davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-03-09
Doris FIeeson:
Wilson Must Patch Up. ruce
Morse Sparks Limitation on Armed Forces Siz
In Sustained Attack on Monpower Program

Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon,
the Republican maverick. Sena-
tor Morse almost has monopo-
1ized the Senate floor this week
with a sustained attack on those
provisions of the manpower
program which, as he sees it.
give the military too much rope.
After repeated setbacks. he fin
ally spanked a limitation on the
size of the armed forces.
Senator Morse's maneuvers,
immensely firing to the press
galleries, stem from his intense
conviction that the military
power is growing out of all pro-
portion to the economic, politi-
cal and social control exerted
by Congress and the executive
branch. He believes the mill
tary is asking for too much and
that too little Is being done to
protect and guard civilian life.
Unlike Senator Taft who
shares some OF his sentiments
about the military. Senator
Morse is a thorough interna-
tionalist. He has q long record
of support for international ac-
ton and in general supports the
social and economic reforms
grouped under the Fair Deal
label.
Others beside Senator Morse
feel that mobilization is over
Evening star., 1951-03-09

the question of how many re-
Inducements Is a military mat.
ter. Even the ceiling imposed
by Congress on the entire armed
services at 100000 at this time
is wrong in principle. It can be
justified, however. only on
tentative basis as a means of
fixing budget requirements and
only If the figure is well in ex
cess of what is needed. assum-
ing no outbreak Of large-scale
war.
Much of the present confusion
could have been avoided If the
President had met at the outset
of the crisis the challenge with
respect to the authority of the
executive to send troops out
side continental United States.
There are dozens Of precedents
but no two of them present
identical circumstances.
Even if there were a thou
sand precedents, the President
would be well-advised to lay the
issue before Congress and ask
for a simple grant of power
from both houses to send to
Europe whatever troops are nec-
essary to carry out the North
Atlantic treaty obligations. The
phraseology doesn't have to be
any more specific because no.
body really knows how many
troops will be necessary II an
emergency does arise.
Such a resolution by Congress.
moreover, would confront every
member with a decision as to
whether he wants to leave the
present American forces in Eu-
rope undefended and subject to
sudden attack there. It is prob
able that both houses would 60
on record giving the Necessary
authority. though q preamble
an expression of purpose-might
accompany it saying it was
hoped that the use Of the troops
Evening star., 1951-03-09
Doris FIeeson:

The political consequences OF
labor's walk out on the mobiliza-
ton program are the subject Of
anxious debate among Demo-
Gratis. They do not perceive
much that can be done until
Chief Mobilizer Charles E. Will
son., with or without President
Truman's help. patches up some
kind of truce with the angry
labor leaders.
It is. of course, far too early
to forecast what will happen;
80 much will depend on events
and also on the kind of candi-
dates nominated by the major
parties. But what form inde-
pendent political action by labor
might take and the politician
who is getting into position to
take advantage Of 1t are fairly
clear.
Labor's gripe against the
Truman form of mobilization is
more than a dispute about wage
stabilization, more even Than a
contest over manpower alloca-
tions as contended by Mr.. VIII
son. It is q basic distrust of a
mobilization intrusted as they
see it wholly to business, oriented
solely to military needs.
The man who has been ex-
pressing this precise distrust is
Evening star., 1951-03-09

ond after a wave has hit the
rock. This leaves a trough and
he must get the boat through
before another wave arrives,
else the boat and all concerned
will be smashed.
He can't row in. Not enough
room for paddles. So he grabs
an iron chain that is fastened
inside the Grotto and. with one
desperate pull, slides the boat
through into the calm waters
of the Grotto.
Once inside, you forget all
about the touch Of seasickness
you got from bobbing about
while waiting your turn to
come in. all about the water
you swallowed, all about the
shins you scraped hopping into
the rowboat, and all about. the
fact that you still have to get
out.
It's that beautiful. It's that
breathtaking. It's that eerie.
No one has ever been able
to explain what causes the wa
ters of the Blue Grotto to as
sumo such a magnificent color.
There are innumerable other
grottos on Capri but none to
compare with Mr.. Blue, him
self. No one dares to widen
or heighten the entrance for
fear a change in the lighting
conditions would destroy what
for centuries has been a marvel
to mankind.
There's no describing the
color of the water. Not for
me, anyway. It's a blue that
the heavens can't match. and
any object placed under the
surface shines like the purest
silver. The quiet is like that
of a cathedral, with not a sound
save the soft plunk -plunk of the
paddles as the guide moves you
about in the cavern.
When you stretch out In the
bottom Of the boat once again,
and pop out into the open sea.
you feel as If you had had a
dream.
But your aching back brings
you back to reality.
distributed by McNausht Syndicate. Inc
Evening star., 1951-03-09
Residents Here Face District Income
Yet Have No Voice in Government

