davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-26
David LoMence
Military Unable to Lift Voice
Stote Department Should Not Be Sole Maker Of Policies
Beurnq on Future Security and Safety of u S
David Lawrence:

Is anybody in the Government
really thinking about the over
all problems Of security Of the
United States? There is no law
on the statute books and no
agency Of the Government
which can give an answer to this
question and yet it concerns
vitality the safety of the Ameri-
can people against attack and
against defeat In war.
theoretically, it is the MILL
tary departments which have
the job Of protection-they have
the instrumentality-but actu-
ally today In America the mill
tary cannot make policy or
assure security.
theoretically, the civilian
authority" is responsible
there is no such institution in
Washington today which is con-
cerned exclusively with the task
Of safeguarding the security Of
the United States.
Theoretically. the President
of the United States, as the
Commander-in- Chief, is looked
on as the man responsible for
the nations security. But he
does not and cannot give his
whole time to the job. Indeed,
there is no specific mandate of
law which allows the military
men to make the policies that
are so closely related to military
security.
This amazing defect in Amer
ica's governmental structure
was on the minds of some of
our military men during the last
war and they thought that. by
establishing a national security
council, the United States would
at last have a board or agency
which could make long-range
plans for the security of the
country. But the present law
does not include any military
men In the set-up Of the
council.
The members are the Presi-
dent, the Vice President, the
Secretary Of State, the Secretary
of Defense and the Chairman
Of the National Security Re-
sources Board.
Yet this all-important agency,
with not a single member giving
full-time attention to the work,
Evening star., 1951-04-26

Gen. MacArthur's speech
which he first uttered the day
before he took the japanese sur
render:
Military alliances, balances
Of power. leagues of nations, all
in turn have failed f.. leaving
-. war. The utter destructive
ness of war now blocks out this
alternative. We have had our
last chance. If we will not de-
wise some greater and more
equitable system, Armageddon
will be at our door. The
problem. basically, is theo-
logical and involves a spiritual
recrudescence, an improvement
of human character that will
Synchronize with our almost
matchless advancement in
all the material and cultural
developments of the last two
thousand years. It must be of
the spirit If we are to have the
flesh"
Is a spiritual rebirth impos-
sible? Only he who believes so
is really a defeatist.
There is not a people in the
world for whom war is not, as
for Gen. Macarthur revolving"
Since all leaders of states
are men, and the quality of
men is capacity to change, must
we assume that none-the lead
ers of the u. s. S. r., for in
tance-will ever change their
minds? But if they changed,
would we recognize or believe it?
Are we also capable of changing?
Before America entered World
War I. Woodrow Wilson called
for peace without victory. Later
he changed his mind, as we
became belligerents, and the
phrase was held against him.
But was he wiser first or last?
If peace had been negotiated
instead Of dictated at Versailles,
would the world have been worse
of? Would we have had World
War II? It seems to me un-
likely.
The question of who is ag-
gressor is not, I think, settled
Evening star., 1951-04-26
Dorothy Thompson:
Modern War Utterly Futile
Victory, Unlike Peace, Cannot Sustain Itself
BY Justice, Harmony and Reason Alone

When q war starts no one
knows how it will end.
The government of North
Korea started the present one,.
certainly in understanding with
the Kremlin, though on what
assumptions we do not know.
Then the u. N, under the
leadership Of the United States,
answered force with force, and
q chain of events ensued, the
development Of which cannot be
determined either by President
Truman and his advisers, or the
supporters of Gen. Macarthur.
The course of events will, in fact,
be determined by the Russians
who initiated the chain.
If Chinese Communist policy
hardens on terms, which amount
to surrender, and their military
forces are unable to win by
present methods, they will prob
ably enlarge the war by calling
on the Russian air force to bomb
behind our lines and introduc-
ing Russian submarines. II they
do that the Macarthur policy
win then almost certainly be-
come that Of President Truman's
staff. Manchurian bases viii be
bombed. the Chinese coast will
be blockaded, other of Gen.
MacArthur's recommendations
will go into effect, the alterna-
tive simply being to quit.
The U. N. policy is that both
should quit, under conditions
that will, in effect, leave Korea
exactly as 1t was when this
struggle began-plus a country
wrecked North and South, full
Of starving and destitute people,
and with hundreds of thousands
Of dead.
II o higher Justice (and warn
ing) could find expression, that
Is perhaps the best way it could
end-in peace without victory
for anybody. Perhaps then the
lesson might be learned of the
utter futility Of modern war.
For no one in his right mind
will challenge one paragraph in
Evening star., 1951-04-26

