davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-15

OUR IRRIGATED LAND, where
a lot of water is used, is likely to get
alright, which stops the bacteria in
the ground from working. This Is
what happens when our beets turn
yellow too early in the summer.
This condition can only be over
come by adding lot of barnyard
fertilizer to the ground.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-15
Farm and Ranch Experiences
Hold Spring Runoff
SubtiIted Soil SOdks 1t Up

WE HAVE ALWAYS been con-
cerned over the moisture we lose
from the runoff from the melting
SHOWS in the spring. To us, and we
think to every farmer on dryland,
this is important.
A good many years back we tried
onewaying in the fall. This did away
with stubble and allowed snow to
blow away and the land to drift.
Then we tried small shovels but this,
too, would get stubble down to a
certain extent. Then later on we
tried large shovels, say "a to 30-inch,
which were successful if it wasn't
too dry in the fall to get them in
the ground we seemed to be gaining
right along in the way of better
crops, less drifting and land appar-
emily with more life to it.
We would drive miles whenever
we heard of farmer doing this
kind of work, only to find him do
ing the work in the spring of the
year after he had lost all of his
valuable winter moisture-not our
idea.
Changed 10 Subsurface Tiller
A few years back we purchased
heavy blade-type tiller. This ma
chine is built to work in hard, dry
ground. As soon as seeding is over,
we hitch onto this implement, put
ting it into the ground a good 8
inches, which leaves the ground very
loose, and stubble stands as it was
when combined.
Then when our snow melts in the
spring this land is in a condition
to take up the moisture and it will
hold the moisture until such a time
that you can cultivate it in the
spring This gives you a big advan-
tage with your spring work. Then
you have your stubb1e on top to
keep the wind from getting at your
land, sun baking it, running it to-
gether, etc. About all you have to
do is to rod weed for cultivation, as
this land is nice and mellow all
season with plenty of moisture.
1t is surprising how easy it is to
get implements through this trash
when it is not mixed in the ground
and 1 believe that it is generally
agreed that this mulch belongs or
top of the ground.
Excess Sfubble
There are conditions where there
Is an excess amount of stubble tina
will have to be cut up, especially i
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-15

IT'S COMICAL as it can be the
way Mirandy works on me to be
like more ambitious men and
work little now and then. You'd
think that after all these years
of pleading, storming, threats and
tears, she'd know it is a hopeless
task and wouldn't waste the time
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
MURRAY
ANNOUNCES
EXAMINATION

Washington. u. C.-Nenator lanes
L. MURRAY announced recently that
he will select his candidates Tor ap-
Ipolntmcnt to one vacancy at the [. 5.
Naval Academy and one vacancy at
the I. :. Military Ncadcmy i'll 1851
by means oi a competitive examlna-
ton to be conducted by the {. s..
Civil Service Commission on Mon
day, July II. 1850 The examine
ton is scheduled 10 be held at the
following points in Montana:
Billings, Bozeman, Butte, Glasgow,
Glcndivc. Great Falls, ~lIayrc, Hell
cna, kalispell, IcwiStown, Miles
City, MisSoula, and Plentywood.
Special arrangements may be made
Tor scrviccmen 10 take the cNamm-
alton wherever they are stationed.
Eligibility Ia take the eNamina-
ton Will be granted by Senator
Murray, upon application. 10 all
Young men who are actual residents
Of Montana and within the age
limits.
Senator Murray emphasized that
candidates will be nominated strict
~ i'll accordance with their standing
in the competitive examination, and
that no political endorsements OF
any kind are necessary.
Full information regarding the
scope and character OF the examina-
ton, as well as the requirements for
admission to the Academies. may be
had by writing to Senator James +.
Murray. III Senate Office Bldg,
Washington Is. d. {. Those de-
string to take the examination should
write to Senator Murray at once for
application blanks.
About ; and one-hali hours will be
required Tor the examination. No
special preparation on the part OF
candidates is required and none
should be necessary Tor those who
have a good knowledge OF high
school algebra.
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
Executive Board Of
Teachers Federation
To Meet In Butte

