davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-10-21

unioniZed operators to finance the
UNIV welfare and retirement fund
of $3.50 million year. Benefits
available to union miners from this
fund, however, are powerful argu-
ment to miners to join the union.
Mr.. Lewis doesn't think the nom
union miners are much threat to the
UNIV, for these reasons:
/. Where they are concentrated, as
in some counties of Kentucky, the
union is putting up big fight to
organize them-punctuated by shoot
ings and million-dollar damage suits
against non-union companies and
some sheriffs.
2. Coal from non-union mines
often is of an inferior grade and can't
compete for the best markets. even
at lower price.
8. A majority of non-union pits
are small openings mined by families
or community groups, and the coal
largely is used locally. 1t wouldn't
pay the union to try to organize
them.
The big operators with costly union
SOi1Gl dNto dIC dllhlOuo kOT MI. LEWIS
to bring all non-union pits into his
orbit because it helps eliminate price
cutting.
There have been rumors that he
made a deal with the unionized coal
interests last January to clean up the
non-union pits in return for his quick.
surprise wage boost of $160 a day
just before the Governments wage
freeze. That's never been admitted
by either union or industry. How
ever. when one Of the thousands of
non-union surface mines scattered
around the country gets big enough,
he sends in organizers
(The Associated Press
Evening star., 1951-10-21
Bunging in Middle East Would Rouse Hostile Islam

never sudden: it goes piecemeal. The
British empire has been in process Of
dissolution since the end of the first
World War. The tempo is increasing.
Hard TO Convince
But it is difficult to convince those
in power to accept unresistingly
such a fate. 1t is only natural for
the Western colonial powers to re-
sist the fatal blows impending from
Mohammedan countries. But it is
unfortunate that it should happen
at time of world crisis when
ruthless semi-Asiatic power-the
u. S. S. R.-is conniving to destroy
not only the former empires but the
entire Western civilization.
1t is equally unfortunate that the
governments in the West should re-
fuse to see the writing on the wall
and attempt to meet the situation
by force rather than by statesman
ship and compromise. The British
could have maintained some interest
in Iranian oil and certainly not in
CURED the hostility of these peoples
had London accepted advice before
1t grew too late.
The British could also have main
tanned their prestige and the friend
ship of the Egyptians had they
agreed to the claims of the national
lists to withdraw by agreement-in-
stead of force-their troops from the
Suez Canal.
The French still could maintain
themselves advantageously in North
Africa If they lived up to the treaties
they signed with the Moroccan sui
tanate in 1912 and with the Tunisian
people. Their rough-shod politics
little known in this country because
of the martial law which still prevails
in those countries-may keep them
in control for a short time but not
indefinitely.
Understandable FoiIing
Short sightedness is understand
able. Nations, like individuals, do
not like to give UP something vastly
profitable. But our Government
SOAlA4lGtCu tOudy w uC1Cllu WCoVCIh
civilization almost single -handedly
against the onrush Of Red totali-
tarianism-has no such inhibitions.
Our policy makers should have a
more dispassionate and clear view Of
the shape of things to come. The
fact that $50 million Islamic peoples
do not possess military force is i'm
material. They have the passive
force which can be fatal to the West
in the event of an early conflict with
the Red totalitarians.
Should the present policies not be
drastically revised. our position vis-a-
Wis Russia will be greatly weakened.
We are already being denied oil from
Iran; We may soon lose that of Iraq.
We may have an impossible situation
in Egypt which may spread talong
the southern Mediterranean coast.
And our air bases in Libya, Morocco
and Saudi Arabia depend on the
good will and friendliness not of the
governments in control there but on
the millions of Arabs who are making
a common cause with >their CO.
religionaires in Egypt and the Middle
East. This situation, unless handled
properly. may cause us more trouble
and expense in human lives and re-
sources than the precarious and dan
gerous situation In China and Korea.
Evening star., 1951-10-21
By Constantine Brown

