davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Charles Town Crowd
Hears Death Sentence
Read 10 John Brown
By George Kennedy
Stut Stoff CoFTespondent

CHARLES TOWN, w. Va, Sept.
Browns body lies a
in a grave in the dis
tant Adirondacks. but the fanati-
cal abolitionist of Osawatomie has
come back to life in a pageantry
with which this community is cele-
brating it's sesquicentennial.
John is played by William Wy
song, jr., a young man who is as
tall as the original, 6 foot 3. and
who has grown a beard for the
occasion. The beard, however. is
not as long as John Browns.
John Browns Fort" at nearby
Harpers Ferry is getting lot of
visitors during the celebration,
which is to continue all week. The
fort" is an old firehouse. which
stood near the bridge across the
Potomac. 1t was used by the Fed
eral Government as an arsenal in
1859, when Brown captured it with
his army of 81 men. 1t has been
rebuilt high on the hill on the
campus of Storer College, a Negro
land grant school.
Nights Pageant.
Here in Charles Town they have
rolled out the old farm wagon
that carried John, sitting on his
coffin, from the jail to the gal
lows. 1t is in front of the court
house, an 1870 building. which
replaced the one in which John
was convicted of treason against
Virginia.
John dominates the pageant OF
Jefferson County's history. which
lis being played nightly at the
Charles Town race track.
Today is West Virginia Day, and
Gov. Okey Patteson is expected tt
review the mammoth parade,
which will roll out old fire equip
ment manned by scores of Charles
Town young men who have not
shaved in weeks in order to give
the town a frontier appearance.
Old Flint Locks Displayed.
Every old house in the country
must have had a flintlock over
the mantel or in the attic, and
now all of them are on exhibit
in the windows Of the Charles
Town stores.
Col. Robert r. Mccormick, pub
fisher of the Chicago Tribune and
the Washinton Times Hearld,
spoke here last night at the race
track before the start of the
pageant. His subject was THE
South in the Revolutionary War"
He reminded his audience that
Virginians fought and won the
battle of Great Bridge in the
same year of the battles of Lex
ington and Concord celebrated
by Longfellow's second-class poem,
Paul Revere's Ride"
Using a nine-foot map and a
pointer, he showed the strategic
importance of the Illinois county
during the War for independence
The occasion of Col. McCor.
mick's visit was Freedom of thu
Press Day"
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Justice Department
Queried as 10 Stand
On Racing Wire Ban
BY the Associated Press

