davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-29
Equilibrium and Movement
Alexander Calder's exhihitic

Alexander Calder's exhibition
of mobiles and stables has
changed the galleries of the In
stitute Of Contemporary Arts into
a forest straight out of a fairy
tale. Suspended from long slen-
der steel wires, are variety of
abstract shapes, circles and others
more often curved than angular
made from sheet aluminium and
painted white, black and colors.
These are balanced with ap-
parent perfect equilibrium, and
move gently or rapidly at a
breath. or touch or draught. Prop
erly Illuminated, they cast shad-
ows which participate in the
design. All are different, each
is an original creation. Some
are quite large, having a. wing
spread of 10 feet or more, and
suspension of half as many
The sculptor, present at the open
ing of his show, told me, These
have to be seen to be understood
and no accompanying explana-
ton is necessary" One either
understands it Git seems to me
enjoys" is better word here)
or does not. Erudite students
of modern art (among them
Washington artist Peter Blanc
by whom there is a scholarly
article on cart and the Atom"
in this months Magazine of Art
can connect Mr.. Calder's mobiles
with Einstein's theory. and show
analogies between modern artists
and scientists attitudes towards
changing concepts of matter.
This is Mr.. Calder's second
.one-man show in Washington. his
first having been held in 1914
at the Free French Society D. C.
branch. But his work is doubt
less familiar, through magazine
reproductions, to many persons
who heretofore may not have
seen original examples. He in
vented mobiles 20 years ago when
he was living in Paris. His crea-
tlons are usually classed as sculp-
lures although. as he said, the
French term "objet dart" would
be better.
Alexander Calder is the third of
his name to be a sculptor. His
grandfather, Alexander Milne
Calder, came to the United States
from Scotland. His father, Alex
Evening star., 1951-04-29
HoveEock Ellis Essays First Time Published
In This Country Reveal q Changing World
THE GENIUS OF EUROPE


BY Havelock Ellis. (Rinehdrt, S
This collection of essays is be-
ing published in this country for
the first time. The earliest of
these papers dates back to 1901.
The most recent, probably Mr..
Ellis last composition, a discus
sion of "Nationalism and Peace, :"
was written in the spring of '39, a
few months before he died on
almost the eve of World War II.
The other essays range between
'16 and '25.
None of them appeared in pre-
vious books, and Mr.. Ellis, pre-
pairing this book at the time of
his death, explained that he had
not attemped to bring any of the
earlier essays up to date because
of political changes in the coun-
tries analyzed. He was mot deal
ing with temporary conditions, but
seeking to reach traits which re-
main comparatively permanent
during many centuries -
It is true that in the chapters
on England, Russia, France, Ger
many and Spain, the genius" of
each, he has stressed fundamental
characteristics and written with a
historical perspective. Even so, you
can't help being conscious of the
momentous changes which since
have swept over these countries.
1t will be for future historians to
say whether the events of the last
IL years have made permanent
changes in the character and
habits of those nationals. Mean
while we can wonder. The essay
Evening star., 1951-04-29
Reading and Writing
William FouIkner's Nobel Prize Speech
An Immortal Tribute to Human Dignity
By Mary McGrory