The American people face a crisis
which may become even greater than
that in Korea with its high cost in
lives and resources. Unless the Amer
lean government is able to handle
the new situation in the Middle East
with common sense and determine
ton, the Western nations are threat
ened with hostile Islam all the
way from Indonesia to Morocco.
The Kremlin, watching the situa-
ton with eagerness, is ready to step
in either directly or indirectly to
stimulate the ennity of these 500
million people who have been our
friends and would remain SO if prop
erly handled.
The crisis stems from laundering
and short-sighted diplomacy by
British and French politicians sup
ported throughout by our own diplo-
mats. Our policy makers in the
State Department and the White
House have muffed the ball in China.
where our interests were directly
involved, because they were con-
vinced that the American govern
ment could not properly support the
corrupt and reactionary Kuomintang
regime. They SHE'D at direct inter-
vention not only because they be-
lieved the American people would
not support such an action but also
because they feared accusations Of
colonialism.
Support CoIonioIism
At the same time these American
policy makers have supported di-
rectly the policies of the French in
Indo-China. Tunisia and Morocco,
which is rank colonialism, and that
of Britain in the Middle East. The
result so far has been a war in Indo-
China which has lasted for five years,
draining Frances human and fiscal
resources, and the more serious re-
cent developments in Iran and
Egypt.
Yet, up to this time neither WASH
ington. nor London, nor Paris seems
to realize that under existing condi-
tions Statemanship-no force-is all
that can prevent catastrophe from
which neither the West nor Islam.
but the Kremlin alone, can profit.
The British and Americans have
lost Iran-not only the oil resources
but the friendship of those people
who in the past believed firmly in
our support and good will. Amer
leans who knew that country well
attempted to persuade the British to
become more liberal in the handling
of the situation and warned the State
Department that unless this was done
there would be real trouble.
Mornings ignored
The British Labor government
ignored these warnings as coming
from shrewd Yankees who wished to
profit directly from the advice. We
delayed in giving the economic and
financial support promised Iran.
Washington shared London's belief
that when threatened with an insolu-
BILE economic problem, Teheran would
give up its claim for naturalization
and accept somewhat more advan-
tageous terms. Both Western gov
ernments overlooked the nationalist
awakening which has been taking
place in the Eastern countries since
Evening star., 1951-10-21

the end Of the war. when, under pres
sure of the American Government,
the European colonial powers gave
independence to Ipdonesia. India and
Pakistan. They refused to realize
. that the colonial empire established
by Great Britain was collapsing under
the new order in the world.
We have been repeating the Lin
colnian statement that the world
cannot live half free. Yet after grant
ing a possibly premature but none
theless complete independence to
nearly half billion Moslems and
Hindus in the Indian Ocean region,
the colonial powers showed them
selves anxious to hang on to what
was left of their old empires They
are now attempting to. and France
does, use force to keep their past pre-
negatives in Islamic countries in the
Middle East and North Africa.
The Egyptian crisis. which followed
shortly the expulsion of the British
from the oil centers in Iran, has
opened second period in the strug-
gle for complete freedom of these
Evening star., 1951-10-21

countries. Britain shows q definite
inclination to enforce an already OBJ
solete treaty-obsolete not in terms
of international law but in the
meaning of the desire OF a country
to obtain her full sovereignty. But
London should know that even If
it has better force in Egypt than
that of the Cairo government, the
consequences Of using 1t will be
fatal to what some people still OPP
timistically call the peace of the
world.
It is understandable that the
British should wish to maintain the
fragments of their former vast en-
pire. But all empires without ex-
ception end in decay. Spain once
had great empire and so did
Turkey. These nations now have be-
come accustomed to living within
their own national boundries. But
it has taken several generations for
the Spainards and the Turks to be-
come reconciled with their new
status.
Disintegration Of an empire is
Evening star., 1951-10-21

