davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-05-11

difficulties and declared that
resistance should be main
tanned. 1t came in answer to a
request from Gen. Macarthur
for instructions.
When the message came,
Gems. Collins and Vandenberg
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
were in Tokyo comforting with
Gen. Macarthur and the senior
members of his staff. Two views
developed in the discussion as
to what the Presidents message
meant. One. which was held
by Gen. Macarthur, was that
evacuation was not to be or
dered. This view was shared by
Gen. Vandenberg. But Gen.
Collins is reported to have ex-
pressed the opinion that the
President meant for U. N. forces
to hold on for a brief period
and then withdraw under enemy
pressure.
The message indicated that.
If U. N. troops were driven back
to the beachhead and did not
voluntarily withdraw, it would
serve a good political purpose,
the presumption being that
America could then make ef-
fective representation to the
U. N. members about the i'm
portance of carrying out SUBJ
sequent punitive measures in
other areas.
Gen. Macarthur, however, in
terpreted the message to mean
that there would be no evacu-
alton whatsoever, and he told
his colleagues that, unless in
structed otherwise, that would
be his course. At no time did
Gen. Macarthur advise evacua-
tion-in fact, he stated his
views against it and pointed out
that such a step might imperil
the security of Japan.
1t is, therefore, incorrect to
give the impression, as so many
newspaper dispatches did, that
Evening star., 1951-05-11

There is nothing more typi-
cal of this country than its re-
fusal to see a citizen done in.
It is quite obvious that Mac
Arthur isn't being given a fair
shake by the men in charge in
Washington. And it is even
more obvious that this coun-
try-and when I use the word
country" I mean farmers, me-
chanics. bankers, newspaper
men. baseball players and all
the others who go to make up
the United States-will see to
1t that no tiny group of tiny
men will do an injustice to a
fellow American.
It Is entirely possible that
Macarthur Is wrong. But he
won't be proved wrong by men
who are all out against him,
and who we all know would
stop at nothing to discredit him.
That's not the way this coun-
try works. gentlemen. It be-
lieveS in a fair toss.
distributed by McNaught Syndicate, Int
Evening star., 1951-05-11
Thon7os [. Stokes:
Point Four Program in Danger
Could Become Cover for Old Pattern Business Deals
If Shifted From Stote Department to ECA Rule

policy as laid down by the Sec
retary of State on behalf Of the
President and under general
mobilization policy laid down by
the Defense Mobilization Di-
rector. No such agency is being
created.
The board did make a series
of recommendations about
means to encourage private
investment abroad, including
tax incentives, bilateral tax and
commercial treaties. underwrit-
ing of transfer risk on foreign
dollar obligations, an affiliate of
the International Bank for
loans to private enterprise, and
an assistant administrator,
preferably a business man,
charged to encourage maximum
and most effective use of pri-
vate enterprise.
The Rockefeller group, itself,
in discussing Point -Four Pro-
gram objectives, argued elo-
quently for retaining it's self
help, democratic status, as fol-
lows:
'The United States was built
upon faith, more specifically.
upon faith in people. in their
ability to govern themselves,
and in their capacity to advance
their common interest through
their own labors. j.. +. In offering
to work in partnership with all
those who seek to forward this
freedom, there can be no
thought Of imposing our in
stitutions upon other people.
"The concept of freedom is
and always has been liberat-
ing one, revolutionary idea
that rejects the inevitability Of
poverty and injustice and de-
mands continuous improvement.
1t rejects the claim of any who
in the name of progress or
equality or even liberty i'm
pose their own dictatorship
upon people. We believe that
liberty thriveS best under genu-
inely democratic institutions.
Our concept of economic
development, it will be seen,
carries with it land and other
reforms where the people feel
them needed-a living wage,
fair and rising labor standards,
full participation in the bene-
fits accruing from increased
wealth or income, the removal
OF determinations based on
race, color. nationality, religious
belief, caste or sex. It also in.
cludes freedom of speech. free
Evening star., 1951-05-11
F7eeSOT1
Areas of Agreement Broaden
Macarthur Hearings Show Dsunity in Washington
Lies in Personalities Rother Than Principles

