davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-12-10
Fifth Symposium
lat WILLIAMSBURG
Gardens Planned

A Williamsburg garden SYM
postum, fifth in the series of an
nual events, will be held in Feb
ruary, devoted to a practical ap-
.proach to gardening problems,
paintings and design trends.
The 1851 event will feature au-
thorities In a number Of related
fields. discussion periods and
clinics for individual problems,
special entertainments and tours
through the more than go acres
of 18th century gardens. In past
years amateur gardeners, horti-
|culturists and plant-lovers from
all parts Of the Nation have come
to this restored 18th century city
for the periods. d.
The February event has been
compressed into three-day ses-
sions. The two separate sessions
differing only in selection OF
speakers, are scheduled on Febru-
|ary 10 to 81 and February 26 to
%. respectively. The symposium
lis open to the general public
through advance registration.
illustrated talks by nationally
known experts will cover trends in
American gardens. "How Will
liamsburg Can Help Modern Gar
den Design" flower arrangements
plant photography. use of herbs
in present-day gardens, ways o1
keeping the small garden and dis
cussions on ANIMALS. perennials
evergreens and deciduous plants
Each afternoon during the discus
teas, points brought up ir
the talks will be- discussed. The
discussion-teas will cover Garden
Design Trends" plant Materials
and a Small Garden Clinic" on
maintenance problems.
In addition to conducted tour.
of the colonial gardens, a specia
battle-ground exhibit Of mainte-
nance equipment and procedure.
will be set up and optional tours
are arranged to nearby JAIME.
River plantations. Also scheduled
during each of the two three-day
sessions is reception by candle
light in the colonial Governor
Palace.
Participating in the Symposium
sessions will be Helen M. Fox, o1
the American Herb Society; Pau
F. Frese, Editor of Popular
Gardening; Gootlieb Hampf1er
plant photographer from Long
wood Gardens: E. L. Kammerer
arborculturist at the Morton
Arboretum; Helen Totty, flower
expert of Madison, N. j.; Elizabeth
Van Bront, expert on herbs; Free
man Weiss, curator of the Ameri-
can Type Culture Collection; John
C. Wister. director of the Arthur
Hoyt Scott Horticultural Founda-
ton; Anne Wertsner Wood. lee
turer and writer on gardens;
Harry Wood, superintendent a,
Swarthmore College; Donald
Wyman, horticulturist at the
Arnold Arboretum; Louise B
Fisher, creator of flower arrange
ments for Colonial Williamsburg
Alden Hopkins, resident land
scape architect of Colonial Will
liamsburg: and Thomas l.. Will
liams, staff photographer Of
Colonial Williamsburg.
Inquiries should be directed
to the Registrar, williamsburg
Garden Symposium, Goodwin
Building. Williamsburg. Va
Evening star., 1950-12-10

House plants may be protected
from drying out during a period
of a week or two when the owners
are absent by packing the pots in
a container filled with wet peat
moss. The peat moss should be
firmly pressed into the container
about the pots so that it will not
dry rapidly through air circulation.
Evening star., 1950-12-10
Life in the Country
LethoI Weapon for Pine Growth
Is Two-HondIed Brush Saw
BY jones BirchfieId-

Mud, I find, is one of the most
unpleasant things about a farm.
A little work on my part during
dry weather would prevent lot
of mud during the rainy season.
but somehow it never seems to
get done.
7 suppose I'm like the old man
with the leaky roof. When the
sun shines there is no need Of
repairing the leaks, and when it
rains it is too wet.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-04-13
THURSDAY, APRIL -, 1850.
ADDITIONAL LOCAL NEWS