ment waste and duplication. Yet
citing them does not always produce
the desired effect, as at a revival
meeting, of causing the brethren to
hit the sawdust trail to reform.
Window Dressing
Actually. economy minded Sem
ators frequently use them as window
dressing to make more palatable to
timid colleagues the drastic cuts
they propose.
The most obvious areas for re-
trenching, such as farm subsidies,
rivers and harbors bills. veterans
benefits and air mail subsidies, are
those where Congress feels the heav-
lest pressures.
But the most sensitive and extern
sive area of all this year was the
1863 billion defense appropriation.
Any man fighting this record peace
time appropriation was vulnerable
to charges of indifference to national
security or even of giving aid and
comfort to the enemy. Added to
this was the fact they were legislat-
ing in the dark on many of its pro-
visions.
Still. in the face of Senator o.
Mahoney's contention that "all war
is waste" Senator Douglas proposals.
amounting to total saving of $173
million, carried. This was lost. how
ever, when Senators precipitately
decided to appropriate SIS billion to
the Air Force. sum not requested
by the President and subsequently
cut back to 81 billion.
The Pentagon has always been a
rich source of proofs of Senator
O'Mahoney's contention. This week
brought the case, of the Baltimore
advertising man. a World War I
rif1eman who was being bombarded
with the Army's recruiting literature.
As the flow Of blotters, brochures
and postcards was stepped up. the
man turned to Senator Byrd for
help in getting it cut off. The Sen
ator appealed to two Secretaries Of
Defense.
Buck-Poss Odyssey
What happened to his first letter
gives an idea of the magnitude of
Government operations. 1t went to
the Office of the Secretary of Defense,
where it was turned over to the Sec
retary's mail officer, who passed it
along to the Coordination and Rec
ords Department of Secretary's Office.
whence it was forwarded to the
Adjutant Generals Office, which
handles recruiting. There, however,
it was misconstrued as simple COM
plant against Army advertising in
general and presumably filed under
"Complaints-Congressional." Sena-
tor Byrd tried again with Secretary
Lovett, and finally telephone call
from Washington to Baltimore
cleared the whole matter up.
Such an approach to recruiting in
the face of compulsory service some
senators feel is excessive. They also
feel name bands and sportscasts to
induce enlistmentS are quite un-
necessary.
But while Congress likes to say
that the lavish hand with Govern
ment funds lies in the executive de-
partments. it can frequently be
generous without any encouragement
from the White House. Last week,
for instance. the Senate cut the
$7.4 billion foreign aid bill by five
per cent. Then 1t added 800
million for Spain which the President
had never asked for.
The guardian., 1951-08-04
Chicago Home Of
Big Money Men

tlashy cars, big bankrolls and
pretty women are some Of the
things that have made Chicago
Colored Americas Money Capt.
tai. But these forms of luxuri-
GUS living were gained by those
who worked hard for it, accord
ing to a feature story in Our
World magazine.
Most Of the eolored wealthy
now in the chips first landed
there from Mississippi and Ten
nessee and had but one factor in
their favor - ambition. There
was the case Of Robert Cole, who
rose from a log cabin in Tenn.
to the top job in a S5,00O,0OO in
surance company.
Probing deeper into the wealth
accumulated by South Side resi-
dents, Our World discovers that
many new manufacturing ideas
were thought up by colored
folks to make money. As ex-
amples, Judge H. Parker who
made a fortune peddling home
made sausage; S. B, Fuller, a
Continued on Page Four
The guardian., 1951-08-04
TAKES
SEAT MONDAYIN
THE CITY COUNCIL

is scheduled for Monday, Aug. 6.
Atty. Matthew S. Heaphy, city
solicitor for Beverly and coun-
sci for Banks received an order
from the Superior Court for the
Election Commission to certify
Banks as duly elected. Following
a conference with Corporation
Counsel William L. Baxter and
Assistant Corporation Counsel
William Kerr, the Election Com
mission issued the certificate.
Within few minutes after
receiving the certificate Conn
cillor Banks Of Ward 9 was
sworn in by Mayor Hynes. I'm
mediately after taking his oath
of office Councillor Banks filed
his nomination papers for one of
the nine seats in the Plan A
City Council. His nomination
papers contained more than $500
signatures.
The new City Councillor, who
was elected by the people 81
months ago, expects to be seated
for the few remaining months OF
his term at the meeting of the
City Council next Monday at
two P. NJ.
The writ of mandamus order
ing the Election Commissioners
to issue an election certificate
to former Representative Banks
was issued by the Superior
to take his appeal to the U. S
The guardian., 1951-08-04
Edison Petitions
DPU For Relief Of
Finance Pressure

