davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Victory Is in Sight

A letter on this page today from Thornton
Owen, general chairman of the Community
Chest-USO campaign, renews an invitation to
contributors to designate the agency or agencies
which are to receive their gifts
Such designations are observed in distrib-
uting the funds. If an agency receives enough
gifts through designations to meet its quota, it
receives that quota regardless of the success of
the campaign as whole. If by designations the
agency quota is overSubscribed, the surplus
naturally, goes into the general fund.
The most interesting part of the Chests
experience with the designation system, as
described in Mr.. Owens letter, is that last year
only about a tenth of the donations to the
campaign were designated. This indicates that
the overwhelming majority of Chest contributors
support the underlying principle of one, united
campaign for all Chest agencies; that they think
of their donations as going into the common
pool, leaving the distribution to the Budget Com
mittee and the need 1t finds.
The Chest campaign this year seems to be
doing we'll The ground that remains to be
covered before it can be called successful, how
ever, is being measured In terms of numbers
OF contributors rather than dollars and cents
For If 1t Is possible to reach approximately
10000 more people, the dollars and cents needed
to meet the goal are assured. We should not
let the campaign fail this year. The end is in
sight and attainable If there can be final spurt
one more good push in the next ten days.
Evening star., 1951-11-18

Front-page space in The Star of No
vember 20. 1901. was used to accommo-
date a telegram from
Prot. Ritchey's Chicago readings
Discovery Prof. G. w. Ritchey of
Yerkes Observatory is
reported to have made discovery in
astronomy which will make himself and
the observatory world famous The dis
covery, in brief is the proof of what
is known as the nebular theory of crea-
ton, announced by La Place, and of the
theory that the solar system, and even
star clusters, have been formed by mil
lions of years of evolution from great
bodies of gaseous matter floating in
space. 1t is also claimed that proof has
been adduced that a nebula. with
star for a nucleus, changes it's shape
and the quantity of light it emits and
that these changes are so rapid as to be
observable within the compass Of
few hours. The celestial object upon
which Prof. Ritchie has made his OBJ
servations is the mysterious star Nova
of Perseus, which suddenly appeared last
February in the northern sky blazing
with strange light in place where there
had been no star before On the
night of September 20 Prof Ritchey
photographed Nova of Perseus by means
of the 24-inch reflector at the observa-
tory. The negative disclosed the fact
that the star was surrounded by a
nebula." But still more important were
two fairly dense wisps of nebulosity -.
merging into the convolutions of the
nebula." When Prof. Ritchey exposed
another plate on November Is. he found
that the spots of density in the west
field of the nebula had moved. He later
made many additional photographs of
the heavens, perhaps the most beautiful
of their kind ever made by any man.
The 60-inch and the 100-inch telescopes
at Mount Wilson were built under his
direction, and the 40-inch rejecting tele-
scope at the Naval Observatory here in
Washington also was constructed by
him.
Evening star., 1951-11-18

A letter signed &C. NJ. Campbell
printed in The Star for November Is,
1901. read in part as
Too Much follows: "The eight
Home Work hour law, which applies
to nearly all the labor
ers of the District, and the six and a
half hours that measure the daily stint
of Government employees are supposed
What, then, is to be thought of School
Board regulations that require half
grown school children to work 10 and
IL hours day? . My children have
to study five good hours every day to
keep up with the long and hard lessons
they bring home. Why cannot teach
ers appreciate that three hours study
is enough home work for high school
pupil, instead of giving out work for
five and six hours? .. I know pupils
that study Friday afternoons and all
day Saturday, reserving to themselves
only Sundays for recreation. This
whole system of over-pressure in these
days of advancement in learning and
knowledge of child, hygiene is mex
cusable. My boy came home today at
4:30 o'clock ;. after being kept in one
hour and a half for having missed a
single word in spelling, and hurried
right to his studies for the next day.
without an hour for play, and never
stopped till bedtime. What can such a
tagged brain accomplish"
A dispatch from London. published in
The Star on November 10. 1901, reported:
THE funeral of Col. j.
Col. Mopleson H. Mapleson. the oper-
Decd attic impresario, yes
terday at Highgate, a
suburb was sadly neglected ceremony.
A solitary carriage, containing brother
and brother-in-law of the deceased
followed the hearse. Not one of the
great operate artistes either attended
or sent a floral token. and only a few
private and family friends were present
at the inter- ent."
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Mr.. Truman Cracks Down