Maryland prevailed also in Ohio.
Admittedly Senator Taft did not
ask for similar investigation
but left the questions raised in a
state Of suspense where they
could be drawn on when ora
torically useful.
Mr.. Wherry is in politics, too.
Subcommittee members did not
have to explain to him that
when they brought in their
Maryland report. they did not
propose to be beaten over the
head with complaints about
their omission of Ohio.
The Ohio campaign was
harshly fought; some of the Taft
exhibits Of comic books. photo
graphs, etc. which he attributes
to the CIO, are vulgar and dis
gusting.
The vanquished Mr.. Ferguson
has an underdog story Of his
own to tell. however. He will be
able to show that recorded con-
tributions to the Taft campaign
reached the staggering total of
$2,066.591.87. This is % times
what the Senator viii earn dur
ing his six-year term. Only in
Pennsylvania, also scene Of a
hard fought battle, was it ex-
ceeded.
Labor reported $250,000 spent
for Mr.. Ferguson. The Demo-
Gratis were letting labor carry
the ball and expending the bulk
Evening star., 1951-04-26
Lowell Mellett::
Lowell MeLett:
Mischief-Mukers Find an AIIy
: Bevon in Britain Undertakes to Do His Part
In Blocking Working Partnership With U S.

Those demagogues among us.
political and journalistic, who
apparently won't be happy un-
less they succeed In destroying
our working partnership with
the British Commonwealth may
rejoice in the latest develop
ment in British politics. They
have obtained an unexpected
ally. Aneurin Bevan, left-wing
leader in the Labor Party, fol-
lowing his resignation from the
cabinet, has undertaken to
arouse among the British peo-
pie the same sort of distruSt of
Evening star., 1951-04-26
Henry McLenore:.

I feel real sorry for President
Truman.
Not for the Truman Of today,
mind you, but for the Truman
Of tomorrow, who'll have to
admit to his grandchildren that
he doesn't remember a thing
about Gen. MacArthur's return
to his native land after IA years.
He'll have to answer the ques-
tions of his grandchildren about
the hero's return. Let us picture
a scene in the future, with Mar
garet's children gathered around
granddad's knee.
Children: Today is April 10,
Macarthur Day. Tell us about
when he came back from Japan,
Grandpop.
Grandpop: Children. I didn't
happen to see him that day.
Children: Weren't you in
Washington that day. Grand
pop?
Grandpop: Yes, I was, but I
was mighty busy. Had a meet
ing with Dean Acheson.
Children. Who is Dean Ache
son. Grandpop?
Grandpop: You children run
along now. Gradpop is tired.
Children: But all the children
we play with say their grandmas
and grandfathers saw Gen.
Macarthur in his parade, or
on the television. or heard him
on radio. Some of them brag
that their mamas and papas and
grandmothers and grandfathers
even got to hear and see him
when he came back from Japan.
One boy says his grandpop sat
only a few seats away from the
general when he talked to all
the Congressman. Couldn't you
have gotten seat close by if
you tried, Grandpop?
Grandpop. Margaret, please
put the children to bed.
Children: Please, Grandpa,
just one more minute. The
teacher says Gen. Macarthur
is the greatest living American
and that his speech will be re-
Evening star., 1951-04-26

