davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24
In The
Background

By the look Of him, Averell
Hartman is the last man you'd
expect to start a riot. He is sleek
and polished handsome in a re-
served sort Of way. and scrupul-
ousiy quiet
But when Averell Hartman
landed in Iran last week, a riot
did start, much to his distress
According 10 the experts on hand.
the Communists launched the
brick tossing. with shouts that
Hartman was q war-mongering
imperIalist. The exptrts also say
the Communists do not like Har
riman because he may succeed in
bringing order, and preventing
choas in Iran. The Communists
love chaos, SO down with Harri-
man!
With this atmosphere. plus the
heat. you can see that Averell
HarTiman's Iran ssignment is a
bout as tough as any diplomatic
mission for an American since
Ben Franklin went to London in
1857 about colonial grievances.
Hartman hopes for better luck
1t IS certainly not his first tough
diplomatic job--this mediation in
the great battle Of oil.
". Averell Hartman is official
~ d special assistant to the Presi
dent His job is very similar to
that Of the late Harry Hopkins.
under F. D. r. Hartman is the
presidential mind-reader and
thought-trausnitter-a very diff
erent sort Of man from Hopkins
but like Hopkins a priceless
right arm to the over burdened
chief
The job is the latest in a
long series of upper bracket
positions that Hartman has
filled in the last 20 years or
SO. Before that. he's now So.
Hartman was in business for
himself. and very successfully
SO. But he has gradually as
signed more and more of his
time 10 national dutY-and
now the nation gets all of il.
Avereu Hartman is one of the
richest men in America-but he
says rich man must not refuse to
work for the national gosd any
more than a labOrer may refuse
10 work. Hartman cannot under
stand idlcneSs. and he puts the
viewpoint n the simplest terms.
7 love work, - he says. He sure
does. "a. l!f ..Ej
Hartman no soona got out Of
Yale in 1918 than his father died,
leaving Averell and his brother
Roland something near 100 niHion
dollars. The Harrin1anSei own,a a,
.mong other things. the greater
portion Of the Union Pacific rail-
road.
Well. with all this the Hanrf!
imam boys had their go at polo
and roast breast Of guinea hen
under glass. But they also went
to work. Averell started as a
section hand on the family prop
eTty-the Union Pacific.
He learned the railroad business
from the rock ballast up He was
board chairman in 1882, It was
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24

a series of filters. through which
the negative image is projected.
The new paper is said to be
two to three times faster than this
old varlgam. which, many felt
was rather slow. The new varh
gam Is said to be about as fast.
IS a chloro- bromide paper like
velour black.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24

Photography is curtaaing bad
checks.
The trade journal, Photo Deal
er, says that restaurant and taV-
ern owners in Sacramento, Cali
fornia. have started Installing ca
meraS by the cash register. When
an unknown customer wants to
cash a check, they ask him to
permit a photograph of himself
Seems the honest folk don't
mind having their picture taken
and are even pleased a. the no
vclty But others fold their rub
Der checks and quietly steal
away.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24

A Pennsylvania man has des
veloped device for marking the
date or other information autoj8a
matieally on the face and back
Of print at the same time. The
inventor is photo finisher Altons
Bowers Of 4l6 North Fifth street,
Reading. iaA
He has not, however. made any
arrangements yet for maaufac-
ture Of the device. It's uncertain N
when 1t may be available. M
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24


Hartman who put in the famous
streamlined trains. TO needle de
preston business. 1t was Harrl-
man who developed the famous
Sun Valley resort. a Union Pacific
property.
Before all this, he had branched
out into private banking, and
backed away from it again. The
firm is now Brown Brothers and
Hartman.
He was, of course, a Republi-
can. But after a considerable inner
battle. he voted for Al Smith in
l928-and broke with the COP
forever.
He became an enthusiastic sup
porter of FDR. in early New Deal
days. And oddly enough it was
Harry Hopkins who introduced
the two. From then on. until
Roosevelt's deathS Hartman was
the new deals pet millionaire.
Exhibit IA TO douhting Repub-
licanss During the heyday of the
new deal, Hartman served largely
as mediator between business
and government--trying to tone
down the ileadlong new dealers
and mollify the headstrong econ
omic royalists.
Eariy2in the war, Hartman did
q now-famous job as lend-lease
co-ordinator in London, And
from 1913 to 1916, ne was our am
bassador to Russia. When Harri-
man resigned and came home,
Stain sent Hartman and his
daughter Kathleen a pair of thor
oughhred riding horses as a part
ing gift.
Since then, Hartman has been
secretary OF commerce, ambassa-
dor to Britain. and rowing Mar
shal-plan ambassador. He re
turned home at last, to the presi-
Dental assistant job. about year
ago
Averell Hartman was married
in 1915, and they had two daugh-
tiers, but the marriage ended in
divorce in 1929. He remarked in
1880. and his second wife is with
him in Iran.
Harriman's viewpoint in the
present eK3osivefs iEaiat bon is the
same as@1tShas afM'ays' heenS He
says: Sys -.
Il shall stay as long as ! can be
useful.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24

