davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-11-04

ferent point Of view about most of
our actions.
1t is predicted that the pits of our
stomachs will have a dreadful all
gone feeling, and that we are likely
to get sick. Whatever causes sick
hess is practical military problem.
Shooting stars include occasional
Jumps of . nickel-iron big enough to
wreck ship. Astronomers do not
know how many there are. but they
calculate lucky space ship might
ny for years without hitting one.
They think the grains -dust-size
shooting stars will vaporize them
selves on impact. and that thin
metal foil on the outside will be
ample for this.
The high altitude cosmic rays are
single atoms, of many kinds. They
will penetrate into and sometimes
through any covering except thick
metal. Wherever they hit they will
set up radioactivity. Animal expert
ments will tell what the human risks
are going to be.
Atom Power Considered
One man could rise TO $50 miles
or higher on one of our present two
stage rockets. But he would not be
alive when he reached the peak. The
acceleration would squash him.
Once rocket or ship has reached
any speed-even that of light-there
would be no strain on the passengers.
But how to accelerate slowly enough
is now unknown.
Atomic power might solve the ac-
celeration problem, by making it
possible to blast off more slowly.
This also might be done with i'm
proved chemical fuels.
Finally there may be an entirely
new source of power for flying. This
one is proposed by DR.. Fritz Zwicky
OF the California Institute of Tech
nology in the journal of the Ameri-
can Rocket Society.
He says it may be possible to tap
the electricity known to be spread
all through the upper atmosphere.
This electricity is called ionization,
and is caused by the suns ultra
violet rays. These rays tear electrons
off the molecules of air, giving each
molecule big electrical charge. DR..
Zwicky says if We can tap this the
energy may be superior even to
atomic energy for driving airships.
1.-THE Associated PressJ
Evening star., 1951-11-04
By Howard w. Blokeslee

weak link at present is the unknown
question-what can man stand?
The fetters which have made man
earth-bound are air to breathe. heat
and cold, gravitation and unknown
dangers such as radioactivity and
possibly dangerous rays of other
sorts from the sun, and shooting
stars.
The air fetter is completely broken.
The heat problem is almost solved.
Flyers already are at attitudes where
there is not enough air to protect
their ships from the direct rays of
the sun. They suffer unbearable
heat which is met by cooling in
side the plane and by rejecting the
suns rays off the ships skin.
Hot and Cold Problem
The same means, with better re-
flecting metals on the outside. will
protect space ship from the suns S
heat. Except in the earths shadow,
or the shadow of another planet, the
problem will not be how to keep
warm, but how to keep cool. Space
itself has no temperature, because
there is nothing to get hot, except an
occasional grain of dust. The side
OF ship facing the sun will be near
ly as hot as boiling water, and the
shady side will drop to hundred de-
grees below freezing. The tempera-
ture differences will give a ship both
heat control and power. thus break
ing another link in the letters.
One Of the studies is what will
happen when there is no gravitation
Our bodies depend on gravitation for
many things. but it is predicted we
Can do without this force surprisingly
well. Breathing. eating, blood cir
culation and most physical functions
will not be affected, because they are
part OF a closed system. That means
olr bodies supply their own power
regardless of gravitation.
But learning how to live without
gravitation is going to strain the
nerves. There will be no gravitation
70 give us the sense Of balance. The
seat Of our pants. even when sitting.
will be no guide. We can get painful
bruises by falling UP Just as well as
oy falling down. Our reflexes will
have to be retrained to keep our
muscles from involuntarily tossing us
around. Our eyes will see lust as
we'll, but will have to learn a diff
Evening star., 1951-11-04
Dictator So|uzor Still the Professor

