davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-01

feed, salt and mineral and that pas
lures are changed. Otherwise, they
are left alone.
It costs too much, he thinks, to
run sheep on the open prairie now
with the hazards of dry years, grass
hopper damage to range lands, coy
otes and the sheepherder problem.
The place consists of 400 acres,
with 80 irrigated and about 20 SUBJ
irrigated. Just enough grain is
grown to reseed alfalfa fields when
they become root bound.
Ewes are earmarked at lambing
for culling in the fall. Clements
culls them if they don't have lambs
with the fleece or frame quality he
wants or if they are over four years
old. Few ewes are kept over four
years. His thinking is that it is bet
ter to sell them while they are still
worth something to him as well as
someone else rather than wait until
they are old and worthless.
Shed Landing
Landing is done in sheds all the
time. Clements knows every eve
for its fleece and lamb type. The
ewes with their lambs are put into
separate small pens or 'sjugged," at
Landing time The lamb crop hits
about 100 percent each year now.
The buck lambs are looked over
and the poorest are castrated with
rubbers at four days. Then they are
sold to feeders or fattened for NUT
ton at home. The best buck lamb:
are kept then for later sale or re
placement in the band.
Clements likes the rubber banC
castrating system and says he ha
never experienced any trouble o
any kind with it. If the weather j
dry, the bags will dry and drop of
in about a week with no bleeding
mess or danger of infection. Lamb
ing time at the ranch is at the en-
of March or first of April.
He is working for large-frame
sheep with the best possible fleece
wide, deep body that will hold tn
wool. Another objective in the Gull
ing program is to take the wool OF
the faces but yet keep it on tn
backs of the sheep. Every year i
the past he has taken sample G
wool off the hip and shoulder G
each animal for grading. Clement:
wool is straight rs blood. One c
his best bucks, raised on the place
weighs 314 pounds and sheared
80 pound fleece.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-01
Montana's Ranch
Resources
Continued from page 81

it institutions and agencies were
trying to develop some concepts of
normal values for the stock ranch
during the 30s. Some such concepts
were developed to serve as stand
ards and guides in ranch loan APP
praisal.
Investment standards for the
plains ranches ran from $40 to $50
per head of year-round capacity in
the ranches. For the foothill and
mountain valley ranches these fig
ures come out at $40 to $500. This
was for the year-round ''home for
the cow" and included hay lands,
decided range lands and ranch i'm
provements.
Now, as we scan the earnings fig
ures for the year 1948 in the above
table, we say to ourselves, where
do we go from here?" Gross incomes
for 1913 are near four times those
of the 1935-1939 annual average. OPP
Grating costs have more than dou-
bled, but, the net income for 1948
runs way above that of the gross
income for the annual average of the
1935-1939 period.
What has this done to ranch sale
prices and to our concept of the
normal ranch investment value of
the ''home for cow? Let's draw
some comparisons of past and pres
ent ranch sale prices.
Comparison Land Prices
During the 192Os and the 1906
the Montana plains grasslands that,
in general and over a period of
years, require 30 to 40 acres of
range1and per head of stock cattle
operated, were valued and sold at
ST to $3.50 an acre. The creek bot
tom hay lands sold at $40 to $40 an
acre, with an acre to an acre and
half of this land used per head of
stock cattle. Thus we can see that
the investment in these ranches ran
probably $50 to $75 per head, includ-
ing the improvements.
Comparable figures for the
ranches of the central region. of
Montana were So to SIS an acre for
the 20 acres per head of range land
and $40 an acre for the three-fourths
acre to one acre of irrigated crop
land per head. This meant a per
head investment in ranch property
of $50 to 500 for these ranches.
For the mountain valley ranches
of western Montana, prices prior to
1910 ran SIS to $40 an acre for the
two to four acres of meadow land
used per head of stock cattle OPP
Grated and averaged about So an
acre for the 10 acres of range land
per head. The resulting investment
varied mainly between 500 and $10C
head for these ranches.
Prices Tripled
AS of now, the available informa-
ton concerning the sale prices o.
Montana ranch properties indicate:
that these prices now run abou
triple the ones quoted above. AS ;
consequence, average per head in
vestment rates in the ranch prop
critics now probably have reache,
5000 in the Montana plains regiol
and $3.50 to $500 in the central an,
western regions.
At the 1948 net earnings rate
that we have shown, these ranc
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-01

