davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Red Moves in Paris Watched
Russian Actions Appear to Be Propaganda Effort.
Yet They Could Be Mask to Trick Western Allies

the whole situation will be OBJ
vious to everybody,
For some days now the Rus
slams have been carrying on a
strange maneuyer at Paris in
seeking agreement on an agenda
for forthcoming conference OF
the foreign ministers. On the
surface the move looks like q
propaganda effort, but 1t also
could be a mask to throw the
Western. allies of the track as
the Communists let go a two
fold pressure--in the Far East
as we'll as in Europe.
However logical the argu-
ments may be against Rlls-
stan decision to provoke Dig
crisis at this time in Europe and
take the risk even of a world
war breaking out, and however
accustomed the world has be-
come to believing that no such
contingency is in prospect, mill
tary chiefs nevertheless cannot
take anything for granted. That
is why they attach so much i'm
portance to what Congress is
doing these days. The fact that
both houses haggle about send
ing more troops to Europe and
about passing an overall man
power plan. including universal
training, is regarded as highly
dangerous to the whole world
situation because it shows a
weakening in Washington to-
ward a program of resistance to
the Communists activities.
Military men say this is pre-
cisely what happened when Hit
Ter was making his plans In the
summer of 1899. He saw the
American Congress hesitant to
pass a bill to repeal neutrality
laws. He read that Senator
Borah was telling everybody
there wasn't any danger of an
aggressive move by Hitler. The
German dictator came to the
conclusion that America was too
divided to do anything to help
Europe if he should decide to
attack Poland.
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Dorothy Thompson:
Alice in Wonderland Loqic! !!
American Men Are Drafted as Mercenories
To Fight With Hands Tied Behind Back

China but, at the same time.
we must not be! Was there
ever such Alice in Wonderland
logic!
To make matters just a little
more fantastic, the new COM
mander of the 7th Fleet, Vice
Admiral Harold NJ. Martin. has
announced Gas his directive
from President Truman) that
the fleet is in Formosa waters
not only to defend Formosa
against invasion by the Chinese
Red armies. but to defend the
Chinese Reds from any attack
by the Chinese Nationalists on
the mainland. AS far as any
other islands off the coast Of
China are concerned. the 7th
Fleet will take no action regard
less of whether they are occu-
pied by Chinese Nationalists or
Communists, unless ordered to
do so by the State Department,
said the vice admiral.
So, in Korea we are fighting
Chinese Communist mainland
armies, and off Formosa we are
protecting them against the
Chinese Nationalists. If the
armies of Chang Kai-shek at
tempt to attack the armies we
are fighting in Korea, the 7th
Fleet will-according to the
vice admiraps directives-block
them. We thus will welcome any
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Pledges Given to Italy Broken
Senate Likely to Make Gross Errors N Decisio
On World Affairs Made Under Pressure

approached the Italian-Ameri-
can leaders through local poll
tical channels and in some man
ner or another convinced them
to hold their fire and stop the
lobby for rejection of the peace
treaty signed a year earlier in
Paris.
The votes needed for ratifica-
ton thus were obtained. Sena-
tors Connally and Vandenberg
convinced their colleagues that
"while the treaty was not all we
may have wanted. it was the best
we could get." Four years now
have elapsed. Italy is still not a
member of the United Nations.
Russia has vetoed its repeated
attempts to join that organiza-
ton.
Thanks to Americas unilateral
efforts. Italy was saved from
economic chaos. But this had
nothing to do with the treaty it
self. But now. when it appears
essential that Italy be allowed
to develop its national defense
in accordance with the North
Atlantic Treaty. she is being
handicapped. by the provisions
of the peace treaty, which limit
drastically her armament.
The Watkins resolution will
not help. But it did prove the
harm which can be caused when
the Senate votes on international
matters under pressure from the
executive branch of the Govern
ment.
Evening star., 1951-04-05

