davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-05-12
THE EVENING STAR Al
Wa shinnf0n n q &c
washington, d. g.
SATURDAY. MAY IL, 1881

weighing what might be termed
the global considerations.
Secretary Marshall-That Is
correct. sir.
Senator Mcmahon. You
have carefully weighed the intelli-
gence Of which you are possessed,
bearing upon the intentions of the
Soviet Union?
Secretary Marshall-Yes, sir.
Senator Mcmahon. And as
"a result Of weighing these factors,
are you now prepared to tell
the people Of the United States
that it is the unanimous judg-
ment Of the top command of this
Government that our Nations
security is best furthered and best
protected by the policy we are
pursuing in the Far East?
Secretary Marshall - Exactly
that, sir.
Senator McMahon-I presume,
general, that you have taken into
consideration not only the cas-
ualties that we are suffering in
Korea today, but also the casual
ties that we might suffer as a re-
suit Of precipitant headlong and
unwise military adventures?
Secretary Marshall We have
considered all those factors, sir.
Senator McMahon-That is all.
Importance Of Allies.
Chairman Connally May T
suggest that in the matter you
Submitted to the general a while
ago. the factors, that you did not
mention our relations with our
Allies.
Senator McMahon-Thank you.
Chairman Connally-I think
that should be inserted.
Senator McMahon-I think the
general would certainly like that
inserted.
Secretary Marshall-Yes, sir.
Senator McMahon-Because I
assume, general, that the posses
sion Of certain-not the possession
but the use, the co-use with our
Allies Of certain portions of the
geography Of the earth is Of the
utmost Importance to a defense
Iof the United States of America.
Secretary Marshall-I would
think so absolutely, sir. and that
lis the principle of collective Sc
curity, which is the only principle
that we think can carry us to q
peace.
Senator McMahon-Thank you
very much.
Evening star., 1951-05-12

and even for purely industrial
purposes, Soviet oil is made
quate. It is little more than that
Of Venezuela and only a fourth
that of Texas! a,
The Soviet ambition is to be-
come the worlds premier indus
trial power. For that the Ruhr
plus German workers and techs
nicians, and Iran and Iraq for
oil are more important than all
Asia, which could only be de-
veloped to yield fruits decades
or centuries hence.
But it should not be assumed
that the Soviets would try to
take Europe by force unless
they could render the imple-
mentation of the Atlantic
Treaty impossible. That would
mean that America would write
off Europe. And there is no
more likelihood of this country
doing that nowhere is even
less-than when Hitler hoped
for the same thing.
released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1951-05-12
Ya1td and Russio's S
Role in Pacific

Senator Knowland-. Now at
the Yalta conference, the ques-
ton arose I assume in the mill
tary meetings with the senior
military officers as to the desir-
ability of the Soviet Union being
brought into the war in the Far
East. Could you tell us what the
discussions were and what your
recommendations were relative to
the desirability or need for the
Soviet Union to enter the war in
the Far East?
Secretary Marshall-The Chiefs
|of Staff quite certainly unan-
imous, for that was a very es-
sential factor in bringing the war
to an early termination, we an
ticipated a very powerful influ-
ence from the Kwantung army in
Manchuria and probably the por-
tions that were in Korea. :
Later we were to find it pos
sible to isolate them, but not be-
fore they had transferred very
considerable portion of the Kwan-
tung army to Kyushu. It was the
opinion Of the Chiefs of Staff that
1T was highly important that the
Soviets carry out the campaign
against Manchuria and against
Korea. ...-..s
Senator Knowland-Were the
chiefs unanimous in that view
point?
Secretary Marshall-1 think
they were very unanimous. i.
Manchurian Provisions.
Senator Knowland-. Were
you familiar at Yalta with the
Manchurian provisions of giving
Dairen and the rights on the.
Manchurian Railroad and Port
Arthur to the Soviet Union?
Secretary Marshall-I do not
think was. sir.
Senator Knowland-You were
not. Was that made in the po-
litical committee?
Secretary Marshall-Those were
entirely separate from the mill
tary.
Senator Knowland-They were
separate from the military.
Secretary MarshalEYes, sir.
Senator Knowland-Well, didn't
they have considerable amount
of military significance, as, of
course. we have hindsight now
which we didn't have then, but
didn't those decisions have a con-
siderable amount of military sig
nificance?
Secretary Marshall-As to the
future, yes, sir.
Senator Northumberland, we
have had a very interesting ex-
ploratory session here this after
noon into past history in the light
of hindsight which is always in
structive and entertaining. What
date did the Japanese war come
to an end?
Secretary Marshall-August 13,
I think, 1945.
{. Senator McMahon-The policy
in China before that date, pre-
sumo, was certainly designed to
Evening star., 1951-05-12

