davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-10-17
Truman Acts 10 Avoid
Any Partisan Tinge
In Tonight's Address
Speech Likely to Reopen
Drive to Force Russia
To Talk Realistic Peace
BY the Associated Press

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. IT,
President Truman speaks to the
Nation tonight for the first time
since his Pacific talk with Gen.
Macarthur.
The occasion is major foreign
policy address-the opening shot
U. S. Far Eost Strength to be increased
As Result Of Woke ToIks. Pose A-3
Stossen Wonts Trumon to Say He Now
Accepts MoeArthur's Views. Pose A-3
Evening star., 1950-10-17

Economy Eliminates Porkwoy Extension to
10Th Street Through Zoo. Poee B-l4
Budget Cut Reduces Lond Needed for
Metropolitan Park System. Poee B-l
Evening star., 1950-10-17

Eisenhower Viewed os Possibility for 1852.
Poee AZ
Evening star., 1950-10-17

Best Loved ChopIoin' Has Neither Ronk
nor Poy. Pose AS
Evening star., 1950-10-17
Allies Drive Within L Miles
Of Pyongyong; Capture Of Red
Capital Is Expected Tomorrow
American 1st Cavalry
Troops Less Than
20 Miles Away
By ReImon NORM
Associated Press Foreign Correspondent

TOKYO, Oct. 17.-South Ko-
rean columns slashed tonight
through shattered Communist
remnants within II miles of the
Red Korean capital, Pyongyang.
American troops were less than 20
miles away.
Just over month after the AL
lied tide turned on the landing at
Evening star., 1950-10-17

(See LINCOLN, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1950-10-17
DonneIIy Sees Pope

(See U. NJ, Page A-4.,
Evening star., 1950-10-17
Guide for Rea d ders

An Associated Press Newspaper
Evening star., 1950-10-17

(See TRUMAN, Page A-30
Evening star., 1950-10-17

(See SLAYING. Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1950-10-17

(See KOREA, Page A-8D
Evening star., 1950-10-17

tSee COLOR TV, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1950-10-17

Some cloudiness, high 68 today. Rather
cloudy, mild tonight and tomorrow; low
tonight 81. (Full report on Page A-2o
Temperatures Today.
Evening star., 1950-10-17

Continued on Page AS, Col. S.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Karl {. Castle, S., Dies;
Business Representative

Karl E. Castle, SIS, a manufac-
turers' representative for office
supplies. died of a heart attack
yesterday at his home, 5449 Thir-
tieth place NV.
Mr.. Castle was born and reared
in Louisville, KY. He was a manu-
facturers' representative in Chic
ago before he came here three
years ago. He was an Army vet
eran Of World War I.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Helen M. Castle; a son, 1t. Hall
Cushman Castle. U. S. NJ, now TAX
ing post graduate work at Carne.
gle Institute of Technology In
Pittsburgh, and four grandchil-
dren.
Funeral services will be held at
l pm. tomorrow in the Pumphrey
funeral home, Silver Spring. Bur-
ial will be in Arlington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Arlington Rites Tomorrow
For Mrs. 0rviIIe Harold

Funeral services for Mrs. Or
vile v. Harold, SO, wife of the post
signal officer at Fort Lesley J..
McNair, will be held at 2 pm.
tomorrow in the Hines funeral
home. 2901 Fourteeth street NV.
Burial will be in Arlington Gene
terry.
Mrs. Harold died Monday at the
Boiling Air Base Hospital after a
brief illness. She lived at 314 Liv-
ingston terrace Sc.
A native of Clinton, Mo-, she was
educated in schools in Leaven-
worth. Kans. Married to Col. Har-
old in 1921, she was the former
Cleta Maurie Mitchell. Col. Harold
became signal officer st Fort
McNair in January, 1949.
Besides her husband, she leaves
a daughter, Miss Lois Ann Harold
OF Denver; two sisters, and q
brother.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Mrs. Addison Hester,
Longtime Resident Of
District, Dies Here

