davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-08-18

Toronto Communist paper. That was enough to
convince Dr. Wilson that there must be tieup
between the Communists and the Stockholm
Appeal. Perhaps his experience will be enlight-
ening to some of the churchmen in this country
who also have signed.
The rude awakening, however has not been
limited to church dignitaries. Henry Wallace
started something when he came to the parting
Of the ways with his Progressive Party. little
later Lee Pressman apparently discovered that
there is difference between liberalism and what
the Communists are trying to do to the world.
And now o. John Rogge, wartime Assistant
Attorney General, and an original signer of the
Peace Appeal, has gone to Europe to urge revision
of the appeal and denunciation of North Korea
aS an aggressor.
These men, in times past, have been among
the severest critics of the way we do some things
in this country. They never hesitated to set
themselves up as our guides and mentors. The
bloody fighting in Korea is costly price for their
awakening, but there will be some gain If, at last
they and others like them are going to come
down out of the clouds and join in the stern
fight against the rising threat of Communism.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
More FirepoWer for the Foot Soldier
By Brooks Mcclure

THE AVERAGE civilian may be
l. amazed by progress in the art Of
warfare during the last five years. but
the "old" infantryman of World War II
is not likely to be impressed.
They've found more for the dogface
to carry and more for him to do
otherwise it's much the same as before"
is q typical reaction of the combat vet
eran.
The excl combing Korean war re-
ports finds all the familiar weapons back
in action, plus few which are strange.
All the new weapons amount to built
in artillery for the foot soldier.
One piece which has earned a lot Of
publicity is the new 35-inch bazooka.
Although the World War II veteran
never saw one of these. it's old shoe to
him. He handled the smaller 2.36-inch
rocket launcher which works the same
way.
When it comes to recoilless artillery,
however. the old-timer is outdated. This
weapon, an outgrowth of the little-known
Davis gun tested around the time of
World War I, had only brief combat tests
in the Pacific in 1945.
The recoilless rife, in fact, is really
being battle-tested now for the first
time. 1t comes in three caliberS, 81 mm.,
IS nm. and 105 mm., and the flrst two.
at least, are being used in Korea. The
shells have much the same effect as az
tillery of comparable caliber, but ac-
curacy is often affected by the haste
with which the shots have to be deliv-
cred.
The weapon looks somewhat like a
large bazooka and has been confused
with it. The 81 nm. can be fired from
the shoulder, but the others are too
heavy and must be mounted.
Other soldiers avoid the recoilless rife
team like the plague. The normal recoil
which is taken up by elaborate and
heavy mechanism in conventional field
piece, is counteracted by a back-blast.
And it's this back-blaSt Of smoke and
flame which makes the recoillesS rife
team q ready target for the enemy.
Both the recoilless rifles and bazooka3
are the result of long efforts to give the
infantry closer cannon support. The
basooka is supposed to supply firepower
which formerly could be provided only
by high-velocity anti-tank guns. The
recoilless gun gives added support-but
does not replace-the more accurate and
better co-ordinated artillery to the rear
In trying to increase the foot soldiers
firepower, however, the Army has been
careful not to dispense with some weap-
ons which gave valuable service in World
War II and even World War l.
The old warhorSeS of World War II
the 8lmm. and Comm. mortars-are
Evening star., 1950-08-18
How InfIotion Could Be Halted

Two United States Senators in recent
radio broadcast stated that they knew Of
only two ways to prevent imitation. One
was to impose higher taxes and the other
was to produce more goods.
But there is a third way which never
seems to occur to any member of Con-
gress except Senator Byrd, and that is
to stop our waSteful Government spend
ing and to use the money saved to pay
the war costs.
I note that recently we delivered hum
dreds of thousands of dollars worth OF
expensive earth-moving machinery to
Algiers for the purpose Of preventing soil
erosion in that country. And I have read
of thousands of dollars worth Of Amerf-
can machinery left rusting and unused
on the docks of other countries where it
was delivered as a gift.
Any theory which holds that the very
first step in preparing for all-out ma
tional defense is to shoot the business
man, fix him so he can't meet pay
roll and make him fire his employees,
30 that they will have to be added to
the millions receiving unemployment
compensation, is sure cockeyed.
F. G. Campbell.
Evening star., 1950-08-18

