davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25
We Fight q Year for .
American Military Views Outweighed by Diplomatic Aims
Of Nations Contributing 10 Per Cent of Our Effort
Constantine BROWN

One year has elapsed since
the police action" in Korea
started. The score at the end Of
this II months Of fighting is:
Nearly 175,000 American casual
ties Combat and non-combat);
spending at the rate of $500
million a week; death in combat
and otherwise of about 21a mill
lion South Koreans and total
destruction of almost every city
in Korea.
The enemy has suffered up
ward Of 1A million North Ko-
rean and Red Chinese casualties
and an equal devastation of
land.
The request made to the Unit
ed Nations last week by the Su-
preme Commander IN the Far
East, Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway,
for an increase of United Ma
tions contingents was received
with the utmost GOODNESS. A
number Of United Nations rep
resentatives expressed tn cir
doubts that their governments
will heed the plea "at this
time They will want to await
the outcome of the Russian
cease-f1re proposal.
A joint committee charged
by the Senate with probing into
the dismissal of Gen. MacAr-
thur is near completion of the
most thorough inquiry into our
diplomatic and political STRAIT
egg ever made. It. demonstrated
a spirit Of non-partisanism sell
dom. if ever. shown in Senate
history. Its report is likely to
show an impressive area of
agreement between Democrats
and Republicans. insofar. as
some of the major questions of
the investigation are concerned.
Our detectives in this war,
which has cost us more casu-
alties than all previous cam
paigns except the last two
World Wars. are still obscure
so far as the average Ameri-
can is concerned. Secretary of
State Acheson testified that
1.-THE military detectives of the
United Nations in Korea are to
repel the armed attack which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

The world weighs settle the Korean
at the 38th parallel Malk
ground We withdraw to the south The
north.
Mrs Tom Connay Of Texas champagne chsen the
luxury liner United States sings subsidy
lies deep in the heart Of taxes.
Gov Tom Dewey announces he'll fly to the East
he'll confer with Chang Kaishek Dewey yet
Republican convention with solid delegations from New
Fornosa
President Truman the defense
invitation to disaster" It's too weak on
and too strong to get a Republican blame on
The Senate banking committee files separate reports as
sends the wageprce control bill to the floor
Supreme Court.
The National Mobilization Advisory urges still higher
taxes We're all going to share equally
taxpayer working every other day for the
Government working other day for the taxpayer
Moscow accuses United States embassy employees shouting
drinking and pushing at the shrine
referring to that cry OF water when two
crushed under American that Tostoy
was the first Communist
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25

occurred against the Republic
of Korea and restore peace and
security in that area. The long
term political objective has been
to establish a free. independ-
ent and democratic Korea"
To the average person this
sounds like the usual diplomatic
double-talk. Our military objec-
time is to defeat the enemy.
The military strategy of Gen.
Ridgway and 1t. Gen. James
A. Van Fleet is subordinated.
however, to international diplo-
matte considerations. These ara
dictated by our United Nations
associates, although their mill
tary stake in the war represents
only about 10 per cent Of our
effort.
Under the dictates Of dip
plomatic strategy our forces
must fight a purely defensive
war. Our offensives undertaken
in recent months actually were
defensive moves intended to
Illustrate as much as possible
the enemy's aggression.
The military concept of our
Joint Chiefs of Staff, a concept
greatly influenced by diplomacy,
is to kill as many Chinese Reds
as possible, in the hope that
some day the Peiping puppets
will find out that they can't
win and will then be amenable
to the United Nations liberal
peace terms.
When asked by Senator Lyn-
don johnson, "Are you con-
WINGED that the course we now
are following in Korea will
bring victory with the least loss
of life and danger of a third
world WARP" Mr.. Acheson re-
piled emphatically, II am. Sem
ator."
Since Mr.. Acheson made that
statement two weeks ago. our
battle casualties have increased
and SO have those of the enemy.
The war of attrition goes on.
Moscow's puppets have been
told that they need not take the
words Of the American Secre-
tary of State as to their seating
in the United Nations and pos
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25
Dovid Lowrence:
Russia Can't Lose on Peace Plan
Molk Calls for Cease Fire Without Conditions
For Negotiation Later of Political Questions
Dovid LoWrence:

