davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-11-16
By Thomas r. Henry

Oceans and atmosphere origin
ally arose, and are sstill rising,
from the earth's depths, biologists
were told today.
This thesis was presented be-
fore the Geological Society of
Americas meeting here by its re-
firing president, DR.. William w.
Rubey of the United States Geo.
logical Survey.
Approximately 1000 biologists
are attending the meetings at the
Statler Hotel.
Many considerations, DR.. Rubey
said, make it seem highly improb-
able that the earths air and water
were present in the beginning,
either when the substance now
composing the planet was torn lose
from the sun or some passing star
or when the original molten mass
cooled to a solid.
Rocks Rise to Surface.
On the other hand rocks few
miles below the surface are con-
stantly being pushed up to the
point where they cool sufficiently
to solidify. In the solidif1cation
process "distillable spirits" of the
earth's solid matter are set free.
These he characterized as water,
carbon dioxide, chlorine and nj
trogen.
They escape to the surface
through volcanoes, hot springs
and slow, non-violent seepage to
the surface. These processes, Dr.
Rubey told the geologists, more
than account for all the water in
the oceans.
1.-THE annual discharge of hot
springs alone multiplied by 2 bill
lion years, the probable age of the
earth, gives a total volume OF
water which is more than 100
times that of the present ocean"
Water presumably is constantly
being lost by escape intosSpace Or
incorporation into solid materials.
Thus the thesis would account for
the apparent unchanged dinen-
sions of the seas throughout most
of geological history.
Salt Content Discussed.
If the salt water of the seas
had existed from the beginning,
he pointed out, the salt content
would have grown greater or less.
But the most primitive sea ami
mails, like their closest relatives to-
day. were finely adjusted to just
the right proportion of salt and
would have perished if there had
been any notable changes.
Much the same is true, he
pointed out. for the carbon dioxide
in the air, the key material of
photosynthesis upon which all
terrestrial life depends.
The greatest magnification ever
achieved on earth-approXimately
100000 fold-has enabled man to
see individual atoms for the first
time.
The super-microscope arrange
ment which makes this possible
was described before the Geologi-
Evening star., 1950-11-16

cal Society by Dr., Martin j
Buerger of the Massachusetts, In
stitute of Technology.
DR.. Buerger uses a combination
of X-rays and visible light rays.
mercury arc lamp which sends
single wave length of green light
through a hole less than one TO-
000th of an inch in diameter. and
an extremely thin flake of mica
The apparatus is used for the
examination of extremely small
crystals. 1t reveals atoms in the
crystal, it was explained, only
when the position of these atoms
have been determined precisely by
other means. The apparatus
however. gives the physicist GER
tain clues by which this can be
fairly accurately deduced.
1t would, of course, reveal nc
details of the atom itself-merely
the fact that there was an&object
of certain dimensions in a GER
tain position. 1t would not show
atoms under any other circum-
stances and is useful primarily
in studies of crystal structure.
The general procedure. it was
explained, was first attempted by
Evening star., 1950-11-16

At meeting Of the Mineralog-
ical Society of America, meeting
in conjunction with the biologists
DR.. Norman L. Brown of the Geo.
physical Laboratory, Carnegie In
stitution of Washington, was
awarded the Roebling medal fol
his work on the physical chem
istry of rocks.
DR.. Morley E. Wilson of the
Geological Survey of Canada was
awarded the Penrose medal OF
the Geological Society for his
work on the earth's oldest known
rocks found in Northern Quebec
Evening star., 1950-11-16
200 More From RAF
To Go to.New Zealand
By the Associated Press