they at once stopped signing when
they understood the character of the
campaign. No further action was re-
quired. There" he said. lis an ex-
ample of the growing liberty based
on understanding which have men
toned"
Contributes to Defense
Turning to international affairs. I
asked him whether he considered that
Portugal has any distinctive role to
play in the defense of the West.
I'VE are members of the various
Western defense bodies" he said,
land we know what we have gone in
for and will put our pledges into
practice. We are conscious of our
responsibilities and of the importance
OF our geographical position for de-
tense. BY virtue of that geographic
cal position, and also because we long
ago recognized the true character of
the enemy and dealt with him effec-
lively here, We have our own impor-
tant contribution to make"
The Portuguese claim to have ideal
relations with the people in their
colonies, both in Asia and in Africa.
Certainly there is abundant evidence
in Lisbon itself of the total absence
OF any color bar and of feeling of
genuine equality on the part of COL
ored people there.
Have you anything to say about
the Importance, and future. of Africa
to the West?" asked DR.. Salazar.
He replied that he was the first
politician to call attention to Africa
as the basis for rebirth and recon-
struction of Europe and as a solid
base for the future.
Strong for Africo
Thank God" he said, africa is
governed by countries all of whom
are West of the iron curtain, but
it is lamentable that some of those
countries have not taken measures
for defense against infiltration and
some even want to detach Africa
from Europe. Without Africa, West
ern Europe cannot revive and will
be subject to colonization either from
the East (Russia) or from the West
(America)."
Russian policies. he said, were
clearly aimed at the political separa-
ton OF Africa from, the Eurasian
mainland as part of their world
strategy. This must be unitedly re-
sisted by those powers concerned
with Africa and with the defense
Of the West.
In what remains of old Lisbon one
can see SlumS in which live 1850
people. They are as bad as could
be found anywhere, but they are the
last Of that sort left in the capital
Hundreds of enormous blocks vi
fats and the new suburbs built on
the community principle, with ave-
nues of villas leading from centers
composed of schools. creche. recrea-
ton ground. washhouses, welfare
center and church, bear testimony
to the quality and quantity of the
work of reconstruction.
Under Its benevolent dictator,
Portugal is rebuilding and develop
ing. There is nothing static about
his regime. which undoubtedly has
the support of the overwhelming
majority of his people.
tcoDyrishtT Observer FOREIGN News Service,
Evening star., 1951-11-04

took over. AS social health improves
SO liberty win be increased"
He went on to remind me of this
country's almost farcical attempt to
practice democracy under the re-
public which had led to a revolution
every few months over a period of
years.
Political Organization Blocked
When I asked him whether free
organizations are already encouraged
he replied that the only impediment
is to political organization and as
sociation. In all other sectors, he in
sisted, there is the same liberty OF
meeting and Of talking enjoyed in
the democracies.
DR.. SalaZar went on to outline the
workers and employers syndicates
which are feature of his industrial,
cooperative system. These are elect
ed bodies empowered to negotiate
agreements and settle disputes. The
State, after setting them up, he said,
does not intervene except when there
is failure to agree or in the case
of corruption.
I passed him a copy of the COMM
form journal (probably one of the
very few to be taken openly into his
country and drew his attention to an
item which claimed that 10000 peo-
pie In various towns of Portugal had
recently signed the Communist
peace" petition for five-power pact.
He was, he said, aware that this
had happened and thought it quite
possible that the number stated was
correct. Nowhere did people feel
more strongly for peace than in Por-
tugal. the more so because he had
followed policy of neutrality in the
last war. So when the peace petition
appeared people signed it because
they wanted peace.
Then the government discovered
what was happening and warned the
people through the papers that this
was Communist petition. Because
OF the deep hostility to communism
Evening star., 1951-11-04
CoIorfu| New Commons
By RondoIph Leigh

