davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Leslie W. Johnson, 43,
Foreign Service Official

Leslie w. johnson, 43, career
diplomat and an instructor at the
Foreign Service Institute here
died Saturday at the George
Washington University Hospital o1
Hodgkin's disease. He had beer
ill for the last six months.
He and his wife, the former
IWathena Myers resided here fol
the last three years. They livee
at 4416 Fourth road North, Al.
Ilington.
Mr.. johnson was born in Mime
apolis. After graduation from
the University of Minnesota ir
1880, he went Immediately into
the foreign service. He was sta.
toned at posts in Australia, New
Zealand. Honduras. Costa Rica
Bolivia, Gibraltar, Argentina ane
Peru.
Besides his widow, he leaves hi
mother, Mrs. Alma Johnson, fivt
brothers and three sisters, all O.
Minneapolis.
| Memorial services were to b.
held this afternoon at the I've
funeral home, 2847 Wilson boule
ward. Arlington. Burial will b.
Thursday In Minneapolis.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Greek King Urges
Coalition in Crisis
BY the Associated Pres.

ATHENS, Greece, July 2.-King
Paul appealed to all Greek politi-
cal leaders today to form a strong
coalition government to prepare
the country for September's cleo
tions.
Greece has been caught up in a
crisis brought about by the ques-
ton of raising the subsidy paid
Greek wheat farmers.
Premier Sophocles Venzelos
tried to resign yesterday because
ia compromise formula he worked
|out with the American ECA was
not acceptable to George Papan-
Idreou, minister of economic CO.
ordination. Mr.. Papandreou had
Threatened that he and his -four
supporters in the cabinet would
resign if the. compromise went
Through. He wants higher pay
Iment.
Mr.. Papandreou's stand was in
terpreted as a bid for the farm
vote in the forthcoming elections
He heads the Social Democrats,
who will be running against Mr.
IVenizelos' Liberals, although both
parties have served in the present
cabinet.
The king refused to accept Mr.
IVenizelos' resignation and today
Issued his appeal just as political
LEADERS met.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
R. Randolph Hicks,
Lawyer and Banker

R. Randolph Hicks, 81, lawyer
and banker in Virginia and New
York. died yesterday at his home
Poplar Springs Farm, Casanova
Fauquier County, Va. after a brief
illness.
He was one of the early direc-
tors of the Morris Plan system OF
banking and a member of promi-
Inent Virginia family. He was a
descendant of William Randolph
Virginia pioneer who died in 1890
and is buried in the ancestral
cemetery at Poplar Springs farm
Graduated from the University
of Virginia in 1892, he served in
the Virginia State Legislature in
1897-99.
Mr.. Hicks later practiced law in
Roanoke and Norfolk, where he
was member of the firm OF
Hicks, Morris, Garnett 81 Cotton
Later he became senior member
of the New York law firm of Sat-
terlee & Garfield.
He had been director of the At
lantic & Charlotte Airline Rail-
way. the Morris Plan Industrial
Bank and the Industrial Finance
Corp.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs
Rose Sutton Hicks of the Poplar
Springs Farm, two nieces and two
Inephews.
Funeral services will be held at
4 pm. tomorrow at the family
home. Poplar Springs Farm
Burial will be in the ancestral
cemetery on the farm.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Mrs. Rosa Paige Hayes,
Widow Of D. t. Geoloqist

