davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
Hurrimdn Luuds Labor And
Blusts Record Of Bob Tdft

Houston, Tex. (LPA)-Organiz-
ed labor is in the forefront of the
battle for freedom, at home and
abroad. So declared w. Averell
Hartman, special assistant to
President Truman on international
affairs, in hard-hitting address
to the AFL convention here on
September 19.
Hartman, former banker and
railroad official, made a deep inn
preston on the conventions 700
delegates. He got a tremendous
ovation - particularly when he
blasted labor's arch-foe, Senator
Robert Taft of Ohio, for his isola-
tionism.
"In carrying Americas message
(of democracy to people of other
lands, there is nothing more effec-
tive than the direct communication
from American workers to workers
abroad" Hartman said.
81 have seen at first hand the
value of the work you are doing
in this field and | earnestly hope
you will find it possible to expand
these efforts"
He paid glowing tribute to the
AFL. "The influence of your great
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
lRy N. b. o. .P. .Delegatesl

Houston, Tex. (LPA)-If hous-
ing materials are to become scarce
then low-cost homes should get the
first crack at what's available
Also, rent controls must be main
tanned and expanded if the wal
emergency continues.
Those were among the declara-
,tions of policy laid down by the
AFL convention here.
Also, the convention reiterated
its stand for a cut in hours below
eight a day and 40 a week-to be
achieved by amending the Wage
Hour Act-but pointed out that
"the present national emergency
may cause temporary delay in its
full enforcement"
On housing, the convention de-
claration said the housing restric-
Stions so far laid down by the gov
eminent "have operated in the
wrong direction" These restric-
tions provide for rs per cent cut
back in public housing, and fol
higher down payments on homes
financed by the FILA and Veterans
Administration.
The declaration carried seven
principles which the AFL contends
should be followed in any govern
ment program curtailing the use
of housing materials:
1. There should be a complete,
overall review of the country's en-
tire construction program.
2. Where restrictions are neces-
sary, ALLEGATION powers should be
used to withhold scarce materials
from non n-essential, non-residential
construction. Because housing needs
are still acute, particularly among
persons in lower wage brackets, as
large BODYBUILDING program as
possible should be maintained.
3. Whenever cuts are necessary
IN residential construction, these
should be made first in higher
priced housing.
a. There should be no further
reduction in the size of the public
housing program. The greatest
need for housing is among low-in-
come families and the only means
for meeting their need is through
a Federal public housing program.
5. Rent controls must be extend
ed and strengthened. Congress
must act so the present rent con-
troll program does not expire on
December 81. Also, provision must
be made for re-control of any de-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

world-George C. Marshall.
"Let us lock at Taft's record.
Where did he stand on these two
issues? AS for the Marshall Plan,
he fought on every occasion, using
all his influence in the Senate, to
slash the appropriations to point
where the program would have
been crippled.
"He voted against the North
Atlantic treaty. He voted against
military aid to strengthen our mu-
tual defense.
"What is more, he has shown no
understanding of the Importance of
organized labor in our affairs at
home and in the world.
"When you look at his record
you cannot escape the conclusion
that if the Congress adopted his
positions, Communist objectives
would thereby have been furthered
"Actions which further the de
signs of the Kremlin cannot be for
given on the ground that they
were taken unwittingly. The most
charitable thing one can say about
Taft is that he knows not what ne
does"
Hartman declared also that a
few men in the Kremlin "have or
ganized a world conspiracy foi
world domination"-that the free
world must unite to block this con-
spiracy.
In Korea, Communist imperial
ism has applied a new technique OF
using a satellite to attack and at
tempt to conquer a free nation by
force of arms" Hartman said
He voiced hope that when victory
comes in Korea for the United Ma
tons, cit will be an object lesson to
aggressors in the future"
He added a strong plea that all
Americans when they go to the
polls in November elect men to of
flee who Understand the threat we
face from abroad and the tasks
that lie before us at home"
"In each election the welfare OF
our whole country is at stake-in
fact, the peace of the world" Har-
riman declared.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
AFL Group Acts On Houston Rent
Controls And Shorter Work Week

