davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12
N3l4c ~ CREDITORS

gst.ie cs CoiA O'Mailev Dceeas~
s.f.ee A-sNr rs tlyea tg the tSdcr-
q Adm.i stor and Administrative
81 ne estair 8. Cora o Mallcy, deceased
To the creditors 81 and all persons having
against the said dccea ed to ex-
tNcm. Wil8 tie necessary vouchers
y .l u ten ma ms after the first publi-
Of this not.ce to the Sad e9mil-
-ator and adninistrntriX a. 602 Metals
sark Bldg. Butte, Montana the same
trinl the pla Tor the tran action Of the
81 IKE III said estate n the County
ai SILVER Bow, State OF Montana
WILLIAM J. CLARK EVA CUR
RE. Administration and admins
irl;rx OF the Estate ~ Cora
OMailey. Deceased
Dated Butte Montana. TINS 3id day Of
january, 1850,
n , Dlt Attorney 'ur Az ard
,dmX.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12
LEGAL NOTICES
NOTICE TO CREDITORS


No 1868
Eiale Of :.lnnir st-itrid e Deeea-ed
Notice is hereD, given by tne under
.,sned. Executor Of thc estate of Mimi
stuf,f.d.e ae-es4ed 70 The creditors Q.
ana al persons having claims again;
re .a.d deceased. to exhibit them, Will
iAr necsi airy yo4chers. within ten month
aiiei the FIRST puoncat.on OF this notice
10 the sad Executor at sl4 Silver Bow
Block. We. Granite Street. Butte. Mon
tana the same being the place for the
Transaction Of the business oil said es-
tate. IN the County OF Silver Bow. State
u Montana.
CLARENCE j COMMONS. Exec
utor Of the Estate OF Minnie
Sturtridge. Deceased.
Dated Butte, Montana. this 10Th day
Of December. l9ie.
+ J. Foley. atty. for Executor. 81 Sill
yer Bow Block. Butte. Montana.
publish Dec %, ls+9 Jan 5. ~. 10. 1850
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12
NollcE TO CREDITORS

NDlfcE TO CREDITORS
Estate Of Allen A Trafford. Deceased
Nl@ct 81 hereby given by the under
sized. Administrator OF the estate OF
Alie a. Ifa.ford, deceased to the cred
l,urs Of and all persons lawns claims
aga.ns. tho said deceased. to exhibit
titm 0!ti! The ncce sary vouchers. within
four months after the first publication
al tf.s notice to the sad administrator
laS ~ Granite, Butte, Montana the
same being the place for the transaction
% tle business OF said estate. In the
Comfy Of silver Bow. State Of Montana.
ALLEN c TRAFFORD Adminls-
traitor Of the Estate OF Allen A.
Trat.ord. Decea. ed.
Dated Butte. Montana. his 10Th day OF
seccarbcr. l9i9.
George W Richardson. Attorney for
publish Dec % 1912 Jan 5. IL. 10. 1850
NOTICE pr STOCKHOLDERS ANNUAL
fr-aar a.ie.. rfsflne oi the
stnc.hoicfr OF ihc Butte Car. re Works.
3 Montana Corporation. a4i ~ ned at
500 West Galena Street But' Silver Bow
Count Montana. on MONDAY the Goth
DAY o. JsnuAry. A D. 1850. a. , clock
PM
Iae object Of the meet.uz IS Tie election
%. t-c Board OF Directors Tor ne en-
~ ae year. aad for the ira. acton Of
.lf4 other business aa fla5 qtoperlv
ne before TIE meeting
Dated JaliarS >. 1850
GRACE "HURzElER
Secretary q. Butte C.rriaap works
T N Va aaE' = 10 - $3.50
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

No 1864
4AIM OF GEORGE I
DECEASED

Notice IL hereby given by thr under
d nHnW!istratrix Of tse tate OF
orge L Ru Sell. dccea ed to creditors
eNd al persons having claims against
sad deceased. to exhibit them with
tina ,nccSsary vouchers. WITHIN four
s ili after the III t publication Of this
ictl,. 10 TIE said administrator at the
.aN Offices Of j + Etn!rh and John r..
'ilaftat. AZ n Nam St. nlttp. Montana
tNe sane be.ag the place for the trans
loa Of the Dds.nes % said estate. in
the C0uiliy o. Silver Bow, State Of Mon
tana
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12
GREEN CROSS word PUZZLE

