davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-08-23
Senote's Control Bill Appeoses
Interests, Morse Tells Printers

advocated a $40 payment, as well
as compensation for widows.
An address by Labor Secretary
Tobin late in the afternoon and
a memorial service for deceased
former convention delegates were
the only parts of the third days
session that were not devoted to
discussion of the numerous pro-
poSals.
The convention selected Atlanta
for its annual meeting next year
The vote was 257 for Atlanta and
112 for Chicago.
Tobin Assails Taft Act.
Secretary Tobin attacked the
Tatt-Hartley Act and vigorously
defended the Truman Administra-
tion's handling of foreign rela-
tions.
1.-THE administration" he said,
"has successfully contained Com
munism on every front - in
Greece, in Italy and in many
other places. Now comes the first
overt act of aggression in Korea.
We will continue to oppose Com
munist aggression wherever it
tries to stamp out liberty"
He criticized current Congress
sional critics who, he charged.
voted against the Administration S
earlier measures to block COM
munism and Soviet moves in Eur
ope.
Describing the Taft-Hartley
Act as "a crack In our armor that
can decrease our national produc-
tivity." Secretary Tobin urged the
union members to work for its
repeal.
Evening star., 1950-08-23

Senator Morse, Republican, OF
Oregon, charged in an Interna-
tional Typographical Union con-
vention speech here today that
the economic control bill passed
by the Senate this week was ''hon-
eycombed with appeasement OF
special interests"
A former member of the Nation
al Labor Relations Board, he also
accused business leaders of stag
ing Samson act" by trying to
pull down American labor by the
Taft-Hartley law.
Calling for Senate labor man
agement subcommittee hearings
on enforcement policies of the
NLRB and General Counsel Rob-
ert N. Denham, Senator Morse
accused Mr.. Denham of having
'abused the arbitrary, capricious
power invested in his Office" He
said that the subcommittee is
looking into the ITU complaints
about the way that Mr.. Denham
has handled the question of union
compliance with board orders.
National Unity Urged.
Turning to foreign policy, SEN
ator Morse declared that Soviet
Russia intends to lick us the first
time she thinks we are weak
enough" He urged complete ma
tional unity ''to give a clear,
strong demonstration to the world
that we are determined to pre-
serve the peace even if we have
to use military force to prevent
aggression.
He described the Senate's eco
nomic control measure as full of
"appeasement, loopholes for war
profit-making, and projections for
special interests" He predicted
that the voters next November
will demonstrate that they don't
agree with that kind of thing"
Loyalty Oath Urged.
A requirement that candidates
for ITU Offices swear they are not
Communist Party members was
urged by ITU officers.
Delegates will vote, probably to-
morrow or Friday. on the proposal
offered by the laws committee,
with approval expected. At the
same time, they are believed likely
to reject a resolution sponsored by
Washington delegate, James j.
Shea, to have union officers file
non-Communist affidavits with
the National Labor Relations
Board.
The committees proposition,
backed by President Woodruff
Randolph's administration in the
union organization, is one of 1873
to be voted on before adjourn
ment Friday. The convention has
acted on 81. including II last
Monday, but has adopted only 10.
Pension Increase Voted.
The most important approved
yesterday will increase from SIG
to $18 a week the unions pen
sion payment to members who
have reached the age of so, have
a continuous membership of at
least Is years, and are unable
to work because of age or dis
ability.
That resolution replaced 81
separate proposals for revision of
various features of union pension
payments. Several delegations
Evening star., 1950-08-23

IF tsfsA zs So 4.s.ss a.a,a1 "a; e.sg.4
Z. 8@.@
Il ls es.@sn- ~ t9oasueaf a5IT yr9.
-
Evening star., 1950-08-23
Third Rail Fire Stops Trains at Grand Central

