davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-10-28
American Labor Woos Its Fellow Workers in Latin Countries

diyidual unions in the United States.
But" he argued. 1--WE are foreigners.
We must leave the wedding out of
the individual bad actors to the Gu
bans themselves"
At any rate. United States labor
leaders and their representatives in
the regional body have engaged in
many activities in these countries in
the past few months. They have made
official Washington and large-scale
investors in Latin America increas-
ingly aware Of their growing influ-
ence. During the inpasSe in nego-
tiations between the government of
Bolivia and the Reconstruction FL
nance Corp. over the price of tin.
which brought about the temporary
suspension of shipments Of the Bo-
livian metal to the United States,
and the shutting down of most of the
mines, the AFL and the CIO made
strong protests to Washington not to
prolong the deadlock.
At about the same time the United
Mine Workers Journal took up the
cudgel in behalf of the workers in
; the bauxite (aluminum) mines of
Dutch and British Guiana, as we'll as
those in the tin mines of Bolivia and
other kindred industries. Wages"
it said. "are so unreasonably low in
several of these areas that in some
cases less than a dollar day in
American money is paid to the metal
workers"
In July officials of the ORIT
. participated actively in what they
call the first successful attempt to
unite Paraguayan workers into a
national federation. A little later
the Puerto Rican Federation of Labor
confirmed its affiliation with the
regional body. Francisco Aguirre,
secretary general of the organization.
said that its representatives are
giving particular attention to
strengthening the present unions end
raising the standard of living of the
workers.
Senor Aguirre also announced that
the Federation has begun an inten-
sive campaign for the complete Or
ganization of the workers on the
banana plantations Of Costa Rica.
I'VE will go next into Honduras" he
said. 'and perhaps later into Guate-
mala."
Evening star., 1951-10-28
AtonnPoIitics,
Minnesoton's Plan
Worries Congress
By Mary McGrory

In the dying hours of the last ses-
sion of Congress bill was quietly
introduced that seems certain to set
off q chain reaction when lawmak-
ers meet again next January.
Mildly described by its author.
Representative Mccarthy. Democrat.
of Minnesota, as "a bill to provide a
new method for the appointment of
members of the House Of Represent
atives to the Joint Committee on
Atomic Energy" 1t actually provides
for rotation in committee member
ship. which is surely something new
under the Capitol dome.
Representative Mccarthy. a former
professor and one of the most
thoughtful young members of the
House. has long pondered the para
dox of democracy's chief weapon
being kept dark secret from it's
citizens. His bill calls for the Speak
er to replace three House members
on the 18-man joint committee with
three who have never before served.
The measure is the first Of what
observers believe will be many at
tempts to bring atomic policy more
in line with democratic procedures.
Disruptive to Seniority
But since his legislation would
disrupt the sacred system Of COM
mittee tenure and seniority. it is like
ly the battle will be Joined over the
existing system rather than over the
real issue: Whether or not more
Representatives should take q hand
in framing the policy of the weapon
that is at the heart Of our diplomacy.
The idea of wider dissemination
OF information. with its increased
calculated security risk. came to Mr..
Mccarthy during recent recess
trip home to Minnesota. When his
constituents, as bewildered as most
by conflicting statements from Con-
greSs, the White House and the
Pentagon, queried him, he had to
say he didn't know, either. He be-
gan to feel that they might be re-
assured. granting their confidence in
him, If he at least was informed
about matters which they understood
had to be kept secret from them.
Atomic Nerves
That 18 men should assume the
whole responsibility for this fateful
program, he began to think, was an
intolerable strain-and he thought he
saw signs of atomic nerves" in some
of them already.
Moreover. he says, the welter of
wild statements has bewildered and
worried the public regarding civilian
defense. His constituents could not
be sure whether preparations to
Evening star., 1951-10-28

