davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-07-11

that while Congress has the exclusive
constitutional power to declare war, the
President, practically speaking, is the
man in the drivers seat. This is
because he has the initiative in the
conduct of our foreign affairs. The
President has the immediate RESPONSE
bility, and by the time Congress is
called upon to make a decision there
is little more to do than recognize the
situation as it exists. A look at Amer
lean history seems to indicate that the
Presidents authority in determining the
issues of war and peace tends to increase,
relatively speaking, as the years 60 by.
There has been sporadic resistance
to this trend, but none of it has proven
effective. In 1887, for example the So
called Ludlow amendment-which would
have required a national war referen-
dunn in any case in which the United
States was not invaded by a foreign
poWer-was decisively beaten back in
Congress
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Ways to Cut Must Be Found

It is not surprising that the Senate Appro-
priations Committee has rejected the dramatic
approach to economy approved by the House.
This approach, it will be remembered, took the
form of the TaberT Thomas and the Jensen
amendments, tackled onto the omnibus appro-
priation bill in the closing hours of its con-
sideration in the House. The first was designed
to save some $500 Million by reductions of
personnel, travel allowances etc. in the executive
departments The second would have permitted
only 10 per cent of vacancies to be filled
Taken singly, either of the amendments
might have been refined and made workable.
Taken together, they were to an unknown
extent duplicating, with the probable effect of
adding cuts on cuts. They were largely undis-
eliminating, cutting into some highly essential
Government undertakings as ruthlessly as they
would cut into those easily spared. Taken to-
gether the amendments reflected no serious con-
sideration or even knowledge of their effect and
the Senate Appropriations Committee concluded
that the effect might be too drastic.
But this is not to say that the Senate, when it
takes up the BILL cannot or should not find
methods to achieve substantial reduction in
the $346 billion dollars involved. 1t is to be
expected that an effort will be made in that
direction by combination of Republicans and
Democrats perhaps along the lines of the Bridges
proposal for 10 per cent reduction, with exemp-
tions that would spare the military and other
specified agencies. Senator Byrd contends that
strictly domestic expenditures-leaving out the
cost of past and future wars, veterans care and
such fixed obligations as interest-have increased
about II per cent since fiscal 1948 We are facing
greatly increased military expenditures now,
caused primarily by the war in Korea, that were
not in the cards when the budget was framed
or when the House passed the appropriations
iS IN ont IN
cut hard on Government functions that can be
spared in the light of recent developments and
the threat of others to come.
While the method of economizing chosen by
the House may have been mistaken, the people
of this country will be disappointed if the Senate
finds no practical way to achieve the same OBJ
tective.
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Developing Child ToIent

Since the beginning of summer vaca-
tions for school children we parents can
surely appreciate our children's teachers
more than usual. But they need more
than appreciation, if they are to uphold
our high standard of education. They
need an incentive to keep on their toes.
Parental interest and cooperation helps
them to understand our children better.
Once a childs problems are understood
his whole life can be changed into an
enriching adulthood.
Our children today are maturing at
an early age and need more supervision
and programs to back up this early ma
turity, before it is turned into the wrong
channels.
Couldn't home economics and manual
training be started in the earlier grades?
A girl of nine years is ready and anxious
to help in her kitchen at home. But few
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Dust Bowl Again

These recent showers in Washington were
needed here, but if they could have been spared
to any other part of the country the southern
and central Great Plains would have been
good place to send them. Perhaps the time
eventually may come when rainfall can be
managed to suit human needs and convenience.
If So the wide area from Nebraska and north
central Kansas through eastern Colorado and
New Mexico into the Oklahoma and Texas
panhandles will require constructive attention.
The Soil Conservation Service of the Federal
Government already is fighting the drought
and the dust of that section-in terms of
education.
Owners of the territory referred to are
being told to plant sorghums wherever there is
enough moisture to justify the effort. What is
imperative is "cover" of vegetation for the
afflicted land. The natural carpet of grass and
shrubs which held the water-and the topsoil
before the period of the First World War was
destroyed by unwise blowing. Some of it had
just begun to come back when it was wrecked
again by the emergency demands for grains
occasioned by World War II. The prevailing
situation has been summarized by DR.. H. H.
Bennett, chief of the Soil Conservation Service,
in these words: There are probably as high as
100000 acres in these Plains States that should
be gotten out of cultivation and put back to
grassland kept in grass
But enough rain to render sorghum sowing
worthwhile is imperative. Close students of the
weather map are familiar with the problem and
are watching for developments favorable to
planting They are not panicky, yet they are
concerned. "The dust storms this year already
have been more severe than at any other time
since 1888. Reports to April showed 5,2500O0
acres damaged by wind erosion this spring in
the seven States of Texas, Oklahoma, New
Mexico, Colorado, Kansas Nebraska and Wyom-
ing" The problem of such loss to the whole
Nation is one for the Federal Government to
solve-as far as it can be solved. Cooperation
by private agencies and individuals, however,
is necessary. That the endeavor yields results
is demonstrated by the fact that the classic
dust bowl of the 30s now mostly is in what the
Soil Conservation people call sound condition"
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Setting The Clock

