davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-09-16

however, both production and ex-
ploitation have been held up.
Labor disputes and revolutionary
conditions in Colombia have kept
production down in that country Last
year, Colombia's daily average output
was 109,300 barrels. Bolivian re-.
sources had hardly been tapped when
private companies were thrown out
bodily in the early 1906 Brazil,
which is known to have considerable
deposits, cannot make up its mind
whether to allow private capital to
help develop them, and it hasn't the
means of doing the job itself. Peru,
one of the smaller producers, with
private capital in control of the
larger fields, maintains steady out
put of some $4,000 barrels day.
Officials and leaders in all of these
countries are becoming aware of
their responsibility to step up pro-
dlction of oil and other defense ma
terials for the defense of the West
ern world. This also is their oppor-
tunity to develop new and impor-
tant industry Yet they still hesi-
Lete to open their doors to foreign
oil capital.
Free Enterprise Triumph
Venezuela remains the outstanding
example of what can be done when
great enterprise like the petroleum
industry is left in the hands of pri-
vate interests. This does not mean
chat the Venezuelan government
tails to exercise the greatest super
vision over the big companies. es-
pecially in their relations with labor.
1t also exacts a large percentage of
the income. But all direction of op-
erations is left to the experts of the
industry, and the companies are also
allowed to make handsome profit.
Since the difficulties in the Near
East arose, Venezuelas oil output
has been steadily climbing Today,
the country is turning out some
1.793.000 barrels every day, as COM
pared with 1.3 million year ago. 1t
Is estimated that by 1852 Venezuelan
production will be as much as mil
lion barrels a day.
These increases obviously go long
way toward offsetting the gloom over
Evening star., 1951-09-16
Price Laws
Three Amendments
Under Heavy Fire
BY CIorke Beech

The prices Americans will have to
pay by next spring, and for long
time after may hinge on the few
sentences that compose three amend
mentS to the 1851 Price Control Act.
President Truman has asked Con-
greSS to eliminate the amendments.
The Representatives and Senators
who wrote them say the ammend-
mentS were put there to protect in
dustry and business against unfair
price regulation. They say they don't
believe they will hurt the price con-
troll program If they do prove hurt-
full, the legislators add, they can be
repealed.
Two of the Nations biggest men
in industry and business are leading
the administration drive to get the
amendments repealed. They say they
believe the amendments might prove
disastrous, and that it will be too late
to repeal them if runaway imitation
comes.
These two men are Charles E. Will
son, former president of the General
Electric Co., and Eric Johnston. man
ufacturer. businessman and presi-
dent of the Motion Picture ASsocia-
ton of America. Mr.. Wilson is now
director of the Office of Defense Mo-
bilization (ODAD. Mr.. Johnston is
administrator of the Economic Sta
bilization Agency (ESA).
Inflotion ThTeot
Both men say the country is threat
ened by the greatest imitation it has
ever known. and that to meet it the
Government needs a stronger price
control law than the one enacted in
1850.
The 1851 act is about the same as
the 1850 act-except that it includes
the three amendments which, in the
view of Mr.. Wilson and Mr.. Johnston,
weaken the whole price control sys-
tenn.
One of these amendments, called
the Capehart amendment because
Senator Capehart. Republican, of In
diana was its leading sponsor, places
new limitations on price rollbackS
and provides sellers with new meth
cd of getting revisions of all their
price ceilings.
The original price control law per-
mitted the Government to roll prices
back to the level prevailing during
Evening star., 1951-09-16

of course, is exempt from the ban,
adopted last February, limiting pres
idential tenure to two elective terms
or to one elective term if a person
succeeds to the presidency more than
two years before the end of the term
to which his predecessor was elected
But the relative speed with which
that amendment became part of
the Constitution is significant-or so
some Republican chieftains suppose.
Whot Are the Prospects?
Just what are the prospects-and
possible extent-of decisive action by
Southern Democrats against the Tru-
man administration? American po-
litical history shows many scattered
instances of Southern Democratic
dissenSion, particularly during the
New Deal era. The best-organized
drive, up to that time, confronted the
Fair Deal in 1948. particularly on
civil rights issues Today, that drive
seems still more powerful, with ac-
tive aid from Southern Democrats of
the stature of Gov. James F. Byrnes
of South Carolina and Senators
Byrd of Virginia and George and
Russell of Georgia.
1t was more than straw in the
wind when Senator Connally of
Texas and, to to a lesser extent, Rep
lesentative Richards of South Caro-
lima. chairmen, respectively, of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
and the House Foreign Affairs Com
mittee, recently advised cuts in the
amount of foreign aid requested by
the President. They generally have
been administration stalwarts on
such matters. Hewing too close to
the Truman line, however, is not par
ticularly popular in Texas and else
Evening star., 1951-09-16
Pentugon-
An Air-Minded Texan
Takes Over the Reins
By Elton c. EoY

