davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-10-13

The military argument was clear enough.
If we were going to invade Japan, which
was the supposition at the time, we
needed the Philippines. We needed the
bases, the harbors, the training areas
which were available there. Formosa
could provide no such springboard.
Then, too. the risks involved in an
invasion of Formosa were very serious,
as Gen. Macarthur saw it. There would
be no friendly populace to count on in
Formosa as there would be in the Philip
pines. Quite the contrary. From the
China coast and other nearby airfields.
japanese planes would be in position to
pound our invasion force mercilessly.
There was no need to take this risk.
Formosa need not be attacked at ALL
That island, rather than the Philippines.
should be by-passed on the road to
Tokyo. So the general argued.
The formal session of the conference
ended. Gen. Macarthur was positive
that he had failed to carry the day. But
he had one more argument to make, and
he stayed behind to put 1t to the Presi-
dent in private talk. 1t took him
just 10 minutes.
The final argument was moral one.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Housing and Initiation

Wars topsy y-turvy effect on national housing
policies has a veritabe Ace-n- Wonderland
aspect. Before the Korean outbreak the Federal
Government was doing everything in its power
to stimulate production of housing. In his
economic report to Congress early this year
President Truman criticized "the relative lag
of housing technology and various outmoded
practices" that, he said, retarded the building
of homes. He said that private industry was not
doing enough to meet "the vast potential market
for good housing" Congress rejected the Presi-
dents plan for Federal incentive financing of
a huge cooperative building program but passed
housing legislation designed to facilitate con-
structon of homes for families of low and
moderate incomes.
How things have changed! Today the same
Federal agencies which were to push the housing
speed-up plans are throwing their machinery
into reverse gear. Under the emergency housing
controls just announced by the Federal Reserve
Board and the Housing and Home Finance
Agency, the brakes will be applied to the building
industry-suddeny and hard. The showdown
order may cut home building in the Washington
area by two-thirds 1t is all in the interest of
curbing imitation trends.
The inf1ationary effect of home construction
is such that some restrictions undoubtedly are
necessary. The building boom has been con-
Suming lumber, steel, "copper" cement and other
materials needed for the Nations rearmament
program AS the demand for these materials
has increased, prices have gone up During the
past year prices of building materials, on the
average have risen 16 per cent from the low point
of 1949. They are still rising. The drastic
restrictions on home mortgages which go into
effect today are intended to discourage home
buying and home building and hence arrest
the upward spiral of prices and provide more
materials for defense.
While the check-rein on private housing
construction is not surprising, it is curious that
the new regulations make no mention whatever
of public housing and slum clearance. The
Housing Act of 1949 authorized construction of
total of $4,000 public housing units in six years
The President last July placed top limit of
10000 on such units for the last half of this
year and directed that a study be made of the
whole public housing program in the light of
emergency conditions. Certainly there is no
excuse for exempting public housing and slum
clearance from the anti-infation plans of the
administration.
Controls breed more controls If the housing
shortage is to be prolonged by Federal anti
imitation measures it is evitable that rent control
also will be prolonged. In fact, rent control
legislation already has been placed at the top
of bills to be considered by the House Banking
Committee when Congress reconvenes next
month.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
MocArthur|s Used to Advisinq Presidents
By NewboId Noyes, Jr.

