davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01
VALUE OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE m WORLD WAR II
NOT ONLY SAVED LIVES
BUT SHORTENED PACIFIC FIGHT

FIVE thousand Nisei officers and en-
listed men.
The war Department. also start
cd a japanese language school on
the campus of the University OF
Michigan for officer candidates and
officers for occupation duty. 1t al
so offered similar language courses
az various colleges and universities
through the Army Specialized
Training Program.
One can unhestitatingly say,
therefore, that never before in inc
history of the United States were
so many young people exposed TO
the japanese language as in the
last decade and that this great
linguistic experiment. neceSsitated
by the war with Japan certainly
gave a lie TO the old belief that A
merican youth cannot learn a for
eign language.
People who have been conscious
of the weaknesses of the American
Far Eastern experts in the past be-
cause of their unfamiliarity with
the japanese language are witness
ing a birth of new epoch. Already
we find specialists in the various
professions capable of handling ia
panese; graduates of these schools,
spurred by their success in learning
one of the most difficult languages,
studying Chinese, Russian and/or
Korean as their second and third
languages; and scholars of Far
Eastern studies using Japanese
source materials hitherto consider
ed inaccessible by American orien-
taliSts of former times.
1, therefore, wish to avail myself
of the opportunity accorded me to
remind the readers that all America
owes debt of gratitude to those
who applied themselves to the stu
dy of the japanese language during
and after the war, for they are in
deed the pioneers who are blazing
the trail to a new democracy on the
Pacific.
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01
BY BETTY MURAKAMI
This is Japan.

L MS Is JdI)dIl.
The song and poem inspiring Mt.
Full, the Glitter clatter Of the wood
EN- getas, mothers with babies on
their backs, girls in their gay color
full kimonos-they blend to make
up a part of the fascinating and
scenic background of Japan
Crossing 1000 miles across the
vast Pacific, I set my feet for the
first time on Japanese soil with
much anticipation and many ques-
tons. 1t was not long before I learn
ed to say 'howdy" on my Bonded
knees, both hands extended in front
palms down, and head practically
brushing the StraW-matted tatami
floor
l have been pestered with mos
quitOes, Toasted on by fleas, and
have learned that women of Jap
an make extensive use of honOri-
FIGS in their daily speech. Where
there were no sidewalks, have
joined the thrOng of bicycles, oxen
pulled carts, horses, autos, busses,
etc. Running hot water, other mo-
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01
u. S. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE
FIRST TO OPEN SCHOOLS IN al

1941 made it necessary for the US.
Military and Naval Intelligence
Services TO consider the possibility
of training thsir officers that they
might make practical use of the Ian
guage in the Pacific theater.
The US. Naval Intelligence Ser
vice was the first to make survey
in the prospect Of recruiting pro-
missing students for the japanese
language training school it was con-
templating to establish. In this
connection. the University of Wash
ingon could well congratulate itself
for having pioneered in the teach
ing of japanese. for after making a
nation wide survey, Captain A. E.
Hindmarsh, USNR, wrote Both
Shaw and I we're very much i'm
pressed with the character and the
attainments of your students, for
they showed a more practical know
ledge Of the language than any o.
ther group we saw in a rather wild
inspection"
On September 2, 194l. the Navy
Department quietly opened two ia
panese language schools, one al
Harvard University and another a
the University of California. and
was considering the possibility o.
creating a similar one at the Uni
versity of Washington. The Har-
ward unit was discontinued early in
1912. and soon afterwards, due to
the evacuation order to all persons
of Japanese ancestry from the West
coast which involved the Japanese
American instructors. the school at
Berkeley, California, was moved to
the University of Colorado, where
it remained until 1916.
The remarkable features of
this school we're: ~ that it
taught nearly 1,5OO naval officers
their enemy language; (2) that
it accepted from the various col
leges and universities only stu
dents with the highest scholastic
ability. including graduate stu
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01

