davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-07-22
Vespers

New ledueS, neD euening, and the sound
OF bells through lenUeS, ca
The slender WilloDS 10GDer, GspenSr,.
quiUer -,
With DibrationS OF the bells in eDepino
sun. the charged air t0eGues ~,
As rippled rings upon n,irrored riuer.
Light shifts to gold, the deeper solemn
notes intone -
Through cold Grpeggios OF siluer zs-
chimi1lg, ~
Light changing noiD from gold to blue,
the sleepy pigeons moan s,
And seek plum shado,os OF cornice NTH
suns timing.
The ringing ceases and light fades. lasi
echoes shake the air
As NTH mind il, ioillotps sighing;z
The Dhite, tDlite sickle of ne,D moon as
fine as siluer hair
Describes the arc OF Stpallotos flying.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1950-07-22
Ku KIux Kiun
e. Gaylord.

often wonder why the Ku Klux Klan
uses fiery crosses in their childish rit-
uals. After all, the cross is the symbol of
Christis aity. and Christians are supposed
to be tolerant. The cowardly bunch of
weasels who go out only after covering
their faces with sheets is anything but
tolerant. Because the members of this
lily-livered organization are mostly on
the bottom Of the social scale, they scorn
the only ones they can look down on,
the oppressed Southern Negroes who
have never been given chance to better
themselves.
can think Of no men so despicably
cowardly that they would ride in large
numbers, heavily masked and usually
armed, to maltreat the fine race whose
help we so urgently need in these trying
days.
r. w. NagIe.
Evening star., 1950-07-22

Defense expenditures for the five years since
VI Day have far exceeded the peak World
War II budget of $S4 500 900 900 for 1945 The
postwar budgets we're: 1946 $45 134 900 900; 1S47,
$14,316O0O,oOO; 1s4s. $1o,961 OOO, 900; 1s49 SILL
914,0 900, and 1850 (exclusive of Korean sup
Elementary budget), 1885, ,0000 900. That totals
sos, $50 000 This sum includes stockpiling
and certain other costs not regularly encom-
passed in the military budget The Defense De-
partment lists the expenses, exclusive of stock
piling and the other extras, at little less than
$91 billion from July. 1945 to June 80 of this year.
Nearly $42 billion of this was spent during the
lets-brng the -boys-home- quick demobilization
period from the latter part of 1945 to June, 1946
Vast sums during this period also were paid for
material already used in the war, much of which
was destroyed or consumed and hence did not
add to our postwar strength. Included also were
contract settlements. From July /, 1946 to June
80, 1947. we continued rehabilitation and spent
about $14 billion. Since then we have spent ap-
proxmately $35 billion for defense.
Defense officials say the best measure of
military spending, as it relates to what we have
to show for our money today, is the authorized
outlays for the four-year period from July l. 1946
to June 80, 1885, During this time Congress
authorized $493 billion for the military, of which
$484 billion has been spent to date and nearly
billion more will have been spent by the end
payrolls, food clothing and travel $13 billion for
operating and maintaining military installations
and tactical equipment around the globe and $8.5
billion for procurement of planes, tanks, rifles
artillery, ships and other combat tools.
During this cold war era, 1t should be re-
membered, occurred the costly airlift operations
and the support of our occupation troops in
Europe and Japan-expenses not ordinarily
budgeted in time of so-called peace. In summa-
ton, our defense dollar has had huge chunk
eaten out of it by ordinary and extraordinary
expenses that produced no tangible equipment
for foot soldiers, flyers, sailors and Marines
In fact, 10 cents of the dollar went for house
keeping and operational COSTS If there is any
possible way to reduce the drain on the defense
dollar, the Defense Department has been unable
to find it. For our fighting men must not only be
supplied with arms but must be paid fed, clothed,
housed and transported 1t is for such essential
things that our money-neary $100 billion of
it-has gone during the past half decade of an
uneasy peace
Evening star., 1950-07-22

'It has nothing in common with Marx
ist socialism and is in complete contra
diction to the permanent element of
difference in individual requirements ..
Socialism has never denied differences
in taste or in quantity and quality of
requirements. Even more so does this
apply In communism, where the posi-
bility Of satisfying requirements will be
incomparably greater than under So
cialism.
In word. whatever ito each according
to his needs" may mean, 1t does not mean
fair shares.
london Observer Foreign News service)
Evening star., 1950-07-22
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

