davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-12-10

tary bill carrying substantially
heavier defense items.
| Revenue was expected to be
about $38 billion. far below the
rapidly mounting appropriation
needs. Congress put through a
tax bill upping personal income
taxes and corporation levies. The
late November crisis in Korea
built a fire for quicker action on
bill to draw 50 billion in taxes
on excess profits of corporations.
That was the general picture
when the cost of living, according
to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
climbed to an all-time peak as OF
October is This brought auto
matte wage increases for many
workers. Steel workers got a 16
per cent wage increase November
80 in new contracts with big steel
companies which then announced
a 5l2 per cent increase in prices
The labor supply tightened, with
2,240,000 jobless reported last
month as compared with 34 mill
lion in November, 1949.
And. last but hardly least, there
was the question of helping the
civilian to protect himself in event
of total war and atomic attack
That story can be briefly told, de-
spite a great deal of discussion
and Federal-State-local conflict
and misunderstanding in recent
months. Millard F. Caldwell. for
mer Florida Governor, was ap-
pointed December l to head the
Civil Defense Administration.
House and Senate committee
finally promise action this month
to put civil defense on working,
| lco-Ordinated basis
Evening star., 1950-12-10
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Continued From Page CID
removed from the secret list be-
fore the aircraft show. and had
given a convincing demonstration
in a British fighter. They also
brought back three successful
turbo-prop types-the little
Mamba, of 1850 horsepower; the
double Mamba (tWo Mambas
coupled through a reduction gear
ing system to two co-axial contro-
rotating propeller shafts, rated at
nearly 5000 horsepower and the
Python, Briton's most powerful
turbo-prop rated at 1000 horse
power. They also had the Bristol
contract. In exchange for these,
Mr.. Hurley handed over a good
sized number of American dollars
amount unspecified, but known to
involve millions.
With its conventional piston
engine line still going and ranging
in horsepower types from 800 te
over 5000 and usable in many
military and commercial planes
Wright Aeronautical is again 6
competitor in the American
Evening star., 1950-12-10
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year, naval ships from 1000 to
$4,000 a year.
And that was achieved only
after tight controls went on prac-
tically every major phase of the
national economy and way of liv-
ing.
There has been no dearth OF
predictions, suggestions and warn
ings as to when and whether
really tight curbs should be i'm
posed. The most recent forecast
offered a few days ago by Mr.
Symington to the Senate Banking
Committee, indicated that by April
/ the country will "feel the real
impact" of military production.
Almost at the outbreak of the
Korean fighting Bernard M. Ba-
ruch. adviser to Presidents in two
World Wars, demanded all-out
immediate controls.
This isn't game of mumblety
peg" he exclaimed.
Secretary of the Treasury Sny-
der said the other day he believes
wage and price controls eventually
will have to be ordered to cope
with more severe imitation. Ee
furnished no timetable. Most ad-
ministration spokesmen have beer
saving for several months thai
immediate adoption of price anc
wage controls was not being con-
sidered.
The Governments economic
mobilization, as related directl!
to the Korean war, was prett!
much in the executive and legis'
lative discussion stage until Sep
tember 9. BY executive ordel
that day President Truman
created the Economic Stabiliza'
ton Agency. It's function was tt
develop plans for holding the
| line on wages and prices by what
ever steps it deemed practical ane
necessary, including the question
of ceilings.
Ten days later DR.. Valentine
former president of Rochester
University, was appointed ESA
administrator. On November 81
the President named Mr.. Di Sale
Mayor of Toledo, Ohio, as price
administrator within ESA.
|NPA Key Agency
The National Production Au.
thority, an agency within the
Commerce Department and with
out the independent status o1
ESA, was set up September 10
with Mr.. Harrison, president o.
the International Telephone &
Telegraph Corp. as head.
NPA is to be the key agency fol
expediting war production. Dur
ing the last two months it ha'
launched a constantly broadening
series of orders for cutbacks ir
scarce materials and for the con-
duct, voluntary and otherwise, o.
industry.
Those agencies came into being
as soon as the President signee
the Defense Production Act passet
by Congress on September 1. En-
actment of that bill came man!
weeks after the President re
quested general authorizations o
that kind. The bill as f1nall.
approved was not exactly wha
the President had asked. In fact
it gave him some powers he hat
not sought.
Briefly the Defense Production
Act allows the President to estab
lish a system of ALLEGATIONS ant
priorities to channel essential ma
terials into war production. I
authorizes controls on installmen
and other consumer credit. I
earmarks $500 million for tn
President to use as loans to spu
defense production by private in
dustry.
Evening star., 1950-12-10
u. Mobilization Not Apoce of Critical Times