for reelection next year--as q
milestone around their necks.
It Is probable that the whole
policy Of the United States to-
ward the Far East In general
and China in particular since
1916 will receive a going-ov
So viii the personnel employed
by MIR. Acheson as key advisers.
The Secretary of State is q law
yer Of high standing. But 1t is
q well-known fact that his
knowledge OF Asia. Asiatic prob
lens and the Asiatic mentality
are slight.
i Mr.. Acheson's advisers-who
include such men as Carter Vim
cent. now consul general In
Tangier:: Dean Rusk, assistant
secretary Of state in charge Of
Far Eastern affairs: Ambassador
Philip c. Jessup and, prior to
194a. .Alger Hiss-were the men
who formulated in the past and
now are making the policies Of
the State Department.
It was on these men and a
number of others less known to
the public that Mr.. Acheson de-
pended for advice, both as Sec
retary of State and earlier when
he was assistant secretary and
undersecretary.
A formidable amount of mate
rial. some heretofore never made
public. Is said to be available for
the questioning Of the Secretary
of State. Much Of it is said to
show a fragrant contradiction
between the actual interests of
this alHountry and the political
philosophy Of these advisers.
It is also expected to be
shown that some Of the bright
young men completely discarded
and disregarded the sound ad-
vice and views Of those who
attempted to deal with the
situation from a realistic and
practical standpoint.
Evening star., 1951-05-12
Constantine Brown:
Asia Policy Probe to Get Rouqh
Gen. Bradley and Acheson Sure to Face Going Owe
In Questions of War and Diplomatic Expediency

The hearings before the
Senate Armed Services and For
eign Relations Committees are
likely to continue for several
weeks.
They involve only superficially
investigation of the custer of
Gen. Macarthur. In fact, they
cover our entire diplomatic and
military strategy all over the
world. In justice to the Dem
ocratic and Republican mem
berS OF those two committees,
these hearings have been con-
Quoted so far in an atmosphere
of non-partisanship and dignity
seldom displayed in such investi-
cations.
The Senators-even those who
in the past have enjoyed the
reputation as party hecklers-
are fully aware of the extremely
serious matters before them and
have been searching for the
truth rather than using the
time-honored device of en-
barrassing or confusing wit
neSses.
It is difficult to embarrass
Gen. Macarthur. In matters of
military strategy in Asia his
Questioners were like college
graduates discussing four
dimension problems with Elm
stein. Gen. Macarthur skillfully
parried all questions pertaining
to general politics which a few
OF the amiable hecklers tried to
inject into the interrogation.
Gen. Marshall was less for
tunate. He could not avoid
getting involved in such mat
ters, since he appeared before
the joint committee in the dual
capacity of Soldier and civilian
executive. He was Secretary of
State for year and now tech
nically is top administrator and
not chief strategist in the De-
tense Department.
In order to guard against a
Evening star., 1951-05-12
China Reds Use
or u. S. Equipment

The afternoon session resumed
with Senator Knowland examin-
ing Gen. Marshall.
Senator Knowland--. Now,
is it true that during World War
II, that the United States shipped
considerable quantities of Lend
Lease supplies to the Soviet
Union?
Secretary Marshall-Yes, very
Senator Knowland-And 1t Is
quite possible that some arms or
equipment Of American manufac-
ture could have been resupplied
by the Soviet Union to the North
Koreans, or to the Chinese Com
munists for the very propaganda
purposes that they have made use
of it for?
Secretary Marshall-I suppose
that is a possibility.
Senator Knowland-Now, Mr..
Secretary, referring to your mis-
sion to China, when did the ad-
ministration in your Judgment
first realize the danger of Soviet
or satellite aggression at the
time of the Greek-Turkish Pact,
the Berlin Blockade. or at some
other time and place?
Secretary Marshall. I en-
deavored throughout a long Pc
riod of time in that year of l946
when the fighting became pretty
general. beginning largely in June
OF AS. to get positive evidence of
Soviet equipment in the hands of
the Chinese Communist forces,
evidence that they were being
supplied by the Soviet Govern
ment.
In the main I never received
evidence Of any material uuan-
titles. never ran down any
specific proof of material quantities
of Soviet equipment being pro-
vided for the Chinese Communist
IorceS.
Wallace Chang Meeting.
Senator Knowland-Let me read
you from page $40 of the China
White Paper, "The Summary of
the Notes on Conversations be-
tween Vice President Henry A.
Wallace and President Chang Kali
shek, June 81 to "a, 1914" Now,
that was a year before your mis-
sion-a year and half-and in
that, according to the notes, in
addition to Mr.. Wallace there were
present at the conference, Presi-
dent Chang. Vice President WAL
lace and Doctor T. v. Soong, trans
lator, and I quote:
"Mr. Wallace said that President
Roosevelt had talked about the
Communists in China. President
Roosevelt had assumed that mas
much as the Communits and the
members of the Kuomintang were
all Chinese they were basically
friends, and nothing should be
final between friends. President
Roosevelt cited the Bryan Treaty
and it quoted al Smith and Charles
Evening star., 1951-05-12

