davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-05-18
Iran Oil Could Set War Ab|oze
American Government Had to Use Strong Argument
To Persuade British Not to Resort to Force
Constantine Brown:

The British government. while
exercising every influence to in
duce the United States to halt
operations in Korea on any
honorable" terms the Peiping
government might accept, was
nearly ready this week to use
force in Iran to protect it's oil
concessions there. The Ameri-
can Government had to use
strong arguments to persuade
the British not to resort to force.
The question of Iranian-and
for that matter all Middle East
ern-oil is of vital Importance
to all the Allies. While Europe
gets only Is per cent of it's
needed oil from Iran, it would
be a near-catastrophe if Iraq
and Saudi Arabia were to fol-
low Teheran's policy Of nation
alization. which plays 100 per
cent into Russian hands.
Thus, while the Middle East
ern oil matter is not a question
of British investments alone. but
affects greatly the military po-
tential of all nations which now
are threatened by Soviet aggres-
siveness, the use of force at this
time could unleash World War
III more quickly than the bomb
ing of Manchurian military in
stallations or a naval blockade
of the Chinese coast.
When it became apparent
that the Iranian government,
under prodding by Moscow,
would not accept any compro-
mise and was unshakablys decid-
ed to take over the rich oil fields
operated in the past by the
British, London seemed in
clined to throw all its past
caution out the window and
send troops and warships to the
Persian Gulf. A paratroop di-
vision was alerted, repeatedly
with orders to be ready to move
into Southern Iran to protect
British lives and property.
A naval squadron either Is on
the way or already has arrived
in that sensitive area. The pres
ence of warships need not set
off the Middle Eastern powder
keg. 1t can be explained as a
standby measure to take aboard
British citizens who may be
threatened by fanatics, melted
by Soviet agents.
The sending of ground troops
was considered in Washington.
however, as far more dangerous.
Iran is a sovereign state. The
arrival Of foreign troops-what-
ever the excuse-would have
been considered a hostile act,
Evening star., 1951-05-18
Henry McLenore:

Hand me down my white
charger. I'm off on another cru
SADIE.
This time it is for the estab-
lishment of a Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Flowers
in New York City.
This town is no place in
which to raise flowers. any more
than a boiler factory is suitable
for choir practice, or Macy's
window for spooning and spark
ing.
Every building has a roof and
on most of the roofs this time
of year, New Workers are brow
beating flowers and shrubs in
an effort to make them grow
whether they want to or not.
Most New Yorkers come from
parts of the country where
flowers in bloom are part Of
the spring picture, and they are
going to have flowers in bloom
in New York, ira la. or break
their own and the flowers necks
in an attempt.
Out Of my apartment win
dows can see half a dozen
rooftops where sadistic New
Yorkers spend most of their
leisure daylight hours treating
plants with the ruthlessness Of
a Simon Legree.
1t may be my imagination.
but the past week I would swear
I have heard a box Of baby
nasturtiums cry Help! Help!"
as some cold-blooded flower
lover grabbed them by their
tiny ears and barked, You're
in the big city. now, see, and
you gotta make good. Get
growing"
Oh, I tell you it tears at your
heart to wake up at night and
listen to a bed Of petunias sob
bing their double ruffles out
from loneliness. high above New
York's noisy streets. I believe
if they knew how to use a tele-
phone they'd dial Operator and
ask for cop.
New York dirt Is plentiful
and rich. to be sure. but there
is one drawback to 1t insofar
as flowers are concerned: most
of it is in the air or on the
citizens.
doubt that the alluvial soil
of the Mississippi Delta is any
richer than that which floats
over Manhattan "a hours a day,
or which clings to the neck,
ears and nose of the New
Yorker.
But is it fair to ask a rose tt
try to sink its roots on the neck
Of a busy citizen? Or a sweet
Evening star., 1951-05-18
Doris FLeeson:
Little Pentogon in Tokyo Style
Gen. Whitney Issues Daily Communiques in New York
Pointing Out Errors Of Joint Chiefs and Marshall

