davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-04-06

Just as the American National
Red Cross is active on the fight
ing fronts, 1t is also active on
the home front.
A Nations health is vital to its
defense, Miss Dorothy Bovee,
director Of the District chapters
Food and Nutrition Service, thinks.
Military expansion and the ris-
ing costs Of living have thrown
many added burdens ON Miss
Bovee and her workers. It's their
jobs to. help teach school chill
dren proper eating habits and to
help housewives, including the
wives of servicemen, how to beat
high prices.
The Food and Nutrition Serv-
Ices of the Red Cross over the
Nation are having to instruct
workers to prepare for mass feed
ing in case of the bombing of our
cities.
Long-Range Program.
The long-range health program
In schools is really what concerns
Miss Bovee most.
ITO let down the nutrition pro-
gram with children would mean
disaster" she says. I'VE teach
children who are in the formative
stage to prevent future diet
deficiencies.
That means school children are
being taught to make the most
of all types Of food. Should a
disaster come they will be more
self-reliant. IN
To do that Miss Bovee and her
staff prepare exhibits for schools
and even do some claSswork
themselves, but it takes money to
carry on her program.
Tt also takes money to hold
food-cost workshops, where house.
wives on limited budgets can
learn the tricks of buying eco
nomically and cheaper ways OF
preparing and serving foods.
instruction Costs, Too.
And it will take money to in
struct workers for mass feeding
programs. Miss Bovee says the
Red Cross wants all dieticians to
register for the Red Cross mass
feeding courses to become quail
fled teachers.
In the District area alone. Miss
Bovee declared. there will have to
be several thousand trained vol
unteers to work with food in hos
pitfalls should an air attack come.
and several thousand more for
school and shelter feeding.
But the metropolitan Washing
ton Red Cross fund drive has
reached only II per cent of its
$1.3 million quota. That's 10 per
cent behind the figure for this
period last year.
There are only eight more days
left to see that the Red Cross
has gone over Its goal, only eight
more days to support the Red
Cross on the battle fronts and
the home front.
Evening star., 1951-04-06
Officer Gets 16,Monfhs
I'm Payroll EmbezzIing
BY The Associated Press

/ RICHMOND. Va. April 6.-Fed-
Ieral Judge Sterling Hutcheson yes
terday sentenced First 1t. Dom
aid w. Spencer. SO. Fort Eustis
pay officer. to l6 months i'm
|prisonment for embezzling q $12.-
ago pay roll at the Army post jan
|uary 81.
1t. Spencer, who pleaded guilty
said he used part Of the money tc
pay some outstanding bills. gave
some to his wife for her support
and that Of his two children, after
he ran away and then squandered
the rest.
Judge Hutcheson recommended
that the sentence be served at
the Federal penitentiary at Lewis
burg, Pa, after the officer told
him he was disturbed by the fight
ing, quarreling, and "acts of per-
version" which he said went on
among younger inmates at the
| Federal reformatory at Petersburg
where he had been in custody
more than a month awaiting trial
Evening star., 1951-04-06
|Virqinio Heroes Follow Pattern, Book Reveals

DR.. Fishwick. unlike some icono-
elastic historians, does not tear
1.-THE Old Dominion giants limb
from limb while debunking the
myths that surround their lives
And he heroically protects their
modern regulations in his study OF
hero worship in Virginia.
He describes a hero as q mixture
|of fact. myth, hope, and imagi1a-
Ition. They endure. he says. be-
cause they capture the hearts OF
1.-THE people.
DR.. Fisfwick, a native Of Roa-
|noke. began his scrutiny of the
American hero while in graduate
school at Yale University, and
continued it last summer under q
Rockefeller Foundation grant. He
Joined the Washington and Lee
faculty two years ago.
After examining the process by
which John Smith, Daniel Boone,
Evening star., 1951-04-06

George Washington and Robert E
Lee have become leading State
heroes and symbols, he concludes
they are chosen because they
serve real function to modern
|Virginians. He contends they help
hold society together. and per-
|petuate the State traditions and
pride.
There is certain pattern to
the Virginia hero. DR.. Fishwick
asserts. which stresses integrity
rather than brilliance and cour-
age rather than profundity.
''The Virginia hero is In many
ways simple, but he is rock in
|adversity. and he will endure" he
writes.
Evening star., 1951-04-06
Residents Urged 10 Visit
'Ye 0Ide GEORGETOWN Fair

