davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-06-19
Tonic in an Unhealthy Situation
Senate Foreign Policy Hearings VIII Bring Results
Possibly Even Return to Biportisun Approach

The testimony will enable both
Republicans and Democrats to
argue the Macarthur case on
the stump-if it should still be
an issue in 1852. Both sides can
find supporting statements for
a political debate, though un-
doubtedly the Republicans will
benefit far more. This Is be-
cause to this day no satisfactory
reason has been given for the
manner of removing Gen. Mac
Arthur from his post and es-
pecially for dismissing him as
allied commander in Japan.
The administration, as a con-
sequence of the hearings, has
been compelled to take a firm
position in defense of Formosa
and in support of the Chinese
Nationalist government. This Is
also helpful, because it Sharpens
the cleavage between the Com
munists and this country. What
ever hopes the cleft wingers"
here-who from the start have
been the most violent group
against Gen. MacArthur-have
had for achieving recognition of
Red China and her admission to
the United Nations now are
dashed to the ground by the ex-
plicit pledges given against such
a course by Secretaries Marshall
and Acheson.
So far as revealing military
information through the hear
ings, this is one of those
exaggerations which came from
persons who would have
preferred complete suppress
sion of administration mis-
takes. The Russians got no
military data. What they got
was a constant repetition Of the
administrations philosophy Of
fear-and this came primarily
in a radio speech by President
Truman apart from the Senate
hearings.
While the testimony at times
has been tedious, repetitious and
rambling, the hearings have
been on the whole beneficial.
The American people know
more than they ever did about
our policies and lack Of policies
In the Far East.
Reproduction Rights RsservedJ
Evening star., 1951-06-19
P. Election Chances

point this danger appears to
emanate entirely from the
U. s. S. r. But In Russian
eyes. the situation must appear
otherwise.
When, for instance, the dis
tinguished Lt.-Gen. Albert C.
Wedemeyer advocates that
the United States maintain
a ring of air bases around the
Russian heartland, from which
the Soviets' industrial poten-
tial can be hit by airpower, and
recommends that an economic
blockade should Immediately
be instituted against any area
of the world that the Soviets
are trying to control-"I
would deny raw rubber. and I
would deny any oil'-he is
furnishing the Politburo with a
considerable justification for
that very preventive war which
it should be the objective Of all
sane men to discourage, and
advocating an actual act Of
war on our own part. For an
economic blockade is, in inter-
national law. an act of war,
and it cannot effectively be car
ried out without police actions
involving the Use or threat of
force.
No nation with power to pre-
vent it is likely to sit still and
permit itself to be ringed by
hostile air bases which can
constantly threaten its indus
trial centers.
Were Soviet military advisers
openly advocating to the Polit-
buro that the Pittsburgh-D Detroit
industrial heartland be ringed
with bases, from which Ameri-
can industrial potential can be
hit by airpower, no American,
I think, would regard as an act
Of aggression any means taken
to prevent the realization of
that threat, including the pre-
vious seizures of such bases.
And. II the Soviets openly
proposed - and were able - to
institute an economic blockade
against parts Of the Atlantic
world whose very life depends
Evening star., 1951-06-19

skillful handling of the situa-
tion. It was agreed that as soon
as the treaty is signed by the
nations which fought Japan in
the last war, with the exception
of China, the Tokyo government
shall be free to negotiate other
treaties with nations which
were signatories to the United
Nations Declaration Of 1912.
Nationalist China signed that
declaration. Consequently. it is
expected that the japanese
government will avail itself of
that provision and start nego-
tiations for a separate peace
treaty with the Nationalist gov
ernment at Formosa in the near
future. With this controversial
matter out Of the way. normal
friendly relations with a SOW
ereign Japan are expected early
this fall.
Mr.. Dulles task was not
easy. While Foreign Secretary
Morrison appeared to under
stand our problem in the Far
East, the majority of the Brit
ish cabinet clung stubbornly to
its original position in favor of
severe restrictions on the econ
omy, and particularly the ship
building industry, of Japan and
in support of the Peiping gov
ernment as a participant at
the peace conference table.
It was only after Mr.. Dulles
displayed the same kind of
Stubbornness that our British
friends yielded. He expressed to
Mr.. Morrison his disappoint-
ment that the British cabinet
could not meet our position and
left for Paris, >nnouncing that
he would return to the United
States from there.
During his short stay in the
French capital the British ap-
parently changed their minds.
Mr.. Morrison called Mr.. Dulles
on the phone and suggested
that Mr.. Dulles have another
talk with him in London. It was
Evening star., 1951-06-19