Mrs. Addison r. Hester, a Dis
trict resident for more than go
years, died Tuesday in Home
opathic Hospital after a long ILL
ness.
Mrs. Hester was the former
Miss Clara Cochran. Born in
Madison, Wis, she was brought
to this city as an infant. She
resided at 1924 Rhode Island
avenue N. E.
Her husband is a retired Bureau
of Internal Revenue employe. Mr..
and Mrs. Hester were well known
to flower show participants in
this area, having won many prizes
for their entries in various shows.
Mrs. Hester was for many years
a member of the Episcopal Church
of Our Saviour, 1000 Irving street
N. E.
Besides her husband, she leaves
two daughters, Mrs. Lewis F.
Atchison, 9608 Howard avenue,
Bethesda, and Mrs. John E. Claf-
lin of 9618 Howard avenue,
Bethesda; two sisters, Miss Julia
v. Cochran of Santa Monica,
Calf, and Mrs. Edward Turner
of Phoenix, Ariz.; two half broth
erS, F. LIE Roy Houck, 1923 South
Dakota avenue NE, and w. Chad
wick Houck of 1718 Otis street
NE, and an aunt, Mrs. Ber-
tie Corby of 3511 Davenport
street NV.
Funeral services will be held at
II am. tomorrow at the Hines
funeral home, 2901 Fourteenth
street NV. Burial will be in Fort
Lincoln Cemetery.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Itt Mrttturiant

MILLER, MABLE GWINN. In loving men,
GW1NN MILLER. who passed away one
year ago today. November 80, 1a49.
Let us think of her today.
Sleeping. resting. just away;
Resting where no shadows fall.
In perfect peace she awaits US all.
LOVING HUSBAND AND CHILDREN. =
oDEKovEN. ELIZABETH. In loving mem
ory OF our dear mother. ELIZABETH
years ago today. November SO, 194s.
She was a wonderful mother. our Nom;
Other folks may love US,
But only our Nom understood.
She worked for US, looked after us,
Loved us. forgave us
Anything we would do;
And then the only thing bad
She ever did to us
Was to die and leave US.
HER IL LOVING SONS, ARTHUR, STUART
love and devotion to the memory Of our
dear mother. ELIZABETH ODEKOVEN
ago today, November 80. 194S.
A day we shall always remember.
YouR SONS. EuGENE E ANp NH' s STUART. rUSssf. {.
RHINEs, EDNA II. A tribute to the mem
ory Of our darling sister. EDNA H.
years ago, November so. 1e47. &c
There is no death. the stars go down
To rise. upon some fairer shore.
Anq bright N Heavens crown
They shine forevermore.
There Is no death, an angel from Heaven
Walks DER the earth with silent tread
And then we cali them dead.
whenever they see smile too bright.
They bear It to that world Of iisht M 'i'''
p2vorhDIly 81 vayfll II Hesysn sssHrs AMI wu,,.u
DfHsiSiiia sPANdnER. AeNhS AND WILLIAM
RHINEs. EDNA H. solemnly acknowledg-
ing the third anniversary Of our loved
one EDNA H. RHINEs. November 80,
She sowed no seed of care and strife
But those Of love and Joy and lite.
MOTHER, MAMIE w. CAN'T.
Just in another world. resting from
BROTHER. HENRY HOLMES.
Edna has gone, she could not stay,
God needed her, so He took her away
GRANDMOTHER, AGNES B. HICKS.
RHINES, EDNA H. To your memory:
nave rosary on which / count those
near and dear to me, each bead a name.
yours I linger there with the fondest OF
memories and am deeply grateful for
having had fine friend like you.
YOUR DEVOTED FRIEND, NELL.
RHINEs HI tsa.E EDNA HOLMES; Three years
HOLMES RHINES our. beloved friend
and co-worker, departed this life. She
left many saddened hearts
Time takes of the cages of grief,
But memory lasts forever
PRINCIPAL AND TEACHERS OF
GRIMKE SCHOOL.
SIMPKINS, JAMES E. In memory Of my
dear husband, JAMES Z. SIMPKINS who
departed this life two years ago today,
November 80, 194S.
You are gone, but not forgotten;
As long as there. Is life and memory.
I will always think of thee.
DEVOTED WIFE. CONSUELLA SIMP-
WILLIAMS, MAMIE r. In memory Of
| our dear mother. MAMIE r. WILLIAMS
who passed away three years ago today
November 80. 1947. .E
Gone. but ne'er to be forgot,
While life and memory last,
| Is our tender loving mother
And the happy days long past.
YOUR FAMILY.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Vinson Leaves 10 Attend
Mother r-in-Law's Funeral

Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson
left Washington yesterday to at
tend the funeral of his mother
in-law, Mrs. Marcella Borders
Dixon. "a. at Louisa, KY.
Final funeral arrangements
were to be made on the arrival of
the Chief Justice and Mrs. Vim
son today.
Mrs. Dixon, a lifelong resident
of Louisa, died Tuesday at the
home Of a son, Herman Dixon, at
Columbus, Ohio. Survivors in
clude three other sons.
Evening star., 1950-11-30

months following the death of
James G. Yaden. who had been
the unions president.
A native of Kentucky, Mr.. Iler
worked his way up from 1890
a-year Federal job here to the
craftsmanship of the United States
Employees Compensation Appeals
Board, which is the court of last
appeal for Government workers
in injury claims cases.
Resigned for New Post.
Mr.. Her resigned this job to
take over the AFGE presidency.
During his Government career,
Mr.. Iler also served as an official
in the National Youth Administra-
ton, the Federal Security Agency,
and as consultant to Paul v. Nc
Mutt, then chairman of the War
Manpower Commission. Later, he
became assistant vice chairman of
WPB's war manpower require
ments division.
An attorney, Mr.. Tier at one
time served with a Senate COM
mittee investigating the munitions
industry. He was a member of
the Board of Trustees of the
United Community Services of
Washington and of the national
council Of the Federal Bar Asso-
citation.
Close Friend of Barkley
Mr.. Her was a close friend OF
Vice President Alben Barkley and
AFL President William Green.
He is survived by his widow
Nancy, and a son, Henry, jr.; also
four brothers. Charles, Morton,
w. G. and Arthur Her; and two
sisters, Mrs. Mary Bouche and
Miss Catherine Iler. The Iler
family lives in Colonial Village.
Funeral services will be held at
10:30 am. tomorrow in the First
Presbyterian Church, Chevy Chase.
Burial will be in Gainesville, Ga
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Zinc, Nickel Controls
Due as Copper Use
Is Cut Back 15Pct.
By Froncis P. DouoIos

Inc National production Au-
thority was working on orders
controlling the civilian use of zinc
and nickel today after issuing an
order cutting back the civilian use
of copper by Is per cent.
The copper order goes into ef-
feet January /. 1t is designed to
conserve the metal for military
use and the stockpile.
It limits the civilian use of
brass and copper mill products in
January and February to IS per
cent of the average monthly con-
sumption in the first half of 1850.
In March the cut back goes to 20
per cent, with the mills limited to
30 per cent of their base figures.
Aluminium Cut Due Jan. 1. Y
A 35 per cent cut in the civilian
use of aluminium also goes into
effect January /, as the Govern
ment carries on negotiations to
expand the production of that
scarce metal. Jess Larson, Gen
eral Services Administrator, an
nounced an agreement whereby
the Aluminium Co. of America
will build two new plants to ex-
pand production by 10000 tons
OF aluminium annually.
One of the plants will be at
Point Comfort, Tex. and will be
in operation by mid-1952. The
second plant. in production a year
later, will be built at a site not
yet chosen.
This will bring additional pro-
duction to $4,000 tons, or SO
per cent Of the present output of
100000 tons year. Alcoa earlier
had announced 1t would reopen
two idle plants to produce 70 600
tons. Agreements also have been
reached with the Kaiser Alumi-
mum and Chemical Corp. and the
Reynolds Metal Co., each of which
will step up production by 1o0-
900 tons a year.
Inventories Limited.
In its copper-conserving order
NPA limited the inventories of
users OF the metal to a 45-day
supply or to practicable mini
mum working inventory, which,
ever is less. This is expected to
cut the purchase of the metal
while users supplies are being
reduced to the limits set.
Copper is in demand for military
production Of munitions, electron-
les and signalling devices. The
curtailment order is expected to
cut into the manufacture OF auto
mobiles, radio and television sets
and other household appliances
and the communications and elec-
trio industries generally.
The rule on the civilian use of
cobalt was eased somewhat. The
metal Is used In hardening steel,
and one of the civilian uses of
this steel Is in the magnets in
radio and television loudspeakers.
Deliveries Of the metal, now lin
tied to 80 per cent of normal, will
be permitted at so per cent
through December. A new order
controlling the metal from Janu-
ary / Is expected.
NPA announced two appoint
ments. John Peckham of New
York. formerly with the War Pro-
duction Board of World War II
and with the Office of the Housing
Expediter. has been named di-
rector of NPA's Compliance Divi-
sion. Robert L. Glenn, formerly
with the National Security Re-
sources Board, has been named to
assist in the organization of a
transportation equipment division
in NpA.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
HIT Mrntnrtattt
AMERICA. GERTRUDE. 7,