In times Of international
crisis an election or pre-elec-
ton year always presents ele-
mentS Of danger.
Hitler started the war in a
prediction year-1939-when
it was unclear whether the Re-
publicans might nominate an
isolationist and thus initiate a
campaign which would leave the
country split no matter who won.
The chief activity of Hitler's
fifth column with which, then,
the Communists collaborated)
was to support isolationists-
who, of course, included i'm
peccably honest MEL. It might
be argued that the nomination
of Wendell Willkie, which put
both parties in the same inter-
national front, more than Off
set the fall Of France.
The danger that has attended
the return home of Gen. Mac
Arthur was that he might be
used as a political weapon
against fundamental policies of
the administration. I do not
think this has been the effect
of his voluminous testimony
before the Senate Armed Serv-
ices and Foreign Relations Com
mittees. The general has been
scrupulously careful not to be
drawn into political partisan
ship. Nothing he has said
should give the Russians the
idea that it might be relatively
safe for them to attack in Eu-
rope while priorities, West or
East, were being acrimoniously
debated here.
The general refused to answer
many questions as being beyond
his knowledge and competence.
Under questioning he has ven-
tured conjectures that may or
may not be valid, such as the
inability of the Soviets to wage
1arge-scale war in the Far East
because of the difficulties of
transportation and the remote
ness of Siberia from bases of in
dustrial supply. That would de-
pend, we should think. on the
extent of Soviet stockpiling
there, and we doubt whether
any one but the Russians and
possibly the Red Chinese know
the facts.
1t would, however. seem rea-
sonable to suppose that the
Moscow-Peiping axis-like the
previous Berlin Tokyo axis
has divided responsibility and
Evening star., 1951-05-12

Francis Adams to support his
point. President Roosevelt had in
dicated that if the parties could
not get together they might call
IN a friend. and had indicated that
he might be that friend"
Wouldn't you say, Mr.. Secretary,
that that indicated that at least,
according to Mr.. Wallace's version
of what his conversations with the
President had been, that he in
dicated that the Communists
should be taken into the govern
ment as early as 1874?
Secretary MARSHALL think that
ic 1rna.xx Inlac. a.ixx Tia
Evening star., 1951-05-12

of police reserve, Japan require
ments, the value Of attempting 70
organize, train and arm additional
ROK units in the immediate fu-
ture appears questionable"
They have omitted from this
message his discussion of the sig
nif1cant portions. as he describes
it of the young Koreans
that were-significant amounts of
arms that have been issued to
young Koreans, have brought
little result in their defense of
local districts in the rear of the
battle line.
Senator Knowland- Has
not, as matter of fact. the Presi-
dent of the Republic of Korea. Mr..
Syngman Rhee, through our Am
bassador, Mr.. Muccio, in Korea,
and through the Korean Ambas-
sador in Washington, on several
occasions pleaded for arms and
equipment that would arm sew
eral hundred thousand of the
youth group and others in Korea.
who. at least, the President Of
Korea feels would be available to
resist aggression? Now. that Is a
fact. it is not?
Memo to Joint Chiefs.
Secretary Marshall-That is a
fact, and they approached me as
Secretary Of Defense. and I ad-
dressed a memorandum. to the
Chiefs of Staff to see what could
be done about 1t. and out Of that
came the Chiefs of Staff message
to Gen. Macarthur.
Senator Knowland-But did
Gen. Macarthur have sufficient
weapons or did the Joint Chiefs
offer Gen. Macarthur sufficient
weapons to have equipped two or
three hundred thousand South
Korean troops had he the desire
to do so?
Secretary Marshall - They Of :
fered availability. Of 100000 rifles,
with spare parts for $4,000: TO-
900 submachine guns: $50, 900 car
bines. 5000 Browning automatic
rifles. That is a pretty consider
able number. because one man
doesn't carry two kinds of rifles
or a submachine gun and a rifle.
Also ammunition supply for the
submachine guns. Browning auto
matte rifles; 100000 model 1908
rifles and 100000 MI carbines is
feasible. OF course. he had other
ammunition out there, so the two
had to be considered together
Evening star., 1951-05-12

