davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-01-03
Goren on Bridoe

NORTH.
AKJ105
2J1094
NAK10
@96
WEST. EAST
a AAQ86432
HQJ64 n85
&87532 &KJ4
SOUTH.
A97
VAKQ5
H9732
%AQ10
The actual bidding:
South West North East
1f1eart Pass 3hearts 3spades
4hearts Pass Pass Pass
Opening lead, three of clubs.
Various bids at contract have had
their enthusiastic proponents. But
the most subtle and perhaps the
most interesting of calls has been
peculiarly neglected. refer, of
course, to the pass. Most players
can be taught the management of
various artificial conventions; many
acquire the ability to execute coups
and end plays, but few ever learn
the gentle strategy of silence.
The pass has come to denote
confession of weakness. But it need
not be so. The pass has many
versions. 1t may be the act of one
who lies in ambush, waiting for the
enemy to make false step. 1t may
be the act of player who is con-
ferring upon partner the courtesy
Of letting him make the final de-
cision. In some cases 1t may
actually be the strongest call in
contract, namely, the forcing pass.
To illustrate, visualize the situa-
ton In which you have bid six
spades. Your right-hand opponent
has made a sacrifice bid of seven
clubs. A pass by you is the strong
est type of action, inasmuch as it
indicates a willingness to have
partner contract for a grand slam
If you are not interested in a grand
slam you would double the op-
ponents yourself.
In today's hand South missed
the bus. He played the hand at a
game in hearts, handled the dunn
my very well and succeeded in
making five-odd, which pleased
him no end. Speaking in terms of
lost opportunities, he had tossed
away the tidy sum of $50 points,
for a Hotpoint set was there for
the asking. Should South have
doubled the three-spade bid? 4
think not But South had nothing
to lose and everything to gain by
passing the bid of three spades
Responder had made a jump bid,
so both partners were uncondi-
tionally obligated to go to game
Cor collect the equivalent in tariff.
South's pass would not have been
q confession of weakness. 1t would
merely announce: Partner, I am
giving you the courtesy of the road.
You may wish to bid three no
trump, or you may think it profit
able to double the enemy. II
neither of these ideas appeals to
you, it will be incumbent upon you
to bid four hearts"
When the ree-spade bid got
round to North, he would not have
had a difficult decision on his
hand. A penalty of more than the t
value of game was clearly in sight
and the double would have been
routine Silence, once again, would
have proven to be golden.
(Copyright, 1851, by Charles H. Goren.) |
Evening star., 1951-01-03
Word Come
Find SO or more words in
PSYCHOLOGY

meaning, "the science which
treats of the mind" Average is 81;
limit, 25 minutes.
/ Rules-words must be of four or more
letters Words which acquire four letters
BY the addition Of IS" such as bats
cats are not used. Only one form Of 2
word Is used Proper names are not used
A list will be published tomorrow.
Evening star., 1951-01-03
Snow Dumuqes Crops

TEHERAN, Iran (P. - Early
snow falls and unreasonable cold
in the Caspian area has caused
extensive damage to the crops of
oranges and other citrus fruits.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20
Ar pa1sti s. kra$ta?
Kas iinotina apie JAV-biu 48 valstybes

