davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-06-21
Dead End in Iran

The collapse of negotiations over the Iranian
oil issue looks from this distance like the handi-
work of men who became so immersed in horse
trading that they forgot about the horse.
At the eleventh hour the representatives of
the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company made what
seems to have been fair offer to the agents
of Trans Premier Mossadegh. But the Iranians
rejected it because, according to them, 1t did
not conform to the letter of the law decreeing
naturalization of the countrys oil resources
The British, meanwhile, were rejecting an IRAN
ian proposal which, on its face at least promised
conversation for the nationalized oil properties,
their position being that this amounted to an
ultimatum in advance of discussion.
The result of all this is that the negotiations
have been broken off. Premier Mossadegh has
directed his government to take "full authority"
over the Anglo-1ranian operations, and the
British negotiators have been ordered home.
What will happen next is in the laps of the
gods The Iranians obviously are not too happy
with the consequences of their actions. They
have backed away from threat to shut the
valves" of the Abadan refinery, the worlds
largest, although that threat had been made
by Premier Mossadegh's rght-hand man. Now
they say that they intend to keep the oil flowing
from the nationalzed installations. and an off,
cial communique suggests that Iran will attempt
to take over the oil fields on gradual basis.
The British have not said what they intend
to do. If they keep their people at work in Iran
the oil that is so important to the economy Of
the West will continue to flow. If they pull out
there is little prospect that the Iranians can
maintain the necessary supply.
What this boils down to is form of mutual
throat-cutting. Without the oil revenues Trans
economy will soon be reduced to a desperate
state. On the other hand, to be cut off from
access to Iranian oil would be a serious blow to
Britain and to other Western European coun-
tries. Perhaps. when national passions have sub
sided and when the consequences of rash acts
can be better appreciated. climate suitable
for compromise will emerge. Although the
British government owns a controlling interest
in the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co., it has kept in the
background during the recent negotiations. It
may be after cooling-off period, that some
new approach can be devised which will lead to
settlement that will be better than the cutoff
your e-to-spte-your-face deadlock with which
both countries are now confronted
Evening star., 1951-06-21
This and That

Even he manages to retain a great deal
of his vigor; his exercise often consists
of no more than good stretch, now
and then, but once outdoors he can run
and leap and climb with the best Of
them.
The house cat is untitled to a certain
degree, though, and is dependent upon
his human friends, and especially upon
the womenfolk The beauty and grace
and the soft fur of this animal make
powerful appeal to the sensibilities of
many women, who through the ages
have taken care of them.
This means that the cats know best
and like best the softer voices, not only
because they are softer, and so fall
easily upon their ears, but also because
such voices represent help.
The male voice strikes harshly, and
reminds them Of dogs And dogs. as all
cats know, are rude fellows that smell
and are likely to bite.
We have known cats to recognize
human voices they have not heard for
10 years.
The animals Immediately got up,
stretched, and then walked over to in
vestigate the speakers.
There could be no doubt, in all these
cases. that the cats knew the voices.
Before those voices were heard, they
remained at their posts, utterly in
different to the entrance Of mere human
beings.
The cat. unlike the dog, is not in
clined to cause fuss every time
human enters. He may be afraid, or
not. but usually he holds his ground.
Evening star., 1951-06-21
Second Layer Communists

