davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-02-05
HopeweII Man Who Slew
7 Women Dies Of Injuries

HOPEWELL, Va, Feb. 5.-Po-
lice today wrote off the case of
the shotgun Staying of two women
and a man as double murder and
suicide.
Grady Ledford, who police say
scribbled a note of his guilt on a
cardboard box after turning a
shotgun on himself. died yester-
day in a Richmond hospital about
"a hours after the shootings.
Mrs. Fannie Kendrick, %, and
Mrs. Louise McDiarmid, 35, were
killed instantly early Saturday
when they were struck by shot
gun charges as they entered the
home here of Mrs. McDiarmid's
parents, with whom both lived.
A 32-year-old machine operator
at the Hercules Powder Co. here,
Ledford shot himself. walked five
blocks with part of his face blown
off and then wrote the note ad-
mitting he shot the women, police
said.
Police said Ledford apparently
became angered after Mrs. Ken
drick, divorced mother of a 81
year-old son, broke off relations
with him after the two had dated
regularly for some time.
Evening star., 1951-02-05
ernment hundreds of millions of
dollars each year."

ernment hundreds Of millions of
dollars each year."
3. An examination of the mat
ter of taxing co-operativeS, mu-
tual savings banks and building
and loan associations.
4. Development of more salts
factory and productive taxation
of insurance companies.
S. Possible taxation of securi-
ties now exempt. such as those
issued by State and municipal
governments.
6. Revision and strengthening
Of estate and gift taxes which, the
secretary said. would contribute
to our revenue"
The proposed tax program
would bring to more than $65 bill
lion the amount of Federal taxes
as compared with highest total
World War II collection of SAB
billion in 1945.
AS Mr.. Snyder testified renewed
demands were voiced in Congress
for trimming President Truman S
proposed $71.6 billion budget for
the fiscal year starting July /.
While there was no doubt ex-
pressed for the need for raising
more money for the defense pro-
gram perhaps as much as $40
billion-the lawmakers insisted
that the budget should be dras-
tically trimmed in the domestic
and civilian requests.
Numerous influential members
of both the House and Senate are
reported wanting to delay any tax
bill until Congress attempts to
slash the budget figures we'll be-
low the amount asked by Mr..
Truman. Senator Taft of Ohio.
chairman of the Senate Republi-
can Policy Committee, and Sena-
tor Byrd. Democrat, of Virginia
have denounced "piecemeal" ap-
proach to raising new revenue as
proposed by the administration.
For this reason there are strong
indications that Congress will not
go along with the Presidents re-
quest for quick legislation to raise
$40 billion with additional reve-
nue. to be provided later.
Representative Martin of Mas
Evening star., 1951-02-05
Gray Hairs Don't
Win Promotions!

Do something about your gray hair. Use Kolor-
Bak. Just put few drops on your comb each
morning Grayness disappears 90 gradually, your
best friends don't notice it. To maintain effect
continue using Kolor-Bak when necessary.
Money back guarantee. Get bottle today.
Evening star., 1951-02-05
7 uxes
Continued From First Page,