The fire itself involved only q
few ties. But it forced a power
cutoff that stalled IS trains.
Some passengers had to wait
the full hour in the tunnel. Others
were led to the street through
emergency exits.
The fire was discovered at $50
pm. at the end of the daily COM
muter rush.
The tracks are used by the New
York Central and the New York,
New Haven & Hartford Railroads.
Evening star., 1950-08-23
BY the Assoeioied Press

NEW YORK, Aug. 23.-An un-
|derground electrical fire stopped
train service for an hour at Grand
Central Terminal last night and
|caused pile-up Of thousands of
commuters and long distance pas
|sengers.
The blaze started with a short
circuit from a third rail in the
huge tunnel below Park avenue
at Forty-ninth street. SMOKE
seeped through street gratin.s
near the Waldorf Astoria and
other fashionable Manhattan ho-
tells that are built on steel piling
over the subterranean rail lines.
Evening star., 1950-08-23
d Lotviun DPS to Make
Home in Wushinaton

Four Latvians among 1857 Dis
placed Persons who arrived in
New York yesterday will live In
Washington.
; They are Austria Grablovska
Is, and Janis Talmanis, 55. and
Anna Talmanis, Sc, with their Is
year-old daughter, Edite. All
four will live at 1400 New Hamp-
shire avenue NV. They are
sponsored by the National Cath
olic Welfare Conference.
Evening star., 1950-08-23
Founder to Be Honored

PRETORIA.-Plans are being
made : for the sculpturing Of
statues Of President M. w. Pre-
torius. founder Of Pretoria, and
his father, Commandant General
A. w. j. Pretorius, after whom
the South African capital was
named. -.
Evening star., 1950-08-23
Lenin's Works Prove
Popular in Romuniu

BUCHAREST Nearly 1000 900
copies of Lenin's works have been
printed in Romania. More than
$50, 900 copies were in Romanian,
lis, 900 in Hungarian, and 5000 in
German
Evening star., 1950-08-23

= ? IF|.--T- = II q =
Don't hoard. The fighting in
Korea has created no food Short
age and none is in immediate
prospect. Let's be sensible. Don't
hoard.
Evening star., 1950-08-23
Energy Equivalent

CHICAGO. - Sugar fixed in
green plant leaves yearly is esti-
mated to represent energy equal
to 800 billion tons of coal.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23
EV. UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH
Mountain Lake Park, Md.
Geo. ". simpson, PASTOR

Loeb Lynn-Sunday School for all
ages 10 a. m. John W. Ream, supt.
Worship and sermon, II a. M, Mr..
Crone, guest speaker; Jr. c. +. $50
p. m, Ardith Ream, supt.; Adult c..
f. p. m, Wilma CAVITY, presidents;
Prayer service, Thursday, 1870 p. M,
Wilma CAVITY, leader.
Paradise-Sunday school for all
ages, 10 a. M, Harry F. Paugh, supt.;
McHenry- Sunday School for all
ages, 10 a. M. Arthur Savage, Supt.;
Worship and sermon. 1880 p. m.
Mt Bethel, Sunday School for all
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23
ENGLISH LUTHERAN
PARISH
Rev. William E. Carlson, Pastor

St. Johns Cove-Service at $3.50 a.
M; Sunday School at 1920 a. m.
st. Paul's, Accident-Sunday School
at 10 a. M; Service at II a. m.
Grace. FIiendsville-Sunday school
at 10 a. M; Service, 1880 p. m.
The Christian Fellowship Class of
st. Johns church will meet Tuesday,
November %, at 500 p. H., at the
church.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23
CHURCH OF ST. PETER THE
ApOSTT r.
SAINT MARKS EVANGELICAL
LUTHERAN CHURCH
d. ,rthnr l 90 Hnrn Haetnr

$3.50 a, m, Church School, classes
for all age groups. Harvey Swartzen-
truber, supt.
1916, Worship Service. Sermon:
"Wise or Foolish" Nursery ior chill
dren during church hour. Visitors in
vited to worship with us
700, Luther League.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23

