davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-06-05

ario of the press conference for a
Navy ensign who was disciplined
for his intemperate attacks on
the Government.
Chairman Russell banged his
gavel and Secretary Acheson
smiled.
At the State Department an
Acheson spokesman said: I'VE
always cooperate with Sena-
tors" He was smiling. too.
Senator Morse commented
that that was nice. Secretary
Acheson will be under oath,
he suggested, and had better
not try to contend that State
files do not furnish any leads
to the forces behind Chang
Kai-Shek.
It is now up to the President.
The structure and personnel Of
the China lobby have been one
of the abiding mysteries of our
time, but the effort put forth
for Chang and the strange i'm
munity his votaries enjoy from
questions about their operations
speak for themselves. So does
the hatchet work done on the
Secretary of State.
And yet the Truman admin
istration has never fought back.
1t has never sought any kind of
accounting of the funds which
this Government poured into
China. Mr.. Kohlberg, who in
Evening star., 1951-06-05

while we could measure our Air
Force against that Of the Rus
slams today-particularly as far
as quality is concerned-the
Reds will have a far stronger
force in 1858.
Insofar as the man in the
street is concerned, our mill
tary position is not bad. It
would become difficult If the
Russians intervened in the war
and transformed the Korean
conflict into an all-out third
world war. But nobody can
give the slightest reassurances
that this will not happen in any
event. If the Kremlin actually
believes that we are impotent
and would be sitting ducks for
them.
The frantic appeals to the
Chinese Communists to permit
Evening star., 1951-06-05
Dorothy Thompson

Warren Austin, American
representative to the United
Nations, recently disclosed in
Atlantic City that the United
States Government will very
soon give the U. N. a specific
pledge of American troops and
armed forces to be earmarked as
u. N. units, and held in read
iness to meet aggression any,
where in the world.
This pledge will be in reply
to the call of the collective
measures committee, established
under a resolution to free the
General Assembly for action in
case the Security Council fails
to act.
Thus, American men, follow
ing the Korea example, are to
be put, entirely involuntarily,
into an international army ear
marked for any war which a
majority of the foreign offices
represented in the General AS
sembly may decide upon.
States representing in aggre-
gate only 96 million people can
determine whether or not an ag-
gression has occurred, and
whether or not these earmarked
units can be impressed into serv-
ice. theoretically. the concur
rent vote of the United States
itself would not be required. AS
has been demonstrated in Korea,
no vote of Congress is needed to
send these units into action, for
such q. N. police actions are not
war, but peace enforcement. And
the news that the United States
will very soon offer such an ear
marked force, essentially for
eign legion, is presented, not to
0he American Congress for de-
bate, but to a meeting of the
international Rotary Club!
Now. if this country had an
opposition party worthy Of the
name it would raise the fun
aamental constitutional question
of whether American citizens
can thus be impressed into war
without their own consent, on
the vote of other states, or the
decision of the President. II
they can, let us stop talking
about the evils of dictatorship
elsewhere in the world. For via
the United Nations and the
American Administrations
"
Evening star., 1951-06-05

which make the mention Of
international law" at the SEN
ate hearings seem rather ironi-
cal today:
/. The United States is block
aiding the island of Formosa as
against invasion by the forces
of Communist China, and at no
time has the United States de-
clared a state of war against the
Communist Chinese authority.
2. The Russian government is
furnishing munitions and sup
plies to the Communist troops
fighting against the forces OF
the United States and its allies.
This is in direct violation of all
the historic principles of inter-
national law which forbid neu-
tral territory to be used as a
base of direct supply to military
forces of either side in a war.
8. The United Nations has
declared Red China an aggres-
sor as the term Is used in inter-
national law, but Great Britain
and several other governments
supposedly allied with us in
Korea have failed to withdraw
recognition from the aggressor
government. Under interna-
tional law trade carried on with
an enemy by any co-belligerent
or ally is tantamount to as
sistance. There are plenty Of
precedents under international
law to justify a naval blockade
of the China coast because the
Communist Chinese are actual
ly engaged in war against the
U. N. forces. But it is common
knowledge that most Of the
U. N. members, and primarily
Great Britain, oppose the i'm
position of such a blockade,
thus ignoring one of the fun
damental principles of inter-
national comfy.
4. The U. N. has failed to
recognize the existence of a
state of war between Red China
and the members of the U. N.
The United States has refrained
from proclaiming a state of war
against Red China as covered
by the numerous precedents of
international law. When a con-
flict lasts for nearly a year and
Evening star., 1951-06-05
Lowell MeHett::