GERTRUDE. In loving mem
ory of my dear wife, GERTRUDE AMER
lea, who departed, this life seven years
ago today. November 80. 1943.
And while she lies in peaceful sleep,
Her memory ] shall always keep.
LOVING HUSBAND.
BERNARD. ELLEN. In sad but loving
memory q my dear sister: ELLEN BER-
NARD. who passed away four years aso
today, November 80. 1916.
Somewhere back of the sunset,
Where loveliness never dies.
She dwells in land OF peace and Joy,
With the blue and the gold OF the skies.
DEv0TEp ASn 12,fI SISTER ST EFF1E E. GRIFFITH
BIRCH, WILLIAM II. In loving memory
of our dear father, WILLIAM H. BIRCH,
who passed away thirty years ago today,
November 80. 1920.
The one we loved is now at rest,
His fond, true heart is still:
The hand that would have helped US
,.,. Now lies in deaths cold chill.
HIS soI SHnpREN 1Ips MS MARIE JACK, X
MR.: ELDRIDGE K. BIRCH.
BOYD, LAURA r., In loving memory Of
LAURA R. BoYD. who s0 left f1asniNf1 us we've
years ago today. November 80, 1898.
Time may pass and bring its changes,
Fresh with every passing year,
But her memory will always be cherished
In the hearts that hold her dear.
cARRaEf aP1E,etlII ALIGE; ns EN- DOLLY AND THE THE
to the memory nj % Of T. my DEAR Du'f husband IS ,ntt
BENZ. w. BURDETTE, who left me three
years ago today. November 80, I947.
On the hillside gently sleeping
Where the flowers gently wave,
Lies my dear, devoted husband,
Whom loved and could not save.
LONELY WIFE. LUCY.
CoLSON. GILMER. In loving memory Of
dear, dear husband and friend, G1LMER
GSoLsoN, who left US five years ago today,
Gone, still always remembered.
HIS DEVOTED WIFE, ANNIE COLsON,
AND FRIENDS. MILLARD AND DAISY
FREDERICK.
FITZGERALD. ROBERT HOLLAND. In
bToter es RosERr our HoEExNp of1oxsd son rz 12a
GERALD. who was laid to rest six years
ago today, November 80, 1914.
In the resurrection morning,
When the dead in Christ shall rise,
We shall meet our loving Robert
In the home beyond the skies.
| Oh. We long for that glad morning
When we meet him face to face;
1t will be happy meeting,
MoTaER Re- Betty ef!r IN ASp Sf5 fAsRTGs feFafs
JACKSON. CHARLES. In loving memory
| Of our dear brother. CHARLES JACKSON
| who passed away three years ago today
November 80, 1947.
| There is home not made by hands;
Beyond its golden door
Awaits the one who's now away,
Not lost, but gone before
And in that home not made by hands,
| The Master will prepare
| A place for us and when He calls,
We will meet our loved one there
| LOVING SISTER AND BROTHER IN
LAW LILLIAN AND ROBERT JACK.
SON.
JAMES. FLORENCE v. In loving mem.
| ory of our dear wife and mother, FLOR
! ENCE v. JAMES. who passed away two
| years ago today, November 30, 194S.
| THE FAMILY.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Dr.. R. l. Dickinson Dies:
Brth-ControI Leader
BY the Associoted Press