THIS is not the first time President
l. has gone into the Pacific to talk
with Gen. Macarthur. The story of
the other time-in July, 1944-is little
noted chapter in the history of World
War II.
The circumstances of that wartime
rendezvous were somewhat different
from the ones surrounding the current
meeting with President Truman. To
Gen. McArthur-in Brisbane, Australia
came a message from Gen. Marshall at
the Pentagon. Gen. Macarthur was to
proceed at once to Pearl Harbor, for a
conference. With whom was he to con-
fer? What were they to confer about?
That was a secret. He would find out
when he got there.
He found out, all right. When he
reached Hawaii, President Roosevelt was
waiting for him. So was goodly selec-
ton of the top Navy brass. Admiral King
had been there, but had already left.
Admiral Nimitz was on hand, however,
to do the talking for the Navy.
The subject under discussion was one
which mattered a lot to Gen. Macarthur.
We were, then, fighting our way through
the chain of Pacific Islands which made
up the long road to Japan. We had
reached the stage where a crucial de-
cision must be made Should we invade
the Philippines, from which the general
himself had been chased in 1912? Or
should we bypass the Philippines and
hit Formosa, so as to secure air bases
for the big attack on Japan? The Navy
was all in favor of the latter course.
Armed with long pointer and ream
of maps, Admiral Ninitz made detailed
presentation of the Navys argument.
Gen. Macarthur, who had had no chance
to prepare a case or to provide himself
with Recommendation, listened with the
President and Admiral Leahy, Mr.
Roosevelts chief of staff. He was con-
vinced that the invasion of the Philip
pines was essential. But. as he listened
to the notwithstanding to 1t. Gen.
Robert L. Eichelberger. who recounts
the incident in his new book, Our
Jungle Road to Tokyo"-Gen. Mac
Arthur got the feeling that he hadn't
prayer of winning the debate. 1t seemed
to him that President Roosevelt was abb
solutely sold on the Nays plan of action.
Admiral Nimitz sat down. 1t was Gen.
MacArthurs turn.
AS always. the general was eloquent.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Puppy on q CIothesIine

She ran a,Day each time ,De let her out
And made her rounds throughout the
netghborho0d,
But mango, diStemper feGS auere all
about,
Besides ,oe ,oorried lest somebody
should
Be 1Danting such a playful cocker pup
Whose black curls shone against her
collars red.
We knew that she Would let then, pick
her up -.
And needless traffic pas another
risk to dread.
We chained her to the line for exercise,
But every Increment made the pulley
sing.
she frose in fear ,Uith stricken, white-
ringed eyes
Inploring US to saue her from the
thing.
Yet, kno1otng every heart must learn
to bear
Its discipline from life, ,oe did not dare.
LUCILLE JONES STREACKER.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Mr.. Churchill on Korea

Winston Churchill is not man who is prone
to be optimistic for optimism's sake. AS one
of the worlds great political leaders and as a
historian of the first order-rch in years. wisdom
and experience-he looks at events with hard
and exceptionally perceptive eye. Indeed, as
he has repeatedly demonstrated particularly as
Britain's wartime Prime Minister and as free
dom's tocsin-ringer before that-he has vir-
tually matchless genius for accurately measuring
the significance of international developments,
whether dark or bright. Above ALL he is celebrated
for not sweetenng the truth when the truth is
bitter.
So it is of more than little interest that
Mr.. Churchill, in speech at Copenhagen, has
Just voiced the optimistic belief that the day may
be nearing when lasting peace settlement may
be reached with the Soviet Union-a settlement
that may Danish the corroding fear of global
war for long time to come. A few years ago.
few months ago, even few weeks ago, his
comments on the world situation were gloomy
enough to suggest that events, in his judgment
were moving fast toward an all-out armed
conflict between the free nations and the Red
totalitarians. But now he senses that the trend
has been checked in a way that justifes new
feeling of reasonable hopefulness.
This change in his own mood has been
ascribed by Mr.. Churchill to the bold brave and
history making action taken by the United
States and the overwhelming majority of the
United Nations against the aggreSsor in Korea
AS result, in his opinion, the world "iS safer
place to live in tonight than it was three months
ago." For this unprecedented enterpriSe-sup
ported in one way or another by all peoples and
governments on this side of the Iron Curtain
has come as a solemn warning to the predatory
everywhere, especially to the men of the Kremlin,
that they cannot any longer commit the crime
of aggression without risking collective armed
counter-action by the massed angered forces of
the free lands.
1t is primarily because of this-prmarily
because the United States and nearly all the
other members of the U. N. have shown with
blood and steel that they are determined to make
aggression too hazardous and too improbable
to be tried-that Mr. Churchill has given voice
to moderate optimism. The bright thing that
he believes in is this That if the free world
now that it has shown its will in Korea-unites
as much as possible and builds up its political,
economic and military strength to genuinely
formidable degree in the international balance
of power situation will develop "n which some
kind of lasting settlement may be made with the
Soviet government" to insure "a long interlude of
peace"
Future events of course, may prove MIR.
Churchill to be wrong But there are some signs
such as the new temperate language of the
Russians at the U. N. and the sudden Moscow
press campaign harping on the Kremlin'S desire
to collaborate peacefully with America and the
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Disclaimer
/. M.