The new House Of Commons is one
OF the most widely assorted groups in
the history of that body. While
Britons can no longer claim the most
important deliberative assembly IN
the world. they can certainly make
out a good case for having the most
colorful.
This also reflects far more of a
turnover than is indicated in the SIM
pie statement that the Conservative
strength has shifted to plus by a
margin of few dozen seats. This
dramatic change of emphasis within
the two parties, as well as in their
relative strength. may have large
historical consequences. The most
conspicuous change has been in the
number of men who have seen actual
combat. This applies to both parties
Next comes the increase in the num-
Der OF men in business and industry
who now sit on the Conservative side.
There are 130 of them, If Ne count
publishers, manufacturers. bankers,
brokers, advertising executives and
the like. The increase is about Is
per cent and included are some of
the very ablest British industrialists.
There are 40 journalists and au-
thors OF various kinds. In sharp con-
trast with our Congress, lawyers are
down to roughly Is per cent of the
total membership. Both lawyers and
Journalists are pretty well divided
between the two parties, with Labor
slightly leading.
Brilliant Service Records
While the military men are much
more numerous on the Conservative
side. there are many brilliant service
records on the Labor benches also,
One member claims to be the first to
have risen from below decks in naval
service to seat in Commons. He
began as stoker at IA in World War
l and had the same work % years
later in the next war. His lead was
the highest of all the Commons in
relation to the number of votes cast
IN his constituency. Another stoker
became naval commander and
thereafter won a seat in Commons.
One member was born in New York
State. Another was educated at Yale.
There are two professional hairdress-
ers, one of them the president of that
group. There is linotype operator,
top authority on bridge, television
expert, the president of the British
vegetarians, coal miners galore, two
veterinarians. two broadcasters and
cinema magnate. There are also
is cattle breeders. bee expert, the
president of one of the best bird
watching societies. bellringer, two
ex-butchers, not to mention a lord,
three viscounts and viscountess.
Thirteen members of Shaw's old
Fabian society came through, on the
Ila5or side. of course. There are Is
doctors. one of them woman. OF
the II woman members, six are Con-
servative. The number of university
men is up since the last election, but
still below the average for earlier
decades. While most of the educa-
tors in Commons regained their seats
and still are or the Labor side, that
side still is low in university men. !.
Evening star., 1951-11-04
By DoueIos HYDE

LONDON.-A little 17-year-old serv-
ant girl in brown frock and starched
white cap and apron answered the
door when. with former Portuguese
Ambassador to the Court of st. James
as my interpreter. l called on DR..
Antonio Salazar. Portugal's die
tator," in Lisbon recently. The little
girl had only just shown us into a
quietly furnished sitting room when
a gray-haired man walked quietly
in and in an equally quiet voice
made us welcome.
Quiet and gray are, I think, the
two adjectives most likely to occur
to any one attempting to give an i'm
preston Of the 63-year- -old former
economics professor who has led
PortugaPS authoritarian regime since
he introduced it in 1928.
Understands Some English
AS weA-disposed mentor he is
there. to instruct and guide-but not
to be argued with. That strength of
personality and intellect was soon re-
Vealed. I had come with a host of
questions on the most diverse SUBJ
Jects, OF which he had had no warn
ing. But he understands some Eng
Nsh and his answers tended to come
almost before 1 had finished asking
them. Far from being superficial.
many OF his replies revealed deeper
shades of meaning when I studied
them later.
My questions on political, social
and industrial matters were asked
with view to revealing the direction
IN which his regime is travelling
rather than to provoking arguments
about its undemocratic character,
which have been sufficiently debated
already.
Does your regime assure that DO
lltical democracy is entirely unsuited
to the Portuguese temperament" I
asked, "or are you working toward
greater freedom?"
He replied: IF you limit your in
depreciation of democracy to the
English variety. then l do not think
it is adaptable to Portugal today both
~ on account of the level of education
OF our people and the temperament
of the Portuguese.
Coils Police Stote Absurd
England, being an island, tends to
be insular and has evolved a system
which it thinks should automatically
be applied to all other countries. But
a Portuguese democracy would not
necessarily be based on the English
system"
He smiled when I told him that
many English people genuinely be-
lieved his to be police state. THAT
is an absurdity," he said. public
liberties are dependent on the will of
the people. The life and activities of
our people are not regulated by the
polica"
He threw some light on what he
meant when ! asked him whether his
aim was to move toward the estab-
llshment of free institutions.
Certainly" he said, I'VE are de-
veloping them already. Political lib
erty is healthy manifestation, a
sign Of social health. Portugal was
politically and socially sick when !
Evening star., 1951-11-04
Western Defenses-
ChurehiIFs Comeback May Mean
More Action in Girding Europe
By Constantine Brown

