davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-10-14

lzations at the school will provide
half time entertainment at the
game.
The queen will be selected Sat-
Iurday afternoon at q tea at the
Alpha Epsilon Fraternity house
by a committee including Jay
Carmody, drama critic Of The
Star, Mrs. Carmody, and David
POLAND. Washington representa-
tive OF Universal Films. The win
iner will not be announced until
she is crowned during inteHnis-
sion at the Homecoming ball Sat
.urday night in the Statler Hotel
Queen candidates besides Miss
Evening star., 1951-10-14
by the A,seelaisd Press

BY the Asseeio ted PreSs
MEMPHIS, Tenn, Oct. ia
Memphis motor company. winding
up a week-long drive. today drop
ped 1,090,358 pennies into the
national piggy bank.
The company offered a dollar
Evening star., 1951-10-14
Concert at WuIter Reed

The Washington Opera Guild
Chorus will give concert in the
main auditorium Of Walter Reed
nospItal a. i;30 pm. Tuesday
under the sponsorship Of the Dis
abled American Veterans.
Evening star., 1951-10-14
Auto Firm Takes Loss To Get Million Pennies

bill for every 90 pennies brought
in. 1t received sl0,9O3.5S in pen
MES at a company cost of $1,2ll,60
The pennies were turned over
to the Federal Reserve Bank to
help relieve the copper shortage
Evening star., 1951-10-14

Comfortable supports for sacro-
lilac strains and for conditions
waTranting . binding of the
pelvic arch region With or
without straps Adjustable but
fitted to you by experts.
Evening star., 1951-10-14

at least in terms of practical use by
troops in the field.
And perhaps the most convincing
fact to support Mr.. Lovett is that
United States troops would not know
how to use atomic weapons, even if
they were available. In the forth
coming atomic tests at Flrenchman's
Flats, New, tactical atomic weapons
Tor models of the Same) will be
tested for the first time And for the
first time some 5000 troops will en-
gage in training exercises under ac-
tual atomic warfare conditions-us-
ing the experimental weapons and
deployed defensively and offonsively
In whatever new ways such weapons
will demand.
AS for the superiority of the United
States over Russia in so-called stra-
teglc atomic bombs, these are the
facts: 1t is no secret that when the
United States dropped its third bomb
on NagaSaki on August IL, 1945. its
then existing supply was exhausted,
1t was planned at the time to use
three atom bombs for each of three
amphibious landings on the Japanese
mainland the following November.
Ihat would put our rate of produc-
ton, at that time, at three bombs
month. II that same rate and re-
NAMED constant. we would have to-
day about 210 bombs, allowing for
the IL to Is we have exploded since
for experimental purposes. How
ever, the rate Of production has more
tnan trebled since 1945 and it is a
fair estimate that the United States
has stockpiled today between $50 and
1000 bombs, each about five times
more powerful than the first.
If the same rate of production were
applied to RUSSIA far-fetched the
ory in light Of its vastly inferior in
duStrlal capacity - she could have
produced since her first burst in the
summer of 1949 somewhere between
80 and IS bombs. However, Ameri-
can atomic scientists insist that Rus
sia would have been foolhardy to
have devoted her limited producing
capacity and very limited supply Of
uranium to the manufacture of a
NagaSaki type bomb. which is known
to be far less powerful than the bomb
the United States is making today.
For that reason. they maintain, Rus
sia probably stopped production after
making about 30 of such bombs and
began experimenting on new ones.
That the experiments have been
completed and she is ready to pro-
duce greater bombs is evidenced by
the explosion of October 4.
100 in Red Arsenal
For military purposes. however,
Defense Department planners are
figuring that Russia has stockpiled
100 bombs. 1t is admittedly an ex-
travagant estimate. but even SO it
establishes a comfortable ratio In
favor Of the United States of nearly
10 to /.
Although RuSsia's second burst
was disquieting proof that she In
Evening star., 1951-10-14

