davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-06-10

ton she would run into a certain
amount of tradition and history" "
She becomes head of the WAF'
as it enters a period of vast ex-
pansion. From a corps Of some
5000 enlisted women and officers
1t will match the Air Forces own
expansion, multiplying its peace
time strength several times.
In spite Of her Southern-sound-
ing Christian names, Col. Shelly
lis a native of Grand Rapids,
Mich, where her father was in
the furniture business. She was
the youngest of four children. and
from childhood was determined
to get into education work.
After the normal preliminaries
lin public schools, she attended a
small private normal school, then
majored in English literature al
the University Of Oregon.
Socially she was a Kappa
Kappa Gamma and scholastically
a Phi Beta Kappa. which is in
teresting in view of the fact that
her early school life had beer
dogged by Indifferent ability ir
mathematics. She stayed on al
Eugene for a couple of years after
graduation, working in the deans
Office and in the physical educa.
ton department.
She picked up her masters de.
gree in education at Teachers
College, Columbia University, anc
started to work on her doctors
ldegree-which she has never hae
time to complete.
/ Later she went on to the Uni
|versity Of Chicago, as an assistan
to the dean of students. The.
'ihad a particular problem ther
Evening star., 1951-06-10

The Nations new No. f1y-girl
prefers boats, trains, automobiles
or walking.
Il explained to them about it" !"
confessed WAF Col.-to-be Mary
10 Shelly, land they were most
understanding. The smaller the
plane, the more I freeze. But,
fortunately, my job is an admin
istrator's. OF course, I do fly
when it's necessary"
Like every other volunteer and
draftee on the eve of induction,
the incoming director of the wom-
en- in the Air Force is spending her
final civilian days winding up her
civilian responsibilities and max
ling preparations-r11ostly by shop
lping-for her military life.
A blue uniform is not strange
Ito hers however. She was one OF
the dozen hand-picked WAVE Of
Ificers created when that branch
of the Navy was launched in 1912
and served until half of the female
gobs were demobilized after the
war.
| Coreer as Educator
She's a good-looking blonc
of 40, friendly and informal, who
looks on her new job as head o1
the distaff arm Of the United
States Air Force as another ster
in a long career as an educator.
Interviewed in New York be.
tween engagements. Col. Shel.
ly had just come from a WAF'
required eye examination.
II took" she explained, "a jet
pilots examination for a bifoca
desk job. It wasn't too bad.
don't need glasses except for deSl
work, anyway" ...
She succeeds Col. Geraldin,
IP. May, whose resignation for per
sonal reasons becomes effectivI
June II. She approaches her nev
task with what would seem to b.
an ideal background-long expe
Irience in teaching young womel
and in administrative work.
II don't think that a militar.
career for women is much differ
ent from a business career in ci
william life." she explained. II
makes real demands upon the in
Idividual; 1t provides security. ant
lit offers opportunities for ad
vancement."
True enough. Col. Shelly con
Iceded. a certain amount of dis
|cipline is required in militar
service.
"But a girl would find an equa
amount Of discipline required
she were placed in the trainin
squad Of q department store, an
in almost any business organiza
Evening star., 1951-06-10
The WAFs New Leader Just Hates to Fly