controlled areas where rents start
to climb excessively. We must now,
allow rents to lead an inflationary'
spiral.
6. A cooperative housing pro-
gram must be adopted.
7. Adequate housing and COM
munity facilities should be supplied
in the neighborhood of new defense
plants.
On the shorter work-week, the
issue was referred to the AFL Ex-
ecutive Council for implementation
"when it feels that economic condi-
tions warrant
The committee which dealt with
that issue cited the fact that man
hour production has steadily risen;
that "just compensation for the re-
markable increase in production by
the nations workers must be given
special attention lest wages fall
too far behind production levels"
While restraint must be exercis-
ed during the war, the committee
declared that "when the emergency
has been met and normal peacetime
aims prevail, workers should no
longer find it necessary to view
hours of work policies as a share
the work expedient, but rather as
rational choice between desirable
leisure and rising standards of liv-
ing"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

organization is far-reaching," he
said. "The AFL, and the million of
men and women within its member
ship, have made a vital contribu-
tion in the past to the strength of
our nation.
81 am confident the AFL will
continue to be in the front line of
the battle for freedom and for
peace. | am confident that with
unity of purpose and action by the
American people, peace for the free
world can be won"
Harriman's denunoiation of Taft
was a highspot Of the talk. Taft,
he said, is the symbol of those
members of Congress who played
the role Of obstructionists, and as
such aided the Soviets.
What are the two principal pro-
grams that the Kremlin has been
attacking most violently?" he ask
ed. zone is the Marshall Plan, be-
cause it is rolling back Communist
penetration in Western Europe,
Second is the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization because it is creating
unity and strength among free ma
tions Of the North Atlantic Com
munity to resist aggression.
"There are many candidates
whose record on these issues should
be closely examined. want t,
mention only one-Senator Robert
"A. Taft.
81 am naming him because he i.
now using his wide influence to at
tempt TO block the recall to public
service at this critiral time Of a
man who is universally respected
and trusted, not only in our own
country, but throughout the free
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
BUS LINE EMPLOYEES GAIN
z CENTS HOURLY PAY BOOST

st. Louis (LPA)-Buses of the
East st. Louis City Lines, Inc. are
on the streets again after two
day strike and the 175 drivers and
other employees have Z cents an
hour more in wages. In new 2S-
month contract, the workers, mem
bers of Local 1875, AFL Amalga-
mated Streetcar Employees, alsC
gained four paid holidays annually
(they had none before), three
weeks vacation with Is years SER
vice, and an additional Scent hour
ly boost starting April l., 1851.
The new hourly wage scale is
$1.6S for foremen, $1.63 for body
men, painters and grade ! mech
anics; $1.51 for grade 2 mechanics
SLAB for drivers and tellers; $1.22
for utility men; $1.14 for cleaners
and $1.09 for janitors,
Streetcar and bus operators Of
other city lines, members of the
same union, are seeking similar
contracts.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
Shishkin ExpIOdes
Communist Charges

Houston, Tex. (LPA)--Commun-
ist charges that benefits of the
Marshall Plan for European re-
covery have gone to business men
and bankers, not workers, were
branded false here by Boris Shish-
kin.
Former AFL economist and now
director Of the European labor di-
vision Of the Economic Cooperation
Administration, Shishkin spoke at
the AFL convention.
Communists claim that the
Marshall Plan has been making the
rich richer and the poor poorer"
Shishkin said. "Those of us who
have lived and worked in Europe
during the past two years, and who
have been in close to the workers
can state without hesitation that
this claim is an unadulturated lie. y
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