Gen. Macarthur has at last
clarified the terms of the Chi
nese Communists. Their object,
they repeat. is to drive U. N.
troops out of all Korea. In
short, they demand uncondi-
tional surrender, and make
clear, once and for all, that
they do not consider the 38th
parallel. or any other line. an
inviolable frontier.
No army can successfully
fight with its hands tied be-
hind its back, or fight a war
in which the opponent is, ST.
multaneously. acknowledged as
the enemy. while his territory
is declared inviolate!
The North Korean armies
were defeated. Our troops now
are fighting red Chinese, and
Red China has openly taken
over the military and political
conduct Of the Communist
Korean war. Gen. Macarthur
says they can't drive out our
troops. but we can't drive out
theirs, either, unless we can
flank them in Manchuria and,
presumably, the General of The
Army knows what he is talking
about. But, say the politicos,
at home and abroad. we mustn' t
do that because that would put
us at war with Red China.
Thus, we are In war with Red
Evening star., 1951-04-05

President Truman Is being
! urged by his advisers to take
q more vigorous hand in the
controversy on Capitol Hill. but
it looks now as If events in Korea
may provide the stimulus. espe-
cially If there is incontrovertible
evidence of an extensive inter-
vention in Korea by Russian
troops and air power. Il is diff
flcult to see how Russia could
afford to take the risk of COM
ing to the aid Of the Red Chinese
and the Communists of North
Korea without worrying about
precipitating a Third World
War. But If the Russians are
convinced that the U. N. will
not regard their entry into the.
Far Eastern War as a serious
step. then Russia may feel that
she can do as she pleases In the
Far East and perhaps throw in
all her Siberian armies to force
the u. N. out of Korea. She can
then start a campaign Of harass-
ment in Europe itself, either by
resuming the blockade of Berlin
or by initiating a new block
ade at Vienna or by massing
troops on the Yugoslav border.
The truth is American relaxa-
ton from tension has come
about largely because of the rise
of American offensive power in
Korea. The public has failed to
note, however. that Korea is
just one phase Of general
world situation and that Mos
cow and not the Chinese Com
munist regime is the controlling
factor in the Far East. Mean
while, pressure for peace talks
goes on at Paris, even as Rus
sia increases her leverage for
bargaining in the Far East. She
may be willing to offer to make
an Austrian treaty or even to
make a compromise settlement
in Korea in exchange for a
pledge by the Western Allies to
drop their plans to rearm
Europe.
Reproduction RightS Reserved
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Dirksen Describes RFc
AS Royal Fruit Cake
BY the Associated Press

SAN FRANCISCO. April s.
San Francisco Republicans who
paid 500 a plate for dinner last
might heard an Illinois Senator
denounce the Truman admins
tration's mink coat moral stand
ards"
Senator Dirksen, Republican. oi
Illinois talked by radio from
Washington to some 900 persons
at a Republican preparedness
dinner. He said:
There's an all-time low ir
Government morals the
Reconstruction Finance Corp. is
now referred to as the Royal Fruit
Cake.
"For 20 years this country has
been under the rule and domina
ton of New and Fair Deals
these spendthrifts cry for aus.
terity. It is time for austerity
and sacrifices within the Govern
ment ITSELF" Representative Scott
Republican, of Pennsylvania ac-
cused the Government Of "hiding
the facts about Korea" from the
people.
Evening star., 1951-04-05

consequences for Italy. such as
the refusal of the Western pow
ers to permit Italy to join the
United Nations and refusal of
economic and financial support
by the Western nations for
Italy's recovery. Our ambassa-
dor in Rome, James c. Dunn,
could do nothing but support
his British colleague. luke
warmly.
Meanwhile. however, q number
of Italian American societies be-
gan to talk to members of the
Senate, urging them to reject
the treaty. Their arguments
were not confined to the i'll
effects on Italy in the future.
but its immortality.
All the promises we made to
the Italians at the time they de-
cided to break with the Ger
mans were disregarded. All the
pledges given them in good faith
by Gen. Eisenhower to get them
to join the Allies as -co-bel-
ligerents were thrown in the
waste basket.
Positive proofs, contained in
documents and exchanges of
letters between the Allies and
Marshal Badoglio's government.
were given the Senators. Spokes-
men for the Italian-American
societies spent days in Wash
ington, buttonholing Senators
and advising them Of the pitfalls
Of that treaty.
A few days before the matter
came to a vote the representa-
tives of the Italian-Americans
disappeared from Washington.
The Senator's who wanted their
support in the final battle on
the floor of the Senate could not
even contact them.
This mystery eventually was
solved. The spokesmen for the
administration, fearing defeat,
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Lowell Meilett:

The last best hope of the
Republican Party is still Gen.
Dwight Eisenhower. For many
in the party, of course, he is
the first hope as well as the
last. For others he represents
the candidate they can win with
next year in case the Demo-
cratic Party pulls out of it's
present tailspin and prepares
to put up real fight.
So the Republican Party this
week gives its last best hope
swift kick In the pants.
In accepting supreme COM
mand of the allied defense in
Europe the general accepted
all the risks that went with it,
including the risk of failing to
do what was expected of him
because of forces beyond his
control. If he thought at all
of his own personal interest he
was aware that he was stalking
any political future he might
have on his ability to bring
about a mighty unified effort on
the part of a number of ma
tions, historically jealous of
one another. To achieve this
he had to rely heavily on the
prestige of his own country,
the confidence of the European
allies that we are solidly behind
them, that once they committed
themselves we would not let
them down.
Convinced himself that this
is the case, the general, accord
ing to all reports, has been hav-
ing extraordinary success in
communicating his conviction
to the uneasy peoples and gov
ernments of Western Europe.
That was the situation until
this week. On Monday the gen.
eral. seeking to nail it down,
could say in his first press in.
terview on formally assuming
command:
Anything which may indi-
cate reluctance to get into this
pool of cold, clear water up to
our necks. I deplore. If our
nearts are in this thing, it can
be done"
He was concerned, he said,
about speedy action on the part
Of the governments to show their
full readiness to cooperate. He
had in mind obviously certain
Of the European governments.
On Tuesday he got some news
from home. news that also
Evening star., 1951-04-05

reached the European govern
ments he was endeavoring to
encourage. The news, in effect.
was that while our allies could
count on the general and on
the generals commander in
chief. they couldn't be too sure
about our Congress. For the
United States Senate. exercis-
ing its privilege, had declared
that not more than four Amer
ican divisions shall be sent to
Europe in implementation of the
North Atlantic Treaty without
further Congressional approval"
1t is possible that no more
than those four divisions ever
will be needed. But if the need
should arise it is likely to arise
suddenly. Allied governments
are fully aware of the time it
has taken for the Senate to
agree even to the sending of the
four divisions. They are familiar
with the processes of the great
est deliberative body in the
Evening star., 1951-04-05

allies to fight the Chinese Red
armies. provided they are not
Chinese! While intervening in
one civil war we are strictly
neutral in another, involving
the same forces-and actually
benevolent toward the enemy,
the American fleet being in
structed to bottle up those Chi.
nese who want to fight the
same enemy we are fighting.
For the first time in Ameri-
can history, American men are
drafted as mercenaries to fight
a war in behalf of a U. N. prin-
ciple which. numerically esti-
mated. more than half OF the
peoples represented in U. N.
do not accept: for an interna-
tional cause which has no in-
ternational army. but spends
some II per cent of its huge
budget. largely contributed by
the American taxpayer, on
propagandizing itself; in an
area which has been declared
as of no vital strategical i'm
portance to the United States:
against an enemy who must
not be treated as an enemy;
and under a commander who
is perpetually slapped for as
Stunning political responsibilities
which no one else assumes.
(Released BY the Bell Syndicate. 1nc.)
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Anyhow, 1t May Stop Eisenhower
Whatever Else Republican Senators May Achieve
BY Troop Resolution, General Is Hompered

