davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-02-05
By Frederick r. Nicely

Other United States airlines are
watching with more than academic
interest the battle Colonial Air
lines is waging over certain fea-
lures Of this country's bilateral
air agreement with Canada. For
If Trans-Canada Airlines is denied
American route rights. the Cana
dian government could then make
matters somewhat unpleasant for
the United States lines flying the
North Atlantic.
Colonial objects in particular to
a phase Of the air agreement
which would permit Trans
Canada to furnish nonstop serv-
ice between Montreal and New
York, a route flown exclusively for
% years by Colonial. Sigmond
Janas. Colonial president, has
vociferously protested the right of
the Civil Aeronautics Board and
State Department to extend such
route privileges to Trans-Canada.
Mr.. Janas contends Trans
Canada service to New York would
cost the American taxpayers more
than $1,000,000 in subsidy. He
figures Colonial would lose this
much to Trans-Canada's faster
planes, and that the United States
Government would, therefore,
have to make up a loss for which
the CAB would be held respon-
sible.
Sometime this month the Su-
preme Court is scheduled to study
the legality of the bi-lateral air
agreement. Should the United
States eventually deny Trans
Canada the right to fly to New
York. Canada in turn could clamp
down on American commercial
operations at Newfoundland.
Bargaining Points
Canada along with the United
States and nearly every nation but
Soviet Russia, adopted the prin-
ciple of. the first two of the five
freedoms of the air" agreed upon
at the momentous Chicago inter-
national air transport conference
in 1914. These gave the right of any
country, signatory to the overall
convention for the orderly regula-
ton of international flying, to
fly over Canadian territory in
scheduled air transportation and
to land for refueling and repairs
without the need for bilateral
agreement. But commercial traffic
rights of the remaining three free
doms-the right in this case of
the United States scheduled air.
lines to carry passengers, mail
and cargo from America to Cam
ada: the right to pick up such
business In Canada and fly. it
back to America and the right
to pick up the same kind of
business in Canada and fly it to
Europe-these being known as the
third, fourth and fifth freedoms
ARE still cautiously reserved by
Canada for trading purposes in
working out bilateral agreements,
Evening star., 1950-02-05
Salary More Attractive

for its Trans-Canada Airline to
fly to other nations.
Unlikely at this point as it ap-
pears, should the United States
eventually deny Canada the right
to fly New York-Montreal, Can
ada then could and doubtless
would. deny the third, fourth and
fifth freedom rights to our three
international airlines flying to
Europe, American Overseas Air
lines, Pan American and Trans
World Airline, which now pick
up and discharge traffic at Gan
der. Newfoundland. America had
those rights with Newfoundland
before it became a part of Can
ada on April ! last. but those
rights evaporated when Canada
took over. With these bargain
ing cards in hand, Canada noti-
fed the United States it was
ready to take up a revision of
the old 1945 air agreement (there
had been a couple of unsuccessful
efforts after that and as Colonial
Airlines interpreted it. issued
America an ultimatum that un-
less new agreement were under
taken before April 80, our three
freedoms would be Cancelled at
Gander, the important jumping
off point for Europe.
Gander's Value Questioned
Colonial says the business to be
had at Gander is now negligible
Trans Canada Airlines being in q
position to take it all now, where
as before Newfoundland became a
part of the Dominion, TEA did not
operate to Europe through Gan
der, but did through Goose Bay,
Laborador, about 400 miles far
.ther north. But they fed Cana
dian business into Gander for
u. S. and European airlines with
local services.
With or without this fact al
legged by Colonial, TWA, Pan
American and American Over
seas placed a total annual evalua-
ton on this business of more than
81 100000 and therefore did not
want to lose third, fourth and
fifth freedom rights at Gander
when the agreement was being ne
gotiated.
But. says CAB Chairman Joseph
j. O'Connell, ir, every esti-
mate that was involved in
this thing was taken for what
ever 1t was worth and with siz-
able grain of salt on both sides. !"
He referred to the million dollars
Colonial declared It would actually
lose annually from Trans Canada
competition between Montreal
New York and what TWA. Pan
American and American Overseas
said they would lose at Gander If
Canada Cancelled our three free
doms there. If Canada does can
Gel them, our international air.
lines still have the right to fly in
and out of Gander but can do no
business.
Mr.. Janas, a pioneer in the air.
line business before becoming
president OF Colonial in 1898, Is
pioneering q new course In seeking
Evening star., 1950-02-05