On the face or the maCter Inere ooeS noI
appear to be any essential difference between
the activities attributed to the 81 Communists
who have Just been indicted in New York and
the offenses of the II Communist leaders whose
conspiracy conviction was upheld earlier this
month by the Supreme Court
Those who have just felt the impact of the
Smith Act, which makes it criminal offense to
conspire to teach or advocate the violent over
throw of this Government, have been unofhcially
described as the second layer" of the Com
munist Party's off1cialdom. According to At
torney General McGrath and J. Edgar Hoover,
"each of the persons arrested is a prominent
active functonary of the Communist Party" and
"all have been in party work for many years, and
today hold ranking positions in the party ap-
paratus"
> This would seem to bring them we'll within
the scope Of the legal principles enunciated at
the trial of the ii leaders and upheld by the
highest court. Guilt in each case, of course, will
have to be established by the evidence. But If
the Government has the requisite proof 1t Is
doing no more than It's duty in initiating this
action against the second flight Communists.
At the same time, it should be recognized that
there is point beyond which the Government
cannot and should not CO.
The Smith Act does not outlaw the Com
in the party crime. Earlier this year it was
suggested that perhaps as many as $4,000 Com
munist Party workers would be liable to prosecu-
ton under the conspiracy section of the law.
Whether this Is correct again depends upon the
evidence that can be produced, but 1t appears
to say the least to be far-fetched estimate OF
the appropriate scope of the Smith Act.
In the ruling earlier this month"; the Supreme
Courts majority opinion was based squarely on
the proposition that the acts proved against the
II defendants created clear and present danger
of an attempt to overthrow the Government by
force and violence. This is not mere formula
of words that can properly be invoked to shore
up defects of weak case. Any successful prose-
cution under the Smith Act necessarily involves
an interference with rights guaranteed by the
First Amendment, and the courts. in this cir
cumstance, should and undoubtedly will insist
upon substantial proof that the clear and present
danger exists.
1t may well be that the Government will
satisfy the courts this point in its prosecution
of the Second-layer Communists. But the difl-
Guilty of meeting the clear-and- -present-danger
test will increase as the importance of the Com
munist defendants diminisheS, and there will
come a point certainly before anything like
$4,000 people have been sent to jail-at which the
Smith Act cannot be invoked. For that statute,
to repeat does not make it crime to be Com
munist The crime is to conspire to bring about
the conspiracy must be substantial enough to
create that clear and present danger which the
court held to be essential for conviction.
Evening star., 1951-06-21
CHEVY CHASE.

st often have wanted to ask you how
cats recognize human beings.
81 believe it is pretty we'll established
that dogs do so by the sense of smell,
however disconcerting the idea may be
to their human friends.
But how about the cats?
Gas far as my observations go, they
have some other way of telling friends
from foes. Just how they do it, how
ever, have been unable to understand.
"If you will solve this one, will thank
you. yours. D. T. D."
Cats tell their human friends by
recognizing their voices.
The thing is no more puzzling than
that
While it may be the feline population
uses some scenting powers, too, cats
know us by our voices, in the main.
This power depends upon a co-ordina-
ton of mind and ears, and in it's use
they seem better than dogs.
The cat never forgets a human voice.
It may be years since he has heard it,
but the moment it sounds. the animal
pricks up his ears.
This is true both of the kind voice and
the inimical voice.
Cats are used to both, but they have
become more dependent upon kind per-
sons than dogs.
The dog is still a rough one. He has
never been made soft by civilization,
except when he has not been given
enough exercise.
The cat in good family lives in the
lap OF luxury. and suffers accordingly.
Evening star., 1951-06-21
Your Folks, My Folks and We Folks

In his interesting testimony before the Sen
ate subcommittee on District Appropriations,
which is reproduced on this page today in con-
densed form, Budget Officer Fowler made passing
reference to the amount of Federal taxes col
lected in the District of Columbia. Almost every
year. in the interminable debate over the amount
the Federal Government should pay in support
of the American Capital, repetitiouS statements
are made in debate to the effect that "Your folks
and my folks back home have to pay this lump
sum- the implication being that people in Wash
ington contribute nothing to Federal expendi-
lures and very little toward support of the
Federal City.
Earlier this year the Senate's Committee on
Expenditures in the Executive Departments re-
leased a review of the Federal grants-in-aid
programs for the fiscal year 1850. The so-called
lump sum, paid by the Federal Government in
the District appropriation bill, is not grant-in
aid. 1t is considered as a payment in lieu of
taxes, although it is about half what the Federal
real estate tax bill in Washington would amount
to, and represents other obligations, in addition
to the theoretical tax obligation.
In Federal grants the District of Columbia
receives less than all but two of the States, in
proportion to Federal taxes paid. The ratio of
grantS-in-aid received to Federal taxes paid, in
the District is per cent The same ratio in
Delaware is per cent, and in New York (Which
received $147 million in Federal grants it is 2
per cent. All the other States exceed this ratio,
the highest being Mississippi which receives in
Federal grants SO per cent of what it furnishes
in Federal revenue. The Federal taxes paid in
the District exceed Federal taxes paid in any
one of % States, and only one State, Delaware,
receives less (s4628,O0O) from the Federal Gov
ernment than the District ($6,947,000). District
residents contribute heavily as Federal taxpayers
to the lump sum. AS local taxpayers, of course,
Washingtonians carry more than go per cent Of
the load of maintaining the Federal City.
In opposing the House amendment for re-
duction of the lump sum- Representative Howard
Smith of Virginia closed with the statement
"Pay your honest debts. That is all we ask you
to do" That is substantially what Budget Offlcer
Fowler is now asking the Senate to do.
Evening star., 1951-06-21
The Lump Sum as a Federal Ob|iqotion

