davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22

federations called Producers Elk.
change Associations appeared iT
Philadelphia in 1928, and in 1886
the salesroom of the cabinet-mak
ers was the towns second largest
furniture store. Later the Knights
of Labor tried a gigantic co-opera.
tive effort, and in 1886 there were
cooperative groups producing coal
barrels, shoes, clothing, iron stoves
cigars, furniture, glass, knit goods
n i Is, agricultural implements
matches, etc. Ultimately they all
failed.
1t was in that era that the
United States ceased to be predom-
inantly a farming country, and
with the rush to the cities came the
problems of buying on the install
ment plan. Loan sharks flounshed,
the poor, as usual, took beating.
First attempt to meet the pro-
blem came in Lewis, across the
river from Quebec, where Alphonse
Desjardines, Legislative reporter,
organized a caisse populaire, or
peoples bank, in 1900. In 1909 the
Russell Sage Foundation began
promoting the growth of remedial
loan societies. In 1910, Arthur
Morris, Virginia attorney, chart
cred the first industrial bank
which specialized in lending to in
dustrial workers on character.
(These are now known as the
Morris plan banks.) Of course, the
loan sharks, the pawn brokers,
fought all efforts to curb their
rackets, even bribing legislatures.
The big answer has been the
credit union. There were two in
1909. By 1919 there were 143. By
1929 there were 974 with 100000
members, and $31 ,972, 900 in loans
outstanding. By 1889 there were
1896, with 2,305,364 members, and
by 1949 there were 949S with 81
100000 members, and with $3l2,-
100000 loans outstanding.
They have succeeded because
they bring cheap credit to decent
people on the basis of character, as
Giles points out in his book. They
exist, not for charity, not for pro-
fit, but for service. A credit union|
is a cooperative group in which
the members pool their savings and
lend them to each other. Usual in
terest is | percent month on the
unpaid balance. Savers get about 4
percent interest. In a credit union
no one is urged to borrow more
than he needs, no one schemes to
keep them in debt. AS TO losses,
credit unions, reports Giles, have
lost less than percent of their
total loans, and most people do not
borrow too much.
President Truman says, Credit
unions serve the people in the best
tradition. They helpl
their members solve their own
money problems" William Green
AFL president, says, Credit
lnion services are of particular
value to union members be-
cause they give protection against
loan sharks, furnish credit at low
cost, and encourage savings at a
good rate of interest" Philip MUIR
ray, says, "The credit union move
nent has made significant contri-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22
OBITUARIES
JOHN c. HARRISON

Trenton, N. john c. Har
rison, 78, of 2 East State Street
died March 6 in Mckinley Hospi
tai, following a long illness.
A native of England, Mr.. Har
rison had resided in Trenton a.
years. He was a mouldmaker by
trade and a member Of Local Unior
2lO, National Brotherhood of Op-
erative Potters and Trenton Lodge
of Moose.
Survivors include three daugh-
ters, Mrs. Charlotte Lake, Mrs
Arthur Weaver and Mrs. James
Elder; son, Charles R. Harrison
a brother, Walter of San Francis
co, Calf; a sister, Mrs. Arthur
Thursfield of England; seven
grandchildren and a great-grand-
child.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22

Committee on Small Business.
On the recall Of reservists and
National Guardsmen, Goodwin cit
ed a Labor Department study of ID
plants covering 6 critical areas.
The study, last summer, determin-
ed the percentage of administra-
tive and skilled personnel in key
plants who, as members of the
military reserves or the National
Guard, are subject to recall by
the armed forces. Goodwin said the
findings demonstrated clearly the
paralyzing effects which blanket
recall of reservists would have on
critical war industry"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22
Government Policy Plays Into Hands
Of Profiteers, AFL chieftain Declares

