davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-08-16

at the Road Fork Baptist church
Those present were Minnie
Walker, E. Rochester; Mr.. and
Mrs. Henry Franks of Alliance;
Mr.. and Mrs. w. w. Love of
Woodsfield; Mrs. Martha Sloan,
Mrs. Anna Lee, Mrs. Donald
Cutshaw, Bonnie and Shirley
Cutshaw, Mrs. Ada Shockley of
Marietta; Mr.. and Mrs. Bert
Bonar, Mrs. A. j. Bonar, Stat
ford, Mrs. Robert Leeper, Gen
eva Smith of Columbus; Mr.. and
Mrs. Cecil Rogers and son,
Kenny of Salem; Clara Franks,
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Friehauf, Mr..
and Mrs. James Love, sons, Mr..
and Mrs. Glen Helm and Paul,
Frank and Linda of Minerva;
Mr. and Mrs. Wilbert Franks and
children, Lewisville; Mr.. and
Mrs. Merle Coss, Woodsfield;
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Christy and
Sharon Kay of Graysville; Mrs.
Bessie Love, Mr.. and Mrs. Ross
Love, Summerfield; Mr.. and
Mrs. r. A. Knouff, Canton; Mr..
and Mrs. Floyd Ross, Jr., Pat and
Judy, Akron; Mr.. and Mrs. Cles-
son Love, Woodsfield; Mr.. and
Mrs. Clara Ross of Akron; Mr..
and Mis-. Robert Love and
daughters of Canton; Mrs. Myrtle
Troyer, Alliance; Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Franks of LeWisville; Mr..
and Mrs. Charles Franks, ALI
ance; Mr.. and Mrs. Forrest Lind
amood and daughters, of Steu-
benville; Mr.. and Mrs. ]. E.
Walker and sons, Mr.. and Mrs.
d. M. Smith of Quaker City; Mrs.
Grace Pards and daughters, Mrs.
Nora Stephens, of Marietta; Mr..
and Mrs. Wilbert Stephens, Mr..
and Mrs. Roy Stephens and son,
Mrs. Rena Rohrer, Mrs. Harrison
Tidd and daughters, Martha
Ellen of Dexter City, Mrs. Inez
Rohrer and Mary Rohrer, Mr..
and Mrs. Henry Feldner and
family, of Sarahsville, Johnnie
VanFossen, of Sarahsville; Mr..
and Mrs. J. r. Mcconnell, Mr..
and Mrs. Nelson Williams and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Love and family of Mantua; Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Bonar and chill
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-08-16

