davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-06-20
'Frunco Should Be Armed

The State Department is calling upon
Congress to spend billions to bolster and
arm a few weakened allies in Western
Europe, while at the same time it slaps
in the face the only forces which had
backbone enough to maintain their in
dependence against Russian aggression.
We must go whole hog or none" Franco
should be armed. Also Portugal and
West Germany. For China it is probably
too late, thanks to the State Depart
ment pinks.
There should be but one test of an
applicant country's right to receive arms
and that Is whether 1t has the moral
fiber to stand up and fight. Everything
else should be secondary. Merely to
place expensive armaments in the hands
Of poltroons is equivalent to handing
such arms to Russia and have them used
against us If we should come.
Monitor
Evening star., 1950-06-20

into absolute control of nations unable
to protect themselves.
We must elevate men of character to
public office and to the leadership of our
great free county. Men who will do.
and not daily with our problems in
maintaining freedom, progress, prosperity
and peace. Leaders who are not afraid
to face the foe and demand a showdown
and not take any nations double talk.
What we need is not Franklin Del
ano but Teddy Roosevelt in the White
House. A leader who knows right from
wrong and never hesitates to Swing the
big stick" Our national problem Is to
find such q leader.
Leo Brownson.
Los Angeles, Calf,
Evening star., 1950-06-20

was on terms Of friendship with George Wash
ington, was the first tenant He set an example
of generous hospitality which still is remembered.
Later, his home was occupied by President Madi-
son and his wife, the celebrated Dolly, after the
British burned the Capitol and the Executive
Mansion in 1914
Visitors feel the old Colonial atmosphere in
the quaint old rooms. Here they can well believe
Jefferson Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Decatur,
Porter, Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Randolph and
Lafayette came and went 1t was in such houses
that these giants of old dwelt and worked. A
whole age of Americas past lives again in the
Octagon, and it deserves visit on everybodys
part.
Evening star., 1950-06-20
Blackjack Unionism

Fifteen years ago men who tried to join
unions down in Kentucky's Bloody Harlan"
County were apt to be beaten up by thugs hired
by the employers. Now the shoe is on the other
foot Men who refuse to join unions are apt
to be beaten up by union-hired thugs.
recent decision by the National Labor
Relations Board gives a revealing glimpse of
what passes for union organizing activities" in
Harlan County. In 1945 the United Construc-
tion Workers, an affiliate of the United Mine
Workers, was chosen to represent the employees
OF department store in the town of Lynch
Kentucky. Some of the store employees refused
to join the union and would not pay dues to it.
So in 1s49 the UNIV, on orders from Washington
or John L. Lewis" sent some of its strong arm
boys into Lynch to take over" the organizing
campaign
Gangs of upward of 100 men would wait
in front of the store until closing time.
Then as the nonunion workers came out, they
were asked to sign union cards. The experience
OF two men, as related by the NLRB Trial Ex-
aminer shows what happened to those who
refused. The two men, William Heron and
Quentin Schoonover, walked away from the
union representatives and tried to get into their
car Then, according to the Trial Examiner,
lone of the solicitors pushed the door shut and
held it Shut saying that they were not going
u
card and that they could either quit their en-
ployment or sign a card. Quite a crowd
gathered while the solicitors urged the men to
sign and the men continued to refuse One of
the solicitors became restless and hit Heron in
the face. Another solicitor struck Schoonover
with his fist Heron and Schoonover both
executed cards promptly thereafter and were
allowed to get into their car and drive off,"
few days later more union organizers got
restless" and more employees were beaten up.
In the course of this fracas policeman was shot
and killed by man who came to the scene with
the union men, but the union was not held
responsible for the murder.
The Labor Board did find, however, that
both unions were guilty Of using force to recruit
members at the department store in violation
of the Taft-Hartley Act, and they have been
ordered to stop it.
Perhaps this is victory on a very small
front at time when violence by the UNIV in
any labor dispute seems to have become the
rule rather than the exception. Nevertheless a
few people down In Kentucky have been assured
that they cannot be forced to join union against
their will. And this, in turn, may encourage
others who do not want to join unions but who
may be afraid to stay out. At the least it re-
inforces the right of the individual to be free
from coercion by either his employer or a union,
and this is something which merits the attention
of those who are clamoring for repeal of the
Taft-Hartley Act.
Evening star., 1950-06-20
By Robert L. Johnson
ID ORGANIZATION of the Fec

