davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-11-19
Portugal ACQUIRES Ships

Two ships have been acquired
for service between continental
Portugal and the adjacent islands
OF the Azores and Madeira.
Evening star., 1951-05-13

ran deep in the cutters Of burning
cities.
At this critical moment, when
the empire tottered, with Peking
Threatened and the tide Of rapine
and death tapping at the gates Of
Shanghai. Frederick Townsend
Ward, 28-year-old American SOL
|dier-o fortune landed in China,
Ia self-appointed military mission.
without the sanction Of the Amer
ican Government. With him he
brought an indomitable ability
and a plan Of action.
Went to Sea
Ward was born In Salem, Mass
His forbears were seafarers. As
a lad he dreamed of West Point,
but he went to sea instead and
became mate of a sailing ship
His talents, however. ran to SOL
diering. BY turns. he fought with
Garibaldi; with the French in the
Crimea; with Billy Walker, king
of the filibusters, in Nicaragua;
with JuareZ In Mexico. Then, un-
Evening star., 1951-05-13
Hamburg
Awake
By Cyril Dunn

HAMBURG.-AS a seaport
this Hanseatic city-state is Wis
IDLY and audibly restored. Above
the noise of Hamburg's traffic
one may hear the whooping of
deep-sea freighters moving on
the Elbe and the chatter of
riveters in the shipyards. The
old seaport personnel is back
again.
st. PAUL., too, is back to what
1t would consider normal. This
is Hamburg's sailor town, start
ing at the waterfront and curv-
ing round the line of the old
ramparts. It has now one or
two postwar touches in it's gen.
eral decor. The bomb damage
here is highly photogenic.
In the waxworks show on the
Reeperbahn, exhibits A and B
are now the late Adolf Hitler
and Eva Braun. AS a special
topical feature Gen. Macarthur,
complete with corncob, is in the
window.
Some German neutralist has
used Macarthur as background
to his propaganda. Stuck on the
plate glass is gummed label
with poem. Roughly translated,
this reads: "First we must dis
mantle, then we must rearm,
and in the morning we will
march again in the ranks of
death, Ohne unst." Without u.s.
the theme of DIR. Schumacher
and his Social Democratic Party
in the matter of German rearm-
ament for defense of the West.
But nothing else disturbs st.
Paul's restoration. In every other
particular it is the reconstructed
sailor town. with tanzrestaur-
ants, cabarets and bars; big,
awkward Nordics and chattering
Lascars in the crowded streets;
tax1-glrlS and MONDAY drunkS.
There are substantial COM
msrcial and business blocks and
long streets of metropolitan
shops. There are some fine
hotels, where the old-fashioned
standards of service have been
fully restored.
Few would recognize it as a
Socialist city. Yet that is ex-
actly what it is. not simply in
the sense that it has a Socialist
government, but because 1t Il
substantially the postwar, per-
sonal creation Of Socialist Bur.
gomaster Max Brauer.
(Copyright, 1851, Observer Foreign
News Service.)
Evening star., 1951-05-13
1859 Mission to China Developed Military Idol
Seo-Goins Soldier
Still Revered by
Grateful Chinese
By Edwurd Boykin

viii the American military mis-
sion now on its way TO Formoss
to train Chinese Nationalist SOL
+diers fashion another "Chun Chen
Chun," the Ever Victorioui
Army? That was what Gen
Frederick Townsend Ward did
back in 1859. He was Americas
first military mission" 10 China
Our military mission to the Chi
nese Nationalists on Formosa
would be fortunate, indeed. Il
they could emulate the amazing
achievement Of this picturesque
American soldier.
He was the first to organize raw
Chinese manpower into q mill
tary machine, trained to fight
with modern methods Of war. He
took the parasols away from the
Chinese soldiers and armed them
with American weapons-Sharp's
rifles, bayonets and Colt revolv-
ers. He disciplined them foy
battle and then gave them in
spired leadership that crushed
the TAPPING rebellion that had
made a Shambles Of China for O
decade.
Almost a century later, temple
bells in China still ring and In
cense still rises at eventide in
memory of this prodigious Ameri-
can soldier. who was deif1ed as
1.-The God From the West" He
was acknowledgement" of China
when he fell in 1862 while lead
ing his boys to his last victory.
He went out in a blaze Of glory
that still lights up the China sky
unless the Reds have ordered 1t
dimmed.
Civil War Days
To the average American, Ward
means little. This was perhaps
because America was convulsed by
her own Civil War while Ward was
mastering the TAPPING rebels on
the other side Of the world. But
for all that, in China, the name of
Frederick Townsend Ward is still
one to conjure with. The world is
more familiar with the British
general. Chinese" Gordon, who
was better publicized than Ward.
Gordon's was q mop-up Job In the
wake Of Wards victories and his
success was achieved with the
instrument forged by Ward, q fact,
sometimes - unjustly-forgotten. -
To the Manchu dynasty in
China Ward added so years Of ex-
istence. But for his incredible ex-
ploits, the Manchus, who expired
in 1912. would have been engulfed
by the long-haired TAPPING hordes
the Reds of that day-who over
ran the richest districts Of the
Chinese Empire in the 1850s. The
and brutalities of the
Taiping Rebellion beggar descrip-
ton. Twenty million human lives
went out in this period Of terror
and bloodShed. The atrocities
committed by the Taipings shocked
the entire civilized world. BY 1859
the Chinese imperial forces were
Whipped to a standstill while blood
Evening star., 1951-05-13
The Road Ahead for u. S.