back visited the Big Zoo at Buff
falo, N. Y. They were weekend
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. ]. E.
Walker. Their daughters who
were visiting at the Walker home
returned to Canton with them.
haywood Love of Harrietts-
vile route underwent major
surgery Saturday at st. Joseph's
hospital, Parkersburg, w. Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. D. Schramm,
son, Daniel, Mrs. c. E. Johan-
ming, Ann Johanning and Erval
Stevens attended the Bowling
contest at Stockport, Thursday.
Mr.. Carlos Miller of Alliance
and Mrs. Miller who was visiting
the past week with her husband
returned home Saturday.
A dance will be held at the
Palace Hall Sunday evening,
August 10 with Rev. FIR. Lattyat
in charge.
Supt. and Mrs. H. M. Ayers
spent the weekend at Washing
ton, D. c., and were dinner
guests Saturday evening of Mr..
and Mrs. Henry Rawlett of Alex
andria, Va.
The Farm Bureau Council No.
II held their annual picnic Tues
day evening on the high school
lawn. Present were Supt. and
Mrs. H. M. Ayers, Mrs. c. E.
Johanning, Mr.. and Mrs. L. d.
Schramm, Mr.. and Mrs. Erval
Stevens, Mr.. and Mrs. Charley
Van Fossen, Mrs. Justine Smith
berger, Mrs. Esther Stille, Miss
Freda Cantwell, Mr.. and Mrs.
Will Unger, Shirley Unger, Ann
Johanning and Carla Lynn Mil
Ter.
Sunday afternoon guests at the
J. r. Walker home were Mr.. and
Mrs. Howard Morrison and fam
lily and Mr.. and Mrs. Archie Van
Fossen and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Stephens
and son returned home Thurs
day after spending the past week
with their brother and sister, Mr..
and Mrs. Herbert Hartley, Falls
Church, Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. D. Schramm,
son, Daniel were Sunday even
ing guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Her
bert Brum, son Keith of Mari
eta.
Supt. and Mrs. H. M. Ayers
entertained Wednesday evening
with a six o'clock chicken dinner
for Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Haw-
kins of Akron, Mr.. Charles Haw-
kins of Cumberland and Mr.. Will
Hawkins of Stafford.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ray Baker, son
frankie returned home Wednes-
day after a vacation spent in
Maryland and Penn, Washington
D. c. and other points of interest.
Mr.. and Mrs. Erval Stevens
were business callers at Cald-
we'll Friday evening.
Susie Miller is spending a
week with her aunt, Mrs. Cecil
Starr of Baileys Mills.
Mrs. Ida Abicht, Miss Beulah
Abicht were Sunday guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Abicht of
Dalzell.
Mrs. Anna Baker attended the
Cantwell reunion at Glendale,
w. Va, Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Wilson
Gary and Mary Ellen were call
ing on Mr.. and Mrs. Shirley
Springer of Caldwell Sunday
evening.
Sunday visitors of Mr.. and
Ms. ]. E. Walker were Mr..
Charley Ayers of Dalton. Mr.. and
| Mrs. Earl Bates and daughter Of
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-08-16

/ dren, of Columbus; Mr.. and Mrs.
Blaine Love and Jimmy of Muir
raysville, w. Va; Mr.. and Mrs.
Ivan Love and Robert of Sum-
merfield; Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph
Love and son of Columbus; Mr..
and Mrs. Theodore Love, Mr.. and
Mrs. Bernard Crum, Mrs. Fena
Love, Hatty Hardesty, Mr.. and
Mrs. Wilbert Hardesty and
Shirley, Letha Rohrer, Mr.. and
Mrs. Archie VanFossen and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Howard
Morrison and family, Mr.. Erwin
Morrison, Mr.. and Mrs. haywood
Love, Roger and Judy, Daniel
Pabst. E. f. Walker, Mr.. and
Mrs. Ray Baker and frankie and
Bryan Lee.
Dinner Guests
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Schoeppner
entertained Tuesday evening
with a 900 o'clock chicken din
ner for Capt. and Mrs. Earl
Schoeppner, daughter, Karen
Louise of Fort Jackson, of S. c.,
Mr.. and Mrs. c. H. Schoeppner,
son, Dale, Mr.. and Mrs. John
Schoeppner and Sandra.
Saturday dinner guests of Mr..
and Mrs. Erval Stevens were Mr..
and Mrs. S. o. Stevens. Sunday
guests were Mr.. and Mrs. Paul
Neuhart, Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer
Stevens and Miss Ada Pool of
Marietta and evening callers
were Supt. and Mrs. H. M.
Ayers.
House Guests
Mrs. Emma Braund, Miss
Shirley and Miss Judy Mutt of
Damascus were weekend guests
of Mrs. c. E. Johanning and at
tended the Ullman reunion, Sun
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. D. Schramm,
son, Daniel, Ann Johanning, Mrs.
Emma Braund. Shirley and Judy
Mutt, Mrs. c. f. Johanning call
ed at the homes of Mr.. and Mrs.
Will Unger, Mrs. Albert Unger,
Mrs. Mae Killer, son, Paul on
Indian Run, Sunday afternoon.
Personals
Mrs. Grace Parks and daugh-
ters and Miss Faye Parks of
Marietta, visited Sunday even
ing at the Glen Wilson home.
Mr.. and Mrs. B. w. Ullman
were weekend guests of Mr.. and
and Mrs. Joe T. Ullman of Lima.
Sunday evening they all accom-
panied Mrs. Richmond Ellis,
mother of Mrs. Joe Ullman to
Fort Wayne, Ind, where she
took plane starting her trip
home to Hawaii. They also at
tended the Gospel Tabernacle
meeting at Fort Wayne.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Schoeppner
and children and Mrs. Rose
Schoeppner visited a few days
with Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer Schoep-
pner and daughters at Cold
Water and visited the Ohio
Caverns at West Liberty.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. D. Schramm
entertained Sunday with a
chicken dinner for Mr.. and Mrs.
c. B. Johanning and family, Mrs.
c. E. Johanning and Daniel
Schramm.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Kelly, Mr..
and Mrs. John Holschu of Stat
ford and Mrs. Ida Hartshorn of
Summerfield, were Sunday
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Wallace
Blake and son of Macarthur.
Mrs. Victor Bonar, daughter,
Brenda, Mrs. Harold Baker,
daughter, Shirley were Saturday
guests of Mrs. Elsie Zimmerman.
DR.. and Mrs. Irwin Black of
Columbus, were weekend guests
of Mr.. c. D. Miller. Other Sun
day dinner guests were Mr.. and
Mrs. Charley VanFossen, Freda
CantWell and Mr.. and Mrs. Car
los Miller and family.
Leslie Springer, Jim Cochran
of Canton, Mr.. Frank and Her
man Springer of Alliance, were
at their cabin on route one over
weekend.
Mr.. and Mrs. Donald Bennett
, and Jim Walker of Canton, re-
turned Saturday from a fishing
trip in Canada and on their way
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-08-16
ATHLETES FOOT GERM
HOW TO KILL 1T.
IN ONE HOUR.

