davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-03-26
Defense Department
Still Drafting Request
For Additional Funds
By Elton e, Foy
Press Military Affairs Reporter

As.eeiatsd Press Military Affairs Reporter
The Defense Department is
still trying to estimate exactly
how much more than $41.7s1 ,000.-
900 it will need this fiscal year.
It's formal request to Congress
for a third supply of funds or
authority to spend in the year
ending June 80 probably won't
be ready before next month, Off
Gals said today.
When President Truman an
nounced on December is the plan
to build the armed forces up to
q 3.5 million-man goal, guesses
were that this would require an
other $40 billion.
The regular appropriation bill
with which the Defense Depart
ment started the fiscal year was
approved by Congress shortly be-
fore the Communist invasion of
South Korea compelled a quick
and huge upward revision of mill
tary spending. The regular bill
provided $13.272,0 100000.
BY September the first supple
mental bill added another SILL
724, 100000 to meet the require
ments of the Korean war. A Sec
ond supplemental bill, providing
another $16,794, 100000. was
adopted early in January. Pre-
pared before Mr.. Truman made
his mid-December decision to en-
large the mobilization effort again.
it did not contain enough funds
to 60 forward with the newly re-
vised program.
OF the total SAL .7sl 900 900 pro-
vided to date, $16.4ll. 100000 is
for the Army. $10.749.000.0o0 for
the Navy, $l3,946. 100000 for the
Air Force and 1884 billion for the
Defense Departments own pro-
gram. including research and de-
velopment, administration. indus
trial mobilization work and similar
projects.
Defense Department fiscal Off
cials say the three armed forces
are keeping within their individual
fund limits. except possibly in
some Subsistence" spending. Un-
der law, they are allowed to incur
deficiencies for food, clothing and
similar items.
Evening star., 1951-03-26

Tune HENRY TAYLOR, ABc Network every Monday evening
Evening star., 1951-03-26
.KnowIand Sees Peril
OF New Attack if Reds
Are Stymied in Korea
By J. A. O'Leory

Senator Knowland, Republican
of California, warned today that
the Red Chinese may soon attack
somewhere else in the Far East il
they find themselves stymied in
Korea.
. He said the most likely spots
would be Indo-C China, where some
fighting already is going on, or
Formosa. He thought Indo-China
the more probable choice because
1t would afford the Chinese Com
munists an easier approach than
the water passage between the
Chinese coast and FormoSa.
Il would not be surprised If they
worked out cease-flre Gin Ko-
real" said the Californian, ''but.
knowing the Oriental philosophy
of saving face, I would not expect
that to bring peace throughout
Asia"
He said he would be surprised
If a truce in Korea lasted more
than 80 or so days before the
Communists would make move
somewhere else.
Criticize Administration.
Senators Knowland and Cain,
Republican, of Washington, both
criticized the administration for
its weekend statement disso-
ciating itself from the declaration
of Gen. Macarthur that if the
U. N. forces wanted to extend
their military operations to in
clude attacks on the Chinese
mainland they could destroy Red
China. Washington officials did
not express outright disapproval,
they adopted a hands-off position
and pointed out the Macarthur
statement was not cleared here.
Senator KnoWland called it "a
part of the hamstringing OF the
military commanders in Korea
that has been going on for some
time"
Senator Cain said he resented
"the lack of frankness on the
part of the State Department" as
to just what policy the admins
tration has, or wants followed in
Korea.
IF they do have a policy, they
have not told the people or Con-
eress or Gen. Macarthur" said
Senator Cain.
Assurances to Red China Hit.
Senator Knowland said no one
wants to see the Korean war
spread land everyone would be
highly pleased if the Red Chinese
would cease being aggressors and
get out of Korea. They have a
chance to do that now"
At the same time, Senator
Knowland complained that the
Chinese Reds constantly have been
assured by Washington diplomats
that they would not be in danger
of an attack on the Chinese main
land or on their bases in Man
churia above the Yalu River. He
construed the State Department
comment Saturday on the MacAr-
thur statement as another such
assurance
Senator Knowland agreed with
experts who hold that the 3Sth
Parallel is not a feasible line or
which to halt, either from 9
military or political standpoint
Whether there should be truce
at some natural defense line far
ther north would be for the mill
tary commanders to decide. he
said. He added that it would de-
pend on whether those in COM
mand felt it was to be a real truce
or merely an effort by the retreat
ing Reds to get their breath.
Evening star., 1951-03-26

