davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-12-16
Virginia Teacher Pay
Buys Less Than Ever
Despite Salary Raise
BY The Assoeiated Press

RICHMOND, Dec. 15.-The
average Virginia school teachers
salary advanced by $155 during
the 1950-51 school term, but in
terms of purchasing power the
wage actually dropped by $25.
These figures were given out
today by the Virginia Education
Association, whose membership is
composed of grammar and high
school teachers throughout the
State.
The YEA said the average
teachers salary during the last
school year was $2.391 as COM
pared with $2,236 for 1949-50.
But the increase was Offset, the
YEA added. by a decline in pur-
chasing power 1t said the de-
cline was so much that the 1950-51
salary was worth only $1.289--
below the net worth of the 1949-50
salary of $1.314.
The YEA said It's purchasing
power figures were based on sta
tistics cleaned from the Bureau
Of Labor Statistics.
Robert F. Williams, the YEAS
executive secretary, said the aver
age salary figure of $2,391 ac-
tually had little value because
there is no Statewide wage
schedule.
The YEA said the range in ele-
mentary school average salaries
| in the counties went from ST ,499
in Tazewell to $3.50 in Arlington.
For high school teachers, the range
went from $1,886 in Bland to
$3,328 in Arlington.
Among high school teachers
salaries, there was a $783 average
difference in favor of city teachers
over county instructors. In the
elementary schools, the range
favored city teachers by SITS.
Evening star., 1951-12-16
More Teachers Asked
In Virginia Schools
by the As.eeiotsd Pres.

RICHMOND. Va, Dec. I5.-A
commission created to look into
Virginia's public school system
has found 1t good on the whole
though weak in the primary ano
elementary grades.
Schools. however, should "con-
solidate their gains before
embarking on new ventures in
education" the commission be-
lieves.
1t suggests better efforts to OBJ
tain "an adequate number OF
properly trained teachers in the
primary and elementary grades. -
It wants teachers paid ac-
cording to training, experience
and demonstrated efficiency"
The State, it says, should con-
slider a locality's efforts at equaliz-
ing opportunity in alloting certain
State school funds to the localities
Particularly. the number of pupils
per teacher should be reduced in
many cases.
Report Is Given Governor.
All Of this, and much more, Is
contained in a 32-page report to
Gov. Battle and the General AS
sembly today. The commission
headed by House Speaker E.
Blackburn Moore, Of Berryville
was created by the 1850 General
Assembly to study the establish
ment of a foundation program in
education"
1t concluded that the State is
doing good job of placing in
creased emphasis on the teaching
OF fundamental subjects. as
recommended by the Denny Com
mission Of 1914.
Effective teaching, it found, is
nampered most by a lack Of ade-
quately trained primary and ele-
mentary teachers, and too heavy
teacher loads.
Continued State Aid Urged.
The commission recommended
that some State aid to all local
schools be continued. It did not
think the State should penalize
locality in which schools "are
lar ahead in many respects of the
State school system as a whole"
by cutting of equalization funds.
The commission admitted, how
ever. that it docs not believe that
any person or group is wise
enough to establish a formula
which will be perfectly equitable
by which local effort can be
measured"
Since State funds are provided
primarily for teachers salaries,
the commission suggests that they
be distributed on a basis which
will not permit a locality to save
money on teachers salaries-by
increasing the teacher load-and
at the same time participate on a
normal basis in the equalization
funds.
Evening star., 1951-12-16
$4,000 Veterinarians
Are Licensed in u. S.

NEW YORK.-There are $4,000
licensed doctors of veterinary
medicine in the United States.
one fifteenth the number Of
physicians.
Most of the veterinarians live
in rural areas and treat animal
pets as part of their general prac-
tice. But more than 5000 of them,
located chiefly in cities. specialize
in dogs and cats. They operate
most of the nations 1000 small
animal hospitals.
Evening star., 1951-12-16
Claude IA. Bristol

PORTLAND, Ore, Dec. Is (P).
Claude M. Bristol, 81, Portland,
author of the 1948 best-seller
Magic Of Believing" died at a
hospital here last night after a
long illness.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
u. S. Observers Impressed
By Power of Tiny A-BIost

LAS VEGAS, New, Oct. % (P).-
Americans, always in awe of size,
had something different to ponder
today: the successful detonation
of an atomic weapon so small il
fiared less than a INT blast. yet
SO powerful it demolished a 100
foot steel tower.
Yesterdays test may have
ushered in the age of the baby
A-bomb. There may be another
bigger blast tomorrow.
Many observers. including some
military men just back from Ko-
rea. found it difficult to believe
that a nuclear explosion could
emit light for a mere fraction
of a second. and make less noise
than a heavy artillery shot.
Yet the downward thrust of the
detonation flattened the tower
from which the small atomic mass
was set of. There's nothing left
of the tower" test manager Car
rol L. Tyler remarked.
There was comparatively little
radiation from the veSt-pocket
blast, the Acc said.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
5 Commemorative Stamps
And Publishing Dates Listed
BY the Assoeioted Press