mia vieta uzima mesos pakavimo pra-
none. Pastaraisiais metals labai is
kilo zibalo pramone, esama ir ang-
lies. Oar valstybe turi cinko, cemento,
gipso ir druskos. sioje valstybeje yra
gimes gen. Eisenhoveris.
Kentucky ketvirtadali uzima
miskai. Pagrindine pramones saka -
anglis. Be to, gaminamas sementas,
asfaltas, auginamas tabakas, apdir-
bama medvilne. zemes lkis daugiau-
sia pajamu turf is tabako. zinomos
Tennessee Valley uztvankos. Daug
istoriniu vietu.
Louisiana siejama su daugeliu
istoriniu tradiciju. Valstybe yra pir-
maujanti cukraus, avieciu, ryziu ga
myboje ir paruosime. Kitos svarbios
sakos - medvilne, bulves, citraus
vaisiai, misko medziaga. Turf ketu-
rias is didziausiu pasauly druskos
kasyklu. IvairJs kailiai, pakrasciuose
sugaunamos zuvys - tai Wis valsty-
bes turtas. Ne paskutineje vietoje ir
spalvingi paprociai, paw. New Orleans
Mardi Gras (uzgaveniu) svente.
Maine = didziausia is sesiu Maui
josios Anglijos valstybiu. Atostogu
megiama vieta -. 1949 m. turizmas
dawes net 1875 mil. dol. pajamu. Geros
salygos zvejybai ir medzioklei. Tu-
redama 100000 akrp misku vals-
tybe gamma daug medic isdirbiniu:
nuo laivu ligi dainty krapstuku. Cia
parengiamos konservuotos melynes-
900 visq JAW. Auginami obuoliai,
kriauses, vistiena. Daug gaminama
batu ir tekstiles.
Maryland pramone sioje vals-
tybeje pralenke zemes uki. Dideles
laivu statyklos, lektuvu ir ju motoru
imones. Daug auginama tabako, kvie-
ciu, platus vistu ukis. Baltimore -
tarptautinis uostas, Annapolis -
JAW laivyno akademija.
Michigan - pasauly turf pirmau-
jancia vieta automobiliu ir ju daily
gamyboje. Kitos pramones sakos -
masinos, metalo ir cheminiai isdirbi-
Mai, maisto produktai, popierius, in
strumentai ir KIT. Esama dideliu drus-
kos istekliu. Smulkiu vaisiu metinis
surinkimo vidurkis - 100000 tonu.
Valstybe yra vienas didziuju turisti-
niu centru viduriniuose vakaruose -
metines kurortu pajamos - 400 mil.
dol. Detroit miestas - pasaulinis
automobiliu centras.
(B. d.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20
ELVYRA SIKSNIUTE
NUGALEJO STELLA WALSH
so YARDU BEGIME

Praejusi sekmadieni, rugsejo
16 d., Clevelando L. S. K. "zai-
has" surenge rudens lengvosios
atletikos rungtynes, kuriose be
"zaibo" lengvatleciu dalyvavo ir
Clevelando moteru klubas Olym-
pics, SUI garsiaja pasaulio rekor-
diste Stella Walsh, Buvo dar
laukta atvykstant daugiau lie
tuviu lengvatleciu is Chicagos
ir Detroito, bet, deja, nesulauk-
ia. a sa'Mx
Neziurint nepergausiausio da-
lyviu skaiciaus, varzybose buvo
pasiekta graziu pasekmiu. De-
mesio centre buvo musq rekor-
distes Elvyros S j ks n u t e s
rungtyniavimas su Ste la
w a s h so yardu ir 100 m.
begimuose. Cia E. siksniute pa
tieke staigmena nugaledama S.
Walsh SO yardq begime ir, pa
sekme 6,2 SEX, pasiekdama nau-
ja geriausia tremties pasekme.
Senoji buvo jos pacios GA SEX.
Tenka pastebeti, kad Lietuvoje
standartiniai begimu nuotoliai
yardais nebuvo praktikuojami ir
tokios rusies rekordai nebuvo
registruojami. Tremtyje ypatin-
gai anglosaksu krastuose, su
yardiniais nuotoliais prisieina
neisvengiamai susidurti, todel
musu lengvatleciu pasekmes
siuose nuotoliuose vertetu re-
gistruoti jei ne kaip Lietuvos
rekordus, tai bent kaip geriau-
sias Lietuvos pasekmes. 100 m.
begime E. Siksniute buvo pri-
versta nusileisti prizes Stella
Walsh istverme.
Antra geriausia tremties pa
sekme .pasieke jauniu klaseje
Algirdas Liutkevicius persokes
j augsti "6" Q,67,5 m.). Senoji
pasekme priklause jam paciam
= 1,62 M, pasiekta 1949 M,
Vokietijoje. Oar pazymetinas J.
Vodopalo 100 m. prabegimas per
11,3 SEX. Vertas demesio ir ta-
lentingasis jaunasis sprinteris
G. Motiejunas.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20

