davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-12-16

tary and civil demands. But for
the present, there will be cutbacks,
according to all indications.
Within a few months the drain
on the civilian economy will be felt
Increasingly. Unless Federal umpires
take a strong hand, competition
for scarce consumer goods and raw
materials may send prices spiraling
upward again. Imitation in the
United States is a favorite predic-
ton with Kremlin economists
imitation, and then collapse of free
enterprise.
Nevertheless, tightening controls
and our apparent lead in atomic
weapons and strategic bomb car
riers may provide the time to rearm.
BY late 1854 we should have the
answer. Already new bases with
longer runways and f1atter ap-
proacheS for jet aircraft are taking
shape in Europe, Africa, the Near
East, Alaska, Greenland, Labrador,
the Far East as well as here.
Aircraft production is now about
$50 planes month-6,600 a year
OF all types from B-36 bombers to
liaison single-seaters, with combat
types representing less than half
the output. We may get $500 TO
10000 planes next year, and pos
Sibly can double that by the end of
1858. This means stricter chan
neling of all requirements, but not
a duplication of the all-out war
time effort which gave us more
than 100000 aircraft in 1914.
Six, Three and One
A rough rule-of thumb for dis
tributing the total production
may work out, in units of 10, to
six for the Air Force, three for the
Navy and Marines and one for
North Atlantic treaty nations.
Output of $4,000 new planes by the
end of 1854 could provide a modern
143-wing Air Force, plus Navy and
Marine buildups and fulfillment of
our commitments to European
allies.
The difficulty, if not impossibility,
in matching our World War II out
put lies In the complexity of mod
ern aircraft. Plane for plane, the
new ones are twice as heavy, five
times as expensive and three times
as costly in fuel consumption. Then,
too, they carry special radar-type
equipment unheard of or sparingly
used in the last war.
OF course, we get increased per-
formance in exchange for increased
expenditure, but it is a relatively
slow process to build a modern let
fighter or bomber, compared with
Evening star., 1951-12-16

Air Force) or the Congressional
Aviation Policy Board.
Only few months before Korea,
Congress reversed the usual trend
by appropriating more money for
the military than the President or
his then Secretary of Defense Louis
Johnson were willing to spend.
About billion dollars for expan-
sion of the aircraft production base
was frozen.
The time lost by this billion-dol-
lar saving" cannot be bought now
with any number of billions. 1t
takes from four to six years to get
a modern combat airplane off the
drawing board and into an opera
tional squadron. What we did in
l946 and 1947 shaped the cutting
edge of the fighters currently en-
gaging the Chinese" pilots, some
of whom speak Russian.
Evening star., 1951-12-16

production. The rate may get up to
1900 planes q month by the end
Of 1952-if materials and man.
power are made available. Only
by that time can we hope to match
the current rate of the Soviets, and
then only with the breaks.
The Russians showed five new
swept-wing Jet fighter types to for
eign observers last July. One,
perhaps two, of these are believed
to be in production. The others
probably are test models not yet in
production, or experimental ships.
Improvement on British Jet
The Soviet-made fighters en-
countered so far are built around
improved versions of the Rolls
Royce Meme jets which had about
5000 pounds of thrust thrust" is
the Jet yardstick, as horsepower is
the conventional one-when the
Russians received them from the
British four years ago.
MIG-15s are rated in the current
issue Of James "All the Worlds Air
craft" at maximum speed of some
$40 miles an hour. This is 30 miles
under world speed record set by
stock F-S6A model three years ago.
The F-86A carried standard mill
tary equipment, approximating
what James MIG-15 presumably
carried.
The heavy score of kills run up
by our outnumbered pilots in vir-
tually all major air-to-air encoun-
ters apparently is due more to skill
and teamwork than to any superior
ity Of equipment.
1t seems likely the Russians will
unveil something better than the
MIG-15 If shooting breaks out at
any Of more than half dozen
friction spots in Europe or the Near
East.
Why the Shortage?
There Is speculation that the
danger Of war elsewhere is the
principal reason we have spread
out our air-power-in-be being much
thinner than we would choose, CIV
ing part OF 1t to the theater of war
and reServing part for potential
theaters. Another belief is that
advanced fighter types now in pro-
duction are being kept in the United
States for operational training of
crews. Both reasons are correct,
but the Air Force will not say which
is the governing one. At any rate,
1t is known that there are in pro-
duction later, faster series and
newer, entirely different types than
are opposing the Reds in MIG Alley.
North Atlantic Treaty commit
Evening star., 1951-12-16
America Faces Belt Tightening in Race for Air Supremacy