she was hired to cope with: Presi-
dent Robert Hutchins had abol-
ished physical education as a re-
quired course, and a beautiful
physical education building, COM
plete with social halls and recrea-
ton facilities, was falling into
disuse. Col. Shelly, then and now
q firm believer in the uses of
physical education -- which in
|cludes coed social dancing, bad
|minton, bowling and tennis as
well as non-co-ed hockey-re-
stored the building to popularity.
On Leove Now
Two years later her progressive
education interests led her to
Vermont's' Bennington College
summer school. Before long she
went to Bennington as president
Robert Leigh's assistant, from
which job she now is on leave of
absence.
Miss Shelly entered the WAVES
as a lieutenant in 1912 and re-
tired into the Reserve five years
later as q full commander. Her
return to the service as head
WAF will give her a one-step pro-
motion. Her wartime assign
ment was that Of training officer,
in charge of some 80 training
units in the United States. Per-
haps her most interesting job was
the postwar task of demilitarizing
the legion of girl middies.
cit was sort of like putting the
lgirls in a decomposition chamber
so they wouldn't get the bends, :"
she said. I'VE had spent a long
time getting them to call floors
decks and to say AYE. aye, sir.
Then, before we turned them out
into civilian life, we took on the
job of making civilians out Of
them again. 1t was only fair"
Col. Shelly quite logically says
she can't say anything much
about the WAF because she
doesn't know much about it-yet.
She does know that now that
women are here to stay in the
military services. career in the
armed forces Is something every
girl seeking job should take into
consideration.
"It has many advantages" she
says. "One of the things we must
do is get people to accept girls in
uniform as the rule. rather than
the exception"
She went off to another ap-
Ipointment-with a military tailor.
1--WE got to find couple Of uni
forms to wear right away in
washington next week." she ex-
lplained.
distributed BY the Associated Press)
Evening star., 1951-06-10

and is rain. II it's cold. snow
falls.
Dry ice is scattered from
planes, or they are used to trail
out silver iodide into the atmos-
phere. Much of the seeding is
done by using boxlike affairs
called ground generators. Coke
saturated with silver iodide is
burned in them. When the coke
gets hot enough the silver iodide
forms a gas. Ralnmakers say
it has about the same gravity
as dust specks and rises into
the clouds about the same way.
There is controversy in scien-
tific circles about the value Of
rainmaking efforts. The atti-
tude of the Federal Weather
Bureau is. more or less, that
so far there Is no proof of
seeding actually increasing
rain.
No one challenges the fact
that General Electric scientists
did make it snow by using dry
ice in laboratory tests and on
localized clouds in 1916. But
Evening star., 1951-06-10
Singer Patented
Iron NeedIewomun'
A Century Ago
By cynthio Lowry

On a summers day in 1851. an
lex-actor and machinist named
Isaac Singer received some pat
Ients, formed a manufacturing
company and thereby opened a
door through which women
streamed into the world beyond
their thresholds. l-
Singer manufactured sewing
machines, then more frequently
called iron needlewomen." He
and his competitors did more than
revolutionize woman's lot by free
ing her from the drudgery Of end
less sewing. They laid a cornerstone
for the huge ready-made garment
industry which, in the United
States alone, is an $11} billion-a-
year operation.
Singers company also developed
"a device called ''installmant-plan
buying" and instituted the trade
In allowance" All in all, the cen
tennial of the patenting Of the
first practical sewing machine is
a fine time for thought on the
wonders of invention.
The industrial revolution was in
full swing when Singer came up
with his idea. The Flying Shuttle,
the Spinning Jenny and the Cot
ton Gin were replacing hand labor
in manufacture. But there was
one bottleneck in this textile field.
Mankind still relied largely on the
flying fingers of womankind to
make its clothes. At best, human
hands could run off 40 stitches a
minute. Singers experimental
machine tipped off $50 at one clip,
and soon he was turning out mech
|anisms with cleaning needles
which chewed in and out of cloth
at 1000 and more times every so
seconds.
WeisenthoI Invented IL -
Singer, did not invent the sewing
machine. He improved on it and
made it practical. In 1755,
Charles Weisenthal whipped up
a contraption using needle with
two sharp points and an eye in
the center. Thomas Saint, an
Englishman, invented a stitching
machine to work on leather in
1870. Barthelemy Thimmonier, a
French tailor, invented a wooden
machine and had 80 of them
working on army uniforms in 1841
when frightened competitors
smashed them in the belief the
things might ruin their liveli-
hoods.
Walter Hunt, the New York
genius who invented the safety
pin, the snow plow and the paper
collar, came up with a sewing
machine in the early 1830s. His
l15-year-old daughter discouraged
Evening star., 1951-06-10

