davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-06-06

Washington General Assembly,
~ Fourth Degree. Knights of Co
sNgS lumbus, are notified of the death
LAA of Sir Knight GEORGE D;
ga CLAYBURN. and are requested
~ to assemble at the James T.
~ Ryan Funeral Home, az Pa.
ave Sc on Tuesday, June g. 1850. at
SIS pm. for the recital of the rosary.
JOHN EUSTACE, F. N.
CHARLES NJ CONNOR, F. c.
e1AyBURN, GEORGE d. Members of
an Keane Council No. 353
ARA.A Knights of Columbus, are
@EA notified of the death of Broth
NSHN er GEORGE D. CLAYBURN,
SSAA ~ and are requested to assemble
<IN at the James T. Ryan Funeral
WY Home 81 Pa. ave. Sc, Tues
day, June e. 1850, at pm, for recita-
ton of prayers.
ROBERT L. NOWLAND. Grand Knight.
JOSEPH J. GOSSELIN. Fin. Sec.
Evening star., 1950-11-16
Veterans and Droftees

trants up for induction first.
These "a and Is year old fellows
had been passed over by two
previous drafts, those of World
War II and 1948. The fittest men,
mentally and physically, had been
snatched up. Much of what was
left was 4-F material.
Secondly, these same older age
groups have been tapped by vigor-
GUS Air Force. Navy and Marine
Corps enlistment campaigns.
Their AFQT minimum scores are
higher than the Army's, so more
of the fit men with the greatest
capacity to learn" have been
drained off.
Your AFQT score goes into your
Army record, but it won't mean
anything after induction. The
only purpose of the test is to get
fiat Eyes" or "No" to the ques-
ton, "Are you acceptable men,
tally for the Army?"
Evening star., 1950-11-16

6 to 8 cup percoIotor
4-quort covered saucepan
lO-quort soucepot
5-in-l combination cooker
Evening star., 1950-11-16
By Maj. Thomas M. Niol

Mai. Gen. Hershey. director OF
selective service, has protested
about the high draft rejection
rate. The impression has been
spread around that most of the
rejects are failing the Army's
mental test. Gen. Hershey i'm
plies mental requirements are too
high.
The mental exam, called the
Armed Forces Qualification Text
.(AFQT). is given to draftees and
enlistees in all the services. What
it does is measure a mans capa-
city to learn" Your knowledge,
education and mechanical skill
don't necessarily matter.
During the last war the Army
has a General Classification Test
(GCT. 1t was designed to show
aptitudes-whether you were good
in mathematics, clerical work,
mechanics and so forth. Today
the Get has been replaced by a
battery of 10 aptitude tests given
all draftees and enlistees after
they get into the Army. The
AFQT is given everybody before
they. go into any of the, services.
Is the AFQT tough? Congress-
men and newsmen who have
taken it say it is. However, they
say the passing score is so low it's
not a case of being difficult to
pass, but difficult to funk.
The 45-minute test has word,
math and space problems. all 80
of them multiple-choice. OF the
four given answers to each prob
lem, you are supposed to pick the
right one.
The passing score, both for
draftees and Army enlistees, is
10. The Army says more than
half those who have finished fifth
grade should make 10. This does
not mean, however. that you must
answer 70 of the 80 questions cor
rectly or answer 10 per cent cor
rectly.
The Air Force takes enlistees
who score 80 if high school
graduates and 80 if not high
school grads. AS for the Navy its
system of scoring is different but
its passing score is between 80
and 100.
The draftees who funk the
exam are not tagged 4-F and sent
home Immediately. They're in
terviewed by Army officers who
have the power to "induct ad-
ministratively." A high school
graduate who f1unks, for instance,
is sworn in just the same. Any
fellow who shows ability to earn
a good living but f1unks also is
likely to be "inducted admins
tratively."
The test is designed to weed
out only the bottom II per cent
of the general population. Last
July total 582 per cent of the
draftees were rejected, but only
1872 were rejected for mental
reasons alone and 9,3 per cent for
a combination of mental and
physical reasons.
In August total 48.5 per cent
were rejected, but only 17.6 per
cent for mental reasons alone and
81 per cent for combined mental
and physical reasons.
These rates run above the -
per cent the Army counted on.
Then why, if it's so tough to
funk, are SO many rejected? The
Army explains 1t this way:
First of all, draft boards are
required to send the oldest regis
Evening star., 1950-11-16
BOYS Ask Sea Course

