davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Mats Hope for Sweep
In Detroit After They
Slug 10 Second Win
spseioI pispoteh 10 mo Siur

DETROIT, Mich. Aug. 25.-
Dick Starr, 30-Year-old right
handler, carried the pitching re-
sponsibility for the Mats today a:
they tried for q clean sweep oi
their last series of the season ir
Detroit. Chosen to start against
Starr was Virgil Trucks.
While taking the first two game:
here, the Mats exhibited uncom-
mon batting power. Thursday
they backed Bob Porterfield's shut
out pitching with a 14-hit attack
They were even more vicious yes
terday in winning, 10 to 7.
Bob Cain and Ted Gray, both
|lefthanders. were victims of ar
offense that included home run,
by Mike Mccormick, Sam Mele
and Joe Haynes. All dropped into
the lower left-field stands. Nc
Cormick's blast of Cain was de.
|livered with the bases full in the
third inning.
Hard Hitting Is Needed.
The Mats needed extraordinary
punch to overcome their soddy
Conrado Marrero retired
after yielding three runs in the
first inning. Haynes was removed
in the seventh after three Of the
first four batters had singled. With
the help Of a double-play, Tom
Ferrick stopped the rally, which
netted two runs.
In the last two innings, Fer.
rick's relief performance was spec.
tacular. He retired the Tigers or
three pop flies in the eighth. Dick
|Kryhoski singled and Pat Mullir
walked in the ninth to raise milo
excitement in the crowd Of 2,877
Two were out when Red Rolft
sent Charlie Keller to bat for Steve
Souchock. A home run by the
former Yankees slugger would pull
Detroit into a tie. Ferrick struck
him out to end the game.
First Win for Haynes.
The Mats victory was officially
credited to Haynes, his first thi.
season. The veteran righthandel
benefited by two sustained rallies
Met Cormick's grand-slam was part
of one that produced five runs ir
the third inning. Three were added
in the fifth. which opened with
Mele's homer of Cain.
A pass to Eddie Yost, plus sin.
giles by Gil Coan and Mickey
Vernon. enabled the Mats to score
of Gray in the sixth. The same
pitcher was tagged for Haynes
home run in the seventh.
Altogether, the Mats collected
an even dozen hits. totaling 2:
bases. of Gray and Cain. The,
made at least one hit in each Of
the first eight innings. It is hard.
lily worth mentioning that Ha
White stopped them in the ninth
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Youth Who Spurned
Army Grid Chance
To Attend Michigan
BY the Assoeiaied Press

ANN ARBOR, Mich, Aug. 25.-
Duncan Mcdonald, the Flint prep
football star who was invited to
attend Army, is winner of a Uni
versity Of Michigan scholarship.
Mcdonald was named yesterday
as one of 13 given Elmer Gedeon
Memorial scholarships from $15,-
900 fund. Eleven Of the 13 are
football players.
A star quarterback in high
school, Mcdonald will be fresh
man at Michigan this fall. He
chose Michigan over Army after
summer course at West Point.
The scholarships recognize
moral character, good citizenship,
scholastic ability, intellectual
capacity and achievement. promise
of leadership and success, and
physical ability"
ATLANTA. Aug. Is P.-An-
drew Wettlaufer. on a 30-day
furlough pending resignation ac-
ceptance from West Point as
result of "cribbing" charges. Is
working out with the Atlanta
club of the Southern Association.
Wettlaufer. from Boston. won
the Eastern intercollegiate League
batting title this year with a $3.50
average as the Cadets catcher.
SOUTH BEND, Ind, Aug. Is
(R.-With September / as the
deadline, about a dozen of the 80
recently expelled West Point
cadets have applied for the free
ride" offered them at Notre Dame
Iby an anonymous benefactor.
none to participate in intercol-
Ilegiate sports.
The Rev. Louis Thornton. di-
rector of admissions, who made
the announcement yesterday, did
not disclose the names of the ap-
lplicants, but three football play
ers in their home cities have said
they are among them. They are
Elmer Stout and Ray Bara of
South River, N. j., and Jim
GUARDING of Watertown, N. Y.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
By Cospor Nonnes
stot ssoff Correspondent

