davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1951-10-12
RICHARD P4TTEE

Some weeks
ago this col
Il m II called
attention 10 a
rem a r k a bl c
body that goes
by the name
of the Scottish
League for Eu
ropean Free
d 0 m A n d
whose major
purpose is TO
introduce some
element of san
ity into the
general hVSter-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1951-10-12

Pulpit a n d
plocliun agree
Oh this: that
Conmu nists
show greater
zeal in for
warding their
evil philosophy
than we who
have Truth h
and Love and
Life emblazon-
ed on our bar.
nerS. But the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1951-10-12
The Soviet Mind

ance of Central Europe for the
world revolution - and this il
merely another way of saving
Germany - Lenin and his sue
cessors foretold with singular
clarity the methods they propos.
ed TO use. And these methods
neither we're nor are those of
actual, open, declared warfare.
Lenin insisted long and eloquent
ly on the necessity of following
a sound strategy, that consists
Of postponing operations until
the moral disintegration of the
enemy renders the delivery of
the moral blow both easy and
possible -
The whole aim of the Soviet
technique as revealed in every
bit of Marxist writing is to per-
suade the enemy to change his
mind, not by force of arms. if it
can be avoided, but by the force
o ideas. And since the essence
Of the struggle is one of ideas,
it can hardly be repeated too
frequently that the potentiali-
ties of the West in this regard
are almost infinite. The fact that
the Soviet Union fears the in.
fluence of western civilization as
much, If not more, than does the
West the impact of communism,
opens up interesting possibili-
ties that have scarcely begun to
be exploited.
General Fuller has some very
specific remarks to make about
the fumbling, inconsequential
efforts of the West to meet the
challenge. Neither diplomatic
Maginot> lines such as the Allan
tic Pact nor mere economic aid
will serve the purpose. There
are certain realities that cannot
be disregarded and that are bss-
ic to any conception of future
stability and peace. Three may
be suggested:
/. Western economic and po-
litic reconstruction is impossible
as long as communist mass move
ments under Soviet guidance
can thrive within the western
nations.
2 European economic recov-
cry is impossible as long as az
ricultural Eastern Europe is sew
cred from Western.
g. Until Eastern and Western
Europe are united there can be
neither economic nor political
stability.
Total Revision Needed
The realization of a policy
that envisages the ultimate with
draWal of the Soviet tide from
Eastern Europe demands, quite
obviously total revision of the
present policy of containment
and temporizlng. To achieve the
first of the three purposes listed
above, each nation must SUI
press and eliminate the existing
communist party since, in a cold
war, the presence of such force
is as inimical to national inter-
ests as organized Nazis during
the last conflict. To achieve the
second and third points, a re-
militarized Germany, full Span
ish participation and the clear
differentiation between funda-
mental and secondary objectives
have to be established.
There is precious little indica-
tion to date of any such inten-
ton, and especially is the whole
policy toward occupied Europe
far too vague and hesitant. The
positive, deliberate effort to play
on the national hopes and aspir-
ations not only of the satellites
but of the component peoples of
the Soviet Union, is a phase of
the moral war against the Soviet
Union that has been relatively
little explored.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1951-10-12
Forty Hours Devotion

Week Of Oct l5.7i
ST. Mary MagdaIene'$ church,
Columbus
Holy Trinity church, Somerset
81. Mary's church, Delawars
Evening star., 1951-08-12

Schuman was approached next. His
answer was brief: No. The fourth
choice was Rene Mayer. another Radi-
cal and former minister of justice.
Mr.. Mayer spent a week in drafting
political program-and then failed
to get the necessary parliamentary
vote Of confidence.
Cancellation by PIeven
George Bidault, former premier,
like Mr.. Schuman member of the
Catholic Popular Republican Move
ment. became the next political sacri-
flee. He survived the firing line for
one day. Then aging Paul Reynaud.
political veteran and premier when
France capitulated to Germany in
1910, emulated Mr.. Bidault in fight
ing one-day battle before admitting
defeat After a three-week ordeal
Of trial and failure. the French gov
ernment ceased to exist as a policy
making executive agency on July 10.
Last week, however, the outlook
grew little brighter when Mr.. Pleven
adopted conciliatory attitude in the
French Assembly In his bid for con-
firmation, he neatly sidestepped the
Evening star., 1951-08-12

