davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-08-20

Congress to declare war has beer
Ibypassed.
Recognizing the unique nature
lof the collective-security action
of the United Nations. it is never
theless our opinion that the Ko-
|rean War should not be allowed to
establish precedent.
It Is true that there was popu-
lar approval for the Intervention
|of United States forces in Ko-
|rea. 1t is also true, however, that
this approval was, In measure
based upon the logical assumption
that proper military plans ano
estimates were in existence. II
was further assumed by most peo-
|ple that we were in a state oi
readiness to carry out whatever
military objectives were assigned
to our Armed Forces by our ad-
|ministration leaders.
Consultation after commitment
as was the case in the Korean in
|tervention is not in accordance
with American constitutional pro-
|cedures.
8. Cessation of hostilities, based
upon restoration Of the status
quo at the 38th Parallel will
be a victory for aggression.
II truce is negotiated. based
upon the restoration of the status
quo st the 38th Parable, the
Communists will remain in
control of the northern half of
the country, and the objectives of
the United Nations will not have
been fulfilled. We should be on our
guard against any Munich-like
|respites which are only surrenders
In disguise and which make the
ultimate reckoning infinitely more
costly.
The aggressor. of course, has
Evening star., 1951-08-20

any time that those who have
served America should be SO
lightly considered and SO abruptly
dismissed"
Three Other Factors Cited.
Senator Saltonstall also said the
hearings emphasized "a the ne
cessity of maintaining Formosa in
free hands; (2) the impossibility
of permitting Communist China
"to shoot her way" into the United
Nations, and CD putting OH in
definitely the recognition of Com
munist China by the United
States
One of the two other Republican
members of the joint Armed Serv-
ices and Foreign Relations Com
mittee that made the inveStiga-
tion-Senator Morse of Oregon
assailed the report of his fellow
Republicans as partisan and
biased" In a statement issued
Saturday night. he said he was
satisfied that time would prove
that "even as a bit of political
strategy they are making a great
mistake"
The other Republican member
Senator Tobey Of New Hamp-
IShire-iS i'll at his home.
While the eight Republicans did
not specifically approve Gen. Mac
Arthur's program for ending the
Korean war by bombing Chinese
bases in Manchuria, naval
blockade Of the China mainland,
and other steps. they said:
If truce Is negotiated, based
upon the restoration of the status
quo at the 38th Parallel, the Com
munists will remain in control of
the northern half Of the country,
and the objectives Of the United
Nations will not have been full
filled"
See Victory For Reds.
They added that any settlement
at the 38th Parallel would be "a
Communist victory" and added:
Gen. Macarthur had driven
the North Koreans to the Yalu
and had victory within his grasp
when this new and formidable
enemy entered the field. To make
a settlement south of the Yalu
therefore is to admit the success
of the Chinese aggressors."
Administration officials and
Gen. Ridgway, who succeeded
Gen. Macarthur. have emphasized
that the United Ma
tions will not agree to a truce
with the 38th Parallel as the di-
viding line. They have been in
Sisting during the negotiations
with the Communists on a truce
period dividing line along the
present battle front with the ques-
ton of unifying Korea to be taken
up later. The present battle line
lis north of the 38th Parallel, the
old dividing line between North
and South Korea, but still far
south of the Yalu River boundary
with Manchuria.
During the Macarthur hear
Iings, Secretary Acheson testified
that a truce somewhere in the
vicinity of the 38th Parallel would
satisfy the U. N. military ohjec-
Itives in Korea of putting down
aggression and restoring peace.
The unification <of Korea, he
pointed out, was a political objec-
tive to be worked out later.
For the most part. the Repub-
lican views closely paralleled those
presented during the investigation
by Gen. Macarthur and other wit
nesses unfavorable to the admin
istraton's program for waging the
Korean war.
Go Back To Yalta Pact.
They went back to the 1945
Yalta agreement signed by the
late President Roosevelt, former
Prime Minister Churchill of Great
Britain and Premier Josef Stain
to trace what they described as a
postwar American foreign policy
based ION expediency rather than
the principles Of liberty and JUS
tice."
Evening star., 1951-08-20