N4OlCOtCAs UllC 0CI4 CUAAJ dAASAi
the danger of Russia intervening
in Korea is more acute" In this
connection. he pointed out that
the Soviets have "a close COM
Imunity Of interests and co-opera-
tive arrangement" with China. If
they should lose that. he empha-
sized, it would be "a very great
loss to them Of something they
now possess"
The argument, however. failed
to convince several members OF
the investigating committee.
Senator Hickenlooper, Repub-
lican, Of Iowa and others said
they saw grave risks in both the
courses In Europe and in Korea
and they couldn't understand why
the administration was unwilling
to take those In the Far East.
Only Practical Course
The Secretary's views-in fact
those of the administration-were
summed up in these words Of Gen
Marshall's testimony:
tThe best military advice I have
|. is that the course we are fol-
lowing now is the only practical
course at the moment which we
feel can lead to a successful out
come with the least loss OF
life and with the least possibility
Of the intervention Of the Soviet
government"
Thus the views have been pre-
sented. They are 'ones which
must be resolved by the Senate
committees conducting the inves-
Itigation and perhaps, in extension
by the people themselves a little
more than a year from now.
It becomes question of whose
Judgment to follow-that of Gen
Macarthur or that of Gen. Mar
shall and the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Of less Importance but of more
immediate interest and appeal
perhaps, is the question of whether
Gen. Macarthur was insubordinate
in his public statements differing
with the administrations program
statements keyed directly to his
dismissal by President Truman.
Gen. Macarthur quite emphati-
cally contended that nothing he
said violated any directive he re.
ceived-any orders to clear policy
statements with Washington.
II have been a soldier So years.
he testified. II have, in that time
to the best of my ability, carried
out every order that was given me
No more subordinate soldier ha.
ever worn an American uniform.
Secretary Marshall, on the othel
hand. said that Gen. Macarthur.
public statements had, in fact
violated instructions he had beer
Igiven to clear policy statement.
with Washington. Such state.
ments. he added, brought about 8
situation in which there was NJ
choice but to relieve the Fal
Eastern commander.
That issue is important. too. i
involves something often over
looked in the emotional outburst.
lin the controversy-the question
of whether the military shall re.
main subordinate in the American
tradition to civilian authority
but that issue. at this time, doesn'
.lquite reach the Importance Of tn,
Ilmajor one-of what to do II
Korea.
i For that may mean peace or wa,
lthroughout the world.
Evening star., 1951-05-13
Continued From Page CID

