davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-07-02

Department have been and still
are unsatisfactory. But even more
important, the committee is con-
vinced that too many disparate
intelligence estimates have been
made by the individual depart
mental intelligence services; that
these separate estimates have often
been subjective and biased. that
the capabilities Of potential enc
mics have frequently been inter-
preted as their intentions, and
that a more comprehensive COLI
lective system, better co-ordina-
tion and more mature and expert.
enced evaluation are imperative.
"The Central Intelligence Agen-
cy is sound in principle, but i'm
provement is needed in practice.
1t Is not now properly organized.
A serious deficiency is the lack Of
am adequate top-level evaluation
board or section. whose duties are
confined solely to the evaluation
Of intelligence, with no RESPONSE
bilities for general policy or ad-
ministrative matters.
Lack of Cooperation
"Coequal improvement in G-2.
FBI, ONI. State Department and
other Government intelligence
services is also essential. Above
all. a spirit of teamwork must
govern interagency intelligence re-
lationships. The Central Intelli-
gence Agency deserves and must
have a greater degree of accept
ance and support from old-line
intelligence services than it has
had in the past"
The buck-passing and evasion
by military and State officials
early this week as to who was re-
sponsible for the tactical surprise
evidenced the present lack of CO.
operation between the departments
and the CIA, which now is at
tached to the White House.
Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillen-
koetter, CIA chief, gave a con-
vincing account of the CIA in
telligence on Korea to the Senate
Appropriations Committee and
changed critics into advocates.
Senators reporting on Admiral
Hillenkoetter's testimony appar-
emily misquoted him when they
had him saying that his agency
did not "evaluate" intelligence
gathered and collated by his
ageE
Adm i Hillenkoetter told the
committee that his group did
evaluate information but did
not recommend policy or action.
Decisions on policy and action, he
said. were the responsibility of the
receiving agencies; If this were
not so, the CIA would be MAX
ing policy, which is not its statu-
(See BRANDT, Page C-5.)
Evening star., 1950-07-02
Pac;f;cO Oeee.,,,.
By Wallace R. Deuel..

make it appear that the free
world is too weak to save its
members and its proteges even
when it tries to do so
Or the Soviets might use the
Korean conflict as trap to draw
I'M the greatest possible American
and allied forces, and then strike
with overwhelming power some
where else where the free world
would have no means Of opposing
the Communist effectively.
Similarly. Moscow might resort
to smaller-scale but still deadly
third degree" types Of operations
elsewhere. perhaps III several crit
ical areas. The announcement
Thursday by the Communist au-
thorities in East Berlin that they
were shutting off West Berlin's
electric power might be an omen
OF worse things to come.
Danger of Weakness
Strikes and sabotage all over
the free world are possible too,
and preliminary security measures
were adopted at sensitive points
in this country and abroad this
week.
In view Of these dangers, why
has the United States intervened
in the Far East?
1t has done so because President
Truman and his advisers unani-
mously agreed that a "do nothing"
policy of continued inaction would
be even more perilous than a
policy of Intervention.
II major war comes, 1t will
be because the Soviets want it to
come. and If they do want a war
there will be one regardless of
what the United States does or
does not do. official Washington
believes.
American weakness would en-
courage the Soviets to want war,
in this view. Americas armed
Intervention. on the other hand,
will give the Soviets pause.
Inaction in Korea-and else
where-would convince the Krem-
lin that it could safely indulge in
further conqueSts in still other
areas. These further aggressions
would. moreover. strengthen the
Soviets by the addition of land,
peoples and resources to Moscow's
Evening star., 1950-07-02
Intelligence Reports Are Futile
Unless They Lead to Decisions
By Raymond P. Brondt