After refusing for a long time
to touch him with a 10-foot
pole, the Pentagon is now send
ing a mission of 600 men to help
Chang build up his forces. This
is, of course, a part of the
tougher attitude on Formosa for
which the Chinese Reds have
only themselves to blame.
The embargoes against Red
China, so insistently demanded
by administration critics pub
licly and pressed privately by
the State Department, are COM
ing along now as previously
noted.
All this may not satisfy ex-
tremists or those who hope to
make political capital of the
situation, but it is making a very
favorable impression on thought
full people in both parties who
have been greatly alarmed by
the country's apparent cleavage
at this critical time.
They would like to see a great
deal more effort to harmonic
the differing points of view, and
here the burden admittedly
rests the heavier on the Presi-
dent who is in power. Whether
he can be induced to perform
some creative miracles in this
area is doubtful. One able
Senator insists that there are
two martyrs the whole picture
could now do without: Gen. Mac
Arthur and Secretary of State
Acheson. He's not optimistic
about that, though.
Evening star., 1951-05-11
Doris fieeson:

A full week of the Macarthur
hearings discloses to what a
very large extent the dis
unity in Washington is a matter
of personalities rather than of
principles.
The deposed general is bitter.
President Truman is stubborn
often to the point of pettiness,
and the extreme partiSans will
continue to make a great deal
of noise. But the areas of agree
ment on policy are proving to
be large and are being steadily
broadened.
That they are being broadened
Is in part due to the debate
which has not only forced the
administration to give ground
but has just propelled Great
Britain into a stoppage of rub
ber imports to Red China. This
is something the State Depart
ment privately warned the Brit
ish about but could not accom-
piish before the hearings began.
Obviously, the steam generated
there convinced the Labor gov
ernment that it must give
ground to a Truman admini-
stration that is fighting to keep
Europe's defense as the first
priority of the Western world.
A major cause of United
States disaffection about the
Korean situation has been the
fact that the U. N. nations which
Joined In the original action
have been dragging their feet.
If they can be spurred into &C
Evening star., 1951-05-11

A group Of senior British
army, navy and air force Off
GERS arrived in Washington this
week. They are meeting now
with their American opposite
numbers in the Pentagon.
The secrecy which surrounds
the presence of these officers in
the Capital indicates that this
is not mere routine consulta-
tion. The reason for the un-
scheduled meetings Is said to be
the feeling of British general
staff planners that the Soviet
may have advanced its "time-
table for aggression"
This timetable has been ar
rived at by the military evalua-
tors of the Allied general stats.
They arbitrarily estimated that
the Soviet aggression would oc-
cur in 1858. All our plans to
meet such an aggression success
fully were based on that esti-
mate. Recent developments may
compel a revision of past esti-
mates.
Railway traffic in the Balk-
ans has been drastically cur
tailed to permit troop move
mentS, which include a num-
ber Of Soviet units. The Red
armies, which include Czech,
Polish and Eastern German
troops under the command of
Marshal Rokossovsky. have
been engaged IN extensive war
games in the Stettin area. This
may indicate drive by the
Reds toward the German ports
on the North Sea.
While the Russians have been
moving troops back and forth
threateningly for the last three
years, there are other consid-
erations Of a political nature.
which may influence the Rus
slams to move forward their ag-
gressive plans.
Political conditions in the At
lantic pact nations are confused.
France and Britain are on the
eve of new elections. The French
people will go to the polls June
II. In Britain the Labor gov
ernment is SO weak that Parlia-
ment may have to be dissolved
this year.
Evening star., 1951-05-11
Dovid Lawrence:

Ten days to two weeks elapsed
between the receipt by Gen.
Macarthur Of two important
messages from Washington
one dated January IL and the
other January 13--and this ac-
counts in part for the mislead-
ing nature of some of the head
lines in the last "a hours as
well as some of the testimony
just given at the Senate hear
ings.
The January IL message came
to Gen. Macarthur at Tokyo
by mail. It outlined the four
recommendations of the United
States Joint Chiefs of Staff that
were made public last week.
Contrary to the erroneous i'm
preston given in many news
dispatches and in part by Sec
retary Marshall himself. the four
recommendations were not based
altogether on the assumption
\ that our forces in Korea would
be evacuated. The recommen-
Pdations stated that a naval
blockade was to be imposed "as
soon as our position in Korea
was stabilized or when we have
evacuated Korea" The other
three recommendations used the
language prepare now" and
remove now" and referred not
only to the use of Nationalist
troops but to the removal Of
restrictions against air recon-
Bnaissanee of China coastal areas
and Manchuria.
l When Gen. Macarthur got
that message of January IL late
in January. he had already ex-
changed on January 13 mes
sages with President Truman
concerning the all-important
problem Of evacuation. The
U. N. troops were hard pressed.
The President specifically said
his message was not a "direc-
tive" but was sent for informa-
ton purposes. 1t outlined the
Evening star., 1951-05-11