ID EORGANIZATION of the Federal
IN Government under recommenda-
tons of the Hoover Commission shows.
as OF this date, encouraging results, but
they could be better. About IS per cent
Of the total reorganization plan has now
been enacted by the 81st Congress. But
we still have a long distance to travel.
with difficult obstacles along the road,
before we do much boasting.
was greatly concerned over the
powerful opposition brought against the
five defeated plans of President Truman.
1t came from small pressure groups
which oppose portions of the reorgani-
opposition that the American people
must fight if they want to see the plan
put through.
President Truman'S plans, now num-
bering 81, will go long way in strength
ening the Executive Branch. But they
do not cover the whole program. There
now are bills before Congress dealing
with specific reorganization of certain
departments and bureaus, some of a
highly controversial nature. which will
be fought out on the floor of Congress.
Sharp battles are in prospect.
Among these bills are several which
strike directly at some of the traditional
perquisites of Congress. Others strike
at agencies which, through long incum-
bency, supported by strong lobbies. have
made for themselves almost unassailable
positions. Some of these agencies can
even flout the authority of the President.
AS examples of the difficulty of this
sort of legislation, consider the Post
Office and the Corps of Engineers of
the United States Army.
There are. altogether, 10 bills in Con-
gress seeking reorganization of the Post
Office. which is now losing $500 million
a year. One of these, S. 2213, would
take away from the Senate the authority
to approve the appointment Of post
Evening star., 1950-06-20
They Should Remain Separate

1t is hard to see much merit in the proposal
to help pay for the Mutual Defense Assistance
Program by using some of the counterpart funds
of the Marshall Plan. Such mixing up of two
separate undertakings-one military and the
other economic-might easily have the effect of
doing harm to both. Beyond that, 1t could prove
to be extremely unwise from the propaganda
standpoint.
In both principle and practice, the Marshall
Plan has been-and should continue to bean
enterprise designed primarily to promote the
economic comeback of our friends abroad As it
has worked out up to now in Western Europe,
in the first half of its four-year life, it has made
ear-miraculous progress in enabling the partici-
pating countries to establish new records in in
dustrial and agricultural production and to
achieve fiscal stability by throwing back the
forces of imitation. In all of this, the role of
the counterpart funds-the domestic money
which matches our dollar aid and which the
participants spend on internal recovery projects
has been of prime Importance.
Of course, in thus helping to restore the
economic health of the Western Europeans the
Marshall Plan has also been strengthening them
politically and militarily to a significant degree,
the increasing vigor of their economies being q
kind of automatic prop to their defensive posi-
ton. But the plans contribution in that sense
though highly important-does not alter the
fact that this great undertaking is nonmiltary
In nature and that the funds spent under it are
supposed to be devoted to agricultural and in
dustrial recovery. On the other hand, the Mutual
Defense Assistance Program is something else
again; it is frankly and specifically an arma-
ments project designed to counter the threat of
Soviet aggression.
In the circumstances-sincet they are separate
and distinct, even though they overlap each
other In some of their indirect effectS-it would
seem to be common sense to maintain an ad-
ministrative and financing wall between these
two historic enterprises Two Senate committees
Foreign Relations and Armed Services-have
vetoed the proposal. The Congress should sup
port them.
Evening star., 1950-06-20
Cleaning the Upper Potomac