former Miss ShinOhara) working
as DAG with CLIO, ATS, Tokyo.
Mrs. Yuji Ueminami former
Yuki Watanabe) with the Ameri-
can Consulate in Yokohama
Mrs. Lillian Taniichi former
Lillian Katayama) employed as
DAG, GHQ, Civil Property Gus
todian, Tokyo
Mrs. Ruth Fujita former Ruth
Hamada), residing in Kobe, en-
plOyed at Kobe Post Exchange
as DAG
Mrs. Rose Tanaka former Rose
Hamada) residing in Kobe, taking
care of her sick husband, who is
former University of Calf. ten
mis- letterman.
Welly Shibata, No. l editor of
English section Osaka Mainichi
Miss Kiku Nakabayashi, work.
ing for Japan Tourist Bureau,
Tokyo
Miss Marik0 Koitabashi, resid-
ing with her mother in Tokyo,
teaching English at different Jap
anese schools.
George OtsubO, president of
Toa KOgyo of Tokyo
Yutaka Lefty Hayashitani,
director of TOa KOgyO Co. of To-
kyO
Joe Hirakawa, better known as
Come Come Ojisan, making quite
a name for himself, via MIX,
Tokyo Radio
Joe ShimbO, formerly with
GHQ, soap, now foreign ira
der in Tokyo.
Nobu SaitO, making good as a
foreign trader in Tokyo
Fred Hamada, profitabIy doing
business as legal cOnsultant to
various japanese firms. Daughter,
Miss Joan Toshiko, now attend
ing AOyama Gakuin of Tokyo
TAM Koitabashi, now No. 2 man
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01

find happy shooting in Japan's see
mic, historical, and cultural cities.
Country life is rather dishear-
tening in the eyes of anyone who
has been smOthered in the luxur-
les of this machine age. When
there is need for water, one has
to make trips to the well about
twenty steps away or even more
from the house.
Women, who are fortunate to have
homes near a river, take their wash
there and nice, large rock serves
as their washboard Fuel for their
cooking stoves are dried leaves and
twigs, properly dried and cut All
work on the farms is done by hand.
Not single piece of machinery is
in sight.
In fact, these japanese farmers
would be helpless if they had a
tractor wished upon them. From
the trains, the small, tiny fields
look like enlarged squares which
form the background of cross
word puzzle. Every bit of arabic
land, from the Iowlands to the
hill sides is titled and harvested.
Japan has made tremendous, vi
sible growth and progress in the
past year Her industrious people
have cast the war years behind
them, and all their energies are
concentrated to the building up of
new democratic Japan.
Democracy is new to them, and
some have misconceptions of this
newly found freedom. Some err
ratio citizens Haunted this new
freedom when their neighbOrs
complained of the loud blare of
their radios. In the days, shortly
proceeding the end of the war,
her citizens were bewildered, too
confused to digest" and practice
the principles of democracy.
Their first thoughts were of salts
flying their stomachs which had
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01

with the Nippon Times, the lar
gest English newspaper in Japan.
Miss Hoshi, sister of Satoshi
HOshi, now with the Haneda FBA,
FEC as DAG
James NishimOtO, import and
export business in MarunOuchi
Bldg, Tokyo
George Terada, now connected
with an import and export firm
in Tokyo
George Ogishima, director of
Radio Press News Agency, Tokyo
Ray TOminaga, President OF
TOei Commercial Co., agency for
Consumer Export Corporation, N.
Y.
Sakae Tominaga, Red Cross
worker, also working for one of
the newspaper firms in Kuma-
motto
NOashi Hayashi, connected with
a Japanese firm as liaison chief
Max Tominaga, DAG, special
Procurement Board, Yokohama
Joe Higuchi, DAG, Military
Government, Accounting Section
James Fukuda, DAG, CLIO.
soap
Hachiro Kita, DAG, GHQ, Sc
AP
Yoshio Shimogaki, manager Of
Coca Cola base warehouse and
Coca Co. 2 gas plant in Yo-
kOhama
Miss HanakO Iseri, secretary,
Coca-COla office in Yokohama
Mrs. Yuki Otsuki formerly
Osawa), employed in the Ameri-
can Consulate, Tokyo
Mrs. June Bessie formerly
ogawa), housewife, Tokyo
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01
BY HENRY S. TATSUMI

