davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-06-04

are equipped with automatic tim
ing devices and motion picture
cameras. set so that they record
the readings on the dials at regu-
lar intervals. Thus it Is possible
to leave the station unnamed, and
come back every week to collect
the film. develop it, and see what
amount of radiation has come
through that vicinity.
Measurement Accurate.
There Is no measurement any
where else In science which is
within O thousand times OF ac-
curately measuring such small
amounts as can be measured In
radiation. A pinhead contains
perhaps ! billion atoms, but sensi-
tive radiation instruments can
detect the particles radiating from
q clump Of atomS-aS small as
only 10000 atoms. That seems
like O lot, but q clump that size
could not be seen with any micro
scope in the world.
The new radiation counter be-
ing developed for civil defense
purposes has an extremely wide
range. It can detect-and count
small and very large
amounts Of radiation. Yet it ep-
crates on two ordinary flashlight
batteries and the instrument itself
is no larger than a flashlight.
An espionage agent for the United
States could carry a dozen of these
into the Soviet Union in a small
handbag.
One can also detect radiation
from an ordinary atomic pile Cor
nuclear reactor) many miles away,
depending upon wind conditions.
So far as is known. operating
nuclear reactor is the only means
Of manufacturing explosive atomic
materials in amounts large enough
to make a bomb-or enough to
Evening star., 1950-06-04

Of that department at Los AlamoS,
is known throughout the world for
his analysis of the hydrogen re-
action In the sun, and it is known
that the possibilities Of q hydrogen
bomb were discussed In 1945 when
Fuchs was still with British dele
cation to our atomic project.
Members of Congress have been
told the basic theory Of the H
bomb can no longer be regarded
as secret.
Detection Not Difficult.
Of1cia1 White House announce
ments concerning Russian progress
have never said that the Russians
had bomb or bombs, but officials
Of the Defense Department and
and the State Department have
since then frequently referred to
Russian possession Of the bomb.
Detection Of large atomic activity
In Russia-detonation of test
bombs or accidental explosion
could be accomplished much more
accurately than the average man
realizes.
Each atomic explosion adds a
perceptible amount of radiation
to the earth's atmosphere-im-
mediately following a bomb ex-
plosion this can be detected thou
sands of miles away. Following
the first test in Los Alamos, faint
effects upon extremely sensitive
Photographic film were detected
in the Middle West, and after the
Bikini explosions alert observers
saw a small but immediate rise
in readings of radiation instru-
ments in the United States.
It is thus not completely i'm
possible that the Russian explo-
sion was detected by radiation OBJ
servation stations outside the
borders Of Russia. Radiation
monitor stations" as they are
called, are set up like automatic
robot sentries around large atomic
instruments within the United
States, as a double check to be
sure that poisonous fumes do not
linger in the atmosphere. Some
Evening star., 1950-06-04
Emerson Institute
To Hold Exercises

The Emerson Institute will hold
its 98th commencement exercises
at 8 pm. Tuesday at the Ward
man Park Hotel. The class will
be the seventh to graduate under
an accelerated program begun in
l943 to aid adult students to COM
plete high school studies.
Evening star., 1950-06-04
M c D O NJ O C n

One % the Natic1's best sauIpnec eoslsss
tlensl Shop and business training Oraers
i-is. Small classes TueersnS periods
Endowed Semi military. SEPARATE aerra
for yeGDker heYs Year, round kpsriS 80
horses, syuas football nsaas Whole
scme food from school farm. S2S acres.
Visitors wrlrcne, is miles Baltimore.
CatAleg. MAJOR LOUIS &. IAMHoRN.
Bax 105, McneneEh. Nd.
Evening star., 1950-06-04

original release of the Smyth Re-
port by the War Department,
which amounted to a technical
history of the bomb project, or
the "break" of Senator johnson.
Democrat, of Colorado. on the
famed television broadcast which
described the possibilities of the
hydrogen bomb.
The step will be announced
only after further checking of
congressional reaction and a sur
vey among scientists and engi-
neers who can best judge whether
the information will be of value
to potential enemies. The change,
perhaps a gradual one. will be
made within a few months to a
year.
Much Data Known Abroad.
Explanation for this apparent
reversal of national policy is, of
course. that much information now
officially and legally classed "se-
cret" is secret in name only-it is
known abroad at least to the Rus
slams.
Judgment as to how much the
Russians know is based on two
events which upset previous cal
culations of those responsible for
United States atomic progress:
/. The Russian atomic explo-
sion" announced last September.
2. The arrests and questioning
of Klaus Fuchs in England and
Harry Gold in Philadelphia.
The methods used in watching
his activities have not been re-
vealed and are not discussed even
In private conversations by the
persons who know. But there can
be little doubt that Fuchs, who
worked in the theoretical physics
department at the bomb-making
center at Los Alamos, gave away
secrets of the highest order.
DR.. Hans Bethe, who was head
Evening star., 1950-06-04