dom from want, the right of
trial by jury, the right to vote,
the right to self-organization,
the right to work, the right to
strike. It also includes train
ing in democracy to enable all
of the people to take an active
part in public affairs"
In this there is no single word
Of encouragement to old-time
business imperialism with its
exploitation by lesser-favored
people for private profit. and we
should be sure that our Point
Four Prorgam comes under no
influences that will belle these
splendid objectives laid down by
the Rockefeller Committee.
Evening star., 1951-05-11
Thomas L. Stokes:

The so-called Point Four
Program" originated by Presi.
dent Truman in his inaugural
address is, as we know, designed
to provide technical assistance
and know-how to underdevel-
oped nations to moderniZe
agricultural methods, promote
industrialization, improve health
and education and the like.
1t is. inherently, a elf-help
program. aimed at helping such
nations to help themselves. It is
thus in the best traditions of
democracy and in sharp contrast
with outside imperialism and
exploitation which too long has
been the practice and the cause
Of much of the worlds present
distress. Already, with very
meager appropriations, a fine
beginning has been made under
the program, now directed by
DR.. Henry G. Bennett, former
president of Oklahoma Agricul-
tural and Mechanical College.
Now, however, it is feared that
the democratic. self-help con-
cept might be changed If success
comes to an attempt now being
made to transfer the program
from the State Department to
the ECA, which supervises the
Marshall Plan. A decision is
imminent on this proposed shift.
This is represented as more
than controversy over juris-
diction by those familiar with
the objectives of the Point Four
Program. In it they see a dan
ger that the program might be-
come a cover for business oper-
ationS on the old pattern by
powerful interests because of
their natural influence within
ECA, which deals essentially
with business and industrial
matters.
Inspiration for transfer of
the Point Four Program seems
to have come from the report
a few weeks ago of the Inter-
national Development Advisory
Board appointed by President
Truman, headed by Nelson A..
Rockefeller, though such a con-
clusion does not appear neces-
sarily to follow.
What that board recommend
ed to the President was crea-
tion Of one overall agency, un-
der a single administrator, in
which all foreign economic ac-
tivities would be centralized,
but specifying that it should
operate under overall foreign
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
Jamaica Jealous
Of britain-Cuba
Trade Talks

KINGSTON = (ANP) = The
House of Representatives rang with
indignation Wednesday as Jamai-
can legislators without regard to
party assailed the trade negotia-
tons being carried on between
England and Cuba.
The Jamaicans insist that what
ever trade preference England has
to offer must be extended to Eng
lish colonies. They pointed to the
fact that back in 1916 Britain
bought 24,OO0,OOO cigars from
Jamaica. Today they buy eight mil
lion. If Cuba is allowed in the
British market there will be a
greater fall.
Jamaica has been encouraged to
go to pineapple growing. If Cuba
gets a chance to sell England pine
apples, Jamaica's planting lands
might as we'll be given up they say,
though, they were unwilling to adj
nit that Cuban's tobacco, pineapple
and citrus fruits might be better
than those grown in Jamaica.
William A. Bustamante, the par
ty leader, Norman Marley, h e
PNP ahead stood shoulder to Shout
der in opposing Britain's flirting
with Cuba.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26

tional duty as Trial Judge Advo-
cate Of the post. His promotion to
Captain became effective December
80, 1850. With more than nine years
prior service Captain Johnson
comes to his new assignment fully
qualified.
He is authorized by the Depart
ment of the Army to wear the Am
erican Defense, The World War
Two Victory, and Pacific Occupa-
ton medals. Captain Johnson is a
native of Hattiesburg, Mississippi,
and attended Straight Sollege, New
Orleans, and Tougaloo College,
Tougaloo, Mississippi, graduating
with an A. B. Degree in 1889. He
also holds an LIB Degree from the
American Extension School of Law,
Chicago, Ill. Captain Johnson is
married to the former Miss Eliza
beth Clayton of New Orleans, who
is now teaching in the public school
system of Petersburg, Va. She is
a graduate of billiard College. They
have one child, Lois Mae Thomas
and are making their home in
Petersburg.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
County,.

