davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22

Montana Powder & Equip, supplies $40
Big Horn BRIG c. Supplies lss
'H HsEdis ssn 5s$, co. Ss2 s"ppliss !s s5s
F Fryan ei z Motor H ees Repairs 2 ls!ss
|Schoen Bowman Inc, Repair ""~~~~.~~..~~~.m..w 1855
| Tyo1a as Sapn' %ateF l. S : Labor NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. l 2ss5
N W64b5 m9t %ao aHRey Co. e., f sspaT *~~~~"~~~~~~~~ n s2s ss
H Hardn E ae'as Repair al 0r~~:, @Sp@r S $40
Fox on Co. Repair aat pans;r 1e7os
WarsSa mo %scs snRRy Co. Co." k sselr *~*~~~~~~~~~~~ n 81
NIX Nm; 81 81 5 S SsSs S. e.: Gas ga lsss 8
Mt y. states tat FL = FL, Rental & & Toll ss5s
ar en5" Union on'' Assn, Gasoline "~~"~~"~"""""~"~"~ 1876 $50
Industrial 1o Accident Board. Assessment ~~~~~~~~~~"~~~* 2o 500
RS91 HoF aanS eo: STATE s:* BaRf s;s % i Ss 5s{P Tax ~~~~~~ s5P:s5
&c. A. Randall, Per Diem 5000
Western Construction Equip. Co.. Repair SIS
Xrm r; f Brsinag Sol g. t Metai Prod; cuiverty S' s22SS
Public EMPLOYEES Retirement, Retirement '712
e q R1D1 Dsrt Ws5faEe to BG PaS1ic y Wsfsqf' the Board approved all
State Dept; Of gnpl4s ws? SSsS Susn 80! g
5 Fey ts s;:r 4 IS $:!| !; 8 81 Sf $: 5's5 $780,; : Fs;; :: : s; s; $;
Hardin TT5 5t9Hp eSsHEsf supplies 15id
MS John Rreen assn1d; Groceries 1866
W Tsdf5nteq wa stsass' cS eaiPthing 1859 ss
Mabel ". Sim Simmons, Room & Board ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS eco
M H6sst %nsin se %SfG fdr a airia, Care GGNeerns s ssSo
Stewart Mason, Groceries $500
Big Horn Co. Community Hospital, Contract .!.......... 444.75
Montana State tuberculosis Sanitarium $500
Helen j. GonnaSon, Clothing 1928
Mont Childrens Home, Care 10000
State Dept. of Public Welfare 675O
Dept. of Public Welfare, Direct Relief 5000
There being no further business the Board adjourned as a
Public Welfare Board, whereupon, the Board reconvened as a
Regular Board.
LIBRARY FUND
Ruth Kroehler. Asst Librarian 780
Mrs. Anna Humphrey, Janitor 1900
Hazel Christensen, Mileage 84
Petty Cash, Petty Cash Items 1889
Saunders Lumber Co, Supplies 236
Hardin Tribune Herald, Supplies 2O1O
Hardin Hardware Inc, Supplies 113O
Mont. Oak. Utilities, Gas 43O3
Hardin Tribune Herald, Supplies 1866
montana. Power Co., Services SIG
iCitv Water Dept. Water 225
Mt States Tel. g. Tel. Rental & Toll 625
Elizabeth Scaly. Rent 1000
doubleday g. Co.. Books 1901
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22
OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS
OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
Big Horn County. State of Montana