The Uriter tDds former publ
cations editor for the Federd-
ton OF American Scientists. He
has prepared numerous articles
on atomic subjects in colldbord-
ton Nth such scientists as DR..
Albert Einstetn and DR.. Harold
C.. Urey.
Evening star., 1950-06-04
= .''''''''.

A.cCouNTING: FACT CONTROL OF MAN
First Haf-Tuesday and Friday 800 to
9:l5 pm.
Second Half-Tuesday and Friday 900 TO
9:16 pm.
THEORY OF ACCOUNTS
First Han-Tuesday and Friday 800 to
9:16 pm.
Second Han-Tuesday and Friday 500 to
o:l5 pm.
APPLICATIONS OF ACCOUNTING
Full Sesion-Wednesday 500 to els pm.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Second Half-Monday and Thursday 900
to 9:16 pm.
FEDERAL TAXES ON INCOME, ESTATES AND
GIFTS
First Hah-Monday and Thursday 800 to
9:l5 pm.
Evening star., 1950-06-04
By Michael Amrine

WoFfh NNseF1toH fNeWspopsef NH'u'IcS
A major change in atomic Sc
crecy policy is in the making, as a
result of conferences between Of
ficials of the Atomic Energy Com
mission and their congressional
watchdog" the Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy.
1t will be an unlocking of secret
information to compare with the
The Nome nugget., 1950-11-24

TT TAXES but short minutes to get the revealing | facts that show how Dodge can save you $l,OOO! So come and see today. See for yourself why Dodge owners say you could pay $l,0O0 more for car and not get all the extra room Dodge gives you all the wonderful of handling that lets you drive all day without tring all the famous dependabilty that belongs to Dodge, and to Dodge alone
 Start enjoying all the big advantages Dodge gives you The e1tra room for your head legs shoulders. The
The Nome nugget., 1950-11-24
Now more than ever, you'll want Dodge ruggedness and dependobi|i+y

sleek smart styling that endures year after year The e1tra visibility that means greater safety and more comfort The brilliant performance of the big, high compression "Cet-Away" engine that's miser gaso- line The smoother starts and stops of Fluid Drive.
 Come in Today!
 So, don't wait-come in now! Let show you how easy it is to own big dependable Dodge Learn why you'll be money and miles ahead by buying now. Just give us short minutes that's all we ask.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
U.S. Commerce
Sec'y. To Address
Negro Business
GROUP

W A S H INGTON, April II. =
Charles Sawyer, Secretary of Com
merce, will be a principal speaker
on Thursday evening, April 10, at
the public meeting which will be
conducted as part of the Fifth
Conference on the Negro in bust
ness to be held in Washington, D..
c., from April 13 to Is.
Lloyd Kerford, President, George
Atchison, Kansas, one of the lar
gest single businesses in the Unit
ed States owned and operated by
Negroes, will also deliver a prin-
cipal address at the meeting.
The conference is being conduct
ed under the auspices of the U. S.
Department of Commerce. Elmer
Martin Lancaster, Adviser on Ne
gro Affairs, Department of Com
merce, who planned the program,
will be the official in charge.
Continued on Page Six
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Bolton Veteran
Charged With
Tying Weight
Around Own Neck
To Drown Self

BOLTON, Miss, April TO-
Especial Emmett Warren, 30
year old Negro veteran of World
War II, was charged here last
week with tying weight around
his own neck to drown himself.
A deputy sheriff reported the
recovery of Warren's body from
pond six miles northwest of
Bolton Thursday. He said that
the body was discovered by group
of Negroes late Wednesday night,
and when it was taken from the
pond a weight was tired around
the veterans neck.
The only explanation given for
the veterans act was the deputy
sheriff's report that he was a
heavy drinker.
The veteran was tenant farm
er on the j. H. Warren place, and
is survived by his wife and one
child.
No further Investigation of the
case was indicated in the deputy
sheriff's report.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Three Held In
Attack On
12-Year-0Id Girl

