davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-03-01
Agricultural agency Meas
FEED GRAIN SUPPORTS

SUPPORT RATES for this years
crop of barley, oats and rye will av-
erage slightly higher nationally than
in 1850 the production and market
ing administration has announced.
The national average per bushel
support rates will be with 1850:
Barley, Sill, $1,1O; oats, 70 cents, Il
cents; rye, $1.SO, $1.28.
The feed grain support programs
this year will be substantially the
same as in past years with support
being accomplished through farm
and warehouse storage loans and
purchase agreements. Any person
who produces rye, oats or barley in
1851, whether as landowner, land
lord, tenant or shareeropper, will be
eligible for support.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-03-01
Free Book on Arthritis
And Rheumatism

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It reveals why drugs and medicines give
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You incur no obligation in sending for this
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saving you years Of untold misery. Write today
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Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-03-01

Advertisements in MONTANA FARMERS
dows through which reliable advertisers tell
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1951-06-16

never once were they able to
shake his story or break down
anything that he said. Williams
stuck to his story and the famous
defense attorneys were able to
dwell only upon minor techni-
calities, which had no major
bearing on the case. Williams was
on the stand for almost two
hourh.
Mrs. Pauline H. Smith, widow
ed wife of the slain Smith, was
the first witness called to the
stand Tuesday morning. Mrs.
Smith testified that she identi-
fled her husbands body at Jack
son Memorial hospital on the
morning of the Staying.
Jack Hardy of 3942 Charles
Terrace, Coconut Grove, another
important States witness, fol-
lowed Mrs. Smith to the stand.
Hardy testified that he knew
Coco, had seen him several times
and on the morning of the STAY
ing, saw a man who closely re-
Sembled Coco, shooting down at
an object on the street, which he
could not see from his position.
Hardy, however, said he could
not positively identify the man
as Coco, as he did not see his
face.
Other States witnesses called
Tuesday were Mrs. William Click
of 6918 Bay Drive, Normandy
Isle, who testified that she was
awaken by the shooting but did
not see the shots fired.
Patrolman Albert Biblow OF
Miami Beach testified that he
and his partner, Patrolman John
Leblanc, who answered a call ia
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1951-06-16

fired from a gun of similar make.
The defense made much. over
this point, and later in its final
argument, inferred that the bull
lets were not fired from the gun
in evidence.
The climaxing witness of the
entire case was Ronald G. Witt
nus, fingerprint expert from
the FBL headquarters office in
Washington, D. c. Wittnus tes-
titled that the fingerprins on the
gun were positively the same as
those of Coco. He said there
could be no doubt about it. The
defense did not touch WittnuS'
testimony. The State rested it's
case following WittnuS' testimony
In his final argument, Defense
Attorney Hubbard dwelled most
ly on technicalitieS in his at
tempt to break down Williams
testimony. He injected the term
"N----" several times in referr-
ing to Williams.
States Attorney Miners final
argument began similar to a
judges charge to a jury. He then
connected up the evidence in. a
clear and understanding manner
and closed by asking the jury for
a guilty verdict.
Assistant States Attorney
Duval, who conducted most of
the States case, delivered Bills
tering argument against Coco, to
the jury. He pointed out the. fact
that Johnny Smith wanted to
live too" He urged that. no mer--
cy be shown Coco, and closed
with strong, dramatic plea i'm
which he asked for a, verdict of
guilty of murder in the first de-
gree, which would send. Coco, to-
the electric chair.
The final defense argument.
was delivered by Defense Attor-
ney Carr. A brilliant exponent of
criminal law, Attorney Carr made
as fine plea as could have been
made for the defense in the case.
- but that was not: enough. Ac--
tually, the defense had little or
nothing on which to base its
side of the case. It's only hope was
to break down the States case.
which it failed to do by a con-
siderable margin.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1951-06-16
Coco Found Guilty In
Johnny Smiths Staying