Members of Garrett Temple No. II,
Pythian Sisters, are having a food
sale on Saturday, April p, at the De
Witt and DeBerry store on Alder
street, starting at 10 o'clock.
Mr.. and Mrs. Newton Coplin motored
to Windbcr, Pa, on Sunday where the
latter is remaining for a week to
visit friends and relatives. Mr. Cop
lin returned to Oakland Sunday night.
Lewis Walter, Richard Lowen and
Mrs. Irene Conklen, of Baltimore,
spent Sunday with the formers faith
or, Dave w. Walter, and other mem
bers of the family at their home on
Sixth street.
The general meeting OF the WSCS
of the Methodist church will be held
in the Sunday School room Wednes-
day, April 10, at o'clock. There will
be showing of the film of Latin
America, taken by Paul Naylor, and
an exhibit of handcraft of Central
America. The refreshments will be
in character with the program.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-04-13

Mr. and Mrs. William Twigg and
Donna X, Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Croft and daughter Patty, Cumber-
land, visited their parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Joseph Rodeheaver, Oakland
Mrs. Julius Littman returned to
Oakland Tuesday from st. Louis, Mo-,
where she had met her daughter, Miss
Donna Littman, of Laramie, Wyom-
ing, and for the Easter holiday sea-
son.
Mr. and Mrs. Howard Wensel and
son, Greenbelt; Mr.. and Mrs. E. f.
Dunbar and daughter, Terra Alta, w.
Va, were guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Floyd Wensel, south of town, over
Easter
Mrs. Owen Treacy left for Balti-
more this morning where she will
visit with relatives and will attend
the wedding of her nephew, Gilbert
Sweeney, to Miss Agnes Wallner, ON
Saturday.
Robert ID. Bittle, instructor in the
engineering department, West Viz
ginia university, Morgantown, spent
the Easter vacation with his parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. F. D. Bittle, and at
Greenbank, w. Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Warren, of
Washington, d. c., spent the Easter
weekend with the latter's parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. f. C. Lawrence. On their
return home they were accompanied
by Mrs. Lawrence, who will visit
several days in Baltimore and Wash
ington.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-04-13

Mrs. William c. Warfield and two
children, Washington, d. c., visited
relatives here.
John Bowes, of Roanoke, Va, was
a guest at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Erwin Smith over the weekend.
Mrs. Robert Hesen and infant son
returned home on Saturday from the
Memorial hospital, Cumberland.
Mr. and Mrs. Carl Calls and sons
spent the weekend with relatives in
Quantico, Va, and Washington, D. c.
Mr.. and Mrs. Emroy Bolden were
hosts at a buffet supper on Sunday
evening. There were twelve guests
present.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph f. Weber will
entertain members of the Owls club
and their wives this evening at their
home.
Mrs Eva Mitchell remains critical
ly i'll at the home of her son-in-law
and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. S. T..
Naylor.
Dr.. Rebecca Thayer returned to
Wooster, o., Monday, after having
spent the Easter weekend here with
relatives.
The junior choir of the Lutheran
church will meet next Wednesday
night at 1870 at the home of Mrs.
Emeric Dusic.
Mrs. Margaret Casteel, who had
been spending the winter months in
Fairmont, W. Va, will visit relatives
here for sevreal weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harley Dawson, of
Greenbelt, spent Easter with his
father, George Z. Dawson, at the
Park, and other relatives.
The Mary Martha Circle of ST.
Marks Lutheran church will meet at
the home of Mrs. George Yutzy, 7:45,
Wednesday, April 10.
Mrs. T. c. Bittinger, of near Oak
land, is visiting her son-in-law and
daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Edward G.
Markley, at Laurel, Md.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Harrison Beck
announce the birth of son, John Har-
rison Beck, Jr., in Baltimore, Thurs
day, March 30 Mrs. Beck is the for
mer Marry Emma Chaires, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. g. Bates Chaires, for
mer residents of Oakland.
Mrs. R. G. White and daughter,
Mary Ann, of Cleveland Ohio; Mrs,
J. F. Hart and sons, Jack and Bob,
and Miss Rebecca White, all of
Pittsburgh, Pa, have returned to
their homes following visit of sever
al days with Mrs. c. f. White, Liber-
ty street.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-04-13