U9 ON SountY, St0te O Nlontdno
REGULAR SESSION MARCH $. 1851
% ana :: 5. 1s s5sFi REs's msn SaSy Z g:5 Mssss: Il 55f s5FT e. S s5$ss J. sFsSE:
D.r; he = n5oHeSns Of c TAI RFs vs?s e @sstHns we" sna F sp1re es 1 %59TsSs.
@'i s5f RsEfsIs2ui FIs sfsn r 5szqsd Il Pa EaY ISL 9f the same: s4ssa,4s
EESfsRAk sSf P2a 1Sf THsRGAF EAT Rz E2l Roll "~~:~~~:~: 5 5ss:ss
rants We're Feu oTdarsd ct drawn we're or t 5shm respec aha 3 fpnGs for a payment nant
IeefY T. HPe susss,, Salary Healthy 1920 9
: FeT u Cash, Petty Cash Items 1874
h rdih atTF riSu Re2d Printing 4 lss: s.
NJ MI States ndes,5 Tel = Tel Rental & Toll 1888
G g. 4 Eandau . Office 'S Work 4 800
Hardin IardVsre Go, fncs Supplies $3.50
sSsst e. to 5 cGss5 Mi suspliss $50 So
( Sh: E. cb as Gesfie e.. f Supple; 4s%
So ut a9 Po%sr c. e.. SG GPgats l s7s7
Mont Mon T5G5 U HaRti W coz Gas 1888 ass
G@RStsins sS5 Hsiss Ss? salary Hsaith} ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2ssse
RStty v c5 365asaa Hiit Mis s3sfis{ fEsaithj' 5sSs
Ben Ban. F EatnR EaE stoT v1t? su RS5is"os ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "a s52
Sig Horn 6r1g Go, Medicine s5N
Mt as States It. T TeI &c Tsl, REM Rentai g. Toll ESQ
RaTd i TTt61nS Sd5zS d. P PTf156sEs 90 d55 3
Mont ION u state tde'i Industrial IS p scho nIn Care 800
Teachers FetTs Gtss Retirement .sIs
w. M. Wernett. SUPPLIES lUUUI
State Board of Health 412
Industrial Accident Board Assessment 21.95
Yellowstone County. Burial of Veteran 10000
Yellowstone County Auditor. Soldiers Burial m.......w. 10000
Everett Bulls Vet Super, Burial of Soldier ........... $1,000
N A Jacobsen Mileage 44.1O
'Clementine Sitel, Mileage & Exp. 1924
Alfredo II. FarsWaH. Supplies 22.75
Fish Construction Co. Supplies 1929
Hardin Photo Shop. Services 255
Rancroft Whitney Co. Books Co. ATTY. 1880
Bio Horn Co State Bank, withholding Tax ............. 4OO45
Public EMPLOYEES Retirement, Retirement .......... 1888
G. A Randall Per Diem & Expense 211 80
Harry Atkins Subsistence 1900
Labor Labor 1892
tn Coast store Supplies 58
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22
ANNUAL SCHOOL DISTRICT
ELECTION

The Annual School Election
will be held April Z, 1851 in all
Districts.
Place? At your school house
unless posted notices state
otherwise.
Who can Vote? Every citizen
of the United States of the age
of twenty one years or over who
has resided in the State of
Montana one year, and thirty
days, in the School District next
preceding the election, may vote
thereat. CAS- Amended by Chap
ter IS, Laws of 1941).
LURA P. STRAND,
County Superintendent
of Schools
(Pub. March Is, 22)
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22

said Administrator, at the office
of Dan w. Maddox, his attor-
ney, at Rooms 7, 8 & 9 Trask
and Westwood Building, in the
City of Hardin, in the County
of Big Horn, State of Montana.
Dated at Hardin, Montana,
March 81, 1851.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
ESTATE OF LILLIAN N

QUEST, DECEASED.
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN
by the undersigned Admins
traitor of the Estate of Lillian
M. Quest, deceased, to the cred
itors of and all persons having
claims against the said deceas-
ed, to exhibit them, with the
necessary vouchers, within four
months after the first publ
cation of this notice, to the
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22

