davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1951-08-17

if shaded, the young trees grow
healthier and sturdier. They escape
drying out in summer and 'freez-
ing and thawing injury" in winter
Says Cox, "A combination of SOIL
fumigation and proper shading will
Milford chronicle., 1951-08-17

Ten of the SO judges who signed
the death warrant of Charles I
were executed at the Restoration
in 1860.
Milford chronicle., 1951-08-17

Michael Faraday is credited with
discovering alternating current
electricity in England in 1881 when
he announced the principle of cleo
trOmagnetic induction.
Milford chronicle., 1951-08-17

give us better stands Of trees. We
think too, that this might cut the
plant bed period from three to two
years.
Milford chronicle., 1951-08-17

Classified ADS get results
Evening star., 1951-07-10
By GEORGE Kennedy

This first half of the 10th century in
America has been wonderful for those
who have lived Inexperienced 1t.
Few have done better than katharine
F. Lenroot, who announced yesterday
that she is retiring as head OF the Chill
drenS Bureau at the end OF August.
1t was her good fortune to become
aware of what was going on at the turn
of the century, at the age of nine in
Wisconsin. What was going on was the
LaFollette revolution.
Her father was In the thick of it. r.
vine L. Lenroot, born Of immigrant
Swedish parents, was one Of the young
Progressives in the Republican Party in
Wisconsin whose responsive surge made
Robert M. LaFollette Governor and then
United States Senator.
She heard the play-by-play account of
those events at the family dinner table
in Superior. the city that almost shares
with Duluth the position at the head
of the Great Lakes.
Miss Lenroot is not all Swedish, al
though she has shown the marked traits
of the Scandinavian in her beauty and
strength. Her mothers name was
Clough. Welsh name that came West
from New York
Then Washington, for her father was
elected to Congress in the same cam
paign that put Taft in the White House.
He later became Senator. In those
automobiles days she especially re-
members the turnout of Mrs. Nelson w.
Aldrich, wife Of the Senator from Rhode
Island, splendid Victoria drawn by a
spanking team. She also remembers
picking wild flowers in the spring where
the Wardman Park Hotel now stands.
Then the University of Wisconsin
under John r. Commons. Prof. Com
mons, who wrote the basic literature Of
the American labor movement. used to
send his pupils to watch the legislature
in action-one advantage of having the
State university in the State capital.
When Katharine Lenroot emerged
from the university in 1912 it was an ex-
citing time for young woman college
graduate. 1t was clear that women were
not to be denied much longer Anna
Howard Shaw. Carrie Chapman Gait and
the beautiful Inez Mulholland were lead
ing the fight for woman suffrage.
But Miss Lenroot, like many young
women of the day, did not wait for the
vote. Wisconsin, spanked by Commons,
was about to put minimum wage law
for women into effect-assuring them
$40 or $12 week Massachusetts, already
had such law. Her first job was with
the Wisconsin Industrial Commission,
working on cost-of-living surveys for
the new law. 1t was at that time that
Evening star., 1951-07-10

Frances Perkins was directing a survey
Of New York factories to prevent
repetition of the Triangle ShirtwaiSt
Factory fire.
In 1915 Miss Lenroot took Federal
civil service examination and was ap-
pointed an investigator for the Chill
dren's Bureau. She has been there
ever since.
Yesterday in her office, surrounded by
pictures of Miss Perkins, Jane Addams,
Julia Lathrop. the first chief of the
bureau; Grace Abbott. the second miss
Lenroot Is the third: Lillian Wald of
the Henry Street Settlement and Flor
ence Kelley Of the Consumers League, she
told some Of the history Of the Office.
The Children's Bureau had its birth
when Miss Wald and Mrs. Kelley, both of
whom lived at the Henry Street Settle
ment in New York, sent President Theo-
dore Roosevelt letter suggesting that
the Federal Government should open an
Office that would give out information to
save lives of infants and children much
in the same way that the Agriculture
Department was advising farmers on
how to avoid the loss Of calves and pigs
No idea that sounded good was too
radical for Teddy, and he sent them a
wire: Sounds bully, come down and
We'll talk it over"
The campaign to get Congress to ap-
prove of the idea took six years. The
Federation of Women's Clubs, church
organizations and the National Com
Evening star., 1951-07-10
Their AIIeqionce Is to the Children