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur limbaugh, Of
Parsons, w. Va, visited Mr.. and Mrs.
Robert Orr on Monday and attended
the Easter Monday dance at the Will
liam-James hotel. The dance was
largely attended.
Mrs. Weston Dodson, Arlington,
Va, arrived in Oakland yesterday to
visit for several days with her father,
II. c. Sincell, who has been indisposed
for a week or more. Mr.. Sincell OBJ
served his 10th birthday anniversary
Yesterday.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-04-13

Mr. and Mrs. George Alberto, Balti-
more, and Lieut. NJ Alice Butt, Of
Washington, d. c., spent the Easter
vacation here with their mother, Mrs.
j. William Butt, Oak street.
Miss Lulu B. Hooking and brother,
John Hooking, who had been visiting
their brother-in-law and sister, Mr..
and Mrs w. A. Sturgiss, left for
Romney, W. Va, to spend a few days
before continuing to Meyersdale, Pa,
where they will reopen the family
home for the summer.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-04-13

Milo S. Downey, state boys All
club leader, was in the county this
week for visit with the county All
clubs.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-04-13

Members Of the Senior Girl Scout
troop are having a rummage sale on
Saturday, April Is, at Youthland
store.
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19

out of Meat Type New Hamp-
shires'' His years of experience
using New Hampshires in the
hatchery business gave him a
wealth of information to draw
from.
Professor Jeffrey discussed the
topic, why Eggs Don't Hatch"
Professor Jeffrey is considered one
of the outstanding authorities in
the East on this subject. said w.
C. Shoglund, Short Course Direc-
tor. Results of the latest research
in this field were given to the
poultrymen.
Other short courses for 1950-51
of interest to poultrymen are the
Feed Dealers Short Course and a
Poultry Diseases Short Course.
Dates for these will be announced
later.
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19

Collingswood. New Jersey, and a
194S home economics graduate of
the University of Delaware. Since
graduation, Mrs. Cavanaugh has
been home economics advisor with
the Public Service Electric and
Gas Company, Camden, New Jer-
sey. In this capacity she has or
ganized and conducted home eco
nomics demonstrations for wom-
ems groups.
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
Dairyman Compares
Pre-Milking Treatments

Good dairymen now pay as much
attention to the way they prepare
a cow for milking and how they
milk her as they do to breeding
and feeding, according to Delmar
]. Young, extension dairy special
ist at the University of Delaware.
Mr.. Young points out some OF
the latest findings on preparing
the cow for milking. He refers to
research done at the Ohio State
Experiment Station comparing diff
ferent methods of pre-milking pro-
cedures and their effects on let
down by the cow, flow of milk dur
ing milking, and length of milk
ing time.
The final experiment used the
following methods: no preparation;
dry-hand rub of the udder to brush
off straw and dirt; cleaning the
udder with a cold, damp cloth;
cleaning with heavy towel wrung
from hot water; and cleaning with
a wet, hot towel plus removal of
one or two streams of milk from
each teat.
The milking response was the
same with cold, warm, and hot
water. Water hotter than 120 de-
grees Fahrenheit was uncomfort-
able for the mixer to use and dis
turbed the COW. 1t was concluded
that some preparation was neces-
sary to encourage milk let-down
and shorten the milking time. II
sanitation is considered, the warm
water method is probably the best,
said Mr.. Young. He recommends
1O-15 second massage with a warm
wet towel.
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19

Mrs. Cavanaugh assumed her
duties on October 9th. She re-
sides in Doyer and will have her
Office in the Kent County Exten-
sion Office in the Dover Post Of
fee Building. Mrs. Cavanaugh
succeeds Mrs. Violet Goodwill, who
resigned as of September 1. Mrs.
Goodwill is now teaching home
economics in Harrington.
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
Authorities Address Hatchery
Flock Owners

