Evening star., 1951-12-14

luuired their character from an.
Iulterior motive or association o
from any impulse other than hi
desire to acquaint his superior of
ficers with the facts as he sav
and interpreted them. AS earl,
as January. 1943. he reported tina
civil war in China would brinl
about a Communist government
which would not be democratic II
the American sense, and which
would be more inclined to friend
ship with Russia than with tht
United States.
In April. 1914. he recommends
that in order to prevent Russian
dominance over part or all o.
China, the United States Govern.
ment should show a sympathetic
interest in the Communist anc
liberal groups in China. and ust
it's influence with the Kuomintanl
to promote Chinese unity on thu
foundations of progressive reform
In June, 1914. he analyZed thu
weakness of the Kuomintang which
he said were precipitating de.
bacle of which the only parties tt
benefit would be Japan immedi'
ately and Russia eventually. HI
recommended. not fiat refusal t6
aid the Kuomintang, but the USE
of that aid as leverage to induce
the Kuomintang to broaden the
base of the Government and to
undertake political reform.
When he got to Yenan he re-
ported that the Japanese there
were being faced by a total mo-
bilization based on an economic
political and social revolution. anc
that unless the Kuomintang went
as far as the Communists in polit-
ical and economic reform. the
Communists would become the
dominant force in China within a
few years. The Board finds no.
where in his reports any SYM
pathy for Russian or for world
Communism, but only a clearly
expressed fear that the policy OF
the Chinese Nationalist Govern
ment, and of the United States
Government as a supporter OF
Chang Kai-shek alone. was headed
for a major disaster that would
throw all of China into the hands
of the Soviet Union.
Kennan Assayed Reports.
The board had the benefit of
expert testimony from Mr.. George
F. Kennan. counselor of the De-
partment and for many years a
leading American authority on
the Soviet Union and Communist
matters. At the request of the
board. Mr.. Kennan examined l27
of Mr.. Services reports for the
specific purpose of forming an
opinion as to whether Or Lot they
reflected Communist or pro-Com-
munist tendencies or propaganda
themes.
After completing his exami-
nation. MIR. Kennan testified that
Mr., Services reports indicated no
Communist inspiration or guild
ance. that they were free from
the exaggerations and distortions
characteristic of Communist Prop
aganda, that III important in
stances the reports took issue with
the Communist Party line. that
some of Mr.. Services early re-
ports indicated a certain naivete
with respect to the Soviet Union
but that this was substantially
corrected in his later reports. that
Mr.. Service appeared to be re-
porting honestly and conscien-
tiously the views at which he had
arrived on the basis of an open
minded examination and analy-
sis of the facts before him. Mr.
Kennan concluded that the re-
ports could not have been the
work of a man with a closed mind
or theological preconceptions.
The board finds that. on the ba-
sis of his reports from China. Mr.
Service was neither a Communist
nor pro-Communist.
Fourth, it has been charged that
at least one of Mr.. Services re-
ports was circulated among the
Chinese Communists. and that the
Communists were advised that
Ambassador Hurley's efforts to
prevent the collapse of the Ma
tionalist Government did not rep
resent United States policy. The
charge was denied by Mr.. Serv-
ice and is entirely out of char
acter with this function. His re-
ports did not purport to state
United States policy. but only his
personal observations, conclusions
and recommendations. No evi.
dence was presented to support
this charge and the Board finds
no basis for it.
The Amerasia Affair.
In the so-called Amerasia af-
fair, Mr.. Service was charged with
furnishing classified information
to one Philip Jaffe. In 1915
Philip Jacob Jaffe of New York
City was co-editor with Kate L
Mitchell of a magazine called
Amerasia. Jaffe was born n
Russia, came to the United States
in 1905 and was naturaliZed ir
1923. He was member of the
editorial board of China Today
the official publication of the
American Friends of the Chinese
People, which had been cited a:
a Communist front by the House
Committee on Un-American Ac.
tivities. He is also reliably re-
ported to have collaborated with
other Communist front publica.
tions, to have been national treas
urer of the National Council 0.
American Soviet Friendship, Inc.
an organization on the Attorna,
- b. ,-A