davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-05-30
S64 Judicial Question: HowFree Is Speech:

interested in preventing the spreading
Of Communist doctrine. And the spread
ing Of that doctrine. at least in this case.
isn't q matter of clear and present
danger" In fact. speech isn't involved
in this case at all. What is. then?
Action. said the court. Justice vinson
argued that the TIL section In question
was intended to protect the public. not
against Communist ideas, but the things
Communists do: Pulling strikes that in
terfere with interstate commerce. for in
stance. Therefore. the law is all right
because Congress has q right to protect
interstate commerce.
Still. it wasn't q unanimous decision.
Justices Reed and Burton agreed in full
with the VinSon opinion. Justices Jack
son and Frankfurter agreed In part Jus
tice Black dissented.
This is not the first time in recent
years there has been split thinking on
the high court about freedom of speech
In 1s4s. the court split to on the
case OF Father Arthur Terminiello, a
Catholic priest. He had made q fiery
speech in l946 in Chicago. Stink bombs
and bricks were hurled, and the court
ACSOAN says tuC SbICSIS were
black with a surging. bowling mob"
which the police couldn't control.
The Chicago trial judge fined the
priest 500 for disturbing the peace.
But Supreme Court majority ruled
this was unconstitutional.
Justice Jackson. one of the four JUS
tices overruled by the other five, pro-
tested this was certainly case of clear
and present danger" He thought the
fine should be upheld.
On freedom of speech issue in June
1s4S, the court ruled, to 4. that local
police mev not regulate the use of
sound true and loudspeakers.
But in January, 1949. the court fol-
lowed this with another 5-to-4 decision
that city may stop altogether the use
of sound trucks and loud speakers.
ASSOCIATED Press)
Evening star., 1950-05-30
Martial Music

What call to arms, i0hat ranks OF march
ing feet.
What bu0Ie ecltoing along the years
Can stir the pulse to such iDfld, thunder.
ous beat?
What roll OF drums compel the sur0ino
tears?
Older than memories that scar the heart
Emotions rise from treasures dim and
cast;
The listening spirit knoiGs itself part
OF all the suffering ages Of the past.
And here today tohere heroes lie asleep.
The tDdrs OF all the centuries merge tn
As martial music speaks TO all p1to fDeep-
And stu must tOeep until oil spdrs BE-
done,
When drum and buDle-cau Joreper cease.
DTotcned IN the high, tytRm piIant song
OF peace.
nSEz BARCLAY KIRBY.
Evening star., 1950-05-30
Memorial Day

Smonides wrote for the heroes of Their
mopyae the epitaph: Stranger, bear this mes
sage to the SpartanS that we lie here obedient
to their laws" The sentiment thus expressed
was praised by John Ruskin centuries later as:
''The nobleSt group of words ever uttered by
man." It was adapted by an unknown hand for
the Wagon Hill Cemetery at Ladysmith in South
Africa to read: "Tell England, ye who pass this
monument, that we who rest here die content"
and the same ideal has been applied elsewhere
in reference to the fallen brave of World War I
and World War II.
But language, however beautiful, never sue
ceeds in conveying from one mind to another the
spiritual message of sefless dedication and sacri
flee which motivates those who give their lives
for nation. Mere sounds of the lips and the
tongue, mere printed symbols are at best paltry
substitutes for the dynamic force of sacred
patriotism. No civilized community truly lives
without manhood willing to defend it's existence.
Year In and year out, in seasons of peace as well
as in those OF strife and conflict, every society
worthy of name requires men to put the COM
mon good above personal welfare, personal
survival Repeatedly within the experience of
current generations this principle has been
demonstrated Each May 80 we pause for &C
knowledgment of the resultant debt.
And while we bow our heads in memory of
the Oedu WIlO Qleu our COuIlGIy duu LIS
Institutions of freedom may endure, we realize
our kinship with the Spartans at Thermopylae
and with all others who have served humanity
with their blood. The feeling of gratitude and
reverence which inspires Memorial Day is an
instructive reaction to our history as Americans.
We know our obligation we are profoundly
conscious of our responsibility to the fallen
heroes of the past.
But something more is needed. Simply turn
ing aside for a ceremony of remembrance Is
meaningless unless we can make the remem-
brance an authentic power in our own lives and
aspirations. We, too, must be obedient to the
elemental laws of civilized society," The ordeal
of the ancient Greeks has been matched in our
own time and by our own suffering. We are
shadowed today by danger as threatening as that
of the Persians of old. If we are not to perish
under the blight we must translate our appre-
citation of our forerunners into patriotism equal
to our need.
Otherwise, living in honor or dying in de-
served defeat, we cannot be content; we cannot
look into each others eyes without shame. The
choice is before us, not to be shirked, not to be
avoided in these compelling years.
Evening star., 1950-05-30

