merit, we need not
fear the bad. The bitters and
sweets.
, 1951-03-10

A0n ~AAAO ~AAA 1AA A8AMS9
they cut in here and there and
get theirs. The hammer Of correct
ion should hit hardest on the elk
ers" and not the "fixed".
THE REAL CULPRITS are not
the lean and hungry boys who
happen to be gifted in their re-
spective spheres, but those gamb-
blers who would despoil our gifted
for a dollor. The stength Of
the average man consists not so
much in resisting temptation but
in keeping out of temptations
And Jesus taught us to pray
LEAD us not into temptation"
than "Lead us safely
through temptation. This tempta-
ton business is mighty serious.
The guy who is not tempted can
sit back and moralize; but graph
ing with temptation is still some
thing else.
This is a plea for intercolleg-
iats athletics. The masses of our
college athletes are strictly on the
square, the recent scandals to the
contrary Notwithstanding. And it
is fervently to be hoped that the
sword of justice will pierce to the
dividing of bone and marrow of
the fixers rather than the fixed.
It there had been the fixer on the
sidelines there had been no tran
gressor on the courts.
The player has the right to pur-
sue his athletic way unhindered
and unhampered by gamblers who
are vicious in their greed for a
dollar. The gamblers are old; the
athletes are young. The gamblers
are methodical, the athletes are
unsophisticated. The gamblers are
stepped in their habits; the ath-
letes are forming habits. The gam
blers are strong; the athletes are
weak. The gamblers are sophisti-
Gates; s.. the athletes are initiates
The gamblers are well-fed and
sleek; the athletes are lean and
hungry.
The guilt of these off ending
athletes must not be minimized.
They must be taught now and
here that the violation Of a pub
lie confidence is a serious matter.
But the weight of penalty should
fall hardest on the fixers who
would sell the souls Of youth for
a mess of pottage. On the other
hand, the old centennarian who
attributed his longevity to the
fact that he had never spent too
much of his energies resisting
temptation said something that
needs to be a warning to the
youth Of the land.
HONESTY is STILL the best
and this must be driven
, 1951-03-10

they cut in here and there and
get theirs. The hammer Of correct
ion should hit hardest on the elk
-
ers" and not the "fixed".
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1951-12-13

-. certainly dom, behave like angels most Of u.
time! ,ar them singing ~" 49,, been sweeter
1s ss j: ySH :" 'S '''' BY
night. .,.;,a YOU know-youre vs., has come to
: !: :; {: s 81:
?s: 81 a ss Of Today
u the Child of Bethlehem ..--..- ....-.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1951-01-11
Politik NIT Soldatengrabern

BONN. - Die Suchaktion der
Sowjetzonen-Behorden mach Gra-
bern deutscher Soldaten wird mach
Ansicht des Letters der Abteilung
fir Kriegsgefangenenfragen i'm
Bundesvertriebenen Ministerium,
Hans Merten, hochstens Elm paar
hundert Falle Won bisher ver-
missten Soldaten aufklaren. Es
sci ausgeschlossen, dass hierdurch
das Schicksal Won rund is Mil
lionen deutschen Soldaten geklart
werden konne. Die Gesamtzahl
der an der Oder-Front gefallenen
Deutschen betrage hochstens hum
derttausend. Merten nahm nit
dieser Erklarung zu dem Auffin-
den Won etwa 80 deutschen Sol
datengrabern bel Frankfurt an der
Oder Stellung. Es wird angenom-
men, dass die Sowjetzonen Be-
horden NIT der Bekanntgabe die
ser Fundstatten den VorWurf ent-
kraften wollen, es wurden noch
Hunderttausende Won deutschen
Kriegsgefangenen in der Soviet
union festgehalten.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1951-01-11
Berliner Sendeleiter verhaftet

BERLIN. - Der Letter der
Abteilurg ,.Sendungen aus der
des kommunistischen
Berliner Rundfunks, Gladewitz,
wurde zusammen NIT seinem
Chauffeur und einem Empfangs-
chef des Funkhauses unter dem
Verdacht Won Verschleppungen aus
den Westsektoren verhaftet. Ver-
schiedene BeSucher aus der So
wjetzone. die zum RIAS wollten
und irrtumlich in das in West
berlin galegene Haus des Berliner
Rundfunks gingen, wurden Won
dem Empfangschef zu Gladewltz
gefuhrt, der sich die PerSonallen
der Besucher geben liess und ihre
Anliegen zur Kenntnis nahm.
Mach ihrer Rickkehr in den So
wietsektor wurden sic Verhaftet.
Zwei aus dem Urangebiet ge-
flichtete Eergarbeiter, die chem
falls versehentlich beim Berliner
landeten, LESS Glade
witz in seinem Auto aus dem
britischen Sektor zur politischen
Polizei des Ostsektors brlngen.
Beide wurden seither NIGHT mehr
geSehen,
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1951-01-11

UELZEN. Drei M!tglieder
elmer der beriichtigsten Schlingen-
stellerbanden der Luneburger
Heide, die in den letzten zwei
Jahren NIT bemerkenSwerter Raff1-
nesse unter den Nlldbestanden
gewJtet haben, wurden Won dem
Schoffengericht Uelzen wegen ge-
werbsmassiger Wilddieberei III TX
Jahren, 6 Monaten bzw. S Mo-
naten Gefangnis verurteilt. Dem
42jahrigen, bereits einschlagig
vorbestraften Haupttater Max
Lemgowski aus Holdenstedt i'm
Kreis Uelzen konnte das Gericht
ALIEN den Raub Won 33 Rehen
innerhalb weniger Monate mach
weisen. Die Bande hattie ihre
sorgfaltig vorbereiteten Raubzuge
stets damn durchgefuhrt, wenn
Won den Aufkaufern - Gastwirte
aus der Luneburger Heide und
Mittelsmanner aus den Gross
stadten Niedersachsens genu-
gend Bestellungen fur Wildf1eisch
vorlagen. Sic nahmen dabei auch
gewurgtes Wild aus den Schlingen
anderer Wilderer NIT.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1951-01-11
Besserung mach zehn Tagen

kASSEL. - Der britische Bur-
ma-Kampfer Cyril Wright aus der
kleinen nordenglischen Gemeinde
Stoke Golding, dessen Heilung Won
elmer schweren Enzephalitis nur
Won elmer Kur in der Elena -Klinik
in Observation-Disclosures abhangt,
ist bereits zehn Tage mach Be-
handlungsbeeinn wieder in der
Lage, selbstandig zu gehen. Wright,
dessen Schicksal in den letzten
Wochen die game Welt interes-
sierte, war intolge der schweren
Lahmung vollig hilflos und musste
i'm Rollstuhl gefahren werden. Die
englische Aerzte hatten Inn ais
hoffnungslosen Fall angesehen.
Trotzdem hattie sich in Stoke COL
ding Elm Komitee gebildet, das die
Mittel sammelte, UNI dem Kran-
ken die Kur in Kassel zu ermog-
lichen. Elm Kriegskamerad brach-
te inn i'm Flugzeug mach Deutsch-
land. Wright wird Won dem welt
bekannten Enzephalitisspezialist
DR.. Walter Voeller behandelt.