Mrs. Rosa Paige Hayes. widow
of DR.. c. Willard Hayes, one time
chief geologist of the Geographical
Survey, died Saturday at hel
home. 1914 Connecticut avenue
NV, after a brief illness.
She was born in the District
and was a lifelong resident of
the city. Active in many women S
club activities here, she served
several terms as president of the
Washington Club.
Mrs. Hayes is survived by five
sons, Brig. Gen. Wolcott P. Hayes,
~. S. A. F. Tet) of Denver;
Oliver w. Hayes of Weston, Mass;
1t. Col. David w. Hayes of Fort
Sill. Okla; Sidney P. Hayes OF
Huntington, w. Va. and C. Will
lard Hayes of 6 East Lenox street
Chevy Chase, Md; three daugh-
ters, Mrs. Ellen Hayes Mitchell
OF Cambridge, Mass; Mrs. Mar
garet Hayes Hibbs of Wolfboro
N. H., and Mrs. Rose Hayes
Mathewson of Berlin, Germany
a sister, Miss Lide Paige of the
Highlands Apartments, 1914 Con-
necticut avenue NV. and two
brothers. Sidney Paige og Tenafly
N. j.. and Jason Paige of Glen
coe, III.
Private funeral services we're tc
be held this afternoon at GaWler's
funeral chapel. 1756 Pennsylvania
avenue NV.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Newsprint Price Boost
Into Effect
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK, July Am in
crease in neWsprint prices OF SIC
a ton is putting a squeeze on pub
fishers in the United States.
Canadian producers, who supply
more than 80 per cent of the
newsprint supply used in this
country, blamed freight rate in
creases and higher labor and pro.
duction costs for the increase
effective yesterday.
With supplies short and other
costs mounting. some American
publishers already have found il
necessary to increase the price
of daily newspapers.
For instance. the newsstand
price of the WatertoWn IN. "
Daily Times went from 5 to I
cents today and the home deliv-
cry rate increased from 5 to
cents daily. Mail subscriptions
also will be boosted.
At Providence, r. L, the Provi-
dence journal went up to S cents
a copy. It has been 4 cents since
January /, 1948. The Evening
Bulletin, under the same owner
has been 5 cents since March Is
1948.
Behind it all is the newsprint
price boost that brought the cost
close to the all-time high OF
$120. ...r
Prices of newsprint vary ac-
cording to location. but these
latest increases carried the New
York tag of $116 a ton and the
Canadian price to SIP plus 8
dominion tax of 10 per cent.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Wi|IiamE T. Porter Dies;
Public Relations Aide
For COP. Committee

William Ewing Porter, public
relations expert for the Repub-
lican National Committee, was
found dead in his room at the
Hotel Statler yesterday, appar-
emily of heart attack.
Mr.. Porter, Is, was one-time
salesman who turned to adver-
tiSing and politics in his native
State of Kentucky. His home
was at Bowling Green and he had
been a candidate for Governor and
other offices.
Friends said he recently had
been invited to appear on a tele-
vision show in Washington to
explain a scheme for a national
lottery as a revenue measure which
he had been advocating. He had
been in Washington since last
Monday.
A graduate of Kentucky Wes-
leyan, he entered the political field
in the 1930s. He advocated legal
izing a sweepstakes or lottery
based on the Kentucky Derby, to
pay old-age pensions and increase
teachers salaries. In later years
he suggested a legalized sweep
stakes as method of helping pay
a World War II soldiers bonus.
Mr.. Porter organized a Nationa,
Youth Congress in 1888 which ad-
vocated program. for young
Americans. This program was in
'corporated in the National Youth
Administration during President
Roosevelt's first administration.
He is survived by his widow ano
four children, a brother, David M
Porter, of Louisville, and his
mother, Mrs David Carson Porter
of Owensboro.
The body is to be returned tt
Bowling Green for burial.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Hershey Sees Possibility
OF Women Being Drafted

Selective Service Director Lewis
B. Hershey said yesterday that the
drafting of women is "conceiv-
able"
Speaking over Station WWDC
in an interview with Hazel Mar
ikel, Gen. Hershey said, 1T is con-
ceivable that women might be
drafted, and women should be
thinking about it. They would gel
a lot more done about survival"
He added, however, that he il
mot one of those who believes
that we should do very much
aff1rmatively about actually draft.
ing them"
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Tobin Says French Labor
Will Quit Reds in Crisis
BY the Assoeioied Press

PARIS, July 2.-Secretary Of
Labor Tobin said today he be-
lieves French labor will break
away from Communist leadership
in event of an international show
down.
Mr.. Tobin was asked at q news
conference whether the United
States was anxious about how
French labor might react in a
crisis. At least 10 per cent Of the
organized French workers are
Communicated.
Said Mr.. Tobin in reply:
The actions of French workers
in the last 18 months would indi-
cate that they Will act in the best
interests of their country and that
Communist leadership will not be
able to lead them into taking &C
tions that would be detrimental to
free France"
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Graham Arrives in India
To Aid in Kashmir Truce
BY the Assoeio'ed Press