The Japanese language before
World War II was regarded as the
most difficult language to master
One of the Jesuit missionaries in tbs
latter half of the sixteenth century
said that the Japanese language
must have been the invention OF
the devil in his desire to prevent
the heather from obtaining know
ledge of the true faith.
Bafcadio Hearn, a keen observer
and writer on Japan and the Japa-
nese people, said. Gould you
learn all the words in a japanese
dictionary, your acquisition would
not help you in the least to max
yourself understood in speaking, un-
less you had learned also to think
like a Japanese-that is to say tc
think backwards. to think upside
down and inside-out to think in di-
rections totally foreign to Aryan ha-
bit. Experience in the acquisition
Of European languages can help
you to learn japanese as much as
it could help you to acquire the Ian
guage spoken by the inhabitants
of Mars. To be able to use the
japanese tongue as a japanese uses
it. one would need to be born again
and to have ones mind completely
reconstructed, from the fouhda-
ton upwards"
Professor Basil Hall Cham
berlain who, towards the end of
the nineteenth century, was invi-
ted to become the first professor
of Japanese and PhilolOgy at the
Imperial University of Tokyo be-
cause of his profound knowledge
of the Japanese language, declar-
ed il to be the most complicated
and uncertain system of writing
under which poor humanity has
ever grOaned'.
Despite the discouraging views OF
these Western scholars of Japanese
the impending war with Japan in
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01
the University of Washington

Canada.
One can readily see that keen
competition existed among such a
highly selective body Of students,
Capt. Hindmarsh personally chose
and interviewed some 10000 appli-
cants and admitted only about
1900 of them to this school. These
students studied day and night con-
tinuously for fourteen months rest
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01

ing only on Sundays and holidays.
They not only learned to speak the
language, but learned to read and
write thousands of Chinese charac-
tiers and compounds; to translate
japanese into English and vice YER
sa; and to decipher the SORGHUM
(the epistolary style), the bunko-tai
(the literary Style, and sosho (the
highly cursive script
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1951-01-01

dents and those with Pho. de-
grees; (3) that it taught Japa-
nese to men from various profess
sIonaI IIeIds-college PROFESSORS,
language teachers, lawyers, engi-
neers, scientists, philosophers, So
biologists, ETC.; and a. that it
trained WAVES (Women's Reserve
of the u. S. Naval Reserve) and
naval officers from England and
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21

The winners were announced
by Dr. Frank Aydeiotts, Of the
institute for advanced study.
Aydelotte is American secretary
sof the Rhodes trustees.
The awards entitle successful
candidates to minimum of two
years study at Oxford University
at England. The winners, who
come from "A colleges. are per-
mitted their own choice of sub
jects at the English University.
Selection committees in the 48
states picked 81 finalists Dec. Il
from more than 400 aspirants who
had been recommended to them
The recommendations came after
a primary selection by colleges
and universities throughout the
country.
The successful candidates, who
enter Oxford in October, 1852, in
clude:
District q Great Lakes:
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21
MiIlionth Death
Expected Dec. n

