davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1951-03-02
ALASKA DEFENSES
By Mary Lee Council

'The security of every American home begins in the of Alaska" Senator Johnson of Texas declared this week in presenting Preparedness Subcommittee report Alaska defenses to the Senate Armed Servc es Committee "A strong Alaska is essential to rity Our continental defenses be stronger than our Alaskan defenses.'
 The subcommittee agreed with the concept of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for Aaskas defense when it stated "It recognized that it would be impossible to physic ally hold all of the Territory of Alaska In reaching its conclusion that Tt is believed that the military in Alas ka within the limit of forces made available to them, is embarked upon realistic plan for the Defense of the Territory the subcommittee declared, . its defense is designed to permit the holding of so-caed critical and defend the balance by air and naval action the of mobile ground forces It is believed that if this concept successfully pursued then the mission of defending Alaska will have been accomplished"
 Stating that it was reluctantly forced to the conclu sion that could not place itself in the position of at tempting to alter the decisions of the Joint Chiefs of Staff based upon their military concepts for the defense of Alaska the subcommittee particularly noted that T appears reasonable to that little could be bombing actual invasion if the Russians desired Its conclusions were stated in these words:
 "The areas of Alaska which lie outside of the terri tory which it is proposed to defend by ground action and in particular the problems of the Seward Pennsu la were studied in considerable detail by the sbcom mittee Many of these extremely close to S beria and undoubtedly would fall quite readily to Rus
 a in the event of invasion of that part of the Terri tory The population of the Seward Peninsula presented strong testimony the subconitte to the necessity for complete defense against possible Russian attack It is fact that little provision is being made to de- fend by ground action There appears to be to believe that the Seward Peninsula is not of great po tentia value to the country The military believes that the enemy be denied the of this by bomb
The Nome nugget., 1951-03-02

.. Chester Carlson D-Cordova) providing care for sick and dis -.oled fishermen. The vote was 17-7. It was amended to provide that 30 percent of fishermen's i- cense fees go into the fund.
 The Senate passed two House approved memorials to the federal government one by Rep. Ed Locken R-St. Petersburg asking reinstatement of war risk insur- ance in Alaska to give reassurance 10 investors, and one by Rep. Frank G. Johnson R-Kake) ask ing a two-year extension for fil- ing of Indian tribal claims with the Claims Commission.
 The House held a hearing on a labor committee bill to liberalize workmen's compensation. Oppo- nentS described it as a combina- ton of Alaska's already liberal compensation act with features of the longshoremen's and harbor workers act. Labor commissioner Henry Benson described it as "long overdue"
 Larry Moore, representing the contractors association, said it probably is the most severe meas ure of it's kind ever introduced and would be disastrous to Alaska industry"
 He said it would approximately double contractors payments into the fund.
 Senator Gunnard M. Engebreth R-Anchorage) introduced a bill yesterday designed to crack down stringently on attempts by de- partment heads or employers to in- fluence or "pressurize" legisla- tors. The measure would forbid their speaking, writing or adver- Using to try to influence apppro- priations or legislation affecting their department. It would even forbid sending a letter or telegram to a legislators for such purpose.
 It proposes a $500 fine or a years imprisonment or both as a penalty, plus custer for any non- elective official.
 Sen. Frank Barr D-Fairbanks) introduced a measure proposing a top salary of $1O,OOO for the Vet erans' Affairs Commissioner. He now gets $8,00o.
 Rep. Steve McCutcheon D-An- chorage) introduced proposal by which the Attorney General could qualify for election after three years of Alaska residence, instead of five.
 e ~~~-&-a.
The Nome nugget., 1951-03-02

but his car still was in gear. It pinned him against garage door, bruising his leg enough for hospital treatment. Donald wasn't even scratched.
The Nome nugget., 1951-03-02
NEWS IN BRIEF

as favorable as it has been," De. Smith said.
The Nome nugget., 1951-03-02

Minute Pool Cards al Nugget
Evening star., 1951-12-17
Faulty Heater Given
AS Clue 10 Crash
BY The A.soeio,ed Pres,

