davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1950-09-14

1852, the Postmaster General of
the USA, Montgomery Blair, pro-
posed an International conference
to consider methods of improving
International postal exchanges.
Fifteen nations attended the con-
ference in Paris the next year and
approved a draft code, but war
in the USA and Europe prevented
further meetings. 1t was not IN
til 1874 that a congress met here,
at the suggestion of DR.. Heinrich
Won Stefan, who had created the
North German Postal Union of 20
States.
By 1874, cheap postage had inn
mensely increased the volume of
correspondence. Five hundred
million letters we're being handled
each year in Britain alone and
the new tangled postcard was
threatening to make that figure
look minute.
On rs January 1859, DR.. Eman-
uel Hermann of the Vienna Poly
technic published an article on
IA New Method of Postal Com
munication." The Austrian Gov
ernment was impressed and six
months later the first postcard
went on sale. The scheme was by
no means universally welcomed.
The price was considered too
high. The ladies of Vienna organ
lied a petition against so indis-
Greet a form of communication.
Others disliked the dirty grey.
brown of the card. Yet 5000, 900
were sold within three months,
and one by one other countries
adopted the new means of COM
munication."
The tireless pioneer of postal
services, DR.. Won Stefan, also
claimed the fatherhood of the
postcard. But there seems to be
little doubt that it was Emanuel
Herman who inspired the Aus
trian Post Office. The authorities,
though forced to issue postcards,
were, however, strangely reluc-
TINT to give it full freedom, and
it was another ten years before
its private manufacture was al
lowed and the picture postcard
, 1950-09-14
U.N. PRESS RELEASE
UN. PRESS RELEASE
Common Picture Postcard
lsSign Of orld Cooperation
BY a Special United Nations C-orrespondent

BERNIE, Switzerland--Seven
ty-six years ago post office off
Gals from every European
country, from the USA and
from Egypt, met here and
solemnly declared that hence
forth they would consider the
world as a single territory, in
solar as all forms of postal ser
vice were concerned. With
that pioneer declaration of the.
zone world" spirit was born
the General Postal Union,
soon to become the Universal
Postal Union (UPU)-now the
largest and oldest Of the Spe-
cialized Agencies Of the Unit
ed Nations.
The General Postal Union
was the first successful form
of International cooperation
on a world scale, historians
say. Other countries soon
joined the original members
who undertook to place the
best transport services they
possessed at the disposal of
mail from other countries.
The problem of international
mails had caused increasing diff
culties since the signing of the
first postal treaty between France
and Britain in 1870. It provided
for a twice weekly courier be-
tween london and Paris, each.
country assuming the charges for
transport within it's own territory.
The expanding world of the.
Eighteenth and early Nineteenth
Centuries led to a multiplication
Of such treaties. These were COM
plicated further by problems of
transit thorugh territory Of third
parties.
After the introduction of the
penny post in Britain in 1910, the
cost of internal postal services
dropped rapidly in most countries.
But International communication
still remained very expensive. In
Evening star., 1950-04-30
National Tulip
SHOW Planned
NAV 13 and ID

Plans are being rushed for thu
first annual National Tulip Show
sponsored by the Takoma Horti.
cultural Club and the Silver
Spring Garden Club, to be held al
the Takoma Elementary School
May 13 and IA. Schedules are be-
ing mailed out to all the garden
clubs of the Washington area urg-
ing participation in this show.
A. Kyle Goodman is general
chairman of the show, which has
the overall sponsorship of the
National Tulip Society as well as
the local groups. Mrs. Charles T.
Williams is in charge of the ar
tistic arrangements classes. Both
specimen and arrangements
classes will be stressed.
The Takoma Elementary School
is located at Piney Branch road
and Dahlia street NV.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Woodbridge Club Sole

The Woodbridge Garden Club
win hold its traditional plant-sale
meeting tomorrow at Sherwood
Church Hall. Twenty second street
and Rhode Island avenue NE.
L. M. Clarke will be auctioneer,
The public is invited. August blue
asters, forget-me-nots, NUNS
dahlias. glads and other types OF
plant materials will be on sale
Carey 3. Quinn will address
the Avondale Garden Club Tues
day at 8 pm. at. the home of Mr.
and Mrs. George Bohorfoush. 201l
Hayden road. His topic will be
Keeping the Garden Plot Con-
stantly in Bloom" The second
annual flower mart will be held
May IL at the lawn of the Citizens
Bank, Eastern avenue and Queens
Chapel road.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
PIont Sole Benefit

