davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1951-11-28

Macarthur had walked into a.
trap on the Yalu.
Says Writers Knew More
Mr.. Alsop said:
I'm the first place, men like
Homer Bigart and Hal Boyle, who
were frontline correspondents
right through the war, knew
damn sight more of what was 60
ing on than Gen. Willoughby, so
Tar as l was able to observe. In
the second place, any newspaper
man who claims absolute accuracy
or invariably correct judgment
ought to have his head examined.
; But I don't believe any of the
men Gen. Willoughby has seen fit
TO attack made such a shocking
mistake of Judgment as the esti-
mate of the situation which caused
Macarthur to report to the Presi-
dent, after the Yalu disaster, that
he could not hold in Korea with
|, out four additional divisions which
did not then exist. And this does
not even touch upon the original
error in the estimate of the stu
alton which was the cause of the
Yalu disaster"
Gen. WlllOughby's article COM
pares the casualties in the Yalu
reverse to those of Anzio beach
head in the last war. and said the
Yalu losses were far lower.
AS to his intelligence, he re-
called the Battle of the Bulge In
World War II, which also was
described at the time as failure
of American intelligence. Gen.
iWilloughby was with Gen. Mac
Arthur in the Pacific at the time.)
There were no japanese Bastogne
bulges," he wrote.
He also said the staff of intel
ligence officers in Korea were the
same ones who had gone through
the Pacific War without any
serious error" His article asks:
rs it likely that this expert
enced staff should suddenly lose
its quality in single month";"
; Calls Errors Calculated"
: Several times, Gen. Willoughby
asserted that the alleged errors in
; reporting were calculated.
! He says, 1T took on the design
of calculated system was
equal to calculated defeatism."
The same assertion is contained
in a foreword to the article, writ
ten by Gen. Macarthur. Gen.
Macarthur said: The entire eff
> fort to distort and misrepresent
the causes leading to the existing
situation represents one Of the
most scandalous propaganda eff
forts to pervert the truth in recent
times"
! Gen. Willoughby singled out the
Herald Tribune for a sweeping
attack.
In addition to Bigart, the en-
tire Herald Tribune crowd, with
the possible exception of the beau
'teous Marguerite Higgins, seemed
(see WILLOUGHBY, Page A-eD
Evening star., 1951-11-28

front. in analyzing the causes OF
the setback, mainly blamed Amer
lean intelligence. They said Gen
Willoughby had reported only Co.
900 to 10000 Chinese troops in
Korea. whereas. actually some
100000 hit the U.N. army.
In a dispatch dated November
80. which the magazine article
quotes. Mr.. Boyle asked:
why didn't the American high
command know the enemy had
'massed such a force?"
Gen. Willoughby's article replies
that his intelligence had furnished
precise information on enemy
strength. The presence of II
Chinese corps. or 80 divisions,
along the Yalu was known and
had been reported to Washing
ton"
In summing up his view of the
intelligence situation, Gen. Will
loughby's article said full intelli-
gence was lacking in Washing
ton. Tokyo and at the front in
Korea" - because washington
had declared the Yalu River was
a barrier for any kind of aerial
flight" He added: In other
words, it forbade tactical recon-
Nuisance for political reasons.
Otherwise normal air observation
would have disclosed the density
.of troop and vehicular movement
from the great Manchurian mill
tary centers. The entry of
Communist China was a piece of
political intelligence: it became
military only at the point Of COL
liSion."
Points to Refugees"
Mr. Boyle also asked: "WAy
was the enemy able unerringly to
pick the weak spots in the U. N.
line, while the Allied attackers
were unable even to locate with
certainty the general areas where
the Reds had concentrated their
strength?"
Gen. Willoughby's reply says
enemy agents, filtering through
the lines as refugees" supplied
the information. AS to U. N.
efforts to obtain behind the Lines
information, he said: The U. N.
forces used all the conventional
trickS-air reconnaissance, secret
agents. parachutists, etc. How
ever. one does not improvise such
Evening star., 1951-11-28