The strong steps taken by the Maryland
Water Pollution Control Commission to clean
up the North Branch of the Potomac River
between Cumberland and Luke, are warranted
by the disgraceful conditions prevailing in that
area. This upper part of the river has the i'll
repute of being more contaminated than any
other stretch of the Potomac. 1t has been called
a dead stream" because municipal and indus
trial discharges have killed all fish life there.
1t was because of this serious situation that
the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River
Basin has launched thorough survey of condi-
tions from Cumberland to Luke, with funds
granted by the Federal Security Agency The
clean up" orders just issued by the Maryland
authorities will be good news to the Interstate
Commission and other groups and individuals
interested in making the Potomac River safer
as water supply and better for recreational
purposes.
The Maryland commission directed its COM
plants against two large industrial concerns and
against the City of Cumberland, the worst Of
tenders in the North Branch area. A paper mill
at Luke and a celanese plant at Cumberland
were ordered to take immediate steps to prepare
for treatment of industrial wastes which they
dump into the river. Cumberland was directed
to prepare plans at once for sewage treatment
plant. All three offenders will be required to
have waste-treatment plants in operation within
another year.
On the Virginia side of the river, similar
crackdowns have been instituted by State off,
cials, chiefly in the area near Washington. These
preSSures from State conservation agencies are
welcome sign of awakening official interest in
the pollution problem, after years of apathy.
Much of the credit for this active interest should
go to such organizations as the Interstate Com
mission on the Potomac River Basin, the Izaak
Walton League and other conservation groups.
The Potomac never will be freed of all contain
inants, of course, but there is now real hope that
large stretches now polluted will become suitable
for fishing and swimming within the next few
years.
Evening star., 1950-06-20
The Vote in the Ruhr

Sundays election results in the state of
North Rhine e-Westphalia-whch encompasses
the Ruhr, Western Germany's great industrial
workshop-are significant both as a blow to the
Communists and as somewhat mixed-up en-
dorsement of socialization In a region that has
voted strongly for conservatives.
AS far as the Communists are concerned the
situation Is clear enough. Despite having once
been politically powerful in the Ruhr, where three
years ago they polled IA per cent of the vote,
they have now been reduced to relative weakness,
winning little more than per cent of all the
ballots cast. In other words, they have lost a
great percentage of their former support in an
industrial electorate which has turned against
them almost as thoroughly as against the ex-
treme rightists of the lunatic fringe.
This Red setback undoubtedly is attributable
in large part to the fact that the workers of the
Ruhr, like the people of Germany as a whole
have come to recognize the Communists for
what they really are-mere agents OF the Krem-
lin, conspirators REASONABLY bent on dragging
their country behind the Iron Curtain subverters
whose sole function Is to carry out Moscow'S
orders, just as their party comrades in the
puppet East German regime are doing. Actually
in that sense, Sundays heavy vote against them
may also be regarded as a heavy vote against
the Soviet Union.
But though its anti Communist and anti
Kremlin meaning is thus clear the Ruhr election
has created puzzle of sorts as regards social
ization. The conservatives-the dominant Chris
tian Democrats Free Democrats and the Center
have won 40 per cent of the popular vote and
135 seats in the 217-man state legislature, with
the Socialists trailing behind with 6S seats Yet,
despite this display of rightward political senti-
ment, the electorate has voted at the same time
for a new North Rhine -Westphalian constitution
that calls for the naturalization of basic in
dustrieS.
This seeming paradox-conServatism going
along with socialization-can be explained in
part by the fact that the constitution also pro-
vides for denominational schools to be admin
istered by the churches Apparently, this
provision was attractive enough to the conserva-
tive elements especially the Catholics-to per-
suade them to vote for the states basic new law
even though they might be against the national
ization feature. In their view, presumably ac-
cepting the latter was not too high a price to
pay for the school arrangement
Actually, however, despite the constitutional
commitment to Socialization, the Ruhrs con-
servatives, according to Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer of the federal government at Bonn,
are not likely to take any action on it at this
time II it is to be put into effect at all, steps
to that end will be taken by the Parliament of
Western Germany as whole, and not merely by
the state of North Rhine -Westphalia. The issue
will not affect the course of negotiations on the
Schuman Plan for pooling Western Europe's coal
and steel resources.
Evening star., 1950-06-20