The dismissal Of Assistant Attorney General
T, Lamar Caude apparently marks the end of
an era in the Truman administration.
The President has fred Mr.. Caudle, not for
any illegal acts, but because the Justice De-
partment official, in Mr.. Trumans opinion, has
engaged in activities incompatible with the
duties of his Office.
This is something new under the White
House sun, for in the past the he-has-done-
nothing-illegal attitude served to excuse a
multitude Of activities by number of individuals
Activities that were thoroughly incompatible
with their official duties.
On the basis of the known facts, it does not
appear that Mr.. Caudle's incompatible acts were
any worse than the acts of others who still
remain in the administration circle. He has
engaged in some questionable, though minor, oil
ventures; he took an expenses paid trip to Italy
to look into some financial troubles two wine
merchants were having and he rode to Miami
In the private plane of a man who was in tax
trouble, although Mr.. Caudle says he did not
know that at the time This, of course, may not
be the whole story. Mr.. Caudle has been under
investigation by House Ways and Means sub
committee, and that group expects to hold
public hearings later this month, with Mr.
Caudle as witness. 1t will be possible then
to determine whether the dismissed head of the
Justice Department Tax Division, and former
chief OF Its Criminal Division, has been dealt
with more severely for no more serious offenses
than some of the others.
Meanwhile, the Presidents apparent de-
termination to clean house is to be welcomed
1t has come very late in the day, and there is
no reason to doubt that 1t has been inspired by
belated realization that the long series Of
adverse disclosures has seriously prejudiced the
Presidents political prospects While the people
were having their eyes opened by the revelations
as to the ive-percenters, the deep-freeze boys,
the mink coat episode, the larger RFC Irregular
tiles and the shocking Internal Revenue matters,
Mr.. Truman adopted defensive attitude. In
far too many cases he took no action because
his associates had done nothing illegal" That
they had been guilty of things that were highly
unethical seemed not to matter If the firing
of Mr.. Caudle marks the end of that era, this,
of ITSELF is a marked turn for the better.
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Gifts to the Chest

All of us associated with the 1852
Combined Community Chest Federation
United Defense Fund (USO) campaign
are grateful for the fine cooperation
which is being extended by The Star. I
hope you will continue to present news
and comment on the campaign until the
S4,050000 goal is reached through COM
plete solicitation of all potential givers
We find there is some misunderstand-
ing on the part Of donors concerning
designation of gifts. This option OF in
dicating on pledge card or separate list
the member Chest agencies. hospitaliza-
ton fund Tor USO this year, in which
the subscriber is especially interested has
been offered year after year by the Chest
Federation headquarters. Such designa-
tions are recorded. carefully. after the
campaign audit is completed Each
agency or other eligible organization re-
ceives all the funds designated by its
friends and much more than that sum.
The latest study of specific designa-
tions to Red Feather agencies for 1851,
for example, shows only 81, ,545 designa-
tions of SIS or more for a total of
$342.0l8.67.
Total disbursements to agencies for
1850. however amounted to SO ,432 STA.
This indicates that only approximately
one-tenth of the total funds to agencies
come with personal preference in desig-
nations by about one seventh of the l75.-
900 donors of SIS or more through last
years campaign.
The Salvation Army in Washington
led the list with 2,568 designations for
$25 .404.6 SO included in its total ALLEGATION
of $85.446.84. st. AIMS Infant Home
was second with 1929 friends designat-
ing $20,241.51 of its $50. .92995 allotment.
Similarly. 844 friends of the Instruc-
tive Visiting Nurse Society designated
$l4904.51 to that health agency-but it's
total appropriation from Community
Chest funds was $170,l99.53.
Thus. 1t is quite apparent that the
occasional inquiry as to what is done
with any surplus of funds designated
over and above an agency's allotment is
hypothetical. I understand it has only
happened once in the case of a small
appropriation to an agency no longer
in the United Community Services
CWashington Chest).
If an agency were designated up to 100
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Deeeiving the Public

