davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-05-28

Students 12-16), 60c.
Children Under IL, SOC.
Saturday Special. 35c to PM.
10 Am. Till 10 Pm. Daily,
Including Sundays and Hoiidays
Evening star., 1950-10-20

from shell blasts. Hence the original
name.
Between wars, the Army suffered
from ''screeningitis." The belief was that
psychoneurosis could be practically wiped
out by testing and screening to eliminate
those who would break down.
But World War II showed that many
men. who should have become psyche
neurotic cases according to the tests,
performed well. Others, who came
through the tests with flying colors,
cracked up. The present testing system
is aimed at eliminating existing rather
than potential cases of mental disorder.
Men. Of course, suffer psychoneurosis
in all branches of the armed forces both
in and out of the fighting area. But the
going is roughest for the foot soldier.
Detailed combat fatigue data on the
Korean fighting is not yet available The
rate may prove to be little higher than
World War II because this has been an
unusually hard campaign. But the general
pattern will remain about the same,
psychiatrists say.
This pattern is shown in study Of
large World War II invasion. The
number of psychoneurotic cases fell
sharply after the first days of combat.
Evening star., 1950-10-20
BY Charles E. TroceweN

large, and I would Judge weighed three
and half to four pounds, while the
hawk was about the size of a game
chicken hen. would say that his wing
spread was about two feet or thirty
inches, and I would judge his weight
about the same as the rabbits.
do you think the hawk could have
carried the rabbit away if he had caught
it, or would he have torn him to pieces
and devoured him on the ground? cd
itor's note-The latter)
1T would have been interesting to
have seen this incident come to conclu-
sion, a survival of the fittest.- feel that
the rabbit was fair game for the hawk
and of course the rabbit had his rights
to self preservation. Best regards,
Yours truly, A. F. j."
From a proud mother, Mrs r. L. E. of
Takoma Park:
II was reading your column the other
night and became quite interested in it
and the different things people write
about. Maybe you could be of some help
to us.
"We have little girl who was three
years old this past May and before she
was even three, she could name any new
car on the road and few old ones-but
now she has us so amazed we thought
she could be used on quiz program or
something
"She really knows her cars and at that
age-every one says it is remarkable. We
don't want to be Dragging about our lit
tie girl, but it's shame to let that talent
go to waste"
Evening star., 1950-10-20
This and That

and black tail but retains the brown
wings.
I'm this garb he comes to us again.
mates and breeds.
After the nesting season he has his
first full molt after which the body is
again yellow-green. with the entire wing
becoming clear black
Away he goes South again, much re-
sembling the female, but both wings and
tail are now black.
while in the South, he acquires a red
dress again, this time deeper color.
when he comes North, he is arrayed
in his full adult beauty.
THE color of the body is changed
twice year thereafter-from scarlet to
yellowish- green in the North, and from
yellowish- green to scarlet in the South,
each time passing through a dappled
stage of red and green. but with black
tail and wings
"A few freak males have bright yellow
plumage.
Surely this is one of the most Won
derful birds to visit U.S."
Near tragedy:
while playing golf at the United
States Soldiers Home course, at No. 4
tee, my partner said, What was that?'
It was about three feet back of his
heels-a rabbit making great leaps, and
hawk almost on his back. The hawk
sheared away when he saw US, and the
rabbit made two more leaps into the
underbrush.
'The rabbit appeared to be unusually
Evening star., 1950-10-20

when "the men are separated from the
boys" Then, after about five months of
combat, more and more men suffered
combat fatigue.
Typical of sturdy and brave men who
finally crack up is 28-year- old staff
sergeant who had served rs months over
seas with 280 days in combat He had
been wounded twice. once in hand to
hand combat at Casino. The roof fell
in on him at Anzio. He told an Army
psychiatrist:
when lost II men in one day, that
was the beginning. lost the medics and
had to take care of the wounded myself
1t makes me feel pretty sad to lose
all those men at once. carried on the
best I could because I thought could
make it.
Il was always able to take it. But the
captain told me to go back and see the
battalion medics. was just nervous and
couldn't handle my job. Every time I
would get under shellf1re I had 40 men
to control. My place wasn't in the rear
OF the platoon. just couldn't do it,
The experience of this sergeant illus
trates the point made by a top mill
tary pSychiatrist when he said "after so
long in battle, men just wear out, like
machines
Evening star., 1950-10-20
DARLINGTON, Va.