Fred Nichols, Kingston, New
Hampshire, and Fred Jeffrey,
chairman of the poultry depart
ment, University of Massachusetts,,
were the main speakers at the
statewide Hatchery-Flock Owners
Short Course, at Milford, yester-
day.
Mr.. Nichols, owner of the Nichols
Poultry Farms, Inc, is the origi-
nator of one of the meat type
strains of New TIampshires now
widely used in Delaware's broiler
industry. Mr.. Nichols talk cen
tered on "How to Get More Eggs
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19

key dinner banquet, and two guest
speakers will highlight the meet
ing.
The plans are for the group to
meet at the Georgetown substation
at 8 p. m. After seeing and hear
ing the turkey research being
carried on at the station they will
travel to the Dixie Del Farm at
Lewes. The main meeting starts
at $50, at the Midland Grange
Hall, Georgetown, with a turkey
dinner. Immediately after the
dinner, two authorities on turkey
production will talk to the grow
ers.
Alfred Van Vagenen, marketing
specialist for the Northeastern
Poultry Producers Council will
talk on the turkey market situa-
tion as it will affect Delaware pro-
ducers during the holiday seasons
just ahead. Warren d. Johnson,
Nottingham, Pa, president of the
National Turkey Federation will
talk briefly on the National FEEDER
alton, its purposes and its services
to turkey growers all over the
country.
Mr.. Pepper, other officials of the
state association, and Sussex Coun-
ty Agents William Henderson and
William Sloan are in charge of ar
rangements for the meeting.
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
Farm Implements

Allis-C Chalmers c tractor on rub
Der, with two twelve-inch bottom
plows, cultivators and one 7-foot
Oliver tractor disc, all in good
shape; David Bradley tractor
moving machine, good as new;
David Bradley riding cultivator,
New Idea one-row tomato setter,
New Idea manure spreader, David
Bradley corn planter, David Brad
ley dump rake, David Bradley
corn shelter, 2 farm wagons, dear
born, 2 walking cultivators, one
horse plow, insilage cutter, two
section 6O-tooth drag harrow, drill
lawn roller, extension ladder, saw
bench, and belt, set of Fairbanks
platform scales, old-time sleigh
and bells, 2 sets of leather harness,
single set of Dearborn harness, 2
sets of plow harness, collars,
brides. forks, and shovels.
Dairy Equipment
Two-can electric Wilson ice box,
set of Farm Master mixers, two
units, milk cans, and strainers.
Household Goods
Old-fashion living-room suite, 5
pieces; book case, 8 sections, solid
walnut; antique buffet, solid ma
hogany; antique 8-day clock, beds,
bureaus, Victrola, odd chairs, hall
tree, kitchen tables, dishes, pots
and pans, fireplace equipment,
child's desk, bassinet, high chair,
Home Comfort stove and lot of
things too numerous to mention.
Terms Cash.
WIN. RUSSELL WILSON,
Owner
Lunch will be served.
]. C. walker, Auctioneer
Robt. & Ruth Schreiner, Clerks
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19

The lumber industry has recent
ly perfected a new soil improver,
tentatively called Fersolin, which
is essentially sawdust, treated by
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19

simple chemical means. Prelimin-
airy tests of the soil improver on
vegetable plants indicate higher
rates of seed termination, earlier
ripening and increased weights.
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
Ii Dairy Cattle

Consisting of 9 milk COWS, 8
heifers, and 1 bull. These COWS
range from 4 to years old, 2
registered Ayrshire COWS; an Ayr
shire heifer entitled to register; an
Ayrshire bull entitled to register.
All T.B. Tested and an Accredited
Herd
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
Turkey Growers Annual Meeting
October 20 at Georgetown

The Delaware State Turkey
Growers Assn will hold its annual
meeting tomorrow, oct. 20, at
Georgetown, according to Gooden
Pepper, president of the associa-
tion. A tour of the Georgetown
substation turkey research, of the
Dixie Del Farm at Lewes, tur-
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
Mrs. Cavanaugh New Kent
County Home Agent

The appointment of Mrs. Flea
nor Robey Cavanaugh as Acting
Home Demonstration Agent in
Kent County, was announced this
week by Miss M. Gertrude Hollo-
way, State Home Demonstration
Leader.
Mrs. Cavanaugh is a native of
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
PUBLIC SALE