TIL goes like this: 1t is unconstitutional
because it interferes with the right
of union officials freely to express their
political views by joining the Commu-
mist Party.
The case finally was brought before
the Supreme Court for decision on
whether this part of TIL violated the
Constitution. Only six Of the nine JUS
tices took part in the decision. The
vote was to /, saying the act was con-
stitutional.
Chief Justice Vinson issued a long
opinion. Summed up. 1t said
Freedom of speech isn't involved. But
another part of the Constitution is in
volved. That's the part giving Congress
the power to regulate commerce among
the States.
The Government in this ease isn't
Evening star., 1950-05-30
Accusations and Acts

Despite the eloquent words Of officials.
despite the administrations warnings of
serious injury at home and abroad caused
by charges of subversive influences In
Government agencies, one fact stands out.
The greatest injury to the reputation of
any agency, of any administration, is
not caused by wild accusations from
its opponents, but by its own acts. by its
errors, accidental or otherwise, of onnis-
sion and commission.
If a considerable segment Of the Ameri-
can people had not already become con-
vinced that there was something wrong.
then the accusations in the current con-
troverSy over security risks in the Govern
ment would not have had such far-reach-
ing repercussionS. Those accusations,
regardless of their merit, their wisdom,
their justice. are result, and not cause.
When people began to realize that the
victory in the war, which had been won
at such sacrifice, had been permitted
through mistakes and folly to degenerate
into tragic defeat Of the peace. they
were bewildered and dismayed.
When the long established policy of
friendship with Nationalist China and
protection of American interests in
China-a policy for the maintenance Of
which the war with Japan was fought
when this policy was scrapped, and a
policy that many regard as pro-Com-
munist was substituted. large numbers of
Americans were revolted. It made no
difference whether this new policy was
dictated by Communists, communistic
sympathizers. fellow travellers. unscrupu-
lous individuals on the make. honest
dupes, sincere though misguided ideolo-
gists; or whether it was mainly intended
to permit the administration to save face.
The result to the American public was
the same. Many regarded the new policy
with suspicion and anger. When the
funds for the aid of Nationalist China
funds voted by the Congress at the re-
guest Of their constituents-were with
held by the administration or SO long
delayed as to be useless. the public lost
confidence in the intentions of the ad-
ministration.
When the efforts Of Congress to clean
the Aegean stables were met with op-
position in high places and the cry of
"red herring; when the people were
blandly told to wait for the dust to set
tle," while the free world crumbled-then
no amount of impassioned oratory or the
voicing Of lofty sentiments could undo
the harm.
T.. M. johnson.
Evening star., 1950-05-30
Strength, Ideas and Germany

