davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04

38ll Fourth Ave. 80, Also present
were Mr. and Mrs Edwin Carr
and Mrs Wana Glenn
Correction
This II 10 correct . statement
In this paper last week which
said Mr.. Russell Underwood. 1888
Third Ave. 30. was III at his
home The fact IL that Mr. In
dcrwood In home and feeling fine,
AtheTtOR Poorly" Hughes spent
the weekend In the city. Ills home
Ia nav In Dies MOinss. Iowa.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04
SOCIAL & PERSONAL
MINNEAPOLIS

"TA. AhCC NuAAHcy OF MllWaQ-
kee. Mis-, was the house guest OF
Mrs. d. Buford of 1923 Fourth
Ave. So, Sunday, July 80. Other
guests were Mrs. Z. Simmons,
supervisor of Women's work in
Milwaukee. The two left for home
Monday morning. July 81.
Mrs. Emily Drake, SIS Lyndale
Ave. No, who has been seriously
i'll for the past three weeks was
able TO be up and around enough
Sunday, July 80, to attend the
Healing Station of the Church of
God in Christ.
The National State COnVOcatiOn
convened at Graham's Temple
July II to %. A spiritual blessing
was received by many and many
workers were present. Twenty
five baptisms were held Sunday.
July 16 at Glenwood Beach. Mrs.
c. Sims and Mrs. A. CLANCY of
Milwaukee, Wis, were guests at
the convocation. The official days
were great.
On Sunday, July 80, Messrs.
and Mines. Luther Galbreath and
family, Ronald Lewis. Paul
Smith, Mrs. Charlene Hall and
Messrs. Buddy Buchanan and d.
Fisher enjoyed a picnic at Lake
Marion. The day was spent fish
ing and swimming.
Miss Phyllis Williams, 1914
Clinton Ave. So. was host to a
get-together at her home Satur-
day evening, July 20. Among
those present were the Misses
Marlene Wallace, Allene Miller,
Lynn Gresham, Matte Wright,
Inez Gamble. Connie Turner, Min
erva Johnigan, Juanita Washing
ton, Marienne Curry, Elinor
Davis, Tonja Gresham, and Yer
onica Carruthers and the Messrs.
James Curry, Rudy Jenkins,
Buddy Clark. Marvin Crawford,
James Gresham, Jerry Wright,
Albert Moore, Earl Smith, Ma
thaniel Walker, Sam Simmons,
Wesley Hayden. Roy Armstrong,
Sonny Martin, Vernon Johnson,
Buzz Williams, Bob Childers,
Lorenzo Johnson, Monroe Gates,
Arthur Pierre, Richard Stokes,
Richard Acosta, Lawrence Shan
non and Savannah Hammond.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Simmons
motored from Inckster, Mich. and
arrived in the city Tuesday eve
ming, August l TO visit at the
home of Rev. and Mrs. NJ. l..
Simmons, 1856 Fifth Ave. So.
Mr.. Simmons is the brother Of
Rev. Simmons.
Mrs. T. b. Warren, 500 Ere
mont Ave. No, returned to the
city Thursday, August 3 from a
few days visit in parts of Mis-
soun.
Mrs. A. Patterson of Ladonia,
Texas left Monday, July 81 for
Mason City, Iowa, accompanied
by her daughter, Mrs. Rose
Richey. Mrs. Patterson had been
visiting her daughter for the past
two months.
Wayne COckrell, son of Mr. and
Mrs. Paul Smith attended Nor
wood Point Camp at Hague Lake
as a representative Of Elliot
Park NeighborhoOd House.
Wayne returned home Friday.
August I.
Mrs. Polly DahlsOn, 1902 Gin
ton Ave. So. Is i'll at her home.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04
PAST
and
PRESENT

