davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-04-11
u. n. Being UndersoId,
Nimitz Tells Canadians
BY the Associoted Press

LAKE SUCCESS, April 11.-Ad-
miral Chester w. Nimitz told Ca
madam sailors yesterday that the
$134 million spent last year by the
United States on the United Ma
tions brought more peace than the
United States defense budget,
which is 100 times that amount.
Nevertheless, Admiral Nirlitz
praised the joint Caribbean ma
neuvers in which the Canadian
Navy joined the United States
Navy. They are one step in pre-
venting future wars and aggres-
SION" he said.
The world expected too much
Evening star., 1950-04-11

The boys have been put in classes
according to age. and IN most
cases assigned to pools nearest
their homes.
Fred D. Carl, director of the
program, described the first days
work as getting the youngsters
physically and mentally adjust
ed" to being in water.
BY Saturday, they are supposed
to be able to swim so feet. Those
who succeed, will receive buttons
and certificates. Mr.. Carl said
those who cannot swim the re-
qulred distance will have bene-
fitted by learning the basic prin-
clples of swimming and water
safety.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11
We have limited number of copies of
scoops PAY THEIR TAXES"
In pamphlet form
100 Copies $500
The Peoples Voice
Box 838 Helena

incOnceivable, it were held constitutional Then if
cO-opS went on conducting their business their
traditional market-prce sale basis they would be
penalizing both themselves and their members
What would they do? The obvious way to deal with
that situation would be to the whole business at
cost in the first place The coops would begin to sell
as nearly at cost possible. In most cases that
would mean selling. we'll below the market price.
This would change the nature of co-operatives but
it would by no means put them out of business In
fact, it would put them in business with vengeance.
For no longer would coop patrons be largely limited
to people willing to wait for six months or year be-
fore receiving the savings due them
Instead, everyone for miles around, seeming bar
gain prices based cost rather than market,
would rush to the coop. Membership in the coop
would have very different meaning since every pur
chaser would automatically gain his savings at the
time of purchase. If the law required that co-ops do
business only with members, then, with the tax in
effect and co-ops offering bargains below anyone
eses prices, everybody and his brother would join
the coop. There is constitutional way to compel
coop to charge more than cents, for example,
for membership. Neither is there any constitu-
tonal way to prevent co-ops from continuing to OPP
crate for the direct and sole benefit of their custom
And unless, therefore, the Constitution is amend
ed to make it high crime to conduct prof
it business at ALL coops will continue to treat their
patrons better than other businesses do and they will
in one way another retain advantage
though by means an unfair one-as result.
So what is the answer? It's the answer that
good lawyers and good lawmakers have always
found. is to establish principles of law and then
apply them across the board without fear or favor
The basic principle is the simple applied in
American law. 1t is this if any business, co-opera-
i've or otherwise, receives earnings and keeps them
n it's own name then it should be taxed on such
earnings but if business fails to make earnings,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11

able validity. Businesses run as cooperatives for
the benefit of patrons non-proft businesses so
long ownership of their savings Cor margins)
clearly resides in the patrons rather than in the bust
ness itself. Patronage refunds therefore, however
paid, cannot be the property of taxable against
the cooperative for the simple that they
the legal property of the patrons
To contend that patronage refunds should be tax
ed against the cooperative if paid in other
form than cash is unreasonable Let us suppose
curties for him, and that the agent purchased the
desired securities for $50 instead of 5000 When
the agent sought to return the $50 to it's owner the
owner said "No, just keep the $50 and when you
have good opportunity invest it for in some
good property To say that in such the agent
had $50 of income is ridiculous Yet this is exactly
the sort of thing which happens when a coop mem
Der reingests his patronage refund money in his
operative
The attack patronage refunds not paid in cash
is, however, altogether understandable. Co-opS do
not have to Wall Street LaSalle Street for
their capital. They get it from the people-from
their members who almost always folk in very
modest circumstances The principal time when
these members invest is when they receive their
patronage refunds. If penalty tax could be passed
against patronage refunds reinvested in co-opera-
tive their growth might be slowed down. The OBJ
jective of the co-ops' competitors would have been
accomplished by political maneuver
KIPLINGER MAGAZINE, certainly no pro-co-op
organ, mades some pointed remarks about such meth
DDS in the November 1947 issue. 1t said: "Co-ops
are doughty competitors chiefly because they oper
ate by nature buyers market basis regardless
IF economic conditions Other businesses tend to
work on a sellers market psychology So it
clear that the coop question will be settled in the
market place the basis of competitive efficiency.
Fowler in THE COOPERATIVE CHALLENGE, is
willing to leave things on such basis 1t would be
strange indeed if supporters of free enterprise de-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11

represent small business are false.
The committees report released
February FL, 1850, indicates the
main sources of funds in 1949 for
the National Tax Equality Associa-
ton (NTEA) was the nations priv
ate utilities, not small business by
any means. The NTEA had re-
ceipts of 100000 in 1949 with
which to campaign directly against
the latter owned main
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11