A news dispatch recently received by
the press here from Pakistani sources
falsely asserted that Afghan troops in
vaded Pakistan territory.
We state officially that this allegation
is absolutely without foundation. No
Afghan troops have taken part in any
action against PakiStan. It is the people
of Pakhtunistan who have been driven
into taking some measures for their own
protection in their own territory. The
incident is result Of the aggressive &C
ton Of Pakistan against the Pakhtuns
by bombing the Pahktun territory as
result of which men, women and chill
dren were killed three weeks ago.
The gravity of the situation was
brought to the attention of the peace
loving peoples of the world by the Pakh-
tuns, who demand their legitimate right
of independence in their fatherland-
Pakhtunistan.
M. Shoueb Ell Modjadidi,
Attache. Embassy of Afghanistan.
Evening star., 1950-10-13

whole capitalist world-that suggest he may be
right. If so, then future generations may well
look back upon the action in Korea as the most
decisive and brightest turning point in the
tortured history of mankind's struggle, from
millennium to millennium, to put an end to the
crime of aggression and to establish system
of collective security guaranteeing peace for all
nations.
At any rate, assuming that our own country
and the free world in general do not abandon
the preparedness course they have set for them
selves, there is at least the possibility that what
they have done in Korea will so sober the forces
of aggression that Mr. Churchill's best and
highest hopes, which are the hopes of all man
kind, will in fact be realized In that case, the
foreign policy of the United States-the prime
mover of events since last June 25-will be
enshrined in history with the blessings of the
ages, regardless of the shallow things being said
about it in these days by people like Harold
StasSen.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Letters to The Star

upon the people of our country. And
why? Because it assents to and encour-
ages Unnecessary distinctions because it
widens the breach and solidif1es the bar
riers between us and the rest of the
community of which we should form an
undistinguishable portion; because it
permits two schools of the same grade
in the same district and insists that the
condition of admission in one shall be
that the child shall be white, and the
other that the child shall be colored.
1.-THE system of white schools contem-
plates the crystallization of the most
malignant type of prejudice, tends to
distract the social forces of organization
and prescribe the fields in which genius
shall operate, denies to certain classes
the result of legitimate competition. JUS
titles discrimination on account of color
merely and opens the fioodgates which
are tributary to popular hate and race
prejudice. ...
Our success in this country depends
upon the relation we bear to the whites.
There is no use talking; we cannot live
in country as a distinct class. I am
persuaded that it is our duty to break
down the disposition prevalent among
whites to berate the colored people as an
inferior race.
II believe that now is the time to adj
vocate mixed schools. for it is the rule
that advocacy must precede adoption
and policy should follow principle.
am in favor of the advocacy of mixed
schools from now and henceforth."
Sixty-eight years ago the question of
mixed schools was discussed by leaders
as it is today. was born and educated
in Washington. I am former member
of the Board of Education of this city
and was the only colored member on
the committee for the community use
of buildings at the time of the regrettable
and unforgivable Marian Anderson Incl
dent.
in my insistence upon her appearance
at Central High School, I felt the force,
the evil impact, of discrimination against
our free institutions by those who preach
patriotism and Christianity and practice
intolerance. The segregated schools in
Washington foster such intolerance.
also felt the strength. the courage, of
real men like DR.. Walter Hager, presi-
dent of Wilson Teachers College. who
dared to express his convictions on the
merging of Miner and Wilson Teachers
Colleges as step toward democratic
education in the Nations Capital. He is
being assailed because he speaks the
truth. Men like DR.. Hager are working
to make democracy live.
With Negro boys fighting and dying
in the battlefelds of Korea in the name
of America, it will not be so easy to
justify discrimination and segregation
on the basis of color alone by those who
would destroy our democratic ideals
Virginia Richardson Mcclure.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Why All the Haste?