20 Membfanous bags
u Mans name
u Piece tabbr.)
70 Right tabDr.)
% Bow tcomb. iorm)
% Brain passage
30 Pigeon pea tplD
81 Formerly
% To cut
80 Paid ne~ paper notice
- OF the thing
81 Senior (abbr.)
80 symbol for calcium
Al Dimes
81 Virginia tsbbr.)
Is You this when you fail
10 heed safety warnings
10 Proposition
81 Encourages
i3 One type Of vehicle
invoked in traffic
accidents
81 Manipulate
y Onagers
= Low sand hill
50 These are against you
when you take a chance
with your safety
81 Whirl~ind
SO Manner
SO Musical instrument
OIL Compass point
d Male sheep
% Comparative sufhx
g. Negative reply
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

ILAItA RLoSELL-
ADMINISTRATIVE Of tlr
Estate Of George r..
Russell, Deceased
Dated Butte Montana. this 9th day of
1919,
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

Unions go to the air Go TO run
Nathan We re rs nlan tH#
Tuesdays 10 As EST alongside
MANS time, and MI. will run
Frank Edwards over l47 Mutual
stations iiNc nights a week 10 to
lOsl5 Est. LIE financially hit.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

MCCARTHY ASSAY OFFICE. 81 West
Granite St. Butte Phone 2-lIJ8. p O
BoX 20l.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

CLARK r. vEATCH- Insurance Sales and
Services. Clark r. Veach. Ill w. Quartz.
suite.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12
Dated December %. 1919.
ATTEST A True Copy.
ND NV EARG G

BIZ DAN BUKvICH. Deputy Clerk
Grlsscrsrf and McGan. 203-i Lewis
onn Building Butte. Montana Attor-
ucys Tor Petitioners
Publish PIC % 1919 Jan S. IL. 1850
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

p. O. News STAND-BOOKSELLERS
Statiorers. New sdealers. Greeting Cards
.3 W. Park ST.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

THE TURF-FOR | WINES. LIQUOR
a:ld beer. Booths for ladies. Williams
& Sampson. Props Main at Mercury.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

DIR. PETER O. HOLM. CHIROPRACTOR
lo6 Penn xiyania Bldg, Phone 1868.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12
LEGAL NOTICES

IN THE DISTRICT COURT or THE
SECOND Judicial DISTRICT OF THE
STATE or MONTANA IN AND FOX
THE COUNTY on SILVER BOW
No. 4i06I
p.lmaru Defendant.
Montana labor news., 1950-01-12

in THE DISTRICT COURT or THE
SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF THE
SrATE or MONTANA IN AND FOR
THE COUNTY or SILVER BOW
Evening star., 1950-10-22
Europe's Tiny Countries Have Troubles But No Wars
Here's How They Fare
While Rest of World
Worries Over A-Bomb

Newspapers today are filled
with the trials and tribulations
of the great nations of the
world.
But what of the little fellows,
the real little ones, that is?
How are they faring in these
days of hot and cold wars?
There are four tiny countries in
Europe-Andorra, San Marino,
Leichtenstein and Monaco. The
Associated Press asked its Eu-
ropean correspondents to find
cut what is going on in them.
The four have total land
area of only 348 square miles.
less than New York City's 365
square miles and far less than
the 452 square miles of Los
Angeles.
Their total population is 54,-
600, barely more than the num-
ber of persons who live in New
York City's largest housing de-
velopment.
Following are front-line re-
ports:
Evening star., 1950-10-22
Merchant Marine Trims Ship Under Shirt Sleeves Admiral

Engineering were consolidated in
1910 into the Bureau of Ships.
In 1885 Admiral Cochrane was
ordered to Washington for con-
struction work. The long lull in
shipbuilding was coming to an
end. The carriers Yorktown and
Enterprise were then building and
the keel of the Wasp was laid
down the next year. The Navy
was working on the plans for the
North Carolina and the Washing
ton. the first battleships since the
three Maryland-clsss vessels of
1916. The greatest naval con-
struction of the worlds history
was developing and Admiral Coch-
rane was destined to be in the
middle of it.
Sees Another Crisis
In the design division he had a
hand in most of the vessels used
during World War II. Practical
ly all of the major vessels of
that war, destroyers and larger,
were begun in peacetime. An ex-
ception was that a few of the
destroyers started in February,
1912, took part in the Okinawa
operations.
In November, 1912, Admiral
Cochrane was appointed chief of
the Bureau of Ships. Construc-
ton and repair work already had
become a crushing load and there
was no letup. Good design and
good workmanship in a ship meant
reliability and ease of mainte-
nance. These factors were ap-
preciated by Admiral Cochrane
who, early in his career, had
adopted the habit of leaving off
his coat with its gold stripes and
going into the shops in his shirt
sleeves to see how the jobs were
going.
Now, in the fall of 1850, Ad-
miral Cochrane again is involved
in seeing how the job of building
and operating ships is going. And
he is deeply concerned over the
possibility of a letdown in the
feeling of urgency after the Ko-
rean war is concluded. He said
he is convinced there will be an
other crisis.
And the next may be less
convenient as to location and
more embarrassing as to time"
he added gravely.
One of his first steps on taking
his new job was to call for work.
ing plans for a 20-knot cargo
ship. useful in peace and in
valuable In war.
The Nation has \ lot OF cargo
Evening star., 1950-10-22
Our foreign policy, like that of
Switzerland. is based on abso-
lutte neutrality"