The Senate Commerce Commit
tee called on the Justice Depart
ment today to disclose its stand on
a bill drafted by Senate crime in
vestigators to deny wire service to
bookmakers.
Spokesman for the Justice De-
partment and the Federal Com
munications Commission were
1ead-off witnesses at hearing on
a trio of bills aimed at throttling
big-time illegal gambling opera
tionS.
Chairman Wayne Coy of the
FEC already has advised the COM
mittee of his opposition to the race
wire bill as impracticable but no
reply was received in advance to
a request for the Justice Depart
ment's reaction.
O'ConOr Expresses PuzZlement.
The Senate Crime Investigating
Committee, which went out of
existence September l after a IS
month probe of the Nations
underworld, had understood that
the Justice Department agreed
with the licensing system it pro-
posed to shut off wire service to
bookieS.
Senator O'Conor, Democrat, of
Maryland who headed the crime
inquiry. told a reporter he had
been puzzled by the Justice De-
partment's failure to respond to
the Commerce Committees re-
quest, submitted late in May. for
its views on the race wire measure.
1t would require persons to
obtain a license from the FEC to
transmit in interstate commerce
information about horse or dog
races or gambling information
about other sports events.
Would Exempt Newspapers.
The measure would exempt
newspapers of general circulation,
radio stations and legitimate press
services.
An alternate bill has been in
troduced by Chairman Edwin C.
johnson of the Commerce Com
mittee and it also is UP for con-
sideration at the hearings. 1t
would make it unlawful to send
across State lines prior to the
start of a race such information
about horse and dog races as bet
ting odds, scratches and Jockey
changes.
The other two anti-crime bills
to be considered also are aimed
at illegal gambling activities.
One would make it unlawful to
use the mails or other interstate
facilities to make or pay off debts
and would tighten the present lot
terry and slot machine laws and
extend them to other gambling
devices.
The other would make it a
Federal crime to use wig-wag
signals. special codes or radio
equipment to get information from
race tracks or other sports events
Evening star., 1951-09-19
RFC
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First PageO
per City Mining Co. which had
obtained a loan the previous June.
Mr.. Morris has been identified as
a former Democratic National
Committee member.
Mr.. Willet also testified that
he got a few calls from the
White House but none of them
related to Lithofold. He said
that Presidential Secretary Mat
thew Connolly once called him in
connection with a $4,000 loan
somewhere down south" Mr..
Connolly called on another oc-
casion to request that he see a
Key West, Fla, man who wanted
a loan to buy hotel. Mr.. Willett
related. The witness added that
the Florida man did not get a
loan.
Says Steelman Called.
Another call from the White
House came from John r. Steel
man, a presidential assistant, Mr..
Willett said. That call concerned
IA proposed underground garage
project in Boston. The project,
which never went through, was
discussed at the Fulbright SUBJ
committee inquiry earlier this
year.
The current subcommittee,
headed by Senator Hoey, Demo-
Icrat. of North Carolina, learned
today that the White House re-
Gently asked Mr.. Willett whether
Mr.. Boyle or Donald S. Dawson,
IA presidential assistant, ever
called him about the Lithofold
loans. Mr.. Willett explained that
the recent call from the White
House was in connection with
President Truman's investigation
|of the published stories concern
ing Mr.. Boyle. The President
stated that he found no evidence
|of improper conduct by Mr.. Boyle.
The name of Guy Gabrielson,
present chairman of the Repub-
lican National Committee, came
Eup at today'S hearing. Mr.. Gun
Iderson said he talked with Mr.
Gabrielson on an RFC loan matter
before Mr.. GabrielSon became ma
tional chairman. Mr.. Willett also
NOTED that the RFc made a big
loan to a company for which Mr.
Gabrielson was an attorney. He
added that this was long before
he became national chairman.
In connection with the Litho-
fold applications, Mr.. Willett told
the subcommittee he could give
no reason why the first applica-
Ition. which had been disapproveo
by the st. Louis RFC office was
brought to his attention within
"a hours after it reached RFC
headquarters here in December
1948.
Senator Mcclellan, Democrat
of Arkansas remarked at one stage
of the questioning that "if the
number of calls Mr.. Willett got
from the Democratic Nationa
Committee in two years is indica.
tive of the number that other RFC
Officials received from that com.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
The Federal Spotlight
Continued From First Page.)

CONTINUED From First Page)
have to be settled in House-Senate
conference.
There is some sentiment in the
Senate for seeing to it in con-
ference that classified employees
get the same $400 minimum raise
guarantees that was given postal
workers. Senator Carlson, Repub-
llican. of Kansas, said he hopes
House-Senate conferences will give
this matter their serious atten-
Ition. Incidentally, the Kansan may
be selected as one of the Senate
Iconferees on the bill.
Naturally, Federal employees have
mixed views on which is better
the House bill or the Senate's. For
employees earning less than 81 900
year. the House measure is pref
cradle. 1t would give them a
$400 increase, whereas the Senate
bill would give them less.
For employees making more than
$4,000 a year, the Senate's 10 per
cent increase would give them the
greatest raise. Both measures, in
cidentally, provide for a retro
active raise to July /.
Regarding postal workers, there
isn't much to choose between the
House and Senate bills. Both meas.
ures provide for $400 to $500 6
year increase for postal workers
with the great majority receiving
$400. The formula is different, but
the results are about the same.
|
APPLIES TO ALL-The pa,
raise legislation has raised few
questions among Government EN-
ployeS. One is whether it applie
only to permanent status employees
The answer is that all Government
classified and postal employees
whether they have permanen
status or if they are temporar.
workers hired for the nationa
emergency program, will receiv
pay raises.
Another question is how lonl
employees need to have been OF
the Federal payroll in order t.
Evening star., 1951-09-19