operator a nice profit above wages.
We are all aware, however, of the
improbability that net earnings such
as those of 1948 will continue far
into the future We know that the
net earnings for 1949 were some
what under those of 1948, due to
lower livestock prices without any
comparable drop in the operating
cost.
What of the Future?
There are reasons for think
ing. however. that the longer
range future for western stock
ranch earnings and values will
be considerably better than our
past concept of normal" For
one influence in this. our nation
al population growth rate. is
such as 10 surprise the popula-
tion analysts. and the continued
trek TO the west coast states
astonishes them.
Both of these population trends
are sustaining factors in our western
stock ranch economy. More people
will eat more beef, and if we are
to produce more beef we must ex-
pand our grass resources 1--WE make
IS percent of our beef tonnage ma
tionally, from grass, and only Is
percent from grain feeding). Prob
ably we can and will do this but it
will take time.
The population students of the
U. S. department of agriculture tell
us that we may have, nationally,
SO percent more people in 1875 than
we had in 1880. They say, with rath-
er wry humor, that were the migra-
ton trends of the last 10 years to
continue, all of that population
would be. in the west-coast states
within 20 years.
If we can conserve and improve
our western ranching resources, we
can reasonably say that our western
ranch economy will be considerably
above that of the 1935-1939 period
Especially does this seem probable
if we can manage for the production
of acceptable slaughter animals fol
those burgeoning towns and cite
to the west of us.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-01
Irrigated Pasture, Fenced in Range
Lick Sheepherder Problem on This
One-Man Sheep Ranch
BY JERRY LESTER

WHERE THERE'S A WILL
there's a way" applies to the sheep
business of Clyde Clements, John
son county, Wyoming.
Clements had large scale range
Montana farmer-stockman., 1950-02-01
Qualify First

Registered eve lambs are kept
each year so that the grades will be
eventually culled out. He doesn't
care how good a registered eve may
look, if it doesn't produce the type
of lamb he wants and it is culled
out.
"a tag in the ear and registration
papers won't make them have the
lambs 1 want" he said.
There are only about 100 grade
ewes left On the ranch now. Glenn
ents sells some registered lambs, of
course, but even without the pre-
MUM price for registered lambs, he
is still money ahead by using good
bucks in the band. He recalls one
registered buck that he paid SIS for
and bred to his top ewes. The result
was a group of lambs that stood out
plainly above all others in the years
crop.
Clements interest is in better
quality eve for good lambs and
plenty of wool rather than in sell
ing registered stock. And the oper-
alton proves that there is good liv-
ing in such small scale sheep OPP
Grafton where quality and good
management are given first billing.
February !. l95o-35
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1950-09-15

expansion of the United Jewish
Appeal and advocates more in
tensive efforts to be undertaken
both in the United States and Is
rael to stimulate private invest
ments for Israel enterprises. A
national conference of several
thousand leaders representing all
elements in American Jewry will
be convoked in the United States
to sanction t h S e recommends
tons.
A proposal that the United
Jewish Appeal be expanded to
include all other Embarrassing
drives for Israel conducted in the
United States by various groups
was supported by practically all
American delegates participating
in the economic conference here.
The proposal w a presented by
Julian Venezky, United Jewish
Appeal leader, and was favorably
received by all speakers at the
conference. In supporting this
proposal, American delegates ex-
pressed the opinion t h a if the
recommendation is adopted, it
might lead to the elimination of
multiplicity of us. Embarrassing
campaigns for Israel.
Mrs. Rose Halprin, president of
Hadassah, which conducts its own
Embarrassing drive in America,
told the conference that the spe-
cial status of Hadassah and the
functions of the organization do
not make it possible for Hadassah
to submerge it's identity. How
ever, she added that the entire
Hadassah membership will sup
port any decision reached at the
conference.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1950-09-15

