davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
NetU ArriUaIs At
ChiIdren's Corner

Bows belts. genuine leather Sl.O0
Children's books. Pirate Stories.
Golden Funny Books. Story
Time Tales
Corduroy bonnets. felt teen-age
hats. Baby Boys felt caps.
Jar Sets for the Nursery. pink,
blue and yellow.
Rhunba panties in seersucker 81
Blankets in all colors from SI.98
to S2.98
Visit the CHILDRENS CORNER.
Fleming and Simonton Streets,
Phone 76.-(Adyt.)
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
Costume Party At
Fl. Taylor Club
To Be Held Oct. %

A Halloween costume party viii
be given Saturday night. Oct %.
at the Fl Taylor Officers Club. it
was announced at the Naval Base
today.
Prizes viii be awarded for the
host costumes. and games viii be
played
reservations must be made and
should be in by Wednesday. Oct.
%
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
HOME COOKED FOOD
TO BE SOLD SATURDAY
At THE WOM4N'S CLUB

On Saturday afternoon from 3
TO s o'clock, home cooked food
will be on sale at the Key West
Woman's Club, 3l9 Duval street
This IS the first in a series of
food sales. being held 10 raise
money for the redecOration of the
WOman,s Club House.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11

Istricted to Legionaires and Auxili-
airy members alone.
If families IN Key West feel
that they have something which
they would like to share with a
hOspitalized veteran they are ask
ed to phone Mrs Carey at 576-M
or write her at 1914 Petronis
street, and she will pick up your
contribution
Gift yourself a lift by giving
a lift to Others" says Mrs. Carey
A social hour will follow to-
morrow nights meeting.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
Coming Events

Key west 6rIoge ASSOCIATION al
7:30 pm. at American Legion
Home on Stock Island. Dupli-
cate bridge played. Games
start promptly at 8 o'clock.
La Concha Navy Wives Club
No. 50 viii meet at 1890 A.
NJ. in the clubrooms in Build
ing I78, Naval Station
THURSDAY, OCTOBER r.
Room Mothers of Key West Jr.-
Sr. High School at 7:45 pm.
in school auditorium.
Fleet Reserve Association and
Women's Auxiliary at $50
pm. in club rooms at the
corner of Front and Fitz-
patrick streets. Social hour
will follow these meetings.
DR.. Felix Varela Lodge No. 81
at 8 o'clock at the Cuban
Masonic Lodge, GIG Elizabeth
street.
Ladies Auxiliary to V.F.W
Post 391I at VF.W. Home.
Key West Art and Historical
Society viii meet at $50 pm
in the MartellO Art Gallery
W.S.C.S. Seminar of Key West
Methodist Churches at 7 PM
at the Ley Memorial MethO-
dist Church.
Sewing Group of Monroe Coun-
ty Hospital Woman's Auxil-
iary al 2 PM. at the hos
pital For transportation cal
Mrs. Pritehard at 54S.
FRIDAY. OCTOBER 10
Fern Chapter No. 81, Order Of
the Eastern Star will meet al
8 pm. in the Golden Eagle
Hall, 1911 Petronia street.
League Bowling for Navy
Wives at the Naval Station
Bowling Alleys beginning a
9 AM.
League Bowling for Navy
Wives at the Naval Station
Bowling Alleys beginning a
9 AM. sponsored by the
Noes. Club aid the L.
Concha Navy Wiges Club.
SATURDAY, OCTOBER Il
Key West Woman's Club vii
hold home cooked food SALE
from 8 to 6 pm. at the clul
house. 3l9 Duval street.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 16-
Wesleyan Service Guild, WSCS
First Methodist Church vii
meet at 7::30 PM. with Mrs
Marie Russell. Southarc
street.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER IL
Key West Public Library Asso.
citation at 8 Pm. at court.
house.
Key West Assembly No. Is
Order of the Rainbow fol
Girls at 7:3O PM. in the an.
mex of the First Methods
Church. There will be ballot.
> ing.
Key West High School P.T.A
will meet at 7:3O PM. at the
school.
Bowling for Navy Wives at the
Naval Station Bowling Al
leyS beginning at 9 AM
SATURDAY, OCTOBER IL
Aquatic Exhibition, Hilton
Haven, Boy Scouts of Troor
81.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
Key Vest KiiUanidus
Return From Orlando