never been able to stomach criti-
ciSm. whether from a war CORE
spondent or the President of the
United States In an attemp'
to silence criticism. they have
adopted the line that anyone who
questions their judgement is in.
accurate, biased, prejudiced ano
petulant,' and that any criticism
of them involves some sort of slul
/, on the whole Army"
Makes Same Distinction.
Mr.. Pearson made the same dis
Itinction in a statement which
read:
! Gen. Willoughby is still smart
ing from my account of how he
immigrated to the United States
after being forced to flee a Prus-
sian military school and how he
continued to practice Prussian
sWagger methods in the United
States Army. He also ignores the
fact that it was his faulty intelli-
gence, not the Second Division S,
which l criticized in the Yalu
River advance. If Willoughby's in
.telligence had been more accurate,
the Division never would have got
in the position where it was
forced to retreat"
| Mr.. Boyle said American intelli-
gence in Korea, for which Gen
iWilloughby was responsible, was
"tragically bad" He said:
| The generals job was to obtain
information about the Chinese
and to evaluate it. I thought then
and I still think, that our intelli-
gence was tragically bad. Gen
Willoughby. naturally, feels other
wise. In this case. the events give
the ansWer-the troops ran into
complete surprise, and were de-
cisively beaten back. Generalities
about bias and prejudice cannot
outweigh the hard facts Of defeat
and the cold statistics of losses. II
was not bias and prejudice that
rolled the Army back across thou
sands of square miles Of lost
ground"
These events took place q year
ago at this time. The sequence was
this.
BY early October. the North
Korean army had been smashed
into splinter-groups which were
retreating.
3-Week Lull Follows.
In late October, the frs
Chinese troops were encountered
They were in small numbers, anc
the Chinese Red government sait
they were volunteers" They halt.
ed the U.N. forward movement.
Then there was a lull for three
!, weeks, during which the mair
force of Chinese disappeared.
/ On Nov. 20, Gen. Macarthur
Launched the Home by Christ
, mas" offensive, It was immediatel!
stopped. Three days later, thu
: Army was in full retreat, witt
. some units totally cut off. 1t fel
back to a line below Seoul before
it could regroup.
, War correspondents on th'
Evening star., 1951-06-07
Music
Choristers Offer
Varied Program
At Spring Concert
By Elena de Soyn

The third annual spring con-
cert of the Agriculture Choristers
in the jefferson Auditorium last
night offered a two-hour program,
climaxed by an ambitious presen-
tation of the seance scene from
Menotti's 'The Medium"
Grace Mehl. an employe of the
Department of Agriculture. as
sisted by company of amateur
talent, which she organized, ap-
peared in the title role which she
sang with understanding of its
dramatic significance. The part
of Monica, her daughter, was
taken by Virginia Hunter, whose
sweet voice lent itself well to the
impersonation of a spirit from
another world. Others in the cast
were Jean Corson. George Hollen-
beck and Eileen Fox. The mise
en-scene, directed by Frank and
Ionia zelenka, and the accom-
paniment supplied at the piano by
G. Orville Trondson. co-organizer,
were carefully worked out and the
stage setting we'll planned.
A good impression was made by
the Choristers in the beginning
of the program which listed such
numbers as Bach's Now Let
Every Tongue Adore Thee: Sta
den's "a Called: Crotch's Go
Tuneful Bird; Sibelius' Dear
Land Of Home" and Lasso's Ma
tona, Charming Maiden" The
second group did not seem to have
been quite ready for a public per-
formance. In the absence o1
Richard Dirksen, who resumed
his summer engagement with the
Faith of Our Fathers" DR.. Fred
erick Fall directed.
Rex F. Hinshaw. clarinetist
member of the National Gallery
Orchestra, ably supported at thu
piano by Charlotte G. Eisler, gave
a musicianly performance o.
Rimsky -Korsakov's Hymn to tn,
Sun" and to an exacting fantasy
built on airs from Verdi's "Rigo.
lletto." Artie Shaw's promised
clarinet concerto was omitted be-
cause the music had not arrived il
time, it was explained.
The first part of the program
closed with four piano selections
by Chopin: "Ballade in A fiat op
A." "Mazurkas in c sharp Minor
op. so, No. 3 and B Minor. op. SO
NO. 4" and "Scherzo in c SHARP
Minor, op. &c." played by Edward
Schick very pleasingly.
Evening star., 1951-06-07


