davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-11-11

Chief. Personnel and Fiscol Division, U. S.
The City of Washington, like many
other metropolitan centers in the
East, the Midwest and even the Pa
cific Coast, has been confronted with
a steady growth Of its non-white
population. This trend began with
the advent Of World War II and has
continued unabated since. From 1910
to 1850 the white population of the
District of Columbia increased IL
per cent In the same period the
non-white population increased 43
per cent. According to the census of
1850. there are now 270.400 non-
whites in the city, or "a per cent of
the total population. The trend here
is more pronounced than in other
comparable cities.
The rapid urbanization of the
Negro is changing the entire char
acter Of race relations throughout
the United States. The District Is
feeling the full impact of these rap
idly shifting currents and forces,
which for so long formed the pattern
Of everyday living in the Nations
Capital. These changing patterns
are making themselves felt locally in
employment, housing. education and
recreation.
The basic factor in the migration
now taking place is the trend away
from the farms and rural areas into
the metropolitan centers of the in
dustrial sections of the country.
From 1910 to 1850 nearly half mil
lion male non-white agricultural
workers left the farms of the South.
And the trend continues. Despite
the record pre-September harvesting
and ginning Of cotton this year. the
United States Department of Agri-
culture reports that 10000 fewer
persons were employed on farms in
the South during the latter part of
August than year ago. The over
whelming majority of these out
migrants are non-white In 1910
62.2 per cent of all gainfully en-
ployed Negro males were farmers,
farm laborers or general laborers.
BY 1850 this figure had dropped to
47.9 per cent.
Shift Awoy From Forms
The shift away from the farms is
best emphasized by the figures which
show that in 1910. one out of every
three non-white workers was en-
ployed in agriculture, whereas in 1850,
only one out Of every five was so
engaged. Continued development and
use of the mechanical cotton picker
and other labor-saving machinery
will give added impetus to the flight
from the farms.
Domestic work and personal service
have been the main sources of en-
ployment for non-white female work.
ers. Especially this was true in the
rural districts of the South. Statis-
tics show that in 1910. So per cent Of
all Negro women who were gainfully
employed were engaged In household
or personal service. In 1850 this fig
ure had declined to a. per cent.
Evening star., 1951-11-11

Belasco Theater-was opened under
his management.
The theater at Fifteenth and Z
streets was opened November 10,
1884, under the name Of Albaugh's
Grand Opera House, and 1t was q
historic event in Washington theat-
ricals. Emma Abbott, one Of Amer
icas greatest operate stars, was
there on the first night with her own
company in the opera "Semiramide.
President Chester A. Arthur occu-
pied one Of the boxes, together with
other distinguished guests especially
invited there by Manager Albaugh
for the opening. 1t was indeed
grand occasion and one long to be
remembered by those privileged to be
III attendance at that initial per-
formance.
On February 27, 1885, shortly after
the opening of the Grand Opera
House, the National Theater was de-
stroyed by fire for the fourth time
and for a while this left only Al
baugh's and Ford's Opera House to
supply S1lC kOI dOc
performances.
Albaugh's, in addition to being
successful as theater, proved also
to be popular as place for holding
conventions. 1t was here that, on
September S. 1893. President Cleve-
land opened the American Med
ical Congress. Prior to this other not
able gatherings took place. these
including the meeting of the Inter-
national Council of Women. March
Is. 1888, when Susan B. Anthony pre-
sided Here Olga Nethersole made
her Washington debut in 1894 in
Camille"
The Avenue entrance to Albaugh's
was an afterthought. as was also the
outside gallery entrance on the 4
street side of the building.
Evening star., 1951-11-11