ANDORRA (P.-Five thou
sand feet high in the Pyrenees
Mountains live 5000 people, un-
touched and untroubled by the
worlds strife.
The inhabitants Of this tiny
principality have no Commu-
mist problem and pay no taxes.
Although the nations Of their
co-princes, the President Of
France and the Spanish bishop
of nearby SEQ de Urgel, have
fought wars, the Andorrans go
on with their main trade and
largest source Of revenue:
Smuggling goods back and forth
between France and Spain.
Smuggling is bound to flourish
in Andorra which nestles among
mountain peaks more than
10000 feet high.
This tiny country of 191
square miles was left over by
Cardinal Richelieu's treaty Of
the Pyrenees in the early 17th
century because neither coun-
try could agree on its future.
The inhabitants insist they
have the only true democracy
in the world. Local politics are
handled by a 24-man council
which is elected every four years
by male heads of family. Any
inhabitant has redress for griev-
ances to the council and may
convoke 1t into session at any
time by paying about S25 to
cover the expenses of the meet
ing.
Chief executive officer is the
"Syndic," who is elected by the
council from among it's mem
bers.
Main legitimate source of in
come is Radio Andorra,
French-owned concern which,
by agreement between the
rIeIlCn ana spanish, mas only
music programs and advertising.
Through a Spanish-owned COM
pany, Andorra supplies electric
ity to Barcelona.
World War II had little or no
affect on Andorra's cattle-rais-
ing peasant economy.
The gay Catalan inhabitants
read Of the worlds turmoil in
the few French and Spanish
newspapers reaching them.
Their 800-year-old country
has always been at peace.
Life goes on pretty much as 1t
always has.
Distributed by the Associated Press1
Evening star., 1950-10-22
By Francis P. Douglas

A shirt sleeves admiral" has
taken the top job in the Federal
Maritime Administration with the
result that the Nations merchant
marine affairs, at one time SEEM
ingly operating with a compass
that had gone haywire. appear
now to be getting back on course.
Vice Admiral Edward L. Coch-
rane, U. S. N, retired, has been
chairman of the Maritime Board
and maritime administrator. for a
little more than a month.
1t did not take the administra-
tons staff long to learn that a
new hand was at the helm. Nor
did it take the admiral long to
learn who his staff members were.
His method was to walk into an
office, introduce himself and ex-
plain that he wanted to know
with whom he was working.
Expert on Design
Nowadays, in the vernacular of
the Navy, the agency is described
as a tight ship but a happy one.
Admiral Cochrane is widely
known throughout the Navy-and
among warship builders of other
countries-for his long service with
the Bureau of Ships. From 1885
through World War II he was
concerned with the design of prac-
tically every ship the Navy built
during its period of greatest con-
struction.
The admiral retired November
l, 1947-but not to play golf or
raise dahlias. He went to the
Massachusetts, Institute of Tech
nology as head of the department
of naval architecture and marine
engineering.
The agency he now heads was
formerly the Maritime Commits
sion. After the war it was plagued
by troubles that aroused exas-
peration in Congress and produced
caustic reports by the General Ac-
counting Office. Perhaps it was
inevitable the agency then had
five shippers since there were five
members on the commission.
The first step to meet the situ-
alton was taken when President
Truman prevailed on Maj. Gen.
Philip B. Fleming to move from
the Federal Works Agency to the
craftsmanship of the commission.
Then, this year, came the presi-
dental reorganization plan which
divided the functions of the board
and established straight line of
command.
The commission became the
Maritime Board, with duties to
administer the regulatory acts and
Evening star., 1950-10-22

