davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-10-07

Do you sunburn easily? Are you
blue-eyed blond, possibly Swede?
If so. says DR.. Konrad j. K. Buett-
ner, you have the best chance to
survive the staggering heat of an
atomic explosion. Least safe, says DR..
Buettner. in report released today,
are the dark skinned peoples of Africa
and the tropics.
DR.. Buettner, German now work.
ing for the Air Force in Texas, has
made a long series of experiments on
the effects of intense heat.
He concludes there is no possibility
of enduring a really violent confla-
grafton for more than few minutes
and emerging unscathed. But, he
asked himself, can a man live long
enough to escape?
Here is what he found:
Whether one can escape depends
on the amount. kind and duration
of heat. and the length of time it
takes one to act.
The human body can withstand
heat of 500 degrees Fahrenheit
about half the temperature of wood
campfire roughly 200 seconds.
The 10.000-degree heat of the sur
face of an atomic bomb in explosion
is vastly more destructive.
No human being could move fast
enough to escape an atom bomb
burst once it begins, but the ex-
posure is so brief person may sur
vive under certain conditions-if he
is not too close, or If he is shielded
from direct force Of its radiation.
Here is where the blond comes in:
Evening star., 1951-10-07

against the bomb, because white
skln-or any hght-colored surface
reflects much of the heat radiation
from the blast.
DR.. Buettner has found that white
skin reflects 40 per cent of the heat
rays to which a person would be ex-
posed in an atomic explosion. Dark
skin reflects only 10 per cent.
Nearly the full force of the bombs
radiation is absorbed by dark
skinned person. The radiation would
blister flesh and char skin before
the victim knew it.
A lght-skinned individual, how
ever. absorbs less than two-thirds
OF tnls radiant heat. The difference
can be a critical factor in survival.
However, the heat penetrates deeper
into the tissues and muscle tibers
OF light-skinned person, so the burn
may be more difficult to treat.
In intense heat of a normal kind.
naked person may endure a brief
exposure better than a person fully
dressed. But in an atomic explosion.
f1imsy, light-colored clothes are best.
A white sheet may be more effective
than many thicknesses of dark fabric
because of its ability to reflect heat.
DR.. Buettner says hooded suit like
a Klansman's robe, covered with
aluminium foil, is the best available
shield against intense heat. He
thinks civil defense authorities would
do well to develop such a garment
on a glass-fabric base.
ASSOCIATED PreSsl
Evening star., 1951-10-07

Another round in the long legal
Sparring match between the Govern
ment and Harold R. Christoffel,
twice-convicted perjurer and sus-
pected Communist, is due to start in
the United States Court of Appeals
here tomorrow.
The ringside scoring sheet in the
4-year battle follows:
Round one - Christoffel, former
Milwaukee labor leader and one-time
high UAW official, is convicted by a
District Court jury for lying to
House Labor Committee in 1947 when
he denied any Red affiliations. The
Governments round.
Round two-The Government wins
again. The Court of Appeals upholds
his conviction.
Round three-Christoffels line of
attack pays off. During the first two
rounds, he never denied the perjury
charge, but instead contended that
the House Committee lacked quorum
at his hearing and that, therefore,
his oath was not binding The Su-
preme Court gives him the decision
in ruling that the tall, bespectacled
defendant does not have to prove
that quorum was lacking. The high
court says the prosecution has failed
to show that quorum existed.
Round four-Another victory for
the Government. Christoffel is re-
tried on the same charge and con-
victed again.
Round flve-Christoffe wins his
fight for continued freedom under
bond, but loses his best second in
the corner. The Appeals Court rules
that the Civil Rights Congress will
have to retire as bondsman, but to
most observers, Christoffel got bet
ter-than-even break in the courts
Interpretation of the rules on bail.
Round six-Begins tomorrow.
Bondsmon Held Unreliable
Whether Christoffel wins or loses
this week, he certainly can't COM
plain about the decision on Round
Five. The Civil Rights Congress.
under attack by the Government for
permitting four of the Nations II
top Reds to disappear while under
$4,000 bond each, was ordered to
withdraw its bail for Christoffel. The
Court of Appeals ruled that the CRC
no longer could be considered a
reliable bonding agency after it had
forfeited 100000 on the Reds.
Following the Eighth Amendment
to the letter, the court held that the
$4,000 bail already fixed for Chris
toffel was sufficient, but that some
other bondsman must put it up for
him. Within an hour. Christoffel and
his attorney handed over the re-
quired amount in the form of Treas
ury coupon bonds. payable to bearer
and from an unidentified source.
When asked their origin, Christoffel
replied, friends and relatives"
The prosecutor Immediately called
on the FBI for an investigation.
Christoffel's bail problems started
much earlier, however. When he
was indicted in 1947, his UAW local
at the Allis-Chalmers plant in Mil
waukee Immediately posted $1,000
Evening star., 1951-10-07