To keep your clock right vith the rest
of men
Needs no report BY current from do,On
State.
The milk train yhistles Jepson's at sir
ten;
You Dont be far of if you set it then.
Ho,p ,Uiu you kno1D you're not ten min
utes late?
You 1oorry more for minutes than for
gears!
But if the milk trains of. as sure as fate
The outside tDorld's in error Just as great.
Wait for the vhistle as the crossing
clears.
Three hours from then, we'll hdue the
south field tedded:
Four hours from then, and If no rain god
hears,
There is the vest field going under
shears.
So set the clock, and get the young day
steddied.
We're toith the Dorld, ,u1uereUer ~e are
heGdedi
CHARLES MALAM.
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Undec|ored War Not New Even in Korea
By NewboId Noyes, Jr.

THE UNDECLARED WAR we are
u currently fighting in Korea is by no
means the first undeclared war the
United States has fought. For that
matter, this is not the first time our
forces have gone into action in Korea.
without benefit Of congressional action.
The first time was almost 80 years
ago. Up to about 1880, the Koreans
carried their isolationism to such quaint
extremes that they imposed an auto
matte death penalty on outlanders fool
ish enough to violate their seclusion.
In 1866 an American merchant named
w. B. Preston. ambitious of opening up
trade in the northwest corner of Korea,
sent the armed schooner General Sher-
man to Ping-yang. which is now called
Hello. When the ship grounded on a
sandbar in the Ping-yang River the
Koreans burned it and murdered the
crew.
The United States indicated its disap-
proval Of this incident by sending the
U. S. S. Shenandoah to investigate. The
Koreans, however, took the position that
there was nothing to talk about. The
NI1CAdAOOdlI W1V11OICWs d1O pu1llLlVC
expedition was decided upon. Rear Ad-
miral John Rodgers, commanding the
Monocacy, the Palos and four steam
launches. was assigned to take Frederick
r. Low, American Minister to China, to
Seoul. There Mr.. Low was supposed to
demand an audience with the King and
secure satisfaction for the General
Sherman affair.
On May 26. 1871, the squadron arrived
at the mouth of the Han River. The
Americans said they were friendly and
wanted to see the King. When no reply
was forthcoming, they started up river.
On June /. the ships were fired upon
suddenly by two masked batteries on
either side of the river. The American
guns blasted back, silencing the batteries,
but shortly thereafter the Monocacy hit
a rock and the expedition turned back.
Two Americans were wounded in the en-
counter The Korean casualties were
unknown.
Ten days later another expedition was
dispatched. This time, the Marines
stormed the Korean forts. burning five
gun batteries and leaving $50 enemy
dead on the field. Our losses were three
killed and nine wounded. But still the
Koreans showed no willingness to grant
our emissaries an audience, and on July
2 the American force steamed away
headed back for consultations" in
Washington
1t wasn't until 1882 that the United
States secured treaty with Korea.
This is fairly typical example of
the more than 100 undeclared wars"
listed in American military archives.
The list. which includes our Civil War,
Is largely made up Of domestic expedi-
tions designed to suppress and pacify
hostile Indian tribes. But there also
have been times when the President
has used his power as commander in
chief Of the armed forces to intervene
in the affairs of foreign nations. Among
the best-known examples are the seizure
OF the port Of Vera Cruz in 1914, after
Victoriano Huerta had seized the Mexi-
can presidency: Gen. Pershing's punitive
expedition into Mexico in 1916, and nu-
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Fire Department SEGREGATION