the Joint Congressional Atomic
Energy Committee, pressed for an
immediate stepup in atomic warfare
development. His demands, expressed
on the Senate floor, were interpreted
by many to mean a drastic revision
in defense plans, with heavy empha-
sis on atomic weapons which Nc
Mahon had stated we're relatively"
cheaper to produce than conventional
weapons.
Enter Mr. Lovett
Hardly had Messrs. Truman and
Mcmahon planted the notion of a
new kind of warfare than Secretary
of Defense Robert A. Lovett uprooted
1t. A few days after Senator Nc
Mahon's speech. Mr. Lovett scoffed
at the furry of reports of sensational
weapons and said that no magic way
Of winning wars was yet at hand.
Bluntly, Mr.. Lovett said, in effect,
1--WE can't win today's wars with to-
morrows weapons"
Then this week. the idea that the
day of Buck Rogers warfare had al
ready dawned received new impetus.
Despite Mr. Lovett's attempt to de-
fate false hopes, Atomic Energy
Commission Chairman Gordon Dean
said that the United States now pos
sessed tactical atomic weapons that
could cancel out on the battlefield
any numerical advantage of an en-
emy." and that 1t need not hesitate
or fear to use them.
Thus within the narrow confines Of
the Administrations aided by
the announcement on October that
Russia had had its second atomic ex-
plosion:-a national perplexity had
been developed. The divergent opin-
ions Of those officials who should be
in complete harmony on the prog
ress of atomic warfare, had raised,
but not answered, several vital ques-
tionS.
Questions in Public Mind
Does the United States actually
have now sufficient atomic weapons
of tactical nature to use in Korea
or elsewhere? Does Russia's explo-
sion Of its second bomb mean that
the United States is in danger Of
Evening star., 1951-10-14

property as collateral. When the IN
digent dies. the State levies q claim
against his property TO recover its
loan"
Many persons. Social Security aides
say, have confused this form Of
public help with the Old-Age and
Survivors Insurance. which is paid
out with no strings attached.
Social security Is fool proof In its
benefit plan. When the program
was put into operation in 1887,
delay of five years in benefit pay
ments was provided to permit the
social security trust fund to build up.
From the familiar payroll deduction
plan. this fund. through August. 1851.
has collected more than $189 billion.
Since 1912. more than $50 billion
has been paid out to elderly bene-
flciaries, their survivors and for
operating costs Of the Social Security
Board and its employees.
Over SIS Billion
Under the craftsmanship Of Arthur
J. Altmeyer, a member of the Social
Security Board since its organization
and chairman since 1916. the trust
fund. as Of August, had more than
SIS billion on the black side of the
ledger. The idea of the trust fund
has paid off. The act provided that
the money collected from employe
and employer would be supplemented
by an appropriation from Congress
each year. The entire sum would be
deposited in the Treasury as sort
of loan to the Government and would
bear interest at prevailing rates.
That accounts for the fact that
the fund today has increased almost
SIS billion over collections.
In the next 20 years. however, the
yearly benefit payments are due to
jump rapidly. Social Security ex-
perts estimate that more than los
million persons will be taking s5.8
billion from the fund each year by
1871. That means increased with
holding taxes at the employe level
and amendments to the act last year
already have provided for that.
but, almost every one IN the Ma
ton now has the chance of drawing
benefits under the extended coverage.
The non-covered professional" man
Lawyers. doctors. etc.-theoretically
can qualify for pension payments If
they desire. If lawyer has worked
in a covered occupation for at least
Ia years since 1887. he can receive
benefit payments after his 65th birth
cay, even while maintaining lucra-
tive law practice.
If this seems unfair, remember:
The lawyer paid for his Social Sc
curity benefits by working briefly in
q covered occupation. It's his money
and he's entitled to it. That's the
idea the Social Security field offices
are trying to get across to the public.
Evening star., 1951-10-14
Atomic Bonbust-
With So Many People Saying So Many Things
It's Hard to Determine Where We Stand
BY John 6errity