Some $50 boys of Annadale
Secondary School, Belfast, North
ern Ireland. have asked that a
course on seamanship be added
to the curriculum.
Evening star., 1950-11-16
Uranium Found

Three people who bought a
geiger counter (for detecting ura-
nium) found big deposits of atom
ore at Katherine, Australia, 200
miles south of Darwin.
Evening star., 1950-11-16
Nitrate for japan

Chile expects Japanese ship
lines to renew calls at Chilean
ports, to load cargoes of nitrate
for Japan. where the fertilizer is
badly needed.
Evening star., 1950-11-16
Hot Hogs Healthy

To keep them happy and
healthy. pigs should be housed in
a hot atmosphere, experts at Bel
fast, Northern Ireland. have de-
cided, after experiments,
Evening star., 1950-01-04
Also Recommends Housing Aid
For MiddIe-Income Groups

of the European recovery program
This program has achieved great
success in the first two years o1
operation, but it has not yet beer
completed. If we were to stop this
program now, or cripple it just
because it is succeeding, we should
be doing exactly what the enemies
of democracy want us to do. We
should be just as foolish as q man
who, for reasons Of false economy
failed to put roof on his house
after building the foundation and
the walls.
World prosperity also requires
that we do all we can to expand
world trade. As q major step in
this direction, we should promptly
join the International Trade Or
ganization. The purpose Of this
organization, which the United
States has been foremost in Gre
ating, is to establish a code Of fair
practice, and an international au-
thority for adjusting differences in
international commercial relations.
It is an effort to prevent the kind
of anarchy and responsibility in
world trade which did so much to
bring about the world depression
in the 1906.
An expanding world economy re-
quires the improvement Of living
standards and the development of
resources in areas where human
poverty and misery now prevail.
Without such improvement, the re-
covery Of Europe and the future
of our own economy will not be
secure. I urge that the Congress
adopt the legislation now before it
to provide for increasing the flow Of
technical assistance and capital in
vestment to under-developed re-
gions.
Prompt Action Imperative.
It is more essential now than
ever, If the ideals of freedom and
representative government are to
prevail in these areas, and particu-
larly in the Far East. that their
people experience, in their own
lives, the benefits Of scientific and
economic advances. This program
will require the movement Of large
amounts Of capital from the in
dustrial nations, and particularly
from the United States. to produc-
tive uses In the UNDER r-developeei
areas of the world. Recent world
events make prompt action impera-
tive.
This program is In the interest Of
all peoples-and it has nothing in
common with either the old imper-
ialism of the last century or the
new imperialism of the Communists.
Our aim for q peaceful, demo-
Evening star., 1950-01-04

sibility to help create and maintain
the conditions which will permit
the growth we know is possible.
Foremost among these conditions
is the need for q fair distribution
of our increasing prosperity among
all the great groups Of our popula-
ton who help. bring it about
business, labor and agriculture.
Businessmen must continue to
have the incentives necessary for
investment and for the develop
ment Of new lines Of enterprise.
In the future growth of this coun-
try, lie possibilities for hundreds
of thousands of new and indepen-
dent businesses. As our national
production increases, as it doubles
and redoubles in the next SO years,
the number Of independent and
competing enterprises should also
increase. II the number does not
increase, our constantly growing
economy will fall under the control
of a few dominant economic groups
whose powers will be so great that
Evening star., 1950-01-04

these gains unless we have q stable
economy and avoid the cataStrophes
of boom and bust. that have set us
back in the past.
These gains cannot be achieved
unless our businessmen maintain
their spirit of initiative and enter.
prise and operate in a competitive
economic system. They cannot be
achieved unless our working men
and women and their unions help
to increase productivity and obtain
for labor fair share of the bene-
fits of our economic system. They
cannot be achieved unless we have
a stable and prosperous agriculture.
They cannot be achieved unless
we conserve and develop our nat
ural resources in the public in
terest. Our system will not work
unless our people are healthy, well
educated and confident Of the fu-
ture. It will not work unless all
citizens can participate fully in
our national life.
In achieving these gains, the
Government has q special respon-
Evening star., 1950-01-04