Hello everybody Omar
Fawcett left the city Wednesday.
August ? for California Joan
Howell left the city Tuesday.
August l for Chicago. Illinois &.
Bruce Williams has ten days to
clear up his business before he
leaves. Nothing like being alert
cd" Virginia Robinson and
Leonard Carter were married
Saturday. July 29th. Vir wore a
navy suit and a very pretty pink
hat. Her corsage was a beautiful
orchid. A very lovely reception
was held at her home after the
wedding She received some lovely
gifts
Connie Jones and Ccott Price
were married Saturday, July 20
at Comics home. Connie wore
an ankle length dress OF white
marquisite. She carried colonial
bouquet OF white glRdiolRs. Thel-
ma Price was maid Of honor in
pink marquisite. Her dress was
also ankle length. The back
ground Of the wedding party was
Of palms and tall candles. II was
very lovely affair. A reception
followed the wedding. Connie re-
ceived some lovely gifts
Jean Schofield celebrated her
birthday Thursday OF this week
A very NICE party was given
for Rosamond Miller. Saturday,
July 10Th, at Jean Durand' 3
home. II was ROsamonds 18th
birthday. Among the guests were
Bev. Carroll. LaDoris Foster.
Catherine Coram. David Will
liams, Rock White. Charles MAJ
que, Herman Howard, Rosie Mae
johnson and Harvey Saunders q.
Russell Roberts has two very
pretty cousins visiting in our
city. Ones name is Beverly
With everybody getting married
! know you need household APP
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04
by
Myrrhene
Allen

planes like rcfrigerators, kit
chen sets and the like, II you are
IN need Of such things, be sure to
see Robert wormley. He's a
pretty good salesman The
Ames Lodge. you know, has a
dance at the Elks In Minneapolis
every Friday night. Try not To
miss them e.. Barbara Fields
left the city this week for Fort
Madison. Iowa. where she viii
attend weekend party. The
party II TO be held at a girl
friends house from Howard Unit
versity. Guests will include kids
from Northwestern. UCLA, Fisk
and "A few other universities. I
know Barbara win have a won.
derful time e. The Minnesota
Negro Golf Open was held at the
Theodore Wirth Golf Course July
90th. The tournament really had
plenty of spectators besides 100
golfers,
As many OF you know, Julie
Rowells OF st. Louis won the
Women's Championship for the
third consecutive year, Mr. John
Williams won the Mems cham
pionship. Two OF the other win
ners were: Margaret Slemmons
for the best dressed woman golfer
and Bessie Green for the longest
drive OF the women. The Blind
Bogey winner was BubbR Brown.
He won the sharp television set.
Gloria Williams was the popular
score keeper of the day because
well. you ask few Of those that
were out there. Among the spec
tators were Bobby Cartwright.
Edna. Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Wormlcy. Carmen Davis, Pat
Cartwright, Stanley Stone, Con-
ME Brown, Erlyne Neal, 10 Kelby.
Leroy Allen, Jean Schoneld and
Norman Carter
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04