AUCKLAND, New Zealand
Defense Minister Thomas L. Mac
Donald said in Parliament zoe
more former members of the
Royal Air Force would be brought
to New Zealand. They would
serve in technical branches of the
Royal New Zealand Air Force. he
said.
The minister said it was becom-
ing more difficult to recruit men
in England. and some of the next
group would be married. Already
448 air force men, mostly fully
trained ex-members of the Raj,
have come from overseas to serve
in the RNZAF.
Evening star., 1950-11-16

the British physicist, Sir Lawrence
Bragg, several years ago. but he
apparently missed one important
step which now has been devel-
oped by DR.. Buerger.
The final image is seen. either
with the eye or as a photograph,
with the aid of an auxiliary micro
scope.
With the method developed only
last February, DR.. Buerger showed
photographs of the pattern of
atoms in several types of min
erals.
Evening star., 1950-11-16
BY the Associated Press

bY me NS3ocldfed FTeSS
HONG KONG. Nov. 16.-The
British freighter Tinan. crippled
by a mine last September and
helpless victim of a 57-hour
Typhoon in the Strait of Formosa,
reached Hong Kong in tow late
yesterday.
The 2,994-ton vessel showed
little effects of the typhoon's
buffeting, put she displayed a gap
ing 20-foot hole as the result of
the contact with the mine
Evening star., 1950-11-16
BY the Assoeioted Press

LOS ANGELES. Nov. 16.-The
United States Court of Appeals is
studying the appeal Of Tomoya
(MeatbalD KaWakita from his
treason conviction.
Oral arguments were completed
yesterday.
The American-born japanese
was convicted two years ago and
sentenced to death for beating
American war prisoners in a Jap
anese prison camp during World
War H.
KaWakita, %, contended he was
Evening star., 1950-11-16
British Ship, Hit by Mine Safe After Battling Typhoon

presumably laid by the Chinese
Nationalists.
She was being towed to Hong
Kong by the tug Margaret
Moller, after temporary repairs at
Shanghai, when the typhoon
struck and the towline broke.
Without power. she rolled danger
ously from 38 to 43 degrees, ships
officers said, before the Margaret
Moller sighted her and again took
her in tow more than three days
later.
Evening star., 1950-11-16
IKawakita's treason Appeal Studied by U. 5. Court

in Japan when war broke out and
was forced to become a Japanese
citizen. Thus, his attorneys ar
gued, he could not have COM
mitted TREASON against the United
States.
United States attorneys con-
tended Kawakita was an Amer.
ican citizen and that the jury
found this to be a fact in convict
ing him.
Evening star., 1950-11-16

Recent Diet legislation provides
for the licensing and registration
of architects throughout Japan.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Ii. R. B. Farquharson, Jr.,
Dies After Week Of Polio

Robert Burns Farquharson, jr.
10. retired Naval lieutenant and
former Washington resident, died
Friday of polio in West Hartford
Conn.,, where he lived, friends here
learned last night.
Mr.. Marquharson had just re-
turned from a California vacation
and was Ill a week before his
death.
A 1881 graduate Of the Naval
Academy, he had been employed
in the engineering department of
the Pratt Whitney Aircraft Co.
since his retirement from the
Navy in 1886.
His father, Marine Col. r. B.
Farquharson. retired, Is en- route
to West Hartford from Scotland.
The family lived for many years
at the Kenesaw Apartments, Six
teenth and Irving streets NV.
In addition to his father, he
leaves his wife, Mrs. Lorraine
Farquharson, and two children,
Brian, 6. and Marcia, /, all of
West Hartford.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Senator Proposes
Income Tax Hike
For II. S. Officials
By the Asseeiated Pres,

Senator Williams, Republican,
OF Delaware, proposed yesterday
that income taxes for President
Truman, Vice President Barkley
and all members of Congress be
boosted to help meet defense costs
He introduced an amendment to
the pending tax bill that would
make tax-exempt allowances, now
granted all these officials, subject
to taxes.
The President now gets $100, 900
q year salary and an additional
$4,000 for expenses. Similarly
the Vice President gets $50, 900
salary and a $4,000 allowance. All
members Of Congress get $12,500
a year salary plus $4,000 for ex-
penses.
Mr.. Williams proposed. that all
these tax-exempt expense allow
ances be Jumped as salaries and
taxed. But other lawmakers gave
his amendment slight chance for
approval.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Karl Scherer Funeral
To Be Held Tomorrow

