davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-05-28

to work on the Nations health
were 73 species. Many of these
were of the harmless, though ex-
asperating kind. But there we're
several species that rank high as
killers. known to be transmitters
of yellow fever. Bancroft's filari-
asis, malaria. dengue and some of
the encephalitises.
This long and thorough study
does not mean that entomologists
have caught up with every type
and kind of insect that ever could
invade America by air. New and
mysterious species are frequently
being discovered in other parts
of the world that could set of
the dreaded epidemics here. Once
it was believed only the "Aedes
aegypti" mosquito could transmit
yellow fever. That no longer is
true. There are others, both known
and suspected.
Another equally important rea-
son for this insect count is the
need for keeping a close check on
the job being done by the aircraft
crewman assigned to the planes
characterization. An airline whose
planes fly in with a consistently
high number of alive and knock
ed-down insects is open to the
suspicion Of having failed to dis
insecticize the cabin effectively.
The Foreign Quarantine Divi-
Sion's defending force against
communicable disease invasion by
sea. land and air, numbers around
600 persons and the annual cost
OF their work is just over SO mil
lion. The House Appropriations
Subcommittee. though in a cut
ting mood this year. welded no
pruning axe on the estimates for
1851. 1t granted the budget request
and told the divisions chief. DR..
Gilbert L. Dunnahoo you are
doing a very good job in this quar-
antine service"
Head of the division since l943,
but a USPHS medical quarantine
ofhcer since 1928. DR.. Dunnahoo
is a widely-recognized authority
on quarantine procedure and is
a member Of the panel of yellow
fever experts of the World Health
Organization.
Evening star., 1950-05-28
Epidemic Fighters Tackle Aiplane as Disease Spreader

his plane at a point furthermost
from the United States, he could
fly back here we'll within the in
cubation period of the disease,
betray no symptoms to the health
inspectors and innocently cause
the outbreak of an epidemic.
That-and the equally serious
question of whether a mosquito
could survive a long airplane flight
with the changing altitude, tenn
perature and humidity, was what
alarmed public health authorities
20 years ago as the international
airplane was being proclaimed the
messenger of good will, the ex-
pediter of commerce and the har-
binger of peace.
To the foreign quarantine ex-
perts of the United States Public
Health Service, the international
airplane was a serious threat to
the health of America, though
they kept those thoughts to them
selves. Nor did they join with the
thinking in some lands that had
been ravaged by communicable
diseases-that the international
plane should be banished from
their airports and from their SOW
ereign air space.
The problem of humans becom-
ing infected in foreign lands and
quickly flown to America was ap-
preached at once through the in
ternational sanitary control agree
ments and requirements then in
force for surface transportation
and since developed for air. So
far, it has been successfully han
died by alertnesS and the generous
use of rapid communication facili-
ties by public health agents
throughout the world. as was illus
trated early this month when an
international airliner from India
landed in London with a small
pox suspect aboard.
British quarantine authorities
held the man for observation and
after checking the, United States
bound passengers exposed to him
on the fight, permitted them to
continue their trip. As they took
off. the cautious USPHS Medical
Ofncer attached to the American
Embassy in London. flashed the
facts to Foreign Quar- atine
Evening star., 1950-05-28
New Look at Old Air Transport Problems

About so countries will take a
new look at some old problems
when the International Civil Avia-
ton Organization opens its fourth
assembly at Montreal Tuesday.
Proposals for a global agree
ment on commercial flying rights
and for a world company to own
and operate main international
air routes will be up again. There
is little likelihood of action on
either.
Most of the three weeks work
will deal with questions of lesser
scope and more immediate i'm
portance: Control of -sched-
uled air carriers flying interna-
tionally; rules for amending the
formal pact under which 1CAO
exists: technical standards for
aircraft; reduction of travel red
tape and legal problems arising
from accidents to foreign aircraft.
Russia, along with other United
Nations countries which are not
ICAO members, has been invited
to send observers, Russia usually
Evening star., 1950-05-28