'~'
Recently Random House has re
printed in a handsome little bro
chure William Faulkner's Nobe
Prize speech, made on the occa
sion of the award last December
It seems to us a noble statemen:
not just for a writer's, but for al
men attempting to maintain hu
man dignity in what Mr.. Faulk
ner calls "our tragedy" We re
print it herewith:
~ feel that this award waS
not made to me as a man, but
to my 1Oork-a Hte's worE in
the agong and s1Dedt OF the
human spirit, not for glory and
least OF all for profit, bat to
create out of the materials OF
the human spirit something
Which did not erist before. So
this atDard is only mine in trust.
1t iUiU not be difficult to find a
dedication for the money part
of it commensurate NTH the
purpose and significance OF its
origin. But 1Dould like to do
the same NTH the acclaim, too,
by using this moment as a pin
nacle from t0hich might be
listened to by the young men
and tDomen already dedicated
to the same anguish and traDail,
among lDhom is already that
one 1Dho 1Dill some day stand
here Uhere 7 am standing.
"Our tragedy today is a gen.
eral and universal physical fear
so long sustained By 7lol0 that 1De
can even bear it. There are no
longer problems of the spirit.
There is only the question:
When tUiH / be blo10n up? Be-
cause of this the young man or
,Domlan iDriting today has for
gotten the problems of the hu-
man heart in conflict aDith itself.
Dhich alone can make good
Uriting because only that is
north ,Driting about. north the
agony and the Si1eGt.
I'VE must learn them again.
He must teach himself that the
basest of all things is to be
afraid: and, teaching himself
that. forget it toreUer. leGving
no room in his lDorkStop for
anything but the old DeritieS and
truths OF the heart, the old uni
uersdl truths lacking Which any
story is epheneral and doomed
--loue and honor and pity aid
pride and compassion and sacri-
flee. Until he does so, he ldbors
under a curse. He t0rites not OF
loUe but OF lust, OF defeats in
Dhich nobody loses anything Ct
Ualue, OF victories lDithout hope
and, lDorSt of all, Without pity
or compassion. His griefs griepe
on no uniuerSdl bones, leaUing
no scars. He torites not of the
heart but of the glands.
Until he relearns these
things. he aDiH ,Drite as though
he stood among and matched
the end OF man. ! decline to &C.
cept the end OF man. 1t is easy
enough to say that man is inn
mortal because he aDiH endure; !;
that aUhen the last ding dong of
doom has changed and faded
from the last tUorthless rock
hanging tideleSs i'm the last red
and dying eDening, that even
then there tUill still be one more
sound. that OF his puny iner-
hauStible sUoice, still talking. /
refuse to accept this. / belieue
that man tDiH not merely en-
dure;; he aDil preuail. He is i'm
mortal, not because he alone
among creatures has an iner-
hnustible Uoice, but because he
has a soul, a spirit capable of
compassion and sacrifice and
endurance. The poets. the
Evening star., 1951-04-29

aDriter'S duty is to 1Drite about
these things. 1t is his privilege
to help man endure By lifting
his heart, By reminding him OF
the courage and honor and hope
and pride and compassion and
pity and sacrifice Which haze
been the glory OF his past. The
poets Uoice need not merely be
the record of man, it can be one
OF the props, the pillars to help
him endure and preuGil."
A recent visitor from abroad
was Godfrey Cotterell, persona
BILE and gifted young Englishman
whose Strait and Narrow" called
forth great critical huzzas and
comparisons with the best of J.P.
Marquand.
Mr.. Cotterell has been touring
the United States in a second
hand car which he sold at profit
before sailing, spending the dol
lars accruing to his account
through sales of his novel here.
It wasn't anything as studied as
a field trip for local color, but
he doesn't deny he might be using
some of the data he picked up
in his ramblings from coast to
coast.
Mr.. Cotterell, who served an
apprenticeship writing pulp f1c-
ton in London, has actually
never read Mr. Marquand: nor
did he meet him during his visit
here. AS a matter of fact, Mr.. c.
appears to have given the literary
set fairly wide miss, having de-
voted himself instead to the small
towns, tourist camps and cross
roads of the country. All things
considered, he said, he felt as
though he had never left home.
He thought the Anglo-Saxon in
f1uence, especially in the small
towns, was definitely the domi-
nant note.
There is one difference, how
ever. When he gets home and
back to his club, he doesn't ex-
pect any one to greet him with
anything more encouraging than
a lifted eyebrow and calculated
Been away?"
Evening star., 1951-04-29