In denouncing a teachers strike which de-
layed the opening of schools in Oglesby, Illinois,
last fall, the National Education Association has
stressed principle that is of national Importance
in The field of public education. Stated simply,
1t is that teachers, being public servants, have
no inherent right" to strike. The NEA National
Commission for the Defense of Democracy
Through Education, which investigated the
Oglesby controversy, properly contended that
teachers owe primary allegiance to their pupils,
not to their professional or trade organizations
To s1destep this allegiance, even for short
period, is to manifest an responsibility that
tends to bring discredit upon teachers generally
The NEA commission made an exhaustive in
quiry into the Oglesby case at the request of the
Illinois Education Association. The dispute re-
volved around the failure of the city school board
to re-employ probationary teacher who was a
member of Local $50 of the American Federation
of Teachers (AFL). The teachers union induced
other union groups to come to the support of the
teacher Angry demonstrations ensued, during
which the teachers engaged in what they called
a work Stoppage." AS result, majority of
the board reversed their previous custer decision
and voted to re-employ the teacher in question.
TIE board members then resigned, explaining
later that they had reversed themselves because
they feared mob violence.
The commission found that the teachers
"work stoppage" was, in fact, strike "as that
term is generally understood by the public" The
reports stated: eff the profession is toAmaintain
Evening star., 1951-07-10
BY Charles E. TroceweN

hope that you can solve the mystery of
this Ito us) interesting newcomer.
"Yours very truly, H. F. H"
The pleasant creature described is
baby cowbird.
When it comes to bird personality,
there is none better.
Here is bird that believes that every
other living thing ought to feed it.
1t will spend days, even weeks, de-
manding that its foster parents feed
it, and then will select some mother
sparrow and stick with it, holding its
big mouth open for more and more food.
The young cowbird is not only good
looking. as are its parasite parents, but
it is an intriguing creature in its own
right, being both beautiful and inter-
esting, as our correspondent has dis
covered.
Really nothing can be held against it
for what its parents have done, or
rather, its mother did, in selecting the
nest of some other species in which to
lay its egg.
No doubt, from the cowbird viewpoint,
this is very clever trick and one which
pays off, as iar as the cowbirds are
concerned.
The foster mother, usually bird far
smaller than a cowbird, feeds the
largest and most vociferous haby-the
cowbird-f1rst and last and all the time
Out of the nest, the baby cowbird finds
life both interesting and zestful. He
spends his time letting others feed him,
as long as he can wangle it. then he
turns to rustling up his own grub, which
he can do very well, being most capable
bird, sure enough.
Evening star., 1951-07-10
Shirley Highway
L. Oumano.

For as long as can be remembered.
U. S. Highway No. has been the "serv-
ice entrance" to Washington from the
South. U. S. runs by the railroad yards.
past used car dumps, brickyards, ma
chine shops, truck filling stations. and
other commercial spots developed by
truck traffic
Now the trucks are roaring up and
down Shirley Highway as well. Shirley
Highway runs through apartments, past
schools, hospital, country club and the
homes of Oak Ridge, Ridge road, and
Army-Navy drive
Does it make sense to open Shirley to
trucks? Does it make sense to clutter
crowded paSsenger-car route with speed
ing six-Wheeled monsters? Does it make
sense to move the smell and the noise Of
one truck per minute. day and night.
from next to the railroad tracks to
fine residential area?
Every one near Shirley Highway, from
the Pentagon to Fort Belvoir, is affected
by this situation. The nearest people
will be driven out first, but when they are
replaced by cheap apartments, stores
and factories, another group farther
back will be driven out. You should start
protesting now to the United States Bu-
reau of Public Roads and to the Vir-
ginia Highway Department.
Parkfairfax Resident.
Evening star., 1951-07-10
Not the Way to Get Acheson'