The temperance Of Winston
Churchcill in the international arena
may give shot in the arm to the
Western coalition which has been
fumbling along since its inception
three years ago. principally because
of lack of craftsmanship and deter
mination on the part of its leaders.
From all available reports, Mr..
Churchill will exercise his talents in
the next II months on the interna-
tional scene rather than on domestic
policies, where he is hamstrung by
slim majority in the House of Com
mons. Moreover, the election has
shown that the British masses are
opposed to any changes in the re-
forms brought about by the socialist
predecessors of the Tory government.
The main problem which is con-
fronting the West is the avoidance
of war with Russia. This can be
done. as it has been finally recog-
nized in this country, only by show
of force. We are doing the utmost
to build up this force but some of
our partners in Europe have not dis
played the same willingness.
The French government is reluc-
tant to adopt strong measures be-
cause it feels that it might be over
thrown if it were to impose too
heavy a burden on its people. Be-
cause of the same fear that any mis-
step might cause it's downfall. it has
hnoT3 n0Nncn6 m ranl fa
bring Germany into the Western
coalition. The military men at
SHAPE and Gen. Eisenhower in
particular have pressed, as much as
their military positions have allowed
them, that Germany be given full
sovereignty and thus pave the way
for the organization of strong
German defense force. The State
Department has also followed that
line but it met with a blank wall in
Paris.
More Confidence in Churchill
The cabinet of M. Rene Pleven
pointed to the disastrous effects on
his tenure in Office if he dared to go
too far in pressing this matter before
his Parliament. Unlike Great Britain,
a government can be overthrown in
a few minutes by a Chamber of
Deputies containing an assortment Of
about 10 political parties, each anx-
ious to form cabinet.
Mr.. Churchill may be more sue
cessful than our State Department.
The French and other Western Euro
pean nations have far more con-
fidence in his knowledge of Western
European affairs than in any of the
present leaders of the American
Government. MFR. Churchill has ad-
vocated for many years a United
States Of Europe tunder British
leadership, of course as the best
solution for avoiding further wars.
The trend toward that goal has be-
come somewhat stronger in the last
few years in Western Europe.
Mr.. Churchill is prepared to pro-
pose such merger of Western coun-
tries by bringing into it not only the
United Kingdom but some of the in
dependent dominions And while he
does not expect the United States to
join in this plan, he is sure that it
would be received with the utmost
sympathy in this country. The ut
most sympathy" means that America
would do its best to support economi-
cally and financially such union.
But even If he were to find unani-
Evening star., 1951-11-04

nous agreement in Western Europe
to his old project, it will take time
to accomplish it. In the meanwhile
he is determined to speed up the
rearmament of Great Britain. The
plans to come to Washington before
the end of the year to discuss Britain's
economic plight with administration
and other political leaders are based
on the need for prompt increase in
Britain's military potential. rs
things stand today with the British
treasury nearly empty of dollars and
with the difficulties Of obtaining raw
materials for arms and ammunition,
he feels that unless some immediate
help is given to the tune of several
billion dollars, the entire NATO
structure will collapse. 1t is safe
bet to say that Mr.. Churchill's plea
will be heard sympathetically by the
administration and it is likely that
Congress will lend a more favorable
ear to the British Prime Minister'S
arguments than would have been the
case had Mr.. Attlee remained at the
head of the government.
But while the British Prime Min
lister is expected to improve the
strength of the Atlantic coalition.
there are good many forebodinos
of what his position will be toward
the Middle East.
1t is possible that had he been in
office last year neither the Iranian
nor the Egyptian crises would have
occurred. He had enough knoW-how
to handle such situations with energy
and tact. But he has inherited now
an impossible situation. The nation
aliZation of some British industries
by the Labor government has given
ample ammunition to the Iranians
to follow its example. The success of
the Ir3nians was felt throughout the
Middle East. The Egyptians followed
up with abrogation of the 1886 treaty
and the order to British forces IN
Egypt to evacuate the Suez Canal.
In this they are receiving the full
moral support of the Syrians, the
Iraqi and other Arab states.
Fcith in Atom Bomb Restroint
There is no question that Mr..
Churchill will not give in. He may
attempt. If it is not too late, to in
duce the Egyptian government to
climb off the high horse, but as
things stand today it is DOUBTFUL
that his efforts will be succee ful.
Mr.. Churchill is said to be less
worried than most of the diplUm S
of the Western world about the
chances Of Soviet military interven-
ton. He appears to have more faith
in the immediate restraint the atom
bomb can have on Moscow than our
own leaders. Having had more direct
experience with the men in the
Kremlin than any other leader in
the West, he seems convinced that
Russia will not risk a war because
OF some punitive measures in Egypt.
OF course. the British Premier. re-
membering that it was Mr. Roosevelt
who insisted that India and Indo-
nesia be given full freedom, must
realize that harsh methods and TIE
active use of force would find little
support in this country. But he ex-
poets that his power of convincing
Americans of the need for the pres
erVation of what is left of the British
Empire might eventually gain him
the needed support from this coun-
try
Evening star., 1951-11-04