BY the Assoeioted Press
The Post Office Department
yesterday announced plans for five
new commemorative postage
stamps to be brought out early
in 1852.
The issues and issue-dates:
Betsy Ross, January l, the 200th
anniversary of her birth.
All Clubs. January IS, 50th
anniversary Of the farm youth
movement. ....
Baltimore g. Ohio Railroad Co.,
February %. 125th anniversary of
founding. ,e.-
American Automobile Associa-
ton safety program. March, 4,
50th anniversary.
Marquis de Lafayette, date to
lbe announced. 175th anniversary
of arrival IN America.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
Atomic

Continued From First Page.)
tinue to advance and insist on its
own plan for control of atomic
weapons.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
Baby Left in Jersey
Studied in kidnapping
BY the Assoeiafed Press

NEW BRUNSWICK, N. j.. Oct
Estate police had few clues
with which to work today in an
investigation to determine whether
an infant abandoned in a nearby
gas station is the one kidnapped
recently from a Michigan City
dnd) hospital.
Attempts to identify the baby
through footprints as Lawrence
James Lyons, who vanished Oc-
tober 13 from st. Anthony's Hos
pital in Michigan City, were
uuashed late last night with ar
announcement from the Indiana
hospital that no footprints had
been taken there.
Meanwhile, the abandoned baby
boy, nicknamed "Troopy" by State
troopers, appeared to be quite
happy" in the children's ward o1
Middlesex General Hospital here
A woman drove up to the gas
station in nearby Deans Sunday
night and left the child in rest.
room, police said.
Police expressed some doubt
however, that the baby here, who
they said was about S or 6 day,
old, might be the Lyons baby
Lawrence was 4 days old when hi
disappeared from the Indiana hos.
pital.
Evening star., 1951-10-23

1000 block Of Seventh street S.W.,
was indicted on charged of TAX
ing indecent liberties with two
young girls.
Herbert D. Waters, 20, Of the
$500 block Of Pennsylvania ave-
nue. NV, was indicted on mar
cotic charges.
Joseph e. Gallagher. 80, Of the
1700 block OF Irving street NV.
was indicted on charges Of forg-
ing his fathers name to several
checks for small sums.
The indictments were among a
total of % returned before Chief
Judge Bolitha J. Laws of District
Court.
Evening star., 1951-10-23

Limerick. who then told him he
had lunched with Bullock and
that Bullock would not appear be-
fore the grand jury.
Meeting Arranged.
Mr.. Limerick. explaining the
puzzling sequence today. said Bull
lock had called him before 8 am.
yeSterday-that is, at least an
hour before the indictment was
returned-and asked to see him.
Bullock, Mr.. Limerick said, did
not disclose what he wanted to
confer with him about but he
thought it might concern the
county grand jury's request for
his appearance.
Mr.. Limerick added that he
wasn't trying to hide anything
and had told the sheriff about
Bullock's call. Arrangements, he
said. were made to meet Bullock
for lunch.
When the sheriff called Mr..
Limerick at the gas station after
lunch, Mr.. Limerick went on, Bull
lock and several others were in
the Office with him and he didn't
want to talk in their hearing
That, he said, was why he gave
the sheriff no information until
the second telephone call.
Mr.. Limerick did not explain
why the inspector wanted to see
him.
Civic Leader Is Witness.
The morning witness today be-
fore the Prince Georges jury was
William r. Turner, a leader in the
Citizens Movement for Good
Government, who had large pack
ages Of photographs showing tele-
phone and telegraph wires lead
ing into various county estab-
Ilishments.
Mr.. Turner was not summoned
by the States attorney. but an
swered the prosecutor public ap-
peal for all persons to come for
ward voluntarily who could shed
any light on the gambling probe.
Mr.. Turner believes the pictures
he took on his days. of over a
period of many months illustrate
the ease with which numbers col
lection stations and nerve CEN
ters" can be spotted by observant
law enforcement officers. The
numbers business cannot operate
without telephone AMI telegraph
service. and usually, a great deal
|of 1t.
In another DEVELOPMENT. Sen.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
Bus Money Theft Charged
To Colonial Beach Official
By the Assoeiated Press