brackets" which have the con-
centration of overall income.
Under the proposed administra-
ton schedule single persons would
pay substantially higher taxes
than they did during World War
II. However, married people,
owing to the income-splitting pro-
visions authorized since the war,
would pay less.
Would Revise Splitting Plan.
Mr.. Snyder took note of this
and suggested the House COM
mittee study the question of
modifying the income splitting
provision.
The Secretary testified that an
increase from Is to 3712 per cent
in the capital gains levy would be
in line with a As per cent in
crease in individual taxes voted
last year and proposed now. He
added that the present six months
holding period for taking ad-
vantage of the long term capital
gains rate should be increased "as
a minimum" to a year.
The proposed corporation tax
increases would hit $4,000 firms.
Mr.. Snyder said the increase of
8 percentage points in the cor
poration rates would hit mostly
at the larger concerns. Only per
cent of the proposed revenue from
this source. he explained, would
come from 281,0 900 corporations
with profits less than 5000,
while corporations with profits
more than 100000 would pay
80 per cent of the total.
Corporation Income Changes.
On corporate incomes Mr..
Snyder proposed an increase in
rate on the first $25,000 of in
come from as per cent to 80 per
cent and the general rate ap-
plicable to income in excess of
$4,000 from At to IS per cent.
On income subject to an excess
profits tax. the Secretary added,
the combined maximum rate would
rise from II per cent to IS per
cent.
The proposed SO billion increase
in corporation taxes, Mr.. Snyder
testified, would bring the total
liability Of. corporations to $24.5
billion. or "about 81 per cent of
estimated profits" This, he added,
would leave about SIT billion avail
able for dividends and expansions
on the basis of estimated earnings
for the next fiscal year.
Other Tax Suggestions.
In addition to the specific in
creases recommended, Mr.. Snyder
recommended:
/. Congress explore the posi-
bility of applying a withholding
tax on dividends paid by corpora
tions and interest payments to in
dividuals.
2. Less preferential treatment
for the oil and mining industries
which. he said. is costing the Gov
Evening star., 1951-02-05
FairchiId Pickets 10 Open
Lines for Air Force Paris
Nv the Assaeiaied Press

HAGERSTOWN, Md, Feb. s.
The Air Force today was to haul
out vitality needed replacement
parts for cargo planes in Korea
from the strike-bound Fairchild
Aircraft division.
E. T. Michael, president of Local
842, UAW-CIO, said the pickets
will open their lines for the first
time as the strike enters it's fifth
week today.
Mr.. Michael said the agreement
came after a meeting with 1t. Col.
S. E. Cleveland. Air Force officer
stationed at the Fairchild plant
here. Col. Cleveland reported the
parts were required to keep Clio
Packet planes flying In Korea and
in this country.
Evening star., 1951-02-05

Children are most attracted to
films in which child actors ap-
pear, according to a survey made
in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Evening star., 1951-02-05
Last Federal Witness
In Remington Trial
Tells Of Air Figures
BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Feb. 5.-The
prosecution rested today in the
William w. Remington perjury
trial, after a final Government
witness linked Remington's war;
time work with aircraft produc-
ton figures.
4 The case is expected to 60 to
!. the jury in the next day or two
after the defense presents final
rebuttal testimony.
/; Last witness to appear for the
|. Government was a former War
Production Board employe. Will
liam Coates Nemeth, who pro-
duced records indicating Reming-
ton once worked on aircraft sta
tiSticS.
Remington, 33-year-old former
Commerce Department economist,
is charged with falsely swearing
he never was a Communist.
Miss Bentley Told of Figures.
Elizabeth Bentley, the former
Communist spy courier, a major
prosecution witness, has testified
Remington supplied her with data
for the Russians. including plane
production figures.
Remington has told the Federal
Jury he never handled such figures.
Mr.. Nemeth, an attorney from
Arlington, Va, said that I'M
1942-43 he supervised keeping of
records concerning activities of
the stats of a WPB planning
committee.
Remington worked on the COM
mittee.
Assistant United States Attor-
ney Roy M. Cohn read to the
Federal jury part of the records
kept by Mr.. Nemeth stating that
in early March, 1943, Remington
was working on aluminium sup
ply in relation to 81 require
ments."
That War Plane Output.
An earlier Government witness
described the "8L requirements"
as document showing war plane
production by types, companies,
factories and their ALLEGATION.
Mr.. Cohn read a statement by
Edwin A. Locke, jr., former as
sistant WPB chairman and now
a Chase National Bank vice presi- !
dent, saying that the document |
was lone of the most vital COL
lections of strategic information"
in the aircraft field and that the
information was "all classified and
forbidden to be shared with any,
body outside the WPB."
Evening star., 1951-02-05
$3.50 Russians Here
Outnumber All Other
Language Groups