The Federal Communications Commission
has produced convincing evidence of the superior
quality of mechanically produced color television
as compared with partially developed electronlc
systems. But the reasoning advanced by an FEC
majority for refusing to delay final approval of
the mechanical method, as sponsored by the
Columbia Broadcasting System, is not so con-
vincing.
The stated FEC reason for adopting at once
the CHS plan of bringing color to the Nations
million odd TV sets is that any additional delay
in making permanent it's tentative decision in
favor of CHS would only increase the number of
new sets that would have to be converted. That
argument would be valid If the televsion industry
were ready today to start producing color TV
receivers-of the CHS or any other type. Actually,
manufacturers are having difficulty in obtaining
supplies to keep up with the demand for black
and-white receivers. The shortages are apt to
grow worse as Federal demands for radar and
other electronic equipment increase in line with
expanded defense orders Indications are that
it will take many months, perhaps several years,
before quantity production of color TV equipment
can be achieved.
If the public will not be able to buy color
equipment any time soon, it is hard to see why
the FEC, by five-to-two vote, decided that haste
in reaching final decision on color systems is
necessary. Two commissioners urged delay so
that research and development experts in the
electronic color tube field could have more time
to improve the electronic systems. Radio Cor
poraton of America and Color Televison, 1ncor
porated are leading competitors in this field.
Both companies have reported progress in i'm
proving the quality of their color pictures. but
the FEC, by its split decision, has refused even
to examine these improvements at this time.
The majority indicated that 1t looks with
favor further research and that it will consider
revising its attitude toward color tubes if one
ever is devised that meets its strict standards for
color television If such a tube should make its
debut after thousands or millions of TV owners
have gone to the expense of converting their
conventional sets to the CHS revolving disc
system the FEC decision will have cost the public
lot of wasted money. Color wheel converters
would be rendered obsolete by an FCC-approved
electronic color tube. And the tube system would
eliminate the bulky Wheel which would be at
least two feet in diameter for the largest picture
practicable with the CHS device-12Kz inches
This much is plain. The prospect of early
Transformation OF the television Industry from
black-and- white to color is still as slim as ever
despite the FEC decision. And this being so, it
is very difficult to believe that either the public
interest or the interest of an industry that is
still in the limping stage has been served by this
needessly premature commitment to particular
color system.
Evening star., 1950-10-13

The United States. Gen. Macarthur said,
was morally committed to the Philip
pines. Eighteen million Filipinos hoped
and believed that we would come to their
rescue, having fought our way back from
the dark days of Bataan. Was Mr..
Roosevelt prepared to abandon these
people?
Doubtless neither the President nor
the general was unmindful, during that
interview. of the fact that it was Gen.
Macarthur himself who had told the
Filipinos. II shall return
There was no more to be said. Gen.
Macarthur bowed to the President and
started for the door. According to Gen.
Eichelberger, "he felt sure his cause
was lost
But behind him, Mr.. Roosevelt, who
had been sitting in silence, took his
cigarette holder out of his mouth.
wait a minute, Douglas" he said.
Come back here!"
. And so the invasion of the Philippines
was on-one of the most important
decisions of the Pacific war. The deci
sions to be made this time are probably
no less weighty.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Imperfect Justice

