davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-09-09

men whom the occupation had put
on the shelf, because of their parts
in leading Japan down the road to
ruin, are expected to take over
what segments Of control they have
not clandestinely kept or already re-
gained.
The occupations principal short
comlng-an almost inevitable one
for every democratic occupation-has
been its failure to produce new
leadership. Any new leaders who
may nave been on the horizon prob
ably have been wary of the stigma
OF collaborationism. For this reason
there is an outside chance that some
new leaders may now come forward
in Japan, II they do not emerge
quickly. however, the old guard will
be back in the saddle.
Not Enough Time
Lacking the restraining occupa-
ton influence. Japanese politicians.
working closely with big business.
probably will push the ordinary Japa-
nese slowly back toward his former
state of near-serfdom. The early
occupation dream of q large middle
Class seems destined to be impaled
on the majority's political imma-
turity. The six-year occupation
course in democratic politics was not
long enough.
THIS is not to imply that demo-
cratic advances have not been ef-
fected. 1t is rather to warn against
expecting too much. The Japanese
little man" has made some signifi-
cant gains. Under the occupation
land reform program, Japanese peas
ants have crawled out from under
the landlord system that had perse-
cuted them for years. Now possessing
title to their land. they should never
slip to that level Of degradation
again. Similarly, in the labor field,
Japanese workers have learned
that they have power if they stick
together. They are not likely to re-
linqulsh 1t. Unions have come to
stay.
Whatever forward steps these "lit-
tie men" take in q sovereign Japan
should prove solid. The people are
certain to be more enthusiastic about
gains they are forced to fight for
than they have been about those
gifts they received under occupation.
These little men" are Americas
principal hope that Japan's democ-
racy will not die, and that the island
empire eventually will develop into q
Fincere and long g-lasting friend. 4
Evening star., 1951-09-09

to the Opera House was labeled by
some as part of a White Russian
plot to assasSinate Mr.. Gromyko.
Finally, like a movie slickly pro-
duced from well-written script,
there was happy ending.
The auditorium of San Francis
cos great opera houSe-where the
United Nations had been born
was crowded but hushed Tuesday
evening as President Truman for
mally opened the conference. His
Image, spanning the continent for
the first time in history, was
brought into millions Of homes.
His voice, going to other millions
by radio, called on the conference
for peace-and as much as told the
Russians that if they truly wanted
peace, they would sign the Japanese
pact without further ado.
There could be no official Russian
response until the following day.
On Wednesday, it came.
The Cockney-like voice of New
Zealand's Sir Carl Berendsen pro-
posed adoption of the Anglo
American rules proposal, and suave
DR.. Oscar Cans of Cuba seconded
his motion.
"Is there any discussion?" Mr..
AcheSon asked.
Gromyko of Work
Mr.. Acheson's question was i'm
mediately-and willfully-misinter-
preted by Soviet Delegate Gromyko.
According to established rules of
order, Mr.. Acheson was asking for
observations for or against the New
Zealander's motion-and nothing
else.
Mr.. Gromyko, however, launched
Evening star., 1951-09-09

q demand that Red China be In
vited to the conference before any
other action was taken.
Mr.. Gromyko, the day before,
had said the conference might last
a month. Here was a proposition
calculated to make his prediction
come true. How much time would
elapSe between an invitation and
the arrival Of a Red Chinese dele
CATION was anybody's guess.
Old, FomiIior Phroses
And as the Russian fired the
explosive syllables of his demand
at the floor, the old phrases began
to drip from the lips of the stimuli
taneous interpreters: 1T is very
well known all this goes to
prove American imperialism
phrases that many listeners
had learned by heart during last
summers Security Council debate
on Korea.
Mr.. Acheson ruled the Soviet
delegate out of order, but other
members of the Russian bloc leaped
into the breach. First Czecho-
slovakias DR.. Gertrude Sekani-
nova and then Poland's serio- comic
Stefan Wierblowski came to the
aid of their big brother.
IT was here that the conference
nearly got out of hand-and here
that the meetings. rescue provided
needed spark of comic relief.
Mr.. Acheson called time on the
little Pole. But Mr.. Wierblowski, so
festooned with earphones and wire
that he looked more like a tele-
phone lineman than a diplomat,
refused to leave the rostrum.
Evening star., 1951-09-09
The Signing