Continued from Page One)
maintained, 38 of those counties
have voted together so consistently
that politicians have named them
"The Black Bloc"
The 67 year old farmer seeks
500 actual damage and $4,000
punitive damage for the alleged
devaluation of his vote through use
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
0koIona -.
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
Class Night at the same hour on
Tuesday, and the annual play We'd
nesday night.
The commencement exercise will
be held at 8 p. m. Thursday night
with the address being delivered by
Prof. A. l.. Johnson, Dean, Prentiss
Institute, Prentiss, Mississippi.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26

Captain Jesse J. Johnson, ONO,
formerly of the plans and training
office, The Quartermaster Replace
Iment Training Center, Fort Lee,
Virginia, has been assigned and
has reported to Virginia State Col
Ilege Detachment IL, 2304-3, Peters
burg, Va. His duty will be with
the Department of Military Science
and Tactics as Training Officer
and Assistant Professor of Mill
tary Science and Tactics, accord
ing to an announcement from the
office of Major Robert M. Hen
drick, Jr., ONO, PMS&T. Captain
Johnson will take over the duties
of Captain Lawrence N. Jones,
ONO, Associate PMS&T, who is
slated for an overseas assignment.
Captain Johnson's assignment to
the ROTC unit became effective
April Is.
Captain Johnson entered the SER
vice in 1912 and received his basis
at Fort Lee, Virginia.
After six months enlisted service
and attendance at the ON Officers
Candidate School he was commits
stoned a second lieutenant in April
1943. After short tour of duty at
Camp Polk, Louisiana, he was as
signed to the 92nd Infantry Divi-
sion. In August 1915 he was sent
Overseas with a Quartermaster unit
and served in the Philippines and
Korea where he received his pro-
Imotion to first lieutenant. In Nov
Iember 1947 he returned to the
States and served at Fort Camp
bell, Kentucky, until August 1850
when he was transferred to Fort
Lee, Va, for duty with the S-3
section of the QMRTC, with addi-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
DR.. bunche To
Speak AT NAAcP
Convention

NEW YORK - DR.. Ralph
Bunche, director of the United Ma
tions Trusteeship Division and 1850
Noble Peace Prize winner, will adj
dress the closing mass meeting the
And annual convention of the Ma
tional Association for the Advance
ment of Colored People, to be held
in Atlanta's Herndon Stadium on
Sunday July l, it was announced
recently by NAACP Executive Sec
rotary Walter White.
DR.. Bunche attracted huge
crowds to the world-famous Holly
wood Bowl in 1949, when he re-
ceived the Spingarm Medal for
outstanding achievement of a
Negro American at the 10th an
nual convention of the NAACP. He
has since been elected a member
of the Association national board
of directors, and was honored at a
dinner given by the NAACP Legal
Defense and Education Fund, Inc.
New York City's Hotel Commodore
in January 1851.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26

much to gain from following this
wise course suggested by Mr.. Tru-
man and Justic Douglas.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
India Needs This
Assistance

The National Council of the
Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.-
representing virtually all the ma
jor Protestant denominations-ap-
proved last week, President Tru-
mans plan to offer technical assist
ance to undeveloped areas of the
world.
The General Board of the new
ly organized Council announced
that humanitarian aims should be
kept foremost "even in the midst
of our concern for national defense
and protection of the free world
from aggression"
That is in line with the reason
ing of Supreme Court Justice Will
liam o. Douglass, speaking at a
dinner of the United Jewish APP
peal in New York City, when he
calls upon the United States to
throw its weight and influence "be-
hind the fight of Asiatic peoples
for social justice" to keep the
Communists from overwhelming all
of Asia"
Right now India is greatly in
need of the kind of assistance urg-
ed by President Truman and en-
dorsed by the Board of the Nation
al Council of Churches. Repeatedly,
they have expressed their need for
such assistance and we urged it as
a means of maintaining the conf
dence and loyalty of the Indians.
If only for selfish reasons, we have
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
Annual Christian
Continued from Pace Onal

