davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-07-09
OF the canals future. Gov.
Newcomer says:

OF the canals future. Gov
Newcomer says:
General plans to meet this ex.
pansion by increasing the cana.
facilities have already been made
and could be accomplished eco
nomically in about 10 years"
Because the canal is indispen.
sable to world commerce and tt
United States national defense
the question Of profit from the
waterway is not the sole consid.
Grafton. In terms of dollars anc
cents. however. the canal is ne
losing proposition.
Built at an original cost oi
$3.50. 900 900, the canal requires ar
average annual expenditure oi
$21 100000 for operation and
maintenance. including costs o1
management. medical and munich
pal services. civil government anc
other charges.
The principal source of revenue
OF the canal is the tolls charged
to commercial ships. In 36 years
Of operation the canal has col
lected slightly over $3.50 ,000, 900, OF
which 1000, 900 was from tolls
II tolls had been collected on traffic
entitled to free use of the canal
the total would be $672 ,000, 900
During this period, net operating
expenses before interest have to-
tailed about $378. 100000. The
capital investment is currently
1894, 900. 900.
The complex question Of tolls Is
now up before Congress. United
States ship owners have been
campaigning loudly for q reduc-
tion in tolls. They complain that
they should not bear the national
defense costs of the canal.
In SO years the canal itself anc
the organization which runs IL
have undergone little change. Only
recently two steps have beer
started for an extensive admins
trative reorganization. One o1
these-now before Congress fol
approval - would transform the
canal enterprise into a corporate
type agency to be known as the
Panama Canal Co. The other is
an internal reorganization of divi-
sions and departments into new
Evening star., 1950-07-09
Big Ditch May Soon Become Bottle Neck
Troffic Lood, Bigger
Vessels Show Need
For Expansion
BY Luis 3. NoIi

PANAMA.-The pulse OF world
commerce. beating daily through
the Panama Canal. is being
watched closely for signs that the
time has come for major
engineering operation on the Big
Ditch.
Now. upon the 30th anniversary
July II of its official opening to
commerce. one thing is certain: !:
Time soon will begin to run short
+ for the canal.
The best estimate is that in the
decade between 1860 and 1870
Congress will have to make the
critical decision of what the
Panama Canal of the future will
be. 1t already has q clear-cut
recommendation: Conversion Of
the present lock-type canal to a
sea-level waterway at a cost Of
$2,482.810.000. Construction work
would take about 10 years.
Back in 1916 experts in many
fields began exhaustive studies for
Congress to find out how best to
increase the capacity and security
of the canal. Never attacked in
war, it proved a potent instrument
of United States defense in World
War II. The 50-lnile short cut be-
tween the Atlantic and the Pacific
has too many Achilles heels. A
well-aimed bomb. a determined
saboteur. a suicide ship-there are
too many ways to put the valuable
canal out of commission.
What had it done in WARP The
experts summed 1t up this way in
their report to Congress-:
A-Bomb Threat
1.-THE Importance Of the Panama
Canal in World War II can be
measured in part by the traffic
volume during the war period.
Over 6,400 transits by combat yes
|sels and about 10000 by other
military craft were made during
the war. The loss of the canal
probably would have restricted
military activities and no doubt
would have prolonged the war.
Based on the volume Of military
traffic during the war years, an
approximation has been made of
the monetary saving that has ac-
crued to the United States. This
saving. which is estimated to be
one and one-half billion dollars,
is in shipping costs only, and does
not represent the lives and ma
terial that were saved by a short
ening of the war"
They concluded: "As long as
ships are employed in war, the ma
tional defense requires a secure
isthmian canal"
What would happen in an
atomic war? The experts had an
answer:
"A single direct hit by an atomic
bomb could demolish the twin
lock chambers. all the lock gates
and the emergency dams. =. Lin
gering radioactivity would require
the abandonment Of the lock sites.
One new lane Of locks would
have to be built before the canal
could return to operation. This
would require at least four years.
/. -. The vulnerability Of the pres
ent canal is so marked that
dependence cannot be placed on
It's use in war. :. The canal as
it exists today cannot be consid-
cred as meeting the future needs
of national defense"
But it wasn't defense alone
that entered the picture.
The canal is. primarily. an in
strument Of peace in the service
Evening star., 1950-07-09