BALTIMORE, Aug. 25.-The
battle of youth and age will be
fought again when 20-year- -old
Tony Trabert Of Cincinnati meets
37-year-old Gardnar Mulloy of
Coral Gables, Fla, at 2 o'clock
today for the Middle Atlantic
grass court tennis championship
at the Baltimore Country Club.
In the doubles final, Trabert and
Bill Talbert will face Grant Gold
en- and Conway Cation, who de-
feated Sidney Schwartz and Fred
Fisher in their semifinal match
yesterday.
Both Trabert and Mulloy scored
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Dot Kirby Faces Claire Doron
In Women S II. S. Golf Finals

Moss, 23-year-old Oregon State
champion from Corvallis. Ore.
Miss Doran, on the other hand,
is relatively inexperienced in such
competition. The current tourney
is but her third.
Ironically, she won her spot in
the finals with an 18-hole, Cup
triumph over the veteran Mrs.
Estelle Lawson Page of Green's
boro, N. c. Mrs. Page, in the
1949 event, defeated Miss Doran
in the third round at Ardmore,
Pa. Miss Doran's only other ma
tional women'S tourney was in
1850, when she lost to Miss De-
Moss in the fourth round.
Mrs. Page, who took of from
the course Immediately after the
match to preserve pears" at her
North Carolina home,
Miss Kirby gave a classic dem
onstration of iron play. needing
but IL puts on the first nine holes
Of her match with Miss DeMoss
In all she had but 10 puts FOL
the 13 holes played.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
|Doak Walker Brilliant
Before Home Fans
las Lions Beat Giants
BY the Associated Press

DALLAS. Aug. 25.-Doak Walk
er's home folks always expect the
sensational when he plays foot
ball-and he isn't a fellow to dis
appoint them.
Last night the former Southern
Methodist All-America, now a
professional, did everything pos
sible with pigskin in carrying
the Detroit Lions to a 31-2l VIC
tory over the New York Giants in
"a National Football League exhi-
bition game.
The little man, who has brought
more fans into the Cotton Bowl
than any other person, was re-
sponsible for new Southwestern
attendance record for professional
football. Fifty-six thousand saw
him score 18 points and roll up
1859 yards rushing, pass-receiving
and running back kick-offs. His
gem Of the night was 95-yard
touchdown dash with kickoff.
Others in Limelight.
There were other stars in the
dashing, slashing game, such as
Charley Conerly, the ex-Missis-
sippi great, who passed for two
ltouchdowns and set up the other
for New York, completing 10
throws for an amazing 207 yards.
Then there was Bobby Lane.
Quarterback for Detroit, who con-
nected on IL passes for 80 yards,
setting up one touchdown and
plotting the Lions flawlessly.
There also was Bob Hoernsche-
meyer of Detroit who gained SO
yards running with the ball as
leading ball-carrier of the game.
And there were Emlen Tunnel
and Dewitt Coulter of the Giants.
who stood out brilliantly on de-
fense. Tunnel intercepted one
pass and was batting down throws
all night, several times prevent
ing touchdowns.
Rote Put in Shade.
But the crowd that eclipsed by
!, 900 the largest ever before to see
a pro game in the Southwest
talked only Of Walker. He scored
two touchdowns. one on 3-yard
line plunge; kicked 28-yard field
goal, barely missed another from
an angle at 18 yards, and booted
three extra points. He carried the
ball for Al yards. caught two
passes for II yards. returned two
kickoffs for Ill and punted twice
for a 31-yard average.
The game was supposed to be
a duel between Walker and his
former Southern Methodist team
mate, Kyle Rote, who played his
first pro game last night-with
the Giants. But Rote, outside OF
q 35-yard run with Conerly pass
that set up touchdown, did little.
He gained only Is yards rushing,
caught a pass for 33 yards, ran
one kickoff back % yards-and
fumbled twice. One of his fum-
bleS gave Detroit a touchdown as
Jack Christensen plucked the ball
out of the air and ran 73 yards.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
by the Assoeiatsd Press