After having listened to the
persistent plea of the United
States and the United Nations
for peace in Korea almost at
any price, the Russian govern
ment has apparently decided to
find out how high a price can
be exacted.
The real significance of the
Russian proposal as outlined by
her delegate to the United Ma
lions. Jacob Malik, is that it
calls for a cease fire" without
insisting on acceptance first of
any conditions for the negotia-
ton afterwards Of the political
questions. 1t is difficult to see
how the United States now can
fail to agree to the armistice
after what it has agreed to in
the United Nations heretofore.
This means that both sets of
"belligerents" - North Koreans
and Red Chinese on one side
and United Nations forces on
the other-will soon arrange a
cease fire" directly between
military commanders.
Assurances of a military ma
ture will have to be given that
neither side uses the truce as a
means of build-up for otherwise
the United Nations forces could
be wiped out overnight by a
sudden attack If the Red Chi
nese used the time to send re-
Inducements to the area near
the 38th parallel.
But there is every reason to
believe that it is to the benefit
Of the Russians to accept the
military terms that will be pre-
scented. For this puts the Com
munistS in the advantageous
position Of having halted the
United Nations forces at the
38th Parallel. it assures Com
munist political control Of
North Korea indefinitely, and it
eases the economic drain on
Russia which the Korean war
has imposed on her.
AS for settlement of the po-
litical questions. those may not
be disposed of for months or
years. Russia will be in no
hurry. She will use the threat
of a resumption Of hostilities in
Korea as q lever to compel con-
cessions on European political
questions. It will not matter to
Russia If there is a deadlock
over the Korean political prob
lens and they, too, remain in
status quo indefinitely.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25
Thomas L. Stokes:
THONGS [. Stokes
Korean Objective Accomplished
U. N. Resistance to Red Military Aegr
Is Key to Survival of Free Civilization

The United Nations Opera
ton Korea" is a year old.
1t has been successful in its
essential objective which is too
often overlooked and which it
is well we should recall on look
ing back and taking stock.
For. wrapped up in that objec-
tive, is the key to all of the flu
ture-whether the world COM
munity is to become an Or
ganized society able to govern
itself under a body of law to
maintain peace and justice and
punish violators of that law.
Such a body of law was es-
tablished in the United Nations
charter adopted at San Fran
cisco in 1945 and subscribed to
now by a total of so nations.
San Francisco was the result of
the moral compulsion of the
people of the world and in
recognition of two plain facts
closely related. One is the ter
ribly destructive nature of mod
ern war and the other is that
the world now is so small and
inter-related-down, in fact, to
the size of an ordinary COM
munity Of not too many years
ago-that such war reaches
everybody, like measles running
through a neighborhood. So
it was decided at San Fran
cisco that, in view of these facts,
this Shrunken world COM
munity must be organized for
law and order as mankind
traditionally had organized it
self for centuries in the local
community, state and nation.
That was done, though loosely.
Then in time Soviet Russia.
which had subscribed to the
U. N. charter, took it upon her.
self to violate the law by insti-
eating the first open aggression
through a satellite. North Korek,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25
Mariner EccIes Leaves His Mark
But After II Years as Federal Reserve Governor
His ForeweIIs May Be Only Au Revoirs

assumption by the Government
of responsibility for the eco
nomic welfare of the citizenry.
His party has been denied power
in four succeeding presidential
elections mainly because a
prominent part of its leader
ship, especially in Congress, does
not really acknowledge that
thesis now.
And yet, ironically, that thesis
Powered in the Full Employ
ment Act passed in 1916 by the
only Republican Congress since
1930-President Truman's de-
Spised 80th. Mr.. Eccles seems
orthodox now only because the
general principles that he
espoused in the 30s are ac-
cepted doctrine.
BY another irony little real
lied, Mr.. Eccles did not know
and had never read the British
economist, Keynes, when he
began to expound Keynesian
doctrine before the Senate FL
nance Committee headed by the
late Pat Harrison. He was then,
as now, head of a family bust
ness and banking chain in
Utah, a member Of the Mormon
Church which is renowned al
most as much for its practical
wisdom as for its religion.
He has described in his book,
Reckoning Frontiers" how he
took issue with all the best
minds" who paraded before the
Harrison committee during the
depression, arguing for econ
omy and q balanced budget.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25