important as history. for them?
Geography. especially of the Domin-
ions and India, was important, it was
pointed out. Was one and q half
hours OF Bible reading enough?
Queen Mary had prescience about 1t.
After all. Elizabeth was her eldest
grandchild.
Elizabeth was with her governess
until she married. There is nothing
in the story to indicate that the fu-
ture Queen was given even an intro
duction to what American educators
call the social sciences, nothing to
indicate that she had studied the
writings Of Ivor Jennings and Harold
Laski on the British constitution, or
those of Lord Keynes and G. D., H.
Cole on economies. - s.
She may have. The governess may
have failed to mention this develop
ment of her education through over
sight. But whether she has or not
is of little Importance to her success
on the throne.
Conceded Boredom
For the monarch, under the un-
written British constitution, is one
who reigns but does not rule. What
is required, as Walter Bagehot put
it, is wisdom which will show itself
in well-considered inaction." More
cynical observers have said that the
chief requisite of the monarch is an
infinite capacity for being bored,
without showing it,. .s.
Victoria's influence on her min
Evening star., 1951-10-28
Wide World and AP Photos

Labor. DR.. Ernst Schwarz. executive
secretary of the CLOS Latin Ameri-
can Committee, and others made
special trips to Havana to join in
big mass meeting of the Cuban sugar
workers. called to protest against
any reduction In Cuba's export
quota.
Both made speeches enthusiast
cally supporting the stand taken by
the Cubans. Senator Mujal publicly
expressed his thanks and that of the
Cuban unions for the support and
help which the North American La
hor leaders extended.
Officially Anti-Red
One AFL official points out that
the Cuban federation has taken an
Official stand against communism as
such. He admitted that some Of the
leaders In individual unions may be
avowed Communists. or at least ar
dent fellow travellers. Just as has been
the case In some Of the smaller in-
Evening star., 1951-10-28

fellow travellers and the government
politicians who WELD tremendous in
fluence in the labor unions of Cuba,
Mexico and several other more
democratic countries. Their critics
in Cuba. where the ORIT has
its headquarters. accuse this body
and the United States unions of
blinking at what a large portion of
the Cuban press has called "the con-
troll of many of the local labor
groups, particularly the maritime
unions. by Communist fellow travel
ers and the domination Of the whole
Cuban labor movement by partisan
politicians" The Secretary General
of the Cuban Confederation of La
Dor is Senator Eusebio Mujal. per-
haps the most powerful politician in
the country and the right-hand man
of President Prio SocarraS.
Last August, when the sugar quota
act was being revised by Congress.
Walter Mason, legislative representa-
tive Of the American Federation Of
Evening star., 1951-10-28

meet attack-at a minimum now
were adequate or useless.
At the very least. he hopes his pro-
posal would stabilize the situation
and balance the contradictions"
about a program which has caused
more fear, guilt and uncertainty
than any other undertaking of this
government.
Usually. the normal attrition by
death. defeat or resignation auto
matically insures good measure Of
rotation in committee membership.
In the case of the Joint Atomic
Energy Committee, however, the
turnover in House members has been
limited to five. No member has re-
signed from the committee since its
establishment under the Atomic
Energy Act of 1916.
Coveted Assignment
At present, an Atomic Energy
Committee assignment is one of the
most coveted. It is reliably reported
that 20 Senators have applied for
membership, and at least as many
House members. Committee mem
bers take great pride in the fact
that no major leaks have ever come
out of their meetings.
A sampling of congressional opin-
ion, taken as members rushed to
outbound trains and planes, revealed
the expected. Six of the nine COM
mittee members available for COM
ment were adverse, not to say
outraged, by the idea. Non-members
were enthusiastic.
Members stressed the dangerous
precedent" in committee assignment
most strongly, but it seemed evident
this was not the root of their OBJ
lection. They said the proposal
would wipe out the hard-gained
backlog of members information,
although this does not stand up in
the face of Mr.. McCarthys sugges-
ton that at the Speakers discretion
core of six seasoned members gould
be permanently retained.
Two Years Learning
According to them, 1t takes man
at least two years to become ac-
quainted with the essentials Of the
program. Retiring members would
become valuable just as they were
dropped. Representative Mccarthy
feels they would pick up enough in
formation to vote intelligently on
policy matters.
They point out also that members
were chosen with extreme care in
the first place, in several cases be-
cause of some special technical
knowledge or military experience.
Senator Mcmahon. Democrat. Of
Connecticut, chairman of the Joint
Atomic Energy Committee, has de-
clared he would hate to lose "the
valuable background" of the incum-
bent House members
They emphasize that service on
the committee is arduous, that meet
tngs are called frequently and at in
convenient times and that 1t is
thankless from the point of view that
they cannot make speeches on what
they learn.
Yet 1t Is quite obvious not one of
them would give up his place except
under protest.
Evening star., 1951-10-28

