davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
GRUENING
APPEARS,
HEARING
Denies utilization Of Com.
munism : Atwood A.
ta(ks Salmon Industry

WASHINGTON. Sept. 49, R =
Gov. Ernest Gruening of Alaska
called on Senator Schoeppel today
las matter of honor" either tc
prove or retract his charges of Com
munist activity in the Interior De-
partment and the Alaskan State
hood campaign.
Gruening made the demand in a
face to-face meeting with Schoep-
pei at a Senate Interior Committee
hearing. The group is looking into
the Kansas Republicans charges
against Secretary of Interior Chap
man, Reclamation Commissioner
Michael Straus and others.
Schoeppel sat putting on a cigar
as Gruening branded the accusa-
lions as grave and sinister"
The Senator, who already has
said his charges might have been "a
little strong" spoke up at one point
TO tell Gruening he had not intend
ed to accuse Alaskan officials of
disloyalty. He said anyone who in
terpreted his words that way lis
wrong"
Gruening told the committee he is
"fervently anti-Communist." He adj
ded:
Il have never belonged to any
organization which formerly or sub
sequently was labelled Communist
front"
Criticizes Congress
Gruening also criticized the Re-
publican controlled 80th Congress
which, he said, has left Alaska inn
properly defended like an Achilles
Heel"
He recalled Schoeppel's statement
in Senate speech last week that
The Senator feared to find some day
that "a Quisling" had taken over in
Alaska to serve the Russian cause.
Gruening said he could not de-
.ermine from Schoeppeps words who
the Senator had in mind as pos
sible Quisling. But he said that
anyone who knows of such a dam
ger should be compelled as a mat
Ter of honor and decency to docu-
nent" and prove it.
Hiring Of Feltus
Gruening testified that Secretary
Chapman had nothing to do with
hiring Randolph Feltus to do public
:ty work for the Alaska Statehood
Commission.
Schoeppel had charged that Feltus
was "Kremlin agent" and had said
he was informed that Chapman ane
Gruening arranged to employ hin
sor the statehood campaign. Schoep-
Del commended Feltus was "Krem.
in agent" because he had once
worked for the Polish Ambassador
Gruening said he was unaware
hat Feltus had been employed by
The Ambassador but knew he nae
worked for the Indonesian and
Netherlands governments.
When Gruening concluded, Shoep-
pei commented that he, Schoeppel'
had not cast any reflections on the
action of any official of the Terri
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
STEAMER MOVEMENTS

Princess Louise scheduled to sail
from Vancouver tonight.
Freighter Ring Splice scheduled to
sail from Seattle Sept. Is.
Alaska scheduled to sail from
Seattle Saturday.
Baranof in port and scheduled
to sail south at 4:30 pm. today.
Aleutian from west scheduled
southbound Monday.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
MITIGATION
PROPOSED AT
BIG ; meet
Alheson Suggests Unified
European Defenses-Aid
Plan Studied in Capital
(By Associated Press)

The big three ministers went into
their second day of meetings in
New York today. They have heard
Secretary Acheson's presentation of
U. S. proposals for European de-
fenses-a unified military force,
centralized command staff and
eventual supreme commander.
The U. S. also calls for a top
effort by Atlantic treaty nations to
get their arms production in high
gear. Special committees were as
signed to study financial and econ
omic aspects of the reaarmamenc.
An American plan to channel all
foreign aid, both military and
economic, through single govern
ment agency is reported in the
process of drafting for President
Truman's study.
An emergency defense bill Of
$1,000, 100000, four billions of it
for foreign arms aid, was headed
Tor Senate appropriations commit
tee approval.
At Lake Success N. Y, the Uni
ted Nations Security Council set
next Monday for the last meeting
before the opening of the U. N.
General Assembly in New York
Sept. 10. Yesterday Russia, in its
18th veto, turned back a U. S.
resolution to send a commission to
Red China to investigate Commu-
mist charges that American planes
strafed Manchurian territory.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
DISTRICT COURT WILL
RE(0NvENE FRIDAY

A motion calendar is being made
up in the office of the Clerk of Court
for Friday afternoon, when the U.
S. District Court will reconvene at
p pm.
The term will be short. as the
Court party will go to Ketchikan
September "a for the session called
for September 26.
Court here was adjourned August
as.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
HELGESEN TO STANFORD

Robert Helgesen plans to leave
Juneau Friday for California tC
continue his studies in the Schoo
of Medicine, Stanford University
He has spent his summer vacation
in Juneau with his mother, Mrs
Gertrude Boggan and sister Karen
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
N E W GAIN 5
NOW MADE IN
KOREAN WAR
Plans Made 10 Break Crust
Of Enemy-Irap Snap
ped on Red Forces
(By Associated Press)

