davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Miami times., 1950-12-23

Reese, hospital.
"Three Negroes put in super
visory positions In the Juvenile
court.
"The hiring of Negroes by a
Loop State Street department
store and a department t or e
chain.
Assignment of Negro school
teachers to several schools where
none had been before, with re-
sulting adjustments being good in
all cases.
"The elimination of a Caucasian
only clause in the rules Of the
American Bowling congress
through q suit brought by States
Atty. Boyle"
On the national scene, he Sc
lected:
"The supreme court ruling
against segregation of Negroes in
interstate bus travel.
Progress In abolishing segre-
cation In armed services.
The Miami times., 1950-12-23

Edco Cough Expectorant ....... rs
Edco Baby Cough Syrup ........ .35
Edco Cold Tablets .....-.".".... .35
Edco Chest Rub .............."""... .35
EIco Nose Drops ...."......"."". .35
Edco Throat CargIe ..........."... .35
Evening star., 1950-09-17
INonStoppoge Strike Plan Suggested for u. S.

weapon in the hands of labor be-
cause of the economic injury which
it enables labor to inf1ict upon
management. ~
However, that injury comes
about not as a direct result OF
stopping the plant, but as a re-
suit of stopping the plants in
come. The main target of a strike
is the employers profits. If the
flow of income into the employers S
till were not interrupted, the
strike would be a very blunt and
Ineffective weapon.
so if the employers income
could be directly hit without
stopping work. labor would retain
the bargaining advantage of a
regular strike, and the public
would be spared the economic loss
resulting from curtailed produc-
ton. That is the purpose Of the
non-stoppage strike.
However, in order to prevent
the corporate-entity fiction from
protecting the corporations policy
makers from injury. their personal
incomes should be subjected to re-
duction. Enjoining profits would
injure the stockholders of the COM
pany. Reducing salaries would in
jure those who make the COM
pany's policies"
Distributed by the Associated Press.)
Evening star., 1950-09-17

Many experts, including Gen.
Macarthur, have been predict
ing for years that the American
conflict with Russia would come
to head in the Orient.
Today. with Europe at least
temporarily quiet, that predic-
ton shows signs of coming true.
Gen. Macarthur predicted the
Korean clash in 1945, although
he expected it to be a direct
conflict with Russia. That is
still a possibility, despite Amer
lean efforts to localize the Ko-
rean war. What Russia will do.
herself or through the use of
Communist China, if the North
Koreans begin to take beating,
is still problematical.
In the meantime, there is
stir throughout Asia.
The Chinese Communists have
Evening star., 1950-09-17
How Atlantic Pact Defense Load Is Shou|dered
By Sherry Bowen

Are all IL of the Atlantic Pact
nations pulling their share OF
the defense load? This is a
crucial question before the for
eign ministers of these nations
now meeting in New York.
The map shows that three OF
them are putting a larger per-
centage of the things they make
into defense than the United
States does.
The figures were prepared by
the National Industrial Confer
ence Board, a private research
organization. They are for the
current budget year. The new
budget which will reflect the
Korean War spending may show
a different picture.
There are other ways of look
ing at the same problem. The
conference board, for example.
has another breakdown which
shows that the defense budgets
of the other Atlantic Pact
powers are all a smaller per-
centage of their total budgets
than is that of the United
States. Here are the percent
ages of total budgets represented
by defense budgets:
United States, 30.6; Canada,
10; United Kingdom, %; Meth
erlands, 25.3; France. 1879;
Belgium, 1913; Luxembourg. S;
Italy, 18; Norway. lib: Portu-
gal, 20.8; Denmark. IA. Iceland
has no defense budget.
Still other factors must be
considered in saying which ma
ton gives most to defense. Here
are some of them.
Under socialism, more things
are done by governments. There
fore, in a Socialist country, de-
tense costs will show up as a
smaller percentage of the budget.
The gross national product"
Evening star., 1950-09-17