of the Metropolitan Police check and
fraud squad. telephone and street
solicitors for fake charities operate
on a so per cent commission. Thus,
so cents out of every dollar donated
is taken out even before the promoter
himself gets his bite. On this basis
it can be seen that a needy person
could starve to death on whatever
help he would get from such outfits.
$50 many intelligent business peo-
Observation-Disclosures people-pass
out money just because some bum
walks in and says. my name is
Jones. I represent such and such a
charity" says 1t. Higgins.
Check 1t First
MY advice to them is never to
agree to contribute on the basis of
a phone call or a personal solicita-
ton without first checking into the
organization thoroughly and demand
ing credentials.
Then if something goes wrong
the police have something tangible
to work on-not just a meager
description or report of a verbal
conversation
Both the Police Department and
the Better Business Bureau stand
ready to help prospective givers de-
termine if the organization in ques-
ton is worthy or is just after the fast
buck.
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Germany
Eost's Unity Offer
Poses Problems
By Joachim Joesten

BONN, Germany-To watch the
German political scene at close quar-
ters these days is not exactly relaxa-
ton. At times the observer is apt to
get dizzy, what with events moving
SO fast and positions shifting so
quickly.
A few weeks ago, all was quiet in
Germany. Chancellor Adenauer of
the West was vacationing in Switzer-
land; East German Premier Otto
Grotewohl was taking the cure in
Russia.
All issues were hopelessly tangled,
all plans were hanging fire, everybody
was marking time.
Wherever the eye travelled, solid
1og-jamS were building up. Inter-
zonal trade talks had begged down;
East-West commerce, except for
smuggling, was at Standstill. In
Berlin, things were more thoroughly
snarled than usual, with little block
AIDES and counterblockades going all
around, and little air lifts trying to
break them. Bonn and the PeterSberg
(seat of the Allied High CommisSion)
were barely on speaking terms and
both sides were represented as ready
to walk out on the projected con
tractual relationship"
Moscow Gets Ponicky
Then the log jam broke. The For
eign Ministers Conference in Wash
ington set things in motion. Moscow
appeared to get panicky about the
German situation as evidenced by
the GroteWohl proposal for unity
talks between the two GermanyS.
The Eastern Premiers plan is so
far-reaching and SO unconditional
that it is highly tempting to the Ger
mans. Its purpose and scope seem
perfectly clear: To prevent by all
means and at any price the integra-
ton of Western Germany into the
North Atlantic defense system.
How sincere are Grotewohl's ad-
vances, how genuine is the desire of
his Russian overlords to come to an
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Charity Rockets Cheat Both Gver and Needy ~.~~
By Howard l. Dutkin

Last year perSOnaple ana e2Cer-
prising young woman solicited busi-
ness and professional people about
town for funds to aid poor children.
The charity" she represented bore
a name calculated to rouse sympathy.
In 9-month period, $4,000 was
collected by the organization.
And in return, the charity" gave a
Christmas dinner for some so Wash
ington children-a party generously
estimated to have cost between $50
and $75.
What happened to the remainder
of the $4,000 is anybodys guess. But
C. T. Nottingham, supervisor of the
District License Bureau, decided that
the solicitors or peggar'S license
originally granted to representatives
of the charity" should not be re-
newed. And it wasn't.
This licensing-a poor safeguard at
the best-is the only protection a
kind-hearted and unsuSpecting WASH
ington public has from phony charity
racketeerS who mulct the community
of an estimated So million each year.
Loosely Drown Lows
Laws governing the issuance of such
licenses provide only for investigation
of the character of the solicitor and,
to a limited extent, that of the organ
iZation which he represents.
But the charity" is not required
to open its books to license officials.
according to Mr.. Nottingham, who
admits I'VE cannot make thorough
investigation under the circum-
stances" Consequently there is no
real control over such organizations.
Lack of municipal control over
charity solicitation was brought
home forcibly to District Commits
sioner F. Joseph Donohue several
weeks ago when he was notified that
his name was being used in connec-
ton with fund drive supposedly in
aid of "the handicapped"
The Commissioner, who had no
connection with the campaign,
caused police investigation to be
made AS a result, the organization
aims and deeds.
But prosecution, as in virtually all
similar cases. was useless. Accord
ing to Corporation Counsel Vernon
E. West, under present law, phony
charity outfits are liable to a charge
of false pretenses.
Intent Is lmportont
But here the question of "intent"
is raised. AS long as the charity"
donates some part of its take-no
matter how small-to the needy, a
conviction is almost an impossibility.
So last week Commissioner Dono-
hue proposed bill setting up con-
trolls over all charitable organiza-
tions. A similar measure was de-
feated on the Senate floor in 1941.
Mr.. West currently is going over
the bill, which among other things
provides for registration of all char
tiles and a full statement of income
and disbursements. After he is fin
ished. the bill will be handed to the
House District Committee.
Complaints about phony charities
fill several folders in the office of Mrs.
S. P. Muchmore, assistant director
of the Better Business Bureau in
Washington.
The racketeers' total take" aver
ages each year about half of what
the Community Chest asks" accord
ing to Mrs. Muchmore Current goal
of the Community Chest campaign
is about 81 million. SO about So mil
lion yearly "is tossed into the gutter
Evening star., 1951-10-07