The Executive Council oi the Mon
tana Fed. OF Teacher, al lis meeting
Saturday i'll Butte stated that over
crowded classruomS and ONerburd
ened teachers are major problems
which must be considered in rela-
tionship to the welfare al the children
oi the nation. Teachers are alarmed
At the increased demands on their
-ucy and time As classroom
lor duties not strictly II
an ,tructional nature. They re.
commend that every teacher he given
an opportunity 10 teach al maximum
efficiency during the school day and
that classes be limited t. nol more
than 3 pupils
The organization pledged itsell
10 work Tor more generous financing
OF public schools. To achieve thi,
goal the foundation program ~
framed in the new school finance law
must be increased. Also endorsed
was the increase ri the states share
OF this program To a full 50 per cent
To allow tor local variations IN the
cost OF educating the child an in
crease III the permi>sive leyics was
sanctioned. Since public education
is essential the group regrets that
adequate school financing is too
often dependent upon the passage oi
local district l%eyies. 1t believes that
the next legislature must seriously
consider this problem to keep faith
with Montana'> children and orr
democratic way OF life.
The group went on record As pi>
ing complete support 10 the Butte
Teachers Union in lis tenure case
involving teachers over Is. This
case i nov OH is way To the Mon
tana Supreme Court. " d. Rankin
Of Helena. Levi, Rotcring and
William lrccbourn of Butte are the
attorneys Tor the teachers union
The council laid plans for the
nth annual convention OF the state
organization oi teachers unions TO
be held in Butte in October at which
time the membership Will have an
opportunity to hear nationally re
coenizcd authorities in the fields
OF education and labor.
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
AL Calls On CLIO to Work
For Organic Labor Unity

Philadelphia The american Fed
GRAFTON oi Labor called upon the
Cougre., oi Industrial Organization,
20 ~ork out a permanent merger oi
'hc tNo 1rgani1aiion, and offered 70
-'ar; Immediately
The AEI. Executive Council pro
posed tina, this be accomplished
through negotiation, BY committees
81 the MI. and Go.
~ = are prepared 10 select a COM
mu,cr i, meet a like committee OF
the GO to cngage in conference
lsaking toward an early and success
ul realization oi unity upon a per
maucut andS ccure basis between u
respective organizations" MEL Pres
ldent William Green said in the
council, answer to Go President
pAilip Murray.
Mr Murray had proposed on \prii
3. wat organized labor set up a top
IpaNC group ior functional unity
tie ,rnr the proposal not only 70 the
Nh. hu, To- independent Operating
Railroad Broihcrhoods. Railway La
aor Executive, association, United
Mime Workers and international As
,oNiation 81 Machinists.
Mr. Green pointed out At a news
conference that bs including 50 large
group there might be considerable
lclas 10 ciir,ting an organic rela-
uou,hip SO. a, IN the past. the AL
stressed the Importance OF achieving
,rganic unity first between the AL
and Go.
The Executive Council said that II
the Nl'l. and ClO can work out a
permanent and secure basis OF merger
Il, will lead 10 organic unity oi all
arer, and groupings OF organized
labor IN America"
Mr. Grccn reminded Mr., Murray
that the Atl. has made several ap-
peal, previously ior permanent and
secure merger He said the AFL is
III complete accord with the neces-
ut, 81 unit, in all fields d organized
labof> actisitie,
He said that. under the AFI- plan,
instead 81 ,wu organizations tight
ing each other, there would be one
big organization, conserving our
financial resources and strength. not
raidine each other. and rendering
lap service 10 rank and lille workers.
organized aud nnorganized
The question 81 labor unity was the
first big issue taken up by the FIX
,ccutvc Council at its spring meet
ing Still on the agenda were legis
~lativc. political and organizational
matters
The Council met here in conncc
tion with the mammoth AFl. | mon
Industries Show and the annual ON
cntion ~ the Pennsylvania Zebra
|fpn III Labor
In other developments
The Executive Council endorsed
the strike rs member, Of the AtL
Commercial Photographers Union
against the United Press and offered
iull support
Mr. Green told reporters that III.
supreme Cour, decision UNFOLDING
non-cammnni,t aiiidavits OF TAFT
lmiartlcs las indicated the AFL
decision 10 sign the oath while work
ing ior repeal Of the act.
Our acceptance ot the affidavit
MA, been yindicatcd. Mr. Green told
4 ucw, conference. we regret it
a, one II the Objectionable feature,
oi the lax But to advance the in
lcre>, 81 our people We ielt it our
iuu 10 sign right from the begin
ming Mud We did So
Repeal ni the law remains the
Nl,f', 80 ! legislative objective
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
BILLINGS ATTORNEY FILES
FOR HIGH COURT