Soviet military ngureS incomplete
and misleading, and says that di-
rect comparisons with the United
States budget are absolutely
meaningless"
Under the Soviet system OF
public bookkeeping, 1t said, out
lays for aircraft, tank and atomic
plants are carried under q vague
heading "for the national econ
omy."
These additional points were
made:
/. Pensions for veterans are car
ried under social security rather
than as a military item.
2. Camps and other military in
stallstions are built largely by
unpaid slave laborers-of whom
there are approximately Is mil
lion.
8. Rubles spent on military
items go much farther. as the
state does not impose the Soviet
turnover tax which amounts to
as much as so per cent on some
civilian goods.
4. The Red army soldier gets
$3.50 a month. compared with
Evening star., 1951-03-26

the Yalu river-North Korea's
boundary with Manchuria.
He said 100000 trained South
Korean soldiers, with Allied sup
plies and arms. could defend the
country once that goal was
reached.
Evening star., 1951-03-26

door mass. celebrated at an altar
erected in front Of the main door
OF the basilica, had ended. Over
head the skies were heavily over
cast. Rain. which fell most of the
morning, stopped slightly more
than an hour before the pontiff's
appearance.
More than 5000 pilgrims and
tourists, including some from the
United States. were among the
vast throng in st. Peters Square
for the traditional Easter bless
ing.
Pope Plus opened his 15-minute
discourse with a reference to
throngs which had gathered In
st. Peters Square during the 1850
Holy Year. Dwelling on the sig
nif1cance Of the day. the pontiff
appealed for universal brother.
hood.
Evening star., 1951-03-26

the $75 and up paid an Amer
|ican soldier. Uniforms, housing
and pensions are in proportion
5. Steel plants, canals and
Evening star., 1951-03-26
Soviet Masks Military Spending By Statistical Trick u Says

power stations are listed as "in-
vestments in industry" or 10
national development" regard
less of their military value.
Evening star., 1951-03-26

r. ]. Cochrane's SOW gave birth
to 81 piglets, all living, at Cooley
Northern Ireland.
Evening star., 1951-08-19
lBethesdo-Lower Montgomery County
Informal Dance Is Given;
|Other Suburban Activities

Louisville, where they stopped en-
route to Fort Sill. and another
stay with Capt. Thayer's grand
parents. Col. and Mrs. E. j. Reh-
man, in San Antonio. Tex, where
they were honor guests at fam
lily reunion.
/ The young Thayer children, Ann
and Jane Martin. were the fourth
generation of Capt. Thayer's fam
lily to be present at the reunion.
I Mrs. Thayer and the children
had been with her parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Martin, since January
and Capt. Thayer joiI ed her here
two weeks ago.
Off on a short weekend vaca-
ton are Mr.. and Mrs. w. K. An
drews, who are down on the bay
on a three-day trip on then
cruiser-and, as usual, they have
"a number of guests with them
They hope to continue these week
end trips as long as the weather
permits.
In November, Mrs. Andrews anc
her mother will sail for Por1
Elizabeth, South Africa, where
Mrs. Andrews -in-law anC
daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. P. C
WiSeman, have been living fo
the past several years. Mrs. An
drews expects to be in South
Africa for several months.
/ Others on short vacation trip
are, Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Dam,
who are at Dewey Beach, anC
Evening star., 1951-08-19
By LiIIion Arthur

On Bethesda's social calendar
DR.. Agnes B. Greig's small and
informal dance, a typical young
peoples party, Friday evening at
her home in Somerset.
The guest Of honor was DR..
Greig's older daughter. Miss Bar
bara Greig, just home last week
for her summer holiday from the
Alexander Volinine School of the
Ballet in Paris.
DR.. Greig's younger daughter,
Miss jeanne Greig, assisted her
mother during the evening and the
guests were 20 OF more friends of
the two girls, a few from Bethesda.
the others from Washington. Miss
Greig will be with her mother and
sister only a few weeks; in Sep
tember she will be back in Paris
for another year of work at the
same school.
Wednesday, there was Mrs. Ar
thur Sanders luncheon for Mrs
C. H. Dunn of New Iberia, La,
who is here for short visit with
friends in Washington. To meet
Mrs. Dunn, Mrs. Sanders invited
to the luncheon, Mrs. Hugh B.
Johnston, Mrs. William Bowers,
Mrs. Frank Whitehouse, Mrs.
James Shepard, Mrs. James P
Lynch of Falls Church, and her
mother. Mrs. May Walsh.
Down in Blowing Rock, N. c.,
this week end there is a house
party at the summer home of Col.
and Mrs. T. r. Snyder, popular
Edgemoor residents. who went
there in June and will stay
through the early fall months
Guests at the house party are
Mrs. Arlington Comstock, Mrs. T.
Emmert Beall, Mrs. Eugene
Moore, Mrs. T. Delos Paxman,
Mrs. Harry Bridgman and Mrs,
Alvin Hitchcock.
On next weeks party schedule
will be Mrs. Paul Martins lunch
con Wednesday for Miss Kathryn
McDermott, one Of Mrs. Martins
longtime friends from Louisville,
KY. Miss McDermott is the guest
of her brother-in-law and sister,
Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond G. Clark
of Chevy Chase.
Mrs. Martin has been telling her
friends this week of a letter re-
Iceived from her son-in-law, Capt,
Raymond Thayer, and Mrs. Thay-
er, who arrived this week in Fort
Sill, Okla, where Capt. Thayer
has been sent for further duty.
He has been back from Japan
only a fortnight and he expects
to be in Fort Sill for at least II
months.
The letter also tells of visit
with Mrs. Thayer's grandmother,
Mrs. William H. Hammond, in
Evening star., 1951-08-19
Miss Donald Weds John c. Kuhn, L.

