davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-05-31
The Formoso Story:
Lush Isle Seen Key
To Final Custer Of
Communists in Asia
By Frank n. King and
Spencer Moose

TAJPEH. Formosa, May 3l.-
Formosa-is it just catchbasin
for American millions. or does 1t
hold a key to the defeat Of COM
in Asia?
Here on this beautiful island
of oud-topped mountains and
lush productive valleys waits a
fighting army Of hundreds Of
thousands of men under Gen.
eralissimo Chang Kai-shek, They
give the impression they are de-
termined one day to return across
the China Sea to their mainland
home to give battle to the Com
muniSts.
Whatever the answer to the
riddle Of Formosa. the lean Gen.
eralisSimo has refused to be writ
ten of in the war against world
communism. In December. 1949
when Chang fed to Formosa for
his life. the future Of Nationalist
China seemed hopeless. But to-
day few will dispute the possible
ity of a Nationalist comeback.
What brought about this change
in the fortunes Of Chang? A Ma
Evening star., 1951-05-31

tionalist official put it this way:
Don't quote me, but Stain and
Mao TIE -tung (the Chinese Com
munist leader have been our best
allies"
The Korean war, President Tru-
mans assignment Of the United
States 7th Fleet to neutralize
Formosa, the Chinese Red inter-
vention In Korea, and other inter-
national events have led to the
upturn In Nationalist prospects.
Chiang's Formosan stronghold
now seems ON firmer footing than
lit ever has been.
The United States financed
Economic Cooperation Admins
tration is spending $50 6.000,0 900 in
Formosa In the current flscal
year. More is to go into military
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Dennis Cardinal Dougherty, IS.
Dies After Celebrating Mass
Service Marked
6lst Yeor Of His
Ordination
BY the As.oeio,ed Press

PHILADELPHIA. May ST.
Dennis Cardinal Dougherty, 85-
year-old prince Of the Roman
Catholic Church died today at
9:15 am. (EST) at his residence.
Death, apparently the result of
a stroke, came to the cardinal only
a brief time after he had cele-
brated mass marking the 61st an
niversary of his ordination to the
priesthood.
He was the dean Of the church
in the United States and had
served as archbishop Of Phila-
delphia since 1918.
The short rotund cardinal,
despite his advanced age, con-
tinued to carry out the duties Of
his high ofiice to the moment Of
his death.
After celebrating mass as
(See DoUGHERTY, Page A-20)
Evening star., 1951-05-31
MocArthur's S Goods,
4o Tons of Them,
Catch Up With Him
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK. May 31.-Gen.
MacArthur's worldly goods caught
UP with him today-49 tons of
them, including three private auto
mobiles.
Also aboard the naval transport
c. c. Ballou, which docked at the
Brooklyn Army Base, were 43
pieces Of baggage belonging to the
MacArthurs.
The Ballou, arriving from
Tokyo, also carried the private
tutor of Gen. MacArthur's son
Arthur. English-born Mrs. Phyllis
Gibbons. four members of Gen
MacArthur's Tokyo honor guard
and four dogs belonging to Gen
Macarthur and his staff.
Mrs. Gibbons was met at the
pier by Mrs. Macarthur and Is.
year-old Arthur.
The four honor guard soldier,
were: Sergt. Paul Dorsey Of Dallas
Tex, the generals baker for foul
years; Sergt. Anthony H. Rickert
Albany, N. Y; Warrant Officer
George Yont, Fresno. Calf, ant
Warrant Oficer Lionel e. Martin
a New Jersey resident.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
u. 5. Casualties in Korea
Rise 10 Total Of 67,427