by well-meaning givers" to quote Mrs.
Muchmore.
TypieoI Pottem
Charity racketeers use a number
of different angles, but the pattern
is usually the same in most cases.
Always there is that tiny grain of
truth in bushel of misrepresenta-
ton.
For example. there is the boat ride
racket. In this, perhaps a handful
of convaleScent war veterans are
actually taken on trip. In return,
the promoters sell huge blocks of
tickets and net a tidy profit on the
sympathetic project of aiding war
veterans.
According to the Better Business
Bureau. both Walter Reed and Mount
Alto Hospitals discourage such pro-
motions and say such rides are
neither necessary nor desired.
Similar rides are promoted for the
benefit of Handicapped groups" In
one such caper. respectable organ
ization for the care of the handi-
capped was offered 500 for the
use of its name plus 200 free tickets,
with the understanding that the pro-
moters would get all proceeds from
other ticket sales plus receipts of
advertising.
The organization checked up with
the Better Business Bureau and as
a result gave the promoters a fiat
no"
Church Directory Rocket
The church directory racket is an
other promotion advised against by
the Better Business Bureau. In this,
prospective advertisers are shown a
dummy of the proposed directory and
the implication is given that the
church is officially Sanctioning the
deal and will benefit.
When the directory comes out, usu-
ally incomplete as to information, it
bears a protective" notation to the
effect that the church is not itself
involved in the deal at all. But by
this time the ads have been sold.
From time to time churches" with
high-fown names spring into being
for fund-collecting purposes. One
such church" was revealed to con-
siSt of one room in a private house,
with the householder comprising
pastor, choir, vestry and congrega-
ton.
Polio outbreaks are a signal for
racketeers posing as polio victims to
Evening star., 1951-10-07

agreement with the West about the
future OF Germany?
There are two schools Of thought
about this. Many Germans, and the
vast majority of Allied observers in
this country, feel that 1t is all part
OF a clever propaganda campaign
Grotewohl. these quarters say, went
as far as he did because he felt sure
his proposal would be turned down
anyway, Bonn being already too
deeply engaged with the West.
Pamphlet Rumor
In support of this theory a story
is going round that there exists at
Leipzig store Of 2 million pamph-
lets berating Adenauer for refusing
GroteWohl's outstretched hand. These
leaflets, the story goes, were printed
before Grotewohl made public his
offer, and they now will have to be
pulped after Adenauers unexpected,
If conditional. acceptance.
On the other hand there is an
equally widespread and growing be-
lief among the German public and
in the press that Grotewohl's over
lures this time are sincerely meant
to the extent that they reflect a
Russian willingness to pay almost
any price for the one thing they
want above all-the naturalization of
Germany.
GrotewohlS Socialist Unity Party"
would almost certainly be swept out
OF power If free elections were held
in the East. Red Eastern Germany
would collapse and the iron curtain
would be pushed back to Poland and
Czechoslovakia.
The proof of a pradestined Red de-
feat in free elections ''es in the fact
that thousands each ar risk their
lives to flee the East + ich. These
refugees bring with them such dark
tales that even those West Germans
who lose no love over the democra-
cies hate-and what is more, fear
the Communists even more They
would flock to the polls to slap down
a Red power bid.
Heavy Price for Reds
This would be a heavy-but not
exorbitant-price for the Russians.
AS long as they can get an inter-
national agreement neutralizing Ger
many and preventing the resurrec-
tion of German military power for
long time to come, the Russians
are believed willing to sacrifice their
German satellite state.
But would the Soviets respect a
united, democratic, neutral and dis
armed Germany that is simply not
hostile to Russia? Optimists point
to Finland, which for a number of
years has been able to preserve its
democratic way of life on the very
doorstep of Soviet totalitarianism.
Pessimists point to the fate of
CZechoSlovakia.
1t is certain that the Grotewohl
offer has a tremendous appeal to
the average German. The fact that
Adenauer at first meant to brush
it of and then almost overnight
changed his mind toward accept
ance, at least in principle, attests
to the power of public opinion in
this matter.
Typical of this pressure is an edi-
torial prominently displayed in the
latest issue of the influential news
magazine, Der Spiegel. Quoting Ade-
nauer's repeated assurance that Ger
man unity is one of his primary aims,
the editorial asks: "And what chance
have we of ever regaining the eastern
zone If not by horsetrading with
the Soviets? Or do we want another
world war? Or maybe we should wait
for the Russians to pull out under
pressure from the free and peace
loving nations? We're afraid the
chancellor wouldn't live to see that
happen. :"
Evening star., 1951-10-07
Even the Atomic Bomb Can't Foze q Blond