tention on the State Departments
much discussed Policy Planning
Board. One of the original mem
bers, and more recently vice
chairman of that body, is George
Butler, former Ambassador to
the Dominican Republic. In fact,
most of Mr.. Buffers long years in
the foreign service have been
spent in Latin America.
Views on Dictators
One of the most noticeable
aspects of the new policy under
Mr.. Miller, is the attitude toward
Latin American relationships and
the usurpation of governmental
powers by military strongmen and
cliques. The Assistant Secretary
makes no effort to conceal his
personal displeasure with and dis
like for the recent wave of coups
d'etat in so many OF the southern
countries. But he is careful to re-
frain from any appearance of
interfering in the purely internal
political affairs of any of them.
Rather he and his associates take
the position that positive and
constructive support and en-
couragement of constitutional
regimes and democratic minded
leaders will in the long run ac-
complish more for the cause of
better government in these coun-
tries than open and aggressive op-
position to the strongmen.
They realize that pure democ-
racy cannot be brought to all of
Latin America in a day. What
with millions of illiterate people
and miserable standard of living
for the masses in many of the
countries. democracy must of ne
cessity be slow and sometimes
painful process. It cannot be i'm
posed from without.
Greater emphasis is already be-
ing placed on the Importance of
full cooperation among all the
countries in dealing with such
questions as inter-American polit-
ical wrangles or threats of aggres-
sion. Our representatives have
served on practically all that or
ganization's commissions and
committees appointed to investi-
gate and settle the recent Carib-
bean disputes, including the one
between Costa Rica and Nicara-
qua and the current one between
the Dominican Republic and
Haiti.
AS an example of the Importance
placed upon the inter-American
machinery of cooperation, we
now maintain full-time ambassa-
dors on the Council, of the OAS
and the Inter American Economic
and Social Council. The bureau
is also represented by a special
emissary on the staff Of our
United Nations Ambassador
Warren D. Austin, who maintains
liaison with the Latin American
representatives in that organlza-
ton. = %fsItsss 10
Evening star., 1950-02-05

Gordon Dean, later a crack
member of the Justice Depart
ment legal staff and now on the
Atomic Energy Commission, held
an executive position in the law
school at the time, and he took
a rather dim view of any one try
ing to keep up with the course OF
instruction and work on the side
as the White House official recalls
with a chuckle.
The new student, consequently
got the idea that Duke didn't
exactly approve of this dual en-
deavor, so for two years I kept
quiet about the job"
That year was noteworthy or
another count. Miss Kate Ora
ham of Durham made a momen-
tous decision, and then there
were two Murphys.
The following year it was a
threesome, when Courtney now
16, made her appearance. West
brook, 8, and Elizabeth, en- route
to 2. round out the' household
at present.
Landed Capitol Job
The following year, at the in
sistance of some former fellow
students who had come to Wash
ington, young Murphy, receiving
his degree, decided to see what the
Capital might hold.
BY that time, Justin Miller
former Duke law school head, and
now president of the American
National Association of Broad
casters, had come to the Justice
Department, and the budding
lawyer went around to see if his
former mentor knew where a
fresh diploma could be exchanged
for a meal ticket. A
Mr.. Miller thought the Office
of the legislative counsel for the
Senate might offer possibilities, Sc
there Murphy headed, and to hi.
surprise, was employed at $2,100
THAT was just luck" he says
Some more of the same took
place when Senator Truman Later
! called on the legislative counse,
Evening star., 1950-02-05
Mr. Anonymous of the White House
Thut's Mr.. Trumun's S
New Legal Adviser,
. Charles S. Murphy
By Joseph A. Fox