MIAMI, Fla, Dec. ia de-
fective heater may have caused
the crash of the Miami Airlines
plane at Elizabeth, with the loss
of Sc lives.
r. w. Duff, president Of the
company, said today, 1T can only
be surmise," but:
ut may be that the fuel line
Of the heater became disconnect-
ed and sprayed raw gasoline into
the engine nacelle."
He reported the planes de-
parture from Newark was delayed
while mechanics worked on the
cabin heating system. The out
side temperature at the time was
a freezing 20 degrees.
The plane itself was in excellent
mechanical condition, said the
executive.
"The plane was built in 1945,
and when we got it it had only %
hours flying time" said Mr.. Duff.
1T had a 100-hour mechanical
Evening star., 1951-12-17
Airline Pilots Protested
Weight Allowable in GAG

The Airline Pilots Association
today noted that it had filed q
petition with the Civil Aeronautics
Board asking that the gross weight
allowable for a Gas type aircraft
be reduced.
For most types of Gas, the
take-off weight allowed is $4,000
pounds. The CAB last summer
filed a proposed regulation which
would reduce the allowable weight
to 45,800 pounds.
However, many protests were re-
ceived, among them one from
Miami Airline. Inc, operator of
the C-46 which crashed at Eliza
beth.
The CAB held up enforcement
Of the proposed new regulation
until after a public hearing. A
report is expected by January 1.
Evening star., 1951-12-17
Britain Begins TEST
|0f Pound FIuctuation
Within Strict Limits
by the Assoeioied Press

LONDON, Dec. 1.-THE British
government embarked today on a
controlled test to see whether the
pound sterling will rise or fall
within a strictly limited price fluc-
tuation range.
The Bank of England announced
the spot cash price of the pound,
still officially pegged at $3.50, will
be allowed to bounce as much as
2 cents either way on a limited
free foreign exchange market
that opened this morning.
Such dealings on a fixed-fee ba-
sis have been a monopoly Of the
state-owned Bank of England
since September. 1899.
The foreign exchange transac-
tions may be carried on only by
or on behalf Of individuals and
business firms which have Bank
Of England approval to spend dol
lars for such things as necessary
imports.
Prices Vary Slightly.
The pound opened on the Lon
don exchange at $2.791a-$2,8012,
and closed at $2.797s-$2.801a.
In Brussels the pound was
quoted at 129-130 Belgian francs
on the free market, the same rate
as last week.
In New York, the pound brought
Slightly higher prices in terms of
the United States dollar. One
bank said 1t was bid at $3.50, up
an eighth of a cent from Fridays
close, for immediate delivery. The
bid price for 90-day delivery was
$2.74. UP three cents. Financial
circles expressed the view that the
rises came from activity of per-
sons who sold pound futures on
speculation in anticipation of a
devaluation and now had to ac-
quire pounds to be in position to
make delivery.
The relaxing of the pound was
announced Saturday, along with
word that Britain intends to pay
interest and principal INSTALL
ments Of sits million due Deem
ber 81 on loans from the United
States and Canada.
Britain could default under the
loan agreements by pleading povk
erty. but decided not to.
The tangled British financial
and economic picture showed
another bad spot-a reported de-
Evening star., 1951-12-17

December darkness. Searchlights
were brought in to bathe the scene
in a sickening, unnatural glare.
Atop the river bank the bodies
were laid out in rows beneath
blankets on the frozen ground.
Ambulances and even a bus
moved them to an Elizabeth
morgue, a private funeral home.
1t quickly filled and some remains
were placed in a garage behind
the mortuary to await heart
broken relatives and friends.
Authorities made no attempt at
once to identify the bodies. Nor
would they let grieving relatives
into the morgue. heavy with the
odor of burned clothing and flesh.
Detective Capt. August Winkel-
mann said Identification was pos
sible only through rings, teeth.
personal effects and fingerprints.
This was put of to today.
Evening star., 1951-12-17
cline Of more than $700 million in
gold and dollar reserves.