@. How are the brilliant colors of but
terflies and moths produced?-C. F., D.
A. The brilliant colors are due to their
covering of scales. If the wings are
rubbed gently. the colored scales come
off in the form of dust. The scales are
arranged to overlap. SO
Evening star., 1950-07-22
Letters to The Star

which required the calling Of a doctor
at 2 am.
None Of the thoroughly baked bread
made by the writer's mother gave him
acute indigestion.
4. Gaylord.
Evening star., 1950-07-22
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer 70
any question of fact by either writing The
Evening Star Information Bureau, 1900 street
NV, Washington 5, D. c., and inclosing cents
return postage, or by telephonnE ST. 5000,
Extension 35S. an
Evening star., 1950-07-22

India has given through its Endorsement Of the
Security Council resolutions on Korea. But
1t is unthinkable that we should resolve the
problems which the Korean aggression raises
by buying off the Russians.
Evening star., 1950-07-22
Where Did the Money Go?

Letters to The Star are asking what a great
many war-worried citizens and taxpayers are
asking these days: Where did all the billions
appropriated for defense since World War II
(95.6 billion) go? Why, with such enormous
expenditures to make us mlitarily strong, did
the Red attack in Korea find us so tragcany
weak? Why have we so few modern tanks, so
few modern anti-tank weapons, so few planes,
so few ships, so few of everything needed for
national safety? Just how were our defense
dollars spent?
In an effort to find the answers to these
pertinent questions, The Star asked defense off,
cals for breakdown of military expenditures
since VI Day The figures supplied reveal how
amazingly little of the defense dollar goes for
the purchase of actual fighting equipment. Few
persons realize that of every dollar they have
contributed to the Army Navy and Air Force
only 18 cents have gone for guns and ammunition
and tanks for the ground troops, aircraft for
the flyers, ships for the Navy. The biggest
slice of the dollar-40 centS-went for pay, food,
clothing and transportation. The tabulation be-
low gives rough breakdown of the defense
dollar, based on expenditures since the close
OF the late war:
Item Cents
Salaries, food, clothing, transportation 40
Operations and maintenance of equipment 26
Weapons planes, ships etc.---------------- 18
Research and development
Administration and secret work----------- Az
Reserves and National Guard ------------- 4
Industrial mobilization Observation-Disclosures /
hetlred pay ---tnearlV
Construction, public works ---------------- "
Evening star., 1950-07-22
Breed Beef

The writer wishes to call attention to
the fact that some of the bread deliv-
ered by the bakeries to retail stores in
Washington is improperly baked. He
knows of two cases of acute indigestion
caused by eating such bread, one of
Evening star., 1950-07-22

Q. Why is the pronoun IT" always
capitalized?-K Mem. nc
A. The pronoun of the first person
singular is capitalized because, in the
Middle Ages, it was the custom to use a
long "I' whenever the letter was used
alone. G"
Evening star., 1950-07-22

@. Is the practice of euthanasia legal
in any country? H. E. rvs
A. Euthanasia is not recognized n'any
country today. om
Evening star., 1950-07-22

A pseudonyfn is permissible only
: 1Dhen letter carries correct name
and address of 1Oriter. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1950-07-22
Not Boys, Not Men

George Frederick Miller.
Evening star., 1950-04-30

told by high Communist officials
that Mr.. baltimore was a Com
munnist. He named Mr.. Browder
and Mr.. Field as his sources and
for that reason they were sub
poenaed for questioning that led
to possible contempt action
against them.
While they refused to answer
many questions, both Mr.. Browder
and Mr.. Field denied ever saying
or indicating that Mr.. baltimore
was Communist.
Meanwhile, the committee staff
said it had not received from Mr..
.,Budenz the name of IAN important
conspiratorial Communist" he said
he would give the Senate investi-
gators.
In a speech at Croton-on- the
Hudson Friday night, MI. Budenz
said the man, whom he did not
name. was connected with the 1945
case that involved the alleged theft
of Government documents for
publication in the magazine
Amerasia. He added that the man
is an alien in this country and
not connected with the Govern
ment.
In the same speech, Mr.. Budenz
declared:
THE baltimore and Amerasia
cases are interlinked and cannot
be separated. If fully investigated
they will provide one of the great
est scandals American political
history has ever witnessed"
Evening star., 1950-04-30
H. A. MulIiean Quits
As Director OF RfC
ax n, Asanr;n..a e.rn