American casualties in the
Korean war have reached 81, ,427
based on notification of next of
kin, through last Friday, the De-
fense Department announced
today. This was GIL above the
total a week earlier.
Deaths now total IL 1,4l3, includ-
ing 9,487 Army men. lis in the
Navy, 1886 in the Marine Corps
and ITS in the Air Force. The
total killed in action is 1927.
The wounded totalled $3.50 OF
which 37,040 were Army, SAG
Navy, 8,269 Marine Corps and "a
Air Force.
OF 11,411 reported missing in
action, 10,635 were in the Army,
80 In the Navy, 271 in the Marine
Corps. and 404 In the Air Force.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Mediterranean Command
Urged for U. 5. by Sherman
BY the Associated Press

Admiral Forrest Sherman said
today he regards it quite impor-
tant" that an American head the
Atlantic pact naval command in
the Mediterranean.
British officials have contended
that a Briton should head the
combined naval forces operating
in the area to protect Gen. Eisen-
hower's right flank in Europe.
Admiral Sherman, Chief of
Naval Operations. came out for
an American commander in re-
sponse to questions at the Senate
inquiry into the ousting of Gen.
Macarthur.
Senator SaltonStall, Republican,
of Massachusetts, asked if it isn't
very important" that a United
States admiral command the
combined fleet.
"YeS, sir" Admiral Sherman
replied, 'I think it is quite impor-
tant, because the forces in that
area would be predominantly
American"
Evening star., 1951-05-31
.Iranian Oil Seizure
Is Already Effective,
Officials Tell British
Teheron Observers See
Little Hope of Solving
Naturalization Dispute
BY the Associated Press

TEHERAN. Iran. May 81
Trans critical oil dispute snarled
itself into a still tighter knot to-
day as the government told Brit
ain it plans to go ahead with ma
tionalization of its giant British
controlled oil industry at once. It
gave the Anglo -Iranian Oil Co.
five days to make any sugges-
tionS.
A memorandum to the giant
British-controlled oil company
last night left little hope of any
solution to the problem, in the
opinion of British observers here.
The memorandum was handed
the oil company's local representa-
tive, N. r. Seddon, by Finance
Minister. Mohammed Ali Varasteh
at the first meeting of a company
official and a government min
lister since Iran passed the ma
tionaliZation law a month ago.
Three Man Board to Take Over.
The note, outlining regulations
for execution" of the nationaliza-
ton law said a three-man govern
ment board was going to Khuzi-
stan Province, site of Anglo
Iranian's operations. to run the
Inationalized industry.
An unconf1rmed report in top
diplomatic circles said National
Economy Minister Amir Alai would
be chairman of the commission
and that the group would go to
IKhuzistan within the next five
days.
Observers noted the memoran-
dunn specified that all employees of
the former oil company" would
from this date wednesday, be
recognized as employees of the
Iranian National Oil Co. "a gov
|ernment body.
Apparently Iran recognizes yes
|terday as the date Of the turn
Iover.
British Ambassador Protests.
Other Developments in the
swiftly changing scene:
/. British Ambassador Sir Fran
els Shepherd delivered a strong
protest this morning to Foreign
Minister Bagher Kazemi against
expulsion orders delivered to two
British journalists. There were
reliable reports that Iran has got
ten up a list Of other journalists
lit considers undesirable and may
issue more such orders.
2. There were also reports that
Iran may ask Britain to withdraw
her consul general in Khuzistan
las a protest against him person.
Ially.
3. Reliable informants said the
(See IRAN. Page A-3)
Evening star., 1951-05-31

After Bitter Attack
On Truman Policies
Sherman Reveals Action
On Letter to Supporter
OF Chino Nutionulists