Illinois - didziausias mesos paka-
vino, skerdyklu centras JAW (Chi-
cagoje). Pirmauja traukiniu vagonu
ir ju irengimu gamyboje, vienas di-
dziqju spaudos GENTRY. Valstybeje yra
81 aukstoji mokykla, ju tarpe 80 ko-
ledzai ir universitetai. Daug istori-
niq vietu. Didziausias miestas - Chi
cago, uzimas antraja vieta JAV-se.
Indiana - didele pramones valsty-
be. Turf 200 ANGLES kasyklu (23 mil.
tonu). sesi is jos desimties gyventojq
dirba metalo pramoneje. Didziausi
plieno pramones central Gary,
Hammond, East Chicago. Pamidorp
auginimo srity po Californijos uzima
antraja vieta. 38 mokslo istaigos,
pasiekes 99R. sioje vals-
tybeje yra ir filatelistu megiama gar
81 Santa Claus paste istaiga.
Iowa - paciame JAW zemes lkio
kulturu centre, turf viena geriausiu
pasauly zemes rlsiu. Be jaw daug
auginama SOLOS pupu, bulviu, svogl-
nu, vynuogiu, persiku. Pramone ga
nina skalbimo masinas, vagonu iren-
gimus. Visose JAV-se didziausias ras.
tingumo nuosimtis - 99,2.
Kansas - pats geografinis JAV-bip
centras. Valstybe gamma zieminius
kviecius - ketvirtaja tautos atsargu
dali. zemes ukis gamma bulves, val
sius, pieno produktus, vistiena. zy-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20
DIDELE SPORTO sVENTE
Toronto

Spalio men. 27-28 d., Toronto
Lietuviu Sporto Klubas "Vytis"
ruosia didelio masto sportines
varzybas. Programme numatyta
krepsinis vyrams, tinklinis w.
rams ir moterims, ir stale tent
sas vyrams ir moterims. I sias
varzybas be 3 Kanados lietuviu
klubu - Toronto "Vyties", Ha-
miltono "Kovo" ir Montrealio
LSK, pakviesta dalyvauti ir 6
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20
RUDENS STALO TENISO
TURNYRAS

Spalio 81 d., LSK "zaibas"
rengia rudens stale teniso tur-
nyra. Programme vyru, ir mo-
teru vieneto ir dvejeto varzybos.
Sis turnyras taipogi bus klasifi-
kacinis nustatyti LSK "zaibo"
representations Toronto LSK
"Vyties" rengiamoje sporto
sventeje.
Stalo Teniso Sekcija
LSK ''ZaibO'>
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20
Techniskos pasekmes:

IecnnlSkOS pdSekmeS.
Vyrams: 100 NJ: J. Vodopalas
11,3 SEX, J. Bagdonas 11,9
SEX. I toll: J. Vodopalas
1922" (6,O3 n.y.. I augstl
J. Vodopalas 5'6' G67.5
junas 11,8 SEX, A. Barzdu-
kas 1878 SEX. I toll: A. Liut-
kevicius 1877" (5,66.5 N.Y..
I augsti: A. Liutkevicius
5'6" (1,67.5 n.y. CD, A.
N.Y..
Moterims: so yardu: E. Silks
Mute 6,2 SEX, Stella Walsh
6,2 SEX. 100 m.: Stella
Walsh 1914 SEX. (D, E. Silks
Mute 1876 SEX.
Jauniams: 100 m.: G.. Motto
Barzdukas 4'9".
Jaunuciams: I toll: M. Mo-
tiejunas 14'11" (4,55 n.y.,
R. Melsbakas 1877. Rutu-
lys e lbs.): G.. Barzdukas
31'5", r. Melsbakas 31'4".
Mergaitems: SO yardu: A.
Malcanaite 6,8 SEX, L. ia
nuleviciute 6,8 SEX. ! toll:
A. Malcanaite 12'7", J. Lai-
kunaite 12'. I toll is vietos: ::
N. zydaviciute 6'6", A. NAL
canaite GAP. Sviedinukus !:
J. Laikunaite 1917 M, T.
Sapockaite $3.50 m.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20