Joe Boza and Joe SirugO, mem
bers Of the Key West KiwaniS
club. returned last night from
Orlando, where they attended
the State Kiwanis convention
which began Saturday.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
REP. GEO. SM4THERS
VISITS CITIZEN OFFICE

Rep. George Smathens called
on L. P. Artman, Citizen pub
Usher, yesterday afternoon al
The Citizen Office.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
Pedro Gonzalez URdergoes
AppendectOnlY At Galley

Pedro Gonzalez, 804 Catherine
street. underwent an appendecto-
my last night at the Galley Me-
mortal hospital An attache at the
hospital reported today his con-
dition is satisfactory"
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
Gold Star Mothers To Be HOnOred
At Meeting OF Legion Auxiliary

All Gold Star Mothers viii at meeting
American Legion auxiliary Arthur Sawyer
held Thursday night Legion
Mrs. .Wllhelminas Harvey auxiliary president -
For transportation 70 the Gold Mothers auxiliary
eInber prospective members
Mrs anthony Uhsr auxiliary transportation chairman
arrange for transportation to
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
A Son, Gary Eugene, For
The Jerome SchnOebeleses

Mr.. and Mrs. jerome J. Schno-
ebeles, 1921 Packer street. are
The parents of a 6-pound. 2-ounce
son, Gary Eugene, born at 3:25
o'clock last night at the Naval
Station hospital. Mr.. Schnoebe-
les. cS2, is stationed aboard the
q. S. S. Chivo.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
-4ngei 4lUGrez Returns
From Vocation La Cuba

Angel Alvarez returned yester7
day by plane from Cuba, where
he had spent the past two weeks
visiting friends and relatives.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11

Throughont free and working and planning
together finding the american every question of medical
and Hundreds OF Voluntary Insurance
healthy BY doctors companies
Pr frenzl organzatonsg industry agriculture and labor Today
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
Rear admiral F. G. Fahrion And Staff
HonOred At Parties At Naval Base

Admiral F. c. Fahrion, USN. u s At
Fleet Destroyer Force his staff being
several parties u Naval Base during their visit
Approximately persons expected cocktail
party honorng afternoon
Officers OF the Fleet
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11

FREEDOM COMES UNDER ATTACK The reality of war has
made every American think hard about the things he's willing work
and fight for-and freedom leads the list
But that freedom has been attacked here reeenfy-usf
as II has been attacked in other ports of the world One
of the most serious threats TO individual freedom has
been the threat of Observation-Disclosures Compulsory
Health Insurance, falsely presented guarantee
of health Security for everybody.
THE PEOPLE WEIGH THE FACTS In the American manner the
people studied the for Socaed Medne-and the against
They found that Government domination of the peoples medical
affairs under Compulsory Health Insurance lower standards
of medical higher payroll taxes loss of incentive damage
research penalties for the povdent rewards for the mprovn
They found thof country earth sUrPass Amer
ieas leadership in medical core and progress. They
found that able DOCTORS teachers, and scientists
working in laboratories where Science not Politics IS
bIozins dromufie iruils 70 heofh for
Amerieans-and for fhe world
TIE GRASS ROOTS" SIGNALS CONGRESS. In every COM
munty the Nation people STOOD up be counted this
portant Thousands of local Clubs groups farm
business religious taxpayer medical educational and patriotic organ
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11
Anniversary Of CHbaH Deoiarariss-
of IudeDendence Is ObSerued Her.