+. F. Collins OF Billing, filed Tor
Associate Justice Of the Montana
Supreme Court.
Four seekers receiving the higeSt
vote in the primary election will run
Non-Partisian in the general cleo
ION
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
BUTTE M
TRADES COUNCIL

eve Do Not P~atronire List)
JOE TORPEY, PLASTERER
South OF the City.
KENNETH PARMALEE -
9 w. Woolman. Parmalee
Plumbing Co.
P. ]. HANRATTY-Caledonia
and Jackson Streets.
HENRY GIROUX- Arizona
and First Streets.
Builder.
JOHN MARKOVICH-Home
Builder. (IIome Address 2l23
George Street.
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18

The two symbols of independence
for 1850 are the Liberty Bell and
u. S. Savings Bonds. They ex-
emplify the independence Drive
slogan "Save for YOUR Independ-
ence-Buy U. S. Savings Bonds"
Just as the Liberty Bell signifies ma
tional independence, Savings Bonds
spell financial independence. YOUR
government is providing the means
for future finan ial security by Of
fering q safe, sure and methodical
way Of protecting your future
through Savings Bonds. Each pay
day, from now on, put a slice Of
your pay envelope into Savings
Bonds by enrolling for the Payroll
Savings Plan where you work. or if
self-employed, the Bond-A-MOn th
Plan at your bank.
u. 5. Treasury Department
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18

Investigate fully any outside solicitations for advertising.
Some fly by night so-called Labor paper has been calling and
writing our local business firms for ads. stating that they repre-
sent the AFL- They do not!
If in doubt call 1859. Do not accept any long distance calls
if you don't know who they are from.
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
WHAT IS FREE ENTERPRISE?

The american Free Enterprise
system What is il
The radio and newspapers ,e..
u, that everything that our All
stands ior i, going to destroy Tree
enterprise and going to lead u, =.
Socialism ii not Communism.
Since the end oi the war mann
featuring. construction. sales, and
profits have doomed a, lever bel rs
Business men never had II so god
Ncl the big business boys arcu5t
happy. The country i going ir'tii
bad To worse We mus, restore "iret
cutcrpri>e-so they say.
VII, weren't they happy The oul
answer we can come up with +
that they won't be happy until Il
and the, alone can again dictate the
rules ri the game. looming ha,
mess and bonanza profits. aren't
enough Ia satisfy their souls. They
also want, unlimited power ior 70,
own sake ~ we'll.
In the good old days big BIZ,
ines, had that power. 1t elected tn
Congress. 1t named the President
1t named the Judges. The laws and
the courts protected vested property
rights iirst and human rights second
Unions were kept weak so that the
companies had absolute power over
the daily bread OF their employees
Don't be fooled by the babbling Of
the big business phony lobby fronts
They aren't against government in
reference.
They aren't against government
subsidies What they want is free
dom 10 conduct their enterprise
in any manner they see lit and
The public be damned They want
government interference To protect
their arbitrary powers and not the
constitutional rights of the employ
ccs.
They want the subsidies To go only
IL business i'll the form OF land
grants. mail subsidies. incentive taxes
and outright gifts. What they object
10 Is government services To farmers
and social security payments to or
dinarN citizens.
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18