American forces In South Korea
will take the offensive in a very
short period of time" It. Gen. WAL
ton H. Walker, United Nations
ground forces commander, told the
U. S. Eighth Army today.
Soon we are going to give up
the attitude of defense which the
delaying action forced on u.s." Gen.
Walker told front line troops. "As
soon as we start forward and break
the crust in front of us, the enemy
will fold. We can feel weakening
of the enemy now and in some posi-
lions they are actually pulling out"
Walker made his announcement
as new gains were chalked up by the
Allies around the 125-mile battle
perimeter.
Snap Trap On Reds
A secret task force headed by a
former West Point football hero
snapped trap on 5000 Communist
troops on the northeast front. cas-
ing major Red threat to Pohang
airstrip, 10 miles TO the northeast
ON the east coast.
The trap was closed by task force
Davidson, led by Brig. Gen. Gar
Davidson. former West Point grid
iron star and coach. The force shot
across rugged mountain terrain and
sealed the south gate of a corridor
northwest of Kyongju. South Kor-
can troops already had closed the
north gate.
Reds Break, Run
AS oath Division troops under the
46- year-old officer stormed the last
of series of ridges. the Reds broke
and ran.
To the west of this operation the
South Korean Eighth Division con-
tinued its drive east of Yongchon.
a march which took them IL miles
in three days, and as much as nine
miles north of the vital Yongchon-
Kyongju road.
While the UN line is not yet solid
on the northeast, the pushes marked
the biggest offensive gains since
u. s. Marines wiped out the Max
tong River bulge on the western
front in late August. At the height
of the Red drive, the Communists
twice had penetrated Yongchon in a
grave threat to Taegu. main Allied
advance base Is miles to the west,
ard to- the route to Pusan, the AL
lied supply base on the southeast tip
of Korea.
Mystery Of War
Failure Of the Reds to exploit
their breakthrough early this month
in the northeast stands as major
mystery of the war.
On the southwest front U. s. 25th
Infantry Division artillery repulsed
two Red attempts to storm high po-
sitions south of the Nam and Max
tong Rivers. About 200 Reds we're
wiped out and the others fell back.
North and northwest of Taegu the
has been described as
fluid" with both sides making
stabs The West front along the
Naktong was relatively quiet.
Convoy Ripped
B-26 light bombers used flares
to light up Red convoy behind the
lines and then ripped it with bombs.
Fighter pilots reported knocking out
70 Red tanks in front line strikes.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
The W ashington
Merry Go Round
QCopyrieht, 1850. by Bell Syndicate, Inc.
BY DREW PEARSON


WASHINGTON = Here are the
details of the secret deal which
Dewey forces made with 1t. Gov
Joe Hanley to get him to withdraw
from the New York race for gov
ernor.
In case Hanley loses in his race
for the Senate against Herbert
Lehman. a new job will be created
for him on the Throughway Com
mission-the superhighway now un-
der construction across New York
state This job will pay Hanley
$4,000 annually.
In addition, Hanley has beer
promised $4,000 income from an
oil company, making a total OF
$4,000, or about the income he
would have received had he beer
elected governor.
Finally, friends in the Dewey
camp have promised to repay tne
$4,000 which Kingsland Macy
Frank Gannett and Norman Goulc
had put up to pay off Hanley's
debts. The lieutenant governor hao
been in difficult financial circum-
stances and the Macy Gannett'
Gould hackers had raised about
$4,000 to bail him out.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
FROM HAINES

Mr.. and Mrs. E. C. Robertson
from Haines are registered at the
Hotel Juneau. Robertson is with
the U. S. Geological Survey.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
FROM FORT RICHARDSON

John A. Bradley of Fort Richard
son is registered at the Baranof
Hotel.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
FROM POLARIS-TAKU

p. w. Jaron of the Polaris- Taku
Mining Co. at Tulsequah, B. c., is
staying at the Baranof Hotel.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
Rival TV Stars

In the delegates lounge at Lake
Success, a newsman said to Sec
urity Council president Sir Glad
by Jebb, How does it feel to be
a TV idol?"
cts really quite frightening" re-
piled Jebb, with his oxford accent.
people come up to me on the
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
F O r E C A s T
duncan and Vicinity

Continued fair tonight and
Thursday. Lowest tempera-
ture tonight near AZ degrees;
highest Thursday near 81.
. . .
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
STOCK QUOTATIONS