NEW DELHI, India, July g.
United Nations Mediator Frank
Graham expressed confidence to-
day that he and his staff would
"be of assistance" to India and
Pakistan "in their own response
bilities for the settlement of the
complex problem" of Kashmir.
Mr.. Graham, former United
States Senator, arrived here by
plane from the Pakistan capital
Karachi. He was accompanied
by a five-man staff, including his
military adviser, Gen. Jacob L
Devers.
My mission to the Subcon-
tinent," Mr.. Graham said. "is ar
expression of one of the basic
purposes of the United Nations
the settlement of disputes between
nations through the peaceful pro-
cedures of negotiations. under.
standing and good will"
Evening star., 1951-07-02
World War ! Peace
Resolution Signed
30 Years Ago Today

AS the world awaited fur
ther developments in the
Korea cease-fre, an anniver-
sary passed virtually un-
noticed today.
Thirty years ago, on July 2,
1921, President Harding signed
a joint resolution of Congress
declaring peace with Germany
and Austria. The shooting
had ceased November II, 1918,
and a peace treaty finally was
ratified by the Senate october
18, 1921.
Evening star., 1951-07-02

c e e ding g DR..
William M. Bal
linger.
DR.. Co5ten-
bader Is a spe-
lcialist in child
10 phthalmo
beginning h is
practice in 1882
at the Episco-
pal Eye, Ear
and T h 70 a t
Hospital here.
He received his
medical degree
from the Uni
Iversity of Vir-
Evening star., 1951-07-02

A veteran of 30 years of Ma
rine Corps service, he was ap-
pointed assistant aide at the
White House during President
Hardings administration.
His last assignment here was al
Marine Corps Headquarters from
1941 to 1945.
A native of Washington. he re-
sided at Is Kalorama Circle NV
Col. Barry leaves his widow
the former Miss Neville Johnson
son and four daughters.
Evening star., 1951-07-02

be held at 2
pm. tomorrow
in the National
Presbyt e ria n
Church, Eigh-
teenth and N
S t re e t S NV.
Private burial
will be in Ar
lington Gene
terry.
Col. B AIRY,
63. died in
Johns Hopkins
Hospital, Bal
timore, a t t e +
an illness of
Evening star., 1951-07-02

Iginia in 1929. after graduating
from Hampden-Sydney College.
Other physicians installed yes
terday were DR.. Ross Morris and
DR.. Esther A. Nathanson, vice
presidents.
DR.. Ballinger became member
of the executive board, along with
DR.. Wallace M. Yater.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Sharpe Again Heads
Board Of Education;
Lee Also Reelected