ROME, Ga, April 10 = Three
white men were under arrest at
City Jail Tuesday on charges of
criminally attacking a 12-year-old
Negro girl.
The arrested men were identified
as James Elders, "a of Rockmart;
Louie Byars, 20 Of Rome and Ger
aid Hicks %, of Dallas.
According to Detective Oscar
Williams, who investigated the
case evidence indicates each of
the white men assaulted the girl
in turn, as two held her.
The officer said the girl was at
tackled in a wooded area of the city
while on an errand for her mother
to get pail of water from Recess
spring.
Evidence indicated two women
companions of the three men wit
Continued on Page Four)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Unhuman Rights
Group Presented
Facts In
Ingram Case

NEW YORK, April II - When
the Human Rights Commission of
the United Nations convened for
its first session on March 81, at
Lake Success, New York, it had
for consideration, the facts of the
celebrated Ingram Case presented
by the National Committee to free
the Ingram family, from its head
quarters at Hotel Theresa, New
York.
On the occasion of the first
anniversary of the Ingram Com
'mittee Mrs. Maude White Katz.
National Administrative Secretary
said:
"We have received letters from
all parts of the world commencing
us for the work our committee is
doing to bring the plight of Mrs.
Rosa Lee Ingram and her two
sons, Sammy and Wallace, were
sentenced to die in the electric
chair, February 27, 1948 for de-
Tending her honor and her virtue
against an enraged white farmer
who attacked her with {. rifle and
knife.
"Our committee has had letters
and cables from such widely sepa-
rated countries as Brazil, England,
and Syria, telling US of letters
they have sent our President Har-
ry S. Truman and to the Governor
of Georgia, asking for justice for
this mother and her two sens. The
Cypress Progressive Woman's Un-
ion writes that their organization
addressed the President as follows:
Continued on Page Three)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Marshall BRINGS
U. S. Supreme
Court ToGrips
With Segregation
Says Jim Crow
In Cases Made
Crystal Clear

WASHINGTON, D. c., April 10
-Thurgood Marshall, special coun-
sci of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored Peo-
PIE, brought the United States Su-
preme Court to grips with the
question of the legality of jim
Crow law schools supported by
the state.
The case of Heman Marion
Sweat, of Houston, Texas, a
postal employee and veteran of
World War II, which he argued,
Mr.. Marshall said, was different
from all other cases involving the
question of equal educational op-
portunity.
The issue of segregation was
made Crystal clear" from the very
beginning in the Sweat case, he
asserted. Attorneys for Sweat
at every stage of the case based
their attack on the validity Texas
laws as the operated prevent
Sweat from entering the Univers-
ity of Texas Law School. he said.
Attorney General Daniel Price
of Texas Joined the issue on this
one point, Mr.. Marshall said. and
to make certain there would be no
misunderstanding called Sweat as
a witness at the trial of the case
and developed the point from him
that he would not attend any law
school, no matter how equal the
physical facilities were so long as
it was in fact segregated school.
Mr.. Marshall pooh poohed the
arguments of Mr.. Daniel about
what would happen in grammar.
elementary and high schools if
the public Jim Grow school sys
tenn of Southern States were
struck down.
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
W. A. SCOTT LAUDED AS
PIONEER in JOURNALISM
WAS A NATIVE OF MISSISSIPPI

chase and setting-up of printing
plants, which in most instances
Negroes were unable to buy"
The speaker opined that with
the Scott innovation came greater
community prestige, more circula-
ton, and increased advertising
revenue for race journals. All these
advantages came to the Negro
press as a result of its being to
give more thorough coverage to To-
cal news items and more concern
to problems of the cities and towns
which they served.
I'm the period preceding the
Scott era, Negro newspapers at
tempted to print weekly editions
for distribution to national read
ership. Naturally, many news
worthy items of purely local con-
Germ went lacking in these papers.
Today, the Negro press has great
ly changed its character in this re-
spect and many publishing firms
issue local, state and regional edi-
tions," noted Mr.. Hendrix.
Mr.. Hendrix also named four
other publisher leaders whom he
cited for outstanding contribution
to the progress Of the Negro press
in the first half of this century.
He pointed out that Robert S.
Abbott, late founder of the CHI
CAGO DEFENDER made tn e
Negro population conscious of the
Importance of the race press thru
his introduction of nationwide
circulation promotion.
The late, Robert L. Vann, the
Pittsburgh lawyer turned publish
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Nations Top Legal Authorities
Condemn Segregation And Separate
But-EquaI Doctrine Before
United States Supreme Court
Dept. Of Justice Joins COMPARTMENTS
Cases Calling For Abolition Jim Crow
Nations Highest Court Faced With
Historic Decision For First Time