| tenn for more than 48 years, and
has been assistant superintendent
in charge of the colored schools
for the last 30 years. He has an
nounced his intention to retire
after school closes this month.
Extended Three Times.
He was to retire three years
ago, but his service was extended
three times by the Board of Edu-
cation. He accepted the last ex-
tension with the understanding
that a successor be found by the
end of the school year.
School Supt. Hobart M. Corning
lis conducting that search now and
expects to make recommended
Ition to the School Board in the
near future.
Francis A. Gregory, principal of
Armstrong High School, will pre-
side at the dinner. Among the
top school people expected to at
tend and pay tribute to DR.. Will
kinson are C. Melvin Sharpe,
Board of Education president; DR..
Corning, A. Kiger Savoy, associate
school superintendent; DR.. Harold
Ia. Haynes, associate school super
intendent, and DR.. Gladys Peter
lson, administrative assistant to
DR.. Wilkinson. Representatives
from various community and edu-
Icational organizations also will
speak.
Students to Send Greetings.
| Greetings from the students will
be brought by Warren Hughes,
president of the student council at
Armstrong High School: Miss
IJacqueline Polk, president of the
student council at Miner Teachers
College, and Lajuan Nathies. a
kindergarten pupil at the Logan
Elementary School.
Miss Ethel H. Grubbs, head of
the mathematics department, will
present gift to DR.. Wilkinson on
behalf of his friends.
The committee in charge an
Evening star., 1951-06-07
Gen. Armstrong Takes
Oath as Medical Chief
BY the Associated Press

Maj. Gen. George E. Armstrong
was sworn in yesterday as surgeon
general Of the Army. at a cere-
mony in the Office of Gen. j. Law
ton Collins. Army Chief of Staff.
Gen. Armstrong succeeds Mai.
Gen. Raymond w. Bliss, whose
retirement from the Army after
40 years service became effective
May 81.
Gen. Armstrong is a native of
|Springville, Ind, and a graduate
|of Indiana University. He had
been deputy surgeon general Of
1.-THE Army since June /, 1947.
Evening star., 1951-06-07
IAir Force to Toke Over
Academy in Mississippi
By the Asseeiated Press

The Air Force plans to take
over the Gulf Coast Military
ACADEMY In Mississippi as head
quarters for its new Technical
Command.
The academy is a private school
lon the Gulf Coast between Biloxi
and Gulfport. Maj. Gen. Charles
Chauncey is to be commanding
general for the headquarters
which will be under Scott Field
I'M. It will direct the training
of technical personnel-mechan
les, electricians, etc.-at various
fields throughout the country.
Evening star., 1951-06-07

nounces that reservations can be
made through Mrs. Mary S. Whit
field of the Federation of Parent
Teacher Associations, who lives at
2931 Eleventh street NV, or Miss
Minnie D. Bell, who lives at 1925
IGirard street NE. Those wishing
reservations were asked to make
them before noon tomorrow.
Evening star., 1951-06-07
Silver Spring Hospital
Association to Elect

| The Silver Spring Hospital AS
sociation will elect officers at its
annual meeting at pm. Tuesday
in the Bank of Silver Spring.
Ralph D. Boyd, president, is
seeking the attendance of every
one in the community interested
lin the construction of a Silver
Spring hospital.
Evening star., 1951-06-07

Sch0OlS, at {
pm. Monday al
h e Commerce
Depart m e n I
cafeteria.
S po n Sors o1
the dinner are
the Federation
of p q r e n t.
Teacher ASSo.
Citations a n {
1rlenQS anu as
sociates of DR.
Wilkinson.
DR.. Wilkinson
has been with
Evening star., 1951-06-07
Associates 10 Honor
Wilkinson, Quitting
District Schools Post

A testimonial dinner will be
held for DR.. Garnet c. Wilkinson,
~, retiring assistant superin-
Itendent in charge of colored
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30

IA pump failure could mean that
the deep well that provides water
for the house had failed.
And, naturally, you expect the
worst until you find that some
other little gadget is out of order
and the well still has water in it.
Once before when the pump
failed we found that 1t had lost
its primer. When that happens
you unscrew the pressure guage
and pour in water.
This time Jane thought the
pump needed printing again, Sc
she got out all the wrenches she
could find and went to work. She
couldn't get the wrenches to fit
the pipe very well, so she never
got the pump primed.
e 1t wouldn't have done any good
anyway, because when the plumb
er finally got there he found the
air hose to the pressure tank
broken.
! All he had to do was to stop
up the hole and the pump went
to work again. Very simple If
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
1Dl4sya21 g.! s9sttsss r.
&k 49,
6Y PETER RoC(