au,e and theatre III lAn0h were
t.alsc and theatre an Lynch. ~ the
LARGEST town III the county. The
nA police III snch were company
thugs the chief OF
iolise ipek his orders IRON COM
pAuA headquarief, IN Pi,s,burg. Pa
i.tea constitutional right wa> via
lated HE ,ompanie, werc a Law
Unit themselves until passage
1T tie Wagner .Nci It wa> onl, TIN,
vi Winch brought about the world
sa,eklne courl trial, and a unioa
5otifa,, IN lqSs
Harlan County wa> an extreme
example - what Wa, typical before
the Wagner Nci VA, passed The
rapid growth nf union membership
dtt,r us proved beyond i doub, thai,
EMPLOYEES wanted to JOIN unions.
bat ihet feared to do 80 lhet
lnnipcd when the Wagner Not gay
them the chance Trade nnion mem
hef,hip ifiplcd between the passage
II The Wagner Net III loss and our
eulfA inia Norld Var II From a
lom oi le,, than ) million in lqi
or membership III the MI. ha>
Nmped to almost $ million ,pdaN
Nmeriedn workers remember ,hs
good Old da>, and don't want
- a. h,,l III. h,s h,..n ~.
~. -. os
Iiar N. nn,,n hon c;,..n ~. ,nit,,n.
~ ua,lrr. me- H.. Taf,
u,r,l., H.,
n ~ ,.r - Id.
~, .,,.n. -, -, -,
.,am -. ~,
nrae,a. ~.
wha, w. W.,
", ,,r, III .,a
,,.,rn. ,n,a14 ~
49, VI.
-,
f''e'' ~ ~"
~p''srN''' '"' s'''
'''a' ~it''p''N
w ""','' '' }o'> ''p'''
""' ''N''p''s '''''' ~''"'P'''N'
-" I'M, "NS''', 's"'"s' '"jui''s
~ 80 '''''' nsu'''''
-, ~.
49, 49, '"''' - ""N' ''
q FftHltt fftff4Nf'fflifA Ia a nnnf1 t4ttIftt#tL
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
Want Child Labor Back

They want to go back to the da4 5
Of the Coal and Iron police and the
Ford Scrviccmcn. They want 10 81
back to the day when the local police
would wink their eyes a, vigilantcs
who treated organizers Ia a tar and
leather party They want To 20 back
to the days when judge, we're only
too eager 10 issue an injunction L.
break a strike.
They want 10 90 back to the DAY
when the foreman could stand al
the plant gate and take bids on jobs
Who will take 40 cents Tor this lathe
hand job: Who will do il ion 80
cents Md 80 on.
They want 10 go back to the opcn
shop days Of the american Plan
with it, fancy spced-up> and stop
watch incentive plans They want
to 90 back to the da>S when they
could employ liitle children ior
10 and - hours q dag They want
a lew million unemployed il
makes for better labor discipline
II YOU think tli, sound, like the
day dreams OF a soap-box orator.
dig out some records IN Your library
You don't have to 60 back 10 the
Homestead Massacre Of 1902 Just
60 back to the l9S0s-to Harlan
County. Ky,
In 1888. 60,000 people lived in IIar-
Ian COUNTY, l5.on0 81 them in com
pany-awncd towns under the absolute
rule OF the coal companies. The
reign oi terror in Harlan County
between 1854 and 1893 reads like a
horror story from behind the iron
curtain. The sheriff. the Common
wealth Attorney and the County
Judge we're all ON the secret payroll
Of the coal companies There were
more than BOO deputy shcriiis paid
and directed entirely BY the coal com
panic, As a private army
These deputies along with company
thug gang kidnapped dynamitcd.
beat up and murdered in cold blood
local citizens and union organizers
in a wholesale manner L. s. Steel
Corporation owned every road. store.
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18
Want Weak Union