has some difficulties gauging the
morale Of the American people
and their willingness to meet
force with force, if provoked.
The popular reaction to Gen.
MacArthur'S dismissal is being
watched carefully and followed
by the Kremlin.
The statements made by Sena-
tor MacMahon on the Senate
floor last Tuesday may possibly
influence public thinking. Mos
COW may hope that a new wave
of appeasement will grip this
country when it is told that
the odds are as great as Sena-
tor MacMahon has stated.
We were far less prepared in
1910 and 1941 than we are
today. It is true that the atomic
bomb did not exist then. But
considering the weakness of our
ground and air forces and the
state of unpreparedness of the
Navy, which was supposed to
play a vital role 10 years ago,
our position was no better then
than it is today. Yet anybody
who drew the attention of the
public to the risks this country
ran in siding openly with the
Western democracies, which
were at war with the Axis, was
overwhelmed with bitter criti-
cism and called either unpatri-
otto or pro-Nazi isolationist.
Now the epithet of warmonger
is applied to all those who see
the realities of the Soviet threat
in Asia, from which the United
States is far more vulnerable
than it is from Europe.
Many citizens will wonder,
when they read the solemn
warnings of the Connecticut
Senator, whether our Air Force,
which we consider the best in
the world. has deteriorated to
such an extent that it cannot
defend the Nations shores from
Russian aviation, which during
the last war was considered the
poorest and most ineffective
branch Of the Soviet armed
forces.
Evening star., 1951-04-26

by determining who moved the
first armies or fired the first
shot. An aggressor is also the
state which refuses arbitration,
conciliation and negotiation
after a war begins, or who
hardens on demands which he
knows to be unacceptable to the
opponent. since, in his op-
ponent's shoes they would be
unacceptable to himself.
No state can have peace with
out a price, or a negotiated
peace which realizes the aims of
total victory-or, for that mat
ter, peace and victory.
For victory requires force to
sustain victory, since unlike
peace, victory cannot sustain
itself by justice, harmony, and
reason alone.
(Released by the Bell syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1951-04-26
Henry McLemore:
How Could the President
lahore Macarthur on TV?

membered as long as Americans
live. Didn't you have a televi-
sion set that day, Grandpop?
Or a radio? Was that Dean
SO important that you couldn't
listen to the general talk?
Grandpop: Children, Grand
dad will give each of you a
quarter If you'Il stop asking
questions and go to bed like nice
children.
Children: Okay, Grandpop.
Goodnight. But we do wish you
had been there to see the gen.
eral and tell us all about him.
(As they troop out of the room
the children join hands and sing
the old ballad about how old
soldiers never die, just fade
away.)
Fanciful as this may seem,
something approaching it could
easily happen.
For the life of me. I can't
imagine the President and Mr..
Acheson sitting together in con-
ference while one of the most
dramatic happenings In Ameri-
can history was taking place.
How could the two of them,
MeSsrS. Truman and Acheson,
between them lack enough curl
osity not to delay their confer
ence for 40 minutes to turn on
a TV set and hear and watch
MacArthur's speech to the joint
houses of Congress?
Not only did these two ignore
MacArthur's address, but they
seemed proud of the fact. Had
a press secretary announce it to
the press.
There is a limit to business
as usual.
Distributed by MeNausht svndi,ata r.,
Evening star., 1951-04-26

the dislocations of commerce,
the confusion and disorder, the
prolonged and weighty task Of
reconstructing that which war
has destroyed all projecting
themselves far into the future
make it certain that the military
victors become ultimately al
most as impoverished and van
quished as those who have been
beaten on the field of battle.
Those who have spent ten
years out of the last thirty
fully modified and engaged
with the enemy on the soil of
almost every continent, on the
waves of almost every sea and
under them and high up in the
skies above them-those who
have lost generation in bat
tie and those who have spent
many intervening years, some
with and some without help from
us, in efforts to recapture the
economic and political strength
which war has stripped from
them and to bind up the wounds
OF War-realize the eternal truth
OF this proposition.
1t is these people, our dema-
gogues would have us believe.
who have been coolly, calculat-
ingly and in complete comfort.
guiding our own foreign policy.
leading us into trouble of one
kind and another and allowing
us to take all the punishment.
SO the retiring British Min
lister Of Labor hands it back to
us, saying I'VE have allowed
ourselves to be dragged too far
penlnd the wheels of American
diplomacy. This great nation
has a message for the world
which is distinct from that of
America or the Soviet Union"
Later he called on Britain
TO make itself "a third force"
In world politics, siding neither
with the United Nations nor
Russia in world politics.
The likelihood of Great Brit
ans embarking on such course
Is not great under the present
LABOR government or under a
Conservative government should
the Labor government fall. But
human endurance has its limits
under the stress of hardship
1t also has it's limits under the
stress of insult and misrepresen-
tation. There comes a time
when anything can happen
Long friendships can be broken
and partnerships dissolved.
What then? Quoting Mr.. Doug
las again:
We. undoubtedly, would
somehow, somewhere, win a war
with the Communist world, but
the military victory would NOT
mean the determination of Com
mun1st ideas. The very DESC
iatlon which it will leave in it's
trall will make the social soil
In the Orient, in Europe, indeed
everywhere. including here at
nome, more fertile and better
watered for the seeds of COM
munism and revolution to take
root in"
We cannot tell the Bevans
IN Britain how to behave. But
we should be able to persuade
our own Bevans to cease their
irresponsible, reckless mischief.
making between friends.
Evening star., 1951-04-26

