davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-11-09
I V
Continued From Page C-1J

ASOIltl11QCu XlOkA ) dSc SA'
the NCAA in pleasing the fans
even though Maryland would be
the loser.
The NCAA committee previously
had rescinded decision to in
|clude Detroit among IL cities
Originally scheduled to be blacked
out tomorrow. This was done be-
cause the Detroit station to be
used in relaying the Notre Dame
Michigan State game to the East,
Ialso was supposed to telecast the
Maryland-Navy game in the West
land this plan was held unfair.
Detroit thus got the big game.
The NCAA, however, rejected a
lplea from Southern California for
permission to telecast its game
with Stanford tomorrow over an
Eastern network. Bill Hunter,
use director of athletics, pointed
out that this game did not begin
until 5 pm. Eastern time and, in
effect, was not played on the
same day" with Eastern games
The NCAA didn't agree.
Evening star., 1951-11-09

Johnstown Jets. current leaders,
in Johnstown, Pa. Victories for
the Lions and Rovers will give
Washington ndisputed hold on
first place.
Although occupying the cellar
in the Southern Division with only
two victories in eight games, the
Falcons can be dangerous. They
proved that Wednesday night by
surprising the Jets, 5-4.
Bill (Breezy) Ness, left wing,
tops the Falcons in scoring, while
the Lions are being led by For
wards Jim Casburn and Ron
Spong. Spong has been particu-
larly outstanding in the back
checking and assist departments.
Wilt Pridham and Johnny Petro,
who scored two goals each
against the Rovers Tuesday night
at Cline. also have been playing
well.
Evening star., 1951-11-09

Harry M. O,Meara. president OF
the Washington District Football
Offlcials' Association, said today
his organization would persist IN
Its refusal to officiate Gonzaga
games until an apology is made by
Gonzaga Coach Joe Kozik for re-
marks he made following the
Eagles George. Washington High
game Monday.
OMeara made his statement
after the following letter, written
to The Star by Father Patrick M.
McSorley. Gonzaga prefect of dis
cipline, was brought to his atten-
tion.
The letter:
Il would appreciate your consid-
Grafton If you would be kind
enough to print the following
reply to Commissioner O'Meara's S
letter to the Washington papers
yesterday (Thursday). in which he
stated: Unless Mr.. Kozik sees fit
to apologize through the same
channels in which he attacked our
officials, our association in the
future will not furnish officials for
games in which Mr.. Kozik's teams
participate
Criticisms Not Unusual.
81 have the highest regard for
MIR. O'Meara and for the District
officials who work with him. I
have met some of these officials
personally and I have found all
of them very reasonable and WELL
disposed toward Gonzaga teams.
."It is unfortunate that some
remarks Of Mr.. Kozik, made i'm
mediately and on the spot after
. hard-fought game, should lead
to a public ultimatum from the
Commissioner of the District Of.
flcials Association. It does not
strike me as extraordinary that
a coach should sometimes be
heard to criticize informally off,
cials at a football game. do
not think that the District OFF,
cials Association has ever seri-
Evening star., 1951-11-09
Grid Officials Insist on Apology
For Remarks by Gonzogo Coach

,ously maintained that all of its
lmen are above criticism at all
times
Further, 1t does not seem rea-
|sonable to hold a coach RESPONSE
BILE for the printing of some
chance remarks not delivered in
Ia direct and formal interview with
the press.
THE refusal of the District OFF,
cials Association OF supply referees
constitutes an indirect rebuff to
Mr.. Kozik; directly, however, it
penalties Gonzaga High School.
1t seems unreasonable to penalize
la school and the boys participating
in high school sports because of
la furry of counter-accusationS be-
tween two conscientious parties,
la football coach and some men,
bers of the District officials Asso-
citation.
Can't Censor Remarks.
II do not think it practicable to
expect the authorities of a school
to censor all Of q coach's informal
remarks. Nor is 1t the duty of a
school to answer for all informal
expressions of opinion issuing
from football coach.
"The informal remarks Of a
coach, whether true or false. are
not a sufficient reason for causing
grave embarrassment. and diff
Guilty to an entire high school. I
feel certain that the members of
the District Oficials' Association
would not wish to subscribe to
such an unreasonable viewpoint.
II most earnestly ask Mr..
O'Meara and the District Officials
Association to reconsider their
decision. If adhered to. it would
penalize not only Gonzaga and its
students tunfairly. I think but
also all the teams we have been
accustomed to play. I trust that
generous action on Mr.. O'Meara's
part will bring this regrettable
episode to a close"
Evening star., 1951-11-09
Lions Aim 10 Continue
Winning Pace tonight
AGAINST Falcons