Other organizations representing
far-flung industrial and commercial
empires are the National Small Bus
inessmen's Association, the Small
Business Economic Foundation and
the National Associated Business
men. Supplying funds for SBEF
were Standard Oil, Sears and Roe
buck, US. Steel, Goodyear Tire and
Rubber, among others.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11

ly by American farmers on a demo-
cratic basis.
Of the more than forty contrib
utors to NTEA, 16 were public util
tiles while the remainder were pro-
cessors and handlers of grain, dairy
products, fertilizer, lumber, hard
ware and insurance.
Here are the names of some of
the supporters of NTEA:
Public Service of Colorado,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11

vital distinction very clearly 1t stated edtorially
''There is to treat dividend on stock like
a co-op's patronage refunds. The is return on
profit-seeking capital, the other corrects
charge underpayment. Corporation stockhold-
share profits from sales to outsiders coop
bers share savings from trading their own &C
count. The distinction between profits and savings
is genuine, and Congress has no moral need to blur
it, To understand it clearly, remember that bust
ness corporations also make tax-free patronage
refunds. Eagle Stamps are an example,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11
CO-OPS PAY
Reprinted from CHRISTIAN CENTURY
Continued from last week
By JERRY VOORHIS, Secretary
COOPERATIVE LEAGUE OF U.S.A.

ponent of co-operatives through the years The big
tax advantage that the co-ops enjoy and unfair
ly is the privilege of accommodating capital out of
earnings without paying taxes either individual
business or an ordinary corporation would have
to do This is done by the device of retaining So
called patronage dividends giving the customers to
whom they are due book credit instead of cash. A
corporation also retain earnings for business
pansion if the stockholders desire. But the cor
poration has to pay SO per cent tax whether keeps
the money in the business pays it dividends'
So runs the argument. 1t has been reiterated
and over. But it is essentially and basically
false. 1t simply is not true that corporation
individual business would be taxed if they did exactly
what the cooperative and its customers do
Baseless Charges
If any corporation, individually owned business
partnership to institute program of refunds
to customers based patronage and if those GUS
toners liked such business concern we'll that
they agreed to accept stock certificates of owner
ship in lieu of immediate cash payment-in order,
for example, to make possible the opening of new
experimentation that business would be
taxed on the money renvested IN it by it's custom
ers than cooperative is.
Again. it is not true as implied in the above quo
taton that cooperative could do what the corpor-
alton does without paying tax the same basis as
the corporation. If cooperative retains earnings
for business expansion without allocating ownership
of the money to its patrons it is taxed funds so
retained. And if co-operatives stockholders, as
distinguished from its patrons chose to leave the in
terest Cor dividends their stock in the hands of
the coop for expansion the cooperative would be
taxed that money income to it. The coop, too,
in the of payments to stockholders, has to pay
SO per cent tax whether it keeps the money in the
business or pays it out as dividend"
Opponents of co-ops try to win their case by con-
fusing the peoples minds between stockholders,
on the one hand, and patrons the other. But the
ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH, one of Americas
best newspapers by standard, has explained this
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11

cned that challenge and became obsessed, instead,
with legal maneuvers to restrict co-ops. The legal
maneuvers probably will not turn out desired The
co-ops will still be in there competing, and other
businessmen will have wasted time they could have
spent studying ways to meet the cooperative cha-
Ienge.
Suppose bill taxing patronage refunds were to
pass Congress. And suppose, although it is almost
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11
WHO FIGHTS The
C0.0PERATIVES?

A congressional committee on
small business headed by Rep. Pat
man, Texas, has exposed the NTEA
as one of the four organizations con-
Quoting propaganda campaign in
the name of small business and says
that the claims of all the groups to
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11
MONTANA POWER COMPANY,

Florida Power and Light, Public
Service of Indiana, Kentucky Util-
tiles, Southwestern Gas & Elec-
trio, Detroit Edison, Public Serv-
ice Electric and Gas of Newark,
Consolidated Edison, Carolina
Power and Light, Columbus and
Southern Ohio Electric; Duquense
Light of Pittsburgh, Texas Electric
Service, Utah Power and Light.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11

if it deliberately oblgaes itself to dvest itself of
what would otherwise be earnings by paying them to
Others then that business cannot in justice be taxed
on income it does not possess. Nothing could be
closer to true 'tax equality" than this principle
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-08-11
THEIR TAXES!
Stockholders or Patrons?