a new organization with anti-Com-
munist leadership. The new setup
is now affiliated with the Chilean
Federation of Labor headed by Ber-
nardo Ibanez, one of the founding
fathers of the ORIT.
Spokesman for the new Inter-
American organization have de-
nounced openly the Communist un-
ions Of Guatemala. In an address in
September before the annual conven-
ton of the AFL in San Fran
cisco. Seraf1no Romualdi. the fedora
tion's Latin American, representative
and an assistant secretary general
of the ORIT, was particularly
bitter in his criticism of the Guate-
malan government and the local la
Dor leaders for lining up with the
Moscow-s supported World Federation
of Trade Unions.
Cloim Peru Victory
The ORTT. as well as the
United States unions. are even more
militant in their opposition to the
efforts Of governments in Argentina.
the Dominican Republic. Venezuela
and others. to dominate and use the
labor movement for political ends.
They give considerable credit to
themselves for the fact that President
Manuel Odria of Peru, since he be-
came the constitutional chief execu-
tive. has returned the labor movement
in that country to its freely chosen
leaders.
In resolution at its San Francisco
meeting. the AFL declared: I'VE
have made our contribution to
the fight for the restoration of trade
union rights in Peru" The resolution
says further that, 1--WE have been
unrelenting in our campaign against
the anti-labor policies of the dictat-s
orships Of Argentina, Venezuela and
other lands to the south of U.s."
Although uncompromising in its
attitude toward what it describes as
''the strong -armed governments"
the regional organization has been
hesitant to call attention to the
Evening star., 1951-10-28
New Era in Warfare
Buck Rogers Takes Over as America
Reodies the Atom Sub for the Sea
By Hugh Humphrey

Before 1855 the Navy will launch
itself into the Buck Rogers" age
with its first atomic powered sub
marine. At that point, sea warfare
will enter new era.
There's been a lot of speculation
about this new vessel. 1t may look
like futuristic monster. but more
than likely it will resemble conven-
tlonal submarines now in service.
Early estimates put its length at
slightly less than the biggest subs of
today and its girth bit greater.
The Navy already has removed the
deck guns from its snorkel-type un-
dersea boats because surface fighting
isn't part of their mission and be-
cause the absence of the weapons will
increase the underwater speed. When
subs were required to surface Pc
rlodlcally to repleniSh their air supply
and recharge batteries, these deck
guns often saved them from destruc-
ton by enemy warships. The new
atomic ship obviously will have snor-
Kels 70 give better air supply to the
crew, so deck guns will be out. Ap-
parently, the atom vessel won't look
any dif1erent-from the outside.
Much Different Below
Below decks in the engine room
however. an old-time submarine ma
chlnlSt's mate on his first visit will
nnd lot OF changes. The big, roar
Ing diesel engines will be gone and
In their place. our oldtimer will see
the new atomic engine. There's a
good possibility that the entire plant
will be sealed unit, similar in at
least one respect to the electric mo-
tor-compressor arrangement in a re-
frigerator. When trouble develops,
the unit can be removed and re-
placed with new plant.
Since the first atom bomb was
exploded in 1945. physicists and en-
gineers have looked toward harness.
ing the blast for new and virtually
1nexhauStible source of industrial
power. The experts soon learned to
slow down atomic reaction and to
control the heat output, but the busi-
ness of shielding the deadly rays from
the men who work with the plant
was another matter.
1t was easy enough to surround
this reactor with tons Of lead shield
ing when size offered no problem. A
submarine. to say the least, isn't the
most spacious ship afloat. Not only
size, but weight was an important
factor in designing the submarine
power plant It's reasonable to as
sumo that the experts either have
found that less lead Is necessary or
have discovered a lighter type of
shielding.
Another problem has been posed
in the possibility OF radio active
water around the exhaust outlets
from the sub. While poisoned water
wouldn't be consideration in enemy
seas, it isn't nice to contemplate its
effect when released in home ports.
Navy men say that this has been
overcome, but refuse to divulge the
method.
In any power plant, there must be
some sort of converter to transform
the initial source of energy into
usable power. The electric motor
converts electricity into horsepower
through its field coils and armature.
The diesel engine transforms the
power Of burning fuel oil into o
Evening star., 1951-10-28
By Edword TomIinson