When President Roosevelt coined
that well remembered phrase, "a
passion for anonymity" in listing
ideal qualifications for top White
House personnel, he no doubt had
in mind those individuals Of the
stripe of Charles S. Murphy,
newly named presidential counsel.
For more than Is years that
quiet North Carolinian has had
important assignments in the Gov
ernment-f1rst at the Capitol and
latterly as a member of President
Truman's staff of administrative
assistants-but he still has man
aged to keep out of the public eye
to a degree that is just about un-
precedented in official Washington.
In this connection, there was an
Illuminating incident at recent
presidential press conference.
AS reporters crowded around
President Truman's desk, one vet
eran nudged neighbor and asked
who is that?" as he pointed to-
ward little group of onlookers
ringed behind the President.
The object Of his curiosity was
Mr.. Murphy.
mo wonder people don't recog-
nize Charley-he spends all of his
time working in this Office" COM
mented an admiring associate who
heard about that.
Rosenman First Counsel
Moving toward his 41st birth
day-that will be August 20-Mr.
Murphy takes over a relatively
new post which President Roose-
velt created in September, 1943,
with the appointment of his old
friend, Judge Samuel I. Rosen-
man of New York, one of the
principal architects of the New
Deal, who up to that time had
been doubling on the bench and
as a general White House handi-
without-portfolio. The jurist,
incidentally, gave up a $4,000
annual salary in New York for the
$4,000 the White House job then
paid.
I A few months after President
Roosevelt's death Judge Rosen-
man stepped out, and President
Truman at first was inclined to
abolish the position. Then he
took a second look and decided
that he, too, needed a legal adviser
closer than the Justice Depart
ment,. and selected Clark Clifford,
his fellow Missourian, who had
come to the White House as as
sistant naval aide.
In the meantime, the Presi-
dent had not forgotten a valuable
lieutenant of his days as head of
the Senate's famous War Investi-
eating Committee, and about
three years ago, Mr.. Murphy
moved from the Capitol to the
White House as an administra-
tive assistant. He was the logical
choice for a successor, when Mr..
Clifford returned to private life.
~
Salary More Attractive
Actually, as counsel, Mr.. Muir
phys duties will not be a whole
lot different than in the past.
The salary, however, is more at
tractive, having been raised re-
Gently from $4,000 to $4,000.
He smiles at the comparison
when recalling his first Govern
ment job in North Carolina, where
Evening star., 1950-02-05
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington D. C.
SUNDAY FEBRUARY S
ECA Hoping to Integrote
Europe by Currency Plan
Hoffman Wants Clearing Union for ERP
Countries to Establish Common Form of
Money Thot Would Help Trading
By Herbert Brotter

When Paul Hoffman of the Economic Cooperation Admins
tration visited
evidences of European fhep with which
impatient Congress during
gloomy report of the Marshall Plan council
That report states that Europe will still
Evening star., 1950-02-05
U.S.. Gets More NeighborIy
In Latin Diplomatic Policy
Neighboring OfficioIs and Our Own ENJOYS
Are Getting Over the Feeling of Being
Neglected by State Department
Edward TomIinson

PoRT-AU-PRINcE HaitA last the United States to
be developing definite ethoughtou Western Hemisphere
policy There also reorganed
American Affairs in the State Department
the fact that the department has
Edward G. Miller r experienced
Evening star., 1950-04-05
6 in 100 Have Federal Jobs

Six out Of every 100 bread
winners in the United States work
directly for the Federal Govern
ment.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Prosecutor of Harry Bridges
Well Known in District Bar

F. Joseph Donohue, the prose-
cutor Of the Harry Bridges perjury
trial in San Francisco, is a widely
known member of the Washington
bar.
AS special assistant to the At
torney General. Mr.. Donohue
headed the prosecution of the
West Coast longshoremen's leader
through IS days of turbulent
courtroom sessions over four and
a half months. The trial ended
yesterday with the conviction Of
Bridges and his two associates
after the jury had been out s41a
hours. 'H'> '"|-t-
Mr." Donohue is q member. of
the board Of directors OF the Dis
trict Bar Association and a part
ner in the law firm of Donohue &
Kaufman. to which Municipal
Judge Milton S. Kronheim, jr.
belonged until his appointment to
the bench. Mr.. Donohue has
practiced before the Alcoholic
Beverage Control Board and has
been one of the largest individual
contributors in Washington to
the campaign funds of the Dem
ocratic National Committee,
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Prosecution 10 Beqin
In Mercy Death Case
ky IRE AsseSsoted Prs,s

ALLENTOWN. Pa. April s.
The first prosecution witnesses
will be called today before 8 jury
Of eight men and four women
chosen to weigh Harold Mohrs
story that he shot his 5S-year-
old blind. cancer-ridden brother
TO death out Of pity.
Harold went on trial yesterday
on charges Of murder and volun-
tary manSlaughter in the slaying
of his brother Walter in their
home at nearby Coplay on
March s.
The 36-year- tannery work
er pleaded not guilty, although
he previously signed a statement
that he shot Walter because he
asked me 10 do IT, He was IN
misery and l felt pity and sorrow
for him"
The jury. together with two
women alternates. was selected
yesterday before court adjourned.
Legal maneuvering of attorneys
for both sides indicated the State
will not seek the death penalty
and the defense will seek TO con-
done the Staying as merciful.
Defense Attorney Harry c.
Crevellng disclosed two pSychia-
trlstS from the University OF
Pennsylyania'S medical school
examined Harold last Sunday and
may be called as witnesses, They
are DR.. A. NJ Ornsteen and DR..
Gabriel Schwartz.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Dr.. Carpenter Gets Post
Al Baptist Church Here

