davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-06

tions are, therefore, directly in
volved in this great conflict. I be-
lieve that never at any time in our
history were We ever confronted to
the same degree that we are today
with such a challenge to our very
existence. The atom bomb was un-
known when the espionage statute
was drafted. I emphasize this be-
cause we must realize that We are
dealing with missiles of destruction
which can wipe out millions Of
Americans.
The competitive advantage held
by the United States in super
weapons has put premium on the
services of new school of spies
the homegrown variety that places
allegiance to a foreign power be-
fore loyalty to the United States.
The punishment to be meted out
in this case must therefore serve
the maximum interest for the pre-
servation of our society against
these traitors in our midst.
Sentence of RosenbergS.
It is ironic that the very country
which these defendants betrayed
and sought to destroy placed every
safeguard around them for obtain
ing fair and impartial trial, a
trial which consumed three weeks
in this court. I recall the defend
ant Julius Rosenberg testifying
that our American system Of juris-
prudence met with his approval and
was preferred over Russian justice
Even the defendants realized-by
this admission-that this type OF
trial would not have been afforded
to them in Russia.
Certainly, to a Russian national
Evening star., 1951-04-06

accused of conspiracy to destroy
Russia not one day would have been
consumed in trial. Yet, they made
a choice of devoting themselves to-
the Russian theology of denial Of
God, denial of the sancity of the
individual and aggression against
freemen everywhere instead Of
serving the cause Of liberty and
freedom.
Your crime is worse than mur-
der. Plain deliberate contemplated
murder is dwarfed in magnitude by
comparison with the crime you have
committed. In committing the act
of murder, the criminals kills only
his victom. The immediate family
is brought to grief and when justice
is meted out the chapter is closed.
But in your case. I believe your
conduct in putting into the hands
of the Russions the A-bomb years
before our best scientists predicted
Russia would perfect the bomb has
already caused the Communist
aggression in Korea with the re-
sultant casualties exceeding $4,000
Americans and who knows but that
millions more of innocent people
may pay the price of your treason.
May Affect Course Of History.
Indeed, by your betrayal you un-
doubtedly have altered the course
of history to the disadvantage Of
our country. No one can say that
we do not live in a constant state
of tension. We have evidence of
your treachery all around us every
day-for the civilian defense activi-
ties throughout the Nation are
aimed at preparing us for an atom
bomb attack.
Nor can it be said in mitigation
of the offense that the power which
set the conspiracy in motion and
profited from it was not openly hos
tile to the United States at the
time of the conspiracy. If this was
your excuse then the error of your
ways in setting yourselves above
our constituted authorities and the
decision of those authorities not to
share the information with Russia
must now be obvious.
The defendants are American
citizens who proflted from our sys-
tenn of free higher education. I
additionally must assume that the
basic Marxist goal Of world revolu-
ton and the destruction Of capital
ism was well known to the defend
ants, If in fact not subscribed to by
them, when they passed what they
knew was this Nations most deadly
and closely guarded secret weapon
to Soviet agents.
Indeed the defendants Julius and
Ethel Rosenberg placed their de-
Ivotion to their cause above their
own personal safety and were con-
scious that they were sacrificing
their own children, should their
misdeeds be detected-all of which
Evening star., 1951-04-06
Radio Newsmen Are UrgedTo Find Truth and Spread Il

associations award for news COM
mentary among larger stations Of
Virginia.
DR.. Freeman received the award
at a banquet held at the National
Press Club. Calvin Robinson of
WWOL, Lynchburg. was granted
similar award for commentary
over stations with smaller daily
circulation as measured by the
Broadcast Measurement Bureau.
Miss Jean Lindsay of WCHV.
Charlottesville, received a special
award for the best cooperation
with the Associated Press in news
protection.
Evening star., 1951-04-06

did not deter them from pursuing
their court. Love for their cause
dominated their. lives-it was even
greater than their love for their
children.
Searched His Conscience.
What am about to do is not easy
for me. I have deliberated for
hours, days and nights. I have
carefully weighed the evidence.
Every nerve, every fiber of my body
has been taxed. I am just as
human as are the people who have
given me the power to, impose SEN
tence. I am convinced beyond any
doubt of your guilt. have searched
the records-I have searched my
conscience-to find some reason for
mercy-for it is only human to be
merciful and 1t is natural to try
Evening star., 1951-04-06
Three Destroyer Escorts
Handed to ItuIiuns
BY The Associated Press