oN, va.
Dear Sir:
"It is possible that the beautiful pale
yellow bird that ate bread in the yard
on Twenty fifth street was female scar
let tanager or one this seasons nestlings.
Our male tanager, in his fall suit,
spent some time in a dogWood tree by my
window about week ago. His wings
and long tail were still black, but he was
soft yellow green instead of the gor-
geous red of springtime.
''We have had pair of tanagers in
the wooded lot next door for eight or nine
summers We like to believe that the
same pair returns. They were very
friendly and tame this summer
Both parents came often to our back
yard during the nesting season. They
carried bread away. Arlingtonians have
remarked about the number and tame
ness of the tanagers this summer.
II suggest that you print again this
clipping from one Of your own columns
of several years ago.
THANK you so much for your column.
Sincerely. e. T. A."
Complying:
'The scarlet tanager. very breath of
the tropics, goes through several elabo-
rate color changes.
I'm the striped nesting plumages the
two sexes look alike. In his first fall
plumage the male is yellower and has
browner wings than the young female.
"He goes to South America in this
dress for his first winter. In the land of
sunshine he acquires a pale red body
Evening star., 1950-10-20
Immortality

In all advertising mediums today
billboards, sign posts, newspapers, maga-
zines, radio and television and screen
there is an avalanche of desecration.
Names sacred to the native-born Ameri-
can are perpetually used to advertise
merchandise, intoxicants and mild an
esthetics.
1t seems to me there should be halt
somewhere. The names of George WASH
ington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin
Franklin and scores of others who were
responsible for great deeds in this coun-
try, are being prostituted, appearing as
names for Intoxicating liquors, tobaccos.
hotels, rooming houses, eating places
and so many other items and establish
ments that it is impossible to number
them.
To use the higher things to promote
the lower things is to cheaper them. 1t
is time the Federal Government makes
laws to prohibit this practice.
G. B. w.
Evening star., 1950-10-20
A Plea for Sanity

President Darden of the University of Vir
glnia has brought into the open the sham and
hypocrisy which surrounds the National COL
legiate Athletic Associations so-called sanity
code.
The main difficulty with the sanity code,
which Is intended to control and restrict financial
help to athletes, arises from the fact that it
limits aid to free tuition and the payment of
certain institutional fees
President Darden says that Virginia is not
complying for the simple reason that it cannot
comply, and that this being so, it will not 20
through the motions of pretending that it is in
compliance.
AS any schoolboy knows, college football has
become big business. This probably is an un-
healthy thing, but a fact is a fact. Through
their alumni or some other Device the colleges
with the big-name teams that pack the stadums
with paying customers on Saturday afternoons
are paying out hundreds of thousands of dollars
each year on football. Yet these schools, in the
main, are listed as being in compliance with
the code, which reduces the whole business to
farce
President Darden says that the total of
alumni contributons-all of the money that was
available for athletes at Virginia last year
amounted to less than $32 900. OF this total
$26,894,5o went to football players. For varsity
players there were eight scholarships of $1,O40
each three of $840 and ~ others for smaller
amounts ranging from $3.50 down. The balance
went to the freshmen.
With this outlay, Virginia was able to put
on the field a reasonably good football team
and to survive the test of the gate receipts
And the players had time for their academic work
as we'll as for football. If this can be done at
Virginia it can be done at other colleges. It will
rc,.2r be done, however, until the NCAA adopts
a sa'iiy code with some element of sanity in it.
Evening star., 1950-10-20
Letters to The Star