Proclaining April IL. 13 and IA
"Fair Days." the Commissioners
yesterday urged District residents
to help make "Ye Olde George
town Fair" a success by visiting
the old town.
The fair, they pointed out, will
be revival of an 18th Century
custom originating from an act Of
the Maryland Assembly on June s,
1751, which included authority
for the Commissioners to hold a
three-day fair. beginning on the
second Thursday in April.
Merchants and residents of
Georgetown plan to bring out the
historical features for the edifica-
ton of the scholar and the "de-
light of those seeking entertain
ment," they noted.
Because of rain damage. much
of Australia's 1851 wheat will not
be milling quality.
Evening star., 1951-04-06
IVFW to Award ST, 900
lin Prizes at Convention
BY the Assoeiosed Press


+ SALISBURY, Md, April o.
Prizes worth $1,000 will be awarded
lat the annual State convention o1
the Veterans of Foreign Wars al
Ocean City June 1924, the genera
chairman Of the program commit.
Itee said today.
Edward L. Tatum of Salisbury
said many Of the prizes would be
awarded in connection with the
parade and pageant on opening
day. About 1900 members are ex-
'pected to attend. plus $50 dele
gates from the women's auxiliary
, 1951-08-13

SPORTS -.
when the Athletics blasted him
from the mound in the 3rd inning
and went ahead to win 9-5 n the
first game Of their double-header.
Boston:
By identical scores of 6-2, the
Red Sox beat the Senators twice.
The opener saw Ray Scarborough
record his 9th triumph, with the
aid of Vern Stephens 18th homer.
For the Mats Sam Mele clouted a
four Dagger. The loser was Don
johnson. In the nightcap Dom Di
Maggio's 10th homer aided lefty
Bill Wight in recording his 5th
win, while Sid Hudson suffered
his 9th setback. The Bosox are
now 5 games off the pace of the
Indians.
, 1951-08-13
WIFE SHOOTS

stantly.
The Police described tn e
shooting as a result Of passion.
Madame Chevalier acted in a
fit of jealousy and reported
that they knew of no other wo-
man involved.
, 1951-08-13
FOR SALE
l949 WILLYS
WAGON

n 1ON
Excellent condition in and
out. $4,000 miles. Inquire
at the RubaiYat or Robert
Drake. Bonnie Esperance.
Evening star., 1951-05-05
Partial Text of Testimony
Released Last Night

| FOLLOWING is a partial teTt OF
/ testimony released by censor
/ last night
! Senator Lodge-I am just trying
I to establish why in your speech yol
recommended air reconnaissance IL
those four points, and did not rec.
ommend bombing. And / ash
you did you not make that recon.
mendation in that way because thai
was what the Joint Chiefs hac
agreed to, whereas the Joint Chief!
had not agreed to bombing? !!
that correct?
Gen. MacArthur-No, sir. 1t hap.
pened that my views conceded with
those of the Joint Chiefs as they
made them on January 18th.
Senator Lodge-Both as regard.
bombing, and reconnaissance?
Gen. MacArthur-No. These foul
points that I listed conceded with
what the chiefs recommended.
Senator Lodge Do you think
that our Air Force, today, is big
enough to undertake bombing mis-
sionS in the Far East, and at the
same time retain enough power tt
act as deterrent to the Kremlin
by threatening the Soviet war-mak-
ing potential? :.
| Gen. MacArthur-I think that il
is big enough to handle the situa-
tion in the Far East without seri-
Gus detriment to any other program
we have.
Senator Lodge-Do you believe
that effective bombing could be un-
dertaken, against Manchuria with
the planes that are presently de-
tailed to the Far East theater, and
that there were enough planes there
to do the job now?
Gen. MacArthur-I believe we
could be very destructive with what
we have 1t might be necessary
to sWeeten it up a little, but we
could do tremendous damage with
what we have.
Senator Lodge-If the four steps
which you recommended do not
bring the action in Korea to a
successful conclusion, what do you
recommend should be done next?
Would Wait and See.
/ Gen. Macarthur - Senator,
would wait and see I believe ii
would bring it to a successful con-
clusion, however.
Senator Lodge-My recollection is
that in the canvassing of the various
alternatives which we have in re-
gard to Korea, yesterday, you did
not mention withdrawal from Korea
Would you care to comment in the
idea of withdrawing totally from
Korea?
Gen. MacArthur-In the three
possibilities that I outlined, one of
those was to close the war on the
enemy's terms, which would have
meant the abandonment of Korea.
Senator Lodge-You do not favor
that?
Gen. MacArthur-I certainly do
not.
| Senator Lodge-What would hap
peR, with regard to Formosa II
Evening star., 1951-05-05