in a New England town, to the
father Tom thought he hated and
to the Catholic church which he
blamed, along with his parents,
for an unhappy adolescence. He
left home, a rebellious kid, and
bummed around the country,
finally signing up at a West Coast
recruiting station. He thought he
had cut himself off from every
thing he'd known-family, church,
poverty-but he didn't know. And
now he was psycho-out of
everything.
The first step Tom took in an
other direction was when he no
ticed a wardmate named Gaddy,
who had attempted suicide. Tom
felt he had to persuade Gaddy to
eat and take some interest in liv-
ing. Gradually Gaddy came out
q of his lethargy and began to talk
and the two became friends.
When the Japanese bombarded
Manila, the hospital was evacu-
ated. The patients and medics
were crowded into a tug to be
taken across the bay. Near the
far shore the tug was wrecked by
a bomb. Again Tom found him.
self thinking Of others. He made
the dock with one wounded man,
then returned to the wallowing
craft again and again for others.
Tom and Gaddy were locked in
another ward, where the doctor
was more like a cop" and, the
medics were bullies. One night
they escaped. They tried to get
to the American Army on Bataan,
but, were captured by a Jap patrol.
When a japanese sergeant, with a
bayonet at Toms throat, asked
him if he was a Christian, Tom
hesitated. Was he? He didn't
think so. "Yes!' he answered de-
family. The sergeant. with sud-
den admiration for the prisoners
courage. spared his life. When a.
wounded Filipino in a prison
camp was dying he gave Tom his
eruciflx. Tom put it around his
neck. and he knew then, without
reasoning, that it would protect
him.
There were always, in the
months, the years. that followed
others. comrades to take Tom out
of himself. Gabby went strange
again. but there were Jackson,
Shorty, others, who seemed help
less, to look after. In this concern,
for others, for whom he was al
Evening star., 1951-04-29

convert this moment into the great
turning point of all time.
Why has not Russia marched be-
fore now? Mr.. Hoffman adopts
Mr.. Churchill's belief in the de-
terring effect of our atomic bomb
stockpile. Then. he says, after the
United Nations response to the
Korean aggression the Kremlin
knows that if it moves in Europe
ut will precipitate a full-scale war
with all of the free world
against it. ...
Mr.. Hoffman is among those
who believe the downfall of the
Soviet regime is inherent in its
structure, with the tensions max
ing a breakup likely already dis
cernible.
To wage peace, he advises, we
must move forward on four fronts
military, economic, political and
psychological.
The military program is ap-
proximately what We are engaged
in now, a three-year buildup at
a cost of about $50 billion an
nually, then to be scaled down to
about half that while we continue
to stand alert. On the economic
front, he writes, the ECA proved
that economic regeneration led to
a regeneration of morale. He
recommends an overseas eco
nomic administration at the cab
met level.
Politically, we must begin think
ing in terms of world politics and
define our relations with all
peoples in all parts of the world.
He takes occasion here to pay
tribute to the State Department
staff as hard working, devoted
and competent people-not cookie
pushers.
On the information front he ad-
viSeS that we must define our
free-world doctrine and propagate
it through, under and around the
iron and bamboo curtains. Here
he again recommends a cabinet
department, a single overeas in
formation agency prepared to
spend $500 million or more. But
tressing its work would be a nom
Evening star., 1951-04-29

lander Stirling Calder, born in
Philadelphia, had an enviab1e
career of more than half a CEN
tury. received many awards, and
lived to see examples of his work
throughout the country. including
several here. As A. Stirling Cali
der was SCULPTOR in the tradi-
tional meaning, I asked his son
what the father thought of these
mobiles. MIR. Calder replied, He
didn't understand them immedi.
ately, but finally seemed to be-
come quite fond of at least some
of them"
Evening star., 1951-04-29
"A New View of Red
Prison Confessions