Yet he had arrived at his con-
illusions from practical expert
ence and spoke as a capitalist
who wanted to preserve his
handsome stake in the capitalist
system.
lin practice the Eccles-
Keynes theory has lately been
running up against the ire
sponsibility Of Congress and the
presidency under the American
system. 1t is increasingly plain
that they will not put on the
taxes and make the economies
in good times which will pay
the Government debt incurred
in bad tines.)
1t is an open secret that Mr..
Eccles hopes his farewells
Thursday will be only au re-
voirs. He would like to return
as United States Senator from
Utah but has not made up his
mind whether to oppose Senator
Watkins In the Republican
primary.
Another open secret is that
his relations with Senator Taft
are close and that he has been
one of the Ohian's principal
economic advisers. A nod from
Senator Taft would help him in
the Republican primary but that
is a dangerous partisanship for
a candidate for the presidential
nomination. 1t may be that Mr..
Eccles will conflne his politick-
ing to the Taft candidacy and
await possible appointment as
Secretary Of the Treasury in a
Taft administration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25

Russia would have struck else
where, emboldened by the coll
lapse of the only collective force
able to deter her.
AS it is, Communist China has
been devastatingly punished. a
blow to Communist prestige the
world over. and the aggressive
wave has been checked. At the
same time the U. MS bold de-
tense has bolstered morale Of
anti-totalitarian nations the
world over and alerted them so
that Western Europe has been
revived to build up her defense
line, with our help. Likewise,
Korea alerted us to hasten our
own defenses.
However, while the U. N.
has survived, Korea has re-
vealed weaknesses that must be
repaired If 1t goes on effectively
from here. It lacks an enforce
ment arm, an international
police force, and so at the very
outset, when it decided to act,
it had to throw one together
quickly in a volunteer way,
with us assuming the chief
burden. Nor could it have acted
then had not Russia been on
a "walk-out" from the Security
Council and not present to ex-
ercise the inevitable veto. That
weakness was circumvented, on
Secretary of State Acheson's
motion, when the U. N. Assem-
bly, was clothed with authority
to act in cases Of aggression, so
that thereafter the Security
Council was by-passed.
That took time. It took far
too much time, too, to get
around to declaring Communist
China an aggressor and more
time to get an embargo on ship
ment Of war materials to China
due to Britain's ATTITUDE. So.
while the U. N. has been kept
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25
WHAT?

session of Formosa too literally,
and that in such matters the
majority of the United Nations,
not America alone, has the final
word.
But the Communist leaders
have turned a deaf ear even to
these assurances, which are not
without foundation. The rea-
son is that the key to the solu-
ton of what last year was opti-
miStically called a police &C
ton" in Korea is to be found
not in Peiping but in Moscow.
And the men in the Kremlin
are overjoyed to see some of the
best American forces being
whitfield down in Korea.
Meanwhile, it is inconsequen-
tial to them how many Chinese
are lost in battle. The Krem-
Inns Charlie Mccarthy, Mao
Tze-tung, stated some time be-
fore the outbreak of the Ko-
rean conflict that China is over
populated by $4,000, 900. The
loss in Korea is a mere drop
in the bucket. even If they
do represent fighting soldiers.
These can be replaced by a few
months of training, provided
Mother Russia" is willing to
provide the necessary equip
ment.
Our fighting men in Korea
have found that Moscow has
not gone back on it's puppets in
solar as military equipment is
concerned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25

