davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1951-03-21
A. F. R. s. MARKS AIR FORCE BASE NOME, ALASKA

e~eeoeSoeS oooAe -
 NOME. ALASKA
 WEDNESDAY. March 2l.
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 6:l5-Requestfully Yours
 7:00-Screen Guild Players 7:30-Club SIS"
 7:4S-Beulah
 8:00-My Favoritte Husband 8:30-Vaughn Monroe 9:00-News $ s:l5-LitelUp Time ,.s:30-Big Story F l0:00-Name It for a Song l0:30-One Night Stand ll:00-Jack Smith ll:l5-WordS with Music ll:301At Ease
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 THURSDAY. March P 9:00-Morning Melodies
 9:15-Morning DevotionS 9:30-HoSpital Requests 10:00-The Clevelandaires 10:30-Red Foley 11:00-Jack Berch 11;15-Science Mag. of the Air 11:30-I & E Special Noon-Luncheon Turn Table l:00-Yesterday's Best
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 FRIDAY. March 2a 800 a.m.-Morping Melodies 9:I5-Morning Devotions 9:30-Hospital Requests I0:00-The Clevelandaires l0:3e-Red Foley Berch Between Us l1:30-I. & E Special Noon-Luncheon Turntable 1:00-Yesterday's Best 1:30-AFRS Ranch-house 2:00-Bookshelf of The World 2::30-Magic Carpet 2::45-Guest Star 3:00-Matinee Melodies 3::30-Good Friday Services 4::30-Curt Massey 4:45-Behind The Story 5:00-Burns and Allen
The Nome nugget., 1951-03-21
BURIAL FOR INFANT SON

BURIAL FOR INFANT SON OF FR1EDA IoKIENNA
 David Iokienna, infant son of Frieda Iokienna, was buried Mon- day afternoon with a quiet grave side ceremony performed by Rev. Treat.
Evening star., 1951-06-01

considering replacement Of Gen.
Macarthur.
Two members of the Joint
Chiefs-Admiral Sherman and
Gen. Vandenberg-met with
Gen. Bradley on April 5, the day
the Martin letter came out. At
this meeting Admiral Sherman
suggested that q fiye-star gen.
eral-Secretary Marshall go
out to Tokyo and try to
straighten things out. Another
suggestion was that a letter be
sent to harmonic differences.
Then the Joint Chiefs
this time with Gen. Collins
present-met on Sunday, April
s, with Secretary Marshall and
discussed who should replace
Gen. Macarthur and what the
military considerations" for q
replacement were. so they could
be stated informally to the
President by Gen. Bradley.
There were no further meet
ingS. The members of the Joint
Chiefs had no opportunity to
discuss or debate the matter
with the President or to indi-
cate how the replacement should
be effected. Gen. Collins heard
that a decision had been made
when he was awakened at $50
am. on the following Tuesday
to arrange for q plane to take
Gen. Van Fleet to Korea. Ad-
miral Sherman heard OF the de-
cision on the radio the Wednes-
day morning 1t appeared in the
newspapers.
Thus, none of the Joint Chiefs
had an opportunity to partici-
pate directly with the President
in deciding the method or pro-
cedure by which a five-star gen.
eral was relieved instantly of
MS command.
It was not until 10 days later
that the military considera-
tions" which influenced the Joint
Chiefs to concur in the removal
of Gen. Macarthur were put
down on paper, and then only as
the best recollection of the three
members. It was not a formal
paper. The Joint Chiefs never
had a formal meeting or kept
any minutes.
The simple truth is that, in
effect, the boss" told his sub
ordinates he was thinking of re-
moving an important com.
mander. and the three members
of the Joint Chiefs had the op-
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Constantine Brown:
Senators Amazed at Sherman
Statement That Navy Is Ready for Any Emergency
Contrasts ShorpIy With Needs of Other Services