of the board of Foster Wheeler
Corp. New York, which makes
equipment for petroleum re-
finery and steam plants. is Vice
Admiral Earle M. Mills, who
once headed construction Of
of all naval vessels. Maj.
Gen. Russell Maxwell, COM
mander of the United States
forces in the Middle East in
1912, is vice chairman of Amer
lean Machine g. Foundry, which
makes machinery for the pro-
duction of cigars and cigarettes.
The manufacture of Office
equipment now occupies Lt.'
Gen. Leslie Groves, who headed
the wartime Manhattan Pro-
ject which developed the atomic
bomb. He is vice president of
Remington Rand, Inc. in Paw
tucket, r. /. Vice Admiral
William j. Carter, former chief
of the Navy Bureau of Supplies
and Accounts. is president of the
Mackenzie Walton Co., which
makes copper tubings.
Several former air force stars
are now occupied with civilian
air travel. Maj. Gen. C. L.
Chennault, who commanded the
famous Flying Tigers. is now
president of the Civil Air Trans
port in Hong Kong, an Ameri-
can owned private airline
operating in China. Pan Amer
ican World Airways has the
services of Admiral John H.
Towers. The former chief of
the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics
is a PAWA vice president.
Insurance keeps some other
retired officers busy. Gen.
Jonathan M. Wainwright, who
commanded the last-ditch fight
in the Philippines. is chairman
of the board of the Armed
Forces Insurance Underwriters
in San Antonio, Tex. Also in
San Antonio is Gen. Alexander
A. Vandegrift, former top COM
mander of the largest force of
United States Marines in history
and leader of the Marines at
tack on Guadalcanal. He is
ljaison officer for the Govern
ment personel Mutual Life In
Surance Co. there.
Empire State. Inc, which
operates the Empire State
Building, New York, is headed
by 1t. Gen. Hugh A. Drum,
commanding general of the
Evening star., 1950-05-28

College, Colorado Springs. Dean
of the Creighton School of Medi-
cine. Omaha, is Brig. Gen.
Percy Carroll, wartime chief
surgeon of the United States
Army forces in the Southwest
Pacific area. Rear Admiral
Lewis B. Combs, former direc-
tor of the Atlantic division of
yards and docks. heads the de-
partment of civil engineering of
the Rensselaer, Polytechnic In
stitute, Troy, NY
Admiral w H. P. Blandy, for
mer commander in chief of the
United States Fleet. who was in
charge of atomic bomb tests off
Bikini, heads the Health Infor-
ma Foundation, founded by
leading drug, chemical and
pharmaceutical manufacturers
to gather facts on the Nations
health. Rear Admiral George F.
HuSSey, formerly in charge of
development and production of
all Navy firing equipment, is
now managing director of the
American Standards Associa-
ton. which establishes standards
for industrial products
Some retired Marine Corps
officers head police forces. Maj.
Gen. Merritt A. Edison. one of
the corps outstanding experts on
small arms and explosives, is di-
rector of Vermont State police.
Maj. Gen. William A. Worton, a
veteran of both World Wars,
now is chief Of the Los Angeles
police force.
Distributed by the Associated Press
Evening star., 1950-05-28
By Frederick r. Nicely

This is the goth anniversary of
the launching of an airborne Of
fensive against the United States
by loathsome and contagious dis
eases-an offensive that has been
continuous and relentless but has
failed thus far to establish an epi-
demic beachhead.
No formal observance of this
milestone is being planned. for
complete and final defeat will not
come to the invaders until their
last breeding grounds all over the
earth are eradicated forever, a
seemingly impossible task to which
the World Health Organization in
Geneva. is now devoted
Unless mankind's offensive is
universally triumphant, epidemics
Of such terrifying diseases as yell
low fever, malaria. bubonic plague,
typhus, cholera and smallpox are
still possible in America, though
not feared so much now as they
were this time two decades ago.
Time Is Friend
Innocent victim of its greatest
assets - speed and range - the
long g-distance airplane. whether In
scheduled or non-Scheduled COM
mercial operations, military serv-
ice or private flying, still is cap
able of spreading contagious dis
eases about the globe faster thar
any vehicle on land or sea. Fact
that 1t has not yet done so is due
to the rapid and thorough prog.
ress made in the science of public
health and preventive medicine
here and abroad and the thor
oughness Of the enforcement
officers.
When distant, over-ocean trave
had to be by ship. person un.
knowingly could be infected in 6
far-away epidemic area before
going aboard, but would usually
manifest symptoms of illness dur.
ing or at the end of the Ions
voyage here. He then would be
quarantined promptly to preven'
the disease from spreading ashore
But If an air traveller were bit,
Aten by an insect before boarding.
Evening star., 1950-05-28
By jones J. Strebid