Funeral services for Pvt. Karl
Scherer, SO, a retired Metropolitan
policeman and Spanish-American
war veteran, will be held at 9:15
am. tomorrow at Assumption
Church, Highview place and Mich
OILS avenue Sc. Burial will be In
Arlington Cemetery.
A son, Pvt. James Scherer, is
o District policeman in the No. II
Precinct.
Mr.. Scherer served nearly 80
years rs a policeman, before his
retirement In February, 1881. At
that time he was with the Harbor
precinct.
He was born in South Boston.
Mass. After serving in the Span
ash h-American War, he came to the
District. He lived at 1920 Horner
place Sc.
In addition to his son, he is
survived by his widow, Mrs. Mary
A. Scherer; another son, Karl A.
Scherer. of Hillcrest Heights, Nd,
and nine grandchildren.
Evening star., 1950-08-27

But there may be other factors
in the shortage, like the junking
of old boxcars faster than they
are replaced by new ones, plus a
shortage of steel to build new ones.
Chairman j. Monroe johnson of
the Interstate Commerce Commits
sion, who ran the Office of Defense
Transportation during the war,
has warned many times that
freight cars would be one of the
worst bottlenecks in another war.
Grain Piled on Ground.
Mr.. johnson has recommended
that the Government itself work
out some sort of arrangement to
see to it that more cars are built
and sold or leased to the carriers.
Insurance companies in some cases
have been investing in cars to be
leased to railroads.
Mr.. johnson has been asked to
tell the Senate Commerce Com
mittee about the boxcar shortage
again next Wednesday and what
he thinks could be done about it.
The committee chairman, Sem
ator johnson, Democrat, of Colo
RADIO, says the situation is fright
full" and Western farmers are
piling grain on the ground because
they can't get cars to ship it.
The AAR total on freight load
ings last week stood at 851,025
cars. That was up 1880 cars
from the same week Of last year.
During the war years the corre-
spending weekly figures were $685.
900 in 1941; 891 900 in 1913: 1885,
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Bill 10 Draft Doctors
May Pass Congress
Early This Week
By the As,oeioted Press

Legislation to draft doctors, den
lists and other specialists may
speed through House and Senate
this week.
Bills affecting more than 5000
men are expected to be ready Mon
day or Tuesday in both chambers.
A bill before q Senate Armed
Services subcommittee would draft
physicians through SIS and dentists
through IS years of age. In the
House, however, Chairman Vinson
of the Armed Services Committee
sponsored bill setting As as the
top age for any such draft.
Mr.. Vinson said he plans to
bring the legislation before the
House Tuesday.
Under its terms, doctors and
dentists and allied specialists who
have not reached their 45th year
at the time of the passage of the
bill would be required to register.
Until they reach their 46th year
they would be liable for 81 months
active duty.
Similar registration require
mentS are in the Senate bill, but
reaching 10 years higher in the
case of physicians.
First priority for calling up
doctors and dentists under both
bills would apply to men who were
trained under Army and Navy
specialist programs at Government
expense during the last war and
who served less than 80 days on
active duty.
In the next category would be
such men trained under these
programs whose service totaled
less than 81 months.
A defense official estimated that
$4,000 doctors and dentists were
trained under the war program,
and that nearly 5000 saw no ac-
tive service. They were exempted
from military duty to take the
training.
Senator Hunt, Democrat, Of
Wyoming. chairman of a subcom-
mittee. handling the legislation on
the Senate. side.. said it would be
ready tomorrow morning, and he
would try to have it considered by
the Senate the same day. Z
Senator Hunt estimated that
some $500 physicians and 5000
dentists might fall into the first
category Of those subject to the
proposed draft. He said this
number should nearly meet" the
current needs Of the armed forces.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Man Entering Taxi Hurt
When Auto Strikes Cab

