davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-09-29
JuIiono's Refudee Appeal

In her moving letter to President Truman,
Queen JHliana of the Netherlands has reminded
the world that the refugee problem is still
problem of major proportions in spite of all the
good work that has been done by many lands
notably the United States-in resettling hun
dreds of thousands of displaced persons uprooted
by the Second World War. Moreover, as she
sees it, the problem is such "sore spot" in "the
body of humanity that it will remain a source
of growing international political danger unless
and until new measures are taken to cut it out.
Despite this, however, the international
Refugee Organization-the chief agency for
handling such problems-iS preparing to disband
by the end of the year. Thereafter, as Queen
Juliana has emphasized, there will be no group
apart from the ones separately set up to deal
with the tragic plight of the displaced Arabs and
the homeless Koreans-specif1cally charged with
the responsibility of working out a humanitarian
program to cope with the overall situation.
Accordingly, she has appealed to the President
to take the initiative in pressing for action
presumably in the United Nations-to establish
systematic ways and means of caring for and
resettlng the vast number of people involved
after the IRO winds up its business.
In connection with the Queens appeal, the
Netherlands Embassy has released figures indi-
eating that the refugees-in addition to the mil
lions or Sorely distressed ARABS ana koreans VINO
are supposed to have the help of special U. N.
agencies-are scattered around the world as fol-
lows: Italy, 480 900; Greece, 100000; Austria, 300
600; West Germany, 100000; and India and
Pakistan 100000. incidentally, as far as free
Europe is concerned the statistics include scores
OF thousands of individuals who have fed from
the Red tyranny behind the Iron Curtain but
who have received poor reception-in many
cases as if they were common criminals-in the
zones occupied by Anglo-French- American
forces. Quite clearly the whole problem calls for
better treatment than that and will continue
to demand humanitarian action long after the
IROs liquidation.
Queen Juliana has not outlined specific
program. However, in urging the President to
do whatever he can to promote measures aimed
at enabling the refugees to have decent, self
supporting way of life, she has effectively focused
attention on situation that obviously requires
affirmative action. The problem, of course is
one that calls for international cooperation with
some nations Undia and Pakistan, for example)
in a better position than others to offer direct
help to the distressed. The U. N. General Assem-
bly, should look into the matter thoroughly at
its forthcoming meeting in Paris.
Evening star., 1951-09-29
Autumn

The autumn came last night ,oith magic
tUGrd,
Transforming locust leapes to coins
OF gold.
She strobe across the mendopland
beyond,
And crimsoned dogwood ru6fes. told
by fold.
Yet still the aster goDned In purple lace
Unturls its loneliness through tangled
b0UeTs-
And in serenity it lifts its face
As though unmtndtul of its numbered
hours.
Serene as lo1Dly Gsters may tDe be
When autumn dinns our path. MGy
faith outline
Each foriUard step. In calm serenity
May Ue but trust: Gods light fDiu
eUer shine.
The autumn Transformation is but truth
Tmpelling groiDth. and grotUth's eternal
youth.
Anne B, Morley I
Evening star., 1951-09-29
By Charles E. TroceweN

is almost none to equal it. It blends so
well with the human voice, Of any type,
that it practically transforms it.
Templeton Jones, ex-guitarist, has re-
tanned through the years his love Of this
famous old instrument
He never hears one, especially in the
night. that he does not think of his
youth and all the dead, dear things Of
long ago.
Long ago, when everybody thought
life had settled down to a new way, and
when children said, "Yes, SIR" and "Yes,
ma m, and it didn't hurt them.
Long ago, when what a man earned
he kept, as was his right.
Truly it was long ago!
One of the few things that remains
unchanged is the sad, sweet strains Of
guitar music, whether it plays fam
dango or the latest popular song.
This is the quality of genius, and
surely he was genius who invented it.
1t is said that by no conceivable mental
effort could any one improve the violin.
Much the same can be said Of the guitar.
The little ukulele is small guitar, but
what q difference! No one could call it
an improvement, although it is great
fun. The guitar stands alone. marvel
out invention, demanding of any who
would attempt it skill, strength and sac
rifice, and q dedicated life.
Evening star., 1951-09-29
Tax Factor in Puy Ruise