Having sold my farm, I will sell
at Public Sale, at my farm located
8 miles from Cheswold, on road
from Seven Hickories to Brenford,
on
Smyrna times., 1950-10-19
Wed, Nov. |, 1850

at Ii O'Clock AM, Rain or Shine
The following personal property,
to-Wit:
Evening star., 1950-09-06
1895
$l4 Doscn Delivers Yours

No robbg the entire household hot washday One fill
weeks
of the features this heavy It's big
machine
for long
safey seamined
clothes
- savey works.
Hahtc 5h Floor uMmuo:A Ah sAums
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
US. Commissioners Court

Grace Barger was given a sen tence of thirty days by the U. s. Commissioner for being drunk and disorderly.
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27

merce of Petersburg
 Both the department of the in terior and the department of ag- riculture have submitted unfavor- able reports on this bill," the In Stitute said.
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
Puerto Rico Wants To Become State

HONOLULU, P)-Puerto Rico would like to be a State, but is soft-pedaling the issue at present to avoid hindering the chances of Hawaii and Alaska, a Puerto Ri can emissary said this week.
 He is Jesus Pinero, former gov ernor of Puerto Rico, who is in Honolulu to attend the celebra- tions this week marking the 50th anniversary of the arrival of Puerto Ricans in Hawaii.
 Of course we want statehood" Pinero told reporters, 'but we are anxiously waiting to see what happens in Hawaii first.
 "We have strong hopes that Ha- waii will get statehood, because that likely will have a favorable influence on our own statehood hopes. Meanwhile we are prepar- ing for statehood obligations by making ourselves as self sufficient as possible"
 Some 275 members of the Homo lulu Puerto Rican community wei cofed Pinero with a dinner-dance.
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
ALASKA AIRLINES

Arriving Saturday from An chorage were Vernon Carlson and Gloria Carlson.
 Departing were Mrs. Paul Grey, and daughter Susan, Col. M. Mars ton, Tex Zeigler and Henry Shade.
 Arriving from Teller were Mrs Grey and daughter, Mrs. Lee and two children from Teller Mission Issaac Oksik from Teller.
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
AIRLINES
PAN AMERICAN AIRWAYS

Arriving with Pan American Sunday were Steve Anderson, Capt. Stan Morgan, It. C. Sparks, Sgt. Walter Garvin, Pfc. Martin Barnes, Pvt. James Doddemade, Capt. Nye Scoffield and Mrs Frances Petry.
 Departing were Harold Dim mick, MT. and Mrs. l.. Milhouse, Archie Ferguson, Beulah Levy, Bill Levy.
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
Forecast And
 Weather Report Nome and Vicinity
Compiled by the U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau.
Monday, February 27, 1850

Monday, February 27, 1850
 Forecast Nome: Cloudy today and Tuesday with occasional light |" snow. Fresh to occasional strong Easterly winds. Lowest tempera- ture tonight l2, highest tempera- ture Tuesday P. =, Nome data last A hours as of 700 Fam. today: 0 Precipitation .12 inch. CTotal il this month 46 inch). t Temperatures: highest Is, low if est 2.
 Maximum wind 35 miles an hour from the east.
 Sunrise at 7:l7 a.m., sunset at O 5:13 pm. n Comparative data:
 Temperatures one year ago to- day: highest IA, lowest 5. II Extreme temperatures on this o date since 1907: Highest 35 in r 1928, lowest -29 in 1946. Data for. other selected stations of r.OO m toIaU
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27

SEATTLE, (P)-Soldiers of the 156th transportation port com pany will head for Whittier, Alas ka, at the completion of their cur rent 1-week longshore training course.
 The 223 men are studying the operation of equipment and safe ty measures at Fort Lawton under the direction of the Seattle Port of Embarkation. The unit was under the wartime command of Capt. Fred J. Plain of Walla Walla, Wash.
 Inventory blanks at Nome Nugget
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
KEEP AWAY FROM SKUNKS!