confirms their criticisms. Some
Senators say that, If not a word
of additional testimony is given
by either side, the record in
dicates clearly that Secretary OF
State Acheson cannot long re-
main in office after the exposure
of the false State Department
document that was used in
December. 1949, to pave the way
for the expected fall of For
mosa. Likewise. these opponents
of the administrations policy
in the Far East say the record
shows that Republicans were
not consulted on Far Eastern
policies or decisions until after
they we're made.
There should be salutary re-
suits, too, from the revelation
about the small number of
troops which U. N. members
have been furnishing in Korea
and the failure Of U. N. mem
bers to support our troops by
banning trade with the enemy.
The British government GER
tainly has been told more
pointedly than ever before about
the concern of the Congress
over British trade with Red
China. Even in State Depart
ment circles this is privately
described as all to the good.
The disclosure of the weak
ness at the top in the making
of military policy-the absence
of a war plan for Korea when
the outbreak occurred a year
ago and American aid had to
be sent suddenly-cannot but
focus attention on the need for
a reorganization Of the methods
and operations of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff as well as the
National Security Council.
But most important - aside
from the passage by the U. N.
of a resolution favoring the
economic blockade, which was a
direct consequence Of what was
brought out at the Senate hear
ings-the pressure is on now
against all countries which take
financial aid from the United
States with one hand and fail to
use their other hand to support
the basic policies of the United
Nations In resisting aggression.
Evening star., 1951-06-19

on the importation Of raw ma
terials, the United States
would, I am sure. feel itself jus
titled in regarding such actions
as war, and in taking measures
to hold sources Of such essential
raw materials outside the reach
es of the proposed blockade.
We know that in making this
argument we appear as the
devils disciple, but we repeat
that the avoidance of a major
war requires more than formid-
able military strength; it re-
quires the ability to gauge how
far an opponent will allow him
self to be goaded.
From this psychological point
of view, the effect abroad Of
these hearings is to present the
United States, in many minds,
as a menace to peace fully equal
to the U. S. S. R.-thuS lending
support to the chief Soviet prop
aganda, and bolstering the Po-
litburo's hold on the Russian
people; to disaffect large Sec
tions of public opinion among
our allies, for whom the possi-
bility of a general war is not
something academic; and to
make the prospect of q Repub-
lican administration in 1852
tantamount to the coming into
power of a war party In the
United States.
And if the Republicans have,
through the inquisitory tactics
of their most bitter partisans.
increased their election chances
with the American people we
shall be surprised
That the United States and
the West in general have suffered
an epochal defeat In China is
unquestionable. But it has not
been shown even by the testi-
mony Of Gen. Macarthur that
the administrations policy il
responsible for the course OF
Chinese national revolution. OF
that any other policy would have
produced a different result.
Political victories are not wor
on such dubious post-mortems
(Released By the Bell syndieate,Inc.)
Evening star., 1951-06-19

then that the British cabinet
agreed to the present draft.
Mr.. Dulles explained previous
ly to the British foreign minis
ter that outside of our vital in
terests in the Pacific area, We
were all running a serious risk
if the restrictions demanded by
Britain were accepted by the
American Government. We
would run the risk of having the
Russians and Chinese Commu-
nists offer Japan a treaty on
such lenient terms that we
might see Japan in the Red
camp in few years.
He pointed out that the
Tokyo government was in no
position to turn down any kind
of treaty we might wish to
impose" on them. But he had
reason to believe that the Reds.
who are carefully watching our
policies in Japan, would offer
Japan a separate treaty on
very liberal terms. The Jap
anese government then would
not hesitate to accept such q
treaty and Western security In
the Pacific might become
further endangered.
Mr.. Dulles is said to have
pointed out that the Ameri-
can Government could not pos
sibly accept this risk. The
British are fully aware that the
present political storm which
RACES in this country around
the dismissal of Gen. MacAr-
thur has it's roots in dissatis-
faction of the American people
with our policies in the Far
East. The keen political sense
of the British made them real
ize that a treaty such as they
wanted originally would rouse
the American people and might
have very damaging effects on
future American-British rela-
tionS.
These considerations led to
Britain's acceptance Of the lib
eral draft which Mr.. Dulles
brought back from London.
Evening star., 1951-06-19
Sure-Fire Publicity Prediction
Editor Daniels Back in Sunshine of the Truman Smiles
Says President VIII Run Aqoin-It's Already Obvious