Soviet troops posed in Middle and
Western Europe"
Secretary Marshall emphasized,
too, that the differences that have
arisen are those between the posi-
ton of a field commander (Gen.
Macarthur in this case) whose
mission is limited to a particular
area and that Of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff and top defense officials,
including the President, who "are
responsible for the total security
Iof the United States" and who
must seek to attain a balance In
overall requirements.
In his week-long testimony,
Gen. Marshall countered again
and again the Macarthur four
points for bringing the war IN
Korea to a successful conclusion.
AS for bombing, 'the Secretary
expressed his fears that it might
bring Russia into a full-scale war
in Asia. He warned, too, in this
connection, that Russia has con-
|centration Of forces in the Port
Arthur Dairen Vladivostok-
Harbin area and other troops on
sakhalin point northwest Of
Japan.
AS for an economic blockade
Secretary Marshall said the ad-
Iministration favors that and al
recently as May Z won the assent
of the British and French to sucf
a course. He contended, however
that a naval blockade, including
Port Arthur. as envisaged by Gen
Macarthur, would introduce the
Likelihood" that Russia would bt
drawn into the conflict. t
And as regards the use of the
Chinese Nationalist forces, Gen
Marshall saw no objection to Civ.
ling them equipment and othel
aids. But he expressed doubt they
would be effective in the fighting
in the Far East.
On Gen. MacArthur's point thai
the Joint Chiefs of Staff shared
his views, Secretary Marshall sale
the four points on which there
was agreement were part Of a 16'
point program drawn up at a time
when it seemed that the U. N
forces would be forced out o.
Korea. When the situation wal
improved. he added, it was the ad'
ministration's view that those pro-
posals should not be carried ou
as long as there was a chancl
of avoiding widespread war.
Emphasis on Korea
The questioning Of Gen. Mar.
shall dwelt at length on why tha
United States was willing to taxi
risks of an all-out war with Rus.
sian in Western Europe through
building up the Atlantic pact ma
ltions, while refusing to tax,
similar risks In an effort to bring
the fighting in Korea to a victo'
lrious conclusion.
The Secretary said the Unitet
States and other democratic ma
Itions had no choice as far as Eu'
lrope was concerned without sur
rendering Germany and other seq
Iments Of the continent to Russia
/ Korea, he insisted in the fac
lof critical questioning, was an
,Iother matter. There he said th,
possibility exists Of infiicting sucl
!; TERRIFIC casualties" on the Chi
,Inese Communist that they win b
forced TO accept peace terms.
Evening star., 1951-05-13
In

--AP Photo.

lated Admiral General Of China, !"
made q Mandarin Of the Red
Button. To his hard bitten. hard
fighting forces, an imperial order
gave the high-sounding title Chun
Chen Chun. or the ever-victorious
army.
Wealth Piled Up
Wards apotheosis came in 1852.
In September Of that year he led
his army by forced marches to
capture Ning-po, a large and
strongly fortified city held by the
Taipings. Twice Wards battal-
ions stormed the walls. only to be
beaten OF by terrific fire. After
a third repulse Ward drew up his
whole army as If on parade. with
in easy rifle shot Of the city walls.
With bullets flying and men drop
ping. he walked the entire length
of his lines, inspiring his men.
Then. with bugles screaming the
charge, and the yellow lines roar
ing Gold STEEL" he sent his men
forward irresistibly to victory.
Ning-po was his by night.
What Of his contract? It was
lived up to scrupulously. For each
city he captured, he was paid the
agreed $4,000. His wealth piled
up fast.
He won his last victory for
China on September 81, 1862. On
the other side Of the world, on
this same day, Lee and Mcclellan
were taking positions for the
Ifateful butchery at Antietam. With
only a regiment or two Ward
moved to attack Tse-Ki, a small
walled city on the coast near
Ning-po. He was well out in front
of his men as always. a ready but
fearless target. His white helmet
cleaned in the sunshine. Sud-
denly his field glasses fell from
his hand and he grasped at his
breast. 1--we been hit. Ed" he
exclaimed as he dived forward
into the arms of his friend and
chief Of staff. Gen. Forester.
While his yellow boys swept on to
victory, Ward was tenderly car
ried away. AS they bore him from
the field he whispered. Don't
mind me. Take the city"
That night Gen. Ward took
his place among the immortals of
China. The last sound he heard
was the shrill cries of his mag
|nificent yellow soldiers finishing
of their triumph. The triumph.
The Emperor ordered his name
written in the pantheon of the
gods, and all China knelt in sor-
row.
Ward was laid to rest in the
sacred city of Sunkiang. scene Of
his first great triumph. He was
borne through the weeping lines
Of his ever-victorious army, fol-
lowed by the imperial viceroys,
mandarins, generals and the au-
gust representative of the EN-
peror himself. If he has been
forgotten by his countrymen. he
has been remembered gratefully
by the Chinese.
Temples to commemorate his
victories were erected in magni-
f1cence at Sing-po and Ming g-po.
Over his grave at Sunkiang the
Chinese raised a superb maui
soleum- temple, where the priests
of Confucius still burn incense
before Wards tomb and where,
when evening falls. bells ring in
memory Of this American, the
Salem boy, who was this Ma
tion's first military mission to
China and who first taught the
Chinese how to fight q modern
war.
Evening star., 1951-05-13