lietuviq sporto klubai is USA,
- Chicagos LSK ''Perkunas", :,
Chicagos "Ateitis', Brooklyno
LSK, Bostono LSK, Detroito
"Kovas" ir Clevelando "zaibas".
Clevelando LSK "zaibas" nu-
tare sioje sporto sventeje daily
vault su visomis komandomis.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20
8 la PROBLEM0S
APIE S.L.A. SPAUDOS ORGANUS

nuosirdziai irodineja, kad "kas
nori prisideti prie lietuviskumo
palaikymo iseivijoje, dirbti vie
ninga kulturini darba, nepamirs-
tant ir savo asmeninio apsi-
draudimo, tas bus patenkintas
tapes SLA nariu''.
Su tokiais graziais uzsimoji-
mais tenka tik sutikti ir pa
linketi, kad tokiu uzdaviniu vyk-
dymas eitu teisingais keliais ir
nuosirdziu, ne tik propaganda
niu pasiryzimu.
Tame pat straipsnyje kalba-
ma ir apie SLA organizacijos
kilnuma, kurio svarbiausiu iro-
dymu laikoma tas, kad SLA or
gano pavadinimas jau prizes AZ
metu yra pasirinktas neabejo-
tinai kilnus - TEVYNE. "Jau
pats organo pavadinimas "TE-
VYNE" rodo, kaip yra svarbus
siai organizacijai musu tautos
reikalai ir patti tevyne - Lie
tuva". -.
Deja, vien tiktai to irodineti
kilnumui dar neuztenka. Jei or
ganizacijos laikrascio pavadini-
mas parodytu tikra jos kelia ir
darba, tai lengvai nukonkuruo-
tu Americas lietuviu komunistu
organas LAISVE. Laikrascio pa
vadinimas yra "laisve', bet kas
is to, jei jo siulomas kelias yra
tik aiskiausia bolsevikine vergi-
ia.
Todel ir SLA organizacijos Kill
numui parodyti reiketu pradeti
ne nuo jos organo vardo, mes
tai pats silpniausias irodymas.
Esame tikri ir, pagaliau, zinome,
kad tam reikalui yra daug svar
besniu ir itikinamesniu irodymu.
Bet 81 karta NUNS krito de-
mesin kitas ir daug savotiskes-
mis- TEVYNES bendradarbio iro-
dinejimas, del kurio reikia pa
sisakyti.
TEVYNE raso: "SLA veikla
ir spauda eina kartu su gyve-
nimu. Tenka tik pasidziaugti,
kad Chicagos dienrastis "Nau-
jienos" ir savaitrastis "Sanda-
RAJ, kurie jau eina 38 metus,
irgi yra .lyg antrieji SLA spau-
dos organai, labai daug raso SLA
ir visiems tautieciams rupimais
klausimais. Sic trys pamineti il
gameciai .laikrasciai yra grazus
spaudos vainikas, kuriuo gall di-
dziuotis kiekvienas lietuvis."
Mes neneigsime, kad ir tie du
'antrieji SLA spaudos organai"
nemazai yra rase organizacijos
reikalais, nors butu sunku eilu-
ciu skaiciumi ar minciQ svaru-
mu duoti statistika, kuris ir
koks Americas lietuviu tautieciu
laikrastis SLA reikalais yra dau-
giau kalbejes. Bet, pvz., niekas
nepaneigs fakto, kad tokia dar
vyresne VIENYBE yra buvusi
net SLA organu, daug rasiusi ir
bent nemaziau uz SANDARA
teberasanti SLA reikalais.
Oar keistesnis yra ilgametes
DIRVOS nutylejimas, kuri vi
suomet yra nuosirdziai domeju-
81 SLA reikalais, kurios daugu-
ma leideju, redaktoriq ir bendra-
darbiq yra praeityje buvo ir da-
bar tebera SLA veikliais nariais,
kuriems, savaime suprantama,
savos organizacijos reikalai ne
gall nerupeti. Taigi, toks TEVY-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20