don't like daylight-saving time
are afraid to vote it for us.
It might offend those farmer
constituents hundreds of miles
away. On this issue we are
blocked by Congressman from,
specifically, Mississippi. Georgia,
Missouri. Illinois. Minnesota,
Iowa and Nebraska-as the vote
showed.
The whole committee wasn't
there for the vote and event.
ually we'll probably get daylight
time approved by Congress but,
as last year, it may happen late
after the rest of the East al
ready has gone on daylight time.
which makes for all sorts of
unnecessary confusion.
We want it here. Periodic
polls show that. But that does
not have any effect with farm
Congressman.
We want the vote here, too.
And a city government of our
own. Recurrently we have had
plebiscites here on that question.
They are special occasions for
voteless citizens. You go hand.
in-hand with your wife-all
dressed up-to a local school,
house. Every time the vote has
been overwhelming in favor Of
us having the right to vote. But
we don't get it.
Why? Well, a group of South
erners in the District Of Colum-
bia Committee Of the House Of
Representatives, headed by
Chairman John L. Mcmillan, a
Democrat from South Carolina,
always block it. They have just
decided arbitrarily that democ-
racy is not for us. It seems to
have something to do with Ne
groes voting here and having an
influence in government. But
lots of Negroes vote now in
South Carolina and in other
Southern States.
The Senate passed a bill in
Evening star., 1951-03-09

emphasizing the military aspect.
Senator Hubert Humphrey Of
Minnesota puts it that: 'On the
military side. we act as If we
were at war all right but in
other fields, like price control,
taxes and so on, we act as If we
were in an amateur boxing
match"
Recently Senator Morse, ad-
dressing United Nations meet
ing in Chicago. declared that II
his party nominated an isola-
zionist, he would take q long
walk out Of 1t. He went on to
talk about what Senator Morse
stood for.
The Senator Is a labor favor
ite and former member Of the
National War Labor Board. He
has been at odds with the Taft
leadership and was bitter last
January when he felt they had
deprived him of q seat on the
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee for which Senator VAN
denberg supported him.
In another provocative angle
of the situation, the powerful
farm organizations are reported
to be dickering about putting one
Of their spokesmen also at Mr..
Wilson's right hand. They say
that the farmer doesn't want
to be the fall guy either In
mobilization.
Evening star., 1951-03-09

The postman rings and hands
IN a formidable envelope, vague
ly familiar. You open it and
find the return for your District
Of Columbia income tax, due
April Is, to help finance such
city government as we have
here, nothing very special, which
operates mysteriously and with
out the citizens having any say
whatever about it.
It's always a surprise-that
D. c. tax return. You forget
it-and then there it is and.
to compound the felony, so to
speak. it comes while you are
struggling with that other tax
form for the Federal Govern
ment.
Then, standing there in the
vestibule, you go into your an
nual one-man revolution with a
slogan which was good enough
against King George the Third:
Taxation without represen-
tation."
It is a special sort of tyranny.
For you have absolutely no say
whatever about the District of
Columbia government under
which you and your family live
and nothing to say about how
those fellows spend your money.
Which offers the opportunity to
remind folks in other parts of
the country that citizens of this
capital of what we proudly call
the greatest democracy in the
world have no vote-and no
democracy.
Please note that-once again.
For people in the rest of the
country, if they would, could
help us out. They elect Con-
gress and Congress runs our
city through a board Of COM
misSionerS who are appointed
by the President-not by us
but Congress still won't give
us a vote to elect our own city
government-or for anything
else, such as President and Con-
gress.
The same day the greetings
arrived about the District Of
Columbia income tax to help
support local government in
which we have no voice, some
thing else happened at the Cap
itol which shows how stupid and
silly our government setup is.
The House District of Colum-
bia Committee voted against us
having daylight-saving time
here. Why? Because some
members representing farmers
hundreds Of miles away-who
Evening star., 1951-03-09