carrying their weight in combat once
again as infantry-type artillery. These
weapons are usually fired from behind
a hill with the aid of a direct observer
and can lob their shells with deadly &C
curacy. The 81 was the successor to
the old Stokes mortar which veterans
of World War I might remember, and
the smaller so was developed in the sos
to provide still closer support for troops
on the line.
The standard rifle is still the Garand
known always as the MI in the trade
which was introduced into combat in
1943. 1t has a clip of eight rounds and
fires a shot with each squeeze Of the
trigger without disturbing aim.
The carbine, which looks like a jun
ior MI to the uninitiated. has grown in
popularity since the last war. 1t has
15-round magazine, and some models
fire automatically like a submachine
gun. World War II veterans who cursed
the inaccuracy Of the carbine will be
glad to know it has Garand sight now
and is better for aimed fire.
The trend toward more and better au-
tomato weapons has not altered the
status Of the World War Browning
automatic rifle. Virtually unchanged
in more than 80 years, the BAR still Is
one Of the most-feared American weap-
ons in the field. Traditionally the
Evening star., 1950-08-18
By Charles E. TroceweN

times to the point Of distraction Of hui
man listeners, is merely saying Hello,
there" in pigeon talk.
h
AS far as we can find out, most
pigeons are as faithful to their mates as
most other birdS-which means that
sometimes they are, and sometimes they
aren't.
So much depends upon unknown fac
tors that there is reasonable latitude.
The male pigeon usually is heavier
than its mate, and has thicker neck.
They often are so alike in other details
it is difficult for the casual observer to
tell one from the other. And even pigeons
don't know!
The tip-off comes in the cooing busi-
ness, and the accompanying running
around and around. The pigeon doing
the turning business is the male. It is
his way, along with the cooling, OF saying
Hello, there, baby, how are you?"
More than that, it Is his way of finding
out whether the creature before him is
really male or female. If male, it will
fight back, vigorously, but if a female, it
will be a bit less violent, and substitute
light blows of the bill for the more violent
strokes. Pigeons have no way of seeing
that female is a female. They must
find out by the trial and error system of
accosting the creature and observing her
reactions.
Evening star., 1950-08-18

first-priority target of the enemy is the
deadly BAR man.
The old .30-caliber heavy machine gun
Of 1917 also is still standard equipment,
along with its baby sister. the light ma
chine gun developed in 1919.
But the old star which Is really max
ing its comeback in this war is the
bulky .45-caliber automatic pistol
(M191D. Although its aimed range is
short. the As is guaranteed to stop a
man.
Higher-powered streamlined bullets
often wound a man without his know
ing it. passing through him and leaving
a neat hole. But the blunt-nosed As slug
which lumbers along at less than the
speed of sound packs a punch guaran-
teed to KO.
The AS was developed after the Philip
pine Insurrection, when American troops
found that ordinary pistol bullets failed
to stop charging Moro tribesmen. Range
wasn't important but stopping power
was, and the As automatic filled the bill.
Now, in war where close-quarters
fighting and infiltration are again in
vogue. the AS can be restored to full
duty. And what the automatic can't
cope with, the World War II grease
gun"-a crude and simple machine gun
using the same .45-caliber ammunition
can.
Evening star., 1950-08-18

Pigeons are really large doves.
Maybe this fact will induce those who
dislike them to have more respect Tor
the common pigeons of the streets ana
parks.
Far-fung flyers, these, despite their
meaty bodies.
The meat is needed in the household
duties of the pigeon families.
A large, capable body helps 1ncubate
the eggs, and defies winds and low tenn
peratures of winter
The mother pigeon is on the eggs
three times as long every day as her
mate.
In most cases she assumes her hatch
ing duties at 4 o'clock in the afternoon,
and does not leave the nest until 10
o'clock the next morning.
This leaves mere six hours for the
male to help incubate the eggs.
That he does it without growing
much is in his favor.
Not all species of birds have such a
division of duties. They are on and of
the nest at far less intervals.
Pigeons need plenty Of water, and
like their baths regularly.
That is one reason every suburban
yard should have sunken bird bath.
II these big ones are to come to .
Evening star., 1950-08-18
This and That

