davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-20
Dovid Lawrence

They came. they saw and
they heard. They-the Congress
Of the United States--went away
profoundly impressed that here
was no ordinary man, no ordi-
nary soldier. no ordinary gen.
eral. For here was a statesman
speaking. q man from the pages
Of history whose dramatic ap-
peal to his countrymen for
courage against defeatism,
for boldness and resoluteness
against softness and appease-
ment will be recorded for all
time as the appeal magnificent.
Here was Douglas Macarthur
closing 50 years of military
service to his country.
Those partisans who came ex-
pecting a political dynamic or a
petty complaint against the fate
that deprived him of his COM
mand In such humiliating man
ner found an entirely different
spokesman. His speech was the
voice of the soldier caught in
a trap in Korea but serving his
flag and not asking the reason
why. His speech was the voice
of the America of yesteryears
when Americans did not pirate
of defeat and speak with fear
and trembling to the enemy that
had despoiled a weaker nation
and tortured or killed prisoners.
Members of the Senate and
House-Republicans and Demo-
crats-listened as If transfixed.
They heard a man of deep con-
viction, talking with an emotion
restrained with difficulty as he
told of Asia.
told of Asia, the far-of con-
tinent where revolutionary
changes are in progress. He
told of Japan, beaten six years
ago, but now on the way to
democracy. He spoke feelingly
of the desperate effort of the
Korean people to save their in
dependence. He spoke sympa-
thetically of the slow but sure
evolution of government in the
Philippines.
But the speech was not one of
mere sentiment. It was the
Evening star., 1951-04-20
Thomas L. Stokes:
Thomos [. Stokes:
G. Q. P. Faces q Great Decision
Sober-Minded Leaders Who Shared Vondenbero Views
Fear Macarthur viii Sweep Porty Off Its Feet

The Republican Party clearly
faces a great decision.
This is sharply focused in one
of those fateful condolences
that saw the death of Senator
Arthur Vandenberg of Michigan
just as Gen. Douglas MacAr-
thur came here to vindicate
himself before Congress in joint
meeting assembled.
In Senator Vande berg's
leadership the Republican Party
had the direction of the CO.
architect of the foreign policy
espoused by the Truman ad-
miniStration. One of the franz
.ers> of the United Nations, he led
his party for a long time in that
bipartisan approach to foreign
policy that resulted in imple-
mentation of collective security
against Soviet Russian en-
croachment. It was worked out
in many ways-in the Greco
Turkish aid program, the Mar
shall Plan, the North Atlantic
Treaty. among many others.
With the Senator's with
drawal from active affairs be-
cause of illness the bipartisan
policy began to disintegrate.
That Illustrated how much his
leadership has meant to his
party, the Nation and the world,
and is today a tragic epitaph of
a distinguished career.
Party leaders fumbled around
with no one to take his place.
The political-minded searched
for an issue in foreign policy for
the 1852 election. They were
emboldened by their success in
the 1850 congressional elections
in which the Korean war, then
going very badly, obviously was
a factor.
An issue appeared. suddenly,
when Gen. Macarthur was re-
moved by President Truman.
Strategical considerations had
led the general to position in
the Korean war in favor of
broadening the front, among
other things to include the use
of Chang Kai-shek and his
Formosa army along with bomb
ing what he calls the sane
tuaries" of the Chinese Com
munist army in Manchuria
This fitted it with a long time
campaign by few in the Repub-
lican Party to make a symbo
Of Chang. the rejected of his
Evening star., 1951-04-20

Dovid Lawrence -,-.7@- " :
Man From the Pages Of History
Congress Impressed by Generals Dramatic Appet
To Countrynen for Courage Against Defeotsn
,otie Appeal