bermen (the "Four-LD, a giant
company union. A wave of hysteria
swept throughout the region and
the Wobbly organizers were jailed
chased out Of the woods and often
killed.
Meanwhile, soldiers (known as
the "spruce-troops") were moved
into the woods, ostensibly to fell
logs. In one case, Larson recalled
the jacks were assembled In a
cook-house and the structure sur
rounded by "spruce-troops." The
men then were ordered to join the
"Four-L". When they protested and
tried to flee, two were shot by the
soldiers.
The "Four-L" destroyed thf
IWW as an effective organization
and throughout the 1920s the lum-
berjacks were represented only by
the "Four-L". When the depress-
ion broke, wages were siashed ant
working conditions, as Garrison
put it, went "plumb straight t.
help. Something like 80 percent
of the wood workers were jobless
without unemployment insurance
to take up the slack. Wages ranged
from $1.50 to So a day while in the
south they dropped to as low as
nine cents an hour. The men start
ed talking union again.
The New Deal and its wage codes
raised wages to 4212 cents an hour
in the west and 2212 cents an hour
in the south. Meanwhile, the "Four-
l." and its successor, the Industrial
Employees Union, were thrown out
Of the woods when the government
labor boards held they were illegal
company-dominated unions. Genu-
inc unions succeeded them.
Wages are now about SIG a day
for a five-day week and overtime
after eight hours daily is at time
and-a-half. The union shop is com
mon, accompanied in many cases
by the dues checkoff.
But the great changes have come
in the condition of the camps. Most
jacks live normal family lives to-
day, residing in nearby towns with
their wives and children and com
ing home to lunch. Where camps do
exist, the food generally is tops
and-even during the war-the
men were given special extra ra-
tions of meat. The barracks now
include separate rooms, painted
and well-lighted, with modern san
itary facilities including shower
rooms and wash rooms. There are
not only sheets and blankets on the
beds--but they are changed often
as well. For recreation, there is
radio and television as we'll as
parks for ball-fields but, Garrison
added, poker is still tops.
Larson and Garrison still are
working for improved conditions
and wages in the industry. Their
sights now are set on the 6-hcur
day, health and welfare funds and
safer working operations. "Weve
travelled long road and we're still
on our way they said.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
TAFT AIDS COMMIES'

Houston, Tex. (LPA)-Sena-
tor Taft got double slugging
from w. Averell Hartman,
President Truman's special as
sistant on international affairs,
in his address to the AFL con-
vention here.
Hartman not only ripped
Taft in the prepared text of his
speech, but he added that Taft's
isolationist and obstructionist
policies play right into the
hands Of the Communists"
"Taft has no conception Of
what we're fighting for" Harri-
man declared-and then, in an
aside, added: 81 suppose III
probably be added to Taft's lists
of Communists now" His barbs
at the Ohio senator drew thumb
erous applause.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
Wants Lator Men On
Corporation Director Boards

w hington (LPA)-Labor
should be represented on corpora
tion boards cf directors, according
to Beardsley Ruml, author of the
pay y-as-you-go" income tax plan
Ruml, former chairman of the
board Of X. II. Macy & Co., told a
taxation forum Of the American
Bar Association that the board of
directors today is "a vestigial and
obsolete institution" He said there
should be four paid trustee-direct-
ors, each as spokesman for one of
four interests-employes, vendors,
customers, and stockholders. "We
want a rule-making body that is
sensitive to the interests Of all who
are affected by the company as a
private government" he said.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
WOMEN IN
INDUSTRY

Young women who are choosing
their fields of specialization will do
we'll to investigate the relatively
new occupations of dietitian and
public health nutritionist, the U. S,
Department of Labor's Women's
Bureau says. The bureau, which
based its statement on the findings
of new study, "The Outlook for
Women in Dietetics,' consides
these occupations important for 8
reasons: (1) the demand for train
ed dietitians and nutritionists far
exceeds the available supply of
such workers land is expected to do
so for some years; and (2) these 2
fast-growing specialties offer wo-
men a variety of opportunities as
to type of work and place of en-
ployment; and (3) both occupations
are essential to the welfare of the
community and the nation, in
peacetime as we'll as in wartime.
A relatively small group, women
dietitians in 1889 totaled about A.
900, according to available esti-
mates. More than half of them
approximately 5000 - were en-
ployed in hospitals, clinics, and
other institutions.
The bureau monograph is the
first of a series of studies on occu-
pations in the broad home econ
omics field.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
Lumber Workers Want No
Port of Good Old Days