that the appeal proved irresistible.
and he gave her his promise Of
the estate at the amount appro-
|priated by Congress"
That evening he forwarded TO
Miss Dix the following letter:
"Washington, Nop. -, 1852.
"Dedr Madam: Since seeing you
! haze had no other opinion
land Mrs. B. Glso) than that I
must not stand between you and
the beloUed farm, regarding you.
as do, as the instrument in
the hands OF God to secure this
Dery spot for the unfortunates
whose best earthly friend you
are. and belieping sincerely that
the Alnighty's blessing tDtH not
rest on, nor abide NTH, those
1oho may place obstacles In your
iUGy.
with Mrs. Blaoden's and my
oton most friendly regards.
VERY respectfully,
Your 0bedient SerUdnt,
THOMAS BLAGDEN."
Since then the grounds have
been increased, through the addi-
tion Of the Shepherd tract Of 1853
acres. the Stevens farm Of so acres
and the Godding Croft Of 400 acres,
to 815 acres in all.
Miss Dix spent much time in
Washington watching the early
progress Of the hospital. and for a
while occupied a room on the north
front Of the main building. The
Civil War coming on. she was ap-
pointed superintendent Of woman
nurses. United States Hospitals,
and in 1865 resided at 430 Fiji
|teenth west (old y numbering) {.
It was during this war that the
institution took on the name ''St.
Elizabeths." given it by the wound
ed soldiers brought here. They did
mot like the idea Of being nursed
in an insane asylum. and so In
sisted upon calling it "St. Eliza
beths," the name by which the
tract was known at very early
date.
Early Superintendents
In 1855 DR.. Nichols was regu-
larly appointed superintendent Of
the asylum, and continued to serve
until 1877, when he was succeeded
Iby DR.. Godding. who had been
second assistant physician at st.
ElizabethS from 1852 to 1870, when
he resigned to become superin-
tendent Of the State Hospital for
Insane at Taunton. Mass. DR..
Godding died in Office May 6, 1899,
and DR.. A. B. Richardson was soon
thereafter appointed to the va
cancy by President Mckinley, and
though his term Of Office lasted
but a few years, yet he accomp-
lished much during that time.
He found on entering upon his
duties that the buildings then
erected were calculated to care
for about 1000 patients, while the
population on June 30, 1900. was
I2.076. Fortunately, the doctor
stood close to the. President, and
when the existing conditions were
made known Congress granted
prompt relief. Twelve new build
Iings, to care for 1000 additional
patients, were soon erected, and
other much-needed improvements
were begun. But DR.. Richardson's q
strength was not equal to the tax
put upon it and in the midst Of
the work he died suddenly in
June, 1908.
DR.. White. the next incumbent,
continued the good work of his
predecessors, and he developed
the plant to the east side Of
Nichols avenue, to the extent con-
Igressional appropriations pro-
vided. DR.. Winfred Overholser In
the present superintendent OF st.
ElizabethS.
Evening star., 1951-05-13

~NsNS
by avoiding many of the methods
which characterized his former Is
years of dictatorship. Instead OF
handing down decisions peremptor-
lily. as was his custom in those
days, he now employs strictly
democratic strategy and tactics,
Scrupulously seeking popular sup
port for his actions as he goes
along. Contrary to the prophecies
of the reactionaries, he has not in
terfered with the prerogatives of
Brazil's Congress, but has exerted
a new leadership over the legisla-
tive body which for the last four
or five years had been largely a
house of confusion and ineffec-
tiveneSS.
He is in the strongest position to
exert such leadership because Of
the conditions surrounding his
election Although originally a
candidate of the small Labor
Party, most of the other political
groups f1ocked to his support and
piled up an unprecede dente6 plural
ity of votes in his favor. Since
then a large majority in all the
major parties has rallied to the
defense of his policies. Even the
National Democratic Union Gus
ually referred to as the UDN
the chief opposition party. is ap-
parently disintegrating. Numbers
of it's former stalwarts are moving
into his camp. The local UDN
organizations in several of the
northern states, such as Pernam-
buco, Baia, and others, have al
ready declared their support Of his
legislative program and he has
rewarded one of their leaders with
the important post of Minister of
Agriculture in his cabinet.
In his inaugural address Vargas
openly declared that he was not
actually a candidate of any party.
but a candidate of the people.
and last week in his latest major
address he reiterated that he in
tends to govern as the represent
ative of "all the people" While
declaring himself the champion of
the working and poorer classes.
he has at the same time called
upon labor leaders, manufacturers
and farm owners to join in .
program of greater production to
bolster and expand the economy
of the country as whole.
Conditions Unhealthy
If there ever was a big and
rich country in which the few
have so much and the many so
little, it is Brazil. Worse still.
there have been few countries
where the leading business con-
Germs have exacted such an ex-
orbitant margin Of profit or been
allowed to keep such large por-
ton of their incomes. 1t has long
been a commonplace for any ma
tive business concern, commercial
or industrial, to make an annual
profit ranging from SO per cent
to 800 per cent. Almost no Brazil
ian would be content with the low
margin of profit that is an ac-
cepted custom in this country
Until now income taxes have been
almost infinitesimal, and are still
not looked upon as a major source
of government revenue.
AS the President told this writer
following his Inauguration last
January, This state of affairs is
the soil in which communism
fourishes. Remedying these con-
ditions," he said, will be the best
way of preventing the Reds from
menacing Brazil
AS one of his severest critics put
1t. "Getulio" is combination Of
your two Roosevelts. He is a little
like the great Theodore, condemn
ing the "malefactors of great
wealth." and he emulates Franklin
D. by espousing the cause of "the
Evening star., 1951-05-13
Vargas Injects New Life
Democratic Strategy and Tactics Have Foes
Guessing and Supporters Hanging on Words
By Edword Tomlinson