MONTROsS, Va, Oct. a.
Town Councilman George E. Rick
of Colonial Beach has been in
dicted on a charge of embezzling
bus ticket money.
The indictment, returned yes
terday in Westmoreland County
Circuit Court, charged Rick with
embezzling $1,815 from the Rich
mond Greyhound Lines, Inc, With
in the last six months.
Rick operates a drugstore at
Colonial Beach which serves as the
local ticket agency for Greyhound.
A trial date will be set in De-
cember, Commonwealth's Attorney
F. F. Chandler said.
Evening star., 1951-10-23

GLASSES, pair. round lenses; found Thurs
day. downtown Washington store; will
send to owner upon receiving description
Of frame and check 30 cover cost bis
3702 Fairmont, Dallas, Tex. 2SS
Evening star., 1951-10-23

ator Case, Republican, of South
Dakota. today was turning over to
the Senate District Committee
crime investigators some tips and
new leads" he said he had re-
ceived that include charges OF
police protection for gamblers.
The information was to be
transmitted this afternoon to Ar
mold Bauman, director of the Dis
trict Committee inquiry, by Rob-
|ert Albrook. aide to Senator
Case.
Before leaving for his home
State, Senator Case said he
thought yesterdays grand jury
indictments on gambling offered
new justification for the crime
and law enforcement investiga-
ton being made by the District
Committee under Senate authority.
Laxity Is Charged.
Mr.. Albrook said the Senator
had received about a half dozen
tips. Some were by phone call,
some by letter and some by per-
sonal visits to the Senator. Mr..
Albrook said the complaints were
not anonymous.
A couple Of them. Mr.. Albrook
said, were complaints of police
protection and some were of police
indifference TO known numbers
operators and some were of gen.
eral laxity in action against gam
blers. A couple Of the complaints,
Mr.. Albrook added. involved al
legged payments for protection to
members of the Metropolitan Po-
lice department.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
Assault on Boby-Sitter
Charged to Marine
By the Assoejeted Pres,

FREDERICKSBURG, Va, Oct.
pa Marine warrant officer has
been charged with the rape of a
16-year-old girl who acted as
baby sitter for the serviceman's
child.
Clifford George Wulk, who is
stationed at Quantico Marine
Base. was released on $4,000 bond
for appearance in Spotsylvania
Trial Justice Court November z.
Wulk, q resident of Fredericks-
burg. was charged by police with
raping the colored girl while re-
turning her to her home in
SpotSylvania.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
$1,000 Relief Grant
For Nelson and Main
Passed by Congress

Charles E. Nelson, reputed boss
Of a $6-million-a-year gambling
racket, and Irwin I. Main, former
chairman Of the Board of the
Seat Pleasant Bank. received q
"relief" grant Of $4,000 shortly be-
fore they appeared before the
Senate Crime Investigating Com
mittee, The Star learned today.
For the relief Of the Peerless
Casualty Co. and of Charles e
Nelson and Irwin I. MAN," was
the title of q bill which sailed
through both houses Of Congress
and was approved by the Presi-
dent July 80.
ANY money in the Treasury
not otherwise appropriated" the
bill decreed should be diverted to
the relief" of Mr.. Nelson and Mr..
Main.
Limited to $4,000. ~
The bill specified. however. that
they were not to get more than
$1,000 which would be split be-
tween them.
At the time the bill passed in
vestigators for the Senate Crime
Investigating Committee had
gathered evidence which would
bring Mr.. Nelson into public view
as the reputed number boss. Mr..
Main subsequently resigned his
Craftsmanship of the Board of
the Seat Pleasant Bank for lend
ing q Nelson associate money
without security.
Legislative history shows that
Congress was just trying to right
o wrong when it passed the bill for
the "relief" of Mr.. Nelson. now
under Indictment on charges Of
lying to the Senate committee,
and Of gambling conspiracy.
As presented to Congress in a
bill introduced by Representative
Fallon, Democrat, of Maryland.
the relief" bill pointed out that
Mr.. Nelson and Mr.. Main. jointly
operating the Peerless Casualty
Co., posted $1,000 bail for John
o. Staples. former Washington
night club owner. who skipped the
jurisdiction before he came to trial.
Found After Two Years.
Legislative history accompany
ing the bill shows that Mr.. Nelson
and Mr.. Main finally located Mr..
Staples after a lapse of two years.
When he was arraigned in Fed
eral Court in Baltimore. the judge
ordered the forfeited $1,000 bond
returned to the bondsmen.
Red tape intervened. The for
feited bond money no longer was
In the court treasury. Only an Act
of Congress could release the funds
to comply with the courts order.
So the bill went through as a
routine matter.
Mr.. Nelson appeared before the
Crime Investigating Committee
early in August at about the time
the Treasury was writing the "re-I
lief" checks releasing $1,000 in
hard earned income tax payments.
Evening star., 1951-10-23