skin whaled of him in the occa-
Sional event Of detection. It will
give him the idea that you are
all-seeing and that justice Is Ger
tain to follow Immediately on the
heels of his fault.
A light punishment, accompan-
led by a sharp reproof, at the mo-
ment Of a misdeed, is worth so
times as much as harsher treat
ment administered only at such
rare times as the misdemeanor
happens to be discovered. Let
penalty follow instantly on the
heels of a fault. Never at a later
hour.
@. Can you tell me what a
Normand dog is and give me a
description of it?-K. L. D.
A. It is a French breed similar
to a mixture of our hound and
pointer. It stands about % inches
high and weighs approximately rs
pounds. The skin on it's face is
loose and wrinkled and it has a
very coarse muzzle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
BY james BirchfieId-

you know how, but it caused a
day of worry.
And to Think missed it all.
\
If you are interested in gre
nations" I think I know where
you can get one.
A cremation" by the way, is a
sort Of dog. He Cor she), is a
cross between q greyhound and
a Dalmatian. I can't report from
first hand, but I'm told they are
something Specialize speed OF
the greyhound and the stamina
of the Dalmatian, you know.
They are up at Mrs. Herman
H. Pohl's near Leesburg. And
while she thinks they are charm
Iing-too many "gremations" can
be a problem.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
Garden Club
Activities

The garden section Of the
Junior Woman's Club of Chevy
Chase, Md, will meet at the home
of Mrs. James F. Moulton, 2108
Belvedere drive. Silver Spring,
Md. tomorrow night at 8 o'clock.
After the business meeting, men,
bers will hear from Wilbur H.
Youngman, garden editor of The
Star. Club members who plan to
attend are requested to contact
Mrs. Robert w. Root at Oliver
0183.
The Garden Club of Chevy
Chase, Md, will meet Wednesday
at 3 pm. at the residence of Mrs.
Joseph Coy Green. 10 Quincy
street, Chevy Chase. Mrs. John A.
|Selby will be co-hostess.
Members will bring flower ar
arrangements of roadside materials
which will be judged by Mrs. Her
bert II. Greger. The program will
be an Interchange Of Garden
Lore" by Mrs. Rudolph Max
Kaufman. Mrs. Christopher
Granger and Mrs. Chester Wells
The Perennial Garden Clut
will hold a meeting Monday. Oc.
tober 8, at the Woodward &
Lothrop suburban store audi.
forum, where Mrs. Ruth Kistnel
will present flower arrangements
Tickets and reservations are ir
charge of Mrs. Harold De Veau
Wisconsin 9279.
The Neighborhood Garden Club
Of Arlington is holding its annual
fall flower show at the Mount
Olivet Methodist Church, North
Glebe road at Sixteenth street,
Arlington. next Saturday, October
s. The show will be open to the
public from 3 to 9 pm. Flower
arrangements and horticultural
specimens will be in competition
for a series of awards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
This Week
in the
Garden

CladloluS cormS should be dug
as soon as the foliage begins to
turn brown. To leave in the
ground after they have ripened is
to encourage disease. After lift
ing. the tops should be removed
2 or inches above the CORN and
the corms allowed to dry in the
sun for several days until cured.
The corms may then be stored in
open crates for several weeks be-
fore cleaning. Cleaning consists
of removing the old dried-up
CORN, the roots and the loose
husks and stem. They do not
need to be peeled. Dust the
cleaned corms with DOT and store
in cool. dry place until planting
time.
1t is not too late to plant let
tuce, spinach and radishes, al
though the ground is so dry that
little growth may be expected I'M
less the garden can be watered.
Leaf lettuce will develop in time
for use this fall but head lettuce
takes too long to reach maturity
except In the more protected Sec
tons.
1t is not too late to SOW a green
manure crop in land vacated by
vegetables or annual flowers. Com
mon ryegrass will make a good
growth and greatly improve the
soil. Sow at the rate of or s
pounds per 1000 square feet of
area. The seed probably will not
terminate until the ground is
moistened by a shower or two but
will make rapid growth thereafter.
A narrow shelf or border at the
foot of retaining walls will make
trimming an easy job because then
the lawnmower will take care of
the tall grass and weeds that
normally thrive in such a sitra-
ton. The ledge need not be more
than 4 inches in width. -.
In grading the lawn try not to
have a slope greater than 20 de-
greeS because sleeper slopes are
hard to NOW, suffer excessive ero-
sion and in some cases the soil
slides. If the space does not per-
NIT a gradual slope, use a re-
tanning wall-a dry wall planted
with flowers, dwarf shrubs. If fac
ing the north ferns can be made
and attractive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
Woodbridge Club
Has DuhIiu Show