world" They cannot like the
prospect of having to wait out
a Senate debate in case OF an
emergency that calls for fast
action. Yet that is the prospect
they are now offered. Their
confidence surely has been
cooled, their will to fight weak
ened.
Some Democrats of the anti
Administration variety, eleven
in all, participated in the SEN
ate decision, but it was chiefly
the work of members of the
party that claims Eisenhower
for its own. All but eight of
the Republicans voting agreed
that he and the President should
be handcuffed in the manner
indicated. It certainly is not
true of all of them. but the
suspicion is aroused that some
Of the Senators are more con-
cerned at the moment with stop
ping Eisenhower than with stop
ping Stain.
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Constantine Brown:

The long debate in the Senate
over whether President Truman
has the right to send troops to
Europe without congressional
consent under the provisions OF
the North Atlantic pact has
brought out one important fact
which so far has received little
notice.
This is that the Senate is
likely to make gross errors when
1t votes on international matters
under pressure from the admin
istration.
An amendment offered last
Tuesday by Senator Watkins of
Utah was approved by an over
whelming majority. It provided
that it was the sense of the
Senate that the peace treaty
with Italy, which prevents that
Nation from contributing sub
stantially to Western defense,
should be changed.
It's passage has only academic
value. It is unlikely that the
signatories will do much about
the matter. But the large vote
favoring such a step indicates
that the United States Senate,
which voted for its ratification
four years ago. realizes that it
was a bad treaty, which should
never have been approved. The
affirmative vote was obtained
only through intense pressure
from the administration.
The spokesman of the BIZ
partisan policy. Senators Con-
nally and Vandenberg, urged
the Democratic and Republican
members to cast a favorable
vote, not because the treaty was
fiawless but for the sake of
maintaining a united front with
the USSR.
A large group of Republican
Senators supported by a number
Of Democrats were determined
to defeat 1t. They knew the
sordid behind -the-scene ma
neuvers which preceded that
ratification of the peace treaty
by the Italian National As
Sembly.
Italy's Premier Alcide de
Gasperi had visited Washington,
where he attempted to obtain
some modification Of the Paris
agreement of 1916. He had re-
ceived some vague words of en-
couragement. Upon his return to
Rome he was Immediately ap-
preached by the British am
bassador, who urged him strong
ly not to attempt to change
anything in the treaty.
The British diplomat informed
MFR. de Gasperi that any attempt
to interfere with the peace
treaty would have adverse
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Anything Goes in This Age,'
Is View of New York Pastor

very rigorous in teaching or prac-
tice or moral truths. They have
become interested in raising money
for pleasant little things around
the community and in having a
beautiful service on Sunday.
"The churches fooled around
with theology in those years when
the world was crying for guild
Tance."
Statistics have indicated that
|attendances in churches in this
country has grown, markedly, since
the war.
Doubts Figures.
IT have some doubts about those
figures" DR.. Holmes replied. But
even assuming they are accurate,
they do not necessarily mean
people are more spiritual. Yes, God
lis for Sunday, they think. but not
for the other six days Of the week. "
There should be instruction in
lethics and morals in the schools,
he said.
Parents haven't been doing the
job. They have become too COM
pletely fascinated with buying a
new gadget to amuse them or a
machine to make housework cas-
ier. A home, today, is a place OF
entertainment, not of instruction. y
Nevertheless. DR.. Holmes said
there is more hope for the gener-
alton of people still in high school
and colleges now.
Earnestness Among Youngsters.
"There is an earnestness among
these youngsters, a searching
They seem to sense that things
are not right, and that they could
be better.
81 get many different evidence.
of this. not only from my owr
observation but from what people
tell me.
ut may be. simply. that these
young people feel they are goine
out into a world that may destroy
them. It may be only the instinct
for survival. But there is rea
hope in that direction.
IF these people are not reduced
to barbarians by a third worlt
war, they may create something
much better than what we SCI
now"
Evening star., 1951-04-05