RUSSIAN PURGE AND THE
EXTRACTION OF CONFESSION
BY F. Beck and w. Godin. (Vik-
ing; $780,
The authors, who use pseudo
nyms for safety. escaped from
Russia. They are described as
a Soviet historian and a German
professor of science, who are we'll
known to English authorities.
Those looking for the sensa-
tional, for some startling explana-
ton Of the technic used to extort
the confessions so familiar in
Soviet trials, will not find it in
this book. The authors have
approached the problem with
scientific caution. They give a
number of explanations, and they
have several theories, but diligent
search of these pages still leaves
the self-abasement of accused
Russians more a mystery than a
phenomenon understood. Not that
their treatise fails to throw inter-
eSting light on the subject.
"The completeness of prisoners
confessions in Soviet political trials
lis not easy to understand" they
admit. "The explanation is to be
found partly in the psychology OF
Soviet man"
DOcility in Court.
This docility in court is not to
be explained solely by the impact
of Interrogation" they report
Though "the interrogation methods
particularly when applied for
months or years, are capable of
breaking the strongest will" The
decisive factor lis that the
majority of convinced Communists
must at all costs preserve their
faith in the Soviet Union. To re-
nounce it would be beyond their
powers. :. The explanation is not
secret drugs or even the mysterious
tendency of the Russian soul to
self-accusation. They are the
victims and martyrs of their own
regime, which they fought for and
set up themselves"
One of the authors most sig
nificant points is that no intelli-
gent person in the Soviet Union be-
lieves in either the accusations or
the confessions of most political
defendants. It was the talk of
witch trials" that eased off the
great purges of the '30s and
stopped mass trials.
Torture and beatings are not
always used, though a favorite
method still is to keep the prisoner
awake for days until his mind is
so shattered he will sign anything
for a little sleep.
Evening star., 1951-04-29
Current Exhibitions

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART. Con-
stitution avenue and Sixth street
Paintings. sculptures by masters.
Gulbenkian collection of Egyptian
sculpture and European paintings.
by Kress Foundation, 1945-1951.
Flower prints. paintings and color
plate books from collection of Mrs.
Roy Arthur Hunt.
NATIONAL MUSEUM. National Col
lection Of Fine Arts, Constitution
avenue and, Tenth Street-Amer-
lean paintings and old masters.
Exhibition by, Potomac Appalach-
Eighteenth annual of Miniature
Painters. Sculptors and Gravers
Society. to open next Sunday.
FREER GALLERY OF ART. Twelfth
street and Jefferson driye-Ori-
entail and Far Eastern arts. Paint
ings and etchings by Whistler and
other American artists; changing
exhibits.
CORCORAN GALLERY OF ART. Sew
enteenth street between New York
avenue and E street-Americsn
second Biennial exhibition Of
Contemporary American Oil Paint
ingS: exhibition by Sue Fuller.
PHILLIPS MEMORIAL GALLERY,
1900 Twenty-first street-Paint-
ings and prints Exhibition by
Ben Nicholson, through April.
ARTS CLUB, 20l7 I street-Exhibi-
tion by the Sketch Club.
DUMBARToN OAKS Collection. 1903
TThhiI;t{ysecond Thr;t{,ss end pal street NW;.Early
days through Sundays. 2-5.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. East Cap
itol and First streets-''Fifty
Books Of the Year"
TEXTILE MUSEUM, $3.50 S street
N.W:-Rugs, tapestries and other
and Peru. Open Monday. Wednes-
day and Friday, 2-5 pm. Admis-
sion by card obtsinable at the Of
nee OF George Hewitt Myers, 73O
Fifteenth street NV.
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIvER-
SITY LIBRARY, 2023 G street
N.W.-Exhibition by Gladys Mill
gan and Dean Stambaugh. G. w.
U. Art Club's third annual. to
WHYTE GALLERY. 1918 connecti-
cut avenue N.W.-Paintings by
John Chapman Lewis, to May 8.
WATKINS GALLERY. Massachusetts
and Nebraska avenues NV
Spring annual of Contemporary
Paintings, through May 20.
SILVER SPRING ART CENTER.
92l6 Flower avenue Silver Spring
--Four-artist exhibition, through
INSTITUTE OF CONTEMPORARY
ARTS. 1922 New York avenue NV.
Exhibition by Alexander Calder.
UNITED NATIONS CLUB, Nineteenth
ana r streets N.W.-Exhibition by
Waldorf Schools in United States.
GEORGETOWN PUBLIC LIBRARY.
Wisconsin avenue and r street
N.W.-Exh1bition by Ethel Pea
cock. through April.
XTON-DECATUR NAVAL MU-
scum, 1910 H street NW.-"Sea
Power and Early American His
tory" exhibition of maritime
prints from the Eberstadt Collec-
tion. through mid-May.
THE NEW GEORGETOWN GALLERY,
3224 Prospect avenue-Oil paint
ings by Edes and Rosalind Tai
HOWARD UNIVERSITY GALLERY
OF ART, 2401 Sixth street NV
Thomas W. Hunster Memorial Ex-
hibition. through tomorrow.
I. F. A. GALLERIES, 1929 Connecti-
cut avenue N.W.-Contemporary
design in jewelry.
BARNETT ADEN GALLERY, 1877
Randolph place N.W.-Anniversary
exhibition.
Evening star., 1951-04-29
Witty Novel Gives
1Airwuve Pundits
Needed Ribbinq
THE ORACLE