The doors of neighborhood the
ater burst open and flock of
youngsters, with cap gun holsters and
miniature 10-gallon hats, surged out
from the douhAe-feature Western just
ended.
In their midst was tall, lean man
with the look of Texas upon him. He
also had a look of embarrassment
when friends, driving by, spotted him
and waved and grinned.
They would have been surprised to
see him there if they hadn't known
that Robert A. Lovett, military leader,
diplomat and banker, likes movies
any kind - WhodunitS, long hair
drama, comedies, cultural.
He likes, too, informal gatherings
with old business associates. Capital
colleagues, writers, artists. There he
talks and listens to talk about the
many things in his varied interests
sports, a new play on Broadway,
music. pictures and, inevitably, the
serious problems of his work.
Bob Lovett has worked at many
things since he was born at Hunts
vile, Tex, Sc years ago yesterday,
which. by coincidence was his birth
day and the day the Senate chose to
confirm his nomination as the Ma
ticns fourth Secretary of Defense.
Air Background
He was naval flier in World War
I and the civilian head of the Army
Air Corps of World War II. The
son of judge, he studied law, but
also business. When ready for a
career, he picked business and went
to work as clerk in banking firm.
The years rolled by and he was a
partner in another firm, held direc-
torships in railways, trusts. insurance
companies, cable companies. BY the
late 1930S Mr.. Lovett had acquired
the money and habits of a New
York f1nancier. He was a trustee
of an art museum, hospital and
philanthropic organizations.
But 1910 and the years of national
danger arrived When Henry L.
Stimson, the Secretary of War, asked
him to come to Washington as AS
sistant Secretary for Air, MI Lovett
resigned his connections with the
Evening star., 1951-09-16
By Robert K. Welsh

ture Democrats have an advantage,
at least according to arithmetic OF
the 33 Senators up for election next
year IA are Democrats and 19 are
Republicans. Of the ii Democrats
seven are in the normally safe"
Democratic States of Florida, Texas,
Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, Mis-
sisSippi and Rhode Island. The other
seven are from Connecticut, New
Mexico, West Virginia, Arizona,
Michigan. Maryland and Wyoming,
and are given a pretty good fighting
chance in several Of them.
Of the 19 Republicans, only five
are in normally Republican strong-
holds of Maine. Vermont, North Da-
kota. Wisconsin and Nebraska. The
IA others are from Ohio, New York,
Missouri, California, Washington,
Montana. Utah, Nevada, Indiana,
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, Minnesota and Delaware. A
number of those States could we'll
go into the Democratic column.
Domestic Issues
Finally, while foreign policy" is
generally regarded as the dominant
issue of the coming campaign, ma
tional issues-Such as farm subsidies,
labor legislation and the tactics of
the coalition of Republicans and
Southern Democrats in the present
Congress-are certain to weigh heav-
lily with voters in all parts of the
country. These are issues on which
the President is presumed to have
an advantage.
On the other hand, the trend at
this time seems to be against the
idea of third terms. Mr.. Truman,
Evening star., 1951-09-16

the loss of Trans 100000 barrels a
day.
Most of the Venezuelan oil is proc
essed at the refineries operated by the
Standard and Shell Oil Cos. on
the islands Of Aruba and Curacao, re-
Spectively. These refineries, together,
are exporting as of today total of
more than $4,000 barrels of oil prod
ucts. This is more than Abadan's out
put, which averaged about 100000
barrels day.
AS Secretary Chapman told the
Venezuela Petroleum Convention,
''Youl country guarantees a snoring
up of the free world if all-out war
should come 1t is already playing a
key roll in the rearmament program
of the free nations"
Evening star., 1951-09-16