President James V. Toner of
Boston Edison Company reports
for the u months ended June
80, 1851, an income balance of
81, ,397, ,691, or $500 a share. This
is almost identical with the in
come balance of $7,397,384, or
$500 share for the IL months
ended June 80, 1850.
For the first half of 1851, how
ever, the Company's income ball
ance and earnings per share
were less than in the first half
of 1850. Comparable figures were
$4,O07096, or $1.62 a share in
1851, and $4,336,O57, or Sits a
share in 1850. Comparable tax
accrus1s in the same period were
$9,089,739 in 1851 and $7653, 682
in 1850, an increase of 1873 per
cent.
In further comment, Mr.. Toner
said:
In the last 10 years, increases
in gross revenues, improved load
factor, and installations of mod
ern facilities of high efficiency
have enabled the Company to
tremendous increases in
and actually to reduce
its rates to customers. This con-
dition now appears to be at an
end. At this writing the Com
panys existing rate structure
seems inadequate to meet in
creased costs of service, includ-
ing taxes, and provide a fair re-
turn on capital invested.
Stockholders have been in
formed of the Company's efforts
in the last few years to eliminate
the resale of electricity by GER
tain owners of large buildings, a
practice which d deprives the
Company of an estimated ST.
100000 in net revenue annually.
If our petition to the Massachu-
sets Department of Public Utili-
ties to accomplish this objective
be granted in the near
future, resulting in recapture of
all or a large part of this
the financial pressure
on the Company would be eased
considerably"
The guardian., 1951-08-04
Race Barriers
Down In Denver

The Denxels { OF 1881 is far
crv from the western city OF
four years when Colorado's CAPT
tai city had all the earmarks Of
a small southern town stepped
in discriminatory patterns. Job
opportunities for colored people
are now wide open, according to
a Our World feature story.
In 1947, they held menial jobs
in railroading, packing houses
and rubber factories. But today
that picture has changed con-
siderably with many skilled
workers in all phases of this
bustling towns industries.
Part Of this change was due
to a new city administration,
liberal whites and a local branch
of the National Urban League
setting up shop In the latter
organization Miller Barbour and
Sebastin Owens spearheaded the
fight to open up formerly closed
occupations to colored workers.
owens discovered that many
whites had false ideas about
colored people. One firm decided
to hire them, but wanted to
build separate toilets. Jobs
opened by the League included
the city transit lines, luggage
firms and department stores.
When Mayor Quigg Newton
was elected he set about keeping
some Of his campaign promises, /
the article discloses. With the
help of DR.. Clarence Holmes, /
outstanding colored dentist and
civic leader, he formed Com
mittee on Human Relations that
has worked toward bettering
racial conditions among the va
rious residents.
The guardian., 1951-08-04
Summer School
Students FeFed

The william Rhodes Opera
society. now celebrating its sew
enteenth year in Boston promot-
ing higher educational activities.
gave the annual reception and
program last Sunday afternoon
in honor of visiting summer
school techers and students of
the various colleges and univer
sites of greater Boston. The af-
fair was held in the parlors of
the Women's Servic Club, 464
Mass. Ave. AS has been the case
in the past, the room was filled
with the guests who come from
many states and other Boston
music folk. Among those present
was Bernice Edwards of N. Y.
City
The program included invo-
cation by Prof. c. J. Broadfieid,
solos by Gertrude Dedham,
Charles Inniss, Lewis Williams,
and George Bailey; readings by
Ella Hayes, Mary Johnson, two
orginial piano solos by Grace
Oregon, Guest speakers were
Rev. Samuel H. Bullock, Atty.
Manuel McKenney and George
R. Skelly, William Harrison, well
cknown writer, was master of
ceremonies and William Rhodes,
founder of the opera society, was
chairman of program and also
accompanist for the vocal solo
lists.
Ella Martin was chairman of
the freshment committee, assist
ed by Vera Carney, Sarah Nc
K enzie, Angelyn DeVaughn,
Amelia Myrick, Catherine Bell,
Matte Cannon, Gloria Murchin~
son, Louise Bruce, Irma Gray,
Goldie Tyler and Jean Simington
It was announced that operas
to be studied during the coming
season will include Romeo end
Juliet, Gounod, III Trovatore
Verdi, ''Das Rheingold," Wagner,
and Der Freischutz, Weber. Ap-
plications are now being accept
ed from those who can qualify.
The guardian., 1951-08-04

Atty. Laurence H. Banks was
sworn in as a Boston City Coun-
cillor Tuesday by Mayor Hynes,
almost two years after Banks
was elected to the Council from
Ward 8.
In the election held in No
vember, 1949, it was found that
ballots had been tampered with
by booth official. They had
been marked nrSt for Banks with
heavy lead pencil crosses and
later thsy were marked with
light lead pencil crosses after
Sullivan's name. The fraud was
observed by booth attendants
and the man alleged to have re-
marked the ballots was singled
out. His acts are expected to be
judged in a court case to be
brought by District Attorney
Foley.
The disputed ballots were re-
viewed by the Superior Court d
year and a half ago and that
body ruled that Banks was the
winner. Later Sullivan appealed
to the State Supreme Court after
several months had elapsed.
Four months ago the State
Supreme Court upheld the Su-
perior Court in deciding that
Banks had won the election.
Former Representative Banks
will take his seat in the Coun-
Gil at its next meeting which
The guardian., 1951-08-04
Judge HASTE
For High Court?