committee should it desire him
to amplify his views. So Senator
Russell plans next week to Ak a
time. possibly for the follow,
ing week. when the armed serv-
ices committee viii go into de-
tails. with Gen, Macarthur as a
witness.
Meanwhile, the National Capt.
tai still is shocked by the whole
affair. The reception given Gen.
Macarthur was 50 striking that
it could not but overwhelm for
the time being almost every
other activity Of the Govern
ment. The welcome to the gen.
eral was, of course, tribute to
a great soldier as well as to a
soldier statesman.
But it was also a human re-
action to the summary way in
which a great general had been
instantly relieved Of his COM
mand without even being given
the opportunity to say farewell
to his troops. No similar case
is on record in all the history of
the United States. Generals
have been ordered to relinquish
their commands but on none has
such a sentence been imposed
without trial-with so abrupt a
detachment from his command
without a real word of ex-
planation of what orders or in
structions he had violated, If
any. The conclusion is ines
capable-Gen. Macarthur was
made the victim of the petty
political spirit of our times.
The stature of Gen. MacAr-
thur, after his address to Con-
greSs. looms larger and makes
an even deeper imprint on the
pages Of history. He was mag
nif1cent in his words of fare
well. It was an hour of triumph
in which the people, in effect, re-
pudiated the sad implications
of government by petty politics
and raised their eyes with hope
as they heard the first words
of real leadership that have
come from the National Capital
in many a long year.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1951-04-20

Chiefs agreed with him from
a military standpoint" In fact
he cast his whole speech very
adroitly in a military frame of
reference and kept it there.
In that reference the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff do agree with
him that various military meas
ures in Korea including his four
points are desirable.
But it is the direct, word-of-
mouth information Of the men
who direct armed services legis-
lation on Capitol Hill that the
Joint Chiefs Of Staff agree with
Gen. Macarthur only from a
military standpoint. The Joint
Chiefs have given further assur-
ances that they agree with Pres
ident Truman that global politi-
cal considerations make the risks
Of such action too great so they
do not favor taking it.
These assertions are unquali-
fed. A few politicoes hint that
Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, Air
Force Chief Of Staff, is tempted
by the Macarthur gospel but
others insist that this is not
true. About Chairman Bradley,
Gen. Collins of the Army and
Admiral Sherman, Chief Of
Naval Operations, no doubt is
expressed. The jos Chairman,
Gen. Bradley, this week in Chi
cago also said publicly that the
Evening star., 1951-04-20

well-mobilized argument of a
man who for a quarter Of a
century or more has studied
the Far East-its culture and its
aspirations against colonialism.
He spoke as a liberal about the
hopes Of peoples as against ty-
rants. He did not fail to speak
also of the great hopes Of the
world for peace by means Of col
lective security.
ALI the ideals of America Gen.
Macarthur articulated with the
measured phrases Of a states
man. All the hopes Of the world
for an end to war as a means Of
settling disputes he championed
with wholehearted devotion.
But. he warned. once a nation
enters war, there is no time
for retreat or appeasement, no
time for compromise. He said
with an emphasis that shook
the chamber with applause:
There is no substitute for VIC
tory"
The general built up point by
point the case for a defense line
in the far Pacific-Japan, For
mosa and the Philippines. He
said if that line was broken, our
own Pacific Coast would not be
safe. And then he emphasized
why it was important to hold
Formosa.
The statement that came as
the highest surprise was his fiat
declaration that the United
States Joint Chiefs OF Staff in
the past had agreed with this
military strategy.
There will, of course, be con-
troversy over various points in
the speech. It will be debated
and perhaps investigating COM
mittees of Congress will ask for
the documents and evidence re-
lating to it.
The general has notified SEN
ator Russell, chairman of the
Senate Armed Services Com
mittee, that. while he does not
want to get into a controversy
or pursue these matters, he will
willingly cooperate with the
Evening star., 1951-04-20
Congress Seeks Facts on FirinQ
Non-Portison Hearings Are Expected to Revet
Motives Behind Removal of Gen. Macarthur

meath the swastika, which was
to be heisted from the town hall
Of Kiev, the Ukrainian capital.
This was a political sugges-
tion and was turned down bru-
tally by Hitler. Alfred Rosen-
berg and Joachim Won Ribber-
trop. Gen. Won List was fired.
An SIS general was placed In
command of the political divi-
sion Of the armies in the Ukraine.
He handled the populace with
the customary Gestapo deli
cacy and in less than four weeks
the Ukrainian people became
deadly enemies of the Germans.
This resulted in the Stalingrad
disaster.
Gen. Eisenhower himself, kept
in ignorance of the political
deals at Teheran and Yalta.
was compelled to stop his ad-
vancing forces and pull them
back more than 100 miles be-
cause politics interfered with
logical strategy.
It may be that If we had en-
tered Berlin and Prague far
ahead of the Reds, as was pos
sible. many of the heartaches
we are suffering now might have
been avoided. But World War
II was conducted on more of a
political basis than World War
l.
The so-called Macarthur in
cursionS into the diplomatic
and political preserves" Of the
civilians in Washington and
London were dictated by mill
tary exigencies. Faced with an
enemy at least five times su-
perior in numbers. Gen. Mac
Arthur wanted to apply the full
force of all known military
strategy to bring the war to an
early conclusion.
There are calculated risks in
every military campaign and it
is poor general who does not
take them at the crucial mo-
ment. Gen. Macarthur, always
with faith in the star Of his
destiny, was ready to do so. He
was fired, leaving an unenviable
military task to his successors.
Evening star., 1951-04-20

