Evening star., 1951-10-21

that he wishes to resume diplo-
matte ties with the Vatican with
out the advice and consent of the
Senate" Mr.. Archer said.
Like President Roosevelt, who
appointed Myron C. Taylor as a
personal representative to the Vat
ican in 1910, Mr.. Truman seems
we'll aware Of the dubious consti-
tutionality Of his act" Mr.. Archer
added.
Mr.. Taylor. 77-year-old former
chairman of the board of the
U. S. Steel Corp, and like Gen.
Clark. an Episcopalian. resigned
in June, 1850 after nearly IL
years at the Vatican.
Was Personal Envoy.
He was given the title of per-
sonal ambassador. without formal
representations of the State De-
partment. Both Presidents Roose-
velt and Truman felt he did in
valuable work during the war,
since the Vatican was a focal point
for exchanges in intelligence.
United States diplomatic rela-
tions with the Holy See are not
new. AS far back as 1893 con-
sular representation was begun In
the former Papal States, wide
belt across central Italy governed
by the Pope as a temporal ruler.
Then came . period of formal
relations extending from l848
when President Polk named Jacob
L. Martin as the first charge DAFT
faires. followed by Lewis Cass. jr.,
who was appointed the first min
lister in 1854. and his successor,
Rufus King.
The ministry was not created
without bitter debate in Congress.
Mr.. Polk urged the assignment in
Just regard to our commercial
interests" Consul Martin was ad-
vised 70 steer completely away
from all matters of church.
| Congress Cut OFF Funds.
| Congress promptly abolished the
ministry by the simple expedient
of cutting off Mr.. Kings ap-
preparations.
In 1870 the Italian unification
movement under Garibaldi sue
ceeded in Incorporating the Papal
states in the new Kingdom of
Italy. The Pope thereupon became
a voluntary prisoner in the
Vatican. in protest against the
Italian states action in depriving
him Of his temporal rule. In 1929.
Mussolini came to terms with the
Vatican in the Lateran Treaty
recognizing the Pope's temporal
powers by the establishment of
the sovereign" state Of Vatican
City.
1t appeared likely the Pope will
appoint Papal Nuncio, the Vati-
cans equivalent Of ambassador. to
the United States II Gen. Clark
is confirmed.
| For many years the Holy See
has been represented here by an
Apostolic Delegate, charged with
ecclesiastical duties in connection
with the Vatican and Roman
Catholic churches here. and hav-
ing no diplomatic status. The
Apostolic Delegate is the Most
Rev. Giovanni Amelto Cicognani.
| Recently there has been specu-
lation about retirement of Gen
Clark. The Pentagon yesterday
started action toward asking Con-
gress to permit Gen. Clark to
retain his military status if he
becomes ambassador.
Protests Telegraphed.
In Philadelphia. the United
Lutheran Church in America re.
LEASED a telegram its president
DR.. Franklin Clark Fry of New
|; York. said he sent Senators Ives
Republican, of New York. ant
Thye. Republican, of Minnesota
Senator Thye is a Lutheran.
At nearby Collingswood. N. j.
DR.. Carl McIntire, president o.
the International Council ol
i. Christian Churches, said. "Tru'
man has betrayed the Protestant
; and our historic American tradi'
tionS. 1t is a major blunder.
DR.. Frye's telegram said:
along with millions of othel
Lutherans in America I regart
the proposed action as a breach
of separation of Church ant
State and as giving preferential
status to a Church"
To Urge Mass Action.
His Church claims a member
ship of more than 2 million mem
bers. DR.. Frye said he is calling
upon the presidents of the 81
Lutheran synods and their pastor
to Swing into vehement, relent
: less action at once" -
DR.. McIntire said in his state
Iment:
I'VE cannot accept it 9TH,
nomination. and we will figh
Senate confirmation. The timin,
suggests political scheming. I
will confuse our life and deatl
fight against communism ant
, divide the country. :"