American forces have suffered 28,-
8si casualties in Korean fighting as
Of Novemher 1G.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23

Bosley has gone to Wellsboro,
Tioga county, Pa, as manager Of the
Tyoga Country Club.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23
THE MAPLE GROVE CHURCH OF
THE BRETHREN

Rev. Richard Grumbling. Pastor
You are invited to attend these
services.
Worship service, 10 o'clock.
Sunday School, II O'clock.
Union Prayer meeting, Wednesday
evening, 1870 o'clock. The group will
meet Friday evening, 1880 o'clock, to
visit the shut-ins.
Bethesda Church
Sunday School, 1000 o'clock.
Worship Service 1900 o'clock.
Laughlin Church
Sunday School, o'clock.
Worship service. 8 o'clock.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23
ST. PAUL'S METHODIST CHURCH
Roy. DenNer {. Dickens. ID ID. Pastnr

$3.50 a. m, Sunday School, with
classes for all members Of the family.
l0:30 a. M, Nursery for children
of pre-school age that the parents
may attend the worship service.
l0:45 a. M, Morning Worship. Ser
mon by Rev. Paul f. Parker, pastor
of the Deep Creek Lake Baptist
Church. The senior choir will sing the
anthem. Lovely Appear" by Gounod.
Mrs. j. L. Bell is the soloist
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23
SANG RUN NJ. f. CHURCH
Rev. Howard Hall. Pastor
Sunday School. 1880 a. m.
ST. JOHNS LUTHERAN CHURCH
Red House

Sunday School at 10 a. m.
Divine Worship at II o'clock, with
the sermon to be delivered b., Donald
Anderson. student from Gettysburg
Seminary.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23

ages, 10 a. M, Mrs. D. T. O'Brien,
supt.
Swanton-Sunday School for all
ages, 10 a. m, Mrs. Mareva Teets,
-upt.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1950-11-23
CHURCH OF THE NAzARENE

CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE
Eight Street, Oakland. Md.
Rev. X. +. BrOhawn, Pastor
Sunday School, 10 a. M; Morning
worship, II a. M; Evening service,
1880 p. m.
Tuesday, Church Prayer meeting.
Friday evening, Cottage Prayer
meeting at the home of Miss Theresa
yelling, Oak street, at 1880 p. m.
Evening star., 1950-12-31

the problem of Japan's unfavor-
able balance of trade. The reason
for this particular development Is
that during the last few months
the conflict between the U. N
forces and the North Koreans and
their Chinese Communist allies
has resulted in record-breaking
demand for japanese industrial
and agricultural products, ranging
from railway rolling stock and
motor vehicles to rubber tires, raw
silk, metalware and machinery
The u. N. forces themselves have
bought a good many of these items
while traders in various countries
fearful of the development o1
shortages in the event of a further
worsening of the world situation
have signed contracts calling fol
the manufacture of a variety o1
goods in the next year.
If international affairs actually
become more strained than they
already are, it is a tossup as te
whether the Japanese will be
able to make the value of their
exports exceed that of their i'm
ports any time in the foreseeable
future. Between September, 1945
and July, 1885,. the value of goods
bought abroad exceeded that o1
goods sold to foreign countries
but this was due to a difference
lin the quality of the products i'm
ported and exported rather thar
to a difference In the price levels
of these products. Since July
1850, however, the gap in Japan'i
| foreign trade has been caused
chiefly by the increases in price.
for both food and raw materials
Japan's two major categories o.
imports.
Evening star., 1950-12-31