ships but most of those still in
reserve are the plodding, 10-knot
Liberty ships. There are more
than $500 of them in the reserve
feet.
While they served very use
full purpose in World War II they
are not suitable for carrying vital
cargoes in forward areas" Ad-
miral Cochrane said.
Then there are the 15-knot
Victory ships. Of these, 1856 have
been withdrawn from lay-up and
passed in active service. Twenty
five more are being made ready
for service and only about IS are
left.
OF the projected new 20-knot
ship to carry $4,000 tons of cargo
Admiral Cochrane said:
Il am convinced that the con-
struction of some such vessel is
sound, not only from the military
point of view of mobility and i'm
proved security but that it is fully
justified on the simple basis of
conservation of national material
resources"
He pointed out that faster ships
can reduce the volume of critical
materials that must be at sea to
assure the supplies at the beach
head when needed. This is in
addition to reducing the chances
of ships and cargoes being sunk
and to greater flexibility in attack.
Last summer Admiral Cochrane
was engaged with a group of sci
entiSts in a study, as he put it, "of
the possible effects of scientific
developments since 1945 on the
wartime security of sea trans
port" The year 1945 saw the ex-
plosion of the first atomic bomb.
The studies were convincing
that ships have to have more
speed.
Admiral Cochrane might be said
to have been born into the Navy
when he was born So years ago at
Mare Island, California naval
station. His father was Brig. Gen.
Henry Clay Cochrane of the Ma
rine Corps; his maternal grand
father was naval officer.
Admiral and Mrs. Cochrane
have two Navy sons, 1t. Comdr.
Richard L. Cochrane, executive
officer of a destroyer, and 1t. Ed
ward L. Cochrane. jr., now serving
on a cruiser in the Formosa
straits.
The admiral's work has brought
him membership in scientific So
cieties and numerous honors, in
cluding the Distinguished Service
Medal.
Evening star., 1950-10-22

when need developed for two types
Of vessels the Navy had not been
building.
One was large landing craft
the LIST Qanding ship. tanks and
the Lei Qanding craft, infantry
The LIST became we'll known as
the workhorse of amphibious op-
erations.
The other type was the destroy
er escort. In September, 1910, Ad-
miral (then Capt.) Cochrane
went tc England and studied bat
tie damage to British ships and
surveyed the anti-submarine war
fare. He came back with an under
standing of the necessity for small
anti-submarine vessels. The DE
was the result.
Almost all of Admiral Cochrane's S
career has been devoted to ship
construction. After graduating
from the Naval Academy in 1914,
second in his class, he joined the
U. S. S. Rhode Island and served
aboard her during the occupation
of Veracruz.
Soon, however. he was assigned
to the Philadelphia Navy Yard
and construction. He is, incident
ally, rated as one of the compare
lively few real authorities on sub
marine design. He served in the
submarine design division of the
old Bureau of Construction and
Repair in the 1920's, and later at
the Portsmouth IN. H.) Navy Yard
in connection with submarine con-
struction.
The Bureau Of Construction
and Repair and the Bureau of
Evening star., 1950-10-22

macaronl factories. Bread for
the entire population is pro-
duced by single state-owned
bakery. Another of San Marino's
products is divorces, which are
unobtainable in Italy. H..
A council of 60 governs the
republic. with the executive au-
thority being exercised by two
captains regent" chosen from
among the councillors and
changed every six months.
VADUZ, Liechtenstein (P.-
Liechtenstein Is a tiny, CO.
square-mile state sandwiched
between Switzerland and Aus
tria in the upper Rhine Valley.
The present ruler, Prince
Franz-Josef II, married beauti-
full Vienna-born Countess
Georgine Wilzcek in l943. The
couple has three children, all
boys, the eldest of whom is s.
year-old Prince Johann Adam
Plus, heir to the principality.
Franz-Joseph II became rul-
ing Prince of Liechtenstein in
1888. His role in the govern
ment is limited by a democratic
constitution dating from 1921.
The 15-member Parliament is
elected every four years and
nominates five of its members
as the country's government.
Deputy Premier Ferdinand
Nigg says proudly: There is not
a single Communist in Liech-
tenstein." In fact. only two
political parties exist in the
country. and both are conserva-
tive. Political differences are
limited to strictly domestic
matters.
Liechtenstein has been in
customs and monetary union
with Switzerland since 1924 and
is now virtually incorporated in
the Swiss economy. Outstand-
ing among the local industries is
the production of artificial
teeth. of which millions of pairs
are exported annually. Most of
the country's power is produced
domestically in hydroelectric
stations in the Alps along the
Austrian frontier. Taxation is
low and many foreign corpora
tions maintain European head
offices in the principality. Reg
istration fees" paid by these
corporations and the sale of fire.
quently issued new series of
postage stamps form the coun-
try's principal revenue.
Liechtenstein has no army.
It's last soldier died in 1899 at
the age of 95 and Nigg explains:
Evening star., 1950-10-22

