davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
5porisBrie!s

NEW YORK The Anderson IndD team withdrew from the National Basketball Association. IOWA CITY, Ia.-The University of Iowa Athletic Board released Lawrence tPops) Harrison as head basketball coach.
 ST. LOUIS-Tommy Henrich, out fielder of the New York Yankees, left for Baltimore to visit pr. George Bennett at Johns Hopkins hospital to have his left knee examined.
 SCRANTON, Pa.-Al Widmar, St Louis Browns pitcher, said that ii the Browns do not offer him a con- tract for "at least $1O,0O0 this year he will sue baseball in the courts "the way Danny Gardella did"
 NEW YORK Sweet Dream (S7.9O, one of three winners for jockey Eddie Arcaro, captured the Correction Handicap at Jamaica.
 MELBOURNE Barney Ewell, Lancaster, Pa, broke his own two day-old professional 220-yard dash record. He made it in POTS seconds beating his 20.8 seconds set Satur- day.
 MONTE CARLO-Jarslav Drobny, Egypt, won the Monte Carlo Inter- national Tennis Tournament by de- feating Billy Talbert, New York, 6-4, GA, 6-1.
 SALT LAKE CITY-Ike Arm strong, head football coach at the University of Utah for the past 25 years, is full professor now. And that means that by action of the Board of Regents, Ike can work for Utah until he is 65 years of age if he desires.
 NEWARK-Sandy Saddler, 131E New York, last night stopped Rubin Davis, 13O, Philadelphia (D-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
Gus George
Ludwig Nelson

Late corners may still sign up foI doubles and singles in the Elks Ladies League. Doubles to be rolled Monday evening, April IT, at pm singles at 9 pm. Seventy-five per cent handicap will be used in both doubles and singles. Sign up imme diately at the Elks Club bowling alleys.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
B. B. EXHIBITIONS

Final scores of exhibition games played yesterday are as follows: New York (N) IS, Cleveland (A) 8. Cincinnati (N) 9, Boston (N) 2. Austin (BS) 3, St. Louis (A) l. Philadelphia (N) g, Little Rock (SA)
 l (called six innings, rain). Boston (A) ', Nashville (SA) 5. Philadelphia (A) 6, Savannah l. Brooklyn (N) 10, Macon (SA) l. Washington (A) T, Charlotte (TS) Z
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
BIG JEFF HEATH
 JOINS HAMMERS

SEATTLE, April 11ZR-Big Jeff Heath, the hard-hitting ex-major league outfielder, joined the Seattle Rainiers today as the Pacific Coast League club sought to add stick power to it's impotant attack.
 Terms of the contract were not disclosed but the 34-year-old Heath is understood to have received a sizable bonus.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
DOUGLAS
 NEWS
CHILD WELFARE CLINIC

A Child Welfare Clinic will be held Wednesday. April l2, in the Community Methodist church build- ing, with the public health nurse in charge. Hours of the clinic are from to o'clock, pm.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
&sAia69&a Aa9ka

Seattle (Al Gerheauser)
 Sacramento (Marv Rotblatt) at Los Angeles (Bot MuncrieD.
 San Diego George Zuverink ID at San Francisco (Al Lien l-O.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
HOME TO KALISPELL

Mrs. Della Poor left last Friday afternoon on the PAA afternoon flight to Seattle. From Seattle she will take NV Airlines to her home at Kalispell, Montana.
 Mrs. Poor had spent the past winter with her son, " Poor, and family here.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
.uINIOR PROM

The Glass '51 will hold their Jun for Prom, Saturday evening, April IS, in the High School gymnasium, 4 rumor has it that something new has been added this year in the form of King, besides the usual Queen. Everybody is guessing, who is the Queen and who will they pick as King. The Prom is open to the public and good music will provide dancing for all. It is one of the major school events of the year.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11