the immediate commander for
public debate weakens you in the
eyes of the enemy and shows a
division in the ranks?
Gen. MacArthur-I believe there
is certain degree of propriety in
those things of course, Senator.
Senator Kefauver-That is all,
Mr.. Chairman.
Urges Sanctions on Red China.
Chairman-Senator Lodge.
Senator Lodge-Gen. MacAr-
thur. There is only one point
that I would like to have eluci-
dated: Whether you still advo-
cate bombing or only air recon-
naissance of the enemy bases on
the northern bank of the Yalu.
Gen. MacArthur-I would ad-
vocate that the Chinese, the Red
Chinese government, be served
notice that if they continued this
type of predatory attack in North
Korea and refused to consider
terms of an armistice and cease
fire, that after a reasonable period
of time we should exercise such
military sanctions and economic
sanctions as would be necessary to
force him to stop. That would
unqueStionably involve bombing
of the bases on the other side of
the Yalu.
Senator, Lodge-But that pro-
position has not been approved or
disapproved by the Joint Chiefs.
has it?
Gen. MacArthur-I have basic
directives that we shall not bomb
beyond the Yalu.
Senator Lodge-And so when
you were listing your four recon-
mendations. in your speech to the
Congress, you mentioned air re-
connaissance, did you not?
Gen. MacArthur-Yes.
Senator Lodge - Because that
had been approved by the Joint
Chiefs, is that correct?
Gen. Macarthur - The Joint
Chiefs had approved that, yes,
that is in their recommendations
of January 18th.
Evening star., 1951-05-05

force he was aDle 10 geC Oh UIle
continent, is that correct?
Urges Reasonable Support.
Gen. MacArthur-Within ou1
capacity, and other demands that
we have to meet in other areas
I would say, give him reasonable
support. AS matter OF fact, we
are doing so now.
Senator Kefauver-Well, I un-
derstand there is support being
given now, which is primarily for
the defense of Formosa, however
is it not?
Gen. MacArthur-The support
that is being given him now is to
render the troops that he has
capable of fighting.
Senator Kefauver - But, OF
course, it is not contemplated at
the present time that there would
be an amphibious assault upon
China proper?
Gen. MacArthur-The present
directiveS forbid the utlllZatlon OF
the Chinese Nationalist forces out
side of Formosa and. perhaps
some of the outlying islands OF
FormoSa.
Senator Kefauver-One matter
that I heard you testify about
yesterday that I thought for the
record should be clarified. anc
that is that you said that neither
you nor the State Department
nor most of the governments ir
the United Nations. I believe. OF
at least our Government. and Dean
Acheson, Secretary OF State. none
of you felt there was very mucs
likelihood of Red China's comins
into the war in the event tha
fightNk was carried on over tn
Evening star., 1951-05-05

slider in the negotiations the turn
ling over of FormoSa to Communist
China and the admission of Com
munist China into the United Ma.
tionS.
Gen. MacArthur-That is correct,
Senator Northumberland, with
your wide knowledge of conditions
in the Far East-and 1 suppose
there have been few if any Ameri-
cans who have had as broad and
as varied experience in the Far
East as have you-would you be
willing to express your judgment
as to whether or not the strategic
ability of the Republic of China to
maintain itself was jeopardized by
the provisions of the Yalta agree
iment, which gave the Soviet at lea"t
a toehold if not more in Manchu.i ?
Gen. MacArthur-I am not very
familiar with the Yalta conferences
or anything of that sort, but it is
the impression in the Far East
that one of the gravest mistakes
that was ever made was to permit
the Soviet to come down into China
Iat Port Arthur, Darien, and other
places of that sort.
Senator Knowland-Late in 1945,
Gen. Marshall made a trip out to
the Far East as special ambassa-
dor for the President to work with
the government of China relative to
a number of matters.
Could I ask whether or not on his
trip to the Far East he consulted
with you on the matters pertaining
to the Far East prior to his mission
in China?
Gen. MacArthur-Gen. Marshall
passed through Tokyo on his way
to China, and he was my guest
there, but he never discussed in
any way, shape or manner his mis-
sion or China.
Senator Knowland-In 1947 Gen.
Wedemeyer was sent out to the Far
kContinued on Page AS. Col. ~
Evening star., 1951-05-05