cline Of more than $70o million in
gold and dollar reserves.
The public was being prepared
for the news that Prime Minister
Winston Churchill, in his desper-
ate drive for solvency, will take
drastic measures.
Britain's decision to pay off its
American loan-no matter how it
hurts-buoyed the nation.
The newspapers said yesterday
it showed old John Bull was still
a staunch man of his word and
not Just one of Americas poor
Britain pays up" the Sunday
Express said in a streamer head
line across page one.
1--WE will pay back-on the
nall" the Sunday Chronicle an
nounced.
Uncle Sam to be paid in full"
the News of the World said tri-
umphantly.
The Sunday Chronicle COM
mented that the payments on
schedule will leave Britain in
good standing when Mr.. Chuchill
visits Mr.. Truman next month"
The News of the World insisted
that repayment was not intended
merely to set the stage for an
other loan request it is simply
an indication to the world that
Britain-as always-stands by her
obligations"
Evening star., 1951-12-17
Plane Passenger List

Frank Moro, 1866 Broadway,
New York.
Ben Reh, 42-42 Judge street,
Elmhurst, Queens.
Mrs. Dorothy Reh, same ad-
dress.
Master Eugene Reh, same ad-
dress.
William Renkin, retired New
York police sergeant from Tampa,
Fla.
Miss Pat Rivera, 208 West
Eighty-fourth street, New York.
Fenton Rodgers. New York
art student of Sarasota, Fla.
Miss Doris Ruby. 451S Forty
second street, Sunnyside, Queens.
Miss Joan Sewcheck, TIT Lin
coin place, Brooklyn.
Sam Scherling, 476 Schenck
avenue, Brooklyn.
Miss M. Shaw, 1855 Ocean ave-
nue.. Brooklyn.
Miss Sarah Smilowitz, 161 In
tervale avenue. Bronx.
Mrs. E. Smith, 189 Essex street
Maiden. Mass.
Sergt. A. D. Smith, Hotel Taft,
New York.
Roger Sorino. living in Miami
while attending the University o1
Miami.
P. stefanelli, 1873 Ridge street
Newark, N. j.
Mrs. Emma Steinberg. % Lex
ington avenue, New York.
Albert Stephens, 100 Broad
street, Eatontown, N. j.
E. Stone, 104 Palm avenue
Miami, Fla.
Miss E. Sullivan. 70 Edgewood
avenue, Ellsworth, Me.
Mrs. F. Sussmer. 100 East
Seventy-third street, New York.
B. Syneracka, 1869 Kensington
avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
Lou Tarlow, 81 Nichols street
Everett, Mass.
Mrs. Tarlow, same address.
Walter H. Walsh, 461 Fairview
avenue, Orange, N. j..
The Crew.
Captain-A. c. Lyons, Miami
Fla.
Co-pilot-J. r. Mason, Miami
Co-pilot-Edward Lily. Miami
Stewardess-Doris Helms, Mi
ami.
Evening star., 1951-12-17
Five Agencies Probing Crash
Of AirIiner KiIIinq Sc Persons

ness heart OF Elizabeth. People
below froze in anguish at the
sight.
Flames from the right engine
cut short Capt. Lyons heroic
battle. The plane seemed to ex-
plode in the air and a wing
dropped off. Then it rocketed
down, roaring and spewing flames,
whining like a jet plane in a dive.
Said Tom Mulligan, who
watched from his yard below:
Il saw the motor burning and
heard an explosion which ripped
the planes right wing off and sent
1t boomeranging towards the
Elizabeth River. Then it went into
a spin towards the left and
crashed at terrific speed"
Children at play scattered In
terror beneath the plane, their
thin shrieks knitting the lev air
until drowned by the thunder of
the approaching airliner. Eight
year-old Sharon Lee Elbert. who
streaked as fast as her small legs
would carry her. said afterwards
I screamed and screamed. ]
was scared"
The plane nicked the vacant
house, one In a row of frame
homes. Then it smashed the un-
used Elizabethtown Water Coz
red brick pumping station. The
stations roof fell in. Watchman
Frank Harmon was cut and his
ankle broken.
The remnants of the plane
tumbled in blaze of metal Junk
into the Elizabeth River at the
bottom of 25-foot, trash-clogged
ravlne. Then said a spectator:
There was a silence, a cold
silence everywhere.
Flames Shoot Up.
However, flames shot UP again
rs feet into the air-and the
debris cracked with fire.
The first body brought out of
Evening star., 1951-12-17
d-Foshioned Fee System
is Still Going Strong in u. 5.