turn, was traditionally a vassal
state Of the Manchu Son Of
Heaven in Peking, but the
princes of Malaga and those Of
Cochin China, Laos and Cam
bodia paid homage to the kings
Of the Chakri dynasty.
Napoleon III started it. In
1859. his emissaries managed to
terrify the King of Cochin China
into petitioning Napoleon for
protection against his liege lord
in Bangkok. That was the Begin
ming. Cochin China Is still a
French protectorate, while the
other Indo-C Chinese states Of
AMMAN, Laos and Cambodia
were, until quite recently, mere
colonies. French expansionism
at Siamese expense continued
until 1907 when the provinces Of
Battambang and Siemreap were
added to colonial Cambodia.
Scared by Neighbors
Accordingly, In 1941, when the
japanese suggested that France
return some of these conquests
to Siam, there were still many in
Bangkok who remembered the
helpless fury of the years when
resistance was futile. The treaty
of Tokyo, where a harassed
and bullied French mission
agreed to return Battambang,
Srisophon and Siemreap as well
as territories near Luang Pra-
bang and Pakse, on the eastern
bank of the Mekong, which
France acquired in 1904,
brought the unforgiving Siamese
considerable satisfaction.
1t was satisfaction, however,
that did not long endure. In
1916, French troops reoccupied
the ceded areaS-wherever they
could take them from the guer-
rillas-but attempted to placate
the Siamese by promising a re-
examination of the question by
a commission from three
neutral nations. This has not
yet been possible.
Britain's intrusion upon Siam
commenced with Singapore and
Penang. While Singapore had
previously been held by the
Portuguese and the Dutch.
Penang was the property Of
Slams vassal, the Sultan Of
Kedah, and the Sultan's head
was removed as a penalty. This
was in 1786. In 1909, Britain
completed the last of a series Of
transfers from Siamese owner
ship with the adoption of the
bordering provinces of Kedah,
K elan tan, Trengganu and
Perlis.
China'S emergency as a hos
tile threat to Siam is, therefore,
still a novelty, while the scars
inflicted by Slams neighbors to
the east and south are still
Smarting.
Under these circumstances,
the indifference of the govern
ment to the smuggling of arms
and ammunition to the rebels
and guerrillas of Indo-C China
and Malaga is, at least, human.
What remains to be seen is
whether or not this indifference
will continue under the domina-
ton of the occupation forces of
Moscow's Chinese puppet, a
prospect which darkens the fu-,
ture for every intelligent Thai.
Evening star., 1950-12-31
AirfieIds on
Floating Ice?
By Robson Black

MONTREAL.-The Arctic In
Btitute of North America, with
Joint headquarters at Montreal
and Washington, has learned of
the discovery of great floating
plateaux of ice moving about the
polar seas. They were found by
the reconnaissance squadron of
the United States Air Force,
which flies from Alaska to the
North Pole and back three to
four times weekly, and have been
reported to the Arctic Institute
and the military authorities of
Canada and the United States.
AS useful landing fields for the
heaviest modern bomber types,
the islands are said to present no
serious difficulty in rapid adapta-
tion. One of them measures 18
by 20 miles, the surface is covered
with low parallel ridges 500 feet
wide and looking much like a
plowed field. In no way do the
islands resemble ordinary ice
bergs. Nor are they what is
called "sea ice"-usually 6 to IL
feet thick-and subject to sudden
buckling, cracking, and midsum-
mer melting. They are relatively
fiat plateaux firmly upheld by a
base 20n feet thick
AS far as is known, no aircraft
has ever landed on an ice island
although a Russian flight of four
engine planes, much lighter in
weight than transocean airliners
made landings at the North
Pole on ice surfaces not more than
10 feet thick. While sections o1
the islands are said by. Arctic f1iers
tc be smooth enough to land on
1t is regarded as quite feasible tc
level off any desirable area by the
use of "bulldozers" parachutec
from aircraft.
During the last 10 years the
Canadian and American govern
ments. acting as cooperative
unit, have established a chain Of
weather stations far to the north
OF the Canadian mainland. The
most northerly was set up thi.
year on Ellesmere Land.
scGggsE.ssss' gS1.saa Tsgs TIsndGR g..2's.r Observer
Evening star., 1950-12-31
Hoover's S Policy Under Fire
BY George Fielding Eliot