(The following article is digest
OF a statement made By Mr.. FotUler
to the Senate Subcommittee on Dis
trict Appropriations this ,Deek. He
is addressing himself to the restora-
ton OF the reduction made in the
House on the Federal payn,entJ
Evening star., 1951-06-21
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

By THE HASKIN SERVICE.
@ Please give the dimensions Of the
UN Secretariat Building in New York.
How is it possible for such tall narrow
building TO resist the high wind pres
sure it must encounter? E. E. T.
A. The building is 544 #. high, 287
#. long and only 70 #. wide. It is
braced against wind pressure by the
use of heavier, sturdier steel than is
commonly used in such buildings
@. When did an eclipse Of the sun
stop a war?-J. c. A.
A. The Medes and the Lydians, after
six years of fighting, saw the sun turn
black and day change to night in 5S5
3. C. Terrified. the two armies con-
cluded hasty peace.
@. How many stars are assigned to
each of the general officer ranks OF the
Army?-J. S.
A. Brigadier General star. Major
General stars, Lieutenant General
stars, General stars, General of the
Army-5 stars.
Evening star., 1951-06-21
Questions and Answers

rhe stars readers can get the answer TO
any question of fact by either writing The
NV washington s, D. C.. and inclosng 8 cents
return postage OF pv telephoning ST. 1853.
Evening star., 1951-06-21
Plight of Pensioners

Worried Wifes" letter June IA calls
attention to subject too seldom dis
cussed in the press-the plight of retired
Government employees.
Every one would gladly have Federal
expenses held down If it could be done
on an equitable basis.
The proposed law to increase the
wages Of all Government workers pres
emily employed, we are told. is neces-
sary solely on the grounds of the greatly
increased cost of living. but apparently
nothing is to be done for those retired,
the neediest of all. This does not make
sense. and if it is not discrimination.
then don't know what to call it.
Perhaps the lawmakers in their wis
dom can devise formula whereby the
lowly annuitant can buy the necessities
OF life more cheaply than those now
employed.
Let's be fair to everybody
Annuitant.
Evening star., 1951-06-21
Letters to The Star

Pepndaes may be used letters carry 1ers correct
and addresses All letters subject to condensation
Evening star., 1951-06-21

my friends learn from The Star that
the National Symphony has wisely given
up the attempt. If no arrangement can
be made with the Civil Aeronautics
Board. or whoever has the say, to
compel planes to skirt this zone, ap-
parently an impossibility or it would
have been tried by now, the place should
be abandoned.
James w. Adams.
Evening star., 1951-06-21

expected to make up such loss in reve-
nues by increased taxes.
go Expenses of the District of CO.
lumbia during the past 10 years (the
report was made in 1946) were occa-
stoned by the tremendous expansion of
the Federal Government, with no COM
mensurate increase in the payment by
the Federal Government.
Under the O'Mahoney formula the
Federal payments would have been in
excess of $12 million.
In 1947 the Joint Committee on
Fiscal Affairs had a hearing over
here in the Senate. For Is days we
appeared before that committee and
gave them every table, every bit of in
formation we had. One of the wit
nesses before that committee was Sena-
tor O'Mahoney.
He said this: "At the outset I think
should say think the citizens of
Washington and the people of the
United States are fortunate that a
joint committee has been established
this year to study this problem. I
note by the reports in the public press
that you are going about the task in
q very workmanlike manner. I have
no doubt the result of your labors will
be highly beneficial to all concerned.
My own feeling is that the problem of
governing the District of Columbia and
the City Of Washington is something
far beyond the concern of the people
Of the District itself. because Washing
ton is Federal city.
"It was established by the Consti-
tuition. I need not remind the COM
mittee 1t is Federal city, city for
all the people Of the United States as
the seat of the Federal Government
think that Washington is the great
Evening star., 1951-03-02
| ROOMS WITH. BOARD teont.