Washington, D. c. (ILNS). -
Charging that $50 far the govern
ment has failed utterly in the fight
against inflation," AFL President
William Green declared that gov
ernment policy is playing right into
the hands of the profiteers."
Backing up his assertion, Green
continued, in a speech broadcast
over the Columbia Broadcasting
System:
"When the decision was belatedly
made to freeze prices, the freeze
date was deliberately chosen for
Jan. 25, when prices, were at an
all-time peak.
"One month later, the freeze was
revoked. A new price order was is
sued. This order permits more than
100000 retail stores to pass on
their increased costs to the con-
sumner, plus their established mar
gin of profit. Let me illustrate
how this plan operates against the
public. We will take the case of a
workshirt which used to sell for
So. 1t cost the retailer So. His pro-
fit was so percent or 81. Suppose
this same shirt now costs the store
keeper $3.50. He is permitted to
add on his so percent profit, max
ing the price to the consumer $3.75.
Sees "Built-in Initiation"
"1f the storekeeper were per-
mitted to add on only increased
costs, the price would be $3.50.
Thus, by using the margin of pro-
fit system, there is an extra rs
cents of profit not justified by in
creased costs. To my mind this is
not holding the line. 1t is built-in
initiation.
"That is not all. The new price
order officially legalizes profit
margins in effect Feb. "a. There
are undoubtedly thousands of cases
where chiselers and profiteers de-
liberately boosted their profit mar
gins between the Jan. 25 freeze
and the Feb. 25 thaw. Instead Of
Furnishing these violations, the gov
ernment has now officially sane
toned them. That is one of the
reasons why labor regards the
new price order as legalized rob-
berry Of the consumer.
Charges Congress Betrayal"
"The margin-of- profit system
provides price ladders, instead Of
price ceilings. Everything is per-
mitted to go up, but nothing isl
ordered to come down. Stores are
allowed to set their own prices,
based upon their own bookkeeping
and their own profit margins.
There will be no such thing as a |
dollar-and-cents price ceiling. Mol
customer will be able to check |
whether the storekeeper is selling
his profits at legal prices, Neither
will the government. Enforcement
is obviously impossible"
President Green declared that the
responsibility for what he said was
the failure Of the government to
fight initiation effectively must be
placed primarily on Congress. He
charged Congress betrayed the
public interest last year when it
adopted a so-called price control
law which made it impossible to
control food prices.
"Since food represents al
most 40 percent Of the aver
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22
ICC HIKES RATES ON
EXPRESS PACKAGES

Washington (LPA)-The Inter
state Commerce Commission ha.
granted increases in railway ex,
press rates on IL items which are
usually packed in large, but light
cartons. The extra charges, rang
ing to 100f6, will be for handling
Items include mems hats, millin-
cry, lampshades, nursery stock
artificial flowers, cut flowers, and
furniture.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22
Taxpayer Supports
Michigan Road
Builders Cartel

Lansing, Mich. (LPA)-It looks
as if the Michigan Road Builders
Association might have picked uI
some tricks from the German car
tells. They have developed a tight
little cartel of their own and the
unsuspecting taxpayer foots the
bill. 1t works this way:
theoretically, contracts for state
road construction and repair jobs
are awarded to the lowest bidder
on the basis of secret, sealed bids
But-in order to make bid, the
contractor must first be declared
"pre-qualified." That is, he must
be a member of the Michigan Road
Builders Association. To qualify
for membership, all the contractor
does is promise to pay the cartel
a percentage of every state con-
tract he gets.
He adds the cartel's percentage
to the cost of the job on which ne
is bidding and the taxpayer ends
up paying the "pre-qualified" con-
tractors dues for his cartel mem
bership. Everytime the taxpayer
pays a gasoline tax or buys an
auto license, he contributes some
thing to the support of the road
builders cartel system.
The cartel "dues" are placed in
special fund which the road build
ers use to support or defeat State
Highway Commissioners, depend
ing on whether or not the candi-
date agrees to put up with the car
tel.
But the cartel "fix" doesn't end
there. Every few weeks, the mem
bers meet at the Hotel Olds in
Lansing for contract letting day."
Actually the meeting has little
point, aside from the good fellow
ship. With a map of Michigan and
a list of the cartel membership,
can figure out which con-
tractor will be working on job in
his neighborhood.
To make it look as if everything
were being done according to
Hoyle, there are always six or
eight contractors bidding on each
job. But, strangely enough, only
one of these will be from a con-
tractor located near the job. The
rest, which the association terms
accommodation bids" will be from
who would have to
travel expensive miles to do the
job. So naturally, the local contrac-
tor has it all over the other fell
lows in being able to make a low
bid.
In other words, the cartel con-
tractors don't invade each others
territory and competitive bidding"
For state contracts is just a lot Of
Which is the reason why Mich
gan roads look much the same this
year as they did last year, even
though the state spent $110,0O0,-
300 of the taxpayers money to i'm
prove them and is asking for even
more to do the same kind of job
his year.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22
You Pay Plenty Borrowing
From Small Loan Company