ThlS is true nrSc OF all, ne con-
tinues, because Of the immense
importance of the morale factor
in air fighting, and the immedi-
ately unfavorable reaction on the
fighting value of an air force re-
sulting from a defensive attitude" ="
Hence to destroy the Soviet air
force we must assume the Of
fensive, and try to force a de-
fensive attitude on the enemy
The sword of offensive morale
cuts both ways. Mr.. Hoover
would assume a defensive atti-
tude ourselves at the outbreak of
the warm the British Isles, In
Japan, and in this continent.
Gravest Error
But perhaps the gravest of Mr..
Hoover's errors lies In the impli-
cations of his policy as to our
future use of strategic aviation.
II we are to gain time for the
rearmament of Western Europe
it will only be because the Krem-
lin considers the risk of preventing
that rearmament by force to be
greater than the risk to Russian
industrial centers from the often
sive employment Of our strategic
air power-the sole deterrent
force now available to us, as Wins
ton Churchill has observed.
Yet that risk is fatally re-
duced If it rests only on the three
groups Of very long-range bombers
now at our disposal. The bulk of
our Strategic Air Command still
consists of B-50 and B-29 me-
dium-range bombers, which can
reach Russian vital centers only
from overseas bases-bases in the
British Isles, North Africa and
the Middle East.
But Mr.. Hoover, by abandoning
the whole of Western Europe,
would afford the Russians the
capability of placing the British
Isles under short-range lombard
ment by their vastly superior num-
bers OF short-range airplanes and
by the Use Of guided missiles. AS
to North African and Middle East
bases, the Hoover policy would in
volye loss of the free use of the
Mediterranean Sea, the only line
Of supply by which we could
maintain the bases and support
our one reliable military ally who
guards the avenues Of approach
from Russia to the Middle East
and the Suez Canal - Turkey
Moreover. though the Soviet oil
supply would be the most vulner-
able target for air attacks from
this region, Mr.. Hoover would
leave open to the Soviet armies
the possibility Of supplementing
that oil supply by rapid advance
to the Persian Gulf, while we
would be prevented from using sea
and air power, and limited am
phibious power at the right place,
to check and interfere with such
Soviet operations.
The adoption of the Hoover
policy by the United States would,
in effect, throw away all our pres
ent advantages, to replace them
with supposed advantages which
all experience of war has shown
to be illusory, and would reduce
our Nation. whose greatest mill
tary asset is It's mobility and long
range striking power. to a defen-
sive position which In the end 1t
could not maintain.
General Features.)
Evening star., 1950-12-31

.zled and, besides, every one ex-
poets it.
Although Chulalongkorn, who
was a contemporary Of Queen
Victoria and Abraham Lincoln
he sent a white elephant to Mr..
Lincoln, once, as a token of his
esteem, and thus provided the
the English language with a new
simile-may have been the last
of Slams grand monarchs, the
present generation has not re-
manned undistinguished.
King Amanda, elder brother
and predecessor of the present
King Aduldet, committed sui
eide according to the official
report), and King Aduldet, then
in a Swiss school, returned to
Siam, buried his brother. as
sumed the crown as Rama TX
and wen to work writing Tin
Pan Alley music for a Broadway
leg show which now features his
name in lights.
To those cynics who were in
clined to discount the official
report on King Ananda's sui
eide. another reason suggested
itself. King Amanda, it was said,
intended to bring back one
Luang Pradit from voluntary
exile in the United States.
Luang, whose politics ranged
from shocking pink to deep
crimson, was ousted from Siam
largely by (then) Col. Pibul
Songgram and an army jupta.
Since, in 1946, Siam was host
to a formidable junket from
Moscow, there was a feeling
among the less liberal Siamese
that the government might re-
turn to the extremely pinko pc
riod of 1928, when Premier
Luang Pradit was making Siam
over into a peoples republic.
There were doubts that King
Amanda was sufficiently strong
to cope with the perils of the
times. He was, in fact, pale
and sensitive youth, and had
been known to express doubts
as to the permanence Of demo-
cratic n,nnarcbieS
However, the Queen mother
was built of sterner stuff, and
when the suicide became official,
Siamese of the upper classes were
resigned to their loss, in view Of
the probability that the young
King Aduldet would allow him.
self to be guided by more ex-
perienced hands.
Thus, in 1850, the foreign
policy of Thailand reverts to the
ancient anti-French program
as a positive phase and the care
full balancing of one power
against another as a modus
V1ven0l.
This, of course, is the policy.
Nowadays, there is no balance
for China and Moscow. The
United States is too remote and
too preoccupied; England is no
longer a first-class power, and
there are enemies on both sides.
Under similar circumstances,
Col. Pibul Songgram bowed to
1t. Gen. Juichi Terauchi and
admitted the Japanese. Now
Gen. Pibul Songgram may bow,
with equal savoir faire, to the
military emissary from Mao Tse-
tung.
About a century ago. Indo-
China and Malaga belonged to
Siam. It is true that Siam, in
Evening star., 1950-12-31
By John CIogett Proctor

