davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Court
0ber Law
Constitutional
Decision Expedited
On Loyalty Ooths for
Political Candidates

The Supreme Court today gave
approval to Maryland's anti
subversive Ober law oath. which
requires candidates for State and
city Offices to swear they are not
engaged in any attempt to over
throw the Government by force
and violence.
The law had been attacked by
Thelma Gerende of Baltimore,
who sought to run for the Balti-
more City Council on the Progress
sive Party ticket, but refused to
sign loyalty OATH.
The courts opinion was un-
signed and was limited to only
about 200 words.
1t explained the high tribunal
understood Maryland courts as
deciding that to obtain a place on
Maryland ballot a candidate
need only make oath that he is
not a person who is engaged lin
one way or another in the attempt
to overthrow by force and vio-
lence" and that he is not know
ingly a member of an organization
engaged in such an attempt.
Refused To Sign Oath.
The opinion added that during
argument Attorney General Hall
Hammond of Maryland informed
the court that he would advise the
proper authorities of Maryland to
accept an affidavit from candi-
dates "in these terms as satisfying
in full the statutory requirement"
Under these circumstances and
with this understanding" the Su-
preme Courts opinion said, the
judgment of the Maryland Court
of Appeals is affirmed"
Maryland State courts held that
to become a candidate for the
Baltimore Council Miss Gerende
was obliged to sign a loyalty oath.
She refused to do so on grounds
that such an oath was an unlaw-
full interference with freedom Of
speech and thought.
Justice Reed concurred in the
opinion today.
Baltimore's election day is May
3 and because of the time limit,
the Supreme Court took the un-
usual step Of taking up the case
out of the regular order. It also
departed from precedent in hand-
ing down the decision on q Thurs
day, rather than the customary
Monday.
Decision Expedited.
Counsel for Miss Gerende had
asked the court 10 rule speedily.
so that its decision could be in
the hands Of the Board of Super
visorS of Elections of Baltimore
City well before election.
Oral arguments were heard only
on Monday and the Supreme
Court acted with unusual speed
in rendering its decision so soon.
Mr.. Hammond told the Supreme
Court, in arguing for upholding
the validity Of the oath and this
part Of the Ober Law under at
tack. that the law was carefully
drawn. Deputy Attorney General
]. Edgar Harvey told the highest
court that the law was over
whelmingly approved by the
voters.
Counsel for Miss Gerende had
argued that both the Ober Law
and the Maryland Court of Ap-
peals decision upholding it's pro-
visions were vague and uncertain.
They maintained that the law at
tackled beliefs and ideas and that
it violated the First Amendment
to the Federal Constitution.
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Corregidor Moy Get
Its Name Changed to
| Macarthur Island
Az The Associated Press

MANILA, April 12.-Change
the name of historic Corregi-
dor to Macarthur Island?
That's what three members
Of the Philippines Congress
want to do. They introduced a
bill last night to rename the
island in Manila Bay where
Gen. Macarthur had his head
quarters during the defense of
Bataan In 1942.
Evening star., 1951-04-12

and said "the memory of his bene-
factions will live forever in the
hearts of the japanese people. .
Three major japanese polit-
ical parties agreed to join in a
resolution of thanks to Gen. Mac
Arthur.
Proposed by Liberals.
Prime Minister Yoshida's $ Liberal
Party proposed the resolution and
the Democrats and Socialists said
they would join.
The Japanese Communist Party
said Gen. MacArthur's replace
ment occurred because of in
tensifled contradiction and conflict
among the imperialist nations"
Mr.. Yoshida said his govern
ment was notified yesterday "that
the retirement of Gen. Macarthur
in no way denotes or implies any
change whatsoever in the con-
sistent United States policy toward
Japan or the Far East"
He said the United States as
sured the Japanese that the re.
moval of Gen. Macarthur will moi
affect the United States deter.
mination to press forward with its
efforts to conclude a treaty o1
peace as soon as possible on the
basis already discussed with JAP
anese leaders"
Assurances Given.
Mr.. Yoshida said the government
replied Immediately to the mes
sage, which also asked for the
same high degree of co-opera-
ton" with Gen. Ridgway as with
Gen. Macarthur. He said the
Japanese reply gave assurance o1
our determination to continue
more than ever our cooperation
fG r>rJy@ -
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Reds Lose Five Planes Yoshida Assures U. 5.
In Two Roaring Fights MCo-operaiion and
Over Northwest KoreaPrais Macarthur
l52 Croft Clash in Biggest
Jet Bottle in History;
All American Return
BY the Asseeioied Press