Young
MIR. and Mrs. r. l. Braxton
1915 Portland Ave. So. had a.
their guests, Mrs. Louise Jones
and Mrs. Susie White OF St. Louis
Mo. They left Monday. July 81
for a short visit in Chicago be-
fore returning home, Mrs. Jones
Is the aunt Of Mr.. Braxton.
Visiting from St. LOUIS. Mo,
were Mr.. and Mrs Robert Terrell
and Mrs Bertha McCullen. They
were house guests Of Mr. and
Mrs. Edwin Carr 3942 Fifth Ave.
So, while IN the city. Mr.. Terrell
played in the Minnesota Negro
Open. Mrs. Terrell is the niece OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Carr. They ~.
turned to their home Monday
July 81.
The Grant Missionary Society
Of st. Peter church will meet Fri
day, August IL at the home OF
Mrs. Lillian Parkinson, 3342
Fourth Ave. So All members are
asked to be- present,
Mrs. w. A. Ross sang a song
entitled King Jesus VIII Wash
All Sins Away" on the special
program given at zion Baptist
church. Sunday. July 80. Also
appearing on the program were
Mr.. A. Primm and Willie d.
Hale, who sang a duet.
Mrs. Minnie Rhodes, 1924 Fifth
Ave. So, is i'll in Fairview hos
pital. She is reported TO be get
ting along fine.
Mrs. PlOuis Moore and son and
daughter. 1917 Fifth Ave. So,
are visiting in New Orleans, La.
They will be gone two weeks.
Mrs. Eileen Fisher returned 10
her home in independence, Kans.,
after a prolonged stay in the city.
she was visiting her sister, Mrs.
Freddie Cyprtan, S54 Bryant Ave,
No. She left the city Saturday,
July 20.
A baby boy was born to Mr.,
and Mrs. Luther Keys OF Santa
Monica Calf, recently. Mrs.
Keys is the daughter of Mrs.
Margaret Lockett. 26O6 Fourth
Ave. So
Returning TO the city after a
months visit in California. Wy
oming. Utah and Nevada were
Miss Myra Rich, Miss Elizabeth
Rice and Mrs. Margaret Lockett.
Mrs. Louise Jones and Mrs.
Susie White were luncheon guests
of Mrs Augustus Owens, 5000
Clinton Ave. So. Friday. July IS.
First Lieutenant Harold Brown
Of the U.SA.F. Is believed to be
on his way to Korea. according TO
the last letter received by his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. John
Brown, sos Olson Blvd. 1t.
Brown was formerly stationed in
Ohio and has been in the Air
Force for seven years
Mel Hammond and Norman
Carter, both of Minneapolis, re-
ceived physical examinations for
induction into the army, July 81.
At press time II was not known
whether they passed or not.
Rev. and Mrs. u. w. Bolts ST.,
1919 Lyndale Ave No, returned
Thursday, August 3 from Mead
VILE and st. Joseph. Missouri. In
Meadwlle, Rev. Bolts preached at
the homecoming celebration of
the baptist church there.
OdeH l.. Benford. 100 Fremont
Ave. No, started his eastern tour
today, which will include Chicago,
Cleveland, Buffalo. Niagara Falls,
Albany, Boston. New York City,
Philadelphia, Atlantic city,
Washington, Cincinnati. and In
dianapolis. Mr.. Bcnford expects
TO be gone for four weeks and
will make a survey of educational
opportunities while in these
areas. He Is a senior in North
High school and the son Of Mr..
and Mrs. OIden L. Benford.
The NeIEhbOrhoOd Sewing Club
meets today at the home Of Mira.
Johnnie Mae Wade, 2442 Fifth
Ave. So.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04
SOCIAL & PERSONAL

After enjoying two months vacation Mrs Isabelle Me-
Query 40lS Fourth Ave So returned home Wednesday,
July 80 Also accompanying Mrs McQucry were her sOnn.
law and daughter Mr. and Mrs James Dixon of Lake Charles
La They have returned to their home after few days visit in
he
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04

tennis. . hayride and dancing.
Geraldine, one Of the daughters
Of DR.. and Mrs Harper, will be
BarbaFa's roommate at Howard
university this fall Barbara viii
return on the eighth.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-08-04

] know you need household APP
The Senior Missionary Society
Of Zion Baptist church held its
regular meeting Wednesday
August 2 at the home Of Mrs.
Mamie Battles, 1928 Portland
Ave. SO.
Mrs. Sadie Fisher. 30 Hyland
Ave. entertained Mr.. Rotha vii.
hams from jefferson City. Mo,
Thursday, July q at dinner
Guests were Mrs. X, b. Moulden,
Mrs. Arrabelle Mathes, Mr.. vii.
liams and Mrs. Sue King.
Mrs. Marie williams, 1921
Portland Ave. So. announces the
marriage Of her daughter Dolores
TO Richard Patton. The marriage
took place Saturday, July 20 at
Mason City. Iowa. Attendants 10
the couple were JuanitA Nevis
and Frank Bryant. They will be
at home at 370S Fifth Ave. So
The newly married couple and
their family enjoyed a dinner
Sunday, July 30, at the brides
home.
Mrs. Myrtle Potter entertained
her sister, Mrs. Alice Brown and
Mrs. Hazel Williams at a birth
day dinner at 374O Fourth Ave.
So. Tuesday evening, August /,
Those present were Mr. and Mrs
Fred Ewing. Mrs. Edward Boyd,
Mrs. r. b. Moulden and Mr.. z. J.
Brown.
Mr.. Carol Watkins, nephew OF
Mrs. r. b. Moulden who has been
III at General hospital for q long
period Of time, IL able TO be
moved TO Veterans hospital We'd
nesday, Aug. 2, His condition II
fair.
Mrs. Caroline PeeFy, 3729
Fourth Ave. So, II expected
home this week from q six week
course In human relations which
she attended at Fisk University
In Nashville, Tenn.
Mr.. and Mrs. Claude Burt, for.
merry Of 2437 Fifth Ave. 30, are
now living at 2636 Fourth Ave.
So.
Mr.. and Mrs Ronald Judy,
3s27 Fifth Ave. So, returned
Friday July %. from q motor
t1p TO Canada They visited Fort
Frances, Bemsdji and ItRSca
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19
LET There BE LIGHT!
By RUTH TAYLOR