The Communist bloc aside, every-
one and everything-including even
San Francisco's unpredictabls
weather-was cooperating for yes
terday mornings signing ceremony.
Bright California skies diSpelled the
pail that was cast by the Russian
dissent.
The ceremony went ahead-as
everything else at the conference
had-like clockwork. In alphabet
ical order, the delegations came to
the small table beneath the presi-
dents stand-where so much acri-
monious debate had occurred-to
sign the treaty.
There were little touches to the
formality of signing: Peru's Fer
nando Berckemeyer used a pen
handed him by an official to sign
the treaty. But he reached into
his pocket for his own pen and used
tito add a flourish below his name.
AS the nations names were called.
three absentees = Czechoslovakia,
Poland and the U. S. S. R.-were
skipped.
The Japanese were the last to
sign.H Six delegates in cutaways
affixed their signatures and the San
Francisco conferences business was
over.
Ten minutes later, after pro-
nouncing a universal benediction
for peace, Mr.. Acheson closed the
proceedings.
The formal drama at San Fran
cisco had been played out-without
the assistance of the Russian bloc
as the final curtain descended.
Only 20 minutes before the sign
ing ceremony started, Mr.. Gromyko
told a press conference that his
country was "'disassociating itself"
from the treaty meeting; in short,
he wouldn't sign.
Well Timed, But
AS final attempt to steal the
play from the signing ceremony,
Mr.. Gromyko had, from the Russian
point of view, timed his press con-
ference well. But he had failed to
take into consideration the nature
OF a free press. After talking for
45 minutes, he offered himself for
unlimited questioning. The report
ers grilled him until the very mo-
ment the signing was due to begin.
American State Department at
taches were silently praying for
some newSman to utter the usual
polite phrase: Thank you, Mr..
Gromyko."
But there was nothing polite
about the newSman who broke up
the Russians last filibustering
stand. Walking toward the door.
the reporter turned to his COL
leagues:
"Ah, come on" he said. Lets
get the hell out of here. This guys
just trying to steal the show"
Russia's drive to take over at
San Francisco could have had no
more ntting epitaph.
Evening star., 1951-09-09
---AP Wirephoto.

territory. Russia, in fact, occupies
these areas by virtue of the Yalta
agreement.)
4. The treaty says Japan will not
object If the United States holds
the Bonin Islands and the Ryukyus
including Okinawa-under United
Nations trusteeship. Mr.. Gromyko
demanded that Japan be given
sovereignty over these chains. (The
United States occupies them now.)
S. The treaty calls for occupation
troops to be withdrawn from Japan,
but allows treaty signatories-
meaning, primarily, the United
States-to make private deals with
japan for the garrisoning of secur-
ity troops there. Mr.. Gromyko de-
manded that foreign troops with
draw-period. (The United States
and Japan agreed before the con-
ference to such troop-base ac-
cord.)
These and certain other changes
having been made, Mr.. Gromyko
told the conference, the treaty
would be reasonably satisfactory.
So amended, as it happens, the
treaty also would make a sitting
duck of Japan and break wide open
the Vests defense line in the Pa
cific. The Western bloc listened
with aplomb as the Soviet dele
gate used up his hour in bitter dia-
lectic. Then the conference passed
on to other business.
Calm Good Will
In subsequent sessions, the
strength of the Western bloc be-
came clear. Delegate after delegate
trooped to the roStrum to offer COM
Evening star., 1951-09-09
West Shows Reds That Sabotage Doesn't Always Work

6(VXTHILE serving as your tenn
w porary presiding officer,
I shall conduct these proceedings
in such way as to realize the
purpose for which the conference
was called-that is, for the conclu-
sion and signature of the treaty of
peace with Japan on the terms Of
the text before u.s."
Thus, in San Francisco last week,
Secretary of State Achesoh set the
tone of the Japanese peace con-
ference and served notice on the
Soviet Union that sabotage by
filibuster would not be tolerated.
The big surprise was the smooth
ness with which it all went. The
forecasters had been divided on
what would happen. Some thought
Andrei Gromyko would put to sue
cessful use his talents as a
wrecker. Others predicted butter
wouldn't melt in his mouth.
But no one had guessed that
Gromyko, having committed him
self to- the course Of disruption,
would be brought to heel as quickly
and capably as he was.
For this development, the West
ern majority at San Francisco
could thank steely frame of mind
into which 1t had been forced in
half a dozen years of dealing with
the Soviets. The United States had
developed a peace treaty over q
period of nearly year. The treaty
had been Cleared" so to speak,
with most Of the 81 nations attend
ing the conference. Hence, the
majority knew, for once, exactly
what it wanted to do. And 1t could
muster its strength to do exactly
that.
With the treaty draft in hand,
the United States and Great Brit
ain developed an ironclad set of
rules, designed to push the con-
ference to a single, speedy conclu-
sion. AS Mr.. Acheson told the
delegates in effect: We are here to
sign treaty, so let's get on with it.
Evening star., 1951-09-09