THE ORACLE
BY Edwin O'Connor. Harper 6
Bros; $2.75.J
A witty novel seems too much
to hope for these sulky days. A
witty first novel seems about al
UNLIKELY as Truman-MacArthul
handshake. But here is Mr.. O'Con.
nor hilariously dismantling q
stuffed shirt as If these were hap
pier times with all the assurance
OF an old hand. It is Immediately
written mayhem.
Unlike most writer's first time
up, Mr.. O'Connor does not ask
you to relive with him for sew
eral hundred thousand ill-chosen
words each pang Of his adoles-
cence. He is, for the whole brief
and exhilarating course of his
novel, on the sidelines, which is
of course, exactly where the satir-
list ought to be. He has learned
much. apparently from Evelyn
Waugh-if not how to be subtly
devastating, at least to be devas-
tating.
The best thing you can say
about Christopher Usher. the
radio commentator with the ram
paging ego and the inflated salary
is that he is every mush-mouthed
wiseman you have ever raced to
your radio to turn of. In the
words Of his thoroughly disen-
chanted ather-in-law. Christie
lpher has "a remarkable talent for
the commonplace"
Christopher's broadcasts follow
the standard pattern of boost
for the flag, a knock for Wash
ington, a natural history note:
GA question for you, question
for me: can these trained worms
learn: Have they, like you, like me,
an intellect?') His private life is
in perfect order, with an intel
ligent, devoted wife and a lus-
cious miStreSs-perfect, that is,
until he asks his tough little
sponsor for a raise.
Mr.. O'Connor's style is very
fine, with only a high-priced word
now and then to cloud it's felicity
Some of his happiest inventions
are the simplest: The listing of
old time radio favorites sent
Christopher as he awaits his doom;
the broadcast of a Hollywood COL
umnist-Sample item: Biggest
surprise of the week was Bubbles
de VrieS' announcement that she
will enter a convent in Iceland
as soon as she finishes Strip
Tease for MGM." The funniest,
however, was perhaps uninten-
/. tional, a World War ! general
who keeps calling himself "an old
soldier"
The author, in fact, hasn't bitten
off any more than he can chew
He has a good grip on himself and
his material. Only the girls don't
come off so well. These are, how
ever, two minor flaws in a deft
and beautifully turned comedy.
MARY McGRORY.
Evening star., 1951-04-29

ways ready to work or fight, Tom
found the integrity he thought he
had lost. Life, however hard, had
a meaning.
It is the spiritual quality of
"The Weight of the Cross" that
gives it distinction. Tom is ap-
pealing, likable. He is never too
immersed in self-searching to
fight when somebody imposes on
him or to work furiously to keep
the Jap guards off "his bunch" !"
The author has managed without
ever letting interest flag to keep
the point of view Toms through
out long story. no small achieve
ment. 1t might be noted, too,
that Mr.. Bowen has not needed
the so-called four letter words to
write scenes of terrifying realism.
I doubt that a finer character
study has come out of the war.
Evening star., 1951-04-29