kurie per daugeli metu yra pri-
prate zinoti, kad SLA yra visu
tautiniu grupiu lietuviu orga-
nizacija ir kad tu grupiu spauda
savo "kilnumu" nera ir negali
butt rusiuojama pirmuosius,
antruosius ar jokius SLA spau-
dos organus.
Noretusi rimtai atkreipti TE-
WINES leidejo ir redakcijos de-
mesi, kad tokiais pareiskineji-
mais, kaip musu augsciau paci-
tuotasis, prasilenkiama su be-
saliskumu ir kenkiama organi-
zacijos vieningumui.
Bet uz Wis keisciausias yra
TEVYNES redakcijos nutyleji-
mas, kad kaip tik per pora pa
starQjq metu ypac DIRVA yra
kreipusi demesio SLA reikalams
ir tam tikslui paskelbusi net ke-
liolika rimtu ir argumentuotu
straipsniQ, iskelusi ellie proble-
mQ, kurios laukia issprendimo,
pabrezusi daugeli klausimu, nuo
kuriu priklauso musu organiza-
cijos klestejimas ir pazanga, ar
ba TEVYNES zodziais tariant,
"ejimas SUI gyvenimu'. Tokiu
rimtQ, svarbiu straipsniu nete-
ko uztikti nei Naujienose, nei
Sandaroje.
Tie iskeltieji klausimai nebu-
vo nei sroviniai, nei kokie par
tiniai, o tik toxic, kurie organi-
zacijai yra svarbus, jei norma
eiti su gyvenimu. Tai, tarp kit
ko, organizacijos administered
jos, konstitucijos, jos spaudos
organo, nariu teisiu, ju verbavi-
mo, propagandos, seimu paruosi-
mo, tautines ir kulturines veik-
los bel kiti reikalai, nuo kuriu
issprendimo ir tvarkymo pri-
klauso organizacijos klestejimas
ir jos ejimas SUI gyvenimu, su is
jo kylanciais Wis naujais reika-
lavimais.
Daugiau negu nuostabu, kad
visais tais klausimais ne karto
nepasisake SLA organas. Gal tie
reikalai buvo iskelti nepagristai,
gal neteisingai, be pamato arba
remnants netiksliu musu orga-
nizacijos reikalu ir uzdaviniu
supratimu. Jeigu taip, tai ge-
riau ismanautieji turf duoti at
sakymus, klaidas pataisyti ir
pasiulyti sprendimus, kurie ge-
riau atitiktu gyvenimui, SLA
istatymams ir Americas frater-
naliniu apdraudos organizaciju
nuostatams. Yra nutarimai, ku-.
riais dlraudziama SLA organui
verstis polemika, - bet juk cia
nera kokia srovine ar partine
polemika. Ir nera nutarimo, ku-
ris draustu SLA organui nagri-
nett SLA organizacines ar pa
nasias problemas, nuo kuriu
sprendimo ir vykdymo priklauso
organizacijos gerove. Priesingai,
SLA organui ir vadovybei yra
tiesiOgine pareiga paties gyve-
nim0 ir nariq iskeltus reikalus
syarstyti, informuoti, duoti au-
tOritetingus ir faktais bel nuo-
statais paremtus atsakymus.
Jeigu to nebutu daroma, tai
kan tada organizacijai tureti
organa, kuris nepigiai kastuoja,
jei jis savo organizacijos reika-
lq nenori ar nesugeba svarstyti?
Ar tik tam, kad butu kur skelb-
tt labai ilgi Vykdomosios Tary-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20
MUSQ SPORTAS

Is klube gausiausios ir entu-
ziastiskiausios mergaiciu grupes
ryskiausia issiskyre begikes A.
Malcanaite ir L. Januleviciute,
o is jaunuciu - M. Motiejunas
ir R. Melsbakas.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20