of Lillian M. Quest, Deceased.
DAN w: MADDOX,
Rooms 7, 8 & 9,
Trask and Westwood Building,
Hardin, Montana,
Attorney for Administrator.
CPub. March %, 20 April 5 & 12)
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING
OF THE STOCKHOLDERS OF
THE CAMPBELL FARMING
CORPORATION
Notice is hereby given that
the Annual Meeting of the
Stockholders of the Campbell
Farming Corporation will be
held in the office of the Cor
poration in Hardin, Montana,
on the 10th day of April, 1851,
at the hour of 200 o'clock P. M.
of said day, for the purpose of
electing officers for said Cor
poration for the ensuing year
and for the transaction OF
any other business which may
| come before said meeting.
Ola B. Maddox, Secretary.
Dated at Hardin, Montana,
this 18th day of March, 1851.
CPub. March %, 20, April 81
NOTICE OF HEARING ON
PETITION FOR PROBATE OF
- WILL
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF
THE THIRTEENTH JUDICIAL
DISTRICT OF THE STATE
OF MONTANA IN AND FOR
THE COUNTY OF BIG HORN.
IN THE MATTER OF THE
ESTATE OF JAMES SIDNEY
ROMINE, DECEASED.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN
that a petition for the probate
of the will of James Sidney
| Romine, Deceased, and for the
| issuance of Letters Testament
| ary to Eva Romine Miller, has
been filed in this Court and
that Thursday the 18th day of
April, 1851, at the hour of eleven
o'clock A. M. of said day and
the Courtroom of said court, in
the Courthouse in Hardin, Big
Horn County, Montana, has
been appointed as the time
and place for hearing said pc
tition, when and where. any
/ person interested may appear
and contest the same and show
cause if any he has, why said
petition should not be granted.
Dated at Hardin, Montana,
this 21st day Of March, A. D.
1851.
r. P. ROSS
Clerk of the Court
l. BY Mabel Brekke, Deputy.
D.. L. EGNEW;
Hardin, Montana,
Attorney for Petitioner. g..
pub. March %, %, April s. -
pug. March %, 20, April 81
.
Some ferns bear as many as
SO, 600, 900 spores on a single
| plant, and each is capable of
producing a new plant.
Buy Easter Seals-Help Grip
pied children. .,..-
II H.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22
ECAI
NOTICES
NOTICE OF TIME SET Eop
HEARING OF APPLICANTS

hEAIHAENO OF APPLICATIONS
FOR LETTERS
TESTAMENTARY
IN THE DISTRICT COTRT ~,
THE THIRTEENTH TTDIcIOT
DISTRICT OF THE STanl
OF MONTANA, IN AND E6S
THE COUNTY OF BIG HoSSM@
IN THE MATTER OF THE re
TATE OF JOHN TORsKE
Deceased.
Notice is hereby given +bs+
a petition for probate of tho
will of John Torske, deceasaIT
and for the issuance of Ietters
Testamentary to Andrew Il
Torske of Hardin, Montana. has
been filed in this Court and
that Thursday, the 5th dav
of April, A. D. 1851, at the houy
of eleven (11:0O) O'Clock A NJ
or as soon thereafter as Connr
sci may be heard, at the Court
Room of this Court in the
Courthouse. in the CITY of Haro
din, County of Big Horn. STATE
of Montana, has been set for
the hearing of said petition. at
which time and place all per
sons interested in said estate
are notified to appear and con-
test the same, if they choose.
DATED at Hardin, Montana
this 9Th day of March, A. D.
1851.
R. P. Ross, Clerk of the dist
riot Court.
DAN w. MADDOX.
Rooms 7, 8 & 9 Trask & West
wood Bldg,
Hardin, Montana,
Attorney for Petitioner.
Pub. March 8, Is and 22)
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22

The cushioned" power of Fluid Drive
saves wear and tear on over 80 vital parts
including clutch, transmission, rear
axle. This insures longer truck ife-lowers
your upkeep costs. And trade-in value
stays high! Ask us for interesting booklet
on gyrol Fluid Drive.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22

Some ferns bear as many as
SO, 000, 900 spores on a single
plant, and. each is capable of
producing a new plant.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22
More
conVe nience
on hills!

Fluid Drive let's you stop on an upgrade
and hold your Dodge "Job-Rated' truck
in gear, simply by slightly speeding. up
the engine. And on a downgrade, Fluid
Drive gives you effective engine braking.
Under all driving conditions, Fluid Drive
is easier on both driver and truck.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22

With Fluid Drive, there's less wheel
spinning, less tendency to skid on wet or
icy pavements. You can start in higher
gear, apply power gradually and get away
smoothly and safely. Traction is applied
more efficiently. With less wheel-spinning,
tires last longer, too-another money
saving advantage of Fluid Drive!
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1951-03-22
James B. Quest,