1917 RHODE ISLAND AVE. NV
Sgle. and dble,; good home cooking
reasonable. DE. 9645. 5
ARLINGTON-Pvt. home. rm. ant
board. for young man or cple
1873, GALLATIN ST. N.w.-vacanc,
for 2 young ladies; large triple
ON; det. home; 2 meals; HON,
PRIVILEGES, piano. unlim. phone;
excel. transp.; Sl4 wk. GE. 1915
5000 18th N.E.-Near bus: father
and working daughter will consider
sharing entire home. fully equipped
md furn., with = refined WORKING
girls; laundry privils. and maid
Ss oery,ce; IL. $50 ea.; dinner extra. ao
2322 seth ST. N.W.-Lovely singl.
aqomi sp eornes new hM1ase; Ms5 excel meals; su'
1880 COM. AVE AVE. N.w.-dble. rms
avail; clean home atmosphere; gooe
116I HOBART ST. N.w.Mi doubl,
made nm y food twin ds Hsds No very sse4 E44d home
MOTHER will give loving care te
reas.; licensed. Ho. os4e. ~ @s
EMPLOYED MOTHER with 2 or I
children; child care and meals;
S25 10Th ST. N.W.-Attractive dble
loom for : refined gentlemen; de.
licious food. .
1865 WYOMING AVE. N.w.-sev.
eral vacancies; conv. loo, dbles
triples. sgles.. newly decorated. TV
WENDELL TERRACE Large conn.
Portable. warm rms. sgl. dbl triple
Hv. rm.: good food: excel trans: S4S
per mo: mp. 1897 Belmont rd, NV
Evening star., 1951-03-02
RMS. FURk.-Mp. 6 VA.

ARL.-2 furn. studio rms done in
in apt. BLDG, cH. 1854. ~ Ws n
TAK0MA PARK-Suitable for . or
empl. cple,; pvt. entr., twin beds,
phone in rm., bath adj. SH. 0693.
1880 18th ST. N, ARL.-conv. to
Pentagon, Clarendon. Wash. Large
pleasant. room newly dec; S36 mo.
ARL., VA. 1928 1st RID. N.-Nice
room for man, private family. l
Dix BUS 10 min. to Pentagon. CHI.
BETHESDA - Large attractive rm.,
turn, for comfort, plenty heat and
hot water, unlimited phone; S35 mo.
Call OIL. 274S. f
ARLINGTON-Lge. rm. with light
aoos aaousekeeplng e.ao privileges: bus at
ALExANDRIA-Lge, bedrm. with twin
beds. pvt, bath, den; suit. ; men;
.cony Pentagon. TIE. 201O. 3
ARLINGTON-Lge., sunny rm.. daily
maid service. parking .privils.; 10
IN nm saIS Key Bridge gentlemen only.
CHEVY CHASE CIRCLE-Large rm
sen ssmipyts bath; $40 wk. WI. 1895,
BETHESDA - Master bedrm., pvt
bath. lovely home; $50 mo. Conv.
transp. Call OIL. 7640. -
639 26th ST. So Arlington, Va
Pleasant 1st-foor room. private
bath: convenient TO transportation
gentleman. OF. 7641, after 5 pm.
g.
ARLINGTON - Comfortable. sunny
turn. bedroom. next bath: blks
Hot Shoppe and bus. OK. 3715 -
SILVER SPRING-Attrac rm., next
to bath; nice neighborhood gentle
Evening star., 1951-03-02
ROOMS. APTs. TO SHARE