our abundant agriculture prod,,e.
ton. A system OF production pay
ments gives the greatest promise
Of accomplishing this purpose. !
recommend that the use Of such Q
system be authorized.
One of the most important factors
in our continued growth Is the
construction Of more good, up-to.
date housing. In a country such -
ours, there Is no reason why decent
homes should not be within the
reach Of all. With the help OF vari-
GUS Government programs, We have
made great progress in the last
few years in increasing the number
Of homes.
Despite this increase, there il
still an acute shortage Of housing
for the lower and middle income
groups, especially in large metro
politan areas. We have laid the
groundwork for relieving the plight
of lower-income families in the
Housing Act Of 1949. To aid mid.
dle-income families, recommend
that the Congress enact new legis.
lation authorizing . vigorous pro-
gram to help co-operatives and
other non-profit groups build hous-
ing which these families can afford.
Rent control has done q great
deal to prevent the housing shortage
from having had worse effects during
this period of postwar adjustment.
Rent control is still necessary to
prevent widespread hardship and
sharp curtailment Of the buying
power Of millions of consumers In
metropolitan areas. recommend.
therefore, that rent control be con-
tinued for another year.
II we are to achieve q better life
for all, the natural resources Of the
country must be regarded as q pub.
lie trust. We must use our precious
assets Of soil, water, forest, and
grassland in such way that they
become constantly more productive
and more valuable. Government
investment In the conservation and
development OF our resources Ia
necessary to the future economic
expansion Of the country.
Need More Public Power.
We need to enlarge the production
and transmission Of public power.
This Is true not only in those regions
which have already received great
benefits from Federal power prof.
ects, but also In regions such as
New England where the benefits Of
large-scale public power develop
ment have not yet been experienced.
In our hydro-electric and irriga-
ton undertakings, as well as In our
other resource programs, we must
continue policies to assure that their
benefits will be spread among the
many and not restricted to q favored
few.
Important resource, legislation
Continued on Page Ali, Col. y
Evening star., 1950-01-04

cratic world Of free peoples will
be achieved in the long run, not
by force of arms, but by an appeal
to the minds and hearts Of men
If the peace policy Of the demo.
cratic nations is to be successful
they must demonstrate that the
benefits of their way of life can be
increased and extended to all ma.
tions and all races.
In the world today, we are con.
fronted with the danger that thu
rising demand of people everywhere
for freedom and a better life may
be corrupted and betrayed by the
false promises of Communism. In
its ruthless struggle for power, Com.
munism seizes upon our imperfec.
tions, and takes advantage Of the
delays and setbacks which the dem.
ocratic nations experience in theil
effort to secure a better life fol
their citizens. This challenge te
us is more than a military chal.
Ienge. It is a challenge to the
honesty Of our profession OF the
democratic faith; 1t is a challenge
to the efficiency and stability of oul
economic system; it is q challenge
to our willingness to work with
other peoples for world peace and
world prosperity.
| Welcomes Challenge.
For my part, I welcome the chal-
lenge. I believe that our country
at this crucial point in world his
tory. will meet that challenge sue
cessfully. I believe that, in CO.
operation with other free nations OF
the world, we shall extend the full
benefits Of the democratic way OF
life to millions who do not now
enjoy them, and preserve mankind
from dictatorship and tyranny.
I believe that we shall succeed
in our struggle for peace, because
I have seen the success we have
had in our own country in follow
ing the principles of freedom. Over
the last so years, the ideals of lib
|erty and equal opportunity to which
our Nation is dedicated have been
increasingly realized in the lives
of our people. ...--
The ideal OF equal opportunity
no longer means simply the oppor-
tunity which a man has to advance
beyond his fellows. Some Of our
citizens do achieve greater success
than others as a reward for indi-
vidual merit and effort, and this Is
as it should be. At the same time,
out country must be more than q
land OF opportunity for a select
few. It must be land of oppor-
tunity for all Of us. In such q land,
all can grow and prosper together
The simple truth that we can
all go forward together is often
questioned by selfish or short
sighted persons. It Is strange that
this is so, for this proposition is
so clearly demonstrated by our ma
tional history. During the last so
Evening star., 1950-01-04