IF NOT PLEASED, your 40c back from
any druggist. tai is specially made
for HIGH CONCENTRATION. Undiluted
alcohol base give great PENETRATING
power. Kills IMBEDDED germs on
contact. NOW at Ralston's Rexali
Store.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
CIVIC AND NATIONAL
 AFFAIRS DISGUISED,
 T0A5TMA5TERS' CLUB

Various phases of civic and na- tional affairs were discussed at Thursday nights meeting of Taku Toastmasters in the Gold Room of the Baranof Hotel. Henry Green, serving as Topicmaster, introduced the subject, What should we do about Inflation?". which developed into an interesting summary ot members opinions. Wayne Richey gave simulated radio address titled, "TV, your personal Station. ? Peter Warner, in his second speech
 before the club, made an impas- stoned plea for repairing the city float and gridiron in his five min ute speech. "The Boatman's Door to Juneau" Marvin Kristan gave timely talk on tax problems and his solution to them in five minute speech One in Six Jack Burford's
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17

talk also simulated radio address. His subject was, Office equipment executives appeal for defense order change"
 In the ten minute speech of the evening, Bill Manthey demonstra- ted an excellent knowledge of Ter ritorial organizational and manage ment problems, speaking on the subject Why not pass House Bill 141?" Gene Vuille was handed the impromptu subject. Do you think the Toastmasters who have com pleted seven speeches should serve as Toastcaster, General Critic, and critics, enabling newer members to make the speeches?"
 The Toastmaster's assignment was ably handled by Jerry McKin- ley, who also presided as Chief Critic, assisted by pr. Ted Ober- man, Bill Ellis, Al Ransome, Wes Overby, Herb Rowland, and Cram marian pr. John Clements.
 Bob White, of Boston. Massa- chusetts, was the guest of MT. Peter Warner
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
EPIC PICTURE IS
 SHOWING SUNDAY
 AT 70TH CENTURY

One of the most unusual pictures in motion picture history will have its initial showing Sunday at the goth Century Theatre when George Pals Technicolor space ship epic, Destination Moon,' opens.
 The picture tells the exciting story of mans first faltering steps out ward into space beyond our world.
 Four men take off in the 150-foot space ship and 46 hours later land hazardously, but successfully, on the surface of the moon.
 Their experiences on the way. their exciting tours about the moon and their final return to earth, offers new thrills to motion picture fans.
 Featured in the cast are John Archer, Tom Powers, Dick Wesson and Erin O'Brien Moore.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
RED CROSS DRIVE CONNNUING HERE;
 QUOTA IS S9S71