A MERICA, which is running
IN second-best In the race for
supremacy In the air, faces a
Spartan choice OF guns or butter
but not both-for the next few
years and 1t is up to the coming
session of Congress to decide which
1t viii be.
Aircraft being the complex ma
chimes they are, a proposed build
up in the next three years to q
force Of 10000 first-nne planes can
not be accomplished without cutting
heavily into the production of
everything from automobiles to egg
beaters. AS the aircraft assembly
lines approach full speed, there will
be civilian shortages, an added labor
market boom and - inevitably -
more taxes or their ostrichlike al
tentative, deficit spending and q
bigger national debt.
The easily seen result, OF course,
is wartime sacrifice In what still
bears superficial resemblance to
peacetime.
Whether the United States can
or should accept such sacrifices will
be Congress job to decide when 1t
considers the recommendations of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff for a 143-
wing Air Force and increases In
naval and Marine air strength.
When, last summer at Detroit,
President Truman blew the whistle
that started our rearmament pro-
gram In earnest, the experts were
planning In terms Of 95 air groups
and . buildup period Of about two
years. Now, with 14S groups the
suggested figure, they look for q
three-year buildup.
Neither term Of years Is appn-
cable In o wartime situation, nor
Is either number Of air groups. But
the buildup now is of the same
sort as that projected last summer
IA growth of strength to the point
where Soviet aggression will be held
In check by fear Of our retaliatory
power.
Evening star., 1951-12-16
Unheeded Prophecy

Meanwhile, the bitter, ominous
stalemate In Korea drives home,
once more, preachment advanced
unavailingly by several generations
OF American military prophets
that nobody, not even Uncle Sam
with his billions and his know
how" can buy military power over
night. This was true in World
War I, when not a single American
produced fighter airplane rose into
the French sky to contest Rich
totem and the other aces Of the
German air force. It was true
in World War II, when, even as
the arsenal of democracy" we did
not hit peak production until a
year before the war ended. 1t is
even truer now, when combat air
craft are different from earlier
ships not merely in degree, but vir-
tually in kind.
A technical revolution has oc-
CURED all over the globe. New de-
yelopments in jet propulsion, radar,
atomic weapons and guided missiles
have rendered World War II equip
ment obsolescent at a rate never
before equaled in history.
1t was obvious, even before Korea,
that Russia was holding consumer
production to minimum, chan
neling her vast energies and re-
sources along warlike lines.
Russia Kept EN- Rolling
When World War II stopped, so
Ito great extent-did our assem-
bly, lines. Russia's, on the other
hand, never slowed down; in many
fields, in fact, they speeded up as
though the wars end was nowhere
In sight.
And there is the clue. Ideologi-
cally, Russia's war did not end with
the capture Of Berlin and the
capitulation Of Japan. And, for
the Leaders OF the Soviet Union, 1t
will not end until "peace"-of the
Red variety-prevatls.
AS the situation now stands, 1S
months after the Reds resorted to
open warfare to extend their from
tiers, we have a little more than
doubled our pre-Korean aircraft
Evening star., 1951-12-16
Labor Shortage