NEWARK-Sandy Saddler, 131l F, New York, last night stopped Rubin Davis. 130, Philadelphia (O-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
WOMENS CLUB MEET

The regular meeting of the Doug las Island Women's Club will be held this Wednesday evening at the home of Mrs. Milford Marshall. Assisting Mrs. Marshall as CO., hostesses for the evening will be Mrs. Jay Hoskins.
 Joe Tassell, talented young local violinist, will play for the group as part of the evenings entertainment it is announced.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-11
CAA MAN IN TOWN

w. w. Scott. connected with the CAA in Anchorage is registered at the Baranof Hotel
Evening star., 1950-02-12
WHAT MAKES YOU MAD?
Continued from page seven

scored yourself as strongly dis
liking" Items l and 6 (or even
just one of those) you'd better
watch your temper closely when
ever you drive a car. You may be
one of the "accident-prone" driv-
ers who get riled in traffic and
cause more than their share of
accidents.
Ifyou don't drive, Items and6
naturally don't apply to you, but
you might try substituting ques-
tons based on common pedestrian
complaints. How do you react
to the driver who stops in the
crosswalk zone at an intersection,
forcing you to walk around him?
Or the taxi that shoots into the
curb on rainy day, splashing a
shower of mud on your clothes?
If you're particularly. bothered
by Item 7, there's a chance that
you're a misfit in any job which
involves handling tools. You don't
have enough patience. You may
be the person who twists keys
out of shape trying to make
them work; who wrecks a
camera when the film jams.
You'd better keep reminding your
self that inanimate objects respond
best to patient handling. You'll
save yourself a lot of money if
you'll study the situation calmly
whenever you're thwarted by
some instrument.
Items 9 and 10 are samples of
humanity's commonest frailty.
Evening star., 1950-02-12

We're all jealous of our dignity
and rights. It's human to get mad
when someone criticizes us or
infringes on even the smallest of
our privileges. This is the way
most quarrels start. And most
quarrels are needless. They're over
trifes which aren't worth lifting
an eyebrow about.
~Sleep On It!'
lT's always good policy to slow
down and relax whenever you're
annoyed, DR.. Palmer says. If you
can arrange to sleep on it" or
take time to smoke cigarette and
cool off before doing anything
about the source of your annoy
ance, you're likely to find that you
can handle it more wisely - or
that it now doesn't seem worth
handling at all!
The minute you feel yourself
getting thoroughly angry, sit down
and run a balance sheet on your
self. Ask yourself what you'll gain,
and what you'll lose, if you give in
to your temper.
Remember that success in your
work and your social life frequently
depends on getting people to do
something for you," Dr.. Palmer
counsels. Usually they won't do
it - or at least won't do it we'll -
unless they want to. If you're mad
at them, they'll be mad at you and
they certainly won't want to do
anything for you" To sum it up,
DR.. Palmer has a favorite mixed
metaphor: When you carry a
chip on your shoulder, you pay
through the nose" The End
Evening star., 1950-02-12

Two department heads in a fac
tory quarreled constantly with a
vice-president who was their boss.
He brought Palmer in to find out
why. All three were pleasant,
easy going men who ordinarily
got along well with other people.
But one of the department heads
was big numbering bull of the
woods" type; the V. P. spent hours
patiently explaining projects to
him without ever getting him to
do them right. The other super
visor was smart and fast-moving,
but became mysteriously grouchy
whenever the boss sat down with
him to 60 over blueprints.
Palmer discovered that the first
man didn't have the sort of mind
which grasps words readily. He
was baff1ed by verbal explanations
but could get the idea at once
when shown a diagram.
Simple Tuxnabout
HE other department head was
just the reverse. He wasn't visual
minded" and therefore blueprints
always made him mad. Palmer
simply advised the vice-president
toreverse his tactics: explain every
thing to the first man by diagrams,
describe everything orally to the
other. .-
Some people blow up at one kind
of irritation, some at another. It's
important to know what kind gets
your goat. For example, if you
Evening star., 1950-02-12