reached So countries this month
with the admission of Iran and
Indonesia.
The session will complete the
first term of the 21-nation coun-
Gil, which sits continuously as the
working group, and of the term of
DR.. Edward P. Warner of the
United States as council presi-
dent. Both the council and DR..
Warner appear likely to be re-
elected.
A global agreement has been an
Elusive goal since Chicago. All
attempts to write a pact for COM
mon freedom of the air for COM
mercial f1iers have stumbled over
formulae for restricting competi-
ton. The prospect is that this
assembly will agree only to study
the idea further and fix a date
for full consideration.
New Zealand is expected to try
new approach with a plan for a
multilateral agreement which will
omit the controversial points and
all points covered by the Chicago
pact. That would restrict IL tn
Evening star., 1950-05-28

out in Natal, Brazil, in the spring
of 1880 and rapidly swept through
the northeastern area of that
country, striking down 100000
people, of whom $4,000 failed to
survive. 1t ragged for seven years
and was not completely eradicat-
ed until 1910. The epidemic was
caused by the importation from
West Africa of the deadly malaria
mosquito known in chronological
circles as the "Anopheles gambiae. "
First reports said the mosquitoes
crossed the South Atlantic by air.
plane, but it has since almost
certainly" been established that
they came over on a ship that put
in at Natal.
Regardless of how the gambiae
mosquitoes got there. interna-
tional air service already was
operating on schedule to Latin
America and American planes
were putting in at Natal and other
infected ports north and south of
the epidemic's center. That was
sufficient for the suspicious people
of the Foreign Quarantine Service
who are required by law to be sus-
picious of any possible method or
means by which virulent diseases
could be brought into this coun-
try.
Quietly they began close inspec-
ton of all incoming plspes at
such vulnerable airports oS entry
Evening star., 1950-05-28
Fiue-Star War Leaders Still Active
Top Soldiers Are
industrial and
Business Peers
By Adeloide Kerr

A lot of admirals and gen.
erals, retired from Uncle Sans
service, are now doing impor-
tant work in business, educa-
ton, Government or public
service.
Three world famous, five-star
American war leaders still on
the active list, but on inactive
duty status, are also giving dis
tinguished service in new fields.
Gen. of the Army George Mar
shall, Americas top soldier in
World War II and former Secre-
tary of State, is president of the
American Red Cross and chair
man of the American Battle
Monuments Commission.
Gen. Of the Army Dwight
Eisenhower, who led the Allied
Expeditionary Force in Europe,
is president Of Columbia Univer-
versity. Fleet Admiral Chester
w. Nimitz, wartime commander
in chief of the Pacific Fleet. is
serving the United Nations. Last
year, he did considerable
speech-making. Now he awaits
q call to Kashmir, where he is
scheduled to administer a plebi-
scite to determine whether
Kashmir becomes part of India
or Pakistan.
One of the busiest retired
officers is Gen. Carl (Tooey
SpaatZ, who was commander in
chief of Uncle Sans strategic
bombing forces against Ger
many and Japan and later first
Chief of Staff of the United
States Air Force. He has just
completed a whirlWind tour of
several European countries in
the interests of the Civil Air
Patrol whose Executive Board
he heads.
Preparing Air History
Gen. Spaatz also heads the
board which is seeking a site for
the proposed Air Force Acad-
emy counterpart of West Point
and Annapolis. He is contrib
uting editor of NeWsWeek and
is preparing a history of air
power which he hopes to pub
lish next year.
Most of the retired military
bigWigS are in business, chiefly
manufacturing. Gen. Lucius D.
L. Clay, who filled one of the
worlds toughest postwar Jobs as
American military governor of
Germany. is chairman of the
board of Continental Can Co.
President and chairman of the
board of Jones & Laughlin Steel
Co. of New York is Admiral Ben
Moreell, wartime chief of the
Bureau of Yards and Docks, who
founded the Navy's Seabee con-
Struction battalions.
Gen. Brehon B. Somervell,
commanding general of the
Army Service Forces during
World War II, heads Koppers
Co., Pittsburgh, producers and
manufacturers of crude and re-
fined tar products. Chairman
Evening star., 1950-05-28