can air force to such an extent
that this country would be de-
prived of air support for our own
shores and for Western Europe.
Some of his testimony was de-
leted from the published record.
The conclusion must be drawn.
however. that We have far fewer
planes for active combat than
the general public knows or Is
entitled to count on after spend
ing so many billions for aviation
in the last five years. Nobody
can doubt the skill and ability Of,
our airmen.
Gen. Vandenberg also indi-
Gated that it would take at least
another two years before we
could meet all the commitments
in which we are now involved,
A similar situation seems to exist
insofar as the ground forces
are concerned. -.
No minded American
could imagine that Gems. VAN
denberg and Collins made these
statements to fit the political
ideas of their civilian superiors,
who are attempting to prove
Cd that Gen. MacArthur's
strategy was all wrong. and (2)
that we should try to get out
of the Korean conflict as quick
ly as possible, lest we lose an
eventual war in Europe.
For these reasons it was re-
freshing for the members Of
the Armed Services Committee
many of whom also belong to
the Appropriations Committee
to hear from the lips of the
Chief of Naval Operations that
the Navy is ready" for any
emergency. @ s..
Admiral Sherman is said to
have been somewhat tinid in
making such a statement in op-
position to statements of the
Army and Air Force Chiefs Of
Staff. He did not try to pleas
antly surprise the legislators,
who must vote money for the
Defense Department. He merely
stated a factual situation.
The Navy can discharge all
the responsibilities with which
it may be charged. as soon as it
reactivates the ships which are
now in mothballs.
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Doris FIeeson:

A Congress entering its sixth
month with the feeblest record
OF accomplishment In recent
years Is beginning to ask itself
whether the conservative coali-
ton is not OVERRIDING its mayhem
Of President Truman's program.
The President is sure 1t has.
He is willing. even eager. to go
to the country with his own ver-
sion Of events in Washington.
He has no fear Of his reception.
If he does attempt it his west
ern terminus will be dedication
ceremonies at the Central VAL
ley project in California-these
great reclamation, water and
power projects are always good
for one more dedication when
it is politically desirable. A
tentative plan is being prepared
to welcome him there in August.
A dissenter is said to be Ma
tional Chairman Boyle, who
wants to leave well enough
alone. He has been encouraged
by, the Denver meeting of the
national committee to believe
that time is on the administra-
tion side and he thinks the Pres
ident's campaigning can wait.
Not all Denver observers are
so optimistic. They concede
that the Presidents conduct of
foreign policy is gaining ground; !;
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Dovid LoMence:
Real Story Of Macarthur Firing
Picture Pieced Together for First Time by Examination
Of Testimony Given by Chiefs Of Stoff at Hearing
Dovid Lawrence:

Now that every member of the
Joint Chiefs Of Staff has testi-
fed before the Senate commit
tee, the picture Of what hap
pened when Gen. Macarthur
was removed can be pieced to-
gether for the first time.
President Truman had from
time to time been advised of
the discussions which went on
between the headquarters at
Tokyo and Washington con-
corning the conduct Of the war
In the Far East. He was aware
that Gen. Macarthur wanted to
fight the war without restric-
items and he was aware of the
State Departments belief that
the Allies didn't want those re-
strictions lifted for fear Rus
sia might intervene.
The situation was not unusual
as between a commander in a
distant theater-6,000 miles
away-and the home command.
Messages usually are exchanged
in which differences of opin-
ion are debated, and criticisms
are frequent. Since all this
is inside the family, so to speak.
the public isn't aware of it
and no particular thought is
given on the inside Of official
dom to the fact that there
are such differences.
Then, all of a sudden, on
April 5. letter written by Gen.
Macarthur to Representative
Martin of Massachusetts,, Re-
publican leader, was made pub
lie by the latter. It didn't con-
tain anything not previously re-
ported in the press concerning
MacArthur's views about using
Chinese Nationalist armies nor
was it different from the in
formation given to members OF
Congress visiting the Far East
who disclosed the generals
views in subsequent interviews.
But Mr.. Truman heard a
squawk from the State Depart
ment about America speaking
with "two voices" and how our
allies would be offended. So
he decided the time had come
to do something about the prob
lem. He sent word to the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff to start thinking
about reasons for what he
wanted to do, and it was made
clear by Gen. Bradley, chairman
Of the Joint Chiefs, to the other
members that Mr.. Truman was
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Thomas L. Stokes:
Big Oil Knows No Party Lines
Agents Use Contributions on Both Sides Of the Stree
Irving to Get Jurisdiction Over Newest Sources