Heat oven to 350' (moderate) and.
1. In first bowl sift together:
Iva cups II cup plus z tbsp.) siffsd
Softasilk Cake Flour tspoon
lightly, don't paek)
Y cup sugar
"a teaspoons boxing powder
Va teaspoon saIf
Make a well and add these:
VI cup Wessen Oil
z unbsoten egg yolks tmedivm)
- cup water w cup plus z tbsp.)
teaspoon vonilIa
Beat with spoon until smooth.
2. In large second bowl put:
"a cup egg whites tN
VI teaspoon cream Of tartar
Beat into pery stiff peaks, sitter than
for meTingue. DO NOT UNDERBEAT.
,. Pour egg yolk mixture gradually
over beaten egg whites, gently fold
ing with rubber scraper just until
Evening star., 1950-02-12

famous Wesson Oil. A solid shortening just
won't do.
Here's Chocolate Nut Sundae Chiffon.
the newest Chiffon. 1t has special family
pleasing goodness. Wesson Oil takes care
of that, too. With mild, delicate Wesson Oil
you are sure to enjoy that special delicate
Chiffon flavor. *Of General Mills
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
Gilmore, Union To Confer

Peter Gilmore, Alaska Sal mon Industry representative. arrived by plane last night to discuss fish prices for the 1850 season with officials of the United Fishermen of Alaska union.
 Gilmore was here a month ago for a conference with un- ion officials.
 At that time the AS1 offered local fishermen the same prices for salmon this season as last. The union went on strike and picketed all cannery supplies consigned to the island, in an effort to gain higher prices.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
OUR BEST WISHES-in his new venture go to Gene Marian, now owner of the Frontier Shop. Knudsen's.

FOR SALE - Washing Ma chimes. Norge, wringer type practically new. Easy Spin drier, good condition. Prices reasonable. Ironing board,
 hi-chair, child's' rocking chair, presto cooker, new sandwich grill. Mrs. Warren Taylor, next to Mirror office.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

Charles D. Toomey is suing his wife Dorothy Mary Toomey for divorce in an action filed recently. Talmage L. Smith is attorney for Toomey.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
Pssschasing Lots

Mir. and Mrs. Donald, E.. Koznek are purchasing Lots 9 and 10 of the Leite Addition from MT. and Mrs. William Mcdonald, formerly of Kodiak and now of Seaside, Calf.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
Divorce A sked

A suit for divorce has been filed by Pauline J. Rhodes against Bertram s. Rhodes. John c. Hughes is her attorn- ey.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

Grace Sabanoff, now out side, has received trustees deeds to part of lot 10 and part of lot II, both in block IS.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

school girl wants job for summer. Will take care of children during days for working mother. Phone 2131.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

Mrs. Joe Hester, D and A clerk, returned last weekend from Seattle, where she had gone for special medical atten- tion.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

FOR SALE B foot seine boat. Two way radio. Will consider good pickup truck in trade. See Jay Tolbert.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
Divorce Filed

A divorce suit has been filed by Marie M. Miller against Malcolm M. Miller. John c. Hughes is attorney for the plaintiff.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

The Frigidland, Astoria and Suzanne, 'halibut boats, stop ped at the Standard Oil Com pany float this week for fuel and supplies.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
Mowreys Home

Mir. and :. Mrs. Cliff Mowrey returned last weekend from a several weeks trip to Aurora, Ill.,, where they visited Mrs. Mowrey's mother who was i'll.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

FOR SALE - 1941 Chevrolet Club Coupe. Good rubber, good engine, new paint. Clean-good-looking depend able transportation. See Bud Niemi, P. w. Carpenter Shop or 429 Bells Flats. Phone Navy 217. 4-6
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
clossifieds

FOR SALE-Small cottage on Mission Rd. 25 x100 it war ranty deed lot. Move right in. $500 cash. Call 3202.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