Bethesda Community Garden
Club will hold its benefit plant
sale Thursday. 8 to 4, at 7l55 Wis
consin avenue. Mrs. Percy Royster
is chairman. Selling will be asters.
heliotrope. petunias, snapdragons
and zinnias: also eggplant and
tomato plants. Proceeds will go
toward landscaping Suburban
Hospital and for potted plants to
go to the Naval Hospital and
Children's Hospital during the
year.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Nuns
Continued From Page Billy

NUNS in this area and an all
purpose rose dust will take care
OF them. If the chrysanthemum
nematode should be present, use
a dust containing DDT for con-
troll.
There are great many varie-
ties and types of crysanthemums
to choose from. The following
varieties are successfully grown
in this area. They are arranged
by season Of bloom and include
some Of the better, new varieties.
Before September 25..
Prelude, flesh pink; simba, orange
bronze; .rpz wDs Defiance, yell9w sunapee golden;
apricot toned salmon; Tapestry. peach and
yellow; white Knight; Avalanche, white;
Yellow Avalanche, soft yellow; Glowing
Goals, cherry red.
~ White Wonder; Ermine, white: Charles
Nye,. yellow; Lola, gold: Hearthfire, red;
InsRIiTston In1 anrcet.fed Myrtle Walgresn
Dawn Rose, grenadine pink.
October 1-I5.
Burgundy. wine red: Winterset, white;
Lavender Lady; Red Velvet; Huntsman,
scarlet-orange; Symphony. mauve; Doty.
white Is best; Red Ridinghood, best red; ;
Mrs. Dupont. peach pink, salmon and
fawn; Mellow Glow, orange-buff: Carnival.
orange-red-golden; Betty, apple blossom
pink; Cydonia, mahogany.
October 2O-25.
Mrs. II. E. Kidder, best yellow; Major
Bowles, lavender pink; Hilda Bergen, rank
grower, reddish bronze; Silver Sheen,
white: Detroit News, early bronze.
November ].
Garnet King, tender. dark red.
y X X
Anemone Varieties.
China Rose, old gold and rose: jean
ette, bronZe-buff; Elizabeth, light pink
Moonlight, yellow; Titan, deep red.
Button Varieties.
Pepita. white; Rosita. pink; Irene
white; Curay, copper-bronze: yellow
Gold; Chiauita. lemon yellow; Jewell, pink;
Karl Richie. reddish bronze; Bob White
Azaleamum Varieties.
Pink Cushion; Lavender Lassie: Sep
tember Bronze.
Spoon Varieties.
Jasper Spoon. red; Orchid Spoon,
pinkish lilac; White Spoon.
Artieuln Hybrids.
Astrid, blend; Dubonnet, purple -laven-
Koreans
Daphne, pink; Apollo, bronzy-red; Ceres,
blend; Niobe, white.
| English NUNS.
| Alabaster. white; Indiana, red: Leda
old rose; Gold Mine, sun yellow; Rose
Evening star., 1950-04-30
YOunqnnon
Continued From Page B-1o)

Contlnueo From Page B-10O
order to maintain the right food
balance.
Tomatoes do not thrive in a
soggy wet soil and if there is any
question as to the adequacy of
sub-soil drainage 1t may be desir-
able to omit compost In the plant
ing hole.
Staked tomatoes usually pro-
duce better quality fruit than un-
staked although the quantity per
plant is also smaller. However,
staked plants are generally plant
ed much closer than the unstaked,
hence the production for a given
area is about the same. Where the
plants are not staked it will pay
to use liberal mulch under the
vines to prevent the fruit from
resting on the ground.
It is too late for the setting out
OF trees and shrubs except where
they are moved with relatively
large balls of earth and can be
given extra care during the sum
mer season.
Summer crops for soil improve
ment might well be chosen from
one OF these: Korean lespedesa,
soybeans. buckwheat, cowpeas,
field peas and velvet bean. The
seed of the legumes should be
inoculated before planting.
1t is time for another planting
OF gladiolus corms in order to pro-
vide a long season of cutfoWers.
Glads need ample supplies of
moisture and for this reason some
growers use mulch-paper, COM
post, straw, etc. Liberal supplies
of phosphate seem to benefit the
glad. Mix the phosphate into the
trench before planting and a side
dressing during the growing sea-
son seems to help to get those
extra long spikes.
1t is time to start the dusting
program to keep the roses free
from insects and diseases. An all
purpose dust. one containing an
insecticide to control the black
spot and mildew should be pres
ent if the material is to serve the
needs.
The choice between a dust and
a spray will depend upon the
gardener. 1t takes longer to pre-
pare a spray and the equipment
must be cleaned after using. IA
spray lasts longer and is less irt
ritating to the gardener. Dusts
are easily applied. the equipment
is less expensive and there is less
trouble in getting good coverage.
II applied carefully either one will
provide the desired plant pro-
lection.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Life in the Country
Green Color on Field May Not Be Grass;
Cows Breath Is Best Evidence