A man about to enter a taxicab
was injured slightly last night
when an automobile struck the
cab and another parked car.
John L. Henderson, SIS, colored,
of the 600 block of L street NV.
was treated for, head injuries at
Casualty Hospital and released.
The accident occurred in the block
where he lives.
Police said an automobile
driven by j. D. billiard, %, col
ored. of the 1000 block Fourth
street NE, struck the cab, whose
driver was Thomas F. Matthews,
90, colored, of the $500 block of
Bass street Sc.
The car driven by billiard then
struck an automobile, parked
nearby. owned by Curtis l.. STAN
Gil, of 1918 Oates street NE.
billiard was charged with hav-
ing no drivers permit. driving on
the wrong side of the street and
leaving after colliding. Police said
he ran away from the accident.
He will appear in Municipal Court
tomorrow.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
By the Associated Press


Figures on railway freight traf-
fic, pushing up toward World War
II levels apparently mean that
heavy shipments of war supplies
are being rushed to Korea.
Defense officials won't talk
about the movement. The As
sociation of American Railroads
gets daily, detailed figures on all
rail movements of war goods and
troops. But the Pentagon has told
the carriers not to talk, either.
The AAR keeps putting out, as
it has for years, weekly figures on
freight carloadings. These have
been climbing steadily in recent
weeks. Last weeks miscellaneous
loadings'' were the highest for any
week since 1914. This is the classi-
f1cation in which war materials
would be concealed.
Freight Cars Are Short.
The National Lumber Manu-
facturers Association lists ship
ments and new orders for lumber
as running below last year, and
below production levels. An as
sociation spokesman told a re-
porter there is a shortage of
freight cars, partly due to seasonal
fruit shipments but largely be-
cause of war traffic.
This official said that instead
Of waiting to be filled up on the
West Coast, many cars are hur-
ried back East empty to be loaded
with goods for Korea and rushed
West again.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Korean Fund SABOTAGE e
Charged by Mccarthy
BY the Assoeioted Press

WORCESTER, Mass. Aug. 26-
Senator Mccarthy, of Wisconsin,
said tonight that if congressional
plans to aid South Korea had not
been sabotaged by the State De-
partment. the blood of American
boys would not be staining the
hills and valley of South Korea
today"
In a speech before the Military
Order OF the Purple Heart, Senator
Mccarthy called again for the re-
placement Of Secretary of State
Acheson.
He accused Mr.. Acheson of TAX
ing the lead in holding up the ex-
penditure of military aid funds
voted by Congress. He said these
funds would have armed the South
Koreans sufficiently to stop the
Communist invasion and would
have made it unnecessary to send
American soldiers almost bare
handed" into Korea.
The Korean death trap can be
laid at the doors of those men who
the Congressional at
tempt to send arms to the Anti
Communists in China, Formosa
and Korea-men whose shadows
hover like vultures over the corpse
OF China and whose actions rip at
the backbone of freedom in Amer
ica," he declared.
James D. Goodin, of johnson,
Tenn, q veteran of Bastogne, was
named national commander of the
order. Mr.. Goodin, an attorney,
is the first World War II veteran
to reach that office.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Doctor to Bill Army
$4,000 for X-Roys
For ;. 300 Cases
By the Associoied Press

INDIANAPOLIS. Aug. 26.-An
Indianapolis doctor has disclosed
that he will bill the Army for
some $4,000 for chest X-ray work
on men called for draft physica4s
in a period of nearly month.
DR.. Raymond Beeler said 5000
cases were processed in his labo-
pratories before he helped arrange
with the State Health Board for
a machine at the induction center.
DR.. Beeler said he did not want
the business because it interfered
with service to his regular pa
tients.
What makes me mad" he said
is that lot of people will think
I'm profiteering."
Evening star., 1950-08-27

motor Car, died
today of the
complications of
old age.
MIR. Olds, one
Of the fathers
of the automo-
tive industry,
h a d survived
two recent ILL
nesses and was
stricken again
July 80 on his
return from his
summer fh o m e
at Charlevoix,
AHinh
Evening star., 1950-08-27

