davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Judicial Lowmukinq

Municipal Court Judge Kronheim was
wise in reversing himself in two cases in
which he had committed defendants to
Jail without bond Unfortunately for the
defendants, however, the judges change
of mind came only after the defendants
had spent several hours behind bars-al-
though the maximum penalties provided
by law for their alleged violations were
fines.
Judge Kronheims extraordinary ham
ding of the two cases is disturbing because
he indicated to reporters that he ordered
the men to Jail, pending actual sentencing,
because he felt that the laws permitting
only fines in their cases were inadequate
to protect the public. But the remedy for
such defects of the law, If they exist, is
new legislation, not court-made laws to
suit what a Judge may think is required in
particular cases.
The cases in question involved a charge
of health violations against a laundry pro-
prietor and one of disorderly conduct
against another defendant. The only
penalty legally possible in the laundry
case, according to the Corporation Coun-
sells Office, was a fine of from five to
forty-7ve dollars. In the disorderly case,
the only legal penalty was fine of up to
twenty-five dollars. But, because he felt
that the offenses charged in each case
were aggravated" Judge Kronheim Or
dered both men to Jail for two weeks
without bond pending presentence in
vestigation. Yet attorneys for both de-
PENDANTS said their clients were ready to
pay any fines imposed. 1t was after de-
tense attorneys had protested the courts
action and reporters had asked the Judge
for an explanation that Judge Kronheim
reversed himself and fixed bond.
Judge Kronheim was reversed several
months ago by the Municipal Court of
Appeals in Small Claims Court case. At
that time the appellate court made COM
ment which is worth repeating: Congress
did not intend to deprive litigants of their
lawful claims or defenses, or to substitute
the abstract conception of justice of an
individual judge for recognized rules of
substantive law"
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Pacific Submarine Threut

Admiral ShermanS assertion that Russia
has about seventy submarines on the prov7l
In the Pacific throws light on recent moves
70 strengthen our naval forces in that vast
area. The Chief of Naval Operations has
evidenced growing concern over our weak
.ened naval strength in the Far East. Ap-
parently his current tour of Pacific bases
with other members of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff has added to his anxiety.
Seventy submarines is only fourth of
Russia's total undersea fleet, according to
the best available information from behind
the Iron Curtain. Admiral Sherman told
reporters in Tokyo that he believes Russia
has between 270 to 280 submarines in COM
mission. The latest edition of James esti-
mated that some 300 of these boats are
ready for action, and that the present
building program calls for total of from
7So to 1000 submersibles within year or
two.
At the outset of World War II Germany
had only about fifty U-boats, yet this fleet
was able to infiict grave damage on allied
shipping. In fact, the U-boat menace be-
came SO critical in 1912 and early 1943 that
our efforts to aid our Allies across the
Atlantic were close to being nullified. It
was only when our anti-submarine OPERA
tions became enormously amplified and
improved that victory over the U-boat peril
was assured
The submarines which Russia has built
since World War II are of the long-range
snorkel type, developed by the Nazis late
in the war-too late to do them any good.
These fast, elusive craft are difficult to
detect even with radar, and hard to over
take and destroy. Special detection and
attack equipment and tactics are being
developed to meet this threat The plans
center around so-called hunter-killer
groups of ships, including a new type of.
anti-submarine destroyer, replete with de-
lection devices and new weapons
Some of these anti-Submarine units are
being deployed in the Pacific, to augment
the small naval forces which have been
assigned to that theater in the postwar
era Until recently our total fleet in the
Far East consisted of only two cruisers and
eight destroyers. Within the past ten days,
however, an Essex-claSs aircraft carrier
arrived in Japanese waters, accompanied
by two destroyers. There is another Essex
class carrier elsewhere in the Pacific, an
escort carrier of much smaller dimensions,
four cruisers and thirty-six destroyers
Admiral Sherman has said that these
forces will be built up shortly, with special
attention to anti-subrnartne warfare re-
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Still q Local Responsibility

