davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
New Light on the Revolutionary War

From Wiesbaden, Germany, news has come Of
the discovery of a three-volume manuscript
throwing new light on the American Revolution.
The author was Captain Johann Won Ewald,
commanding officer of Hessian rifle brigade.
He wrote from the zone of conflict and with the
skill and experience of firSt-class military man.
His observations were made "close up" and he
knew enough about the art and the science of
war to be able to Judge what he saw accurately.
Perhaps because he was German and there
fore somewhat detached from the political issues
at stake in the struggle, Captain Won Ewald could
be-and was-objective in his views He had no
prejudice against the Americans. When he
refers to Washington, Gates, Greene, Lafayette,
Ethan Allen and Won Steuben, he is fair to them.
The same comment applies to his mentions of
Howe, Clinton, Burgoyne, CORVALLIS and other
British leaders as well as to the German generals,
Baum and Knyphausen.
Captain Won Ewald' appears to have been "in"
on the whole war. He starts on Long Island in
1776 and follows through to the capitulation at
Yorktown in 1871. His text is illustrated with
carefully drawn maps of Trenton, Valley Forge
and the Chesapeake Bay area. The manuscript
runs to $500 pages and probably would make
printed volume of about 800 pages. go
United States Air Force historian Joseph Tus-
tin of Harrisburg Pennsylvania, located and pur-
chased the book and will bring it to America for
submission to scholars interested in the Revo-
lutionary period The find inevitably raises the
question: Are there other documents of similar
significance and value in Germany, or in England
or even right here at home in the United States?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
Teachers Sick Leove
w. E. Allen.

why the Scnool Administration op-
poses the proposal in the johnson Bill
which is most beneficial to teachers, we
fail to understand. I am referring to the
proposal which would allow teachers to
pay substitutes from their own pay, after
all earned and borrowed leave is used up.
This proposal would remove all the in
security teachers now feel concerning
sick leave, as it benefits not only the
long established teacher but also the new
teacher.
Consider the present precarious posi-
ton OF the new teacher. On her first
day ct teaching here she has no earned
leave and accumulateS only one days
leave each month of teaching without
absence. Although she may borrow
20 days leave. she then has no leave
coming for the next two years. If she
becomes i'll again before earning more
leave, she will find herself on leave with
out pay, and off the payroll Thereupon.
she not only loses her pay, but for one
days leave or more in any one month
she loses credit toward retirement for
that entire month. Would such lack of
protection encourage any teacher to enter
the District schools?
For the long established teacher, the
difference is only one of degree
Under the johnson Bill these same
teachers would be allowed to pay a sub
stitute out of their salary for so more
days, after they had used up all their
earned leave. This would maintain their
names on the payroll and hence not
threaten their tenure or retirement
credit.
The recent proposal of the superin-
tendent to permit teacher to accumu-
late rs days instead of so, and to borrow
rs days instead OF 20. benefits teachers
only after they have been in the District
schools without illness long enough to
accumulate such leave.
Wouldn't it seem much more reason
able to leave the accumulation of Dor
rowed and earned leave as it now is and
to permit teachers. in the case of a pro-
longed illness, to pay substitute them
selves. thus definitely assuring their posi-
ton on the payroll and hence their
tenure as we'll as their retirement status?
Why not accept and support the
johnson Bill 1880 in its entirety?
District Teacher.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
The Job Situation