the sunshine Of the Truman
smiles, the 12-year limitation on
congressional terms was pre-
sented as the Presidents solu-
ton for the running conflict he
has had with Congress since he
took Office. Members Of Con-
gress took a decidedly dim view
of the proposal which was pub
lished about the time of some
critical controversies between
the two ends Of Pennsylvania
avenue.
Press Secretary Short then
formally announced that "the
President wishes it understood
Mr.. Daniels had no authority to
speak for him" Mr.. Daniels
snapped back that it was too
bad Mr.. Short hadn't time to
read the White House files.
Actually Mr.. Daniels new
flash Is less exclusive than his
old one. Mr.. Truman, largely
as a result of the Macarthur
clash, has been acting more and
more like a candidate. AS usual
the officeholders are beating
the drums for him; in the i'm
mediate Truman circle a very
large number Of them have
little to look forward to except
anonymity If he does retire.
And it is only enlightened self
interest for party officials to tag
along with an incumbent Presi-
dent. Mr.. Daniels, incidentally.
is North Carolina national COM
mitteeman as well as q former
White Ho 4se secretary.
Evening star., 1951-06-19
Lowell MeHett:

A phrase that is being put to
great use these days is "calcu-
lated risk" The Senate hear
ings on the troops-to-Europe is
sue were filled with it and it has
popped up many times a day in
the hearings on Korea, China
and Gen. MacArthur-or should
one say the hearings on Presi-
dent Truman and Secretary
Acheson?
A general is testifying-any
general-and a Senator inter-
poses: But, General. suppose
we should do as you say and
suppose Russia doesn't react the
way you predict" THAT"
replies the general, els the cal
culated risk you have to take"
Which usually satisfies every
body or, at least. leaves the i'm
preston that the witness has
studied the matter thoroughly,
weighed the possibility of error,
and decided that, all in all, it
is better to take the risk than
not to take 1t.
War, Of course, is crowded
with calculated risks. but so
is all Of life. The girl who de-
cides to persuade a certain
young fellow to propose is en-
gagged in a calculated risk, as is
the man deciding to establish a
new business or the boy deciding
to play hockey from school.
Only we've heretofore left the
phrase itself pretty much to the
military men.
It might be interesting just
now to apply it to some Of the
men in politics. There's the
President, for example, standing
pat on Mr.. Acheson, taking the
calculated risk that truth is
mighty and will prevail. It is
beginning to appear ut long last
that his calculation Is sound,
no matter how risky 1t has
seemed to some OF the Presi-
dents well-meaning advisers.
On the other hand, there was
the Presidents acceptance Of
Gen. MacArthur's assurance
that we had nothing to fear
from the Red Chinese. That
could be called a miscalculated
risk. And then there's his habit
Of writing letters that come
boomeranging back. Uncalcu-
lated risks.
On the other side of the fence
there is Mr.. Republican. Hav-
ing built solid reputation over
the years as a good, sound, de-
pendable conservative, one who
had won the respect Of simple
souls like myself, so that We
said. ''If it has to be a conserva-
tive, let it be Senator Taft"
he takes a great risk. It may
have been uncalculated. al
though that would be contrary
to the way his mind is said to
work. We have to hope, in any
case, that it was miscalculated.
For it amounted to risking his
reputation and on the calcula-
tion that Joe Mccarthy carried
the key to the White House.
Senator Taft is still stuck with
Senator Mccarthy. although he
may find a means of disavowing
him before next summer. just
now he has cause to recall the
flippant advice he gave the Wis
consin mudslinger when the
latter started to make good his
wild assertion that there were
81 or "a or 103 known Com
munists in the State Depart
ment:
IF you can't make one case
Evening star., 1951-06-19
Dorothy Thompson:
Dorothy Thonpson:
Partisan Critics Menace Peace
b. Toetics Used in Korean War Probe Could Good Russia
y Into War; Won't Help 6 O. P Election Chances