CHICAGO,-A new device is
being offered to eliminate strikes
and lockeuts from labor-manage-
ment disputes.
George w. Goble, professor of
law at the University of Illinois,
calls it a mon -stoppage strike.
He describes it in Current Eco
nomic Comment, quarterly
publication of the university.
Under the Goble plan. the
National Labor Relations Act
would be amended to legaliZe the
device for voluntary inclusion in
collective bargaining contracts
between management and labor.
Struck plants would continue
to operate during a dispute but
subject to forfeit of net profits.
Nor could any dividends be paid
during the dispute or any addi-
tions be made to the company's
surplus fund.
On the other hand, a fourth of
all wages and salaries, from presi-
dent on down, would be set aside
in fund for possible forfeit. No
strike benefits could be paid
either by union or company dur
ing the -stoppage strike.
Management and labor would
be required to bargain collectively
until an agreement was reached,
Evening star., 1950-09-17
By Lawrence N. EIdred

and any violation by either side
of provisions of the non-stoppage
plan would constitute an unfair
labor practice.
Prof. Goble notes that at pres
ent, during a strike or lockout,
labor loses all wages, the company
loses all income and must pay
shutdown expenses besides, stock
holders may lose dividends, the
company's customers and sup
pliers suffer dislocation of estab-
lished business, and the public
may undergo related loss or in
convenience.
With a non-stoppage strike, GUS
toners and suppliers and the pub
lic-all in the position of innocent
bystanders-would continue to re-
ceive normal goods or services.
Labor and employer still would re-
ceive enough income to carry on
with, yet would be liable to suffer
sufficient loss to compel them to
come to an agreement within a
reasonable time"
The length of that time Prof
Coolies proposal would leave up to
the two sides involved. If settled
within 80 days the forfeit fund
would be distributed to both sides
Evening star., 1950-09-17

as it normally would have been If
there had been no strike.
If not settled within 80 days
the entire fund would be paid to
the United States Treasury-the
public, in effect. In that case a
new forfeit fund would start, again
to go to the United States Treas
ury if no agreement had been
reached by the end of the second
80 days. And so on.
Prof. Goble thinks the possible
loss of the sizable fund built up
over a 90-day period from profits,
wages and salaries would have
sufficient moral suasion on both
sides to keep most non-stoppage
strikes within those bounds, and
with no actual loss to anybody.
Numerous safeguards for both
sides are included in the plan. A
company could not change it's ac-
counting methods during the dis
pute to affect net earnings. Neither
could it reduce it's labor force
below normal or discharge an
employe for any reason not already
legally justifiable.
Labor would not be permitted
to slow down or stop work.
"In a dispute between labor and
management" Prof. Goble says.
"the regular strike is a powerful
Evening star., 1950-09-17

on which the map figures are
based includes everything the
nation makes. Among .hese
things are tools, buildings,
transport and other things
used to make goods men can
use. One of the reasons the
United States produces more
than other nations is that it
makes and uses more tools.
Thus a greater percentage of
the United States gross national
product is tools and it must
put a higher percentage into
defense to get the same effect.
Still another factor is price.
The percentages are figured
on a money basis. Prices vary
Evening star., 1950-09-17

parties, the Social Democratic, or
Government Party, known as the
PSD, and the powerful opposition,
UDN, or Union Democratic Party.
AS the old saying goes, Every
body seems to be against him ex-
cept the people,"
The masses. from street sweeper
to bank clerk, flock to see. listen
to and cheer him. In the old
northern colonial city of Recife,
capital of the state of Pernam-
buco, $4,000 people stood in a
tropical downpour to hear him.
In the capital city of Rio de
Janeiro, in spite of some local un-
popularity since he left the presi-
dental palace, his meetings have
drawn the largest crowds Of any
of the candidates.
Delayed Entering Race
His friends concede that the
popular support he commands in
the cities and urban centerS will
to some extent be Offset by other
factors. Elections in the cities
will be more or less free and cir
cumspect. A free press and in
formed public opinion will make
it impossible for government polit-
icoS to exert undue pressure on
voters. But the population of the
rural districts and small towns is
at least equal to. if not greater
than, that of the large cities. Due
to widespread illiteracy and pow
erty, the absence of newspapers
and other agencies for spreading
information, local political bosses
are able to influence voters and
thereby control elections.
Vargas strength and popularity
among the middle and laboring
classes is easily understood. Dur
ing his IS years of power he gave
them unprecedented benefits, in
cluding all kinds of social inSur-
ance, better working conditions,
more hospitals and medical ia
cilities, higher wages and security
in their jobs. Few of these ad-
vantages prevailed before his ad-
miniStration. The present gov
ernment has not dared to tamper
with any of the social and labor
laws he invoked. He is promising
more Of the same.
Economic conditions have also
played into his hands. The last
half of the Vargas dictatorship
conceded with good times in
Brazil. Since he left Office there
has been severe economic slump.
Imitation has been rampant. The
cost of living has scared. There
have been grievous shortages of
essential foods, even at skyrocket
prices. The present administra-
ton has been weak and vascil-
lating. Businessmen complain of
lack of decision in dealing with
economic problems.
OF course, he has the support of
thousands of former offlceholders
who have been turned out of their
jobs since his overthrow, and the
other camp followers who fed at
the federal trough as well as the
business interests that had the in
side track through relatives,
friends and "fixers" during his
long administration. Those, plus
all the leftists, including Commu-
mist elements vino have nowhere
else to go, will cast their ballots
in effective numbers for him.
Evening star., 1950-09-17