kitoje lietuviu spaudoje ir kuri
daznai nieko bendra su SLA rel
kalais neturi?
Nenorime pasakyti, kad SLA
organas tQ dalyku neprivalo j
savo skiltis deti. Bet norime
isakmiai pabrezti, kad tai yra
antraeiliai dalykai, po Vykdomo-
sios, Tarybos protokolu, apyskai-
tu. Pagalbos rankos ir vajaus
propagandos, SLA organizacines
ir jos veiklos kulturines bel tau
tines lietuviskos problemos yra
zymiai svarbesnes, negu labai
pavirsutiniskai ir atsitiktinai
parenkama New Yorko apylin-
kes kronika ar .redaktoriaus ne
sutvarkytos correspondence j O S,
kartais vos pazodiniai susirinki-
mu ar apygardu suvaziavimu
protokolai
Redaktorius juk tam renka-
mas ir islaikomas, kad kiekvie-
name puslapyje jaustusi jo ran
ka, kaip redaktoriaus, ne kad
spausdinamoji medziaga bltu
sumetama, kaip kas maloneja ia
prisiusti. Trys puslapiai per sa-
waite suredeguoti, dar turint tai
ka is kitu centro bendradarbiu
ir pasaliniu bendradarbiu puses,
= jau tik negali butt laikoma
persunkus uzdavinys. Apple lie
tuviu kalbos bent minimalini tai
syklinguma nei nekalbesime.
Dirvoie jau buvo nurodyta, kad
kilnioji TEVYNE savo lietuvis-
kos kalbos "groziu" Ultima gar
binga antraja vieta po Mahano-
jaus SAULES.. -.
MusQ zodziams pagristi turf
me nurodyti faktus, is kuriu
matyti, kad TEVYNES redakci-
ia ar redaktorius laikosi tvirto
kitokio nusistatymo. Be abejo,
apgalvoto ir pergalvoto, nes pa
stovaus nusistatymo.
Antrame puslapyje TEVYNE
turf nuolatine editorialine skill
tt (kolumna), pavadinta "SLA
PASTABOS". Rodos, tai turetu
butt skyrius ir vieta, kur specia-
liai turf butt kalbama apie SLA
begamuosius reikalus ir viso-
kias su SLA gyvenimu suristas
problemas. Toks skyrius svarbus
ir reikalingas. Nebent jam tik
nepakaktu vienos skilties, o rel
ketQ kas numeri dvieju, trijQ
ar ir daugiau, kai svarbiu klau-
simu atsiranda centre, kai JUGS
iskelia nariai, kuopos ar kita
spauda.
0 ka visa laika matome tame
skyriuje, kuri pats redaktorius
priraso? Ogi tik nepaprastai di-
letantiskas zinutes bel pastabe-
les is. -. tarptautines politikos
kronikos. Jos visuomet pasenu-
sios, is amerikonisiu laikrasciu
headlines" nurasytos ir taip
silpnai suredaguotos, kad sta
ciai gala - ir eikvojiamos vie
tos, ir laiko, ir islaidQ, ir paties
redaktoriaus. Kada pastaruoju
laiku TEVYNE yra gavusi kva-
lifikuota politiniu apzvalgu ben
dradarbi B. Butrima, tos "SLA
pastabos", kurias "raso M. L.
W., yra toliau grynas nesusi-
pratimas ir staciai nonsensas,
mes tai juk nera jokios SLA pa
stabOs.
Pvz., kad ir tame pat nume-
RYE, kur kalbama apie SLA. or
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-09-20

Tx uZsidek ir tinka. Kiekviena Suknele
garantuota plovimui ir spalva nesikeis.
A. Ia puiki suknele yra grazausiu gelu,
spalvQ derinys; su kampuotu kalniereliu
ir kisene prie sono. Suknele tinkanti visai
dienai; patogumas ir lengvumas, dydis nuo
16 Xxi A, melyna, rozine ir aqua.
B. Nepaprasta suknele namuose. Patraukliu
figuru geliu deriniai ;. kalnierelis gra-
ziai apsiutas su "rick-rack" Dydis 3s id
A. Rinkites is rozines, melynos ar aqua
spalvos.
Uzsakyti pastu ar telefOnu.
Saukite Cherry 10000.
Nanny sukneiv skyrius r6sy.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-07-01