His physician Of many years,
DR.. Dorothy Dart. said he put up
"a game fight" until yesterday
when he sank into coma.
Mr.. Olds was one-time farm
youth who gave the world its first
practical low priced automobile
His Oldsmobile predated Henry
Ford's first model by year.
Retained Interest in Autos.
The automobile pioneer marked
his seth birthday on June 3 and
was alert, genial, and energetic to
the day he was stricken with his
last illness.
He had not been associated with
the automobile industry for many
years before his death. but he al
ways retained his interest in it.
A wealthy man, Mr.. Olds' busi-
ness interests in his latter years
were mainly in large real estate
holdings - hotels, apartment
houses, and Office buildings in
various parts of the country.
Mr.. Olds was born in 1864 at
Geneva, Ohio, and received his
early education in the public
schools of Cleveland and Lansing.
His formal education was con-
cluded with course in Lansing
business college.
Trained in Machine Shop.
He always insisted, however,
that most of his training for a
career of automobile building
came from his fathers tiny ma
chine shop where he worked in
his early years and learned by
tinkering with engines.
Mr.. Olds began to experiment
with the then revolutionary horse
less carriage-considered the Wild
est of schemes in the middle
1880's.
In 1886, however, the quiet of
the young Capital City of Mich
igan was shattered one morning.
1t was young Olds successfully
operating his first automobiles
three wheeled steam affair.
A few years later, he produced
a four wheel steamer with high
upright boiler in the rear.
Inspired Song.
The epochal curved dash"
Oldsmobile. the pioneers first in
terna1 combustion model made it's
appearance in 1895. 1t went into
volume production in 1902 to sell
for $780, The first vehicle to be
driven from New York to San
Francisco, it inspired the song,
My Merry Oldsmobile."
The Olds motor works had been
organized and factory built IN
Detroit. When this burned in 1902,
Mr.. Olds rebuilt in Lansing, his
headquarters ever since.
Several years later, he sold his
interest in the Oldsmobile COM
ANY, and 1t later became a divi-
sion of General Motors.
After the sale, Mr.. Olds organ
tied the REQ Motor Car Co., COM
bining his initials for the name
He headed that from 1907 tc
1924. retired and came back in
1888 at Reo's call. In 1887, at the
age of 73, he retired from the in
dustry for the last time.
He is survived by his widow, the
former Meta Woodward of Lam
sing whom he married in 1888
and two daughters, Mrs. Gladys
Olds Anderson and Mrs. Clarence
s. Roe, both Of Lansing.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
You Can Even Hunt
Whales in Manitoba

WINNIPEG, Manitoba.-Fisher-
men have 27,000 square miles of
lakes and rivers in Manitoba in
which to try their luck. The
more adventurous, if they have
a special license, can hunt belu-
gas, the great white whales of
HudSon's Bay.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Cruisers Hit Harder

NEW YORK.-The fire power
OF the newest United States Navy
cruisers Is four times greater than
those built during World WalAu.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Meot Boycott Urged

The Irish Housewives Associa-
ton, in Dublin, urged housewives
to buy no meat until butchers re-
woke their decision to sell only in
ferior quality meats.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
R. {. 0Ids, Pioneer
In Development Of
Low-Priced Car, Dies
By the Associated Press

LANSING, Mich. Aug. 26.-R.
E. Olds, 86-year-old automotive
pioneer who developed the Merry
Oldsmobile" and later the REQ
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Corloodings Show Korea Shipments Are Heavy