which brought their troops close
to the gates of Teheran. The
then young United Nations
stepped in energetically and
Iran was saved.
Gen. Razmara took Office
when Iran was at q low stage
militarily and economically. He
could not expect to organize an
army strong enough to oppose
the U. S. S. r. successfully. But
he started creating a force
which could give a good ac-
count Of itself, even for a short
period.
He turned to the United
States for the help he needed to
strengthen the military and
economic fabric of his country.
He appealed to US because he
knew that America sought no
selfish benefits from any assis-
tance it granted free nations.
We had been Trans warm sup
porter before the United Ma
tions in 1946.
Unfortunately the American
Government was too busy re-
Gently helping other countries
to pay particular attention to
Iran. When the State Depart
ment appeared to drag its feet,
the Shah came to America last
year. He was well received. But
this personal contact and the
negotiations with the Ameri-
can Embassy at Teheran pro-
duced more promises than
deeds.
Under such conditions Gen.
Razmara decided to improve
Trans relations with the
u. S. s. r. by negotiating a COM
mercial treaty on terms as fav-
orable for Iran as they were for
Russia. He took good care to
Evening star., 1951-03-09
Debating Society Government
Congress Making Grave Mistake in Limiting
Number of Troops to Be Sent to Europe

would become unnecessary. 1t
could declare an intention to
review the authority granted in
the event that q peaceful settle
ment of existing disputes is ac-
complished.
There are many examples in
legislative history whereby Con-
gress has passed an armament
bill but accompanied 1t with q
proviso that the armament
would be reduced in the event
international settlements salts
factory to this country were
some day achieved.
The effort In Congress to limit
the number Of divisions which
may be sent to Europe really
may not prove the incentive it
is intended to be to other ma
tions. The Western democracies
will naturally raise as many
divisions as they can, consistent
WAWA N1CA VCO11O1AAlS c1Iudt1OA1s
and they will not be impressed
by the limitation anyway. For
they know that in an emergency
the Congress of the United
States will authorize the Execu-
tive to disregard it or will ratify
any action he takes in such an
emergency.
About all any limitation does.
therefore, is to notify the Com
munist world that American
military strategy is neither firm
nor farsighted and that it isn't
in the hands of the military
chieftains but in the hands Of
the legislators. This is an ideal
break for an organized dictator
ship which scorns democracy as
unorganized and futile in the
pinches. An organized democ-
racy can defeat q dictatorship
but public opinion will have to
influence Congress to begin soon
the task Of organizing our mill
tary effort on a more effective
basis.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1951-03-09
Thomas L. Stokes:
ASpecio| Sort Of Tyranny

the last Congress to give US q
vote and unanimously. But
Mr.. Mcmillan Of South Carolina
locked 1t up in his House Com
mittee. Thereupon a petition
was circulated to force the COM
mittee to discharge the bill for
a House vote. It got up to only
a few short Of the required 218
signatures, a majority Of the
House. Then Republicans called
a party caucus and number of
Republican names were with
drawn from the petition. House
Republicans play footy with
Southern Democrats, Abe Lin
coin Notwithstanding. So the
bill never got to the floor.
New bills have been intro
duced in both branches in the
new Congress. In the Senate a
Southern Democrat, Estes Ke-
fauver Of Tennessee, is its
ardent champion. as he was in
the last Congress. Senator
Taft of Ohio is likewise a spon-
Sor.
But in the House the Con-
federate flag still flies over Fort
Sumter.
Evening star., 1951-03-09
David Lawrence:

Congress has a right to say
whether troops shall be sent to
Europe but the members will be
making grave mistake If they
attempt to substitute their judg-
ment for that of the Comman-
der-in-Chief in determining
how many soldiers. sailors or
airmen shall be sent abroad.
The situation here is becoming
tangled because fundamentals
are being lost sight of.
Government by debating So
ciety is all right for civilian
problems but debating societies
cannot run armies, navies or air
forces.
Congress two years ago passed
q law declaring that the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff are the principal
military advisers Of the Com
nander-in Chief. No democ-
racy can survive in a critical
emergency If it has to submit
military operations, plans and
movements to a legislative body
for approval or disapproval.
There is a proper question for
Congress to decide-not one
house but both houses-and
that's the question Of whether
troops shall be sent to Europe
at all. The issue in sense al
ready has been resolved because
the North Atlantic Treaty has
been ratified, and this plainly
implies that America must do
her share to withstand attack
In Europe on any signatory ma
tion. This means that every
member nation, including the
United States, must supply ade-
quate forces not merely to repel
an attack but to deter an at
tack.
Once Congress has decided to
give the President authority.
therefore, to send troops to Eu-
rope or to defend the American
troops who are already there,
Evening star., 1951-03-09
Henry McLen1ore:
B|ow-by-B|ow Description
Of Visit to Blue Grotto
Henry McLenore:

CAPRI-To come here and
not 60 to see the Blue Grotto
would be like going to WASH
ington and refusing to look at
the Capitol.
There is a great difference,
however, in the means of trans
portation you use in visiting
these two famous sights. The
Capitol can be reached by bus.
passenger car. taxi, streetcar.
or foot. Indeed. if a person
wanted to he could view the
Capitol from a goat cart. all
Irish Mail. or perched on a pogo
stick.
But not the Grotto. That cele-
brated blue job can be reached
by only one means. and that is
lying down flat in the bottom
Of q rowboat. In case you
haven't had the pleasure or
misfortune. according to your
lights. Of visiting this marine
phenomenon, here is a blow-by-
blow description by a man who
just got back.
You catch q small motor
launch at the Capri docks and
chug-chug for half an hour to
the entrance Of the Grotto, but
you don't 60 into the Grotto in
the launch. The entrance into
the solid rock is shaped like
croquet wicket and is no more
than three feet high and six
feet wide.
With the arrival of every
swell of the Mediterranean
and when I was there 1t was
filled with more swells than a
horse show-the entrance is
completely blocked, and that's
where the rowboats come in.
You must transfer from your
launch to the tiny rowboat-no
mean feat. I might add-and
bob around until 1t is your
guides turn to take you in. At
his command you stretch out
flat In the bottom Of the row.
boat, which holds two ordinary
or garden size tourists. and swal-
low salt water as he carefully
paddles in toward the opening.
The guides Is q delicate task.
He must time his arrival at
the entrance Just q split Sec
Evening star., 1951-03-09

see that the Russians did not
slip into such an agreement any
conditions which later could be
interpreted as giving the Krem-
lin the right to intervene in the
country's domestic affairs.
Iran was trying to become q
neutral country in the East
West conflict. Gen. Razmara
was aware that such neutrality
would not survive an actual
war between the Communists
and the free world. But he hoped
that so long as the cold war
lasted he could. by clever dip
lomatic acrobatics, maintain a
balance while he consolidated
his country's power. He was on
the way to achieving this when
he was murdered.
The Nome nugget., 1951-01-19

WASHINGTON, (R - The Air Force announced yesterday it is immediately calling up "a major portion" of the Air Reserve and the National Guard and large num- bers of volunteer Air Reservists.
 The call involves about 150,000 men and is designed to increase Air Force manpower to 971, ,000 as soon as possible.
 The Air Force said it will call at least 12 additional National Guard Wings, 21 Air Reserve Training Wings, most of the ground support ing units and volunteer reserve
 Continued on Page Six)
The Nome nugget., 1951-01-19
''Is U. s. Going To Construct Concrete Plant In Canada?'' TOllefson Asks
(By Frank w. Vaillel