populations, and also sets scale
of fees which may be charged.
"a recent report of the States
auditors office covering 1950)
contained these examples: In one
northern Michigan County,
Judge drew $1,000 in salary and
$75.15 in fees. In one large In
dustrial county, two judges split
S16,849 in salaries and $10,119 In
fees"
Frank E. Mckinney. the new
Democratic national chairman.
was a recipient Of fees for four
years.
Mckinney was Marion County
(Indianapolis) treasurer for two
terms (1936-40). Until 1887 the
treasurer retained per cent Of
delinquent real property collec-
tionS and 3 per cent on personal
property delinquencies.
THE 1887 legislature raised the
fee for treaSurers to 6 per cent
on personal property delinquent
cies, plus so cent fee for each
delinquency retired. The per
cent on real property remained
unchanged.
There is no record Of the
amount of fees Mckinney coll
lected, but best estimates are be-
tween $4,000 and $4,000 a year
possibly more.
IN addition to the fees, the
treasurer received a nominal SAL
ary-S4,4 400.
"The 1941 legislature put the
Marion County treasurer on fiat
$4,000 annual salary. Since then
all fees and delinquent penalties
go into the county general fund"
Fees can be fat elsewhere.
as uou shall see tomorrow.
Evening star., 1951-12-17

the 30-foot high pile of wreckage
was the pitiful, broken form of
a tiny baby.
Some women passengers still
clutched purses as city officials
joined firemen to bear the bodies
out on litters. Priests moved into
the shambles, giving posthumous
rites of the church to all passen-
gers.
Severe 20-degree cold-the worst
in the East this year-froze hoses
as firemen played water on the
smouldering wreckage. Their feet
were braced unsteadily on the snow
encrusted ground.
Only Tail Intact.
Only the tail of the plane re-
mained partially intact, jutting
like monument over the black
ented, twisted, smoking scene.
CorpSes were laboriously edged
up the icy, slippery sides of the
ravine as daylight gave way to
Evening star., 1951-12-17
BY The Associoted Press

ELIZABETH, N. j.. Dec. H.
The following is the list of those
aboard the Tampa bound air.
liner which crashed here yester-
day, killing Sc persons:
Passengers.
r. Alderman 791 East Twenty
fourth street, Paterson, N. j.
Mrs. S. Bernstein, 2776 Jerome
avenue, Bronx, N. Y.
Mrs. Marian Bloomfield, 200
Bay Twenty-second street. Brook
lyn. N. Y, and her daughters
Esther, 6. and Naomi, 8.
Mrs. 8. Brenner. 120 East Sew
enty-third street. New York.
Joseph Cincotta. 157 School St..
Waltham, Mass.
Mrs. Bertha Collins, 1O6 Will
loughby road, Fanwood, M.
Mrs Ann Connors and two in
fants, John and Kevin, LOG
Willoughby road Fanwood.
Adolph Dreschler, 42-42 Judge
street. Elmhurst, Queens, N. Y.
Joseph Gabay. 1858 West Nine
teenth street. Brooklyn.
Abraham Greenberg. c/o Sydney
Cohen, 135 Legion st., Brooklyn,
N. Y.
William Hegener, a Yale student
Of Sarasota, Fla.
Mrs. I. Keil, guest house No. 2,
Camp Edwards, Mass.
C. Remington, New London
sub base, Conn.
Robert Kirikidies. RID /,
Hollywood, Fla.
w. Lassiter, 314 West Twenty
third street, New York.
r. Lord, same address.
j. Massapica, 805 Main street,
Littleton, Mass.
j. Mcdonald, 344 Water street,
Walpole, Mass.
Miss Kay Mendelsohn, 702 Ash
ford steet, Brooklyn.
Miss Rita Mendelsohn, same ad-
dress.
Sidney Mintzer. 1872 Grant ave-
nue.. Jersey City.
w. Nay, 108-21 Seventy-second
avenue, Forest Hills, Queens, N. Y.
Miss Lucille Newmark, $50 D
Grant street, New York.
Evening star., 1951-12-17