him from patenting the idea-on
the grounds it would put thou
sands OF overworked, eyestrained
seamstresses out of work.
Ten years later Elias Howe, jr..
constructed and patented a lock-
stitch machine, but never could
round up enough funds or faith to
promote 1t successfully.
Howe, however. had gone fur
ther in the right direction than
the others who had attempted to
produce a machine which would
duplicate the intricate hand mo-
tions required to make stitch.
Howe ignored human sewing tech
niques, using two threads with a
shuttle and needle. The major
drawback was the necessity OF
feeding material into the machine
vertically with the aid of a mate
rial-holder, much the way baloney
is braced in a delicatessen meat
Slicer today,
Evening star., 1951-06-10
The Machine That Gave Women Their Freedom
Company Devised
InstoIIment Plan,
Trude-ln Allowance

holders sued each other with
abandon, each charging the others
had violated patents. After pro-
longed and costly litigation, the
young industry's leaders formed
the sewing machine combination
the Nations first patent pool
Manufacture was licensed at SIS a
machine, with Howe, and Singer
receiving more of the royalties
than the others. The combination
continued to operate until 1877
when the patents expired.
What the sewing machine die
for women Of the 18th century is
almost immeasurable. Up to the
time the industrial revolution
started, the only At occupation fol
"a woman was considered to bs
matrimony. It was q rather sim.
ple world. with labor sharply anc
traditionally divided. Man pro.
vided the raw materials and thu
refining tools. Woman contrib.
uted the labor and skills to turr
them into usable articles. Mar
made the pots and pans, chopped
the wood, cared for the animals
raised the food, milled the grain
Woman cooked, baked, spun
churned and brewed-and sht
sewed and sewed and sewed.
History's Course Chonged
The freedom of women from thu
tyranny of the thimble literally
changed the course of history
Women used their new-founc
leisure to contemplate the socia
and political scene. This lee
them directly to the vote. The.
also streamed into the labol
martS of the world in increasing
numbers.
The envisioned bugbear-tech
nological employment caused b!
the new-fangled machine-neve,
materialized. Instead. new thou
sands Of jobs were created. Whole
new areas of employment opened
up; new industries sprang int
life.
The sewing machine is as ubiq
uitouS as sin. The machines op
crate in mud huts of darkest Afri
ca and in igloos beyond the Arc
tic Circle. Specially built ma
chimes catch together gossame1
nylon threads to make the sheer
est hosiery. Others dig through
inches Of tough materials to pro
vide equipment for heavy industry
Millions of men and womel
have furniture. automobiles
babies, clothing. television sets
dentures and eyeglasses on tn
installment plan. Trade-in allow
ances are normal procedure.
And even home sewing, after
long temporary decline, now
more popular than it has been il
decades!
Distributed by the Associated Press.)
Evening star., 1951-06-10
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. c.
SUNDAY, TO-
Falls Church Goes to Polls
Bitter Division Marks Prediction
Campaigning in Young Virginia City
By Mary Lou Werner

The Falls Church municipal election Tuesday will end the
bttere local political campaign that the c residents recall
There Is candidates for the council candidates
for city atorney-and referendum proposed
issue for schools and streets With minor exceptions the and
candidates divided in distinct Candidates for each
side appeared at public meetings issued statements
through press aen with literature
The major summarized here:
Evening star., 1951-06-10
Turned Ii Sideways

Singer ssaw an imitation OF
Howe's machine. He quickly as
sessed the mistakes in its construc-
ton and, with $40 in borrowed
capital, went to work on his own
Evening star., 1951-12-15
By Robert J. Lewis
Reel Esicfe Editor Of The Stor