ST. LOUIS, Aug. 25.-Baseball
fans-1,115 Of them-had their
SAY last night and were proved
Right in their strategy as st. Louis
Browns owner Bill Veeck staged
his controversial grandstand man
ayers night.
With three good decisions and
a revised lineup that provided
needed power. the fans guided
their Browns to a 5-3 triumph
over the Philadelphia Athletics.
It was thus a successful climax
to a NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS."
contest arranged by Veeck that
had set of some rather sharp
critical comment from some base
ball quarters.
Though some critics have de-
scribed Veeck as making a farce
of the national sport. the colorful
promoter has proclaimed that peo-
ple should have fun at the ball
park. He found that a good share
of the fans agreed with him as
some 1900 letters poured in to
launch what Veeck called "ouI
great experiment
People like to do things like
this" Veeck explained.
And apparently he's right, ac-
cording to the comment Of some
of the managers.
Helene Boyd. a high schoo,
student who helped give the
women fans the majority vote ir
the managers group, said "it was
pretty nice thought. 1t wa!
fun. I participated in all thu
decisions"
But perhaps her final remark
most pleased Veeck:
II was a Cardinal fan unit
Veeck came to town." she ad'
mitted.
To make it a good game for ths
Browns. the managers made thret
quick decisions In the first In
ming. The strategy paved the wa.
to the triumph.
First they voted to leave Pitches
Ned Carver in the game afte.
the Athletics greeted him witt
three quick runs. Then the fan
moved the Browns infield back Il
work double play that endel
the inning.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Myer and Eusfis Clashing
In Service Mines Final

Fort Myer, the favorite, takes
on Fort EuStis at 2 pm. today at
Griffith Stadium in the final round
of the Middle Atlantic Interservice
Athletic Conference baseball tour
nament.
Myer is unbeaten and Eustis
has lost one game in this double
knockout tournament. Therefore,
a Eustis victory today will necessi-
tate second game.
Eustis gained the final round
with a 20 victory over Arlington
Hall last night at Griff1th Sta
dunn.
Evening star., 1951-08-25

Greenberg called it, approximately two hours before 1t
and rejected by Ptsburgh-who Hanks Indians
10 with seventhnnng two-run homer of Early Wynn.
charm embodied watching the rejects
this most vital series of the the squabbe
between the New and Indians has been
story Of previous failures clicking.
Thursday it Bob Lemon failure inhelder and
Outneder pitching the Indians threehit conquest
night Stubby Overmre and Joe Osrowski fugives
from the woefu Browns collaborating with Wooding
time major league loser in keeping the Yankees the
fuss.
Manager Casey senge Of the Yankees had confidence in
Overmre wasn't evident While Stubby pitching the
rst inning Bob Hogue warming the Yankees bull
And when Overie who had blanked the Indians for
i've innings allowed successive singles Larry Dolby and
Rosen with out in the sixth. he yanked.
Along came ostrowsk, who won only Is games in three
with the Browns to the Yans out Of the jam
and hold the Indians the remainder of the distance.
Casey big game with couple of retreaded pitchers
BUT THE MAN WHO MADE that victory possible was
Wooding returned haunt the Indians Lopez
the Indians for whom he traded to the Pirates
in 947 1t novel accomplishment for Gene for he has
slammed five homers against Cleveland this and all
brought triumph to the Yankees.
1t Wooding remember who supplied the blow which
beat the Indians 10 the night Allie Reynolds pitched his
July H. addition that homer blasted OF Bob
Fee woodng has soked three homers of Wynn and another
off Lemon.
Woodling becoming established somewhat of money
player hit 1S homers this 10 in winning
has played in two World Series batting 400 against the
Dodgers in 1s4s and 429 against the Phiies year.
wooding with the Indians loaded with coplexes,
and strange ideas He had seemed natural too
He bated 1893 to lead the Ohio State League 1910 1874 to
pace the Michigan State League in 941 and S4 to top the
Eastern League in 1943.
GENE COULDN'T CLICK in couple of trials with Cleve-
land though veeck disposed Of him. He didn't last long
with Pittsburgh which could talent and was back to
the minors for him.
At San Francisco he adopted suggestion by Eey oDou
the Seals manager altered his batting style went into
to lead the Pacific Coast League the
/
anywhere from $4,000 $750O the Yankees brought him
back to majors Last night regardless OF future events
he paid of the purchase price.
Dropping that game would have bumped the Yankees
four games of the pace large to close with only hve
weeks remaining today the Yankees thanks to castos
Wooding Osowsk and Overmire, had the opportunity 70
slice Cleveand's margin to one game.
With woodng prevented the pennant race from
being blown wide open They do come back IN baseball ana
the yankees have the hottest hitter in the league to prove It,
When woodng crashed his homer he delivering his 18th
hit in his last attempts
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Probable Pitchers
(won and lost records in parenthe,