The tactical surprise" by the
Northern Korean Communists
demonstrated that the best ma
tional security intelligence is with
out value unless it is made the
basis of policy decisions and
actions.
Failure Of the Defense Estab-
lishment and the State Depart
ment to act on the increasingly
ominous reports of the Central
Intelligence Agency during the
past IL months that the Com
munists had the Capabilities to
overrun South Korea indicated
there are still fundamental flaws
in the American intelligence Or
ganization and personnel.
Speaking at the graduation ex-
ercises at the National War Col
lege this week, Gen. Omar Brad
ley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, said that the collection
of intelligence was "the front line
in peace as well as war;" He
continued:
1.-THE eternal struggle of intelli-
gence-fi finding out what the en-
emy can do and what he intends
to dds now more exacting be-
cause it includes the difficult
search for technical information
in many new fields.
I'm the United States. where
the art of economic, political and
military intelligence has not been
developed over the centuries, we
are building an over all intelli-
gence agency which combines
the efforts of the several gatherers
of information. Success in this
field will require great and gen.
erous men, both civilian and mill
tary. who are willing to devote
their lives to the important job
of gathering information for Sc
curity."
Gen. Bradley's words clearly
implied that success had not yet
been attained. In speaking about
the "front line of defense" he was
using a thought first publicized by
the Hoover Commissions task
force committee on National Sc
curity Organization" which said:
Intelligence is the first line of
defense in the atomic age. Rec
ognition of its re-eminent role
in defense planning was given in
the National Security Act by crea-
ton of the Central Intelligence
Agency directly under the Nation
al Security Council to coordinate
intelligence activities of the Gov
ernment and to collect, correlate
and evaluate intelligence. The re-
lationships of this agency to some
of the other intelligence agencies
of Government-notably to Ga
Of the Army, the Federal Bureau
Of Investigation, the Atomic
Energy Commission, and the State
Evening star., 1950-07-02
Three Major Risks of Intervention
l AP Newsfeoiures

already dangerously swollen power
BY the same token, new Soviet
conquests would subtract from the
strength of the free world. Weak
er members of that world might
very probably 60 over to the Soviet
side in much haste, if they thought
the United States was unable or
unwilling to oppose the Soviets
effectively.
IF we hadn't acted, the Chinese
Communists could have taken
Formosa by merely sending a noy
across from the mainland in a
rowboat to accept a surrender, .
one Of this country's wisest and
wittiest diplomats said here this
week. "At most all the boy would
have needed. besides the rowboat
would have been a couple of silver
bullets"
Thus in the end America would
have had to fight Russia under
worse circumstances than those
which prevail now-or might even
be so weak and isolated that it
would not be able to fight at all
Moral and legal" considerations
also required that the United
States intervene in East Asia, in
the official view.
The North Koreans are the ag-
gressors beyond any possibility OF
doubt or cavil. They have been
stigmatized as such by the United
Nations own Korean Commission
and by the U. N. Security Council.
US. Morally Right
The council has demanded that
the Communist forces withdraw to
their own territory and has called
upon all U. N. members to help
the South Koreans and to refrain
from helping the Communists.
Thus morally and under the
u. N. Charter, the United States
has been completely in the right
at every step, and the Communists
have been completely in the wrong,
as official Washington sees it.
If the North Koreans flouting
of the U. N. is not halted, then
there can hardly be a moral or
illegal" case for trying to halt
any act Of aggression whatever
in future.
The United States has a mil
(See DEUEL., Page C-2)
Evening star., 1950-07-02

America runs at least three
major risks in intervening in East
Asia, and most particularly in its
resort to force in Korea-the risk
of becoming involved In q new
world war; the risk of being de-
feated in South Korea even il the
conflict there is localized and
the Soyiets. do not intervene too;
and the risk of having major
forces pinned down In Korea
whereupon the Soviets might strike
elsewhere with relative impunity.
A world war might grow out
of the present crisis in either one
of two ways:
First. the Soviets might go to
war deliberately and openly,
either in Korea or elsewhere, and
either with or without formal
declaration.
The best judgment here still is
that the Soviets do not want a
major war, and that they will dc
nothing they think will cause one.
Moscow expected its North Kor-
can stooges to over-run South
Korea so swiftly that the rest OF
the world would be neither able
nor willing to do anything about
it. in this view.
Russia Might Intervene
But there is no guarantee that
this Judgment is correct. War Is
still possible, moreover, even II
the Soviets don't want it, and
even If they try to avoid 1t, for
they can miscalculate.
Thus they might intervene on
a larger and larger scale in the
Korean conflict, without admit
ting they were doing so and with
out meaning to become involved
in major war, and this process
could cause the hostilities to in
tensify and spread beyond any
body's ability to control them.
A Communist victory in a pure
ly local conflict in Korea would
also be a major misfortune for
the United States and the whole
free world, although clearly not
as great a misfortune as a new
world war. The South Koreans
might be defeated In spite of all
the help the free world can give
them, and such a defeat could
Evening star., 1950-07-02