TARANTO, Italy, April 6.-The
Italian navy yesterday received
three American destroyer escorts
and learned that more and bigger
ships are on the way.
Italy's whole fleet of SO ships
all that is left of what before the
war was the worlds sixth biggest
navy-turned out in formal re-
view to receive the three destroyer
escorts turned over by the United
States under arms aid.
American Ambassador James
Dunn told the fleets officers that
"other warships will follow"
Evening star., 1951-04-06
BY the Assoeiaisd Press

NEW YORK, April 6.-Here
Is the tert OF the statement By
i. Federal Judge IrUing r. Kaut-
man yesterday as he sentenced
to death Julius and Ethel Roseft-
berg. conuicted atom spies:
In view of the Importance of the
sentences am about to impose, Il
believe 1t is my duty to give some
explanation respecting them.
At the outset, would like to-
say few words about the law
under which these defendants are
about to be sentenced.
The law:
It provides for the following pun
iShment:
II the espionage or the conspiracy
to commit espionage Is committed
during time of war, the punishment
might be death, or imprisonment
for not more than 80 years. If the
espionage or conspiracy to COM
NIT espionage is committed at any
other time, the maximum punish
ment is Imprisonment for not more
than 20 years.
This section, under which the de-
PENDANTS were prosecuted and con-
victed, was enacted in 1917, at which
time the Russian international spy
ring did not present the threat to
all of US which it does now. To-
day, it is a well-organized, we'll
directed ring, with tentacles which
reach into the most vital places.
Asks Congress to Act.
The incongruent penal provisions
of the statute are spotlighted by the
20-year maximum imprisonment
provisions for commission of the
offense of espionage during peace
time. ask that some thought be
given to that for a moment, for
1t most likely means that even If
spies are successful in the year
1851 in delivering to Russia or any
foreign power our secrets concern
ing the newer type atom bombs or
even the H-bomb, the maximum
punishment that any court could
impose in that situation would be
20 years.
I, therefore, say that it is time
for Congress to re-examine the
penal provisions of the espionage
statutes.
In the case before me the con-
spiracy as alleged and proven COM
menced on or about June 6. 1914,
at which time the country was at
war. Overt acts were committed
during the period of actual hos
tilities. Therefore the maximum
penalty is death or Imprisonment
for not more than 80 years.
Espionage, as viewed here today,
does not reflect the courage of a
Nathan Hale, risking his life in
the service of his own country. It
Is rather sordid, dirty work
however idealistic are the rational
isms of the persons who engage in
it-with but one paramount theme,
the betrayal Of ones own country
Challenge to Existence Seen.
Citizens of this country who be-
tray their fellow countrymen can
be under none of the delusions
about the benignity of Soviet power
that they might have been prior
to World War II. The nature OF
Russian terrorism is now self evil
dent. Idealism as rational dis
solves.
The issue Of punishment In this
case is presented in unique frame
work of history. 1t is so difficult
to make people realize that this
country is engaged in a life and
death struggle with a completely
different system. This struggle is
not only manifested externally be-
tween these two great forces but
this case indicates quite clearly
that it also involves the employ
ment by the enemy of secret as
well as overt outspoken forces
among our own people.
All of our Democratic institu-
Evening star., 1951-04-06
By the Assoeiat.d Press

Morgan M. Beatty, commenta-
tor and news analyst for the Ma
tional Broadcasting Co., last night
urged radio station managers,
news editors and commentators to
determine the truth and give it
to the people.
Mr.. Beatty spoke at the semi
annual meeting of the Virginia
Associated Press Broadcasters. DR..
Douglas Southall Freeman, COM
mentator Of WRNL, Richmond,
and retired editor of the Rich
mond News Leader, received the
Evening star., 1951-10-12
Senate Fight Is Seen
lon Beck Nomination
|For Recorder Of Deeds
Bx Don S. Worren