Native-born Russians out
number all other foreign
language groups in Washing
ton.
The $3.50 Russian born, a
planning report disclosed
today, constituted .72 per cent
of the city's foreign language
colony in 1910. Next in order
came 5,470 Italians and 4,482
Germans.
Discounting languages, how
ever. a total of 1927 British
born led all alien natives in
the National Capital. The
foreign born were 4.52 per
cent of the total population.
Evening star., 1951-02-05
Puerto Ricon TriuI Put OFF

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico, Feb. S
P.-The trial of Nationalist
Leader Pedro Albizu Campos on
charges arising from last October's
bloody Puerto Rican revolt was
postponed today until Wednesday.
The court scheduled to hear the
case is tied up with another
matter.
Evening star., 1951-02-05
Israel in Cabinet Crisis

TEL AVN, Israel. Feb. 5 (R.-
Israel appeared today to be on the
verge of a cabinet crisis brought
on by growing economic tensions,
heightened last night by union
leaders decision to call a 30-min-
ute token strike by 100000 mem
bers of Histadrut Usrael trade
union) in sympathy with 1900
locked-out metal workers. The
time of the strike is expected to be
announced soon.
Evening star., 1951-02-05
Mrs. Rosenberg Urges
Quick Passage Of UNIT
BY the Assoeioted Press

PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 5.-Anna
M. Rosenberg, Assistant Defense
Secretary, urges swift enactment
of universal military training
program even though 'it will re-
quire the setting aside of many
Of our comfortable ways
She said last night: THE time
has come when we must put en-
during steel in the shining armol
of our great intentions.
Mrs. Rosenberg told a gathering
OF 1000 that UNIT would place
''our defense program on a per-
manent. common sense basis
and that it would make "a major
contribution to the realization OF
our peaceful purposes"
She spoke at the 18th ami
versary observance of the Young
Mems and Young Women's He
brew Association of Philadelphia.
Evening star., 1951-02-05
Comparative Tax Burden

This table compares the tax
liability of a married couple with
two dependents when all the in
come is owned by one spouse. The
income figures are net income
after deductions but before per-
sonal exemptions of $500 per
person:
Evening star., 1951-02-05
Whisky Would Cost
Around 81 a Bottle
More With New Tax
BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Feb. 5.-How much
would liquor prices go up if the
$3-a-gallon tax increase requested
today by Secretary of the Treasury
Snyder becomes law?
Trade authorities estimated the
retail price increase on fifth"
size bottle of alcoholic liquor at
Sc proof would amount to about
IS cents. assuming normal busi-
ness profit margins are main
tanned. Many leading blends of
whisky are in this proof category.
Ninety-proof liquor, which in
cludes most gins, many straight
whiskys and some blends would
advance about SO cents fifth.
Hundred-proof liquor like bot
tled-in-bond whiskys and all i'm
ported liquors including Scotch
and imported brandy (Which are
not taxed on a proof basis) would
advance about $1.10 a fifth.
Evening star., 1951-02-05

Native servants are paid So a
month and food rations-in Ra-
baul, New Guinea.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

Baptist church met Monday, May
IA at s p, m. az the church.
The Senior choir Of St Peter
AME church will meet at the par
sonage Friday evening, May Is at
s p. m. All members are urged 10
please be present,
MIR, Prince Tyler. 1908 Emerson
Ave. No. left the city Thursday
May 10 for Atlanta. Ca. Mr.. Tyler
will be out of the city until
Thursday, May -, while on his
vacation.
Mrs. Nellie Boyd. 723 Olson
Highway. arrived in the city We'd
nesday afternoon, May 10. from
the Glen Lake Sanitarium to
spend a few hours visiting Mrs.
G. w. Mcconnell, 5l2 Colfax Ave.
No.
The Hattie Dyer Circle met at
the home OF Mrs. c. c. Underwood
1912 Clinton, Thursday, May II
Mr.. and Mrs. william Mccoy.
go Carroll Ave. are the proud
parents OF an eight pound baby
boy born at St. Joseph hospital
Sunday May Is. The parents
named the boy Charles yelling
ton.
Mrs. Nellie Walker, 1915 Fourth
Ave. So. is confined to her home
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