Miss Kathleen Marie Donald,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. John
William Donald of this city. yes
terday became the bride of Mr..
John Clifford Kuhn, jr., son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Kuhn of Highland
Park, N. j. The ceremony was held
in st. Anthony's Catholic Church
with the Rev. Raymond G. Decker
officiating.
Given in marriage by her father,
the bride wore gown of satin
and lace and an illusion veil
draped from a pearl trimmed sat-
in tiara. She carried white Or
child with streamerS and a white
prayer book.
After the reception at the Ad-
miral Club, the couple left for a
wedding trip to New York City
and the Adirondack Mountains
Upon their return they will be at
home in East Orange, N. j.
Evening star., 1951-08-19

vacationing there. too, are DR.. and
Mrs. Albert S. Bright. Mr.. and
Mrs. Calvin Milans will leave for
Dewey Beach on the 10Th.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. r. Sidebottom
went out to Detroit Thursday to
see the National Air Races.
Mrs. M. o. Robinson of York,
Evening star., 1951-08-19
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. c. D
SUNDAY, AUGUST 49, 1881

Pa, is in Somerset for a Today
visit with Mr.. and Mrs. T. M
Cremins and during her stay here
she is being entertained at q
number of parties. Wednesday
Evening star., 1951-08-19
Europe Bound

Mr.. George D'Angelo of Catholic
University has left for a months
stay in Paris and a month in
Rome. He sailed on the Isle de
France.
Evening star., 1951-08-19

she was a guest Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Belton DIVERS at a dinner party
and after the dinner. Mr.. and
Mrs. DIVERS took their guests to
see the play at Olney Theater.
Evening star., 1951-08-19

MISS NIX
Mr.. and Mrs. Conrad A. Nix OF
Takoma Park have announced the
engagement of their daughter
Margaret Elaine, to Mr.. Paul Car
roll Stack, son of Mr.. and Mrs
Carroll F. Stack of Washington.
The announcement was made
last evening at a cocktail party
at the home of the bride-elect
She is graduate of the Academy
of the Holy Cross of Dunbartor
College. No date has been set fol
the wedding.
Evening star., 1951-08-19

...0 24-jeWel tinepiece
masterpiece :. created by per-
fectionists for perfectionists!
Here, in strikingly handsome 14-karat
case is the watch of watches with
the superior smoothness and long
wear that only additional and func-
tional jewels could afford. Worn s hours
a day, this PERPETUAL will run for
ever, and the new "Super-Oyster' Case
is permanently waterproof and foolproof
Each Rolex LIMITED "24" has OBJ
tanned an Official Timing Certificate
from Swiss Government Testing Station,
as evidenced by the famous ROLEX
RED SEAL attached to each watch.
Federal tar included DOOU
Evening star., 1951-01-28

Spain's worst drawback is
poor railroad and road system.
Both would have to be COM
pletely overhauled before mod
ern army could move over them.
Last month the government
announced a five-year program
to renovate trunk highways. 1t
hopes for American dollar loans
to make over the railroad sys-
tenn.
Industry Lags
The nations industry has
been all but at a standstill the
past three years, because the
longest drought known here
nearly emptied the reservoirs
and exhausted the electricity
reserves. Because of lack of
dollars. industry has faced a
continuous shortage of raw ma
terials.
The country never has had
enough grain to feed it's popu-
lation or livestock. It is also
deficient in meat and sugar. A
helping hand would be neces-
sary to put all those difficulties
right before the country could
become a positive asset in West
ern defense. But Spain's geo.
graphical position alone makes
her important to Allied grand
strategy.
Bombers and fighters based
on the Iberian peninsula would
control the Western Mediter-
Evening star., 1951-01-28