Fire Department Segregation
The recently published news that
Chief Mayhem intended to pursue the
segregation policy of Negroes in the Fire
Department at this period of history in
the Nations Capital was distinct shock
to the Negro population. Last year the
chief told some of us that he intended
to work for unified, integrated fire de-
partment.
Every evidence points to rapid accept
ance of abolition of racial segregation
in great public institutions. Note, for
example, the fact that five of the eight
Negro ball players in the two big leagues
were selected by popular vote for the
all-star game. colored boy is elected
by 400 other Maryland boys as Gov
ernor" for the II days Boys State"
All through the armed forces unity and
effectiveness is being secured through
dropping of the color line
Chief Mayhem is alleged to assert that
both white and colored firemen prefer
separate units. One alleged reason is
that some colored fireman, who other
wise would not be qualified in open ex-
ANIMATION, would not be able to secure
higher commissions in free competition.
Surely the department would not ap-
prove of incompetent leadership in con-
troll when life and property are at stake.
Mayhem says 'it Gntegration) would be
lot easier" and that segregation can
not hold out much longer" Then why
not abolish it now. and let those whose
racial antagonisms prevent them from
making adjustment retire or resign.
The world is on the verge of a catas-
trophe, and the beginning of the fight
ing is in the heart of non-white nation
Until bolder and wiser men are in charge
of our institutions and Government here
in the Nations Capital, we have no right
setting up standards for colored peoples
elsewhere.
E. B. Henderson.
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Who on Eurth?'

Recent developments seem to have
knocked all the props from under our
idealistic Red fellow travelers-the Kisses
and the Wallaces. for example. 1t has
long been evident that labor is being
exploited by the million party mem
bers in Russia to an extent much worse
than it has ever been exploited under
capitalism. 1t has also long been evident
that income in this country is distributed
more equitably than it is in Russia.
where the higher party members pay no
taxes and live of the sweat of working
slaves.
And now recent developments in Korea
have revealed that Russia Is just an
other Fascist. imperialistic, aggressive
dictatorship bent upon conquering the
world, more barbaric and hence worse
than Hitler ever was. Who on earth
could without shame support such a
filthy, lying, thieving, degraded cause as
Russian communism?
Observer,
Evening star., 1950-07-11
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

M. w. o.
A. The latest report by the Civil Aero
nautics Administration shows that as of
May l, 1949, there were 9,678 women
pilots, of whom 8,115 held private pilot
certificates 1861 held commercial rat
ings, and 2 had airline transport pilot
ratings.
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Q. When was the New City of Jerusalem

@. When was the New City of Jerusalem
begun?-J. o. j.
A. The building of the New City out
side the wall of old Jerusalem began in
1860 and has continued until now it
greatly exceeds the old one both in area
and population. Among the suburbs is
the new Jewish business district with
modern Office buildings, shops and wide
well-paved streets.
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer to
any question of fact by either writing The
NV. Washington 5, D, C., and inclosng cents
return postage, or by telephoning ST 5000,
Extension 35S
Evening star., 1950-07-11
Letters to The Star

mothers can afford to give this time
mat requires patience, especially If
there are smaller children to care for.
Boys start at very early age to use a
hammer, and try desperately to build
something.
Couldn't we suggest more programs
that would develop individual talents
along with the three Rs?
BY improving our schools we inspire
our teachers. And by raising their SAL
aries we stand a better chance of get
ting what we want out of education
Mrs. Webb Taylor.
Right Of Revolution
This Fourth of July, I reread the
Declaration of independence, and dis
covered meaning to it that had hither-
TO escaped me, perhaps because I had
taken it too much for granted.
Americans would do well to make a
oul-searching study of that document,
Tor 1t truly has been called the greatest
design for liberty ever conceived by the
mind OF men. In the words of this decla-
ration. to secure the rights with which
men are endowed by their Creator:
Governments are instituted among men,
deriving their just powers from the con-
sent OF the governed. Whenever any
form OF government becomes destructive
OF those ends. it is the right of the people
to alter or abolish it, and to institute new
government, laying its foundations on
such principles and organizing its powers
IN such form, as to them shall seem most
likely to effect their safety and happi-
ness.'
For the support of this declaration"
the signers agreed. 1--WE mutually pledge
to each other our lives, our fortunes and
our sacred honor"
That is the kind of pledge that all
Americans of this generation should be
proud to make, and they should hold
themselves in readiness to suit the
action to the words.
Aaron Monroe.
Evening star., 1950-07-11

A pseudonyn is permissible only
10hen letter carries correct name
and address of 1Uriter. Please be briet
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05
Story of Unique Desk
Told By Accountant