The Lions who started out this
season like kittens, will attempt
to maintain their recent winning
pace against the Philadelphia Fal-
cons tonight and move into the
Southern Division lead Of the
Eastern Hockey League. The
game at Uline Arena will begin
at 8:45 o'clock.
To take the lead. the Lions will
need an assist from the New York
Rovers, who are facing the
Evening star., 1951-11-09

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manufacturers guarantee.
Evening star., 1951-12-09

fense agreements with the United
States.
The other nations of Western Eu-
rope have no objection to either of
these projects. Their attitude, in
fact, seems to be that some larger
union of this nature eventually will
be essential. Continental opinion as
to the when and how of the even
tuality, however, is divided into two
schools of thought. The first holds
that the larger union should be at
tempted forthwith-as a prerequi-
site to real advances toward the
unification of Western Europe. The
other holds that West European fed
Grafton, with Britain participating,
should be pushed through forthwith
as a first step toward the larger
goal.
1t is always conceivable that some
sort of start may be made in Eu-
rope, even though Britain holds
back. But more and more, these
days, the eyes of those seeking free
world strength through union are
turning toward the United States.
Evening star., 1951-12-09
Americas S Position

Americas attitude toward this
question of political union is not
easy to pin down at this stage. The
realities of the situation have had
little time to penetrate our think
ing.
We have been content, so far, to
preach union vigorously-as a mat
ter of principle applied to others.
We have not yet thought through
a most important question. To
what extent should this principle
apply to us if, as now appears to
be the case, it cannot be applied in
our free world at all unless it does
apply to us? We are in danger of
being forced like the British to ad-
NIT that we cannot afford to prac-
tice what we have been preaching.
Americans, in the past, have been
Evening star., 1951-12-09

participation in European union is
raised, Britain is placed squarely
In a position where she must chose
between this purely theoretical
proposition and the proven rela-
tionship of the Commonwealth. The
British are realistic about these
things. The vast majority of them
do not consider there is any choice
about the matter at all.
Britain and America
Britain's attitude toward the idea
of European federation also is
affected, obviously, by her relation
ship to the United States. The
direct wartime partnership between
Washington and London saved
Britain's life. When Mr.. Churchill
talked to Mr.. Roosevelt on the
transatlantic phone, world-shaking
things got done. AS one of them
wrote some years ago, when the
federation drive first began to be
taken seriously. the British do not
like the idea that the man talking
for them on that phone to the
White House might be the chair
man of some federal foreign rela-
tions committee sitting, say, in
Frankfort. They do not like it
at all.
The British, like the continental
West Europeans, want free world
federation which is bigger than the
one they are being pressured to
join. There are two kinds of union
toward which they are favorably
disposed. The first is Atlantic union
"a federal setup embracing all ma
tions included in the North Atlantic
treaty arrangement. presently,
this means nine continental men,
ber states, plus Britain, Canada and
the United States.) The second
would add to this setup the rest of
the Commonwealth, or so much of
it as might want to join-in other
words, probably Australia and New
Zealand, which already have de-
Evening star., 1951-12-09