as San Juan, P. R.; Miami and
Brownsville. Tex. Soon they were
rewarded for their efforts for
they found not only mice, bugs,
flies and other insects, but a biting
mosquito feared the world over.
1t was an "Aedes aegypti," the
transmitter of yellow fever.
Concurrently with these plane
inspections, USPHS medical Off
GERS and entomologists conducted
! actual tests with mosquitoes in
flight. They stained them for
further Identification and turned
them loose in the plane cabins
and compartments. After as much
as 80 hours of flying, over great
distances and at attitudes as high
as $4,000 feet. they recovered a
sufficient number alive and other
wise unaffected by the changing
icanditioas, - satisfy them that
mosquitoes made good air travel
ers: better than humans at ex-
tremely high attitudes, for they
did not need oxygen.
/ In mid-1937, the Foreign Quar-
antine Service. began a detailed
compilation of the number and
character of insects found in
planes arriving at American air.
ports frcm infected areas. Inter-
national air transportation was
growing steadily and with this
growth the hazard of airborne dis
eases and insects increased in
proportion.
Variety of Killers
From then, until March 81 Of
this year, the latest available total
for all airports of entry. more than
$4,000 mosquitoes were found dead
on arrival, but some 1900 were
discovered to have survived or
escaped the insecticidal spraying
of the cabin by the aircraft crew
member. From third to half of
this number were feeling right
badly and though technically re-
corded as knocked downs" they
nevertheless were listed as alive
on the chance they might have
recovered and gone on to multiply
here had they not been captured.
| Represented In the total of more
than $4,000 dead and alive air.
borne mosquitoes ths never got
Evening star., 1950-05-28

Material elections next November
The Republicans in Connecticut.
for example. will fight it out in
State convention to determine
who shall be the party candidates
for Governor and for two United
States Senate seats. In North and
South Dakota, the COP will settle
tight struggles over senatorial
nominations. New Mexico and
Maine also hold June primaries
but neither nominates candidates
for Senator this year. and the
sitting members of the House are
expected to be renominated.
James Roosevelt, oldest son Of
the late President Franklin d.
Roosevelt, is making his first bid
for major elective Office in his
adopted State. California. AS
Democratic candidate for Cover
nor. Mr.. Roosevelt is expected
next fall to face Gov Earl War
rem. Republican, who is seeking a
third term. Under California S
elastic primary law. both have
cross-flled. So the primary re-
suits, to some degree. will show
the drawing power of each man
in the later general election. Gov
Warren has had a very consider
able Democratic support in past
elections-and four years ago he
won both the Republican and
Democratic nominations. At that
time MI. Roosevelt was Demo-
cratic State chairman and was
placed in the anomalous position
of having Republican Earl Warren
as his party candidate for Gov
ernor.
Others CrosS.File
Candidates in California for
the Senate seat now held by Sen
ator Downey, Democrat. who is
not seeking denomination, will
undergo similar tests. All of them
have crosS-flled. The Democrats
are battling over Mrs. Helen
Gahagan Douglass member of
the House-and Manchester Bod
dy. Los Angeles publisher, who is
running with the backing Of the
conservative wing of the Demo-
cratic Party. The Republicans are
centering their hopes on Repre-
sentative Nixon. who has won rec
ognition in Washington particu-
larly by his service as a member
OF the House Un-American Ac-
tivities Committee che had an i'm
portant part in the development
of the Hiss caSe).
All these candidates have been
campaigning vigorously to line UP
votes in State which has grown
in population enormously. There
Is a total registration of Demo.
cratic and Republican potentia,
voters of about 4.6 million-and
of these 2.8 million are Demo-
cratic and 18 million are Repub-
lican. California voters. however
wear party collars lightly. This
same large discrepancy of regis
tration in favor of the Democrats
was in existence when Gov
Warren was first elected in 1912
1t existed, too, in 1916 when Sen
ator Knowland. Republican, de-
teated Will Rogers. jr., his Demo-
cratic opponent for the Senate
by some 250,000 votes. And while
President Truman carried Cali
fornia in 1948, it was by a margin
OF only few thousand.
/ Polls which have been taken re.
Gently in Southern California. In
the gubernatorial primary, show
Roosevelt with 81 per cent Of the
Democratic vote and Warren with
81 per cent of that vote. They
show, too, Warren with more
than 78 per cent of the Republi
can vote, and Roosevelt with
about Is per cent.
In the senatorial primary, the
following percentages showed up
in the poll: Democratic-Douglas
43 per cent; Boldly, % per cent
and Nixon, % per cent: Repub-
Evening star., 1950-05-28
Tests for Bronnon Plan
And Roosevelt Shaping
California Primary Is First Major Bid
For Presidents Son, While lowuns
Will Decide on Farm Issue
By Gould Lincoln