General Ridgway's comments on the unau-
thorzed disclosure of Communist atrocity killings
OF American prisoners merely makes a bad
situation worse. And it also makes it appear
that the people of this country have been
deceived by the published casualty figures.
Although he does not say so specifically
General Ridgway seems to confirm the announce
ment by Colonel Hanley that some 5000 U. N
prisoners all but 500 of them Americans, have
been killed by their Communist captors He
takes the line, however that the American people
should not be surprised by this revelation of
enemy brutality
Why should they not be surprised? The
latest casualty report said that only 1873 Amer
lean prisoners were known to have died When
the real story broke, officials at the Pentagon
profeSsed ignorance as to the facts. And even
the President indicated that he did not know
whether the story was true. Yet General Ridg-
way says the revelation should have come as
mo surprise
His explanation, after some high flown
double talk, is that it had been concluded some
months ago to make the facts known at "an
appropriate time when the accumulated evidence
warranted and when due coordination had been
effected with the proper authorities in Wash
ington." Meanwhile, he frowns on Colonel
Hanley's decision to release the story, and de-
plOreS Lne anguish which THIS most regrettaDle
incident" has inflicted upon the relatives and
friends of missing prisoners. --.-
That is indeed an astonishing position for
him to take. For by suppressing this information
he has permitted the families of $500 slaughtered
prisoners to continue to hope and believe that
they were alive. What did General Ridgway
suppose the reaction of these relatives would be
when the truth came out-when they learned
that the men had been killed, even though not
identified and that this fact had been suppressed
over long period of time?
It does not seem to The Star that this
matter should end with General Ridgway's re-
port If the high command at the Pentagon
did not know the truth why was it kept from
them? Why was it kept from the President?
And what is the real reason that it was kept
from the people, while they were being en-
couraged to believe that the Army did not know
of more than 1873 American prisoners who had
died in enemy hands?
This is one of the sorrest chapters in the
history of military public relations. Perhaps
nothing more than bad judgment was involved.
But if this is the case, it was outrageously bad
judgment, and General Ridgway should be told
80 in no uncertain terms.
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Letters to The Star .

per cent OF its approved budget, it would
get that amount, regardless of whether
the campaign attained its goal Like
wise. II an agency received designations
to SO per cent of its budget and the cam
paign was 95 per cent successful, it would
have an ALLEGATION of so per cent from
its special friends. plus IS per cent more
from the general funds. But any cover
age beyond the budget would, of course,
revert to the entire fund for the benefit
of all member agencies.
In summary. the Chest agencies, hos
pitalization fund and United Defense
Fund CUSO) all welcome designations.
They are honored as definite commit
ment. Each agency will receive early in
1852 a list of all its friends and the
specific amounts they indicated from SIS
and above. To tabulate designations
under the IS minimum would seem to
require unreasonable cost in clerical
work with the small staff available.
When the lists were prepared with gifts
down to 81 included in 1850, the total
tabulation showed 46054 designations
for $450,3l3-or about IL per cent of
total results in donors and money for
that year.
A separate slip distributed with pledge
cards this year gives all the agencies and
their last years ALLEGATIONS with this
message: 1T will be helpful to the
Budget Committee If you will designate
each agency of your preference with the
amount you wish to contribute to each"
A copy of the most recent annual des-
ignation summary will be mailed on re-
quest to any donor who wishes complete
information on this personalized aspect
OF the Community Chest plan for united
giving to support health, welfare and
other services to members of the armed
forces.
Thornton w. Owen,
General Chairman. Community Chest
USO Campaign.
Evening star., 1951-11-18
The Fifth Freedom
By Bruce Borton