finished their explanations of the
pact, Mr.. Gromyko set the Red pace
by referring to 1t as mot a treaty
Of peace but q treaty for the
preparation of a new war in the
Far East"
To fix the treaty up. Mr.. Gro
myko started to offer a series of
amendments. Mr. Spender, then
in the chair, told the Russian that
amendments were out of order. Mr..
Gromyko shrugged off the warming:
What he was making was a state
ment, not list OF amendments.
While this served his immediate
purpose of making propaganda,
Mr.. Gromyko's reply was to haunt
him in the closing hours of the
conference.
Gromyko's Demands
Amendments or comments, Mr..
Gromyko's major points stacked up
alongside the Anglo-American
treaty draft in this way:
/. The treaty said Japan re-
nounced all claims in China. Mr..
Gromyko would have the japanese
recognize Communist China's SOW
ereignty over Manchuria. (The Red
Chinese occupy Manchuria today.)
2. The treaty has Japan renounc-
ing its claim to Formosa and the
Pescadores. Mr.. Gromyko wanted
the treaty to recognize the claim of
Red China. Nationalist China holds
these iSlandS.)
8. The treaty renounces Japanese
rights to the Kurile Islands and
the southern part of Sakhalin. Mr..
Gromyko wanted the Japanese to
assert Soviet sovereignty over this
Evening star., 1951-09-09
The Debate

The conference elected Mr.. Ache
son permanent president and Aus
tralia's Percy Spender vice presi-
dent. Then the Big Three-the
United States and Britain on one
side and the Soviet Union on the
other-f1red the opening barrages
pro and con the treaty. When,
after Americas John Foster Dulles
and Britain's Kenneth Younger
Evening star., 1951-09-09
The Rules

The rules were tough; there was
no doubt about that. Best known
was the one limiting speeches to
an hour for each delegation, and
leaving to the conference as a
whole the right to decide whether
more speeches would be allowed
later. But this was not the only
regulation designed to keep the
Soviet Union from talking the affair
to death, or using 1t as q major
propaganda sounding board. Among
the other safeguards were these:
1. No nation could attend the
conference unless invited by the
United States.
2. Statements by delegations
could not be entered into the con-
ference'S historical record unless
the presiding officer approved.
8. The conference president could
control the use Of the floor and rule
on points of order. He even could
limit the time allotted speakers.
4. At any time, q motion to
suspend or adjourn a meeting or
close debate could be entertained,
and such motion could not be the
subject Of debate.
Under the rules, there would be
no veto. Democratically, a simple
majority would rule-26 of the 81
delegations could swing any issue.
And the West had somewhere be-
tween 80 and 48 of the votes sewed
up tight.
Rules such as these obviously
would provide any chairman with
the tools he needed to control the
course of debate. AS the confer
ence got under way, however, the
rules had not yet been adopted, and
the Soviet bloc rushed to get it's
filibuster started before it was too
late.
Acheson in Action
In this early atmosphere of quasi
anarchy, the public had its best
chance yet to observe Mr.. Acheson
In what was, in effect, unrehearsed
action. They had seen him before,
of course, but never in an imposed
situation where his skill and mettle
would sustain or desert him. The
Secretary acquitted himself admi-
rably.
Throughout the conference, he sat
behind the high lectern of the pres
ident'S desk. There was something
strangely monolithic about him.
One felt that the speakers at the
rostrum below him. were at a dis
advantage as they looked up to
hear-and occasionally to appeal
his rulings.
1t was, perhaps, the tage-setting
that made it seem that way. For,
without a doubt, the San Francisco
Conference was production. And,
las production, it had almost
everything.
There was SuSpenSe-when Gro
myko kicked of his awaited fill
buster within minutes of the be-
ginning. There was fast action
when the Russians, Poles and
Czechs went to work, like skilled
hockey players Shepherding a puck
across the ice. There were cheers
for the hero-which Mr.. Acheson
silenced under threat of clearing
the galleries and misses and boos
for the villain. There was even
comic relief in the person of little
Stefan Wierblowski, the Pole who
wouldn't shush. There was even
international intrigue - an over
turned truck on the Russians route
Evening star., 1951-09-09
Colin Good Will