Admiral Forrest P. Sherman
chief of naval operations, dis
closed in his testimony yesterday
! on the custer of Gen. Macarthur
that the Navy has just dismissed
a lieutenant q. g. who wrote q
letter vehemently criticizing ad-
ministration policies and support
ing Gen. MacArthur's views.
The officer was 1t. William H
Evans, Edgewater, Md, and he
called a press conference today
lin which he declared that his
views are shared by ian over
whelming majority" of fighting
men in the Far East.
Alfred Kohlberg, an importer
and chairman of the board OF
the American China Policy Asso-
citation of New York, was present
at the press conference in the
Mayflower Hotel.
Mr.. Kohlberg is a long standing
critic of the administration and
booster for Nationalist China. Last
September he charged that Pres
tident Truman had in his posses
sion a list of $50 Soviet atomic
lspies but none had been arrested
In April of last year, Mr.. Kohl
berg said he had been supplying
i" Communist data" to Senator
Mccarthy. Republican, of Wiscon-
sin, to aid in the campaign against
the State Department, which Sen
ator Mccarthy charged was rid
died with Red influence.
The letter was not given out al
the press conference but was
printed by the Chicago Tribune
today. It contained deletions
marked in the printed text by
dashes. and was dated March 16
1851. fighting zone, east coast
of North Korea" It said:
Keep UP the good work. ]
just received your questions to-
Dean Acheson. I post your open
letters for all the officers on the
ship to read, and they feel the
same way as ] do.
Nov that the time for q Jap
anese peace treaty is nearing. fol
the love Of God, let's keep. oul
pro- Communist and pro-Soyiet
State Department from again put
! ting the interests of Soviet Rus
1sia or the pro-Soviet United Ma
tions above the welfare of the
United States.
/ Offers Sensible" Jap Treaty.
II greatly fear that the Dean
Acheson clique viii allow Soviet
Russia to retain Southern Sakha.
lin and the Kurile Islands because
the Roosevelt (Alger Hiss
Igave them to Russia. To hell with
1.-THE Yalta betrayal. The Jap.
lanese peace treaty should be
lsigned on American terms. as we
(see LIEUTENANT. Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1951-05-31
IsrueIi Plane Downed

DAMASCUS, Syria, May 81 (P1.
A Syrian district governor said
today two Syrian Air Force planes
shot down an Israeli plane after
it had penetrated 4 miles within
Syrian territory in Southwest
Deraa. The governor of Deraa
said the plane fell in flames !
mile within Jordan territory.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Margaret Truman Gets
Bid to Kings Dinner
BY the Associated Pros,

LONDON, May 3l.-Margaret
Truman has been invited to dine
with King George VI and Queen
Elizabeth next Thursday, Buck
ingham Palace disclosed today.
The dinner. private one, is for
King Haakon of Norway. He is
making a state visit to Britain
next week which comedies with
the vacation tour by the Presi-
dents daughter.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Pilot Killed When JET
ExpIodes and Crashes
In Prince Georges
Woman Dives to Ground
With Four-Leof Clover
30 Yards From Impact

An Air Force jet fighter plane
exploded in midair and crashed in
flames near T. B., Prince Georges
County, shortly after II am. to-
day.
The pilot, whose name was with
held by Air Force officials until
his family could be notified, was
killed instantly.
killed instantly. The Thunderjet
plane had taken off from An
drews field only a few minutes
before the crash. The pilot was
attached to the l21st Fighter
Squadron.
Mrs. Laura Lederer, whose home
Is on Route 5. about mile from
T. B., witnessed the crash. She
said she had been hanging clothes
lin her yard and had just stoopec
over to pick a four leaf clover
when she heard the roar of th'
approaching jet.
Mrs. Lederer said she looked VI
and saw the plane almost at tree.
top level. She dived to the ground
Just then. she said. there was ar
explosion and small fragments oi
lwreckage showered around her.
The plane crashed into trees
about 80 yards from her home
and burst into flames.
The fire set off the planes store
of machinegun ammunition. Fol
more than IN hour shells were ex-
ploding intermittently. Police kept
spectators at a safe distance.
Some fragments of the plane
were found more than $50 yards
from the spot where 1t hit the
trees.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
The Formosu Story:
Events in Korea May Cause
Revival of Chiong's S Power
AP Writers Size Up
Question of Fornoso