IT'S NO SECRET NOW-Mss Marlyn Buferd America Of
S46 smiles at her husband Francesca Barbara Italian
agent their small automobile in revealing
they had been married since last spring. Angeles
now an Italian actress explained that she
band had kept the Roman nuptals a precauton
against publicity that might hamper their separate
careers -AP WrephOtO
Evening star., 1951-08-20

zen. MaCA"CnuT.
At the outset, Gen. Bradley re-
fused to diyulge conversations
with the President, or to enumer-
ate persons whom the President
consulted relative to Gen. Mac.
Arthur's recall. Under examina-
ton by Senator Wiley, Gen. Brad
ley indicated that President Tru-
man had not, however, requested
Gen. Bradley to maintain such
matters confidential. Thus, Gen
Bradley on his own initiative re-
fused to give the details and woulc
only give the conclusions of the
talks.
When Senator Wiley made q
motion to require Gen. Bradley
to divulge the actual conversa-
tions the chairman ruled against
him and the committee upheld
Gen. Bradley's refusal to talk
Subsequent witnesses also refused
to give the details of what went
on in the White House confer
ences.
Civilian Influence Unknown"
| In any event. no evidence was
presented to prove that any o1
the military had been responsible
for initiating the action for Gen
MacArthur's dismissal. Lastly, il
should be noted that the commit.
tee still remains in the dark as tt
precisely what civilian influence,
were instrumental in the custer oi
Gen. Macarthur.
j 4. Our Armed Forces hav,
acquitted themselves with gallan
TRY.
! In the midst of the sober refiec'
ltions provoked by much that tn,
inquiry has brought forth, we d.
not forget that in one respect th'
national honor has been nobly up
held: Our Armed Forces-land
'sestend air-have acquitted them
Evening star., 1951-08-20

Europe, Tor Other reasons, was AT
Immediate concomitant and the
Ipreoccupation with the European
war meant that minimum re-
sources of men and materiel could
be devoted to the Pacific con-
f1ict. With this minimum, the
Armed Forces Of the United States
land, sea and air-raised the
far-eastern prestige of America
to a height never before attained
Forswearfng all idea Of conquest
with the promise of Philippine in
dependence fulfilled, Americans
could Justly say that the reputa-
tion of their country in the Far
East was at its zenith.
Then. with an appalling swift
ness, the position of the United
States was undermined, compro-
missed, and finally shattered. For
this ruinous collapse, the admin
istration in general and the State
Department in particular has a
direct and dreadful responsibility
For years, the Russian Commu-
nists had plainly stated that in
lternational revolution was their
aim. An international conSpirato-
rial apparatus was under their con.
Itrol and in this apparatus the Chi
nese Communists had important
places. Their hope of capturing
the whole Of China was freely ac-
knowledged, their umbilical con-
nection with Moscow well under
stood. The most intransigent en-
lemy of the Chinese Communist
was Chang Kai-shek, and. fol-
years before Pearl Harbor, he had
carried on a war against the in.
Ivading Japanese and the Chinese
Communists.
i In 1943, at Cairo, the United
lStates had made the most solemn
undertaking that Korea should b
set free and that territories pre-
ivioNsly wrested from the Chimes
Evening star., 1951-12-04
Doris FIeeson:

Senator Estes Kefauver. Ten
nessee Democrat, has definitely
crossed the presidential cam
paign Rubicon.
Over the week end he told
his home State hackers that he
was not interested in the vice
presidency. He did. however,
do what he had hitherto refused
to do, which is give them the
green light to organize a Ke-
fauver-for-President campaign.
To what extent this will bring
him into conflict with President
Truman remains to be seen. 1t
is generally believed in Demo-
cratic circles that the President
does not want to run again. In
formation that the Chief Justice
of the United States, MIR. Vinson,
Is pulling back from the position
Of heir-apparent is being widely
circulated.
If these reports. all well-au-
thenticated. are true, a vacuum
exists in the Democratic Party.
Senator Kefauver, who has so far
had an excellent sense of timing.
apparently believes it does and
that now is the time to make
himself available to fill it.
Tennessee sources declare that
the Kefauver campaign will be
kicked of December IL In Mem
phis by Representative Albert
Evening star., 1951-12-04