In subsequent sessions, the
strength of the Western bloc be-
came clear. Delegate after delegate
trooped to the rostrum to offer COM
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Harry Lloyd 0sman,
.Ex-Treasury Aide

Harry Lloyd Osman, SO, a re-
tired Treasury Department ac-
died Friday of a heart
ailment at his home. 4408 North
Fourth road, Arlington.
Mr.. Osman. Washington area
resident for 36 years, was born in
Oil City, Pa. He came here to join
the Interstate Commerce Commits
sion in 1915. He subsequently was
employed at the Federal Power
Commission and was with Treas
ury five years before his retire
ment from the Procurement Divi-
sion in June, l947.
Mr.. Osman was a member OF
the Singleton Masonic Lodge and
the Arlington Royal Arch Chap
ter No. 35.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs
Elsie S. Osman; two daughters
Mrs. Lois OSman Darcy. 26l2
North Ohio street. Arlington, and
Mrs. Jane OSman SeidenSpinner
1904 North Quintanna street
Arlington. and three grandchil-
dren. Two sisters. Mrs. Frank
Jolley, and Mrs. Helen Belly. live
in Toledo, Ohio.
Funeral services will be held al
Il pm. tomorrow at Gawler's
Chapel, 1856 Pennsylvania avenue
NV. Burial will be in Cedar Hill
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Everett Hale Hughes,
Delivered u. 5. Mans
To Two Presidents

Everett Hale Hughes, IS, re-
tired Weather Bureau employe
who once delivered weather maps
personally to Presidents Mckinley
and Theodore Roosevelt, died yes
terday at his home, 1913 Colorado
avenue NV. He had suffered
from a heart ailment for five
weeks.
Mr.. Hughes served so years with
the bureau before his retirement
on October 81, 1916.
He was born in Pulaski County
Ind, and came here with his
parents in 1890. He attended
Washington schools.
Before Mr.. Hughes Joined the
bureau, maps went up to the
White House each day by a mule
rider. He performed the job on a
bicycle. Beginning his career as a
messenger, he subsequently be-
came a watchman and captain of
the guard When he retired he
headed the bureaus carpenter
shop.
Weather Bureau Chief F. w
Reichelderfer and fellow employees
presented him gifts in a cere-
mony at the time of his retire
ment
Mr.. Hughes was a member of
Lebanon Masonic Lodge No. Z.
He formerly was a member Of the
District National Guard.
His wife, Mrs. Della E. Hughes
died in 1912.
Since her death he made his
home with two sisters and a
brother. They are the Misses
Hazel Gem and Reu E. Hughes
and Verne r. Hughes.
Funeral services will be at
pm. tomorrow at the Hines Fun
eral Home, 2901 Fourteenth street
NV. Burial will be in Fort Lincoln
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Seward Bacon, Sc,
Retired Attorney

Seward Bacon, So. retired at
torney and member of an old
Washington family. died Friday at
Fort Howard Veterans Hospital
Baltimore. after long illness.
Until his retirement several
years ago. Mr.. Bacon was a part
|ner in the firm of Bacon and
Thomas here. His father, the late
IL. Seward Bacon. also was a pet
Ient attorney.
A Washington native, Mr.. Bacon
represented the fourth genera
ton of his family TO be born here
He attended Hamilton Co.
lege and served in the Army dur
ing World War I. His home was
at Cathedral Mansions, 5000 Con-
necticut avenue, NV.
Surviving are his widow. Mrs.
Elizabeth Maddox Bacon; a
daughter, Elizabeth NJ, and two
sons, Seward M. and Robert S.,
all of the home address; brother,
Preston, of Wesport, Conn. and
three sisters, Mrs. Mildred B.
Oulshan, Charleston, S. c.: Mrs.
John F. Brawner. $500 Twenty
eight street NV, and Mrs
Charles Hoyt. Bronxville, N. Y.
Funeral services will be at 9
m. Tuesday in Fort Myer Chapel.
Burial will be in Arlington Gene
terry.
Evening star., 1951-10-07
W. K. Kellogg, 81,
Corn Flakes Pioneer
BY the Assecio,ed Press