OdIIIOO ~. VUCOUJ
Administrator of the Estate
of Lillian M. Quest, Deceased.
DAN w: MADDOX,
Rooms 7, 8 & 9,
Trask and Westwood Building,
Hardin, Montana,
Attorney for Administrator.
(Pub. March %, % April 5 & 12)
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-07-26

demokratija pergyvena mirtina
galimo zuvimo pavoju nuo nau-
jojo barbariskumo, zengiancio
DO tarnavimo idealui kauke ir
planuojancio politini pasaulio
pavergima, pasaulio, kuris ken
cia, tarp kitty piktybiu, stoka
elito, politine zymios masiu da-
lies demoralizacija ir garbini-
ma netikru ideologiju. Demo-
kratija vel gall butt uzmusta
jegos ir prievarta. Ir dabar ten
ka kovoti prizes tamsias jegas
ir prizes ju isstatomas priekin
tamsias ideologijas. Turf butt
auklejamos masses ir, deja, kai
kurie intelektualiniai elitai.
Destydamas savo mint, Bow
les primena apie butinybe, ko-
vojant del laisves, neuzmirsti ir
kitty socialiniu problemu, kurias
turi zmonija. Tai teisinga. Bet
teisinga ir tai, jog saugojimas
atkariautos zmonijos laisves, tai
labiausiai neatideliotinas esamo
istorinio momento reikalas. Pa
vergto pasaulio, kur demokrati-
ne ideja bus uzmusta, joke So
cialiniai pertvarkymai neisgel-
bes zmonijos nuo beviltiskos de-
gradacijos.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-07-26

Cia skelbiami asmenys skubiai
reikalingi garantijq atvykti j
JAW. Garantijos parasa gall
duoti ir ne JAW pilieciai. Apie
sutikima duoti parasa tuoj rel
kia pranesti BALF'o centrui.
REKLAITIS, Gustavas, GIN.
1901 m. German ethnic), Ma
talija, zmona, GIN. 1904 m., An
ma, dukte, GIN. 1925 M, Metha,
dukte, g. 1887 m., Lydia, duk-
te, gim. 1941 m. Adr. Staatl.
Wohnheim, Heidenheim ! Br.,
Germany.
BALTRUNAS, Gasparas, GIN.
1902 m. (invalidas), DIP Schulz,
Neuburg/ /Donau, Germany.
GUZIKAS, Petras, gim. 1921
M, (invalidas). Adr. DIP Schulz,
Neuburg /Donau, Germany.
JANUsAUSKIENE, Magdale-
ma, GIN. 1868 m. Adr. Alter
sheim, Hotel Chiemsee, Prien,
Germany.
PALIULIONYTE, Jadvyga,
GIN. 1889 m. Adr. Alterscheim,
Hotel Chiemsee, Prien, Germa-
ny.
CESYS, Augustus, gim. 1889
M, Teofilija, zmona, GIN. 1892
m. IRO polizei, Bad-Richenhell,
Germany.
NAUJOKAITYT'E, Adele, gim.
1896 m. IRO DIP Lager, (13b)
Bad Abiding, Germany, US zone.
NAUJOKAITYTE, Magdale-
ma, GIN. 1863 m. IRO DIP Lager,
(13b) Bad Abiding, Germany,
US zone.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-07-26

KUNKIS, Jonas, gim. 1889
M, (aklas), Margareta, gim.
1897 m. IRO Blind School, Neu-
burg /Donau, Germany, US zone.
RIMsA Petras g. 1907 m. Bro
ne, gim. 1909 M, Juozas, GIN.
1888 M, Edvardas, gim. 1888
M, Jonas, GIN. 1943 M, Ado
mas, GIN. 1916 m., 'vytautas,
gim. 1881 m. Gam reikia atski-
raj garantijos). Adr. Lager
Wehnen, Oldenburg, Post Ofen,
Germany, Brit. zone.
JEGERIS Voldemaras, GIN.
1906 m. German ethnic), He
lena, GIN. 1909 m., Benediktas,
GIN. 1880 M, Irena, gim. 1881
M, Angelica, gim. 1886 M,
Adolfas, gim. 1910 M, Alfredas,
gim. 1913 m., Brigita, GIN. 1851
m. Adr. (14b) Fueramoos, Kr.
Biberach /Riss, Germany, US
zone.
zUKAUSKAS, Liudas, gim.
1895 m. (invalidas). Adr. File
gerhorst, (13b) Memmingen,
Germany, US zone.
LECIENE, Ona, Adr. Wohn-
lager Zoo, Hamburg 36, Germa-
ny.
GURINSKAITE, Magdalena,
Ar. Wohnlager Zoo, Hamburg
SO, Germany.
KRIAUSA, Edmundas, gim.
1901 m., Magdalena, GIN. 1914
M, Pranas, GIN. 1882 M, Gin
tautas, gim. 1941 m., Valdima-
ras, GIN. 1910. ABROMOV1-
Gus - KRAUSAITE, Meta,
GIN. 1881 M, Leonas, GIN. 1949
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-07-26