Ernest Bloch of the University
Of California at Berkeley. compos,, u
er and conductor, born in Switzer-
land, Il years ago. an
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24

When the Chinese Communists seek peace one may
ronclude that they have had enough.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24

Nothing is dseoncertng than TO listen To- an "ex-
pert who doesn't know that YOU are more-hiqhIy in
formed expert.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24

Our word noise comes TO US
from nausea through the
French.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-07-24
'' AlIStcrlt>
In Israel

TEL AvTY. -tPl.- Austerity
smoking in Israel means not on
" that il is difficult to get any
genuine American or British
brands-even if you are willing
to pay the high import duties. 1t
may soon also mean that YOU
won't get a pack of cigarettes if
you don't hand your old carton
back
The thing is still being tried
out IN some parts of Tel Aviv to
economic paper and cardboard.
Evening star., 1951-08-30
By Charles E. TroeeweN

"I have read a lot about what to feed
the birds. but decided that we would
experiment. First just bread. Then
crumbs and scraps. Now we put every
thing out-yes, everything.
Cardinals just love to pick on old
ham bones and all the birds seem to
enjoy the bone fragments from beef.
even cantelope seeds disappear, but I
think only big birds like them. All the
birds seem to like the pulp around the
seeds.
'The big thing is that the birds solved
the garbage problem. Garbage collection
in Virginia is only once week. Now we
have garbage consumed by the birds
after every meal.
Birds of a dozen varieties show up
for our regular free lunch counter They
seem to stare and beg from us on our
dining porch when their bowls are
empty. They watch us eat and don't
mind us 20 feet away, watching them all
the time. Nearby we have bird bath"
In feeding scraps to the birds some
care should be exercised to keep salty
materials away from them. There are q
few species, but only few, that seem
to enjoy little salt, but most are better
for not getting table salt as man uses 1t.
Other condiments, such as pepper. vine
gar, ETC., are not good for birds. Can
teloupe and watermelon seed are good.
and are especis2ly enjoyed by squirrels.
Evening star., 1951-08-30

clear impressions of the spectacle because of low
lying fog on Chesapeake Bay. But they should
be rewarded for their effort by seeing the sun
as bright crescent, the left-hand edge showing
like a golden scimitar on the gray-blue pillow of
the sky.
Dark glasses are recommended. Even with
the eyes so protected, the experience might be
dsagreeable If long continued. Members of the
staff of the Naval Observatory yesterday told
inquirers to prepare shields of overexposed photo
film for safety first" They advised photog-
raphers to equip themselves with long-focus
cameras and to be content with "very short"
timing.
To the average professional observer an
annular eclipse is relatively unimportant affair,
but to the amateur it is bound to be "a novelty
If only because it does not happen every day.
There will be total solar eclipse on June 80,
1854, visible in the central portion of the United
States and Northeastern Canada, but no other
annular observation is listed for Washingtonians
to witness this side of 1885,
Evening star., 1951-08-30
This and That

alike. but to the beginner they do, and
that is that.
A new edition of Reeds book has just
been issued by Doubleday and Company,
Garden City, N. Y.
Another standard work is "A Field
Guide to the Birds" by Roger Tory
Peterson, issued by Houghton Miffin Co.
There are many more, including Bird
Portraits in Color" by Thomas Sadler
Roberts, put out by the University of
Minnesota Press: Birds of America" :"
edited by T. Gilbert Pearson, Garden
City Publishing Company; and EN-
cyclopedia of American Birds" by Leon
Augustus Hausman.
There are Others, and each one has
it's enthusiasts, so that the best any
seeker after knowledge along this line
can do is to look up all of them, or at
least most of them, take ones time, and
decide at last on one or two.
A good idea is to select small one.
for ready reference, and then larger
one for more detailed study.
E.. j. H. of the National Press Build
ing writes:
Birds will eat everything people eat,
or rather everything that people leave
on their plates and platters.
AFTER making this discovery we have
made it a matter of routine to scrape up
all food from all plates after every meal
and place it before our birds guests. Most
Of them know this.
Evening star., 1951-08-30
By Belmont Fories