a g--,rn MAS held = fne Szn Cz-iaz -z---s
-aeToorzte the end annrvs-sa-y 81 C-ne E=z -
~, Cuban declaration IndePen1e1-e
Paul AIpizar Polio e HaE-na $3.50 -~ -
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11

DOCTORS OF this N1fion srzfsfuI 1hza - psnpn
refused 70 De wooed by The fznsussir PRESSES - n
unamsrleun excursion into State Sorizizr- D1<t.r
OF america ere dedicufed 80 serve fhsir fsII, rra
al nome and Their comrades 81 uniforu,, usrss.r 49,
ice 70 This Motion may take fhsu hns t. - ~
sfana reocy TO fight for-fo sarrixs fur-s. GO f-rn
nor me ellen wcy Ct life Ct so<ulir hus - prin
sse0Fssy c. free and sslf-rslznf pssplsI
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11

izauons spoke our-gving rhe gTez Unled Szzz g.
unmistakable Grass Roofs signal frou houe1
And ever wcfcnfuls sensitive . uhsr1 $500
The Congress saw fh0f sigma. end hszrS - $780,
speak out, loud and plain. that's democrz<F - 49,
That's the American swuys
Today among the 10000 grezr oreanizzriuus On 80
record against Compulsory Healrh Insuzznrs- a-e-
General Federutoa Of 49, 49,
Women's Clubs Rs-so--I a----s-~s-~
Gnsricun Farm Esreuu
Federation H.-,.-E - r<--E-- -
N@tionc cranss -
Veterans ct Foreiun Wurs nsus-mus -
Nolion0 conterenea Of Ratrn E~nznrs
Sosnone Charities hsusi.nzI Rstzz - ss-1
s<aS.s<en rrot1z1nnf $780,
Hospi1i Asso<iusiua n--n~tru- - -
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1950-10-11


the eEOds -
etha America cando
henrfhkp
yfrOntpa
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1950-12-22
Palm Beach, Merit Clothing Sign
In Huge Ama|gamated Campaign

consumers, including .trade-un-
ionists, of course, that, in every
price range, dollar for dollar,
they get a better buy when they
find the Amalgamated union Ia
bel inside the inside coat pocket.
The Amalgamated also pointed
out that, by purchasing clothes
with the union label, the con-
sumner was helping prevent the
return of the sweatshop and was
supporting all the social BENEFITS
obtained in the clothing indus
try, including health, life, acci-
dent, maternity, disqualification
and old-age benefits.
The campaign was launched
in national publications like
Golfers, the daily press, the Ia
Dor press and the trade press
The Amalgamated bought time
on Town Meeting of the Air In
New York City, Washington
Detroit and Los Angeles. II
printed millions of circulars dis
tributed among union, consumer
and retailer groups. 1t put post
ers in thousands of union hall.
throughout the country. 1t rar
exhibits at union convention
and county fairs. 1t had Anal
gamated union label weeks pro
claimed in cities like Los An
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1950-12-22

East, South and West. Organize
organize, organize is still funda-
mental with the Amalgamated,
though it has more than 81 per
cent of clothing unionized, more
than 80 per cent shirts and cot
ton garments organized, the two
major industries in which 1T
operates.
In passing, it should be stated
that when Palm Beach, Merit
and the others came in, the
workers did not obtain paper"
agreements. In Palm Beach, the
Amalgamated obtained 13 per
cent general wage increase; in
Merit, it obtained a general IL H2
cent an hour increase. 1t did the
same in the other cases. In addi-
ton. it introduced new or in
creased or even doubled old
vacation and social security
benefits.
But the old-fashioned organiz-
ing and negotiating methods had
a tremendous ally this time. II
was the Amalgamated Union
Label campaign. In one year the
A m a & m ted appropriated
$500, 900 and spent $350,000 oi
| it for the campaign. 1t had {
simple story to tell. 1t told al
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1950-12-22