niu grupiu, klasiu, luomu, dar-
bininkQ kvalifikaciju, politiniu
partijQ, partizanu uzurpacijos,
rezimq permainu, laisves zuvi-
mo, tiraniju laimejimo, respubli-
kiniu konstituciju atgimimo, ju
naujo kritimo, uzkariautoju ISL
galejimo, ir TT.
Anglijoje kai kurios privile-
gijos ir laisviq garantijos pra-
dzioj buvo dovanojamos karis-
kos valdzios feodaliniams baro-
mans, dalyvavusiems normanu
Anglijos uzkariavime. Paskui
"Didzioji Laisviu Charta" pata-
po juridiniu aktu, kuris primine
nelaisvoms tautoms apie jq tel
ses. Veliau Anglijoje laisviu pri-
vilegijos buvo isplestos ir kitoms
klasems. Demokratinio idealo
ziezirba Europoje, maitinama
klasines senoves tradicijomis,
palaike laisves Wits. Ivykiu ita-
koje, kaip despotizmo ekscesai
ir religiniai persekiojimai, Sis
judejimas augo. De la Boeti,
Prancujijoje, parase savo garsu
pamfleta apie ''Savanoriska YER
gija". Kruvini hugenotu perse-
kiojimai Prancuzijoje pagimde
ir persekiojamuju literature, tu-
rincia liepsningus saukimus ko-
Won SUI politiniu despotizmu, ir
kurioje vystesi naujos nudienes
demokratijos idejos. "Tevai =
piligrimai", imigrave j Naujaji
Pasauli ant "Maylower" denio,
skelbe sias naujas idejas, kurios
veliau Amerikoje kurybiskai is
sivyste. Patobulintas demokra-
tiniq ideju kompleksas paskui
imigravo per okeana atgal j
Europa, kur jis pasidare svar-
blu demokratinio tikejimo Sal
tiniu Prancuzijoje periodic prizes
Didziaja jQ Revoliucija.
Demokratine ideja igavo nau-
ja gyvybe civilizuotame pasau-
lyle. Ar tai reikstu, jos likimas
dabar galutinai apdraustas?
Visiskai ne. Kaip tik .dabar
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-07-26
Reika|ingi garantijQ