further the security of the United
States troops?
SECRETARY Marshall-It was, but
particularly to bring about a CO.
ordination Of effort Of the Ma
tionalist forces and the Chinese
Communist forces against the
IaDaneSe
Evening star., 1951-05-12

FOLLOWING is q partial tert of
Defense Secretary MarshdIl's
testimony yesterday before a
Joint Senate, committee inuesti-
eating Far East policy:
Evening star., 1951-05-12
Leather for NotubIes Only

LONDON.-An English law in
the 18th century forbade any
one under the rank of Baron to
wear shoes with leather soleS.
Evening star., 1951-05-12

rY cIearlY the case,
Evening star., 1951-05-12

Quotes Macarthur.
Secretary Marshall-Here is the
exact reference, which I am quot
ing here from the actual message,
which would have to be para
Iphrased before it is issued. This is
from Gen. Macarthur on the sixth
LOT January:
Consider here that the influence
|of past and possibly future events
is of Importance equal to or greater
than material availability in anal
|yzing problems of arming addi-
|tional ROK manpower. The
type and quantity of weapons in
|dicated by the Chiefs of Staff as
being currently available would
have equal application to equip
ment Of the National Police Re-
serve In Japan.
I'm view of :. the probable
restricted size of the battle front
in which We may operate in the
near future, and the high priority
Evening star., 1951-09-05
Trumon's Fantastic Weapons
Include EIectronics and Fire

Ihave been solved. They are not
serious problems any more. 1t
is difficult to believe that we are
not about to reach these speeds.
| A-Bombs Number Thousands.
II that is so, we can deliver
atomic bombs and hydrogen
bombs in any part Of the world
we wish, when we wish and with
accuracy. Some may not get
through, but it has been obvious
for many months that we have
up to 1000 A-bombs now and
soon will be able to produce thou
sands If wanted.
And there still has been no hint
that we will be unable to make
hydrogen bombs.
| The radioactivity bombs can be
made out Of the radioactive wastes
which we are storing as byprod-
ucts OF making atom bombs. They
are not very effective military
weapons. But they have possbil-
tiles as psychological weapons.
Biological or germ warfare
weapons are in a different class.
They will never wipe out large
populations. But they can make
large groups i'll, or frighten them
SO that the will to fight is weak
ened.
The A-bombS, of various cal
ibers: the H-bombs, whose power
is still unknown: liquid fire and
weapons of greater fire power are
in the obvious fantastic class.
Electronic Marksmanship.
We can also see to shoot in
the dark, We can photograph what
the eye cannot see and, more
mysterious than all these, we
have the electronic eyes and
brains, the apparatus which can
see a target and shoot accurately
faster than the most skilled
human fighter.
This is not puSh-button war.
1t is instrument war, where the
instruments are controlled by
trained men. These electronic
devices were widely publicized at
the end of World War II. but
nothing has been said about the
new controls and new detectors
that may have been developed
since.
This electronic war field was
only in its infancy in the last
war,
Evening star., 1951-09-05
By Howard w. BIokesIee
Associated Press Science Editor

NEW YORK, Sept. 5.-Presi-
dent Truman'S mention of fan
tastic weapons" which could
wipe out civilization" - his
phrases at San Francisco last
night-apparently was a reference
to planes of incredible speed and
guided missiles which will travel
equally fast or faster.
The President may also have
had in mind. certain highly secret
inventions in the field of elec-
tronic controls which are even
more fantastic than either OF
these.
The high-Speed planes and
guided missiles can carry atom
bombs, hydrogen bombs and
radioactivity bombs. They can
carry also an older weapon-f1re,
in the form of napalm. or i'm
provements in liquid fire.
Fire Floats on Water.
Fire. from bombs which were
inferior to present napalm, die
more extensive destruction in
World War II than explosives
The new forms of liquid fire dc
not spread as far as the range OF
an atom bomb, or a hydrogen
bomb, but they are literally more
terrible in the smaller areas which
they cover.
Liquid fire, which you can't
brush off or extinguish, rolls along
the ground on slopes and floats
on water. This is a weapon which
terrifies troops and destroys in
dustrial plants in specific areas
It is one of the most formidable
weapons of modern times.
The effectiveness of these and
all other weapons depends upon
delivery on a target. What we
have in speed planes to do this
has not been disclosed. But the
studies reported in scientific re-
ports give a good idea. Aviation
medical men are studying how to
protect flyers travelling 1900 miles
an hour from the heat generated
by friction of rarefled air on SUI
per-speed planes. They also are
studying the physical problems OF
aviators making fast turns al
speeds high over 1000 miles an
hour. Medically, these problems
Evening star., 1951-09-05
(Which is syov tavorae CoyPeytnme-AnlWzy?"