wines and liquors were banished
from their palatial home opposite
Lafayette Square.
Lincoln's New Years Days must
have been all sad ones, though
he made notable January /, 1868,
by his proclamation freeing the
slaves.
Perhaps the pioneer civic Or
ganization Of Washington to make
annual calls at the White House
on January was the Association
of the Oldest Inhabitants of the
District of Columbia. which be-
gan this practice on New Years
Day, 1868, when it was but two
years old, and which has con-
tinued to pay its respect to the
Chief Executive ever since when
a reception was held.
Visited the Governor
At that time j. Carroll Brent
was the acting secretary, and his
minutes of December 4, 1867,
record the following resolution, Of
fered by j. T. Callan: THAT the
next meeting of this association
be held at Wizards Hotel on the
1st day of January, 1868, for the
purpose of paying our respects in
a body to the President of the
United States, and that a COM
n.ittee of three be appointed to
notify the President of such in
tended visit at such hour as may
be agreeable"
Andrew johnson was then
President, and the minutes of the
next meeting show that the asso-
citation called on the President
of the United States at the Exec
utive Mansion"
Subsequent to this there were
several lapses, but on January !.
1878, a call on President Grant
was made, and the association did
likewise on January l. 1874, when
the members also extended their
visit to Alexander r. Shepherd,
Evening star., 1950-12-31
White House New Year Celebrations

The first White House reception
was held by President Thomas
Jefferson on July 4, 1901, and on
January l, 1902, the first New
Years Day public reception. His
wines were famous and abundant,
and those who went to the White
House to greet the President were
permitted to partake of his cake,
and drink freely, if they desired.
They were also permitted to see
the famous 1.250-pound cheese
presented to the President two
days before, and which was placed
on exhibition at the White House
upon this occasion.
At that time, we are told, there
were no buildings in the vicinity
of the Presidents House, but a
wide and grassy common, where
the inhabitants found pleasant
walks and the herds and fiocks
found abundant pasture.
Temporary tents and booths
were scattered over the surface
for the accommodation of the gay
crowds, who here amused them
selves and whence there was a
good view of the troops as they
marched in front of the Presidents
House, and of the President, the
heads of departments and the
foreign ministers, who stood
around him on the high steps of
the house, receiving and returning
their salutations as they passed in
review.
Some Teetotalers
Not only did President Jefferson
have his bountifully supplied Gel
lar and buffet and his cut-glass
decanters, and all that went with
them. but many of his successors
in the White House also enjoyed
1--WE bit of grog."
Some of the occupants of this
notable residence have been tee
totalers, notably Mrs. Hayes. and
most probably President Hayes
also, for during his administration