terdenominational Church Of New
York since 1907. In more than AZ
years of church work, he says, he
has never seen moral standards
In America SO low as they now
are.
People have lost the ability
literally, to distinguish between
right and wrong" Dr. Holmes tolo
me. I'm this age, anything goes. =
These are the causes, DR.. Holmes
said, in an interview, underlying
recent disclosures of corruption in
Government and the stories Of
graft, bribery and influence uncov-
cred by the Kefauver and Full
bright committees.
New and Aggravated.
The clergyman said he believed
the present condition of public
morality in America is new and
aggravated. rather than an ever
present situation which has sud-
denly been brought to wide pub
lie attention.
Something very serious has
happened to the moral fibre OF
this generation" DR.. Holmes de-
clared. Like a human body. q
society can fall victim of a disease
and die Of it, as Toynbee and othe,
historians have demonstrated.
This country is in mortal dan
ger today. It could die as Other
societies have died.
Americans are trying to live
without God and 1t can't be done
They have been trying it for about
80 years. But the laws of morali.
ty are as exact and inexorable al
the laws Of physics or chemistry
When they are violated. things &c
wrong--even to the extent of .
terrible explosion"
Great Corrosive Agents.
The great corrosive agents, DR.
Holmes said, have come directl,
from the two world wars in which
the United States was engaged.
War is an evil that embraces
all other evils. It sanctions murder
permits theft, and condones sex
ual license. A man is concerned
solely with survival. All other bar
are down.
''It is impossible-without tire
mendous moral strengthen tn,
civilian population, far remove.
from the front, not to be affectet
by these standards Of conduct"
An implacable enemy of wal
DR.. Holmes said the influences dis
titled from the vast world convul
sions Of 1917 and 1941 ''have be
come a cancer eating into th'
structure of our lives"
The presumably corrective in
f1uences in American life, he con
tinued, have not been equal to tn,
! task that confronted them.
ALI At Fault.
). "We are all at fault-th
churches. the schools and the par
ents in the home.
"As a clergyman, I recognize ou
degree of responsibility.
"The churches have not beel
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Dovid Lowrence:

Nervousness over a possible
war with Russia in the spring
months has arisen again.
Despite the general belief that
tension has been easing. the
military men in the Pentagon
have given the impression that
the situation is fraught with
dangerous possibilities at any
time now.
Not long ago Secretary of De-
fense Marshall said things
looked worse instead of easier.
Now the speaker of the House of
Representatives, Sam Ray
burn, after a White House con-
ference. adds to the enigma by
saying America stands sin the
face of terrible danger" in the
Far East.
What has happened, of
course. is that the Communist
offensive has been building up
in the safe haven of Manchu-
ria for several weeks and is about
to be launched In a substantial
way in Korea. General MacAr-
thur has warned about this Of
fenSive. In these dispatches
reference was made three weeks
ago to the belief expressed by
officers returning from Korea
that the big offensive would cer-
tainly prove crucial test. 1t is
known that the U. N. armies
have been depending to no small
extent for their supplies on air
transport from the rear to the
front and. with the SHOWS melt
ing and the roads full of mud.
airplanes will be doubly neces-
sary. Yet a season of bad fly
ing weather approaches. Hence,
there is a distinct possibility that
the U. N. forces will be pushed
southwark.
This in itself would not give
cause for great alarm. But if
the Moscow regime has made up
its mind to throw in reinforce
ments in Korea and to exert
some pressure in Europe at the
same time. the critical nature of
Evening star., 1951-04-05
Our Public Morality
BY Relmon MORN
Asseeioted Press Staff Writer

NEW YORK. April 5.-"This is
a diseased generation-but the
next one, If it isn't destroyed by
war, will be better"
That is the opinion of DR.. John
Haynes Holmes. pastor of the In
Evening star., 1951-04-05

This is the Second in Series Of Foul
Stories Dealing With the Question
Whot Hos Happened to American
Public Morolity?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-01-28
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