Proponents of the Federal pay raise
bill passed by the House claim that the
fiat $400 per year is more fair and equit-
able to all than the 10 per cent increase
contained in the Senate bill. This claim
is not valid because it ignores completely
the fact that the rise in cost of living
is related percentagewise to the income
level and because it disregards the un-
equal effect of the income tax with re-
spect to two annual salaries of $4,000
and $4,000.
The attitude of Congress in regard to
pay, leave, pension and similar civil
service personnel matters. as displayed
this year. is responsible for the reluc-
tance of top-grade professional and
executive personnel to enter Or remain
in Federal civil service. It appears that
the only fair and dignified method for
handling such matters would be to es-
tablish a stable graduated leave system
without the present restrictions on use
and accumulation, and to establish a
method for automatic and periodic ad-
justments of salaries and pensions on a
percentage basis relative to the Bureau
of Labor Statistics cost of living index.
e 6
Evening star., 1951-09-29
New Name for Capitalism

free men in free Western civilization.
where we can do things freely together
in our own traditional American way.
in contra distinction to the Communism
of the Iron Curtain Soviets and Red
Fascism, and since a new name is
wanted for the old misunderstood word
Capitalism the name Freeism, or Free
Americanism is hereby suggested as a
substitute for the word Capitalism.
Charles w. Waller.
Evening star., 1951-09-29
District BUDGET

Your editorial, "Our Unreahstic Esti-
mates" dealing with the method Of ar
irving at the District budget, is itself
somewhat unrealistic. Budgets for
municipalities and nonprofit making
organizations are presumed to be based
upon needs. Attitudes as to what con-
stitute community needs and municipal
services vary but in any case such needs
are not static or necessarily predicated
Evening star., 1951-09-29

commiSsion-the one to stake the Post Office
Department out of politics" The commission
suggested legislation to ban political patronage
in appointing postmasters A bill to effect this
reform was introduced in Congress- but it lies
in committee pigeonhoe. 1t will continue to
lie there as long as the public is complacent
about the mixing of politics and business in the
defcit-plagued postal system.
Evening star., 1951-09-29
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. What is the leading cause of blind
nesS?-K. D.
A. Cataract accounted for almost a
quarter of the causes in sampling Of
10000 blind adults, and congenital cat
aract for Is per cent among large
group of blind children. Industrial ac-
cidents account for Is per cent.
Evening star., 1951-09-29
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer to
any question of fact by either writing The
NV. WASHINGTON 5. D. c.. and inclosing 3 cents
return postage or by telephoning ST. 1863.
Evening star., 1951-09-29

@. How big do Holsters get?-G. w. F.
A. The Fish and Wildelife Service says
that the largest lobster caught in the
United States weighed As pounds and
was rs inches long. 1t was taken in the
southern winter trawl fishing of the
Virginia Capes during the 1930-31 sea-
son.
Evening star., 1951-09-29
Organized Labor

would like to point out the incon-
sistency of the position of the two
brothers who lost their jobs with the
New York Central Railroad recently
because they said their religious beliefs
would not permit them to pay dues to
the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen
and Engineers. Each had worked over
20 years with the railroad. Apparently,
neither ever paid cent to any union.
I am unable to understand the
scruples of men who find that they are
able to enjoy all the benefits of Ameri-
can citizenship, but who are unable to
contribute to maintaining such benefits.
One group is unable to fight for the
United States although they have no
Scruples against enjoying the freedoms
of living in this country. These brothers
belong to group which does not permit
them to belong to a union which secures
their Jobs. 1t was rather ironic that one
of the brothers was on vacation when
the notice of his dismissal hit the press.
1t was not too long ago that railroad
men had no vacations unless they laid
off. Then the brotherhoods forced the
companies, to agree to weeks vacation
with pay. Very recently, the brother
hoods wrested another week from the
railroads. Apparently. these brothers
have no scruples in accepting the bene-
fits which the union won for them
This idea of letting George do 1t" is
altogether too prevalent in this country
today. 1t is only through cooperation
in a common cause that we can achieve
greatness as Nation. And it is only
through cooperation that working men
will continue to enjoy the benefits won
by their unions. This idea of all get
and no give has gone far enough.
William E. Knox.
Evening star., 1951-09-29

Is and 81 in the belief it would provide
IAN important inventory of available
skills for essential civilian and military
services" 1t was not proposed, how
ever, that the registration be followed
r by draft,
One of the most outspoken advocates
of drafting women is Representative
Frances p Bolton, Republican, of Ohio.
who claims the Army could have used
! million women in the last war to
fill the more than 200 job categories
Evening star., 1951-09-29
Wonoons Place at Home or in Uniform?

