davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-27
SIMTANUOSIMTINIS LIETUVIS
Jonas Pakrantis A m r k o e

YES specially isakyma, kad De-
troito erdves pramone butu kaip
galint greiciau perorganizuota
j karo gamyba ir kad tue budu
butu galima isvengti didesnio
masto nedarbo ir nors ia pacia
prasme nemazai ir laikrasciai
rase, taciau 81 karta daugeliui
tukstanciu darbininku nedarbo
isvengti nebepasiseke. I ju tar
pa pateko ir Jonas Pakrantis.
10 fabrike darbininkai buvo
pradeti atleidineti prizes keleta
savaiciq, bet Pakrantis Wis dar
dirbo. Ir galimas dalykas, kad
jis ir siandien butu tebedirbes,
jei jo nebutu "isbampine" kiti.
zodelis "bumb" pagal Antano
Lalio zodyna reiskia: "smugis", I,
"guzas', ,,smogti'',. ,,musti" ,
,,dauzyti", ,,baubti'. Tad kitaip
sakant, Pakrantis buvo is darbo
"issmogtas", ''isdauztas" ar ''is-
baubtas", kaip norite =.
Buvo taip. Dirbo Pakrantis
gan sunkiai, dirbo ir tylejo, nors
kai kurie jo bendradarbiai eme
stebetis, kodel jis neatleidzia-
mas, mes kiti, kurie atejo j fab
rika mazdaug tuo paciu laiku
kaip Pakrantis, jau seniai buvo
atleisti. Bet Wis delto pagaliau
viena diena atejo pas j bosas
su kitu senu darbininku ir pa
sake jam, kad jis parodytu dar-
ba seniui. Pasake ir nuejo. Pa
krantis tuojau pajuto kuo cia
kvepia, bet ka gi cia gall da-
ryti? Jis eme kalbeti su naujuo-
ju savo "bendradarbiu". Nau-
jokas pareiske, jog jis dirbes,
bendrovei jau 33 metal. 10 "dar-
ba", t. y. masinas, bendrove is
vezusi j kita miesta, jis nezinas
ir pats kur. Jis buves atleistas.
= Kitaip sakant, tamsta ate
jai names isstumti? - paklause
ne beironijos Pakrantis.
Senis sumurmejo kahn ka ne
ir Pallrantis daugiau
nebekalbejo.
Grizes bosas liepe Pakran-
ciui atiduoti savo darba "seniu-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-27

gio Bielinio, knygnesiu Karaliaus. Bendra-
darbis daugelio laikrasciu Atspausdines sa-
vo atsiminimus is 1866 m. Socialdemokra-
tas. Mokedamas gerai latviu kalba veike
kartu SUI latviais socialdemokratas. Per atos-
togas, vasaros lake, vazinedavo su dvira-
ciu po Lietuva, prisidenges Sermegio vardu,
organizuodamas saptus ratelius. Turejo ke-
leta susiremimu su zandarais Posedziaujant
viename slaptame susirinkime Rygoje su
latviais, buvo policijos apsupti ir arestuoti.
Nuteistas s. d. kalejimu keliems metams ir
po bausmes atlikimo isveztas j sibira. Da-
bar USA).
ViktOras Berzinskis. Is profesijos Salt
kalvis. Senas Rygos gyventojas. Nuolatinis
choro dalyvis. Buves Liet. Darbo Federaci-
jos valdybos narys. Mokedamas gerai kali
beti ir greitai orentuotis, turejo nemaza pa
sisiekima darbininkijoje.
Xiii lietuviai - valdininkai, siokiu ar
tokiu budu prisideje prie lietuvybes palaiky-
mo: Braukila, Vaiteklnas, P. Brazdys, l.
Linartas, Mickevicius ir s1nus, Miezinsks,
Sivickis, Malakauskas, Tamosauskas, Kas-
puts, Ubavicius, Paulauskas, Grigiskis, Bu-
kontas, Kozukauskas ir TT.
Nanny savininkai, restoranu,
krautuviu, kepyklu laikytojai
Nemazai lietuviq turejo savo nuosavus
namus, ypac Rygos priemiesciuose. Vienas
kitas turejo ir centre, keletas desetku lietu-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-27