Z. Melvin Sharpe was reelected
president and Adelbert w. Lee
vice president of the Board Of
Education today without opposi-
ton.
Although no other candidates
were nominated for the boards
two elective positions, the vote was
not unanimous.
After Mr.. Sharpe was nomi-
mated, his election by acclimation
was called for, but DR.. James A.
Cannon objected. He said he felt
"a secret written ballot should be
cast in accordance with the rules
of the board, adding:
II don't think the secretary can
cast a unanimous ballot when it's
not going to be unanimous"
81 for Sharpe.
So the ballot was cast and the
vote stood eight in favor Of Mr..
Sharpe and one against him.
Mr.. Sharpe then thanked the
board for expressing confidence in
him by remaining him president.
Obviously piqued by DR.. Gannon's
statements, Mr.. Sharpe COM
mented that he regretted matters
were beginning ION an unpleasant
note"
Dr.. Cannon retorted that it was
nothing unpleasant" but a regu-
lar procedure of the board to cast
ballots.
IL for Lee.
The vote in Mr.. Lees election
was seven in favor and one OPP
posed. One member did not vote.
Before the election, two new
board members - Mrs. Arcadia
Near Philips. wife of a Washing
ton real estate man. and Wesley
is. Williams, colored attorney, were
sworn in and welcomed by Mr..
Sharpe.
Mrs. Philips replaced Mrs. Philip
Sidney Smith, who had served %
years on the board, while Mr..
Williams replaced Woolsey w.
Hall, who had been on the board
since last November filling an un-
expired term.
The board then went into a
lengthy debate on the contro-
versy over school Supt. Hobart.
M. Cornlngs plan to change the
boundary lines between the La
fayette and Murch elementary
schools. The matter was shunted
right back to DR.. Corning with
the board refusing to say whether
it approved his recommendation
and instructing him to make a
further study and to act.
If DR.. Corning desires, he may
bring the matter back to the board
at later date.
Six Speakers Heard.
The boundary change would
send more than 100 pupils from
the overcroWded Lafayette School
to the Murch School. Before the
board acted, it heard six speaker.
discussing the pros and cons.
Speaking in favor of shifting the
100 pupils to Murch were Ralph
Us. Roberts, president of the
Lafayette Home and School Asso-
citation; Mrs. Henry Gichner and
Milton D. Norman. Parents op-
posing the change were Mrs.
Henry Ator. Morris D. Schwartz
and l. w. Mendelsohn.
/ Concerning the equally contro-
verSial transfer of Langley Junior
High School from white to colored
students, voted by the board last
week, DR.. Corning said parents Of
the Langley students had asked
that their children be dispersed
to other junior highs rather than
be sent to Mckinley High School
as a unit. He added that plans
were being worked out to ac-
complish this and that the students
would be sent to the Taft. Stuart.
Jefferson and Mcfarland junior
lhioh schools
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Cecil Ball, Telegraph Editor
OF Herald Tribune
BY she Assoeioied Press

PORT WASHINGTON, N. Y.
July Cecil Ball. A, telegraph
editor of the New York Herald
Tribune. died yesterday at his
home of a heart attack.
A native of Houston. Tex, Mr.
Ball was graduate of the Uni
versity of Texas. His first news.
paper job was with the Daily
Texan in Austin. Later he was
"a copy editor for the Galveston
Daily News and the Fort Worth
Press.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
LARGEST New zeuIund Award

Rex Inesin Alley, a carpenter
whose back was broken in a fall.
won a verdict Of $30,8l4 damages,
the largest award ever made, 1t
is believed. under the New Zea-
land Employer Liability Act.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
DR.. Costenbader Installed
AS Medical Society Head

DR.. Frank D. Costenbader of
4649 Garfield street NV. yester-
day was installed as president of
the District Medical Society, sue
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Uarn nf ThankH

BARRETT, JOHN JACKl FRANCIS; The
family of the late JOHN (JACK) FRAN
CTS BARRETT wishes to thank their
many relatives and friends for their
kind thoughtfulness and sympathy dur
ing their recent bereavement.
THE FAMILY.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Col. David ). Barry's
Rites Tomorrow

Funeral services for Col David
S. Barry. U. S. M. c., retired, for
mer assistant White House mill
tary aide who died Saturday, will
Evening star., 1951-07-02

Cars and trucks stolen in New
South Wales, Australia, average
1900 a year.
Evening star., 1951-07-02
1tt Mrnturtunt

BEAN, ELIZABETH. In memory Of one
whose friendship I will always remember
ane ana cherish, ELIZABETH BEAN. who
ago today, July 2, 1947.
He who Gods will has borne and done,
What else he does, or has forgone,
40 -l11IGEs Helen En- NC MoNTGoMERY. VIC ld4.Sa' =.
NELLIE G. BELL, who VII se' passed away W ~Ha on,
year ago today, July 2, 1850.
They say time heals all sorrows
And helps us to forget,
But 1T! time csc, SO far has only proved
DAUGHTER, DORA A MILLER; SON
EDWARD j. BELL.
COPPER, BETTE E, In loving remem
brance of our precious mother anc
grandmother BETTE E. COPPER. wht
departed this life five years ago today
We can never FORGET, you. dear mother.
God only knows our feelings
HER DEVOTED CHILDREN AMI
GRANDCHILDREN.
LANKFORD. JOHN ANDERSON In cher
lshed memory OF devoted HUSBAND
and father, JOHN ANDERSON LANK
aoRP asd fodsg gh0 ay dfga5ted sas this life five
cHARLoTfTE j. LANKFeoRD AND JOSE
PHINE LANKFORD JOHNSON.
RUFFNER, LULA HOLMES. In memor
OF our mother and sister, LULA HOLMEi
RUFFNER, who passed away two year
ago today, July 2. 1949.
n.xGane Gone but not forgotten.
sANR@A4A, czMPsElL; soN-fN.IAN
Evening star., 1951-07-02
Loyal Lady Secretary.