Major manufacturers have spread
subcontracts far and wide, under a
national policy to broaden the base
OF production. Half a million work.
ers are building planes and COM
ponents, and by July this force
may be million-if the required
skills can be obtained. Even so,
the July goal will be only half the
World War II peak.
But industry runs into a very
tough situation in recruiting work.
ers. The scarcer a skill, the less its
practitioner is inclined to leave
regular work for job which may
run its course in a short time.
Industry remembers, not without
bitterness, its experience in 1945.
During the war the industry was
assured that about 10 per cent OF
military construction contracts
would be continued, on a competi-
tive basis. into the postwar period
in order to keep the vital industry
alive. But after vi day the cut
back was nearer 95 per cent, and
the vast army of World War II
professionals were out Of jobs.
They found civilian employment
with far more security, and 1t is
questionable whether they will run
the same risk again.
Soorce Engineers
Competent engineers are increas-
ingly scarce, and will become rela-
lively scarcer during the coming
buildup. Colleges will be turning
out fewer graduates in aeronauticaI
engineering in the next few years,
because three or four years ago the
struggling aircraft industry Of
fered few opportunities.
Also, under current wage CELL
ings, the industry cannot compete
with other manufacturers in hiring
highly skilled artisans-machinis
toolmakers and the like.
Rosie Is Missing
In the last war almost 81 per cent
OF the production workers were
women. At present the figure is
only about Is per cent. There are
several reasons for this. No all-out
war has summoned housewives from
their kitchens, and the work on Jet
aircraft is more demanding. A
larger physical effort is required, in
addition to increased technical skill.
The whole problem will be pre-
sented to Congress soon. Powerful
leaders in the House are known to
support the airpower buildup, and
Chairman Johnson, Democrat, of
Texas already has seconded the
views of his Senate Preparedness
subcommittee.
Somebody is going to have to
decide how much butter and how
many guns" he says. Further
more, that decision will have to be
made in terms of the national de-
fense instead of the national ap-
petite"
In any event, it would appear
that the old stop-and-go system of
military aircraft procurement is a
thing of the pastor should be, If
it isn't. The peaks and valleys of
the old order are too deep, too high
and too costly.
The billions now on tap testify to
the necessity for continuous future
planning. The industry which had
plenty of time and no money, from
1946 to June, 1850, now has plenty
OF money, but very little time.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17
TOday's
ANNIVERSARIES

l744-Elbridge Gerry, Massa-
chusettS merchant, signer 81 lie
Declaration of Independence he
fifth Vice President, born at
blehead, Mass. Died Nov. g. 1914
l745-Timothy Pickering. Rev
dictionary soldier, holder Of three
cabinet positions under Presideat
Washington, who performed peat
services for the country, born IN
Salem, Mass. Died Jan. 20, 1879.
l763-John Jacob Astor, ilrliii-
grant fur trader, developer Of
America, founder of the family
fortune, born in Germany. Died
March %, 1848.
l809-Samuel M. FELTON,, noted
railroad head, of great serviee 10
the Union of Linooin's day. bon
in Newbury, Mass. Died Jan.
1889.
1352-John McKim, Episcopal
missionary bishop in Japan iar
more than so years, born Pits
field, Mass. Died April 4. 1885.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17
10 YEARS AGO

Lights go out at 9 pm, for Il
20 minutes test tonight in the
first partial blackout the city has
ever seen Merchants were re-
quested TO turn out electric signs
and lights in display windows.
The two areas where home own
ers were asked to turn out all
lights and where automobiles viii
not be admitted during the test
are near Fort Taylor, the navy
station and the army barracks.
Navy planes will fly over the city
shooting pictures and observers
will watch for lighted spots which
would reveal the whereabouts of
strategic targets.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17

From the editorial page pf The
Citizen: Those overhurlenai
with income should invest Il 4
newspapers. The losses wopld ri
lieve them Of heavy income tax
es. Tape Marshall Field IFS MI
lion dollar a year loss on P.M 8
New York tabloid. pm, folded
by the way).
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17

Col. Webster Putnam, eXecu-
tive officer Of Battery E 18th
Coast artillery, today warned
residents Of the TT. Taylor area
to keep their windows open and
remove pictures from the wall
before gunnery practice starts at
the fort Tuesday The forts 155
nm guns will be fired south at a
range up to 10000 yards and fer
the first time here will be used
on moving targets towed by des-
troyerS.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17

City attorney Aquilino Lopez
Jr., accompanied by his father
Aquilino Lopez and fatllefis-
law Arturo Lujan, left this mora
ing ON the steamship Florida 90
route to San Diego de In Banss,
Cuba, where they viii remain far
q few weeks.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17

Capt. Fred Marvd, command
ing officer of the county defense
force today urged all members of
the old home guard which has
been disbanded to turn in their
uniforms at the national guard
armory tonight before 1870.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17

Monroe county automobile own
ers who want to pick their own
number for next years license
tag and who would like to con-
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17

tribute to the states needy M
crippled children, may do 81 Il
depositing a dollar at the use
Of County Tax collector Joe ~
Mahon.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-17