The Juneau Chapter of the Am erican Red Cross is making an ei- fort to keep abreast with the na- tions program of intensifyng and increasing it's services to the nation. These services include nelp for the Armed forces, veterans, help in times of disaster, an accelerated blood program, safety education home nursing activities and train- ing, nurses aid training program, many foreign operations and volun- teer services.
 The quota for the Juneau chap ter this year in the fund drive is S9.871. Of this amount 72.2 per cent will be left in the chapter treasury for local work and only 27.8 per cent will be remitted to headquar- ters for National Red Cross work. This means that SIPS will actually be made available for Red Cross activities in the Juneau area and only $2,746 will go in for the Ma tional Red Cross Program.
 In the eighteen months past, the Red Cross has rendered aid to the following number of cases through the Juneau Chapter. Six hundred and eighty-five cases were handled for the period. Of these cases 119 were men in active service for the armed forces; 149 cases were veter- ans and AIT were civilians. The ac tual expenditure for the period was $3,089.17 and of this amount $829 was repayed. This amounts to $45.50 average expended on each case It should be noted that this expenditure is only for the Home Service" item in the budget of the Red Cross Chapter which is only one of the many services rendered by the local chapter.
 Fred McGinnis, campaign chair man, stressing the importance of reaching this quota of $9871 for the current fund campaign, pointed out that "the increased services made necessary by large expansion of the armed forces, procurement of blood plasma for the armed for ces and civil defense, work among our veterans and their dependents make the success of the goal imper- ative."
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
U. S. CAVALRY IN THRILLING MOVIE,
 CAPITOL THEATRE

Romance and adventure on the frontier in the Seventies are stress ed in She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, '' Argosy's new production in color by Technicolor for RKO Radio dis tribution and showing at the Capi- tol Theatre starting Sunday.
 Revolving about the dramatic situation of a lonely cavalry post facing a threatened Indian attack, the picture stars John Wayne, Jo- anne Dru, John Agar, Ben Johnson and Harry Carey, Jr., and was di- rected by John Ford, who. filmed it in collaboration with Merriam c. Cooper, against the spectacular scenery of Monument Valley.
 Wayne has the chief heroic role. Agar and Carey are seen as rivals for the love of Miss Dru, whose final surrender to Agar is marked by her acceptance of a yellow ribbon reminiscent of an old ballad.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
} SPECIALISTS . ON CANCER DUE oe HERE NEXT WEEK

With Drs. John w. Clements and c. c. Carter, of the Juneau Medi- cal Association in charge of ar arrangements locally. three of the
 countrys top-flight cancer special ists are due in Juneau next i Wednesday March 2l, for two day conference with local doctors
 This is according to announce
 ment made today by Mildred R. ! Hermann, Commander of the AL
 aska Division of the American
 Cancer Society, which in collabor- gation with the Territorial Depart
 ment of Health is sponsoring the project. This is the first visit in a series planned by the two health groups, which has as it's objective
 making available to the doctors of Alaska the consultative services of the country's best cancer special ists and the results of the latest study and research from the great University medical centcrs of the country, in regard to mankinds second greatest killer. cancer.
 Doctors who are making the trip to Alaska are Dr. David, State De- pertinent of Surgery of the Minn- esota State Medical College, Dr. Frank B. Queen, Pathologist and Cancer Coordinator of the Univer- sity of Oregon Medical School, and Dr. Brewster s. Miller, Director of Professional Education of the Am erican Cancer Society, whose head quarters are in New York City.
 Their services will be available, Mrs. Hermann pointed out, for lec- lures, demonstrations and consult- ation with local doctors with whom they will discuss the most recent developments in the field of can- cer diagnosis and therapy.
 Similar visits are planned for Ketchikan, Anchorage and Fair banks, where local medical asso- citations are making the necessary arrangements for the full utiliza- tion of the services available from these specialists. In order to per- init doctors from outlying towns to participate in this program, invi- tations have been issued to all doctors in the Territory to attend the clinic at the town nearest to them, and large number already have signified their intention to do so. It is emphasized that all work done by the visiting doctors will be such as is requested by the local medical groups in each town. 2 "The Alaska Division of the Am erican Cancer Society, deeply ap- preciates the cooperation it is re- ceiving in this important work, from local medical groups in the four communities to be visited" Mrs Hermann said, "and also to : the Alaska Department of Health which is collaborating to make this project of notable service to the doctors of Alaska, and through them, to potential cancer victims
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
SEATTLE UNIV IS IN
 FINALS TONIGHT, N(B(