The NespeF hour of Border
church will have a miscellaneous
program Sunday, May 20, at 6
p. m. Solos will be sung by the
choir members. Mrs. Carrie Will
hams, director.
MIR. and Mrs. Freddie Cyprian.
S54 Bryant Ave. No. have as their
house guest, Mr.. Palmerlee Fisher
Of Independence. Kansas.
Miss Vera Jenkins and Mrs
Mary Lee of New Orleans, La.
were the housegucsts of Mrs. Mar
garet Kelly, 942 Bryant Ave. No.
for two days. Miss Jenkins and
Mrs. Lee left the city Thursday.
May II on their return trip home.
Mrs. Sadie Fisher, 40 Hyland
Ave. No, left the city Wednesday.
May Is for Memphis, Tenn. to
attend the funeral services OF her
sister. Mrs. Molly Maxwell. Mrs.
Fisher plans to return TO the
city Sunday, May 20.
Mrs. =. Anderson, Sioux Falls,
S. D., arrived in the city Saturday.
May IL TO spend Mothers Day
with her daughter and family
Mrs. A. Tate, 1856 Fourth Ave.
So. Mrs. Anderson's stay in the
city is indefinite.
The Friendship club OF Zion
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

There are no second string men on this team.
It's all american! It's the combined might for
right of every race and creed and color. Its all
Americas concerted action giving expression to
an unyielding determination to defend the des-
tiny which our lorefathers planned for. prayed
for and died for but CREATED!
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

and bed with illness, Mrs. Walker
Is under the doctors care.
The Congregational church of
God in Christ started its revival
Tuesday. May II. Mrs. oleviR
Lewis and Mrs Anna Mcconnell,
missionaries, Rev. c. w. Neon
nell pastor.
Miss Gloria brown, S749 Fourth
Ave. So, returned to the city
Monday evening, May II from
Des Moines, Iowa, after spending
four days visiting her mother,
Mrs. William Ashby and family.
The Senior choir OF Zion Baptist
church will have a request pro-
gram Sunday. May %. Everyone
is invited to come and hear your
favorite songs,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

Advertisers Here ore Community Friends
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18
JANE MOSS WORKS FOR
IOWA CREDIT UNION

Jane Moss. daughter OF Mr.. and
Mrs. Harvey Moss, 1904 46th Ave
So, Minneapolis, has been EN-
ployed as II bookkeeper with the
First Iowa Credit Union Associa-
ton at Dies Moincs. Iowa, for a
year.
In her spare time she serves as
circulation director of the 10 week
old Iowa Sepla News, latest
journalistic venture in the capital
city of Iowa.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18
Timothy E0sOR. 10. Speaks
A. OpRimlS1 Club luncheon

Timothy Eason. ten year old son
OF Mrs, Marguerite EaSon, SCI
nth Ave. No, was a participant
in a preliminary speech contest
sponsored by the optimiSt club at
their luncheon meeting Tuesday,
May IS, in the RadiSSon hotel.
He made an exceptionally good
presentation Of his subject, ''Chal.
lenge 10 Youth" and WAS given
fishing rod as u token of APP
probation.
Timothy is in the NTH grade at
Grant school and competed with
two boys who are sophomores in
high school,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18
WHELAN NAMED GENERAL
MANAGER OF FARMINGTON
AUTO RACES PARK

Pat Whelan, well known Min.
ncapolitan has been named VICE
president and general manager Of
Auto Sports Attractions at Far
mington. MINI.
Auto racing. wrestling and
dancing Is on tap at the park
every Sunday afternoon. Pat said
he will be glad to see his friends
who motor down to Pennington
for the fun.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

Mr.. and Mrs. CORTLAND Bell,
1871 Rondo Ave. are the proud
parents Of a baby girl born Mon
day. May at st. Josephs hos
pital. The baby weighed five
pounds, nine ounces at birth. The
maternal grandparents are Mr..
and Mrs. Patton Robinson. 272
Rondo Ave. and the paternaI
grandparents are Mr.. and Mrs.
Budd Bell, 1895 Kent st.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18
T0keS First Place
In Speech Contest