During the past 80 days, the
Amalgamated Clothing Workers
Of America has signed up four
Of the largest non-union hold
outs In the mems and boys
clothing industry, employing a
total of $500 workers. One firm
had been non-union 81 years,
another 10, and the two others
for more than a score of years.
Among these firms are one or
two that are internationally ia
NOUS. Palm Beach Company,
employing 5000 in five States,
is the worlds largest producer
of summer-weight clothing. The
Merit Clothing Compa my OF
Mayfield, KY, employing 2,2O0,
successfully resisted unions for
half-a-century.
Haspel Bros, of New Orleans,
one of the largest, if not the
largest clothing firm in the
South, employing 1000 men and
women, capitulated after months
of slow and patient negotiations
So did A. Sagner and Sons o1
Baltimore, long a hold-out.
A combination of circum-
stances brought these grea
firms into the union fold. The
Amalgamated Clothing Workers
of America, which has not hao
a major industrial outbreak ir
25 years, has never given up or
ganizing. In that sense it is ar
old-fashioned union. During the
past fiscal year, the Amalga-
mated spent more than 1,5O0,'
600 on organization work, NORTH
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1950-12-22

geles, San Diego and elsewhere.
Union committees, ably sup
ported by local trade-union
bodies, visited union meetings
and told the union label story.
Consumer groups visited retail
ers and asked for the Amalga-
mated union label.
Amalgamated President Jacob
S. Potofsky toured the country,
spreading the gospel of one new
suit or overcoat per adult Amer
lean male, who now averages
only half-a-suit year. OF
course, he pointed out the ad-
vantages of the union label in
that new suit.
The campaign caught on like
wild-fire. The demand for the
Amalgamated union label in
creased by the millions. The re-
tailers themselves insisted upon
the union label before confirm
ing their purchases from the
manufacturers.
Sixteen million A m r c n
trade unionists and their fami-
lies, overnight, became great
potential market for Amalga
mated union label clothing. Un
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1950-12-22

doubtedly, the non-union hold
outs saw the light. 1t helped
anyway, though the Amalga-
mated has never deviated from
its basic trade-union practises-
organize and negotiate, organize
and negotiate.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Foreman Escapes Injury
III Gravel Load Dumping

A concrete company supervisor
ESCAPED with 40 apparent serious
injury yesterday after shout eight
tons Of gkaSel were accidentally
dumped on him.
Collin M. Bowers, Al, of Hern-
don, va, was in a pit supervising
the loading of conveyor at the
Virginia Concrete Co., 1851 Semi
nary road, Arlington. when the
mishap occurred. police reported.
A truck. operated by Oscar Tay-
lor of Route 8, Alexandria, accord
ing to police, dumped a full load
about seven feet into the pit where
Mr.. Bowers was standing. Mr..
Taylor heard MIR. Bowers cry out
and quickly joined other workmen
in clearing gravel away from the
buried mans face and head.
Rescue operations were compli-
Gated, however, by constant cave
ins and it was only after wooden
forms were erected that Mr..
Bowers was removed nearly an
hour later. The Clarendon and
Jefferson rescue squads assisted in
the rescue. Mr.. Bowers was ad-
mitted to Arlington Hospital for
observation.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
'H,675Sfudents Enroll
In Prince Georges

First-day school enrolment in
Prince Georges County yesterday
was up 1892 over the same date
last year for a total of 29,675,
Assistant Schools Supt. w. s..
Schmidt said today.
Mr.. Schmidt said officials ex-
pected the opening day figure to
increase by 1000 to 1900 by the
end of the month. Last year the
rise was exactly 1000 in the same
period.
The Silver Hill Elementary
School was the one spot that
amazed school officials, the as
sistant sa1periatEndent said. Peak
senrelmene there last year was
101 and, although preschool reg
iStration indicated there would be
an increase. the system was not
prepared for the 236 pupils who
showed up yesterday.
Mr.. Schmidt said the adjacent
rapidly growing Hillcrest develop
ment probably accounted for most
of the additional students.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Alexandra 10 Offer
Handicraft Classes