of our 'peace-t1me military eStab-
|lishment. When we have moved
into position the forces which we
have ready. there is very little in
reserve to back them up, except
after long period of time has
elapsed for training men and pro-
curing new aircraft. weapons and
equipment.
Perhaps the present demonstra-
ton in the Pacific will help us to
understand the need for closing
this time-gap, expensive though
that procedure will be.
Carriers Lack Reserves
For example, consider the Navy's
position in the Pacific. 1t is upon
the Navy that the initial major
burden of trans-Pacific operations
must fall. It is the Navy which
has the mobile force to cover these
vast distances. to guard a front
which extends from Indo-C China
to Korea and Japan, to provide
the reserve power which can be
thrown in quickly along any part
Of that front, to secure the sea-
borne supply lines by which the
sinews Of power (the shiploads
|of fuel, ammunition and supplies)
may be brought from the United
States to the operating forces.
When President Truman issued
his historic order for immediate
air and sea assistance to the in
vaded Korean Republic and an
nounced American intent to pro-
tect Formosa, Indo-C China and the
Philippines from Communist ag-
gression, the Navy's strength in
the Pacific centered around five
fleet aircraft carriers-the Valley
Forge, in the Far East: the Boxer.
on the way home from the Far
East. but now probably turning
back; the Philippine Sea, pro-
ceeding now to Pearl Harbor or
already there; the. Kearsarge and
Oriskany, available on the West
Coast Of the United States. Since
each of these carriers operates 80
aircraft (54 fighters and SO at
tack-bombers) the five of them
together represent a formidable
assemblage Of striking power.
\ But if they have to fight. apd
suffer losses. replacement Of air-
craft lost will become q serious
problem. for there is no reserve
Of modern planes. Speeding up
production to meet replacement
needs will take a year or more.
Meanwhile, obsolete aircraft from
the ''mothball" reserve would
have to be used. This may not be
q serious difficulty against the
scratch air forces of the Chinese
or Korean Communists. It might
be fatal If our opponent were the
Soviet Union.
The position of the Air Force
Evening star., 1950-07-02

LONDON. - Accommodating re-
ports, with scattered paragraphs
in Russian papers, that the Soviet.
by development of air transport
and roads and plans for building
railway, is gradually converting
Sinkiang (also known as Chinese
Turkestan) into a Russian prov
ince are certainly much nearer the
truth than many Asiatic rumors.
For many years all indications
have been that Russia meant to
get Sinkiang, as she has got Outer
Mongolia. Her plans were notably
advanced when, in the 1930s, the
Chinese governor called in Rus
sian troops and planes to save
him from the revolt of the Moslem
Tungan and Turki tribes. But
the First World War checked fur
ther Russian moves. Now with
China under the Communists the
field is clear again.
The strength Of Russia's posi-
tion today is that, UP to a point.
she can claim to be acting within
her legal rights. In 1899 she
concluded a 10 years agreement
with China for the development
of air transport In Sinkiang. This
was to be under joint Russo
Chinese management, but China,
having then been invaded by
Japan, never took any part in the
scheme.
Strategic Spot
Just year ago Russia extracted
from the phantom Kuomintang
government, then in refuge at
Canton, five years extension of
this agreement, which gave Russia
exclusive rights to all air transport
from Alma Alta, capital of Russian
Turkestan, across Sinkiang to
Hami (from which all the main
trade routes diverge), on the bor-
ders of Kansu, and with this, ex-
elusive control Of all air stations
in Sinkiang. Today China cannot
legally fly a single plane in Sin
kiang. Yet in the Russo Chinese
Treaty signed by Mao Tse-Tung
Chinese Communist leader, last
February. no mention whatever is
made of this typical piece of
Soviet t-imperialism, nor indeed of
Sinkiang at all.
Last March Russia further REIN
forced her hold on Sinkiang by
agreements with Peking for the
formation of two joint stock COM
panies to develop the oil and
metals OF Sinkiang. Prominence
was given to the equal sharing OF
the management. with q Russian
chairman and Chinese vice chair
man changing places every three
years. But such arrangements
Evening star., 1950-07-02

