davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-03-31
Sketch hy sudduth.

HeS CTlLICUt Oy AHISTIcuU .UECtStOtS.
who could keep armies in the field
against Japan and hold the Chinese
people together after the war.
The Western world, the President be-
lieved, in its own interest must abandon
once and for all the idea that Asiatic
races were inferior, and must work
Fundamentally with China as the best
means of preventing fundamental
cleavage of East and West in the years
to come.
Most of all, the President told Mr..
Welles. he feared a fiaring up of the
civil war in China after Japan's defeat.
There was danger of Soviet Intervention,
and the West would be tempted or forced
to back the anti-C Communist side. The
result would be situation like the Span
ish civil war, but on a larger and more
dangerous scale. The only answer was
adequate help in the restoration of
China's war-damaged economy, and a
firm agreement with Moscow that would
prevent Soviet interference in Chinese
internal affairs.
To gain that firm Soviet commitment
on China. and to get the Russian help
which his military advisers assured him
Evening star., 1951-03-31
Greedy Capitalist

When I read in your paper the letter
from Mr.. Carey, president of the Elec-
trical Workers Union, about the Gen.
eral Electric Co. and its president, Mr..
Wilson, I felt pretty good, and I
thought that maybe I had more brains
when I bought General Electric stock
than I thought I did. But after
thought about it some more. began
to feel like Mr.. Carey does, and be mad
with the company. ca s7"-a OF So
But maybe I'd better go back to the
beginning. A year ago last fall I had
some money saved up from digging po-
tatoes, hoeing corn, and peddling gro
ceries, and my Dad said that ought
to start being a capitalist in this great
democracy Of ours, instead of spending
my money on bicycle tires and fooling
around. So asked some people who
should know about what some good safe
investment was. and we decided to in
vest In General Electric. So I bought
five shares of stock in that company.
which cost me $210 and also a few
dollars for taxes, commission, etc. Well,
when I read in Mr.. Carey's letter that
the company made % per cent profit
for the stockholders in 1850, felt pretty
good, because 28 per cent on my $40
would be quite a lot of money in any
body's language.
Well. anyway. what made me mad
was this-I looked up to see how much
the company paid me in 1850. and
found that they had sent me five divi-
dend checks, totaling $19. The way
figure it. that is Just about per cent
on my investment. instead Of the % per
cent that Mr.. Carey mentioned, and
they should have sent me $3.50 instead
Of the $19. So it looks as though they
have short-changed me $3.50. if Mr..
Carey is right. So I wonder where that
$3.50 that I'm supposed to have is. and
who has got it, If the company made 1t
for the stockholders.
wonder If you could have Mr.. Carey
tell me who to write to about getting
the rest of my money, and if he would
help me get it. Because we could sure
use that extra money; maybe we could
get that new General Electric refriger-
ator that we've been saving for little
sooner, if more of the company profits
would help us buy it.
Anyway, I'm glad we've got as smart
a man as Mr.. Wilson working for the
Government, if he makes as big profits
as Mr.. Carey says he does, because the
Government sure needs somebody to
make profit for it for change.
John D. Bulson, jr.
Evening star., 1951-03-31
Thank You, Too, Senator

thought the article in The Star on
March %. showing what local people are
doing in moving in after our Senate in
quiry, was well-timed and very much
in point.
We all know, unless the local people
are willing to do something about crime
problems, that there is no real remedy.
feel that the public has now been
aroused. and that we should give the
people. upon whom the responsibility
rests real opportunity.
Thank you very much for your help
full analysis.
Estes Kefauver.
Evening star., 1951-03-31
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

BY THE HASk1N SERVICE.
@. Wren did Sulgrave Manor in Eng.
land come into possession of the WASH
lngton family?-M. w. D.
A. Sulgrave was bought by Laurence
Washington in 1889 for 321 pounds, IA
shillings and 10 pence, on the dissolu-
ton of the smaller religious houses by
Henry VIII. 1t had previously belonged
to the Priory of st. Andrew, Northamp-
ton. Laurence Washington, from whom
George Washington was seventh in di-
rect descent, was twice mayor of the
town of Northampton.
@. Who is the permanent United
States representative to the United Ma.
tions?-E. K. M.
A. Warren r. Austin. On January l3.
1947, Austin became Representative of
the United States at the seat of the
United Nations with the rank of envoy
extraordinary and plenipotentiary, which
Is that Of Ambassador. He is also United
States Representative in the Security
Council.
Evening star., 1951-03-31
Who's to Blame for the Asian Deboc|e:

1943. in which the President outlined
his ideas on Far Eastern policy. Mr..
Roosevelt commented on his difficulties
with the highly temperamental" Chang
Kai-shek. He spoke in strong terms of
the corruption and inefhciency of the
Kuomintang regime, and of its lack of
sympathy for the abject misery of the
Chinese masses. But he felt that
Chang was the only Chinese leader
Evening star., 1951-03-31

was essential TO-, defeat Japan, Mr..
Roosevelt agreed at Yalta to Stalin's
price. including concessions in Man
churia infringing on Chinas sovereignty.
If Stain had respected the treaty with
China signed in Moscow in June, 1945,
embodying the Yalta agreements, that
treaty, Mr.. Welles believes, would have
paved the way for the unification of
China and the eventual creation of a
strong Chinese government.
But Stain didn't It is obvious now
that the Politburo's 1945 decision on
Soviet policy in the postwar world was
much more fateful one than any of the
seven American decisions Mr.. Welles
discusses in his book. From it stem the
steadily deteriorating relations of the
Communist bloc and the West. Russia
seized the initiative in Europe and Asia
at time when the United States was
demobllizlng as rapidly as possible. The
western powers have been able to meet
soviet expansion only with a not-too-
successful policy of containment.
MIR. WelleS is convinced that the
American decision to withhold further
AID from Nationalist China, taken early
IN the present administration, has con-
trlputed greatly to the disastrous course
OF events in the Far East in the last four
years.
Had President Roosevelt survived, Mr..
Weiles believes. he would have made an
eHort TO bring about peaceful settle
menu between Chang and the Com
munlSts. But he would not have put
pressure on Chang, under threat Of
wltndraWing all American assistance, to
1ucluoe communists in his government.
Concedlng the charges Of corruption,
1nefnclency, oppression and cruelty
against the Kuomintang regime. Mr.
Welles asks what alternative there was
TO backing the Nationalist government.
we were to pursue our own interests
realistically Chang, whatever his short
comlngs, has been uncompromising in
his opposition to communism. withhold
ing support from him could only aid the
spread Of communism in Asia, Mr.. Welles
says.
There is. to be sure, no assurance that
the outcome would have been any differ
ent american aid to Chang continued.
observers closer to the Chinese scene
than MIR. Welles have doubted that any
amount OF American aid could have
stopped the Chinese Communists. There
is no record, certainly, of Nationalist
troops losing battle to the Communists
because of lack of arms There were
many instances Of Nationalist divisions
and armies going over to the Reds with
all OF their American equipment.
Our withdrawal of support from
Chang Kai-shek may have been our big
mistake in Asia, as Mr.. Welles believes.
But fundamentally, it seems to have been
the withdrawal of support by his own
people that made his position untenable.
Evening star., 1951-03-31
Maturing E Bonds

MutuTIn9 & DonoS
The passage and approval by the
President of legislation putting into
effect the Treasury plan for handling
maturing Series Savings Bonds, be-
ginning May /, 1851, is important news
to all Of us in this time Of emergency.
Under this plan, E Bond holders
have the choice Of:
/. Accepting cash for maturing bonds,
If they so desire. Bonds remain CASH
able at any time.
2. Continuing to hold bonds. with an
automatic interest-bearing extension.
Owners who exercise this extension
privilege will receive 212 per cent simple
interest on the maturing value of bonds
for all or any part Of the next 712 years;
interest during the final 2l2 years of the
extension will bring the total interest to
2.9 per cent compounded.
3. They may exchange matured E
Bonds in amounts of $500 (maturity
value) or multiples thereof for current
income Series G Bonds.
Savings Bond purchasers will receive
78 per cent more than their original
investment by holding bonds to ma
turity and then taking full advantage
of their extension privilege for another
10 years. Dollar-wise, this means that
Savings Bond buyers have the opportu-
nifty to receive $133.33 for each bond
originally purchased for $500.
The Treasury emphasizes that: I. Full
cash payment of matured Series E
Bonds may be had at any time; 2.
the holder of maturing Bonds has the
privilege of retaining them, but he is
under no obligation to do so.
Any Series E Bond which is not
turned in for cash at its original ma
turity date will be extended until such
time as the owner does present it for
payment. Interest will be computed on
the maturity value of the bond. The
privileges of the new legislation will
apply to all outstanding E Bonds as
they mature, and to all Series E Bonds
issued in the future.
Edward C. BaltZ,
Chairman, D. c. Savings Bonds Di-
vision.
Evening star., 1951-03-31