TOKYO, April 12.-American
warplanes shot down S enemy
jets. probably destroyed 2 more
and damaged Is today In two
roaring air fights over Northwest
Korea.
ALI American planes came safely
out of the battles.
One OF the thunderous clashes
was the biggest jet fight in history.
1T involved 152 jet planes-So
Russian-made MIG-15s as1d 72
American F-86s and F-84s-and
aboaut 49 B-29 medium bombers.
On the ground, two Chinese di-
visions pulled back suddenly and
lmysteriously on the central front
American troops pushed cautiously
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Screen Writer Name,
Budd SchuIberg as
Ex-HoIIywood Red
Collins Tells of Own
Membership in Porty,
Lists Novelist, Others
By /. Edaor Primo

Screen Writer Richard j. Collins
today admitted he had been a
Communist for 10 years and
named several other top film
writer's as members of the same
Red group to which he had. be-
longed in Hollywood.
He told the House Committee on
Un-American Activities that Budd
Schulberg, Albert Maltz, Rins
Lardner. jr., and John Howard
Lawson all had been fellow mem
bers of the Communist Party ir
the early 1940s.
Schulberg hit the top of the
best-seller list last fall with "The
Disenchanted," which was closely
patterned after the life of F. Scott
Fitzgerald. the author spokesman
of the jazz age.
The 37-year-oid authors first
novel--written when he was 26
-as the story Of q heel" in Holly
wood. what Makes Sammy Run?''
Collins testified that Schulberg
cleft the party right after his
book came out" It was published
on March 27, 1941.
Tells of Writers Guild.
Collins testified that he had be-
come a Communist in 1898 and
had quit in late 1947. He said he
had attended during that time
about 5000 hours of meetings
of Communist groups.
"And I might add" he said,
that's enough for a lifetime"
BY far the most informed and
willing witness on Communism in
the film capital to appear before
the committee so far. Collins gave
these reasons for the Communist
Party's interest in inf1ltrating
Hollywood:
"To influence the content of
films where possible; to stop or
abate anti Communist films; to
tap what they felt would be a
lucrative source for party funds,
and because the party throught
it would be advantageous and
easy to use a concentration of
partially frustrated creative
people"
The witness described the re-
organization of the Screen Writer'S
Guild in the late 1930s under the
guidance of v. j. Jerome, the
Communist Rarty's cultural COM
missar. Collins said that, al
though non Communists belonged
to the reconstructed Guild, Reds
dominated it until the first House
Committee hearing on Hollywood
in 1947.
Three Jailed for Contempt.
Lawson, Maltz and Lardner
we're members of the so-called
Hollywood Ten" all of whom
were jailed on contempt-o Con-
gress charges for refusing to an
swer committee questions on
Communism in 1947.
Lawson was the accepted Com
munist leader in Hollywood, Col
lins asserted.
He said Lawson directed the
Guild after Jerome's organizing
work had been completed.
Collins, who wrote the film
Song of Russia and "As thou
sands Cheer" said he haG Joined
the Young Communist League in
New York in the mid-30s. He said
that he was led into the party
(See UN-AMERICAN, Pig. A-14.)
Evening star., 1951-04-12