that have been made. 1t is re-
sponsibility of the Joint Chiefs ant
other groups here. I have had al
I could do, and perhaps little
more than I could do, to handle
the situation out in the Far East.
Senator LODGE have one more
question, one more point that
want to cover, and that is on the
general question of the relationship
of the military to Congress.
AS I understand your testimony
you wrote your letter to Congress-
man Martin and to other members
of Congress in reply to question!
from them; is that not true?
Gen. MacArthur-That is cor.
rect, sir.
Senator Lodge-Is there not 6
distinction between high-rankins
military men answering questions
of Congress on the one hand, anc
seeking to stimulate action of Con.
greSs on the other?
Gen. MacArthur-Perhaps.
Senator Lodge - You have moi
thought to stimulate action in Con.
gress, have you?
Gen. Macarthur - Never in the
slightest degree. I have never ini.
tiated a letter, as far as I can re-
call, to any Senator or Congress.
man since I have been in the Fal
East.
Senator Knowland-General, be-
fore getting to some of the ques.
tions I have-I noticed in the
morning papers out of Lake Sue.
cess, United Nations, this article by
the United Press. 1t says: '"The
United States today proposed ar
arms embargo against Communist
China so that no soldier in Korea
would be a target of a bullet manu-
factured in the free world. The
plan was outlined in a private meet
ing of the United Nations Sanctions
Cor nittee. and American Delegats
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-06-01

omy. government borrowing from
individual rather than banks to fl
nance any unavoidable deficit, and
increase in savings should be used.
"A strong case can be made for the
indirect controls. They attack the
primary cause. that is, the excess of
buying power over the supply Of
goods. However, they have their
limitations. and, if used alone, are
not likely to prevent some further
rise in prices.
Increased production, for example,
is often prescribed as the supreme
cure for initiation. But. more produc-
ton creates more income which
roughly equals the value of the
added production, so that it does
not close the inflationary gap, aris-
ing from the fact that people are
being paid to produce defense goods
that they cannot buy.
Also, when industry is already
working near capacity, OUTLAWS to
obtain increased production are like
" to be particularly large. since less
efficient plants and workers viii
have to be used. These olrtlays are
income to the people who receive
them. Only an increase in produc-
ton without an increase in outlay
would have an anti-inflationary eff.
feet. An increase in production pei
man-hour with no increase IN pay
would be an example.
Taxes undoubtedly should be
the first line of defense against
initiation. We probably could pay
as we go for all the present
defense program. H wever.
some people say that taxes
should be increased only enough
TO cover the permanent increase
in military expenditures and
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-06-01

going UP. consumers may have
10 TO Is percent more money TO
spend late in 1851 and early in
1852 than they had a year ear
ier with no corresponding in
crease in the supply of civilian
goods and services for sale. This
is the so-called .inflationarY
gap"
The mobilization program may
change, of course. If about war
should come, armament output
would be whipped up to double or
treble the present schedule in the
quickest possible time and the short
age of civilian goods compared with
incomes would be intensified ac-
cordingly. Peace in Korea with no
new war outbreak elsewhere might
take some steam out Of the present
program.
Controls Depend Upon Public
While the present defense pro-
gram will widen the inflationary
gap in the next IL to Is months,
further rise in prices will be ham
pered by both indirect and direct
controls. These have gradually been
imposed over the last eight or ten
months and, if the people really
desire to check initiation, will be
strengthened in months to come.
The methods used will depend part
~ on public demand.
Authority to impose price and
wage ceilings expires June 80. The
administration is asking that this
power be extended and strength
ened. Some farm and business or.
carnations oppose its renewal. The
opponents argue that only the in
direct controls, including increased
production, pay-as-we-go taxes
credit restrictions. government econ
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-06-01
How Much Initiation Is Ahead?
What's to Be Done About 1t?