District of Columbia - Mostly
sunny with high of so. Fair with
low of so tonight. Tomorrow, sun
ny and warm.
Maryland Fair tonight with
low of 50-56. Tomorrow, sunny
and warmer in the afternoon.
Virginia - Fair tonight and
Evening star., 1951-09-19
The Weather Here and Over the Nation

Thursday with little change IN
temperature. Low of so in west
tonight; $3.50 on the coast.
Wind: Northeast at five miles
an hour at 1880 am.
District Medical Society rag
weed pollen count for "a hours
ended $50 am, 81 grains per
cubic yard of air.
Evening star., 1951-09-19

mittee, 1t certainly would seem
that the committee headquarters
was a pretty active. place" Mr..
Willett replied that he did not
think Democratic Committee Off
cials had been "unduly solicitous''
because most of their calls were
simply to refer people or informa-
ton requests to RFC.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Boswell Heads Chest Unit

Harry A. Boswell. jr.. president
of the Prince Georges County Real
Estate Board, has been named to
head solicitation for the Com
munity Chest among the county's
real estate firms.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Goods Enrolment Jumps

A jump in the coed popula-
ton at the University of Mary
land has made it necessary to
convert former officers barracks
into a dormitory for at least 81
girls.
The two-story building previ-
.ously housed part of the zoology
department, nursery school and
Offices for the faculty and the
Prince Georges health clinic.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Propose New District
In North Virqinio

Proposals to set up a new con-
Igressional district in Northern vi
ginia were being studied today by
Gov. Battles Redistricting Com
mission.
Those who presented the plan
at the commissions meeting in
Richmond yesterday, however,
disagreed on the makeup Of the
new 10th district.
Republicans suggested that the
new district include Prince Will
liam County in addition to Arling-
ton and Fairfax Counties and the
cities of Alexandria and Falls
Church. But the Democratic
Northern Virginia legislative dele
cation recommended that Prince
William County be left in its
present district, the 9th.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
GreenbeIt Elects

Four of Greenbelt's five coun-
cilmen have been returned to
Office.
Only 636 votes were cast yes
terday in one of the lightest
ballotings in the towns history.
Reelected were Frank j. Lastner,
James M. Wolse. Thomas j. Can
ming and Steve Comings. The
only new face on the council is
BENJAMIN P. Goldfaden
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Surplus in Dispute

The question of whether Prince
Georges County has a surplus
was still disputed today.
In an audit reported to the
county commissioners yesterday,
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Ease Cemetery Curbs

Zoning restrictions on the To-
cation of new cemeteries were
eased by the Montgomery County
Council yesterday.
The council approved an
amendment to the zoning law to
permit cemeteries in residential
areas. At the same time, the
group acted favorably on an ap-
plication to establish a cemetery
on the Wilkins estate between the
Rockville pike and Viers Mill road.
Evening star., 1951-09-19

Record Temperatures This Year.
Highest, 90, on June 2
Lowest, IL. on February 8.
High and Low of Last RI Hours.
High, 70, at 4:1O pm.
Low, 81. at midnight.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Civiton Outing Friday

The Bethesda Civitan Club will
hold its annual golf outing at noon
Friday at the Bethesda Country
Club. Dinner will be served at 7
pm.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
Maryland and Virginia
News in Brief
News in Brief

IA Baltimore accounting firm said
the county on June 80 had $843,-
786 in unallocated funds in it's
general account.
But Thomas E. Latimer, chair
man of the Republican board,
contended the money should be
used to pay off certain obligations.
Attorneys to the former Demo-
cratic board have claimed the
funds are surplus.
Evening star., 1951-09-19

Scattered showers predicted tonight in the Upper
and Central Mississippi Valley Central and Northern Plains
States Florida Showers also forecast for
Northern Arizona California mountains 1t will
generally rest of the Nation except for fog along the
Pacific Coast 1t will be cooler in the Dakotas and Montana
with little change in temperature elsewhere the Nation
ZAP Wirephoto Map.
Evening star., 1951-09-19
River Report.