more than the Queen Elizabeth
can carry.
"The Elizabeth" cost about
$50 million and has an estimated
normal life on the North Atlantic
run of about Is years. She was
built and being readied for this
service when World War II broke.
Transformed into a troop trans
port. she served meritoriously
throughout the war. Completely
overhauled and restored to her
original mission, she entered the
postwar trade good as new"
Comparative Costs
Ten Comets equipped for the
North Atlantic service would cost
about $12 million, and their period
Of normal life could be as brief as
five years, due more to the advent
Of newer types with greater earn
ing power than to any feeling they
would wear out in that period.
Presently there is strong belief
nearly everywhere that the great
reduction in vibration Of the jet
engine over the conventional
piston engine will enable a sturdy
air frame to survive longer and
undergo less maintenance. Oper-
ating costs per mile or per hour
of operation of the Queen Eliza
beth are a trade secret and SINH
lar figures for the Comet have not
yet been acquired through expert
ence in commercial operation, SO
the debate can end here for the
present.
But the matter is brought up
now to show that. whereas this
time last year the British had a
head start of at least three years
in jet airliner development over us
Git took three years to design and
build the first Comet, they now
have acquired a year, lacking q
few days, of operation experience
at all speeds and attitudes, in the
cold winter of Northern Europe
and the heat and high-altitude
airports of Eastern Africa and
from medium sized airfields in
England and on the continent.
U. S. Still Lags
While this practical and VAL
liable experience was being ac-
quired by the Comet, Americas
policy makers, law makers and
plane makers have been unable
to agree on simple and direct
course Of procedure for the pro-
duction and operation of jet air.
liners to meet the more-than-ever
serious British threat to our DOM
nance of international air COM
merce.
Comes now the turbulent situa-
tion in the Far East and the omin-
GUS implications it has for other
parts Of the globe in the future.
What speedups in plane produc-
ton. development and experiment
tation may be ordered here will be
for military-type aircraft; further
civil and commercial experiment
tation and development will have
to wait for all creative talent, la
Dor and materials will be switched
over to combat types.
Should the British aircraft in
dustry be similarly affected, its
jet airliner development work, at
the worst, would be suspended for
the duration, though the Comet
and other types. are well enough
along either to continue in pro-
duction as high-speed military
transports or be permitted to con-
tinue for further development as
such.
The emergency over. Britain
then would emerge rich in expert
ence with jet transports and with
world monopoly. We came out
OF World War II rich in experience
with prewar designed and war
developed piston-engined trans
ports and with a world monopoly
which we still possess but, no
longer thoroughly enjoy.
Evening star., 1950-07-09

in this experiment than it got
from any Of the previous opera
tionS. We cannot claim the credit
for this because we have the bene-
| fit Of time to plan. The Bikini
tests had to be held as quickly
as possible to determine the effect
of atomic explosions on ships
There was more time for planning
Sandstone (first Eniwetok), but
we have been at this now for more
than a year and have had the best
qualified men in the Government
in the scientific laboratories and
in the universities to help us.
Graves Called Genius
The boyish looking Quesada
|grins with pride when he talks
about his team" DR.. Graves. his
chief deputy. who is in charge Of
the scientific division. has beer
called an atomic genius" and "a
pioneer in the practical applica-
ton of ruclear energy"
DR.. Graves speaks modeStly but
confidently about atomic expert
ments His official title in the
Acc is chief of the Weapons
Test Division Of the University OF
California Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory.
Admiral Hill had staff COM
mand in the Pacific War and was
skipper Of the battleship Missouri
in 1861. A native of Texas and
a graduate of Annapolis, Hill is
the security officer Of the project
The Army member Of the team
lis Brig. Gen. Loper, who is re-
sponsible for the preparations at
Eniwetok and for the controller
work. A native HANSON, he went
to Massachusetts, Institute OF
Technology after graduation from
West Point. Toward the end Of the
war, he was chief engineer for the
Pacific Ocean area. 4
Evening star., 1950-07-09

