davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-08-19
Fortified Villages of North Dakota

The Smithsonian Institution has announced
that party of archaeologists under the leader
ship of G. Ellis Burcaw is excavating an earth
lodge village site at the Garrison reservoir in
North Dakota. There were fairly large number
of such settlements in pre- Columbian times and
examination of them should add greatly to.
modern knowledge of the Indians of the Missouri
valley. The standard pattern Of the communities
was peculiar Most of the villages were fortified.
They also were encircled by water. In effect,
they were moated.
This means that the men who designed and
built them had engineering skill. Only rarely,
if at all, did they take advantage of natural
island and rest content with the protection which
the river itself afforded They dug their own
trenches. Further, they constructed stockades
on packed earth walls for defensive purposes.
In these Notifications they set up watchtowers
at frequent intervals The Smithsonian auth
critics say: "They are strikingly similar to
European fortified villages of the Middle Ages"
But the moat-surrounded villages of North
Dakota likewise resemble far older devices. They
have much in common with the stone circles of
ancient Britain. Stonehenge stood-indeed still
stands-above an encircling ditch which was
made by human enterprise. The notion that
it was temple in prehistoric days is contradicted
by the obvious evidence that it was intended
to withstand siege. More probably it was
parliamentary center, a seat of government,
subject to attack by enemies intending its capture
and deSpoment
The same logic is manifest at Garrison
reservoir. Whatever tribe or nation created the
earth lodge village now being uncovered there
had property to guard, civilization to preserve
To the best of its group-capacty it prepared
to survive potential disaster. Five hundred or
a thousand years later we are attempting the
same defense of what is precious to us. But
moatS and stockades will not serve our need
We require more dynamic system of security
Failing to achieve it, we must pass, as the North
Dakota Indians did, and be merely riddle for
the archaeologists Of another age.
Evening star., 1950-08-19

is so capable of meeting present military and
civilian demands as to make boarding and
scare buying worse than Senseless.
No American should overlook this fact.
While the great threat confronting US ought
not to be minimized, our productive might
which no other country anywhere can now come
close to matchng-iS far too tremendous to be
underestimated. Certainly, although we are a
Nation of many immediate weaknesses our
strength for the long pull--our actual and
potential Strengths more than little reassur-
ing.
Evening star., 1950-08-19
Tight Mesh

As Knitting needles press against the
tDool,
DrGDing it oUer, under, in and out,
search my labyrinthtne heart, to pull
A pattern from its tangled faith and
doubt.
/ raUel yesterday, start GnetD
But eUermore the same tight mesh is
drltOn.
Whatever thread take leads back to
you;
Ten gears haze not convinced me you
are gone. ELINOR LENNEN.
Evening star., 1950-08-19

garding the military policy of our coun-
try have prevailed over a period of
years; and that the passage now of
universal training bill. to go into effect
at the first practicable moment, would
be of priceless value as a peace gesture.
James M. Thompson.
Gaylord, Virginia.
Evening star., 1950-08-19
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer 70
any o1estion of Isct oy eltner ,eno gns .tIat lns
NV. Washington 8, D. c., and inclosing cents
return postage, or by telephoninE ST. b0OO'
Extension 35S
Evening star., 1950-08-19
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

O. How does a dog acquire rabies?-
D. N.
A. Rabies is transmitted largely from
dog to dog although any dog can be in
fected as the result of bite by a fox
or wolf
Evening star., 1950-08-19

@. In which of Shakespeare's plays
does his famous geographical mistake
occur?-J. v. P.
A. 1t occurs in "The Winters Tale"
act 8, scene 8, where Bohemia is referred
to as desert country near the sea-"
Evening star., 1950-08-19

O. How many nations are engaged in
international radio broadcasting ?-L.
D. Y.
A. Fifty-six nations last year were
beaming over 4 900 hours of international
short-wave broadcasting per week, led
by Great Britain and the U. S. S. R. and
followed in turn by Brazil and the United
States.
@. What is the relationship between
ex-Kings Peter of Yugoslavia and Michael
of Rumania?-F. N.
A. Peters mother. Princess Marie Of
Rumania, is the sister of Michael's father,
hence the two men are cousins.
@. In the year 1900 what was the num-
ber of horses in the country compared
with the number of automobiles
K. B. z.
A. In 1900 the United States had II
million horses and 5000 automobiles. To-
day the figures are quite different. While
the number of horses had declined to
million. automobile registrations have
jumped to As million.
O. When did contour plowing origi-
nate?-A. w.
A. Pliny CAD. 23-79) spoke of drawing
the burrows on a hillside transversely
and suggested that where needed chan
nels should be made to draw off the
water into drains.
Evening star., 1950-08-19