900 in 1914. Then with the end of
the war in 1945 it dropped to
$50, 900 cars.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
Poles Triple Truetor Totol
WARSAW

WARSAW-In 1945 Poland had
ebont $500 tractors. BY 1e49 the
Number had almost tripled.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
RUBBER Tough, YET VELVET RICH

SUPER KEM-ToNE's tight, nonporous
surface, a new achievement of paint
chemistry, repels dirt, makes it easy
to keep clean. So practical and yet 30
richly beautiful.
Evening star., 1950-08-27
50 EASY TO Apply

Ready to use as it comes in the can,
SUPER KEM-ToNE gldes on Like magic
with brush or Roller-Koater. You'll ex-
perience real thrill when you use this
marvellous new paint.
Milford chronicle., 1950-12-29
Local COOtie Puptent
Has Many Activities
Groups Baby N bers
We're Fe.ed At Session
Last Sunday

Puptent No. f.. M. 6. C. the Mil
ford areas newest but most active
veterans organization enioyed
many worthwhile activities during
the week preceding Christmas,
parties and assisting IN the stag
ing Of two other parties On sun
day, December 18th, some eighteen
members Of the local "Cooties''
unit, joined Coolies from other
puptents in taking gifts and enter
tainment to hospitalized veterans
at the Veterans Administration
Hospital, at Brack-Ex. Del, and. on
Saturday. December 2Srd. most of
the Puptent no. membership ioin-
ed other members OF Blue Hen
Post, Y. +. w. in the staging of tn
Annual Christmas Party for Under
privileged Children, held at the y
r. w Home, here.
On he evening Of Wednesday
December 2Oth, the Coolies and
their wives or girl friends gathered
at the post home for Il Christmas
tcontlnued on page 81
Milford chronicle., 1950-12-29
Are
In
Sussex County
Personnel Changes List
ed For County Court
House Officers Begin
ming Jan. LIST, 1851.

With January 1st just around the
corner, preparation for a number
of changes in personnel in the Sus-
sex County Court House are in
progress.
Granville c. Boyce, prothonotary.
has reappointed Mrs. Mildred King
as his deputy.
Woodrow Morgan, register of
wills, has named Miss Kathryn
Prettyman as his deputy. Miss
Prettyman has been deputy clerk
of the peace for the past year.
Miss Mary Reed of Milton, who
has been a clerk in the recorder of
deeds office, has been named by
Charles Hudson, recorder Of deeds,
to serve as his deputy.
Arthur Lee Pittard, defeated can
didate for representative in the
Ninth district, has been named as
deputy to Sheriff Reuben L. Savage.
Up until late Thursday no deputy
had been announced for the clerk
OF the peace. II is expected that
William Wiigus, Jr., the new clerk
Of peace, will announce his choice
Of deputy soon.
Other changes in personnel will
be announced after January LIST.
Milford chronicle., 1950-12-29
State Tax Law Edward Bixby
Will Expire Is Killed In
December 3 I Highway Crash
Withholding Provision
Not In Effect. After
Then; Old System To
Return After 31st Date

Wage earners and employers Of
Delaware were reminded again to-
day that the present state income
tax law-with it's mandatory with
holding tax provision for payroll
deductions-expires on Dec. 81.
On Jan. 1, 1851, the old net in
come tax law will again be applic-
able, until the General Assembly
determines what state income tax
law will be used next year.
Howard S. Abbott, state tax COM
missioner, pointed out that the
Withholding tax provisions Of the
present law apply only to the peri
Cd from July /, 1949 to Dec. 81,
1850.
On or before Jan. 81. 1851. en-
ployers are required to file with the
State Tax Department Withholding
tax form WI, Withholding Agents
Return Of Delaware Income Tax
Withheld. Payment of the tax with
held during the period from Oct
l, 1850 to Dec. 81, 1850, inclusive
must accompany the return. Mr..
Abbott said.
(continued on page 81