The story of Berlin at Whitsuntide offers
dramatic illustration of how Western firmness
and preparedness serve to restrain the Kremlin
and its puppets from acts of subversion or ag
greSsion in areas where sufficient power and
determination exist to meet all such adventures
head on.
Some weeks ago, in their advance propa-
ganda, the leaders of the Communist-controlled
Free German Youth" openly boasted and
threatened that the Whitsun demonstration
would include gigantic, putsch-like march by
100000 young people into the forbidden Anglo
French American sectors. But the Western
Powers promptly replied with solemn and un-
equivocal warnings that they would be fully
prepared to suppress such move with physical
force, including machine guns and artillery if
necessary. So the whole show has come and
gone without violence its instigators and
directors having been particularly careful to
keep it confined entirely to the Soviet zone.
Yet, even though France, Britain and the
United States-together with the hard-to-
frighten Germans in the West Berlin regime
thus have reason to be pleased with their ham
ding of the situation, and even though the
event confirms the value of strength as an anti
Red deterrent, nobody should belittle the sig
nidcance of the rally as measure of the
Kremlin's recruiting efforts in Eastern Germany.
Potentially at least, the hundreds of thousands
OF youths who took part-uniformed, well drilled
and all in the process of Marxist indoctrnation-
must be regarded as kind of incipient army of
fanatics. The only difference between them and
the young men and women who staged similar
paradeS under the Nazis is that they are being
trained to he'll Stain instead of Hitler. Clearly
enough if they mature that way, they will be
tough totaltarian tools of the Kremlns
dominance seeking policy.
Besides being subjected to regimentation
designed to bind them to the Soviet Union these
young people are being taught to hate the
Western Powers as warmongers responsible for
the partition of Germany. They are being pre-
pared, physically, mentally and otherwise, to
take over their country and convert it into
Red satellite when, as and If the occupation
ends. This is a threat that must be countered as
vigorously as possible and one of the good steps
to that end-a step taken in timely fashion at
Anglo-French-A American challenge to the Krem-
lin to join in framing an election law to pave the
way for German political and economic unifca-
tion under conditions of guaranteed freedom and
democratic independence
The Soviet Union, of course, will not accept
this challenge unless and until it is ready to
give up its plan for dominating Europe. Here is
fact that needs to be driven home to the
population-young and old-living in the Eastern
zone The West cannot check the Red drive by
physical strength alone, vitally important
though that is. In the struggle for the German
mind, ideas-truthful propaganda-is weapon
of the greatest value. If we make good use of
1t, the Russians will be hard put to win the
youth of Germany to their side.
Evening star., 1950-05-30
In Defense of Korea

The young Oriental could run no far
ther. He had pushed on desperately in
the gruelling race, but the strained leg
that had plagued him for week before
the great day now forced him to halt
wearily and to bend over and rub it.
tired young American logged by, but
the Korean boy no longer cared. The
pain in his leg had won.
Suddenly he heard shout, 1.-THE
Koreans have won first and second
place!" The pain was gone. Elation and
the sure knowledge that he must pass
the man ahead of him lifted Choi Yum
Chill from his defeat and sent him for
ward in that unbelievable 100-yard squirt
that did make Korea winner of the first
three places In the Boston Marathon on
April 10.
This is the spirit of modern Korea.
The fire of patriotism which smoldered
through whole generation of Japanese
rule has broken out in her people today.
In Korea itself, the energy of this fire
is shown in almost superhuman efforts
to rebuild their economic position. in
land artificially divided in the center,
with only its agricultural section ac-
cessible to the new republic. This en-
ergy, too, breaks out in excited differences
of political views. Nowhere are election
campaigns more vigorous than in Korea,
where the country is now preparing for
its second free election on May 80.
Democracy is having a real workout in
Southern Korea.
In our own country we can see this
fire in action among many of Koreas
students. These young people are keenly
Evening star., 1950-05-30

ness personnel in this town. or white
collar workers in any other town. Fur
thermore, in many cases, no special train
ing or effort is needed to hold a fairly
lucrative position, while in industry jobs
are highly competitive.
Mr.. Denham's statement that the
United States cannot afford to take
care of their older people is downright
silly. I wonder If he or some of his
friends in Congress feel similarly when
they vote for the Marshall Plan, or
for some other bill to help shaky Euro
pean governments withstand the advances
Of communism. Certainly this is one case
where charity should begin at home.
Thanks to the efforts of men the cali
Der Of James Carey, pensions will be an
actuality in spite Of men like Robert
Denham.
Irene Moore Van Eckhardt.
Evening star., 1950-05-30
Need for Western Market