A pSeudony1n is permissible only
1Ohen letter carries correct name
and address of 1uriter. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1950-08-19
Refresher Courses for Nurses

New York.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Norway Creates
A New Industry

A considerable export business
to dollar and pound areas of the
valuable metal niObium, used In
the steel processing industries, is
expected to result from a recent
proposal by the Research Institute
of the Department of Defense that
mining be resumed at the old Fen
Fields near UlefOss in the district
of TelemarE, where mining of iron
ore ceased several years ago.
1t was known shat these fields
contained deposits of the so-called
"Sovitt" which contains niobium
apatite and lime, but it is only
recently that the deposits have
been estimated at several million
tons. Medium, which is used eX-
tensively in the treatment of steel
for jet engines, is becoming scarce
as the only deposits of any I'M
portance now in the Western
World at Nigeria, West Africa,
are said to be running low.
One ton of "Sovitt" yields about
four pounds of nioboum, which III
today's market is worth about
$3.50 per pound
The original proposal of the De-
Tense Departments Research In
stitute is based on an annual pro-
duction Of $4,000 tons, which
would bring a revenue of about
so million kroner, but larger
operation is now under. considera-
ton.
"Sovitt" is named after the
farm "Sove" where the deposits
are located.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24

Rudy Feichtner, University stu
dent, who has also studied in
Stockholm, she is supplying the
Stockholm press with timely in
formation about the Seattle enter
prise.
The cast of ten includes four
drama students of Scandinavian
descent, namely Don Flodin, Bur-
mace Mortensen, Robert Linquist
and Gerald Fredrickson.
Rolf Swedenhjelm, Sr., the main
part, will be played by Robert
Cass, a talented veteran of 26 play
productions. who thinks it really
is "a find"
Don Flodin, who plays his son.
halls from Bainbridge Island
where his parents, Mr. and Mrs.
E. A. Flodin, live. Flodin, whose
grandparents come from Halsing-
land, Sweden, had never heard of
Bergman until this play came
along but thinks hes really
good. Now in his second year at
the u, he plans to become a stage
actor.
Burnace Mortensen, of Danish
descent, plays Marta, likes the
play because its characters are
normal people wro react spontan-
eously and because it's good nat
uralistic comedy without preach
ing a sermon" She started act
ing when she was three. Now
working on her masters degree,
she intends to become a stage act
ress. Her parents have a farm in
Yakima Valley.
While visiting the director and
cast during a rehearsal the other
day Mr.. Gray reported to your
writer that the University is think
ing about producing Strindberg's
THE Dream Play" in the near fu-
ture.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24

two or else "lose face" Often he
didn't care, perhaps, but then he
always had to face the possibility
of dreadful consequences. To be
really malevolent the honor-seek-
ing Indian would hire the best
wood carver to make a totem
pole with a caricature of the rival
carved on top. That was particu-
larly degrading!
Secret Societies.
There were also secret societies
for those of high birth who dur
ing a series of rituals during a
number of years passed all the
degrees up to the highest, the
Hamatsa, where, after they would
be spirited away to the Cannibal
lodge and initiated into the ways
of the Cannibal. The evil-spirited
Hamatsa man would then appear
at winter ceremonier, act and
shout wildly as the people tried
to capture and tame him. But
thanks to the elaborate we'll
staged arrangements, it was very
difficult to catch the evil one. Of
course these rituals have now been
abolished says Holm, who at the
time of this interview was making
last minute preparations for the
great new experience in his life.
II. N.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Norwegian Working
For Europe's Health