DR.. Warren Weaver Of Tie
Rockefeller Foundation, erninent
mathematician, born in Deeds-
burg, Wis, 81 years ago.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10

before his Inflated mission, Brown
wrote, in part, 81 love to tell you
how much | love and adore you E. :.
My heart belongs to you always :. {.
it was little past midnight when
| started this, but who cares {.
we're in love and that's what mat
tiers.
"My Biggest hope still is that
somehow, through the mercy of
God, this war can come to a close
without us getting into an about
war with China -.
Darling, heaven alone can know
how much | need you and how
badly | want to see you >. If only
my heart could talk and if only my
hungry, lonely arms could enfold
you, darling.
"Often when | climb into my
rack at night all the loneliness of
the day seems to descend upon me
and I'm haunted by thousand
sweet memories of you Then
all the tears that I've been holding
back all day refuse to be held back
any longer and | just lay there in
loneliness and misery and cry my
heart out t.. | pray to God to see
my tears and grant that through
His pity and mercy we may be to-
gether again soon.
''Please try and keep your chin
up -. way up, darling +. Believe
in God and believe that things,
will work out all right He'll
see us through"
Brown also left a 2-year-old
daughter, Pamela. Two men on the
aircraft carrier Leyte, who held
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10
Proud Of Negro
Catholics, Says
Bishop In South;
Promises Help
To Improve
Conditions

RALEIGH, N. c., March g.
(Special)-More than a quarter of
the Raleigh diocese's Catholic
school pupils are in schools Is
pecially devoted to the colored
race, Bishop Vincent S. Waters of
Raleigh reported in a pastoral let
ter in which he paid tribute to the
Negroes in his flock.
"Out of SO parishes for all peo-
pie, "A are devoted especially to
the colored,' he wrote. "Out of
1869 priests, Al are devoted especi-
ally to our colored people. Of 226
Sisters, 90 are working especially
for the colored.
"Out of 80 schools, Is are de-
voted to our colored children. Out
of 5000 children in Catholic
schools, 1000 are in Catholic
schools especially devoted to the
colored race.
I'VE are proud of our colored
Catholics in North Carolina, some
of whom are graduates of Catholic
universities, colleges and schools,
some business and professional
people of the highest education
and culture; but we are especially
proud of them because they are
religious men and women and be-
long to us, as we do to them, in
the Mystical Body of Christ.
1--WE are going to help them,
more and more, to gain better liv-
ing conditions and greater oppor-
tunities, both spiritual and tenn
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10
Negro EnIistments
For Feb. Listed

The U. S. Army and u. S. Air
Force Recruiting Services here this
week listed the following Negro
enlistments for the month of Feb
ruary. Name, town and branch of
service:
Lee, Eugene Douglas, Meridian,
RIA.
Gilmore, Luther H., Hatties-
burg, RIA.
Spells, Willie, Meridian, RA.
Farris, Joseph, Jr., Vicksburg,
RIA.
Johnson, Percy Lee, Jackson,
RA.
Lewis, Freddie, Bay st. Louis,
RA.
Lindsey, Robert, Jackson, RIA.
Sims, Charles Edward, Vicks-
burg, RA.
Hill, Christopher Columbus, Me-
ridian, RA.
Lewis, Clyde, West, RA.
Lipsey, Walter L., Jackson, RIA.
Suffers, Robert Lee, Jackson,
RIA.
Warren, Robert Allen, Jr., Boil
ton, RA. A.
Wolfe, James Aubrey, Jackson,
RA.
Jones, Matthew, Meridian, AT.
Henderson, Johnny, Meridian,
RA.
Jones, Lizzie, Jackson, WAC.
Green, Robert Arthur, Jackson,
AT.
Bailey, Percy, Jackson, RA.
Davis, James, Jr., Jackson, RA.
jenkins, James Edward, Hat
tiesburg, RIA.
Jones, L. H., Laurel, RA.
Mayweathers, Chester Arthur,
Jackson, RA.
higgins, Leon, Jackson, RIA.
Robinson, Nathon Henry, Jack
son, RA.
Antwine, Cornelius, Vicksburg,
RA.
kinnard, Joseph, Meridian, RA.
johnson, Cleveland, Jr., Jackson,
RA.
White, Edwit, Brookhaven, RIA.
Kelly, Essie Virginia, Meadville,
WAC.
Jones, Willie James, Jackson.
RA.
Dunlap, William Henry, Merid-
ian, RA.
Hall, James Oliver, Laurel, AT.
Dove, William Henry, Meridian,
RIA.
Ratliff, Douglas, Jackson, RA.
Oliver, Joe, Meridian, RA.
Keetion, Jerry Dean, Meridian,
RIA.
Jones, Frank Lee, Meridian, RA.
Gatewood, Willie Payton, Boil
ton, RIA.
Jordan, Robert Lee, Jackson,
RIA.
Jenkins, James Henry, Gloster,
RIA.
Jones, Theodis, Meridian, RIA.
Porter, Oswald, Gloster, RA.
Robinson, William Henry, Clos
ter, RA.
Taplin, Irving, Jr., Gloster, RA.
Ware, Laverne, Meridian, RIA.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10
Mrs. Roosevelt !
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
nation OF ours that we are moving
toward the realization that all
people, that all human beings are
equal"
She pointed out that two-thirds
of the people of the world are col
ored and that most of the needy
and underprivileged are within
their ranks. She said that the one
third which was white had proven
by and large to be those who were
The exploitCrs and they had fur
thered the assumption that they
were superior. "But a new day
IS here" Mrs. Roosevelt declared.
The sponsors of the dinner are
among the colored leaders of the
community. 1t was perhaps the
first time a dinner of such size
and scope had been presented in
downtown hotel under Negro spon-
sorship, The attendance was in
ter-racial.
John H. Sengestacke, publisher
of the Chicago Defender, was gen
eral chairman of the S25 a plate
event. Co-chairmen were Mrs.
Alone Foemon and Robert 7. Tay-
lor. Truman K Gibson, ST., and
James E. Stamps were honorary
chairmen. During the dinner,
Sengestack presented Dr.. Edward
J. Sparkling check for $4,000,
the proceeds of the event.
Mrs. Edith Sampson introduced
Mrs. Roosevelt in a brief but bril-
liant presentation. She expressed
her gratitude to Mrs. Roosevelt
for the guidance and whole-he
ed help which had been given her
as an alternate delegate in the
United Nations.
Mrs. Roosevelt in turn paid
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10