Jewish War Veterans of the u. S.
Department of Florida
Hollywood, Fla.
Sept. 2, 1850
Major Isadore Moscovitz, Editor
Southern Jewish Weekly
Jacksonville, Florida
Dear Major:
like your editorial in the Sep
TENDER LIST issue of The Southern
Jewish Weekly on the American
Legion fighting Communism, for
I am a Legionnaire and also be-
long to the 40 & 8; and as the
Commander of the Department of
Florida, Jewish War Veterans of
the United States, I would be
amiss if I did not write you on the
policy of the Jewish War Veter-'
ans of the United States of Amer
lea and as loyal citizen of this
country.
We, the Jewish War Veterans,
have taken to the press, the radio
and personal contact against the
Stockholm Peace appeal and also
for immediate enactment of Uni
versal Military Training program
and civilian d e ems to combat
communistic aggression against
the free way of life. We are fight
ing for a total economic mobili-
zation with drastic penalties for
profiteering at the expense of any
phase of the National Defense
program. Every Post of the Jew
ish War Veterans is taking the
lead in backing United Nations
Day on October oath. Every
Mayor in localities where we
have Posts has been urged to is
sue a Proclamation to his COM
munity calling attention to this
Day. Yes, we in JWV feel the
same way about communism as
you do in your editorial. 1t is the
same old package as filthy Hit
lerism and Fascism with a new
red wrapper.
Wishing you and your staff a
Happy New Year and pledging
you our support in this fight
against communism, remain,
Yours in comradeship,
WILLIAM B. HOFFHEIMES,
Commander,
Department of Florida
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1950-09-15
u. S. Jewish Leaders Pledge to
Back Israel's $l,5OO, 900, 900 Loan
BY BERL CORALNIK

JERUSALEM TA-A resolution pedging that American JerY
will back the $500000O00 Israel should the Government
decide float adopted here by the A American
Jewish leaders who in the thredaY economic confer
jointly the Israel Government and the Jewish
Agency Israel indicated that they the
buy
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1950-09-15

"Where schoo the first question asked by lOyearOd
Hanna Sedenad when she debarked from the DIP ship
Blatchford The girl and her parents brought here by
United Service for New Americans beneficiary Of the United
Jewish Appeal Hanna who spent three years hidden in Catholic
cloe Warsaw will be the thousands Of students
who starting school for the fret time this month.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1950-09-15

three years.
The resolution also urges the
Evening star., 1950-02-24

despite what that scientist said. If
he could come back to life and watch
a transport plane unload, what
would he think about his single
passenger statement?
To obtain a free copy of the illus
trated leaflet on the Seven Wonders OF
the World send a self-addreSsed en-
velope to Uncle Ray in care of The Star.
Evening star., 1950-02-24

At the dawn OF this century, there
we're balloons which carried people
through the air, but the heavier
than-air machine (what we now call
the airplane) was a thing of plans
and dreams. Small power models
had been flown, but none had car
ried man with success. The only
kind of plane which could carry a
man was a glider, without any
motor.
Speaking of the future, scientist
said:
Imagine the proud possessor of
the aeroplane darting through the
air at a speed of several hundred
feet per second! 1t is the speed
alone which sustains him. How is
he ever going to stop?"
That scientist went on to say that
some new metal or some new force
might make it possible for plane
to carry 3 single person. 1t was
Evening star., 1950-02-24
Goren on Bridue
GORDO