Gen. Macarthur is accused,
falsely, of planning to use an
increased japanese police force
in American aggression" in
the Orient.
The Chinese Reds are talking
about Tibet, either intending
to take it through submission
or by force.
British troops have gone into
action against the Reds. Turkey.
Siam and others are preparing
troops for the line which shifts
but. as this was written. was
generally holding.
The big crisis between Russia
and the United States will come
when the Kremlin is forced to
decide what to do, if anything,
in the face of an impending
North Korean collapse.
Evening star., 1950-09-17
some of the old relationships

some of the old relationships
still exist.
Luxembourg and Denmark
show up with less than Q per
cent of their gross national
product in defense. They are
small nations which cannot de-
fend themselves. Before Hitler
took over Denmark, it's leaders
agreed he could do SO "by tele-
phone" any time he chose.
Have they now any better
reason to join the mutual de-
fense? That is a matter of
treaties and friendship-a
question of defense policies in
which they hope to have a
voice. And these questions of
friendship and policy cannot
be expressed in figures.
Evening star., 1950-09-17

ol-commano, method. When
link of that chain is proved weak,
it must be removed, according to
military thinking.
And under Gen. Marshall, the
Secretaries of the Army, Navy and
Air Force-whose stature and
prestige has been greatly reduced
under Mr.. Johnson-will find
themselves with increased standing
both within and outside their
departments.
In connection with the excep-
ton in the law passed by the
House last week to allow Gen.
Marshall to become Secretary, it
is interesting to note that military
men originally put in the ban
against a military man holding
the post.
Admiral Forrest P. Sherman,
now Chief of Naval Operations,
and 1t. Gen. Lauris Norstad, act
ing vice chief of staff of the Air
Force. wrote the original COM
promise version of the law and it
contained the ban.
1t was believed that such a
prohibition was needed on the
books to identify and emphasize
civilian control of the armed
forces and to prevent a succession
of military men from holding the
secretaryship.
The leisurely tempo which the
Defense Department has followed
in the procurement and manpower
fields is certain to come to Gen.
Marshall's attention at an early
date.
| If move to step up procure
ment is not made quickly, the
department and Gen. Marshall
will face a barrage of criticism
which will make the sniping at
Mr.. johnson look mild by COM
parison.
The department has moved
haltingly and sometimes without
much rhyme or reason in the
manpower field. And the man
power commitments already have
far outrun the available man
power, but additional, far reach
ing moves can be expected after
November.
In similar situation in 1910
Gen. Marshall stepped into both
fields and took decisive action.
Although Mr.. johnson has made
great strides in reorganization the
department in line with the Uni
flcation Act there are still several
places in which Gen. Marshall will
find room for improvement. One
is IN the Office of the Deputy
!. Secretary which eventually will
probably be something like a
general manager for the depart
ment.
j Gen. Marshall, in poor health
in recent years. will find it par.
| ticularly necessary to improve
the working arrangement here ir
order to take some of the work.
load from his own Office.
Evening star., 1950-09-17

between nations. American
prices are high. The same
amount of money in America
will buy less defense than in
some other nations.
Observe that the United
Kingdom puts 6.8 per cent of
it's gross national product into
defense. That is nearly half
again as much as the United
States. And there is Canada
with 30 per cent, just little
more than half as much as the
United States. But Canada
was long a colony of Great
Britain. The mother country
traditionally took care of de-
fense. Canada is now a proud
and independent country. But
Evening star., 1950-09-17
BY J. M. Roberts, Jr.