A Senate floor fight apparently
is shaping up over President Tru-
mans nomination Of Earl Wayne
Beck, a Kansas City supporter
from the days Of the old Pender-
CAST machine. to be District re-
corder Of deeds.
A majority of members of the
Senate District Committee have
indicated. they will vote against
confirmation. fwy
confirmation. President Truman,
however, made it clear he had
no thought of withdrawing the
nomination.
When asked about it yesterday
at his press conference, the Presi-
dent said he thought there would
be further consideration by the
District COMMITTEES.
Spikes Withdrawal Request.
Earlier. there had been a pcs.
of committeeman on requesting
withdrawal, on the ground that
Mr.. Beck was not qualified. But
the idea died aborning because
the President squelched the idea
before the District Committee for
malized the business.
A check of some District Com
mittee members last night indi-
Gated a majority Of the 13-man
group was still convinced the
nominee was not qualified. A for
NAL vote Is yet to be taken.
Democratic members generally
withheld comment.
Senator Bennett Republican, of
Utah. expressed a thought known
to be held by a number of COM
mitteemen-that the $4,000 a year
Job should be given to a qualified
Washington resident. since the
District pays the salary.
d. C. Appointee Suggested.
II am happy to support the ira
dition that this job should go to
"a Negro" said Senator Bennett,
but I am opposed to Mr.. Beck
and hope that the President will
send up the name Of a qualified
resident Of the District"
An adverse vote by the Senate,
officials said. would be needed to
kill the Beck nomination. Mere
Evening star., 1951-10-12

failure Of the Senate District Com
mittee to confirm the nominee,
they said. would leave the door
open to a recess appointment
once this session Of Congress ends.
A recess appointment would be
subject to resubmission Of the
nomination within 40 days after
the new session opened next jan
uary 8. or by middle February.
In the absence Of rejection by the
Senate itself, experts suggested,
the recess nominee could continue
to serve to the end of the next
Of Congress.
Evening star., 1951-10-12
Livestock Show to Open

KANSAS CITY. Oct. IL R.-
The American Royal Livestock
and Horse Show "Opens tonight
with . coronation ball and
pageant. The event is a prelude
to an eight-day program Of cattle.
hog and sheep judging and daily
competition In horsemanship.
Evening star., 1951-10-12

MISS SEWER CLEANER-De-
trOit.-Gaylia Davis, named as
Miss Sewer Cleaner of 1852,
displays pipes as curvaceous as
any beauty queen. 'Tt may
be a soggy title but If it helps
my career I don't care" said
the 17-year-old brunette. Her
photo will be displayed at
sewer cleaner conventions
throughout the Nation.
-AP WirephOtO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09
A Permanent Secret Service

Ordinarily it would not be considered news
that the Secret Service is permanent agency
of the Federal Government. Indeed it was news
to most folks that it was not. That news came
with passage by Congress of legislation making
the 86-year-old investigative arm Of the Treasury
Department a continuing organization. It was
surprising to learn that the Secret Service has
existed all these years only under authority of
year-to-year appropriation acts.
The agency came into being as guardian
of the currency, a job which it has done with
such efficiency that no serious threat to the
Nations economy from counterfeiting of money
has materialzed The task at times has involved
great ingenuity and considerable danger. Later
the Secret Service took over the responsibility of
guarding the President and his immediate fam
lily, mission also well performed, as the recent
foray at Blair House proves. It is good, though
not really surprising, to know that the Secret
Service will be permanent fixture of the Fed
eral establishment. u,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09
This and That