It also empowers the President
to set up a War Labor Board
to handle labor disputes affecting
national defense and to requisi-
ton materials or property deemed
necessary for defense purposes.
Hoarding is made crime pun
ishable by a $1,000 fine or year
in jail.
The bill will let the President
order rationing of consumer goods
and, under certain conditions, i'm
pose price and wage controls. The
President had not requested the
rationing or wage-price control
powers. AS for the wage-price
problem it permits him to seek
voluntary agreements with labor
and industry. put controls on a
single industry, or fix blanket
price and wage controls on all
industry.
Symington's Duties
Unlike the World War II pro-
cedure. the present method-at
least so far-is to hold down the
number of new agencies and dele
gate authority to the permanent
departments and agencies such as
Commerce, Agriculture. Interior
Interstate Commerce Commission
and Federal Reserve Board. Not
the least or easiest of Mr.. Syming
tons new duties is to coordinate
the defense activities of all those
groups
Even before the ECA and NPA
came into being, the Federal Re-
serve Board went into action by
announcing restrictions on in
stallment buying. It revived the
old Regulation w, effective Sep
tember 18, and frightened it greatly
October 16.
Those restrictions increased the
size of down payments on variety
of things, including automobiles
and houses and shortened the
time for completing installment
payments. The main idea has
been to help halt the galloping
rate of consumer spending. 1t
has resulted in reduced buying in
some fields. In some instances,
such as the automobile field, the
curbs have raised so much COM
motion that congressional COM
mittees have decided to hold
hearings.
Outside as we'll as inside Gov
ernment circles there have been
wide and often vehement differ
ences of opinion on the effective
ness of controls to date and the
need for further crack-downs.
President Walter P. Reuther of
the CIO United Auto Workers as
serted last week that the admin
istration is trying to curb infla-
ton through meat axe" regula-
tions and Is making colossal
blunders" in efforts to build up
defense production. Calling for
all-out mobilization and genuine
price controls, he complained that
the installment buying controls
are no real substitute.
But DR.. Edwin G.. Nourse, for
mer chairman of the Presidents
Council of Economic Advisers,
cautioned that price controls
would be a "quicksand." They
ought to be avoided except as a
last result if the country is forced
into total war, he said.
NPA and several other agen-
cies, in any event, went ahead
with moves to curtail civilian use
of scarce supplies of one kind or
another. One of the first steps
last October was formation of a
Defense Petroleum Agency in the
Interior Department. This indi-
Gated possible cuts in the octane
rating of motor fuel but it also
brought assurances that no gaso-
line rationing was intended.
Other initial moves by NPA In
Evening star., 1950-12-10

October and November included a
request for steel ALLEGATION to
provide a minimum program of
10000 new railroad freight cars
month beginning in January;
drive to limit rubber consumption
to 10000 tons a week as compared
with 10000 tons in July; a ban
on construction Of new buildings
for amusement, recreation and
entertainment: steel distribution
order later amended to allow allo-
cations for deliveries to petroleum
and mining industries, farm ma
chinery manufacturers and other
se-supporting industries.
NPA announced late in October
that metals for the making of
television sets, radio and many
household appliances would be cut
back 20 to 80 per cent. On No.
vember 13 it ordered 35 per
cent cutback in civilian use of
aluminium. effective January l.
On November 90 it ordered
civilian use of copper to be cur
tailed Is per cent in January and
February and 20 per cent in
March. On December it or
dered a 80 per cent cutback in
non military use of nickel and a
20 per cent reduction in the use
of zinc IN civilian products, effec-
tive in January. Some of those
orders were modified later in cer-
tain respects.
NPA'S main weapon is DO-the
defense order system inaugurated
early in October. DO designates
production orders to which indus
try must give priority. Originally
they were confined to Defense
Department needs, but now cover
other related agencies.
Housing Slows Down
At the outset NPA and other
officials often talked of getting the
job done, as it then appeared,
through voluntary controls by
industry. They no longer stress
that point.
From the civilian as we'll as
business and governmental stand
point, limitation orders and other
factors have caused a downward
trend in new housing construction.
This has conceded with an up
ward surge, for extension of rent
controls beyond the scheduled De-
cember 81 expiration of the Fed
eral law and the January 81 de-
mise of the District law.
The Government has run into
an acute housing problem of it's
own. resulting largely by actual
or scheduled addition of at least
100000 civilian employees.
, AS for the problem of paying
for all of this, the Government
is in much the same boat as the
average citizen beset by inf1ation-
ary forces, growing Scarcities, ris-
ing prices and the general head
ache of trying to bring spending
somewhere within hailing dis
tance of income.
Congress last June, hopeful of
heading for home and pre-elec-
ton fence building, had about fin
ished work on a bill looping 81
billion from excise tax revenues
and also on measure broaden
ing social security levies and cov-
erage.
The national debt stood at about
$257 billion and seemed likely to
rise another SIS billion because of
an expected deficit at the close
of the fiscal year.
The Korean fighting brought
recommendations for tax boosts
but the congressional scene showed
few signs of urgency until the
Chinese Communist break-through
last month radically changed the
outlook. A 1922 billion omnibus
appropriation bill became law late
in August and was followed in
September by $16.8 supplement
Evening star., 1950-12-10
Star Reporter There