Why do all the clover seeds and
grass seeds I plant on The 4C
Acres turn into wild onion or mus
tard, or some other plants I'd
rather not have? / might learn
to like the wild onions, say in a
salad, but I draw the line on onion
milk.
At least l wasn't fooled into
thinking I had grass this spring.
I remember last year, when the
soft, green sheen spread over my
back field, and was beginning to
pat myself on the back for getting
such a good stand of grass, ]
learned with some disappointment
that that beautiful green came
from onions.
That same green color is here
again. but know better this time
1 don't have to look. My cows
breath is enough evidence.
When it comes to fire. fighting
Garlic Fletcher. the Rev. w. E.
Fowler and Mutt Partlow rank
with the best. The boys got their
test few days ago when all of
Ashburn community was off seeing
a ball game, and they came
through with flying colors.
Mutt is the official bell-ringer
although no fire departments any
longer have bells to ring. What
Mutt actually does is to sit in his
store, press button and the siren
atop the firehouse begins to howl.
That's what he did when the rail-
road right way caught fire just
below town.
Garlic was the only man on the
Evening star., 1950-04-30
BY james BirchfieId-

truck when it left the firehouse
He saw Mr.. Fowler enjoying the
sun in his front yard, pulled him
aboard and away they went tc
the fire.
1t took a little backfiring and
some water to do the job. When
they finished, Garlic said, the fire
was just a few feet from a barn
The experienced fire-fighters
around are right proud of Mr.
Fowler. This was his first expert
ence on the end of a fire hose, and
he made a good beginning. It
shows, they said. that he can fight
fire up here as well as down below
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Club Events
Continued From Page B-ll0

geraniums. and gladiola bulbs
will be sold. as well rs home
baked cakes. cookies and pies
Flower containers and pottery viii
be available at gift table. Lunch
con will be served in the commun-
ity house from noon until 2 pm.
The Club will participate in the
Cathedral Mart on Friday (Sat-
urday May in case Of rain) .
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Ferns to Be Topic

Mrs. Marshall E. Brushart, of
Kenwood, will talk on Ferns" at
the meeting of the Garden Club
of Chevy Chase, Md, at the home
of Mrs. Charles w. Lowry, Chevy
Chase Circle. Mrs. Stanley Carr
will be co-hoStess.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Ladies' Oriental Shrine

Su-Zu Court, Ladies' Orienta
Shrine, will have the following &C.
tivitieS:
Today - Rehearsal for cere.
monial, 3 pm. Stansbury Temple
Tuesday-25th anniversary, &
pm. Stansbury Temple.
Thursday-Patrol drill, 8 pm.
Roosevelt High School.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Men to Elect Officers

Mems Garden Club Of Mont-
gomery County will meet Thurs
day at Battery Park Clubhouse
on Glenbrook road, Bethesda. Of
flcers will be elected and plants
will be exchanged.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Harvest Show Broadcast

w. H. Youngman will speak
over WBCC today at lis in sup
port of the Bethesda Chevy Chase
Harvest Show next fall. Mr.
Youngman's subject will be
Planting Your Vegetables"
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Iris Group to Meet

Wilbur II. Youngman will ad-
dress the Chesapeake and Po-
tomac Iris Society Friday evening
at 8 in the National Museum,
topic: "The Culture Of Bearded
Iris" A rhizome of Black Banner
will be the door prize. Plans are
being rushed for the Iris Show,
open to all. to be held May IL to
20 in connection with the Home
Show Exposition at the Armory.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
To Plan PIont Exchange

Rock Creek Garden Club will
meet Wednesday at 1890 at the
home of Mrs. Paul Segal. 2750
Brandywine street NV. to discuss
plans for a plant exchange.
Evening star., 1950-04-30

1t is too late for the setting out
OF trees and shrubs except where
they are moved with relatively
large balls of earth and can be
given extra care during the sum
mer season.
Evening star., 1950-04-30
Flower Show at Barn

Flower Show at Barn
The Little Garden Club of
Sandy Spring. Md. will hold a
flower show at Brooke Johns Old
Barn. May Is, from $3.50 to 9,
with the public invited to exhibit
and attend.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
Six Former Cab Officials
Held in EmbezzIemenf