CH1CAGO-tRD- Here is a box
score on the approach of the
1,00O,000th automobile death:
Death total as Of last week 99S, 100
Death totals as of today 998, 900
Deaths short of one million LOO
Expected date of millionth
death, Dec. %.
The National Safety Council
last week forecast Dec. 81 as
the day of the millionth death
would occur. The date was moved
back one day because of fewer
traffic deaths during the first
two weeks of December than had
been expected on the basis of
statistics.
The council said the difference
between the current total of
998, 900 and last weeks 99S, 100
represents adjustments due to de-
layed deaths from injuries suf-
fered earlier, to delayed report
ing to death and to addition of
deaths occurring the week of Dec.
z to 13.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
Greer =. fmbrie. MInisteF
The Adult Choir praeticees Thur
sday at pm. and Saturday al {
SUNDAY. December %. 1851.
The Sunday School begins at g.I5
am. Roger Counts Stpt. The Wof-
sheip Service will be AT I'll am.
The sermon subject will be "A
LITTLE. child In The Midst OF
The Adult Choir, directed by
special music. The organ selections
by Mrs. William Ensley. VIII ita-
clude "Jesu Bambino' by Yon. at
The Cradle" by Grieg and "Chor-
ale" by Bach. There is nursery
for small children.
At n.m. on Sunday the Service
OF Christmas Music viii be pre-
sented by the choirs and organist.
The Junior Choir directed by Mrs
Kenneth Fichner, the Adult Choir
directed by James II Bell and
Mrs. William Ensley, orEanist
The Westminster Fellowship for
both Jr. High and Sr. High viii
Evening TO go caroling.
THE METHODIST CHURCH
Arthur NJ. shenereit. Minister
1nufCn ScnOOt WIN 1AFol oanN
at 9:30. Kindergarten Nursery will
extend through the Morning Ser
vice.
Morning Worship at 1890 when
the Christmas Sermon topic viii be
I'm Him Is Light" The Junior and
Senior Choirs will sing the Anthem
Infant Holy" by Buckley. The
Senior Choir will sing Shepherds
Meath Judean skies" by Wiiaon
Miss Margaret Chance viii plav
the Violin Solo 20 Holy Night" by
Adam.
The organ selections wilt include
the following: prelude Pastoralea
by Yon; Noel by Dubois; and
Grand Chorus" by Guilmant
Church Decorations are being fur
nished by the Rudorah Glass.
The Church School will hold Il
Christmas Party in the Social Hall
at 7:3o.
The Tower Music" is being fur
nished again this year through
the courtesy of Nfr Wendell Far
rar and the Francis Radio Shop.
The Christmas Candle-Iight
Evening at II O'Clock The public
is cordially invited to attend.
On Thursday evening at $50 the
Holiday Family Dinner will be In
the nature or Covered Dish DIM
ner and PARTY
The Choir Party will follow at
the home of Judge r. G. Hornbeck.
FIRST BAPTr<T CHURCH
Rev. David ". Rnmsey PaStow
a:30 am. Sunday School Miss
Mabel Whitelow Supt
1l:00 am. Sermon by rosuor mu-
sic by Senior Choir.
$50 pm BTW The service for
young and Old
s pm Christmas night SUNDAY
School program and treat to all
children,
7:30 pm. Wednesday through Fri
dav Prayer Service.
Sunday Dec. 30 revival service.
CHURCH or CHRIST
PlumwOOd, Ohio
Rev. Cleo Call. pastor.
10000 am. sunday School, Mrs.
Ethel Tatman. Supt.
7.3o pm. Christmas Program
with Miss Virginia Fooce Young
Peoples president in charge.
Dec. 27, Rev. Huffman. mission
ary speaker
Dec 80 Young Peoples meeting.
Rev Arthur George speaker.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21
BY MRS. n. r. NELSON
Ph. S-65O2 G. e-23T5

Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer Stigman
and family of Lancaster, Calf,
will arrive this week to spend the
Holidays with Mrs. Stigman's pa
rents, Mr.. and Mrs. VI. E. Roberts.
Bill and Dick Mattinson, stu
dents at the University of Arizona
will arrive home this week to
spend their Christmas vacation
with their parents. Mr.. and Mrs.
Z. c. Mattinson.
Mrs. Frank Kimley entertained
the members Of the Green Leaf
Garden Club for their Christmas
party, in her home on Wednesday
evening. After the business
meeting Christmas Carols were
sung followed by gift exchange.
Members and guests present We're:
Mrs. Kermit Frische, Mrs. Archi
Hart, Mrs. Kenneth Hart, Mrs.
Charles Pream Miss Olive Pream,
Mrs. Paul Davidson, Marilyn
Davidson, Mrs. Don Swain, Miss
Norma Jean Lookabaugh, Mrs.
Edward Saunders, Mrs. Robert
Lookabaugh, Mrs. Oscar Taylor,
Mrs. John Hodge, Mrs. Alfred
Call, Mrs. Howard Crabill and the
hostess.
Announcement is being made
of the marriage of Mrs. Ruth De-
Garmo and Mr.. Leslie Oats, both
of South Charleston. The cere-
mony was performed November
18th in Richmond, Ind.
Roger A. Houston will spend
the Christmas holidays with his
daughter and family in Green
wood, Miss.
Homer Nelson, student at
valparaiso Technical School, Val
paraizo, Ind. will arrive home
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21
Production Cuts
In Civilian Items
Sharp During '52