NEW YORK, Sept. 10 = Closing
quotation of Alaska Juneau mine
stock today is "a. American Can
97ss, Anaconda 36A, Curtiss- Wright
9la, International Harvester 31ss
Kennecott 64A, New York Central
1872, Northern Pacific 23M, U. S
Steel 38h, Pound $280A.
Sales today were 100000 shares
Averages today are as follows: in
dustrials 223.42. rails 66.76. utilities
1904.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13
BUYING SPLURGE

NEW YORK. Sept. l3- R "A
morning buying splurge carried the
stock market to new four-year
high peak today.
The rail group alone swept to a
19-year peak.
Leading issues moved up as much
as So share before the edge OF the
advance was blunted. Dozens OF
stocks sold at their best prices Tor
a year or more.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13

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The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13

CONTINUED on Page Four)
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13

Continued on Page Two)
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1950-09-13

CONTINUED on Page Three
Evening star., 1950-05-28

gether on the same street corner the fre-alarm
box with separate buttons for calling the fire
engines or an ambulance), police alarm and a
public telephone booth. When trouble comes,
there's no question about which direction to run.
Transportation, too. is simple and convenient.
Paying your fare, for instance. is almost painless
Some buses have automatic change makers: drop
big coin in the machine and out comes your
choice of tokens or small change It's easy ON
the driver, too. For less than a penny above
the regular fare, you can buy transfer that per-
mits you to make as many stops as you wish
or change to any line - within the space of an
hour. This is break for the housewife. She can
60 downtown for a quick shopping errand and
back on the same fare. Regular commuters avoid
ange-making altogether with commuter card.
They ride as often as they want to and anywhere
they choose within an area mapped out on the card.
No Guessing About Seats
HERE are special cars for smokers, too Street
cars run in pairs, two coupled together, and the
rear car permits smoking. Some railroads have
separate compartments for mothers with infants,
fully equipped with cribs, hot and cold water and
other convenences for taking care of the baby.
Going to the theater? Seats must be reserved
in advance, even in motion-pictre houses and
prices, of course, scaled according to seat loca
ton. But you can always know beforehand
exactly where you're going to sit. Every theater
displays a big diagram, usually placed right
on the bOx-o office window, clearly showing the
location of every seat in the house.
Furthermore, there's an electric board to indi-
cate what price seats are available for each per-
Torrance. When red light goes on, it means all
seats at that price have been sold out. When the
whole board is lit up in red the shows hit!
At legitimate theaters, checking your hat and
coat is compulsory, and since the cloakroom SER
vice is included in the price of your seat ticket,
there's no tipping. Best of all, women required
to remove their hats, too. Whether the lady's
sporting plumed chapeau or beanie, she doesn't
get past the usher until she's checked it.
0ux Door knobs Are Archaic
IPPING in Danish restaurants is simple and
painless; the Danes are both fair and rigid about it.
The waiter gets fiat 1212 per cent, no more
(unless you insist, no less And if you're not much
of mathematician, you can have the waiter figure
it out himself Still no more than 121s per cent,
and no dirty looks.
Home life, too, is full of innovations. Even such
devices as our traditional door knobs and light
switches seem archaic in the Danish home Instead
of the familiar round door knobs Danish doors
have levers; instead of light switches, there are
simple push-button devices, set at elbow height,
Continued on page Is
|
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-02-23

Mrs. William Beachley died at her
home, near Reid, on February II,
aged rs years.
The daughter of the late Daniel
and Martha Ann (Miller) Sprecher,
she was born on October 10, 1873,
near Huyetts Corners.
She was a member of the First
Brethren Church where she was
active until her illness forced her
to cease active service. She was
superintendent of the Junior De-
partment for q years, president of
the Ladies Aid for II years, and pa
trones of the Sisterhood of Mary and
Martha, which office she held at the
time of her death, for 81 years. She
was also a member of the Woman's
Missionary Society of which she was
president at one time.
Besides her husband, William
Beachley, she is survived by: a
daughter, Mrs. Ethel Lehman, Del
bert, Paramount; a step-son, Rob-
ert Beachley, West Jefferson, N. c.;
a step-daughter, Mrs. John R. Stout
fer, Hagerstown, Route Five; one
grandchild; three step-grandchildren;
four brothers, Omer D., Charles E.,
A. Roy and Grover M. Sprecher and
one sister, Miss Bess C. Sprecher, all
of HaperStown
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-02-23