The White House yesterday an
nounced the resignation Of Henry
A. Mulligan as a director n the
Reconstruction Finance Corp,
Mr.. Mulligan's resignation, for
health reasons. was dated April
81 and Is effective today. He is
a native of Newburg. W. Va. and
has served the Government IN
various capacities about 40 years,
He Joined the RFc in 1882 and
was treasurer OF that agency for
Is years. He became director
in july le4l,
Mr.. Mulligan said his health
has been becoming continuously
less satisfactory" for some time.
The President, in accepting the
resignation said he had hoped Mr..
Mulligan might remain for an
other term. but understood the
compelling reason for his retire
meut.
He praised Mr.. MulliGans work
and expressed the hope he would
enjoy the benefits OF retirement
which you richly deserve
Evening star., 1950-04-30
SpelIman Warns u. 5
Could Be PIundered
By Communists
BY the Asseciated Press

LAWRENCE, Kan, April 29.-
Francis Cardinal Spellman warned
tonight that America is not i'm
mortal" and could be plundered
by communism.
In a speech at an Il Am An
American Day" rally, the Catholic
leader said I'VE Americans must
not delude ourselves that we can
go on forever despite or enemies,
and. above all, despite ourselves. "
In this atomic age of discord,' p
he continued, with nations not
only warning against one another
but divided within themselves,
where man make mockery of the
meaning and majesty of faith,
America stands before all nations
and peoples. enviouS of none and
fearing none, desireus of nothing
from other nations save their re-
spect and cooperation in the re-
habilitation and salvation of man
kind.
People Must Protect America. .
I'VE shall ourselves be guilty of
contributing to our countrys de-
struction If we do not protect her
against the lust-born hates of
Communist treacheries sweeping
like scythes across the world, mar
ring and despoiling oven the face
Of free America"
Cardinal Spellman addressed
700 persons after a dinner in the
home city of the University Of
Kansas. He was introduced by
former Kansas Gov. Harry H.
Woodring.
IF we are to endure as a ma
tion Of free. strong-hearted men" ,"
the Cardinal said, I'VE must. in
unity, stand sentinel against the
potent. growing dangers of faith
less, traitorous Communists and
Communist sympathizers who are
using their freedom to destroy
our freedoms.
Enemies Are Within.
"They are the host of traitorouS
men and women who. living be-
meath the protection of our
American flag, enjoy the priceless
privilege of being citizens of our
republic, while their own allegi-
ance is actually pledged to an en-
blem representing theory of
government opposed to everything
for which Old Glory stands"
And on this Am an American
Day, and every day of our years,
it is the privilege and the duty
of statesmen entrusted with the
richest heritage of any people in
the world, as we'll as the duty of
every man who tills the farm, who
tolls in the factory, who tends
the shop. who teaches in the
school, who breaches in the pulpit,
who graces the home, to pledge
his plighted word devotedly to
live and work. faithfully to fight
and if need be die. to protect
America from violation, this
America. the worlds treasure
house Of freedom"
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Phones
Continued From First Page)

Continued From First Page.)
here before CWA -vand c. & P
talks broke off last week.
Some Gains Obtained.
E. J. McNeely. president Of the
Omaha company, said that while
general wage increase was held
to be unjustified,. the company
found there was some justifica-
ton to shorten the period for GER
tain employees to reach top rates
for their jobs and to move cer-
tain towns to higher wage sched-
ules."
j. w. Boustead, president of
CWA Division As, said the union
had gained in the rS'lassification
! of jobs, shortening of schedules
and increases in some top rates
I'VE did not get all we were
after, but it was the best con-
tract we could obtain" Mr.. Bou-
stead said. I'VE took it to avert
a strike"
Division As, like all other CWA
units, was set to join a national
walkout Wednesday before CWA
president Joseph A. Beirne called
it off.
The Division IS settlement must
be approved by the CWA Executive
Board, but indications were that
this will be done and that the
division membership then will
ratify it.
Possible ReOpening Wedge.
The settlement was seen as 9
possible wedge for re-openins
talks in Washington and other ne
gotiations involving Bell System
companies throughout the coun.
try.
Mr.. Watts said that Division SO
in its final meeting with the COM
pany last Tuesday, had dropped
general wage increase demands.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Environment Medical Unit
Sci Up al Johns Hopkins
sy the Assce;o,sa Press

BALTIMORE, April 2a. A
single unit to study environmental
medicine has been formed by the
Johns Hopkins Hospital, medical
school, and the school of hygiene
and public health.
Dr.. Joseph L, Lilienthsl, jr.. has
been appointed professor of en-
vironmental medicine to head the
new department. created in the
school OF hygiene and public
health.
The department aims include
a co-ordinated attack on disease
in the individual tas exemplified
in the work of the medical school
and hospitaD and disease as IL
affects the community public
health.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Perjury Letter Cited.