Miss Gomez Chivers, daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs. c. G. Chivers, 4OI7
Clinton recently placed FIRST in a
verse reading contest sponsored
by 2eta. n speech sorority Of the
University OF Minnesota.
A junior in the Arts college,
Miss ChiverS read poems from the
works of LanGston Hughes. Negro
poet. They We're Dream VariA-
ton" The Negro Speaks OF The
River" and Song for A Banjo
Dance"
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18
MOTHERS DAY TEA GIVEN
BY GOSPEL CLEFS

A Mothers Day tea was given
by the Gospel Clefs Of the Twin
cities last Sunday. The affair was
held at the home OF Mrs. Primith
Cook. 1928 Portland Ave, from 3
to 7 p. m. II was well attended
by mothers, They were Mines
Mamie Battles, Addie Burress.
Fannie Thomas, Hattie Burke.
Betty Houston, all of Minneapo-
lis and Mines. Leila Lewis and
Bertha Anderson OF st. Paul. All
mothers were presented with
roses. Special guests were two
musical groups. the Rising Sons"
and the Royal Jubileers.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18
SOCIAL & PERSONAL
MINNEAPOLIS

MIS- Janet Sims Gomez and Mrs Weller White Stone re,
turned to the city Monday night May a. from Camp McCny
Wis., after a weekend visit with their husbands -
Mr. and Mrs Hollis Dillon 9l4 Bryant Ave No. have As
he mouse guests their daughter and granddaughter Mrs
LeOnore Carson and daughter, Karen
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

Goodwill fragile orchid precious
gold nugget but hard powerful giant turbine
but difficult build youth hard 10 keep
RAJ mORdNtIe CTcNRsl ChrOniCE
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1951-05-18

You're on Old Timer II you remember when you
girl II the Grl tasted (OhIol Buckeye
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1951-09-22

On Tuesday evening, Sept IL Mr. and
Mrs. Ernest Scott of 515 Fairfax Ave,
were the host and hostess at bon Voy-
age Party" in honor of their nephew Rob-
ert Bailey, III, son of Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Bailey, Jr. of S24 Loudon Ave-, who is
sailing for Birmingham, England to study
Sociology.
Those enjoying the gala affair were
Mr.. and Mrs. George Bailey, Jr., Mr.. and
Mrs. Harrison Hale, Jr., Mr.. and Mrs.
Grafton Mitchell, Misses Patricia Tyler,
Arnesia Keeling, Geraldine Williams and
Rolanda Sydnor; Messrs Wilbur Hilton,
Alfred Spencer Albert Dupree, B u d d y
Davis, Sylvester Hinton, Louis Downing
and Henry Fomby of Chicago.
Prizes were won in bridge by Miss Ar
nesia Keeling, in whist by Miss Patricia
Tyler, and in pinochle by Mr. Harrison
Hale Jr The honoree was showered with
many useful gifts by the guests.
Mrs Sedonia Alexander, two daughters.
Miss Claudia Alexander and Mrs. FrieGa
Bourgeois and son, Joseph, motored TIC
Cleveland, Ohio over the weekend. They
visited their son and brother, Mr.. Emory
Alexander, who has been working there
through the summer months and attending
Western Reserve University. Mr.. Alexan-
der returned Wednesday to Miami UNI
versity in Oxford, Ohio, where he will re,
,sume his studies as sophomore.
Enroute to Cleveland the motor party
stopped over in Mrs. Alexanders home
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1951-09-22