RIO DE JANEIRO-The big labor
unions of the United States are be-
coming an important, If not powerful
influence In the labor movement
throughout much of Latin America.
This is one of the newest and most
significant developments in inter-
American relations.
Since World War II, the American
Federation Of Labor and the CIO,
along with the United Mine Workers
and others have been increasingly &C
tive among organized workers from
Cuba to Chile, as well as in the
colonial islands and territories Of the
Caribbean.
Although comparatively new in the
field representatives Of these organi-
cations are, for the most part. playing
their hands skillfully and effectively
with an eye to better relations with
the nations next door. The AFL
and the Congress OF Industrial Or
ganizations have set up committees
that devote their entire time to the
study Of economic and industrial
problems in the various countries.
They have helped to create and are
backing, officially and financially, q
hemisphere organization known as
the ORTT, or. Inter American
Regional Organization Of Workers.
composed Of "the free trade unions"
in a majority Of the republics and
islands to the South.
The ORIT. in some instances.
has taken a firm stand against COM
munism and everywhere it is in mill
tant opposition to dictatorship. 1t
has not always openly opposed fellow
travellers in individual unions who
covertly follow the Moscow line. In
some countries it actually works IN
close collaboration with unions that
are affiliated with or dominated by
governments and political bosses.
swomps Older Organization
Yet, except in Guatemala and one
or two Caribbean countries, it has
all but swamped the much older
Latin American Confederation of La
Dor, headed by the Mexican and pro-
Red labor leader. Vicente Lombardo
Toledano. The regional organiza-
ton has received the support Of the
big United States declarations in
campaign for higher wages, an i'm
proved standard of living and es-
pecially the stronger organization Of
workers in big industries and enter
priSes controlled by United States
capital.
In Chile, and to some extent in
Guatemala, the ORIT has either
given its official support to those
who oppose, or its leaders have
spoken out boldly against Com
munist-controlled unions. Since the
Communist Party of Chile was out
lawed in 1948. the Reds in the labor
unions Of that rich mining country
have waged an incessant campaign
of strikes and sabotage in almost
every business enterprise, from bak-
cries to banks. They have been es-
pecially militant in the giant United
States-owned or operated copper and
nitrate companies.
But the regional body and the
North American unions have given
encouragement and help to local
labor leaders Of the copper industry
in breaking away from the Com
munist- dominated National Fedora
tion of Mine Workers. and forming
Evening star., 1951-10-28

force to drive wheels and gears. Heat,
a by-product Of both. is not a major
source of energy in these units.
The atomic plant, it is indicated,
will be basically nothing more than
a small and intensely hot firebox,
something like a coal-fired furnace
but with constant supply of fuel
locked in its atoms. The usual
method Of converting raw heat into
power is through the generation Of
= steam. While no details are avail
able from the Navy anS the Atomic
Energy Commission, many experts
believe the new sub will be driven
by steam engines with the atom as
the source of boiler heat.
Steam creates heat problems and
submarine has its share without COM
plications. Air conditioning helps re-
lieve the high temperatures of q
diesel engineroom, but no one knows
to what extent 1t will eliminate the
humid. hot atmosphere of escaping
steam.
This first atomic submarine will
answer a lot of questions for future
naval designers. That's why such
ship was selected as the testing
ground for atomic power. A "pig
boat" is the toughest, toughest vessel
IN the Navy. Under ideal conditions
lie aboard these ships isn't easy.
Inc Navy seems to figure that If the
atom engine will work underseas. it
will work anywhere.
The new submarine will have every
tnlhg. Its speed has been estimated
al oo Knots or more, faster than any
major type warship af1oat today. Its
stflklng power and cruising range are
top secret, but observers believe them
10 be unlimited. If careful design
and good construction can make it
SO, the new ship will be perfect in
every mechanical detail.
What Kind of Crew?
That leaves only one vital factor
open for speculation-the crew.
What kind of men will the Nayy
select for its first atomic ship? Will
the nuclear-powered fleets of the
future require new and radically
different type of manpower? Will
the sailor of tomorrows Navy sacri-
flee Drawn entirely for brains? How
do veteran submariners feel about
living and fighting with red-hot pile
OF atoms at their backs?
There's no doubt that the crew of
this first ship of its kind will be
hand-picked for the job and that
months of training will be required.
It's safe bet that the skipper, the
engineer officer and perhaps others
will carry nuclear-physicist rating
alongside their Navy commissions.
Despite the prediction that the atom
engine will be virtually foolproof and
"sealed-in," few scientists would
come in handy If trouble develops at
sea-
The Navy isn't interested in de-
veloping new race of supermen for
its fleet. but when it combines
physicist and a fighting officer into
one body, the idea won't be far from
reality.
AS one undersea veteran puts it, eff
this thing will outrun any surface
warship and get us out from under
: those depth charges, well take a
chance on anything else that might
= happen"
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-12-10