Senator Paul Douglas, the ILL
nois unaccountable, must have
wakened the other morning on
Mocking Bird Hill where, &C.
cording to the song, there's
nothing but peace and good will.
Full Of same, and being a free
handed fellow. he started forth
to spread it all over. What
would do most to promote peace
and good will In the field of
American politics where it has
been so sadly lacking? To his
lively mind the answer was
easy: An agreement between
the two parties to make Gen.
Eisenhower their joint candi-
date for President next sum-
mer. That would take all the
pickering and back biting out
of politics and send Democrats
and Republicans streaming to
the polls hand in hand. We'd
have national unity such as we
never had before and never
needed so much.
What would become Of the
two-party system, which we've
considered one of our great con-
tributions to political science?
The Senator would save that by
having each party name its own
candidate for the vice-presi-
dency. He doesn't think the
country would get too hot and
bothered by a battle Of the
Throttlebottoms.
The Senator was speaking as
q Democrat who is mentioned
as a possible candidate for the
presidency himself, If President
Truman doesn't run again. He
took note Of that fact, saying
that If Mr.. Truman doesn't run
the party should nominate Gen.
Eisenhower. not himself. II
Mr.. Truman does run, of course
he would be for Mr.. Truman.
he said.
What we've got to have, said
the Senator. is a President with
rs or 80 per cent of the people
behind him, not just 81 per
cent. And any party that named
Eisenhower would get that rs
or 80 per cent.
He didn't explain why, that
being the case, he would still
Evening star., 1951-06-05
War in Korea Phony and Costly
U. N. Appeals to Peiping Puppets to Accept Peace
Will Only Stiffen Resistance of Chinese Reds

US to get out of the hole-pos-
Sibly in order to enable us to
increase our military potential
If Russia is decided. on an all
out warts not likely to find
the Peiping puppets in a recep-
tive mood.
We have been advertising to
the world that we are incapable
of winning in Korea-accord-
ing to the ancient rule Of war
by utterly defeating the enemy:
All we in America say is that
we shall win by attrition of the
enemy forces. And so far there
are no indications that this
will be the case.
On the contrary, on the tes-
timony Of our military leaders,
represented by three of the four
Joint Chiefs Of Staff, the shoe
may be on the other foot.
Evening star., 1951-06-05

THE WASHINGTON COMMITTEE.
BONDS OF ISRAEL GOVERNMENT
PRESENTS
a stimulating and int formative discussion on
IsraeEs $5OO,OOO,OOO Bond Issue
at the
StatIer Hotel, Presidential Room
Tomorrow, June 9th at 2 p. m.
The panel aOiU include the toIouiag guests:
MARTIN AGRoNSKY, Commentator for ABc Network
DR.. FRANK KINGDOM. Author and JournoIst
ROBERT r. NATHAN, Economist
REP JACOB K. JAVTS Congressman New York
SEMAH CECIL HYAN Economic Counselor Embassy Of isroeI
No admission charge
The Nome nugget., 1951-05-25
PITTSBURGH, (P)

PITTSBURGH, (P) - A man listening to the news found him. self in the news just a moment later.
 Thomas Brannigan, 59, partner in a interior decorating firm, was listening to a news broadcast as he drove from his home to his shop with the firms $1,5OO weekly payroll. As he stepped from the auto, two hold-up men flashed a gun, took the payroll and fled in another car.
The Nome nugget., 1951-05-25
N. o. LEDING DIES IN L. "A.

N. O. Leding, well known Nome ite and Kougarok miner passed away at his home in Los Angeles on April B, according to word re- ceived from his daughter, Helga Carroll, who also resides in Los Angeles. He is survived by his widow, who is now 80 years old, his daughters Helga and Brenda, both of whom attended school in Nome.
The Nome nugget., 1951-05-25
Truman Confident
 Program for Peace Will Avert New War