National Guard Long Toms" Go Into
Action in Korea. Poee Alb
ahead in their wake against no
opposition. Staff officers said they
were puzzled by the enemy with
drawal.
Crossing Bitterly Opposed.
The two Red Divisions yesterday
bitterly opposed Allied crossings of
the Hantan River south of Chor-
won. They fought from the crag-
gy hills north of the river. But
they broke contact last night.
South Korean troops on the east
coast stabbed 26 miles into North
Korea in the deepest North Ko-
rean penetration of the current
United Nations drive.
In history's biggest jet battle,
the 80 MICS swooshed out of Red
Manchuria against 70 American
jets flying cover for 80 to 40 B-29
Superforts. The B-29s dropped
300 tons of bombs on the vital
railroad bridge across the Yalu
River between Antung. Manchuria,
and Sinuiju, Korea.
The American jets shot down
two MICS, probably destroyed two
others and damaged '13. A B-29
gunner brought down third Red
jet. B-29s also damaged another
Red jet. Two B-29s were dam
aged, but landed safely in Korea
The others returned to their Jap
anese or Okinawa bases.
Battle in "MIG Alley"
The second air battle fiared
later today in the center of MIG
Alley between Sinuiju and Sinan-
Iju. In this action Is Communist
jets attacked IL American Sabre
jets.
The Sabres shot down two Red
jets and probably destroyed an
other. The hight ragged for Is
minutes from $4,000 down to 1000
feet altitude.
Heavy fighting also swirled near
Yanggu on the southeastern edge
of the great Hwachon reservoir.
Tight censorship obscured the de-
tails.
South Korean troops on the east
coast swept northward to the town
of Kansong, 26 miles inside Red
Korea. 1t was the deepest pene-
tration in the current Allied Of
fensive.
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Bulletin

Draft Segregation Plan Lose.
The House tentatively
knocked from its draft bill today
provision to allow white
youths to request assignment to
military units not containing
Negroes. The vote was 17S
to 126.
Earlier Story ON Page B-4.)
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Trumon Won't Hold
Weekly Conference
With Press Today
BY the Associated Press

President Truman will omit
his weekly news conference
today.
Announcing this yesterday.
the White House gave no ex-
PLANTATION. But it may be
that the President wished to
let his speech last night on
Far Eastern policies stand as
his comment on the replace
ment of Gen. Macarthur.
Evening star., 1951-04-12

did not become an official de-
cision, however, until several days
later-after the President had
consulted his most trusted ad-
visers IN his own official family
and in Congress.
These and the related events
and decisions were told to this
reporter by supporters of Mr.. Tru-
man, close enough to see the whole
picture emerge. Their account,
which of course reflects admins
tration thinking, follows:
Mr.. Truman first learned of the
Macarthur letter to Mr.. Martin
when an aide carried news
ticker account of it into the
Chief Executives oval Office and
laid it on the Presidents desk.
The letter was direct chal-
Evening star., 1951-04-12
House Republican Policy Com