Can't we somehow stop the threat that
our beloved Western Market is to be
taken from us and a multiple garage
built in its place?
All stalls in the market are occupied
and the owners themselves have spent
much money in painting and otherwise
dressing up the market. The city can
not complain that it does not pay.
One has only to walk through it on
Saturday and see the crowds buying-or
any afternoon or on Friday nights when
it stays open until nine oclock-to realize
it is filling an urgent neighborhood need.
The majority of customers seem to be
young housekeepers of this section, with
small children for whom long trip on
bus or streetcar to Center Market is
out Of the question. Not many Of them
have automobiles. The small shops Of
the neighborhood are nice, but they nat
urally cannot have the freshness and
variety of a city market with its addi-
tional curb mart on Wednesdays and
Saturdays, when the nearby farmers
bring their products.
We do need our Western Market!
E. sc.
With great interest, read the letter
of Mrs. Theresa Russell, concerning the
suggestion to destroy our Western Mar
ket in order to build mammoth garage.
To do this seems to me unwise. The
market is most useful to all in this
section. and with our many apartment
houses, our need for it increases daily.
OF course there is need of more space
for automobiles but it can surely be found
in some less valuable place.
Lydia Mantle Fox.
Evening star., 1950-05-30
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

O. What is the meaning Of "Hemero.
callis'? Day lilies belong to this genus.
M. M.
A. This Greek word means beautiful
for day" The genus Hemerocallis COM
prises about dozen wild species Of lily
like herbs and several hybrid forms re-
Gently developed.
Evening star., 1950-05-30
Questions and Answers

The stars readers can get the answer 70
any question OF fact by either writing Ths
NV. Washington s, D. c. and inclosinK cents
return postage. or by telephoninE st. 5000.
Extension 35s.
Evening star., 1950-05-30

@. Is child related more closely to its
mother than to its father?-A. OBJ.
A. theoretically q child bears no closer
blood relation to one parent than 1t does
to the other.
Evening star., 1950-05-30

A pseudonyrn is permissible only
1Dl,en letter carries correct name
and address of toriter. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1950-05-30

@. How high Is the highest mountain
In Soviet Russia?-J. T. @.
A. 1t is Mt. Stain formerly Garmo)
In Tajikistan which Is $4,000 feet high.
Tajikistan. one Of the constituent repub-
lies Of the Soviet Union, Is In Central
Asia.
Evening star., 1950-05-30

@. What was the peak membership Of
the Grand Army Of the Republic?-
M. c. C.
A. The peak membership Of 409. .48o
was reached in 1890. In 1949 there were
only 16 survivors.
Evening star., 1950-03-24

vi d u S men constantine Brown.
toned by the Wisconsin Senator
Secretary of State Acheson has
stated publicly and privately that
if there are some "termites" still
left in the State Department, he
has no objections to their being
publicly exposed. Should the White
House see eye to eye with him, the
subcommittee would be able to
handle the matter properly. The
uneasiness felt throughout the
country for some time, based on
the fear that our foreign policies
have been unsuccessful because OF
doubtful loyalty on the part of
some persons connected with the
department, also might be dis
PEELED.
Would Have Healthy Effect.
The removal of all "termites'
from Government departments
would have a healthy effect not
only on the American people but
also on our friends in Europe who
are attempting to resist the Com
munist drive.
The spectacular statements of
Senator Mccarthy may have
caused the lifting of many eye
brows abroad. But governments
in Western Europe have their own
"pinkos" and the investigation in
Washington may prompt them to
do some housekeeping of their
own. In Britain. for instance,
some 80 bad security risks already
have been removed from the
government payroll.
Should we adopt a more ag-
greSsive approach in Washington,
it is probable that the French
government might act more
aggressively and clear out Com
munists or their sympathizers
still in key positions. There
Evening star., 1950-03-24
This Changing World
State Department Reported Urging
Release of Loyalty Files to Probers