Minneapolis LIZ AL iii ~ AiN
years of unionism in the Pacific
Northwest's timber industry have
brought revolutionary changes IN
working conditions in the woods.
Take the word Of two old-time
lumberjacks, Harley Larson of East
Stanwood, Wash, and Les Car
rison of Tacoma. Neither looks
back on the "good old days" with
out shuddering.
Larson went into the woods
when he was II to get his first job
saving wood for the "donkeys"-
steam engines used to start fallen
logs on their journey. He later be-
came a chief load-logger Qoading
logs on railcars or trucks on the
way to the transport river) and
now is a union official.
Wages then averaged about " a
day for "bucking", one of the bet
ter trades in the woods. The jacks
worked a l0-hour day six days a
week-but they never got $l2 a
week. Usually they ended up with
something like $4 after paying 81
week for bed and 81 daily for
food.
Garrison recalled that a meal of
straight beans and bread was no
novelty and lunches would consist
of cold left-overs to be taken into
the woods and munched alongside
fallen tree.
AT that, Larson interrupted, he
would rather take the food than
the "bed" for which he paid half
a-day's wages weekly. The bunk
houses were rectangular, unpaint-
ed shacks with a hot stove in the
middle and three-tier hunks RUM
ing down both sides.
"If you slept in the middle, you
burned to DEATH" Larson added,
land if you were on the ends, you
froze."
The hunks were bare boards and
all the boss supplied was a straw
mattress. This led to the Jacks
making up bundle" of their
blankets and extra clothes as they
went on the job. The first great
union strikes were fought over the
issue of "sheets on the bunks".
Sanitation was non-existent.
The men would spend IL months
Of the year in the isolated camps,
away from family and friends.
Twice a year, in July and Decem-
ber, they would draw their accumu-
lated stake usually about $l00)
and make for Seattle or Tacoma,
there to spend it in honky-tonk
saloons. After two weeks they
would again make for the camps,
the sheetless bunks and the beans
and-bread.
Safety devices were virtually
non-eXistent. In one camp where he
worked, Larson recalled, a jack
was killed each day for 80 days
straight. Workers crippled on the
job were left stranded.
Conditions began to change when
the Industrial Workers of the
World QWW) drifted into the
northwest from Idaho to preach
the gospel of IAN Injury to One
Is an Injury to All"
The Wobblies, as members of
the IWW were called, refused to
sign contracts or even negotiated
for future conditions. They depend
ed on their ability to strike and
shut down an operation to keep
and raise working standards.
They began on the bunkhouses,
cleaning them up, and then moved
ON to the cookhouse, where they|
insisted that the men be fed pro-
perly. They fought for and won the
eight-hour day although for years
employers continued to work the,
jacks overtime at straight wages.
During the last years Of World
War l. the employers with the help
of the government organized the
Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lum-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
Canadian Labor Congress Protests
Religious And Racial Disturbances

Montreal, Canada (LPA) - The
Trades and Labor Congress has
condemned the recent outbreaks Of
violence against religious minor
tiles in Quebec Province and has
warned the nation of the dangers
of racial discrimination. Congress
delegates adopted a resolution OBJ
jecting to the referendum held in
the city of Dresden, Ont, curtail-
ing the rights of Negroes in that
locality, and to the outbreak OF
violence in Shawinigan Falls S
against members Of the Christian
Brethren, and in La Sarte, Quebec
against a group of Baptist evan
gelists."
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28
Cost OF Living Keeps On Climbing

Washington (LPA) = The con-.
sumner price index was 173 oye
August 49,, the US Dept. of Labors
announced Sept. %. That was the
highest level since October 1948,
and 2.5 percent over a year ago;
1913 percent higher than at the
end of price controls in June 1916,
and 75.5 percent over August 1889.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