lanes MCDONALD, President Tru-
~ mans first representative to Israel,
was not the usual ambaSsadorial type.
But then, the new and embattled Jewish
state was hardly routine ambassadorial
assignment.
A Middle Westerner Of Scotch and
German ancestry, he was not profess
sional diplomat. He did not, as he
comments wryly, wear the "old school
tie" of the State Department. Nor was
he a politician. Although he was a
registered Democrat, he had not been
active in politics and had no claim on
the party for services rendered.
But Mr.. Mcdonald, who tells the story
of. his two and half years of repre-
senting the United States in my Mis-
sion in Israel" (Simon g. Schuster) did
have some unusual qualifications for the
job.
Diplomacy was new to him, but inter-
national affairs were not. He had served
for many years as chairman OF the
American Foreign Policy Association
Since 1888, when Hitler told him in a
private interview of his plan to destroy
German Jewry, Mr.. Mcdonald had de-
voted himself to the refugee problem
His warning that Hitler's attack on the
Jews was merely "the first skirmish in
a war on Christianity, on all religion.
indeed on humanity" went unheeded.
but he worked to salvage what he could
in Eastern Europe.
From 1893 to 1895 he was League Of
Nations high commissioner for German
refugees. In 1888 he was the American
technical adviser to the Evian German
Refugee Conference. From 1888 to 1945
he was chairman of President Roose-
velt's Advisory Committee on Political
Refugees. In 1946 President Truman
appointed him member of the Anglo
American Committee on Palestine and
he spent the spring Of 1947 in personal
study there.
With that background, Mr.. Mcdonald
had long been acquainted with the lead
ers of the Zionist movement and was
we'll aware Of the tremendous problems
faced by the new Jewish state.
But when he and his wife returned
from a trip to South Africa in the late
Evening star., 1951-08-30
Old Grad.
FALLS CHURCH, Va.

FA1LO Cf1OfC(f1, va.
Dear Sir:
please tell me the title of bird book
-illustrated-so that I may identify
the happy little fellows that come to
this yard.
Cardinals, bluejays, sparrows, robins
and the crows know, but not the small
birds-and there are many.
'I enjoy your column every evening
and hope you write one on mocking birds
again.
''Yours truly, M. p"
X
The best way to decide on ones per-
sonal bird book is to go to the public
library, or to a book store, and look
them over.
One must keep in mind that the larger
the book, the more chance there is Of
some confusion in the beginners mind.
On the other hand, the more complete,
the larger. This is just another example
of the complexity of modern life.
This column has always boosted
Chester A. Reeds bird guide Land
Birds East of the Rookie" because Of
its simplicity.
The colored pictures seem to accent,
in a way helpful to amateurs. the very
points he needs to observe to distin-
guiSh one bird from another.
There are, as our correspondent points
out. so many small birds that seem, on
the surface, to be the same.
To the professional, they do not Atook
Evening star., 1951-08-30
Letters to The Star

with subhead, "Counsel's Report to
Committee Urges Congressional Probe of
Cheating Charges" Lost your sense of
values. or forget what you printed the
day before?
The MANA story Sunday, August 26.
by former West Pointer, was about the
bitter reaction Of 2,000-plus honest ca
diets who would have boycotted this au-
tumn any games in which the cheaters
appeared, in fact, If pushed too far, might
have resigned from the academy en-
masse. I will give you credit for printing
occasionally few paragraphs, plus Sun
days full-text story about the boys num-
bering 90-plus per cent of the regiment
at the Point who complained that the
press isn't interested in their side, which
after all is merely maintaining their own
self administered code of honor. What,
after all. in the mink-coat, deep-freezer
age OF ours. is honor? For that matter.
is honor no longer news, If ever?
attended university where the hon.
or system is as inherent as at West Point.
Princeton. And the reaction of the STU
dent body in their time, let alone mine
somesyearS their senior, would have been
precisely that of the cadets at West
Point, 2,000-plus. who never made page
! in your paper with their protests.
Thomas Quinn Beesley.
Evening star., 1951-08-30
The Morgan Horse Farm