WASHINGTON, --(AP)-Pro-
duction of civilian items such as
automobiles and refrigerators
which are made largely of critical
metals will be cut sharply in 1852
because of expanding military
output.
That was the emphatic warning
of the nations top mobilization
chiefs. Defense Mobilizer Charles
e. Wilson put it this way:
From now on, during 1852,
there will be many more guns
and much less butter"
Wilson told the National Press
Club that manufacturers of civil
liam goods will get only about
so per cent of their usual
amounts Of three critical metals
steel, copper and aluminum-in
the first quarter of next year.
And Manly Fleischman, Defense
Production Administrator and a
principal Wilson aide, disclosed
at the same time that "substan-
tial7 additional cutbacks in metal
quotas must be made in April,
May, and June.
Fleischman explained that milf
tary officials have made big
boosts in their demands for stra-
tegic metals in the second 1852
quarter.
The DPA head said he did not
look for much increase in un-
employment on national scale
because of the civilian cutbacks
but agreed there would pe more
iobless in some areas.
He cited Detroit and New Eng
land particularly There already
have been sharp protests from
members Of congress in both these
sectors about growing unemploy-
ment.
He declared production of new
jet planes exceeds by many,
many times" the number Of all
kinds of planes lost in Korea.
The Air Force has announced
that aircraft losses of the United
Nations Forces total nearly 900;
most of these were American.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21

ball games this year. And his
companions have been 4. O. Mar
tin and Thurman Gay, heads of
the Aggies' Former Students
Association.
Recently he received copy of
the alumni newspaper listing him
as among those whose wherea-
bouts is unknown.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21

Saturday to spend the holidays
with his family here.
Mrs. John Quinn Of Cincinnati
spent several days here last week
the guest of her brother, Roger
A. Houston.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21
----~->-~-r~~-~------~---~-=~
28 Win Rhodes
Scholarships

PRINCETON N. J.GtPD Thirty
two persons. representing %
states. today hold scholarships as
winners of this years Rhodes
competition.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21

WEST JEFFERSON AND ALTON
METHODIST
G.. W. Eiey. Pastor
West Jefferson
Sunday School $50
Worship Service. 10;45
Youth Fellowship, $50
Alton
Worship Service 9:45
Sunday School 10:45.
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21
sr. rATRlcl>.s cmunoll