Paradoxical Situation
The strength of their appeal
lies in the comparative failure of
the present executive dominated
by right-wing leaders who owe
their places not to election but to
government nomination. to OBJ
tain any marked improvement in
workers conditions in the prin-
cipal industries. 1t is most doubt
full whether any Improvement
could have been obtained by trade
union action alone, since the curse
of many Greek industries (eSpe-
cially the tobacco industry is
chronic underemployment which
only long term remedies of an ex-
tremely radical character can
cure. But that will not stop the
Communists from winning votes
by promises of a panacea.
"a In the countryside. on the other
hand. it seems something Of a
paradox to suggest that the COM
munists are going to be the first
to benefit from the chaos and de-
struction which they have them
selves created; but so 1t is-not
for the first time.
A There are. Of course. q number
Evening star., 1950-07-09
Continued From Page CID

to lose and everything to gain ir
party" rewards. party" prestige
and in more tangible ways If the
party" comes to power. The
temptation to compare this situa-
tion with that obtaining in rack
eteering gangs in the United
States is tempting-and not toe
far wrong.
The members Of the 'so-calleo
action units" range from disillu-
stoned intellectuals to illiterate
criminals. from unhappy wives to
ordinary Stalinists. Prisoners who
have been freed from their cells
by Communist troops when enter
ing a village and refugees from
justice-those who have a price
on their head and motive for
staying out of the clutches of the
regular authorities-are particu-
larly numerous in terrorist groups.
The training grounds are located
in the mountains and the forests
of Tonkin, in the northlandS. close
to China. The instructors are usu-
ally products of those schools, al
though the heads. as is true with
party posts generally, have usually
been to Moscow for thorough
training.
Sent to Home Areas
The training includes special
lied instruction in the simple man
ufacture of bombs, in throwing
hand grenades, in the use and inn
Of explosives, in incen-
diarism, sabotage generally, and in
evasion in cities and crowded
areas. Espionage is part of the
schooling.
The students are as often as
sent back into their
home areas to operate. Thus. they
can be expected to get about easily,
and know the terrain from child
hood-often the difference be-
tween capture and success. Thus.
Evening star., 1950-07-09
Greece Fears Communists
Will Be Heard From Auoin
Victory Over Reds Appeared Decisive,
But Revival Is Considered Probable;
Renewal of Open Warfare Unlikely
By c. IA. Woodhouse

ATHENsess than after the defeat of the Greek Com
munst rebels the there
probability of Communist revival.
At first sight this might be taken for nothing than the
ural insecurity people subjected 10 The
communism last all decisive Moreover
Evening star., 1950-07-09
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. C,
SUNDAY .,
British See Bright Future
For Their AII-Jet AirIiners
Held Capable of Providing Britoin's oceon
Queens With Stiff Competition, While
Wrestling Business From Other Air Types
By Frederick R. Nicely

The rst anniversary Of the flight Of the British de Havand
Comet the worlds a-e airliner
successful has been the intensive test flying the past months
jehappy British industry
of sef-mpoed suppressed enthusiasm and burst forth with
startling
Evening star., 1950-07-09


Of self-imposed suppressed ent
the startling prediction that wit
the London-New York airway,
they could carry as many pas
sengers as the Queen Elizabeth
in the same periodT-close to
100, 900.
After the Comets maiden flight
last July ~, wise and experienced
cautioned their people
to refrain from interpreting the
first hight as meaning that Brit
ain would drive all competitors
out Of the air and corner the
world market for jet airliners OF
all types, for all purposes. Most
modest and restrained Of all was
the De Havilland firm, one Of the
worlds greatest, and builders not
only of the Comet but also of its
four De Havilland Ghost jet en-
gines. which declared it had done
no more than made an excep-
tionally good beginning to long
period of development"
Now after flashing about Euro
pean skies for more than 800
hours Of test and development
flying and quite incidentally blast
ing airliner intercity speed rec
ords, and after undergoing Is days
of capitalization and high-alti-
tude airport tests at Khartoum
in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and
Nairobi, in Kenya, East Africa,
the Comet shows SO much promise
that the British aircraft industry
is pitting 1t against the Queen
Elizabeth, not only as competitor
to the greatest OF all ocean liners.
but inferentially as a menace to
the future of all transatlantic
passenger greyhounds.
Many Crossings Visualized
The source Of this unbounded
optimism-and it is a responsible
SOURCES the Society of British
Aircraft Constructors, the long
established trade organization OF
the British aircraft industry.
Buried in semitechnical report,
just received here. on the lease
and simplicity of routine main
tenance Of the jet engine" as ex-
emplified by the four Ghosts that
power the Comet. was this con-
clusion:
"The gas turbine (pure jet en-
gine) will mean a new era Of re-
duced costs for afrlines. Ease o1
maintenance will allow q speedy
turn around on the ground
which will give the jet airliner's
speed the greatest possible advan-
tage. The Comet, cruising at
nearly 200 miles an hour faster
than existing piston-engined air.
liners, will be able to make many
more flights a year than has
hitherto been possible. Nine
Comets working at a utilization
of 1850 hours a year could carry
as many passengers across the At
lantic as the Queen Elizabeth in
the same time"
The Queen Elizabeth, designed
and built for the North Atlantic
service. can carry 1900 passen-
gers on each trip. She makes
from 40 to As crossings a year
and her passenger capacity
ranges from $4,000 to $4,000 for
that period.
Seats 36 Passengers
The Comet. in the London New
York service, would have a ca
pacity Of SO passengers per trip,
but she could make 800 trips per
year. or 10000 passengers per
Comet per year. Nine Comets, it
is reasoned. then could transport
81 200 passengers, or "as many as
the Queen Elizabeth" The arith-
metic stopped there, though one
more computation using 10 Com
cts would produce a figure of 108,-
600 passengers per year. which is
Evening star., 1950-07-09
et Test of Atomic Bomb Is Ironically Misnan1e