House Republicans may be able to muster
the votes to cut off Secretary Achesons salary
and as a sort of by-product Of the same opera
tion to cut of the salary of John Foster Dulles
and twoscore or more officials of the State
Department.
This is the purpose of the amendment
proposed by Representative John Phillips of
California. The amendment would forbid paying
any State Department employe who, within the
past five years, was associated with law firm
that had any dealings with foreign government.
If the House adopts the amendment, which
Mr.. Phillips plans to offer for incorporation in
the State Department appropriation bill, 1t would
amount as practical matter, to little more than
a gesture For it is improbable that the Senate
would concur and it is certain that the President
would refuse to sign bill containing such an
amendment.
Mr. Acheson and his colleagues, moreover,
would not be the chief victims of the amend
ment's provisions. The Republicans are very apt
to be among the chief victims. Their support
of such move would demonstrate reckless
and irresponsible disregard for the public welfare
apt to prejudice their efforts in 1852 to regain
control of the Government. The people of this
country would also be the victims for they would
witness an immoral action by the House OF
Representatives in its defiance of government
under law.
The amendment itself is based on the prin-
ciple of "bill of attainder" or ex-post 1acto
law, specifically forbidden in the Constitution
In being members of law firms which represented
foreign government before they went into Gov
ernment service Mr.. Acheson and others were
violating no law. But the effect of the amend
ment is to enact a law and to reach back into
the past before its enactment, to punish without
hearing or trial those alleged to have violated
it. Should the House Of Representatives, seeking
to make more political capital out Of Mr.eAche-
sons unpopularity, violate one OF the cardnai
provisions of the Constitution designed to protect
freedom of the individual the effect is bound TO
be demoralizing and to invite loss OF commence
in the integrity of the peoples representatives
The proper method to get rid of Mr.. Acheson
under the law of the land is to impeach nm.
That, the Republicans know, is out OF the ques-
ton. Another remedy is to get rid of Mr.. Truman
In a fair and free election. That might oe
possible, although support of the Phillips amend
ment by Republicans would tend to make II
improbable.
Evening star., 1951-07-10
This and That

avidly, not moving more than few
inches from us the whole time.
"It then took turn around the
garden after insects and once or twice
it flew about a foot from the ground
after insects on the wing.A q
EFT remained in the garden, never
far from us, for the whole afternoon
and few off toward dusk to an open
piece Of ground nearby.
"It flies quite strongly and keeps
fairly near the ground in fight.
ION Monday morning the bird was
back.
ut came to the back porch, right up
other feed of sunfower seed.
MY wife said that during the day
it came regularly, roughly about each
hour, and between times either squatted
in the sun, sometimes putting its head
under its wing, or wandering around the
garden or sampled the water in the bird
bath.
"It does not seem scared of other
birds nor do they bother it.
This evening it was back in the gar
den and as ! went out the front step
it few straight over to me and re-
manned on the step about foot away.
Again it had its sunflower seeds and
during the day it has followed much
the same routine as yesterday. coming
regularly to the back porch. Today it
sampled some bread.
1T is so fearless that got movie
at 8 feet distance.
Il have gone into somssdetail in the
Evening star., 1951-07-10
"FoRTY-FOURTH STREET

Dear Sir:
"A young bird, which my wife and I
cannot identify, has recently adopted us.
"It is a little smaller than a mock
ingbird, but with shorter tail, held
low, of two feathers slightly forked.
"The wings are brown, folded back
over the base of the tail like robins.
The wing feathers have an edging OF
fawn.
Breast is mottled gray and fawn,
giving almost spotted appearance, and
the head has similar effect, though
darker, and shading to the brown OF the
back.
Short black beak, black eyes with
no rims, shortish black legs with de-
cided spur-like claw.
1.-THE head and eyes give an almost
owlish look 1t walks, not hops, after
the style of a starting.
"We first noticed the bird on Sunday
hunting through our grass as If for
insects.
"It came right up to me without fear
and when I moved away 1t Immediately
followed us to the front porch, almost
running to keep pace.
"It stayed on the porch within foot
of us while we tried feeding it raisins,
cake crumbs, chopped meat and bacon,
but it refused them all.
'1 then noticed it trying to crack a
sunf1ower seed that the cardinals had
missed, but its beak did not seem strong
enough.
1--WE then shelled batch Of sunf1ower
. seeds and it took the soft inneA part
Evening star., 1951-07-10
Advisory Group on Schools