Lieut.. Col. Robert E. Lee. who
a few years later led the Southern
Army in the Civil War, was in
charge of the United States
troops and his lieutenant, j. E. B.
Stuart, later became the South's
best cavalry officer, but lost his
life when a cavalry force led by
Arkansas State press., 1950-06-23
Ah&N COLLEGE FACULTY MEMBERS
WIDEN TRAINING DURING SUMNER

Pine Buff-A wide study professional workshop
me session OF the 1872 members the college faculty large number
ed throughout the nation Most of the teachers doing advanced work
beyond are taking rereser
particular fields Of interest
Outstanding the activities representing the dv
sion OF Education the Training Workshop University Mime
soa and the Regional Workshop
Colleges for Teacher Education Blakey Dogee
OF the Laboratory Practice school, will school the Min
neoa Workshop The work will professional laboratory
experiences and teacher training Mrs Maeeen Aan Assistant
Supervisor of Negro Education Arkansas represented the college
l948
George Jones' Principal Demonstration school, Miss
Lillian Mazquem Elementary Education teachers will
tend the AACTE regional workshop University Wyoming
Arizona State College Mrs j. Dawson supervisor and counselor
Cobn High school, will attend the regional workshop State Teachers
College Lock Haven, Pennsylvania.
Other faculty members attending school during
G Barnett Syracuse University Mrs Dawson Syracuse Mrs
Kyle, University Pennsylvania Miss Maybuce
University Miss Mazique University California;
Mrs R. W. Fischer, University California; Miss
w. Wood University Chicago; Foster
Education Bernee Young University Denver Mrs Black
WELL Northwestern; Lamar Allen University Southern California;
Borgess. Lawson University Robinson
University Mrs Madison Robinson New York University Miss
Dckey University of Indiana Mrs Zenob Perry University Colo
rado A. NJ Loveace Chicago School, James,
broad British c. Tdon Laval University
Anderson New York University University
Mrs B 7. Henderson, New York University
Arkansas State press., 1950-06-23

was a visitor here recently.
Arkansas State press., 1950-06-23


also said These Nansvle Grovelandl will be
lawful within the lawful machinery of
government"
The Gro leader asked the
infamous conviction of the Trenton Six unlawf
statements Patterson said 1T matter of public
that the 18th of June l9i9 the City of Richmond
Virginia held with Martin Martin with the local
leadership NAACP with IS members
conference in which agreement reached
ratification National Office that the Virginia MAJ
CP and CRC would together the defense the lives of these
Tndsley, organization present the meeting
associates Mr. Martin Martin DR. Tndey spoke in the most
glowing necessity for this action which he
knowledge repudd the
continued Mr. Francis DeSayles Grayon retained the
NAACP his appeal his wife Mrs Josephine Grayson
Civil Congress have this office the communications which
place between this heartbroken woman and myself
the CRC. have this office the communications which
organization would
condemned death
policy overwhelming
from the support of the people
lives o. stake.
differences be other questions surely
them Surely Negro
greve throughout the land would rally campaign
call letters Battle
asking clemency until
the
Arkansas State press., 1950-06-23
Farmer, Who Came Out $40 In Debt
first Year, Now Nets $4,000 Yearly