ments are solemnly front-paged
and flashed throughout the
nation.
Meanwhile, exactly as in To-
kyo. Maj. Gen. Whitney's friend.
for whom he speaks. holds him
self aloof from The common
herd Of reporters. radio COM
mentators and plain people
passing to and fro. General Of
the Army Douglas Macarthur
receives a selected list of people
important to him, which was
his custom during his occupa-
ton Of Japan. Occasionally he
shows himself to the multitudes
in an attractive aspect as at
a parade for himself or at a
ball game.
But the inquiring voices which
bombed the big Pentagon and
all Washington off1cialdom
in behalf of the American
people have yet to attain
a similar status at the hand
of Gen. Macarthur. Every
Thursday the President himself
stands at the bar of public opin-
ion to answer for his plans, his
appointees, the confusions and
contradictions of the record be-
ing built by his administration.
At the little Pentagon, re-
porters can wait on Maj. Gen.
Whitney, record the pearls that
drop from his lips and like it.
Maj. Gen. Whitney uses
phrases certainly reminiscent of
famous oratorical style, so
presumably he is passing on
Evening star., 1951-05-18
What q We||-Kept Secret 1t Was!
President Nursed Grievance Against Macarthur,
But Decorated Genero! at Wake lslond PorIey

leaflets had been dropped over
the enemy lines urging the Red
Chinese to surrender. The mes
sage of March "a was in line
with that psychological-warfare
effort-and not a single message
of disapproval ever came from
the President or the Joint Chiefs
Of Staff or any one else spe-
cifically disapproving of the
sending of such surrender de-
mands to the enemy.
Yet now Mr.. Truman says
this was the chief basis for the
dismissal. The President re-
ferred questioners also to Sec
retary of Defense Marshall's
testimony to the effect that
Gen. MacArthur's message up
set the peace plans which the
administration was working out
concurently with its Allies.
The facts are. however, that
the proposed 14-nation declara-
ton was circulated to Is diff
ferent foreign governments, but
no copy was sent to our own Far
East commander, who held the
title of U. N. Commander in
Chief. On March 20. a vague
message saying something like
it was being planned did come
to him. as had many other re-
ports of attempts in the U. N.
to bring about "cease-f1re" ne
gotiations. To this day the
administration has refused to
make public what was in that
proposed 14-nation declaration.
though Republican Senators on
Capitol Hill say it was an ap-
peasement plan which called
for an expression of American
willingness to stop fighting and
agree to a restoration of the
38th Parallel. That meant a
waste of everything that had
been fought for since last June.
It will be interesting now to
see what the Senate inquiry
does on this point. for it will
naturally demand to know the
exact peace" terms and what
begged down the negotiations.
and why the message was not
sent to Gen. Macarthur, mas
much as it was supposedly in
the works here for at least two
weeks before he addressed the
Chinese commander.
Mr.. Truman also referred to
the message which Gen. Mac
Evening star., 1951-05-18
Doris FIeeson:

Americas democratic proc
esses will either make this great
country live forever or kill us
of in o very short time.
Although it seems to have at
tracted very little public atten-
ton, we are now operating with
two Pentagons. One Is the big
Pentagon in Washington where
the Joint Chiefs of Staff watch
over global policy and trans
NIT their findings through chan
nels to their civilian superiors.
the Secretary of Defense, and
the Commander in Chief, named
by the United States Consti-
tuition. They use a globe.
The little Pentagon has been
established in the Waldorf
Astoria Hotel in New York,
where it reproduces as nearly
as possible the Dai 1chi Build
ing setup in Toyko. headquar-
ters of a single theater COM
mand, the Far East. Here a
fat map is de rigueur. In the
little Pentagon, a two star
general, retired, Courtney Whit
ney. almost daily issues COM
muniques which point out the
errors Of the Joint Chiefs, the
Secretary Of Defense and the
Commander in Chief. Indeed.
at moments he comes perilously
close to suggesting that these Of
ficials are not telling the truth,
the whole truth and nothing
but the truth. These pronounce
Evening star., 1951-05-18

rather than originating his
great thoughts. It is perhaps
as well. since his own military
stature is not likely to have
raised him to jos level. Actu-
ally, after an undistinguished
military career, he became a
lawyer, the Manila lawyer to
be exact who got Gen. Mac
Arthur his divorce from his first
wife. the former Louise Crom-
well.
Anyone who believes that
Gen. Macarthur would have
meekly tolerated such goings-
on directed against himself
when he was in power should
run, not walk, to the nearest
psychiatrist and bind himself
to the analysis couch with
hoops of steel until he is pro-
nounced well enough to appear
in public again.
The truth is that the White
House and big Pentagon are
CALLED outright but they are
determined to do or say moth
ing about it. It is Maj. Gen.
Whitney who chiefly annoys
them; they are so accustomed
to the hair shirt which Gen.
Macarthur has long been to
them, they would probably miss
it If he really did fade away.
incidentally. those who call
attention to matters Of this
kind are Injured to a food of
Dear sir, you cur" letters
whose vehemence is only ex-
ceeded by their lack OF in
formation.
Evening star., 1951-05-18