ment's aggressiveness and Mos
cow-inspired insults by their pup
pets. Our citizens-with or with
out diplomatic status-have beer
persistently insulted, molested OF
imprisoned without reason.
An American cargo ship sent
last year to South Korea was hi
lacked by Moscow's northern
puppets. We sent diplomatic pro-
tests which were ignored. Ameri-
can diplomats such as our Consul
General at Mukden, Angus Ward,
and his staff, were imprisoned
nine months for no other reason
than to make us lose face with
Soviet satellites in Asia and Eu-
rope. In days gone by such &C
tions would have brought ener-
getic retaliation. But in the hope
that we might be able to main
tain even a precarious peace in
the world, our Government ac-
cepted those insults with a true
Christian spirit, by turning the
other cheek.
Daring Challenge Accepted
We burdened the already heav-
lily taxed citizens with further
heavy contributions in order to
build up the shattered economics
of the nations involved in the
last devastating war. Our Gov
ernment ignored vital military
strategic considerations and shut
its eyes to Russia's arrogant ag-
gressiveness in the hope that
eventually the men in the Krenl-
lin might relent and decide to CO.
operate with the rest of the world.
The attack on Southern Korea,
planned in the most minute de-
tails in Moscow and bearing the
earmarks. in its execution. of the
Soviet general staff caused the
already full cup to overflow. We
could take so much but no more.
Our. momentous decision to
throw active American forces to
the support of South Korea was
not prompted solely by the desire
to save that republic. It was a
daring challenge from Moscow
which, if not accepted. would have
created within the next few
months similar situations all over
the world. President Truman
finally realized that the peace of
the world could not be maintained
with good deeds and fine inten-
tions. He realized that the time
comes in every nations life when
force must be answered by force.
With the full appreciation that
our physical intervention in Korea
may mean the unleasing of the
third world war, he took the
necessary risk.
If Stain is bent on world con-
quest on a larger scale than Hit
Ter, appeasement and good words
were of no use. He had to be
shown that America, the leader
of the remaining free nations was
Evening star., 1950-07-02

Communists Finally Good Our
Patience to the Breaking Point
After Closing Its Eyes for Five Years to Red
Aggressveness and Insults, u S. Accepts
Koreo Challenge Regardless of Consequence
BY Constantine Brown

Moscow selected Korea-by msake-to test the long
patience people, struggle
thaeAac peninsula not result in
Government backed by the overwhem
American people, regardless political color
accepted Kremin challenge whatever the
to
Evening star., 1950-07-02
Pocific Operations Exposing
Americas Lack of Reserves
Our Losses in Aircraft Will Present Serious
Problem, Forcing Use Of 'MothbuIled Planes
Until We Stort Making More Modern Types
By George Fielding Eliot

the Pacific Ocean demonstration the
traordnary ability of striking
force the rim of continental land The mobility
forces has in this respect advantage
forces especially when the latter not supported
ong-range aviation
But we demonstration weakness
Evening star., 1950-08-18
APTS. UkFURN. Cont }