m. Abromoviciams reikia at
skiros garantijos. Visu adresas:
Wohnlager Funktum, hamburg
48, Germany.
VASIALKA, Eduardas, gim.
1925 m. ID, rue Joseph Ferry,
Villerupt, (M ct N.Y., France.
PRANENAS = PRANEVI-
Gus, GIN. 1914 m. Prasteryd
22, Box 347, Alingas, Sweden.
LATKAUSKAS, Jonas, GIN.
1919 m. German Ethnic), Lidi-
ia (zmona), gim. 1918 M, Al
fredas, GIN. 1910 M, Brigyta,
GIN. 1947 m. Adr. Hanau, Rat
henau Is, Germany.
PETRAITfs, Adolfas, GIN.
1898 m., Marta (zmona) GIN.
1907 m. Adr. Hanau, R. Koch
str. Reg. Lager, Germany.
MULERIENE Melita, g. 1910
m. German Ethnic), (dukte),
Karina, GIN. 1914 m. Adr. Ha-
nau, R. Kochstr. 16 L., Ger
many.
CEKANAVICIUS, Anita n a s,
GIN. 1921 M, Magdelena (zmo-
na) gim. 1882 M, Karolis, gim.
1850 M, Gediminas, gim. 1861
m. Adr. Hanau, R. Kochstr. 16a,
Germany.
RAMONAITIENE, Ona, GIN.
1908 m. German Ethnic) nasle.
(slnus), Emanuilas, 1910 m.
Adr. Hanau, r. Kochstr. Reg.
Lager, Germany.
RAMONAITYTE, Meta, GIN.
1888 m. German Ethnic). Adr.
Hanau, R. Kochstr., Reg. Lager,
Germany. ay8,1 g....a u...s
SLIESORAITIS, Mykolas,
GIN. 1920 m. Adr. Memmingen,
Regierungslager, Bl. 1, Zim. 2O4,
Germany.
ENDRIUKA1TIS, Jonas, gim.
1904 m. German Ethnic), Emo
ma, Lydia, gim. 1906 M, Ed
mundas, GIN. 1889 M, Elena,
GIN. 1912 m., Gilbertas, gim.
1943 m. Adr. Ingolstadt, FL
brecht Kaserne Bl. d. Germany.
STATKEVICIUS, Brone, GIN.
1924 M, Stefa, GIN. 1916 M,
Leonas, GIN. 1851 m. Adr. In
golstadt, Elbrecht Kaserne Bl.
D., Germany.
PLUS, Albertas, GIN. 1910
m. German Ethnic), Magdele-
ma, GIN. 1911 M, Leonas, gim.
1888 m., Loretta, gim. 1910 M,
Ona, GIN. 1943 M, Morta, gim.
1946 m., Povilas, gim. 1948 m.
Adr. Schnelldorf %, Kreis
Feuchfangen, Germany.
PLUS, Ignas, gim. 1905 m.
German Ethnic), Magdelena,
GIN. 1912 M, Maria, gim. 1884
m., Kazimieras, gim. 1889 m.
Adr. Schnelldorf, Postort 20,
Kreis Feuchfangen, Germany.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-07-26

idejoms? Ar galima butu j is
reiksti viena formule?
Daznai budavo isreiskiama
mintis, jog idejos jega negali
butt sutriuskintos. Ideja, esq,
galinti butt paslegta, bet ne su-
traiskyta. Panasi mintis gall
asocijuotis su tikejimu per
manentini progresa'', josios mis-
tiniame vaizde. Bet jeigu duotoji
ideja siekia judejimo, priesingo
idealo progresui?
Neseniai pasirodz u la m e
straipsnyje, pavadintame ga
lingiausioji pasaulyje ideja", vi
suomenes veikejas amerikietis
Chester Bowles, tarp kitko raso !:
"Lektuvai, kariniai LAVAL ir tam
kai dar niekad nesugebejo SUI
naikinti, net ir blogos idejos >.
Visa zmonijos istorija irodo, jog
ideja gall butt nugaleta tik vie
nu budu, butent, geresnes ide-
JOS.
Bet tikrumoje zmonijos isto-
ria irodo visiskai ka kita. lde-
los gall butt "uzmustos' ir jega.
Jeigu klaidingosios idejos pro-
gresyviame istorijos judejime
nugalimos tikruju arba teisin-
gesniu ideiu, tai istorija taip pat
zinc atsitikimu, kada teisinges-
nes idejos uzleidzia vieta bio
gesnems idejoms, daugiau ar
maziau neteisingoms idejoms.
Idejoms. gall butt tiesiog uz-
mirstamos, ir net ilgam laikul,
- kad paliktu vietos regresy-
vial tustumai. Ideju istorija yra
intymiai surista su bendraJa
zmoniios kulturos istorija, ir
todel lygiai taip pat sudetinga,
kaip ir pastaroji. 1storines for
mules paprastumas pernelyg
daznai liudija prizes jos teisin-
guma.
Bet pirmiausiai reikia susl-
tarti del terminu ir kvalifikaci-
ju. Klaidu istorija ne retail buna
zodziu istorija, zodziu sumalsy-
mo ir neteisingos terminologl-
Jos istorija.
Idejos gall butt teisingos If
neteisingos. Idejos buna tikslios
bel apytikres. ldeju esama
moksliniu, filosofiniu, religlnlu'
moraliniu, aprasymo, diagnozo
bel prognozo ideju. Idealai gall
butt socialiniai ir politinlal. JOS
gall butt programmes bel poll
tines.
Istorija buvo kurta, dauglau
ar maziau, jega bel prievarta.
Visuomenes, rezimai, materla-
lines bel moralines vertybes bu-
vo griaunamos jega ir prievarta.
Buvo griaunamos civilizacijos.
Ideios gruvo, likvidavosi arba
buvo uzmirstamos ar tai tleslo-
giniais prievartos aktais arba
visuomeniu gyvenime jegos vel
kimo pasekmemis.
Taleiranas sake, jog durtuvals
galima, esq, padaryti, visa, kas
patinka, bet sedeti ant ju nel-
manoma. sio pasakymo esmeJe
gludi tai, jog nuolatinis Jegos'
ir tik jegos, pavartojimas mega
Ii sugyventi SUI pastovaus eg-
zistavimo galimybe. Buvo lalkai,
kad karas buvo laikomas nor
malta padetimi, o taika = per-
trauka tarp karq. Kai Jega pa
daro savo darba, il "ramlal
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1951-07-26