When a declarer finds himself up
against a guess, it is generally good
policy to postpone his commitment
until later in the play in the hope
that information will be obtained
which will be helpful in making the
decision This has special applica-
ton to the case where one has a
two-Way guess to capture queen
on a finesse. Continuing play until
the bitter end before making the
guess allows for the possibility of
obtaining a complete count on the
various suits, as well as for the
chance that discards by the enemy
may prove enlightening The hold
ing of XII lends itself to this kind
of treatment, in an effort to de-
termine which of the adversaries
holds the ace.
But there are certain hands in
which no amount of play will help
you to discover who has what. To-
days hand is one in point.
The final contract was sound
enough, though North placed a
needless burden on his partner by
bidding only five spades. His values
fully justified slam bid rather than
an invitation to partner to contract
for one. North had a good opening
bid himself facing a partner who
had opened and jumped, on hand
that was known to be a good fit.
The ten of diamonds was opened
and declarer drew the trumps. He
was reluctant to make the heart
guess at once and put off the evil
moment until he had played all the
trumps but one and all other suits.
But, as he might have been able to
predict at the outset, the opposition
would do nothing in these circum-
stances to provide clue. When
declarer at long last played heart,
West was fully aware that the only
hope of the defense was to win two
tricks in th"t suit. He played low,
of course, and declarer, to his great
sorrow, misguessed by playing the
jack.
To our way of thinking, South had
not given himself the best chance.
A better means was available for
eliciting the, cooperation of the
enemy. On winning the opening
lead, declarer's first play, perhaps
without even drawing a trump
should be the low heart. West will
not yet have had time to collect his
thoughts and to map a defensive
campaign. He will not be fully
aware of declarer'S problem, and
may act under the belief that de-
clarer is trying to sneak through a
singleton heart.
At any rate, declarer will have
some better evidence to work with
for most defenders in this situation
will rush in to take their trick. II
West plays low, We would venture to
say that strong presumption arises
that East holds the ace.
If in this situation you find that
you have been outguessed, you may
be sure that was to man with
nerves of steel.
copyright, 1850, by Charles H. Goren)
Evening star., 1950-02-24
Uncle Ruy's Corner BY so"o" cof8"o"

too much" he declared, "to expect
that more than one person would
be carried"
Another scientist, the great Samuel
P. Langley, was more cheerful. He
had worked on a problem and
believed that in the future the air
would become a great universal
highway"
Three years after this century
opened. the Wright brothers made
their first fine success with a power
driven plane at Kittyhawk, N. G.
Before that, they had done a great
deal of practicing with gliders.
Think of what has taken place in
aviation since the Kittyhawk tests
All the continents and oceans of the
earth have been spanned and round
the world airplane trips have been
made.
A fast modern plane can travel
several hundred feet per second"
Such q plane can stop safely
Evening star., 1950-02-24
T axe My Word for 1t
By Fronk Colby
Polls and Ersters.

In recent years, through the
agency of radio broadcasting, the
country at large has become famll-
lar with a very curious phenomenon
of New Yorkese-a transpositlon OF
sounds whereby girl becomes "goil,
and oil becomes "erl."
Or. Henry Alexander" reports
H. L. Mencken in his widely quoted
book, THE American Language
says that the true sound is the same
in both cases, and lies between 'oi
and 'er.' To person unfamiliar
with it, it sounds like "oi" in the
er-words, and like err in the OIL
words"
Ed Garner, the Archie" of Duff
fy's Tavern, said to be an authority
on New York speech, holds much
the same opinion-that the "er" OF
oyster and the "oi" of pearl are one
and the same. But my ears do not
hear it that way; and, for still an
other reason, which 1 shall give a
little later in this article, am con-
vinced that the "oi" and Ger" are
indeed distinctly different sounds.
Having spent much of my boy
hood playing on Manhattan's cele-
brated sidewalks, I am quite famil-
lar with the New York dialect of
the late '90s and the early 1900s
Coil, foist, thoid, bold, choich'
were typical of the common speech
pattern, as were "dese, dose, dem, u
although no one has yet advanced
a plausible explanation as to the
origin of these and other peculiar
tiles.
Mr.. Mencken conjectures, per
haps it owes something to the in
fluence of Yiddish-speaking immi-
grants. It's oi-sound is certainly
heard in Yiddish.' At any rate, one
thing is certain: While "goi" for
girl was well established before the
turn of the century, I had never
heard "erl' for oil, "ersters" for oys-
tiers and verse" for voice until
comparatively recently. This fact
leads to a conclusion which strikes
me as being logical and which pre-
sents evidence that "er" and "oi''
are not the same sound, as Alex
ander, Gardner ct al. believe.
Let us look in on any New York
public school classroom during the
past 20 years or so. Johnny, the son
of foreign-born parents, is reciting
"I hold de song of de bold as it
soiched de 9th fer woims." Teacher
raps sharply on the desk. Johnny, u
she says sternly, how many times
have I told you and the class that
you must never say bold and hold
and 9th? The 'oi' sound is vulgar
and illiterate, and I want no more
of it, understand"
"Yes'm," says Johnny. And he
finally gets the point: "oi" is q
wicked sound that invariably brings
an embarrassing reprimand, and he
naturally resolves to avoid it alto
gether Hence, verse" for voice
"cherce" for choice, "erl" for oil
Evening star., 1950-02-24
10000 Radio Amateurs