ernment, but the money was never
spent to improve the lot of the aver
age Iranian.
Fact: AS, already has been pointed
out. royalties have never been "fabu-
lous" and have been small compared
with AIOC profits.
Fiction: Iran has broken its con-
tract and word with AIOC and
is confiscating British property.
Fact: Britain dispatched warships
to Iranian waters and forced the
1888 oil agreement on Iran which
continued the company's concession
till 1898. Under the old pact. all
properties of the company would
have been left free of charge to the
Iranian government in 1861.
Cause Of Shortcomings
An ardent nationalist, DR.. Bagai
contended Anglo-Iranian's policies
were the causes for his country's
shortcomings In the social. economic,
educational and moral spheres.
Some weeks ago. he led raid on
the AIOC information and press
bureau in Iran and seized scores of
documents. some Of which were pre-
sented to the United Nations Security
Council by Prime Minister Mossa-
degh to back charges the company
had interfered extensively in Iranian
government affairs.
According to DR.. Bagai. who has
been imprisoned on three occasions
by various Iranian regimes. including
that Of the late Gen. Razmara, the
library Of his home was set afire
early in October, shortly before he
cleft for the United States. He said
it was an apparent effort to destroy
the seized company documents.
Evening star., 1951-11-11

Tried and tested Communists were
put in all positions of authority. The
man appointed police chief in Seoul
was q North Korean who had been
a major in the Russian Army.
Next the new rulers set out to To-
cate and eliminate poor risks"
among the rank and file. But per-
sons with any training valuable to
the State, particularly doctors and
engineers, were encouraged to con-
tinue their work, and the door was
open for all other workers willing to
cooperate If they were not already
marked for punishment.
The great majority of the people
of Seoul were approached in a
friendly manner and told to go back
to work. Later they were instructed
to go to the local police station and
confess" within two weeks. Those
in more sensitive jobs were asked to
submit political biographies and
make "self criticisms"
The screening system operated
side by side with the training system,
and both were efficient. The "con-
fession" served both purposes. It
quickly separated the recalcitrants
from the potential collaborators.
And since it was essential to know
something of communism to confess
the appropriate crimes, those confess
ing had to do little studying first.
Whole groups were called on to con-
feSS at the same time and many per-
sons became so emotionally wrapped
up in the process that it took on the
aspects of religious revival.
individual Treatment
Important persons got individual
treatment. But for the ordinary
citizen the chief training came in
public meetings. Almost every per-
sonal account of the occupation
emphasizes the great number of
meetings of all kinds that citizens
were expected to attend. often as
many as four or five day. Rallies,
parades and spectacles also served
to keep people occupied. No one was
left idle time for mischief if the
Communists could prevent it.
Beyond this was series of re-
wards and punishments. Those who
co-operated ate. Those who did not
disappeared. In three months the
Communists did not convert every
one in Seoul. But they did intrench
themselves so thoroughly that they
were invulnerable to any attack ex-
cept the military force from the out
side which finally ousted them.
Evening star., 1951-11-11
Veteran Washingtonians viii recall

Veteran Washingtonians viii recall
It as though it happened yesterday.
But 1t was 80 years ago today that
Americas Unknown Soldier was bur-
led at Arlington In the most stirring
funeral ceremony ever held on Amer
lean sell.
From the President to the humblest
citizen, all Americans who watched
the solemn rites, believed that war
was q thing Of the past. A nameless
hero had laid down his life that De-
mocracy might live: the war to end
wars. they thought, had been fought
and won. The future seemed peace
full
Everything about the ceremony
was dramatic, from the moment the
Unknown was selected until his re-
mains were placed in the Tomb. The
most distinguished collection Of Amer
cans ever gathered together at one
time was present at the climax on
Ngember II. 1921.
9he Unknown Soldier was chosen
Evening star., 1951-11-11
Blueprint for Soviet Conquest in Seoul

The Communists left their blue
print for conquest behind in Seoul.
When North Korean tanks and
trucks rumbled into the South Ko-
:ean capital on June %, 1850. they
brought with them an advance guard
of Communist officials and detailed
plans for winning the active support
Of the entire population.
Ninety days later, when their
forces withdrew from the burning
city, their mark was heavy on what
vas left Of its people. The surviving
inhabitants bore witness to the effec-
tlveness of the Communist program
for controlling not only the acts but
the thoughts of men.
The United States Air Force sent
team of experts into Seoul to learn
what the Communist blueprint was
and how well it had worked out.
Prof. John w. Riley, jr., a Rutgers
sociologist, and Dean Wilbur
Schramm of the University of Illinois,
a communications expert, were men,
bers Of the Air Force team that
talked to hundreds Of residents of
Seoul from every walk Of life.
In 1.-THE Reds Take City" (Rut-
gers University Press they have re-
written the Air Corps report for pub
lication. building up their factual
data with the personal stories of
II South Koreans of the educated
class who survived.
They Come to stoy
The Reds came to Seoul to stay.
They expected a quick military VIC
tory, with Korea united and a new
national government set up in Seoul
within three months. Preparations
had been made with meticulous care
Political leaders had been assigned
and administrative personnel trained.
Tons of leaflets, posters and propa-
ganda materials had been printed,
stored on freight cars and held at
the 38th Parallel.
Every effort was made to give the
appearance Of a spontaneous well
come. Crudely lettered signs cheered
the invaders. Committees Sprang up
everywhere under the leadership of
South Korean Communists. The IL
lusion that local people were to be
selected for key positions was care
fully fabricated. But the dossiers on
South Korean officials and employees
that bulged in Communist brief
cases made it obvious that there had
been long and detailed planning for
every step in taking over the city.
Efforts to direct the thinking of
Evening star., 1951-11-11