A growing shortage of women
workers in many lines of light in
dustry was recently reported by
Edward Corsi, New York State In
dustrial Commissioner. Young
women with nimble fingers, sharp
eyesight and an eye to the future
can have a choice of many light
production jobs in the metropolitan
area Of New York City," he said.
Should the nations armament
program expand to meet the grow
ing needs of the military services
many of the available jobs might
lead to better paid work, Corsi
noted. The Commissioner, who is
head of the New York Department
of Labor, said that jobs are avail
able in all parts of the city, with
the main need for experienced help
in the electrical equipment, paper
box, costume jewelry, printing and
greeting card industries. There
also is a good market for ambitious
beginners, Corsi added.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

Buy Union Made goods from
others as you would have them
pay Union wages unto you!
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

Appointment of women to policy
making posts in the national de-
fense program and a commission
to integrate women into all phases
Of defense has been asked by the
American Association of Univer-
'sity Women in letter to Pres
.ident Truman. "The women of our
country have been encouraged to
feel that during this emergency
they would not only be expected to
help in carrying out of national and
local plans but would have full re-
presentation in the making of
these plans" the letter read.
This expectation, the letter said
stems from the Presidents own
record in including women in posts
of great responsibility and leader
ship. In cited as examples the ap-
pointment of Mrs. Eleanor Roose-
welt and Mrs. Edith S. Sampson tC
United Nations posts and Mrs
Anna Rosenberg, Major Catherine
Falvey and Mrs. Martha Sharp to
the National Security Resources
Board.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

In summary of women in the
armed forces in World War III, the
us. Women's Bureau says that in
the mid-period of the war Aug
ust, 1943) the War Department
reported women in the armed ser.
vices performing more than 40(
different skills. Among these wo-
men were clerical workers, drivers
of trucks and conveys, cooks, and
dietitans. Also included We're 160,-
700 women in the Ordinance De-
partment, where among other jobs
they were testing guns, making
ammunition in government arsen-
ais, inspecting ordinance. 10000 in
the Signal Corps, where they in
.spected radio parts, for example;
and over 25,0O0 in the Army Air
Corps, where they served as mech
anics and instructed in elements of
flying. In the Quartermaster Corps
Women We're evaluating textiles
for uniforms, as we'll as sewing
uniforms. In the Engineer Corps
they were examining fabrics and
parts for barrage balloons.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

Demand the Union Label.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-09-28

You know what an extro sfoir~uy light cor
odd in sofefy. You know the comfort OF G
modern reading lamp. But think what omPla
fighting can odd to your home in friendIiness
end eheerl
An Illuminated house number, for instance
u costs very little but what courteous
hospitobIe thing il is! Or take on ornomento
lomp post ihot beoms hearty welcome to
evening guests tund makes your yard more
oitroetive besidesl. How beautifully outdoor
floodlishis set off priced trees and shrubs
And how much homier Iivina or Quest '~"n,
, 1950-04-12

Wall paper provides a striking background in this dual purpose
room. BY day it is an attractive living room. After dark it provides
ample sleeping quarters for unexpected guests. This same arrangement
can be applied to q bedroom, den, or a oneroom apartment.
In contrast to the monotone tailored touches, q bold patterned
paper with one Of the new dark ground colors, adds spark and variety:
Whatever the setting, there are many exciting wall papers that.wil
show it off to advantage. April is Wall Paper Style Month, so get on
le bandwagon and select the paper of your choice.
Evening star., 1950-11-27

the intricate threads Of history science architecture tera
ture drama, art music government, economics industry
world affairs and weaves them into complete pattern an
ordered library Of information to keep you always in
formed, alert, self-confdent.
HELPS YOUR BOY OR GIRL EARN BETTER MARKS
PREPARE FOR A SUCCESSFUL CAREER From childhood
through elementary and later school years of your
chds waking hours under the direct influence of the
home With The Encyclopedia Americana in the home you
encourage child to develop the look it up habit
which important in earning higher grades at school
In scientifically exact yet rereshngy non-technical Ian
guage The Encyclopedia Americana draws your child into
exciting worlds encourages boys and girls to search
urther learn them gain the confidence and
knowledge to build successful careers =