ROLL FILM FINISHING Quality Prints and Speedy
 Service Margo Lester Studio
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

Subscribe to the MIRROR
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

STAMP PADS-for your rub Der stamps. At the!MIRROR office. Choice of colors. Also carbon paper.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

TOWN CLUB SUPPER ROOM - Special Mexican dinner, $2.00; King Crab Dishes, $1.00 $3:50; Char broiled tenderloin; Pan-fried chicken; Cocktails. Closed Monday. Phone 4033.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

MUSIC INSTRUCTION - on violin, electric guitar, clari- net, trumpet, piano. Class or private lessons. For appoint ment Call Edna Lee Dixon, 4391. 5-27
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

ENROLL NOW - in summer music classes of violin, cleo tric guitar. Instruments of music furnished with course of study. For appointment call Edna Lee Dixon 1891.
 5-27.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

FOR SALE Rubber stamps made to order, notary seals. Plain or printed envelopes. MIRROR office.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

FOR SALE = Second hand lumber and wallboard. N. M. Chamberlain.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06
FOR SALE-New house fur nished. 50 x 100 fit warranty deed lot. $14OO. Call 3202.

FOR SALE = 1949 Chevrolet pick up, 5000 miles, radio, heater, canopy back. Call Willoughby. Army 55.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

FOR SALE Falcon Camera, like new. 127, f-3.5 lens very reasonable. Also 194O Mer- cury 4-door sedan. See Jay Holman Mission rd. anytime except Sunday morning.
Kodiak mirror., 1950-05-06

FOR SALE-Living room set, bedroom set, kitchen table, miscellaneous odds, $125. Singer power sewing mach inc $60. Call Westman navy 596.
Evening star., 1950-12-18
MINK DYED
KOLINSKY I'm BIG
JUMBO SKINS
$l8 Per Skin

Sale-priced even lower than you'd ex-
pect to pay for the ordinary size!
Exquisitely soft skins, dyed in tawny
mink tones. 4.skin sets.
Evening star., 1950-12-18
SILVER BLUE &
ROYAL SABLE
DYED kOLINSKY
$l2 Per Skin

Silken-soft luxury! Dyed like costly
sable or in the flattering new silver
blue. Glowing pelts in or 5-skin sets.
Evening star., 1950-12-18

Gorgeous full-furred natural baum
martens with superb lustre. Also SEN
son Bay sables, the height of luxury.
3 or 4-skin sets.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27
Settlement

Mrs. Josephine Moser spent the
past week in the homes of her daugh-
tiers, Mr.. and Mrs. Keith Frary and
family in Mt. Vernon and Mr.. and
Mrs. w. Doty and family in Lima.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Bishop and
family recently moved into their new
home on Route II. They had pre-
viously resided near Deshler. Mr..
Bishop deyotes some time as a car
toonist.
James Kemp of Indianapolis visit
ed for a number of days in the Sam
uel Schey home this week.
DR.. Don Falkenberg of Columbus
Ohio, spoke at the st. John church
Sunday morning and at the Bluff
ton high school auditorium Sunday
afternoon. DR.. Falkenberg never
fails to bring to his audiences mes
sages of inspiration. Within the
next few weeks he is to leave on
tour through Japan and other coun
tries of Asia. He has for many
years devoted full time service witt
the Bible Meditation League whlcf
functions in all parts of the world
Mrs. Josephine McCready left fol
her home in Chicago Saturday after
spending the week with relatives
here.
Mrs. Vernon Butler and son Ron
ME of Nappanee, Ind, are visiting
in the home of her parents Mr.. ane
Mrs. Hiram Geiger at present.
Aldine Diller became quite il
Tuesday as a result of heart at
tack.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27

