davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-04-06
By JOY 6. Hayden

North American Newspaper Allis nceD
Scarcely ever in American poll
tics has there been more unani-
mously accepted verdict than the
one, after the l948 Presidential
election, that Thomas E. Dewey. as
a political aspirant. was all washed
up.
Yet today, there is a rapidly de-
veloping, and so far unopposed
movement among New York Re-
publicans to draft Gov. Dewey for
fourh successive gubernatorial
nomination.
Mr.. Dewey was narrowly de-
feated on his first try for governor
in 1898, but he won handsomely
in 1912 and 1916 and just recently
his outlook for a third term has
has been Frightening up remark
ably.
This change is due partly to the
continuing excellence OF the
Dewey State administration. But
much more it reflects a growing
division among Democrats and
their erstwhile allies in New York
as to the makeup of the anti-Re-
publican slate of candidates for
this years election.
ALP Is Strong.
Since Presiden Roosevelt took
the wind out Of a Farmer-Labor
national third party movement in
1885 by organizing a separate
Evening star., 1950-04-06
Iowon Offers House Members
Quick Smell of Onion Situation

he said, that onion farmers are
the victims of one of the mos,
fragrant cases of manipulation ir
the recent history of any COM
modify on any exchange"
Mr.. Gross said statements by
the Michigan and Iowa groups
include:
While $4,000 cars were traded in
1949 on the Chicago mercantile
exchange, only $500 cars actually
were delivered.
While the exchange was doing
"a billion dollar business in onions
in 1949. onion farmers were los
ing millions of dollars even with
a short crop.
The exchange employed prac-
tees of hedging, short-selling
and scalping" to drive down the
price of onions from about s5 a
bag to "A cents.
Evening star., 1950-04-06
By the Asseeioied Press

Representative Gross. Republi-
can. of Iowa, told the House yes
terday he wanted to give its men,
bers q quick smell of the onion
situation"
His version:
Housewives in the Capital ARE
being scalped" to the tune of two
pounds of onions for Is cents re-
tail Farmers get as little as three
cents for so pounds.
Some Iowa producers have been
dumping onions in their fields
rather than sell them for A to so
cents per 50-pound bag, less than
25 cents per bag to ship them to
Chicago markets and Is cents for
the bag itself.
Onions of the same grade sold
here at the same time for $1.50
. 50-pound bag wholesale and two
pounds for Is cents or $3.75 per
50-pound bag retail.
Mr.. Gross said this appears to
substantiste" charges he said were
made by the Michigan Onion
Growers Association and relayed
to him by the Iowa Vegetable
Growers Association. These were,
Evening star., 1950-04-06
Dewes Political Star Ascends In Split of State Opposition

This year the ALP must enter
a candidate for Governor or lose
its status as a political party. And
there is doubt as to whether even
the Democrats and Liberals can
get together.
Evening star., 1950-04-06

'nterlng a candidate Tor Senator,
with effect of leaving Mr.. Lehman
the only nominee against the Re-
publican Senatorial incumbent,
John Foster Dulles.
Evening star., 1950-04-06
'Crucifiction' to Be SUMO

The Crucifixion" by Stainer
will be sung by the choir of the
Church of the Holy City at pm.
Friday in the church, Sixteenth
street near O street NV.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27