A reader says, "It seems that our pets,
and also the larger domestic animals,
have so much more kindness, patience,
cheerfulness and wisdom than us
humans. Maybe it is just that as rule
it is easier to be good animal than
good person"
At times it is not easy for an animal
to be good" one, which is, Of course,
good from human viewpoint.
Hot weather upsets chem, for instance,
as much as it does humans. perhaps
more, since they are covered with fur.
The cat in it's furry suit, completely
encased, has natures nelp.
1t began shedding long before the hot
days set in.
Dogs often are clipped. but at times
this procedure may be questioned, since
it simply exposes them more to the bites
of insects.
Except for the ubiquitous flea, the cat
seldom gets bitten by insects. The cats
coat is not as thick in summer as 1t
looks.
The animal does not perspire through
its tongue. as the dog does. and so never
has its mouth open in hot weather.
That it suffers, however, is well known
to every household that has one around
On very hot days the domestic cat tries
to find cool place.
A favorite is the .leafy perennial bor-
der, and this reason must be accepted
as one of the best for having such a
border.
[ The house cat loves to lie there, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09
BY Charles E. TroceweN
Ex-Patient.

public in SO small container as bird
bath.
Sometimes cats will fish in lily pools
where there are goldfish, and dogs will
Chamber in if the pool is large enough.
In the latter case, they completely upset
pool conditions. rolling the water for
hours. A wire netting over such pools
is a good thing, not only to keep dogs
out, but also to prevent little children
from falling in.
Children three years old and under are
always in danger near lily pools. Many
tragedies have happened in such pools.
and this though the water was no deeper
than few inches.
Such pools constitute what the lawyers
call IAN attractive nuisance; that is,
they may be expected to attract children,
and no small child can understand the
danger he runs while playing at such
place.
II pool is screened. as it should be.
small level baths a few inches deep
should be placed not too far away, and
kept filled, so that wandering dogs,
squirrels and an occasional cat may have
access to water.
Old tortoises, wandering across the
yard, find shallow baths much to their
liking. They like to lie in them for a
time, with only the head sticking out,
an odd enough sight for any garden.
DOG days. also mean cat days, bird
days, turtle Rys.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09

be that nationa1istic passions have reached such
fever point that the Mossadegh government
may find 1t politically impossible to work out a
reasonable compromise with the British. Here is
factor that ought not to be minimized. Iranian
public opinion-not entirely without justification
seems militantly determined that Trans oil
riches benefit Iran more than in the past Britain
should respond accordingly; it should not be
stiffnecked; the realities plainly suggest that it
must yield considerable ground.
AS for the United States, it should fully ex-
pore the possibilities implicit in Mr.. Mossadegh's
recent hint that he would welcome formal
American mediation. Certainly this controversy
is so threatful to the free world that no effort
should be spared by any Western nation to pro-
mote an amicable settlement. Only the Kremlin
can gain otherwise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09

is probably as cool there in contact with
Mother Earth as any place else.
If not permitted out the cat seeks a
window sill, and likes to lie with the
stomach up and out.
In this position more air bathes the
creature.
The need for water is more acute with
the dog than the cat.
This is one of the best reasons for
having plenty of bird baths around a
yard.
These baths are inches deep, and
either sunk in the earth flush, or on ped
estals, either position being acceptable
to the feline population
Wandering dogs should have water at
all times.
Cats are different.
Not more than so per cent Of them
drink water at any time, either In sum-
mer or winter.
We have known some old cats that
never once tasted water, unless they
sneaked about it; as far as we knew, they
never touched the stuff.
Milk, cream, the liquid off salmon
these were as near as they got to water,
and very good it was, too, of course.
Some cats, on the other paw, drink
great deal. Usually such animals are
suffering from some sort of kidney all
ment. One "vet" said that practically
all domestic cats have some type Of
kidney trouble.
Neither dog nor cat will battle In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09
s241 Million iii Rubberized Paper.

and clothe the army; to buy powder,
guns and medical supplies.
In 1779. Congress tried to hold prices
by stopping the presses, but over $241
million had already been printed.
Congress vested George Washington
with power to commander whatever
provisions he needed if unable to buy
them at reasonable paper money prices.
at the same time requiring each State
to furnish quantities of food and sup
plies. But at this darkest hour, with
the country deluged by imitation and
paper money, the horizon began to glow.
Confidence In the ultimate victory of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09
World Court and Iran