for which women eventually were
trained.
Representative Edith Nourse Rogers,
Republican. of Massachusetts, has
said that 1.-The registration of women
may we'll come" and Dorothy C. STRAIT
ton, who headed the SPARS in World
War II, has indorsed the registration of
all women up to so years of age.
The National Federation of Business
and Professional Women also approved
the women's draft in principle at lis
convention this summer, with the,
'proviso that it not disrupt the Amer
lean home.
Not many men have been willing to
be quoted on this subject to date. One
military affairs analyst has predicted
that in case of total mobilization, three
million American women would be
drafted. most of them unmarried in the
10 to 80 age group. Another writer has
estimated that up to 80 per cent of our
future armed forces will be feminine,
with more than Is per cent of the Air
Force jobs being handled by women.
During World War II, Britain had
manpower shortage and drafted women
between 18 and SO, until they finally
made up 10 per cent of the services and
80 per cent of the factory workers.
For whatever it's worth, poll con-
Quoted not so long ago among both
sexes indicated the males were the
strongest objectors to the draft-women
idea.
The thought is particularly distaste-
full to Representative Hoffman, Repub-
lican, of Michigan, who believes it
might lead to an army of Amazons
On the other hand, Mrs. Bolton is
on record that it's a practical step.
Let's revise the old saying that woman's
place is in the home she said. Lets
realize that today woman's place in
cludes the saving of the home"
Evening star., 1951-09-29

@. Was Transylvania promised to
Rumania in World War I?-V. D.
A. Yes, by a secret treaty in 1916. The
Allies made this offer as the reward for
entering the war on their side. Accord
ingly, the Treaty of Trianon in 1920
awarded the province to Rumania.
Evening star., 1951-09-29

Pe11-71an1es may be used If letters carry
writerS' correct names and addresses.
All letters are subject to condensation.
Evening star., 1951-09-29

is almost none to equal it. It blends so
we'll with the human voice, of any type,
that it practically transforms it.
Evening star., 1951-07-06
ISociaIized Medicine
Still Growing in Britain
BY the Assoeiaied Press

LONDON, July 6.-Socialized
medicine in Britain was three
years old yesterday and still
suffering from growing pains.
But politicians of all shades and
doctors and patients are agreed on
one thing: Free medical service
is here to stay.
The only major argument Is
how the programs growth Is to
be supervised and directed, and
how big her budget should be.
Government-aid medical service
in the current fiscal year is cost
ing Britain $1.120.000.000. The
figure has risen each year since
the first budget allotted $604.S
million for the last nine months
of fiscal 1948-9. The budget fig
ure this year adds up to about
$28 for each patient.
The Labor cabinet, which
|inaugurated and has run the
health service. was worried about
mounting costs this year and
made bow in the direction Of
ECONOMY by ordering patients to
pay half the cost of false teeth
and spectacles.
The Laborites acknowledge the
service is not yet working as
smoothly as it should. But they
point out that the enterprise
covers about AZ million of Brit
aims so million people and as
many as 10000 of the country's
81 900 general practitioners.
The health service runs almost
5000 hospitals.
Evening star., 1951-07-06
#THE MODE: importont Mems Corner
starting Saturday

yearly opportunity buy clothing of national reputation and
established quality important reductions Even renowned Richard
Prince and Fashion Park Suits included Both Mode will be
open Saturdays throughout the summer.
Evening star., 1951-07-06
Virginia Hill Turns Up pinEIPoso,
NAV Go to South America

nation for the Treasury Intelli-
gence Bureau.
Mr.. Frank said his questioning
was "just routine" inquiry. "It
lis not a criminal matter. She is
not a fugitive. only a witness. y
after ALL" he said, Miss Hill
was witness before the Kefauver
Committee and indicated an
acquaintanceship with well known
racketeers. With taxpayers Of
that type we prefer to watch
where they go when they leave the
district.
Husband Ordered to Leave.
Mr.. Hauser, a German national
has been ordered to leave the
United States before September /
Last night an airline reservation
clerk, Lilymae Ward, told the San
Francisco Chronicle she had sold
Miss Hill ticket to Ell Paso in the
name of Mrs. Harper" Earlier,
Miss Ward said, she sold a ticket
to a Herman Hauser and n
month-old baby for a fight to
Los Angeles with connections to
Santiago, Chile.
Miss Hill got Off the plane here
and went into the airport waiting
room.
When Mr.. Halloran asked If she
wasn't Virginia Hill Hauser, she
said:
who wants to know"
He told her.
THE newspapers again" she
snapped.
After she got into the taxicab,
she refused to say another word
Evening star., 1951-07-06
Ethics
(Continued From First Page.)