| is part is taken for building dam
or reservoir or other project.
For example, the land in the Can
yon Ferry reservoir is nearly all ir
rigated. The water right going with
the land could under this Act be TAX
en- with the land by the Administra-
ton but in no other case could the
right be acquired by condemnation.
The water right cannot be taken
apart from the land. 1t is only where
the land itself is acquired. Oppon-
ents of the valley administration
would have the people believe that
the Administration could go up the
valleys of Montana and take the wat
ers of the streams and leave the now
fruitful irrigated land barren des-
ert. 1t just can't be done.
Not only is the right to acquire
water rights limited but so is the
right to take land. Section 1860
permits the Administration to buy
land to establish reclamation prof.
ects "but not by condemnation
16O-Acre Limitation Applies Only To
New Irrigation Projects
The other big scare point is that
the valley administration would make
everyone sell all his land but 16O
acres. The foundation for this pro-
paganda is the provision in the part
of the Act dealing with reclamation
requiring the administration to fix
the maximum size of farm units with
in reclamation projects" established
by the administration. That provi-
sion has no application to lands now
irrigated nor to non-irrigated land,
nor to land to be irrigated in the
future except for lands to be includ-
ed in new reclamation projects es-
abolished by the administration.
The limitation of size of units fol-
oWs the long-established policy und-
er the Reclamation Act of limiting
Continued on Page Sikh
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27

nothing in this Act shall in any way
affect any right of any state or of
the federal government or of any
land owner, appropriation, or any
user of water in, to, or from any
interstate stream or the waters
thereof
This language is clear, it is direct,
it cannot be misunderstood. 1t rec
ognizes the water right law of each
state. 1t specifically provides that
the establishment of the valley adj
ministration shall not in any way in
terfere with or limit existing water
law and the rights of the appropriate
ors. 1t is an absolute guarantee by
Congress that vested rights will be
gives this guarantee.
The Act then goes on to give the
method by which water rights can be
acquired by the valley administration
and the cases in which the admins
tration may acquire water rights by
condemnation.
Section CD reads:
THE Administration shall have
no power to condemn any water
right except as it may be appurte-
nant to land acquired incident to
the construction of dams, reser-
voirs, or other projects or facil-
tiles"
A thing is appurtenant to land when |
the sale of the land automatically car
ries with it the thing that is appurte-
aant. For example, an access road
may be appurtenant to land. The
light to water to irrigate a particul-
ar tract of land is in most cases APP
ourtenant to the land. 1t is part of I
he land itself.
Under this section the only way
water right can be taken by condem-
lation is where the land of which it |
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27
eva. Would Strengthen Water Right Laws

| to study the benefits that would flow
from the creation of a eva.
Let US look at the facts and the
law. A water right is property just
like land is property, or your home is
property. The courts of every state
in the West have so held and so has
every federal court. AS property it
is subject to the same protection any
private property is given.
Fifth Amendment To Constitution
Applies To Water Rights
The all-important Fifth Amend
ment to the Constitution of the Unit
ed States provides that no person
shall be deprived of life, liberty or
property, without due process of law;
nor shall private property be taken
for public use without just compen-
sation". That amendment means
just what it says, and Congress has
no power to pass any law which per-
mits the Reclamation Bureau, the
Army Engineers or Valley Author
ity to take water rights of any other
property except after due process of
law or by court condemnation and
payment of just compensation. Prop
erty can only be taken upon con-
demnation where it is taken for
necessary public use. For example,
where property is condemned so that
public highways can be built or where
land is condemned as at Fort Peck
so that a dam can be constructed.
In the Columbia Valley. Admins
tration bill the right to secure water
rights or any other property by con-
demnation is very strictly limited.
The valley administration will have
much less power to acquire property
or water rights by condemnation than
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27

ton will be right here in the Pacific North
west Our people can confer with the men
who will have the power, first to recommend
plans for development, and then, when Con-
gress has approved those plans to carry them
out promptly and efficiently.
Instead of three cabinet heads of the In
terror, War and Agriculture departments in
Washington, &C., making recommendations
to Congress for adoption of plans for resource
development and conservation, these three
commissioners of eva, who will be living
here among US, would be making those plans
and recommendations
Centralized Authority Control
With all the work of the Reclamation Serv-
ice, War Department Engineers and the Bon
neville Power Administration centered in
eva, and all the planning for the other boards
and bureaus having to do with our resources
being done by eva, we would have unity
of approach to the conservation and develop
ment of our resources which will be most adj
vantageous to this area.
With all of this Capitalization of respon-
sbility, we would still have a decentralization
of the control of the government agencies
right here in the Northwest.
Amendments Can Meet Objections
Most of those who oppose eva do not
attack the corporation method of developing
and conserving the resources In fact, some
opponents admit it would be more efficient
method. They attack certain minor provi-
sions relating to water rights or state rights
or other details of the powers granted, any
of which could be easily cured by amendment.
They all disregard the provisions for the
control by Congress set forth above. They
refuse to give any consideration to the
derful success of IVA and disregard the prac-
teal operation of IVA by which Congress
controls it most rigidly.
Congress Is Always Supreme
1t should be added here that the argument
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27
Bv JUDGE LEFT ERICKSON
Montana Committee For eva