Vast clouds Of rumor and cross
rumor billowed over Washington
last week, confusing public under
standing of American strength in the
field of atomic warfare.
Nearly every official whose name
has ever been linked with the atom.
and who could find a convenient
sounding board, had something to
say about atomic weapons. Each
statement seemed to conflict with
the others.
No johnny come Lately, the bewil-
derment, indeed, had its beginning
a little more than a month ago in a
presidential speech at San Francisco.
Then, speaking to get-together of
Democratic Party faithful, Mr.. Tru-
man had talked bravely of the ma
tional suicide in store for any enemies
who tampered further with the peace
of the world.
ut Is fantastic what can happen
with the use of the new weapons that
are now under construction in this
country" the President said, mot
only the one which we all fear the
most. but there are some weapons
which are fantastic in their opera
ton"
Apparently taking his cue from the
Presidents statement. now un-
der construction democratic
Senator Brien Mcmahon, who heads
Evening star., 1951-10-14

was divided into four principal sec
tions. each tied to the others only
In the long-rangs goal Of public
security.
Two parts deal with unemployment
compensation and a broad health
and welfare service. Leading off the
act is the Old-Age and Survivors In
surance provision. under which the
true Social Security pension pay
ments are made. Then comes the
Joker in the pack-the troublesome
third part of the law. This is known
officially as the Public Assistance
Law, but through misuse of the cor
rect title. it generally is called old
Age Assistance"
Under this section of the law, more
or less charity in its operation. the
States are responsible for welfare
payments to indigents. These funds
have no connection with the true
Social Security" benefits for those
over 65. Many States have spiked
their public welfare laws with a pro-
vision for lien on any property
which might be owned by the per-
son in need: Assistance payments
are in the nature of loan with
Evening star., 1951-10-14

stepping up her atomic bomb pro-
duction. several physical factors
guarantee that the United States
favorable ratio of 10 to l will hold.
or perhaps even improve.
An atom bomb is made Of either Of
two fashionable elements, uranium
235, rare element found in tiny
amounts in nature. and plutonium,
an artificial element produced in
huge plants called nuclear reactors.
Plutonium is produced from non
fashionable uranium 23s, which IL
abundant in nature. To produce
uranium 235 bombs requires q
gaseous diffusion plant (to separate
fashionable uranium from non-f -fission-
able) such as the one at Oak Ridge,
Tenn. which cost the Government
$500 million. To make plutonium
bombs requires plant costing about
one-f1fth as much to build and using
about one-half the electrical energy
to operate. For this reason, it is
known that RuSsia's bombs are Of
the plutonium type. since she is at
least 20 years behind in the technical
know-how necessary to build an Oak
Ridge type of plant.
Power Shortage
Moreover. there is marked limit
on the number Of cheaper. nuclear
reactor plants which Russia can
build. To operate just one such
plant. a 250.O00- -kilowatt power sta
ton is needed. Russia has only one
big power station. the Dneiper hydro
electric plant. with a capacity Of
100000 kilowatts. If she were to
build two nuclear reactors. it would
take the entire output of Dneiper.
leaving no power for the operation Of
supporting and collateral industries.
to say nothing of civilian goods in
duStries.
Apart from lacking vital electrical
power plants. Russia is known to be
short OF uranium. Captive mines in
CzechoSlovkia are almost exhausted.
For some time she has been trying to
get uranium from old worked-out
mines in Saxony. On the other hand.
the United States is the sole re-
cipient of the output of the worlds
three largest fields, one in the Bel
glan Congo. one in the Western
United States and one in the Great
Bear Lake region of northern Cana
da. All these produce an ore. abort
Is times as rich as the ore available
to Russia.
Therefore, on these two counts
alone-electrical energy and uraniu
supply-the United States is assured
OF long continuing superiority. Added
to these, the fact that the United
States is building, or contemplating
building, three new reactor plants
gives margin of safety upon which
Russia could not infringe for at least
a quarter OF century.
Evening star., 1951-10-14
Some Folks Just Won't Take Money