me Nlneteenth street Baptist Church,
JAMES F. LEE w " p. DhNHi' w. M
EFFIE L. THOMPSON, Secretary.
195l; at Phillinpasb1rg. N. J., EFFIE
wife of the late Edgar B. Thomas, mother
Of Mrs. Florence Thomas Mcclure and
Mrs Helen Thomas Money; Services at
i4th st. NV, on Tuesday. 81 July 3, at 2
pm. Interment Glenwood Cemetery. 2
SAMUEL G.. Suddenly. on
Saturday. June. 80, 1861, SAMUEL 6.
THOMPSON, beloved husband of the late
Viola Watson. brother Of Elmer and
Mrs. Lille Young, Mrs. Lottie Price,
grandfather of. Mrs. Mildred Hale. Fu-
neral from ms iate y 95l iSth st.
tives and friends invited. 1nterment Cedar
Hill Cemetery. 2
THOMPSON, SAMUEL G. Members of
- ~ Triumph Council No. s, Daugh-
#; 5$$s .;::; Il / =:: +.
Attest: PEARL B. GOODMAN,
Recording Secretary.
TWIss. MABEL ALICE. On Monday, July
: 1851. at the home Of her sister. 2130
beloved sister Of Mrs. Frank c. STRAIT
Funeral services and interment private
Please omit flowers.
TXREE' 3dn5 ALBERI LBER On vTny vTThqyrsday; June 2s
FsFsr FFse Asd HSBEE SURVEYS Rsi0'bd Bs
daughters. four sons and other relative,
and friends. Friends may call from
to Il pm, Monday, July 2. at DOVE
Home 18th and Fla ave. NV. Fdnera
and interment private.
Evening star., 1951-07-02

SOhNSON, OhARLES ED"AhD. cuQQRnly
on Saturday, June 80. 1851. CHARLES
EDWARD JOHNSON Of 1852 25th st.
NV. He. leaves to mourn two sisters,
Mrs. Bell Yancy and Mrs. Dora Hill:
10 nieces, two nephews and a host of
relatives and friends. Friends may call
after pm. Monday, July 2, at the
above named funeral home Funeral
Tuesday. July 3. at 2 pm. from Moten S
Funeral home, Rev. Catlett ofdciating,
1nterment Woodlawn Cemetery.
LEE, RICHARD HARRY. On Monday. July
.. 1851, al his, residence. RID. ster-
loved brother of Robert and Evelyn
Lewis Lee. Mrs, Isador Blum, Mrs.
George Motlow and Mrs. Florence Lee
Fitzhugh and Mrs. Roland Wilkerson.
Friends may call at the Ives Funeral
Home, 2S47 Wilson blvd, Arlington, Va
Notice of funeral later.
LESTER, MARY ELIZABETH tMAMIE)
On Sunday. July l, 1851, MARY ELIZA
BETH LESTER. beloved wife of the late
A. D. Lester and mother of Mrs. Irene
Hicks, Mrs. Marie A. Castle. Mrs Edna
l. Hamilton, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Val
Lester. Friends may call at the Don
aldson Funeral Home; Laurel, Nd: Fu,
neral services from the First Methodist
Church of Laurel, Md, on Wednesday
July 4. at IL am. Interment Ivy Hill
Cemetery.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-06-07