The case of Robert Snead williams, jr., who
has had the narrowest of narrow escapes from a
gross miscarriage of justice, serves to remind us
again that our judicial system, superior though
1t is, remains and will continue to be an imperfect
system
Accused of indecent exposure before two
young girls, Mr.. Williams position seemed all but
hopeless. The girls were positive in their identi
fication of Mr. Williams as the offender and they
undoubtedly were sincere. He was near the scene,
in circumstances which did not preclude the
possibility of his having committed the offense.
In short, except for certain testimony that was
tnconclusive, it was his word against that of the
two girls, and it is not at all surprising that he
was found guilty.
The one hope was to persuade the real culprit
to come forward and identify himself. It was a
slim hope, but it was worth trying, and Assistant
Corporation Counsel King, who had prosecuted
the case vigorously at the outset, co-operated in
every reasonable way with the accused man.
After receiving two anonymous confession letters,
Mr. King publicly promised the writer full
Immunity if he would come in and identify
himself Meanwhile, being naturally suspicious
of the letters the prosecutor had the handwriting
compared with that of other persons interested
in the case, and this resulted in an accusation
disputed by other experts-that Mr.. Williams
daughter had written the letters. This as mat
ters turned out, was piling of injustice upon
injustice. For the daughter did not write the
letters. 1t may be, however that this involvement
of the daughter served as the final prod needed
to bring forward the real offender.
At any rate man who has not been identi
fed, and whose identity quite properly will be
protected finally went to Mr.. King and said that
he had written the letters and that he had
committed the offense He was subjected to
so-caled truth serum and lie-detector tests which
tended to confirm his story. In addition, he
described details of the offense which had not
been made public--a- circumstance which leaves
little room for doubt. The promise made to this
man will be kept. No charge is to be lodged
against him. Instead, he will receive psychiatric
treatment in an effort to remedy the abnormalty
which he says has been responsible for long
record of undetected similar offenses. One can
only hope that cure will be his reward for
having the courage and the decency to clear the
name of an innocent man.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. Is vaccination required by all Ameri-
can schoolS?-1. M. D.
A, In 1905 the United States Supreme
Court held that a requirement that all
citizens or all those Of class be vacci-
mated is within the police power OF a
State Since that time almost all school
systems require vaccination as condition
for admission. If parent refuses to per-
NIT his child to be vaccinated, the educa-
tional authorities may exclude the child.
@. Who was responsible for raising the
price of gold from $20.67 an ounce to
$35, and when did the change take
place?-C. McC.
A The change in the price of gold was
made at the direction of President Frank
lin D. Roosevelt. Beginning in April,
1888, it was advanced gradually until 1t
reached the present amount of $35 an
ounce on January 81, 1884.
@ Do Holsters feel pain as a result
of treatment to which they are subjected
from the time they are taken from
the ocean until they are finally boiled
alive? Even though they have small
brains, aren't they still capable of feel
ing?-M. M. K.
A. It would be difficult to determine
whether Holsters feel pain as we know
it. Apparently they do not suffer from
shock, for severe wounds or losses Of
appendages do not result in death unless
an important blood vessel is cut. In
the lower classes Of animals. with their
relatively undeveloped nervous systems.
there are definite reactions to unfavor-
able stimuli Pain and feeling are sub
jective qualities which are difficult to
define and measure.
Evening star., 1950-10-13
Refuge in Uniform

I'm a mother of two children. Their
father left us for another woman. which
necessitated a divorce. He had a court
order to support his children with very
small sum each month. He paid few
months, joined the Army and when the
Army stopped allotments and left it up
to the soldier to send money direct to
his dependents, never received another
check.
For five months I've been trying to get
some help from the Army to force my
husband to pay. Nobody will do thing
for me. His commanding officer ignores
my letters. I'm helpless. At present I'm
unable to work. watch my children go
without the necessities of life-and what
can do? Isn't it enough for me to have
the children to bring up without having
their full support on my overburdened
shoulders? The money the average
woman of today makes is not enough to
support two children fully, since large
part of it has to be paid to nursery.
Some of the officers in the various de-
partments have had the audacity to get
pretty insolent with me. which is
breach Of decorum, and to me an officer
doesn't look so good without that.
Many women have had to give their
children up for lack of sufficient money
to support them. So homes and hearts
are broken, because the Army offers such
a good refuge and will do absolutely
nothing to help mothers keep their chill
dren.
What would they do to soldier If
he spit on the flag? Yet what do they
do when soldier spits on his children?
Agitated Mother.
Editors Note: An Army spokesman
says that if this woman writes to the
Army Adjutant General and estab-
fishes the fact of her dependency-in
this case by citing the court order
the Army can take steps to force the
soldier to make an allotment.)