Most Government agencies face
each morning with some form of
budget hangover. but there's one
Federal outfit that's developing a
new kind Of headache trying to
balance its books in the opposite
direction. 1t can't make people take
money.
It's been almost Is years since
the first social security deductions
were withheld from salary envelopes
in January. 1887. Nearly 10 years
have passed since the initial benefit
payments were made to q relatively
small group who had reached or
passed their 65th birthdays. Yet, a
stubborn handful OF citizens-about
10000 at latest estimate-still don't
get the idea. These persons, all
eligible for social security pension
Dement'S, steadfastly refuse to collect
the insurance money for which they
already have paid q part Of their
wages.
Their reasons for spurning the
ready cash range from sheer peryer.
sity to complete misunderstanding.
but the majority Of objectors seem
to fit into one Of four main types.
First. We find the poor -boy-who-
needs 1t = but too proud to- take it
character who says haughtily: "I
won't accept charity. Not while I'm
able to work, won't
Suspicious Type
Then there's the cautious, wonder-
n-this-is-going -to-hurt-me type who
always suspects the motive behind
everything. Il sure need the money"
he admits. "but don't want the
State slapping lien on my little
piece OF property. Look what hap
pened to my friend down the street.
He got help and then the State put
In a claim on his house after he
died"
Thirdly comes the I've-got- mine
wish I = could help you get-yours
citizen. Il don't need the dough-"
he explains. Give 1t so some poor
guy who does"
And fourth. the I-hate- Demo-
Gratis type Of unreconstructed Repub-
lican who just snarls. "a fool New
Deal notion. Can't work. Won't have
anything to do with wasting the
country's money"
Social Security aides aren't wor-
ried by the last two groups of eligi-
bles. If a worker can reach retire.
ment age with a nice nest egg laid
away. more power to him, they say.
II the Grand Old Party'S vanishing
American refuses to take Democrat
money" that's his tough luck. It's
waiting for him if he wants it.
The first two types-the proud
and cautious boys-are causing the
trouble In Social Security field Of
fees. The problem has reached the
stage where field offices are plan
Evening star., 1951-10-14

Electric had opposed twas among
several witnesses to cite the dwind-
ling reserves of high-grade iron ore
in the Mesabi region at the head of
Lake Superior, a circumstance which
made imperative transportation of
newly developed deposits of iron ore
from Labrador. Midwest steel COM
panies. previously opposed, endorsed
it.
But hard on their heels came rep
resentatives OF the coal mines, the
railroads and the eastern seaboard
cities. They conjured up visions Of
ghost towns in mining areas, decline
OF railroad revenues and the suffer-
ing Of eastern seaboard port cities.
They answer that we fought World
War II without the Seaway, that
ore deposits in Texas and Mexico
could be utilized and transported via
the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to
the steel mills. They also contend
that the proposed 27-foot channel
would be used mostly by foreign
shipping, benefitting from American
expenditures.
Opposition is out Of all proportion
to the expense involved. Much of
the 27-foot channel needed for deep
draft vessels has already been
dredged. The longest stretch still
needing to be done is the 119 miles
between Montreal and Ogdensburg,
New York. OF the II locks, nine are
already in existence. To complete
this work and to construct a power
plant at Barnhart Island, the sum
OF 1913 million. a trifiing amount
by today's standards. would be
needed.
Senator Tobey. Republican, of
New Hampshire, one of 26 Senators
who introduced a Seaway resolution
prophesied that its construction
would bring an Industrial revival to
New England.
It looks now as though he might
never zee his prophecy come true.
Evening star., 1951-10-14
By Mary McGrory

stantially the same, met members
specific objections and incorporated
suggested changes. This included a
provision for financing construction
through bond issues and the estab-
liShment Of St. Lawrence fund in
the Treasury, and setting of toll rates
guaranteeing self liquidation.
AS special attraction to Repre-
sentative Angel, Republican, of Ore
gon, whose opposition had been at
least partly based on a provision
that turned over power rights to the
State Of New York, that section of
the previous bill was omitted.
Another Defect
But after several days of hearings
during which the opponents made
their disapproval felt-it was felt
that the best that could be hoped for
was 1918 tie-in effect. another
defeat. Rather than risk it, the
chairman decided to call the whole
thing of until January. Time is on
the supporters side, they feel, for
1t always brings changes in the per-
sonnel of the Public Works Com
nnittee. which is not an assignment
that is exactly sought after.
II In January the committee either
fails to call up the measure or votes
1t down, there is little doubt that
Canada will take over the job and
do it on her own.
Friends Of the Seaway had felt its
prospects were never brighter than
when hearings opened last February.
The Administration sent flying
wedge of top brass to the Hill to
plead adoption as defense measure.
Eminent people like Secretary OF
State Acheson pointed out the ad-
vantage in case of war of a protected
inland water route linking Duluth to
the ocean. The most prominent con-
vert, Defense Mobilizer Charles E.
W1son-who as President Of General
Evening star., 1951-10-14