yard, which they will do as soon as they
find food is available, they might as well
be catered to bit.
The bath will please all the birds, OF
course, and many wanderer on four
legs.
The need for water in the heat is
plain to all.
It is sometimes forgotten, though, amid
the press of more urgent duties.
Hot days without rain mean that shall
low baths dry up quickly, and go very
foul in the heat and sun.
Though birds, including pigeons, are
willing to take water human would re-
gard as bad, they are better pleased with
fresh.
The phrase "billing and cooling" is an
old one, but its meaning Is not always
known exactly.
Billing, as such, is rare in the every
day.
It means that the lady pigeon is willing
to receive the attentions of the male.
She puts her bill into his, and he
regurgitates food, which she devours with
gusto.
This is prelude to nesting, and there
fore is seen only at such times.
Cooing, however, Is another matter.
It is the way the male attracts the
female. The street pigeon that is forever
running around cooling violently. some.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
Butchers Cheuters?

I wish to protest some OF the unfair
meat practices which housewives are
having to put up with. On Saturday
bought leg of lamb. 1t was cellophane-
wrapped, so several thickneSSes Of cello
phane were folded over the bottom OF
the roast. 1t was labeled Leg of Lamb"
and priced 1888. I bought this meat,
along with several other meat packages.
and have been thoroughly disappointed
Herewith. The leg Of lamb was. instead,
q shoulder Of lamb-though it was i'm
possible for me to tell, until unwrapping
same. Even though, technically. 1t was
the front leg-it was still dishonest to
label 1t "leg of lamb" since it was not
the cut which have been buying for
years under such label. 1t corresponded
to q shoulder of pork, which I under
stand to be the front leg, and as far as
I know, butchers do not sell that cut
for ham.
The ground meat I purchased was
very expensive-and when I put it into
a hot skillet, it began to boil" and had
to boil for q considerable time before
all the water which had been added, and
weighed along with the meat had boiled
away. Adding water is, I know. quite
generally practiced-but isn't 1t against
the law?
Meat prices are so high that we can
not afford meat nearly so often as we
would like to have it-and. then' TO oe
Evening star., 1950-08-18
Recreation Bourd Criticized

In recent months the District Recrea-
ton Board has gone on record for the
gradual elimination of segregation in
all spheres of recreational activities,
ETC."
If these words mean what they say.
the inter-racial recreational program
which is being set up at the former
Central High School, at the taxpayers
expense, is but the first of a number
to come, until all Of our Fairgrounds
and school buildings finally are inte-
grated into the new order"
This is a highly controversial decision
which the Recreation Board has made
a decision which is especially contro-
versial at that point where it comes into
direct conflict with our separate white
and colored school facilities.
Because this announced change in
policy is so far-reaching in its implica-
tionS, it should come about only when
1t is known definitely to express the
majority viewpoint; otherwise the people
suffer from an undemocratic change by
edict."
Before the people of Washington are
subjected to any further changes by
the District Recreation Board, in the
status quo Of our tax-supported recrea-
tional system, would like to suggest
that the whole question of a racially
integrated recreational program be
brought before the public and settled
on the basis of city-wide referendum,
the question being: Should separate
playground and recreational facilities
be provided for white and colored per-
sons in the District Of Columbian"
In any case, If the rank and file of
the people are not behind this announced
change in policy. it surely will lead to
the loss of public support. generally, for
ity-flnanced recreational activities and
bring about resulting decrease in pub
lie money for both white and colored
facilities.
A Star Reader.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
The Cutting Should Go Deeper