share with an another %h sirl. # s5nss 70 or o9er rpi:
S45: MI. 5000. Ext. 9l9.
YOUNG LADY 25-35 to share !.
sieId PfeFm' ID 1uFnishsd aaaso apt. mr.. Bollin'
WANTED-Neat girl. age 10 to 2s
to share 2-bedrm. apt. mr.. Catholic
University. Rental. S31.70 per mo
UN 00I3 after $50 pm. -3
apt. with another, in Alex; excel
transp; Cal oV; 1856 after Z. =
1-bedrm. apt. with another; twir
beds; kit. privileges; $50 mo. Vic
18th and Col. I'd. NV. Call DU
1919 + ST. NV. Apt. e-eirl, share
Miss MIS- ROTH iS5a Oes * $3.50. ss7 ~S Sefors Eefs
ATTRACTIVE APT. to share with !
GiRI ifRi HestsGn To SHARE Pc kpaR4mrsr aiaS with
waSIf6 aaS!hfF in souSa ea is9;es 59 i
with 2 others, nicely furn. 2-bedrm.
apt. in NV. sec Reas. rent. Cali
ewes. after 9 pm, co. 154O. Il
1si9 10Th ST. N;W.EGeorgetown
DSons R tS sss5s ss5wer 4-rn a ut aRt ey gys
a mo. Call AID. 71l2. -
DEPENDABLE EMPL. GIRL to share
apt. with another. we'll furn, S45
mo-; after weekdays, any tame
Sun, OV. 1896. f
CHRISTIAN BUSINESS WOMAN,
Southener. share with another apt
nr. Dupont Circle; reasonable. DU
COL0RED - NICE GIRL wants to
share her lge. I'M. with another girl.
So IA. l439. 1907 Wader st. NV.
Evening star., 1951-03-02
ROOMS euRhIsHEr-s.s.-s.w

LARGE FRONT BEDRM. for gentle
man. 1881 Pa. ave. Sc.
220 4th ST. S.E.-Lee dble. rm., sgle.
rm.; End f.; kit. privils. FIR. 1891.
CENSUS BUREAU within walking dis
tance; sigle bedrm.; telephone; $50
mo- 1901 Suitland re. Sc. 10.
7ai 18th ST. Sc, near 18th and Pa.
ave --Sgle. rm.; pvt. home; no
drinking; good transportation. Il
1925 N ST. SE.-Beau. rm,; brand
new home; new furn.; semipvt. bath:
qnhm; phone; on busline. LU.
CAPIToL HILL, opp. House ofhce
Bldg. blk. Library Congress-: recently
reoec and attrac. turn. Ii. 3-e9l3
NEAR CAPITOL. 41s New Jersey ave
s.e:-Bedrm. and kit, utils included
S45 monthly. Apply bsmt. 3
SINGLE FRONT ROOM, plenty of hot
water and heat; u blk. to tranSp.
near Navy Yard; unlim. phone. LU
sic G ST. .s.E.-Nicely furn. ige.
sgle., next bath; clean, pvt. home.
FR; 4912, 1-3 or after s. A
MEN ONLY in house. near Navy
Yard: l blk. from Pa. ave Sc. Clean,
new furn.; age 21-45. FIR. 5l11 eve
COMFORTABLE ROOM for gentleman
IN quiet home of adults Call be-
tween $50 and pm. FIR 27a5.
S. E. SECTION-Master bedrm. with
kitchen privileges. LU. 1-6252 3
Evening star., 1951-03-02
ROOMS FURkISHED-N.W.
ALTURAS HOTEL