GAP Special Washington Service)
 WASHINGTON, lP-Rep. Tolz lefson R.-Wash) posed a. series of questions yesterday for Charles E. Wilson, defense mobilization di-. rector, Concerning Ca rumored proposal to expand. United States funds for the construction of an aluminium plant -in Canada"
 The proposed aluminium devel- opment in the Kitimat area of the northern British Columbia wilder ness has come under fire in Alas ka. Published reports in Alaska have said the Canadian project will knock out, for the preesnt at least, the planning for a possible project at Skagway.
 The Anchorage, Alaska, Times said editorrially last week that the plan to use. United States funds for the Canadian project 'shas all the badges of a double cross" It said the setback to the
 eContinued on Page Six
The Nome nugget., 1951-01-19
Truman Hopes Congress Will Ap- prove; But Will Act On Own If Not

WASHINGTON, R)-President Truman said yesterday he will ap- preciate it highly if the Senate ap- proves sending more troops to Eu- rope, but repeated he will do whatever is necessary to meet the world situation.
 He told his news conference he is not asking the Senate to take such action. However, he said he is happy the Democratic majority is working on an affirmative resolu- ton expressing approval of the use of U. s. troops in Europe un- der Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's new Western defense command.
 The President last week insisted he has Constitutional authority as commander in chief to send addi- tional troops to Europe with or without approval of Congress. The Democratic move to back him up developed after Senator Wherry of Nebraska, Republican floor leader, offered a resolution to bar
 Continued on Page Five)
The Nome nugget., 1951-01-19
Is Gravel Mineral? Fate Of Alaska's
 School Lands Rests On Decision

ANCHORAGE, R-Is gravel valuable mineral? Does its pres ence on school section lands per init the stalking of mining claims?
 O nthose questions may hinge a court decision that could affect Alaska's financial structure and deprive schools of large anticipat- ed funds.
 The issue came to light We'd nesday when Lowell Puckett, re- gional administrator for the bur eau of land management, disclosed that four well-known Alaska fam flies had staken placer claims on $40 acres of valuable school land east of Anchorage.
 The reaction was violent. An chorage school district officials conferred with attorneys on ways to void the claims. The city plan ming commission began study of the situation. City Manager Robert Sharp reported the interior depart ment in Washington, D. C., had taken the matter under advise ment.
 The land, on the outskirts of this rapidly growing Alaska city, has been estimated as worth more than $2,OOO,O00 if divided into 3,20O lots. Similar lots are bring ing $7O0 a piece.
 The families contend they dis covered gravel in the area, and mining laws allow filing of claims on school sections if they contain valuable minerals.
 Mining authorities here say pre-
 Continued on Page Four) '.-
The Nome nugget., 1951-01-19
'sNO-Tax'' Session Predicted For
 1851 Legislature
(By Jim Hutcheson)

SEATTLE, (R - The Senator who is likely to be the Republican leader in the new Alaska Legis- lature predicted today that the 1851 session will be a no-tax ses- sion.
 "I doubt seriously if any new taxes will be enacted" Territorial Sen. John Butrovich of Fairbanks said. He expressed the belief there is no need for new ones and that there certainly is no desire for them on the part of the public.
 The 1851 session opens at Jun eau Monday with Democrats sol idly in control of the House and an even eight-eight split of the two parties in the Senate.
 Butrovich, who has been hos pitalized here for surgical treat ment, expects to fly to Juneau Sunday.
 "The budget is the big problem; I think it is the only real prob lem," declared the businessman who played a key role as chair man of the 1949 Senate finance committee in drafting the budget under which the Territory now is operating.
 Butrovich said he thinks "it will be a very peaceful session-once we get organized"
 He predicted the major con- troversy will be over "side issues" such items as the disagreements that figured prominently in the election campaign.
 But he acknowledged the or
 (Continued on Page Eight)
The Nome nugget., 1951-01-19

WASHINGTON, P)-Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey yesterday asked Congress for an indefinite exten- sion of the draft law with author ity to induct men from IS through 25 years.
 This is not an emergency shot in the arm," he told the Senate armed services preparedness sub- committee.
 Hershey, who has operated the selective service system for 10 years, gave full support to the broad universal military service and training bill sent to Congress late Wednesday by Secretary of State Marshall.
 Tt is the best act we can hope for at the present time," he told chairman Lyndon Johnson o. Tex) of the Senate group.