| Gen. Quesada's chief of staff is
Brig. Gen. John K. Gerhart, 43
years old. a native of Michigan
and graduate Of the University
Of Chicago. Like Quesada, he did
not attend West Point. During
the war he was commanding gen.
eral Of the 93d Combat Wing
in Europe. He has specialized in
statistical work.
Brig. Gen. Don G. Shingler,
who is in charge Of the work on
the islands, has had wide exper-
experience in rivers and harbors
work and was on missions to Iran
and the Persian Gulf. He is So
years old and a native of New
York.
Gen. Quesada, the captain of
the team, has had a fabulous ca
reer even for the Air Force. An
athlete in his Washington high
school days and later at the near
by University Of Maryland. he en-
tered the Air Service Primary
School in 1924 and was commits
stoned in the Regular Army in
1927. He turned down q pro-
fessional baseball offer.
Quesada Highly Regarded
Much Of Gen. Quesada's peace
time service has been in WaShing-
ton. AS q young officer he was
flying aide to General Fechet, then
Chief of the Army Air Corps; to
F. Trubee Dawson, Assistant Sec
retary of War for Air: to Gen.
Hugh Johnson. when johnson was
NRA administrator, and to Secre-
tary Of War Dern.
When only Is years old, he was
the Junior member Of the crew of
the Question Mark, q three-en-
gined Fokker plane that then Maj.
Carl Spaatz, later Air Force Chief
of Staff, and Capt. Ira Eaker, la
ter general. kept aloft for seven
days by refueling in the air. Sub
sequently he had diplomatic and
| intelligence assignments in Latin
America and in Europe.
During the war, Quesada first
fought in North Africa and then
Italy. He was the first American
to land in Corsica. He went to
England in 1943 to head the 9th
Fighter Command, the largest
| fighter and fighter bomber outfit
ever assembled under one leader.
During the Normandy invasion.
his living quarters-in q truck
were next to those Of Gen. Brad
ley. With Gen. Bradley he worked
out an arrangement, later widely
adopted, to have airmen In tanks
to direct the flyers overhead. He
was a deep student Of radar and
weather maps and evolved new
tactics for fighting under adverse
weather conditions.
Gen. Bradley has told this
writer that he considers Quesada
one Of the ablest air officers he
ever has worked with.
tBy Special Arrangemenl with 1t. Louis
Post-DispatsA)
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1950-08-15

You simply load the clothes, set the controls, add
soop and your work is done. Your Norge pre-woshes
washes rnses double-deep rinses
Damp dries ard fuffs the cothes-ALL AUTOMATi-
CALLY. Let Norge work for you-from the time you
put your clothes into the Norge, until they reody
for line or drer.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1950-08-15
A new HAMPTON ovtoma+ie CLOTHES DRYER
SAVES HOURS! GUARDS HEALTH!
FLUFF-DRIEs CLOTHES In "sYNTHETIc SUNSHINE"
TUNBLEs THE WRINKLES OUT

Whatever the weather, this beautifully designed and
omozineIy efficient Homton Dryer will dry your
clothes fluffy soft, and sweet smelling in motter
of mere mnutesl Actually the time from wringer
spinner to odyfor-ironine is just 5 TO Is min
they'll be dry.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1950-08-15

The exclusive new Honnton "Sun-E-Doy" ultraviolet
roy lamp kills orborne bocterio. and gives your
clothes Synthetic sunshine" they're gently fluff
dried Released gives "sunshine-ond-br
freshness Ron, snow sleet. wind. fog dust moke
no difference to you with your Hamilton Dryer.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1950-08-15