aprui Silolun iuons lupM AoqL
weak and weak unions non-cxistent.
They want a Congress accountable
10 the lev not 10 the people
and for the people. That's the free
enterprise" Big Business rcallA
Ncarns Tor.
Think back not very far
just to the POS and sos
The Tree enterprise" that the big
business boys want to go back To
is the freedom to employ their own
private thugs and industrial spies.
to lire and blackball workers who
JON the union. To recruit boatload>
OF innocent immigrants Ia break
down the wage standards and SIN
the unions.
Montana labor news., 1950-05-18

lucidcniiy. Jockey Eddie Arcaro
has guessed himself right out Of
two Derby winners. He had hi,
pick. Mid~dlcground or Hill Prince,
and chose the latter after his win in
the Mood Memorial. In 1912. he
had his choice between Devil Diver
and Shut Ont. He picked Devil
Diycr shut Out was the winner.
Maybe he'll let someone else do his
picking nest year.
Evening star., 1950-04-03

foundations" during the next two
years to meet the second objec-
tive of the aid program-the res
toration of trade. To meet the
same need, President Truman has
directed Gordon Gray to set up
a program that will help foreign
countries to maintain interna-
tional trade when the Marshall!
Plan dies.
The recovery of trade, Mr.. Ache
son declared, is largely an in
ternational problem, requiring a
high degree of give and take and
difficult. even painful, adjust
ments."
I'VE are aware" he said, that
it is difficult for the governments
of the participating countries,
faced with large needs and made
quate reserves. to risk in prac-
tice what their own self interest
commends. We also recognize
that trade is astWo-way street.
for. us as well ss Abr them. and
that we bear a slarge response
bility for achieving a satisfactory
balancing of our trade with Eu-
rope and the world"
Mr.. Acheson said statistics on
the ECA programs first objective
revival of production overseas
are "alive with hope"
He said overall industrial pro-
duction in Western Europe last
year was Is per cent above the
1888 level. Coal production in
creased Is per cent above the previ-
GUS year, he declared, while the
Evening star., 1950-04-03
Toll Rises in PHILIPPINES

Communist led Hukbalahap
raids today boosted the death toll
to at least IS in six days in Cen
trail Luzon.
Scores have been wounded and
whole villages left in blackened
ruins.
The army. placed in complete
control of Luzon Saturday, was
finding it hard to come face to
face with the hit-and-run Huks.
Manila is almost in a state of
siege. Soldiers and constabulary
man guard posts outside the city.
Suburban and city police check
closely all travellers and traffic.
Police leaves in Manila have
been Cancelled. Officials plan to
call back more than 1000 retired
policemen.-AP
Evening star., 1950-04-03

l949 steel output went up by a
sixth and bread-grain production
increased by more than a half
from 1947 to l949.
To Communist charges that
ECA would mean American
domination, the Secretary said
no country has lost anything but
poverty"
Meanwhile" he added, the
peoples Of Eastern Europe and
China have learned that there is
indeed part of the world where
the harvest Of collaboration is a
bitter fruit"
Gen. Marshall told the ECA
workers they are engaged in a
contest with a foe who has designs
no less deadly than those we have
ever faced"
Make no mistake about it." he
declared. "the chips are down.
Winning this struggle is as vital
to the peace and prosperity of the
world as any military campaign in
history. Indeed. unless we achieve
victory our great military and
financial sacrifices may have been
largely in vain. I fear
Evening star., 1950-04-03
By me Asseeiesed prsss