Six former officials of the Capt.
tol Cab Co., appeared in Munich
pal Court today on charges of
embezzling more than $500 during
their tenure of Office in 1948.
They surrendered to authorities
yesterday after warrants had been
sworn out by current President
Herbert A. Rollins of "a Defrees
street NV. and were freed on
bonds Of $500 each. All are
colored.
They are:
Proctor E. Butler, Is, of the 600
block OF Kenyon street NV:
Louis P. Sousa, so, of the 500
block of @ street NV; John
Allen, 43, of the 500 block of Okla
homa avenue NE; Arthur Tardy,
80, of the 500 block Of Jay street
NE; Claude T. Porter, a, OF the
400 block of @ street NV, and
Lucky G. Young. A, of the first
block Of Randolph place NV.
Allen is a former president Of
the company and Butler was vice
president.
Municipal Court Judge Almond
Scott continued the case until
January 10 to let the defendants
obtain counsel. Bond was set at
$500 each.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
GarfinckeI Official
Promotes Contest

Miss Elizabeth Fairal1, vice pres
ident OF julius Garfinckel & Co.,
leaves today on the Queen Mary
for Paris where the firms French
American design contest will be
held.
She is the donor Of the award
bearing the company's name
which has been created to encour-
age outstanding French accessory
designs for the United States
market.
The award will, consist Of prizes
OF 100 900 francs in II categories.
The designs will be judged early
next month by jury Of women
who include Mrs. David Bruce,
wife Of the United States Ambas-
sador to France, and Mrs. Barry
Bingham. wife the chief of the
ECA Mission to France,
Evening star., 1950-01-12
Hard Gravel Base Found
For White House Supports

The foundation Of the recon-
structed White House will rest on
a 20-foot layer Of hard gravel
which has been reached a feet
below the surface Of the ground,
it was reported today by the COM
mission In charge Of the work.
The stratum was tapped In the
first OF 100 underpinning pits
which will hold pillars on which
the foundation will rest.
Robert White, representative of
Spencer, White and Prentis, Inc,
New York, doing the underground
work. said that the gravel base
rang like a bell" when an effort
was made to drive a shovel into it.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
Bennett Blomes Company
For Attack on Its Ship

Representative Bennett, DEM
ocrat. of Florida yesterday blamed
the 1sbrandtsen Co. for the attack
on its ship. the Flying Arrow, in
Chinese waters and demanded an
explanation.
Mr.. Bennett disclosed a tele-
gram from the company urging
Congress to take action against
the Outrageous unprovoked and
unlawful repeated shelling" of the
vessel.
Mr.. Bennett, a member of the
House Merchant Marine Commit
ttee. made public a letter to the
company In which he said:
Il agree with you that it is an
outrageous thing that the Amer
ican flag has been fired upon.
do not know all the facts behind
this incident; but I am inclined
to put all of the blame on your
company.
Il have literally boiled with rage
when I have read in the news
papers that the State Department
asked your company not to enter
these waters and you took upon
yourself to put your vessel in those
waters despite the State Depart
ment's request.
"As a veteran who has seen
soldiers die by his side, I think
that your action in disregarding
the State Departments request in
such a manner that you may pre-
cipitate our country into a third
world war is something I cannot
understand"
Evening star., 1950-01-12
U. 5. Spends 5 Million
In Year on Benefits
For $1,000 in D. {.

The Federal Government spent
more than $5,696,000 during the
last fiscal year to help provide
health, education and social well
fare benefits to more than 81 900
District residents, the Federal
Security Agency announced to-
day.
DR.. E. r. Coffey, FSA regional
director here, said District funds
were added to Federal money in
most of the programs.
Largest Federal expenditure in
the program, he said, was $l,469,-
900 paid in old-age and survivors
insurance, with more than $500
District residents receiving month
ly payments as of last June. In
addition, $793 1000 was paid to sur
vivors of insured workers during
the year, and lump-sum payments
of $4,000 were made to other
survivors.
Activities Listed.
To bolster its welfare program,
DR.. Coffey said, the District re-
ceived $25S, 800 for maternal and
child health and other activities
while, under the Social Security
Act, the Federal Government pro-
vided $735 900 for aid to depend
ent children, $763, 900 for old-age
assistance and $4,000 for aid to
the needy blind.
Among a large number of ac-
tivities in the field of health, the
Government provided:
For public health, SIS, 900; for
tuberculosis control and treatment,
$4,000; for control of venereal
diseases, $150,000; for cancer re-
search and control, $185, 900, and
for mental health programs, $24.-
900.
80 Awards Made.
Federal grants amounting to
$240, 900 also went to District in
stitutions In 80 awards, DR.. Coffey
said. and $204,00O was provided
here for training grants and fel-
lowships.
Another $177,346 was turned
over to the District for its voca-
tional rehabilitation program, the
officials said, and Federal funds
amounting to $4,000 went for
compensation payments to injured
Federal workers in the city.
Evening star., 1950-01-12