Only Norge washes more thon twice os many clothes
OF one time. Norge regulates the of voter
according to the size of the ood-lieht, medium or
heovy Only Norge has exclusive 5woy action to
wash clothes reoIy cleoner quickly ond gently
Norge hos ornozine accomplishing hot water. soop
Time lobor. honds.
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1950-08-15
' NORGE double copocity
AUTOMATIC WASHER

WASHES OVER 10 POUNDS AT ONE TINE
SAVES WATER, SAVES SOAP, TIME AND LABOR
HAS UNSURPASSED ABILITY TO WASH CLOTHES CLEANER
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1950-08-15
new RONRITE automatic IRONER
Irons Has Two Usobo
vide ReHfuIA uomo Ironing

Ironrte ends ironing drudeery. You sit at your Iron
rite comfortable, cool and reIoxed Your ironing is
done in O fraction of the time with you still fresh
rested and unruffed
lronrte hos oil these wonderful lectures: Smooth.
With ronrite there's nothing finish by hond You ST
pleoted dresses bIouses chdrens clothes smoothly
Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993, 1950-08-15

functional design, adjustable feother-touch knee
trolls; adjustable Rte-Hite casters; hinged 70
board; center supported roll. two Identical open
Do-AII twin pointed shoe thot gives you han
flexbity in automatic ironing
The Nome nugget., 1950-10-27
Arctic Club
 Carnival Nov. 4th

One of the first public events of the winter season will be the forthcoming Carnival" sponsored by the Arctic Club, which is scheduled for the evening of Mo- vember 4th in the High School gym.
 The Carnival committee com posed of Ben Young, Dan Jones, George Beacon, Jim Mclean and Clem Boucher, are busy working on the many phases of the affair which promises to furnish needed entertainment and enjoyment for everyone.
 Many fine prizes ranging from electrical appliances on down to bubble gum are to be won by those individuals turning out for the evenings fun, whether it be to play bingo, wheel of fortune, or the fish pond <. only few of the many games and activities planned for the evening.
The Nome nugget., 1950-10-27

VALDEZ, (P) - Dr. Foster R. Sims, a Palmer dentist, is recov- ering in the Valdez hospital from severe cuts, bruises and shock suffered in a 3OO-foot fall into Keystone Canyon.
 The dentist, here for a weeks dental work, fell when he pulled a tree loose.
 After he regained consciousness, his calls were heard by compan- ion, E. R. Alexander. He helped the injured man to their car on the Richardson Highway.
The Nome nugget., 1950-10-27
Calling All Alaska Businessmen
Who Are Interested in Bringing a New $l00 Million Industry
 to the Territory

The potential value of a well developed Alaska tourist industry is practically without limit, but $1OO million is suggested as an in- itial goal. Every Alaskan has a direct interest in seeing a new basic industry of this proportion established in Alaska. No matter what your line of business, that business will be better if the tour ist industry is really built up to support greater number of Alaskans.
 We've got the stuff-the most beautiful country in the world, wealth of interesting things for visitors to do in all seasons of the year. The demand exists-mil- lions of Americans looking for new places to spend their tourist
 Continued on Page TwO
The Nome nugget., 1950-10-27

CHICAGO, R-The Chicago Daily Tribune said today that "an elaborate and highly efficient handbook system is operating in the main U. s. postoffice build ing.
 The newspaper said thousands of dollars are wagered daily on horse races by bettors among the 15,00O employees in the building at 433 Van Buren St.
 Postal Authorities know of the
 Continued on Page Six)
The Nome nugget., 1950-10-27

ANCHORAGE, (P)-Care of tu- berculosis victims will be avail able at a chest clinic soon to be opened here at the Health Center. Previously only x-ray and diagno- sis were available.
 With the use of additional equipment purchased through the local sale of Christmas Seals the clinic will be able to provide fa- cilities for patients who would otherwise be hospitalized.
 Specialized treatment for per sons released from hospitals but still requiring assistance. and for those who do not require extend ed hospital care, will be made possible.
The Nome nugget., 1950-10-27

ANCHORAGE, (P- Mrs. Es- ther Morrison. fl, was found dead Wednesday morning in the bed room of her home at Whittier, south of here. There was a bullet wound in her head. It was listed as a suicide.
 Her husband is supervisor of the Union Oil Company bulk plant there.