contending that such program would
stimulate French imitation
With these issues in fiery debate,
French President Vincent Auriol-
perhaps the most secure figure in the
dispute since his seven-year term will
not expire until 1954-struggled to
select new premier. Under the
French constitution. the president,
who is selected by Parliament, is
charged with naming a new chief of
state acceptable to the legislative
body.
Middle Porties Split
Mr.. Auriol's prospects appeared
hopeless from the start. The middle
of-the-road parties, which united in
the election to defeat the DeGaullists
on the right and the Communists on
the left, were torn apart on the two
major issues.
The first choice for new premier
was Henrie Queuille, the Radical, ST.
year-old retiring chief of government.
Mr.. Queuille played it safe and re-
spectfully declined the honor by
pleading poor health. President
Auriol then tapped an Independent.
Maurice Petsche, outgoing minister
Evening star., 1951-08-12
By George Fielding Eliot

This reporter recently expressed
the opinion that there is no big inter-
service fight in prospect over the
proposed increase in the Air Force.
The reason for this view is that the
Army and Navy have come to realize
that a substantial boost in the size
and immediate readiness of the Air
Force is essential because of the
Soviet air buildup and Soviet progress
in the design of aircraft-the latter
exemplif1ed by the performance of
the Soviet MIG-15 jet fighter In
Korea.
Despite a lot of talk, I'm still of
the opinion that the Army and Navy
will go along with the idea of a
bigger Air Force. Neither of them
can hope to do their jobs in war with
the air over their heads dominated
by the enemy.
Nevertheless there is a row build
ing up of somewhat different kind.
Partly it may be an Army-Air
Force argument. Partly it is likely
to be within the Air Force itself. The
focus of argument won't be whether
or not the Air Force should be bigger.
1t will be, rather, what kind of addi-
tlonal air power is to be provided.
Vinson Coils for l63 Wings
Chairman Vinson of the House
Armed Services Committee, legis-
lator with much experience of de-
tense problems, has come out for q
boost from the current 95-wing pro-
gram to one calling for 1853 wings.
That's quite jump-a little more
than 10 per cent.
In this force, there would be
l38 combat wings and Is troop
carrier wings. In the present 95-
group program there are 80 combat
wings and Is troop-carrier wings.
Combat wings include heavy. me-
dium and light bombardment wings.
hghter-bomber and fighter Inter
ceptor wings, and strategical and
tactical reconnaissance wings.
The Army sees in an increased Air
Force primarily better air cover and
air support for its ground forces and
those OF our allies. 1t feels that this
tactical air power has been neglected
by the Air Force in favor of strategic
bombing. and it points to Korean
experience to bolster this view So
If the number of combat wings in the
Air Force is going up from 80 to 1876,
the Army would like a large pro-
portion of the additional So wings to
be fighters or light bombers. Some
Army officers go even further and
say that some of these wings should
be equipped with planes specially
designed for >close-support operations.
The Air Force Is house divided
against itself on the first of these
Army points: That much of the
proposed increase should be in tao
Evening star., 1951-08-12

signed primarily for close support.
The first duty of any tactical air.
craft is to be able to live in the
air when attacked by enemy air.
craft. Air combat capabilities must
be built in. and the Air Force is
united in insisting that until the
air battle has been won there can
be very little close support or isola-
tion Of the battlefield. To set aside
large proportion Of our tactical
aircraft for other duties would simply
be to load the dice against us in
the air battle. The Air Force points
out that Korean experience is mis-
leading in this respect, since the
enemy has never contested control
OF the air over Korean battlefields.
1t would be different, they say-and
with reason-if we were fighting the
Soviet Union.
These are points of which we shall
hear more as discussion of the de-
fense budget goes on.
(copyright, 1851, General Features Corp
Evening star., 1951-08-12
.onpoWer
Smart Planning Should
Avoid q Real SHORTAGE
BY Mary McGrory