On the strength of survey covering 100
major production centers, the Labor Depart
ments Bureau of Employment Security now
predicts that the 1850 total of civilian job
holders probably will reach mid-year peak of
at least 10000 0OO-a gain over 1949 in spite of
earlier forecasts to the contrary,
But though the number of employed Ameri-
cans thus promises to equal or exceed the record
postwar high that was first achieved in, 1947,
certanSareas of the country still spotted with
considerable degree of joblessness. Moreover,
in long-term sense as pointed out by Robert
c. Goodwin, director of the BES the prospect is
one in which wide disparity is likely to continue
between employment opportunities and our
steadily growing labor force.
The disparity stems from the fact that about
100000 Americans are becoming new job
hunters each year while deaths and retirements
are creating fewer than 100000 employment
vacancies. This means an annual increase of
approximately 100000 in the number of people
who are looking for work but cannot find it, The
situation is attributable in part to our population
growth and our constant progress in developing
labor saving machinery.
Obviously, given a continuation of the
present annual increase in job hunters without
a corresponding increase in jobs, not many years
will be required to create really serious unem-
ployment situation, even though our economy
keeps on functioning at its current high level,
with 60,00O000 or more of us at work. Clearly
enough, If the steady growth in our labor force
is to be absorbed, our industry and investment
must expand accordingly.
Here we have a problem about which we
are likely to hear more and more as time goes
on. For even if Federal policy in taxation and
other fields is adjusted-as it should be-to
encourage industrial expansion, the numerical
disparity between jobs and job hunters may
continue to be wide. Indeed, some economists
predict that new chronological advances in the
next 80 years or so may enable 100000 Ameri-
cans to produce as much as 60000,000 do nova
possibility indicating that sharp cuts in the
work week and work year, as well as expanded
enterprise, may be necessary in the future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
By Ernie Hill

ENERAL Eurico Gaspar Dutra app
~ proaches the close Of his five-year
term as President of Brazil with a
record for stable government that
stands as a milestone in his countrys
unsettled political history.
BraZil's presidents are constitutionaliy
barred from succeeding themselves in
Office. But if he gets through October's
elections and the Inauguration of sue
cessor without mishap or scandal. Gen.
Dutra'S administration will rate as one
of Brazil's best for gradual but steady
Improvement of the country's position.
Elected at the close Of Getulio Vargas
IS years of dictatorship. the colorless
little professional soldier has main
tanned stability. certain amount Of
economic progress and most of the civil
freedoms during his regime
These are no mean accomplishments
in Latin America, where presidents 60
bad more often than not and where
dictators and military juntas flourish.
; Attention is focused on coffee-rich
Brazil at this time. because the first
OF the presidential candidates has been
nominated
Gen. Eduardo Comes. bachelor,
moralist and anti-government leader,
has been nominated as the opposition
candidate. He was runner-up five years
ago.
Gen. Comes. a man of character, had
an opportunity to lead an armed revolt
against Dutra shortly after he took office.
But he refused to accept the offer of
dissatisfied army elements. He said
Brazil must remain democratic at all
costs.
The candidate of the government party
is as yet unnamed. It appears that it
will be either Vargas himself or some
one of his choosing. Vargas is generally
considered Brazil's most powerful politi-
cal influence
Much remains for new President to
do in Brazil, country larger than the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
Baby A-Bombs?

There is much pauSibilty in the report that
we now have lightweight" or baby atomic
bombs. Whether they exist or not has not been
confirmed (nor has it been denied by any official
in position to know, but it would not be sur
prising if they are in fact part of our arsenal
A cryptic sentence in Defense Secretary
Johnson's semi annual report to Congress can
be cited as lending considerable support to this
possibility. The sentence reads as follows:
Atomic weapons are no longer small number
of bombs of a single type and size to be used
only strategically on carefully selected target"
BY implication the words strongly suggest that
we possess nuclear ornaments designed for
tactical purposes as we'll. They also suggest that
there may be good deal of substance to the
idea that we have version of the A-bomb quite
as destructive as the ones that shattered Hiro
shima and Nagasaki but still light enough to be
carried by medium sized attack planes or Jet
fighter bomberS.
Actually, of course, the explosive heart-the
Critical mass"-of the atomic bomb weighs
relatively little perhaps no more than the load
of groceries housewife brings home to take
care of her familys weekend eating. Up to now,
what has made the weapon heavy apart from
the decorating mechanism, has been the thick
shielding required to wall off its lethal radio
activity fact that explains why no plane
smaller than the B-29 could have dropped it on
Hiroshima and why the huge B-36 has been
produced to carry it. But if we assume the posi-
bility that we have succeeded in developing a
much lighter shield or casing, or in building into
the delivering plane special naturalization equip
ment, then there is every reason to put credence
in the report about the nom bulky baby" version
Needless to say, if such bombs really exist, they
have vast military significance in both strate-
gical and tactical sense. The B-36 for example,
might be roomy enough to carry a nest of them,
and shorter-range medium bombers might &C.
quire lot of extra deadiness. Further, with this
weapon in our arsenal, the Navy-which ap-
parently still favors the idea of building super
carriers-might find that lit could play an
important atomic attack role with its present
big Midway-type carriers, or even with those in
the Essex class The baby" version, moreover,
might be particularly valuable for use not merely
against cities but against vital targets of a
unique kind or armies in the field.
It need hardly be added, however. that if we
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
Brazil Has Done Well Under Gen. Dutro