The Norwegian doctor Hans ia
cob Ustvedt, who since January
l949 has been regional director Of
the International Tuberculosis
Campaign in Europe has returned
to Norway. The campaign has
been very successful, reports the
Doctor.
Already $4,000, 900 persons have
been examined for tuberculosis,
and 10000, 900 persons have been
vaccinated with BEG. The Cam
paign has operated in most coun-
tries in Europe where the post
war health condition has been
critical. and examination and vac
CLINTON are still going on in Jugo-
slavia, Austria, Greece and Malta.
About 100 Norwegian. doctors
and nurses have been working In
various European countries for
International tuberculosis CAM
paign during the last two years.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Morse Books

Continued from Page II
debates education of women and
religious tolerance.
All his life Bjornson was in pos
session of an exceptional energy
his letters alone amount to about
10000. Beside his comprehensive
literary activity, he was also very
active as social and political agi-
tator, especially where Norway's
independence during union with
Sweden) was concerned, and his
work for peace and for suppressed
nations is inestimable.
Bjornson's poetry lacks the depth
of Ibsen's, but together they gave
the most important contribution
to the cultural awakening in Nor
way in the 10Th century.
1t was Bjornson who wrote the
words to Norway's national an
them.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
u. Drama
Continued from Page II

Continued from Page ~
Sweden last fall, says Gray. That
started the ball rolling.
Interest was also shown by Doc
tors Walter johnson and Andrew
Hilen, Jr., professors at the Uni
versity, who made an English
translation of it. Later, it was
learned that an authorized trans
latiOn was made by Clifford Grey.
The Penthouse production, with
sets by Conway, will make use
of both translations.
The play has been translated in
to II languages in 10 countries
and is standing favorite in Scan
dinavia.
Mrs. Stina Bergman, wife of the
late Swedish playwright, is show
ing a remarkably keen interest in
the Seattle production and through
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
New Morse Stamps
For Oslo Jubilee

A new series of Norwegian pos
tage stamps to commemorate the
9OOth anniversary of the founda-
ton of the City of Oslo were is
sued on May Is, opening day of
the New Town Hall.
The stamps sho view of
Town Hall and superimposed is a
portrait of King Harald Haar-
draade, who founded the city about
the year 1850. Altogether S,OO0,-
900 Jubilee stamps are being is
sued, in three denominations, Is,
25, and As ore. The colors are
green, red and blue, respectively.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Sweden's bofors
Has New Weapons

Two new weapons developed by
the famous BOfOrs plant for the
strengthening of the Swedish ma
tional defense were announced by
Allen Vought, Defense Minister,
in an address in the northern city
of Givle recently.
One is a 12-centimeter anti
aircraft gun, capable of firing
seventy to seventy-five rounds a
minute to an altitude of almost
10000 feet. The other is a radar
fuse, which explodes before the
projectile hits the goal, influenced
by the close proximity to it. The
new anti-aircraft gun has hori-
zontal range of more than 10000
yards. Experiments are now be-
ing made for the purpose of in
creasing it's range by under-cali-
bration of the muzzle.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Good Times Will
Last At Least ;
Years In Sweden

Swedish industry can expect
good times to continue at least
three years more, to judge from
a recent investigation of the con-
sumption Of electric power.
According to this research, the
expected increase in power con-
sumption for the next three years
will be somewhat more than the
average 6.5 per cent by which con-
sumption rose annually before the
Second World War. At present,
seventy per cent of all electric
power in the country is used by
industry, ten per cent by the rail-
ways, and twenty per cent by
small business and households.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
A New Railroad
Sfofion For Oslo

Plans have been completed for O
new central railroad station to re-
place OslO's present two main line
depOts.
The new station will be built in
stages on the site of the present
East Station. The net cost of the
first building stage, which is to be
spread over Is years. will be 14O
million kroner. The present West
Station is to be replaced by an
underground station for local traf-
fic. and a mile-long tunnel will
link this station with the Central
Station. A large 10-story building
will be erected above the Central
Station. Both terminal and through
traffic will be handled by the new
station, which will have % tracks.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24