Washington (LPA) = Their ad
read mo red tape, no embarrassing
questions - confidential, conven
lent" But when you get that "con
venient and confidential loan" from
the small-loan company, do yol
know what interest you're paying
It's 36 percent, and it's legal.
Well, if you live in Georgia yol
might pay 1000 percent, if you dea
with a "salary-buyer." He'll bu!
for $40 the $50 pay you have com
ing that weekend, and the $40 HI
makes on the deal is. not legally al
interest charge. It's a common
practice in the south, and the sal
ary-buyers are exempt from res
trictions on money lending. Ii
1924 they raised $4,000 to beat
a proposed Georgia law forbiddinl
ry-buying at rates higher thar
I3R percent a month. The loar
companies blocked a proposed law
to limit interest on loans to 36 per
cent. Of l0,4l7 personal bankruptcy
petitions filed in Atlanta between
1880 and 1910, almost 85 percent
came from those dealing with loan
sharks. A prominent Atlanta citiz-
en-, it is reported, runs an illegal
chain of loan agencies in the south
and one of the leading legal chains
in the north.
an the south, illegal lenders are
men of influence" according to
Credit for the Millions" a new
book by Richard Y. Giles marking
the Tooth anniversary Of the credit
union movement. The power of the
southern illegal lenders, says Giles,
"has defeated, time and again, the
campaign for effective legislation"
During the depression, loan
sharks in New York city were
charging as much as 20 percent a
week, and beating the poor devils
who fell behind in payments. With
employers firing workers whose
debts came to their attention, en-
ployes were forced to pay off one
lender by borrowing from another
Too many workers still do that to-
day.
AS Giles points out, "the need
for small loans is real. If it is not
met legally, it will be met illegal
ly. If it is not met by fair means it
will be met by foul" We have mass
production, and mass distribution,
and we need mass financing.
In colonial times credit was uni
versally demanded and granted.
Records show credit sales of cof-
fins, Bibles, horses, liquor, tobacco,
nails. Payment was slow. Even
Ben Franklin, according to Giles
account, paid his debts
to his bookseller in an average of
nine months, 2l days. Debters
could be put in Jail for debt, and
they were, as late as 1910.
The Carpenters Company of
Philadelphia, and the General So
,iety of Mechanics and Tradesmen
If New York, as early as 1889 made
money lending part of their SER
vice to members. Pawnbrokers,
coming from the ranks of dealers
n secondhand goods, appeared
around 1900. There was a cooper
alive shoe factory in Baltimore inl
1874; a coop carpenter shop inl
philadelphia in 1871. Elaborate
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22
Blanket Recall Of Skilled Workers
Dangerous To Critical Industries

Washington, ID. c. QLNS). -
Unrestricted recall of skilled work.
ers for military service could have
a disastrous effect on critical de-
fense and civilian industry, U. S
Labor Department chiefs warned
Congress. They emphasized that
highly specialized skills in indus
try are essential to maintenance
of modern armies.
Secretary of Labor Maurice j.
Tobin told the House Committee on
Armed Services that recall of a
high volume of involuntary reser-
visits and National Guardsmen
"could have serious results upon
the ervisor management,
scientific, technical and skilled
workforces in many critical war
plants and essential civilian ac-
.tivities."
Urging adoption of a sound occu-
pational deferment policy for re-
servists and National Guardsmen
with critical skills, Tobin recon-
mended that universal military
training and service legislation in
clude a provision permitting the
President to develop such defer
ment policies and procedures for
the maximum utilization Of the ma
TONS manpower skills.
Civilian Skill Held Vital
Secretary Tobin pointed out that
in addition to an armed force, the
nation in mobilization requires a
munition industry to support that
force, and certain minimum levels
of essential civilian production and
services. consequently, univer-
sal military training program de-
signed to build up the military re-
serves available for full mobiliza
tion must make allowance for the
civilian skills that will be neces-
sary to support full mobilization"
Tobin said.
He also said:
/. Workers with critical skills
should be used at their highest
skills, and where that skill is most
needed by the military forces, they
should have first call on the work
er. However, where that skill is not
required by the military, the work
er should be required to remain in
2. The military must have
quick and orderly access to its re-
serves. In order to provide for the
occupational deferment of workers
with critical skills without disrup-
tion of the reserve plans of the
military, it might be desirable to
avoid placing the holders of critical
skills in organized units of the re-
serves so that they can be called
up as individuals. This would leave
the National Guard and organized
reserves available for immediate
Gallup by unit without any defer
ment of key personnel in such
units"
In testimony before another con-
gressional group, Robert c. Good |
win, executive director Of the
Labor Departments Office of De-
Tense Manpower, also emphasized
hat modern armies could not
function without the support of
which possesses highly |
specialized skills.
Blanket Recall Seen ParalyZing
To build up the supply of skill
ed labor, existing training pro-
grams must be accelerated and ex-
he told the manpower sub
of the Senate Select
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22

button to the welfare of working
people," Presidents Taft, Wilson,
Coolidge, Hoover and Roosevelt
also endorsed credit unions.
Credit for the Millions" is not
only Informative but fascinating
reading. In a way, it is a history
of America.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22
FUNDAMENTALS or DEMOCRACY coNTRAsTEp WITH &C