The story, hobird tho dask If
Georoo Mel onobIir +, bis oa;co in
the WiIliar-Jon,o. hotel Oakland ms
told hv him.
or. a. e.. ,o,o ,
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n,aI.a ,.'' '''.''',.'. , -.
~ =, 49,. So = o ~ 49, :
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n-aIl .,. ,s,, ,,' - asI, ar;aa
sa.', - ti Y''' U .il' I.,,,.. t.t,1
ne Pro'l'm no" was 10 oo1a."
once furniture lor 'He Oh ice' ms
was eo'lPl''"'eu "S 'i' l"oI '""' al
+ta 1T:1. e.',.. .,i,' ,,e,l,, 49, noo,,,
I'm I.'., g., Wv ,..,,,',,ai La4o, ,,.a
,I,,.;ua u.. e,.. lie - +ha ,,.ool.
,,,ha,, ,,,l,,lI l ~ ru,ia.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05
Labor Force Increased

MaIyland's population gains since
1910 have been reflected in a greatly
expanded labor force during the past
8 years, according to Mr. William H.
Mahaney, Chairman Of the Employ
ment Security Board. Considering the
focal labor force as the number Of
persons Of working age who are either
employed or seeking work, Maryland 5
total labor force in November, 1919.
was estimated at over 9340O0-an in
crease Of almost - per cent since
1910.
A total of 72,6oo Maryland workers
were unemployed in November 1919,
as compared with 76,200 in April
1910.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05
CROP Canvassers At Work

Canvassers are at work through
Maryland an d Delaware making
farm to farm canvasses for CROP,
the Christian Rural Overseas Pro-
gram. Food producers are being asked
to contribute 40 carloads Of foods for
shipment to the hungry people Of
Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Grain, apples, livestock, poultry or
poultry products, milk or allotments
from milk checks, or other farm
products. In making contributions,
farmers can designate the church
group they want to handle their gifts.
CROP is jointly sponsored by
Church World Service, Lutheran
World Relief and Catholic Rural Life.
All who wish to participate or make
contributions to CROP are urged to
contact their local church or the Of
flee of John II. Carter, county agent,
for special information.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05

vices on New Years Day. Mr. Spoer-
len is in his ninety first year.
Commander and Mrs Cedric Stir
ling and family, Arlington, Va, were
weekend guests Of Mrs. Strings
parents, Mr. and Mrs. Henry NJ.
Speicher.
Misses Alma, Esther and Claudinc
Opel entertained Mrs. William Speich-
er, Miss Kathryn Speicher and Mrs.
Earl Ault as Friday evening supper
guests at their home near Keyser's
Ridge.
Callers at the home Of Mr. and Mrs.
Albert Smith during the holidays
were Miss Rosie Smith, Robert Moon.
Mrs. Sherman Frazee and daughters,
Mrs. Erwin Georg and Gail Miss
Dora Schlossnagle, Carol Ann Haenft-
ling, Mrs. Oma Custer, Miss Rose
Miller, Mrs. w, II. Haenftling, Mrs
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05

Marvin Calls and daughter and Mrs.
William Walton, of Pittsburgh, Pa.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05

George 0
o
Accou he n w.
Monthly Bookkeeping
ice William Hotel Oakland,
Thursday and "A m o p
Evening andO OF her ~ on
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05

Here it Isl Now Display: The beautiful 1850 Chryser
the beauty surprise of the year From smart front
to rear, every sleek, trim line deliberately
styled give it long, low streamined looki With
stunning new interiors, new nylon fabrics . it's
todays style classic inside and out! And again for
1850 Chryes beauty reflects the sound engineering and
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-01-05

the solid comfort inside Again there's headroom egroom
and shoulder spare Chairheght seats Surprising
visibility aaround in the easiest of all to get
into and out of You've got to and drive it really to
appreciate it the wonderful things that have been
done to make the smartest most safest,
sweetest driving today % body styles avaiabe
Evening star., 1950-08-07
Woman Fatally Hurt
In Fall Down Stairs