In the inyestigation-or in
quest-in Washington. the ad-
ministration has emerged IN q
more favorable light than its
bitterly partisan critics. That.
we think, is the chief political
result Of the hearings.
We wish they had never oc-
CURED. and that many things
that have been said had never
been uttered.
The greatest risk to the fu-
ture of mankind Is that the
Soviet Union. or the United
States. will undertake q pre-
ventive war out Of the convic-
ton that a settlement is i'm
possible and q showdown
inevitable.
From the American view
Evening star., 1951-06-19
Doris FIeeson:

President Truman and his
peccant Boswell, Editor Jona-
than Daniels, kissed and made
up yesterday, and Mr.. Daniels
was then privileged to make a
sure-fire publicity prediction
from the Nations best sounding
board, the White House steps.
Mr.. Truman, said Mr.. Daniels
solemnly, will be a candidate for
reelection in 1852.
Mr.. Daniels took a trip to the
White House woodshed last April
for quoting President Truman as
believing that service in both
the Senate and House should be
limited to q total Of IL years to
"cure the evils of seniority and
senility."
Mr.. Daniels candidate, Mr..
Truman, will be SO years old
when Americans go to the polls
again In November. 1852, to
choose a President. He will have
served nearly eight years as
President and 10 as a United
States Senator-a total Of 18
years on the Federal payroll.
Vice President Barley, who
could be excused for wanting to
copy the Boss example. will be
rs in November, 1852. He will
have been Weep four years, a
Representative IA years, a Sena-
tor 81 years. Total: 80 years.
Next in line in the presiden-
tial order of succession is the
Speaker Of the House, MIR. Ray
burn. Speaker Rayburn will be
10 in November. 1852, and will
have served 80 years In the
Evening star., 1951-06-19
Lowell MeNett:
All Risks Are Not Calculated
Sometimes They're UncoIcuoted and Sometimes
Observation-Disclosures Produces All Kinds

been a miscalculation. So, fol-
lowing calculated policy, Senator
Mccarthy is trying another one.
He is trying to convince the
American people that Gen.
George C. Marshall heads q
conspiracy so immense and an
infamy so black as to dwarf any
previous such venture in the
history Of man"
Senator Taft probably would
like to recalculate the risk he
accepted when he took the Wis
consin man under his wing.
Evening star., 1951-06-19
David Lawrence:

Constructive results-possibly
even a return to a bipartisan
approach in foreign policy
may flow from the hearings
which the joint Senate Armed
Services and Foreign Relations
Committees are about to finish.
Although administration sup
porters have endeavored to
make the whole Macarthur epi-
Sode seem just a question of per-
sonalities or hero worship-for
that was the easiest way to play
down or try to obscure the real
iSsues-Senators of both parties
have come to recognize that
something more fundamental
is at stake than the removal of
a military commander from his
post.
One of the curious pieces Of
propaganda technique which
have been used to try to belit-
tie the hearings has been the
repeated comment that the Re-
publicans are lined up on one
side and the Democrats on the
other. Actually, the chief coun-
sci for the administration wit
nesses has been Senator Morse
of Oregon, Republican, while
some of the most penetrating
criticism of the manner in
which Gen. Macarthur was re-
placed has come from Senators
George Of Georgia, Gillette Of
Iowa. Sparkman Of Alabama.
and other Democrats.
The controversy has never
been and is not now a partisan
affair. It will not help toward
the revival of a bipartisan at
titude on foreign policy for ad-
ministration spokesnen to keep
on emphasizing that the matter
is political.
The hearings have been like
q tonic in an otherwise un-
healthy situation. They have
restored the Senate Of the
United States to its rightful
place as a partner In the max
ing Of foreign policy.
Certainly there will be po-
litically partisan repercuSsions.
The Republican campaigners
are satisfied with the testimony
because 1t contains so much that
Evening star., 1951-06-19

stick, try another" or words to
that effect.
Which is what Senator Nc
Carthy did, throwing off &C
cusations faster than they could
be answered and not bothering
to prove any Of them. The plan
worked so well in Maryland that
Senator Mccarthy ana his col
leagues were confident that they
could finish off Secretary
AcheSon.
But this. as said, seems to have
The Nome nugget., 1951-02-14
.Dr. Ryan Resigns
 As Commissioner Of Education