Dutra and Brazil were used to military
force civilian RECOMMENDATION. strict CEN
sorship and restricted liberties.
Gen. Dutra had the background to
become a tyrant and military boss. The
country was used to being ruled by de-
crees instead of Congress.
nous gambling casinos. produced his
biggest crisis. Brazil Shuddered that
here was an example of what to expect
from Vargas protege.
But Dutra weathered the storm
Very recently, few casinos in vacation
spots have been permitted to reopen
None of his actions since that time have
been as perfunctory and dictatorial.
His guidance Of the country since
then has been unSpectacular and re-
laxed-sometimes too relaxed-but gen.
orally sound. considering the vast prob
lens and the crude tools he had to
work with.
Outlawing of the Communist Party,
which polled 100000 out of 6 million
votes when Dutra was elected. has been
handled with flnesse that is q credit to
the chief executive.
Luis Carlos Prestes, Moscow trained
leader OF the Brazilian Communists. was
elected to the senate when Dutra was
named president.
Prestes and a chain of Communist
newspapers kept alive a vigorous anti
American campaign. Prestes flirted with
Vargas. also elected to the senate, and
at one time would have tried an armed
revolt had Vargas agreed to so along.
Dutra, keeping abreast of develop
ments, permitted the Communists to
play all their cards. When they started
to create public disturbances and were
guilty of acts of violence, the first
moves against them came from Congress
and from local police
Dutra held back from acting until
public sentiment was ahead of him.
When he clamped down, there was a
minimum of criticism
tChicaso Daily News Foreisn serviee)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16

United States Gen. Dutra, however,
can well claim that it has not gone back
ward under him. Though progress has
been painfully slow. the ships rudder is
still pointed straight.
Brazil spent some $500 million worth
OF dollar credits too rapidly at the close
of the war. But Dutra> stopped dollar
imports, has evened the books and will
end the year without United States
trade deficit.
There were grave doubts Brazils
future when Vargas minister of war,
a lifelong soldier who had been
decorated by the NaZis, took over the
big. disunited country in 1945. Both
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
Letters to The Star
A pseudonym is permissible only
1ohen letter carries correct name
and address of 1Driter. Please be brief.

matter believe it has now achieved an
untenable position. and must withdraw
one or the other of the two arguments
II Mr. Dickmon has right to be coal
miner, Miss Bailey must have a right
to be Government employee
Theodore d. Perrine.
Editors Note: The Star does not be-
lieve that there is true analogy be-
tween the Dickmon and Bailey cases.)
Spare Western Market
On behalf of West End residential
property owners, please let me record
most vigorous opposition to the proposal
which is now before the District Com
miSsioners to raze Western Market and
erect on its site multi-story garage.
The present Western Market structure
at Twenty first and K streets is one of the
al-too-few surviving landmarks of old
time Washington, which give individual
ity and distinction to our Nations Capt.
tai and set it apart from all the big
ugly standardized commercial cities.
It's variegated ornamental brickwork
is one of the finest remaining specimens
Of the bricklayer'S art, now become a
lost art. Built around an inner court, it
is perfectly proportioned, with mullioned
arched windows that add to its mellow
charm. This is enhanced and adorned
by delightful sidewalk flower stands,
which are one of the tourist attractions
Of Washington.
May recall that the tourist trade is
still our leading industry and that it is
picturesque features such as this, part
of the traditional atmosphere" of Wash
ington, that attract visitors. They do
not come to look at filling stations,
parking lots and garages.
If it is part of the function of Gov
eminent to provide more and more space
on publicly owned land for more and
more unused private locomotives" let
them acquire and condemn some un-
slightly slum space.
To permit this appalling vandalism
would change the character of this en-
tire neighborhood, still predominantly
residential; would degrade and cheaper
it and lead inevitably to further blighted
areas. 1t would be fatal mistake from
the viewpoint of good civic planning,
as we'll as ruinous to the immediate
neighborhood.
Mrs. Charles Edward Russell.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16