Government, crusading propa-
ganda agency supported by mil
lions of individuals, sending "oral
missionaries" to carry the free
world doctrine to every village and
group and puncturing the Com
munist myths.
No brief summary can portray
the conviction or inspiration with
which Mr.. Hoffman writes; the
reader will have to get that him
self. There is in the book an all
too-brief discussion of the work
of ECA. There are also frank de-
scriptions of the changes brought
by events in the views held by Mr..
Hoffman, by instinct and indoc-
trination" an isolationist. Now,
he points out, the best defense of
the Midwest might well begin in
Berlin, Tokyo or SpitZbergen,
Evening star., 1951-04-29

hospital. One
day aboard the
destroyer in the
harbor he had
as they say
blown his top,
tried to kill the
captain. But his
blowup was the
elimination OF
difficulties that
went years back
of his enlist
ment. T h e S e
S i m m e r in g
troubles dated
L. Ls.AslLhAAA
Evening star., 1951-04-29
Books in Review
New Author Writes Vivid War Novel
OfMon Who Found Peace in Jup Prison
Reviewed by Carter Brooke Jones
THE WEIGHT OF THE CROSS
BY Robert o. Bowen. (Knopf;; $780,

In a moved Of power and orig
inality, new writer tells the story
of a mans regeneration through
brutal years In a Japanese prison
er-of-war camp in the Philippines
The twin struggle this man
wages-for physical survival in
face of starvation and inhuman
labor and to bring his mind out
of a darkness that had nothing to
do with the war-iS developed
with rare skill and understanding
:: The day of the attack on Pearl
Harbor found Tom Daley. an en-
listed man in the Navy, locked in
the psycl1iatric ward Of a Manila
Evening star., 1951-04-29
We Must Move Forward on Four Fronts
To Wage Peace, Advises Paul Hoffman
PEACE CAN BE WON
BY Paul G. Hoffman. Doubleday Co.. CLOTH $780, paper ST.
Reviewed by Francis p Douglas
-Chase-Statler Photo.
PEACE CAN BE WON
Bv Paul c.. Hoffman.

Mr. Hoffman written great book American should
read it. Such statement plunge
end, but it is put down with conviction
The former head of the Cooperation
believes we live in of history most privileged
that the instead Of fighting
Evening star., 1951-07-29
"Harry HOmeOsOner's
House Repair
Charge Account

There's no need to carry a lot
of cash around when you
shop or when you order
by phone you don't have to be
home for COD. deliveries /.
At Hechinger's, and only at
Hechinger's, you just say
charge it."
Evening star., 1951-07-29

made during Egyptian research
on light and sight during the
l4th century.
AS DR.. El-Zayyat talked. he
stood beside two handsome ala
baSter vases which looked as
though they might have been
purchased yesterday In any
modern department store. The
difference was that the vases
we're made about 2750 BIC.
In a nearby case stood
wood-and-bronZe statue of an
ibis. q sacred bird to the ancient
Egyptians. It was made about
1000 years ago.
What better example of
modern streamllning could
there be?" the attache asked.
The figures graceful curves
and balance seemed to bear
out his statement.
Evening star., 1951-07-29

Ways to Pay!

A regular 30-day charge ac-
count is nice. Our own
Budget Plan with a small
down payment and up to IS
months to pay is dandy for
larger purchases. We can
arrange FILA financing for
most of. the merchandise in
our stores (10% down, up to
80 months to pay.
Evening star., 1951-07-29

There were other examples
just as striking In emphasizing
the objective Of the display:
A 900-year-old dish or plate
with a bird as the central figure
in the pattern. In design, the
dish looks as new as tomorrow.
Fragments of fabrics 1000
years old with designs much
like current drapery and up
holstering materials and even
yardgoods.
Ceramics and pottery not
greatly unlike pieces we all
have around the house today.
1T isn't so much that there
is nothing new under the SUM-"
DR.. El-Zayyat concluded. Its
the fact that good art is always
good art. whether 1t be Amer
lean or Egyptian, new or
ancient. w. ]. M.