River Report.
(From u S. EngineerS)
Potomac River clear at Harpers Ferry
and at Great Falls; Shenandoah clear at
HarperS Ferry.
Evening star., 1951-03-25
Famous Vice Presidents
Seven Men Reached the Presidency
Because of the Death of Chief Executive
BY John CIoqett Proctor

OF the 80 Presidents OF the Fods Theater in this
United States seven have entered died the next morning
the White House result OF o'clock at SIG Tenth street
the death of the occupant of tae the theater
exalted Office These have been ing Mr. johnson took
Tyler Fillmore Johnson Arthur office in the Kkwood
Evening star., 1951-03-25
By Fronk [. Beer

The present plan of the Federal
Government to divest Washington
of thousands of workers in the
executive departments has pro-
voked as many pros" and cons
as did a similar suggestion in
President Madison's day. Only
then there wasn't any well-laid
plan and dispersal" as a word
wasn't in popular usage.
In August, 1914, when the Brit
ish were raiding the Chesapeake
Bay hamlets, Washington was a
slow and easy town of approx
mately 5000 persons. Mr.. Madi-
son was the White House occu-
pant. William Jones was Secre-
tary of the Navy. James Monroe
was Secretary of State. General
John Armstrong headed the War
Gen. William H
Winder was in command of what
Washington troops he could gather
together and train without bene-
fit of equipment. This curious
state of affairs was brought on
by the obstinate Armstrong who
refused to issue army supplies to
Winder's command.
Politics was in the saddle. Mad
ison was an amiable man but a
weak President in time of crisis
Sydney Howard Gay. one of his
biographers, writes that when war
was thrust upon him "he neither
knew what to do with it himself
Evening star., 1951-03-25
By Randolph Leigh

and farming land and for some
kind of housing. Colonial and
trusteeship administrators es-
tablished housing and land con-
troll systems which predated and
are not basically different from
those more recently imposed on
the Western world. But, unfor-
tunately, what started as a
simple family saving arrange
ment has made woman a me-
dium of exchange. That is how
lobola comes into the question
of whether or not we are to
get enough cobalt, columbite,
uranium and the rest.
One man on the productive
line-whether in grazing. farm
ing or factory-had right to
the use of a certain amount of
land within workable distance
of some means of getting it to
a market Transportation is the
bottleneck in Africa). -. That
was simple enough. 1t was basic
that he would have at least one
wife, and provision was made
for plural wives. for the ele-
mental reason that wives fire.
quently come that way there.
A man, therefore, was given
one land allotment for himself
and a third of an allotment for
each wife. Still no complica-
tions appeared. until the recent
piling up of population for war
essentials in critical areas
started a land boom, which in
this case took the form of a
wife boom. One could not get
extra land by money or by in
fluence, but could do so simply
by showing a wife or wives. In
the good old days a wife cost
the bridegroom about $50. Now
the market has shot up to $500
as the lobola fee. This has re-
suited in the attempt by certain
chiefs to collect a large num-
ber of wives. This tendency,
which began under the pressure
of World War II, has reached
serious proportions today.
Administrators Dismayed
Colonial administrators and
young, wage-earning natives
have been dismayed by this
turn of events. The native press
and the young natives have de-
nounced it as black slavery.
Runners who formerly went
into the back country to bring
down laborers at 81 a head, now
get $40 for finding and bring
ing in girls of tender age whose
parents are willing to sell them
for $500.
Until only recently Africa
was getting most commodities
free from wartime rationing.
Butter for instance was on the
free list only last November.
Now a new rationing system
and a new price control plan is
being put into operation, and
it is beginning with women.
Lobola must not exceed five
cows and five goats per wife.
The new ceiling price was ar
ranged by white administrators
for the ancient and once purely
ritualistic purchase. price at the
time of marriage. 1t is against
that ceiling that 10 chiefs have
just announced they will ap-
peal.
Evening star., 1951-03-25
Africa Fixes Cei|inq Price for Brides