Coolidge. ex-President Taft. then
Chief Justice Of the United States;
members of the Supreme Court, the
Cabinet, and Of Congress walked be-
hind the flag-draped. flower covered
caisson that bore the fallen soldier
from the Capitol to Arlington. The
ailing wartime President, Woodrow
Wilson, unable to walk. came out Of
seclusion to ride in the procession.
BY presidential proclamation, the
nation observed two minutes Of ST.
lence at the end Of the ceremony.
The years have not dispelled the
enigma Of the Unknown Soldier.
Though his tomb has been visited
by more notables than almost any
place on earth, his identity is still q
mystery. Who was he? How did he
live? How did he die? No one can
tell. The inscription on his tomb
sums it up best of all:
Here Rests In Honored Glory an
American Soldier Known But to
God"
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19
CHANGE BUREAUS LABOR POLICY
The Solution

Elsewhere in this issue letter from Stanley E. Thompson
international representative of the Electrical Workers.
concerning the position of the IBEW public power lines
bureau of reclamation policy, etc.
1t is gratifying to note that the IBEW has modified its pre-
Vlousy pubcised opposition to all public projects which
Mr. Thompson August characterized useless
essential His continued criticism of the antabor policy
of the bureau we'll taken No sefrespectg trade
other rghnkng person could possibly endorse bur-
eau's manner of handling labor relations
Bad though the bureau may be labor ouand-out IBEW
opposition to the extension of public power hardly
Such opposition only the purposes utility
monopoly and takes the IBEW down lonely road
The solution lies correcting the bureaus labor policy
Towards that end generally united support branches
of labor we'll substantial bloc of farmers e
pected by the electrical union
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19


oil development be the
Mosem forces that The Jewish refugees
numbers Israeli and the displacement Arabs who considered
their
the Near
egn exploitation.
Shortghed colonial policies
World War II have provided opportunity
reality.
But this period upeavel pointed
dents of the Near Middle East vacuum developing The
British
mta order that the world France
This
Herein lie the line thoughan Ameri
by military might
less America in, it but of time until conditions
forces will take with
oil
without the
oil would also seriously industrial military operations
of the non-communst world
of magazine now
insisting
like Pearl Buck pleading understanding
problems mlons like
that develop mabl relations with China
throughout the Orient.
establishing
pulv certainly
throw those people into the Russian orbit radically
policy The peoples of pledge
of the what you've had the past careful They
buying We replace goods with
of the II period
policy seething
underlying all Asia today worldwide
relieve the pesu euptons
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19
FARMERS HAVE UNTIL END OF OCTOBER TO
COMPLETE CONSERVATION PRACTICES

BOHEMIAN, Mont.-Farmers and
ranchers have only until the end of
this month to complete soil and water
conservation practices under the 1851
Agricultural Conservation Program,
Chairman r. ]. McKenna of the state
PIMA committee reminded them this
week.
Only conservation practices COM
pleted in accordance with PIMA spec
ifications by October 81 will be eli
gible to earn a payment under this
years ACProgram, McKenna said.
However, failure to complete one or
more practices will not affect an op-
orators eligibility to earn a payment
for properly carrying out other APP
proved practices on his farm or ranch.
Following the completion of APP
proved practices, operators have I'M
til November Is to report to the
county PIMA office on their con-
servation work for the year. A Sec
ton of the Farm Work Sheet can
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19
THE GROWING FERMENT IN The NEAR EAST