At the end Of the first 80 days Of his administration Pres-
dent Ceo Vargas has the Brazans almost beaess the
speed and with Which he has injected leadership
into the sluggish machinery of in the vast spawng
South American republic.
He has surprised both his enemies ardent supporters
, 1951-03-01

If the true elimination program
is okayed, Kid Gavilan will fight
Billy Graham in New York for
the other half of the series. The
two winners then would meet for
the undisputed championship.
During the past six months,
Bratton has done some sensation
al fighting, including among his
victims Bobby Dykes and lester
FELTON,. Bratton kayoed FELTON, in
three, the first time the Detroit
er had ever been knocked out.
He stopped Dykes in one.
Fusari has been inactive during
the past few months. He is a tough
young man who felt that he could
wait until after Ray Robinson left
the division before seeking a title
bout.
Fusari is a slugger, a man who
hits hard and often. He has trad
ed blow for blow with Rocky Ora
ziano, losing by a 10th round kayo
after leading the fight on points
all the way.
He has fought Is rounds be-
fore, a futile attempt to take the
title from Robinson.
Bratton has never fought Is
rounds. He is clever, fast punch
ing boxer. He hits fast and often
with either hand. He loves to fight
off the ropes. His punches often
come so fast opponents do not
see them, but they feel them.
In the midst Of his third come
back, Bratton has shown n weak
ness in the past, the ability to
take a punch. His paw has been
broken twice, by Beau Jack and
, 1951-03-01
Famous Dancer
Set For Recital
At Niberforce
Especial to The Expressly

WILBERFOCE, March i One
of the greatest interpretive dane
ers of our time, Miss Pearl Primus
will appear in concert at the State
College Of Education here Friday
evening, March 2.
The outstanding A RI c a n
dancer and her company, which
includes supporting dancers, sing
ers and musicians, will perform in
Galloway Auditorium under the
sponsorship of the college depart
ment of health and physical edu-
cation. The program is aimed at
stimulating wider interest in the
modern dance.
Miss Pirmus and several mem
bers Of her cast have appeared on
the Boradway stage in such hits
as "showboat." Several studied
under Katherine Durham before
, 1951-03-01
joining the Primus company.

joining the Primus company.
Recognized by critics as a great
interpretive dancer, Miss Primus
has studied under some of the
worlds dance masters. She was a
warded a Rosenwald Fellowship
to advance her study, and spent a
great deal of time in Africa per-
fecting the techniques of primitive
, 1951-03-01

ancient Jersey Joe Walcott.
Walcott is a fast moving, shifty,
cagy heavyweight who in his prime
might have whipped Charles. To-
day, however, he is a shell of his
old self. He probably cannot
maintain a top speed pace for Is
long rounds.
Charles outpointed Walcott liz
years ago in Chicago. That bout
was close, but Walcott seemed
never able ITO untrack himself.
This time Charles has more con-
fidence in himself than he had
then.
He knows that he is champion.
He not only should easily outpoint
Jersey Joe, but may kayo the age
less one.
Walcott looked bad against Rex
Layne, a youngster he should have
whipped. He has a knack of doing
very we'll against tough competit-
ion. During the first seven or
eight rounds he should put up a
real fight.
Then he will begin to tire, and
his punches will lose their sting.
Charles will then operate, with
time being the only possible savior
for Walcott. Jersey Joe has had
three chances at the title before.
This opportunity will result the
same as the other three-JerSey
Joe the loser.
BRATTON TO MEET FUSARI
Johnny Bratton, Chicago's flashy
welterweight, will get his opport-
unity to seek the 147-pound title,
Wednesday, March Ia ,at the Chi
cago stadium when he meets
Charley Fusari of Irvington, N.
J., in a 15-round elimination bout,
The international Boxing club
repeatedly may seek to have this
established as the title bout, it
self.