House Republican Policy Com
mittee.
Original plans, Mr.. Martin said
were for Gen. Macarthur to re-
turn by boat. In that case il
would be at least three weeks be-
fore he could arrive here.
Mr.. Martin said he had heard
from a reliable source-and not
from Gen. Macarthur himself
that the General might fly back
here next week. Mr.. Martin did
not disclose the source.
At a news conference shortly
after noon, the Republican leader
also said he would go before the
House Rules Committee tomorrow
to urge approval of a resolution
inviting Gen. Macarthur to ad-
dress a joint session of Congress
No Opposition Expected.
Mr.. Martin said he did not ex-
pect any opposition on the House
floor to having Gen. Macarthur
appear, and remarked:
Even a Democrat might want
some knowledge
Several Republicans said they
wanted to speed the Generals re-
turn because public sentiment
seemed to be with him now.
''It could cool off if we waited
three weeks" one Republican re-
marked.
In the event the Democrats OPP
pose and block the move. one
Republican said they are consid-
sring the renting of "the biggest
hall we could hire" for a party
conference to which every one
would be invited.
Senate Attitude Uncertain.
Meanwhile. the House Republi-
can Policy Committee adopted a
resolution suggesting that the flr-
ing of Gen. Macarthur may pave
the way for er-Munich"
peace settlement by the Truman
Acheson- Marshall triumvirate."
Mr.. Martin said that he die
not know what the Senate atti-
tude would be. A fight over the
move loomed there and one Dem
ocratic Senator-Kerr of Okla
homa-said he would do all he
could to block it. Senator Kerr
said he thought Congress should
obtain Gen. MacArthur's views,
but in a manner-before commit
tees-tllat the Far Eastern COM
mander could be questioned and
examined on the controversial
events leading up to his dismissal
With President Truman's radio
and television broadcast last night
defending his action only feeding
the flames of their wrath, the Re-
publican leaders said they would
find some means to have Gen.
Macarthur present his views to
Congress and the world.
Wherry Presses for Action.
Senate Minority Leader Wherry
said he would continue to press
for action on a resolution he in
troduced yesterday.
Consideration of the resolution
was blocked in the Senate yester-
day by Majority Leader McFar.
land. Senator Wherry acknowl-
edged that the parliamentary sit.
uation practically ruled out any
possibility of getting any actor
on it today.
The Republicans centered or
getting Gen. Macarthur here aftel
furious round of conference.
yesterday during which there was
in the heat of the feelings anc
Continued on Page A-3, Col. l.,
Evening star., 1951-04-12

who subscrlbe to The SfoF turn 70 fhh
classified section when they hove goods
or services to buy or sell. Coll Sterling
5000. Advertise in Woshinston's mum
Der I classified medium.
Evening star., 1951-04-12

fled od in The
Stor.
M ore tn n
5000 employ
ment dds oppeor
in The Star
classified I'D sec
tion eoch month.
This is more thon
the three other
W as hin I on
newspapers COM
bined. The thou.
sonds Of people
Evening star., 1951-04-12

AUGSBURG. Germany, April IL
up Gen. Eisenhower finished a
|four-day inspection of Allied
forces in West Germany today and
said his next field tour as Atlantic
pact commander will be ito the
north and Italy"
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Generals Benefuctions
Will Live Forever in
Hearts Of People, He Says
by iae Associated Press

TOKYO, April 12.-Prime Min
lister Shigeru Yoshida said today
the japanese government has as
sured the United States of its
determination to continue more
than ever its cooperation under
1t. Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, the
new supreme commandeg Of the
occupation.
At the same time. Mr.. Yoshida
paid tribute to Gen. Macarthur
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Text Of Trumon Address on Macarthur
and For Eost Policy. Poee A-lS
Messages Pour Into White House; Most
Protest Macarthur Custer. Poee A-3
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Here Is q Tip
For Job Hunters

II you need o job. don't just dreom
obout getting one. Tell 10000 people
you need work. Tell them about your
qualifications. Do il through elossi-
Evening star., 1951-04-12
By John N. Hi9htower
c.tf \Ay..

President Truman personally
concluded that Gen. Macarthur
had to go as soon as he saw a
copy of Gen. MacArthur's letter
to House Republican Leader Mar
tin.
That was last Thursday after
noon. Mr.. Truman's conclusion
Evening star., 1951-04-12
President Makes
Strong Bid for
Public Support
By Cecil Holland

A fortnight bid by President
Truman for support in his dis
missal of Gen. Macarthur from
his Pacific commands was before
the American people today.
Less than "a hours after issuing
the orders relieving Gen. Mac
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Doris Fleeson's Account of Events Leading
to Custer. Poee ABB
Evening star., 1951-04-12

newsmen we're summoned to a
post-midnight conference, where
it was announced that Gen. Mac
Arthur had been fired.
That Notwithstanding announce
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Widely Different Opinions Expressed in
United Stotes Newspapers. Pose AS
Todoy's lnstolment Of Riddle of Mac
Arthur" Describes Chorocter. Poee "A
Evening star., 1951-04-12
By Edword Harris
A Washington Correspondent Of
The 81. Louis Poxt-Dispoteh