fighting a full-scale conflict in
that country. Those who doubt
it should look at the recent
American casualty list, which
now exceeds $4,000.
In war the responsibility for
policies rests with the civilian
authority. But when these
policies affect the conduct of
operations, regardless of what
the diplomats say, the military
commander is handicapped and
eventually must meet disaster.
When the Germans asked for
an armistice in World War I
Marshal Ferdinand Foch as
sumed a political character. He
insisted that an armistice be
granted the Germans only after
Allied troops had hoisted their
flag in Berlin. This action might
have heightened the campaign
and cost thousands Of lives. But.
Marshal Foch insisted, such a
step would crush the German
militariStic spirit and would
assure long peace.
The political leaders, who are
supreme in such matters, turned
down the French marshal's
pleas. He was not removed, be-
cause he did not press his views
when the Big -Four politely told
him to mind his own business
as a soldier and not attempt to
trespass into their field. The re-
suit was the eventual rise to
power Of Hitler, because Ger
man militariSm had not suffered
the blow it needed and the
ground was laid for World War
II.
The disaster of the German
armies In Russia in 1941 can be
traced to the political inter-
ference of the civilian, Hitler,
with the views Of the field COM
mander. When the German ar
mics entered the Ukraine they
were received as liberators. Gen.
Won List, who commanded that
large force, made political sug-
gestions to headquarters. These
were that the Ukrainians be
treated as friends and that the
Ukrainian flag be flown be-
Evening star., 1951-04-20
Doris FIeeson::

Gen. MacArthur's claimed
area of agreement on Far
Eastern policy with the Joint
Chiefs of Staff is the most
dynamite-laden portion of his
address to Congress.
If the deposed Commander
Of the Pacific can isolate Presi-
dent Truman and Secretary of
State Acheson and make it
stick or even strongly appear
that they have disregarded all
the military, it will be extremely
serious for the administration.
Normally this might not be
so bad; the principle of civilian
control Of the military and in
the realm of foreign policy is
pretty firmly established. But
these are unusual times; an ag-
gressive military power threat
ems this country, the Korean
situation is a mess. the Presi-
dent is at low ebb in prestige
and authority, the Secretary of
State, has been illuminated to
the point where much Of the
public is confused about him.
For these reasons. admins
tration leaders already are
pressing the White House for an
immediate Qualification of the
attitude of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff.
Actually Gen. Macarthur
claimed only that the Joint
Evening star., 1951-04-20

own people, and help him to lead
a crusade against Communist
China from his refuge in
Formosa.
This was manifestly a minor
ity in the party. but a deter
mined one. Before the removal
Of Gen. Macarthur, and since,
some leaders have urged cau-
tious approach to the Mac
Arthur thesis. But as the uproar
IN the country channeled itself
into emotional partisanship-
typical of our people-for one
who is down, aside from issues
involved, the Republican Party
got caught up more and more in
the wild procession that swirled
about the general when he got
home.
Never did the temptation be-
come so great as when the Cen
eral stood before Congress and
stated his lease" with consum-
mate skill and oratorical artistry.
Republicans, watching and lis
tening, seemed to see an answer
to their long prayers. They let
themselves go. They whooped
and hollered. Some strong men
almost wept when he reached
his peroration "Old Soldiers
Never Die" In their reaction
was secret admiration of spell
binders for the master SPELL
binder-and he was that!
The temptation, indeed, is
great. Here's a man with a
case who can move folks. This
is the first voice" Republicans
have found in our time. En-
viously they used to complain
bitterly about the "dulcet" and
"mellifluous" tones Of the Fran
kiln D. Roosevelt voice over the
radio. Now in Gen. Macarthur
they have found an equal, with
that effective change Of pace,
that occasional drop at the
proper moment almost to a
whisper-and a dash of corn
that appeals.
This dramatizes the decision
the party faces,
1t is not as simple. of course.
as a choice between the Van
denberg way and the Macarthur
way. for 1t is not exactly that.
incidentally. Senator Vanden-
berg admired Gen. Macarthur
and before the 1948 election
conducted q correspondence
Evening star., 1951-04-20
Henry WcLen7ore:
Fovors SIS, 900 Trove| Tour
If He Can Get 1t on Credit
Henry McLenore:

Temple Fielding. whose guide
books have helped me get
around Europe and South Amer
lea with a minimum Of incon-
venience. has come up with the
most ambitious scheme since
Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
It is F'ielding's aim to take
fifteen (15) persons on a thirty
seven (37) day tour for the gen.
tie price of fifteen thousand
dollars t$15,000D.
That works out at q little
better than four hundred dol
lars $4,000 a day.
My guess is that the tour will
be composed of fifteen (15)
women.
The other sex can't spend that
much money. Not happily. any,
way. Money is too hard to come
by for the male to toss it
around.
I haven't heard Just what Mr..
Fielding is going to offer for the
$4,000. but I can guess.
On the day of departure the
suckers-I mean guests, not
suckers-will be picked up at
their home in a Rolls Royce
made of solid caviar, including
windshield wiper.
After a breakfast at Fort
Knox, Mr.. Fielding's guests will
eat a light lunch in Tiffany's
window. with a main course of
diamonds under bell.
They then will all 60 out to
the Jamaica race track. where
winners-all long shots-will be
provided.
Before sailing. all members of
the tour will be given a winning
sweepstake ticket on next years
Grand National at Liverpool.
Once at sea. members will be
granted fishing rights, using the
captains tackle.
If no fish is caught. fish will
be flown in from AL" the Col
ony. Antoine's. and eating places
Of like character.
Just what Mr.. Fielding is
going to show his customers for
their Is grand, and make It
worth their purse, I don't know.
During the past Is years or
so I have seen most of what his
customers are going to see.
Few people have seen more
cathedrals than I. The same
goes for ruins, and mountains,
and sunsets, and all-around
quaintness. I guess I have
meandered up and down more
crooked lanes, and historic
streets than the average fellow.
But I have yet to see sight
I'd pay $400 a day for. I've seen
the Sphinx, but the Sphinx will
never get $400 from me to talk.
Evening star., 1951-04-20
Constantine Brown:

Hearings in Congress soon will
reveal what was really behind
Gen. MacArthur's removal from
his commands.
These hearings are expected
to take place in a non-partisan
atmosphere. The unprecedented
reception given the five-star
general by the American people
certainly has impressed men,
bers Of both Houses. and par
ticularly those who are seeking
reelection next year.
The generals unequivocal
statement that he had no in
terest whatsoever. in party poll
tics has further enhanced his
stature and has removed any
attempt on the part Of over
jealous supporters Of the ad-
ministration to say that he was
playing Republican politics"
and paving the way for their
success at the polls in 1852.
Thus, the country may look
fully to an unbiased airing of
the problems of our global de-
fenSe.
The contention that Gen.
Macarthur had to be removed
because he disobeyed the orders
Of his Commander in Chief, the
President of the United States,
and that he delved into foreign
policy matters which are the
exclusive prerogatives Of the
Chief Executive do not hold
water on close examination.
Gen. Macarthur was respon-
sible for the success Of the forces
entrusted to him. He was di-
rected to use them in such a
way as to accomplish the mis-
sion given him. This was to
repel aggression and restore or
der in the Korean peninsula, in
accordance with the directives
Of the United Nations. These
directives included the unifica-
ton Of Korea under democratic
rule.
Whatever name the Presi-
dent and the United Nations
give the Korean war, the in
escapable fact is that we are
Evening star., 1951-04-20