1t is encouraging to tind the President asking
for reduction in the amount proposed for expendi-
ture on the Federal-aid highway program. Lead
ership in reducing non-defenSe spending properly
should come from the White House But the
President does not go far enough
The Federal-aid Highway Bill now before the
Senate has been increased &l70 million year above
the Budget estimates of $500 million and the
President is only asking that the bill be kept to
the amount recommended by the Budget Bureau.
But even the Budget recommendations were high.
They increased highway funds some $50 million
year over previous appropriations. The bill ought
to be cut back well below what We were spending
before We got into war in Korea.
Since we got into that war, the President has
asked for emergency defense expenditures which
already total about SIT billion above what Con-
gress had planned to appropriate this fiscal year.
good part of that SIT billion could be raised by
extraordinarily high taxes But q large amount
ought to come from cutting back on expendi-
lures that were recommended for peacetime. And
while the highway bill is an authorization. rather
than appropriation, and while the money
authorized will not be spent in this fiscal year,
the principle of cutbacks in Federal spending
should apply to everything that does not concern
war and defense.
The pending bill should be cut for other rea-
sons. One Of them is that it contains q dangerous
precedent in pork-barrel ALLEGATION Of Government
money that, once established will lead to even
greater spending. This precedent is in line with
move to Build q road to every farmers door,"
The bill provides money for secondary roads that
up to this time have not been included within the
Federal-aid system, opening up entirely new
avenue Of Government spending.
If the Senate fails to cut out this new brand
of pork, If it fails to show any determination to
begin, with this bill, a definite program of reduc
ing every nondefense expenditure, the psychology
cal effect alone is going to be serious. 1t will indi
cate lack of awarenesss on the part 1of Congress
of the grim realities we are facing now, not only
in Korea but in finding the dollars for everything
else we are attempting to do in defense of the
country. -...
Evening star., 1950-08-18
A Reasonable Concession

The amendment which Congress tackled onto
the security risk" bill is a reasonable one that
will make the legislation less Objectionable to en-
ploye groups The change, made by the Senate
and approved by the House. will give dismissed
employees the right Of review" of their cases by
the Civil Service Commission. The summary dis
missal powers Of the defense agencies would re-
main absolute, but employees fired as bad risks
might use the review method in seeking jobs in
nonsenstive departments. All would be dependent
on the finding of the Civil Service Commission,
however.
The legislation puts in permanent form pol
icy begun during World War II by executive
authority under emergency war powers granted
to the President. There was no appeal under this
order-and there should be none. 1t is imperative
that the Army Navy, Air Force, State and other
departments and agencies concerned with national
security should have authority to fire any employe
whose weaknesses of character other failingS
endanger governmental secrets. Such an employe
could be completely loyal but yet by getting drunk
or talking too much among strangers, could i'm
peril security readily as q spy Under the review
amendment the Civil Service Commission might
md that the employe would At into some other
agency without damage to the Government.
Whether other departments would be willing to
take on such an employe is q question that will
depend largely on the personnel needs Of the re-
spective departments Generally speaking Of course.
a dismissed employe has two strikes against him.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
Interfering With Grand Juries

Ordinarily a controversy between the Mayor
of New York and a Brooklyn grand jury would
not be of any particular interest in Washington
But since the President, apparently for political
purposes, has picked Mayor oDwyer as this coun-
try's new Ambassador to Mexico, the latter's at.
tempt to discredit the district attorney directing
the grand jury's investigation assumes something
more than local Importance.
The Brooklyn grand jury was attempting to
trace payments of protection money. by gamblers
to some New York police officers. This is one Of
the main sources of political corruption, and one
would expect q conscientious public official to as
siSt, rather than obstruct such an investigation.
Certain police organizations did not like the
vigorous manner in which the prosecutor was
pushing the investigation, however and Mayor
ODwyer gave these groups aid and comfort by
describing the inquiry as witch hunt"
This resulted in q suspension of the gam
bling investigation and an inquiry by the grand
jury into the validity of the criticisms It's re-
port has now been made public, and it fully vim
dicateS the work of the district attorney.
The accusations, said the grand jury, are
without any foundation in fact" The district
attorney has been "far, fearless and honest"
and the investigation merits the wholehearted
support of all public officials and law-enforce-
ment agencies"
1t was not getting that kind of support nor
any support, from Mayor O'Dwyer. And yet he is
picked to represent this country in the important
diplomatic post at Mexico City.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
Finish the Job-ond Then Decide