Montana Committee For eva
Fear DESTROYS reason. The logical
way to develop a river basin is thru
a valley administration patterned
after the Tennessee Valley Authority.
The IVA was established as yard
stick. 1t was an experiment. 1t has
been successful beyond any of the
most optimistic dreams of those who
advocated it.
What IVA has done in the Ten
nessee valley with its limited re-
sources and backward conditions,
Columbia Valley Administration could
do ten-fold better in the rich, unde-
veloped Columbia basin of the North
west. Reason and logic call for the
massage of the eva act. Anyone
who studies and understands the bill
must be for it.
Knowing this, the power companies
of the Northwest, aided and abetted
by their stooge organizations, have
started campaign of fear.
The campaign is built around the
constantly repeated statement that
a Columbia Valley Administration
will take away your water rights.
Your rich, irrigated land will be-
come desert once more, they cry.
The statement is not true and it
cannot be true so long as the Fed
eral Constitution exists.
The power company propagandists
know their campaign is false but
that does not stop them. But, that
is no reason the intelligent people
of the Northwest who live on irri-
gated farms and ranches should be-
lieve the propaganda and thus fail
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27
The Case For Columbia Valley Administration .

that eva would defy Congress or even dis
regard it, is most ridiculous No Federal of
ficial defies Congress, not even the Presi-
dent. Congress holds two supreme powers
over every official of the Government, first,
the purse strings by which it can cut off all
pay of all officials and second, the power of
impeachment and conviction.
No New Powers Over Water Rights
Opponents of the eva try to brighten the
people of the Northwest, particularly those
engaged in irrigation, by claiming it gives
new powers to eva by which it could take
away their water rights and override state
rights and the interests of the people gener-
ally
The Solicitor of the Interior Department
and Chief Counsel of the Reclamation Service
in an opinion on the eva bill, inserted in the
Senate Hearings, July 6, 1949, page 885, said:
There is nothing in the bill, it's terms
or otherwise, that would grant eva any
greater authority, with conse-
quent possibility of legal impact exist
ing private rights water) than has long
been established and recognized under
Constitution, statutes and judicial
determinations inherent in existing
governmental agencies"
He said the limitation on the power to con-
denim any water right is stricter than the
standard governing other agencies.
Payment of Taxes on Federal Properties
Another good feature of the House and
Senate bills is the power given to eva to
make payments in lieu of taxes The only
objection made by opponents of eva re-
garding this proviso is that it does not go far
enough. They seem to overlook the fact that
under the present system no Government Off
cial has any authority to pay anything at all
in lieu of taxes on Federal property.
Under similar provision the IVA has been
paying millions of dollars each year to local
governments in the Tennessee Valley. In
1949 IVA paid $2,050,OOO. The public ag-
encies distributing IVA electric power paid
$2,9O5, 900. This is a total of S4955, OOO
That is almost 100000. 1t is nearly twice
as much as was formerly paid by private
owners of power properties and lands cover
ed by water in reservoirs behind the dams
operated by IVA.
Our states, counties and towns of Montana,
Idaho, Washington and Oregon need a few
million dollars in lieu of taxes on the great
dams and power distribution lines built and
building in the Columbia river drainage area
Research and Experimental Work
Another great advantage to the Pacific
Northwest will be that eva will have power
to do research and experimental work in
nection with resource development. Here
again every dollar it spends in this manner
must first be approved by Congress- just as
Congress now inquiries into and approves or
disapproves the expenditures by IVA for
such purposes. The bill gives no authority to
the eva to go into business except in the
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27
BY CLARENCE C. DILL, Former us
Senator, State of Washington