(Won and lost records In parentheses !
AMERICAN LEAGUE
Washington at Detroit-Starr (3-Sl VS..
Trucks 7-7l or Hutchinson (S-7l.
Sioss9n as oChicago-Nixon T-3) VS.
:. Phsi,lnsd.elphla at st. Louis--Martin ts-4)
:, NeE York at sCieveland-Lopat (1e-7)
NATIONAL LEAGUE.
sam iG,neeinnssS ehl1ssS at Boston--Fox 7-1o) vs.
Chicago at Brooklyn-Kelly (4-1, or
bisisen baisiGsen {35oSl vs.. schmitz (2-e) or Pod
!. ST Louis At New York-Brazls ts-1)
.Pittsbursls at Philadelphia - poll.t
t4-lOl or Queen (5-7) vs. Church (13-SJ.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
7robert and MuIIoy CIoshing
For Middle Atlantic Crown

Straight-set victories yesterday,
but neither could afford to let up.
Trabert, who hasn't lost a set in
his four matches here, beat Earl
Cochell, rated seventh nationally,
liz, 81, 81. Mulloy won
from Edward Moylan of Trenton,
N. j.. 6-3, 6-2, 11-9.
Trabert and Cochell fought a
service duel, with both scoring
aces and forcing errors. But the
return of service was also good,
Cochell especially excelling in
handling Trabert's cannon ball.
The former sometimes went 2 feet
off the ground in returning the
Cincinnati youths delivery. Ira
bert scored nine service aces and
Cochell six.
Trabert first broke Cochell's
delivery to take a 4-3 lead by
three successive passing shots, the
last q running backhand drive
down the line and a Cochell
error. At 5-4. Cochell stormed
through Trabert's serve, driving
the first ball back for offensive
shots and forcing Trabert into
errors.
Games went on service until
Trabert led, 1919. He then took
Cochell's delivery by making two
successful lobS, the first he made
to that point, and another run
ming backhand passing shot.
! A similar pattern was followed
/ in the second set, each man scor-
ing a break to 4-all. From then
until Trabert scored at Tall,
games went on service. Cochell
contributed greatly to this break
through by double-faulting twice,
the last time on game point.
In the third set Cochell was
still fighting until he lost his de-
livery at 2-all. He missed a cru
cial overhead on add and followed
that by a double fault, his eighth
of the afternoon. Trabert the
swept through the next three
games for the set and match.
Summaries.
| Singles:
| Semihnals-Tony Trabert defeated Ear
lCocheil, 11-9, 9-7, g.; Gardnar Null
10y defeated Edward Moylan. 6-S, 6-2
l1i--9.
/ Doubles:
Second round-Grand Golden-Conway
Catton defeated Mu1loy- Hamilton Rich
seminnal0ooiden- eaton defeated sid
lney Schwartz-Fred Fisher, 4-6, 6-1,
7-6.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
D. {. Boys Club Nine Drops
From AII-American PLAY
Special Dispatch TO The Sior

Speetot OtspoteH 70 sHs Stc'
JOHNSTOWN, Pa. Aug. 25.-
The Washington Boys Club is on
the sideline today in the ALI
American Amateur Baseball Asso-
|ciation's 19-and-under tourna-
|ment.
Washington took a ga loss at
the hands of New Orleans yester-
day.
Evening star., 1951-08-25

OF SnoCS, Hank Greenberg, general manager
of the Indians, was defending himself before
last nights game.
"Okay, so they say I traded away the
leagues leading hitter when 1 got rid of
OresteS MinoSo. But what they forget is
that we got wonderful relief pitcher for
him in Lou BriSSie. He's what we needed.
Besides, Minoso didn't look good with us
Maybe it'll develop that made mistake
but if so it won't be the first one made in
major league deal, Look at Bill veeck
When he was here he traded away Gene
Woodling. Look at him now. I'd say he's
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Mats, 10; TIGERS, 7