Handicraft classes will be in
troduced into the Alexandria
Recreation Departments fall &C
tiyities which begin Monday.
Miss Gladys Staples will con-
duct adult classes at the Cameron
Street Recreation Center from
l0:30 am. to 1890 pm. Mondays
and Thursdays, and from $3.50
pm. to 5 pm. Tuesdays. Children
10 years of age and older will be
instructed on Mondays after
school.
Adult craft classes will be held
at the Charles Barrett Teen Age
Center in Parkfairfax Mondays
and Wednesdays from 1880 to $50
pm, and Fridays from 10:30 am.
to 1890 pm. Children of that
area will be instructed from 10
am. to noon Saturdays.
The classes will include instruc-
tionS in paper crafts, hot plate
mats. gimp and metal work, plas-
ter crafts, painting, ceramics and
leather craft.
Similar instruction is being
given at the Pendleton Street
Recreation Center for colored
which is open from 8 pm. to
10:30 pm. each weekday.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Ex-PoIicemaa Naiyes
nm an as
Hearing in Robbery

DANES o. Breeder, suspended
Montgomery County police cor
poral, yesterday waived prelimi-
nary hearing in Bethesda Police
Court on charges in connection
with a Bethesda safe robbery Au-
gust 26.
Three other men, arrested along
with Corpl. Breeden, also waived
preliminary hearings before Trial
Magistrate James r. Miller. Their
cases will go before the Montgom-
cry County grand jury.
They were Joseph A. Fabianich
20. salesman of the 1000 block
of Fourteenth street NV; Albert
w. Neville, 35. a cab driver of the
100 block of Wagner place Sc.
and Jack A. Taylor, 20, alias
Cap" a cab driver of the 100
block of Wooten avenue, Chevy
Chase. Md.
Corpl. Breeden, who is SO, was
arrested the night of September
l on charges of conspiracy in con-
Inection with the burglary. larceny
and receiving stolen property. The
other three men are held or
charges of larceny and house
breaking.
Judge Miller reduced Corpl
Breeden's bond from $500 to
81 900 because he is a property
owner. The judge. however, re-
fused to reduce the bonds of thu!
others.
The case involves a safe-crack-
ing job at the Andrew Devlin
Lumber Co.. 1888 Bethesda ave-
nue., Bethesda, in which about
$340 in cash was stolen.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Laurel Escapee's S Sanity
May Be Probed in SIaYinq
BY the Associated Press

BALTIMORE. Sept. 12.-Prose-
cutors today sought sanity hear
ing for Arthur Swami, 16-year- old
Washington youth charged with
killing fellow fugitive from the
District Training School at Laurel.
A Federal grand jury indicted
him yesterday, declaring he quar-
relied with, and, "in heat of pas
sion," shot and killed Raymond
Thorne with .22-caliber rifle.
Swami and Thorne, IT, escaped
January IA from the school.
Thorne's body was found on the
grounds of Fort Meade six months
later.
United States Attorney Bernard
j. Flynn previously had filed a
petition for the sanity hearing
under a provision of a new Federal
law. He said he had reason to
believe that Swami may be men
tally unable to understand court
room proceedings or help defend
himself.
At the suggestion of the court,
the case was sent to the grand
jury before action was taken on
the sanity hearing petition.
Swami is the grandson of Mrs.
Frances Brown. first block of
Fourth street. Takoma Park, Md,
and Thorne was the son of Mrs.
Alice Thorne, 500 block of Cove
street S.E.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Montgomery Democrats
To Hear Iydings Thursday

Senator Tydings of Maryland,
who is seeking the Democratic
nomination for reelection, will
be principal speaker at a rally
sponsored by the Montgomery
County Democratic Victory Com
mittee at 8 pm. Thursday in the
Silver Spring Armory.
The rally is being held for
voters in the Kensington, Whea-
ton, Silver Spring. Takoma Park
area.
Maj. Gen. Russell B. Hartle,
candidate for the Democratic
nomination to the House of Rep
resentatives from the 9th District,
also will speak.
All other members of the Vic
tory Committees ticket are to be
introduced for brief talks during
the rally.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Montgomery Council
Studies Rezoninq Plea