under an inscription relating his services to the
country of his adoption. President Auriol may
not have leisure to visit the spot, but it surely
will interest him to know that Washington's
"first Frenchman" is not forgotten.
Evening star., 1951-03-31

"Air Observer complains. in his
March "a letter. that the Air University
Quarterly Reviews article on the air
war in Korea mentions the Navy and
the Marines only four times. Since the
article was cleared by the Office of the
Evening star., 1951-03-31
Questions and Answers
By Gould Lincoln

The Stars readers can get the answer TO
my question Of fact by either writing The
,,Tening e. star Information Bureau, 1900 street
.eturn postage or by telephoning ST r3R3
Evening star., 1951-03-31
Letters to The Star

Secretary Of Defense. A. O. is concerned
about the progress of unification.
The Secretary of Defense people ap-
parently read the piece more closely
than A. o. The article clearly states:
This, in brief, is the record of the
United States Air Forces operations in
Korea" You have to twist that around
good bit to read into it a snub for
the Navy and Marines.
Senior Air Observer.
Evening star., 1951-03-31

Pen-'1an1es may be used if letters carry
aDriters' correct names and addresses.
AH letters subject to condensation.
Evening star., 1951-03-31
No Snub Intended

]. Milton Stanford.
Evening star., 1951-11-04

new tax law to convert any big time
gamblers to legal occupations. In
stead. he says, it probably will divert
them into other illegal fields and
then Congress will have to seek an
other means Of shutting them down.
BY now., since copies of the new
tax law are available to all, the gam
bling hierarchy doubtless has dis
covered the loophole in the act. For
some reason. the drafters of the bill
exempted from the tax all types of
gambling where the bets are placed,
where the play is made and where
the money is paid when all players
are present during the entire busi-
ness.
Such gambling affairs as dice
games, card games. roulette wheels
and other gambling wheels actually
are listed in the bill as exempt. This
means that gaming-houSe operator.
if able to avoid conflict with State
and local police. would have nothing
to fear from the tax agents. 1t is
conceivable that new form of num-
bers game, in which all players would
be present throughout the play, might
be developed, thereby permitting the
big numbers operators to continue
their multimillion dollar business.
II they conformed to that idea, they
might escape the Revenue Bureaus
long arm in their pockets.
Evening star., 1951-11-04

ecutive director Of the commission
last week to return to the Pentagon
as an aide to Defense Secretary Lovett,
told reporters the $4,000 figure was
based largely on the number of mil
itary trainers and facilities which
could be available for UNIT next
summer.
Beyond facilities and personnel,
however, DR.. Compton said a limited
beginning would enable the military
leaders to find mistakes and take
steps to improve the program. While
military leaders must gamble" on
available manpower. Dr.. Compton
said, he felt that to get the pro-
gram well started" would "well JUS
tify the retraction of an experimental
number (of youths from the man
power pooD to work on"
DR.. Compton. board chairman Of
the Massachusetts Institute of Tech
nology and head Of the special White
House commission on UNIT four years
ago. stressed he could only speculate
on how fast UNIT could grow. But
he said he felt. starting on a base of
Evening star., 1951-11-04

Tortured by thirst, he went
searching for water and came across
stream on the sandy bottom of
which strange stones glittered. He
kneeled down. took some out and
casually put them in his pocket. He
reached safety, but returned to the
spot several times afterward and
every time picked out some more
stones.
Years of restless travelling fol-
lowed. during which the stones were
completely forgotten, They came to
light again in 1888 when Marijnen
settled down in Maastricht. There he
showed his find to friends, one of
whom was 10 Nypels, the Dutch
printer. Nypels took the stones to
an expert in Amsterdam, who, with
out moments hesitation picked one
stone from the rusty tin and said:
This is diamond Where you
found this one there must be more"
Marijnen refused to disclose the hid
ing place.
Marijnen opened a bar in Mas
tricht, where one day two officials of
the Belgian Ministry of Colonial At
fairs entered, But their proposals
were not attractive enough-or per-
haps Jules Marijnen had a taste for
grand gestures and found no pleas
ure In haggling. At any rate, he Of
fered his precious secret spontane-
ously to young King Baudouin on the
day he ascended the Belgian throne.
The offer, however, was refused, and
Marijnen struck his deal with the
Wealthy Belgian aristocrat. n
opyright. Observer Foreisn News servies~f
Evening star., 1951-11-04