help to forego the pass after waiting
all day on the frequent pass users, shop
ping around without limit.
My kick is that buy the pass for con-
venience. not the many trips. and use
it to travel after 7 pm. to enjoy the
post broadcasting quiet when the cars
are half-empty. Both the company and
profit by use of the pass. The company
gets money it would not have otherwise,
and get outings 1 would not have other
wise. Excessive use of the pass could be
prevented by having it composed of, say,
; Is coupons. torn of as the trips are
made. The company cannot expect to
run business without employees and
vehicles. and without profit to those who
patronize its business.
1t is time we had competing lines
again. I prefer a taxi at 20 cents to
vibrating car or shaky bus at Is cents a
trip.
W.. E. Allen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
Fair, BusinessIike Hearing

Expressing my personal views after
attending hearings of the Capital
Transit Company in their recent request
for fare increaSes-and naturally being
for the rank and file of all patrons who
patronize their streetcars and buses-I
want to Jay I was very much interested
In the whole proceeding, and particu-
larry noticed how all concerned were
treated by the Public Utilities Commits
sion.
Contrary to the public opinion in
general. as I have understood it, my
impressions were that the Public Utili-
ties Commission was not inclined to
agree with all requests made by the
transit company. Not one time during
the entire hearing was there any indica-
ton to this observer that it was "cut
and dried" affair.
Plenty of arguments were presented
by the opposing counsel. as well as by
the chairman of the Commission when
he thought too many questions were
asked by the counsel Of the Commission.
This shows the fairness with which the
hearing was conducted throughout by all
concerned. in really businesslike man
ner.
Felix A. Urey,
Secretary. Uncle Sans 1923 Boys.
Mr.. Diekmon and Miss Bailey
The Dickmon affair is of interest be-
cause Of the close similarity to the
Dorothy Bailey case. In each instance
member of group is denied employ
ment in an occupation controlled by
t1of tn oh 49,
tense has been alleged disloyalty to the
aims of the group, Mr.. Dickmon having
called Mr.. Lewis a dictator while Miss
Bailey refused to call the Communists
bunch OF devils. In each case the group
is non-profit cooperative enterprise
which has as it's objective the protection
OF its members. In each case the victim
is member of larger group (Mr Dick
mon United States citizen; Miss Bailey
an inhabitant of the EARTH. In each
instance the severity of the penalty is
substantial deterrent to "subversive"
activity.
Perhaps Mr.. Dickmon and Miss Bailey
can support themselves during their
exile by making plastic holes for donuts
or by some other equally worthwhile
enterprise. However, at least in the case
OF Mr.. Dlckmon, the effectiveness OF
this method of thought-control is well
illustrated.
The Star apparently feels that Mr.
Dickmon should have right to mine
coal even if in so doing he supposedly
jeopardizes the welfare of his group. The
Star apparently feels that Miss Bailey
should not have the right to work for
the Government if in so doing she
theoretically jeopardizes the welfare of
her group. ,,
My personal belief is that, while overt
acts may be punished by group, every
human being is entitled to complete
freedom of thought, speech and pen.
cannot conceive of any justification for
the application of economic sanctions
against a person because of what he
says or with whom he associates. If Mr..
Dickmon plays bridge with the oper-
ator's general manager, he still has
right to mine coal.
However The Star may feel on this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16

have this weapon we ought not to kid ourselves
with the thought that we can make it our exclu-
sve monopoly. If we can arm ourselves with it,
so can the Russians. Having achieved an atomic
explosion of their own, they can be counted upon
to keep on going about in their effort to catch
up with u.s.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

@. Is there limit to the time allowed
each side to present its case before the
Supreme Court of the United States?-
B. w.
A. Each side is normally allowed one
hour in which to present It's case. II
the attorneys are well prepared this ID
sufficient time.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question
OF fact by writing The Evenins star Inform atien
Bureau 1900 / street NV. Washington ., D. e.
Please tEcloSe 3 cents for return POSTAGE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16