massed large forces north of
Korea either for political or
interventionist purposes. They
threaten to invade Formosa
despite President Truman's Or
ders to the 7th Fleet to protect
that Nationalist-held island.
They are doing the same thing
for Wet Mini forces north of
Indo- China that Yugoslavia,
Hungary. Bulgaria and Albania
did for the Greek guerrillas.
They are harassing British
shipping and other activities
around Hong Kong.
Moscow-directed Communists
in the Philippines, Indo-China.
Burma, India. Malaya-through-
out the East-have quickened
their subversive efforts, raiding,
Evening star., 1950-09-17

numbering and pillaging. OR just
trying to stir up trouble in gen.
eral.
American B-29s from Oki-
nawa have carried the war into
enemy territory. bombing North
Korean cities which contain
war industries, and striking
heavily at Chongjin, which Rus
sia uses as base for some of
her submarines which are oper-
ating in American sealanes.
American flyers have shot down
a Russian plane over an Allied
naval group, and the Russians
claim American planes have
carried their straf1ng across
into Manchuria.
Russia has been reported
massing ships at Vladivostok.
Evening star., 1950-09-17
Marshall Facing Many Problems
CONTINUED From Page CID

Continued From Page CID
Importance during the Marshall
tenure.
The build up of American forces
In Europe, coupled with increased
North Atlantic treaty nations de-
fenses with American funds,
brings up three other difficult
questions that must be faced by
the general:
1. The desirability of appoint
ing an overall American COM
mander for the pact defense
forces, a move favored by the
European powers but heretofore
opposed by the United States.
2. A hard-headed, realistic deci-
sion now by this country as to
which Of the pact powers can
be counted upon to really put up
a fight in event of Communist
attack.
3. Spain. The military leaders
have a definite interest in aiding
Spain from a realistic standpoint
as directly opposed to our diplo-
matte position. The military view
point, however, always has been
expressed privately and it will
be interesting to see how former
Secretary of State Marshall
handles the question as Secretary
of Defense.
Higher and higher military
budgets also are in prospect for
the new Secretary. Present esti-
mates place the Nations military
spending level at around $50 bill
lion by 1852 under the present
buildup. 1t is interesting to note
here that the same presidential
economic advisers VINO now talk
in those terms were only a short
time ago saying that this coun-
try's economy could not stand any
more than SIS billion annually
for defense.
Procurement Urgent
How the public reacts to higher
taxes, probable price controls and
wage and economic stabilization
meaSures-while not affecting the
Defense Department directly
will have an indirect bearing on
Gen. Marshall's actions.
The Defense Department under
Gen. Marshall is likely to see a
trend toward more and more de-
Capitalization than it has under
MI. johnson. The latter, through
either nature or circumstances
he's had a tendency to become in
volyed in too many details, ever
to the extent of overburdenine
himself.
1t was never the idea of tn,
trainers of the Unification Act
that the Office of the Secretary
should get involved in some Of
the things in which Mr.. johnson
has found himself. Rather, the
Office was first seen as an overall
policy-making Office.
Gen. Marshall has always oper-
ated on a strictly military. or chain.
Evening star., 1950-09-17

tlOnS the most far-reachlng. Ano
from the Amazon to the Uru-
guayan border political observers
give the former ruler at least g
$3.50 chance for victory in a
three-cornered race when the votes
are cast on October 8.
Even if he loses the presidency
Vargas will still be dominant
political figure in the largest and
most populous of all the Latin
American nations and therefore
one of the most influential indi-
viduals on the South American
Continent. This is important to
the United States for the reason
that Brazil has always been our
best friend among the neighboring
republics to the South and during
the Vargas dictatorship it became
the first Latin American country
to send an army overseas to fight
in a war on our side. We are now
in another conflict and Brazilian
cooperation and support may
once again become vital to us.
Interestingly enough. Getulio,
as he is popularly known by friend
and foe, was not forced into exile
five year ago, a fate that has
befallen most other dictators when
they lost power and escaped the
firing squad" Instead he was
allowed to retire to his farm in
his own far southern state Of Rio
Grande do Sui. Although a year
later the people of Rio Grande
elected him a federal Senator. he
had until now seldom appeared
in Rio.
Always Lone Wolf
Vargas is waging a one-man
campaign. AS the candidate of
the small Brazilian Labor Party,
he started out without nation
wide organization, little money
and few influential friends. He
finally received the support Of
Ademar de Barros, ambitious Gov
ernor of Sac Paulo, rich coffee
and industrial state. But Vargas
has always been a jealous poll
tician, lone wolf, playing one
strong man of influential group
against another when they gained
too much prominence. In fact,
it now looks as if he might be
willing to sacrifice the support of
the Sac Paulo Governor because
the latter has insisted upon his
own vice presidential candidate
as Vargas running mate.
In addition to poor organiza-
ton, lack of money and powerful
political friends he is bitterly op-
posed by the greater portion of
the press. More than one i'm
portant military man has sought
to diSparage his campaign, ap-
parently with the hope of induc-
ing him to withdraw from the
race. Although they finally okayed
his candidacy. the Supreme Elec-
toral Tribunal, sort of supreme
court in all matters concerning
the franchise, even went so far
as to suggest that the national
congress would be within its rights
if it should pass a law preventing
him from taking Office, because
he had once Haunted the Bra
lillian constitution.
In spite of all this, Vargas has
by sheer courage and personality
forged to the front against the
candidates of the two PRINCIPAL
Evening star., 1950-09-17