$4,000 and barring "an international
explosion" that number might grow
within two or three years to include
the entire group OF 100000 eligible
youths, who annually become 1a years
old.
Bosis for Arguments
Regardless OF its outcome. mean
while, the proposal for limited UNIT
start next year should show up in
both sides Of Congress arguments
about whether to authorize UNIT at
all.
For example. one Official said, OPP
ponepts might we'll argue that, since
all l8-year-olds can't be spared for
UNIT. this isn't the time to con-
slider UNIT at all. Proponents. on the
other hand. would be expected to use
armed forces claims that $4,000
youths could be spared to argue for
an immediate start of UNIT.
The 10000 proposal raised one
touchy question upon which the
commission made no recommenda-
ton at all. The question is how it
would be determined which l8-year-
olds should, be selected for six months
Of UNIT and which should be left
liable for "a months of extended draft
service.
1t. Gen. Raymond S. McLain. con-
troller of the Army and another
member of the commission, sug-
gested that such a decision prob
ably could best be decided by local
draft boards. While there would be
some discrimination. he contended an
even greater discrimination exists
now. when some youths are drafted
and some do not serve at all.
AS outlined by the commission,
training would be conducted by each
OF the military services, and gener-
ally supervised by the commission.
In full operation. there would be
virtually no deferments. Physical
and mental standards, however.
would be high enough so that only
those fit for possible active duty later
would be selected. After six months
OF training, the UNIT inductees would
be routed into Reserve components
for an additional seven and a half
years.
First congressional reactions to
the commissions report, meanwhile,
indicated there will be no let-up in
the deep-seated opposition which
some. members feel toward UNIT in
any form. "
After Congress set up the commits
son last summer and outlined ma.
chlnery through which UNIT might
later come into being, proponents
claimed they had won historic con-
gressional Endorsement of the prin-
cioie OF UNIT. But, at best, it was
an lndorsement given grudgingly, and
one with many strings attached.
Evening star., 1951-11-04

Some 40 wells had been drilled. Ex-
aminers said on July /. 1949, there
was only $500 shortage.
Listed also as September case is
that of the First National Bank of
Indiana, Pa, although one arrest was
not made until last month. The FBI
charged Paul j. Straitiff. 52-year-
cashier and director, with embeZzle-
ment of $30,256 of bank funds. Pre-
viously, Samuel Lewis, assistant
cashier, was charged with a $4,000
shortage in cash reserves. Lewis.
like Shiarella, said he had replaced
all the money. Capital funds of the
bank and surety bonds covered the
loss.
Straitiff's arrest followed by two
days the apprehension Of Vice Presi-
dent Joseph Campbell, Treasurer
John J. Cain and an assistant, Mrs.
Mana Nicoll of the Federal Credit
Union IN the Kaufman department
store in Pittsburgh. A shortage of
1898 ,901 pushed the total defalcations
of the area over the SO million mark,
The money. it was alleged, went to
finance several lost week ends"
Fictitious loans dating back to 1914
were uncovered in examinations
The FDIC was not involved, since it
was not a bank.
Lesson in Strength
Edward C. Tefft, chief of the di-
vision of liquidation of the FDIC,
points out lesson in the history of
the Pittsburgh area cases. It's the
little fellow that gets hurt. In the
18 years in which the FDIC has been
operating it has found that the
larger the bank. the better are its
chances of weathering a storm.
OF the 4l9 bank cases it has
handled. defalcations have caused
only 120 to be closed. OF the small
banks which went under, II had less
than 100000 deposits. There were
81 having from 100000 to a million
and a half. Fourteen had deposits
from that up to So million.
Twenty-Five of the II small banks
had under 100000 deposits.
The FDIC has always preached the
other lesson: Nobody gets away with
juggling bank books and account.
but people continue to try it.
Evening star., 1951-11-04
Thirty-Ieur Diamond Dream
By Henry Sehoup