The Polish and Czech armies are
far and away the strongest among
the satellites, but they are riddled
with disaffection. The new Hun
garian army of eight divisions will
not be up to strength before mid
summer and is only now beginning
to be fitted out with modern
equipment. One thing is perfect
ly clear, and with no wishful
thinking: In the event of a gen.
eral conflict the East European
satellites would prove, to put it
mildly. highly unreliable to Rus
sia and would hold down Soviet
manpoWer. for the protection of
long and vulnerable lines of COM
munication, to an incalculable de-
gree, if they did not break out
into actual civil war.
1t is not my intention to sug-
gest that the Soviet Army is not
a most formidable menace. It is.
And it will require all our strength
and resolution, as we'll as consid-
cradle sacrifice, to counter it.
But the revelations" of ALMOST
unlimited superiority in numbers,
which look so frightening when
dramatized in broad terms turn
out, on examination, to be,
though impressive, not really
frightening. Even allowing the
figure of $50 fully equipped and
battle-worthy Soviet divisions,
which 1 consider highly exag-
gerated, our task would not be
desperate.
If Moscow wanted to throw this
great force into simultaneous
movement it could do so, owing to
the inadequacy and vulnerability
of Soviet communications and the
shortcomings of the Soviet supply
system, only in the form of crude,
bulldozing rush, which could easily
be countered by numerically in
ferior forces under skilled and res
olute leadership. If, on the other
hand, Moscow decided to fight a
subtly conceived and swiftly mo-
bile war, an affair Of spearheads,
then great part of its available
forces would not be effectively de-
ployed. Not even the Kremlin can
have it both ways.
In this article I have accepted,
for the sake of argument, the
basic proposition that the Kremlin
is in fact planning an aggressive
war, fought by Soviet troops. I
have no doubt at all that such
plans. in fact, exist, and that some
of the reports we have had are
based on glimpses of them. But
to have a military plan does not
necessarily imply either the ability
or the intention to put it into
effect.
(Copyright, London Observer Foreign
News eervios.)
Evening star., 1951-01-28

striking power as a whole. but the
striking power in each individual
theater. For with four major
fronts simultaneously committed
up to the hilt and separated from
one another by thousands of miles
traversed by inferior communica-
tions, there could be no question
OF switching divisions rapidly from
one front to another. 1t is easy
to talk about the advantages of
internal lines. Germany had them.
But try switching a division from
the Manchurian frontier to Stras-
bourg, or from Teheran to the
Bering Straits.
Study of Figures
The Soviet division has about
10000 men and is little more
than half the size of the British
division. Thus $50 Soviet divi-
sions are the numerical equivalent
of 125 British divisions, which is
a great deal, but not as much as
the first figure suggests. On the
other hand, it seems to be an
established rule of the Soviet
general staff that no attack should
be made without very great nu-
merical superiority-ideally six to
one, never less than four to one
According to this calculation, an
Allied force of so divisions, Brit
ish strength, should be more than
enough to deter aggression and
this thought makes the Soviet
display of might (even accepting
Gen. Masts estimate of what is
possible, which I do not) a little
less unreasonable. (American di-
vision strength is about the same
as British-approximately $4,000
men,
Gen. Mast, however. demands an
Allied force Of 100 divisions, pre-
sumably full strength. to contain
a Russian force of numerical
parity, which seems extravagant
and unnecessary. The Atlantic
powers are now planning for 60
divisions, which in case of the sort
of attack envisaged by Gen. Mast,
would be reinforced by the no
means negligible armies of other
victim" countries. notably Swe-
den. Yugoslavia and Greece. Gen.
Mast does not see Russia attack
ing Turkey or Spain, but other
commentators do.
Then there is the question of the
satellite armies. These are not
mentioned by Gen. Mast, accord
| ing to the reports have seen, out
other commentators make much
of them. In fact, their present
position is obscure. The armies
of Bulgaria and Romania are at
present negligible. Albania is
completely cut of by Yugoslavia.
Evening star., 1951-01-28