liam McWilliams; James N. PUN.
Iphrey. Nelson's partner in the
P. & N. Amusement Co.: Mrs
Elizabeth Brady, bookkeeper al
Nelson's North Beach establish
'ment and wife of his horse trainer
and Mrs. Ruby Geary, reputed tc
be another Nelson employe.
The grand jury's continuing
drive for evidence was demon
|strated yesterday when the jurors
went into session Immediately
after returning the mass indict-
ment.
Richardson Appears.
Richardson, who was not in
dicted but whose home was re-
peatedly described in the overt
acts as a numbers headquarters,
appeared before the District grand
jury yesterday and angrily refused
to answer the questions of news
men awaiting him in the court
house corridor.
Another witness yesterday was
Jack Ritchie, gas station operator
and former employe Of William
Limerick at the Limerick station
on Benning road. Mr.. Ritchie
appeared previously with a trio of
other former Limerick employees.
At that time. the four told news
men the grand jury had asked
them If they had ever seen Bullock
and Lowry associate with Nowland
at the Limerick station.
Mr.. Limerick, now a deputy
sheriff in Prince Georges County,
played an odd role in yesterdays
fast-moving developments here
and in the county.
Called by County Jury.
Mr.. Limerick, who had been al
the county courthouse. went to
Mr.. Limerick's gas station-at
Bullock's request-to meet the
inspector. who had been suspended
"a half-hour earlier.
Bullock-along with Lowry and
kirby-had been requested to
appear before the Prince Georges
grand jury yesterday.
Two hours after newsmen saw
Mr.. Limerick with Bullock at the
gas station, Prince George Sheriff
Carlton g. Beall told reporters
Mr.. Limerick had just informed
him he had been unable to locate
the policemen.
A short time later. however, the
sheriff said he had had another
telephone conversation with Mr.
Evening star., 1951-10-23
Man Policeman Shot
After He Used knife
Indicted in Assault

A 35-year-old man who became
enraged when. he thought two
teen-age boys were laughing at
him and slashed a policeman who
came to the rescue of the youths
was indicted by the grand jury
yesterday on charges Of assault.
The accused man, Abraham l..
Cothran. IS, colored. of 1870 block
of L street NV, was shot four
times by Pvt. Walter A. Schubring
before he was disarmed.
Policeman. Schubring reported
he was attacked with a knife by
Cothran on September 4 and cut
on the hand when he started to
arrest the defendant after see
ing him threaten two teen-age
boys with the knife near Georgia
avenue and Taylor street NV.
Cothran, police said, became
enraged when he thought the boys
laughed at him. The indictment
also accused Cothran of threaten
ing the two boys. one 10 and the
other II.
Murder In Second Degree
In another indictment. Herman
Satterf1eld. %, colored, of the 100
block of Seventeenth street NV,
was charged with second-degree
murder. He is accused of fatally
shooting William johnson, %,
colored. of the 500 block of New
Jersey avenue NV. The shooting
occurred on September % during
an argument in house in the
1900 block of Corcoran street NV,
police said.
The indictment also charges
Satterfield with assault with a
dangerous weapon, in which he is
accused of shooting and wounding
another man.
A youth was indicted on charges
of breaking into the Church on
the Rock of the Apostolic Faith,
in the 1700 block OF Seventh street
NV. on two successive days and
taking amplifying equipment
valued at more than $3.50.
The defendant is James H. Dun
can. 10. colored, of the HOO block
of Eight street NV. The indict-
ment accuses him of breaking into
the church on September Is and
26.
Stolen Government Checks.
Walter Hamm, %, colored, was
indicted on charges of forging and
cashing more than $370 worth of
Government checks, which the in
dictment charged he stole from
residential mail boxes. Hamm' S
address was listed as the Federal
Reformatory, Lorton, Va. The in
dictment charges some of the Of
fenses were committed this year,
and others. last year. Another
man, Ernest L. Ramsey, %, colored
of the 900 block of r street NV,
is charged in one indictment with
Hamm involving a $50 check.
Three persons we're indicted on
sex offense charges. One of them,
Ezra Robinson. %, colored. of the
1700 block of Seaton place NV,
was accused Of carnal knowledge
involving a 14-year-old colored
girl.
Glenn L. Harr, IS, Of the 200
block of Rock Greek Church road
N. w.. was indicted on a charge
of taking indecent liberties with
a 9-year-old boy in the Tivoli
Theater.
Charles j. Brooks, 80, of the
Evening star., 1951-10-21
inns Hoh School Students Shy off From Geometry and Latin