Formosa. on island one-third the size
Of kentueky. is big question mark IN
the debote over American policy in Asia.
Associated Press correspondents hove
sized UP the political and militorY
aspects Of the island in q two-port
series Of which this is the first. Mr..
King is an Associated Press general
executive. M. Moose heads the Asso-
eioted Press Bureau at Toipeh.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Reds Battle FuriousIy
To Halt Allies Isl Miles
From Two Stronghold,
U. N. Forces Again Win
Control of Reservoir;
z Enemy Jets Downed
sy ihe Assoeia,sd Press

TOKYO, May 31.-Red troops
fighting with renewed fury halted
American adsalices today 70 miles
from the Communist Korean
strongholds Of Chorwon and
Kumwha.
Other United Nations forces re-
gained control of the 275-foot high
Hwacllon Dam with comparative
ease.
Across the 125-mile Korean
front, Allied forces slogged through
the mud for slow gains or fought
of sharp attacks.
Twelve Red jets tried an attack
|of their own on United States
|B-29 Superforts. Eight F-86
Sabre jets cut in with the usual
result - two Russian-type jets
downed and one damaged. The
B-29s, unharmed, went ahead with
their bomb runs on q Northwest
Korea rail bridge.
Battle Lasts ALI Night.
The Stiffest fighting swirled
against American spearheads on
the western and west-central
fronts pointed at Chorwon, and
around Inje on the east-central
sector.
Chinese units pitched a fam
tastic counterattack at dusk yes
terday against Americans in the
hills around Yonchon, 13 miles
southwest Of Chorwon. In a
Inight-long battle the Reds pushed
the doughboys of the ridges and
showed them back 1000 yards.
At dawn today the Americans
lleaped to the attack. BY noon
they had regained their positions
on the road to Chorwon.
Frontline officers estimated al
least two Chinese divisions stood
between the Americans and that
Red stronghold. so miles north OF
Seoul.
Yonchon itself, said Associated
Press Correspondent John Ran
dolph, is q ao-man's-land. Amer
leans patrol it by day, Chinese
by night.
Attack Begun Prematurely.
The Chinese started their first
spring offensive prematurely April
% to keep the Allies away from
Chorwon. At that time U. N
forces were 4 miles away.
One of the announced objec-
tives of the current Allied coun-
teroffensive is to force the Reds
into another premature attack
! During such offensives the Chi.
i Continued on Page As. Col. e.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Most AT Tactical Units
TO Europe,
Declares
Secretary Opposes
'Fritterins Awuy' Of
Bombers in China
By ,hs Assosia,sd Prs.a

M1NNEAPoEIs. May s1.--Most
of the Air Forces tactical units.
now numbering more than so
groups. win be available to the
North Atlantic treaty defense
force, Air Secretary Finletter said
today.
In an address before a Chamber
|of Commerce meeting here, Mr..
Finletter also:
/. Expressed opposition to any
idea Of "frittering away" parts of
the strategic bomber force in ex-
tension Of the Korean war to
CHINA position also expressed
by the Air Force chief of staff,
Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, in his re-
cent testimony to Senators inves-
Itigating Gen. MacArthur's custer.
2. Said that despite progress in
building a long-range bomber
force around the B-36 and still
newer types Of heavy bombers the
United States must continue to
have overseas bases for strategic
lattack with its medium bombers.
Future Is No Guarantee.
8. Said 1--WE are making SUBJ
stantial advances in the field OF
guided missiles and other methods
of improving our air defense sys-
tem," but United States air de-
tense now and "for the future
insofar as we can predict with
reasonable certainty, is incapable
by itself of guaranteeing us i'm
munity from enemy atomic at
tack"
4. Warned that unless our es-
Inmates are incorrect. the Com
muniStS have a very substantial
tactical air force" being converted
from old piston engined planes to
jets.
| "a tactical air force is COM
! posed of light bombers and
fighter -bombers, used to give
support to ground forces and to
attack targets close to the bat
tlefront. 1t does not include the
interceptor fighter planes Of the
Air Defense Command nor the
medium aad heavy bombers of
the Strategic Air Command,
although such planes are some
times used on special tactical
miSSionS.)
when we are talking of tactical
air." Mr.. Finletter said, I'VE are
talking about the battle Of Europe
! lSee ETNI .ETTER. Page A-3.l
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Big 3 Challenge Russians to Hold
Ministers Meeting Here July 23;
Sherman Hits M'Arthur Attitude
Says Generals
Debates Held
Up Operations
BULLETIN