with undertaking loyalty.
THE latter half of this re-
port presents in alphabetical
order the Communist records
of "a leaders in the work of
the .CIO Political Action Com
mittee. We have gone to some
lengths on Offering a mass Of
detailed evidence in order that
there may be no doubt in any
quarter that these individuals
are properly and fairly labeled
Communist -"
During the same period, and
in fact until 1948. Lee Press
man was general counsel Of the
CIO and an important figure
in its top councils. Mr.. Press
man appeared before the House
Un-American Activities Com
-mittee on August %, 1850, and
confessed under oath that he
had been a member of the
Communist party since 1885
and that he broke with the par
ty completely on or about Au-
gust 10, 1850.
Mr.. Pressman testified in
part:
"Over the past number Of
years I have had contacts and
dealings with known leaders of
the Communist party whom
have met from time to time.
"Mr. Tavenner committee
counseD: And what was the ma
ture of those contacts which
you have mentioned?
"Mr. Pressman: They would
discuss with me their view
points. their recommendations,
and suggestions. with respect
to organizational activities of
the CIO while I was counsel for
the CIO. I discussed those
problems with these people.
When they made recommended
tions or suggestions which I
deemed to be of assistance or
helpful to the CIO, I accepted
them :"
In another part of the testi-
mony the same day occurred
this passage:
"Mr. Nixon: In other words,
in 1948 you had not severed
your connections. ideologically
speaking, with the Communist
party?
Evening star., 1951-12-04
Lowell MeLLett:
How the Twain Might Meet
Not East and West but White House and Congress;
Senotor Kefouver ToekIes q Hard Problem

writing, approved by the ap-
propriate committee and printed
in the Congressional Record.
The other hour, divided between
the majority and the minority,
would be given to oral questions
and answers. Safeguards against
political heckling and improper
questioning would be provided.
From the legislators view
point" Senator Kefauver wrote,
there would be a great gain
in knowledge and background
acquired in a manner far more
economical of time and energy
than any present available
method, such as plodding
through a thousand-page COM
mittee hearing. Advantages
to the executive branch are
equally impressive. It would
be a compelling incentive to
secure outstanding men for key
executive positions. And
these executives would consider
more deliberately their decisions
and administrative orders if
they knew they might be called
on to render an official public
accounting in the spotlight of
an open House session. There
could be no ghost writing. These
men would have to know their
departments and be able to give
the facts"
AS it is now. says the Sena-
tor, More often a legislator gets
Evening star., 1951-12-04

to. express any favorable views
on the Western minded, late
President Edouard Benes or his
foreign secretary, Jan Masaryk.
The mere casual mention of
these names in private CONVEX
sations mean imprisonment or
long years in labor camps. A
recent official statement on these
two historical personages, whose
death is attributed to foul play
on the part of the secret state
police, described them as enc
mics of the workers.
Benes is being accused of
being responsible for Munich
and of having used his trun-
cheons and guns against those
who "strive against poverty and
dismissal from work" These ut
terances were made November
q in an "all-wave" broadcast
from Prague.
In so far as Masaryk is con-
cerned, the official Czech propa-
gandist continued:
He was responsible for the
massacre of many workers in
the days when the Czechoslovak
people dreamed of building
true democracy on the Soviet
pattern. Their capitalist de-
mocracy' was nothing but a
cloak to cover up the actions of
the state machine against the
working people. It was a de-
mocracy for the rich only"
These open attacks against
the two greatest national figures
Of contemporary Czechoslovakia
have been prompted apparently
by the fact that many people in
that unfortunate country are
now discussing the good old
days of freedom which existed
before their government had
become a complete stooge of the
Kremlin. Any talk except high
praise for the present regime is
treason. And it appears that
there is. a great deal of such
reasonable trends in Czecho-
slovakia's towns and villages at
present.
The proximity to German and
Evening star., 1951-12-04
Doris Fleeson:
Kefouver Crosses the 'Rubicon'
Senator Gives Green Light to Bocker to Organize Campaign
Vnson Reported Withdrawing as Truman Heir-Apporent

crime and corruption even when
they appear in his own party.
He also scalped machine boss,
Mr.. Crump. He is compara-
lively young (48). has a beauti-
full family and has applied his
border State background to a
border State stand on civil
rights.
Kefauver hackers are en-
couraged by the fact that Presi-
dent Truman reacted mildly to
news that Senator Kefauver was
willing to allow his name to be
entered in the California pri-
mary. The vice of Presidents
is an unwillingness to allow any
one else in their party to ac-
quire national fame. The major
reason that Harry Truman is
President today is that Frank
lin Roosevelt Systematically
chopped down every Democrat
who seemed about to acquire
independent national stature
during his long reign.
Mr.. Truman can repeat this
feat so far as the national con-
vention is concerned. His veto
power over the nomination
cannot be questioned. He has
never been kind to Senator
Kefauver, but so long as he
confines himself to ironical
comment, the Senator's back
ers will be satisfied.
Evening star., 1951-12-04
Fletcher KnebeI:
Potomac Fever