To Eddie statesboro balanced farming has meant
49, difference coming out debt oang up an annual
nat income of close to soooo
~ he climbed up from $40 debt through years of share
rine to of 2a8acre farm the State
% to Prosper award and champion in re-
I received week by the U Department Agriculture from
,n Georgia Extension Service
az started getting when stopped putting my
op and tobacco Mr. Wilson who grows crops
cattle hogs peanuts tobacco, naval stores and cotton
But he planning further reduce his acreage
IN much to declared the Georgia After pay
.,zer ehoppng and picking don't have anything left
Mr. figuring expanding his production livestock
With the his county agent Morris Martin he developing
pastures his growing herd of grade and purebed Here
prds and his swine
Last year. he hogs addition
~ harvesting peanuts IL bales cotton pounds
tobacco barrels He farming
thps through his Production Credit Association
The Georgia growing corn grass
sge adino lespedeza feed his livestock blue
ne feed his land and keep highly productive He
earns all his allotment from the Production and Marketing Ad
nson for carrying practices
State Agent Stone that Mr. Wilson of the
most progressive Georgia AS proof he points to Mr. Will
sons developed with mechanical equipment his home with
steel awnings venetian blinds hot and cold running water his two
sons and Harvone full partner the operation of the
farm the other Hampton Institute graduate who nrtCtng
veterans on the farm training
The rise Wilson's happen overnight We've been al
most 80 years getting where are the able farmer who
started out 1920 THE first bride and
came out $40 in the hole"
But the second 5000 by growing
u their own food With part of their earnings they brought mule
couple of plows During the next three they
barely broke even growing cotton corn, and tobacco
So Mr. got hammer and and went to work
maritime as carpenters helper while Mrs Wilson carried on the
lighter farm chores the end of the they had 500
This enabled buy another mule and some additional
mnt Then they expanded their farming adding peanuts
hugs and cotton and tobacco crop BY the fall OF
1888 they had saved enough to make the do"npayment on zoo
rce rundown Saesboro
By 1889 the had done well improving their farm
Increasing its fertility adding livestock and building modern homo
NTH or own hand-hat acclaimed the winners of the
Statewide Plant Prosper contest
Two years ago they produced 1T bushels of corn on an acre "
win the corn champion of the State On an average they
% 40 acres 10 corn from harvest nearly 5000 bushels
There was time when land would hardly produce 5oO
bushels
I'VE get the Yield says Mr. Wilson, because we keep our LAND
good shape
He is looking the day when he can retire and turn e
% farm over TO his he isn't retiring the Job lie still
m every dav helping develop the pastures looking after the
gsock plans for the future
Arkansas State press., 1950-06-23
NAACP Again Asked For Joint Campaign
To Save "Martinsvi||e ]" By Gre

plea to the NAACP by the Civil Rights Congess
pagn Martnsve Virginia
be July 20 and August has William
Patterson CRC Executive
by Thurgood Marshall NAACP Chief Counsel.
petty pickering calling Patterson
his letter the NAAGP leaders The
people the terrible heat of cold mounting
sections of the country Negroes have been denied the right
picket order jobs
rejecting CRCs request the AIartinsvle
charged deliberate
said intention whatsoever permitting you
Arkansas State press., 1950-06-23
DUMAS
Eugene Thomas

Mrs. Ethel Brown of Chicago is
visiting Mrs. Cal Calhoun. Mrs.
A. X. Span visited in Pine Bluff
recently. Tom Winston is vaca-
tioning in Detroit. Mrs. Sarah
Barnes is visiting in Chicago MIR.
and Mrs. c. Morgan of Little Rock
visited George Morgan.....Mr and
Mrs. George Hampton of Milwau-
kee visited Mr. Hampton's parents.
Prof. l.. II. Hurd of Pine Bluff
Arkansas State press., 1950-06-23
Dewitt

The Eastern Songs quartet of
Stuttgart rendered program at
Nichols Chapel AME church re-
Gently Rev. N. T Holt of Dumas
conducted three night meeting at
the Baptist church recently 1t was
highly enjoyed by all attending.
The Nome nugget., 1950-05-01
MISS IRENE GRAY CHOSEN QUEEN OF NOME 1850