pupils" the survey said. land in
many States long ng-standing re.
quirements are being better en-
forced"
The greatest percentage de-
icreases from 1884 to 1949, among
individual subjects, were in Latin
and French. The agency said this
may reflect the relaxing of col
llege-entrance requirements in
foreign language during the period
The survey showed that in 1949
for the first time, more pupil.
were studying Spanish than Latin
Spanish was the only one of thu
commonly taught foreign Ian.
guages to gain appreciably from
1884 to 1949.
The survey also noted a number
of new subjects reported for the
first time in 1949-conservation
Evening star., 1951-10-21

the greatest percentage increase
in enrollments.
It said that in many instances
enrollments in general courses ex.
panded, while enrollments in more
specialized courses declined. Thus
biology enrollments have increased
greatly at the expense Of those in
zoology and botany. which are spe-
cialized branches of biology, ano
general mathematics has grown al
the expense Of algebra and
geometry.
Outstanding percentage in
creases among individual subjects
since 1884 were reported in
physical education. typewriting
general mathematics Gncluding
arithmetic) and United States
history.
United States history is in
creasingly being required of all
Evening star., 1951-10-21
Charges Against Son
OF General Dropped

A charge of simple assault
against Bruce Edwards, 10, STEP
son Of Brig. Gen. E. A. Evans, of
$685. Thirty first place NV, was
dropped yesterday at Municipal
Court.
The charge, which accused
Edwards of breaking the arm of
a l2-year-old boy by twisting it.,
was nolle pressed by Assistant
United States Attorney Huge j.
MCGEE because the younger boys
father. Ferdinand D. Moran, did
not want to prosecute.
Mr. Moran, trial examiner of
the Civil Aeronautics Board, who
lives at 6331 Thirty first place
NV. had sworn to~a warrant
against young Edwards after Mr..
Moran's young sons arm had
been broken on September 18.
The son, John Moran. and Ed
wards had given different versions
of the incident. Both agreed, how
ever, that an argument had de-
veloped in connection with a
street football game.
Evening star., 1951-10-21
Falls in Home Fatal
To7m Week.;
Baby Also Victim

Eight persons died in home acci-
dents last week. including a 16-
month-old boy who drank furni-
ture polish and an 80-year-old
man who fell while trimming a
tree.
The District Red Cross reported
101 persons treated in hospitals
here during the week following
home accidents: 35 falls. 10 burns,
4 accidental poisonings. 8 foreign
bodies. % cuts and % miscel-
laneous.
Falls in the home took seven
lives.
One baby suffered a badly cut
eye when a salt shaker broke in
his mothers hand. Another was
cut on the head when he pulled
a cookie jar over on himself.
Playing with matches, hot cook
ing grease, boiling water, razor
blades, biting dogs and a falling
wall bed accounted for other
injuries.
Evening star., 1951-10-21

consumer buying, safety educa.
ton, driver education and the like
A number Of subjects disap.
lpeared from the offerings in many
states. Subjects on the decline
included English history. indus.
trial history, nature study and
Greek.
The survey found that:
In 1884 high schools graduated
333 Of every 1000 pupils who were
in the fifth grade in 1926-27.
In 1948 they graduated 4S1 OF
every 1000 who were in the fifth
grade in 1940-41.
Evening star., 1951-10-21
By Vern HoueIond
Associated Press Staff Writer

High school students just don't
go for algebra, geometry. physics
and latin the way they used to
Fact is, says the Office of Edu-
cation, the percentage Of students
enrolling for those courses has
declined steadily since 1915. How
ever, since more students are
going on to finish high school
the total number Of enrollments
in these subjects has increased
steadily.
The agency made a survey OF
high school subjects offered in
the 1948-'49 school year and COM
pared it with the last such study
made in 1881
Among broad subjects. home
economics and industrial arts had
Evening star., 1951-10-21
Pokiston Biomes Staying
On United Nations Delay

KARACHI, Pakistan. Oct. 20
Pl.-The Pakistan minister for
Kashmir affairs declared today
that -four years delay" by the
United Nations in settling the
Kashmir dispute had cost our
Prime Minister his life"
He said he saw no reason for
further negotiations over the
northern border state in view of
the reactions Of both India and
Pakistan to the report by U. N.
Mediator Frank Graham of North
Carolina.
In a report to the U. N. this
week DR.. Graham said he had
been unable to persuade India
and PakiStan to accept a common
formula for withdrawing troops
from Kashmir in preparation for
a plebiscite. But he urged the
peace organization to continue its
efforts to settle the trouble.