timony of the various witnesses,
Assistant States Attorney Du-
val, in his opening remarks to
the jury said that the state will
prove that Edward Coco shot
and killed Johnny Benjamin
Smith on February /, and will
ask for the supreme penalty. The
defense declined to make any
opening remarks before the tes-
timony. Intact, throughout the
trial, the defense never indicated
what plan of attack it would use
to defend Coco. Even after the
State rested its case, the defense
failed to produce any witnesses
in behalf of the defendant. The
daSenSe rested INN adiately fol-
lowing the State, in a surprise
move that automatically gave it
the right to deliver the opening
and closing arguments to the
jury.
Times Staff Writer Elliott J.
Pieze, was present throughout
the entire trial, covering tn sem
sational case.
DR.. c. B. Clay, veteran Path
ologist at Jackson Memorial hos
pital, was the States first wit
ness called to the stand. DIR. Clay
testified that Smith was shot
four times - in the right chest,
left chest on the right of the
calp and in the middle of the
scalp. He also said that he re-
moved two bullets from Smiths
body, anyone of which could
have caused instant death. De-
Tense Attorney Hubbard tried
vainly to impeach DR.. Clay's tes-
timony, but failed. He objected
vigorously to the bullets being
admitted in evidence, but the OBJ
lection was over-ruled by the
court.
The States star witness was
Herbert Williams, Al, of 1925
NV First place, who was en-
plcyed by Smith also as car
washer at Normandy Isle. Will
liamS told an almost unbelieve-
able and sordid story of what he
saw on the morning of the kill
ing. He climaxed his testimony
by pointing out Coco as the man
who shot and killed Smith early
on the morning of February /.
Williams testimony was at
tackled from all angles by both of
the chief defense attorneys, but
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1951-06-16

the scene, were told by Williams
that the shooting was done by a
man named Cooke" Williams
was almost hysterical with fright
when the officers arrived. Off
Ger Harvey st. Jean, and Detec-
tive Sergeant William r. Muir
ray and Detective Lieutenant
Bruce Simmons all of the Miami
Beach police department also
testified Tuesday.
The State scored its heaviest
and most clinching points on
Wednesday morning when Rob-
ert M. Volmer, a ballistic expert
of the Miami Police department,
Identification Bureau testified
that a bullet found on the streets
under Smiths body and one
taken from his body were fired
from the same revolver. He ex-
planned that he could not say
positively that the bullets found,
were fired from the gun found
in a garbage can at the rear of
Coco'S apartment, shortly after
the shooting, but he added the
fact hat he also could not say
positively that they were not
fired from the gun in question.
He was positive that they were
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1951-06-16
Continued from page l

manager of Rocky Graziano,
guilty of murder in the second
degree, in the February 1, shoot
ing and killing of Johnny Benja-
min Smith, 40, well known Mi
milan of 7481 NV 18th place.
The early morning Staying occur
red at fashionable Normandy
Isle, Miami Beach. Smith, a car
washer for several years at Nor
mandy Isle, was shot and killed
about $50 am. on February l, by
man who witnesses said was
Edward Coco.
The penalty for second degree
murder is from 20 years to life.
The jury'S verdict is believed by
many to decree the most severe
punishment ever given a White
person for killing a Negro in the
state of Florida.
Following the rendition of the
Jury'S verdict, Judge Crawford
announced that he would set a
date for sentencing Coco Thurs
day. He also indicated that he
would entertain a motion to free
Coco on bail pending a motion
for a new trial or an appeal to a
higher court.
Coco stared at the jury while
the verdict was being read. His
earlier complement and COM
plete composure appeared to have
broken after the verdict was
read. He appeared to become
bit pale.
The case began Monday morn
ing and lasted all day Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday, until
Judge Crawford completed his
charge to the jury at 6:O3 pm.
Wednesday, after which the jury
retired to the jury room. The jury
was out hours and minutes.
Coco was ably represented by
three of the finest and most
prominent attorneys in D d e
county. Al Hubbard and Henry
Carr of the law firm of Hubbard
and Carr, and Bernard Frank,
former Miami Beach Municipal
Judge and recently elected Miami
Beach Councilman.
The State was represented by
States Attorney Glen c. Mincer
and Assistant States Attorneys
Harvie S. Duval and Arthur A..
Carlson.
The case gave obvious evidence
of one that would be bitterly
fought by the opposing councils
from the very beginning, with
the selection of the jury One Ne
gro, James Potter of Coconut
Grove, who has lived in Dade
county for Al years, was called
for services on the jury, but was
later challenged by the defense
and dismissed.
Practically all of Monday
morning was consumed select
ing the jury. Preceding the tes-
Evening star., 1951-10-09
By the As.oeiatsd Press