Mrs. Sampson a tribute. She ex-
pressed pleasure in being able to
say in Chicago what she had said
IN other places, that no woman
who had served on the UN dele
cation had displayed more ability
or made a greater contribution
Turning to Mrs. Sampson, the for
mer First Lady said, "You did a
swell job and you deserve every
thing which came your way in the
form of appreciation"
DR.. Edward J. Sparkling, pfesi-
dent of Roosevelt College, spoke.
Miss Eta Moten sang. Bishop
w. j. Walls gave the invocation.
Roosevelt college has no endow-
ment. 1t exists upon student fees
and efforts such as this annual
salute.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10

roral; so that they may take their
rightful place in Church and COM
munity which God himself has
granted to them"
Bishop Waters warned that ito
believe that one race or nation is
superior to another in the Church,
or before God, is heresy and should
be condemned"
Equal rights are accorded,
therefore, to every race and every
nationality in any Catholic Church,
and within the church building it
self everyone is given the privi-
lege to sit or kneel wherever he
desires and to approach the Sac
raments without any regard to
race or nationality" he continued.
pastors are responsible for the
observance of this practice"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10
E:bony .

Continued from Page Ohe)
Ger to die in any T. S, War, to his
wife, Daisy, in Hattiesburg, Miss,
the night before he went on his i'll
fated mission from the aircraft
carrier U.S.S. Yete, and which
EBONY, Negro picture magazine,
publishes exclusively in its current
issue.
The love of a man for the woman
he's left behind, the loneliness and
the bitterness of young man
fighting for his country thousands
of miles from his homeland, his
intense desire to return to peace
AND tranquility again-all this is
eloquently expressed by 24-year-old
Ensign Brown to his wife the night
before he crashed to his death in
the Chosin Reservoir area sector on
December 4 - a tragedy that was
front page news in many newspa-
pers because Of Browns status as
the first Negro naval aviator.
To his wife, Daisy, on that night
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10
Tired of Raw Food,
EScapee Gives UD

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. = The
second of two dangerous" escaped
convicts surrendered meekly to
police here wearied by nearly AZ
hours of eating raw eggs and corn.
August Overlook, SO, convicted
murderer, offered no resistance
when he was spotted walking thru
field on the outskirts of the city.
He said he had nothing to eat but
raw food taken from farms.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-03-10

Brown in high regard, have raised
$4,000 for a trust fund to assure
the daughter a college education.