ALBANY, N. Y.. March IT -R- It will be an East Coast vs. West Coast affair tonight in the final of the National Catholic Basketball championships with Seattle Uni yersity tangling with St. Frances of Brooklyn.
 Seattle U. posted a new team scoring record by defeating St. Marv's of Emmitsburg, Md, 102-85, and the Chieftain's Johnny OBrien shattered the individual scoring mark with 45 points. Seattle's 1O2 points beat the rec ord of 95, set by Le Moyne earlier in the tourney.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
MRS. WADE ARRIVES

Mrs. Ken Wade, Fairbanks art ist, has arrived here via PAA to demonstrate textile painting at the Arts and Crafts show at the Elks Hall over the weekend. She is stop ping a. the Baranof Hotel.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
GARDEN CLUB ASKS
 PROTECTION GIVEN
 BEAUTY SPOTS HERE

How to coordinate the use of na- tive shrubs and flowers in the home garden with the preservation oi roadside beauty was considered at the monthly meeting of the Juneau Garden Club Wednesday afternoon. The subject was pointed up by an exchange of correspondence with the Anchorage Garden Club in which it was stated that the wild flowers on the Eklutna meadows are endangered by ruthless pluck ing.
 Two areas around Juneau were pointed out as deserving especial protection as beauty spots for tour ist and hiked enjoyment; the sec tions in front of the glacier where flowers and shrubs are newly talk ing root, and Basin Road where the rocky hillsides left bare by road building are now covered with young growth. A campaign to urge the public to dig their flowers and shrubs at least 50 feet back from the roadside, as is the law in many states, was suggested.
 Mounted Specimens
 Mrs. J. O. Rude, representing the Juneau Botanical Club, presented series of mounted specimens that can be found in the Juneau area, many of which will adapt them selves to garden culture. She urged the use of native planting, both for it's beauty and as not likely to win ter kill, and advised transplantingl the shrubs when very young, before their tap roots have grown too deeply into the rocks. Some garden possibilities are the high bush cran-s berry, spirea, red-twigged dogwood, false azalea, wild current and copper bush. Among the flowers available in the area are the tundra rose, wild heliotrope, lupine, iris, shooting star, wild geranium, po- tentillas and anemones. s.
 Plant Food
 The second part of the program. was a presentation by Bea Shep- ard of the plant food resources in- digenous to Alaska. These have been collected in an attractive pamphlet prepared by the nutrition unit of the Alaska Department of Health. The vitamin c content Of. many of them have been analysed by the Department staff.
 In her timely garden tips for the month Mrs. Harry Stonehouse sug-i gested starting slips now for the Garden Sale later in the spring. bl
 Club Receives Trophy
 Mrs. Ray Renshaw, the president, surprised the members by exhibit ing the newly received trophy, black shield-shaped plaque with the inscription engraved on silvered metal awarded to the Club for it's entry in the Pacific National Ex- hibition at Vancouver, B. c. last September. The Club received first prize in the class of foreign con- tributors and an award of $l5.00 in addition to the trophy.
 Further contributions to the Liv-s ing Memorials fund, in memory of Charles Forward and Mrs. Jose phine Boyd, were reported by Mrs. George Sundborg. This fund is to be used for landscaping the Library grounds.
 Mrs. Frances Paul and Mrs. Maxcine Williams were asked to prepare an entry for the Club in the essay contest conducted by the Washington State Garden Clubs on the conservation of our natural resources.
 Mrs. Harry Stonehouse, the hos tess, assisted by Mrs. Jack Clark, served dessert luncheon before the program. Guests were Mesdames Amy Rude, Gertrude Bumgarner and Jean Rogers.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17
HOMER RESIDENT IS
 SEE ALASKA VISITOR