JUNEAU, (HD - Dr. James C. Ryan announced his resignation today as Alaska's Commissioner of Education. He said he had sub mitted his resignation at the Ter ritorial Board of Education's meet ing yesterday.
 Dr. Ryan has held the post 10 years through one of the most diff ficult eras in the Territory's school history when school prob lems mushroomed during the mil itary construction boom period.
 He said there was no personal clash with the board involved.
 "The real reason is that I've been working under such tremen- dous pressure for 10 years, under staffed and with no real relief in sight," Ryan said.
 "There has been no chance to keep in contact with educational leaders in the states," he contin- ued, land no chance for recrea- tion."
 Ryan's resignation is effective at the end of the school year. He said he had no plans for the fu- ture.
 "I'll make them between now and June 30," Ryan said.
 Ryan, 50, has one son in Jun eau school.
The Nome nugget., 1951-02-14
Wednesday. February IA. 1851

United Nations forces hold firm against a new Red onslaught on the central front, rolling back the first waves of an expected major offensive to cut the vital supply line. South Korean marines make a surprise landing at Wonsan, 90 miles nort hof the 38th parallel on Korea's east coast, meeting little opposition. Strong American French garrison is surrounded in Chipyong, but are standing their ground with dug-in artillery, and are taking a heavy toll of the charging Reds.
The Nome nugget., 1951-02-14
Proposes Alaskans Be Given Vote For President

GAP Special Washington Service)
 WASHINGTON, (P)-The peo- pie of Alaska, Hawaii and the District of Columbia would be al- lowed to vote for President under a proposal put before Congress.
 Senator Case R.-S. D0 intro duced bill to give each Territory and the District of Columbia one vote in the electoral college. Alas kans and Hawaiians now vote in Territorial elections but citizens of the District are voteless.
 Cast told the Senate in a speech there is considerable doubt that either Territory will win state hood in the immediate future.
 "It has occurred to me that granting the Territories and the District of Columbia an opportun- ity to vote for President, with representation in the electoral col lege, might command the respect of many members of Congress who oppose statehood"
 Since Cases proposal is to amend the U. s. Constitution, it would require approval by Con- gress, the President and the Legis- latures of three-fourths of the States.
The Nome nugget., 1951-02-14
Kodiak CattIemen Want Protection

JUNEAU (P)-A representative of Kodiak Island cattlemen said Monday he will present the "bear' facts before the. Alaska Game Commission at it's meeting here this week.
 Carl Branstad said he will pre- sent the commission with affida- wits and resolutions from the Ko- diak Stock Growers Association.
 The association claims the famed Kodiak brown bear is running cat tlemen out of business.
 One affidavit states that the brown bears "get all the protec- ton and the cattlemen none"
 Branstad said one rancher lost six cattle and another five last summer when the bears raided their ranches.
 Cattlemen contend that the Ko- diak Island cattle ranges could support two thousands badly needed cattle if the bears were controlled
The Nome nugget., 1951-02-14

JUNEAU, (P) - A week-long meeting of the Alaska Game Com mission and officials and agents of the fish and wildlife ~ervice opened here Monday.
 Both organizations review d the work of the past year and con- sidered possible changes in regu- lations for the coming year.
 The Territorial department of education board also met here to review the school system and to consider the need for additional the Territory.
The Nome nugget., 1951-02-14
NEWS TN BRIEF

MESA, Ariz. (P) - You can't park a plug by plug and get away with it if Mesa police have their way.
 Jeff Earl, 72-year-old Mesa res ident, found that out yesterday.
 He rode his horse, Starlite, into town and hitched it to a fireplug. When he returned from shopping he had a ticket.
 He will appear in police court Saturday to answer charges of parking a vehicle Ca horse) within l5 feet of fire plug.
The Nome nugget., 1951-02-14
Korean Situation
 At A Glance ---
Tuesday. February l3. 1851 CBy The Associated PreSS)

The Allies pull back as much as IS miles under 100,000-man Red assault on the central front. Some American and South Ko n troops fight way out of massive trap. Road hub at Hoengsong lost after hand-to-hand fight. The Reds appear building up to drive a wedge down the main invasion route through the center of the peninsula. Gen. MacArthur visits Han River positions looking into Seoul.
 In Lake Success the U. N. gen. eral assembly meets on Russian charges of U. s. aggression against China. The charges already have been beaten in the political with only the Soviet bloc in favor.
 In Paris, A French official says Big Four deputies are to hold pre- liminary talks in Paris between March 10 and 15 to set the terms, place and date for the proposed meeting of the Big Four Council of Foreign Ministers.