II HAD to call you Bernice
Il said. In fact, / have. been
wanting to call you for some time'
Jan"
Il wondered why you hadn't.
Jan said.
Il had given my word to Ray
that. / wouldn't"
i4tVh, see" She did not see,
iIpWeueeg sunless It9iwas bHcalise
BsEa dih netI warlt J4ps to- know
anything, about HIM believing
that She did not care. " How is ne,
Bernice? Ready to take TO his
wings again, / hope"
She said this last as gaily as
she could. For that was all that
mattered--for Ray to be his old
self once more, to lie able to fly
again.
Bernice's answer did not come
over the wire for long moment.
Then she said: I'm afraid Ray
isn't ready to fly just yet, Jan.
That's why I called you. He may
never fly again. It's worse than
that Ray may never walk again.
Never walk again!" Jan could
not believe that she had heard
correctly. 'But that's impossible.
He was getting along so fine. He
was almost well when | left"
you remember" Bernice said.
that day when / had a conference
with DR.. Watkins?"
AS though Jan ever could for
get that day.
"Yes, I remember" she said.
What she remembered was the
scene she had come upon when
she had gone back to the hospital
-Bernice at Rays side, Ray look
ing up at her, his arms reaching
out to pull her to him. hold her
close. "
"Dr. Watkins told me then. ="
Bernice was saying. 'shat Rays
spine had been injured. He said
it was doubtful that he would
ever be able to walk"
"And you didn't tell mel"
Ray made me promise that ]
would not" Bernice returned.
"You mean he knew? You told
Ray?"
'Rav wanted the truth. told
him that day. before you came
back | told him there was only
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1951-12-10
Let Lore Alone
BY KATHLEEN HARRIS ,..w....,...

one chance. An operation. And Il
was that same day that Ray rnads
me promise not to tell Won an5
that same evening that you a. ia
cided you ought to leave
Then that's what you two yer.
talking about" Jan said Thai
was why Bernice had leaned ov sss
TO brush Rays forehead with ~.
lips, why he had held and kiissed
her hand. That scene did moi hss,s
to mean that they were in sove
You mean you did come hal 4.
TO the hospital and saw us?n BeTA
nice asked.
For evidently she remembered
that little scene very clearly ~ -
Eyes" Jan admitted. II ssu,
you. That was the reason i lsss
You said something about Thar,
being chance. Bernice Aho,,t
an operation"
That's why decided 10 cali
YOU" Bernice said. -
Jan remembered now h.,w !,
the time there had seemed n Il
so many things that Bernice bs5
left unsaid. things she had wanted
to say.
Hes well and strong enouvb
now" Bernice was saving a. Il,
have the operation. But Raw
doesn't believe it's worth ths
chance"
"Of course it ISL Any chanre
no matter how slim. was worth
taking. 3 s
Il knew you'd say thatIn There
was a new hope in Barniceis ouief
voice. Just as knew I could
count on you, Jan.
What do YOU want me to dosr
II want you to come back II
Ray as soon as you can. .
Jan had not expected that.
II want you to tell Raw ths
truth this time. Jan"
1.-THE truth"
Eyes, that you love him. Thai
YOU went away. letting him be-.
lieve Won didn't. to give me
chance. Remember YOU told me
once that YOU knew | loved Raw
Well. l did. in a way. But now
know that he will never care for
me like that. Jan. ! know it's you
he loves"
Ito be eontinuedl