Arthur sent to the convention
of the Veterans of Foreign Wars
on August % last as something
that displeased him. The general
in that message pointed out that
Formosa had to be defended and
should not be turned over to an
enemy. It has now been testi-
fed by Secretary Marshall that
this has been American policy
all along. Why should the Presi-
dent, therefore, have been dis
pleased on April II, 1851, over
a statement of American policy
if that was, indeed. the Ameri-
can policy as far back as August
%, 1850? 1t may turn out that
the State Department on that
date was really willing to turn
over Formosa to Red China and
that Gen. MacArthur's state
ment caused such a public furor
that the policy had to be
changed. There are lots Of
things yet to be revealed by the
Senate inquiry.
So it all boils down to the
fact that, however unhappy Mr..
Truman was about Gen. Mac
Arthur, the Far Eastern COM
mander, by the issuance of state
ments which the general believed
to be within his rights as a
theater commander and as Su-
preme allied commander, pre-
vented Formosa from falling into
enemy hands and inadvertently
did demolish an appeasement
plan.
1t looks very much as if the
President has just become aware
that Secretary Marshall's ex-
PLANTATION of the dismissal of
Gen. Macarthur isn't persuasive
and that it seems expedient now
to avoid making an issue of
the right of members of the
armed services not to suffer re-
prisals when they tell the truth
as they see it on the request of
members of Congress.
So the President shifted to
the question of alleged impro-
priety on the part of Gen. Mac
Arthur in demanding that the
enemy stop fighting and sur
render. 1t certainly is strange
to learn from the lips of
President of the United States
that it is improper nowadays
to speak to the enemy that way
and that any general who does
1t in the midst of battle is likely
to be fired.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1951-05-18
Thonos l. Stokes:
T Truman Returns to the Offensive
Again Starts to Blast Congress in Plain Language;
6. O. P. Has OverpIoyed the Macarthur Issue

the party did stand united.
They lost on it. No public up
rising resulted. The public. in
fact. seemed little interested in
procedure, particularly after
the general started to talk and
virtually everything he said was
released verbatim so everybody
could read it, and good reading
it was for a time.
AS Gen. Marshall, Secretary
Of Defense, testified thereafter,
day after day, putting a differ
ent complexion on the Mac
Arthur story and setting it in
perspective, a noticeable bal
ance began to appear in the
picture. This began to reflect
itself among the public. The
tension subsidized somewhat.
Gen. Bradley implemented this.
Apparently this got too much
for Senator Wiley Republican,
Of Wis.,. ranking Republican
on the Foreign Relations Com
mittee. So he jumped head
long-and deep-into an age,
old issue on which he was bound
to lose. This was to insist that
Gen. Bradley detail private con-
versation with the President
about the Macarthur dismissal.
Gen. Macarthur previously had
been politely excused from such
private revelations. Senator
Wiley lost. decisively, with six of
his fellow Republicans refusing
to be mired in this morass, and
five standing with him. The
vote was 18 to 8 to~excuse Gen.
Bradley.
This tactic evidently was to
try to discredit the hearings.
If Senator Wiley had got away
with his maneuvers, which he
surely knew in advance was i'm
possible, it really would have
put his party on a spot. Imagine
the spectacle. They would have
brought before the Senate for
contempt a respected and re-
vered military figure who had
Evening star., 1951-05-18
David Lawrence:

With admirable restraint
President Truman nursed his
grievance against Gen. Mac
Arthur for more than a year and
never told him about it. He
even pinned a Distinguished
Service decoration on the gen.
eral at the Wake Island con-
ference and publicly praised
Gen. MacArthur's leadership.
Even as late as January 13,
1851, he sent him private mes
sage, which has only recently
been made public, saying that
"the entire Nation is grateful
for your leadership"
Now Mr.. Truman says it
wasn't really the letter that Gen.
Macarthur wrote to Representa-
tive Joseph w. Martin, Republi-
can leader. which furnished the
straw that broke the camel's
back. To use an entirely different
metaphor, the President said the
letter to Representative Martin
had added fuel to the flames
but he had made up his mind
long before that to fire Gen.
Macarthur. What a well-kept
secret it was! --.
The exact reason, as given by
the President at yesterdays
news conference. was the Mac
Arthur message of March "a
calling on the Red Chinese COM
mander to lay down his arms
and agree to an armistice. Mr..
Truman referred to it as an
ultimatum. But that isn't ac-
curate. For in international
law an ultimatum means that,
unless an enemy does a certain
thing by a certain time, a Ger
tain penalty will be inflicted.
Gen. Macarthur merely pre-
dicted the eneny's defeat-he
didn't specify any time. He was
really polite about it.
The President nevertheless
says that the message to the
Chinese commander should have
been submitted first to the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff. But that is con-
trary to what Trygve Lie, Sec
retary General of the United
Nations. has said publicly about
the right Of a field commander
at any time to ask the enemy
TO lay down its arms.
Actually Gen. Macarthur had
q psychological warfare setup
under which for several months
Evening star., 1951-05-18

very considerable to do with
winning our victory in Europe
In the Second World War. What
a contrast, this modest, self
effacing man standing meekly
before a body of Illuminating
Senators, charged with refusing
to divulge advice which he is
delegated to give the President
confidentially.
The Macarthur show and this
Wiley tempest-in-a-teapo ad-
venture have tended to over
shadow other developments here,
or lack of them, to which Presi-
dent Truman called attention in
his straight-from-the shoulder
talk about Congress. To wit,
the failure to do anything yet
about checking imitation. He
used the old familiar 1948
phrases, plain and homely, and
called on consumers to organize
their own lobby and come here
and tell Congress to get some
thing done.
If they do, they'll find little
space because of over-crowding
by the special interest" lobbies
which President Truman again
singled out. They are having
remarkable success in whiting
away previous gains in the gen.
eral public interest. There are
the utilities whacking down ap-
preparations for electric power
for farmers and defense plants;
the real estate crowd cutting
down badly needed public hous-
ing projects and fighting rent
control extension; others who,
the President pointed out, are
trying to get special exemptions
for themselves in the tax bill to
pay for our common defense,
and the meat barons trying to
kill price controls.
President Truman is on the
offensive again. in fighting trim,
for which his enemies can thank
themselves, as before.
Evening star., 1951-05-18
Thomas L. Stokes:

When Harry Truman starts
to toss his prepared manuscript
aside and talk from the cuff
watch out. Especially when this
Is to give Congress hell in his
plain language. It's the return
to an old act-but good one.
This he did here this week in
speaking to the National Con-
ference on Citizenship. To the
observer this looked very much
like the formal opening-in his
effective informal way-of the
1852 election campaign. You
could smell the rosin and hear
the thud of gloves.
His enemies made the OPEN
ing for him, and he lunged right
in with those chopping ges-
lures. This dramatized a very
perceptible change that has
come over the psychological
climate around here in the last
few days. 1t will have its bear
ing on coming national political
Developments, just how is not
yet clear.
1t appears that Republicans
have overplayed the Gen. Doug
las Macarthur issue, a posi-
bility which some astute party
managers foresaw from the mo-
ment he appeared before Con-
gress and set some Republican
heads to spinning dizzily.. A
martyr can be over-martyr-
lied, especially under political
handling, and more so if that
is inept. There are signs that
is happening.
The general did, indeed, offer
a most tempting political from
tispiece. But his Republican
champions-which docs not by
any means include the whole
party-were not satisfied to let
him speak for himself. which
he did remarkably we'll. They
must gild the stars.
They got a hearing for him,
but they insisted that 1t be
public and. on that side issue,
Evening star., 1951-05-18

since they were not invited"
by the Teheran government and
were not clothed with the au-
thority Of the United Nations.
But even these considerations
might have been overlooked if
it had not been for the fact
that the Russians have large
force-estimated at about six
divisions - on the AZerbaijan
border.
There was not a shadow of a
doubt. according to reports from
American official and unofficial
observers in that country, that
as soon as the first British SOL
diers landed in Southern Iran,
the present pro-Soviet govern
ment in Teheran would have
opposed the British landing and
would have called in the Reds
to help them defend the sover-
eighty of the country. And there
equally is not the SllgnLeSC
doubt that the Russians would
have complied eagerly with that
demand.
Then the fat really would have
been in the fire in an area where
the Allies have no military
strength whatsoever. And what
is worse. the conflict would not
have been localized in Iran, but
would have spread rapidly to
the rest of the Middle East.
This frank evaluation of the
situation is said to have dam
pened the ardor Of the British
government. which has replaced
the physical measures it in
tended to adopt in the present
crisis by a strongly worded dip
lomatic note.
London and Washington are
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-12-13
Heavy Hogs Make
Pigs OF Themselves