QUEBEC, Oct. o. Princess
Elizabeth and the Duke of Edin-
burgh officially began their
month-long Canadian tour today
with a 13-hour schedule of public
The British royal couple, arriv-
ing. here at midmorning, was to
continue throughout the day to
greet throngs who may some day
become Elizabeth's subjects. They
don't have a moments rest until
they leave by train for Ottawa
at 1890 tonight.
They were greeted by Quebec's
1t. Gov. Gaspard Fauteux and
Prime Minister Maurice L. Du-
plessis. This was their program:
/. q call at the Quebec parlia-
ment to sign the golden book and
meet parliament members and
their wives.
2. A tour of the city. with stops
at Laval University and City Hall.
3. Inspection Of the old British
fortress and the regiment De Ia
|Chaudiere on the historic plains
of Abraham. The princess is
Icolonel-in-chief of the regiment
4. A luncheon given by the lieu
tenant governor.
S. Inspection of Canada's 9th
Brigade. soon to leave for Europe
6. A demonstration by 10000
school children at the Municipal
Coliseum, a state banquet and an
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Elizabeth and Duke in Quebec
For Is Hours of Appearances

appearance at a concert by the
Quebec Symphony Orchestra. |
| 1t was a sample Of what the
royal couple will face almost every
day for the next month.
Elizabeth and Philip spent last
night-their first on Canadian
soil-aboard the special train
bringing them from Montreal to
Quebec. They arrived just before
noon yesterday at Montreal's s
Dorval Airport after a 3.400-mile
flight from England.
After their welcome at Montreal
by Prime Minister Louis st. Lau-
rent and Viscount Alexander, the
governor general. the royal party
boarded the 10-car luxury train for
an afternoon and evening of rest
and relaxation.
Aboard the train they were Of
Ifered a Canadian thanksgiving
dinner. The Canadians celebrate
October 8, anniversary of the day
Canada came under British rule.
Leaving Montreal, Elizabeth and
Philip waved to the crowds gath
cred at railway stations along the
route. Later they visited each car
of the train, including the baggage
car, and talked to each member
of the train crew.
The train stopped for water and
running orders at st. Hyacinthe
40 miles from Montreal. The
Princess and her husband took a
short walk along the station plat
form and waved to people there.
Evening star., 1951-10-09
US. Atomic Weapons Can Halt
Soviet Army, Legislator Says

A member Of the joint congress
sional Atomic Energy Committee
declared today that the United
States now Is capable of produc-
ing tactical atomic weapons which
could halt the Russian army ''in
its tracks"
But at the same time, Repre-
sentative Jackson, Democrat, Of
Washington, added that the So
Wet could launch IAN atomic at
tack at 20 or 80 American cities. !"
In a Senate speech last night,
Senator Moody. Democrat, of
Michigan, said in an unsuccessful
plea for more civil defense funds
that Il am informed" Russia was
capable of delivering so atomic
bombs in a single raid, inflicting
6 million casualties, half of them
fatal.
There were these other atomic
developments:
!. Senator Freer. Democrat, Of
Delaware called for an ultimatum
to the Communists in Korea to
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Boys Mother Fined SIS
For Padding Principal
BY the Assoeioied Press

CLEVELAND. Oct. "a ST.
year-old mother was fined $25
yesterday for assaulting a school
principal with the same paddle be
once used on her son.
Mrs. Bernice Smey had been
convicted of assault and battery
by jury. She blackened the eyes
of Principal James Fenwick during
an argument in his Office over his
punishment of her son, Dan, Is.
In a lecture accompanying the
fine, Municipal Judge Mary B.
Grossman told the woman to
Join the Parent Teacher Associa-
ton and get better understand
ing of the teacher-parent prob
lem"
4 The judge also ordered the
Cleveland School Board informed
that Mr.. Fenwick's three-foot,
inch-thick paddle should not be
used on children.
Evening star., 1951-10-09
3 Judges Hear Arguments
On christoffeI Appeal

Three Judges of the District
Court Of Appeals yesterday heard
oral arguments on the appeal of
Harold Cristoffel, former CIO la
Dor leader, for reversal of his
perjury conviction in District
Court.
Cristoffel is facing a 2-to-6-year
sentence, imposed for falsely tell
ing the House Labor Committee
in 1947 that he had no Commu-
mist affiliations.
0. John Rogge, attorney for
Cristoffel, argued that the lower
court erred in refusing to compel
production of the executive COM
mittee minutes of the Labor Com
imittee and in refusing him per-
mission to cross-examine wit
|nesses who preceded Cristoffel on
the stand.
John Pratt, special assistant to
the Attorney General. argued that
Cristoffel had been given a fair
trial.
The appeal was heard by Judges
William K. Miller, David Bazelon
and Charles Fahey.
Evening star., 1951-10-09