Fabrike, kur per paskuti-
niuosius dvejis metus dirbo Jo-
mas Pakrantis, prasidejo atleidi-
nejimai is darbo. Kodel? Me-
dziagu stoka ir perejimas j karo
gamyba. Tokios bent buvo Off
cialios priezastys skelbiamos
spaudoje, taciau bendrove, at
leisdama darbininka, jokio pa
aiskinimo neduoda: atleistas ir
baigta.
Pakrantis galvojo, kad per
tuos dvejis metus ramybes ne
buvo niekados. Kai jis pradejo
dirbti, ejo smarki kova tarp
bendroves ir unijos del pensiju.
Darbininkai reikalavo senatves
pensiju, bendrove nenorejo duo
tt. Unija grasino striku ir net
paskelba balsavimus: daugumas
darbininku pasisake uz streika.
Tuomet bendrove nusileido, dar-
bininkai gavo pensijas ir streiko
pavojus praejo.
Taip pabuvo keletas menesiu.
Paskum kilo angliakasiu strei-
kas. Gyventojai ir pramone eme
trukti ANGLES. Vel balsai spau-
dole, kad del kuro stokos fab
rikai turesia daug darbininku
atleisti, kai kurie gal ir visai
uzsidarysia. Angliakasiai susi-
take ir nedarbo pavojus vel
praslinko.
Paskum kilo gelezinkeliu strei-
kas ir atleidimu pavojus vel
pasvyro ties darbininku galvo-
mis-, nes fabrikai nebegalejo at
sigabenti pakankamai reikalingu
medziagu bel kuro. Taciau pre-
zidentas Trumanas pasiskubino
gelezinkelius paimti savo zinia
ir nedarbo pavojus vel praejo.
Paskum vyriausybe eme kon-
troliuoti medziagas ir skirt jas
karo reikalams. Vel kalbos ir
rasymai, kad darbininkai turesia
butt atleisti. kol pramone persi-
organizuosianti j karo gamyba.
1r nors prezidentas Trumanas,
lankydamasis Detroite $50 metu
nuo miesto isteigimo sukaktu-
viu proga, pareiske, jog jis da-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-27
Suddenly draugija willis"
Zymesni asmenys

Prize studentu draugijos willis" pri-
gulejo mano laiku apie Is asmenq.
Studentu pavardes: P. Pundzevicius
(Petliukas) F. Vizbaras, K. Vasiliauskas,
Untulis Br. Propulianis, Br. Vanagas, Ad.
Treciokas, Milevicius, simolilnas, Skardins-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-27

kiau, valdziai leidus, vakareliai buvo ruo-
siami su vaidinimais, sokiais, chorais. Vaidi-
nimams artistu netruko.
"zaisle'' vaidino: L. Jakavicius, Mace
vicius, Vaitekunas, Dovydaviciute, Kublins-
katie ir KIT. o kitty parengimuose vaidindavo:
Savickas, Zagoreckas, I. Linartas, Linartie-
ne, Malakauskas, Pundzevicius, Skardinskas
ir KIT. Vaidintojai nuolat mainesi :. "zais-
lo'' draugija projektavo statyti savo mama,
penkiu aukstu, SUI didelemis salemis vaidi-
nin1ams, bibliotekai, skaityklai ir istaigoms
Garsino IF agitavo "Rygos Naujienose',
daug kas is to sumanymo juokesi ir zilrejo
kaip nerimta darba.
Veike lietuviu - latviq bankas. Suma-
nytojai tos statybos, turejo vilties gauti is
to banko kredita, mes banko valdyboje sedejo
saw zmones. zaisliecius vilioje latviu pavyz-
dziai, mes ju bendroves - biedribos tokiu
budu statese didziausius namus.
Labai gausingi ir megiami buvo lietuviu
choral. Chorvedziais buvo: Vysockis, Kaca-
nauskas (Algio tevas).
Evening star., 1951-07-08