Admiral Sherman concluded
his testimony in the Macarthur
controversy at 1913 pm. today
and Chairman Russell of the
Joint investigating committee
announced that Secretary Of
State Acheson would be called
at 10 am. tomorrow.
Evening star., 1951-05-31

the joint Senate committee inves-
tigating the Macarthur contro-
versy.
In other testimony, the Chief of
Naval Operations said:
/. Gen. Macarthur considered
last December. after the Chinese
Communists attacked. that the
"best solution would be to arrange
armistice on best terms available
as soon as possible"
2. The deterioration in Korea
at that time had increased SO
greatly the possibility of a general
war that the Joint Chiefs of Stafi
instructed all field commanders
Ito take action to increase their
readiness without creating an at
mosphere Of alarm" AS a result
|of this directive, Admiral Sher-
man revealed. the Mediterranean
Fleet got under way and went tc
sea.
Kremlin Could Stop War.
3. The Kremlin could call of
the war in Korea II Ii wanted to,
but the United States Is not suffi-
GENTLY strong at this time to in
duce the Soviet leaders to take
such action.
4. In q series Of gloomy" mes
sages last December, Gen. Mac
Arthur sent the joint chiefs q
warning that steady attrition
leading to final destruction could
reasonably be contemplated" for
the U. N. forces and raised the
question of the possible need OF
evacuation.
S. The American feet in the
Mediterranean would be "one OF
the most effective instruments" to
combat a Russian land and air
drive through the Middle East.
s. This country,s military post
tion is improving rapidly and
time is on our side" in building
up forces to resist Communist ag-
gresSion.
Morse Brings Up Question.
Admiral Sherman's testimony
on the difficulties experienced
with Gen. Macarthur was given
while he was being questioned. by
Senator Morse, Republican, of
Oregon. The Senator said the
hearings and documents that have
been introduced showed two
things: L., that Gen. Macarthur
and the Joint Chiefs differed on
the strategy that should be fol-
lowed in the Korean war, and, 2.
that Gen. Macarthur had a way
of always making it clear" to
his superiors that while he was
carrying out their orders he was
mot in sympathy with them.
In reply, Admiral Sherman
said:
IT would rather reply to that
particular question in an affima-
tive manner by saying that
throughout this period the con-
duct Of affairs was made difficult
by a lack of responsiveness to the
obvious intentions of the direc-
|tives that were transmitted out
there and a tendency to debate
and in certain cases to criticize. .
Truman Directive Recalled.
Senator Morse brought out that
lit was during this critical period
last December that President
Truman issued a directive that
field commanders should be
guarded in their public statements
and that matters dealing with
CONTINUED on Page A-3, Col. -
Evening star., 1951-05-31