The Secretary said the State
Department has explored all
avenues to arrive at the facts.
He added that "the measure of
Evening star., 1950-04-30
AIexandrian Named Head
Of Virginia Tech Cadets
Speciol Dispoteh 10 The Stor

BLACKsBURG. April 2s.-
Robert Malcolm, Alexandria, has
been elected president of Virginia
Techs 1,500-man corps of cadets.
Burton H. Kaplan, Strasburg. will
be first vice president. and Irwin
L. Hylton, Bassett, second vice
president.
Andraea Hodgson, Virginia
Beach, and A. B. Rust, Haymarket.
are running for president of the
civilian student body. The elec-
tion will be held Tuesday.
Among those elected along with
the other corps officers were, w.
Phillips Brown, WOODBRIDGE.
secretary: H. Burwell Bennett.
Woodbridge. treasurer; H. Edward
Knight, Alexandria, defense at
torney.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Tydinqs' Letter and Replies

and thereafter his reports to the
President and me influenced our
policies in China and the Far East
I do not think Gen. Marshall was
Influenced by Mr.. baltimore.
To my former colleagues, take
the liberty OF adding. that regard
less OF the merits OF complaints as
to what has heretofore occurred,
the President and the Secretary
Of State have given proof of their
desire TO restore the bipartisan
policy in our foreign affairs. and ]
earnestly hope the members of the
Senate will cooperate in that
effort.
While was Secretary of State.
I found I could talk TO Senator
Vandenberg with the same free
dom with which I talked to Sena-
tor connally and to my assistants
and / profited by his advice. l am
sure that in his absence other
Republican Senators will CO.
operate just as did Senator VAN
denberg. 1t is extremely important
at this time. in view of the tense
ness of the situation in world af-
fairs. that we do not give to either
our friends or enemies abroad
the false impression of a serious
division among us in our policies
As to the Soviet government
Seldom in history have our people
been so united on any issue.
hope that, regardless of our
differences on domestic issues. our
political leaders can present A
united front in our foreign rels-
tions.
| JAMES F. BYRNES.
My dear Senator Tydines:
/ In a letter dated April II, 1850
you asked that I inform you of
the extent to which. in my opin-
ion. Mr.. Owen baltimore was the
principal architect of our Far
Eastern policy" or the extent to
which he influenced our Far East
ern policy during the period in
which have been Secretary OF
State. On April II Mr.. Peurifoy
Deputy Undersecretary of State,
wrote you in full detail concern
ing Mr.. Lattimore's connection
with this department in the past
The Far Eastern policy is the re-
sponSibility of the Secretary OF
State and has been made by me
in my administration subject, of
course, to the direction Of the
President, l welcome this oppor-
tunity to state personally and cat
egorically that during the period
in which ! have been Secretary.
Mr.. baltimore. so far as I am
concerned or am aware. has had
no influence in the determination
OF our Far Eastern policy. There
is clearly no basis in fact for de-
scribing Mr., baltimore as the
principal architect. of our Far
Eastern pollcy. l might add that
so far as am aware, l have never
met Mr.. baltimore.
The Far Eastern policy of the
United States has at all times
been determined after careful
study by the responsible officers of
the department and an objective
evaluation by me of all of the facts
available to this Government. The
Department of State has explored
all avenues to arrive at the rele-
want facts. The measure of the
participation of Mr.. baltimore,
so far as this department and
are concerned. is fully and fairly
indicated in the letter of April II
from Mr.. Peurifoy.
DEAN ACHESON.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Communists
Continued From First Page)