Years ago was introduced to bank
president who had just returned from q
trip to Europe. He was vehement in
his disdain of English banking habits.
LAS long as am president of my institu-
ton" he doomed. there never will be q
pension system. In those English banks
when boy is hired he knows from the
first day exactly what his career is to be.
Every six months he will get tiny
raise. And whether he be smart or.
stupid, ambitious or lazy, he will wind up
with little pension and a little place
in the country where he can smoke his
pipe and grow cabbages. How can any
country expect to go forward when there
is no more incentive or excitement in
mems lives than that"
That president has passed on. The
bank which he helped to raise to great
ness has pension system.
remember another incident that
startled me at the time. In prominent
Middle West city series Of lectures was
arranged each fall for the graduates Of
the city high schools to help them choose
their vocations. Among the standard
favorites in those days were account-
ancy, advertising, art. law, medicine,
teaching, writing, etc. But in the early
1930s. a new favorite, hitherto unmen-
toned. jumped to the top of the list.
Hundreds Of youngsters wanted to hear
lecture on Government service.
Those youngsters were the children
of the depression. They had seen their
fathers unemployed, while the police
men, the firemen, the letter-carriers car
ried on as usual. They weren't interested
in future; they wanted safe jobs.
Only fool would argue today against
social security. pensions and unemploy-
ment insurance They are here to stay.
But it might be well to remind our.
selves that the father Of security" was
not Roosevelt, but Bismarck. He en-
acted social benefits" not because he
was big hearted. but because he believed
that the JunkerS were divinely COM
missioned to rule. And he wanted the
people to be docile under that rule.
Have we perhaps spent so much time
worrying about the So-called fourth
freedom freedom from want-that we
have forgotten there is also very neces-
sary fifth freedom-freedom to want?
To want to do more, to want to take
risks to want to be our own masters.
BY our too easy acceptance of more and
more Government aid, are we bribing
ourselves into passivity?
Well, not all Of US are. see plenty of
evidence of extra hustle in my own ONCE.
I see hordes of youngsters pouring out
of night schools when take my before
bedtime walk. And ! see opportunity
s!i 9and i..,. Kin. ,....,.. .,,a,..,.
Evening star., 1951-11-18
The Same Old Line

AS far as essentials are concerned, the new"
Soviet disarmament plan is as old and as
familiar as the Kremlins persistent and sys-
tematc policy Of obstructing all efforts to
establish world peace worthy Of the name.
Although Foreign Minister Vishinsky has dressed
1t up in language that has been modified here
and there it is still the same thing it was
year ago, two years ago and even five years ago.
Thus as in the past, Mr.. Vishinsky has once
again called upon the United Nations General
Assembly to adopt resolution that would have
the effect-morally and legally-of subjecting
the United States and it's Western Allies to an
immediate unconditional prohibition of atomic
weapons. In other words, it would deprive the
free world, in kind of uniateral disarmament,
Of the one military advantage it enjoys at present
as an offset or deterrent to the Soviet Unions
vast numerical superiority in terms of troops
and armored forces, and perhaps air power as
we'll
AS if to make it more palatable Mr.. Vishinsky
has put this Soviet proposal in a package that
would contain these other old, old features of
the Kremlins disarmament philosophy: % AS
a follow-up to the immediate A-weapons ban
the appropriate U. N. agencies-at date no
later than next February would present for
the consideration" Of the Security Council a
draft treaty to insure the effectiveness of the
ban and to establish "strict" international control
under which atomic energy would be used exclu-
sively for civilian purposes. And (2) smultane-
ousy with imposing the ban, the General
Assembly would recommend that the United
States, Britain, France, China and Russia make
q one third cut within one-year period, in all
the arms and armed forces they now have at
their disposal-an arrangement so obviously
favorable to the tremendously militarized Red
Empire that explanatory comment Is hardly
necessary. --,,
And how would the Soviet Union implement
this disarmament plan? What kind OF verifica-
ton and-control system would it set up? Well,
according to Mr. vishinsky, all countries-not
later than month after the General Assembly
had taken the steps outlined above-would
present complete official data" regarding the
status of their atomic and non-atomic arms,
their armed forces and their foreign military
bases. In addition, to top everything off, there
would be created-aDithtn the framework OF the
Security Comedian international organ for the
"implementation' of the whole program and for
Checking the information submitted by the
various states. The italicized phrase is the thing
that is important here. What it means, as the
Russians have made clear time and time again.
is that the Kremlns veto could be used at any
stage to prevent genuine inspection and policing
of what is really going on in the world behind
the Iron Curtain. r.:
BY way of contrast, speaking for the free
world the Western Big Three-France, Britain
and fhe United states-have proposed step-by-
Evening star., 1951-11-18
Fifty Years Ago in The STAR