years, for example, our Nation has
grown enormously in material well
being. This growth has come about,
not by concentrating the benefits Of
our progress in the hands Of a few
but by increasing the wealth OF
the great body of our citizens.
In the last so years. the income
of the average family has increased
so greatly that its buying power
has doubled. The average hours Of
work have declined from go to n
a week, while the hourly produc-
ton Of the average worker has
tripled. Average wages, allowing
for price changes, have increased
from about As cents an hour to
$1.40 an hour.
Fuller Meaning to Life.
We have accomplished what to
earlier ages of mankind would have
been q miracle-we work shorter
hours, We produce more, and we
live better. --.
Increasing freedom from poverty
and drudgery has given a fuller
meaning to American life. Our
people are better educated; we have
more opportunities for travel and
recreation and enjoyment Of the
arts. We enjoy more personal lib
erty in the United States today
than ever before.
II we can continue in the spirit
Of cooperative adventure which has
marked the recent years Of our
progress, we can expect further
scientific advances, further In
creases in our standard Of living,
and q still wider enjoyment OF
democratic freedom.
No one, OF course, can foretell
the future exactly. However, II
we assume that we shall grow as
fast In the future as we have grown
IN the past, we can get a good idea
OF how much our country should
grow over the next so years.
At present our total national pro-
duction is $255 100000, 900 q year.
Our working population and our
output per worker are increasing.
If out productive power continues
to increase at the same rate as it
has increased for the past so years,
our total national production so
years from now will be nearly four
times as much as 1t is today. AL
lowing for the expected growth in
population, this would mean that
the real income Of the average
wamily in the year 1000 AID. would
be about three times what it is
today.
Progress Not Automatic.
These are estimates of what we
can do in the future, but we can
reach these heights only If we fol-
low the right policies. We have
learned by bitter experience that
progress is not automatic-that
wrong policies lead to depression
and disaster. We cannot achieve
Evening star., 1950-01-04
BY The Assoeiotsd Press

Here, in brief, are President
Trllman's major recommends
tions to Congress in his state-of-
the Union message-listed in the
order used by the President:
Military - Continue selective
service, which is still on the books
although no men are now being
drafted. ..
Foreign-Support Atlantic pact
defense plans. Keep the Euro
pean recovery plan going without
Gripping" it. Join the interna-
tional trade organization. Pass
pending measures to put into
effect the point four" program
Of American technical and finan-
cial aid to underdeveloped ma
tions.
Business-"Close the 1oopholes
in the Clayton Act which per-
nit monopolistic mergers" The
President promised to send Con-
gress later "a series of proposals to
strengthen the anti-monopoly
laws, to assist small business. and
to encourage the growth of new
enterprises"
Labor-Repeal the Taft-Hartley
law and replace 1t with "a law
that is fair to all and in harmony
with our ideals" Set up a labor
extension service to encourage
education in labor relations.
Farm-Provide mandatory price
supports for products which are
Evening star., 1950-01-04

they will be . challenge to demo-
cratic institutions.
Must Curb Monopoly.
To avoid this danger, we must
curb monopoly and provide aids to
independent business 50 that it
may have the credit and capital
to compete in a system Of free en-
terprise. I recommend that the
Congress complete action at this
session on the pending bill to close
the loopholes in the Clayton Act
which now permit monopolistic mer-
gers. I also hope before this ses-
sion is over to transmit to the
Congress series Of proposals to
strengthen the anti-monopoly laws,
to assist small business, and to en-
courage the growth Of new enter
prises.
In the case Of labor, free collective
bargaining must be protected and
encouraged. Collective bargaining
is not only a fundamental economic
freedom for labor. It is also q
strengthening and stabinzing in
fuence for our whole economy.
The Federal statute now govern
ing labor relations is punitive in
purpose and one-sided in opera
ton. This statute is, and always
has been, inconsistent with the
practice of true and effective COL
lective bargaining. It should be re-
pealed and replaced by q law that
is fair to all in harmony With our
democratic ideals.
A full understanding Of the pro-
blems Of modern labor relations
is Of such Importance that rec
ommend the establishment of q
labor extension service to encour-
age educational activities in this
field.
, Another essential for our continued
growth is q stable and prosperous
agriculture. For many years, we
have been building q program to
give the farmer reasonable mea-
sure OF protection against the special
hazards to which he Is exposed.
That program was improved at the
last session Of the Congress. How
ever. our farm legislation is still not
adequate.
Although the Congress has pro-
perly declared, as q matter Of ma
tional policy, that safeguards must
be maintained against slumps, in
farm prices, there are serious short
comings in the methods now avail
able for carrying out this policy.
Mandatory price supports should
be provided for the commodities
not now covered which are major
sources Of farm income.
Income ut Fair Levels.
Moreover, we should provide q
method Of supporting farm income
at fair levels which win, at the
same time, avoid piling up unman-
ageable surpluses and allow con-
sumers to obtain the full benefit Of
Evening star., 1950-01-04