II every man-and Woman-is
made to count. then the gigantic
manpower needs required to bring
our defense production effort to con-
cert pitch can be met. Even with an
additional work force of As million
foreseen by the end of 1852, mobiliza-
ton experts are hopeful that the Job
can be done without any immediate
Nationwide increase in the 40-hour
work week-and almost certainly
without a draft of labor.
This cheerful state of affairs will
not just come about in the nature of
things. 1t will require highly intelli-
gent planning all along the line,
starting with the Manpower Division
of the Office of Defense Mobilization.
The military must make judicious
deferments of skilled and professional
workers both actual and potential.
Employers will have to be sure that
round pegs go in round holes. And
Uncle Sam must make it his business
to see that every one who could pos
sibly take his place on the assembly
lines gets tap on the shoulder.
This means digging into reserves
of women. elderly workers and handi-
capped persons.
Bottleneck Is Machine Tools
AS factories tune UP for the big
preparedness program push, it is the
problem of materials. not manpower,
that has the experts walking the
floor.
AS matter of fact, no less a per-
son than Defense Mobilizer Charles
E. Wilson said recently: There is at
the present time no evidence of a
general Nationwide manpoWer
shortage"
There are, to be sure, certain areas
and certain professions where the
pinch is already being felt. Geo.
graphically, San Diego, Wichita.
Hartford, Rock Island, Indianapolis
and the Savannah River district (site
of the new H-bomb plant) have not
been able to muster a full compile
ment of workingmen. And in the
skilled trades, and in scientific, tech
nical and engineering personnel.
some thin spots are apparent.
OF the last-named, engineering is
the hardest hit. This June, for in
stance, industry, Government and the
fields of education could have used
Evening star., 1951-08-12
old Winnie, at IT. Would Like to Be Prime Minister Again

economic controls over prices and
distribution.
None has said how rearmament and
vital exports can be maintained with
out some government direction Of an
economy that is too weak to do these
jobs spontaneously and without strain.
Each change of economic policy in
wolves robbing Peter to pay Paul. So
it is highly likely that Conservative
many of the measures installed by
the Labor government. One positive
thing the Tories have pledged-they
would promptly repeal the act putting
the steel industry under state own
ership
They probably would reorganize
the structure of some of the boards
that administer other state-owned
enterprises, which Tories say are
controlled too tightly from London
without enough authority reposing in
on-the-spot directors.
Eden Still in the Picture
Besides Churchill, Tory cabinet
would certainly contain Anthony
Eden. either in his wartime role as
Foreign Secretary, or as Deputy
Prime Minister and heir to Church.
ills party leadership.
It probably would contain David
Eccles, perhaps as Chancellor of the
Exchequer: David Maxwell Fyfe,
lawyer and Nuremburg war criminal
prosecutor; Richard Austen Butler.
former Minister of Labor, and such
figures as Lord Salisbury, Brendan
Braeken, Richard K. Law and r. S.
Hudson. From Eden on down, many
of these men feel frustrated by
Churchill.
Old Winnie holds himself aloof
from many party councils. Eden is
a go-between, carrying ideas from
the shadow cabinet" to Churchill
and bringing the old mans Olympian
judgments back.
= Churchill's associates and Conser-
vative members of Parliament often
are surprised, and sometimes con-
fused, by the old man when he springs
up in Parliament, sticks out his lower
lip and delivers a policy hardly heard
of before
This often leads to hurried whis-
pered conferences on the Tory front
bench, to backtracking and to change
of line in middebate. 1t is a deac
giveaway that on some subjects there
is no settled policy.
That is at least one reason why
popular magazines have been writing
articles during the last two years
asking: rs Churchill the rock on
which the Conservatives hopes are
built-or the milestone around their
necks?"
ASSOCIATED Press
Evening star., 1951-08-12
UNIT Outlook
Youth Can Rest Easy;
It's Long Road Ahead
BY Quentin R. Mott