preparations for aggression against
the West. The few natives who
have been allowed to remain in
their old homesteadS no longer are
permitted to leave. Even a smile
trip is subjected to the most rigid
control by Soviet and East Ger
man secret police.
The natives are branded like
cattle so there can be no doubt
that they belong to these prov
inces and no outsider has chance
to enter the prohibited zones
without quick detection.
Finnish, Swedish and Danish
ships which occasionally have to
put into the many ports OF this
area must follow strict regula-
tions. They are allowed only to
enter harbors and can have no
contact with people ashore.
There have been some persons
but very few-who have escaped
recently from the top secret zone,
particularly Russian officers who
have had enough of the Commu-
mist paradise. They have sur
rendered to Western Allied guards
and under friendly and skillful
interrogation revealed few OF
the secret preparations Moscow is
making there.
They spoke about the new i'm
proved guided missile platforms,
the strength and intensive train
ing of the new German Army
whose officer corps is composed
largely of Nazi elite corps officers,
and of many other matters which
are being kept secret by their in
terrogators.
All this information and more,
obtained at great risks, shows
clearly that the Kremlin has
speeded up the tempo of pre-
paredness of the, satellite forces
in Eastern Germany. They also
show that Moscow is ready to give
full support to these troops when
they are ordered to overrun West
ern Germany.
Evening star., 1950-09-17
Everybody Except People
Against Vargas Election
BroziI's Once Powerful Dictator Is Given
Fifty-Fifty Chance Of Winning Presidency
By Edward TomIinson

RIO DE JANEIRO-One of the most significant political
developments taking here Brazil Geuo
years powerful of this South American
republic who thrown of Office by the in 1945
the presidency democratic election 1t of
est campagn the country has known and its mpca
Evening star., 1950-09-17
Rust|ing Of Iron Curtoin
Portends New Aggression
Soviets Reported Reodyine Satellites
For EorIy Push Against West Germany
By Constantine Brown

For the last II months almost curtain has been
lowered around
ing capital of what used be the republic
tona to Wsmar occupation
in Western Germany.
this that the Soviet making the formidable
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-02-08
WHAT TO DO TO WIN

Here's how you take part in this big opportunity! Every issue this newspaper will publish AIaskagrams in consecutive order, six each week fn- 12 weeks-a total of 72 Alaska grams.
 scra mbled letters which form mean ingless words or nOnsensical phrase. After an Alaskagram is unscrambled the letters form the name of a place in Alaska; how ever, there is one superfluous letter --an extra, additional letter which is not needed to form the word.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-02-08
SpEeIAL MEETING TO
 BE HE'D AT MOOSE HALL

Nan Peterson, associate dean of the Academy of Friendship, from sitka. will be in Juneau Thursday, February g. and will hold special meeting with the executive commit tee and all members of the Academy of Friendship. The meeting VIII pc held at Moose Lodge at s pm.
 Edna Card. Senior Regent, ask that all members attend
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-02-08
CLUSTERED RETI RMS

Meredith Custard of Wrangell, a construction foreman for the Al aska Native Service, has returned to Juneau after completing con- struction and remedcIing work on tuberculosis hospitals at Kotzebue and Kanakanak.
 Custard had heen in the north since August.