Labor Day is being talked about now pos
sible date by which Congress - particularly the
Senate-wnl have wound up Immediately pressing
business, thus permitting some sort Of adjourn
ment or recess in time for election campaigning
Two things will determine the acceptability OF
this program One of course is the success OF House
and Senate in getting such things as SIT billions
for added defense and emergency appropriations
out of the way, clearing up remaining disagree
mentS on the big omnibus appropriation BILL levy
ing about IS billions in new taxes-and giving the
President the economic controls and standby pow
ers for which he asked over three weeks ago. The
other is success in prosecuting the Korean war;
The first may be done, for when the adjourn
ent fever really gets in the air. the relative speed
with which even the Senate transacts business is
astonishing But the lighting in Korea is some
thing else again. The news from Korea fhough
Secretary Of Defense johnson has told the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee something OF the
record that is very encouraging is not good as
far as the general public knows now. II it gets
much worse, it is going to be very difncult for
Congress to shut up shop its members may 60
home for the fence-repairing that obviously needs
attention.
For while the problem in this respect faced
by members of Congress running for reelection
may be a very realistic one to them, the people
generally are pretty well convinced that it is the
Job Of Congress to stay in Washington in times
like these Desertion Of such post even for cleo
ton campaigning, does not sit well. Perhaps the
best way to avoid the possibility Of retaliation,
should Congress quit is to clear up the important
legislative business that must be done. The speed
in this direction, shown up to now, has not been
impressive.
Evening star., 1950-08-18
1sE
Soviet Aid to North Korea

A few days ago. wearing his customary poker
face under the soft light of q synthetic halo,
Jakob A. Malik blandly informed the Security
Council that the Kremln has not been extending
military aid to the North Korean Red aggressorS.
The only Russian arms they have received,
he said, are those that were "sold" to them when
Soviet occupation forces withdrew from the
country in December of 194S.
But the truth of the situation-a truth that
apparently can be backed up. with physical evi-:
dence-is that Russian made military equipments
whether coming directly from the Soviet Union
itself or indirectly from Red China, has been
flowing in a steady stream to the North Koreans.
Thus although they have been on the attack
for almost two months, have suffered heavy
losses in materiel and have succeeded-up to
now-n taking over most of the south, we have
recently captured from them new ieeps and
motorcycles with speedometer readings of only
100 or 200 miles. Quite obviously, these things
have been acquired recently weeks after the
start of the Communist aggression across the
38th Parallel.
Similarly, just within the past few days, we
have captured Soviet-made North Korean am
munition-including big mortar shells-bearing
stenciled dates showing them to have been
manufactured as recently as June of this year.
This is a fact that certainly pulls the ground
Kremlin has not equipped its puppets with any
materiel beyond what they bought" at the time
of the Russian withdrawal in 1948 No amount
of propaganda speeches can destroy the physical
evidence. Actually that evidence seems to be
plentiful enough to justify move by the Security
Council to call upon the Stain government to
explain.
After all, in its decisions of June Is and n,
the Council, in addition to ordering the Com
munist aggreSSorS to cease fire and withdraw to
the 38th Parallel, requested every member Of the
United Nations to refrain from helping those
aggreSsors and to cooperate in enforcing the
order against them. Accordingly, If now there
Is clear evidence that the Soviet Union-one of
the big Five" in the U. Mas been sending
military aid to the North Koreans, the Council
would seem to have ample reason, during its
current sessions, to deal with the issue in firm
manner by formally demanding that the Krem-
lin give full accounting of its actions.
OF course, since he has harped interminably
on the fiction that the Councils June decisions
have been taken and acted upon in violation of
the Charter, Soviet Delegate Malik would almost
certainly flibuSter against any such move during
the remainder of his August term as Council
president. Nevertheless if the evidence is full
as 1t seems to be, the United Nations should make
q point of forcing him to try to talk 1t away. If
that were DONE the Kremlin might be obliged to
yield ground in the field of propaganda.