! PITTSBURGH. April 3.-Four
big electrical companies employ
ling more than SOC, 900 workers are
Seoing to receive demands soon for
wage boosts and pension and vel
fare benefits.
The question is who will do the
asking-the new CIO Interna-
tional Union of Electrical Workers
or the Independent United Elec-
'trical Workers?
/ Ths companies ire Westing-
house Electric ccrp.. General
Electric Co. the Electrical Division
of General Motors Corp. and
Sylvania Electric Products Co.
/ None now have pension or in
suranee plans wholly financed by
the employer.
The new CIO-IUE has a con-
tract now with General Motors,
a contract won through National
Labor Relations Board election.
! Similar bargaining elections are
to be held within the next few
weeks.
New Union Decides on Goal.
The two major unions on the
ballot will be the CIO group and
the neutrality-suspicious. UE which
was ousted from the CIO several
months ago for what Philip Muir
ray, CIO president. described as
left-wing tendencies.
/ : The new CIO union decided on
it contract goals yesterday after
three days of closed sessions here
The IUE claims to have 10000
members in the fold-all former
members of the UE.
The IUE didn't specify its wage
increase desires for men now
Evening star., 1950-04-03
Teen Gongster Doomed

A teenage gang leader and three
OF his comrades were sentenced to
death in Berlin today for a reign
of terror they said was copied
from the movies and crime books.
A court in the Soviet sector i'm
posed the death sentence on Wer7
ner GladoW. l8. who said he used
Al Capone as his model in direct
ing band of SO thugs.
Gladow's mother. Lucie, linked
with the bands activities, received
Is years in prison.
The Communist press seized on
the trial to emphasize Gladow's
testimony that his ambitions were
aroused by reading American
crime books and seeing American
crime movieS.-AP.
Evening star., 1950-04-03
Warning Robbery Suspect Held
In PENNSYLVANIA Murder Case
ed the holdup occurred

he believed the holdup occurred
this way:
A man appeared at the Warning
home in the 5000 block of Macomt
street NV. carrying a crate OF
oranges. He was being admitted
to make the delivery when two
other men joined him at the door
They beat the brother -in-law
about the head and tied him up
Then they tied up the maid and
settled down to wait for Warning
When he returned home be-
tween $50 and 6 pm. they forced
him at gunpoint to open a wall
safe. then bound him and escaped
with the money.
+ Called Good Neighbor.
When first reports leaked into
headquarters. Detective Sergt
Paul Clarke and Detective Sergt
Bonaccorsy went to Warning.
home, where he "emphatically
denied" he had been robbed.
Efforts Of reporters to confirm
the report drew blanks.
Neighbors said Warning KEEP
three Great Dane dogs "as large
as ponies" The house is screened
in the rear by closely planted
evergreens and has a mirror pane
in the front door through which
occupants of the house may SEE
out.
Warning was described by neigh
bors as a quiet, good neighbor
who walks his dogs regularly.
Released in 1912.
Warning had kept out of the
public eye since 1912, when he
was released from Lorton after
serving sentences for jury tam
pering and income tax fraud.
He was indicted with two broth
ers, Charles rags Warning and
Leo Warning in March of 1898, or
charges of conspiracy to defraud
the Government of taxes or
profits from the numbers business
The first trial ended in huns
jury and the second broke ur
when Judge Bolitha j. Laws wa.
told that attempts had been made
to influence the jury.
Emmitt pleaded guilty to foul
charges of contempt for trying tt
approach jurors at the two trials
and was sentenced to 26 month.
in Lorton on these charges.
| He stopped his third trial on the
income tax case by pleading guilty
and was sentenced to serve thre,
to nine months on that charge.
Evening star., 1950-04-03
Goerinq's Treasure Small

Hermann Goering's buried treas
ure. once reported to be worth a
million dollars, turned out today
to be worth less than 10000
deutschemarks (about $2,500j.
The treasure" was found last
Friday buried in Veldenstein Cas-
tie, near Nuremberg. First reports
from German sources said it in
cluded a silver bath tub, gold
candleholders and other rare OBJ
tects.
Clarence M. Bolds, United States
commissioner for Bavaria, listed
the items today. They included
brass candlesticks, tin candle.
sticks, gilded candlesticks, a silver
bowl and 345 assorted bottles OF
champagne, wine and liquor
There was no silver bath tub.-AP