disregard for the constitutional rights of
decent citizens.
believe it was unmitigated gall on the
part of Police Capt. Anthony Richitt to
say that it seemed strange to him that
Williams should make the statements at
this time" I'll tell Capt. Rchitt why,
in my opinion. Mr.. Williams did not
make his accusations earlier. Mr.. Will
llams was in the tolls of the police,
force that apparently considers every
one guilty until proven innocent.
No one Squawks louder or brings forth
more ludicrous and phoney alibis than
when cop or other minion of the law
gets into trouble. When Capt Richitt
became involved in a departmental
squabble with Chief Barrett recently,
Richitt's vengeful yowls could be heard
from here to California. Reversing the
situation, why didn't he squawk sooner?
1t would also be highly interesting to
know why he finally stopped bleating.
Thank God that Mr.. Williams was en-
doWed with such great courage and un-
blemished character that he refused to
plead guilty and could not be initimi-
dated. Only a man of inherent sterling
character could take every test the law
has devised and emerge clean and un-
Sullied.
do not know Mr.. Williams. But
want to humbly apologize to him for his
tragic treatment by my unthinking and
unworthy countrymen who, unfortu-
nately, were clothed with the mantle of
the law" I ferently trust that all i'm
portant newspapers will publicize his
case, with the hope that 1t will stimulate
Congress into constructive action. Mr..
Williams should be fully reimbursed
dollar for dollar-for everything this
has cost him. s.
Evening star., 1950-10-20
Remedies

Keme0leS
Here is a way for the Nation to cut
down its traffic accident rate and its
selective service rejection rate at the
same time.
Let each State (and the District Of
Columbia) set up standing rule that
no one who has failed the selective serv-
Ice mental test will be allowed to obtain
or retain a drivers license. Certainly
anyone who isn't intelligent enough to
serve in the armed forces isn't intelli-
gent enough to operate motor vehicle
on the public highways. This ruling
could be carried over into the physical
field, too, as regards the visual test. at
least.
To avoid any undue hardship in the
case OF those who may not have tried
as hard as they could in an earlier mental
test, they could be given an opportunity
to take it again-and thereby qualify
to drive an automobile, and to serve their
country as well.
I. M. Ferritt.
Again, this November, disgustingly few
people will vote. In order for our DEM
ocratic system to survive as such, it
must live in the people and must be
reflected by their voting. We not only
have right to vote, but it is inherent
in our Government that people be NOR
ally obligated to vote.
A penalty poll tax" would increase
the voters and hit the non-voters for
change. That is: Tax every one IS,
payable only at the local city hall. If
a person votes, he need not pay tax
the following year, but if he doesn't vote
then he must go down to the city hall,
newspapers take his name. Either to
save money or the nuisance, more peo-
pie would vote.
M A, r
Evening star., 1950-10-20
France and Western Defense

In the collective security system being
gained under the twelve-nation North Atlantic
Treaty, French ground forces constitute one of
the most important single factors in the overall
effort of the Western world to defend itself
against the threat of Red aggression.
That is why France, in order to discharge its
responsibilities key member of the Atlantic
Pact, has drafted a three-year preparedness
program under which it will spend total of
$500, 900. This sum is to be devoted Cd to
the modernization of the countrys existing
forces ~ to increased military production and
(3) to the creation of IS completely new divisions
over and above the five that the French have
available in Europe right now.
But this program as pointed out at the time
of its anpouncement in August cannot be carried
out without large-Scale American help. Accord
ingly, as result of the discussions that have just
been completed here by the top defense and
finance officials of our two countries the United
States has agreed to earmark for France between
80 and 40 per cent of the Sc, 900 900 900 already
appropriated by Congress for military assistance
to Europe and the Far East What this means is
that the French, during 1851 will receive from us
something like 81 400 O000O0 in the form of tanks,
artillery, planes, munitions and other types of
ornaments aid.
According to spokesmen for both countries,
this Franco-American agreement-which in
cludes provisions for high-priority action as
regards Indo-China-will make it possible for
the French, by the end of 1851, not merely to
modernize their existing five divisions in Europe
but also to organize and fully equip five addi-
tional ones. AS for the ten others to be created
under Frances three-year program comparable
aid presumably will have to be advanced by
the United States to bring them into being on
schedule with the help of further arms shipments
Assuming that all this is carried through to
fulfllment in accord with whatever notifications
may be agreed upon when the Atlantic Pacts
twelve-nation Defense Committee meets here
later this month, France is likely to have 20
top-notch divisions at the close of 1858 or not
very long thereafter. Taken together with the
increased ground strength to be made available
by the United States, Britain and the other Pact
powers (Western Germany is to participate, too,
though its exact role has yet to be determined),
these divisions will be the major French contri-
button to the integrated force now being worked
out to cope with the threat to free Europe.
All told, that force is supposed to be made
up ultimately of upwards of 40 or IS divisions.
The projected figure may seem to be completely
dwarfed by the huge armies already available to
Russia. Yet, when combined with the Vests air
armadaS and its unrivaled naval strength, these
Atlantic forces-equipped with new weapons
which may offset the advantage of numer-
ical superiority in tank and in" ~ warfare-
can do a great deal to charge the E ropean
Evening star., 1950-10-20
What They KnowAbout Combat Fatigue
By Ted Mcdowell