Although Virginia's General Assembly
has voted overwhelmingly for Governor
Battles revolutionary school-fnancinp
program, 1t was evident from the debate
on and off the floor that many of the
Affirmative votes were cast with some
misgivings. The reluctant vote is a good
omen, II it means that the Legislature will
continue It's resistance to the trend toward
increased reliance by local authorities on
State aid in meeting their responsibilities
The forty -five-million- dollar uncondi-
tional grant of State funds for new school
buildings is the first departure from
Virginia's heretofore inf1exible policy of
not making outright gifts to counties and
cities for school construction. The only
State aid for such construction in the
past has been through loans from the State
literary fund. The Gray Tax Study Com
mission, after a Statewide survey of
school needs, recommended State grants
on fiftyfifty matching basis But Gov.
ernor Battle, in accordance with a cam
paign promise, urged that no matching
funds be required, on the grounds that
todays school crisis warrants t"extraor-
binary" action by the State and that many
communities could not afford to match
the States contribution.
Attempts to amend the Governors bill
so as to require matching of State funds
failed because the majority of legislators
agreed with Governor Battle that Virginia's
school emergency required emergency
measures. But the advocates of this
new State-aid program have made it plain
that they regard it as nothing more than
temporary departure from established
policy-not to be regarded as precedent
for similar paternalistic expedients in this
or other fields.
1t is easier to state this determination.
however, than it is to adhere to it, once
an exception is made to the rule. That is
why many of those who supported the
Battle plan are worried about its future
implications in the realm of State aid for
schools and for sundry other facilities
and services which local authorities have
fdifficulty in paying for. Governor Battle,
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Reporting for Whut Duty?

Now that the Mighty Mo is free and, as
an admiral put it, reporting for duty"
a question naturally arises as to what duty
she is reporting for. Is this As ,OOO-ton sur
vivor of the battleship era to continue on
active duty with the feet-in accordance
with President Truman's positive instruc-
tions to the Navy? Or will those presi-
Dental orders be reconsidered in the light
of the heavy additional cost of restoring
her to duty?
The duty to which the Missouri was
encounter with Chesapeake Bay mud
bank was hardly important enough to
justify her $6,700,000 annual maintenance
cost She was being used as combination
tanker and training ship, role I'LL befitting
dreadnought of her prestige, power and
historic associations. If she Is serving any
other major role-such as safeguarding our
fleet from possible surface attack by
potential enemy battle fieet-the Navy has
been very reticent about it. The only
potential enemy fleet is Russia's, and the
Soviet Navy is not believed to have any
modern battleships in commission. There
have been reports that Russia is building
three battleship-type vessels, but these are
said to be designed chiefly as guided
missile platforms. The Missouri's sister
ship, the uncompleted Kentucky, was to
have been converted into a guided missile
ship, but work on her was halted because
of lack of funds.
Would it not be more sensible to save
the money which must be expended on an
overhaul of the Mo in drydock and on her
subsequent maintenance on active duty
and use it on completion of the Kentucky
or as Admiral Blandy and Chairman
Vinson of the House Armed Services Com
mittee have suggested, on recommissioning
another aircraft carrier? And If it is
sentiment which underlies the Presidents
decision to keep the Missouri with the
fleet, would not sentiment be served better
by giving her honored retirement as
Pacific victory memorial than by giving
her work beneath her dignity? These are
questions to which the President should
give earnest consideration as the bruised
but still proud ship rests in drydock.
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Urges Public to Use Phone
As Little as Possible During Strike

To the Editor of The Star:
The widely publicized plan of the tele-
phone workers union to overburden and jam
the dial telephones is by far the most vicious
threat that high-riding union officials have
leveled at the long suffering public.
This scheme may be due to growing
realization that they rapidly are losing the
power that they have been enjoying and
that the support of the average American
citizen is on the wane.
When will the saner element of union
personnel gain control of the unions and
stop the continual threat to our freedom?
Or must we constantly stand in fear of what
the unions will do next?
l hope that the general public will tele-
phone as little as possible during this threat
ened strike and thus in some small way
help to combat the efforts of the union to
break down the service.
II the efforts OF the misguided members
OF the union were successful in breaking
down the telephone service, it would be a
rather pitiful form of retribution If they
or their families should suffer because of
inability to call doctor, the police or the
fire department in case of an emergency.
EDNH.
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Would Reduce Size of Circle
West Of Memorial Bridge