Symphony Makes
Hit In Sweden

On May 2 the Scandinavian
Symphony Orchestra of Detroit,
Michigan, began an extensive
tour of Sweden by giving two
concerts in the northern city of
Ostersund.
The audience responded warm
ly, and the reviewers agreed that
the enthusiastic reports of tn e
orchestra's many recitals in Den
mark and Norway, that preceded
the Swedish appearance, We're
fully justified. The presentation
of "Midsommarvaka" ("Midsum-
mer Nightly by Hugo Alfven, a
composition indelibly Swedish in
tone and feeling, received special
praise. This shows" one news
paper wrote, that musicians on
the other side of the Atlantic are
not alien to the Interpretation of
Swedish music"
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Swedish Consulate
In Texas Opened

The office Of the newly esab-
lished Swedish Consulate in HOus-
ton, Texas, will open officially on
May "a.
1t is entirely equipped wit h
Swedish office furniture, and on
the premises are also shown Swed-
ish industrial art objects, such as
Orrefors and Kosta glass, Gustav
berg and Rorstrand cermatics, ana
textiles from Molnlycke and Nord-
iska Kompaniet. This exhibition,
to which Consul Gunnar Dryselius
took the initiative, will later be
further enlarged.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Moshov NorWuv
Materials Lost

Sad news reached Norway only
recently. The Norwegian motor
ship "Bosphorus," carrying the
materials for the MOshav Norway
village to be built in Israel, has
been destroyed by an explosion,
caused by fire, while unloading
in Istanbul HarbOr.
A terrific explosion occurred
which was felt through the entire
city. Other explosions followed.
The ship was completely destroy
ed, and later sank. Fortunately the
crew got away. only two of them
were injured. No lives were lost.
The first thing everybody asked:
Were the materials insured?"
Yes, of course" said Haakon
Lie, chairman of the Moshav Nor
way committee. But that is little
consolation just now. There are
other, much more important values
at stake than just money. Think
of all the families in Tel Aviv who
already have built the founda-
tons to their homes, and all of
those who are travelling from far
away to their new homes, But
these houses will be built. We will
start over again -. and FAST"
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Swedish Employers
Have Own School

The Swedish Employers Asso-
cations counterpart to the Swed-
ish Federation of Labor's school
at Brunnsvik, in Dalecarlia, has
now been opened. 1t is housed in
an old castle. Yxtaholm, south of
Stockholm. To each course at the
Yxtaholm School will be invited a
representative of the Federation,
who will present labor's view on
matters under discussion. TIL e
Brunnsvik School opened as early
as 1920. Most of it's pupils are
Industrial workers.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
Swedens Little
Prince 4-Year-Old

Prince Carl Gustaf, heir appar-
ent to the Swedish throne and a
great-grand child of ninety-one-
year-old King Gustaf V, on April
80 became four years old. His
father, Prince Gustaf Adolf, old
est son of the Groin Prince, pea
ished in an airplane accident in
1947. His mother is Princess ST.
bylla. He has four older sisters.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24

Thomas Mann, author and No
bel prize winner, recently gave a
lecture in Stockholm under the
auspices of the Swedish section
of the international PEN. Club.
His subject was The Years of
My Life" He will later repeat the
same lecture in Lund, in south
ern Sweden.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-05-24
scandinavian Indian Dancer

Continued from Page ~
Evening star., 1950-03-02
JET Fighters Make
Perfect Landings
On Carrier al Night
BY the Associated Press

ABOARD U. S. S. VALLEY
FORGE. Mar. 2.-(Via Navy COM
munications) fighters landed
on a ship at night for the first
time in history Tuesday. The
Navy said this made them full
f1edged carrier planes.
Eight Gruman Panther jets
flashed down 16 times-two for
each-in perfect bounce landings
on the deck of this carrier.
The landing speeds, averaging
lis miles an hour. were checked
by the conventional tail catch
used on ordinary planes.
First down was a Panther
piloted by Comdr. Harvey P. Lam
ham, 36. of Coronado and Temple
City. Calf.
His plane hit the deck at Z pm,
40 minutes after nightfall, as the
Valley Forge maneuvered off the
Southern California coast.
The high landing speed-com-
pared to the less than 80 miles
an hour rate of propeller-driven
f1ghters-was the principal tech
nical factor involved.
Otherwise the landing operation
was the same as for propeller
planes.
The carrier was dark except
for navigation lights.
Fluorescent paddles of the land
ing signal officer who was out
lined by a fuorescent suit as he
stood near the end of the flight
deck-gave the pilots their in
|structions as they came in.
It was necessary for them to
reduce power at a point further
from the edge Of the flight deck
than is necessary with propeller
planes.
The Jets skinned down and
bounced on the deck and were
caught by tail hooks on a spring
cable. This brought them to a
stop in about the same distance
as other planes-about a quarter
Of the 800-foot flight deck.
They were catapulted on take
off.
The weather was mild and
there was a moon.
The 16 landings were accom-
plished with no more serious in
cident than one tire blowout.
Evening star., 1950-03-02