TN THE FIRST World War they called
l. it shell shock During World War II,
they hit on the nicer sounding combat
fatigue" But to the soldier torn men
tally by the stresses and strains of battle
it's all the same. AS one corporal said
in Korea as he puffed hungrily on a
cigarette:
Combat fatigue. he'll. cracked up"
The corporal had a point. PSYCHE
artists say fatigue in itself has little to
do with this psychoneurotic phenom-
enon. The Army also recognizes
physical phenomenon, which it calls
combat exhaustion" but there is no
connection between the two ailments.
Some soldiers can go days without
sleep or proper food, plodding hundreds
of miles. They are fatigued if any one
ever was. Still they don't crack up
nervously. Others suffer combat
fatigue" before they hit the beach. But
any man will break down If the strain
is severe enough.
To understand combat fatigue best,
picture scale. The weights on one
side are the sights and sounds of battle,
the fear of death, the fear. of being
coward. On the other side are the forces
which hold man together under these
StrainS-a feeling of cloSeneSs to his
fellow men, good leadership and high
morale, for instance.
II the stresses outweigh the supports,
combat fatigue is likely to result. the
psychiatrists say.
But combat fatigue is usually only
temporary. Most soldiers can return to
battle after rest and counseling. And
usually they perform as we'll as fresh
troops.
AS matter of fact, the Army doesn't
want soldiers with combat fatigue to
feel they are sick. Most of them are
treated near the fighting front. hos
pital atmosphere is avoided. Only the
most serious cases are evacuated to base
hospitals About 80 per cent are re-
turned to their fighting units.
1t wasn't until the North African cam
paign in World War II that the Army
learned much about combat fatigue
treatment Before then, only 10 per
cent returned to their units.
The reason for the difference, the
Army says. is this technique Of forward
area treatment If man is evacuated
hundreds of miles, he is apt to feel
sicker than he is. And the further away
from the front he gets. the less he wants
to go back.
It's like the old saying that if you fall
on horse, get back on right away. If
you don't. fear becomes a serious
problem.
The experts have come long way in
their understanding of combat fatigue
since World War I, when a common be-
lief was that the cause was shock waves
Evening star., 1950-10-20
Orchestra Season 1o50-7951

The twentieth season of the National Sym
phony Orchestra promises to be the best in its
history thus far Conductor Howard Mitchell
seems to have tried deliberately to arrange the
26 programs to be given with variety in mind
He has mixed what he has to offer so that music
lovers of every class should be pleased. More
than 80 famous artists have been engaged as
solosts. These stars include the pianists Guiomar
Novaes, Claudio Arrau, Earl Wild, Margaret
Toson, Myra Hess Agi Jambor, Jorge Bolet and
Oscar Levant, the violinists Isaac Sterm Zinc
Francescatti, Erica Morini and Werner Lywen
the cellist John Martini the harpist Sylvia Meyer
and the clarinetist Artie Shaw Guest conductors
will be Ernest Ansermet, Leonard Bernstein and
Leopold Stokowski. The Washington and Cathe
dral Choral Societies and the Washington-Lee
Chorus are to appear. And all of this for $21 40
an average of tri1e more than 80 cents per
ticket.
Of course choicer seats run higher. The top
admission is $55 for the season. Most people,
however, prefer the less expensive locations. No
matter where one sits in Constitution Hall, it is
feasible to hear satisfactorily. Mr.. Mitchell,
skilled in the management of his ensemble of
players, knows how to place" his music. What
he will need to achieve the best possible results
will be the cooperation of capacity audiences.
Nothing else helps a conductor so much as the
encouragement of working for enthusiastic lis
teners. The same observation applies to even
the most recent apprentice to join the company.
That is the reason why each individual musician
locks out into the hall as he comes upon the
stage He is curious to see what size crowd is
ATTENDING If the auditorium is filled, he feels
challenged to do his best to justify the COM
pment
The orchestra as whole has developed
natural pride as the years have passed. 1t has
noble traditions to remember, fine aspirations to
lstrive to fulfill. When the 195O1951 season begins
next Wednesday evening, it will be prepared to
merit the maximum of public support. Arrange
ments for the sale of tickets have been expanded
so that there currently are eight additional dis
itribution centers. Tickets may be purchased in
blocks for family or group use. They may be
charged at the Hecht Company stores and paid
for as merchandise. Everything is being done
for the patrons and the patrons can do their
part by subscribing now For their subscriptions
60 to support of the orchestra and without them
1t would cease to exist.
Evening star., 1950-10-20