@. How many bank robberies oe-
Cured, last year?-H. B.
A. The Federal Bureau of Investisa-
ton says that for the calendar year
1949 statistics of bank robberies included
90 robberies. ITO burglaries and 50 lar
cenies. The report covered about o5
per cent Of the banks in this country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-16

@. How long has the Cathedral OF st.
John the Divine in New York City been
under construction?-R. p. d.
A. The Cathedral Church Of st. John
the Divine in the City and Diocese Of
New York dts legal title) was ineor-
porated in 1878. The cornerstone was
laid In 1892.
Evening star., 1950-11-09
Dinner at Embassy;
Mrs. Mo|ik Hostess
Turkish Envoy, Wn0e Erkin Entertoin;
Lebonese Legation Tea Honors Visitor

visits returning here for a long
stay before going back to Lebanon.
Presiding at the tea table were
Mrs. Najle Fatal, of Lebanon who
is visiting her son, Mr.. Francis
Fatal in Washington and Mrs.
Ayoub Rizik.
Guests yesterday included Nine.
Ispahani. Mrs. G. c. S. Corea.
Nine. El-Khouri and her daugh-
ter, Miss Faiza El-Khouri and Mrs.
Faris El-Khouri, wife of the
Syrian delegate to the United Ma
tions; Nine. Ell Kouny, wife Of
the Egyptian Counselor; Nine.
Bakr, wife of the Iraq Charge
d'Affaires and also from that en-
bassy group were Nine. Umar,
Nine. Khedery and Nine. Suley-
man.
The State Department circle was
we'll represented by Mrs. George
c. McGhee, Mrs. Leroy Slime
bower. Mrs. Samuel Copper and
Mrs. Harlan c. Clark. Others in
the company were Mrs. Frederick
Mitchell Gould, Mrs. John c.
Henry. Mrs. John Clark, Mrs. Cor
nelius van Engert and Miss Sheila
van Engert and Mrs. H. L. Will
lett as well as a number from the
Lebanese residents of Washington.
Evening star., 1950-11-09
G. Thomas Dun|ops
Mark Anniversary
Prominent Capital Couple Have Lived
Here During so Years of MARRIAGE

Mr.. and Mrs. George Thomas
Dunlop, prominent members of
Washington's residential society,
celebrated their 50th wedding
anniversary yesterday afternoon.
Some 200 friends, many of whom
have known the Dunlops since
their marriage in 1900, called at
their Chevy Chase home from
4:30 o'clock on to congratulate
them on their golden wedding day.
Wearing a black, foor-length
gown with a corsage of golden
orchids, Mrs. Dunlop received
with her husband in the house in
which they have lived for 40 years.
Hayes Manor has been the resi-
dence of six generations of Dun
lops, but it was used as a summer
home until the present occupants
moved into it as their permanent
home 40 years ago.
Celebrating the day with Mr..
and Mrs. Dunlop was their son.
Mr.. McCook Dunlop, and his wife
Evening star., 1950-11-09
English Union
Tea Yesterday

The English Speaking Union
tea at the Sulgrave Club yester-
day drew a number of Washing
tonians t B hear a talk by 1t. Gen.
Alfred M. Gruenther. The Army's
Deputy Chief of Staff spoke on
Some Aspects of Our Security
Problems"
Mr.. Albert w. Atwood, presi-
dent of the Washington branch
of the union. received the guests
at the 4:30 party along with Mrs.
Joshua Evans. jr., the newest
member Of the board. Wives of
Army officers presided over the tea
table. Taking turns pouring were
Mrs. H. Conger Pratt, Mrs. A. B.
Quinton and Mrs. Edward Dent.
Among those attending were
Rear Admiral and Mrs. Herbert
Seymour Howard, Mrs. Matthew
D. Ridgway, Mrs. Charles P. Ca
bell, Mr.. and Mrs. Copley Amory.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Lincoln
O'Brien, Mr.. and Mrs. William
Walker Edwards, Miss Bertha
Noyes, 1t. Col. and Mrs. William
Pruitt. Mrs. James Oliver Muir.
dock, Mrs. George Gaydash. Capt.
and Mrs. Ralph c. Parker. Mrs.
John Graham. Mrs. Guy Campbell,
Mrs. Edward Meigs. Mrs. Frank c.
Baldwin. Mr.. Edward Edmundson
and Miss Anne Larrabee.