business world and came down for
what they called "the duration"
More than a decade later "the dura-
ton" is still running on for him.
He left the War Department in 1945,
and went back to his work but year
and half later was again in the
Capital, the Undersecretary of State.
When Gen. Marshall was Army
Chief of Staff at the Pentagon dur
contact with him. But now the men
worked together closely the two top
men of the American diplomatic de-
partment.
They resigned almost together and
then came back almost together as
the No. and No. military de-
partrnent chiefs. No one was sur
prised when Gen. Marshall, resiening
as Defense Secretary, advised Presi-
dent Truman to name his associate to
the Pentagon post. 1t had become
something of dynasty.
Two decades in the business world
and another in Washington has given
Mr. Lovett deft touch in handling
thorny problems. He works without
any air of tension, and the chores
slide swiftly and smoothly over his
desk. Unlike some Washington Off.
cials. he doesn't tote a bulging brief
case of work home with him at night.
His aides say that may be because
he also works Saturdays, Sundays
and holidays.
Although long in administrative
and policy making positions of the
Government. he has had few if any
troubles with Congress.
Mr.. Lovett likes good, easy, friendly
chats and short, pithy jokes.
He swings through Pentagon corri-
doris and strides into the Offices Of
his colleagues and aides with an easy
pace. Talking at his desk, he tips
back in his chair or leans forward
with hands claSped. He doesn't doodle.
His dress is the conservative mode
OF the businessman, with dark suits
and ties of the somber shades favored.
Simple Social Life
When he was in the State Depart
ment, he and Mrs. Lovett did such
formal. White-tie entertaining as was
necessary in that diplomatic position.
But now, they prefer to keep their
social life simple. They live in hotel
suite, feeling they no longer need the
big home on Long Island, where their
son and daughter grew up.
Mr.. Lovett was one of the first
aviation enthusiasts. He learned to
fly in 1916 and when the United
States entered World War he went
to France as naval ensign pilot.
During the twenty years of business
life that followed his war service,
Mr.. Lovett kept lively interest in
aviation. helping finance American
planes for competition in interna-
tional air events.
When he became Assistant Secre-
tary of War for Air he found himself
working with one of the earliest and
most vigorous eXponentS of air
Power, Gen. Hap Arnold. Mr.. Lovett
found that one of his most perplex-
ing tasks was to keep Gen. Arnold's
soaring enthusiasm from driving :
Navy and Army officials into roaring
RACES. 1t was almost as difficult a
job as translating President Roose.
velts order for 100000 planes a
year into the delivered products.
ASSOCIATED Press,
Evening star., 1951-09-16

tering Democratic lines in the Solid
South since the AL Smith campaign
of 1928.
A few say the cleavage in the
Democratic National Convention and
the 1852 election will be the widest
and deepest suffered by any major
party since Theodore Roosevelt split
the Republican Party with his Bull
Moose movement in 1912.
Wide Division
Unquestionably, big and growing
division exists in the Democratic
Party It certainly could become
worse before it gets any better But
there is danger of oversimplification
in describing the condition as an in
evitable and irreconcilable North
South conflict, or pinning it person.
ally on President Truman, or sug-
: gesting it could automatically be
cured by nominating some other
Democrat-Chief Justice Vinson, for
instance.
Here are some of the main points
the dopesters must keep in mind
when marking the form sheets for
the, big 1852 handicap:
President Truman pulled through
in 1948, Notwithstanding the loss of
Alabama, Louisiana. Mississippi and
South Carolina to the Democratic
States Rights Party of the South
and the loss of New York and some
other areas mainly as result of the
Henry Wallace candidacy.
The President owed his reelection
in no small measure to the support
of\MidweSt States and the farm vote
in general. along with the backing
of sufficient voters in industrial and
urban centers.
In the congressional election pic
Evening star., 1951-09-16

where in the South and Southwest
these days.
Southern State Democrats have
served notice they will fight for
restoration of the two-thirdS rule in
the nominating convention, and for
a States rights" platform plank as
against the civil rights program
urged many times by the President.
Their chances of getting what they
want-either in the form of a nomi-
nee or a platform-seemS no better
than in 1948 In fact, they seem
worse, because of the loss of conven-
tion bonus votes" by Southern STATES
which departed from the fold in
1948.
The Vinson Question
So. if Mr.. Truman is to be non1i-
mated. they may well walk out again.
and stage an all-out campaign of
their own. If Chief Justice Vinson
were the nominee, the picture would
be different. But even then, there is
question as to how great the differ
ence would be.
Some close friends of Mr.. Vinson
declare he would rather stay where
he is. Some others observe that,
although the Chief Justice is Ken
tuckian, his adherence to the Tru-
man domestic and foreign policies.
as well as his own record on civil
rights cases before the Supreme
Court, would not necessarily endear
him to the South.
This much is sure: Mr.. Truman is
not one to run away from a fight.
If he decides he wants to run next
year, the Southerners are unlikely to
stop him from doing it, whatever
course they choose.
Evening star., 1951-09-16