Whatever became of UNIT? The
answer is, it is still in the offing, but
its approach is very slow, and not
entirely sure. For the draft act
signed by President Truman on June
19-which laid the groundwork for
this unprecedented plan for univer-
sal training of our youth-alSo i'm
poses a few hurdles for the project.
AS matters stand now. the average
American male student between II
and Is need have no fears of being
snatched from his routine by UNIT.
Best opinion around the Pentagon
is that year or more will pass be-
fore the training program becomes
operative. Actually the boy stands a
far greater chance of being drafted
at 10, under the present selective
service setup.
The document that may change
the situation is now in preparation
at the Pentagon, where the five
members of the National Security
Training Commission set up by the
draft act are holding continuous
sessions in order to beat an October
29 deadline for their report on every
phase OF the whole question. Upon
completion the report must be acted
upon by Congress. But no matter
how prompt the commissioners are
combination of law and circum-
stances makes it highly improbable
that UNIT will be anything more
than paper program for some time
to come
Ihe reason is obvious. Though the
law provides for a UNIT report bv
October %, it allows CONGRESS- AZ
Gays OF continuous session before
committing itself on the report. IF
Congress adjourns in September a
delay is inevitable. If continuity of
sessions is interrupted after it re-
convenes there will be still further
delay.
Congress Sure to Go Along
There seems to be little doubt. how
ever. that Congress will okay the
report.
But the wealth Of detail involved
IN making the plan operative is a
matter OF serious consideration from
defense standpoint. 1t will take
time for the military establishment to
ready its facilities for trainees, adopt
necessary procedures and delegate
the tasks attendant upon this coun-
try's first attempt at universal train
ing.
The same new draft act that sets
Evening star., 1951-08-12

redeem the glory of John Bull; that
he believes Britain's greatest need is
, a revival Of the staggering. conf
dent spirit that made her great-and
that he is the man to inspire the re-
vival.
They say he would employ his gift
Of fiery oratory to stir the nation as
he did in the glum days after Dun
kerque and leave the detailed admin
istration to his lieutenants. The only
flaw in this reasoning, they say. is
the question of whether the old man
could restrain himself from prima
donna bursts of interference in the
administration of the Foreign Office
or the Treasury.
There is also the question of
whether the Tories are ready to rule,
Evening star., 1951-08-12
By Glenn WiIIioms

LONDON. - Winston Churchill
likes to note. in private conversa-
tionS, that William Gladstone be-
came British Prime Minister for the
last time when he was 83.
Churchill isn't quite that old, and
it's pretty plain "Old Winnie" is
serving clear notice that he aims
to run the British, government once
more.
He'll be n next November. If
British politics runs the course ex-
pected by many political observers,
Churchill may well celebrate that
birthday at 10 Downing street.
A general election is likely in the
next few months and conservative
victory is believed almost certain.
Some observers predict. the Tories
may win a majority as big as $50
in the 625-seat House of Commons.
Right now the political stream is
confusion of cross currents.
Prime Minister Clement Attlee's Sec
ond Socialist administration is handi-
capped by having only hairline con-
troll of the House. 1t is in constant
danger of having an election forced
on it through defeat on a major
policy issue.
Socialists Have Troubles
In the last year or so, the Con-
servatives have attacked the gov
ernment repeatedly and time after
time have narrowly missed unseat-
ing it. They charge the government
is fumbling and inept; that it has
neither the resolution nor the ability
to jerk the struggling country up
by its bootstrapS: that it doesn't
make policies but has policies forced
on it by events; that it governs by
controls which stif1e enterprise; and
that it's fair shares" program
means equal shares of less and less.
Lately the government also has run
afoul OF sharp criticism from its own
left wing, whose leading members
quit the ministry in outspoken re-
sentiment against the size of the arms
bill and its inroadS into the welfare
state.
This confusing situation fairly
screams for solution by an election
Favorite date of political pundits is
October. three and one-half years
before Attlee's term normally would
expire. If the election comes and
results in Tory victory, Winnie will
be Prime Minister again. If he does,
what happens?
John Bull Redeemer
Tory parliamentary intimates Of
the "old man" believe he would take
little active part in running the gov
ernment. They say he regards him.
self as fate's chosen instrument to
Evening star., 1951-08-12
Air Issue Is Type, Not Size, of Force