California and Iowa primary elections to be held dnE the
will political OF the Roosevelt
California; and the popular OF the Bannan farm
plan (n Iowa.
be decisive month number Of
having bearing the CONGRESSIONAL and gube
Evening star., 1950-05-28
Explosive Political Siqns
Abound in Latin America
Countries Display Symptoms of Unrest
Such os Developed in Haiti and Nicaragua;
Reds Pull Strings Behind Scenes
By Edword TomIinson

The recent military in Nicaragua may
fitting prelude to Assistant Secretary of
Mers scheduled visit to the Caribbean
Secretary will find these latest
symptoms OF the explosive political situation that exists
the American Mediterranean"
ones
Evening star., 1950-02-13
BaIfimore-D. Parkway
Nears Vote in House Unit

A bill to authorize completion
of the proposed Baltimore Wash
ington parkway may come before
the House Public Works Commit
tee for vote sometime this week.
Representative Fallon, Demo-
crat, of Maryland. a committee
member, expressed hope an execu-
tive session will be held Thursday
He and Representative Sasscer,
Democrat, of Maryland, are joint
sponsors of the measure.
Hearings have been completed,
and informal conferences also
have been held by parties con-
cerned, including members of
Congress, spokesman for the Dis
trict, and the Office of National
Capital Parks.
The measure would transfer the
project. stretching from the Dis
trict line to Jessup Road, near
Fort Meade, to the Office of Ma
tional Capital Parks.
Evening star., 1950-02-13
GoIIinger Laboratory Research
Hampered by Lack of Personnel

rary duty. Since the four nurses
have been on duty. DR.. Frazekas
added. "the department is run
ming much more efficiently"
The chief of staff told re-
porter that three technicians have
been assigned on temporary status
to the x-ray service, greatly cas-
ing the strain in that depart
ment. In addition. he said, q
specialist will be available from
the schools when f1uroscopic ma
chinery now on order arrives for
diagnostic examination.
Since these Improvements, Dr.
Fazekas said, there has been "a
general trend of optimism around
the hospital"
Pointing out the need for new
X-ray equipment, however, he
told Congress the hospital spends
$1,000 or $4,000 year in get
ting the apparatus repaired"
Glenn Dale Shortages.
While Gallinger officials report
ed they have been able to recruit
nurses up to authorized strengt'5.
Glenn Dale Sanitorium heads told
the committee there are 81 va
cancies among the 81 nursing
spots open at the tuberculosis in
stitution. To offset the nursing
deficiency, officials asked for
money to hire IS hospital attend
ants to replace Is nurses jobs.
Health Officer Daniel L. Seek
niger told the group the District
has had to close two dental elm
les because the department has
been unable to hire dentists. Due
to lack of personnel, he testified,
only 1882 dental inspections
were made last year, compared
with 1893 in 1914.
DR.. Seckinger asked funds to
hire two, dentist two dental assist
ants and five dental hygienists
next year to carry out program
of f1uorine treatment to prevent
dental decay in school-age chill
dren. He said he hoped $4,000
children could be brought under
the program.
Evening star., 1950-02-13

substantially raising community
giving over last year." said Mr..
Jelleff. Equally valuable is the
impact this increased community
acceptance of responsibility for
human needs will have on next
years campaign"
Washington was 2.64 per cent
above the national level of in
crease in giving. The city was
sixth among the Nations 10
largest cities in percentage of
goal reached.
At So, Mr.. Luchs was the
youngest general chairman of any
chest campaign. He is executive
vice president and treasurer of
Shannon & LuchS, realtors. He
is vice president of the District
Chapter of the American Insti-
tute of Real Estate Appraisers, a
past officer of the Junior Cham
ber of Commerce and a trustee
of the Boys Club of Washington.
Mr.. Luchs, who lives at 3543
Chesapeake street NV, served as
a lieutenant commander in the
Navy during World War II.
Evening star., 1950-02-13
| New Limousine
| For Truman Has
| SHk-Hot Room

A new custom-built, over sized
Lincoln limousine for President
Truman's use has arrived in
Washington.
At the White House it was said
that delivery of the car was ex-
pected there later today.
Much has been written about
the impressive land yacht. 1t is
the first of a feet of 10 being
built for lease to the White House
for President Truman's use.
It has at least a 145-inch wheel
base and enough headroom for
high silk hats. Interior hardware
is gold plated. Separate radio
and heater equipment is available
for passenger and driver COM
partments.