SAN ANTONIO. Tex.-Man is about
to break the fetters that have bound
him to earth for million years.
He is so close to flying into space
that scientists, sponsored by the
. United States Air Force School of
Aviation Medicine, are holding A
symposium about it here beginning
Tuesday, under the title. Upper At
mospnere and the Aeropause." The
aeropauSe is the zone where air is SO
thin it tails off into empty space.
Flyers are already up at heights
which are military secrets but where,
for the purposes of breathing. there
Is no air. Their equipment would take
them all the way to Venus or Mars,
so far as air is concerned.
They are at heights where the
pressure is so low their blood would
boil at normal body temperature, and
their tissues swell them to twice nor
NAL size, but for the pressure in their
cabins. The presSures are good
enough to last them anywhere in the
. solar system.
Rocket Goes Out Of Bounds
We have rocket-the Viking
which outdoes the CO, and could
shoot from the moon to the earth.
1t cannot do the reverse trip. because
earth's gravitation is too strong. We
have shot two-stage rocket to $50
miles, which is completely out in
space.
Our flyers already are running
completely out of gravitation for
short periods-about half a minute
when planes take a course bringing
on centrifugal force to counterbal-
ance the earth's pull.
Our skyhook balloons-at 20 miles
altitude-and rockets at 100 miles are
sampling the radioactivity from cos
mic rays which flyers will face when
they go little higher.
Astronomers will bring their CAL
cuiations to this meeting on the rain
OF dust-size shooting stars whose 40
mlles-a-seconds speed makes them a
menace.
The symposium is held because
some of the human problems of space
flight already exist, and others will
become urgent. Rocket engineers say
the ships to fly into space for military
purposes already are possible. The
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1951-02-23
William 7. Mayo
Enters
Councilman Race

William T. Mayo, attorney, to-
day announced his candidacy for
councilman-at-large from ward
9 where he resides at 11O4 Inwood
Terrace.
Mayo is a graduate of the Uni
versity of Florida, College of Arts
and Sciences in 1880 and College
Of Law in 1888, and while there
was elected to the honorary scho-
1astic fraternity Phi Kappa Phi
in 1880 and to the professional
legal fraternity Phi Alpha Delta,
in 1881. He is former member
of the city council, having served
continuously in that body from
1885 to 1913. He left the council
to enter the United States Army.
While in the Army he served as
military government officer in
North Africa, Italy and Austria
and in the latter country was
trial judge in military govern
ment criminal courts for several
years. He returned to the United
States in April 1850.
Regarding his candidacy, Mayo
said 81 stand for a sound fiscal
policy for our city government
and for such other legislation as
will promote the best interests of
our city. On proposed ordinances,
fair and impartial hearings should
be held by the council and an op-
portunity given to all interested
citizens to present their views"
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1951-02-23
III ZOA Delegates Elected
to World Zionist Congress

A slate of 121 delegates, depu-
ty-delegates and alternates rep
resenting the Zionist Organization
of America to the Forthcoming
23rd World Zionist Congress were
unanimously approved by the
National Administrative Council
of the organization at a special
meeting held last week at the
Waldorf-Astoria, New York, &C
cording to an announcement re-
leased today. The ZOA delegation
will constitute the largest single
unit attending the Congress from
this country.
The forthcoming World Zionist
Congress, the first to be held
since the establishment of the
State of Israel, is scheduled to
convene in Jerusalem beginning
July 18th.