tical aviation. During the immedi-
ate postwar years. when with linn
tied appropriations the Air Force
did tend to concentrate on the big
bomber to the detriment of other
types OF air power. the cult Of stra-
tegic bombing became strongly in
trenched, attracting to it many of
the best and most energetic officers.
Tactical air and air defense tended
to be second-class departments. To-
day, very strong views are enter
tained within the Air Force that if
there's to be big increase, the bulk
of 1t should go to the Strategic Air
Command. The proponents of tao
air are having somewhat more to
say as time goes on, however. even
though the dispute has already
brought about the retirement of one
of our greatest tactical air leaders,
Lieut.. Gen. Elwood R. Quesada.
But there is no difference of opin-
ion within the Air Force as to the
inadvisability of building planes de-
Evening star., 1951-08-12

up the basics for UNIT also takes
care of the size and character of the
armed forces. It sets a minimum
draft age at 1872, fixes the term Of
service at "a months and puts a
million man limit on the number in
the armed forces.
UNIT can't be put in effect unless
President Truman or Congress re-
duces the term of service and con-
sequently the size of the forces. UNIT
is contemplated as reserve pool, if
active forces do not need the man
power. Those being drafted now are
between 19 and 26. They are needed
to keep the armed services up to
around 3.5 million men, With q "a
months limit on service, there is going
to be big turnover year from now.
II UNIT were to start taking the 1S-
year-olds, it would dip into the man
power pool from which Selective
Service makes requirements.
There is also an unsettled ques-
ton Of what is to become of UNIT
candidates after the initial six
months basic training provided for
In the act. Pending before a special
House Armed Services subcommittee
1s bill to establish two lines of re-
serves. One would be a ready re-
serve and the other a standby reserve.
Depends on World Situation
UNIT intends to put the 18-year-
old tralnee into ready reserve when
he finishes basic provided he does
not go into active service. He would
remain in that status for three years
and then-provided world conditions
made it safe-could be placed in the
standby reserve. Ready reserves
could be called up on short notice
like the National Guard Standby
reserves could be called if the sit
uation became alarming. The UNIT
tralnee would remain in standby for
AZ years.
1t has already been established that
UNIT candidates will be handled by
draft boards and have the same
rights OF deferment and exemption
as draftable men. 1t would also bring
back the $30-a-month soldier. The
pay OF trainee would be $50 instead
OF the drafted soldiers $75 month,
There would be provision for allot-
ments and access to the educational
facilities of the armed services.
The commission is dealing with a
delicate matter and Congress knows
it. During the weeks OF debate on
the bill the Senate was deluged with
messages from parents of 18-year-
oldS opposed to compulsory training.
The affirmative action was influenced
somewhat by the argument that
UNIT placed an equal responsibility
on every youth of the Nation.
Congress, by requiring a report,
has reserved the right of further ex-
ploration Of the matter when it gets
around to act. at which time there
Is sure to be more argument.
With such safeguards erected to
prevent hasty action and all the
guarantees imposed to assure full
consideration, eventual adoption of
UNIT is still remote. The armed
services intend to call $4,000 in Sep
tember from the 1926 bracket. Some
more National Guard units are being
alerted. and indications are that
manpower needs of the services will
leave little prospect of reduction of
the size of the force. Until the time
comes when we do not need 3.5 to S
million men In uniform, UNIT can
not function. The wait-and-see atti-
tude has substantial reason for con-
tanuanee.
Evening star., 1951-08-12

welfare state, but would be unable to
cut it very much without inviting
political suicide for trimming this
highly popular program.
Churchill advocates private enter
prise and an end to economic con-
trolls, He also advocates putting a
floor under living standards. But he
has lately ceased to hold up Belgium
and the United States as examples for
the government to follow; Belgium's
postwar economic freedom has led to
unemployment and the United States
is extending increasing control over
its economy.
No Tory has yet said how a floor
can be maintained under living
standards without continuation of the
welfare state. rationing and other