At least a couple Of times each week, and
sometimes oftener, the early morning and
late afternoon traffic is tied up for a con-
siderable period of time in the Memorial
Bridge section, thereby causing considerable
delay in reaching the District in the morn
ing and in leaving the District in the after
noon.
This situation is due to the existence of
bottle neck at the approaches to both
ends of the Memorial Bridge. There are
approximately IL lanes leading to the bridge
on each side of the river, which converge
into three lanes upon reaching the bridge.
This situation could be corrected to a great
extent by providing an additional lane at
the approaches to the bridge, by reducing
the circle on the West side
A COMMUTER.
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Discusses Alleged Worship Of
ABB. Degree in Relation to Medicine


ABB. Degree in Relation to Medicine
To the Editor of The Star:
Mrs. Doris F. Coyne's frenetic blast Of
January 27 was lulu. I had questioned
the necessity of an ALB. degree for the study
of medicine. The Star previously had
pointed out that perhaps the long years OF
study required for medicine is partially re-
sponsible for the doctor shortage. Mrs.
Coyne struck back with fury that only
the gentle possess.
Mrs. Coyne reflects the typical American
worship of the ALB. degree. This idolatry
results in the widespread belief that people
who lack college education are boobs,
despite the fact that they may be extra
ordinarily well-read persons with the added
refinements of tenderness and perception.
An extension of this thinking leads some
people to believe that an MA. is smarter"
than an ABB, and that. similarly, the Ph.D.
tops them all in "intelligence.'
This is the nut era One of the corollaries
of this nuttery Is the American passion for
labels Labelmania partially explains the
daily genuf1ections of Americans before
the altar of academic degrees Hence we
find the shocking contradiction Of a caste
system in democracy. Thus, the non-pro-
ducer. such as an economist, is high on the
social and reverence scale simply because he
has college degree and an acquired gift
for confusing the obvious. The producer.
on the other hand, such as the coal miner
or carpenter, is lower on this scale, since he
does not have college degree.
Labelmania and Jitterbugs Deplored.
From this labelmania stems the sickening
and idiotic reverence for the ABB. degree as
such. Ninety per cent of our students do
not seek the benefits of an ABB. degree
but merely the label itself. Our college
campuses are crawling with intellectual
jitterbugs most of whom cannot give a
sensible explanation for their presence in
because of various social preSsures and be-
cause it is the right" thing to do, such
as tipping your hat to a lady.
The truth is that the average youngster
is not ready for the liberal arts at the time
they are rammed down his throat Most of
his university years, therefore, are sheer
waste Of time. To absorb the classics you
must begin with some appreciation of them
Appreciation is the perception Of contrasts.
It does not make much sense to ask the
callow collegiate. vegetating in vacuum, to
contrast composite picture of history and
literature with his limited experiences. Even
after four years of this harassment, the
college graduate finds himself still struggling
for the pinnacles Of mediocrity.
Technical. knowledge acquired in a pro-
fessional school, plus an inner compulsion
and aptitude for the healing arts, should
be the sole requirements for the doctor
Certainly, an Alb. degree should not be a
sine qua non Chats the influence of the
liberal arts creeping in) for the study OF
medicine. A year in butcher shop would
be much better. EUGENE KELLY.
Evening star., 1950-02-04

in signing the BILL should re-emphasize its
emergency nature and caution county and
municipal officials that they still have
primary responsibility for providing the
children of their communities with ade-
quate schools
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Wants Reform of Procedure
In Committing Alleged Insane Persons

Wants Reform Of Procedure
In Committing Alleged Insane Persons
To the Editor OF The Star:
In her letter of January a. Mrs. Helene
Friedman wants Congress to investigate
commitments to hospitals for the insane
Recently DR.. Winifred ,Overholser said, Be
tween 200 to 800 sane old folks who do
not belong there were locked up in St.
Elizabeths Hospital here in the Nations
Capital. This seems to indicate that "the
protection of the courts" against being
''railroaded into insane asylums' does not
amount to much.
Obviously, the system of admitting per-
sons to mental hospitals does most urgently
need to be completely reorganized and re-
formed. Each and every person accused of
insanity, senility, mental illness or mental
incompetency of any type or description
should have Jury trial. They should have
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Mountain TwiIiqht-Winter,