The Iranian governments response to the
International Court of Justice greatly debates
the hope that the critical oil dispute with Britain
can be kept from drifting into situation that
could do irreparable harm to all parties con-
cerned.
In an effort to abate the crisis, the World
Court has called upon both the British and
Iranians to place their controversy in kind OF
frozen state, or state of suspended animation,
designed to make possible cooling-of period
in which a mutually satisfactory compromise
could be worked out To that end, during this
period, the court would place the countrys oil
operations under the supervision of hve-man
board consisting of two Britons two representa-
tives of Iran and member from some neutral
nation.
But the courts recommendation, although
promptly accepted by the British has been des-'
cribed as null and void" by Premier Mossadeghs
government. This negative position is based on
the contention that the court has no right to
intervene in a dispute involving sovereign
nation on the one hand and private business
enterprise on the other. In narrow technical
sense the contention is defensible, but the fact
remains that the government of Britain owns
more than half of the stock OF the former
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Accordingly as
practical matter, Mr. Mossadegh and his sup
pOTteTS SEEM W DC ICSOl 9uS w NV VI
hairsplitting when they insist that the contro-
versy does not involve two governing authorities,
but only one governing authority and a nom
official industrial organization
The attitude of the Mossadegh government
is all the more difficult to understand because
under the 1888 contract with the British COM
pany-a contract signed with the understanding
that it would remain in force until 1993-the
Iranians are committed to the principle of arbi
tration in event of serious differences between
themselves and the company. Moreover, they
have subscribed to the statute under which many
countries have agreed to accept the World
Courts Jurisdiction in disputes involving the in
depreciation and operation of treaties In the
circumstances, whatever the technical justifca-
ton for their view that this particular contro-
verSy is with private company and not with
another nation or government, they appear to
be on something much less than solid ground in
rejecting what the court has earnestly recon-
mended.
OF course. as indicated by the most recent
tiotine in Teheran, the fact of the matter may
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-07-09
Virqinio's Tax Refund

Virginia's State income taxpayers are faced
with what for most of them is undoubtedly the
happy prospect of 20 per cent rebate on their
payments for the past year. In round figures
this means that approximately $40 million will
go back to the taxpayers.
This comes about as result of a bill pushed
through the last Legislature by State Senator
Harry F. Byrd, jr, of Winchester His bill pro-
vided for graduated rebate after general fund
revenues pass a total of sos million and the
actual collections for the year Just ended
amounted to sos, 100000.
This. however, is a rosy picture with cloudy
lining In the first place, it is significant that
the push which sent the total over the SOS
million figure came from moved-up tax pay
ment by corporation doing business in the
State The policy-makers in this corporation
were not being altruistic. They wanted the
larger refund, and under the law they were en-
titled to it.. One Virginia corporation is estimated
to be in line for 100000 refund From the
States point of view however, that is not an
unnlixed blessing, for approximately $4,000 of
that will be handed over in income tax to the
Federal Government
Another fact to be kept in mind is that the
State of Virginia has never been reckless with
the dollars of its taxpayers. The Legislature
makes outright appropriations and what are
known as conditional appropriations other
words, appropriations that, become effective if
funds are available. Most of these will be
knocked in the head by the Byrd amendment.
AS Arlington's Senator Fenwick has pointed
out, the State provides $154 each per day for its
mental patients. This must cover food, clothing,
light heat and medical attention. 1t had been
hoped that this would be increased to $213 per
day, which would have permitted adequate care.
But with the rebate coming up, this hope
eVaporates.
Virginia is one of the Southern States with
segregated school system. Court decisions have
made it clear that Negro schools must be brought
to a condition Of substantial equality, but under
the philosophy of the Byrd amendment there will
never be a nickel available from tax revenues
for this purpose.
There are various other needs in an economy
minded State which should have been met, but
which now cannot be met. Despite increased
living costs, conditional appropriation of ST.,
100000 for public welfare must go by the boards.
An overdue increase in teachers salaries will not
be forthcoming. Capital expenditures, urgently
needed, cannot be made.
What this comes down to is that Virginia,
like the rest of the Nation, has felt the impact
of initiation One result is that revenues have
been greater than anticipated. But the cost Of
services which the State should provide also have
risen. And under the Byrd amendment, agree
able windfall though it Is to the taxpayers, the
increased cost of these needs cannot be met. 1t
seems clear that the next Legislature should
repeal the rebate law.