President Truman, with the ma
tional election little more than
year away, can't get along with Dame
Democracy of the South and may
have trouble getting along without
her.
That somewhat typical domestic
difficulty evident politically in Re-
publican-Southern Democratic coali-
tionS at the Capitol, will plague the
Democratic National Convention
next summer. The Southern situa-
ton, more than any other single
factor, could widen breach through
which the G. o. P. might divide ar d
conquer at least part of the Solid
South, and capture the presidency
and control of Congress.
Eisenhower Threot
such break in the already uneasy
Democratic unity" could reach ma
jor and probably decisive proportions
If Mr.. Truman were opposed by Gen.
Eisenhower as Republican nominee.
If Mr.. Truman and Senator Taft
were campaign rivals, Democratic
administration worries might lessen.
Yet, even in such an event-which
at the moment seems the most likely
event-a Dixiecrat walkout at the
Democratic convention and parting
of the ways in the general election
could cause real trouble for Mr.. Tru-
man. Mr.. Taft'S friends don't claim
he would actually win any Southern
States. Their idea is that if a new
Dixiecrat candidate draws off
some of Mr.. Truman's electoral col.
lege votes, Mr.. Taft will win.
Long observers predict the
Dixiecrat revolt will be far more
serious than in 1948. Some hardy
commentators believe the Republi-
cans have their best chance of shat
Evening star., 1951-09-16

pumps 300, 900 barrels daily to tankers
loading off Sidon
Kuwait Oil Co. is owned f1fty-f1fty
by Gulf Exploration Co., an Amer
ican outfit, and Anglo-Iranian Oil
Co.. now attempting to save what
it can of it's holdings in Iran.
Evening star., 1951-09-16

the period of May "a to June "a, 1850.
The only limitation imposed was that
the ceiling be generally fair and
equitable" Sellers could ask for re-
lief on the basis of hardship, or could
appeal over the head of the Office of
Price Sterilization (OPS) to the
Emergency Court of Appeals.
In administering the act, OPS did
two things which sellers kicked about,
and of which Congress subsequently
disapproved:
l. In setting price ceilings, OPS
made specific allowances for sellers
cost increases only when they were
direct-that is, costs of materials and
factory labor. OPS sought to allow
for indirect costs by estimating what
was generally fair" rather than by
making an accountants study of each
item involved.
2. 1t dealt with an industry as a
whole, using only the generally fair"
standard. 1t believed the job would
be impossible if the problems of each
producer or distributor were consid-
cred individually, except on appeals
in hardship cases.
The Capehart amendment provides
these principle changes when prices
are rolled back to the pre-Korean
level:
/. OPS must make full allowance
for all cost increases, direct or in
direct.
2. If seller thinks his full cost
increases are not reflected in the
ceiling, whether it be a rollback or
any other ceiling, he can apply for
an adjustment on each item he sells.
OPS must take action upon each
application.
utterly UnworkobIe"
Mr.. Johnston, Mr.. Wilson and
Michael Disable, director of OPS,
call these provisions utterly unwork-
able. Mr.. Wilson says that in the case
of General Electric alone, applications
conceivably could be filed on zoo, 600
items.
1t would also be next to impossible.
they say, to determine just what
indirect cost increases are.
Further, the amendment requires
that if costs have risen, allowance
for the exact amount of the rise must
be made Under the 1850 law, OPS
did not make full allowance for ris-
ing costs if the seller had managed
to earn his normal profit through in
creased volume or other means.
The second big change in the law,
called the Herlong Amendment, after
Representative Herlong, Democrat, of
Florida, provides that price ceilings
must allow the seller the same profit
he enjoyed in pre-Korea days. It is
to be figured as a percentage of his
costs.
This" said Mr.. Disable to Sen
ate committee recently, "is not
maintenance of tight price control"
The third amendment provides
that no quotas shall be placed upon
the number of livestock that may be
slaughtered by any meat professor.
Professors had been complaining
that under the former OPS quota sys-
TEN, slaughterers often were not al
lowed to buy as many cattle. as they
had in previous year. They called
this needless brake on business.
OPS says that the quota system,
devised during World War II, is one
of the most important devices for pre-
venting black markets in meat, as
well as helping to hold down prices.
associated Press.
Evening star., 1951-09-16
South America:
By Edword TomIinson