WASHINGTON, (P)-President Truman said yesterday he is con- fident his program for peace will avert a new world war.
 He told a news conference that another global war would mean a return to the dark ages.
 And, he said, he objected to the use of the term cocky in describ- ing his attitude that his program would succeed. He said some col umnists have so described him and he thinks it is the wrong word. His attitude, MT. Truman declared is one of confidence that the peo- pie of the United States and of the world believe his domestic and foreign program both are right.
 The President, asked whether he would run for the presidency again next year, said the season is still open.
 As he has before, he told his news conference, he has made up his mind what he is going to do, but is not ready to disclose his intentions.
 That decision, he said, has not been affected by what he called the ruckus kicked up by the great general from the Far East.
 This was an obvious reference to Gen. Macarthur.
 MT. Truman volunteered his peace remarks at a moment when questioning had Jagged in his weekly news conference. He said that in the event of another world war, this country would be what it has not been before in world wars-a battlefront.
 He said he thinks the people have enough energy and intelli- gence to keep from slipping back to the dark ages, but that this might be the result in the event this country does become a battle front. He is not willing to take a chance on a third world war, he added.
 The president at the same time called upon the country to observe Memorial Day as a day ito pray for permanent peace as well as to honor the heroes of past wars"
The Nome nugget., 1951-05-25
CENTRAL FRONT, Korea,

CENTRAL FRONT, Korea, (P) Eighteen American marines and one soldier captured by Chinese Communists last November were rescued today on the outskirts of the newly captured town of Chun- chon.
 All said they had been with Associated Press photographer Frank Noel at prison camps in North Korea from December until March ' or S. They said Noel was in good health when they last saw him and they were sure he is alive and well. Noel was captured Dec. 2 in northeast Korea.
 The liberated men seemed in good health. They were dirty and bearded.
The Nome nugget., 1951-05-25

PORTLAND (SpeciaD - Bonnie Dunbar, sophomore from Nome, was initiated into the Lewis and Clark College Women'S Recrea- tion Association at potluck dim ner at the home of Hester Turner, adviser, April 26.
 Miss Dunbar, a physical educa- tion major, is the daughter of MT. and Mrs. Luther Dunbar of Nome
The Nome nugget., 1951-05-25

MT. n d Mrs. Ed Hawkinson. teachers for the Nome School, who have been here for one year, are leaving Sunday for their home in Wisconsin. MT. HaWkinson was coach for Nome's winning basket ball team.
Evening star., 1951-07-19
|GI, 13, Faces Release $3.50 Phone Raise
After Mother 'TaH|es' Signed in Maryland
By the Asseeiatsd Press

BALTIMORE, July 19.-The
Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone
Co. and its plant and commercial
employees in Maryland last night
signed a new one-year contract
calling for pay increases ranging
from So to $40 a week.
The negotiations, going on al
most continuously for the past
several days, were conducted by
the company and the CIO Com
Imunication Workers of America,
representing the plant. CONNER
Icial. accounting and treasury non
supervisory workers.
In announcing the settlement.
w. Griffin Morrel, vice president
and general manager Of the COM
Ipany, said the firm would need
more income to meet record high
labor costs and other rising costs .
The utility has applied to the
Maryland Public Service Commits
sion for an increase in telephone
rates. The request has not as yet
come before the commission for
action.
Pickets paraded briefly yester-
day at exchanges in Southern
Maryland. on the Eastern Shore
and at the suburban Washington
staNpns of Silver Spring. Hyatts-
ivil3e and Bethesda.
Evening star., 1951-07-19

Iment." Both Of these provision.
require a two-thirds vote of the
contracting parties.
The question confronting the
State Department is not especially
easy to solve. Our own minimum
policy Of withdrawing our con-
Icessions from Communist areas Is
clearly settled. But whether we
want to 60 further and try to
persuade the other countries to
take punitive measures Is not
easily answered. For one thing
Finland, Denmark, Norway, and
others are in exposed positions
and would naturally hesitate to
offend the Communists unneces-
Isarily.
The important thing, it seems
to me, is that our course of action
be promptly determined so as to
carry out the Congressional man
date Of withdrawing the conces-
sions "as soon as practicable. -
Our proposals should be crystal
llized 80 that they can be approved
Iby the contracting parties at the
meeting scheduled to open at
Geneva, Switzerland, on Septem-
tber 1S, 1851.
Evening star., 1951-07-19
BY The Asseeia,ed Press

HONOLULU. July ia 13-
year-old private who Joined the
Army because he was "too big to
play with boys his own age" prob
ably will be discharged because
his mother told on him.
He says he doesn't want to
leave. And his mother in Tucson,
Ariz.. says that as long as he's
happy in the Army she would
hate to see him leave.
Pvt. Duane George Frecker
gave his age as 10 when he en-
listed April IL at Tucson. He
weighs $50 pounds and stands
feet 10 inches in. his socks. SO
the Army believed him.
The Army says he is IAN excel
lent soldier-but we can't keep
him."
"I like the Army a lot" Pvt
Frecker told q reporter. But II
they won't have me. I'll probably
join the Navy"
First. he says, he will have to
|go home and back to school again
He left the ninth grade to enlist
Meanwhile, the Army is check
ling on his record. He will con-
ltinue training with the 40tl1 Bat
talon ali Schofield Barracks until
lit verifigs his age.
Evening star., 1951-07-19