Mrs. Annie Jane Kratz, widow of
William H. Kratz, Clear Spring, died
at her home on February 16, after
a lingering illness, aged 81 years.
Born at Big Spring, she was the
daughter of Thomas and Mary (Baer)
Mouse. She was member of st.
Michaers Catholic Church, Clear
Spring.
Surviving are: two sons, w. Henry
Kratz and Charles M. Kratz, both of
Clear Spring; a daughter, Miss Leila
Kratz, Clear Spring; three grand
children, and a sister, Mrs. Aaron
Bartles, Clear Spring.
Lille May Hoover, widow of
Abram L. Hoover, 513 West Church
Street, died on February II at the
Washington County Hospital after
an illness of one day.
She was born and reared in Ha-
gerstown "a daughter of Milton A.
and Ella Cearfoss Kershner. She
was member of Christ Reformed
Church
Surviving are: three daughters,
Mrs. Anna Malott, Mrs. Martha De-
Bow and Mrs. Flora Slime; a son,
Roy, and sister, Mrs. Annie Eichel-
berger, all of Hagerstown.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-02-23

Mrs. Carrie B. Mundey Row, wi
dow of George w. Row, died at her
home, 439 Summit Avenue, on Feb
ruary 10, after an illness of one week,
aged 70 years.
She was born and reared at Eben-
vile, Pa, the daughter of James L.
and Maggie (Taylor) Roof She had
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-02-23

It's dangerous to expect the 9th
er fellow to use all the CautiOn-be
a cautious driver-dim your lights
for approaching vehicles.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-02-23

been residing in Hagerstown for the
past so years.
She was a charter member of
Grace Evangelical United Brethren
Church and a member of the Tenn
pie Builders Glass.
Surviving are: two daughters, Mrs.
Pearl Harne, Riverdale, Md, and
Miss Dorothy Mundey, at home; a
son, Roy S. Mundey; five grandchil-
dren; one great-grandchild, and a
brother, Ellis T. Roof
John C. (Cleve) Hell, Sharpsburg,
died suddenly on February 10.
He was a member of the Howard
Street Methodist Church.
He is survived by: two daughters,
Mrs. Mary Murray, Sharpsburg; and
Mrs. Rose Davis, Tilghmanton; two
sons, Vernon B. Funkstown, and
John c., Jr., Hagerstown; five sisters,
Miss Stella He'll, Mrs. Clara Brene-
man, Mrs. Frances Britten, and Mrs.
Mary Bussard, all of Hagerstown,
and Mrs. Kitty Berger, Baltimore;
a brother, Harry He'll, Funkstown,
and 13 grandchildren.
Mrs. Mary Elizabeth SwOpe, wild
ow of John E. Swope, died at her
home in Pondsville on February
10, aged 86 years.
She was born in Pondsville and
had lived there all her life.
Surviving are: a son, Elmer D.,
Williamsport; three brothers, Daniel
r. Grove, Leitersburg; John Grove,
Mt. Horris, Ill, and William Grove,
Iowa; a sister, Mrs. Albert Bickford,
Illinois; a foster daughter, Mrs. John
Coss; one grandchild and two great
grandchildren.
Lewis Edward Skinny Bentz,
owner and operator of the May
flower Cab Company here for num-
Der of years, died suddenly at his
home, 316 West Washington Street,
of heart attack, on February 10,
aged Sd years.
Born and reared in Frederick, he
was the son of Arthur and Ella
(Roberts) Bentz and had been liv-
ing in Hagerstown for the past
forty years.
He was a veteran of World War I
and a member of the American Lee
gion.
Surviving are: his wife, Mrs. Ber-
tina circuit Bentz; a son, Edward E.
Bentz; a daughter, Mrs. Rose
Phipps, New York City; a brother,
William Bentz, Hagerstown, and a
step-brother and step-sister living in
Frederick.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-02-23

Frances Matilda Butts Holden
died on February 16 while attend
ing a service at Miller's Pentecostal
Tabernacle, Hagerstown, aged 81
years. Her only son, the Rev. w.
A. Miller, Clear Spring, Route l, is
pastor of the church.
She was the daughter of James
and Mary Butts, Martinsburg, W. Va.
Born at Berkeley, w. Va, she spent
most of her life in Hagerstown.
Besides her son, she is survived
by: a brother, William Butts, Bed
dington, w. Va, a sister, Myrtle My
ers, Martinsburg, w. Va; five grand
children and ten great-grandchih
dren.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-02-23

More than $4,000 people are en-
ployed in Rockefeller Center, New
York City.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1950-06-17
||MZIl{ Mzzf o,4Noe - =
|a49S~ eq Stanley SweetinS O0
sq Stanley Sueetin$9