flowing
the molten
eas tough enough them from developing
fa upons will
Get that in mind and then clearly
ninsua Except this molten
it's hundreds of millions Instead
it's been for three centuries the exploitation whemans coonasm
that restrained and the
a rate
Egyptian
signals of dangerous unrest Saded with
by the landlord ruling clique has
to protect its stability against
fan the flames of naonam
for almost has considered Egypt
geographical location
walton of the British Empire.
In Iran the volcano already euptnghe British being
OUT STOCK and barrel The the
ed excellent for here
the mtolerable government
cruel tyranny of a feudalisic landowning lass.
In China and India the erupon
freed from the yoke of colonial expan
stability and develop their countries
Throughout the middle east Lebanon
gaining IN volume Earthshang uptions
horizon Extreme naonasms being exploiting
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19

be used to make this report and it
can be mailed or personally delivered
to the local county PIMA office.
Chairman McKenna urges all OPP
orators who have not completed prac-
tees approved for this year to make
every effort to finish them by Oc-
tober 81. ''The total list of practices
approved for the county this year
equals the amount of money allo-
Gated for conservation work. Changes
next year in the requests for con-
servation assistance, ALLEGATION of
funds, or priority of practices might
make it impossible to give reap
proval to practices not carried out
this year," he explained.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19
The MARIAS CONTROVERSY

CLAYTON Davidson of Boise suggests get the
lob to prepare the by E. J. Parkinson
Irrigation Project Such investigation is
derway and completed, will be published
points Mr. Parknsons conclusions that
question and these must be cleared because they
do not give an entirely correct analysis.
particular Voice. October nstalment of Parkn
son comments) Mr.. Parknsons assertion that
of land county,
the district still responsible for the entire obiga
Parkinson's conclusion to the appica
the above is based
Circuit Court edera decision rendered sometime
between 1881 and 1886 which upheld the prorang of
structon land withdrawn from project which,
deed sale left unencumbered concerned
previous liens, etc.
the held, based
statutes that unpaid construction costs lands
longer encumbered do become general obligation
against all remaining in the district Neither do they
constitute lien against land resold by county Unless
provisions otherwise made in setting up the dis
the bond holder whether private state federal takes
In this state the doctrine might be enuncated
of @bond buyers beware
More recently the Ninth Circuit Court has reversed its
er position the general obligation of remaining
of such lands withdrawn The circuit court tax
u. S. Supreme Court decision in Erie Railroad
held that federal conflict with
supreme decisions up statutes unless
federal constutiona federal statutory law
is involved.
Should various of land project become
delinquent the Bureau of Reclamation could
strucon the delinquent tracts the balance of the
lands under the project unless provision for proratng
the original between the Maria Irrigation District
and the bureau.
public private would be take deed each
tract of land becoming delinquent
of Montana, page 3d. 1881,
Case" Rosebud Land
vile Irrigation District, 1O2 Montana, 465, 1886
ToOle County Irrigation District Moody 25 Federal second
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19
CALL FOR BIDS
ease of Vocational School Land

Sealed bids will be received by the
undersigned at his office in the State
Capitol Bldg, Helena, Montana up to
1000 AM. Tuesday, October 80, 1851
preparatory to leasing $50 acres of
farm land belonging to the State Vo-
cational School and described as fol-
lows:
VIZ SEA and Eh SWA of Section
II, Township IL North Range 8 West.
Bid forms will be supplied by the
Purchasing Dept. on request Award
will be made to the highest respon-
sible bidder for period of five CD
years beginning February %, 1852.
The right is reserved to reject any
or all bids and to waive such techni-
calities as the best interests of the
State may warrant.
A. NJ. JOHNSON,
Elk Officio Purchasing Agent.
oct 70 10 o6
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19
RUM0R-TIcs