action was entirely justified under
the escape clause. It is unlikely
that any foundation will be found
for the Czech contention.
One having access only to pub
lished material may be pardoned
for wondering il the Czech parti-
cipation in GAIT has been in
harmony with the objectives OF
the agreement.
Analysis of the various courses
of action that might be available
to carry out the Congressional di-
Irection that Czechoslovakia be de-
MED all trade-agreement benefits
would unduly protract this review.
1t is a large subject In itself. How
ever, two possibilities, both pro-
vided for in GAIT. might be
mentioned.
Two-Thirds Vote Required.
Article % (entitled "Nullifica-
Ition or Impairment") provides
that If the objectives Of the agree
|ment are being impeded. one or
more of the members might be
permitted to suspend some or all
Iof their obligations to the Offend
ing member. Article Is provides
for waiver Of obligations lin ex-
Iceptional circumstances not else
where provided for in this agree
Evening star., 1951-07-19

Iera1 weeks. Finally the Czechs
were oyerruled by the contracting
parties.
Again Voted Down.
AT the Annecy meeting in the
summer of 1949. the United States
proposed negotiations with the
Federal Republic of Germany with
a view to its accession of GAIT
This time the Czechs charged us
with violating the Potsdam agree
Iment. Again they were voted
down.
| In both these cases the Czech.
were obviously following the Mos.
lcow party line.
The third Czech charge of IL.
legality followed our invocation Of
the escape clause to withdraw the
Geneva concession on certain
ladies' hat bodies after the Tariff
lCommission found that imports
were causing serious injury to do
nestle producers. This contro.
versy ragged for several months al
the Torguay meeting last winter
and spring. A special working
1party of several nations was ap.
pointed to review the charges but
its report has not yet been pub
llished. However, an analysis oi
the Tariff Commissions repori
indicates that the United State.
Evening star., 1951-07-19
BY Edwin G. Martin

Believe 1t or not, Czechoslo-
lvakia. which has just jailed
American newsman Bill Oats on
trumped-up spy charges. is one
of our most-favored nations. 1t
says SO right in the General Agree
ment on Tariffs and Trade
l(GATT), negotiated at Geneva,
Switzerland, in 1s47.
Although the Communists have
taken over Czechoslovakia since
the Geneva negotiations and are
pursuing a straight party line In
Imposition to our efforts toward
ipeace, we still accord the Czechs
lau the trade benefits originally
granted at Geneva, with a single
exception. Among those BENEFITS
are savings of from 81 million to
$5 million year in United States
customs duties.
Czechoslovakian rugs. textiles,
glassware, pottery, Jewelry, boots
and shoes, hops and many other
products continue to be imported
at reduced rates Of duty and some
of them continue to cause distress
to American industries. farmers
and labor producing similar goods.
In the recent Trade Agreements
Extension Act of 1851, Congress
has specifically directed the Presi-
dent to take away those benefits
from Russia and all other areas
dominated by the world Com
munist movement. In recognition
Evening star., 1951-07-19
| Farley Called on Troops
Massed on Pakistan Border
BY The Assoeias.d Press

KARACHI, Pakistan, July 19.-
Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan
today summoned the chief min
listers of Pakistan's i've provinces
to discuss the situation arising
out Of the concentration Of Indian
troops on the Pakistan border" I"
Mr.. Liaquat charged Sunday
that 80 per cent Of the Indian
army was concentrated on his
country's borders and constituted
a threat to peace.
India's Prime Minister Nehru
answered yesterday that Indian
troops deployed near Pakistan
were for defense only and were
not o threat to Pakistan or in
ternational peace.
Mr.. Liaquat has already con-
ferred with the provincial gov
ernors and army area command
ers on the situation and has de-
that Mr.. Nehru with
draw Indian troops from the bor-
der areas.
Evening star., 1951-07-19

ST. NV in WoshinstonD c. Opens om to pm dolly
300 18th St NV in Washington D. c. Open 10 TO dolly
ilz5 St Ne at 18th Washington D. G. Fidoy sot til pm
TIA King Street Alexandria veno Open Friday mites Til pm
337 Wilson Blvd Arlington, vmsiniu opsn Friday mites iii
Evening star., 1951-07-19