DR.. j. Walter Carpenter. head
of the Greek department at Co.
lumbia IS. c. Bible College, has
accepted a call to become pastor
of Metropolitan Baptist Church,
Sixth and A streets NE. it was
announced today.
DR.. Carpenter. who will take
over his new position June |, will
succeed the Rev. DR.. K. O. White.
The latter left January / to be-
come pastor of First Baptist
Church, Little Rock, Ark.
A native of johnson City, Tenn,
the 40-year-old clergyman is a
graduate of Southern Baptist
Theological Seminary, Louisville
KY. He served pastorates in Ohio.
Connecticut and Florida before
coming to Columbia Bible College
in 1947. DR.. Carpenter is married
and has four children.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Second Robbery
OF Store in Week
Nets $500 in Loot

For the second time in a week
the safe in the Elizabeth Shep.
herd Dress Shop. 1906 Reservoir
road NV. was looted early today
This time the thief gained en-
trance to the shop by bending
back the blades OF an exhaust far
and climbing through a ventilatol
shaft. The safe in the basement
was pried open. Mrs. Henry Shep-
herd, proprietor. said between $500
and $500 was taken.
Last Thursday a goateed mar
who told employees he had beer
hired to clean out the shop tool
$3.50 from the safe after finding
! it unlocked
Evening star., 1950-04-05

Fifty years old. tall and affable,
he was one of the most ubiquitous
en-about-town until a little over
year ago when he married Miss
Martha Vey Apperson. He is uni
versally known by his nickname.
"Jiggs."
Born in Lynn, Mass, he left high
school to enlist IN World War I.
which ended before he got to
France. He came here in 1919 to
attend Catholic University. and
was admitted to the bar in 1925.
He, enlisted again the day after
Pearl -Harbor. was commissioned
a captain in Air Force Intelligence
and served until after Germany
surrendered. He went on several
bombing missions with the Bits
Of the Eighth Air Force and was
awarded the Bronze Star.
He was assigned to the Bridges
case in April. l949. and immedi-
/ ately went to San Francisco where
he spent 10 weeks preparing evil
dence and presenting it to the
grand jury. He is expected back
at his office near Court House
Square after the sentencing of
Bridges Monday.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
McCarthy's Charges
Helping Communists
Hartman Declares
BY the Associoted Pres,

BOSTON, April 5.-W. Averill
hartman, returning from an eco
nomlc mission to Europe, said to-
day that communism charges
made by Senator Mccarthy, Re-
publican, of Wisconsin, are "help-
ing Communists and confusing
our friends"
Mr.. Hartman refused to elab-
crate but told newsmen he had
a press conference scheduled for
later today in New York.
Mr.. Hartman, former Ambas-
sador to Russia and now special
representative for the Economic
Cooperation Administration in
Europe. said in an airport inter-
view that communism is being
rolled back" in Western Europe.
His plane made an unscheduled
refuellmg stop here en- route from
Europe to New York.
Declaring that this was a per-
sonal opinion, Mr.. Hartman said:
communists are using pressure
all they can to block arms ship
mentS, but this can boomerang
because OF the European reaction.
The people want the arms to de-
fend themselves, to deter war.
The heat is on all the time.
The pressure is on all the time,
but all down the line communism
is being rolled back"
The ECA, he said, is making
good progress" in production and
trade and the same will be true Of
crops If the weather continues
good.
Mr.. Hartman said he expects
to be in Washington for normal
discussions" for several weeks.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Ice Jam Blasted 10 Check
Flood in New Hampshire
BY the Assoeio,ed Press

LANCASTER. N. H., April S.
Sharply rising waters Of Israel
River threatened the entire busi-
ness district early today before
dynamiters blasted sections of d
three mile ice jam.
The jam backed water into busi-
ness and residential sections, caus-
ing the evacuation of four families
and flooding of half a dozen busi-
ness establishments.
Swirling waters threatened to
knock out a bridge in the center
of the business district. The struc-
ture carries toll telephone lines.
Fire Chief Jason Gessner. who
described the flood as the worst in
quarter century in this COM
munity of $500. said the river re-
ceded slightly after the blasting
He reported there was still, grave
danger as it was thaWing and
raining hard.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Expedition Off 10 Seek
Gori||as for D. T.. Zoo
BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK. April 5.-A Cleve-
land Zoo Expedition took off by
air yesterday on a modern safari
to Central Africa-seeking two
elephants and four gorillas for
the hometown ZOO
The expedition, headed by Zoo
Director Fletcher A. Reynolds,
will go to Paris first and then
push on to French Equatorial
Africa with the assistance of the
French government.
Mr.. Reynolds said they also
hope to bring back two more 60
rillas for the National Geological
Park in Washington.
Zoo Director William M. Mann
said today he had obtained a per-
nit from the French government
for the export of two gorillas,
authorizing the Cleveland collec-
tors to capture them for him if
the animals can be located. It
has been more than Is years since
the Zoo here had q gorilla in its
collection. ~' '" ..'~@
Evening star., 1950-04-05
2 Catholic Bishops Get
New Posts in Michioon