Don Smith, owner of the Kenai Builders Supply at Homer and secretary of the Homer Chamber of Commerce stopped in Juneau over night on his way to Sitka on bus mess and to attend the Lions con- vention held in that city this week While in Sitka, Smith will attend to business with the Columbia Lum- Der Company mill here in regard to his business in Homer.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1951-03-17

COOKIES FOR THE PARTY
 Order your cookies early for the Easter party or breakfast. Purity Bakery, Phone 31.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

degree of protection they may have
years has been toward lowering of
these barriers and it may continue.
Increased Consumption
On the brighter side of the
national picture from the cattle
mans viewpoint is the fact that
our population has increased
faster than our meat production.
With a population of 150.000.00o
people and increasing st a rate
of 2.500.000 per year. the po-
bright.
Meat consumption per capita in
the U. S. from 1885 to 1899 averaged
1875 pounds. During the last three
years it has been about 146 pounds.
With increased employment and a
rise in the national income some
predict that the per capita meat
consumption will be well over $50
pounds in 1851. Just how long this
situation will continue depends
largely on the national income, full
employment and available meat
supply.
What about the competitive posi-
ton of beef cattle producers of Mon
tana? Will they be faced with in
creased competition in the Chang
ing sos from within the borders of
the United States for their share of
the domestic markets. Some people
look upon the tremendous shift to
grassland agriculture in the south
with its rapidly expanding cattle
numbers as a definite threat Mil
lions of acres of improved pastures
in that area are producing tremen.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

brussels sprouts and squash look
almost edible, by gosh. The pic
lures are SO clear and bright I
look at them for half the night,
then draw a garden plan to show
where ev'ry vegetable should go;
1 check the seeds my wife should
buy so can eat good next July,
and tell her how to make stuff
look Just like it's pictured in the
book.
What thanks do you suppose I
get for gettin' garden plans all
set? I might as well have saved
my toll because Mirandy starts
to boil; she pokes her finger in
my face and screams that I can
just go chase myself around the
barn cause she won't hoe single
beet for me. She says if I like
turnip green's or fancy peas and
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15

dous yields of beef per acre and
southern agriculturists say the move
ment is only just getting nicely
started.
Adapted Breeds
Beef cattle producers in the south
ern states have made great strides
in developing strains of cattle that
are better adapted to their environ
ment, and as consequence are in
creasing their beef production per
animal unit as well as reducing the
cost. Brahma cattle, taken straight or
crossed with English breeds, have
firmly established themselves as the
solution to the heat, pest and grain
feed shortage problems; they seem
to be the best utilizers of the south's
plentiful supply of year-round for
age.
The fact that the Brahma and
Brahma crosses are well adapted to
the environment of the south does
not necessarily indicate that they
would be effective in improving cat
tie in the northern states. In fact
quite the opposite may be true.
However, adaptability of cattle to
their environment is a very impor-
tant factor in efficiency of produc-
ton in any climate and will I'M
doubtedly receive increased atten-
ton the next decade.
New Western Market
One of the bright spots on the
horizon for Montana's livestock
industry is the rapid expansion
of the western markets and the
great increase in the population
of the west. Slaughter of COM
merciaI meat animals in the IL
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-02-15
Montana Beef Cattle Production
In the Changing SOS

Montaras beef cattle industry faces increased
petition from South america and south, but
population gro,vth assures greater demand. Emphasis
be efficiency and quality in production. Use of
bull nde1ing, better management of breeding herds
and improved breeding methods tools that to help
the Montana producer acieUe these basic ObjectiUes.