stance, is reported to have reached
the conclusion that he may not be
able to carry out his mission if he
has to deal Indefinitely with a
hodge-podge of boards, each COM
posed of dozen or more atomized
sovereignties.
Advice From 80
Gen. Eisenhower,s is doubtless a
special case But last month, on the
eve of the NATO Council meeting
in Rome, group of SO other repre-
sentative leaders of American opin-
ion addressed dramatic appeal to
their countrymen to give NATO the
unity it needs. This >'open letter"
bore the signatures of Gen. George
C. Marshall and three former I'm
dersecretaries of State-Clayton,
Grew and Phillips. Publishers, coll
lege presidents and churchmen add
ed their support to the plea.
Americans were urged: 81. To
give Gen. Eisenhower single politi-
cal authority-instead of the pres
ent 12-to which he can refer for
decisions. 2. To create single At
lantic agency for the formulation
and execution of the foreign policy
of the Atlantic community"
This proposal, of course, is for a
limited political merger, in which
unity of decision would be sought
only in the fields of foreign policy
and defense. But we would be fool
ing ourselves if we made too much
of the limitation. True, no one is
talking about trying to concert the
domestic policies of the various gov
ernments. But there is, today, vir-
tually no area of domestic life which
is not vitality touched by decisions
regarding foreign policy and de-
fense.
"Our era will be remembered, said
the 80, "either by what it forges or
by what the atom bomb destroys"
Correctly, they put the finger on
the individual American as the only
person who, by his active support,
could give the proposed political
merger a fighting chance.
How great is that chance?
Evening star., 1951-12-09

Only record-breaking coal exports
from the United States can prevent
Europe'S vital industries from slowing
down and. in some cases, grinding to
halt.
Europe's age-old coal shortage
problem, briefly solved by the Mar
shall Plan, is back again. bigger and
more menacing than ever. It has
brought crisis in Europe which
threatens to wreck the Vests care
fully laid plans for rearmament
against communism.
The United States has already gone
to the rescue. Every two hours. day
and night, ship loaded with 10000
tons of American coal leaves the
United States for Europe. the Far
East or South America.
In addition, the Government is
pulling As cargo ships a month out
of "mothballs' to add to this coal
armada in time for 1952-the Cru
cial year, for Europe.
Altogether, record-Shattering IS
million tons of American coal are
tentatively scheduled to flow to West
ern Europe, Japan. Pakistan. Latin
America and other friendly countries
during 1852.
But American coal is only a stop
gap solution at best. It feeds vital
industries but creates another prob
lem equally pressing: Where are
the dollars to come from to buy
American coal?
No Money
Dollar-short Europe just does not
have the money. It will'cost an esti-
mated $700 million this year to buy
% million tons of American coal.
Next year they may need as much
as 81 billion.
The United States has set aside
$1,022, ,000,0 for economic aid to
Western Europe during the fiscal
year ending next July /. But vir-
tually all of this has been allocated
to buy machinery. raw materials and
supplies, equally essential to rearma-
ment
This appears to add UP to a situ-
alton where the United States, one
way or another. will be asked to
finance coal shipments to Europe.
An election-year Congress. which
cut in half the administration re-
quests for economic aid money this
year, will be certain to deHand an
Evening star., 1951-12-09
Brituin's Position

The British position in relation
to union also takes a little under
standing. It is an embarrassing
position. Winston Churchill, since
World War II, has set something of
a record for long and loud advo-
cacy of the cause of European fed
Grafton. Yet now that he once
again is head of His Majesty's gov
ernment, Britain's contribution to
that cause remains precisely what
it was under the Labor govern
ment-profuse lip service, plus a
firm insistence that (while it Is, of
course, indispensable for other Eu-
ropeans to get together) the British
themselves can have no part in any
federal setup which is strictly Eu-
ropean in character.
To most of the audience, at this
stage of the unfolding drama, John
Bull looks suspiciously like the viii
lain of the piece. Yet the logic of
the British dilemma, to which even
Mr.. Churchill's out-of- office exu-
berance must bow, Is undeniably
strong.
Point Of View
1t is true that Britain is an island
nation of Europe's coast, deeply
involved in everything that hap
pens on the continent. But viewed
in this light only, Britain amounts
to so million people earning a pre-
carious living on less than 100000
square miles of territory-a tidy
increment to a united Europe, per-
haps, but hardly a potent factor in
Evening star., 1951-12-09

this represents transportation and
insurance.
The purchase of American coal.
plus the inflated costs of other criti-
, cal raw materials, has drained Eu-
ropean governments of most of their
available dollars. Yet, until Western
Europes coal production goes up sub
stantially. the United States, which
has 40 per cent of the worlds known
coal reserves, is the only Western
country that can help out.
The reasons for the lag in Europe's
coal production are many. Generally,
the Europeans rely more on labor
than on machinery. The result is
far lower output per man than in
the United States.
Britain, Europes biggest coal pro-
ducer, is suffering from an acute
shortage of labor. Out of Britains
100000 miners, 400 a week are quit
ting their jobs because of lack of
housing and poor pay and working
conditions.
The British government has tried
importing Italian laborers to nelp
out. But only 1000 of them actually
have gone into the mine pits, mainly
Evening star., 1951-12-09
Map by star STAFF Artist Newman sudduth.