Senator Long. Democrat, of
Louisiana subsequently offered
a substitute which would
give Jurisdiction to the States
and that was adopted, z to 6,
by the switch Of one vote. That
was the vote of Senator McFar-
land, Democrat, of Arizona, who
happens to be Democratic Floor
Leader and the administrations
legislative manager. One of SEN
ator McFarland's chief pro-
moters for the party leadership
post was Senator Kerr, Demo-
crat. Of Oklahoma, recognized
as the oil industry's chief spokes-
man In the Senate, and author
Of the Kerr natural-gas bill. He
was very effective in lining up
votes for the Arizona Senator,
particularly among Southern
Democrats.
The substitute bill of Sena-
tor Long was found defective
from a legal standpoint and
Senator O'Mahoney named a
subcommittee, of which he is
a member, TO perfect it. It still
rests in the subcommittee and
seemingly will for quite some
time. Undoubtedly it was this
delaying maneuver that pro-
voked Speaker Rayburn to
speak up. He has a tough custo-
mer in Senator O'Mahoney. who
is due public support for his
fight in behalf Of Federal con-
troll Of IAN area of vast potential
wealth beneath the open seas
which belongs to the people of
all the States" as he puts It.
Evening star., 1951-06-01

Force personnel. People of al
most all countries can pe trained
into good ground fighters. But a
Navy and Air Force cannot be
improviSed. regardless Of how ex-
cellent the material provided
them.
For many generations there
were only three nations which
possessed f1rst-rate navies: The
United States. Britain and Ger
many. The others, were inferior,
regardless Of the efforts their
governments made to improve
them.
For instance, Mussolini spent
a large portion of the national
income Of Italy in an attempt to
build a f1rst-class navy. Italian
surface ships and submarines
were excellent. But when it
came to action, they were always
defeated in World War II by
the British navy.
The japanese, who were sup
posed to be Sea-faring people,
also spent the bulk of their
national income in preparation
for "the day." Their ships we're
first class and the crews were
imbued with fanatical patrio-
tism. But the Japanese fleet
eventually disintegrated when it
had to fight the American Navy.
These are only a few recent
examples from a long history
of naval engagements, which
proved that good sea fighters are
born and not created by train
ing.
The same thing seems to ap-
ply to the Air Forces. Through
out World War II the Russians
never distinguished themselves
in the air. German airmen con-
sidered a transfer from the
Western to the Eastern front.
where they did not have to
fight American and British avia-
ton, as a holiday.
It is highly doubtful that the
Chinese are any better. Yet Gen.
Vandenberg, who earned his
rapid promotion as daredevil
commander Of fighting groups
and not as a strategist, stated
that an operation across the
Yalu would involve the Ameri-
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Doris FLeeson:
Macarthur Issue Loses Force
Truman Eager to Garry to People Of the Nation
His Own Version of Events in Washinqton

Of Gen. Eisenhower without CIV
ing them any one in his place
unless 1t is the extremely con-
troversial General from the Far
East.
An anxious Republican grum-
bles that even Mr.. Truman ap-
pears formidable under these
circumstances.
Administration Democrats have
stfll to make a stand for any of
the Fair Deal programs or such
private bills in which they are
interested as Federal aid for
medical education. They want
first to do all possible spade
work in the cloakrooms so as to
give their pet measures the best
chance Of enactment.
But they are now saying that
they will force at least the
Senate to go on record one way
or another on representative
bills before the session ends.
Even If the bills lose, they say,
it will show who is responsible
and put the coalition on the de-
fensive.
The 80th Congress ignored the
Truman program and passed
only three major domestic
measures: the Taft-Hartley Act,
a tax cut and a rate bill the rail-
roads wanted. At the polls it
wasn't good enough.
Evening star., 1951-06-01

portunity to protest or to concur.
They now have stated under
oath that they did not initiate
any recommendation" but SIM
ply '.concurred" in the Presi-
dents proposal. The question
OF replacing Gen. Macarthur.
had never been discussed and
never had arisen in any meet
ing of the Joint Chiefs Of Stan, i,
formal ~or informal, prior ito
April 5. 1851.
There is one big unanswered
question. Senator Hickenlooper
of Iowa. Republican, asked it of
Gen. Collins. Gen. Vandenherg
and Admiral Sherman sep
arately. 1t was. In effect, this:
II the military considerations"
existed prior to the April 5
meeting, as is conceded. then
why didn't the Joint Chiefs
think those military reasons of
sufficient Importance to bring
the matter to the Presidents at
tention and request removal?
Admiral Sherman said the
situation had not become acute.
Gen. Collins said it was IAN ac-
cumulation Of things" and that
he did not know the President
had become fed up" with the
debate that had occurred.
None of the replies really
answered the question of Sen
ator Hickenlooper. For the
truth is that not one of the
three members of the Joint
Chiefs was ready to concur in
the removal of Gen. Macarthur
until they found out that this
was what the President wanted.
And Mr.. Truman didn't know
he wanted to do it-although
he says now he had been think
ing about it for several months
until that fatal letter to
Representative Martin became
public. It was political attack
as Mr.. Martin used the letter
and political attacks are very
important to the man in the
White House. They seem to have
been more important than the
fate of the Far Eastern COM
mand in the middle of a battle
and the risks involved in a sud-
den change In the all-important
command which had satisfactor-
lily governed Japan and carried
on delicate relationships with
the japanese government and
people over a period Of more
than five years.
Reproduction Rights Reserved.)
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Henry WcLenore::
Puzzles Over Questions
Army Asks College Boys