Amidst loud partisan demands
for the impeachment of President
Truman, it was learned today
that the President himself, in a
fit of pique, telephoned one Sen
ator and sarcastically offered to
help" if the Senator wanted to
start Impeachment proceedings
against him.
The episode took place late
Tuesday afternoon. hours before
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Gen. Whitney Denies Macarthur Violated
Any 1rumon Order Pose A.6
Firing Of Macarthur Acclaimed by Both
Sides in Europe. Poee ALL
Evening star., 1951-04-12

6. o. P. Impeachment" outeries Abote
in Light Of Realities. Page A.
Andrew Johnson Was Only President In.
peoched-ond He Won. Pose All
Evening star., 1951-04-12

(see TOKYO, Page A-3.0
Evening star., 1951-04-12

tsee TRUMAN, Page A-31
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Macarthur May Fly Back to U.S..
Next Week. Martin Says, While
Truman Foes Hit Policy Speech
Republicans Vow
To Bring General
Before Congress

Gen. Macarthur may fly back
to the United States next week
to present his views to Congress,
House Republican Leader Martin
said today.
Mr.. Martin made the announce
ment after a morning meeting of
Evening star., 1951-04-12

National Guord Long Toms" Go lnto
Action in Korea. Poee Alb
Evening star., 1951-04-12
Ends Reich Tour

(see TAX BENEFITS, Page A-20.'
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Continued on Page A-3, Col. /
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Cloudy, rain ending early tonight. High,
middle COS; low. az. Tomorrow cloudy and
cooler "Details on Page A-29
Temperatures Today.
Evening star., 1951-04-12

(See UNIV, Page A-200
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Continued on Page A-12, Col. 81
Evening star., 1951-04-12

An Associoted Press Newspoper
Evening star., 1951-04-12

(See UN-AMERICAN, Pg. A-14.}
Evening star., 1951-04-12

Late New York Markets, Poee B-ll
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1951-02-22
ENGAGEMENT Announced

Mr.. and Mrs. Marvin F.. Fowler,
of Washington, D. c., have an
nounced the engagement of their
daughter, Miss Indie Bell Fowler,
to Mr.. Harold NJ. Sprague, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold D. Sprague,
of West Fifth Street. Mr.. Sprague,
Photographers Mate, U. S. N, is
Stationed at Patuxent Naval Air
Station, Maryland. A fall wedding
is planned.
The bride elect is the grand
daughter of the late DR.. Luis
Felipe Corea, former Nicaraguan
minister to the United States, and
the late Sonora de Corea.
Mr.. Fowler, the bride elects
father, is Pathologist with the De-
partment of Agriculture, and last
summer was in charge of the
worlds first airplane survey for
tree diseases, over the forests OF
the northern Rockies. He has the
honor of being Grand Master OF
the Washington Grand Lodge
F. A. A. NJ, and, as setated in a
recent Washington paper, is one
of the youngest Grand Masters
ever to head the Washington
Grand Lodge.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1951-02-22
Mary N. Davis

Mary N. Davis, age 81, of 1851
Harrison Ave, Columbus, a native
of Union county died at her home
at her home at 4 pm. Wednesday
after an illness of six weeks.
She was born March IL, 1868 in
Union county, a daughter OF
Thomas and Harriet NeaD Full
ton, both deceased. She was mar
ried in 1888 in Marysville tc
Thomas J. Davis, who preceded
her in death in 1925. She was g
member of the North Minister
Presbyterian church.
Surviving are three sons, Stan
ley Davis, at home, Lee Davis
Tulsa, Okla, and Lawrence Davis
Redwood; three daughters, Mrs
Harriet Martino, Redwood, ano
Mrs. Lucille Charles and Mrs
Francis Long, of Columbus.
Funeral services will be held al
2:30 pm. Saturday in the Winter
funeral chapel at Redwood, con-
Quoted by the Rev. B. F. Redding
Interment will be in York ceme-
terry. Friends may call at the flu
neral chapel.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1951-02-22
FortnightlY Election