Continued From First Page.)
as charged by Senator Mccarthy,
was "the principal architect" of
this countrys Far Eastern policies
or whether he influenced these
policies during the years they
were in office.
In his reply Gen. Marshall de-
Scribed the Mccarthy statement
as completely without basis in
fact"
$50 far as I and my associates
can recall" he wrote, Il never
even met Mr.. baltimore"
Then he added:
Il take the liberty of comment
ing on the harmful effect on our
foreign relations of such state
ments, charges or insinuations
broadcast with so little regard
for the truth.
They undoubtedly confuse our
friends abroad, undermine and
weaken our position before the
world and actually lend assistance
to the powers that would de-
stroy U.S."
Gen. Marshalls letter was dated
April %. That was two days after
Senator Mccarthy told a meeting
of editors here that he was a
great general but that he was
completely untitled" for the
office of Secretary of State and
that his appointment was "a
pathetic thing
Plan for Bipartisan Policy.
Senator Tydings said he Soli-
cited the views of Gen. Marshall
and the others since they held Of
flee from 1888 to the present,
while Mr.. baltimore was attain
ing recognition as one of this
country's most widely known
specialists on Far Eastern affairs.
The late Edward R. Stettinius,
jr., was Secretary between Mr..
Hull's resignation and Mr. Byrnes'
tenure.
Mr.. Byrnes wrote that he did
not know Mr.. baltimore.
Mr.. Byrnes pointed out that
Gen. Marshall went to China in
1945 and said that thereafter his
reports to the President and me
influenced our policies in China
and the Far East
A former Senator himself, Mr..
Byrnes included in his letter a plea
for members of the Senate to CO.
operate with President Truman
and Secretary Acheson who have,
he said, "given proof of their de-
sire to restore the bipartisan
policy in our foreign affairs"
Recalls No Consultation.
Mr.. Hull wrote that in his
opinion Mr.. baltimore was "in no
sense" the architect of American
policy in the Far East during the
period he was Secretary of State.
Although his position in aca-
demic circles as a student of and
writer on some aspects of Chinese
life and history was of course
known to u.s." Mr.. Hull added. Il
am not aware that during this
period he had any appreciable in
f1uence on our Far Eastern policy
Il do not remember having con-
suited with him on that subject
or any other subject at any time. -
Mr.. Acheson, in his letter, said
there is clearly no basis" for de-
scribing Mr.. baltimore as the
architect of the country's Far
Eastern policy.
Il welcome this opportunity"
he wrote, ito state personally and
categorically that during the
period in which I have been
Secretary, Mr.. baltimore, so far
as I am concerned or am aware,
has had no influence in the de-
termination of our Far Eastern
policy"
Perjury Letter Cited.
The Secretary said the State
Department has explored all
avenues" to arrive at the facts.
He added that "the measure of
Evening star., 1950-04-30

participation of Mr.. baltimore, -
as far as the department and he
are concerned, was set forth in
an April II letter by Deputy
Undersecretary of State John
Peurifoy to Senator Tydings.
In that letter Mr.. Peurifoy re-
iterated State Department denials
that Mr. baltimore has had, as
Senator Mccarthy charged, a
desk in the department and ac-
cess to its files. Aside from be-
ing a member of the 1945 Pauley
Reparations Mission to Japan,
Mr. Peurifoy said Mr.. baltimore S
connections with the department
consisted of participation in a
Meet the Public" discussion for
department employees in June,
1916, and round-table discussion
on Far Eastern affairs October
y and 8, l949. Gen. Marshall,
Harold Stassen and others took
part in the round table discussion,
and Mr.. Peurifoy included the
full list of participants in his let
ter.
The preparation of contempt
citations against Mr.. Browder
and Mr.. Field was directed by
Senator Tydings as the five-man
investigating committee faced a
busy week exploring the Latti-
more case and other phases of the
Mccarthy charges.
Senator Tydings said he had in
structed Edward P. Morgan. COM
mittee counsel, to prepare the ci-
tations and recommendations for
committee consideration lin the
near future. . ~-,-*-.- r.
Unanimous Approval Seen.
1t seemed likely that contempt
action, if taken, would meet with
the unanimous approval of the
committee. In addition to Sena-
tor Tydings the members of the
committee are Senators Green, of
Rhode Island, and Mcmahon, of
Connecticut, Democrats, and
Hickenlooper, of Iowa, and Lodge,
of Massachusetts, Republicans.
Contempt action would have to
be approved in turn by the full
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee and the Senate. Then the
matter would go to District At
torney George Morris Fay for &C
ton.
Conviction for contempt carries
penalty up to $1,000 fine or a
year in prison or both on each
count of such contempt. Both
Mr.. Browder and Mr.. Field re-
fused to answer many questions
and it would be a decision for
the district attorney, if con-
tempt action were pressed, on
whether each refusal would be
handled as separate count.
The committee has scheduled
a public session at 2:30 pm. to-
morrow to hear Miss Fred A.
Utley, writer and lecturer. She
has been described by Senator
Mccarthy as believing Mr.. Lat
timore was a Communist or Com
munist sympathizer.
baltimore to Return Tuesday.
Mr.. baltimore is listed for a
return appearance before the
committee at 1920 am. Tuesday
to answer testimony given by
Louis F. Budenz, a former Com
munist and Mccarthy witness
Mr.. Budenz, who renounced
communism in 1945, said he was