An American delegation flew to
Caracas, last week, to attend the
meetings of the Venezuelan Ma
tional Petroleum Convention. Some
80 other nations also had been in
vited to send representatives. Sec
retary of the Interior Oscar Chap
man, who also is the defense petro-
leum administrator, was f1anked by
top members of his staff as he took
part in the opening session as the
personal representative of the PreSi-
dent. Assistant Secretary Edward G..
Miller. accompanied by key men from
the Bureau of Inter-American At
fairs in the State Department, left
later in the week to attend final ses-
sions. along with many of the most
prominent oil men in the United
States.
AlI-Out Production
Their mission was this: To per-
suade the Latin American nations to
go all-out in their oil production-to
make up for the loss of Iranian oil.
Under present conditions, this
country cannot meet the new de-
mands of Europe and at the same
time take care of it's own needs. The
domestic consumption of gasoline and
fuel oil is greater than ever before
and is still increasing. There are
more automobiles, more and bigger
airplanes. The trucking business has
become one of the giants of tranSpor-
tation. More and more railways have
substituted diesel for coal-burning
locomotives.
The best hope that Europe's de-
mandS for oil can be met lies in what
IS happening in VeneZuela-one South
American country in which the free
enterprise system still has a chance
to function.
In the last war, when most of the
European continent was under the
heel of Hitler and the Mediterranean
was closed, Britain was completely
dependent upon Venezuela and other
American countries for the greater
portion of its petroleum supplies
Venezuelan oil, together with the
fields OF Trinidad, kept the Royal Air
Force flying and the British Navy on
the high seas. Today. all the West
European countries will have to turn
to the Americas for more and more of
their gasoline and oil.
At the present rate of production,
the Southern Republics will not be
able to meet all the increased de-
mands. Ten of the countries produce
some oil. Several. including Colom-
bia, Bolivia and Brazil, have great
potentialities. Owing to political con-
Siderations and extreme nationalism,
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1951-10-19
SCANNING THE WEEKS NEWS
of Main Street and the World
Banks Report Increased Farm Loans;
Reds Ask Peace Talks Be Resumed

FARM REPORT-A of bankers home
Briefly,
indicates that farmers borrowing
That than make ends
Reports Kentnd banker operaona loan demands
terrific
cash and had for operon Today IS rs
Of machinery credit
South Dakota banker presents this picture For the first eight
Says up per year.
Capital is tied machinery and livestock.
About
decline
high addition
to
last fall sells for S64 In Minnesota hands drawing
without $40
who paid sl75 100 for binding Irvine last s1675
Indicate overall
approximately IS last and per cent
February when farm prices began their decline
agriculture
buy
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1951-10-19
Place of Treaties

Among peace making palaces
and chancelleries, Versailles Hall
of Mirrors holds a world record.
The armistice ending the American
Revolution, prior to the formal
treaty of peace, was signed there
in 1888. In 1901, Versailles was
the headquarters of the German
army besieging Paris, and there
William I of Prussia was crowned
German emperor in 1871. After
World War I, the treaty between
the Allies and Germany was signed
in the Hall of Mirrors on June 20,
1919. Now General Eisenhower's
Supreme Headquarters, Allie d
Powers in Europe, is rising in the
Forest of Marty not far from Yer
sailles.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1951-10-19
Some Tonnage

Since mining began in America,
about Is billion tons of bituminous
coal have been taken out of the
ground.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1951-10-19
Tree Farms

In 1850, 1870 of the industrial for
est land of the West Coast region
was certified as TREE FARMS.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1951-10-19
DEFENSE PRODUCTION
50, 600 Annual Plane Output Possible

Manly F1eischmann, defense pro-
duction administrator, reports the
nation will soon have the capacity
to pour out 10000 tanks and $4,000
planes a year-plus strategic stock
piles ito carry US through year Of
total war;"
In a speech at the 10th American
Federation Of Labor convention in
San Francisco, he said stockpiles
Of strategic materials needed to