No1D the tornaented apind strides restless
through the pines,
Incurious and cold; bitter against the sky
The granite hills dark hulk shoulders the
p1llid moon -
Blo,Dn chill and bIeakly 1Dan through
ragged strips of cloud; &
hollo1o sighting ranges the canyons rim
nboUe
The sharp-toothed ja,os 1t holds eterrally
apart;
nameless. hunger stitfens the trees
black, barren branches,
Aspen, birch, and ash denuded nop TO
pattern 81
Against the grim, grey ueiing OF the
deepening dusk; esa
Hob fierce and stark, like loDe denied, the
land lies 1Uditing;
Patient and beautiful, 1t aoaits the da1un
and spring.
HELEN ROWE HENzE,
Evening star., 1950-02-04
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Is the japanese Emperor still referred
to as the Mikado?-G. o. 3.
A. Mikado was the ancient title of the
Emperor. It is still used to some extent by
foreigners, although the Japanese people
for long time have called their ruler
Tenshi (son of heaven) or Tenno Gheav-
ely king). In 1946 the Emperor gave up
these spiritual titles. s.>
Evening star., 1950-02-04

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
,Oriter, although it is permissible for
1oriter knoUn to The Star to use
non, de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1950-02-04

quirements The reports of increasing
Russian naval strength in the Pacific leave
us no alternative but to take these mini
mum countermeasures for elf-protection.
Evening star., 1950-02-04

Though much impressed, Broadway
critics find the significance of T. S. Eliot's
wordy Cocktail Hour" bit blurred-an
argument perhaps for return to the
single martini.
Evening star., 1950-02-04

There is only one thing to do with a
blown-up paper bag, so far as we know,
or with hydrogen bomb.
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question Of
fact by writing The Star Information Bureau, 316
Eye street NE. Washingto1 2 D. C. Please enclose
three (3) cents for return postage
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Calls for Legislation
Making Strikes Illegal
To ths rditor ~ rY,,,a s+ar.

40 tnc Edltor OF Inc star:
In your issue of January q, Strickland
Gilliland in lively phrases hurls his righteous
indignation about the current coal situation
at John L. Lewis. Most people who do not
have axes to grind will agree that Mr..
Gilliland's indignation is indeed righteous,
but he is looking in the wrong direction
when he aims it at Mr.. Lewis.
hold no brief or liking for Mr.. Lewis.
If had the power to send him to the mine
pits to dig coal for his living, would put
him there today; not as punitive act, but
as one way to get rid of his too-great influ-
ence on our national economy.
But any one who takes the time to think
the matter through must realize that Mr..
Lewis is doing only what any one else in
his position as head of union would stand
ready to do-anything and everything which
furthers the interests of the group so repre-
sented that is not prohibited by law. Under
presently existing statutes, MIR. Lewis Is not
violating any law and cannot be charged
justly with any violation until an injunction
issues from a court of competent jurisdiction
and he thereafter violates that injunction.
This Senseless exposure to a mans whims
until some one sees fit to risk public criti-
cism from large segment of our population
by petitioning for an injunction is the target
at which Mr.. Gilliland and all other public
spirited citizens should direct their righte-
GUS Indignation. We voters and our legis-
lators alike have been dangerously negligent
in permitting this exposure to continue.
II Mr.. Gilliland-whom T admire greatly
and few others with comparable scope
OF public influence, would persistently en-
courage our legislators to enact laws making
every strike which affects any commodity
or service essential to the public welfare a
crime, and substituting for wasteful and
harmful strikes an orderly system for the
adjudication of labor disputes by national
labor courts then these economic bottle
necks soon would be changed to wide canals
for the free flow of necessities.
So long as the public blames Mr.. Lewis and
other labor -barons for its predicament with
respect to deprivation of necessities Just so
long will deprivations and threats of depri-
vations plague u.s. Whenever the public quits
tossing darts at a straw man and goes after
real meat with shotgun, then the larder
will be kept filed Strikes are presently,
as much a threat to public welfare as high
way robbery was in times of old. Highway
robbery was curbed by laws making 1t a
crime. Strikes never will be curbed until
they are made crimes, too-crimes against
the welfare of all of us.
So please Mr.. Gilliland, direct the effects
OF your persuasive pen and eloquent voice
towards the real cause of the situation you
deplore-the lack of laws imposing criminal
penalties on those who cause or engage in
work stoppages, and the lack of courts of
Law to adjudicate labor disputes
ks@ LINTON w. MASON,
Evening star., 1950-02-04

