Evening star., 1951-06-04
Social Revolution
Gained Strenqth'

Secretary AcheSon-Gen. Mac
Arthur has spoken to you about
: the depth and strength of this
E social revolution.
1t grew out of similar expert
: ence in almost all wars, that as
! the governments concerned have
| to make tremendous efforts, as, in
some areas. the controls of gov
. Iernment become weakened. and
! promises are made, people move
] forward in social economic ways,
lat least they move forward in
acquiring new social and economic
!, rights; and this was going on in
. China, in the age-long battle be-
tween the peasants and the land
lords.
The peasants had made ad-
Ivances and there was a new idea
of profound Importance. -.
i The Communists controlled an
;Iarea containing 116 million peo-
pie. which was one-fourth of the
population of China. The geo.
graphical area was Is per cent of
! the country we call China, ex-
elusive of Manchuria.
/ This area included in it some
of the most heavily populated
/ areas of China, the area which
= had most of the railway COM
2 munications, important industrial
/ developments and important cit
lies.
Manchuria. except in wholly
nominal way, and then only fol
period of two or three years
part of '28, '29, 80 and part OF
81, had never been in any way
: under the control of the present
Nationalist government of China
and, until his death in 1927 OF
%, the old marshal had beer
the war lord of Manchuria ano
= controlled 1t absolutely.
I Adherence Was Nominal.
Upon his death, the young
+ marshal took over his authority
and in 1928 after Chang Kai-shek
, had taken Peking and defeated
: the Communists and the northern
q war lords, the young marshal an.
nounced his adherence to the Ma
tional government. That was q
pretty nominal adherence.
1t meant that he recognized the
government of Chang Kai-shek
; as the National government OF
China. but the administration in
J: MN,churia did not change, and
4 he continued to exercise the au'
: thority.
: In 1881 the japanese invaded
Manchuria and set up theil
: puppet state, and all Chinese au.
I. thority disappeared from Man.
). churia. I mention this to poin
: out to you that the National gov.
IS ernment had no roots of any sort
I. in Manchuria.
" When we come to North China
" we find that in 1927 the struggle
# between the left wing of the Kuo
IL mintang Party, which was estab
h lished at Hangkov and the righ
Y. wing of the party under Chian
y Kai-shek came to a head. TIL
t Chang Kai-shek forces won, tn
= Russians, Borodin who was thel
i, advising the Government, had tt
: flee from China, and in 1872
q Chang Kai-shek moved into Pc
) king and there announced the of
o fetal unification of China. Tha
I: e was in 1928.
The battle with the Communist
!; which began in 1927 in open war
:. fare continued until '36, and il
E the period of "a and '35 the Com
lie munistS were forced to make thei
9 9 long march from the southeastern
I. portion of China to the north
= western portion of China. Their
d. they established themselves in tn
: period '34-'35.
t; japanese Moved North.
"" In the meantime, however. tn
r; japanese who were in Manchuri
q a. were moving into North China
and in 1885 the japanese under
r. r took to set UP another puppe
ae state in North China which woul
o comprise the five northern prov
s. linces of China and at that tim
:" they had sufficient physical con
y, troll of the area to do that.
d d point all of this out to max
- clear to you again that in Mort
ne ne China the authority of Chan
= Kai-shek's government, which wa
y established in 1928, had been
livery large part eliminated by 1873
and instead of his governmer
d; having power in North Chin;