Marvellous for into the Fall Season luxury quality fomos-ome
Duppion silk honune and silk printed many hand
ened Complete color range shontungs selection Of
beautiful prints all very, very specially reduced
Third
Evening star., 1951-07-08

Only because Lonsbue ewd buyer placed his ogo
With woolen
~ooens sensational special od It's
for Fall especially booscho
With this buy
Evening star., 1951-09-02

Railroads chief of freight trans
portation, Gen. Mcintyre has fewer
than 100 people all over the coun-
try helping him. Their payroll is
about $48,500 a month.
The actual work of running the
railroads is done, as before, by the
roads themselves. They collect the
fares and pay the bills, paying the
Government nothing under tit-for-
tat agreement that the roads viii
not later claim damages resulting
from Government operation. The
unions, as before, muster and rep
resent their men, and have the
Army'S promise of freedom in COL
lective bargaining in exchange for
labor's undertaking not to strike
while the Army is in charge. All the
Army does, in short, is keep the cats
and dogs from fighting.
When the big brotherhoods-co
ductors. trainmen, firemen and engi-
neers-made their pay demands last
year, they pointed out that they had
not received a raise since 1948. When
they did not get what they asked for.
they went out. after having exhausted
Government mediation machinery.
Since then, the trainmen have set
tied with the railroads on a basis of
1872 cents an hour for roadmen and
33 cents for yardmen, but the other
unions have not yet closed a new
agreement. Under a Stopgap arrange
ment ordered by the Army after the
Evening star., 1951-09-02
French Bread Madness
A Little Purple Fungus on Grain Has Beset Europe
Through 1000 Years Of PestiIence and Death

calamity produced a boon, because
the great ones OF the provinces saw in
the plague the anger of God and
made among themselves a solemn
pact to give their subjects justice"
That was-from the standpoint Of
the people who had the disease
getting justice the hard way.
In every plague there seemed to
be some of the madness that charac-
terized the Pont int-Esprit OUT
break. And old accounts of the epi-
denies tell of visions of fire and pur-
suing serpents which drove men mad.
Snakes and Fire
So it was last week in Pont Saint
Esprit, when Nine. Rieu cast herself
from her bedroom window, escaping
the pursuing snakes by falling
screaming to her death on the cob
bleStones. And so it was when her
husband, consumed-in his imagi-
nation-by the fires of hell, went out
the window a short time later.
The assassins were after her. in
according to French newspaper re-
port-would have been killed but for
the fact that "most happily, vine
broke her fall"
How much of such an outbreak
of madness is genuine physical dis
ease and how much is psychological,
medical men frankly do not know.
Many medical historians take the
attitude that some Of the plaques Of
the middle ages were due as much
to the ignorance of the people as to
the germ or poison itself An ex-
ample given in medical tones is the
so-called dancing mania" of the
Middle Ages.
st. Vitus Dance
This outbreak, now ascribed to
chorea, took whole sections of West
ern Europe by storm. 1t became
known as st. Vitus dance from the
procession OF dancing patients in
the Strasbourg epidemic of 1418.
These sufferers fell into line and
jigged of to st. Vitus' Chapel for
treatment. But doctors still wonder
how many of them really were VIC
Tins of chorea and how many just
went along, so to speak, for the
dance.
1t was the same way, in medieval
times, with other ailments-includ-
ing ergotism. People then lived as
close to dragons, devils and hell-fire
as we live today to the Iron Curtain
and the atomic bomb. And when one
genuine ergotism patient died.
screaming of devils and snakes trying
to get him, it was an easy thing for
a neighbor to take up the cry. Many
people. themselves not physically ill,
apparently died that way-hypnotic
victims of their own hysteria who
literally scared themselves to death.
There is no evidence that hysterla
caused or extended the outbreak in
Pont Saint Esprit. But it does seem
strange that modern day Frenchmen,
who have so many new-fangled
things to worry about. should be
taken down with the same old hal
lucinations that killed their forbears
in the Middle Ages.
Evening star., 1951-09-02
The Role of Thomas Jefferson in Planning the Federal City