materialiniais interesais. Bet
intelektualinej ir moralinei sri
ty idejoms gall butt pritaikyta
tam tikra autonomija. Tokens
yra religines idejos ir n1oksli-
mes tustumos idejos.
Religiniai persekiojimai, reli-
CINE neapykanta, religiniai ka.
raj ne karta istorijoje uzmus.
davo tikejima bel isnaikindavc
religines parapijas, baznycias il
sektas. Idejos buvo likviduoja-
mos jega ir prievarta.
Indijoje, dar prizes keleta am
ziu pr. Kr., buddizmas, kaip nau-
jas tikejimas, sukilo prizes Off
cialine religija - braminizma.
Valdantieji braminai eme perse-
kioti buddistus ugnimi ir kala-
viju. Buddizmas buvo isnaikin-
tas Indostane. Jis iSsilaike tik
Ceilono saloje. Deka pabegeliu
- immigrantu buddizmas issi-
plete uz Indijos ribu - Tibete,
Himalajuose, is dalies Kinijoje
ir Japonijoje. Paciame gi Indo-
stane religine buddizmo ideja
buvo isnaikinta jega.
Krikscionybes istorija zinojo
ziaurius sektu ir reformistiniu
judejimu persekiojimus. Buvo
sunaikinti k a i n t a i j.,
krikscioniskoji ,sekta, gyvavusi
dar viduramziuose, ir kuri, tarp
kitko, tikejo, jog Senojo Istaty-
mo perskyrimas, traktuojas
Adomo ir Jievos buvima rojuje
ir Jievos gundyma velniu, esas
suklastotas ir ivestas Istatyma
paties Setono. Isnaikintas buvo
albigieciu judejimas ir sugriau-
ia ju civilizacija. Inkvizicija uz-
smauge reformistinio judejimo
galimybe Ispanijoje. Hugenotu
persekiojimai Prancuzijoje uz-
gniauze jq judejima ir plitima.
Isnaikintas husitu judejimas
Cekoslovakijoje. Uzgn j auztas
reformistinis Savonarolos jude
jimas Florencijoje.
MISUNDERSTANDING istorija taip
pat pazista dramatine kova tarp
ortodoksijos ir laisvos minties
pletimosi arabiskame pasaulyJe.
Yra zinoma, jog Viduram-
ziuose arabu civilizacija lglJo
spindejimo, kokio nezinoJo TAM
sus Europos amziai. Arabu deka
issaugota nemaza antikines ku-
rybos veikalu ir kaikurie is ju
pasieke musu laikus tik arabu
vertime. Arabai kultivavo gam
tamoksli, medicina, filosotlJa.
Tam tikra laikotarpi arabu Qr
zydu) gydytojai kone monopo-
liskai palaike sveikas antiklnes
medicines tradicijas, tue pat
laiku tobulindami sio mokslo
technika.
Arabu mokslininkai Gu skal-
ciuje ir alchemikai) padare elie
atradimu tokiose, paw, moksn-
nese disciplinose, kaip optlka If
chemija. zinomas arabu flloso-
fas Averroes antroje Viduram-
ziu puseje turejo dideles ltakos
j minties isvystyma. svletlmo
srityje laisvoji mintis nesusto-
davo net prizes religiniu koncep-
ciju kritika. Muzulmonu orto-
doksija tue susirupino ir prade-
| 10 zygi prizes laisvamanybe ara