I wouldn't pay more than $40
to hear the London Bridge shout.
Mr.. Fielding doesn't know it.
but he is taking the fun out of
travelling. The fun of travel
ing is catching silly trains at
silly hours limerick to Dub
linz: holding a Chinese baby on
your lap while her mother
catches a wink of sleep wait
ing for the Peking plane; dis
covering a restaurant in a lone
some part Of Paris. only to find
out that 1t has been discovered
long ago; flying over Japan's
Fuji; trying to get out of a
hotel without tipping every one
who has hands; making a meal
of chianti, French bread and
salami. in an effort to have
enough money to pay for a
gondola in Venice.
Still. I might go along, Mr..
Fielding. if you wouldn't object
to letting me have SIS 900 credit.
distributed By McNaught Syndicate, Inc.
Evening star., 1951-09-13
Boyle Questioned About Report
Men Young Was 'AIter-Ego'
Home-RuIe Inoction
Cited as Typical of
Platform Pledges

Senator Hendrickson, Re
publican, of New Jersey today
cited Congress failure to en-
act home rule for the District
in questioning whether politi-
cal parties really intend to live
up to their campaign plat
forms.
Pointing out that home rule
was contained in both party
platforms in 1948, he said time
has shown the platforms in
this case have been "honored
more by preaching than by
performance"
The Senator made his point
after Chairman William r.
Boyle of the Democratic Ma
tional Committee proposed
that copies of the platforms
be circulated by mail to all
American families to familiar
ize them with issues.
Evening star., 1951-09-13
Court Orders Col. Hayes to Get
Virginia Tags by September Is

Col. Thomas j. Hayes III, as
sistant engineering commissioner
for the District, today was ordered
to obtain Virginia auto licenses
by September Is to replace the
Ilow-numbered District plates
which he said permit him "a few
little privileges"
Judge Hugh Reid, in Arlington
County Court this morning, threw
out Col. Hayes argument that he
lis required to live in Virginia as
Ia result of military orders.
Judge Reid said the officer had
indicated a desire to comply with
the law and there apparently was
no willful violation. For that
reason, Judge Reid said, he was
giving the colonel until September
25 to display Virginia plates.
In arguing his own case before
Judge Reid last Thursday. Col
Hayes admitted that he isAbuyine
Evening star., 1951-09-13
Remembers Him Only
As Volunteer Worker
In 1o48 Campaign
By GEORGE Beveridqe

Senator Margaret Chase Smith.
Republican, of Maine today con-
fronted Chairman William M.
Boyle. jr., of the Democratic Ma
tional Committee with a report"
that Merl Young acted as Mr.
Boyle'S "alter-ego" during the 1948
election campaign at Democratic
national headquarters.
Senator Smith asked Mr.. Boyle
to comment on the report as he
testified before a Senate Elec-
tions Subcommittee considering
revisions In election laws.
Mr.. Boyle promptly retorted
that there must be some con-
fusion" in the Senator's informa-
ton, and said he remembered Mr..
Young only as a volunteer worker
(See BOYLE, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1951-09-13
BY the Associated Press

The Air Force disclosed today il
is forming its first guided missile
squadron, equipped with a new
"pilotless bomber" type of weapon
apparently intended for tactical
use in warfare.
An announcement said the
bomber squadron is being formed
at the Guided Missile Center
Cocoa. Fla, on October / and that
it will be the first operational
unit of its kind in the Air Force.
The squadron. the announce
ment said. will be equipped ini-
TALLY with the Matador. B-61
pilotless bomber, now in produc-
ton by the Glenn L. Martin Co
of Baltimore, Md.
The squadron will train at first
as part of the Air Research and
Development Command, but later
'it will be made combat-ready by
intensive unit training under the
supervision of the Tactical Air
Command" the announcement
said.
Today's disclosure followed d
closely recent statements by Pres
ident Truman and several Sena-
tors regarding creation of fan
tastic" new weapons.
An Air Force spokesman de-
scribed the missile as being SIM
liar in appearance to the swept
wing XB-51 Martin jet fighter, but
Evening star., 1951-09-13
Doctor Would Provide Housing
By Luring Aged to Institutions

frequently very uncomfortable. TIC
induce old persons to move from
their apartments it would be nec-
esSary to make the institutions as
attractive as possible"
One of his suggestions for do
ing so:
Aged people should not be iso-
lated but should be kept in con-
tact with the outside world"
DR.. Wibaux spoke at the second
International Chronological Con-
greSs, a conference on the prob
lens of aging.
At the same meeting, Leonard
S. Silk of the United States Hous-
ing and Home Finance Agency
reported on a survey of housing
conditions of the aged in this
country.
"Over 80 per cent of people over
age IS in urban and rural nom
farm areas of the United States
maintain independent house
holds" he said. 4