Washington schools would profit i'm
measurably by a citizens school ad-
visory group. 1t is commendable that
the suggestion has come from the preSi-
dent of our School Board, Melvin
Sharpe.
Describing the experiences of citizens
school groups in other communities.
Roy E. Larsen, chairman Of the Ma
tional Citizens Commission for Public
Schools, stated in recent speech:
when such community action de-
velops, something new and good Is al
ready working to strengthen the life
of that community. 1t does not await
the passage of bond issue or the con-
struction of q new school plant. The
spirit of the community has already
been lifted something good has
happened there is a new sense OF
pride, of heightened community respect"
Experience has shown, however, that
three criteria must be met If community
action for & good school system is to be
successful: Cd The citizens organiZa-
ton must represent all elements Of the
community, business, labor, all religious
and rectal elements, all civic. cultural
and political organizations; co the
personal prejudice to serve the needs OF
all children as individuals and the COM
munity as a whole; 60 the organiza-
ton should be independent of, but
work in close cooperation with, ad
ministrators, teachers and the School
Board.
Washington has many citizens who
could meet these qualifications. But 1t
would require group Of hardy souls
indeed who could accept this challenge
in city literally torn apart by persons
with special axes to grind. The be-
havior of our own School Board too
often reflects this emotional contrary
approach to our local school problems.
Should the citizens group be formed.
it is imperative that the interested citi-
zens put aside at the outset their
various and individual prejudices. "The
Evening star., 1951-07-10
On Cutting the District Bill

If the Senate gets around to the District
appropriation bill this week there are two points
that should be made clear in debate
One is that the only Federal money in this
bill is the So-called lump sum, which is supposed
to represent payment to the District by the
Federal Government in lieu of taxes for services
rendered and other considerations in connection
with the fact that washington is the seat of
Government The lump sum was fixed at $12
million in 1916, when Congress was writing new
tax law for the District. One million dollars was
designated as payment to the District for water
consumed by the Federal Government although
the cost of this water is now about 81 200 900.
Eleven million dollars was supposed to represent
the Federal Governments share of the general
running expenses of the District government.
The House applied 10 per cent cut, the effect
being to reduce the Federal contribution to 1913
million. The cut was not based on any reductions
in the amount of services supplied to the Federal
Government. 1t was an arbitrary repudiation OF
10 per cent of the Federal Governments obliga-
ton. This 10 per cent cut should be restored
by the Senate. It is an immoral act on the part
of the controlling Government to repudiate its
honest obligations.
The second point to be remembered is THAI
the balance of the District bill-over 80 per cent
of the funds involved-comes from local revenues.
1t would be most unwise to apply the Ferguson
amendment to this bill, calling for a 10 per cent
reduction of the amount recommended by the
Budget Bureau for municipal personnel For
there are certain departments-such as the as
SCISSORS and the tax collectors Office, the Health
Department, the Police and Fire Departments,
the public schools, etc.-which cannot absorb this
cut without loss of essential community services.
If there is to be any cutting of the bill on
the floor of the Senate the cut should be selective.
No cut should be made without serious considera-
ton Of its effects and estimate of those effects
is available for study in the printed hearings
on the bill.
Evening star., 1951-07-10
The St. Lawrence Seowoy

The House Public Works Committee which
will vote on the ST. Lawrence Seaway tomorrow,
has had one-third change of membership since
it refused to approve the SeaWay in the last
Congress.
Observers who have witnessed the Seaway
fight for more than a generation say it is toss
up whether the committee will approve it or vote
it down.
Every President, Republican and Democrat
since Harding, has been for the Seaway. It's
legislative history has been remarkable ex-
ample of how an interested and vigorous minor
ity can defeat the national purpose. The oppo-
nents have been eastern railways and eastern
ports.
But now powerful economic interest is for
the Seaway The M. A. Hanna Co. OF Cleveland
has enlisted five of the little steel" companies
in its development of Labrador ore. They are
National Armco (American Rolling Mill Co..,
Wheeling Republic, and Youngstown Sheet &
Tube Insurance companies have agreed to lend
them $100 million. With Junior securities hnanc-
ing of 1925 million has been arranged. 1t will
be expended to get the ore to the st. Lawrence
by building railroad 365 miles long and steam
ers to carry it from there. First shipments are
scheduled for 1855.
The Hanna Co. says it will ship at least 10
million tons year up the st. Lawrence with the
Seaway and be limited to about million tons in
that direction without it. The steel mills along
the Great Lakes want the ore for the Mesabi
range in Minnesota can never again be expected
to quadrupe it's production it did in World
War II.
The Seaway was first proposed to ship
American and Canadian grain to Europe and to
obtain electricity from the st. Lawrence Rapids.
This unexpected cargo in the other direction may
tip the scales in its favor.
Evening star., 1951-07-10
Union Investment