Some houses rely for dec
oratiye value on window boxes,
climbing ivy or classic architec-
tural treatment.
Others emphasize textures,
colors and materials in attempt
ing to gain a pleasing effect.
Still others reject the idea of
conventional patterns-rather
vehemently, it may sometimes
Seem-and seek to create a
kind of exterior harmony not
dependent for inspiration on
fashions of the present or of the
past.
The house discussed today
was designed by a group headed
by Walter Gropius, chairman of
Harvard University's School of
Architecture and one of the
worlds most famous architects.
1t is one OF two adjacent
houses on Chain Bridge road
NV. designed by the Gropius-
established Architects Col
laborative Of Cambridge, Mass.
The other house will be dis
cussed in later issue of this
section of The Star.
Has Four Levels.
Today's house has four levels
and is owned by Mr.. and Mrs.
John w. Hechinger. It is To-
Gated at 1888 Chain Bridge road
on a 75-by-250-foot lot. It con-
tains about 5000 square feet of
space. including four bedrooms,
a maids room, a study that
converts into guest room, two
full bathrooms, a lavatory and
the maids bathroom.
Evening star., 1951-12-15
Military Housing Body
Under Coogan Won't
Engage in Building
by A. C. Chinn.

The Defense Departments
Armed Forces Housing Agency,
put into operation this week
with appointment of Thomas P.
Coogan as director, will have
broad advisory and policy powers
but won't engage in building &C
tivity, a spokesman said today.
Mr.. Coogan. a Floridian and
former president of the National
Association of Home Builders,
will also head a Family Housing
Council within the agency, con-
sisting of representatives from
each of the armed services.
The bureau will have respon-
sibilities in the field of military
family housing in the so-called
zone of the interior, as we'll as
overseas. AS outlined by spokes-
man, the agency will be charged
with developing standards for
housing construction applicable
to all services. and with co-ordi-
(See HOUSING. Page BAY
Evening star., 1951-12-15

(See HOUSING, Page BAD
Evening star., 1951-12-15

(See LEWIS. Page B-6.)
Evening star., 1951-12-15

steep slope of the lots and their
wooded character combined to
influence the orientation, eleva-
ton and floor plans, he said.
Cubes and Rectangles.
The design of the Hechinger
house relies largely for its ex-
terror appearance on a frank
arrangement of cubes and rec
tangles.
Essentially, the house is COM
posed of cubes and rectangles
arranged in such a way as we
thought were harmonious" Mr..
Mcmillan said.
He said he considered that the
composition Of cubes was so
worked out that shadows cast by
the sun suggested the overall
Evening star., 1951-12-15

impression of an abstract paint
ing.
AS with most modern houses,
the living side faces the garden.
The Hechinger house is entered
from Chain Bridge road on the
third level. On this level are the
dining room, study, kitchen,
lavatory and entrance hall.
Four steps below is the large
living room, off of which is a
large sun deck overlooking the
garden.
A full story below the en-
trance level are the recreation
room, heater room, laundry,
maids room, storage room and
garden tool storage area.
A fun story above the en-
Evening star., 1951-12-15
Gropius-D Designed House Is Composition in Cubes

Other space includes q 28-by-
16-foot living room, dining room,
kitchen, a large outdoor sun
deck, recreation room, heater
room, laundry room and plenti-
full storage space, plus entry
hall, covered porch and terrace.
The member of Architects
Collaborative who was in i'm
mediate charge of the design was
Robert S. Mcmillan of Cam
bridge.
He said today the two adja-
cent houses were designed in
line with the owners wishes to
be able to live near one another
in homes of contemporary de-
sign and yet have privacy. The
relative narrowness of the lots
for the size of the houses, the
Evening star., 1951-12-15

polished oak boards having 10
inch deep treads and no risers.
Exterior materials are of red
wood and of brick painted
white, with part of the frame
section Of the house painted
gray. The roof is fiat and of the
built-in type.
Interior walls are plastered,
except for an exposed brick
fireplace wall in the living room,
an exposed-brick wall in the
entrance hall (both painted
white), a walnut-paneled wall
in the living room, a wall Of the
Evening star., 1951-12-15

trance level are four bedrooms
and two baths.
Owing to the slope-down Of
the lot from the street side. the
lowest level opens on grade at
the garden side.
The dining area is not only
separated from the living room
by a difference in level but also
by a walnut railing supported
by metal balusters. painted
white.
Open Stairway.
The stairway to the upper
floor is open. Steps are of
Evening star., 1951-12-15