sian propaganda with prevent
ing a peace settlement and
keeping the armistice from
being transformed into q per-
manent agreement.
Instead of pursuing the ag-
gressors to their source in Man
churia and thus achieving a
military victory. the Western
allies have fallen. back on di-
plomacy as a means of achiev-
ing political objectives. Tt is
here that Moscow and Peiping
hold the trump cards. The
United Nations will have to adj
NIT some day that 1t failed in
Korea to punish the Red Chi
nese for their aggression and
that it failed to clear North
Korea Of its aggressor armies.
From a prestige viewpoint the
United Nations viii get all the
cheers for stopping the fighting
but it will have proved also that
when aggression comes, only the
United States will accept the
full military responsibility. Since
the results obtained at the cost
of 10000 casualties will seem Of
doubtful value. American public
opinion may be less inclined the
next time to go ahead and re-
sist aggression in far-of parts
of the world.
The future effectiveness Of the
United Nations in stopping ag-
gression will depend on whether
all Korea can be cleared Of
Communist troops and a free
government ever emerges in
that country independent of So
Wet intimidation or influence.
1t looks as If this is years away.
The cease fire" now proposed
and the deadlock that's coming
on political factors mean sur
render. Defeat, however, was
inevitable from the very mo-
ment the United States and the
United Nations took refuge in
the Limited war" idea in Korea
and refused to use maximum
force to punish the Russian and
Chinese apUrpSSnrS hv daytYnv-
ing their communication lines
and bases of supply in Manchu-
ria. Victory" was eliminated
from the military mans vocabu-
larry in the Korean war by or
der Of the Department of State
at the insistence of our Euro
pean allies and in its place the
poignant word defeat" will re-
main on the pages of history.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25

against the Republic of South
Korea, a ward Of the u. N.
That was an attack on the
U. NJ, itself. its principles and
its integrity, and upon all for
which the U. N. stood.
The U. NJ, under our leader
ship, met the challenge. Today
SO of its members are still
meeting the challenge despite
many vicissitudes, among them
the hurting by Russia of another
satellite, Communist China,
against the U. N. The u. N.
saved itself and upheld the prin-
ciple of collective security for
which it was formed.
This Is the simple and essen
tial story upon which it is so
necessary to hold our attention.
1t is recognized that this is not
easy to do because the heart
and emotions and passions also
are involved through the sacri-
flee Of so many young Amer
leans. 1t is hard to accept
sacrifices for a principle that
at times may seem somewhat
illusory and visionary. though 1t
is a bedrock, very practical
principle that must be sus-
tanned If civilization is to sur
vive as we cherish it-and il
we are to survive as a Nation.
In reviewing Korea it is help
full to think of what would have
happened had not the u. N. met
the challenge. It would have
gone the way of the League Of
Nations and it may be recalled
that the whiting of the League
let down the barriers for the
dictators to start World War II.
Had Korea been over-run and
conquered. communism today
would be sitting triumphant over
our bastion of Japan and
threatening the whole line Of
the Pacific. Undoubtedly by now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25
Doris FIeeson:

The growth of Government
since 1888 will be dramatically
illustrated Thursday when the
Hon. Mariner S. Eccles closes
II years as a Federal Reserve
Governor with a farewell party
for Who's Who in Washington
in the Capitals biggest ballroom.
A hardened New Dealer who
likes big Government looked at
the list of people Mr.. Eccles
knows and shuddered. ct well
may be-" he murmured. shat
we have gone too far"
Washington will crowd in,
however, to pay tribute to one of
the most interesting and dedi-
Gated men-a Republican Incl
dentally-of the Roosevelt era.
The country got the benefit Of
his excellent brain. Congress
sional support was won by quail
tiles which the late Senator
Reed of Kansas summarized In
the comment: "He has that
kind Of independence that ]
admire in a man."
Mariner Eccles owns a Sc
cure place in American eco
nomic history. He was the great
exponent-perhaps the ablest
hereof the Keynes theory that
Government must step in and
compensate for the rigors Of the
economic system when they in
f1ict too great a hardship upon
too many people.
The last Republican Presi-
dent. Herbert Hoover. was de-
cisively defeated because dur
ing a deep depression he fought
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25