WASHINGTON, d. c., April 10
Attorney General J. Howard Nc
Grath and Solicitor General Phillip
b. Perlman argued Monday before
the United States Supreme Court
that racial segregation, under COM
pulsion of law, is forbidden by the
Constitution.
They did so in asking the court
to reverse a Federal district court
unfolding the action of the Inter
state Commerce Commission in APP
proving regulation of the South
ern Railway requiring the segre-
cation Of colored passengers from
whites in its dining cars.
Fully two hours before the court
convened to render a decision and
hear oral arguments in three civil
rights cases, the courtroom was
damned to capacity and persons
wishing to gain admission formed
a line three deep the length of re
corridor waiting to get in.
The section deserved for lawyers
who are members of the court was
packed to capacity and all reserved
seats were taken. The Marshal re-
.ceived several telephone calls from
Senator'S requesting admission for
constituents.
Mr.. McGrath and Mr.. Perlnan
appeared before the court in be-
half of the United States, a nomi-
nal party in the case of Elmer
W. Henderson, director OF the AM
erican Council on Human Rights.
who was denied service on a South
ern Railway dining car May II,
1912, because white persons were
seated at the two tables condition
ally reserved for colored passeng-
ers, although at least one seat
was vacant.
The matters involved III the case,
Mr.. McGrath said. are of great
national interest" He added that
they affect the lives and well be-
ing" of millions of Americans.
Mr.. McGrath declared that the
position of the U. S. on the ques-
ton of the effect of legally en-
forced segregation is. that it is "a
form of inequality and discrimina-
ton" condemned by the United
States Constitution and the Inter
state Commerce Act.
REEXAMINATION ASKED
Both Mr.. Perlman and Mr.. Nc
Grath asked the court to reex-
anime its separate but equal"
doctrine, enunciated in the case of
Continued on Page SKI
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15

motherhood to which all classes
are equally attached, but that unity
was concentrated in the family and
the racial or blood line was stres-
sed. That is the meaning of the
caste system, he said.
"Thus in India" he continued
social organization and social evo-
luton stopped at the family be-
cause the religious problem of ex-
lstence was not solved through q
belief In God such as that held hv
the Christians and Jews. It is the
Hindu belief that the human sopl
is an emanation from God and that
1t IS born again and again, even
as an animal sometimes, according
to the merits or dement's of ira
previous life.
Finally, after this almost end
less cycle of birth and death. the
chain is broken and the soul ooss
back to God and is absorbed IN
Him.
therefore. it is a metaphysical
necessity in India that man "a
main in an inferior caste because ~
the supposed dement's of his nae+
lie. In India it is impossible -
pass from one caste to another bo
cause of this religious belief.
Inc caste to which persons ba
ionged was established by their pro.
1essions and by their races. bn+
there We're also in India some on
out OF 44o million people who h. ~
Continued on Pag.s Six)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
AKA Sorority
Regional
Conference
Hailed Here

The 18th Southeastern Regional
Conference of Alpha Kappa Alpha
Sorority held here last FRIDAY and
Saturday was hailed as an out
standing success by delegates1who
attended the conference represents
ing five different states.
The states represented were:
Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Flor
ida and Mississippi.
The hosts to the conference was
the local graduate chapter and the
under graduate chapter of Jack
son and Tougaloo College.
The two days session of the Con-
Continued on Page Severn
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15