With the presidential election
only a year off, already politi-
clans are talking Of making
Judge William H. Hastie a u. S.
Supreme Court Justice. Writing
in Our World magazine, Warren
Gardner explains in his feature
story, rs He Headed for the U.
S. Supreme Court" why he
thinks this move will be made.
Pointing out that colored vot-
ers began throwing their weight
around in 1882, Gardner declares
that in the next election they
will hold the balance of power
in IS key states. Knowing all
this, plus the fact that they
haven't passed any Of the prom
ised legislation Of the '48 cleo
tions, what could be more logical
than to pacify the voters by ap-
pointing the former Governor of
the Virgin Islands. presently
U. S. Circuit Court Of Appeals
judge, to the country's highest
court.
A Amherst and Harvard Law
School graduate, Judge Hastie is
more than qualified to hold such
an exalted position. His record,
the author feels, would better fit
him for the Supreme Court
bench than some Of its former
judges, including Jimmy Byrnes,
advocate of white supremacy,
who's now Governor Of South
Carolina.
The guardian., 1951-08-04
CHARLOTTE HAWKINS BROWN
80 YEARS PRE- lDENT AT PAL kiER

down, but the children are safe" ="
Next, she turned to the long, hard
task of finding money TO build a
new dormitory.
Today, there is. a new Galen
Stone Hall standing in the center
of the schools 35O-acre campus,
rebuilt brick by brick and paid
for by dimes and dollars of color
ed and white men and women
from the North and South.
Wins Reputation
And to the dark-skinned, gray
ing woman, who still has
bounce in her step and a youth
full glow in her eyes, this is just
a reaffirmation of her faith in
God and people faith that has
made her one of the nations out
standing women, and has helped
Oarn her school the reputation
as zone of the most significant
experiments in colored education
in the country" "
This year, DR.. Brown rounds
out so years Of service, devoted
to the education and cultural err
richment of her people. And in
that half-century, Palmer has
grown from a handful of STU
dents in a makeshift school, to
one of the outstanding colorea
private schools in the world with
a studnt body of more than 200
and plant facilities valued at
over $5OO,O00.
Teaching Aims
Today, Palmer draws its en-
rollment from all parts of the
United States and from foreign
countries as well. And among its
educational aims are two out
standing ones: "To teach the dig
nifty of labor and to emphasize
politeness."
Palmer students walk through
Railways, always alert to the
signs overhead which say: Move
Continued on Page Four
The guardian., 1951-08-04

The Rev. Oliver B. Dale, SIS.
]. E. who has for the past six
years been vicar of the church Of
st. Augustine, andSt. Martin,
Lenox Street, Roxbury, has been
assigned to new work in the
japanese Province of the society
of St. John the Evangelist, and
will sail for the Orient in early
September. He will reside in
Tokyo where he is to build a
new mission House for the Caw-
ley Fathers in the Capital Of
Japan.
The Fellowship of st. John has
The guardian., 1951-08-04

Court, confirmed by the Supreme
Court after his opponent failed
Supreme Court which would
have cost both parties a few
thousand more dollars. The or
der was then served on the
Corporation Counsel who advised
the election officials to give Atty.
Banks his certificate after hold
ing a meeting forthwith.
The peoples response to sign
Atty Banks nomination papers
spread like wild fire all over the
city. Even on the last day for
filing nomination papers, sigma
lures were still pouring in at
his campaign headquarters and
at his downtown Office. This
was the first real chance the
people had to protest the delay
ing tactics which were persisted
in up to the last day.
The popular attorney CRATE
fully states, with this new en-
thusiasm, there will be little
doubt that I will be able to serve
the people for a full two-year
term in the new Boston City
Council. The preliminary cleo
ton is Tuesday, Sept. 25. All
Of the people who believe in
equality, fraternity and fair play
are urged to sign up Immediately
to work in the campaign eli
Atty. Banks campaign head
quarters, 979 fremont Street"