amount Of celery contained 64
calories, how many ounces of
celery would you need to equal
the caloric content Of 10 ounces
Of asparagus?
The college boy who got that
one right is ripe for OCS. The
Army needs more second lieu
tenants who talk Of asparagus
and celery and calories and not
so much about themselves. and
when in the world they are 60
ing to get that silver bar.
OF course, the Army was
showing off in this question.
Asparagus and celery are not
staple Army fare, any more
than pate de fois gras and rain
bow trout. My guess is that the
Army figured some Of the smart
students would be hungry by the
time they reached this question,
and wodld run to volunteer in
the hope Of getting a gourmet's
meal. Some chance!
distributed By McNausht Syndicate.
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Henry McLe

How it took any of those coll
lege boys more than half an
hour to finish their papers in
that examination the Army gave
last week, is beyond me.
AS soon as I read some Is or
20 of the questions, published in
the newspapers the next day, ]
knew that I would have finished
up in 10 minutes fiat.
I would have just written mo
dice!" across the top Of my
examination sheet, and then
gone over in a corner Of the
room and started practicing sa-
luting. the manual of arms.
close-order drill, bugle calls and
the firing of Long Tom rifles.
The day the college boys were
taking their test, I was in Rock
efeller Center undergoing an
examination for a new passport.
I came near to f1unking it, even
though all the questions con-
cerned me and my immediate
family.
Thank goodness there was a
smart young fellow right next
to me filling out his form, so /
was able to take a peek or two
at his application and get the
answers to such puzzlers as date
and place of my birth, mothers
maiden name, distinguishing
marks or scars and color of
eyes.
But to get back to the cues
tions the Army asked the COL
lege boys, it seems to me that
the men who were able to an
swer correctly are the men who
should be put in the Army, not
deferred.
Take this one for example.
There are 80 girls in o gym
class. A game is played in which
only IL girls can play at one.
time. How much time in minutes
can each girl play in the 25-
minute period If each is to play
an equal amount of time?
This question. as any student
of Van Clausewitz knows, has
puzzled field commanders from
the time of Alexander the Great
until the present day. and count
less are the battles that have
been lost because no one was
around who could answer it.
It is a foxy question, this gym
class puzzler. There are a thou
sand factors to be considered.
What age girls? Old-fashioned
girls In bloomers and MILDLY
blouses or new-fashioned ones
in shorts? And what game did
they play? If they boxed, some
Of the girls were sure to have
been kayoed, thus greatly re-
ducing the length OF time they
were active.
Braddock, some historians
tell us, was ambushed by the
Indians because his ca gave
him six minutes as the amount
Of time each girl could play in
stead of 10 minutes.
Here is another of the Army
questions:
If l6 ounces Of asparagus con-
tanned 88 calories and the same
Evening star., 1951-06-01

None other than the Speaker
of the House, Sam Rayburn Of
Texas. ostensibly the Truman
administration leader there, now
comes out with a statement
urging the House Judiciary
Committee to get to work and
get out a bill turning the tide
lands over to the States-just
like the one President Truman
vetoed once. In this unusual
gesture, the Speaker sought to
throw his prestige into play
and he has considerable
against the administration.
Again, incidentally, the Speaker
did the same thing once before
when he took the floor in person
rare for a Speaker-to urge
House passage Of the Kerr nat
ural gas bill which oil wanted.
a use of his prestige that was
thwarted by the Presidents veto.
In the case Of the tidelands
matter the Speaker apparently
was being impatient because Of
delay in the Senate. There have
been some interesting maneu-
verS there.
They revolve about a bill
sponsored jointly by Senator
O'Mahoney, Democrat. Of Wyo-
ming, chairman of the Interior
and Insular Affairs Committee,
a champion of Federal control
of tidelands, and Senator An
derson, Democrat, of New Mex
ico That measure declares the
paramount interest Of the Fed
eral Government in tidelands
but seeks to meet the uncer-.
tain situation now existing in
which tidelands oil development
has been curtailed because of
confusion over jurisdiction. It
provides that, pending final ad-
judication of this issue by Con-
gress, certain equitable rights
Of the States in tidelandS will
be met, that the States viii
share directly in revenues. and
that leases issued in good faith
by the States will be recognized
so that petroleum operations
may continue.
This measure was first ap-
proved by the committee. z to 6.
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Thonos L. Stokes:

Big oil, as we have learned,
knows no party lines.
It operates nicely across them,
working both sides of the street.
It contributes to Republican
campaign funds and, even more
showily, its agents disport them
selves at $100-a-plate Demo-
cratic Jefferson-Jackson Day
dinners in public demonstration
of contributions to that party in
the hope of favors.
Oil gets them-from Congress.
There it is powerful.
For several years now big oil
has been trying to get jurisdic-
ton over the newest oil sources
-tidelands along our coasts
vested in the States rather than
the Federal Government repre-
senting all the people. 1t has
found, as have other big econ
onic interests, that State gov
ernments are more plant to its
wishes than is the Federal Gov
ernment, thus providing easier
exploitation of natural re-
sources which belong to all the
people. Oil-bearing tidelands
offer bonanza to a few States,
especially now in three-Texas,
California, and Louisiana.
The Supreme Court has held
in cases brought by those three
States that the tidelands, be-
yond the low water line, are in
the Federal domain. That nat
urally didn't suit oil. So Con-
gress passed a bill to vest juris-
diction arbitrarily in the States,
In effect nullifying the Supreme
Court decision. President Tru-
man vetoed that bill, and he
was sustained. incidentally, big
oil, which owns the bulk of our
natural gas reserves, also got a
bill through Congress, the So
called Kerr bill, to weaken the
regulatory authority of the Fed
eral Power Commission over
natural gas and withdraw pro-
lection to the consumer. Presi-
dent Truman vetoed that also.
This is all q part of the his
tory Of oil in Congress.
The tidelands issue again is
active.
Evening star., 1951-06-01
Constantine Brown:

Admiral Forrest Sherman.
Chief Of Naval Operations,
amazed the Senators in the
joint committee which is in
vestigating the custer Of Gen.
Macarthur.
The amazement was not
caused by what he said about
the former supreme COM
mander's dismissal. But he was
the only head Of a service
branch to state unequivocally
that his department has all it
needs either in being or in re-
serve-to meet any present or
future emergency.
Since 1916 we have spent up
wards Of 500 billion on our
military establishment. This, of
course, does not include the
stable sums appropriated for
our allies. Yet, in spite Of the
fantastic expenditure, the Chiefs
of Staff Of the Army and Air
Force have made the disheart-
ening statement that we are not
prepared to meet a major emerg-
ency.
The Korean campaign, involv-
ing some 250.000 American fight
ing men. is being fought on
shoeString. Gen. Hoyt Vanden-
berg, Air Force Chief of Staff,
stated that If we followed Mac
Arthur's idea of bombing enemy
military installations and COM
munication lines across the Yalu
River, we would have to denude
the air defenses of the United
States and Western Europe.
The Chinese Communists are
known to have some Russian
provided aviation, estimated
generally at about $500 planes
Of all types. They lack, to a
great extent, the facilities for
repairing damaged planes. They
also lack the great quantities of
nigh octane gas needed for
large-scale operations.
Gen. Vandenberg testified
that while Chinese fighter
planes are better than ours, the
men who fly them and their fire
control devices are inferior to
ours.
There is a parallel between
the ability of the Navy and Air
Evening star., 1951-06-01

they think he can make a good
case again with the people. But
examining the Democratic pic
ture State by State, they found
many problems. weak local Or
ganizations and a general lack
of leadership.
In this respect the States, they
felt, copy the Washington lassi-
tude.
What is bothering many Re
publicans here is what substi-
tutions the party is going to
offer for what it will call the
tired Democrats.
They still have not got an
issue unless they can revive
the Macarthur caSe-and many
are unwilling to do that while
others are not SO much unwill-
ing as wary of it. Their al
lance with Southern Conserva-
tives to block legislation and
cut all Federal aid appropria-
tionS, funds for public power,
etc. is not eloquent campaign
material.
They are also short of fresh
faces, even shorter than the
Democrats who have got their
new group Of crusaders, Sena-
tors Douglas, Fulbright. Kefau-
yer and others. The Macarthur
issue, which is losing its COM
pelling force, serves to rob them