An atom bombs heat is so intense,
DR.. Buettner says, that a fair
skinned person stands the best chance
Evening star., 1951-03-02
Howard {. Waldo, "a;
Army Civil Engineer

Howard Cleland Waldo, "a, civil
engineer in the Army Quarter
master Corps Memorial Division,
died Monday at Fort Myers, Fla,
it was learned here today.
Mr.. Waldo had been on leave
since September because of illness.
He lived at 1927 East Falkland
lane, Silver Spring.
The engineer, who was as
signed to the memorial branch,
was responsible for the overall
expansion, repair and remodeling
of the national cemeteries in the
Northeast area of the United
States.
He was born in Detroit and
attended the University of Gin
cinnati and the University of
Michigan. He was a member of
the engineering staff of General
Motors Corp. for IL years.
Mr.. Waldo later worked for the
Southern Industries and Utilities
Corp.
For many years he was active
here in church work and was an
elder of the Sixth Presbyterian
Church.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Helen K. Waldo; a son, Willis H.
Waldo; sister, and two brothers.
Funeral services will be held at
2 pm. Wednesday in Detroit.
Evening star., 1951-03-02
Edwin 6. Watson, s.;
Son Of Late Senator
WAS Mining Engineer

Edwin G.. Watson, Sc, mining
engineer and son Of the late Sen
ator James E. Watson, Senate Re
publican leader during President
Hoover's administration. died last
night at his home in the Kennedy
Warren Apartments. He had suf-
fered high blood pressure for some
time.
Mr.. Watson was brought here
as an infant when his father was
elected to the House in 1895. His
father served in the House until
1909, filled a vacancy in the Sen
ate in 1916 and held that post
until 1888. He died at 83 in
July, 194S.
The younger Mr.. Watson was
born in Rushville. Ind, and was
graduated from DePauw Univer-
sity. Greencastle. Ind. In World
War I he served with the Army
in France, remaining in the serv-
ice as an infantry captain until
1925.
He then returned here and had
made this city his home since
then. During his engineering ca
reer he worked in silver and cop
per mines in Colorado and Nevada.
He also was in Chicago for some
time
Mr.. Watson was a Mason and
a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fra
ternity.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Mary H. Watson; two brothers.
Joseph c. Watson. 2231 Bancroft
place NV, and James E. Watson,
jr., of Chicago, and a sister, Mrs.
Ernest A. Gross of Long Island.
Funeral services will be held at
2 pm. tomorrow in Gawler's
Chapel, 1855 Pennsylvania avenue
NV. Private burial will be Mon
day in Arlington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1951-03-02
Private Rites Set Tomorrow
For C.. Powell Minnigerode
Director Emeritus of
Corcoron Art Gallery
internationally Known