house aAscE e ao:sss dooss ae.ssd a s80:' st
N. Vermont st.. No: Arlington; va;;
stove; Sosa eonV,; price. S1ae mo. Phons
BkADIGY IA. LEY BLVD. APrs.-AvaiI:; q
bsdrn; aptS,' $94.6o and S99;5o.
s Veterans pr preferance. HsSi .' e7oi Rillan.
dale I'd, Oh. Ch., Md. OIL. 3240;
ONCE hours, 9 to s, Mon. thru Fri.
SILVER SPRING. MD.-spacious /
and 2-bedroom apts.: newly deco
rated. MANCHESTER GARDENS,
81 s11o II Tahons a'.t,. dr,. ~, ~; 1904. and
kitchen; Ist floor. private entrance.
BkEiNrWooD, fEi 1e6D MD.-Liv. rm.. mig bedrm.,
kitchen, dinette. bath; settled cple.
or g teachers; in Mce home; no
%A ShldrsR s5&a ssS g., mS Ssa al ut: t... turR
ONE Sfs1sEEis E.BEpRM. APT. AVAIL, 2 biks.
shopping center and bus; 10 min.
TO Pentagon; $62.59 mo. Call MR..
AR4fkETG;NMisdo RIEKETT; IA aolSSo' S OAK so 50
large efficiency. SO; rsdecorsted;
1aao e5u9'hz CHAFiS gfs sr. 0S NV. iansp Apt. 5S
rms. KIT; and bath. $65.45; adult
cple. preferred.
TWo-BEDRooM APT. avail: very
bedroom suite is purchased. Apt.
EOS 10th ST. N.E.-3 rooms and
bath; utilities furnished; newly dec
TaKoaA 3lkseS PARK. MD.-5 large rms.
bath; adults only; in 3 family apt.
house; 500 plus utils. 81. 7474;
BEDRM. APT.-61oo blk. ard st.
COUP ooSpa PVT rent snsf s5e 1na 80 DS. 5 ter
TAKoMA PARK, Md new apts.,
$75 to SS2 so; liv. rm.. dinette. kit,
esdTm ste4es 81 s ea5s 5s dsys g H Puf 56 nd
PENTAGON. s MINUTES-4 rms. and
bath; st fioor;, completely. pvt; all
elec: kit unit; large fsnced-in yard;
w 1saS iss0 s fS0R: AS51fa g. dsss
bath; entire srd 4; ggiet. GENTLE
ss17ss BITS; aSs5i eRofFufT FL F2 s30s sE, Jus. of
Minn. ave new 1-bedrm. apts.. 5
exposures; large rms. pvt. entrances,
full Easements, private yards; 10
minutes downtown; close to bus,
schools, churches. stores. Open for
iHSdgfSei fNdToN % 4 son. ofh NAs ss2S. Wao
24O 34th ST. Sc, Just off MINI.
ave-: 2-bedrm. aptS., 3 exposures;
large rms; 10 minutes downtown;
close to bus, schools, churches, stores.
Inspection by appt. GEORGE Y.
WORTHINGTON g. SON. MA. 1928.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
WESLEY HALL,
ROOMS, APTs. TO SHARE

GIRL OR COUPLE to share attractive
Jewish home; kitchen privil.; televi-
sion. EN- G732.
APT. SHARE-cple. or two girls;
pvt. rm.; all conveniences: new
1sth sds NWcosets eRIel sfsasD e.1atoT M aSgo hotel
envir.; clean rm.. well furn.; ref.
girl. $3.50; S22. Ho. 1854, RIM; "a.
1915 s ST. N.w.-Twin beds; s22.6
per month; young man. 1880.
BTCK1NGHAM TC Se2aA APT, cool and I've Very
attrae.; to share with refined, con
Pentason and town: $45 per mo.
For further information, call MRS.
R. M. JONES, cH. 32O5 after 6;15
APARTMENT TO sHARE-ss5 mo;
block bus. Glebe 44oO. Ext. 77s.
SETTLED wIDowER, with 3tbed-
room, modestly furnished apart
ment; NV. sec, conven. transporta-
ton; will share, with settled, couple
an and posbtqa baPe tS ennd sUx se
SHARE spacious. 9-rm. house, nicely
tturIn.; Sony: shopping, trans; utils;
other girls: early eos. CO. 1892
after T. 10
YOUNG WOMAN desires to share her
spacious apt. in s.e. Washington
with 2 congenial young women. 20
Call Ii. 3-5326. MRS. BAILEY. 10
TWO LAW STUDENTS desire Jewish
man. 20-27, to share apt. Call
2 GIRLS to share lg. apt. with 2
other girls. downtown location. After
MAN TO SHARE ne modern, 2 bed
rm., excellently-furnished apt. with
another. Ii. 4-9296. after g. 49,
CONGENIAL GIRL to share nicely
| furnished apt. with another girl
| can MI. 25Oa. after g. Id
Evening star., 1950-08-18
FARM g GARDEN