So far as American public
opinion is concerned, it will
have accepted the cease fire"
as the ending of a burdensome
war. Peace sentiment will brush
aside the cry of the critics that
appeaSement in the Far East
means a large-scale war in the
end, just as the Munich ap-
peasement of 1888 led to the
outbreak of World War II in
1899. Politically speaking. the
administration will have gained
a victory.
Russia will continue. of course,
to fish in other troubled waters
like Iran and there will be little
relief in America from the bur-
den of armament. the necessity
for a continuance Of the heavy
program of spending, and high
taxes.
The Moscow regime has
played its hand cleverly through
the Malik speech. It has en-
phasized that the Soviet is, after
all, the master of the Red Chi
nese and that any peace settle
ment in the Far East has to be
an overall settlement. The
price demanded is an abandon
ment of the rearmament pro-
gram for Europe envisaged by
the North Atlantic Treaty and
a giving up of the American
military bases overseas. The adj
mission of Red China to the
United Nations is still q factor
but the Russians do not need
to press forward on that point
until they have later on played
their cards on the whole United
Nations legal mess.
Thus, while the United Ma
tions, through the Security
Council, ordered the resistance
in Korea about a year ago while
the Russians were not present
to exercise their veto, any set
tlement now has to go through
the Security Council where the
veto of the Soviet regime can
block, If not control. what is
done.
There's enough chance of le-
gal entanglements in the COM
pick United Nations procedure
to embarrass the Western pow
ers who will be clamoring for a
settlement of the Korean war
as a United Nations matter.
When the time comes, the bid
for admission of Red China will
be presented and the Western
allies will be charged In Rus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-06-25

intact and has survived, it still is
a SloW-moving, cumbersome
agency. Unless the Korean ex-
perience is translated into &C
ton to strengthen it, we still will
not have done the job and win
risk success of the great adven-
ture upon which we embarked
at San Francisco and for which
so great sacrifice has been made.
This Is the reminder of this
first anniversary of Korea.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1951-11-10

Goftluddte Itehcn luiirDc. YSoinlidlt
lid oQcr 6ragen pirti6oftli6er ODER
tl1ltureuer 8eOeutllng ltnO aller in"
tcrnationoler iSragen, Die ni6t 5lt
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lteben, iino mir bereit. nit ben 21n=
oern oes 2ltlontif Eofta 5uiommcl=
5uorbeitcrl" lu9te cr 2lbcr &u1plln
nien plane nid)t sen 8citritt 81 ocn1
Goft.
Gem 81. Shbl lcgcniibcr nubnl
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infmne GinfCrfcrllnA Don Gr5bilNoT
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9cnocu @crid)tHn nid)t rrm0hnt.
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bat Die SdDci5Cr (fonnilni'tild)c)
9lrbcitcrportci bon ihrcn lirbcn Git
sen 5lucl eingcbitbt. Nm Monton &nuO
(Satlnnnc) lpNrOC MIR cin MOnlnu-
nit NcmGhlt. muhrcuN Dor pier Sab
rcu orci Nllrhf1ncn. ;}nci lpurOrn
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;3iiri6 gclp1bIt.
Srob einigcr iOIaIiItlId)tn NeDln
ne in NenI lmo rini9Cn nnoerCn Mdn-
81,
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1951-11-10
AnH mrlt l1nn Atrrhr

Gl1 elmer tlcinen Stride BON 8al=
0ninu bel Eoonn ml1rOe Dor fllr5en,
| mic nod elmer &abclmel0lt1g ,2'Si=
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ben SGlfcr" jlun HegenItanb bat.
9tuf Sen nnQGitcIIten llnterIuhu1,9cu
Itannt 0na 9ilo nll2 ser itoliel1ii6cn
Ecrio0c Don 9iubcn5, oIIo oen SSab-
rem 5lpil6cn 1900 uno 1903, ul5 9tu-
bena QU S0of bon @on3aga in Mtnn=
tllo arheItetc.
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men BON %oIto lno Eotaonm bcrbci-
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Clc nrlt0cltIdc Hcgicrln0 ttilte
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fongreb ser itolienilden 8eburtabcI-
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Der slnpenbung ser iogenonutel1
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perbittlln0. Ter 81. Goter fam audi
'onf fiinltIid)c gefrl,dtumg uno auf
abtrelbung 5u lprehen, Der orobtc
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gen Ben "ault oeS Gergniigel1s" uno
Die immer mebr lm lid) grcifenoc
8eipobnbeit, iid) I'M Gerfebr auf sic
3eit Der natiirlihen llnfrud)tbarfeit
gu beI6ranfen. @belcllte, erflGrte Ser
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tlirliden l1nfrubtbarfeit bon ibrem
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@enn man iid) ober in Ser Che al,s=
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FapIt leste ferner auseinanoer, lpenn
t5ortfesun0 aui eetie 81