Private funeral services will be
held tomorrow for C. Powell Min
nigerode, IA, director emeritus
of the Corcoran Gallery of Art,
who died yesterday in his home
at 1912 Twenty-fourth street NV.
Burial will be in the family
plot in Oak Hill Cemetery. The
family requests that no flowers be
sent, in accordance with Mr.. Min
nigerode's wishes.
internationally known in the
world of art, Mr. Minnigerode
first started working with the
gallery So years ago as a $3-a-
week clerk-messenger. He went
there just as a boy who wanted
job, not driven by any artistic
inclinations.
Growing up in the gallery
and with the gallery, whose doors
were first opened to the public
in 1874-Mr. Minnigerode de-
cided to make it his career. He
rose to the position of assistant
director in 1904. In 1915, he
was elected a member of the
board of trustees, became its sec
retary and was named director
to succeed the late Frederick
B. Mcclure, the. gallery's first
director.
Glover Praises Actions.
Charles c. Glover. jr., president
of the Board of Trustees at Cor
coran, said today: 'Mr. Minnige-
rode was one of my dearest friends
for the last 40 years.
I'm his passing the Corcoran
Gallery of Art has suffered very
great loss. The art world will
always remember Mr.. Minnigerode
as a very great gentleman. an able
administrator and beloved friend
of all artists. His aid and kindly
advice was available at all times
to the struggling young artist.
Recognition of his outstanding
ability as a museum director was
shown by his reelection to a Sec
ond term as president of the Asso-
citation of Art Museum Directors y
Given New Post in 1947.
Mr.. Minnigerode resigned as di-
rector in January, 1947. and was
elected to the newly created post
of director emeritus. He also
was director of the Riggs Ma
tional Bank.
He had been confined to his
home since early last fall. His
wife, the former Miss Esther Cor
don. daughter of the man for
whom Gordon Junior High School
is named. died last May.
Born in St. Louis while his par
ents were living there tempo
rarily, Mr.. Minnigerode lived his
early life in Alexandria. His
father was Charles Minnigerode.
who served as aide-de-camp to
Gen. Robert E. Lee and before
that, as a Confederate officer
from Virginia in Fitzhugh Lees
Cavalry.
Evening star., 1951-03-02
Kenneth 5. Wales, S.;
Was Widely Known
In Investment Field

Kenneth S. Wales. SIS. Wash
ington investment broker. died
yesterday at Suburban Hospital.
He lived in the Pooks Hill Apart
ments, Bethesda.
Widely known in financial
circles here for 80 years. Mr.,
Wales had been member OF
the Washington Stock Exchange
since 1882, except during period
in World War II when he served
as Navy lieutenant commander
For many years he headed the
K. S. Wales & Co., investments,
with Offices at 821 Fifteenth
street NV.
Mr.. Wales. a veteran of both
World Wars, was born in Yonkers,
N. Y. He attended Lawrenceville
Preparatory School and was grad
uated from Princeton University
in 1917. In World War I he
served with the Army Air Corps
Mr.. Wales began selling stocks
and bonds here in 1920 and was
associated with Bonbright, &
Co., members of the New York
Stock Exchange. before establish
ing his own firm.
He was a past president of both
the Bond Club and the District
Society of Sons of the American
Revolution. He belonged to the
Mayflower Society and the Metro
politan and Chevy Chase Clubs
Surviving are a daughter, Mrs
N. H. Shacklett of Bethesda; a
son, Air Force First 1t. Kenneth
S. Wales, jr., now stationed in
Hawaii, and his mother, Mrs
MIME Wales of Washington.
Funeral arrangements are not
complete.
Evening star., 1951-03-02


the early 1880s when the horse
drawn truck he was driving over
turned on the way to a fire, pin
ming him beneath it. It was the
custom at that time to strap
the driver to the seat. After Mr..
Daniels death, District firemen did
away with the seat straps.
Mr.. Daniels was retired from
the Bureau of Engraving and
Printing in 1899 after more than
20 years service.
Prior to that time, he had been
employed as a fireman for the
B. & o. railroad until August g.
1912 when he suffered severe in
juries to both legs after being
trapped more than an hour in
locomotive wreck.
After his retirement, Mr.. Daniels
travelled extensively throughout
the United States, Canada, Alaska
and Bermuda.
He was a n1elOng resident OF
Northeast Washington and lived
for the last Is years at the home
of a sister, Mrs. Ida Dodson, 524
Tennessee avenue NE.
Mr.. Daniels was a member OF
the Keane Council, No. 353
knights of Columbus; a member
of the Holy Name Society and at
tended the Holy Name Catholic
Church, Eleventh and K streets
NE.
Besides Mrs. Dodson, he leaves
another sister, Mrs. Catherine M
Bouic of Martinsburg, w. Va.
Funeral services will be held at
9 a m. tomorrow at the Holy Name
Catholic Church. Burial will be
in Glenwood Cemetery.