On Saturday, June 3, the forenoon
will be occupied with the Varsity "B"
Breakfasts, the Alumni VS.. Varsity
baseball game, and the annual Box
Ceremony. From lis to 3:15 in the
afternoon the Fiftieth Anniversary
program will be presented, followed
by the crowning of the May Queen,
Lois Rich, at $3.50 2. M. This will
be followed by the Glass Day exer-
cises. The Alumni Banquet will be
held at $50 p. NJ. of this day and
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27
Interest Lacking Here
Tn Primary
Concluded from page u


far behind their normal schedule.
Housewives are busy with spring
house cleaning, and on top of all
that the primary will come right in
the middle of Bluffton's annual
spring Cleanup, Paint-up, Fix-up
drive, which will be launched this
Thursday.
No CAMPAIGNING
Adding further to the lack of local
interest is the almost complete alb
sence of political campaigning by
candidates; generally sensitive ba-
rometer of voter turnout.
On the ballots to be marked at the
polls next Tuesday will be nomina-
tions for u. S. Senator, congress
man-at-large; the state and district
ticket, headed by governor; and Al
len couny offices. Local precinct
committeeman, to represent their
parties on the county central COM
miees, will be the only Bluffton
candidates on the ballot.
Voting places will be unchanged
Precinct A, grade school building
Precinct B, H. S. Library; Precinct
C, Rauenbuhler Plumbing shop; Pre-,
cinct D, Mayors office: Richland
North, Bluffton Town Hall Township
room; Richland South, Beaverdam
Town hall.
Deadline for applying for absent
voters ballots at the court house IN
Lima will be at $50 p. m. this
Thursday, voters were reminded
early this week. The board of cleo
tions will be open an extra two and
one-haIf hours Thursday to accept
applications.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27

follow at 4:45 at the presidents home.
At 600 o'clock vesper service under
the direction of the S. C. A. will be
held.
Speaker for the Fiftieth Anniver-
sary commencement program at 1000
A. M. Monday Morning, June 5, is
DR.. D. Elton Trueblood, of Earlhan1
College, Earlham, Indiana. The Com
mencement Luncheon, formerly part
of the Commencement Day activities
will be revived again this year
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27

the second performance of Macbeth"
will again begin at 500 P. M.
Messiah Rehearsal
In case it is definitely decided to
present "The Messiah, rehearsal will
be held at 1:30 P. NJ. Sunday after
noon, June 4, with the oratorio being
sung that evening at 7:30 2. M. The
Baccalaureate address, entitled "The
Golden Age", will be delivered by
President L. L. Ramseyer at $3.50
p. M. The presidents reception will
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27
Census Count To Be
Done This Week
Concluded from page II

"repeat call' bugaboo, officials
pointed out, for in many cases .enum-
orators are required to make several
stops at some homes before finding
someone to answer their questions.
In every place and every case,
however, they continued, census TAX
ers will continue at work until every
family is listed in the population
count. If necessary the drive will
have to continue on into May to COM
plete the tally of the nations IN
habitants.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27
BlufftOn MObiliZes For
Cleanup Drive
IConcluded from page I D