Totals 40 IL 81 13 Totals 1913 ~ IL
sFlied out for Marrero in End.
tFouled ont for Swift in Sth,
Popped out for Gray in 9Th.
sStruck out for eouchock in 9th.
washington 005 OBI 100-1O
Detroit -----------300 020 300 z
Runs--Yost (2), Coan. Mele (2). Vernon,
Michaels (2o.. Mccormick, Haynes, Priddy
t2), Kryhoski (2l. Kell (2}, Mullin. Err
rors-Kryhoski, Berry; Runs batted In
Haynes, Kell (3), Souchock (2l, Groth.
Mullin. Home runs-McC cCormick, Mele.
Haynes, Kell. Stolen bases-Priddy, Berry,
Kell. Double plays-Michaels to Runnels
to Vernon, Runnels to Michaels to Vernon,
Berry to Priddy to Kryhoski. Left on bases
|-Washington, 8; Detroit IL Bases on
bails-Oh Marrero. q: on Ferrick. /; Oh
rick by Ssiny Il bs trHcE lux oS!n5y y nv Was bsr
Hits-on Marrero. in inning; on
2H innings; OF Cain, In 4 innings (none
%yt,tI out IN 5tho; on Gray, Z 4, Z innings; OF
Haynes (l-3J. Losing pitcher@Cain
uO-10). Time--2:1S. Attendance, 1857.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Win, Lose, or Draw
By BURTON HAWKINS

CLEVELAND AUG. 25-The atmosphere was World Series
with hotels packed traffic crawling whskey being spased
in huge quantities into thousands ggers in scores of bars
Evening star., 1951-08-25
Major League Standings and Schedules
AMERICAN

Results Yesterday
Wash. 10; Detroit. z.
New York, o; Cleve., o.
st. Louis. 8: Phila.. 3.
Chicago. 3; Boston. 2.
Games Today
Wash. at Detroit. $3.50.
New York at Cleveland.
Boston at Chicago.
Phila. at st. Louis.
Games Tomorrow
Wash, at st. L. (2), 2:30
New York at Chicago (2)
Boston at Cleveland (2)
Phtla. at Detroit.
Evening star., 1951-08-25
NATIONAL

Results Yssterday
New York. 6; st. L., 5.
Boston, 6-2; Cincinnati
IL.
Brooklyn, /: Chicago, 0
Pittsburgh, B; Phila.. /.
Games Today
st. Louis at New York.
Chicago at Brooklyn.
Cincinnati at Boston.
Pittsburgh at Phila.
Games Tomorrow
st. Louis ct Boston (2).
Pitts. at BROOKLYN (2).
Chicago ct New York (2)
Cincinnati at Phila. t2)
Evening star., 1951-11-18
It's Futile to Hide Things From NeyIund Tutum Says

should be as comfortable as pos
slble. regardless of appearances
With the weather getting colder,
he pulled on pair Of sweat pants
over his trousers at halftime.
The gray garment which was
tied loosely at his ankles, looked
like a suit of long underwear from
the press box but Jim said it kept
him warm.
Tatum and his players, also
used individual metal hand warm
ers on the bench. About the size
Of a cigarette case. the device
generates enough heat to keep the
backs hands warm and is credited
on cold days with being a big
help in preventing fumbles.
Beattie Feathers. North Caro-
lima State coach, didn't appear
too worried about facing the
Terps before the game started
In the warm-up period he jumped
in to replace the passer despite
being restricted by a heavy over
coat and hat.
He grinned when he completed
several tosses. the longest about
Is yards. but he didn't smile OTTER
after the game started.
/ When Ralph FELTON, ran u
yards for the second Maryland
touchdown he even surprised som,
OF his own teammates.
/ FELTON, took a pitchout arounc
left end and cut back behind goot
blocking. 1t looked as if he nigh
be stopped just past the line bu
threaded his way into the clear
| DoWnf1eld. "Shoo Shoe" She
monski had his back to Felto1
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Bridgewater Harriers
Win LEAGUE Title