FUNDAMENTALS or DEMOCRACY coNTRAsTEp WITH COMMUNISM
o own
highest onoinment Hvmon beings sxpsndobs
Human Rights
Is
and their
Freedom Of chvrhdo by aasa
freedom Of the Person
s = Of person. or p,Sny rn secret ] s s"'sn: search any '
Freedom
motion cso"ao school. o"d elsewhere
distorted
eie,.
No
Repsen IT,
Of
sM1
elections
Government law. enosed chosen repre-
OF people,
Economic Freedom
rss
dacs
associations trade osodohon prohibited
property ssas oil
W omeah living
Bargaining whh other
Result
downward.
sosm of odso"ss
,.. ,..ioo with d.oo,. uocv
defend ersvokk
help police and Soviet
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22

Communism levels people downward: Pow.
erty and contempt for human beings. odvooes-
menf depends on fovors from stats and party
officials.
A people sssfhins with discomfort. nany
secret police ond Soviet army.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1951-03-22

--s's 1ssss .os7.s1 sss1s'
Smyrna times., 1951-11-01

Mr.. and Mrs. James Pugh, Sr., of
Washington, D. c., visited his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Pugh Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Wertz, Mr..
and Mrs. Reedy Thomas and son
Joe, and Mr.. Casey of Philadelphia
spent the weekend in town.
/, Mr.. and Mrs. Royal Hayes and
children of Henry, Illinois, visited
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward S. Wilson,
Sr., on Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Snyder of Philadel-
phia were weekend guests of Mr..
and Mrs. George Thomas.
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Fox and
son Dan, Mr.. and Mrs. Price of
Smyrna have returned home from
a trip to Missouri.
Mrs. George Fox and Mrs. James
Bowdle and daughter, Ann, are Wis
iting at Leland, Florida.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Pugh, Sr.,
have returned to Camden, N. J.
Smyrna times., 1951-11-01
KentOn

Mr.. and Mrs. c. r. Holt and
daughter Joanne, of Dover and
Mrs. Charles Graham were Sunday
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Theodore
Myquist of Reading, Pa.
The Homemakers Club met at
the home of Mrs. Harry Faulkner
on Thursday. Plans were made to
entertain the group meeting in
Kenton Church on Thursday even
ing, Nov. Is with Kenton Club
hostess. The visiting clubs will
be Smyrna, Leipsic, Friendly
Homemakers, and Merry Makers.
Committee on arrangements is
composed of Mrs. Belle Everett, as
sisted by Miss Eva Carey; recrea-
tion, Mrs. S. Knotts, Mrs. G. Faulk-
ner, Mrs. A. Crossley. The topic
for the group meeting will be
Health and Good Grooming" pre-
sented by the Agents, Miss Ger
trude Holloway and Mrs. Eleanor
Cavanaugh. The slate of officers
presented for the next term are
Mrs. Belle Palmer, president; Mrs.
Gertrude Faulkner, vice president;
Mrs. Lois Ruch, secretary, and
Mrs. Kizzie Crossley, treasurer.
The topic for the meeting was
Time Saving in Home Sewing"
presented by the leader, Mrs. Susie
Knots.
The adult class will hold their
anniversary dinner on Wednesday
evening, Nov, IA with Mrs. Helen
Rowlinson on the committee on ar
rangements.
$28.00 was netted from the lunch
served by the Grange at the sale
of Mr.. John Lister.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Attix en-
tertained on Saturday evening in
honor of their daughter Marlyn's
sixteenth birthday. About thirty
friends and school mates were
present. The highlight of the
evening was a straw ride. When
they returned gifts were opened
and refreshments served. They de-
parted wishing Marlyn many more
happy birthdays.
MIR. and Mrs. Edward Hughes Jr.
and daughters spent Sunday with
Mrs. Carolyn Keene and family of
Middletown.
Smyrna times., 1951-11-01
Leipsic

Mrs. Finney and daughter, Mrs.
Alice Downham of Wyoming, spent
Sunday afternoon with Mrs. James
Lafferty, Sr., and Mrs. Clarence
Rawley.
The Ladies of the Roby Method
ist Church wishes to thank all who
helped in any way to make the
turkey dinner that was served Sat-
urday evening a great success.
Pvt. William Short, who has
been stationed at Camp Breclzin-
ridge, KY, is visiting his parents,
MIR. and Mrs. William Short, Sr.,
and family for twelve days.
The Homemakers Club met We'd
nesday evening. Mrs. Cavanaugh
gave a talk on the Market Bas-
ket." Mrs. Mable Dempsey and
Mrs. Alison Helm were hostesses.
Election of officers took place.
Smyrna times., 1951-11-01
MarydeI