Offices are paid. in part or in full,
on fee basis.
You may be surprised to learn
that there are thousands of them.
Some are richly rewarded. Some
fee officials enjoy a larger income
than the Governor of their State.
A probate judge, in at least one
State, can make more than State
Supreme Court justice. Justices of
the peace can-and do-get into
the five-figure bracket.
Many sheriffs get fees for serv-
ing legal papers. Many coroners
get fees for performing autopsies.
Both Get Fees in Case.
II a constable arrests you and a
justice of the peace convicts you,
under the laws of many States
each gets fee taken out of the
costs of the case-which you pay.
There is a wide range of other
kinds of fees and fee-paid officials.
The fee money comes. directly or
via tax-fed public treasures. from
I the citizens.
The fee system was going strong
in the horse-and-buggy era. And,
although it has been whitfield
down or tossed out in some States,
1T still is going strong in this age
of jet planes.
Some of the fee-paying Offices
those of sheriff and justice of the
peace-originated centuries ago in
England. They became established
in the Colonies and later in the
States.
They grew in number as the
Nation grew in size. They grew
like hardy weeds in a forest
little noted by the general public
in the shadows of the huge politi-
cal trees Of the presidency, the
governorship and the mayoralty.
No Thorough Survey.
Hours of research N general
and specialized libraries fail to
show that any Nationwide, top
to-bottom study of fee Offices ever
has been made. Inquiry among
sources most likely to know indi-
Gates no general census Of fee
collecting officials ever has been
taken.
The Associated Press has ex-
plored the subject in a coast-to-
coast survey conducted through
its bureaus.
The survey shows:
There are uncounted thousands
OF fee-paying jobs.
Fee Offices have been under
sporadic fire for decades.
But they still function 8 in most
Of the States.
One criticism is that some fee
officials don't get enough money,
and others get too much The
result. as the critics see it, is that
some offices don't pay enough to
attract able men, while other Of
| flcials can become affiuent at the
public's expense.
Illinois Report Cited.
In its report to the 1851 Illinois
Legislature, the Schaefer C"Little
Hoover") Commission on efficiency
and economy in State government
Rut it this way:
THE fee system of compensa-
ton is today in most, if not all,
cases an anachronism which re-
suits in gross over-compensation
for some public officials and OBJ
viouS underpayment for others"
The fee system, by design or
chance, is anything but uniform.
A report from the AP bureau
in Lansing. Mich, sets forth:
Michigan law sets a scale of
salaries for probate judges and
their registers according to county
Evening star., 1951-12-17
Turned Plane Back.

Capt. Lyons seemed to realize
his trouble and turned the plane
around to go back to Newark. But
its plume of black smoke mush-
roomed into ghastly vivid orange
flames above the crowded busi-
Evening star., 1951-12-17
Pan American Claims
Service Is 81 Pct.
Normal in Strike
By the Associated Pres,