The distinction in law and practice between
and patrons is basic and of unquestion
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10
Extent Of COP Gains
ShOIUR In StGte-BV-
State Roundup
Continued from hrst page)
Massachusetts

Continued from first page)
Massachusetts
Democratic governor Paul A.
Dever reelected. Republicans again
won eight House seats to Demo-
Gratis six.
Michigan
Harry F. Kelly (R) depOsed Gov.
G. Mennen Williams CD. House
divisions same as before: Republi-
cans IL, Democrats 5.
Minnesota
Luther w. Youngdahl (R) re-
elected governor. House lineup
same as before: Republicans 5,
Democrats 4.
Mississippi
Seven House. seats went Demo-
cratic, as always.
Missouri
Democrat Thomas C. Hennings,
Jr., knocked Republican Forrest C..
DOnnell out of Senate. Democrats
won nine House seats, Republicans
two, with two races uncertain. Old
lineup: Democrats 12, Republicans
1.
Montana
Two House members, one Repub-
lican, other Democrat, both re-
elected.
Nebraska
Republican Coy. Val Peterson re-
elected. Republicans took four
House seats instead of only three
as before.
Nevada
Pat McCarran CD reelected to
Senate. Democrat Gov. Vail Pitt
man, seeking reelection, beaten by
Charles Russell (R). Democrat
holder Of only House seat return
ed to office
New Hampshire
Senator Charles w. TObey. Gov.
Sherman Adams, and two House
members reelected. All Republi-
cans.
New Jersey
House lineup stays nine Republi-
can, five Democrats.
New Mexico
Republican Edwin L. Mochem
won the governorship. Democrats
kept states two House seats.
New York
Thomas E. Dewey (R) reelected
governor. Herbert H. Lehman Cd
kept Senate seat. beating Joe R.
Hanley. New House lineup: Repub-
licans %, Democrats % (Old line
up: Democrats "a. Republicans 20,
American Labor Party u.
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10
North CaroIina

North Carolina
Democrats sent Clyde r. HOey
back to Senate, put Willis Smith
in other Senate seat. Reaped IL
House seats as usual.
North Dakota
A Republican sweep. c. Norman
Brunsdale becomes governor, Mil
ton r. Young returns to Senate.
Two House seats still COP.
Ohio
Robert A. Taft CR) breezed back
to Senate, and Republicans made
gain of four House seats. New
House lineup: Is Republicans, z
Democrats, 1 Independent. Frank
J. Lausche Cd reelected governor.
Oklahoma
Democrat Congressman A. s.
Mike MOnToney won Senate seat.
Democrats lost complete control of
the eight House seats. New lineup
is: Democrats 6, Republicans 2.
Johnson Murray Cd won COVER
nOrship.
oregon
Clean sweep for COP, with
Wayne Morse returning to Senate,
Republicans keeping all four
House seats, and Douglas Mckay
holding onto governors chair.
Pennsylvania
James H. Duff (R) took Senate
seat from Senator Francis ]. N.Y.
Aers (D). Another Republican, John
s. Fine, named governor. Republi-
cans increased House seats by two,
new lineup being: Republicans 20,
Democrats 13.
Rhode Island
Democratic sweep. John 0. Pas
tore elected senator. Dennis J. Rob-
erts elected governor. Democrats
reelected to two House seats.
South Carolina
Democrats put James F. Byrnes,
former secretary of state, in gov
ernOr's chair, and reelected Olin d.
Johnston to Senate. Kept all six
House seats.
South Dakota
Francis Case (R) elected sena-
tor. Sigurd Anderson (R) elected
governor. Republicans retained
two House seats.
Tennessee
Democrats elected eight repre-
sentatives and Republicans two, as
before. Gordon Browning CD re-
elected governor.
Texas
Lone Republican representative
/ squeezed out, leaving Democrats in
possession of all 81 House seats
Allan Shivers (D) reelected gov
ernor.
Utah
Wallace F. Bennett (Rl knocked
Elbert D. Thomas CD out of Sen
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10
Caesar Rodney
School Notes