are none in the cabinet itself
and only a few in the security
agencies of France. But there
are more than is healthy for thai
country in government-o owned
arsenals, in laboratories handling
defense matters. and particularly
in the nationalized aircraft in.
dustry.
The damage done to the pres.
tige Of our Government by the
attacks in Congress on State De-
partment personnel is insignifi-
cant.
Would Strengthen Defense.
A housekeeping both by the
United States and other countries
would result in an. overall
strengthening of Western de-
fenses. Moscow and it's satellites
while attacking the fascist
methods of the American Gov
ernment, are not happy about
what is now happening in Wash
ington. They fear that thorough
investigation will expose and re-
move their remaining friends in
Government. Their leaks" have
helped considerably Moscow's mil
itary and diplomatic strategy in
the past. The result Of a bona
f1de investigation may also be the
starting point of new nonparti-
san foreign policy which will in
evitably hurt the Kremlin's cold
war.
The defense last week of the
speeches made by Mr.. Acheson on
the West Coast by two of the most
bitter Republican critics of the
Secretary's foreign policy was in
dicative of what might happen if
he decided to embark on a real
istic "global diplomacy"
In his West Coast speeches Mr..
Acheson served official notice that
the era of appeasement-open or
concealed-is definitely ended and
that the Soviet government will
be received with open arms in our
efforts to secure world peace, pro-
vided it plays with all it's cards
on the table. If the Secretary of
State sticks to this policy-and
judging him by his past record he
says what he means-a new era
of genuine nonpartisan policy may
soon be started. i,
But before the Republican and
some of the Democratic Senators
become convinced that he is
in earnest, it is essential that the
present investigation of the
charges by Senator Mccarthy be
conducted earnestly and without
partiSanship.
Evening star., 1950-03-24

erely two Thomas L. Stokes.
ideologies but two potentially ad-
verse forces presently exist. -
The President and Congress cam
not ignore it and must protect
our Government from the techni-
que of the other theology, which is
Iinfltration of the Government
Innocent people may get caught
in this, but that is just too bad
They must be sacrificed. The
courts majority-Justices E. Bar
rett Prettyman and James NJ
Proctor-is panied about this
They feel sorry about Miss Bailey
Her situation appeals powerfully
to our sense of the fair and just. u
But her case must be placed in
context and perspective"
Which, of course, is the ideo-
logical conflict. This is not the
first theological conflict in which
our Nation has been engaged in
its history. Is the way to win this
one to shuttle off. our theology and
adopt the tactics of the other, or
to keep it the strong, inspiring
force that has made us a great
Nation of free and independent
people? In our tradition justice
begins with the individual and
protection of his rights.
What about the individual, Miss
Bailey? She was accused of be-
longing to the Communist Party
and various front" organizations
She denied under oath that she
had ever been a Communist OF
had belonged to the organizations
with the exception of one of which
she had been a member for time
years ago. In her public pro-
nouncements and on issues before
her union she took an anti Com
munist position. Seventy volun-
teer witnesses spoke on behalf OF
her loyalty.
No one appeared against hel
at the hearings. The decision as
to her disloyalty was based or
FBI reports from persons un-
named who, under loyalty pro-
cedure, cannot be revealed. Two
loyalty boards, that of FSA
and the Loyalty Review Board
based their judgment on these
Under the system, acting fol
the President, they found hel
disloyal. No one, OF course, has 8
vested right to a Government job
as the courts majority decision
properly pointed out. Her job wa.
not in what is called a sensitive
agency. She had access to ne
secrets. She is out OF that job
Her case was put in one SEN
tence by Judge Henry w. Edger.
ION in his minority opinion:
Without trial by jury. without
evidence, and without even being
allowed to confront her accuser.
or to know their identity, a citi.
zen of the United States has beer
found disloyal TO the Government
/ of the United States"
4 Judge Edgerton is being callet
naive about facts Of the worlt
Evening star., 1950-03-24
I axirnen Know TARGET
Mccarthy Now Seen Here as Gambler
Relying on Long Shot in Last Race

another public pillory is the prob
lem with which the Tydings COM
mittee must wrestle.
The Capital now sees Senator
Mccarthy as a desperate gam
bier who is relying upon a long
shot. perhaps in the last race
Democrats are fearful; Repub-
licans hopeful.
Senator Taft has startled some
of his admirers by telling reporters
that he personally had been urg-
ing Sentor Mccarthy: to press his
case land if one case didn't work
out to bring up another" This
hardly reflects the legal ethics
presumably impaired at the Taft
alma mater, the Harvard Law
School.
Apparently there are more wary
or more skeptical minds, however
on the Republican Policy Com
mittee which Senator Taft heads.
1t talked over the Mccarthy affair
and took no position. Senator
Taft announced, however, that
Senator Mccarthy was being sup
ported personally and reaction
seems to be pretty good on the
whole"