PINE BLUFF, Ark, April IL
w. A. Scott, the late founder of
the Atlanta Daily World and the
Scott Newspaper Syndicate, was
called the Person contributing
most to the Negro press in the
first half of the Goth century" by
Moss H. Hendrix who spoke to a
convocation at Arkansas A. NJ. and
n. College on Thursday.
Almost 1400 students, faculty
members and persons from Pine
Bluff community heard Mr.. Ken
dirk, originator of National Negro
Newspaper week, declare that the
dominant publication pattern of
the Negro press is built upon the
Getty edition scheme which was
conceived by the late Mr.. Scott"
Developing the subject "The Negro
Press-123 years after Freedoms
Journal" the speaker traced the
development of race journalism in
that period.
Mr.. Hendrix explained that he
considered "Mr. SCOTS innovation
of the printed-away-from- home,
city edition newspaper the most
valuable contribution to the Negro
press of the Goth century because
it gave to local communities news
papers which would have otherwise
not been available.
Under the Scott plan," he said
"1ocal newspapers were establish
ed which maintained their own
editorial staffs, advertising, circu-
lation and business departments.
The chief advantage in the system
conceived by Mr.. Scott was the
by-passing of the immediate pur-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Father Vincent j. 0'conneII Says
Communists Hide Red Supremacy
Behind Sacred Name Of Democracy
While Dixiecrats Hide White
Supremacy Behind States Rights
Cite Need For Union Organization
OF All Southern Workers
Says Dixiecrats
Support Economic
Dictatorship

NEW ORLEANS, April TO-
(SpeciaD = Similarities between
Dixiecrats and communists were
pointed out by the Rev. Vincent
j. O'Connell, SIN, when he de-
clared that union organization of
southern workers is necessary to
"open up the untapped millions
of American purchasing power"
and that labor's program for AM
erica and the world is the pro-
gram most suitable for promotion
Of the general welfare of all.
Father O'Connell spoke at the
opening Of the 39th convention of
the Louisiana State Federation Of
Labor in New Orleans Monday,
April. 8. He is general chairman
of the Catholic Committee of the
South.
He urged the labor men to sup
port world federation and bid them
put their weight behind the grow
ing demand for a constitutional
convention.
DiXiecrats and communists alike
are given to hypocrisy, desire die
tatorship and seek to establish
company unions" he charged.
Communists try to hide Red SUI
premacy behind the sacred name
of democracy while Dixiecrats
hide white supremacy behind the
sacred name of States Rights"
he declared. while the commun-
lists establish political dictatorship,
the Dixiecrats support economic
dictatorship"
Three "organic problems" re-
quire the full cooperation of man.
agement, labor, agriculture and
government for their solution, said
Father O'Connell. They are main
tenance Of full employment, pre-
Continued on Page Four
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Charge Similarity Between Dixiecrats And Communist
Nationally Known
Local Attorney
Dies At His Home
Here Monday

Atty. w. L. Mhoon Nationally
known Jackson lawyer and state
Republican leader died at his home
on West Pearl Street here Monday
morning. His death following
rapid succession of strokes.
Regarded as being in excellent
health by his friends and close
associates according to reports at
torney Mhoon was stricken in
the bath room while shaving in
preparation for breakfast before
leaving home for his office located
in the Hodges building at the cor
ner of Parish and Oakley Street.
Continued on Page Severn
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Negro Population
OF Miss. Showing
Rapid Decline
Lack Of Job
Opportunity
Blamed

OXFORD, Miss, April 1O.-The
Negro population in Mississippi is
rapidly declining according to a
69-page study Of population sta
tistics in the state made public
here last week. The survey, re-
leased by the University of Mis-
sissippis bureau of public admin
istration, was prepared by DR..
Morton B. King, chairman of the
department Of sociology, and John
c. Belcher, former assistant pro-
lessor of sociology.
Blame for the decline in the Ne
gro population was laid to the
relatively few opportunities for
the employment of Negroes in
business and industry.
unless changes occur in this
condition, the proportion of Ne
groes :. probably (wilD continue
to Decline" the authors said.
The white population of the state
is also on the decline, according to
the survey, but the ratio of white
to Negro people in Mississippi is
increasingly steadily"
The latter is explained by the
fact that ''the loss of Negro popu-
latiop by migration is greater than
that of white persons.
In general sense, the report
noted that the educational level of
Mississippians is at new high,
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1950-04-15
Death Of Judge
Mhoon Leaves
Only Two Negro
Lawyers In Miss.

The death of Judge w. l.. Mhoon,
at his home Monday leaves only
two Negro Lawyers in the state of
Mississippi, with a population in
GLIDING more than one million
Negroes.
The two remaining Negro Law
yers in the state are James A.
Burns, of Meridian, who recently
became prominent because of his
connection with the Bates case, and
Hon. B. A. Greene, the Mayor of
Mound Bayou, Mississippi.