The fact that Africa has a
near-monopoly on the SUPER
explosive components COBALT,
columbite, uranium and lobola
is apt to create a three-ring
circus within the United Ma
tions.
These first three elements
need little introduction. Cobalt
ties up with "alnico" (alumi-
mum, nickel-cobalD magnets
and is basic to the high-tem-
perature alloys, including cut
ting and machining steel. Co.
lumbite enables steel to endure
extreme heat and is vital to jet
engines. Uranium, of course,
means the atomic bomb.
Lobola may determine wheth-
er the United States and its
Allies get an adequate supply of
strategic raw materials from
the Dark Continent.
Lobola is not an ingredient Of
a superbomb, yet has the
qualities of a bombshell. 1t
means the purchase price of a
bride in Africa. And like nearly
everything else in the world, 10
bola has been caught in the
spiral of imitation.
New Social Problem
The great demand on Africa
for strategic materials, includ-
ing copper, rubber and tin as
we'll as those mentioned earlier.
has brought swift increase in
native population in the con-
tinent's productive centers. 1t
has led to more misery in less
favored areas and resulted in a
new social problem. These
changes have brought an ap-
peal to the U. N. that probably
will mean a public airing OF the
lobola issue which has smol-
dered for half a century.
That issue, on which, for a
change, the colonial officials are
on the popular side, will in
evitably grow into a full-dress
review of colonialism and trus-
teeship on the Dark Continent.
with new headaches for the
propaganda of the democratic
bloc.
Lobola, or bride purchase at
a token fee. and polygamy are
as old as history in Africa. In
taking over, the colonial ad-
ministrators left those basic in
stitutions untouched, and have
founded their rule on the dele
CATION of most authority to the
native chiefs. What has upset
the applicant has been the
question of how to provide for
the actual conditions of life
under the tribal and polygam-
GUS system and at the same
time cope with the land short
age in those areas near the
productive centers of modern
war and industrial raw mate
rials-cobalt, copper and the
rest, as already outlined.
The parts of Africa in which
the white man has struck it
rich and to which his wages,
however meager, have drawn
the hungry natives, have not
been the lands of adequate rain
fall and abundant usable land.
Consequently with the piling up
of native population. there has
been heaty demand for grazing
Evening star., 1951-03-25
Defense Role for Israel?
Nation, Facing Economic Collapse,
Has Scheme for Military Workshop
By Floro Lewis

has no raw materials Of Its own,
and its metals industries are pri-
Imarily devoted to turning out
piping and other domestic require
|ments from imported steel sheets.
A standstill in production of
pipes and fertilizers alone could
be enough to cripple the country.
since. as one government official
said. without them. there is no
Irrigation and no agriculture. and
without agriculture there can be
mo country"
In fact, hardly a single industry
has escaped the effect OF the
shortage of imported raw mate
rials. Supplies have dwindled to
the point of not only preventing
the industrial and agricultural ex-
pansion which is essential toI
maintain the constantly growing
population of the barest minimum
standards, but also Of reducing
existing output.
Other Shortages
Among export industries. the
all . important food processing
plants have had to cut their work
to half or even one-third Of capac-
ity for lack of sugar, tinplate and
chemicals. Textile plants lack
fibers, dye plants. lack chemicals.
The pharmaceutical factories have
been able to continue at full ca
pacity by increasing their output
of certain products for which sup
plies are still on hand and aban-
doning completely the manufac-
ture of preparations requiring
vitamins, hormones and many
other unobtainable ingredients.
With these problems added to
imitation and other financial wor-
ries, industrialists, trade union
leaders and government officials
have now concluded that it is i'm
possible to come anywhere near
fulfilling the development plans
laid down at the time of the Is
raeli States formation, even as
suming an inflow of great
amounts of foreign capital.
They are not yet ready to say
so publicly, but they have come to
consider the Western defense
workshop" plan as the only fea-
sible way out. The plan envisages |
the use of Israels industrial ca
pacity for the production of sup
plies needed not only by British
and American forces in the Middle
East, but also for delivery to such
countries as Greece and Turkey
under Allied air programs. 1t is
claimed that Israel could produce
many of these supplies and deliver
them more quickly and more
than is now being done.
During the last war, Palestine
supplied the British forces with a.
long list of goods that ranged from
processed foods and uniforms to
land mines and special lorry
bodies. Haifa port served as an
important repair and bunker sta
ton. and could easily do so again. |.
In return, the Israelis would
wish to be assured regular alloca-
tions of the materials required
presumably enough to meet essen
tial domestic requirements as well
as what would be produced for the
Allies
Copyright. London Observer Foreign
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