Pvt. Mckinley Hopkins Of Indian Town
Gap, Pa, has returned from visit with
his mother, Mrs Owen Hopkins and fam
lily Of Gilmer Ave-, N. W. He is. now sta
toned at Camp Kilmer, N J.
Mr.. Robert Preston entertained with a
birthday party in honor of his wife, Mrs.
Barbara Jean Preston The honoree was
the recipient of many useful and beaut-
full gifts.
=
Mrs. j. B. Terry of Eighth street, N. W..
spent Monday of last week in Norfolk Wis
iting friends. She reports that her trip was
most enjoyable one.
Mrs. Walter Pitchett and children spent
a few days in Roanoke as house guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. Allen Terry on Eighth ST.,
N. w.
town, Fayetteville, w. Va, where they
visited Mrs. Alexander's sisters, Misses
Pearl, Rebecca and Gladys Rotan. They
returned to Roanoke early Tuesday NOR
ming elated over their short but highly en-
ioyed trip.
Mrs Dorothy Hampton and Miss Geral-
dine Francis have returned home from
their vacation. They report wonderful
time spent with relatives and friends in
New York, Pittsburgh and Washington,
d. C.
The Pastors Aid of the Hill st Rantlst
Church will present the Sunset Gospel
Singers of Danville, Va, Sunday afternoon,
Sept g. at 8 o'clock. The public is invited.
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1951-09-22
Roanoke Society News


Roanoker Making Good I'm Toledo, Ohio
'The Bronze Raven" an Ohio weekly,
says, Miss Catherine Payne has recently
come to Toledo, Ohio and is now an As
ISOLATION resident. H II occupation is a
rather unusual one. She is professional
window trimmer from Roanoke, Va. Miss
and Mrs. Ethel Payne on Gilmer avenue,
n E. She is a member of the Mt. Zion
AME Church there.
While in Roanoke, her hometown, Miss
Payne was quite active in the Business and
Professional Club of the Lula Williams
Branch YWCA and the Victorians, young
social set
Miss Payne is now employed in To-
ledo store (Millers), and is much on de-
mand by other store proprietors. She is
already doing three extra jobs. Yet she
finds time to do the prescribed course at
the Laingon Commercial (SchooD Art Stu
do
Mr.. and Mrs S. G. Roberts of Gilmer
Ave., N. W. entertained as house guests.
Mr.. and Mrs. R. F. Beard of Cleveland,
Ohio, last week at their home The follow
ing were guests at this very lovely affair
Mr.. and Mrs. C. F. Houchins, Mr. and
Mrs. E. C. Burton, Mr.. and Mrs. yelling
ton Thorpe, Mr.. and Mrs. Oliver Taylor
Mr.. Rip Petibb, Mrs. Wade Jeffreys, Mrs
Mickie Atkins, Mrs Mickie Davis, Mrs
Vivian Logan, Mr.. and Mrs. Douglas Nc
Afee of Detroit, Mrs Bessie Hall, Miss
Audrey McCray and Mr.. James Whitlock
The Tribune. [volume] (Roanoke, Va.) 1951-19??, 1951-09-22

As an answer to many in
quiries concerning the name
HORICO, this explanation is
being made. Horico, fam
lily name, was derived from
the names of three genera
tons: Howard, Riddick and
Cooper, who for 80 years
owned the place of it's origin.
Ho ri CO Kindergarten is
taught by M RS. Louise K.
Cooper, on Landlord avenue,
and children from 3 1-2 to
5 years of age are taught the
fundamentals of pre-school
activities.
Mrs. Cooper is happy to
welcome the following chil-
dren for this session:
Antonio v. Aston, Linda
E. Annette, Leroy A. Banks,
Robert c. Banks, Geraldine
E. Birdsong, Peggy Brown,
Roy l.. Carter, Hasting l.
Coles, III, Carolyn M. Dob
son, Robert l.. Douglas, Gil
ria j. Payne, Joyce Field,
Charles D. Fowler, III, Caro-
lyn Hughes, Charles jack
son, French T. Jackson, Dor
aid E. Martin, Richard Mar
lowe, Marcia E. Payne, Rod
ney l.. Robinson, Booker r..
Reaves, Jr. Yvonne Simms,
Va e ria H. Spinner and
James w. Swift.