WEST HARTFORD, Conn. (P).
The American Radio Relay
League estimates that the total
number of owners of amateur ra-
dio stations, both telegraph and
phone, runs close to 10000 in the
United States. The rest of the
world has 10000.
Evening star., 1950-02-24
Points for Purents-By Edyth Thomas woI'oe,
Children tend repeat the behavior Which gets them hs'
That's true OF too Isn't it?

Mother-Remember-I told you
before we left home that we
couldn't buy candy today. Will
you help me put some oranges in
this bag?
Evening star., 1950-02-24
Word Come
Find "a or more words in
PARRIED,
meaning, "warded off; evaded. y
Average is 80; limit, IS minutes.

Rules---Words must be of four or more
letters. Words which acquire four letters
by the addition of IS" such as bats"
cats" are not used. Only one form OF a
word is used. Proper names are not used.
A list will be published tomorrow.
Evening star., 1950-01-13


really impressive dry show here
since repeal.
A reminiscent shudder is
sweeping the Capital as news of
the first days hearing spreads.
Militant women jammed the
aisles. A Methodist Bishop from
that church's Board Of Temper
ance and Public Morals mar
shalled the case. The Anti
Saloon League under another
name was back again.
Definitely this is where Wash
ington came in after World War
I. The question is how much
does the show really mean.
Death in Committee Seen.
Some astute Senator'S are
promising that the bill will die
in committee. Nearly all hope
they will be spared a roll call vote
on it. But plenty showed up for
the hearing and they were con-
spicuously polite to all the wit
nesses.
One veteran recalled thankfully
that the vital ingredient Of pro-
hibition was missing. That was
Wayne B. Wheeler. the tough,
single minded czar of the Anti
Saloon League. who judged a
politician by only one standard: !:
Did he vote right on pro-
hibition?" A member Of Congress
could stagger to his seat to cast
his vote. he could fall prey to the
interests or display no possible
tinge of statecraft, but If he voted
for prohibition, Mr.. Wheeler mus
Evening star., 1950-01-13
c.. Q. p. Shoots at Santa
Republicans Hammer at Welfare Policies,
But Make No Positive Stand of Own

programs that have been bene-
fetal to the rank and file have
likewise been beneficial to big
corporate and financial interests
and business generally. for in
many ways they have opened up
new opportunities and, by opening
up new opportunities. they have
opened up new markets for what
business and industry produce.
They have given the economy a
vitality by revitalizing the indi-
vidual economic units, which peo-
pie are, which make up the econ
omy.
Santa Claus can, Of course, be
over-done, as fond parents prove
every Christmas. The impulse
must be restrained and curbed In
Government. But there is a diff
ference in applying moderation
and in condemning all economic
and social programs as designed
merely to buy" votes,
AS was pointed out here recently
in analyzing the makeup of the
Presidents budget, much more is
going to buy guns than to "buy'
social welfare for our citizens. with
80 cents Of the taxpayers dollar
required for national defense. and
only 6 cents being applied to social
welfare. health and security. Be.
yond national defense. 80 cent.
OF your tax dollar goes for past
wars and protection against DOS.
sible future wars-veterans care
international economic and mill.
tary aid and interest on the wa,
debt-which, with 80 cents for ma.
tional defense, runs into a tota.
Of II cents.
Republican leaders, includine
State Governors. who assemble
here next week to discuss a new
statement Of party policy, Nigh,
consider a shift from the negative
and accentuate the positive
There's that slogan of the 1s2os
If 1t doesn't recall too many sac
memories:
| Don't Sell America Short -