Master Herbert GueSsford on Oc-
tober 9th celebrated his eleventh
birthday by entertaining at birth
day party and vicente roast.
Charles L. Turner, a member of
the U. S. Navy, sailed on the SIS
Stephen Potter for a six-week per-
iod of target practice in Cuba.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry S. Smith and
Miss Frances Smith of Georgetown
spent Sunday with his parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Harry Smith.
Bill Hayes, former resident of
Marydel, has been a patient at the
Kent General Hospital for the past
three weeks, and indeed would be
glad to receive word of cheer
from his many friends in this COM
munity.
Mr.. Harry Heather has returned
from weeks trip to Moline, Illi-
nois, where he attended a John
Deer convention.
Miss Maude Hummer on Sunday
entertained at dinner in honor of
the birthday of her brother, Mr..
James L. Hummer, of Frankford,
Del. Those present at the dinner
were Mr.. and Mrs. James Hummer
and their son, James, Jr.
Honor pupils of the Henderson
School, Miss Hummer's room, for
the month of october are Joan
Hulley and Jacob Schrock. We
hope this good work will continue.
Mrs. Guy Sleeves has returned
home after a two weeks visit with
friends in Washington, D. c., and
in Virginia.
AT pm, Sunday, October 26th,
in the Immaculate Conception
Church in Marydel the Rev. Father
r. C. Miller of Ridgely, united in
holy matrimony in double ring
ceremony, Miss Victoria Deleone
and Mr.. John Barboss both of New
ark, N. J. The bride was given
away in marriage by her uncle, Mr..
Michael LePore of near Marydel.
Attendants of the young couple
were Mr.. and Mrs. Tony Lepore of
near Marydel, cousins of the bride.
The bride was dressed in a white
satin gown and carried white car
nation nosegay, while the matron
of honor wore a net, ballerina
length, dress of powder blue, and
carried a nosegay of assorted car
nations. After a brief honeymoon
the bridal couple will make their
residence at the home of the
groom's parents in East Orange, N.
J. A reception was held at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Michael Le-
Smyrna times., 1951-11-01
CLAYTON

Miss Frances Amos, Metuchen,
N. J., was a recent visitor with her
uncle, Mr.. Harry Amos.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Thorpe
have returned home after having
spent a week visiting relatives in
Columbus, Ohio.
birthday greetings to Mrs. Sally
Sapp.
Mrs. ]. r. Williams, Bob White
Farm, near Delaney's, entertained
her Bridge Club recently.
Mr.. and Mrs. Baynard Harper
Jr., and children, of near Washing
ton, d. c., were weekend visitors
with Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Hill.
A surprise birthday party in
honor of Mrs. Roland Ford was
given at the home of Mrs. Fred
Duff on Sunday evening. Twenty
four guests were present.
A ham and chicken salad supper,
sponsored by the w. S. C. S. for
the benefit of Delaney's Church,
will be given at the Community
Center tomorrow evening, Friday,
November End. Serving will start
at 5 p. m.
A week of prayer and self-denial
service will be held in the Com
m1nity Center tonight beginning
at 8:15 p. m.
Mrs. Ethel Rawley was hostess
to the Willing Workers Glass of
EwelI's-St. Paul Church at a Hal
Iowe'en party held at the home of
MIR. Dudley Crossley.
Mrs. Robert Douglas is ailing.
Mr.. and Mrs. Royal Kays and
children of Henry, Illinois, were
recent guests at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. George Wright.
MIR. and Mrs. James Cubbage
srave moved into the residence of
the late Mrs. May Trammell on
Main Street.
MIR. David N. Boggs left recently
TO make his home in Florida.
MIR. and Mrs. Charles Denney
spent the weekend in Philadelphia
where they attended the Icecapad-
es, and visited friends in suburban
Glen Olden, Pa.
!, MIR. and Mrs. ]. w. Montague
have returned home after having
spent several days with Sgt. and
Mrs. James Montague and children,
at Paris Island, S. G.
Mrs. F. E. Burke, with her
daughter, Miss Mary Burke, were
philadelphia visitors on Wednes-
day.
Mrs. Sarah e. King will leave on
Sunday for Bradonton, Fla, where
she will spend the winter months.