1t is interesting to contemplate
what was meant by the boasts of a
vocal republican (whose name will
no doubt be on the ballot in July,
1882 when he said
owe will make another change
in the Farmers Union leadership this
fall. WE made one change last
year and WE will make some more
this year,.
The only conclusion as of now is
that certain republicans are playing
"footsie" with the left-wing boys in
an effort to knock the Farmers Un-
ion out as an effective force in the
state. What a gruesome two-some
that makes.
A motion before the Republican
convention last week, in effect stat
ed :. Two candidates, and no more
than two, will receive the blessings of
the COP state central committee in
the coming primary campaign.
The motion is said to have had two
seconds. However, at that point the
Landslide" ended abruptly. Re-
ports have it that Ex-Governor Sam
Ford took the floor and made speech
so scathing in its eloquent denunci-
alton of the motion it could well go
down in the history of goth century
political conclaves. When the vote
was taken the motion that had had
two seconds could muster but one
voice raised in its favor.
Republicans believe Dan Whet-
stone, stalwart champion of the con-
vention system could have promot-
ed the tossing of this bit of finder
onto the convention floor. This
could have added zest to the fight
Sam Ford made against the motion,
being as how he and Dan are not
arms-around-the-neck political bud
dies.
The motion also hardened bystand-
ers back to the late unlamented leg
islative assembly. SD 1873 would have
limited the major parties to two candi-
dates on the primary ballot and those
two would have been chosen by the
Outmoded 'backroom" method.
Grover Schmidt, American Legion
state commander, has resigned his
post as Chouteau County Attorney.
The better to spend his time visiting
each and every Legion post in the
state. This is good Legion business.
But some say VFW state command
sr VIVID himself into the Cover
lorship. Grover Schmidt has held
political office. Few young politi-
.ians stop with one success. A state
vide tour such as Mr.. Schmidt is
is natural" for state
vide politics. What will it be?
Now that able Roy H. Glover has
'een advanced to General Counsel
nd vice president of the ACM, OBJ
ervers are wondering how soon
loodshed will break out among the
sixth floor" hopefuls who aspire to
is vacated post of Western Counsel
or ACM.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1951-10-19
EcTOM OPPOSES u. S.
SOIL BUILDING PROGRAM

Sen. Ecton of Montana voted for
a drastic cut in the appropriations
for 1852 soil conservation payments
in 1862. An attempt to reduce the
$280,000,000 authorization by $780,
100000 failed for lack of sufficient
votes.
Sen. Murray of Montana voted
against the cut in soil conservation
funds.
Evening star., 1951-06-11
Navy Officers Daughter Killed
As Boat Mast Hits Power Wire
Girl, IS, Is Thrown
Into Elk River by
Force of Shock

A 15-year-old Kensington, Md,
girl, daughter of a naval psy-
chiatrist, was electrocuted Satur-
day when the mast of a sailboat
in which she was riding touched
a high tension line stretched
across an Elk River cove.
The victim, Anne H. Price OF
9724 Bexhill drive and a sopho-
more in Bethesda Chevy Chase
High School, is the daughter OF
Comdr. and Mrs. r. H. Price
Comdr. Price, stationed at the
Anacostia Naval Air Station, was
on temporary duty in Akron, Ohio
The girl was riding in the sail
boat with Robert Paris, Is, of
Rutledge, Pa, of Oldsf1eld Point,
10 miles south Of Elkton, when
they headed into q cove.
AS the mast touched the power
line, the boat tipped and in at
tempting to regain her balance,
the girl grasped a metal guy wire,
the Associated Press reported.
The shock Of 1900 volts threw
her into the water. Her COM
panions and occupants of another
boat pulled her out and artificial
respiration was applied for more
than an hour. She was pro-
Evening star., 1951-06-11
Arlington 10 Refund Tuition
Fees 10 Military Personnel

Nearly $4,000 in tuition pay
ments collected by the Arlington
School Board will be returned to
parents of children living on mill
tary reservations in the county.
Commonwealth's Attorney Dem
man T. Rucker told the board
Saturday that the tuition pay
ments of $40 per year were illegal
Mr.. Rucker said the parents
are legal residents of Arlington
whether or not they pay taxes.
The boards policy had been to
accept SO from the parents and
$140 from the Army to teach the
children in county schools. The
Army will continue to pay for the
tuition, the board said.
So far this year. $2,896 was COL
lected from the parents, some OF
them paying for only part of q
year. The money will be returned
to the parents if they can be To-
Gated by July /.
The board also agreed to repair
floors in six elementary schools
Custis, Langston, Bancroft, vii.
son, Maury and Monroe, at a total
cost of $14.4o5.