The greatest danger to Amer
lea today lies not in the war clouds
darkening the horizon, but in the
rumor clouds shadowing this coun-
try. These masses of unverified re-
ports, unfounded suspicious and
hate breeding lies, unless dispers-
ed, will dim the light of freedom.
They will devour the healthy habits
of thought of our people, as the
plaques of locusts darken the sun
with their wings, when they des-
cend to destroy every green and
living thing with their voracious
jaws.
There is but one way to stop this
menace and to eradicate the pest
that is upon us. Turn on the flood
lights of truth!
Labor knows full we'll that when
rumors start flying, armed forces
are being massed for the attack
which will follow once the waters
of clear thinking are thoroughly
muddied. 1t has had too many ex-
periences of this kind in the past
not to recognize these forerunners.
Now, however, the attack is not
upon Labor alone but upon free
dom, upon democracy itself. Those
who look upon the workings of a
democratic way of life and repub-
lican form of government with
warped vision and evil eye are out
to sabotage our morale with lies.
One invincible weapon lies close
to our hand-the truth! Use this
weapon fearlessly and confidently.
When unverified reports are re-
peated in your presence, turn ON
the light of truth. Trace them down
and face them down. Show them in
their true colors and watch them
shrivel into their native nothing
ness under the clear light of truth.
When unfounded suspicious are
voiced, turn on the light of truth.
Sift the grounds in the clear light
of fact and the suspicious that turn
neighbor against neighbor will
melt away as the shadows vanish
when the sun rises.
When hate-breeding lies are
spread forth as though they were
facts, turn on the light of truth.
These insect pests breed fast and
only the strong light can kill them.
Anti-Semitism and Anti-Catholic-
ism are the first weapons by which
the haters of freedom seek to
shackle the minds of men, but the
light of truth will show them up
for what they are. Whenever you
meet them, destroy the lies with
the strong light of truth.
In this way-and in this way
alone-can dissension be kept from
us and we be free to face as a
united people any threat that may
come to us from abroad. Let there
be light!
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19
Comment On
World Events

If world order is TO be establish
ed, "the mind set Of the nations
must be brought into conformity
with the moral law and the con-
duct of the nations into harmony
with the principles embodied in the
Charter Of the United Nations" the
Federal Council of Churches de-
clared in its annual message for
reading in Protestant and Eastern
Orthodox churches on World Order
Day, Sunday, Oct. 22. The message
stressed spiritual and moral de-
fenses as the paramount need Of
the times.
The council paid tribute to the
United Nations, as it observes its
5th anniversary, for providing this
generation with an opportunity to
build the foundations Of a more
durable peace" In listing its con-
structive achievements since Sar
Francisco, the message likewise
pointed to pressing issues yet un-
resolved.
"We do not accept as final" il
said, "the current impasse in the
effort to place the atomic bomb
and other weapons of mass destruc-
tion under strict international con-
troll. We will not cease our labors
to achieve, through the United Ma
tions, reduction and control of con
ventional ornaments"
The message then admonished
sunless a way can be found tC
bring all military establishments
under the discipline Of law in the
name, and for the sake, Of the
world community, it is difficult tc
see how the peace envisaged in the
Charter can be permanently ac-
hieved."
\ = =
Taking a firm stand in support
of the UN action in Korea, the
churches council said:
'In Korea the United Nations
was confronted with the severest
challenge to it's authority and use.
fullness. We are heartened by the
swift action of the United Nations
in resisting this aggression. We are
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19