Gen. Ike. without disclosing whether he'll run says he's
haered" that some House Republicans him. Only 81
lodging days left Christmas
House investigating committee prepares to Supreme
Court Justice 1ou Clark about free apane The safest
thing these days to accept nothing it comes from
the Government That you've already paid for it,
President Truman reopens the civil rights fight by setting
up an FEPC Government contracts People love
issues deeply grateful especially stockholders in firms manu-
featuring those Confederate flags.
The State Department demands release United States
flyers held by the Reds in Hungary The comply as
soon as they strip the plane of all radar
still as good as when they invented it.
Congressman Curtis that Bureau
be separated from the Department that's start
Now. If we can only separate it from the taxpayer.
The Reds in Korea Communists are
like wives The minute they getting agreeable you innc-
lively grab for your wallet
Evening star., 1951-12-04

Austrian borders is more alarm
ing to Moscow rulers than sim
liar outbursts in Poland, Ro-
mania and Bulgaria. The re-
surgence of reaction" in Czech
oslovakia is looked on with
greater concern than in the
other countries behind the iron
curtain.
1t calls for greater vigilance
on the part of the internal Sc
curity police. Deviationism has
been discovered. however. in re-
cent months even in the ranks
of that highly privileged organi-
zation. Specialists" from Mos
cow have been sent in large
numbers to replace the "doubt-
fuls" in the Czech MVD.
The people of Czechoslovakia
have a well-established reputa-
ton for their stubbornness. It
is this national characteristic
which seems to worry Moscow
at present. The Politburo un-
questionably gave the green
light to Premier GottWald to
purge Slansky and his gang. It
is up to him to speed the purges
and bring Czechoslovakia into
line. The Czech industrial estab-
llshmentS are of vital impor-
tance to the U. S. S. r.
According to intelligence re-
ports. should Gottwald not show
energy and ruthlessness, he too
will be replaced. According to
these same reports also, a Rus
sian general will take over, Just
as happened two years ago in
Poland when Marshal Kon-
stantin Rokosowsky was placed
in full charge of that county,
leaving President Beirut a a
mere f1gurehead and subordi-
nate Of the Soviet field marshal.
Evening star., 1951-12-04
ROBBERS Shows

''Mr. Pressman: That is cor
rect.
"Mr. Tavenner:: And there
fore your action up to that
time was governed by your
Communist party views and
beliefs that existed then?
"Mr. Pressman: would say
affected rather than governed"
It is interesting to note that
the 1914 House committee re-
port charged that in q majority
Of all the unions affiliated with
the CO." the committee found
that Communist leadership is
strongly entrenched." In giving
the list Of 81 unions. it is to
be noted that a number Of these
have been expelled as a result
OF action taken by present
members of the CIO Executive
Board. which has been moving
with commendable zeal in re-
cent years to purge the CIO of
Communist influences.
But it is plain that Senator
Taft was basing his statement
about the early days of the
CIO-PAC on congressional
committee findings. giving names
and evidence of the fact that
union leaders identified with
the Communist cause were
active in the formation of the
CIO-PAC.
The Dining Car and Rail-,
road Food Workers Union men,
toned yesterday by this COR
respondent was incorrectly re-
ferred to as an AFL union. 1t
actually was formed by persons
ousted from the AFL after that
organization amended its con-
stitution to prohibit Commu-
nists from holding Office in the
AFL. Indeed, members of the
AFL Hotel and Restaurant
Employees and Bartenders In
ternational Union furnished
much Of the information on
which the Senate Internal Sc
curity Committee, after hear
ings, issued its recent report
describing a Communist con-
spiracy inside the Communist
dominated Dining Car and
Railroad Food Workers Union.
Reproduction Rights Reserved
Evening star., 1951-12-04

fragmentary information from
constituent, reads a few para
graphs in a newspaper or hears
part of a broadcast. then forth
with. and with all the comfort
able immunity from libel that
his remarks in the Senate or
House enjoy, belabors some hap
less official or fires oral broad
sides at an entire department.
Occasionally this blind shooting
hits a vulnerable target. At
other times Congress has been
made to look petty, ridiculous
and deserving of the scorn OF
its bitterest critics"
To all of which Congress
offers no convincing answer, but
it hasn't yet seen fit to give
serious consideration to the
Kefauver- -Fulbright proposal.
Evening star., 1951-12-04
TestinonyBocks aft Statement
Many Communists Were Among First Sponsors Of CLOS PA
Examination of Records Of Un-Americon Probers Shows
Dovid Lawrence:

When Mrs. Margaret Chase
Smith, United States Senator
from Maine. Republican. last
week questioned William D.
Gradison, one Of the Taft cam
paign managers in Ohio. about
Senator Taft's statement con-
cerning the CIO Political Action
committees early relationship
to the Communist cause, he said
he didn't know much about it
himself. but undoubtedly Mr..
Taft could back it up. An ex-
animation of the testimony
given before the House I'm
American Activities Committee
brings out some significant in
formation about how the CLOS
PAC originated and the many
Communists who were among
its first sponsors.
Senator Taft's statement as
quoted before the Senate COM
mittee investigating the Ohio
senatorial election of 1850 was
as follows:
"The PAC was conceived in
communism. had Communist
midwives assisting in its birth
and was carefully nurtured in
its formative period by Com
munist leaders"
Commenting on this, Senator
Smith of Maine asked Mr..
Gradison:
wouldn't you say that this
is pretty extravagant state
ment you couldn't back up with
facts?"
While Mr.. Gradison didn't
have any information about it
at all, the House Un-American
Activities Committee issued on
March 20. 1914. a printed report
Of 200 pages devoted entirely to
the subject, and presumably it
was this report which occasioned
Senator Taft'S statement.
Among the conclusions reached
by the House committee were
these:
THE CIO executive board
which established the political
action committee is composed
Of 40 members among whom
there are at least 18 whose rec
ords indicate that they follow
the line Of the Communist party
Evening star., 1951-12-04

Gore. Representative Gore is
the young progressive who
hopes to unseat the ancient
Senator McKellar next fall.
This sounds easier than it is.
Senator Mcclellan, an unabasheo
spokesman. occupies the prize
position for the exercise of his
philosophy, chairman of the APP
preparations Committee. His
battle cry is that Nobody can
do as much for Tennessee as
can" and. politics being what
it is, there is truth in it. He
has the assistance of the Mem
phis boss. Ed Crump, and the
officeholders.
Senator Kefauver first at
tracted national attention by de-
feating Boss Crump. He has
not yet taken sides in the
Mcclellan Gore contest, so Rep
resentative Gore is apparently
doing it for him by embracing
the Kefauver candidacy for
President.
Senator Kefauver will en-
counter some senatorial jeal-
ousy, but several who are cool
to him personally admit that
he possesses assets of which
the Democrats may be cruelty
in need when the national con-
vention arrives. Outstanding
among them of course is his
fame as a crusader against
Evening star., 1951-12-04
IonsfontIne BROWNE
Czech Unrest Worries Moscow
Trial Of Top Czech Communist Sonsky Is Only Symptom
Of 1Deviotionism by OfficioIs and the Masses
Constantine Brown:

The dismissal, arrest and
pending trial for treason of
former Czech top Communist
Rudolf Slansky is only a symp-
tom in the present Czechoslo-
yak crisis where unrest and
actual "deviationism" among
top officials and the masses
may compel Moscow to inter-
vene actively.
The arrest of Slansky, a Mos
cow-trained Communist. is con-
sidered principally the offshoot
Of his rivalry with President
Gottwald, which had only an
inferential effect upon the
present restlessness in the
country. It is compared, by
experts of Communist internal
battles, with the struggle be-
tween Stain and Trotsky soon
after Lenin's death. Trotsky
managed to escape immediate
execution. He was assassinated
in Mexico years later. Slansky
may not enjoy the same tempo
rary reprieve.
The anticipated direct inter-
vention of the Kremlin in
Czechoslovak affairs is consid-
cred inevitable because Of the
troubles which exist within the
Communist party in that coun-
try.
Since the beginning of the
year, no less than $50, 900 party
members have been expelled.
The security police discovered
their deviationist views. A purge
followed. and these individuals,
removed from their privileged
positions are now either in con-
centration camps, in uranium
mines or deported to labor
camps in the U. S. S. r.
In connection with these
purges. on the admission Of
Czech propagandists themselves,
it has become a crime these days
for any citizen of that country