Hogs have bigger appetiteS per
pound of gain after they reach
224 pounds, but the weight they
add is less appetizing to consum-
CrS.
1t takes about 223 pounds of
feed to add SO pounds gain to a
hog that weighs from 225 to 274
pounds, says w. H. Bruner, ex-
tension economist at Ohio State
University. Fat or lard makes up
l3 pounds of every SO pounds put
on a 2OO-pound hog.
When hog weighs from l74
to 224 pounds, it will eat 2O6
pounds of feed to make so
pounds of gain. Only SIP pounds
of this gain will be lard.
Bruner points out that less
than 10 cents of every consumer
dollar goes for lard. Seventy-five
to eighty cents of the consumer
dollar goes for four primal cuts
that make up less than so per-
cent of hogs live weight.
In view of these statistics
from the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture and the Am
erlcan Meat Institute, farmers
Will want to top out market hogs
at 200 to 225 pounds. They will
want breeding stock from fast
growing, meat-type hogs from
large litters.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-12-13
D e aih S
Leo Peral Lashley

Leo Peral Lashley, SO, of
Bridgeport, coal miner, died at
500 o'clock Sunday evening at
the Martins Ferry hospital fol-
lowing a short illness.
He was born in Senecaville,
son of the late Joseph and Mrs.
Flora Stoneburner Lashley, of
Buffalo.
Surviving are his widow,
Wilma; his mother; one daughter,
Mrs. Bertha Callison, of New
Carlisle, o; three brothers,
Charles of Salesville; Joseph, of
Lore City, and Obern, of Cam
bridge; two sisters, Mrs. Ina
Dement,, of Senecaville, and Mrs.
Emma Gray, of Lore City; two
stepdaughters; one stepson; and
two grandchildren. His father
and two brothers are deceased.
Funeral services were held at
the Meek funeral home at 1:30
o'clock Wednesday afternoon
with Rev. Albert Randolph, of
ByeSville officiating. Burial was
made in the Salem church ceme-
terry.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-12-13

and George c, Beery, Columbus,
superintendent Franklin Co.
schools.
Initial business session will be
opened on Monday morning by
Supt. John D. Blackford, Marie
mont, president of the OEA.
Committee and group heads
scheduled to make reports to the
convention include: Judson c.
Siddall, Toledo; H. Delbert
Swain, Columbus; Sylvia Todd,
Lakewood; S. c. Smith, Elyria;
Van B. Retallick, Norwood; Paul
F. Smith, Shadyside; Lawrence
D. Shutter, Columbus; H. c. Fob
erson, Lima; A. E. Cover, Chilli
cothe; Merritt c. Nauts, Toledo;
and Robert L. Nash, Columbus.
Election of officers will take
place on Tuesday.
Previously named delegates
from Noble county will attend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-12-13
Bessie Tucker

Mrs, Bessie Tucker, Sc, widow
of Henry Tucker, East Union,
died at her home in that COM
munity, Wednesday morning at
200 o'clock. Mrs. Tucker had
been in failing health for the
past several months.
She is survived by three
daughters and a son. Funeral
services will be held Friday
afternoon at 200 O'clock from
the East Union Methodist church
and interment will be made in
the church cemetery by the
Wheeler funeral home.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1951-12-13

legislation, will be held on Dec.
1913.
At the same time, seven de-
partmental and OEA-affiliated
groups will hold annual and
semi-annual meetings.
DR.. John H. Furbay, lecturer
and air education director for
TWA, will be the speaker at the
opening session.
Merriman c. Smith, United
Press correspondent at the White
House and author of THANK
You, Mr.. President" will address
classroom teachers department
luncheon, while Bennett Chap
pie, assistant to the president of
Armco Steel Corp, Middletown,
will speak before the Ohio AS
sociation Of School Administrat-
ors.
Other departmental group
speakers include: Robert w.
Eaves, Washington, executive
secretary of the National Educa-
tional Assn.'s elementary princi-
pals department; Dr.. John A.
Ramseyer. Columbus, director,
Ohio State UniVersity's univer-
sity school; William r. Flesher,
Columbus, acting director, OSU
Bureau of Educational Research;