For years, labor organizations have
been condemning greedy interests for
failing to build low-cost housing and
also for building apartments allegedly
unsuitable for rearing families.
1t is interesting, therefore, to note
that huge pine-story, S.. .000, 900 apart
ment house Is being built in Washing
ton by the international Brotherhood of
Electrical Workers, American Fedora
ton of Labor.
It is being built by the IBEW as an
investment. Eighty per cent of the units
will be those oft-maligned efficiency
apartments-one room with combined
bath and dressing room. The rent? About
$50 a month.
Yet this is the same crowd, the AFI.,
the CIO and all the rest, who have been
crying, moaning and protesting-suc-
cessfully, too, votes being what they
are-for the past 10 years when small
landlords, people with one or two rental
units and dependent upon them to eke
out living, have been trying to get
a fair adjustment on the basis of in
creased living costs.
The IBEW is investing $4,000, ,000-
Evening star., 1951-07-10
Reoping

Toll and priuation long haze been his
lot,
But he has tathered seven sons. U1lo no,D
Vie With each other for the privilege
OF giving him the comfort he describes
In his late years. They cannot under
stand
Why he stays on the shabby. wornout
farm.
Too old for actiue farming, he rents out
The stone-StreWn pasture and the bot
tom land
Along the creek. But he reserves the
house
And barns. although he has small need
OF them.
He says the pigeons HUing in the loft
Must not be homeless. and he does not
WGnt
A modern tractor in the shed that once
Sheltered old Ben and Bess. His memo
rieS
Comprise abundant harvest OF their
Shall not men surely reap as they haue
SCUM?
Billy Cooper. .
Evening star., 1951-07-10

the respect OF the general public 1t must be clear
that teachers give their first loyalty to the chill
dren and not to any organization of teachers,
union or non-union, to say nothing OF non
education organization with which they are al
filiated :. Obviously no citizen should conduct
himself so as to cause any public official to
believe that his action on a public question is
being forced by threat of violence" That is
sound doctrine for teachers not only in Oglesby
but everywhere else.
Evening star., 1951-07-10
Operation Pocketbook'

Regarding the letter from Herbie
Zoster should like to have him know
that am in deepest sympathy so far as
psychoanalysts are concerned.
Recently took some advice from one
of our Washington psychiatrists-advice
which turned out to be completely wrong
tas several other doctors will testify
and which cost me over $500. Then.
at the end of the month, this guy had
the nerve to send me bill for is bucks.
Joe M. Baker, Jr.
Mayo. Md,
Evening star., 1951-07-10
BY THE HAsK1N SERVICE.


@. Is the map by Waldseemuller, which
was the first to bear the name America,
still in existence?-G. K. H.
A. The only known example Of Wald-
seemuller's global map (St. Die, 1500
in existence is the property of FRANK
Josef II. reigning prince of Lechten-
stein. Although offered at auction last
year it was not sold.
@. Is it a good practice to soak the
ground in which tomato plants are to
be set?-R. !. D.
A. Soaking the ground before setting
a starter solution consisting of about
three tablespoons Of fertilizer in gallon
of water helps the plants to pick up
quickly.
O. Is the Declaration of Independence
that is on display in the Library of Con-
gress under guard continuously?-E E. s
A. The shrine is guarded in three
shifts for each 24-hour day.
@. How many people in the United
States are afflicted with mental dis
eases?-G. F. P.
A. About 8 II million have nervous or
mental disorders, according to the
American PSychiatric Association. In
1949, the last year for which figures are
available, million mental patients were
treated in institutions. About 10000
new mental patients a year are ad-
mitted to State hospitals.