O. What per cent of the men in the
United States Army during World War II
actually engaged in combat?-C.' B. w.
A. Approximately 80 per cent of total
Army forces actually saw combat action.
Evening star., 1950-02-04

the same fair trial that the Constitution
requires for people accused of crimes.
I agree with Mrs. Friedman that Congress
should look into this business of railroading
and see to it that no one is committed to
an institution for the insane without due
process of law.
MRS. MARGARET HARTLEY.
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Complains About Lack of Publicity
About Transit Company Gains
rn the Editnr of .I,l,a star.

About Transit Company Gains
To the Editor Of The Star:
The public hears much about the losses
experienced by the Capital Transit Co., but
it does not hear about the gains the Capital
Transit Co. makes.
For instance. whereas streetcars originally
were operated by two men, there now is not
a single streetcar in Washington which is
not one-man operated.
Also, such changes as making the II
street-Bennings road line bus instead Of
streetcar line must have been profitable to
the company.
It might be worthwhile to remind the
Public Utilities Commission of these things.
l. ROSSNER.
Evening star., 1950-02-04

O. What is the length of sea or nautical
mile?-J. NICK.
A. The nautical mile is equal to one min
ute of latitude at the place where the ship
is. Because the earth is not a perfect
sphere, one minute of latitude varies in diff
ferent localities, but the United States
nautical mile is taken as equal to 6,080.20
feet as compared with $3.50 feet, the length
of the statute land mile. 3
@. Is patent ever issued on holiday?
p. C. c.
A. All patents are dated as of Tuesday Of
the week in which they are issued, regard
less of whether Tuesday of that week is a
holiday or not
Evening star., 1950-02-04

@. When did Billy Conn vacate the light
heavyweight 'title?-W. C. M.
A. Conn vacated the light-heavyweight
title on June 8, 1941, to fight Joe Louis. On
June 10, he was knocked out by Louis in
the 18th round.
Evening star., 1950-02-04
Praises Commerce Secretary
For Silencing Bells.

Praises Commerce Secretary
For Silencing Bells.
To the Editor Of The Star:
1t may interest you and your readers that
a veritable revolution has taken place at
good old Commerce Department. Humane
and humanitarian Secretary of Commerce
Charles Sawyer has decided to give the
frayed and jumpy nerves of people working
in his department a well-deserved break
He. very wisely and most considerably, has
abolished the $50 am. and pm. factory
WHISTLE the nerve-wrecking ringing of bells,
thus liberating Commerce workers from the
age-old slavery of behavioristic conditioned
reflexes. Now We are human beings again.
Hurray and hats off to Secretary Sawyer!
A GREATFUL PATENT WORKER.
Evening star., 1950-09-17
Al. Symington Heads
Cathedral Campaign
In District Area

A. Lloyd Symington, partner in
q well-known District law firm.
again will head the Washington
Cathedral campaign for funds.
Under Mr.. Symington'S direc-
ton last year, volunteer fund
raisers of the Washington area
over-subscribed their quota.
This years drive begins October
. and continues for a month. It's
goal will be $50,00O, of which $685.
600 will be used to meet annual
expenses of the cathedral. and
$4,000 will go into the building
fund.
District residents have a special
stake in maintaining the life OF
the cathedral" Mr.. Symington
said, and their support has "al-
ways been a vital factor" in the
cathedral's development as ma
tional center for religious activity
The south transept of the great
church now is being built. When
completed, one whole section OF
the building choir and two
transepts-will be available for
religious services, leaving only the
nave to be built.
E. r. Finkenstaedt, chairman
Of the national drive. which also
begins October 9, will announce
other fund leaders shortly.