the United States that our dem
agogues have sought to arouse
in this country toward Britain.
The British people have been
going through a brutally bad
time since the end of World
War I. Lewis w. Douglas, for
mer American Ambassador, de-
scribed the plight of this once
proud world power in graphic
language in his address to the
Associated Press on Monday.
"The aftermath of great
wars" he said, with it's ac-
cumulation of debts, its heavy
taxes, the ensuing imitation, the
widespread social discomfort,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-01-05
ABOUT The AUTHOR

3d. President of the Foundation for World
which in the political and
of establishing He wrote
the Human Race last his from tour
places travellers
heartbreang "The the disease,
misery be believed generation will not
till this job tackled the job Americas prob
lent is the problem of the United Nations"
his life Stingelow has worked
In Rhodes Scholar Oxford After four
taught history the University of
President ST. Johns College Annapolis
President of the Foundation World Govern
book history modern Europe The
Pilgrimage of He widely
often spoken the RADIO especially the he n
Learning
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-01-05

This article is a condensation
of brilliantly written new pam
phlet Lets Join the Human Race"
copies of which may be secured
through bookstores or from The
University of Chicago Press, $3.50
Ellis Ave-, Chicago 81, Ill. Mail
orders for single copies must be
accompanied by rs cents in cash;
prices for quantity orders are low
err. This condensation necessarily
omits some of Mr.. Burr's cogent
arguments. Sending for the pam
phlet will well repay the reader
interested in MIR. Bars thesis.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-01-05
Governor Urges
Continued from page one)

Continued from page. one)
Liberalization of the .Workmen's
Compensation Act to be more in
keeping with the high cost of liv-
ing, sand passage of SECOND in
jury law" G0j
Review of unemployment COM
pensation payments, bearing in mind
the highly seasonal aspect of en-
ployment in some industries, in line
with high living costs;
Free tuition for the children of
veterans who died in World War II
and in current Korean conflict, ade-
quate appropriations for veterans well
fare commission; and memorializing
the congress for adequate depend
ency allowances for the families of
veterans;
Modernization of present prison
parole law;
And for legislative resolving of
the dispute between the Board of
Education and Board of Examiners
over disposition of the S5,000,00O
bond issue voted by the people for
the university system in 1913.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-01-05
Abraham Lincoln, who

Republican, Abraham Lincoln, who
said:
The legitimate object of govern
ment is to do for a community of
people whatever they need to have
done, but cannot do for themselves.
But the new world community has
no common government. And while
leading statesmen have declared that
we must build one or destroy our
selves through further world wars
with ever more murderous weapons,
we are finding it hard to build in
the midst of world revolution. With
out common government, the U. S.
and the u. S. S. r. are condemned to
threaten each other and to seek al
lies for the next war. The whole of
human history bears witness that the
worlds two major powers would be
doing this quite aside from the ques-
ton of communism or capitalism.
MOTIVATED BY FEAR
The reason for this is terrifingly
simple; each is afraid of the other.
Each claims it is arming only for
defense. But the nature of arms is
such that the u. S. cannot defend it
self without becoming a threat to
he U. S. S. R., and the u. S. S. R.
cannot defend itself without becom-
ing a threat to the U. S. This vicious
circle has become clearer to Euro
peans than to Americans. Mean
while, we tumble the problem if we
suppose that, except for communism,
we and the Russians would not be
a threat to each other. What threat
ems all of US is the fact that the
worlds present political systematic
system of sovereign nation states-is
incapable of keeping peace in the
worldscommunity for more than brief
periods. Meanwhile, the better our
weapons get, the worse our wars
get.
No human community has ever
lived in peace for long without a gov
eminent. The new world community
will prove no exception to this rule,
1t is unrealistic to expect it to.
In any case, the chances are over
whelming that it will get common
government, either by mutual agree
ment or by conquest.
But there is "a frightful obstacle
to getting common government by
mutual consent. / am not speaking
of the world community's many races
or it's many languages or its nation
al jealousies or its different religions.
None of these obstacles to a COM
mon government is decisive. There is !
a much more serious obstacle. 1t is
an obstacle that the philosopher
Plato was speaking of when he said
that most cities were not really one
city but two-the city of the rich
and the city of the poor.
The City of the Rich, based large
" on the economy of the United
States, sees the problem less clear
" than does the City of the Poor
the hungry, half naked, diseased, and
mostly colored millions. If Ameri-
cans propose to them common gov
'tc keep law and order in
he worldwide City of Man to con-
,rol "the bomb" and let us all enjoy
ife in peace, then those who are not
,nioving life and who fear the bomb
much less than they fear famine may
veil be unmoved.
There is lot of ease and abund
,nce in America for bomb to des-
roy, SO we go to bed at night ask
ng, "How can we sleep?" But they
,sk, when do we eat?'
Those questions measure a yawn-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-01-05