said he has similar view. He
added, however, that persons
named In derogatory fashion by
other witnesses will be given. op-
portunity to reply if they choose
Biffle Charge Denied.
Both Senator Douglas and Sen
ator Aiken said they were caught
by surprise when Michael Straight,
chairman of the American Vet
erns' Committee, testified Tues
day that Leslie Bif1e, secretary of
the Senate, allows the use of his
Office for lobbying purposes-a
charge Mr.. Biff1e later described
as baseless.
The two Senators said they had
no idea, either, before columnist
Drew Pearson testified yesterday,
that he would present as testi-
mony a variety of accusations he
had published in recent years
against members of Congress and
others.
Mr.. Pearson read to the SUBJ
committee an attack on congress
sional procedures in which he
named Senators, House members
and others. Senator Aiken said
"they were all old stories"
Mr.. Pearson also said IL cases of
Army Signal Corps secret files on
radar development have disap-
peared. The Army quickly denied
knowledge of any such disappear
ance,
Evening star., 1951-07-06
Philippine ENJOYS Butler
Dies in MARYLAND Crash

Emiliano Della Rosa Reyes. 81
butler for the Philippine Ambas-
sador here. was killed yesterday in
Frederick County, Md, when his
pickup truck left the road and
overturned, crushing him beneath
it.
State police said the accident
occurred a few miles from Green
field. near the Montgomery County
line. They added the truck failed
to make a sharp turn.
Ambassador Joaquin M. EliZaade
said he had sent Mr.. Reyes to
his farm near Adamstown to clean
up the house. Mr.. Reyes. who
was married, had lived at 169
Forester street S.W.
Evening star., 1951-07-06

ceived the Medal. OF the Army
recipients, 10 have been enlisted
men.
Half of the % winners have
come from four States. Massa-
chusetts, with five names in
scribed on the honor roll, leads
the list. California follows with
four, Wisconsin has contributed
three and Kentucky two.
Other servicemen are known to
have been recommended for the
Medal since the start of the Ko-
rean hostilities. but the long pro-
cedure required for final approval
by the President still has to be
completed.
Evening star., 1951-07-06
Educators Vote Today
On Proposal 10 Teach
Facts Of Communism
By the Associated Press

SAN FRANCISCO. July g.
About 5000 of the Nations educa-
tors vote today on proposal ad-
vocating the teaching of the facts
of communism and other contro-
versial subjects.
The vote win come as the Ma
tional Education Association ends
its week-long convention.
Teaching of controversial topics
without fear of reprisal from pres
sure groups and school boards was
urged by the conventions Resolu-
tions Committee.
Does Not Mean Advocacy.
Teaching of communism the
committee said. "does not mean
advocacy of communism. Such ad-
vocacy should not be permitted in
American schools"
Another NEA committee re-
ported that teachers fears plus
desires to avoid conflict with pro-
testing parents and citizens groups
are curtailing academic freedom
to danger point.
DR.. Martin Essex, Lakewood
Ohio, superintendent of schools
and chairman Of the MEAS Com
mittee on Tenure and Academic
Freedom, said voluntary censor
ship is growing.
When parents or other critics
protest, DR.. Essex said, teachers
are inclined to yield to maintain
peace.
Academic Freedom Cited.
The cumulative effect, he added,
not only encroaches on academic
freedom but deprives students of
facts they should have.
Citing an example, Mary Ann
Pesognelli. Pittsburgh third-grade
teacher. said. she had attempted
teaching her pupils how to be
democratic.
One little girl, Miss Pesognelli
said, went home and said she
didn't like her teacher because
she wants me to be a Democrat" 4"
DR.. Essex proposed as a solu-
ton that school administrations
appoint representative committees
to study and pass on complaints
and thus lift such burdens from
the teacher.
Evening star., 1951-07-06
Medals
Continued From First Page)