as leery of surrendering American
sovereignty to any sort of super
government as they have been
charmed by the thought that some
start should be made somewhere
toward such an ideal. We invented
the League of Nations-but stayed
out of it. We are Mortified by So
Wet abuse of the veto power in the
U. N. Security Council-but we
would not have considered joining
the U. N. ourselves unless that same
veto power had existed for us. Still,
today, few of us could live COM
fortably with the idea that we
might be voted into war by an
alien electorate.
Times Hove Changed
Yet a great change in American
thinking on this general subject
has been taking place in recent
years, and the change seems now
to be gaining momentum. In our
relations with the U. Mn the
NATO pact setup-in the whole
gamut of our military and eco
nomic foreign aid programs-we
have boosted international team
work to a level never approached
by free nations in peacetime.
When the enemy attacked in Ko-
rea, we went half way around the
world to meet him. But in Europe,
we have not waited for him to at
tack. We not only have committed
American troops to that vital area;
we also have sent our leading SOL
dier to organize its cooperative
defense.
In World War I, we were going
to be neutral. In World War II,
we were going to quarantine the
aggressors." We have come a long
way.
The question now confronting
America is how far it must carry
the cooperative effort it has begun
in order to make that effort effec-
tive. It is not an easy question to
duck. Gen. Eisenhower, for in
Evening star., 1951-12-09

the worldwide equation, come
peace or war. The British, under
standably, prefer not to view them
selves in. this light only.
They see their nation as the key
stone of a unique globe-circling
political structure known as the
Commonwealth. Here are 900
million people and 13 million square
miles of territory. Here is an or
ganization which has more than
theoretical power, having already
decisively demonstrated it's strength.
The last war was won, on the West
ern front at least, by combination
of this Commonwealth power with
that of the United States, long
after continental Europe had been
submerged in the Nazi tide. What
would Britain's situation have been
in 1910, if she had thrown her
entire lot in with a united Europe
and surrendered her sovereignty to
it? Britons can hardly be blamed
If, today, they persist in asking
themselves that question.
CIeorcut Choice
AS concerns Commonwealth re-
lations, the British objection to
any arrangement which would
make her party to a United States
of Europe is quite clearcut. The
Commonwealth is held together by
the hghtest of bonds, in which
sentiment and mutual self-interest
are intangibly interviewer. Though
it is working partnership which
has stood the test Of time, its ties
are far less rigid and formal than
those which would be involved in
European union-the kind of union
which would field a single army and
pool its basic industrial resources
under a single political authority.
The Commonwealth nations, as
distinguished from Britain proper,
could hardly be expected to sub
merge their identity in a United
States Of Europe.
And so, when the question of her
Evening star., 1951-12-09
By John SeoIi

ported less than 3 million tons Of
American coal.
But after the West, prodded by the
United States. launched its man.
moth rearmament program in 1851,
Europe's coal requirements jumped
with each defense order.
Complicating the picture. Commu-
mist Poland, traditionally big sup
plier of coal to Western Europe. has
cut down on its coal deliveries. So
has CzechoSlovakia.
Higher Price, Tougher Conditions
Not only has Poland boosted it's
price to about $24 ton. but it is
demanding strategic war materials,
such as machinery and ball bearings,
as condition to shipment of coal.
Rather than help Russia's war
machine by such swaps, the United
States promised European nations
1t would ship American coal instead,
But, as imitation drove prices up
ward, the cost of American coal went
up, too. Now it costs from $22 to $25
a ton for the Europeans. Half of
Evening star., 1951-12-09
Coal Shortage Monkey Wrench in Vests Reormoment Machinery