Fourteenth and G streets, and now
is occupied by handsome bank
building. The old stable building,
which was erected in 1900, was
turned over to the District authori-
ties in 1921 by direction of and dur
ing the administration of President
Monroe. This is where Strong John
Thomson taught school for so many
years.
Jefferson Relics
There are many reminders of JET
ferson in Washington today. Most
important of all, of course, is that
great charter of liberty on exhibition
in the Library of Congress-the
Declaration of independence. Then
there is in the National Museum a
chair which he designed with
wide arm for writing purposes,
largely resembling a lunchroom
chair, and used by him at Month
cello. The little writing desk upon
which he drafted the Declaration of
independence is also exhibited in the
Museum. There is, too, the new
white memorial on the Tidal Basin.
His little desk has a history.
Way back in 1925, one year before he
died, Mr.. Jefferson gave it to Joseph
Coolidge of Boston, no doubt in
some way related to President
Coolidge. Mr.. Coolidge had married
JefferSon's granddaughter. who pre-
sented it to the Government in
1880.
Evening star., 1951-09-02

planted four rows of trees, similar in
effect then to the Paris boulevardS.
The center, or principal road, was
lined on either side with rows of
Lombardy poplars. the outlying road
ways also being lined on the outer
side with rows of similar trees, and
then the footways extending to the
building line.
Not only was Jefferson interested
in improving the city's roadways, en-
couraging a better class of architec-
ture and beautifying the landscape of
the Capital, but he was also interested
in educating the poor youth of the
District as we'll. For this purpose he
was one of the large contributors to
a fund in 1905 which included 191
subscribers and from which was OBJ
tanned $3,782, and in the same year
he was elected president of the
School Board, which he gracefully ac-
cepted, although he did not find time
to attend it's meetings. His educa-
tional activities also extended to his
own State of Virginia where as early
as 1779 he framed school law. which
was not adopted for II years, and
even then was not put into effective
operation.
Though Jefferson manifestly was
interested in educational matters,
he had nothing to do with trans
ferring to the District authorities
the so-called Jefferson" stable
building which for so many years
stood on the southeast corner of
Evening star., 1951-09-02
Eight Casey Jonese in Uniform Keep the Railroads Running