l5U9 18th STREET NV.
Conveniently located outside rooms
with running water or private bath;
dining room; SI0.50 q week up;
So q day up. HU. GIG.
COLORED-1I13 p ST. N.W.-Lge.
tprn tTaTs room n,env use IS ,o Of kit and lsund
yer, clean house. Do not apply until
MRS. HENSON. HI. HI'Is s75s. Bbo' ASK Ms t0i
CoLoRED-1113 p ST. N.w.-s4-size
furn. room, use of kit. and laund.
rm.; plenty of heat and hot water.
SsSy ASK sf's5 FOR esS &ss gn Hfssos SS|E sai
COLoRED-Neatly furnished room.
suitable for refined young man.
737 Fairmont st. NV. .
COLoRED-Furn. room. All priv
ileges. MI. S214. 3
COLORED - 1880 CoRCORAN ST.
N.W.-Nicely furn., single rm.; near
leees, MI. 1871. "a
COLORED, SINGLE OR TWIN BED
ROOM-Private home; some privils.
reas.; conv. tranSp.; RA. 1l75. .
CoLoRED-LGE. FRONT room. en-
ployed person, woman or man, some
privils. Call after 8. DE. 1854.
CoLoRED-ATTR. FRONT rm., suit
able cple. or sgle. Child considered.
u blk. 14th. Ii. 3-039s.
CoLORED-LOvELY sgle. rm.: $40
mo-; privileges. S22 Princeton pl.
NV. DE. ITO; VI. 4765. 3
COLORED-ISfO VERNON ST., APT.
23-Room neatly furn., conv. to
transp.; privils. DU. S677. 4
CoLoRED-4es NEWTON PL. NV.
Large rm. for 2 employed girls,
cooking privils. Ia. 60O4. -4
C0LORED - 1924 FAIRMONT ST;
cple. 1872 California ST.. couple.
1921 Kalorama I'd; cple. 1742
Swami St; cple. 70 Seaton pl. !:
single. Home privils. Company owned
property. No fee or service charges.
JONES REALTY CO., 2217 14th st.
NV. DU. o656 lis pm.
C0L0RED-ROOM for empl. man.
Sth and NJ NV Conv. transp.; S25
month. MI. 1851.
COLORED-SINGLE RIM. for empl.
person. in a good Christian home
conv. transp. Call co. S6S5. =
CoL0RED-62 BRYANT ST. NV
Double. attractively furn. rm., twin
beds. next to bath; / or , men, >
ladies or couple. All privils. Reas,
Conv. transp. Call AT. 1928 =
Evening star., 1951-03-02
ROOMS. HOUSEKEEPING

ARLINGToN-Nicely furn. rm., gas
range. share refrgr.. bath; cple. OF
woman. GIL. 1900. 4
SINGLE RM.; empl. lady. pvt. home,
hot plate, laundry privils;;. 50 wk
coNS AM lsth aNn st wnGnIFv nU; RA ooS4 90 4
ssle., for congenial employed; y' o0eGy conv
La bus; no heavy drinking allowed
use of kit, TV and Bendix. Cal
23Is goth ST. N.w.-Lge. studio fol-
light housekeeping; Conn. bus. Mt
15.4 @s PARK ri ''RT RD. N.w.-L.h.k. rm.
adult; s45 mo. AD. $500. ~
refgr:; cooking privileges. Nr. l4tf
,asi snd PeGstpT 2 TsInSr g4 "a. 3 s5J2. j - -.
ssemipyt., bath, shower, hot plate
9nens' IN ms rh dishes aast and silver; twin beds
1900 BLADENSBURG RD. N.E.-Lge
home: parking fac. LA. 6-4491. -:
60i G S.E.-L.h.k. rm., sink, stove
refgr.; dbl, $3.50 wk.: sgle. s10.5t
week; DU; 1882 II. 7-6046. -
$3.50 ss's6.ss aNn pr SWsHi week; Pa. ha ave- kMn mr.
Wash. Circle; empl. cpls only; chile
infant to 5 years; will care fol
children while mothers work. ST
1852. 3
2I47 F ST. N.w.-Bsmt. studio rm
refgr.. radio or TV, shower, 2 or
persons. EX. 0653. -
1919 l. ST. N.W.-Basement, partl,
furn.. to couple with small child
Woman able to do some hour
housework to help pay rent. -
1910 p ST. NW.-"The Churchill
efficiency apt; bed-liv. rm., Kitchen.
cite. adj; bath: maid service; linens
$50 week. NO. 1858. -
SHEPHERD AND 1th-Pleasant. new
" dec. cor. dble Ink. rm.: refer
laund;; ladies, S45 mo-; one, S35
ia 5000 a
COLoRED-LIGHT HOUSEKEEPING
bsmt, rm., front. entr. good transp.
COL0RED-1sO3 NEW JERSEY AVE
N.W.-To refined employed couple
references: S45 per month. .