BATTLE CREEK. Mich, Oct. 6
Will Keith Kellogg. who took the
lowly corn flake from obsurity to
place of prominence on the
American breakfast table and
amassed fortune of $50 million
while doing it, died in Leila Hos
pital at 3 pm. here today.
The pioneer cereal manufacturer
known to millions by his break
fast food trade mark initials
W. K-died at the age of 81
following a prolonged circulatory
illness.
In 1901 Mr.. Kellogg put corn
fake cereal on the market and
started a change in the breakfast
habits of the nation.
Five years later. he raised $35,-
900 and started the Battle Greek
Toasted Corn Flake Co. later re-
named the w. K. Kellogg Co.
which now has plants on four con-
tinentS.
He had been virtually blind since
1887 although he continued to
maintain an active interest in the
multi million dollar Kellogg Foun-
dation.
Kellogg gave most of his fortune
to the tax-free foundation, re-
tanning 50 million for his personal
use.
The Kellogg Foundation was
established in 1880 and was dedi-
Gated to the promotion of the
health, happiness and welfare of
mankind"
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Mine Union Organizers
Are Machine Gun Tarqefs
BY the Associuied Press

HAZARD. KY, Oct. GA Unit
ed Mine Workers union official
reported his automobile was blast
ed by machine-gun fire today a
few minutes after he and a UNIV
organizer stepped from the car.
Tom Raney of Pikeville, UNIV
international board member, said
the notwithstanding occurred at
the little town of Stinnett in near
by Leslie County, where the UNIV
has conducted a summer long
campaign to organize non union
coal miners.
Mr.. Raney said he had wired
Gov. Lawrence w. Wetherby ask
ing that six-man State Police
detail be stationed permanently
at Hyden, the Leslie County seat.
The UNIV has filed a So million
damage suit against several coal
operators and officials of Clay and
Leslie Counties. The suit claims
a reign of terror exists in the
counties.
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Mrs. Karl Loos, Wife
.0f District LAWYER

Mrs. Karl D. Loos, 81, a WASH
ington resident for nearly 80 years,
died yesterday at Doctors Hospital
after years illness. She lived at
IS West Lenox street, Chevy Chase,
Md.
Mrs. Loos, the former Zera Har-
ries, was born in Minneapolis. She
attended Northwestern University
where she was a member of Pi
Beta Phi Sorority. Her husband
is a Washington attorney.
Mrs. Loos was a member of the
Chevy Chase Garden Club and the
Florence Crittenton Home So
iciety.
Besides her husband she leaves
two sons, Howard Harries Loos of
the home address, a merchandiser
with the California Fruit Growers
Exchange. and Dickson Randall
Loos of 1907 Norwood drive, Be-
'thesda, an attorney; her mother,
Mrs. Ella r. Harries of the home
address, and a grandson. Karl, 10
months, Of the Bethesda address.
Funeral services and burial will
be private. The family has re-
Iquested that flowers be omitted.
Evening star., 1951-10-07
McKeIdins 10 Attend
Upper Marlboro Fair
Opening Wednesday

Upper Marlboro's four-day agri-
cultural fair will get off to a start
Wednesday with a luncheon for
Gov. and Mrs. McKeldin and a
historical pageant played by the
areas school children.
DR.. H. C. Byrd, president of the
University of Maryland and a
Irumored Democratic aspirant in
the next gubernatorial campaign
also will be an honor guest.
During the afternoon, the Gov
ernor and Mrs. McKeldin will view
exhibits competing for a share
of the fairs $4,000 prize money
Livestock, Fowls Sent.
The pageant. Maryland My
Maryland" will depict the his
tory of the Free State from the
March day in 1884 when English
settlers landed at st. Marys City
from their storm tossed vessels
the Ark and the Dove.
More than 500 head of live
stock and 1900 fancy fowls have
been sent to the fair by owners
throughout the State. Other
classes are open only to Southern
Maryland residents.
Agricultural activities Wednes-
day will center on the Judging of
beef cattle and poultry.
Five garden clubs will partici-
pate in the flower show beginning
Wednesday in the exhibition hall
They are: Charles County Garden
Club. ST. Mary's Garden Club,
Town and Country Garden Club
of Upper Marlboro Piney Branch
Garden Club of College Park and
Forest Garden Club.
All Entries Friday.
Thursday, club exhibit day,
|homemakers and other women's
groups will display their products
and handiwork in a newly-reno-
waited building. Dairy cattle will
be judged throughout the day.
Southern Maryland All Club
entries will provide the key attrac-
Ition Friday. Adults will Judge and
inspect draft horses. hogs and
sheep.
Saturday is closing day. The
program will feature horse pull
ing contest and a modelling show
staged in the clubhouse by Al
girls.