The society notes in The Star of No
vember ID, 1901. began with this para
graph: Miss Alice
Miss Roosevelt Roosevelt made
Making Coils round of calls yester-
day afternoon, driving
in an open carriage behind the Presi-
dents new horses. The carriage, with its
light trimmings and the new livery on
the men, with red, white and blue
cockades, matching rosettes on the
horses heads, make a turnout not likely
to lose its distinction. no matter how
crowded the thoroughfares may be. The
new horses, Admiral and General. are
brothers and such perfect matches that
a casual glance discovers no difference
between them. They are mahogany bays.
with black points. and have long, flow
ing tails Miss Roosevelt wore
highly becoming dark red cloth gown,
with dark furs and white hat"
IF you go into IL Washington book
stores and ask, what book sells in the
greatest number, sell
The Best Selling most regularly and is
Rook most constantly in de-
mand." said The Star
of November 18, 1901, "the answer will
be everywhere the same-the Bible :.
More than one bookseller in Washington
orders thousands of copies every year.
and the total sale here is estimated at
over $4,000" dealer interviewed by a
Star reporter, explained: mot so vary
long ago all Bibles were alike in their
appearance. Now you can buy one that
looks like reference book, slip it into
your pocket and read it in public without
exciting the least comment. Among the
expensive grades. now sold are editions
of an xtra-large print. :. We sell for
use in churches a print of the Bible on
good paper, with sufficient margins, of
large type and substantial binding.
which costs the buyer rs cents. These
are called pew Bibles For dollar q
man can buy as good Bible, except for
the binding alone. as he could have
bought for $25 when was . boz
Evening star., 1951-11-18
There Are Other Regulations, Too

During his press conference at Key West
the President repeated his denial of the Arthur
Krock story in the New York Times. Further
more he said General Eisenhower had denied
the story and as both he and General Eisen-
hover had a reputation for telling the truth,
that ought to end the matter.
But of course it will not end the matter.
Because there is another reputation involved.
This is the reputation built up over the years by
Mr.. Krock as an able and discriminating re-
porter for highly responsible newspaper. Nei-
ther Mr.. Krock's nor his newspapers, reputa-
ton. has suffered in the slightest by reason of
the story and the Presidents denial. Among
newspapermen who know him and understand
his newspaper there is no doubt that Mr.. Krock
obtained the story he wrote from source he
considered wholly reliable Otherwise, he would
not have written it and his newspaper would
not have printed It,
The President was in position, at his
press conference, to clear up the whole matter
when he was asked the $64 question: do you
have any intention Of supporting General Eisen-
hover for the Democratic nomination in 1882"
He declined to comment. In the absence of
the absolute truth, the relative truth probably
leaves room enough for Mr.. Krock'S story and
the Presidents denial without any formal initia-
ton of any new members into the Ananias
Club. AS for General Eisenhower, he has made
no direct statement himself. His aides who
were not at the White House either, have done
the denying.
Flaming objects seen hurting across the
Landscape near the Mexican border may have
been meteors or northern tourists after their
first experience with the local cooking