AMHERST, Mass, Nov. 3d.
DR.. Robert L. Dickinson, 80, a
leader in. the birth control and
euthanasia movements, and an
author and sculptor, died here
yesterday.
During World War I he was
assistant chief of the medical
section Of the National Council of
Defense and a medical member
of the General Staff in 1888.
An outstanding gynecologist, he
was a former president of the
New York Obstetrical Society and
ex-president of the American
Gynecology Society.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
School Leaders Hit
NPA's Program for
School Construction

oCate educatlon leaders today
strongly criticized the National
Production Authority for not Civ
ing enough attention to the needs
OF education in the present emer-
gency.
In a resolution adopted at a
meeting of the National Council
OF Chief State School Officers, the
officers agreed to give its board of
directors power to draw up plans
OF the needs of education for
school construction and supplies
James L. McCaskill, co-ordina-
tor OF the National Conference for
Mobilization of Education, said
school construction is the topmoss
need in education today. An
other problem, he said, is the i'm
pact of the defense crisis on con-
struction itself.
Mr.. McCaskill said the NPA does
not think the people of this coun-
try believe education is Of the
topmost Importance.
Louisiana Chief Speaks.
The resolution was introduced
by Shelby Jackson, State super
intendent of education in Louis
lana. He said the needs of school
children have fallen by the way
side in preference to such things
as construction of honkytonks.
Miss Mary Condor, State school
superintendent Of Montana, made
the suggestion that school children
write letters to William Henry
Harrison, head of the NPA.
"Our schools" she said, "are still
trying to catch up from the last
war. when they fell behind be-
cause of the national defense
priorities."
Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, national
selective service director, and
representatives of the three armed
services and Government agencies
attended the meeting.
Officers Elected.
Yesterday. the council, meeting
at the Wardman Park Hotel. elected
at the ,Wardman Park Hotel,
elected officers and passed a num-
ber of resolutions. one of them
asking that education be given a
priority next to that OF the mill
tary in the present crisis. The
educators said the educational
system is "basic In our survival" ]"
The request for high priority
in materials and manpower. was
made after the educators agre ed
that the present crisis would be
with the Nation for years to come.
They felt education's place in the
picture should be firmly estab-
lished for the good of the coun-
try.
Lee M. Thurston, Michigan State
Superintendent of Education, was
elected the new council president.
He succeeds Mrs. Pearl A. Wanna
maker Of Washington, who was
named first vice president. Finis
E. Engleman Of Connecticut was
elected second vice president.
Named to the board of directors
were Roy E. Simpson, California;
Vernon L. Nichol, Illinois; Clyde
Erwin. North Carolina: E. Allen
Bateman. Utah: Dean M.
Schweickhard. Minnesota, and
Hubert Wheeler, Missouri.
The group urged the Federal
Communications Commission to
set aside television channels for
education. 1t also condemned the
recent TV ads appealing to par
ents to buy TV sets to keep their
children from being shamed. The
group said it would join the Ne
tional Education Association in
filing complaint with the Federal
Trade Commission about the ads.
Evening star., 1950-11-30

after an illness
of two months
duration.
The 45-year-
old former Gov
ernment official
became i'll sew
eral weeks aft
er his election
as AFGE presi-
dent last Sep
tember /.
Mr.. Her pre-
v i o u sly had
served as AFGE
interim presi-
e.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Mains, Circus Man, Dies

GENEVA, Ohio, Nov. 80 (P.-
Walter L. Mains, 88, who toured
the United States and Europe
with a circus he operated more
than SO years. died yesterday.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Judge Branch Johnson Dies

RICHMOND. Nov. 80 P.-
Judge Branch Johnson. 10, of the
Richmond Civil Court, died early
today.
Evening star., 1950-11-30
Uarn nf Chunks

LUCAS, EDITH LEE We wish to thank
the officiating ministers relatives, neiRh-
tributes, cards. telegrams. kind services,
donations, use of cars and other ex-
pressions OF sympathy during our recent
illness and bereavement.
THE FAMILY
Evening star., 1950-11-30
HenryC. Her, as, Dies;
Headed AFL Union Of
Government Workers