The mother of seven children
was injured fatally early yester-
day when she fell down a flight
of stairs in her home at 632 JEFF
ferSon street NV.
She was Mrs. Madeline King
SO, who was living with her par
entS, Mr.. and Mrs. William C.
Cambrey. Relatives said her hus-
band, Joseph King, lives in Alex
andria.
Police reported Mrs. King re-
turned home about 2:30 am. from
a friends house in Takoma Park,
Md. Mrs. Cambrey, awakened By
a noise, found her daughter
slumped at the bottom of the
stairs leading to the basement
recreation room, they said.
Mrs. King was pronounced dead
on the scene by a Health Depart
ment ambulance doctor. Deputy
Coroner Christopher J. Murphy
said death resulted from a frac-
tured skull, but withheld a GER
tificate pending a report by police.
Mrs. Kings children, ranging in
age from one to Is years, are Pa
tricia Ann, Mary Diane, Adelaide
William, Dawn, Marie and Carol
She is also survived by brother
William n Tambrov
Requiem high mass will be
sung at 9 am. Thursday at Ma
tivity Church, Georgia avenue and
Peabody street NV. Burial will
be in Mount Olivet Cemetery.
Evening star., 1950-08-07
I Crimina|Iy Insane Sought
After Escape in Florida
By the Assoeiated Press

CHATTAHOOCHEE, Fla, Aug.
7.-Heavily armed police threshed
through this sparsely settled Sec
tor today seeking seven men who
escaped from the building for the
criminally insane at Florida State
Hospital.
All the fugitives are considered
dangerous.
Eight inmates, clad only in pa
jamas, fled at 2:30 am. yesterday.
One was captured two hours later.
Five escaped in a station wagon
stolen on the hospital grounds and
two went on foot.
County officers and State high
way patrolmen in North Florida,
south Georgia and south Alabama
Joined the search. Chattahoochee,
80 miles northwest of Tallahassee,
is few miles from the point the
three State borders meet.
The men used a concrete slab
from bench to batter through a
thin partition and out of their
day room, said Frank Palsgraaf,
Holding three guards at bay, they
used a homemade aluminium key
to unlock the main door.
Evening star., 1950-08-07
Marine Operations Started
In Korea With Artillery Shot

''If it hit anywhere near where
it should" remarked the 41-year-
old sergeant, "it did a lot of good"
Capt. Hofstetter said he felt
good" about getting off the first
Marine shot against the enemy.
II wish we could have been
here sooner" he said. He added,
ref1ectively, "I wish it was the
last shot fired instead of the first
one"
Capt. Hofstetter, who didn't
know his target, said the Marines
artillery fired both phosphorus
and high-explosive shells which
could have been used on either
personnel or positions.
The first gun to fire was set up
in a school yard against back
drop of green mountains. The
weather-beaten schoolhouse, with
upswept roof corners, was in
yard inclosed by a 7-foot rock
wall.
Sergt. T. Tant of Temple, Tex,
was section chief on the first gun
to fire.
Others in the crew were Corpl.
James r. Evan, Wichita, Kans.;
Pfc. j. H. Rosefeld, Pittsburgh;
Pfc. Phillip Smith, Sidney, Ark;
Pfc. Albert Wagner, Arcade, N. Y;
Pfc. Joseph zeowak, Jersey City,
N. j.; Pfc. H. L. Phillips, Canton,
N. c.; Pfc. Joe Mativeron, Ell Paso,
Tex, and Pfc. Pasqual r. Rastello,
New York.
Evening star., 1950-08-07
Nationalist Planes Hill
Red Craft Off China
BY the Associated Press

TAIPEI, Formosa, Aug. 7.-Chi-
nese Nationalist warplanes yes
terday attacked Communist craft
along the China coast opposite
Formosa in day-long strikes.
Air headquarters said more
than 100 craft were destroyed.
The craft were hit near Que
moy, Nationalist-held island near
the Red port of Annoy, 100 miles
west of Formosa.
There were fresh reports that
Quemoy is next on the Com
muniSt invasion timetable.
A government spokesman de-
MED that Gen. Macarthur had
recommended a withdrawal from
Quemoy.
TAIPEI, Formosa, Aug. 7 (P.-
Maj. Gen. Howard Turner. COM
mander of the United States 18th
Air Force, has set up a liaison
Office in the Chinese Nationalist
air force headquarters building
here.
He flew here several days ago
from Clark Field in the Philip
pines.
Evening star., 1950-08-07
By Tom Lambert


WITH THE MARINES IN
KOREA, Aug. IA Marine artil-
lery shot opened the leathernecks'
war against North Korean Com
munistS today.
A battery commanded by Capt.
Arnold Hofstetter of San Diego,
Calf, fired the first Marine shot
on Red positions along the south
western front.
Sergt. Bethea MCMILLAN of
Oceanside, Calf, pulled the Ian
yard that sent the first round
screaming from a 155-millimeter
cannon.