THE FAGUE.-A bar owner in
Maastricht the most southern Dutch
town in the Netherlands claims to
know finding place in the Belgian
Congo where diamonds and emeralds
can be picked up like pebble-stones.
In 1923 Jules Marijnen filled an
empty cigarette tin with a handful
OF quaint glittering stones which had
aroused his curiosity as they twinkled
and glistened beneath the waters of
a small stream. Forty-nine- -year-old
Jules, now i'll with malaria. hopes to
set out in about three months to the
same place. He will travel with an
expedition financed by a Belgian
aristocrat, who is paying 25 million
Belgian francs, plus per cent of the
profit, for the secret which Marijnen
kept for nearly 80 years. The Bel
gian government itself has been very
interested in his story, but the Of
ficialS of the Brussels Colonial De-
partment did not offer him sufficient
inducement to part with his secret.
Marijnen's life reads like an ad-
venture story. At the age of Is he
departed to the Congo to find his IA
ther. who owned brick factory and
Sawmill there, but peaceful ex-
istence between two such quarrelsome
and individual characters was quite
impossible. So Marijnen Junior chose
the noble profession of elephant
hunter. One day he had wounded
the leader of a herd and was at
tackled. He had to hide in tree for
q whole night and the next morning
discovered that his boys had all de-
serted him. He was about 800 miles
frorf eopoldville.
Evening star., 1951-11-04
Big-Time Gambling Lays Low Looking for LoophoIes

pational tax Of $50 is peanuts to a
big gambler. and even if he filed that.
the Revenue Bureau anticipates
wholesale cheating on the betting
tax. They look on this provision as
a Federal means Of getting at the
big racketeers who escape punish
ment for activity at the State and
local level.
Tronsfer Tox on Choppers
Remember the Chicago gangland
era, when the words typewriter" and
chopper" were synonymous with the
Thompson submachine gun? Killings
with the tommygun were every day
affairs, yet the use of this weapon
declined overnight. Why? Because
the Government placed a mere 5000
transfer tax on them, but made its
penalties high enough to discourage
the gangster who violated the Law.
Before this transfer tax, many
hardware stores sold tommyguns
under the counter. When the law
required the hardware dealer to rec
ord and report the name and descrip-
ton of all who bought them, the
more or less legal sale of the gun
ended. A lot of guns had been sold
before the law was passed. AS new
hoodlums entered the picture, how
ever, the weapons began to change
hands and, needless to say. without
the formality of paying the 5000
transfer tax.
When gangland vendetta started
after this, the gangsters' usual iron-
clad alibis held up in many cases.
Witnesses would testify that it was
too dark to identify the killer; that
the death car went by too fast: that
they couldn't remember. The murder
suspect, in many instances would be
picked up in company with his TOM
mygun and after he gleefully STEP
ped from the courtroom. acquitted
OF the killing, the revenue agents
moved in. Where was the transfer
tax on his weapon? Why hadn't it
been registered? Who bought it be-
fore, he acquired it? A few convic-
tions for the relatively minor offense
OF failing to pay a 5000 tax and the
tommygun became "hot" as an
underworld weapon.
The Heot Is On
During the hearings of the Ke-
fauver-O'Conor Crime Committee in
the Senate, the public became pain
fully aware of big-time, organized
gambling syndicates. In the District,
and throughout the Nation, many
gamblers who operated without fear
suddenly found themselves before
grand juries which produced the
enevitable indictments. Revenue men
predict that the general excitement
over gambling will put the heat on
the big numbers operators and others
for few years. but with a cynical,
long-range outlook. they also feel
that gamblers eventually will be able
to pay their occupation tax with i'm
punity. They point to the slot-ma-
chine records which lie in their filing
cabinets gathering dust for lack of
close scrutiny by law-enforcement
officials.
In the meantime, what about the
immediate prospects for continuation
OF gambling? Here again. the reye-
nue. men are skeptical They recall
the end Of prohibition in 1888. when
1t became Federal violation to buy.
possess or sell non-tax-paid alcoholic
beverages. The big bootleggers looked
around for other fields where the
spotlight Of public Indignation hadn't
penetrated. White slavery was for