Frisco and Northern Pacific Railroads.
The average man. observing a
change from industrial war to indus
trial peace coming about when eight
men change clothes. may wonder
what kind of magic spell has been
cast. Actually. it isn't magic at all:
it's the cold realization Of manage
ment, labor, public and Government
that in an industrial economy such
MS ours, wheels must roll.
To help keep the wheels rolling,
the regional chiefs nave been given
a few valuable tools:
/. The right to overrule, Substi-
tute or reverse the actions Of the
civilian managers of the various rail-
roads.
2. The club of loss of seniority
rights to hold over the heads of
labor in event workers should choose
to strike against the Government.
8. Access to the courts if railroads
go against the orders of their mill
tary overseers.
With the specter of British nation
alization Of railroads still fresh in
the memory of the world, many per-
sons consider the Governments ac-
tion here to be something similar.
Actually it is quite different, both in
purpose and in practice.
Not Naturalization
Naturalization occurs when own
ership passes permanently from pri-
vate concerns to the Government.
In the United States, there has been
no change of ownership, and no
more permanence involved III this
arrangement than the duration of
the labor dispute dictates. Nor is
the United States Government max
ing a penny out of the operation
Or, for that matter. losing anything
other than military salaries. Uncle
Sam has kept his hand strictly out
Of the till. except for the taxes he
would levy in any circumstances.
The mass sickness" of workers
last February stands out as the only
major ripple in The calm pool of
labor relations since the Government
took over. This more or less wildcat
strike crippled some large transpor-
tation centers, including Washing
ton. It was settled when Assistant
Army Secretary Karl Bendetsen
threatened "sick" workers with loss
of seniority.
The Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen was found guilty in the
Northern Illinois Federal court at
Chicago and was fined $4,000 for
it's part in the layoffs. In District
court here, the brotherhood was
fined $4,000 after pleading guilty.
A third case, in Cleveland. where a
guilty plea was entered, has not yet
been settled.
A possible end to the year-long
dispute was seen recently when con-
ductors. enginemen and engineers Of
fered to .arbitrate differences. A
three-man committee representing
carriers asked for an agenda: What
do we talk about?" And there the
matter rests today.
Col Norris, meanwhile, puts on
his uniform each day and goes to
work in the Southern Railway Build
ing here. On the first of each month
he opens brown envelope and a
green Government check falls out
a check for about $732. That's just
a traction of what he gets as presi-
dent of one of the 29 railroads
he bosses as colonel in the Army.
Evening star., 1951-09-02
Swift Army Expansion Is Cheering Development

growth for an army which. only
little over year ago, had not
single full-strength division to its
name and only 10 divisional skel-
etons"-four in Japan, one in Ger
many and five in the continental
United States.
Hardly less encouraging is the re-
markable advance which the Ma
tional Guard has made in readiness
for active service. National Guard
training schedules have been vir-
tually doubled. vigorous recruiting
drives are building up the strength
Of units. The National Guard field
units not yet Federalized include 10
infantry divisions, 2 armored di-
visions and 19 regimental combat
teams.
Non-Divisionol Support
In addition. for every division in
the field there is a vast number of
non-divisional supporting units
armor. artillery, engineers, Signal
Corps-as well as the service troops
without which the divisions can
neither move, eat nor fight.
Much. of course, remains to be
done. The recent maneuvers in
North Carolina have shown up a
number of shortcomings. Others
have been hammered out in sterner
school-Korea. A most important
element in the progress that has been
made is the ''leaven" of returning
combat-hardened officers and men
from the Korean front, whose influ-
ence is being felt throughout the
Army.
If the gentlemen in the Kremlin
are capable of objective thinking,
they can assess this fact as not the
least unpleasant result OF the ghastly
error they made when they launched
their North Korean puppets across
the 38th Parallel in June Of last
year.
tCopyright 1851, General Festkes corp)
Evening star., 1951-09-02

helping along the cause by their
presence.
One can hardly visualize what
Pennsylvania avenue looked like when
jefferson took Office. Four months
before, when President Adams had
delivered in person his message to
Congress, it was deemed proper that
the whole House would be in personal
attedance at the White House to de-
liver its answer. AS it would be
impossible to go there on foot, enough
hacking coaches were secured from
Baltimore to convey the necessary
delegation there. 1t was a muddy
ride, and several detours had to be
made to miss the swampS then cover
ing a stretch of the Avenue.
Corrective Action
AS soon as Jefferson took his seat
he put in force immediate steps to
eliminate this condition. He was in
terested in all building projects. both
of national and private character,
and his judgment was considered Of
much value, and was freely sought.
For expediency he was the Alex
ander r. Shepherd type, and in 1903
did not refrain from using nearly
one-fourth of the entire available ap-
preparation for that year at his dis
posal in improving Pennsylvania av-
enue.
This great highway-destined to
be, of course-was divided by him
into three sections, along which were
Evening star., 1951-09-02