them" the prosecutor persisted.
mo" said DR.. Binger. HE was
dressed up for the occasion"
But the doctor had to admit
that the late Will Rogers was not
wholly fastidious. He didn't know
about Owen D. Young and Thom-
as Edison. But Haywood Broun
was a classmate of his at college.
How was hep" Mr.. Murphy
asked.
"Oh, dirty" DR.. Binger recalled.
Stability Is Disputed.
Mr.. Chambers tendency toward
unstable attachments" also had
been cited as a symptom of his
mental illness. DR.. Binger admit
ted that Mr.. Chambers 19-year
marriage and his steady rise to
the top at Time Magazine were
evidence of stability.
On the other hand, the witness
found evidence Of instability in
the fact that Mr.. Chambers was
"in and out" Of the Communist
Party. which he served for 13
years.
There was a hint of instability,
too, DR.. Binger felt. in the fact
that after turning from atheism,
Mr.. Chambers was an Episco-
palian for a year or so before
he became a Quaker.
When it came to stealing, DR..
Binger was more positive, not
only had Mr.. Chambers f1lcfled
books from his college library
he also had received secret Gov
ernment papers from Henry
Julian Wadleigh and, allegedly,
from Mr.. Hiss. This must be
considered stealing, the doctor
said, even though, Mr.. Chambers
had the material microfilmed and
returned it the next day.
One feature of the day, atten-
lively followed by the jury, was
the symbolic recalling to the wit
ness stand of Mr.. Chambers in
tellect. An article of his, on the
devil. had been quoted by DR..
Binger as bearing some marks
that the author might be mentally
i'll. Mr.. Murphy read the whole
piece to the jury, and DR.. Binger
was quick to agree that it was
brilliant"
Evening star., 1950-01-12
Carey Girls Condition
Shows Slight Gain

Slight improvement was re-
ported today in the condition OF
Patricia Ann Carey, 8, daughter of
james B. Carey, CIO secretary
|treasurer, who was injured criti-
cally in an automobile accident
last Thursday.
The child is still unconscious,
however, at Washington Sanitar-
ium, Takoma Park.
She was struck by a car at Piney
Branch road and Sligo avenue,
Silver Spring, while en- route to
school. The Careys live at 8 Hill
top road, Silver Spring.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
Sun Oil Co. Charged
As Trust Act vioIator
In District, 1S States
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

The Justice Department today
charged the Sun Oil Co. of Phila-
delphia with antitrust law viola
tions in the sale and distribution
Of gasoline and automobile acces-
SorieS.
Attorney General McGrath an
nounced that civil antitrust ac-
ton was filed against Sun, the
maker of "Sunoco" products, in the
Federal District Court at Philade1-
phia.
He said the complaint accuses
Sun of compelling some 10000 in
dependent service station opera
tors in IS States and the District
of Columbia to enter into exclusive
purchasing contracts with Sunoco.
Restrictive Contracts Charged.
These contracts, the suit al
leges, require these service stations
to purchase their gasoline, motor
oils and other petroleum. products,
and automobile accessories, from
Sun and to refrain from making
any similar purchases from any
Sun competitor.
The suit asks the Philadelphia
court to cancel these contracts,
and to enjoin the Sun company
from employing any "coercive de-
vices" in dealing with its filling
station outlets.
The suit said that Sun lnanufac-
lures it's own petroleum products
and some of the accessories sold
at Sun stations, but buys -otner
accessories from suppliers located
in many States.
Firms Control is Cited.
The Sun line is distributed
through independent station op-
orators in the District of Columbia,
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Rhode Island, Massachusetts,. Con-
necticut, New York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware. Maryland.
Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, West
Virginia, Virginia. Kentucky and
Florida.
The department said Sun itself
owns and operates fewer than so
of the Sun stations in these
States.
Mr.. McGrath said in q state
ment:
THE purpose of this suit is to
make 1t possible for the numerous
suppliers of different brands of
petroleum products and automotive
accessories to compete for the
substantial market represented by
these 10000 service station outlets.
This antitrust action will also
permit each service station oper-
ator to purchase the petroleum
products and accessories that he
believes will bring the best quality
at the lowest price to his custom
ers. In this way the public will
more fully receive the advantages
of competition,