Miss Carlene Roberts, 1000 Ca
thedral avenue NV. a one-time
secretary in the Oklahoma City
Chamber of Commerce, has been
elected vice president of American
Airlines.
At 81. she became the first
woman to hold such an Office in
the airline industry.
For the last six years, Miss
Roberts has been assistant vice
president in charge of the lines
administrative offices here. She
will remain in Washington.
A graduate of the University o1
Oklahoma. Miss Roberts Joined
American in 1888 as secretary tc
an officer Of the company. A veal
later, she was in charge of the
movement of personnel from
Chicago to New York and in 194s
was appointed assistant to ths
vice Erssident.
Evening star., 1951-07-19
Schocht Goes to Jokorte
AS Indonesiu Counsel
BY the Assoeiated Press

ROME, July 10 Hjalmar
schaci1t, financial wizard of Hit
Ier's Germany, left by air early
yesterday for Jakarta. where he
will study the economic problems
of the young republic of Indo-
nesia.
The German economist has been
invited to Indonesia by its gov
ernment to serve as guest adj
wiser" He had been in North
Italy and Rome on vacation fol
the past several weeks.
Evening star., 1951-07-19
Author Experienced
In All Legal Phases
OF Tariff Treaties

Edwin G. Martin, author of
this article, is the former gen.
eral counsel Of the United
State Tariff Commission
who is now in private practice
here. He had an important
part in the preparation of all
trade agreements and directed
the legal phases of the Tariff
Commissions participation in
the negotiations. He attended
the negotiations at Havana,
Cuba, and Annecy. France.
Evening star., 1951-07-19
Newsmen Unable
To PenefrafeWaH Of
Secrecy al Kaesong
By Robert Eunson
Asseeintsd Press War Correspondent

KAESONG, Korea. July 49,
The most impressive thing about
the cease-f1re conference, when
you go to Kaesong and see for
yourself, is the barrier of secrecy.
Secrecy surrounds every word
spoken inside the unimpressive lit
tie conference room where an ad-
miral and nine generals are trying
to arrange an end to the Korean
war.
Twenty United Nations news
men were on hand In a pouring
rain when negotiations began to-
day.
But they could only guess at
what went on across the green
topped table where Vice Admiral
C. Turner Joy speaks in English
and Gen. Nam II replies in
Korean.
NewSmen Asked to Move.
{ Four times correspondents were
asked to move. They were stand
ing near a wall separating the
meeting house from Handicapped
outside grounds.
/ One member of the United Ma
tions delegation said he was afraid
correspondents would hear what
was being said at the conference.
We could watch delegates come
and go. But we could hear moth
ing. We were told nothing.
The American delegation ar
rived as the rain was pouring
down.
The Chinese and North Koreans
approached in convoy Of jeeps.
Most of the jeeps were Russian.
But two still bore U. S. A. mark
ings.
The Russian jeeps had three
minor collisions, all trying to dis
charge their passengers at the
same time.
Delegates Work in Tent.
Delegates disappeared inside the
chamber. The rain beat down on
the tiled roof.
Twenty minutes later the U. N.
delegates came out rapidly and
went to work in their squad tent.
The clattering of typewriters and
the sound of Admiral joys voice
came through to the outside.
While the U. N. tent was bus
ting with activity. the Commu-
mist delegates had refreshments.
After break of about Is min
utes, the two delegations went
back to work again. And secrecy
was the watchword every mo-
ment.
Outside the conference cham
ber, U. N. and North Korean cor
respondents held cease-fire talks
Of their own.
The thing the North Korean
Reds were most interested IN
finding out was Americas view
point on the withdrawal Of for
eign troops from Korea.
Communist Formula Outlined.
They felt, as we did, that this
was the key question holding up
the agenda.
Young Linn, 31-year-old CORE
spondent of La Dong Shimbun in
Pyongyang, outlined Communist
formula for peace in Korea. He
said:
The peace talks at Kaesong will
be successful:
81. II there is basis for Amer
lean and North Korean co-opera-
ton.
20. II the American Govern
ment and its representatives want
to work sincerely to settle the
Korean war in peace.
"3. If the representatives OF
America want to stop military
operations. the peace talks here
would be the first step toward
peace in Korea.
4. If America will agree to
withdrawal of her troops from
Korea"
He said withdrawal of foreign
troops, as requested by the Reds,
included withdrawal of Chinese
troops, too.
Evening star., 1951-07-19

Iran has an area Of $4,000
square miles and about 100000
people. 1t is one-sixth the size Of
Canada but has 100000 more
people.