MUNCIE, Ind. (P)-It didn't ap- pear necessary, but health officer w. J. Molloy warned Delaware county residents Saturday to stay away from SkunkS.
 Dr. Molloy said the danger of rabies had been added to the usual reason for avoiding the ami malS. The state board of health reported a skunk caught on John Cromer'S farm was rabid.
 It's not just the odor," pr. Mol Toy said in issuing his warning
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27

Inventory blanks at Nome Nugget
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
Proposed Home- stead Law Would Ruin Alaska"

((Ao Special Washington SerVIce)
 WASHINGTON, (P)-The wild life management institute has called for defeat of the AlasAa homestead bill introduced by Rep. Lemke R.-N. D..
 IL would throw Alaska open to the most vicious sort of exploita- ton and would result in maNing veterans mere tools of spectators, the organization of sportsmen and conservation enthusiasts said in a statement.
 Harmless on the surface, it ac- utally threatens the entire future of the Territory which it purports to develop"
 The bill would permit any war veteran to patent homestead claim of from 320 to 2,500 acres for agricultural and timberland use on about 243,000 square miles including most of the national forest lands of Southern AlasHa, the Institute said.
 The statement said a wet eli mate and rough topography make the area unsuitable for agricul- ture. It added that timber home Steads are proposed although se- lective numbering is impossible in Alaska"
 Large blocks of land would be denuded and huge tracts of tim Der would fall into the hands of speculatorS," the Institute said.
 "There is no market in Alaska for the volume of timber and pulpwood which this bill would produce. Orderly development of Alaska's forest industries, now under way, would be disrupted.
 Since small valleys produce the best timber stands, these would be the first cleared by homesteaderS.
 Small streams are the spawn ing grounds of salmon, and the passage of the bill would soon de- stroy Alaska's most important in dustry by removing protective forests from the watersheds, rais- ing water temperatures, and per hitting the flow of silt over the spawning beds.
 ''Tn short, it would destroy the livelihood of thousands of veter- ans already in Alaska in favor of a few hundred others who might move there in order to take ad- vantage of the provisions of this bill"
 The bill awaits action by the House rules committee. The InSti- ute said it has been opposed by the Alaskan Legislature, all ma ior American Legion posts in Southeastern Alaska, and the Vet erans of Foreign Wars of Ketchi- kan and Juneau, and by the sen for and junior chambers of com
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
NOTICE

Women's Society Ladies Aid
 of the Methodist-Fe d CT d Church will meet with Mrs. Leise, Fridey evening at 800 pm. All ladies of the community welcome.
The Nome nugget., 1950-02-27
Fisheries Will Con. centrate On Pink Salmon Research

((HOSpecial Washington Service)
 WASHINGTON, (P)-The inte- 'ior department has focused its Alaskan fishery research program for next summer upon the $44,-
 N,000-a-year pink salmon indus ny.
 Interior Secretary Chapman said last week that research funds, which have been divided three ways-on the Alaska herring, the rcd salmon of Bristol Bay and the Karluk River area, and the pink salmon of Southeastern Alaska will be concentrated this year on he latter.
 Ie said this is being done on the recommendation of Albert M. Day, director of the Fish and Wildlife service.
 "The pink salmon fishery re- gently has received only $39,0OO a year for research, permitting the employment of only one full-time biologist and staff of temporary assistants" Day said.
 By concentrating it's efforts, the service now plans to invest three times as much money and place 10 professional biologists in the pink salmon research program" ."
 A spokesman for the service eX- plained that the broad research program of the past has resulted in "shoestring investigations that have not been too successful"
 Day said that after pink sal mon research has been sufficient ly advanced i've will take up an- other species, using the same con- centration technique"
 Meanwhile, he said, the routine observations of red salmon es- opponents in Bristol Bay and on the Karluk River of Kodiak Is- land will be continued, as will routine sampling of the herring catch.
 "The routine samplings will provide all the necessary infor- nation for the planning of fishing regulations, and will provide the continuing cords necessary when these fisheries become the