MADRID.-Spain's strategic
geographical position-betWeen
the Atlantic and the Mediter-
ranean and sheltered behind
the Pyrenees Mountain barrier
is her prime military asset.
Franco has said and repeated
that he has a million men to
fight communism when his
netherlands borders are en-
dangered.
The nation also has important
mineral resources, such as mer-
curry and wolfram, Of which
the Western war machine is in
short supply.
These important trumps are
offset, however, by rickety
transportation network and
creaking economic system which
desperately needs dollars, raw
materials and electricity and is
largely deficient in agriculture.
Troops Poorly Armed
Spain's troops are sketchily
armed and almost completely
ignorant of modern tactics and
weapons. They are tough and
courageous and make fine
soldiers when properly trained,
however. Franco has made no
public statement that he would
be willing to send them into
battle before Spain's frontiers
were attacked. Whether he
would permit any part of them
to be integrated into Gen.
EisenhoWer's European defense
forces in exchange for American
Evening star., 1951-01-28

ranean up to Italy and the At
lantic from Britain to Dakar
and as far west as the Azores.
Her closeness to Africa, just
across the Straits of Gibraltar,
would considerably simplify the
supply problem.
Natural obstacles have less
military value in these days of
air-transported troops. but with
peaks rising well over 10000
feet in the Pyrenees Mountains,
Spain enjoys rugged bulwark
on her northern frontier. If
Spain were prepared in advance
to receive it, an Allied army
could hold out long time be-
hind this bulwark."
The Allies are anxious to
bring Portugal into the defense
setup. To do so, however, they
must almost certainly include
Spain.
The Portuguese themselves
are insisting that Spain be
brought into the Atlantic pact.
They argue that unless the
Spaniards stop any Red assault
at the Pyrenees, Portuguese de-
tense efforts would be futile.
Use of Portugals great port
OF Lisbon in any future war
almost certainly would hinge on
Spanish cooperation. If Lisbon
were used as a supply unloading
point, there would be no way to
move war materials up to Eu-
rope except across Spain
Evening star., 1951-01-28

arms and financial aid remains
to be seen. (The new Spanish
Ambassador to the United States
has indicated that Spain would
join in Europe's defensesJ
The nation presently has
approximately 100000 men
comprising half of the 1948 and
all of the 1949 classes under
colors. The class of 1850 has
been called for next month
with the remainder of the 1948
troops freed a few months later
If the international situation
warrants.
These soldiers are plentifully
supplied with small arms, al
though a majority are of the
1921 model. Artillery all dates
from the Spanish civil war, al
though a prototype of a 105-
millimeter cannon has been
made and now is being tested.
The tanks are a mixture Of
German. Italian and Russian
models used in the civil war.
SPANS Navy is composed of
six cruisers. the most modern of
which is the 10,000-ton Cam
arias. which was completed in
1896. It also has a number of
destroyers, gunboats and mine
layers.
The air force has about 800
planes. less than a hundred of
which are in a condition to fly.
Jets have never even been seen
in this country.
From a military viewpoint,
Evening star., 1951-01-28
By Edword Cronkshow

as probability, and he goes into
detailed figures:
For the Far North, toward
Alaska. he allocates six Soviet
divisions and 1900 aircraft.
For the Middle East persia,
Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the Suez
Canal. 40 to so Soviet divisions
and 5000 aircraft.
For the Fart East (what Gen.
Mast calls harassing attacks, in
cluding an attack on Japan,
20 Soviet divisions and 5000
aircraft.
For the grand attack on
Western Europe, ITO Soviet di-
visions and 12,500 aircraft, in
cluding 120 divisions and 10000
aircraft for the direct breakout
of Germany and Austria.
On top of all this, the Soviet
Navy. including 300 submarines,
would have the task of paralyz-
ing the sea communication of
the Atlantic powers.
The sum total of this effort
plus a number of divisions unac-
counted for, is given as $50 Soviet
divisions and 10000 to 10000 air.
craft simultaneously deployed
east. west, south and north in a
highly original manner.
This is IS more divisions than
the present official estimates OF
Soviet strength-estimates be-
lieve are exaggerated. But Gen
Mast believes that within three
months of his hypothetical D day
there would be $50 Soviet divi-
sions ready for action, and, by the
end of the year. 500. including
some 5000 tanks and all the para
pkernalia of modern rocket war;
fare.
Here, then, is the nightmare of
Soviet aggression as made con-
crete by a French officer with a
distinguished past and now cir
culating. above all in the United
States, as the sort of thinking
now going on in Informed mill
tary circles" among the Atlantic
powers.
The whole point of such an
operation would be to overcome
Allied resistance simultaneously at
every point so that the Atlantic
powers together with fellow vic
Tins not subscribing to the At
lantic pact) would have no foot
hold left to build up their own
potential strength, which is so
much greater than all the might
OF Russia. With such an opera
ton, therefore, estimates of the
Soviet build-up after D day are
irrelevant. We can build up, too,
and faster than Russia.
What matters is the immediate
striking power. and not only the