the county spent on him when
he was down and out.
After the little ceremony of
gratitude in the court. 70-year-
old Schipta told reporters, PAY
ing that debt was the ambition
of my life"
Mr.. Schipta's sight began to
wane in 1910 when he was work.
ing at the Lansford Colliery of
the Lehigh Navigation Coal Co.
He was without family in this
country. Eventually he was blind
and unable to earn a living.
County action made him eligible
for funds from a trust left by the
late Mrs. Eckley B. Cox of Halle
ton. An operation at Wills Eye
Hospital at Philadelphia brought
back Mr.. Schipta's sight.
He went back to work and sew
eral years ago retired on pen
sion, but went on saving to pay
off what he considered a debt.
Evening star., 1950-03-02

the l940 International Livestock
Exposition at Chicago, was bought
by Dearborn Motors Corp. for
$13,s0O.
David Brewer, extension live
stock specialist on the Virginia
Tech staff here said Judge Bean
will be on exhibit at baby beef
shows for All club and Future
Farmers of America members at
Portsmouth April 25, Staunton
April 81, and Danville April %.
Evening star., 1950-03-02
Once-BHnd Man y
Works Years to
RepoyCounty Aid
BY the Assoeiofed Press

MAUCH CHUNK, Pa, Mar. o.
Carbon County helped a blind
and penniless coal miner 80 years
ago and he saved for decades to
show his gratitude.
Joseph Schipta, who regained
his sight through Carbon County
charity, handed County Court
Judge James G. McCready a check
yesterday for $4,000. He and the
Judge had decided that was what
Evening star., 1950-03-02
Dr.. Cordozo to Speak

DR.. Manuel Cardozo of Catholic
University will address a meeting
of the Club de las Americas at
8 o'clock tonight in the Commerce
Department building, Fourteenth
and E streets NV. DR.. Cardoza
will talk on Additional Data
about the History of BRAZIL" The
public is invited.
Evening star., 1950-03-02
Champion Steer 10 Appear
At Three Virginia Shows
BY the Assoeiofed Press

,LACKSBURG, Va, Mar. O.
The worlds highest priced steer.
Judge Roy Bean by name. is
scheduled for appearances at
three Virginia livestock shows
next month. .. :
The steer. grand champion of
Evening star., 1950-03-02

PFssIdsn d1fferenCe.
GoLD-ALUMINUM! Its Japor-tight - seals in
Mrs. Filberts fresh sweet flavor right up to meal
time seals out refrigerator odors After meals,
protect what's left in this saper-toagb wrap.
Mrs. Filberts Golden Quarters Margarine is
her cum recipe. M-m-m! Like pat of sunshine
on bread Ready to serve! Economical. Nutri.
Evening star., 1950-03-02
Mrs. FiIber+ knows coId-Avminv means extro-fresh!

"It's ready.to-serve and the
freshest, stVeetest margarine you
ever tasted!" says Mrs. Filbert.
"Fresher when you buy it,
fresher after days in your refrig-
orator! My brand new GOLD
ALUMINIUM WRAP makes the
Evening star., 1950-03-02

WE'D so YEARS-Mr. and Mrs.
Otto J. Botsch, 4216 Thirty
eighth street NV, who cele-
brated their golden wedding
anniversary yesterday at a re-
ception held at the home of
their daughter, Mrs. Charles
C. WINNER, ST., Alb Harrison
street NV. MIR. B0tsch is en-
ployed as a butcher with the
J. O. Hartman Co., 413 Morse
street NE. They also have a
son, George L. Botsch, a clerk
with the Interior Department.
Harris Ewing Photo.