You may quote me for the records, and
make no mistake about it, Richmond
Heights is definitely the most Inspiration
al background for the Negro home-owner
ever attempted in Florida city - I dare
say, the entire Southland. It is more than
that. It's a model community, artistically
designed at its architectural best, situated
in an area where health and invigorating
freshness abound. Richmond Heights pos
sesses an individuality that bespeaks the
greatness of its environs. ] predict great
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1950-06-17

future for this South Florida project can't miss Al
ready the desire to home here has greatly
ed its physical demands don't live in Richmond Heights
and do not have to pull punches. But I'm giving out
seek account Of reporters observation experienced
during several sojouns down to this distinguished
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1950-09-02
Legal Notices
Flanagan & Jordan. Atiys

Flanagan & Jordan. Atfys
1927 Dawson
State of Michigan in the Cir
cult Court for the County OF
Wayne in Chancery.
Lille Lee Woods, plaintiff VS..
Spurgeon Woods, defendant.
No. 463-420
Order of Publication
At a session of said Court
held at the County Bu'' ding at
the City of Detroit, in the County
of Wayne and State of Michigan,
on this 10 day of July, AID, 1850
Present Hon. Rrthur Webster,
Circuit Judge.
1t appearing from the affidavit
attached hereto and filed here
with that Spurgeon Woods, the
defendant herein is not a resi-
dent of the County of Wayne and
State Of Michigan but that he
resides at COL A-E. McBee Street
at the City of Greenville and
State of South Carolina, there
fore,
On Motion of Flanagan and
Jordan. attorneys for plaintiff.
1t Is Ordered that the above
named defendant appear and ans
wer the Bill of Complaint filed
in this cause within three (3'
months from date of this Order,
or the same may be taken as
confessed against him.
1t Is Further Ordered that a
COPY of this order be sent TO the
defendant at his last known adj
dress by registered mail, or like
copy be published according to
law.
Arthur Webster.
Circuit Judge
CA true copy
Edgar NJ. Branigin, Clerk
BY l.. Maulk.
Deputy Clerk 7-29 90
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1950-09-02

edward N. Turner. ANY.
500 Beaubien !.
State of Michigan, County Oh
Wayne.
No. 363.506
Al a session of the PROBATE
court for said County Of Wayne,
heId at the Probate Court Room
n the City of Detroit, on the Oh
dav of August. in the year one
thousand nine hundred and n1ty'
PRESENT Hicks G.. Griffiths,
Judge of Probate.
In the Matter of the Estate OF
Eliza Smith. deceased.
Claudia Harris. Administrators
IF said estate. having rendered 10
This Court her first and final ac-
count in said matter and hleo
Herewith her petition praying
that the residue of said estate De
assigned to the person or persons
entitled thereto
II Is ordered. That the Four
tenth day of September, next.
AZ ten o'clock in the forenoon az
said Court Room be appointed
for examination anc allowing
said account and hearing salc
petition.
And it is further Ordered. That
a copy of this order be published
once in each week for three con-
secutively previous to said time
of hearing, in the Detroit Tribune,
a newspaper printed and circu-
lated in said County of Wayne.
Hicks G.. Griffiths.
Judge of Probate.
CA True Copy
Joseph F. O'Sullivan,
Deputy Probate Register.
1882.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1950-09-02

4SOO 4ASWoy
State of Michigan, in the Cir
cult Court for the County OF
Wayne in Chancery.
BIRDIE WHITE, Plaintiff. vs.
ROBERT WHITE. Defendant.
No. le3.7o7
Order Of Publication
At q session Of said Court held
in City of Detroit, Wayne Coun-
ty, Michigan, on the 9th day Of
July. 1850.
Present Hon. Arthur Webster.
Circuit Judge.
It appears to this Court from
Affidavit on file mat the defend
ant, robert Waite, is not a resi-
dent of The City Of Detroit
Wayne County, Michigan, but re-
sides at $50 Gadge Street, Green
wood, South Carolina.
On Motion of Charles B. Ber-
ry. attorney for the Plaintiff:
1T IS HEREBY ORDERED that
the defendant, Robert White. en-.
ter his appearance in said cause
on or before three (3) three
months from the date of this
Order, or sfiaid Bill of Complaint
will be taken as confessed against
him; and that a copy of said Or
der be sent to the last-known
post office address of the defend
ant, said address being $50 Cage
Street. Greenwood, South Caro-
lima, by registered mail. return
receipt requested, and delivery to
addressee only.
1T is FURTHER ORDERED
that if the defendant is not per-
sonally served. true copy of this
Order be published in the Detroit
Tribune, a newspaper printed.
published and circulating in said
County of Wayne, for six con.
secutive weeks. according to law
Arthur Webster.
Circuit Judge
"a True Copy
Edgar M. Branigin, Clerk
BY Dale De Vogelaer,
Deputy Clerk
8-19-9-23