two years from the date of the
action. The medal must be awarded
within three years.
1t Is presented to its winners by
a high officially President Tru-
man to those who have survived
the Korean war and by Gen. Brad
LEY. Joint Chiefs of Staff chair
man, to those awarded posthu-
mously-"in the name of the Con-
gress." For this reason it is some
times called the Congressional
Medal of Honor" On few. rare
occasions, Congress has awarded
special Medals of Honor for in
dividual exploits taking place In
peacetirne.
The Medal of Honor was ere.
ated during the Civil War ane
during that war it was awarded
almost wholesale. A total Of 1.20l
of the decorations were giver
Army officers and men who fough
in the Civil War. A total of 2,11t
Medals of Honor have been wor
throughout the history of tn,
Army.
Accompanying Benefits.
Apart from the great honor i
conveys. there are certain priv.
ileges accompanying the Medal o.
Honor. Its winners can obtair
free military plane transportation
for instance. Their military pay
if they are enlisted men, is in.
creased by So a month. And for.
mer soldiers who have won tn,
Medal are eligible, on reaching
the age of IS, for a special pension
of $120 a year.
Seven of the 27 men who hav,
won the Medal in the Korean
conflict are living; the others ar.
either dead or missing. The lis
includes Maj. Gen. William H
Dean, commander Of the Oath In.
fantry Division, missing in action
One Navy airman also has re-
Evening star., 1951-07-06
sy tho Assoeioted Press

Ell PASO. Tex. July 6.-Vir-
|ginia Hill, girl who told the SEN
ate Crime Committee she knew
lots Of fellows the Senators said
were racketeers. turned up in this
border city early today.
She said she was probably" or
her way to join her husband. In
an interview that was almost a
monologue for Jim Halloran, Fl
Paso Times city editor, she also
said:
She would probably join her
husband, ski instructor Hans
Hauser. in South America.
That's where he is, isn't hei
] would hardly be joining him
| in Ell Paso, would II"
Was she going to cross the Rie
Grande River international boun.
Diary into Mexico here and fly
from Juarez. Mexico. to meet
him?
II can hardly do that without
a visa, can ~"
Was she going to stay in E
Paso?
II intended to look up some
friends, but see now that is i'm.
possible"
Sought for Tax Quiz.
But she took the three coats SHE
carried when she got off a plane
from San Francisco. collected hel
baggage. a lot of it, got in a taxi.
cab and went into town.
The whereabouts of the former
girl friend of the slain gangster
BENJAMIN (Bugsy) Siegel. hac
been of particular concern to Viii.
liam e. Frank, in charge of the
Seattle Office of the Treasury De.
partment.
|, Mr.. Frank said Tuesday he hao
been questioning Miss Hill about
income tax matters.
The interest in her whereabout.
became publicly known Tuesday
when the New Jersey State police
asked for information on the loca.
ton and direction of travel ir
which she, her husband and theii
baby were headed when they left
Seattle. Reports stopped neal
Minneapolis. The New Jersey of.
] f1cers said they wanted the infor.
Evening star., 1951-07-06
By the Associated Press

WIESBADEN, Germany, July s
"A decoy radio signal from
Prague may have lured two Amer
ican jet fighter planes off their
course into Communist Czecho-
slovakia last month, United States
Air Force officers disclosed today
The officers said reports of a
fake signal from the Czech capital
duplicating the guiding beam from
Nuremberg, West Germany. could
well be true"
The pilots of the two planes.
1t. Luther G. Roland and his
Norwegian student pilot. 1t.
Bjoern Johansen, were released
July 4 after four weeks detention
in Czechoslovakia. The two had
made forced landings at the field
near Prague June 8.
1t. Roland. of Hummelstown,
Pa, told a news conference yes
terday he had radio difficulty and
had followed the Nuremberg beam
| for some time before becoming
completely lost.
A United States Air Force
official, who refused to be identi-
fed, said it was very likely a
Idecov signal was used.
"It is not new trick by any
means" he said.
Sought Military Information.
Czechoslovak Communists tried
lin vain to pry military informa-
ton out of him 1t. Roland said
yesterday at Frankfurt. Picked
up by Czech guards. he was not
permitted to sleep during "a hours
questioning about his fight and
other matters
| He told this story:
He and 1t. Johansen took of in
Germany on a training flight. The
Norwegian was attached to the
United States Air Force for train
ing duty and 1t. Roland was in
structing him. Suddenly the two
realized they were off course. They
were running short of fuel. They
spotted a field and headed for it
When the planes wheeled to a
stop they were surrounded by
uniformed men, and learned they
were in Prague. The two pilots
were, led away and were kept
separated.
Not Allowed to Sleep.
The. Czechs took 1t. Roland to
a downtown building, fed him
dinner and seated him in an arm
chair. He was not allowed to
sleep. The questioning went
thoroughly into all aspects of the
fight, and he also was asked
military questions. 1t. Roland
said I'VE had a few arguments
about this, because I wouldn't
answer" but then they dropped
the military questions.
The questioning went on all
night and into the next morning
The Czechs brough him food,
coffee and cigarettes, but still