Officers for the coming year
elected Monday evening when the
postponed meeting of the Fort
nightly Club was held at the home
of Mrs. Ethel Horn on Park Ave-
nue., were: president, Mrs. Doro-
thy Graf; first vice president, Mrs
Idola Robinson; second vice presi-
dent, Miss Elizabeth Green; third
vice president, Mrs. Edith Horn;
secretary, Mrs. Marjorie Ohns-
man; executive committee, Mrs
Jean Bower, Mrs. Gertrude Ger
ard, Mrs. Margaret Hatton.
The evenings program con-
sisted of roll call: "My Ideal
American Woman" responded to
by Mrs. Mildred Cassidy, Mrs. Jo-
sephne Cook, Mrs. Gerard, Miss
Green, Mrs. Mildred Greeneisen
Ohnsman, Mrs. Rau, Mrs. Ella Ri
ser, Mrs. Jean Sawyer.
The program continued with ar
excellent paper on: Modern
American Women" by Mrs. Horn
The March first meeting will be
guest meeting at the home OF
Mrs. Idola Robinson, when the
guest speaker will be DR.. Mervir
Smith, of the Rural Economics
Department at Ohio State Uni
versity. The topic will be: "Amer-
ica'S Problems"
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1951-02-22
Henry Frirmood

Henry Hayes Frirmood, age IA,
of Mt. Victory Rt. /, died at his
home at 2:45 p. m. Wednesday OF
heart trouble, after an illness OF
two years. He had been seriously
i'll for one week.
He was born Sept. 27, 1875 in
Champaign county, the son of
Lemuel and Mary (South) Frir-
mood, both deceased. He was mar
ried 81 years ago to Iva Ellen
Martins, who survives. He was a
member of the Mt. Pie as a n t
church.
Also surviving are one son, John
Frirmood, Mt. Victory, one sister,
Mrs. Clara Griffith, Marysville;
one half brother, John Bradley,
Milford Center; three grandchil-
dren and one great-grandchild.
Funeral services will be held at
2 p. m. Saturday in the Mt. Pleas
ant church, conducted by the Rev.
Mrs. E. Grace Chindler. Inter
ment will be in Mt. Pleasant ceme-
terry, in charge of the Sherman
and Mackey funeral home of Mt.
Victory.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1951-02-22
Birthday Dinner

Mr.. and Mrs. Ivan Meadow OF
the Columbus road, who had
birthday anniversaries last week
were pleasantly surprised when
relatives and friends gathered at
the noon hour for a pot-luck din
ner. Other birthdays celebrated
yesterday were Mr.. and Mrs
Howard Reed of Plain City, Mr..
Lee Meadow, and Mr.. Rollie
Shirk.
Those present were Mr.. and
Mrs. Lee Meadow and son, Bryan
of Plain City, Mr.. and Mrs. How
ard Reed of Plain City, Mrs. Irene
Lee and son, Donald and daugh-
ter, Charlotte of Plain City, Mr.,
and Mrs. Robert Kasper and sons
Dennis and Larry of Marysville
Rt. 2, Mr.. and Mrs. Bernard Nc
Adow and daughter, Debbie and
son Doug, Mr.. and Mrs. Rollie
Shirk of MarySville.
Afternoon callers were Mr.. and
Mrs. Gall and daughters, Sharon
and Sharlene, of Columbus, Mrs.
Lottie Moore also of Columbus.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Reynolds of
Cleveland, Mr.. and Mrs. Ivan Nc
Adow and daughter Bernetta.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1951-02-22
Story Of Oleomargarine

Napoleon III, who offered a prize
In 1870 for the best butter substi.
tute that could be produced in
France, was in large part responsi"
BILE for the first extensive manufac-
ture of the product. Originally made
from beef fat, margarine now is
derived principally from the fats
and oils of plants. The buttery
flavor is obtained from milk which
is treated with Tactic acid bacteria
the same bacteria which gives
butter its distinctive taste. Mar
garine today is custom-built to keep
up with nutritional progress and
available supplies.