The annual harvest show at
Caesar Rodney School sponsored
by the Future Farmers of America
and the Future HOInemakers of
America will be held on November
18th. This year it will feature ex-
hibits from the agriculture and art
departments and a fashion show by
the home economics department.
Music will be furnished by the High
School Band
open House" will also be obser-
we'd throughout the school with the
classrOoms being open to the public
from Z to 8 p. m. with the teachers
in their rooms.
The exhibits will be on display
from $3.50 to 10 p. m. in the school
gymnadium while the fashion show
entertainment by the band and the
awarding of the prizes will take
place in the auditorium, beginning
at 8 p. m. +
DR.. John Shilling, Assistant State
Superintendent of Public Instruc-
ton, will present the champion
ship awards in each of the follow
ing agricultural divisions: Elemen-
tary school, high school, F. F. A.
and the veterans training class.
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10

Dedication exercises Of the beau
tiful new post home for Milford
Post No. 8, American Legion, de-
partment of Delaware, will be held
Sunday afternoon November 18th,
at two o'clock.
The program follows: National
Anthem, high school band, inVOca-
ton, band selection, Welcome, Os-
car T. Moore, Post Commander; :;
Master Of Ceremonies, Fred Mar
vel; Introduction Of Department
Officers and Guests; Introduction
of Post and Auxiliary officers; Adj
dress, Honorable Edward c. Evans,
Mayor of Milford; Dedlcatory ad-
dressl Honorable ]. Caleb BOggs.
congressman at large BenedjctiOn,
America, Milford school band.
The post officers are Oscar T.
Moore. post Commander; Melvin
ROsenweig, 1st vice commander; 4;
Herman Sharp Jr., End vice COM
mander; Ray Scarborough, adult
ant; Nelson Wright, chaplain; /;
Burton Sharp, Sgt-At-Arms: Reese
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10

Jester. historian; Hon. John Long
botham, Service officer.
The Auxiliary officers are: Mrs.
John M. LongbOtham, president;
Mrs. Nelson Wright, vice nresid-
ent; Mrs. Maude L. Frick, secre-
tary; Mrs. Reese Jester, treasurer
Mrs. Frank Nelte, Historian; Mrs.
Oscar T. Moore, Sgt-At-Arms; Mrs.
Raymond Steen, chaplain.
Charter Members of the post for
med at Milford, October 6, 1919 are
Lieut.. Colonel William E. Lank, the
Oldeat Legionnaire in Delaware,
and one Of the oldest if not the old
est at 88 years of age in the United
States; DR.. William Marshall, Jr.,
Thomas c. Collins, Nicholas Stokes
Archibald Lank, S. NJ. d. Marshall,
Clarence Smith, Jesse F. Legar,
Joseph S. Lofland, Sr., Grier Bay
mum, David Pruitt, Charles E. Ban
ming. Deceased Charter members
are DR.. Willard r. Pierce, Harry
J. PettyjOhn and J. Harold Har-
ringtOn.
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10

ate. Democrats hung onto two
House seats.
Vermont
George d. Aiken (R) reelected
senator. Lee E. Emerson (R) nam
ed governor. A Republican won the
states only House seat as usual.
Virginia
All nine House seats went Demo-
cratic again.
Washington
Warren G. MagnusOn CD re-
elected to Senate. House lineup un-
changed: Republicans 4, Demo-
Gratis 2.
West Virginia
Democrats again won all six
House seats.
Wisconsin
Republicans put Walter J. Kohl
er, Jr., in governors job, reelected
Alexander Wiley to Senate. They
collected nine of states ten House
seats (Old lineup: Republicans g.
Democrats q.
Wyoming
Republicans elected Frank A.
Barrett as governor, retained only
House seat.
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10

For Insurance Commissioner
William Edward Ferguson (D)
William Robert Murphy (R)....
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10
TRINITY