make peace or face the atomic
bomb. He said he raised the ques-
ton in letter to Gen. Omar
N. Bradley, Joint Chiefs Of Staff
chairman, "as to whether we must
consider employing more potent
weapons against the Communist
armies. if fighting continues"
2. Senator Mcmahon of Connec-
|ticut and Representative Durham
|of North Carolina, both Demo-
|crats, announced that they were
satisfied" that the Atomic Energy
Commission project near Aiken,
Is. c.. was proceeding "at top
speed" A statement by the chair
man and vice chairman of the
Congressional Atomic Energy Com
lmittee. which they stated was
based on the committees investi-
gators constant check Of the prof.
Iect, defended the work there which
lis under the supervision Of the
lDu Pont company. The House Ap-
preparations Committee had criti-
lcized the work.
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Robertson Believes
Senate CIoture Rule
Goes Far Enouqh

The Senate Rules Committee
heard conflicting testimony today
on a variety of plans for chang
ing the Senate's cloture rule.
Senator Robertson, Democrat,
of Virginia was the first of a group
of Southerners scheduled to ap-
pear against proposals to make it
easier to limit debate. Senator
Robertson said the Senate has
gone as far as it should go land
still insure the functioning of this
body as was intended by the
founding fathers"
The present rule. adopted. in
1949, requires two-thirds of the
entire membership to close debate
on any question, except a further
change in Senate rules. Any new
rules the committee may bring
out, therefore. would be subject
to unlimited debate.
The committee was informed
that Republican Floor Leader
Wherry of Nebraska favors a re-
turn to the old rule which per-
mitted tWo-thirds of those present
and voting to invoke cloture.
Senator Wherry, who is recovering
from an operation, was repre-
sented by Senator Jenner. Repub-
lican, of Indiana.
Senator Ives. Republican, OF
New York, testified in favor of the
plan advocated by himself and
Senator Lodge, Republican, of
Massachusetts, to let 40 Senators
"a majority of the entire men,
bership-limit debate.
Senator Morse, Republican, of
Oregon, also is scheduled to be
heard in favor of a more liberal
rule.
The OppoSition tn any f,,rthar
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Our Kitchen Habits
Pose Puzzle for
Japanese Visitor
BY the Associoted Press

TOKYO. Oct. 9.-Do American
husbands really enjoy helping
their wives in the kitchen?
Cora Morata, business manager
of the Nippon Times, told Cham
ber of Commerce luncheon today
that he looked into the matter
while in the United States re-
Gently.
Here's what he found:
Everywhere I went people took
me into their kitchens and showed
me how modern they were; fancy
new stoves. electric mixers and
machines to wash the dishes.
Then they would announce:
Now let's all go out for din
uer.'"
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Koreo Boom Reaches
As Far as Singapore
By the A..oeio,ed Pres,

SINGAPORE. - Business is
really booming and soaring to
new all-tirne records in Singapore
and the Federation of Malayas.
E. M. F. Ferguson. chairman of
the Singapore chamber Of COM
merce, announced Malayan trade
figures for the first half of 1851
amounted to 81. .976. 100000 UNITED
States). The total for all 1850 was
81. .282 900. 900.
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Citizens Group Formed
In Hawthorn Section

Residents Of Hawthorn, new
development in Chevy Chase, D. c.,
last night organized citizens as
sociation and elected James H.
Carr as it's first president.
Other officers chosen were Miles
D. Pillars. vice president; Miss
Doris Uppercue, secretary, and
Raymond M. Beall, treasurer.
The meeting was held in the
Chevy Chase Community Center.
It was conducted by Mr.. Pillars,
who with Roy F. Thurston, had
acted as co-chairman of the group,
pending adoption of a constitution.
Future meetings of the Hawthorn
Citizens Association will be held
on the third Monday of each
month,
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Man, IS, in Fair Condition
After Fall Off Fire Escape

Albin Strauss. IS, who fell from
the second floor level of a fire
escape yesterday. was reported in
fair condition today at Emergency
Hospital.
Mr.. Strauss was trying to trim
the limbs of a tree at his home,
Gil Massachusetts, avenue NV,
when he fell into the back yard.
1t was reported by mistake in
The Star yesterday that Mr.
Strauss was transferred from
Emergency to Gallinger Hospital
He was admitted to Emergency
where he is being examined for
possible fracture Of the right jaw
and is being treated for severe
shock, cuts and bruises.
Evening star., 1951-10-09
IA CoIored Firemen
Involved in Transfers
Under Integration Plan