Unfortunately, these dangerous possibili-
ties are not just Pigments of someone's mag
ination. With present-day chemical, biologi-
cal and meteorological techniques, and mod
ern methods of transportation, such methods
could be used with widespread effect. And
without any declaration of war. The thing
that worries responsible officials is the real
ization that such attacks could be carried out
secretly and in an extensive way at any time
even while the aggressors profess to be
striving for world peace.
All agencies Of the U. S. department Of
agriculture, as well as state livestock SAM
tary boards, have been alerted to the danger
and are prepared to cooperate immediately
in applying control measures It is important
that farmers and ranchers watch their crops
and livestock closely for evidence of any
unusual disease conditions Anything that
appears out of the ordinary along this line
should be reported at once to the county ex-
tension agent. He will notify the appropriate
control agency so that the situation may be
investigated promptly and necessary control
measures taken before serious damage
occurs.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-07-01

the contention that you should plant GER
tain crops in the dark of the moon or in
the light Of the moon. Timely planting with
reference to frost danger, good seed, proper
soil preparation and fertilization, and con-
troll Of weeds and pests are what really
count, according to agronomists.
The scientist is also convinced that ami
NAL signs are completely unreliable in fore
casting a hard winter or mild one. If
falling barometric pressure causes certain
reaction in an animal then that reaction may
foretell stormy weather Immediately ahead.
But, generally speaking, animals respond to
conditions they have already experienced,
not the kind of a winter that is on the way.
A heavy coat Of fur may be the result of an
early spell of cold weather but, at least, ac-
cording to the meteorologists, it cannot be
the result of cold weather yet to come.
A number of signs are Of proved reliable
ity, however. An east wind often brings
rain in Montana for instance. A bunion or
rheumatic joint may be fair weather
prophet also because it may be sensitive to
increasing humidity or changing barometric
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-07-01
Moon Rings, Sore Bunions- and Weather

WHEN meteorologist looks at the oft
w quoted weather signs that have been
passed down from generation to generation
he finds that some Of them have scientific
basis while others are completely I'M
founded.
Writing in Iowa Farm Science, George
I. Barger, professional weather man"
calls the turn on some Of the popularity ac-
cepted indications of weather change. He
finds that ring around the sun Tor moon)
often does precede rainy weather because it
accompanies cirrus cloud formation which
frequently, but not always, results in rain.
The phase of the moon, on the other
hand, has no known relationship to weather
wet or dry, hot or cold. For one thing
interpretations based on moon phases often
contradict each other. Thus one weather
sage will tell us that the moon is wet be-
cause the farmer can hang his harness on
train will keep him out of his fields But
another local prophet may say of the same
moon that it is dry because it is tipped so
that no water can run out of it.
Nor does experimental evidence support
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-07-01
Editorials
MobiIizing Agriculture Against Attack

COUNTY extension agents are key men in
~ so many constructive agricultural pro
grams that they will probably accept, as a
matter of course, the new responsibilities
that have come to them under the mobiliza-
ton of agriculture's defense against attacks
from hostile nations.
In this period of organized subversion
and great international tensions, when even
cold war carries grave dangers, and when
there is the continuing possibility of an all
out armed conflict, farmers and ranchers
must keep their guard up.
In pointing out some of the ways in
which crops and livestock might be de-
stroyed, openly or secretly, Director R. B.
Tootell Of the Montana extension service
cites the following
Grain rusts far more destructive
than those previously known in Mon
tana and Wyoming might be introduced
by airplane or otherwise. This is true
of other plant diseases as well
Hog cholera, rinderpest, foot and
mouth disease, anthrax or other live
stock disease could be similarly intro
duced.
Insect infestations might also be
started
Montana farmer-stockman., 1951-07-01

pressure Wind shifts, cloud characteristics,
changes in temperature or humidity, and
other natural phenomena may be fairly
trustworthy indicators of what lies irnme-
diately ahead to longtime residents Of
local farming community who have OBJ
served such signs over the years and have
learned their frequent relationship to
weather changes
But for most ordinary mortals good
barometer will beat old proverbs, lunches
or instinct every time when it comes to fore
casting thu kind of weather tomorrow or
the next day will bring. And professional
long-range forecasters study pressure areas,
mass air movements and other meteorologi-
cal factors, rather than local conditions, in
arriving at their predictions.