to handle any further tax boosts, has
said fatty this is the last tax bill he
will support unless an all-out war
emergency develops.
Another member of the Finance
Committee has said privately he does
not think Congress will pass an
other tax bill before the 1852 election.
If that prediction proves accurate,
1t means that the party that wins
the election will have to face a major
fiscal operation late in 1852 or at
the start of the new Congress in 1858.
SoIes Tex Looms
The conservatives In Congress be-
lieve that when another tax bill Is
written they will have to turn to
some form Of general sales tax In
fact. there was considerable testimony
along that line this year. That has
always encountered strong opposition
from the liberals in both parties.
President Truman asked this ses-
sion to give him $40 billion tax bill.
That amount probably would have
balanced the budget for the current
year. But even such bill would
not have met the rate of spending
that is in prospect for 1853.
Budget officials cannot say with
certainty what the income and outgo
figures for next June 80 will be
until all the pending appropriation
bills have been passed. within the
next two weeks
Recent testimony indicates, how
ever, that in this fiscal year the
Treasury will pay out at least 1854
billion. and possibly $40 billion or
more
Before counting the new tax, con-
gressional experts figured the exist
ing tax laws would have brought in
Evening star., 1951-10-14

losing its superiority in atomic
weapons? What is the relative
strength Of the two nations. as far
as future atomic weapons are con-
cerned?
In contrast to the roseate views ex-
pressed by the President. Mr.. Nc
Mahon and Mr.. Dean, Secretary Low
EFT appears to be the one who is
striking closest to the real truth.
While he admits there has been
enough progress ITO encourage
very optimistic outlook for improved
American armament the idea of
quick, easy and inexpensive security
is exaggerated" Although we have
literally dozens of tactical atomic
weapons under study" it will be at
least three years before existing and
planned atomic plants can produce
those weapons in sufficient quantities
for troops to use them in the field,
tactically.
Mr.. Lovett is strongly supported
by Gen. Bradley, head of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff. A few days before
he left for the Middle East, Gen.
Bradley told the Senate Armed Serv-
ices Committee that such weapons
we're about four or five years away.
Evening star., 1951-10-14
St. Lawrence Seowoy Freezes Over Aooin

Once again. with the coming of
winter, prospects for the st. Law
renee Seaway are frozen over.
On Thursday, Representative Buck
ley. the New York Democrat who
heads the Public Works Committee,
announced that no further hearings
on the bill would be held until Con-
gress reconvehes in January.
Actually this was the second time
around this session in the commit
tee for this legislative hardy peren-
nial. 1t was tabled July 26, after
lengthy hearings and heated execu-
tive sessions. Its long history of try
and -try-again goes back to 1892,
when the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence
Deep Waterway Treaty, between the
United States and Canada. failed Of
ratification.
A combination navigation and
power measure, the bill has from
the start called into action the skilled
opposition of vociferous and organ
lied minority. It divides the Con-
greSs on sectional rather than party
lines. No burning national issue, it
was not even mentioned in either
party's presidential platform in 1948.
Another Try
After the July setback, however.
friends Of the bill were emboldened
by several developments to swing
into action once more. First, Canada's
Prime Minister st. Laurent told
President Truman that power-hun-
CRY Canada was ready to do it alone
If United States cooperation con-
tinued to be withheld. Second, one
OF the Seaway's most persistent OPP
ponents on the Public Works Com
mittee. Representative Pickett, of
Texas, left the group for the Judici-
airy Committee.
Representative Blatnik, a Demo-
crat whose State of Minnesota is par
ticularly In favor Of the Seaway, in
Eoduced . new bill which. while sub-