The annual dahlia and fall flow
er show Of the Woodbridge Gar
den Club will be held Friday from
8 to 10 pm. at Taft Junior High
School, Eighteenth and Perry
streets NE. Mr.. and Mrs. John
A. Theodore are co-chairmen of
the show.
Catering mostly to dahlias, the
schedule calls dor classes for large,
medium and small Towering dahl
las and seedlings. fall roses and
arrangements, with five classes
open for other blooms. A full
staff of judges will pass on ex-
hibitors' entries an hour before
the show opens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
Farm Ponds Cited
In Soil Proqrun

During Maryland land week,
october 7-13. also being observed
as fire-prevention week, farm
ponds will receive double consid-
Grafton by the $4,000 farmers of
Maryland" DR.. Gordon M. Cairns.
dean of agriculture and member
of the State Soil Conservation
Committee. said today.
There are now approximately
500 farm ponds playing vital roles
in the soil and water conserva-
ton of Maryland farms. They are
popular with farmers because of
their multiple value to the farm
operation"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30

The dog collar is almost as old
as any item Of mankind's raiment
and it has undergone as many
changes in its time.
Dog collars probably were in
vented to serve their purpose of
fastening their wearers to some
wall or post by means of chain
or rope, but in museums through
out the world there are specimens
which prove they also had less
peaceful uses. For instance, there
are preserved wide metal collars
studded with murderous long
spikes that were worn by dogs in
bear hunts, ETC.. as offensive weap-
ons. Broad iron or brass collars
without spikes surrounded the
|necks of wolf hunting dogs. These
served as armor for the CANNES
sensitive Threats when wolves
slashed at them.
Three hundred thousand drug
stores carry $500 standard prep
Iarations for dogs, from medical
ments to beautif1ers. A Park
avenue canine beauty shop gives
the works-cleaning, plucking and
trimming-for So. Two uni
versity graduates run a dog laun-
dry. with their own truck equipped
with electric dryers, at a price Of
isl per scrubbing.
There are about $50 modern
small animal hospitals in the Unit
ed States. One in Hollywood
has private rooms with running
water. Many of them are air.
conditioned and soundproof.
New York's estimated canine pop
ulation is 100000. Manhattan
apartment house dwellers can
have their dogs walked" regu-
larly at $3.50 a week. Dog
parking costs 10 cents an hour.
Interesting facts about different
breeds OF dogs: In South Africa
the Great Dane is considered q
fearless hunter and is supposed
to be one Of the few dogs that
will tackle a baboon. They are
used quite extensively there fol
that purpose. Contrary to gen.
eral opinion, the Great Dane ha.
a good nose. In the past few
years this breed has won many
trailing and retrieving contests
in England. Believe it or not
plantations are born pure white
their spots appear as they grow
older.
My grandmother was wise ole
dame. She had this maxim fol-
the disciplining of children:
1.-THE certainty of punishment
means much more than its sever
ity."
In other words, if a youthful
culprit could be made to under
stand that penalty was to follow
on his or her misdeeds, the knowl-
edge would do far more to prevent
such misdeeds than would the fear
Of brutally severe punishment.
1t is SO with your dog. 1t is in
finitely better discipline and in
flnitely wiser in every way to let
him learn that every kind of mis-
behavior will be followed at once
by scolding or mild punishment
than that he is going to get the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
Virginia OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES

Conservation Of Virginia's nat
ural resources-soil. water, wild
life and forests-will receive en-
phasis during the week of October
81.
The week was designated by
Gov. John S. Battle as natural
resources conservation week" He
pointed out that this is the first
observance in Virginia which is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30
Life in the Country
All You Have to Do Is Go Away
And Something Breaks on the Farm

I don't know why it is, but every
time I leave home something
breaks.
1t is convenient for me, of
course. but pretty tough on the
rest of the family. All get out
|of it is the story of the trials and
tribulations when I get home
again.
The last time I was away for
Ia few days. the water pump broke
and at this season that could be
Ia tragedy. AS dry as it has been,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1951-09-30

concerned with all phases of con-
servation.
Head Of the committee In
charge is r. j. Fisher. Gordons-
vile. chairman of the Virginia
District Supervisors.
Tours. exhibits and other meth
DDS Of acquainting Virginia with
the needs and aims of conserva-
ton are being planned.