The Most Rev. Stephen S. Woz-
nicki, auxiliary bishop of Detroit
has been made bishop of Saginaw
and Msgr. Alexander M. Zaleski
of Pontiac, Mich. will be conse-
Grated bishop to succeed him
The appointments were made
by Pope Plus XII and announced
here by the Most Rev. Amleto
Giovanni Cicognani apostolic del
egate to the United States.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Killed and 4 Injured
As He|icopter Topples
|0ver on Carrier Deck
BY the AsXeeioted Press

NORFOLK. Va, April 5.-A
Navy helicopter toppled over after
a carrier landing at sea and its
churning blades killed two men
and injured four others. the Navy
announced today.
The accident occurred aboard
the carrier Wright yesterday, the
Navy said, and details here were
sketchy. The Wright was at sea
on training maneuvers and was a
day out Of Quonset, r. I.
Information available at the
5th Naval District headquarters
was that the helicopter had just
landed and then tilted over
against the carriers island super
structure. Two of the injured
were hurt critically.
In Washington. the Navy listed
the dead as 1t. Herbert N. Walters
OF Lindale, Tex, and 1t. Carl w.
Baker of Amarillo. Tex.
1t. Walters wife is 1t. Comdr.
Bernice r. Walters, the first wom-
an doctor to be assigned to a Navy
ship at sea. She has been ordered
to join the Consolation, hospital
ship, this summer.
The Navy said reports to WASH
ington showed only three hurt.
1t. Robert o. Davis of Gallipolis,
Ohio, was listed as seriously in
jured. 1t. Thurman E. Newell and
Airman Belvin D. Linwood were
reported slightly hurt. Their
home addresses were not immed-
lately available.
The Wright was due to return to
base April Z, but the Navy said it
might return sooner because of the
fatal crash.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Bridges
Continued From First Page.

Continued From First Page)
to use any means, fair or foul. to
achieve this"
The statement called upon Ia
boring men" throughout the Ma
ton Ito rally now and turn the
tide before they are themselves
engulfed by the forces that thrive
upon political and economic bond
age"
Mr.. Donohue saw the jury's ver-
dict, reached after 81 hours of
deliberation, an assurance of the
Nations internal security.
Ex-Communists Testify.
Ex-Communists. testifying for
the Government. said Bridges be-
came a card-carrying Communist
in ls33-the same year in which
he helped stevedores get a union
charter.
In 1889 a Federal hearing to
determine if he was a Communist
ended with Dean James H. Lands
OF the Harvard Law School ruling
that the evidence -".establishes
neither that Harry r.. Bridges is
a member OF nor affiliated with
the Communist Party of the
United States" In .1941, wher
another Federal hearing reversed
this. the Supreme Court voted
5-3, that the evidence did moi
support the charge.
So contentious was the tria,
Just closed that two defense law
yers were cited for contempt
Yesterday the chief counsel. Vim
cent Hallinan, was sentenced to
serve a six-month term for con-
tempt-the fifth such citation of
his stormy law career. Another
defense attorney, James MacInnis,
was given a three month term.
Both said they would appeal and
the court indicated the actual
serving would be delayed while
the two men handled appeals of
their clients.
Evening star., 1950-04-05
Arlington Head Urges
Gifts in Cancer Fiqht

Arlington Manager A. T. Lund-
berg yesterday called upon county
residents to join in the crusade
against cancer.
by contributing to the Amer
lean Cancer Society, you will be
building a broad research program
launched against a threat to man
kind" Mr.. Lundberg said.
April is Cancer Control Month
with the society sponsoring it's an
nual educational and fund raising
campaign throughout the country
Evening star., 1950-04-05
1949 Accidents Killed 81 900

CHICAGO. - Nation Safety
Council figures show that acci-
dents Of all kinds in the United
States in 1949 took 81 900 lives, in
jured 100000 persons. and cost
81 7,200,000,000. In World War 1,
United States losses were 10000
killed or died and 234 900 injured