Christmas Eve, December -
II t.S0--garoling By Junior Girls
Choir
11.85-pfocession 10 and Bless
s:oo-Midnight solemn High
Mass. Officers Uf tho Mass. The
ifev Father Paul + Bernier. Cello
hrant. the Rev. Eugene Sweeney.
laeaeons the Rev. Francis l.ehner,
sub Deacon.
other Masses Christmas morning
It T-S-g-and TO-
aRINITY EPISCOPAL CHURCH
The Reverend sanford Lindsey.
Fridas, Dec, 21-s am. Holy
Communion.
sunday Dec. 2s-- . am, Church
school
Monday, Dec. 2t--ass0 pm.
Christmas Eve Service.
ST. JOHNS EVANGELICAL
LUTHERAN CHURCH
Lawrence II. Rugh. Pastor
East second st Walnut
The 9TH Sunday ia Advent Dec.
'23, 1851,
s.So Church school. Lowell stap-
letcm, SuDt,
103O Morning worship. Recep-
tton Of members. Infant baptism.
$50 Congregation pot-luck
supper ~ honor Of the new mem
hera. Pastors Aid Society in
and welcome our new members
Monday. 1t:00 pm. Annual
Christmas Eve Candielight Ser
vice. Theme: His Reign On Earth
Begun"
Wednesday. pm. brotherhood.
continuing the study OF the Sermon
on the Mount Matthew 5;1S on.
Thursday, 1880 pm. Choir rehear-
Next SUNDAY. Dec 3oth. Holy
at $3.50 and 1890 am. and privat-
ely where desired.
ST. PAUL A. NJ. E. CHURCH
West Center StrceT
Rev. H. A.. Lilly Pastor
9;3o am. sunday school. Ernest
IsoWery, Supt
1l:00 am Morning worship Mus
ic by senior choir. Rev Robert Will
SON and Mildred Cunningham viii
Bec. "a. Christmas Eve III 500
PM Sunday school VIII present
their annual Christmas program
Everyone welcome. There will be a
treat ~ the children
7:30 pm Wednesday. prayer
meeting. Mildred Cunningham in
charge
Rev. Lilley and family left Mon
day morning for Arkansas.
CHURCH or CHRIST
IN CHRISTIAN UNION
~. n. Bennett. Pastor
y. IL. Wilson. y. =. Supt,
West Center street
Thursday Dee 20--at 7:S0 pm.
Christmas Program rehearsal.
Friday. Dec. 21-at 100 pm
Christmas cafoling.
Sunday Dec. 23--
$50 am. Annual Christmas treat
given sunday School Scholars.
1870 am. Morning worship.
$50 pm Presentation of ~
Christmas Truant" by the young
people and choir.
Public invited.
Wednesday 7:30 PM
Mid Week Prayer Service.
Regular monthly missionary of
ferinE 10 bc received.
NAZARENE CHURCH
203 80 Eth Walnut street
IgII Lipps. Pastor
$50 am. Sunday school,
1890 a ni. Worship service
pm Christmas Program
7.30 pm. We'd. Prayer and Praise
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21

WHEREABOUTS UNKNOWN
OKLAHOMA CITY-CP,-L. H.
Bengston, a staunch Oklahoma
A and NJ alumnus has been faith
fully attending Aggie home foot
Madison County Democrat. (London, Ohio) 19??-1958, 1951-12-21

THIS SPACE FOR TIE
CHURCHES
1 - =
10 SCUM oak .. Fnone 10
ISL South Main st.
r~,rr.rr ~~~ree sas~
y -
90
Evening star., 1951-07-05
Marine Reports First XIII
OF Red Plane al Night
By the Associated Press

A Marine pilot has claimed the
first nighttime "kill' Of a Red
plane in Korea, Marine headquar-
ters said yesterday. q
The pilot was Capt. Edwin B
Long, 20. of Costa Mesa. Calf.
The action occurred July !
northwest of Seoul, over U. N
territory. The presence OF the
enemy plane. an old black-painteo
biplane, was detected by the Amer
lean planes radar operator, War;
rant Officer Robert o. Bucking-
ham, Seattle, Wash.
When the enemy plane came
into view, Capt. Long made pass
at it, but because the antique oi-
plane was so slow, he overshot the
mark. A man in the rear cockpit
of the enemy plane fired a burst
from a hand-held "burp" gun
Capt. Long made two more passes
opening up with 20-millimeJer
cannon fire and knocking the Red
Plane down.
Marine headquarters said this
also was the first kill claimed for
an F7F Grumman "Tigercat'
plane. The twin-engined Tiger
cats were not built in time fol
participation in World War II.
Evening star., 1951-07-05
100000 Chinese Reds
Reported Poised for
Indo-China Offensive
BY the Associated Press

TAIPEH, July 5.-Nationalist
China's defense ministry today as
serted 100000 Chinese Communist
troops were assembled at the bor-
deI awaiting signal to invade
1ndo-China.
There was no way of determin-
ing whether this report was mere
ly propaganda timed to shatter
Western hopes of peace in the
Orient.
The defense ministry in recent
months has been more cautious in
making public assertions. Usually,
statements are released after be-
ing conveyed privately to United
States authorities.
The ministry's announcement
said the Communist troops were
massed along the borders of all
three southwest Chinese provinces
-Kwangtung, Kwangsi and Yum
nan.
The purpose, the ministry added,
was to help rebel leader, Ho Chi
Mimi of Indo-China. spread ag-
gressive war in Southeast Asia"
The Chinese Communists were
said to have built a four-lane truck
highway on the Chinese side of the
border that could be used for