Sharp disagreement on COM
mercial rezoning at Macarthur
boulevard and Great Falls road
was heard by the Montgomery
County Council in Bethesda last
night.
On a request for rezoning from
Residential A to Commercial D of
a lot at the intersection, resi-
dents Of the area were divided
as to whether rezoning would be
premature" or advance plan
ming"
While most of the rs persons
appearing were in agreement that
present needs would not support
a shopping area, there was no
accord on the need for commu-
nifty store.
A delegation headed by Herbert
Angel, Great Falls road, and Da-
vid Weed, president of the West
Montgomery County Citizens AS
Soclatlon, charged that any COM
mercial development there would
become a detriment of the COM
munity.
Thomas Anderson, attorney for
the applicant, Charles L. Cooley,
jr., pointed out that covenants
on the subdivision limit CONNER
cial use to this and one other
lot. His stand for rezoning was
supported by Is residents and the
Maryland-National Capital Park
and Planning Commission, which
recommended reclassif1cation in
an effort to "tie down CONNER
cial development in the vicinity" :"
The Council took the case under
advisement.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Two Each Party Seek Montgomery States Attorney Post

Before entering the service in
1912, Mr.. Barbee was assistant
States attorney for the county for
three years under the late Ben G..
Wilkinson. Born in Forest Glen,
Mr.. Barbee still lives there with
his parents at 9809 Capitol View
avenue. He attended Richard
Montgomery High School, Rock
vile; George Washington Univer-
sity and National University Law
School. He was admitted to the
Maryland and District Bars in
1887 and was named a trial mag
istrate for the Rockville Police
Court three years ago.
Mr.. Barbee is a past COM
mander of the Silver Spring Vet
erans of Foreign Wars Post, a
member of the Executive Commit
tee of the Montgomery County
Bar Association, member of both
the District Board of Trade and
the Junior Chamber of Commerce,
a vestryman of the Grace Episco-
pal Church. Silver Spring, and a
member of the Silver Spring Elks
Lodge and the Izaak Walton
League.
Born in Montana 46 years ago,
Mr.. McInerney was educated at
Washington's Eastern High School,
Notre Dame University. the Uni
versity of Maryland, Georgetown
University Law School and Ma
tional University Law School.
Mr.. McInerney also is a Navy
veteran, having been commits
stoned in the Reserve in 1885 and
then ordered to active duty from
1941 to 1945. He currently is a
commander in the Naval Reserves
Supply Corps.
The Bethesda candidates home
is at $500 johnson avenue. He is
a member of numerous groups, in
cluding the American Legion,
Knights of Columbus, Manor
Country Club, Montgomery County
tuberculosis Association, George
town Road Citizens Association,
Holy Name Society and the Be-
thesda Chamber of Commerce. A
brother, Wilbert, is a candidate
for the county's Republican State
Central Committee.
Evening star., 1950-09-12
Woman Takes Maryland U.
Dairy Herd Tesfinu Course

Authorities at the University of
Maryland yesterday were sur
prised to find a woman en-
rolled in the Dairy Herd Improve
ment Associations tester training
course.
Miss Rose Hussell. of Mount
Pleasant, w. Va, was the only
woman who enrolled in the two
week course which began yester-
day. Miss Hussell sold her dairy
farm last year to take up testing
Marvin E. Senger, extension
dalryman in charge of the course,
said that it was unusual for a
woman to go into that kind of
work.
Four Maryland men also have
enrolled. They are George Paf-
fenbarger, of Boyds: James Flah-
erty, of Woodbine; Paul Bernard,
of Swanton, and w. Ben Wilson,
jr.. of Bozman.
Upon completion of the course
the five students will be eligible to
act as testers for the association.