FLAGSToNE WALKS. terraces. fire-
pI:eS, fishponds, retaining walls,
Xs dra5nags; sHrErHo al EinSs q RoS,ta cement 3
LHSDscAPiNG, grading. plowinE;
sodding, top soil, drivewayS and
porches, cement and brick work;
also tractor for hire. HU. s295, Hu.
pRIVEWAYs. ROADS. PARKING lots;
surfncing blacktop: concrete cinders,
bank gravel. Bulldozing. Landscaping
In all phases. Water prooting. tree
removal and trimming. Free est
EoSfGRY SS iYSiT TTiLLER, ME-. new; will
trade for old garden tractor. Terms.
vRofN VIZ HSO4SoSson ToPson, best quality; any
auGntity; quick delivery; driveway
gravel. Ress. Ii. 4-7634' Ii; D.
Plant SHADE TREES. shrubs and
ali other nursery stock now. We also
specialize IN soddinE; For free S est I,
mates, call LYONS NURSERY
e1o2 Assr road: Hyattsyille' IsS Nc.
T.rslH Z. cHh 47iS TRaSToR' q SniGP eSgs
&c" fully hyd.. Si,335. MALo-
NEYS, INC, Silver Spring, SH. $3.50.
MALL CHAIN SAW. sales and service.
MALoNEY's. INC, Sl26 Georgia
ave, Silver Spring, Nd.
NEW EQUIP.-Int. Harvester Farmall
cub, super A.C.H.M. tractor and com
plete line of farm equip. New Idea
and Int. corn pickers, New Holland
bailers and corn hsrvesters, Lou
doun barn equip, sprayer-dusters'
1,oo0-bu. grain bin: parts and serv-
fee. Used eauip-F-12 and F-20 on
22I cultivator, F.2o mower. MA
LONEY'S, INC, Silver Spring. SH.
$3.50.
ToP SoIL-Very good rich top soil
for lawns and .EEeendhSoSyses; very
Trees REMOVED. trimmed. etc;
fully insured; very low rates; free
estimates. WI, 7o26; WI. 1850. -26
TOR SOIL, I'LL dirt and manure;
trimming and removing. SH. 6llO.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
ROOMS, HOUSEKEEPING

LGE. FRONT RM.; Frigidaire: suit
able cple. or 2 girls. HU. 3947.
I74O r ST. N.W.-"The Churchill"
efic. apt, comb. bed.-liv. rm., kitch-
enette; maid service; linens; sec
1889 18th ST. N.w.-sgle.. clean
LII k. rm., elec, refgr.. gas stove
running water. inner-spring mat
treSs; walking dist downtown: S35
18th ST. AND SPRING RID. NV, IN
apt. bldg. Homelike studio rm.
din. kit. linens. phone; $50 mo-; z
girls or couple GE. 4156.
1874 MASS. AVE. N.W.-"The Oak
mont; attractive studio rm., twin
beds, lge. all-elec. kit; $50 mo
1854 QUE ST. NV, The Kennert-
L.h.k. room, very lge., Frigidaire;
next to shower; weekly rate. lis
302S 18th ST. N.W.-Large hskpg
rm.; gas plate. refgr; dble.; S12
HO. 9550 before 4 pm. is
THOMAS CIRCLE. 1924 Mass. ave
n.w.-Studio and sgle. rms. avail.
laundry and parking facilities, refgr
e147 F ST. Nw.-cool bsmt. studio
rm.; refgr., radio or TV., pvt.
shower; Sl3-S20 EX 0653 -21