major sources OF farm income
and are not adequately covered
Pass farm legislation modelled or
the Brannan plan.
Housing-Provide housing fol-
mlddle-income families by au-
thorizing co-operatives and other
non-profit groups to build dwell
ings such families can afford
Extend Federal rental control an
other year.
Health and security-Increase
the benefits and extend the cov-
erage, Of old-age, and survivors
insurance. Do the same for the
unemployment compensation law
as well as improving its operation
Remedy the shortage Of doctors,
nurses, public health services.
Establish a system Of medical
insurance which will enable all
Americans to afford good medical
care" Provide Federal assistance
to the States for education.
Civil rights-Enact the full civil
rights program proposed previ-
ously. Grant statehood to Alaska
and Hawaii. Give more sef-gov-
ernment to American island pos
sessions. Accord home rule to the
District Of Columbia.
. Taxes-"Make some changes In
our tax system which will reduce
present inequities, stimulate busi-
ness activity, and yield a moderate
amount Of additional revenue"
Evening star., 1950-01-04
Income ut Fair Levels.

Moreover, we should provide q
method Of supporting farm income
at fair levels which viii, at the
same time, avoid piling up unman-
ageable surpluses and allow con-
sumers to obtain the full benefit o1
Evening star., 1950-01-04
Truman Message HiqhIiqhts

major sources Of farm income
and are not adequately covered.
Pass farm legislation modelled on
the Brannan plan.
Evening star., 1950-01-04

Under the principles Of the United
Nations Charter, we must continue
to share the common defense OF
free nations against aggression Att
the last session, this Congress laid
the basis for this joint effort. We
now must put into effect the COM
mon defense plans that are being
worked out.
We shall continue our efforts for
world economic recovery, because
world prosperity is the only sure
foundation for permanent peace.
As an immediate means to this
End, we must continue our support
Evening star., 1950-01-04

Farm-Provide mandatory price
supports for products which are
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-07-20

to the Korean theatre of action, ac-
cording to word received this week
by his parents.
Sgt. Burkholder's wife, who was
with him in the Far East, still is
in Japan at their home in the Tokyo
area. She wrote the Burkholders
that the district last week experien-
ced its first air alert since the start
of hostilities in Korea.
Decorated For Bravery
A veteran of World War II, Sgt.
Burkholder was decorated for bravery
in the campaign against Germany
and won other honors while in the
army. He re-enlisted shortly after
being discharged when the war had
ended.
Since re-entering the service, the
Bluffton man has been stationed in
japan with the army of occupation.
Z Sgt. Burkholder is a 1888 gradu-,
ate of Bluffton High school.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1950-07-20
FINISH % MILES
OF ROAD WORK in
TOWNSHIP PROJECT
Richards Improvement Pro-
gram is First Completed in
Allen County
Trustees Ask for Preliminary
Treatment for Stretch on
AmstutZ Road

Richland townships summer road
improvement program involving more
than % miles of resurfacing on por-
tion of IA roads has been completed
at an estimated cost in excess of
$4,000.
Work on the roads by the county
road department was the first town
ship project completed by the crew
in this summers program, according
to Fred Badertscher, of the Rich
land board of trustees.
Of the aggregate cost in excess
of $4,000 the county will pay ap-
proximately $4,000 with the town.
ship contributing $4,000 toward cost
of the work
15 IMPROVEMENTS
In the extensive Richland town
ship program, there were 13 re-sur-
facing projects on II township roads
and two improvements on county
roads in the township.
In work on county roads, an inn
provement was made on the Ma
poleon road from Beaverdam to the
Jackson township line; and resur-
facing of the Hillville road from
Continued on page 10)