People interested in equine affairs will be
glad to hear that the famous U. S. Morgan Horse
Farm in Weybridge township, two miles north
of Middlebury, Vermont, is not to be closed
The Department of Agriculture in charge of the
place since 1908 has released it to the University
of Vermont, and the breeding of noble Morgans
will continue Back of this news lies fascinat-
ing mystery story which probably never will be
solved
Nobody knows where the first Morgan horse
came from or what his ancestry was His owner
at the moment when his career as historic
steed began in 1795 was an obscure New England
schoolteacher. Justin Morgan by name How the
animal was acquired by Morgan never has been
settled. Tradition tells that he accepted the
horse in part payment of a debt owed by an
acquaintance in Springfield, Massachusetts,.
Morgan called the little critter-he was only IA
hands high-a Dutch horse" but why he applied
that designation to the forefather of all the
Morgan stock is question.
What matters is that the schoolteacher's
steed was strong. docie, obedient. quick in
response, intensely energetic capable of out
pulling much larger horses. His contemporaries
named him Figure" but later he was entered
in the books as Justin Morgan" in memory of
his owner The teacher died in 1898, his Dutch
horse" lived until 1921. Meanwhile, the valiant
little stallion had proved his power "to project
his own CHARACTERISTICS JnrOugn successive gen.
erations to remote descendants" Among his
progeny were the celebrated General Gates
Bennington, Mansfield, Magellan, Ulysses. Can
field, Niles, Goldfeld Nadir and Mentor-all
magnificent creatures. The tribe now runs into
thousands of members.
Much of the credit is due to Colonel Joseph
Battell, the founder of the official register of
the breed He established the farm at Middle
bury in 1907 and gave it to the United States
Government the following year. The Depart
ment of Agriculture made the place center
of the science of hippology-the practical art
of producing and raising fine horses. Statistics
compiled there are used by breeders throughout
the world. The Bureau of the Budget recon-
mended discontinuance of Federal supervision
when the Army ceased to be interested in
Morgans, but way has been found for carrying
on the stock under Vermont State management
Such direction should be and undoubtedly will be
appreciated by all human friends of horses.
Spotting the Red propagandist isn't too hard
He blasts the Government at Washington, but
for the wrong reasons.
If It's a small world and growing smaller
why does 1t become harder to explain?
Evening star., 1951-08-30
Montgomery q Mess, Too?

Your editorial August 20, THE Mess
IN Prince Georges" does put the finger
on the great danger spot-danger to our
country and to the Constitution.
Without corrupt magistrates courts
and county policemen, crime and /or
Communist infiltration would have
tough time of it.
Just stop and consider that MAGISTRATES
and county policemen do not fit into
the American way at ALL They are not
elected by the people. Sheriffs are
elected and can be un-elected by an
aroused citizenry
What chance does the citizen have
against the appointed cop and justice
of the peace?
You should have included the worst
pesthole of all-Montgomery County.
That is where the totalitarians are en-
bedding themselves. Montgomery Coun-
ty Is more autonomous than any other
county in the United States and becomes
more so all the time.
believe great good could be done
by abolishing appointed magistrates and
police in favor of return to elected
olncialS' James E. Lancaster.
Evening star., 1951-08-30
U. S. Policy on Weapons