Continued from Page One)
standing church workers in Jack
son and the State of Mississippi
can trace much of their success to
the teaching received at this Con-
ference.
Each pastor in Jackson and the
State of Mississippi will be MAX
ing a wonderful contribution to his
church by sending representatives
from the Women's and Youth or
CARNATIONS.
Such courses as Church School
methods, Stewardship and a special
course for Youth will be offered
on how to use the Bible.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26

ambitious program by our two
companies which have joined to in
vest their assets for the purpose
of raising the standing of living
for Negroes" they said.
"Our companies expect to make
more investments Of this kind in
the future" While in Atlanta a
few weeks ago, DR.. j. E. Walker,
president of Universal Life Insur-
ance Co., conferred with E. M.
Martin and w. H. Smith together
with Norris H. Herndon, president
of Atlanta Life Insurance Co., and
explained to Herndon the advan-
tages of making investments in
Negro housing property in Mem
phis by purchase of FHA-guaran-
teed mortgages.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26

gave her the choice of ending her
friendship with the Negro student
or leaving the sorority house.
She also said a few weeks ago
fiery cross was burned beneath
her window on the sorority lawn
The girl said, however, that she
did not move out voluntarily, but
she said, "an Oregon sorority has
just paid homage to one of the
strangest satons of our society
prejudice" She is now living in
Hendricks Hall, a university oper-
ated dormitory.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26

ment of S550,000 In Negro capital
in local project. Situated on High
way 81 about a mile south of Belle
vue and South Parkway, it contains
800 houses of four rooms and bath,
most of which are now completed
and occupied.
Start OF Program
The S250,000 contract was signed
recently by representative of the
Atlanta Life Insurance Company
who came here from Atlanta, and
Andrew j. Florida, Vice-president
and secretary of the Continental
Mortgage Company of Oceola,
Ark, which promoted the subdivi-
sion.
Lieut.. Geo. w. Lee, local repre-
sentative of the Atlanta Life In
surance Company issued a joint
statement.
"This is the beginning of an
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
Sorority Gusts Girl Who Was Friendly
With Negro Architecture Student

EUGENE, Ore, May 22.-The
Sauna Phi Beta Sorority House of
the University of Oregon has
ousted a soror because of her
friendship with a Negro architec-
ture student, the Oregon Emerald,
University newspaper, revealed
last week in an editorial condemn
ing the action.
The 17-year-old coed, who spent
last weekend at the home of the
boys parents n Portland, said that
"they were just good friends"
She said that after she had
dated the architecture student the
sorority chapter officers and men,
bers of the Almmnae Association
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26
Atlanta Life
Invests S25o,000
In Negro Housing
For Menlrhians

The Atlanta Life Insurance Co.,
$20,000,000 Negro institution
founded by former slave, recently
stepped into the Memphis housing
picture by purchasing $250,000 in
first mortgages on Negro homes in
the New Elliston Heights subdivi-
sion.
With 100000 in first mortgages
purchased recently by the Univer-
sal Life Insurance Co., of Mem
phis, this represents a total invest
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1951-05-26

of the county Unit System of count
ing ballots.
Named as defendants are State
Democratic Party Chairman James
Peters and former Party Secretary
Mrs. Irish Bitch. They also were
named as defendants last week in
a similar suit filed by Dodge Coun-
ty Editor Edwin Methvin.
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Seeds Of Controversy
ROTANISTS PROVE BOTH
RIGHT AND WRONG ABOUT
LOTUSES
By Harold ]. FlccknOc

reported to an American
palcontologist who was visit
ing Japan, DR.. Ralph w.
CLANCY of the University of
California. He brought the
seeds to Washington and pre-
sented them to National
Capital Parks.
The Japanese scientists told
DR.. CLANCY they based their
belief in the antiquity of the
seeds primarily on the discov-
cry site. Years ago, they said.
there was a lake where the
seeds were found. Now there
is a valley, the sides of which
we're cut 40 feet deep by a
stream. They discovered the
seeds on the sides of the val
ley, under a layer of peat
more than 4 foot thick and
3 to 4 feet of dust.
This wasn't conclusive evi-
dence for Horace " Wester.
plant pathologist of National
Capital Parks Maintenance
Division. although his own
observations of the seeds led
him to believe they were quite
old.
The seeds" he says. "are
slightly smaller than those of
the present-day East Indian
lotus, which is probably what
they are. Also. they are more
slender and more bullet
shaped. This is evidence that
Continued on Page -