11OiAI p1S1 -
to the new college gymnasium fund,
and high school seniors will use
money they earn to help finance the
annual class trip to Washington,
ID. G.
Schools also are taking advantage
of cleanup week to get their premises
into shape for the spring and sum-
mer, with an all-college cleanup sci
for next Tuesday and special
cleanup drive planned at the grade
school building during the campaign
Businessmen Sweep Street
Bluffton's Main street will be
among the first spots to feel the
impact of the cleanup drive. On
Thursday morning at 1880
blast of the waterworks whistle
will give the signal whereby
every business man will sweep
the sidewalk in front of his store
and also sweep the street from
the center to the curb. Dirt left
in a pile will be picked up early
in the afternoon by the town
truck.
Thursday evening the street
will be hosed off by the Bluffton
fire department with water from
city fire hydrants it was an
nounced by Chief Guy Corson.
Householders also are urged tc
clean up walks, streets and cutters
| in front of their properties; anc
sweepings may be left at the curl
to be picked up by trucks, it was
announced.
Rubbish Collection
Regular April rubbish collection
will be delayed until the close of the
drive, to give residents a chance
to participate in the campaign be,
fore the village truck begins its
rounds.
Retail stores are cooperating II
promoting the cleanup campaign BY
advertising special items and EN-
phasizing the advantages of unitec
COMMUNICATIVE effort to assure
success of the program.
BY cleaning up deposits of cans
and other rubbish, residents will bt
assisting in the control of mosquitoes
and flies, Mayor w. A. Howe, sale
this week in urging city-wide partici
patton in the cleanup.
Cleanup Buckeye Park
Kickoff of the campaign will come
this Thursday night of this week IN
COMMUNICATIVE volunteer cleanup
of the Buckeye park in which al
residents are urged to take part.
Those participating in the cam
paign are to meet at the park at
p. M, bringing lawn brooms, rakes
axes, baskets, wheelbarrows, shovels
ladders and trucks and trailers il
available. An intensive two-hou,
work program is planned.
Toilets already have been cleaned
and repaired; three sandboxes fo1
children have been ordered and small
swings be installed for little
tots. Plans already are under way
| for installation of a fence around the
playground area and the road viii
be graded thru the park.
Open For Summer
Opening of the park is set fol
next week, it was announced by Ray
Mumma, who is in charge of the
park cleanup ard operation. Wooc
has been cut for fireplaces, ready
for the start of the season.
Additional picnic tables will b.
provided in the park by moving
present equipment from the east enc
of the quarry. Garbage will be pick
ed up at the park once weekly, ant
containers will be provided for refuse
The Bluffton Sportsmen's club viii
pay for the garbage pickup servic
and caretaker service.
Tibetans drink an average of 30 t
| 50 Guns of taa day
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27
Swiss Day Will Be
Commencement Week
(Concluded from page ID

Concluded from page
predominantly Swiss communities,
and the event is expected to be one
of the largest attended during the
many phases of the college COM
mencement schedule.
Work On Program
Final details of the program for
Swiss Day now are being worked
out, and announcement of the days
activities will be made soon.
Celebration of the 50th annivers-
ary of the local college, launched
last fall, will be climaNed during
commencement week this spring.
In addition to graduation exercises
and the traditional May Day
ceremonies. other outstanding events
of the week will include presentation
of Shakespeare's Macbeth by
school dramatic groups, class re-
unions, the usual box ceremonies,
etc.
Reunion Concert
Another feature contemplated is
an anniversary rendition of "lhe
Messiah" providing enough former
singers are planning to return to the
campus for the commencement pro-
gram.
The program for the Commence
ment week end, as it is tentatively
set, calls for the Swiss Day observ-
ance on Friday, June 2. The Fl Delta
Banquet will be held at $50 P. M.
on this day and the first presentation
of Macbeth" will follow at 500 P. M.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27
Home And Contents OF Former
Bluffton Resident Lost In Fire

o'clock in the morning had gained
sufficient headway before being dis
covered that it was impossible to
save more than few of the con-
tents.
Cause of the fire was attributed to
defective electric wiring. The loss
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27

is partially covered by insurance.
Hochstettler and his family are
temporarily housed in an empty
dwelling on neighboring farm. He
is the son of Walter Hochstettler of
near Bluffton.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27

Fire destroyed the home together
with most of the furnishings of
Robert Hochsettler, former Bluffon
resident, living on a farm near
Cloverdale, Sunday, April 16, accord
ing to word received here.
The fire, which occurred at 7:30
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-04-27
Cbambered Nautilus

The chambered nautilus, SUBJ
ject of Oliver Wendell Holmes
famous poem, grows in proportions
SO perfect that each new coil Of
its shell is exactly three times the
width of the coil preceding it, says
the National Geographic society.