Bridgewater College won the
Mason-Dixon Conference cham
pionship cross-country run for the
second straight year yesterday
Hampden-Sydney was second.
Seventy-four Of the rs starters
representing II conference schools
finished the race over the Gallau-
det College course, a distance of
about 3.75 miles.
Don Manger Of Johns Hopkin,
was the individual winner in a
new record time of 19 minutes, Al. s
seconds. The previous record OF
1884 was set on the same course
last year by Merle Grouse OF
Bridgewater. Grouse finished Sec
ond today, although he led until
the last quarter-mile.
The scoring:
aBridgewater., 46 point: Hampden- Sydney
- John Hopkins. 100; Lynchburg. lO4
S t@or i5s eashShs cashos U 81 e4 oySs @sshnf Rs
ton College (chestertown. Md, o6s.
incomplete teams OF. fewer than five mer
Gene Milener. Of Hampden- -sydne,
Catholicf Paul Click. Bridgewater; Johr
sydney; II Fike. BridseHsteT; s9 H. ItTssn MoTgan
HHsITpDdsnSydne. wison Ksns TowsOn
Rhyme. Roanoke; and c. Gillespie. Lynch
burg.
Evening star., 1951-11-18
By Brion Bell, Jr.

Coach Jim Tatum couldn't find
any fault with his team after il
breezed past North Carolina
State, $50.
"All the boys did a good job"
he said. but l thought Modzelew-
ski big Mo- was terrific. He's the
best fullback in the country-a
real AU-American. He can do
anythlng-run, block. pass-and
he proved it again today"
Despite the Sugar Bowl invita-
ton and the likelihood that Ten
nessee had a few scouts in the
stands, Maryland didn't conceal
any of its offensive strength
against the weak Wolfpack.
Asked why he didn't play under
wraps after the result was nc
longer in doubt, Tatum laughed
Il never save anything. l don't
know that much football. Besides
Bob Neyland knows more about
our offense than my assistant
coaches. He comes to my spring
practice every year and I go tc
his. so I guess we'll know what
we're going to see New Year.
Day"
One Of the few disappointment.
of the afternoon from the Mary.
land viewpoint was the size Of thu
crowd Although it was the mex
to last time to see the Sugar-Bow
bound Terps 'they play West Vir.
ginia in College Park next Satur,
day, only 17.l40. half the sta.
dium's $4,000 capacity, saw tn,
game.
Tatum belives a football coach
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Penn State Wins
Over Rutgers, 1871
ky The As,oeiotsd Press

NEW BRUNSWICK, N. j., Nov
17-Halfback Bob Pollard clicked
of touchdown runs Of rs and II
yards today to give Penn State q
1877 victory over Rutgers.
Pollard, a rangy sophomore
from Berwyn, Pa, personally pull
verized Rutgers defense for 243
yards on IA carries to account for
more than half OF the Nittany
Lions rushing total.
A chilled crowd of $4,000
watched Penn State count in the
first quarter on a 75-yard gallop
by Pollard. Rutgers slammed
right back in the second to 60
ahead TO at half time.
That was the last offensive
showing by the team from New
Jersey. Injuries to two key play
ers, Halfback Bob DAmato and
Left End Russ Sandblom, took
most of the punch out of the
Rutgers attack.
Evening star., 1951-11-18

and didn't think he had gotten
away. When Shemonski turned
around at the 10 there was FELTON,
and "Shoo Shoe" frantically
looked for some one to block. BY
this time all possible tacklers had
been moved down.
Feathers took his time in re-
placing Center Tom Tofaute and
the delay proved costly.
Twice Alex Webster had to
scoop up bad passes and get of
hurried punts. The third time
again Tofaute's snap hit the
ground and Webster's kick from
his own four-yard line rolled dead
on the State 10. Maryland pow
cred over for its first touchdown
few mintues later and Ralph
Mueller did most of the centerine
after that.
West Virginia had a pair oi
scouts in the press box. but they
saw more than enough in three
quarters and left early.
Someone asked them what the,
were going to advise the Noun.
taineers. Cancel the game" ont
of the scouts answered.
/ Lynn Beightol. the much pub.
licized freshman quarterback from
Frederick. Md. got his second
chance this season to run the
offense.
Beightol played in the Terps
opener with Washington and Lee
but since then has been used ex.
clusively to hold the ball for extra
points and for defensive work