Henry C. Her, president of the
AFL American Federation of Gov
eminent Employees, died yesterday
in Marine Hospital, Baltimore.
Evening star., 1950-11-30

Canada leads the world In
asbestos, newsprint, platinum and
radium.
Evening star., 1950-11-30

IN n. Comrades of Col. James
S. Petit Camp, U. S. w. ".
will assemble at the T. F.
Costello Funeral Home. 1722
North Capitol ST., at S:45 am.
Friday. December ! 1850. for
the funeral of our late COM
rade. JOHN N. BREEN. Serv-
NForfir'S rhyrch 100S North
Evening star., 1950-11-30

Apply now for admission to fall
November go. Students may
as beginners In shorthand and
and transcription. Choose Stra,
In competitive examinations.
Evening star., 1950-11-30

BREEN, JOHN n. On tuesday, November
N~ 2S, 1850. at Washington, D. c.,
E hN tse celumbia a SaEEN fyDosrasncaf @smasn G1
EE&1D H Union, No. l01. and the Wash
NG ington Post Chapel. Remains
resting at the Costello Funeral
Home. 1722 North Capitol st. Funeral
services Friday December /, at 9:30 am,
from st. Martins Catholic Church. 1900
s North Capitol ST. Interment Arlington
National Cemetery
JOSEPH e. LINS Secretary-Treasurer
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1950-12-07
Burke Names
Area S Civil
Defense Head

Following the announcement
Wednesday by Mayor Thomas A.
Burke of the appointment of Ellis
worth H. Augustus as Greater
Cleveland civil defense director,
and of George S. Quinn as head
of the mobilization committee,
East Cleveland city officials
plunged into its tentative plans to
start its defense rolling.
! City Manager Chas. A. Carran
said appointm of East
Cleveland's civil defense director
will be made in the very near fu-
ture.
Since the present civil defense
program is being patterned differ
emily than that in World War IL
when local communities each set
up their own pattern, local COM
munities have been standing by,
lending appointment of the Great
er Cleveland civil defense director.
/ Ellsworth H. Augustus has a
wide experience for his newest
community service - he serves
without compensation. He is pres
ident of the Greater Cleveland Boy
Scout Council, member of the ma
tional and regional executive
boards of the Boy Scouts, is asso-
ciated with the Standard Prod
ucts Co., is a director of the Ma
tional City Bank and is interested
in real estate.
Mr.. Augustus also is the seven
time Cleveland district golf cham
pion and enjoys all outdoor sports.
During World War II he served
four years as a commander in the
Navy. During two of these years
he made 40 trips across the At
lantic, IL across the Mediterrane-
an Sea and two across the Pacif-
ic as executive officer aboard the
U. S. S. West Point, a troop car
rier manned by 500 men and nor
mally carrying 100 troops. His
army service started with World
War |.
! The new civil defense director
states that the first item on his
agenda is the creation of coun-
ty-wide organization with the aid
| of specialists in the field of COM
munications, transportation and
public utilities.
Mayor Burke has also announced
the creation of a 50-member civi
mobilization committee headed by
George F. Quinn, vice president
Lakewood City Council. This grouI
will deal with preparedness other
than actual protection. Included IL
its program would be bond drives
rationing, price controls, etc.
Mr.. Quinn is chairman of th'
newly formed preparedness com
mittee of the Cleveland Welfar,
Federation which will now turn it
| functions over to the create
| Cleveland comni ices.
II The work of the civil defens
| job is expected to be financed on
| pro-ratio basis among the pal
/ ticipating municipalities.
III Mayor Burke is the chairman o
| the Cuyahoga County Council TO
| Civil Defense Of which City Man
ager Chas. A. Carran of Eas
| Cleveland; Louis Seltzer, editor o
| The Cleveland Press; Sterling {
| Graham, business manager of tn
| Cleveland Plain Dealer; and Jos
| eph German, county commission
ers are the members.
| Mr.. Augustus, after accepting
the appointment, said he knew h
was taking on tremendous jo'
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1950-12-07

where seven the experts are deal
ing in an unknown sphere"
He indicated that organization
of the area should be undertaken
as rapidly as possible, and remind
ed that all communities are going
to be dependent on information
from Washington as to what should
be done and when.