BY creating Columbia Valley Administra-
tlon, Congress would cut across the historical
lines OF divided authority by Federal bur-
eaus. Instead of 25 or 80 boards, bureaus
and sub-agencies with. divided duties and
powers, Congress by this plan would give all
the responsibility of resource development to
one UNIFIED aforementioned corporation.
Ihs Government corporation would oper-
ate and administer the many different kinds
OF Government programs of conservation and
development. Every act of this corporation
would be under the control of Congress, just
as the large number of uni-functional boards
bureaus and sub-agencies now are.
A eva Must Go To Congress Each Year
Section IL, subsection (b) of both the
House and Senate bills specifically provide
that a eva 'shall be subject to control as
provided" in the Government Corporation
Control Act. That means eva will be re-
CURED to report to the Budget in detail each
year all of its expenditures for the past year
and justify all the expenditures it proposes
to make. This becomes necessary because
of the requests for funds for the coming year
which the Bureau of the Budget will make to
the appropriation committees for the purpose
of securing the approval of Congress.
The IVA operates under this law at pres
ent, just eva would be required to do
In 1949 the IVA presented budget report
of 80 pages, justification and explanation
of 300 pages, and the testimony before the
House committee on appropriations alone by
IVA officials covered 200 pages. These re-
ports and the testimony go into detail con-
corning the appropriations for which IVA
asked. 1t explained in detail also the propos-
ed uses of the corporation funds which the
Government corporation collects and expends
in the area where it operates.
Section II, Subsection (c) prohibits the
corporation from initiating any project
without first securing the approval of Con-
gress.
In face of these two provisions, it is clear
that when those who oppose eva charge that
the three commissioners will be dictators be-
yond the control of Congress, they speak by
their imagnations and not by the provisions
of the proposed law.
The Corporation Method Is Business Method
Private citizens who engage in big business
operations have long used the corporation
as the most efficient instrumentality for get
ting things done promptly and efficiently
Why should not the Government also use it?
In the development of resources a Gov.
eminent corporation can cut through all the
red tape which handicaps and delays boards,
bureaus and sub-agencies which are depend
ent upon the approval of cabinet officials for
each step they take.
Cabinet Heads In Washington Or eva
Commissioners Here
Instead of decisions being made finally by
,ead officials Of this Government corpora
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27

the Bureau of Reclamation has now.
First, the Act provides in Section
10 (a):
"No provision for work of irri-
CATION in or under this Act shall be
construed as affecting or intend
ing to affect or in anyway to inter-
fere with the laws of any State re-
lating to the control, appropriation,
use, or distribution of water used
for domestic, irrigation, mining, or
industrial purposes, or any vested
right acquired Hereunder, and the
Administration, in carrying out the
provisions of the Act, shall proceed
in conformity with such laws, and
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27