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including one so new you're "previewing"
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Evening star., 1951-09-05
Kensineton Junior High
Glasses on HuIf-Time

The Kensington Junior High
School will be on half time until
the construction Of the new ad-
dition to the building is COM
Ipleted according to Willard Schu-
maker, principal.
The 9th and 9th grades will
start classes at $40 am. and be
dismissed at 1925. The 7th grade
will begin at 1890 and conclude
at 4 pm.
Evening star., 1951-09-05
BY the As,oeia,.d Pres,

ORLANDO. Fla, Sept. 5.-A
14-year-old boy who police say has
admitted thefts amounting to
$1,665 in four States since Au-
gust /. was back in custody today
after his escape Wednesday.
The New York boy, rearrested at
Ormond Beach, was identified by
police as Robert Kraemer. Detec-
tive Chief I. S. Rose said he also
used the names Stanley and
Charles Kraemer.
Chief Rose said Kraemer ad-
mitted thefts in Austin, Tex; New
Evening star., 1951-09-05
h Boy, IA, Held in Thefts, Caught After Escape

Orleans; st. Augustine, Fla, and
Atlanta.
A warrant charging him with a
safe robbery at the Eastern Air
Lines Office in Atlanta last month
has been issued, Chief Rose said.
Kraen1er was first arrested here
last Wednesday, but escaped.
Evening star., 1951-09-05
Dies in Office

CHICAGO, Sept. 5 (P.-Harry
G. Buchanan, 55, president of the
Buchanan Furniture Co. of Los
Angeles, collapsed and died yes
terday in his Office in the Ameri-
can Furniture Mart.
Evening star., 1951-09-05
Tick Fever Mortality q Pet. Infunt Becomes Uncle

HAMILTON (P.-Mrs. Grace
Bingham, who became a grand
mother a year ago at the age of
"a, has given birth to a son. The
infant thus becomes the uncle Of
her grandson.
Evening star., 1951-09-05

DENVER. Rocky Mountain
spotted fever. a tick-borne infec-
tious disease, has a mortality rate
that averaged % per cent in A.
033 cases, throughout the United
States from 1899 to 1946.
Evening star., 1951-09-05
Seals Breed on PribiIof

FAIRBANKS.-The Pribilof Is
lands in the North Pacific are the
breeding grounds for three million
Alaska fur seals.
Evening star., 1951-09-05

ming over with ideas about perfume, enter
our frst-in-history Perfume Contest! Over
$4,000 in prizes-3oS separate awards from
$1,000 to $40 each! You'll find rules and a
Contest Entry Blank on every package flap.
It asks Which is Your Favorite Coty Per.
fume = and Why7' Tell us your answer,
using IS words or less, and perhaps the judges
will name you winner!
Evening star., 1951-07-08

and legitimate. Statistics
show that more than $500
complaints a year are received
from restaurant patrons. But
not all of these are justified.
For example, not long ago
an indignant woman COM
planned to the bureau that a
restaurant was using lipstick-
stained glasses. A check was
made of the establishment,
but no evidence to support
the charge could be found
and there was no record of
previous violations.
Evening star., 1951-07-08

The bureau isn't overlooking
current international events.
1t has established a program
under which a select group OF
inspectors attends civil de-
tense lectures to learn how
to help protect Washington's
food supply in case of bacte-
biological warfare. In addi-
ton, another group of inspec-
tors recently completed a
course given by the American
Red Cross to prepare them for
disaster work In case of an
atomic attack here.
Evening star., 1951-07-08

Officials, checking again
with the woman, asked her
when she had observed the
unclean glasses. She imme-
diately admitted she hadn't
seen them herself, but told
astonished inspectors that
she had seen her boy friend
with lipstick stains and he
had told her that was how
he got them!
Although this was an ex-
treme case, it illustrates the
type of report that results in
an unnecessary investigation.