defense Of the Key Deer. A con-
certed effort is now under way
TO set aside a suitable area as a
federal refuge for this handsome.
rare, andaeNeeedingly interesting
example Of the native wildlifc
that is a valuable heritage of this
land over, which we have taken
domination.
Many organizations, agencies,
and individuals have taken a
hand in this endeavor. The u. S.
Fish and Wildlifc Service has
provided effective warden patrol
and is prepared to administer the
proposed refuge. The Florida
Game and Fresh Water Fish
Commission, the Florida Wildlife
Federation, the Monroe County
Audubon Society, the National
Audubon Society, and a number
Of others are also Interested. AL
len Corson, Conservation Editor
Of the Miami Herald, put on a
campaign asking readers to ex-
press their views, and the re-
spouse was overwhelmingly in
favor of a federal refuge for the
Key Deer. Congressman Charles
+. Bennett of Jacksonville, dur
ing the last session of Congress.
introduced a bill-H.R. 7524-the
passage of which, along with
companion bill S. 1886, intro
duced by Senator Claude Pepper.
would authorize acquisition OF
needed lands within the Kew
Deer Range. The House bill
passed, but the Senate bill failed
TO survive committee considera-
ton It will be reintroduced in
the 82nd Congress
This tiny animal was native
Of the Keys for some thousands
of years before the arrival of
the white man. 1t is beautiful
creature, with gentle and APP
pealing character 1t is a living
and attractive part of the scenery,
more part of Florida than the
introduced flaningoS at Hialeah
race track or the lush hotels that
crowd Miami Beach. 1t belongs
If it is not provided for and pro-
tected from. ignorant and ire.
sronsible people who would
slaughter the last member of its
race, its passing will be on all
our heads Every conservation
list should make a personal effort
on behalf of this deserving and
seriously threatened animal
Write your representatives in
Congress urging them to support
the passage of a bill to provide
refuge for the Key Deer, Help
save this yRhishing Amerieanl
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-06-07
TOdays
anniversaries

I857-Samuel NJ. Crothers. cul-
tured Cambridge, Mass, clergy
man-editor, genial essayist. born
in Oswego, H. Died Nov. 9. 1927.
l863-Albert S. Burleson. Will
sons postmaSter-general, born in
san Marcos. Tex. Died Nov. 24.
1887.
l865-Edwin E. SIosson, chem
ist, popular author-lecturer On
scientific subjects, born in Al
bany, Kansas. Died Oct. IS. 1929
I866-Dana c. Munro, eminent
University of Wisconsin and
Princeton historian, born in Bris-
toll, r. I. Died Jan. ID. 1888.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-06-07
CROCODILE
FOSTER FAMILY

MELBOURNE. - (4). Two
young Ballarat sportsmen are
about to become 'foster-fathers'
to 20 man-eating crocodiles.
Bill Rowe and John Hutchin-
son brought the crocodile eggs
from Queensland. Four have al
ready Matched, others are crack
ing, e
Hutchinson said they would
take care ef the young crocodiles
in a special pool, with infra-recl
heating, keepvthem a few months,
then give them to ZOOS.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-06-07
Today's Horoscope

To-day gives fair opportunity for
success and there may be some
inheritance. The native is emo
tional and likes the good things of
life The intellectual powers may
not be particularly brilliant and
much labor will be needed to ac-
complish good results. Try to cult
vate energy of action and CON
serve the resources to the utmost.
The Nome nugget., 1951-11-14
Macarthur Turns Down Prohibition Party Ticket

INDIANAPOLIS, (P - Gen. Douglas Macarthur day turned down chance to head the Prohibition party's ticket for 1852.
 Asked if he were available for the party's nomination for presi- dent, party leaders said the gen. eral replied: "I am not candi- date for the office of president and have no political ambitions of any sort"
 On the other hand, a church leader made strong bid for the nomination as Prohibition party delegates opened their nominat- ing convention, but chances that he would get the nod were re- mote.
 That's what party chairman Gerald Overholt, Houston, Tex, had to say about the bid made by Bishop Homer A. Tomlinson, add ing:
 "It isn't likely we'll elect a man who is not a registered party member and carries no state dele gate credentials"
The Nome nugget., 1951-11-14
Originator of Yellow Fever Vaccine Dies

OAKLAND, Calif., (F1 - The scientist who developed the first successful vaccine against yellow fever died here Monday.
 Dr. Wilbur A. Sawyer, 72, de- veloped the vaccine in 1880 while head of the Rockefeller Founda- ton yellow fever laboratory in New York.
 His son Wilbur, then 10, was the first person innoculated.