gratified that the forces combat
ing invasion in South Korea serve
under the flag and command Of
the United Nations. We are reso-
lutely opposed to the idea Of pre-
ventive' war. We could not condone
resort to arms for the aggrandize-
ment of our own or any other ma
ton. We can and do support the
United Nations in mobilizing col
lective resources from its member
states for the purpose Of establish
ing the conditions Of peace in
Korea.
"At this moment in history the
United Nations offers promise that
mankind, if it has the will to do SO,
can repeal aggression and advance
the cause of peace and justice
through the cooperative endeavor
Of the world community. This will
be the more true if, when the fight
ing is over in Korea, the United
Nations can take steps which will
vouchsafe to the entire Korean
people the freedom TO which they
are entitled"
Reminding the nation that Gag
gression and the pagan thrust Of
"a God-denying theology can never
be wholly met by instruments Of
military power" the council called
upon Christians to pray for peace,
not precariously supported by bay
onets, but derived from obedience
to Gods will.
The council emphasized the i'm
portance, as the nation strengthens
its military defenses, of the prior
need Of spiritual and moral de-
fenses, and declared that the sup
RENE need Of the hour is for spirit
ual regeneration on a global scale.
"In Christ's gospel there is suf-
ficient answer to the pretensions of
communism. To be strong in right
eous faith is to prevail against
iron curtains and the tyranny Of
the police state.
"Let the voice Of our nation" il
continued, "be the voice of free
dom for the downtrodden, of JUS
tice for the impoverished, of re-
lease for the oppressed. Let this
voice be proclaimed in our own and
other lands. Let this voice be heard
in our pulpits, in the halls of Con-
gress, in the council chambers of
the United Nations.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19
PAGE FIVE

bureau said.
The survey, Women in Higher
Level Positions" was conducted in
Hartford, Chica ago, and
Philadelphia in department stores,
banks, home offices Of insurance
companies, and certain manufactur-
ing plants. 1t is one Of the first
comprehensive analyses ever made
of women's status within industry
and business in the United States.
Field agents of the Women's
Bureau obtained from the employ
ers information concerning $50
women holding responsible jobs and
this was supplemented by personal
interviews with 646 of them. En-
ployers, when asked their opinion
why women were not more frequ-
emily promoted to top-leyel jobs
although many qualified for such
positions, voiced traditional atti-
tudes and likewise emphasized lack
of permanency and the distractions
of home responsibilities as major
deterrent factors.
Most Of the women interviewed
indicated no desire to give up their
jobs, many of them stating that
they hoped for promotions. Of all
the women two-thirds were single,
widowed, divorced, or separated
and only one-third were married.
Those Of US who can recollect
the National Women's Trade Union
League in its halcyon days could
not escape a heart-tugging at the
announcement that it has shut shop
after AZ years. They started in the
early years Of the century, most Of
them young women and non-wage
earners, as pioneers of protective
Legislation for women and children
in industry, but soon took up regu-
lar trade union missionary work
with glove factories, garment
shops, restaurants and laundries as
their main targets.
mission Accomplished" reads
the notation on the NWTUL door
in Washington. There's kernel of
candor in this: with hundreds Of
thousands of women enrolled in
trade unions, the role Of the auxil-
iary organization in the labor field
is nearing its end. Still, many of
the goals which inspired the lea
CUES pioneers have by no means
been achieved as yet.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19
Worker Paradise. Russion Style
In The German Uranium Mines