Mrs. Osie Fisher, of Virginia
Beach, Va, is spending some time
with Mr.. and Mrs. A. T. White and
family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Mitchell, OF
Chatham City Georgia, are the
proud parents of a daughter born
on Sunday, November s. Mrs. Nit
chell before her marriage was Miss
ROsalie Nichols daughter of Mr.,
and Mrs. EnOs Nichols.
Mr.. and Mrs. Othly Wyatt and
family, entertained at turkey din
ner on Sunday, Mrs. George Wyatt,
Misses Evelyn and Doris Wyatt,
Ray Wyatt and Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur
Dearth all of Milford, Mr.. and Mrs.
William Schiff of Harmony, Mrs.
Elizabeth Robinson of Federals-
burg, and Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Will
kersOn of Seaford.
A number from this community
attended the dedication services at
TOdds Community Hall on Sunday
last.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Carey and
Miss Evelyn Carey Of SeafOrd, spent
Sunday evening with Mrs. Ella
Warrington.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. T. White, Miss
Charlotte White and their house
guest, Mrs. Osie Fisher, spent Sun
day at Tyaskin, Md.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Harper, of
Rehoboth, visited his' mother, Mrs.
Emma Harper here IN Monday
Several of the members Of the
Atlanta Home Demonstration Club
attended Achievement Day at Ge-
Orgetown, on Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stuart Moul of New
Freedom, Pa, and Mrs. Daniel
Rove. Of Houston, called on Mr.
and Mrs. Othyl Wyatt, on Sunday
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10
Republicans Hold House
I9 To is, Senate Demo
cratic By 8 To 8 In
Final Count
continued from nrst pager
Shift In 100 L0hs

Shift In 100 Jobs
Meanwhile, the biggest parcel Of
political patronage in the elections
went to the Republicans of New
Castle County when they regained
control of the Levy Court by elect
ing EllwoOd S. Leach, in addition
to winning control Of other county
offices contested Tuesday.
When the Republicans take con-
troll it is estimated more than 100
jobs will change hands.
Most Of the jobs are controlled
by the Levy Court, including the
county engineers Office, the county
police and ambulance appoint
ments, and the offices of county
building inspector, and plumbing
inspector.
In addition the new coroner, C..
Everett Kelley is expected to re-
place the two present deputies and
there will be at least seven re-
placements in the sheriff's Office
after Colonel Herbert Barnes takes
over.
The two other county Offices, re-
cOrder of deeds and register of
wills, are now under Republican
control.
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10

For Auditor Of Accounts
James w. W. Baker (D) ............
George D. Enterline, Jr. (R)...
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10

For State Treasurer
Willard D. Boyce (D) )................
Ralph Waldo Emerson (R)...-.
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10
Gown ana Paint

The American Veterinary Medical
association warns that ''cows like
the taste Of fresh paint" and sug-
gests that farmers use nonlead.
containing paints on interiors Of
COW barns and stables. Cows may
lick the painted surfaces, and lead
poisoning win result II the paint
contains lead.
Milford chronicle., 1950-11-10

morning.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Williams Of
near fredericksburg and Mr.. and
Mrs. EnOs Nichols, spent Monday
evening with Mr.. and Mrs. w. F.
Hastingsl
The turkey supper held at the
Dublin Hill Community Hall on
Wednesday last, was quite a
success. We wish to thank every
one who helped.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-06-06
EVERGREEN BOWL NOW OPEN; THlM(lADS PREP
 TOR JULY "0lYMpIr5"

Juneau thinclads, eyeing the Evergreen Olympics which will be held next month. are practicing in Evergreen Bowl, Bill Dean, park instructor, said today
 Dean is on duty at the recreation area from 9 am. to 5 pm. Monday through Friday, and in his charge is the track and field equipment with which the trackmen practice, as well as equipment for games played at the bowl.
 The Evergreen Olympics will in clude swimming. The pool at the bowl is open from l to pm, with Dick Forrest on duty as life guard, Dean said.
 Facilities available at the area include picnic grounds. tennis courts. volleyball courts, and soft ball fields.
 In addition to swimming races, the Olympics will include dashes, quarter-mile races, hurdles. jumps and shotputting, Dean said.
 No age limit will be set, but com petitiors will be classified according to how old they are, he declared.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-06-06
NEW RECORD SET
 FOR LIGHT PLANE,
 k0N-5T0p FLIGHT

NEW YORK, June 6-tR-Charles w. Soderstrom landed his Beech craft Bonanza plane at LaGuardia Field at 2:05:30 pm. (EST) today after a nonstop flight from San Pedro, Calf.
 He made the cross country flight in 16 hours and 10 minutes Soder- strom, 37, said that as far as he knew the flight in the single-engine plane was the first transcontinen- tai nonstop flight by a plane of this class
 The San Pedro businessman said he used approximately ITS gallons of gasoline. He estimated his aver age speed was 160 miles an hour, although at times he reached 175 miles.
 Soderstrom's mother, Mrs. Clare E. Soderstrom, of San Pedro, was at the field to meet her son. She arrived few hours earlier on a commercial plane.