rest OF CnlS pampnleC. Because from
now on | shall be imagining; and |
hope that you can imagine some
thing better. wish that every man
or woman who reads these words
would think of something better, and
talk about it with his neighbors. Then
we would get some action. And the
world would begin to hope again.
Anyhow here goes. The modern
world is largely governed by cor
porations. For example, even before
Pearl Harbor, over two-thirds Of the
manufacturing facilities in the United
States were owned and operated by
only $50 giant corporations. Between
the two world wars, many big corpor-
ations made trade agreements, called
"cartels," to control world markets.
Now, because these giant corpora
lions are run for private profit and
often act against the public interest,
the American government sometimes
hales them into court. Moreover, our
policy in Occupied Germany = or
perhaps our publicly declared policy
was to break up the international
cartels. The fact remains that, though
the modern corporation often acts
irresponsibly, dangerously and OPP
DICSSlNS1yy IL Is Lie CI1l6I IuOu6IH
device for getting big jobs done.
Congress recognized this when it
set up IVA as a PUBLIC corpora
ton, responsible to Congress. This
pamphlet suggests that the. u. N. set
up public corporation to do a job
for the people of the world and that
they give it so much money that men
and women in every country will know
8 1k 4
liver. On the day that money was
WORLD DEVELOPMENT AUTHOR
hope would sweep the world where
dav would be one of the great his
toric dates of the present century.
| would like to add a second sug-
gestion. Voting for representatives
in the peoples World Assembly"
which Mr.. Reuther has proposed,
would be one way of participating
But going down in your jeans to
support their recommendation is an
other
would like to see the Assembly
issue long-term World Peace Bonds,
including low-priced baby bonds"
that men and women everywhere
could buy. | should like to see the
face of the bond declare that the
only interest" the bond paid was
the interest of all of us-world peace.
believe the human race would in
vest | believe you and | would in
vest.
Millions of men and women have
agonized as they watched the third
World War approach. Millions of men
and women have cried in their hearts,
or out loud to their neighbors: "This
is madness, but what can | do?" l
would have us answer that question.
The funds thus raised would allow the
Peoples World Assembly, to make
loans to the Development Authority
waiting for the U.eN. and the
governments it now depends
on-even for the salaries of it's own
personnel. | think men and women
everywhere would heave a sigh of
relief that they had an agency of
their own choosing, to tackle the
human problem which national gov
are so slow to tackle.
If we do these things, | think the
national governments would find out
which way the wind is really blow
ng; they would quickly fall in line.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-01-05
Continued from Last Week.

False Assumption Number On
That Russia is all that stands be-
tween mankind and stable peace.
False Assumption Number Two
That American "know-how" and
American money can rebuild the
world economy, or enough of it
to stop Russia
False Assumption Number Three:
That "free enterprise" (what the
non-American world still calls "pri-
vate enterprise") can do the job
better than government.
False Assumption Number Four:
That the job can be done on the
basis of small yearly appropria-
tions.