NEW YORK, Dec. II, - Pan
American World Always reported
today its operations were 81 per
cent normal despite a sudden
strike Of CIO ground and fight
service employees over wage de-
mands.
/ The airways said its Latin
American flights operating from
Miami and it's Pacific services
were unaffected by the walkout
during the week end.
Pilots are not involved in the
strike. Supervisory personnel have
taken over the struck ground and
steward posts.
The company said early today
lit had operated 80 flights on
worldwide routes since the strike
began Saturday midnight.
Six Fights on Schedule.
Since 6 pm. yesterday, six Pan
American flights left on schedule
from Idlewild and LaGuardia
Fields in New York, five were re-
layed and two Cancelled. the COM
pany said. 1t announced cancel
alton of three flights today, one
each to Buenos Aires, Nice and
Bermuda.
officials of the CIO Transport
Workers Union originally set the
strike for 1901 am. today, but
the walkout started suddenly at
that hour yesterday.
A union spokesman said the
strike deadline was advanced "a
hours because the company earlier
had warned it would use super
visory personnel.
Strike Called "Illegal."
The company called the strike
illegal"
Idlewild and La Guardia air.
ports were hit first.
But the strike also affected Pan
Americans terminals at Miami,
San Francisco. Seattle, Browns
vile, Tex, and Honolulu.
Reports from London said a
small number of Americans en-
ployed there by Pan American
joined in the strike, but that
transatlantic flights were con-
tinuing without interruption.
A company spokesman there
said SO per cent of Pan American S
ground staff outside of America
consisted of nationals of coun-
tries in which the company
operates.
Pickets marched outside Pan
American installations at Idle
wild.
They said the union was de-
manding a $40 a month increase
for flight stewards and pursers,
an 18-cent-an-hou increase for
port stewards and mechanics and
a reduction in work hours for
flight service personnel. Present
wage rates and hours were not
available.
$50 Passengers DELAYED.
In the initial stages of the strike,
about $50 passengers were delayed
up to % hours in New York.
The New York airports ap-
peared hardest hit by the strike.
One reason for the New York
City jam was a heavy weekend
storm that caused a backlog of
Saturday traffic.
A company official said the sud-
den calling of the strike caused
initial disruptions, but he had
hopes for an eventual restoration
lof near-normal service.
Passengers on the Cancelled Pan
American flights were being ac-
Icommodated by other airlines.
Michael j. Quill, TWU inter-
national president, in Miami to
lead strikers at the company's
chief terminal, said all of the
unions members working for Pan
American had joined the strike.
Evening star., 1951-12-17

check before it left Miami for
New York. 1t went to Austin,
Tex, and Oakland, Calf, then
back to Fort Smith. Ark, where
it was given a 40-hour check"
From Fort Smith the twin-en-
CINE airliner flew to New York to
begin the fatal flight back to
Miami.
Evening star., 1951-12-17
By William J. Convoy
Associated Press Stoff Writer

The vast structure of modern
county government is honey
combed with old-fashioned fee
paying offices.
The men who hold these public
Evening star., 1951-12-17

This as the first Of series of five stories
on the fee system in Stote, county ond
Iocol government in the United Stotes.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1951-12-13
FRIEND STOCK YARD
Accident, Maryland
Medium run, prices steady.

Medium run, prices steady.
Horses, 800 cwt. to 5000 head.
Steers, good to choice, 1880 to
$500 cwt.; medium to good, 1900 to
$500 cwt.; fair to medium, 2S.7O to
31.60 cwt.
Heifers, good and choice, $3.50 to
34.75 cwt.; commercial to good beef,
29.00 to 5000 cwt.; common to utility,
22.25 to 28.75 cwt.
Stock cattle by the head, 1880 to
25O.OO.
Bulls, commercial to good beef
1925 to 31.00 cwt.; commercial bolog-
mas. $500 to 1900 cwt.
Cows, common, 1900 to $3.50 cwt.
Gamers, 1850 down.
Veals, fair to good, $500 to 37.OO
cwt.; light weights, $500 to 5000
cwt.; common, 1900 to 24.50 cwt
Hogs: A few selected kinds brought
5000 to 20.75, but most packer pur-
chases were 1880. Good to choice
140 to IT'S lbs, 1900 to 1880 ,cwt.;
rood to choice, $50 to 22O lbs. 1880
to 20.75 cwt.; good to choice, 275 to
300 lbs, 1850 to 1900 cwt.
Sows, choice, 1000 to 20.75 cwt.
Pigs, 800 to 7.5O head.
Lambs, 1915 cwt.
Heavy hens, 261ac to 28c ID. Heavy
roosters, 25c to 2612c ID.