By GILBERT GUSLER

Every well himself What responsibility
inaionarY the peak Of
passed civilian
indications that the change will
n
expenditures buildings
spending
speculative advocating indirect
abiding ceilings that
which the individual contribute the control
Of initiation.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-06-01

tionary upsurge started by the Ko-
rean war has been a pIeasurab1e ex-
perience The general level of prices
received by farmers is about one
fourth higher than a year ago. The
value of farm inventories Of crops,
livestock and equipment has in
creased correspondingly. Farm real
estate has advanced IA percent.
AS partial offsets to these gains,
farm operating costs have risen
about half as much as prices farmers
are receiving and the purchasing
power of each dollar of their hold
ings Of U. S. savings bonds, bank
deposits and currency, making UP
about one-sixth of total farm assets,
has dropped about 10 percent. Since
1899, the buying power Of the farm
dollar has shrunk about 81 percent.
# you had $4,000 then. you have to
have $4,000 now to have held your
own.
Il does not follow that still
more initiation would be a good
thing for farmers. While they
are in stronger position than
most classes of society during
initiation. farmers get if in the
neck in defIation. The greater
the initiation the worse The de-
flationarY aftermath is likely to
be.
The accompanying chart shows
what happened to prices after pre-
vious mutations. The fact that our
currency is not redeemable in gold
may make the ultimate deflation
less severe this time, but it remains
to be proven that we can have in
flation and escape some painful con-
sequences sooner or later.
The amount of any further rise
in the general level of prices will
depend on CD the ultimate size of
the defense program and (2l the
steps taken to halt its inflationary
effects.
Military Spending
Present plans appear to call fol
military spending of about $50, 00O,.
100000 spread over the next three
years. The rate of spending viii
vary. # the war does. not spread
defense OUTLAWS are likely to riss
gradually to peak while plants
are being built and the armed force
are being equipped and pipeline
filled, then drop gradually to tn
rate required for maintenance an,
level off.
Besides expansion in defens
plants, business men are planning
a large volume Of expenditures 70
new plants and equipment for Pre-
duction of civilian goods. Such cor
struction increases demand for ma
terials and adds to income for s /
10 months before any increase occur
in the output Of goods to lay up th
income.
People much better able to Judg
than this writer expect that oil
total production of goods and sery
ices, civilian and military. will ris
another 8 to 10 percent by the tin
the peak of the mobilization effo
is reached. Military production wi
more than double. while output
civilian goods, especially durab
goods, will decline. Incomes Al
likely to rise more than productic
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1951-06-01

viding original Equipment
should be covered by borrowing.
The method of increasing govern
ment tax revenue is quite important.
It should aim at sopping up the
excess buying power that is causing
the initiation, rather than taking
money that would be saved. Increase
in personal income taxes on the mid
die and lower incomes by raising
rates and lowering exemptions prob
ably would be most effective. but
is politically difficult Increased
sales taxes on Injuries and nones-
sentia1s are desirable.
Higher corporation income taxes
may be inflationary. since, in a pc
Rod Of shortage, the taxes may be
passed on to the consumer, if there
are no ceilings. A general sales tax,
frequently advocated, also may be
inflationary, since consumers think
of it as part of the price and an
element in the cost of living. Thus,
it becomes the basis for demand for
wage increases. An extremely high
excess profits tax also may be in
flationary by encouraging wasteful
spending. Extremely heavy taxes
can destroy incentives to produce
as effectively as faulty price ceilings.
Other Measures Needed
If enough taxes are collected to
balance the budget, it will not be
a bar to some further initiation unless
other measures are used. Initiation
occurred in the last five years in
spite of the fact that, on the aver
age, the budget has been balanced.
To eliminate the inf1ationary effect
of the defense program, the govern
ment probably would have to collect
considerably more cash from the
people than it pays out. but that
would interfere with the incentive
to produce.
Withdrawal of federal reserve sup
port of the government bond mar
ket and the voluntary restriction on
credit, if the banks stick to it, should
prevent further increase in the sup
ply Of spending money through bank
loans.
If banks don't play ball, then leg
iSlation may be needed to give the
federal reserve board power to raise
still higher the percentage of theil
deposits member banks must keeE
with the reserve system. The boarc
has sought authority to prescribe tn,
reserves of nonmember banks but
in the past, congress has refused t,
give it.
If the government does have a
deficit. as Il probably will part
of the time. borrowing from in
/ dividuals is moi inflationarY if il
absorbs money that otherwise
would be spent. Government
borrowing from banks is highly
inflationary. since the banks can
sch the bonds TO the reserve sYs-
tenn &c build up their reserves.
SO that they provide the basis for
an increase of commercial loans
equal TO five or six times the
amount Of the bonds.
In spite of the decline in the pul
chasing power of the dollar, mo-
people still consider U. S. saving
bonds the best place to invest liqui
savings. Nevertheless, sales of the.
bonds have been running below r,