the deadlock over what world ten
sions the four Foreign Ministers
should discuss. The four-power
deputies have been trying to do
that in Paris since March.
The American, French and Brit
ish deputies here handed the notes
to Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis
ter Andrei Gromyko at their 64th
meeting on a top-level conference
agenda. Copies also were handed
over to the Kremlin in Moscow
by the Western Ambassadors.
When the Western deputies in
Paris handed the note to Mr..
Gromyko, he said he would trans
init it to Soviet Foreign Minister
Andrei Vishinsky. His only COM
ment was a brief remark that
there were ''factual inaccuracies"
in the note. read to him by the
American deputy, Ambassador at
Large Philip Jessup.
Soviet stand Blamed.
The notes blamed lack of agree
ment on an agenda on the Soviet
insistence that the Big Four
should discuss the North Atlantic
alliance and the establishment OF
United States bases In Europe.
The Soviet Union contends that
the Atlantic pact is a major cause
of international tension. The
West rejects this claim.
The new notes point out that
the Western powers proposed on
May 2 that there be three alterna-
tive agendas. One of these has
become known as the "split agen-
da" because it contains both the
Vests and Russia's workings. side
by side, on the question Of arx1a-
ments and armed forces.
The notes contend that agree
ment could have been reached on
this "split agenda" except for
Russia's demand that the Atlantic
pact be discussed. The West holds
it is ready to attend a Big -Four
meeting on the basis of this "split
agenda" or on either of the other
two alternative agendas.
(The State Department said
in a statement accompanying
release of the notes that it be-
lieves any one of the three al
tentative agendas offered the
Russians would provide a
reasonable" basis for a confer
ence "if it is indeed the desire
of the Soviet government to
hold a meeting of the four
Foreign Minister'S"
Peace Held Objective.
The notes declare it has been
and remains the view of the three
Western governments that such a
meeting is desirable in the interest
of strengthening peace, described
as the constant objective of West
ern foreign policy. The notes
add:
The Western governments for
their part consider that the
measure Of agreement achieved
on an agenda makes possible a
meeting of the four foreign min
listers which would permit discus
sion. among others, of all topics
proposed by the Soviet govern
ment in the exchange of notes
preceding the Paris conference
and on the 5th and 7th of March
at the outset of that conference.
The Western governments are
prepared to attend a meeting OF
the four foreign ministers in
Washington beginning on July 90
They are prepared to participate
in such conference not only on
the second agenda, but also on
either of the two other agendas
The texts of three agendas are
enclosed.
Evening star., 1951-05-31

in The Stor than
in any other
newspaper.
A We rtise in
W Woshin gton's
largest classified
showcase. The
deodline for Sun
dcy dds is 2 p.M
Saturday. BUT
you con help
avoid q flood Of
last minute coils
ndov od today.
Evening star., 1951-05-31
By Cecil HoIIond and
GEORGE Beveridqe

Admiral Forrest P. Sherman
said today that operations in Ko-
rea had been made difficult by
Gen. MacArthur's "lack of re-
sponsiveness to the obvious inten-
tions" Of directives sent to him
and "a tendency to debate and in
certain cases to criticize"
He gave the testimony during
a second round of questioning by
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Star Leads the City
In Classified Ads

There ore more thon 357,000 fom-
lilies in Washington and vicinity. And
these families place more classified ods
Evening star., 1951-05-31

y. N. Is Reported Reody to Blockade Red
Chino if II Is Essentiol. Pose A-30|
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Identical Notes
Sent to Moscow
In Poris Imposse
BY The Associated Press

PARIS. May 31.-The United
States, Britain and France chal-
lenged Russia today to accept a
four-power Foreign Ministers
meeting in Washington July %
''in the interests of strengthen
ing peace"
The three Western powers sent
identical notes aimed at breaking
Evening star., 1951-05-31

Text Of United Stotes Note to the Soviet
Union. Pose AS
Evening star., 1951-05-31

by ordering your Sunday od todey.
Phone Sterling 5000.
Evening star., 1951-05-31

Continued on Page AS. Col. g.
Evening star., 1951-05-31

Continued on Page A-4. Col. H.
Evening star., 1951-05-31

CONTINUED on Page AS, Col. H.
Evening star., 1951-05-31

(see FINLETTER, Page A-so
Evening star., 1951-05-31
Guide for Readers

An Associoted Press Newspaper
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1951-03-01

A group of Chicagoans were show
ing visiting Texan the town. What
do you think of our stock yards?"
they asked.
MAN, we got brandin' corrals in
Texas bigger'n this"
WELL" they asked further, what
do you think of the imposing sky
scrapers of the Chicago skyline?"
"Why, man, we got tombstones in
Boot Hill bigger than those"
That night they put a brace of
swapping turtles in his bed. When he
turned down the covers and asked
what they were, he was told, "Illi-
nois bedbugs."
He peered at them a moment.
$50 they are" he agreed. "Young
'uns, amt they?"