balance of power in such way as to persuade
the Kremlin that aggression has become far too
hazardous and improbable to be tried.
At any rate, that is the hope of the United
States and it's Allies as they move forward now
in great cooperative effort to achieve collective
security. The hope is not forlorn. If the tasks
it entails are pushed through to completion, the
Russians-sobered by the resolution and strength
of the free world-may we'll decide to change
their ways and agree to a general settlement
insuring peace for long time.
Evening star., 1950-10-20
Britain Can't Support
IS Million of Its People
Second Only to Jopon
For Crowding, Study Shows
By Thomas R. Henry

Great Britain has Is million people
more than she can support. This Is a
major reason for her present economic
troubles, and the only solution Is whole
sale immigration. Such is the conclusion
of the Population Reference Bureau.
In report, the bureau says: mo other
country in the world, with the exception
Of Japan, is as crowded as the United
Kingdom. Italy. Germany and India
contain less than half as many people
per square mile of arabic land.
Britain was able to increase her popu-
1ation from about 20 million to 49 million
during the last 100 years because of her
supremacy in industry, trade, naval force
and foreign assets. Today, she is supreme
in none Of these categories and the trends
in her vital coal production. exports and
foreign assets have been downward since
1918.
Migration Is Problem.
1.-THE Is million surplus population
is practically certain to continue her
chronic crisis. But If these people were
moved to thinly inhabited countries,
such as Canada and Australia, they
would be valuable asset to world peace
and prosperity"
Admittedly, the report says, exporting
at least Is million people will not be an
easy job. but it will be far easier and less
expensive to move a 140-pound person
once than to move 1,40O pounds every
year to support that person.
Ireland, the report says, decreased her
population so per cent in less than
century through emigration and thus
raised her level of living from that Of
fha drnnrhn1Icn ~ T,1rN $n &6a% -
one Of Europe's most prosperous eoun-
tries.
There is no basis for claims that
Antarctica is two continents or two great
islands like New Zealand.
This is the assertion Of Comdr. Finn
Rome, writing in the journal Of the
Explorers Club, on the basis Of air
observations below the foot Of the Palmer
Peninsula made during his 1947 -48 expe.
dition.
The possibility that the land might
be split in two by broad channel run
ming between the Ross and Weddell Seas
was one that the Navy expedition which
was Cancelled by Secretary johnson
planned to explore by use Of the magne-
tometer which reveals the contour Of land
underlying ice.
Coast Inaccessible.
A major reason for doubt in the past
has been the inaccessibility Of the We'd
dell Sea coast. Even yet, no ship has
been able to make landing on the great
ice-shef with It's 100-foot-high cliffs,
comparable to the Ross Shelf on the
other side OF the continent. There has
been no way Of determining whether the
sea continued inland and speculation has
continued.
Comdr. Rome few over the disputed
area on his farthest south flight. follow
ing the mountainous coast line which lay
south of the shelf.
OF the prospect over the area where
the break, if any, would occur he says:
From our elevation of 1o,500 feet we
could see up to 200 miles In all direc-
tions except that from which We came
could be seen only the everlasting snow
covered nothingness Not even piece
of rock stuck its head through the sur
face. If any strait connected the two
seas, It would have to be within the limit
OF our vision at this salient point"