because four out of five coal mine
unions refuse to accept them. The
Italians are generally regarded as
threat to steady employment.
The result is that Britain, tradi-
tionally an exporter of coal to the
European continent, has virtually
stopped all such shipments. To build
up their scanty stockpile, the British
already have contracted this year
to buy IA million tons of American
coal.
Western Germany, Europe's second
biggest coal producer, also has dis
appointed. Coal output this year will
reach only 1863 million tons. as
compared to prewar figure of 1868
million. The reasons include short
age of miners, lack of housing and a
need to rehabilitate war-devastated
mines.
Fronce Has Best Record
France. although plagued by strikes.
has turned in the best record. BY in
tensive exploitation of the Saar mines,
it has produced 761 million tons
this year-12 million more than the
1935-1938 annual figure. This is yet
far from enough for Frances busy
industry.
Belgium has turned out 32.1 million
tons during 1951-about million
tens more than its prewar total but
not enough for its own needs.
American and European production
experts, therefore. are ready to
take drastic action to spur Western
European output-immediately. They
believe their best bet now is to
concentrate on increasing West Ger
man production. An increase of 10
to Is per cent will mean about 20
million additional tons for Europe
and will cut the demand for ex-
pensive American coal almost in half.
American production experts also
are trying to improve production in
five other countrieS-Austria, France,
Italy, Greece and Turkey. These are
viewed as long-range projects, but
American officials hope they can
begin to produce more during 1852.
Nevertheless. it is expected that the
coal shortage will hamper and i'm
pede the Vests rearmament cam
paign for the next two years and
perhaps through 1854.
n associated Press)
Evening star., 1951-12-09


II Union is in the air, these days.
~ 1t is being urged, in one form
or another, by practically everybody
who is anybody this side of the
Iron Curtain The time seems to
have come, by wide consent, for
the non-Communist world to seek
its salvation in federation. Persons
who, a short few years ago, would
have scorned such talk as visionary,
now agree that some way must be
found whereby national sovereign
ties can yield to the needs of a
higher cooperation.
This happy concurrence about
the need for union, however, con-
tinues to be marred by one short
question, unfortunately an inevi-
table one. Union of what?
Western Europe is all for a West
European federation-but only if
Britain is in it. Britain is all for
West European federation-but only
II Britain is out of it. Britain
thinks a North Atlantic union
would be a fine solution - pro-
vided the United States were will
ing to join. The United States is
keen for a federated Europe, with
or without Britain. It tends to
frown, though, on any entangle-
ment which might limit its
sovereignty.
Wonderful Chonce for Somebody
And so the argument comes full
circle. In the words of Bert Will
hams' old song, union looks to
everybody like "a wonderful chance
for somebody-but somebody else
not me-"
Yet the fact remains that sub
stantial segmentS of opinion in all
the Western nations now recognize
that some measure of integration-
some consolidation of military, eco
nomic and political power-is es-
sential if the free world coalition is
to swing enough weight to establish
peace and demonstrate enough CO.
hesion to sustain peace once it is
established. The rapid development
of this kind of thinking, spurred
particularly by the economic crisis
now confronting our European al
lies, is a development of prime i'm
portance.
The new attitude has been re-
f1ected in rash of prophetic ar
ticles in the press here and abroad.
It also has had other, more signif1-
cant, manifestations.
Evening star., 1951-12-09

explanation. One of the first ques-
tions may be:
Why can't Europe produce enough
coal by itself to meet its urgent pro-
duction requirements?
Foets and Figures
Even as it strives to boost Europes
tagging coal production, the admin
istration is gathering facts and fig
ures to tell it's story. It's explana-
tion will go something like this:
Europe's industrial production has
increased 43 per cent over the prewar
level as result of Marshall Plan aid.
The Europeans hope to boost this
to SO per cent above prewar within
the next five years.
Unfortunately, Europe's coal pro-
duction has failed to keep pace. Coal
output from Western Germany, Brit
ain, France, Belgium and the Meth
erlands totaled only 1923 million
tons this year-9 million tons less
than the 1935-1938 average.
Until this year. the lag in Euro
pean coal production was discour-
aging but not of critical Importance.
I'm 1850. for example. Europe i'm
Evening star., 1951-12-09

with the question of whether or not
Britain would be party to a United
States of Europe. They think a
federation which includes Britain
could never be subject to Germany's
otherwise inevitable domination.
Why, then, does Britain hang
back?