dining area paneled in walnut,
and one birch-paneled kitchen
wall.
OF the plastered walls, those
in the upstairs hall, the lava
tory and three bedrooms are
papered. while others are
painted.
Floors are of rubber tile, ex-
(See LEWIS Page RAY
Valley frontiersman., 1951-11-15
Letters to the Editor

be timed to see the various schools not later than Commence ment time in 1852.
 Southeastern Alaska has long planned for University, and had organized University Course of study before the Agricultural College and School of Mines was built. Had not James Wicker sham introduced a Bill in Con- gress to create an Agricultural College and School of Mines and to set aside 4 sections of land for College and Experiment Stations, which came under the provision of the Land Grant for such an in- stitution, Southeastern Alaska would probably have had Uni- versity long ago.
 The Territorial Legislature was reluctant to provide any funds for such institutions until it was demonstrated that the Panama Valley was very we'll adapted for farming, and there was need of a school of mines at Fairbanks. The Matanuska Valley was only an unknown wilderness.
 ing Judge James Wickersham's Bill for an Agricultural College
Valley frontiersman., 1951-11-15
HATS OFF,!

many the Valley who grow good crops of Many others dairy growing quality orage keep them weed high production
 This week we'd like o to family that kidSto the and children them; Our hats off to the Harold Dnke family
 And while hats off, perhaps salute for the All clubs all the country for the leaders who ~ their time and
 Next week Joyce Chicago National All Club Congress Territorial program The award noteworthy individual triumph through the other Valley What makes this outstanding the fourth of Dnkel children
  947 brother Don 1850 Two Dnke Gene Audrey also enthusiastic 4-Hers.
 Maryou Lashbroo director pointed last summer that the children who these whose take active interest them That Dnkes stood behind the Most mothers of children would take the added All leadership year. not Mrs Dnke For 2 she has entered into Valley All with found time mother children along All field alone children community responsibility From her willing service the implications citizenship country They from their father He taught and allows them the sasacons of accomplishment On top 44-hour weekly keeping his helped the Boy Scout program in his community.
 This week her Chicago Don his sophomore at the University of Minnesota earned scholarship high making
  The Dnkels quite proud believe they have right to feel that way
 off them and all the other parents Valley who demonstrate appreciation of Youth Aaska most
Valley frontiersman., 1951-11-15
November 10, 1851

November 10, 1851
 We wish to compliment the Board of Regents of the Univer-: sity of Alaska on it's Community College plans for the cities and communities now faced with the problem of higher education. I believe this is the first compre- hensive plan undertaken by this Board, and it is our hope that the Board itself should visit in a body the several regions in AL aska now faced by the need of more schools, high schools, Junior Colleges, Trade Schools, Colleges and Universities.
 Such visit would be helpful to our Territorial Board of Edu- cation, Commissioner of Educa- ton, and Laymen-Superintend- ents and principals of schools.
 Such a body could visit all AL aska and become acquainted with school problems and with the people of Alaska, and enable them to better administer their respective departments of our Ed ucational system.
 Such a visit would require a ten day trip by plane, and should
Valley frontiersman., 1951-11-15

intensive farming and permanent settlement. Here we need the Az ricultural School. There are now residing in the Matanuska Valley well qualified men to staff an Az ricultural College, that would be able to give part time service in teaching along with their ser vices in research work in Agri- culture.
 We have a large percent of the school population of the whole territory within ready access to Palmer, 52 Grade A dairy farm CTS who would take 2-year Dairy short courses, and a 100 or more high school graduates who would take courses in agriculture. home economics, aviation, and subjects in grades 13 and IA of fered in Junior Colleges, which would be combined with a regu- lar College. We have a potential five to eight million dollar farm crop, and two to three million dollars in mining pay roll, besides the growing fishing population which operates the Alaskan can neries and fisheries.
 To the above potentials we pre- sent our growing Tourist Trade and the great power development in Alaska.
 We ask for branch Univer-