client who comes back 10 years
later will find his favorite dishes
served him without even having
to ask, due to special system
of card indexing kept by the
hotel.
Monaco, ruled by young
Prince Rainier, isn't really very
independent from France, and
her position in international af-
fairs Is the same. Actually, only
$500 of the $4,000 inhabitants
are Monaco citizens. OF these
1000 are men, and all would
do their duty for the West.
SAN MARINo up. The
1,650-year-old mountain repub-
lie of San Marino is feuding
with Italy. by which it is COM
pletely surrounded.
This tiny state. situated on a
mountain slope 10 miles from
the Adriatic Sea, has a Com
munist government which does
not get along too we'll with
1taly's Christian Democrat au-
thorities. It's officials complain
that Italy not only is five years
in arrears in payment of the
amounts due under customs
agreement. but also is sabotag-
ing its tourist traffic.
The San Marinesi are also
somewhat displeased with the
British who bombed them dur
ing the last war on suspicion
that German troops were lurk-
ing in their citadel-like noun
tain. 4
The republic boasts it has no
public debt but its leaders admit
times have been hard these last
years. To bolster the public
treasury. the government re-
Gently opened a fancy gambling
casino.
San Marino's citizens are
proud of their socialized health
program which entities all to
free medical service. including
disqualification and. if necessary,
accommodation in the republics
insane asylum. Funds come
from the nationalized movie
theaters, which also provide
enough extra revenue to support
an old-age pension plan.
Most of the 10000 inhabitants
are agricultural workers and
the states principal export
aside from stamps, which are
popular with collectors-is its
famed Moscato wine. About
1900 are employed in industry.
which includes tanneries. pot
teries and soap, cement and
Evening star., 1950-10-22


bination of fighting faith and the
high degree of national unity
against the Communist danger.
But today this unity is largely
gone and the country is in state
of unrest.
The chief responsibility for this
change lies with the head Of the
present government, Urho Kek-
konen-a clever lawyer from the
Agrarian Party, who thinks he
can afford to secure Russian good
will by concessions in internal
Finnish affairs and still determine
the limit of such concessions.
Other people have thought that
before, to their cost.
Finnish military dependence on
Russia is, of course, complete.
Under the peace treaty, the Rus
slams are Qike the British) en-
titled to know everything that
is done in the Finnish Army and
to control its size and ornaments,
They have a base within gun
range of the capital; trains from
Helsinki to Turku, the only Fin
nish harbor that stays ice-free
all through the year, have to
pass through that base and can
do so only by Russian leave. with
steel shutters blocking out the
train windows. and toll of $50
paid each time.
No Iron Curtain
Reparations to Russia, not
crushing but considerable, en-
ploy the best part of the metal
industry and the Soviet Repara-
ton Mission has inspection rights
in the factories concerned. All
this means that Finland could
never dream of joining any mill
tary group directed against Rus
sia, and the Russians are in a
position to occupy the country at
any moment at will.
But whether and when the Rus
slams do so is more likely to
depend upon the international
situation than on anything the
Firms do at home. That is why
the Firms have been able so far
to refuse them any power over
their internal affairs. There is
no Communist influence whatever
in the Finnish police. It's mobile
police units, specially created to
give the Communists concealed
power under the first postwar
government, were first disarmeo
and then purged by the Socialist
government in 1948, and the
political police has been abolished
Finland's foreign news comes
overwhelmingly from Western
sources. There is no censorship
of any kind; the only news agency
is government-controlled but il
does not suppress news. Its maxi.
mum intervention is to advise edl.
tors to consider carefully whether
publication of items which might
offend Russia is advisable in the
Finnish interest. Most editors
voluntarily tone down such items;
the Socialist Democrats generally
publish them and nothing hap
pens to them. Western news
papers are on sale; in the shops
there is a wealth of American
picture magazines, American flags
gayly f1utter from hotel en-
frances, sometimes side by side
with Soviet flags. There is no
iron curtain of any kind against
either the East or West.
Yet there is not a solid unshak-
able front for the defense of this