Thurlngen, Germany LPA) -
They live in squalid, overcrowdedI
barracks or in strange households
kor disused railway carriages. They
Vtravel from two to six hours daily
going to and from work. If they
don't work on Sunday, their pay is
cut unless they make it up on their
own time. They are often injured
because there are few safety mea-
sures on the job. Conditions make
them i'll but few are released, even
if they collapse several times a day.
Mothers see their children once
every three months, at most.
Workers often stand in water up
to their hips. Women carry heavy
equipment, dig and clear trenches,
lay tracks, and push trolleys un-
derground. Workers are penalized
if they don't prodtce the norm" ,
which is so high it is rarely met.
They cannot go outside their job
area without permission. Their mail
is often censored and parcels check
ed.
When their contract is up Cf it
hasn't been extended without their
knowledge and consent) they find
they cannot get unemployment in
surance or sometimes even ration
cards unless they sign up for an
other work period. If they're absent
or tardy they are put in penal
camps after the days work where
they are housed behind high ten
sion wires. Any idle time on the
job, even if due to working condi-
tions beyond their control, must
be made up in unpaid overtime.
This is East Germany, 1850. The
East Germany of the Wismut AG-
Russia's organization that directs
the mining of uranium. Yet leaf
let issued by the Russians tells the
prospective worker, "The possibil-
ity i. of improving your standard
of living, of assisting your family
financially and materially and, by
your savings, laying the founda-
tions for improvements in your
professional work and in your liv-
ing and social conditions is a fact
which nobody can deny" The
pamphlet is headed: "Aue Ca min
ing area) offers the best conditions
of labour-why are you hesitat-
ing?"
"Why are you hesitating?" Why
do the Russians have to cut off all
other sources of work before the
people will take their jobs? Offic
ials of the British sector of Ger
many Investigated and reported
that q. i. Russians have recently
intensified to a scale hitherto un
known in peacetime their frantic
drive in Eastern Germany aimed
at producing a maximum of uran
ium regardless of wastage in man.
power and material. All the usua
practices and malpractices familiar
in the Soviet system .. are being
employed"
The report stated the Wismut
AG employed about 100000 East
German men and women. 1t is en-
tirely directed by the Russians bu
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19
Tenants Council
Win Delay On
Rent DeconfroI

Los Angeles (LPA)-A temper
ary court injunction that prevent
ed rent decontrol here expired Oct
6, but rents are still controlled
here.
Word fromW Washington was that
Tighe Woods, Housing Expediter
would not act to order decontrol
until after he had studied the court
decisions in the case, and other
data.
The City Council voted to decon-
troll. The Tenants Council went to
Federal district court in Washing
ton to block action. The tenants
lost, appealed to the court of ap-
peals, and lost again.
Meanwhile, Chief Justice Vinson
in Washington rejected an appeal
by the Tenants Council for a new
court order to prevent decontrol, to
give the council time to file form
al appeal with the Supreme Court.
Washington (LPA) = Six COM
munities on the west coast and two
in the midwest were decOntrolled
Oct. s by the office of Housing Ex-
pediter Tighe Woods, under the
local option provisions of the rent
law. The communities are Ather-
ton, Roseville, San Fernando and
San Jose, Calf; Lollala, Pendle-
ton, Ore; Crosse Point, Mich, and
Mentor, Ohio.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19
SPARKS" WINS RAISE

New York (LPA)-Ships' radio
officers of the American Radio AS
sociation won a 6.3S percent raise
from contracted steamship lines
Oct. 10. Increase came in the wake
of similar increases obtained by
unlicensed seamen of the National
Maritime Union and the Seafarers
International Union-AFL.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-10-19
NLRB ELECTION SET IN
GASTONIA, N. c. MILL

Gastonia, N. C. (LPA)-The En-
ployes of the Gastonia Weaving
Co. plant here will vote in an
NLRB election whether they wish
to be represented in collective bar
gaining by the United Textile
Workers. The NLRB examiner rul-
ed that the machine shop leading
man, leading yarn man, leading ex-
aminer, shipping clerk, and two
watchmen shall be included in the
appropriate unit.