The Arctic Club Carnival was held Saturday evening at the School Auditorium with a capa- city crowd of young and old par ticipating in the many carnival games and concessions.
 Eliminating the evenings en- tcrtainment was the croWnnlg of Miss Nome for 1850. Irene Gray received the highest popular vote with Olga Hay and Juanita Eager StrOm as runners-up. Irene was presented the Arctic Clubs low ing cup to haev in her possession for 1850 and to be passed on to her successor in 1851. Each of the girls also received a cash award for their participation in the con test, which was strictly on a pop ularity basis.
 The highlight of the evening was the awarding of the Chevro- let Deluxe Sedan which went to Art Paulis fthe ACS.
 President Clement Bou h Q r stated that the cavnival was a success through the fine cooper ation of all concerned, especially the merchants and those who gave their time in helping in the con- sessions.
The Nome nugget., 1950-05-01
Nationwide Telephone Tie-up Averted Today

The immediately threatened na- tionwide tie-up of telephone serv- ice was averted early today by agreement of the striking main tenace and installation men to re- sume negotiations.
 The action ended at least tenn porarily the week-long strike of 10000 members of Division of the CIO communications workers of America, only four hours be- fore they were scheduled to set up picket lines at telephone eX- changes in 43 States.
 It was the picket line rather than the strike itself that was ex- pected to hobble service. It was believed that most of the 230,00O other union telephone workers would refuse to cross picket lines to their jobs.
 But another segment of com munications was hit by a nation wide strike of teletype operators and other traffic workers against the United Press Associations, a
The Nome nugget., 1950-05-01
Police Prevent May Day Trouble In Berlin

Continued from Page One) communist demonstrators at Pots damer Platz began surging toward the Soviet sector. They shouted "Black s. S." and communist pigs" at the East German police stationed at the Brandenburg Gate. The West Germans began hurling stones at the East Ger man police, who made no effort to retaliate.
 West Berlin demonstrators also seized two East sector civilians and beat them severely.
 Prime Minister Stalin reviewed thousands of cheering Russians shoulders and civilians-in man. moth May Day parade in Moscow
 Moscow, the capital of all-com- munist style May Day celebra- tions. was engulfed in sea of red bunting. A military para d c marched past Lenin's tomb and Stalin's reviewing stand. Over head roared Moscow's most spec tacular peacetime display of Sov- jet aerial power, led by Stalin's son, Lieut.. Gen. VaSsili Stalin. May Day, established as Inter national Labor Day by the Social ist International at Paris in 1889, since has been traditionally cele- brated throughout Europe. But in the United States, where Labor Day is designated as the first Monday in September, May 1 this year was observed generally as an anti-communist counter demonstration.
 Yugoslavia's independent com munist elebration-minus the pictures of Stalin featured in the Soviet satellites-was touched off by triumphant declaration that Premier Marshal Tito's regime had broken the Russian-led Com informs blockade of nearly two years.
 Nationalist generalissimo Chi ang Kai-Shek( in May Day ad- dress blasted Red China's leaders and urged workers now living un- der the new communist regime to fight with sabotage and strikes. He pictured his beleaguered Ma tionalist forces on Formosa as fighting the Russians as well as the Chinese communists. Bittrness between communists and anti-communists in Israel caused a riot Saturday night in Tel Aviv.
The Nome nugget., 1950-05-01

news service. They walked off their jobs about the time the tele- phone workers agreed to go back to work.
 There were indication that the end of the 97-day-old strike of 89,O0O United Auto Work e S against Chrysler Corp, was in the making at Detroit. And in New York, 12,OOO service employees called off their four-day strike at l9,OO8 buildings. More than 20O,- 900 apartment house dwellers had been deprived of elevator serv- ice, telephone switchboard heat, hot water, garbage disposal and other services by the strike.
 Tn calling off their strike against the Bell Telephone Systems man ufacturing and supply unit, the Western Electric Company, the CWA's Division 6 decided to re- turn to contract talks along with 24 other divisions.
The Nome nugget., 1950-05-01
A crew of lls Nenana residents

are busy compiling the guesses on the Ice Classic with an estimated 2l6,OOO guesses for this year eX- ceeding last years by about 5000. Seventeen typiSts are busy mak- ing up the books.