In answer to Shocked Citizen" who
condemns Americas use Of flame throw
ing tanks, I should like to put these
questions:
Where has Shocked Citizen" been for
the last 10 years? The tank mounted
famethrower can hardly be called new
wonder weapon. Were it not for the
flamethrower, it is conceivable that
American soldiers might still be laying
down their lives in order to wrest South
Pacific islands from the Japs.
Can it truly be called barbarism to use
a mechanical weapon to Subdue an
enemy fortification when the Subduing
action could mean the killing and wound
ing of large numbers of our own men
were the flamethrower not used? All
war Is inhumane, but to deny American
troops the use Of weapons which can
overcome the enemy with the least pos
Sible expenditure of American lives
would be an act of barbarism against our
own flesh and blood.
Shocked Citizen" notes that gas war
fare is outlawed. Since when? The
United States did not sign the resolution
at the Hague Conference of 1899, which
sought to outlaw gas warfare. And the
European powers that did sign it turned
around and used poison gas during
World War I. Our Nation has an an
nounced policy that we will use gas only
as retaliatory measure To me this
is policy that is inhumane and bar
barous against our own peoples, since
it gives our enemies the chance to make
the initial gas attack against either our
trnNf0C 0ifiac ThiC iV1ffi 80 oIr
could possibly deliver blow from which
we could not recover.
Does Shocked Citizen" actually be-
lieve there can be laws of decency in
war? Did the outlawing of gas prevent
the Germans from using it in 1915? Did
it deter the Italians from dumping mus
tard gas on the barefooted Ethiopians
less than year after they signed the
Geneva Gas Protocol in 1896? Would
Russia hesitate for a moment to violate
an agreement not to use the atom bomb,
II it were expedient for her to use it?
Certainly not.
Conversely. Japan never used gas
against the United States in World War
II, although Japan was under no legal
or treaty obligations not to use it. The
United States is'not now and never has
been bound by any agreement to abstain
from the use Of gas Oook it up).
America today has the means to end
the Korean war within q month and
without a continuance of this pitiful
waste OF the Korean civilian lives and
property. But we won't do it. Shocked
Citizen" will see to it that we go blithe-
fully on killing and being killed by the
conventional and presumably more
humane means of blasting, ripping
drowning, burning and starving.
Realistic Citizen.
X
It is evident that Shocked Citizen"
has never been in an area or situation
where that horrible weapon may have
meant his life or the life of his enemy.
". X.
Evening star., 1951-08-30
Up to the Enemy

General R1dgWayS latest message to the
Communists in Korea leaves it up to them to
decide whether the Kaesong truce talks are to
be resumed or whether there is to be return to
full-scale war-war of a sort that could easily
expand into something much bigger than the
war that has been fought thus far.
The talks are in state of critical suspension
for one reason alone: Because the enemy has
deliberately torpedoed them by fabricating "in-
cidentS" and demandng-amid a torrent of the
crudeSt and most obvious propaganda lies ever
to afhict this lie-weary world-that the United
Nations command debaSe itself and apologize for
those Incidents" General Ridgway has replied
accordingly-in the only manner possible in
terms of truth and honor. In effect, he has
told the Red aggressors either to put an end to
their monStrous fraud and request resumption
of the negotiations or get back to the grim and
bloody business of waging war
What the enemys answer will be is any
bodys guess at the moment. The theory has
been advanced that the Kremlin has ordered its
Chinese and North Korean puppets to engage
in kind of delaying action at Kaesong-sus-
pending the talks without breaking them off
entirely-in order to give the frozen-faced
Andrei Gromyko some sort of bargaining or
bludgeoning point at next weeks San Francisco
conference on the japanese peace treaty. Maybe
this is so. though there is reason to wonder
whether the Soviet dictatorship really believes
that the United States and its chief allies can
be intimidated or rendered irresoute in that
way. If it does, then it is in for rude awaken
ing. For this much seems about as certain as
the rising and the setting of the sun: That no
cajolery, no threat, no propaganda thunder Of
any kind, is going to decrease the frmness or
weaken the will of the U. N. command in Korea.
Least of all will that command, for the sake
of renewing truce negotiations, accommodate
itself to the aggressorS vicious mendacity. Cen
eral Ridgway has made that abundantly clear.
Soto repeat-it is now up to the enemy to
determine what happens next in Korea. Many
signs indicate that he Is getting ready to launch
another offensive-a bigger one than ever before,
one in which he may employ air power on a large
scale, and perhaps even submarines. This could
pose grim new problems for our American and
allied u. N. forces, but those forces, as General
Van Fleet declared the other day, are prepared
for the worst-prepared, moreover, to hand back
double whatever they receive. In the process,
of course, If the Communists go all out, the world
may well see an expanded war along the lines
proposed by General Macarthur.
The Communists reply to General Ridgway
will therefore be fateful in its implications. If
it is negative, If it is just another ie-fllled
harangue, there will be little reason left to hope
for peace in Asia Further, in the last analysis,
the real decider here will be the Kremlin, and If
the decision is for more bloodshed, then the
threat of another world war will be greatly in
creased. We ought not to kid ourselves. The
situation seems no less bleak than that.