Japan the 10th Corps has the 40th
and 45th Infantry Divisions lex
National Guard). There is an ret
for the defense of Okinawa.
The principal field command in
Europe is the 7th Army Nieut. Gen.
Manton S. Eddy, which has under
It's command the 1St and 4th In
fantry Divisions, the I'd Armored Di-
vision and three armored cavalry
regiments. The 7th Corps (28th and
43d Infantry Divisions, eX-National
Guard is under orders to join the
7th Army Presumably another
corps headquarters will be sent from
the United States to complete the Or
ganization of this army. Three ret
respectively, in Berlin, Austria and
Trieste) are not under 7th Army
control at present.
Too Many Headquarters
In the United States there are the
3lst and 47th Infantry Divisions and
two RCTs (all ex-National GuardD,
the 1st Armored Division and the
18th and 82d Airborne Divisions, plus
two Regular Army RCTS Zone Of
them airborne) and the Sd Armored
Cavalry Regiment. There are also
four Corps Headquarters ed, 9Th and
18th. plus the 18th Airborne Corps.
Even with one of these being sent to
Germany, there are still too many
Corps Headquarters for the existing
number of divisions, which lends
color 10 reports that additional di-
visions possibly National Guard) are
to be activated in the near future.
In addition, there is one Marine di-
vision (the 2d) in the United States,
and probably the equivalent of an
other. No field army command
exists in the United States at pres
ent, though one may be created later.
There are outlying elements of Army
field troops in Panama. Puerto Rico
and Iceland.
,.On the whole this is q remarkable
Evening star., 1951-09-02

The little town of Pont Saint
Esprit was in turmoil. Never in
a thousand years had such a thing
happened. From the church on the
hill to the wharves by the placid
Rhone. every one was talking about
the madness and wondering who
would be next.
In the town. people were dying.
People who yesterday were happy
as only Frenchmen can be when
successful harvest is in prospect
today were dead on the hard cobble-
stones below their bedroom windows.
Last week, the town of Pont Saint
Esprit-"the Bridge of the Holy
Ghost" nothing more serious
to worry about than the next cab
met crisis This week, nearly 200
of the towns 5000 residents were
strangely, insanely i'll. And four
were dead. three of them by their
own hands.
. There must have been some old
wives in Pont Saint-Esprit who
blamed it on demons; you'll find
people like that in any country town.
But after the police got there, most
of the inhabitants blamed it on the
baker, who was believed to have OBJ
tained-unwittingly - some contain
mated flour from a mill at Limoges.
Old Plaques Recalled
AS the police pushed their in
vestigation, it was recalled that
there had been similar outbreaks
plaques" they called them-in the
Middle Ages. One 18th century his
torian, Mezeray, recorded an out
break of "St. Anthony's fire" as early
as 857. And similar epidemics were
known in France until the 1800s.
When historians with a medical
turn of mind delve into the old books.
they have to fight their way through
careless reporting and muddy logic
to get anywhere near the truth. That
is why nobody can be sure. But many
think a little purple fungus is the
cause, not only of the medieval st.
Anthony's fire. but of the modern
bread madness" of Pont Saint
Esprit as well.
This fungus. known as ergot, at
tacks cereal grains and secretes a
poison. When cattle eat ergot, they
frequently lose their calves. When
mothers-to-be eat bread made of in
fected grain, they often suffer mis-
carriages. Any one who eats such
food is subject to terrible pains
headaches, cramps, and mental de-
preston. In extreme cases paralysis
may set in, or deluSionS may cause
sufferers to destroy themselves.
st Anthony's Fire
Medical historians believe that the
great European plaques of 944, 957
1899, 1889, 1896 and 1929 were due
primarily to ergotism, as the disease
is known. 1t was in the 944 plague,
apparently, that the disease. became
known as st. Anthony's fire. Before
that it was known as "the sacred
fire." When the church made An
thony patron saint of the fire-Suffer-
ers, their ailment took his name.
This 944 outbreak, according to an
ancient book, carried off more than
10000 people in few days. But the