Only 14-instead of l6-of the
Districts Negro firemen will be
transferred to white units In in
Iaugurating the Fire Departments
new integration policy. Chief JOS
Ieph A. Mayhem disclosed today.
The transfers will be made
early next week, but the number
lplanned originally has been cut
because one of the departments
Negro firemen has gone AWOL
and another plans to resign. the
chief said.
The new integration policy
brought protests from members of
1.-THE House District Committee
when it was announced by the
Commissioners last week, but the
Icity heads have stated it will go
jahead as planned.
Reason for the transfers is that
Negro units are overmanned, while
white units have 26 vacancies,
Chief Mayhem explained. In the
future, men will be assigned with
out regard to whether they are
white or colored, the chief stated.
Explaining the cut from 16 to IA
in the number of transfers
PLANNED. Chief Mayhem explained
that one fireman at No. 13 Engine
Co. has been absent without leave
Since last week and a second man
lplans to take a job in New York.
This reduces the number of men
who are surplus in the colored
units, and thus the number avail
liable for transfer.
The AWOL man will be sus-
pended and brought before a trial
board, If the Commissioners ap-
prove, the chief said.
A meeting of battalion chiefs
was scheduled this morning to
iron out details of the transfers.
Two Groups Support Move.
Meanwhile, two civic organiza-
tions have announced their sup
port Of the integration move.
The District League of Women
Voters in letters to Chief Mayhem
and Commissioner John Russell
Young stated the plan "is not only
morally commendable and just.
but will make for more
efficient and economical opera
ton"
i The District Branch of the Ma
1 tional Association for the Ad-
/ vancement of Colored People
commended the Commissioners
for ordering the move and also
! wrote Representative Davis, Dem
/ ocrat, of Georgia urging him to
"revise" his opposition to the
plan.
! Mr.. Davis last Saturday de-
manded that the order be
rescinded.
Evening star., 1951-10-09
Strike PorIeys Reopen

MOBILE, Ala, Oct. 9 (P.-
Company and union officials be-
gan a fresh effort yesterday 10
find a basis of settling the IL
week-old strike at the Alabama
Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co. More
than 1000 workers have been away
from their jobs in the wage dis
pute,
Evening star., 1951-10-09

important technical information
of high security value. I may add
that the suggestion that this in
Ifromation be withheld did not
originate with Government but
with the publisher.
"'I hope sometime to be able to
pay public tribute to this man, but
today and in this group I can only
do it anonymously and say that
all magazine publishers should en-
joy basking in the sunlight Of pub
lie service and sacrifice which this
one man has evinced. It is con-
Ivincing and specific proof of the
fact that we can have help from
publishers and in my Judgment il
also proves that some publishers
are anxious to see that real secu-
rity information is not given cir
culation.
During World War II the
American press willingly exercised
the restraint which was needed to
keep harmful information from
the enemy. Today we suffer from
the fact that while we are at war
which is costing us thousands of
lives and billions of dollars, it is
not all-out war, and there is not
the feeling of intense emotion
about it which would character
lie our attitudes during any world
war and did during World War II.
Recurring Problem.
Here again we face the recur-
ring problem of convincing every
segment of the American people
that cold war is just as real as
a hot one. and that as a matter
Of fact we are engaged in a hot
war and a very real war at this
time. 1t is just as important as
it ever was not to disclose for pub
lie circulation detailed informa-
ton about of plans, our strategic
resources or our weapons. Ameri-
can boys are daily making great
sacrifices in Korea. We should
remind ourselves daily of the in
creased hazards to which they
will be exposed as the result of
careless treatment of security in
formation.
Freedom of the press is guar
anteed by the Constitution. This
does not mean freedom to print
everything we know or can find
out. Our object should be not
only the utmost freedom con-
sistent with safety but the utmost
safety consistent with freedom.
There is, of course, a problem
dealing with the timid or the
selfish bureaucrat who will hide
himself behind the words conf
dential' or secrecy and be much
too cautious in revealing infor-
nation. To recognize this reality,
however, is not to minimize what
I believe to be the greater men
ACE OF the official who, by reason
!of his very fear of criticism by
the press if he does not give out
Everything he knows, errs on the
side of telling too much.
"Regrettably the truth is not
always considered news. The
ubiquitous rumor, the elusive in
lnuendo, and even the big lie are
frequently given currency as news.
The truth for the most, part lacks
the glamour-the sex appeal
which catches the eye and excites
the interest"