most limited manner in carrying forward it's
research and experimental work.
High Grade Fertilizer
The IVA fertilizer development has given
farmers high grade fertilizer with 48 per
cent of fertilizer ingredients, instead of 16
per cent, with the other "a per cent compos-
ed of sawdust, sand or other worthless mater
ials The fertilizer trusts refuses to make
this high grade fertilizer. The result has
been that Congress has approved TWAS en-
largement of its production to aid farmers.
Farmers have found the cost of applying the
high grade fertilizer reduced from $500 to
so cents per acre.
This authority to conduct research work
with its corporate funds in cooperation with
our state educational institutions can be of
great service in the Pacific Northwest The
development of new processes for smelling
low grade ores, particularly copper and iron,
and process to extract aluminium from
our Pacific Northwest clays, is of the highest
Importance to the future development of our
resources
The Test of Experience
Congress had to pass three bills for the de-
velopment of the Tennessee Valley before
IVA became law, because Presidents Cool
idge and Hoover vetoed the first two bills.
Every charge of dictatorship, disregard of
local influences and the invasion of state
rights now being made against the formation
of eva, was made against the creation of
IVA.
Now after 16 years of highly successful
experience, the opponents of eva make the
same old charges in the same old way
Thomas Jefferson said that few years of
experience in Government is worth century
of predictions We have the testimony of
those who have lived under IVA for the past
16 years. What do they say?
All Glasses of People Approve the IVA
Every Governor of the seven states in
which IVA has operated is enthusiastic in
his support. All the Congressman and Sena-
tors from those states are strong supporters
of IVA.
Every Chamber of Commerce of every i'm
portant town in the Tennessee valley is
strong booster for it. All of the big news
papers, the banks, the business men, the farm
ers, the recreation and wild life boosters, in
fact, all classes of people, loud in their
praise of what it has done for that section.
The latest report by IVA shows an in
crease of 440 per cent in the average incomes
of the people of the Tennessee valley compar-
ed with 260 per cent for the entire United
States. This has been accomplished by TWAS
cooperation with state and local authorities.
A eva VIII Bring Big Benefits
Our needs and problems in the Pacific
Northwest are widely different from those of
the Tennessee valley, but the opportunities
for growth and development here make
eva equally desirable. We need a similar
part of the government in Washington, DC,
brought to this region.
way is part is taken for building dam
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1950-01-27

most limited manner in carrying forward its
research and experimental work
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-06-07
Moving Heavy Arm Chair Is Made
Easy By New Invention In Norway

Housewives have always felt
the need for a device that would
permit the easy moving about of
heavy arm-chairs. Inventors in
many lands Rave occupied them
selves with this problem but the
solutions proposed have either
been too complicated to lend them
selves easily to lOw-cOst mass pro-
duction, or they have not offered
sufficient guarantees of smooth
ness and reliability Of operation.
A satisfactory solution has now
been found The so-called VIPP
chair-wheel invented in Norway
and now patented in most coun-
tries, provides a very ingenious
and simple solution in the shape of
two small wheels which are
brought into play by a slight back
ward fitting of the chair.
The VIPP mechanism consists
OF two wheel-arms enclosed in
castings along which they can
move freely. The castings are
mounted on the inside of the chair
frame, one on each side. When the
chair Is tipped backwards the
wheels fall into position and the
chair may be wheeled about the
room without the slightest diff
Guilty. A forward tilt is all that is
needed to put the chair on its feet
again. The mechanism, operating
solely by gravitation. could not be
more simple. BY means of the
VIPP the heaviest armchair can
be moved by a child.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-06-07
King Gustav
Returns Home

King Gustav has returned to
Stockholm recently from his forty
third winter vacation on the
French Riviera He left Stock
holm on February %.
In his private railway car he
was welcomed home by Crown
Prince Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prin-
cess Louise and other members of
the royal family. as well as by
Prime Minister Tage Erlander and
Birger Ekeberg. Lord High Cham
berlain of the Realm. DR.. HAL
mar Casserman. first court physi-
clan, told newspapermen that the
railway trip from France to Stock
holm had somewhat taxed the
strength Of the nearly ninety-two-
year-old king.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1950-06-07
Signal System For
Riksdaq Lavatories

The signal system in the Swe-
dish Riksdag, by which members
of the two houses are notified
when voting will take place-one
not for those of the First Cham
Der, two for members of the Sec
ond chamber-may be further ex-
tended. 1t now reaches into the
restaurants, the library, and the
reading and writing rooms Re-
Gently, however, two members of
the Farmers Union did not hear
the call and thus were absent at
the voting on an important meas
ure. The Riksdag now suggests
installing signal apparatus.