masters 1t would make 1t possible for
the Postmaster General to select post
masters from the ranks on the basis
of merit.
This bill was approved by a subcom-
mittee Of the Senate Committee on Post
Office and Civil Service. And then the
whole committee laid it indefinitely on
the table. And there it rests.
The Army Engineers have been in
existence since the beginning of the
Nation. Primarily, they are what their
name implies. but during the years they
have assumed the building of large
peacetime civil works. especially dams.
With the consent of Congress. they have
built billions of dollars worth of these
engineering works. Some of them are
Of doubtful value
There is bill before Congress which
Evening star., 1950-06-20

would take this civil work and authority
away from the Engineers and vest it
in 8 new department. You may be sure
that terrific opposition awaits this
measure.
OF the other measures yet to be
enacted-and there are IS pending in
the Senate and 80 in the House-those
next in Importance to the Post Once
bill are the bin for reorganiZing the
civil service personnel system, making
Government career more attractive and
permanent, and another measure which
would overhaul the cumbersome and
ancient system Of Government account
ing. The enactment Of these measures
alone will effect an annual saving of
$500 million. Add this to the $l.25 bill
lion already saved in the 1949 session.
and We shall have a worthwhile start
toward the goal of 81 billion-plus.
Other top measures still awaiting ac-
ton by Congress are Agriculture. Vet
Grams affairs and medical services. The
last two will face strong opposition from
veterans organizations. They really
should not, as they are designed in the
interest Of the veteran and not. as it Is
enormously stated by some. against his
interest. There also are bills having to
do with reforms in the Commerce De-
partment. the Treasury. the Interior De-
partment. social security. education and
Indian affairs, Federal business enter
prises. Federal-State relations and over
seas administration.
The Citizens Committee for the
Hoover Report has an eye on this whole
situation. It proposes to keep you in
formed Of what is happening or about
to happen. 1t can do no more. 1t is you
the citizens of the country, who can
force these economies and improve
ments.
The situation reminds me Of Gulliver
who. when the Lilliputians we're pulling
and hauling him at cross purposes, said:
If they had been unanimous they
could have carried me away"
II the American people will work in
harmony on a set plan Of notifying Con-
gress Of their will, this necessary reor-
ganiZation will be successful
North American Newspaper AIiance0
Evening star., 1950-06-20
Pre-SchooI Public Nurseries

No one seems to know the answer to
overcrowded living conditions. So, be-
fore it's too late, let's plan a program
that will protect and educate our chill
dren for happier and safer future.
No one mother can constantly super
wise the play activities Of every child on
the block. nor could any ones nerves
stand to turn her yard into q public
playground. Yet the main theme in chill
dren's play is to be with other children.
Couldn't day nurseries for pre-school
children be started by our public educa-
tional system? During these formative
years any defect in the child would be
noticed and given immediate attention.
Then, by the time our children reach the
first grade, our teachers will be able to
carry out their duties without the usual
Setbacks Of Strengthening out problem
child.
Too many parents are having their
hearts broken by delinquents they did
not realize were on the wrong team until
1t was too late. So doesn't that show that
somewhere, our counties and communities
are not backing up the early maturity
found in our boys and girls today?
Mrs. Webb Taylor.
Brief Proise
Thank God for David Lawrencel
.". Betty Phillips.
Navy wife.
Evening star., 1950-06-20
Soldiers and Formers

BY chance read your editorial. Our
Benef1cent Lords and Masters" in The
Evening Star Of June IL. 1850. am not
one normally to react to the editorial
columns of the daily newspapers; how
ever. being in the rather peculiar position
Of being both member of the military
service and a milk producer for the
Washington market. your editorial was
a double punch which reacted slightly
below the belt.
Let me make it clear at the outset that
I was also impressed with the incon-
gruous arrangement whereby the military
meSses along with the hospitals, etc..
would continue to receive their milk sup
ply. have no idea who made this ruling,
but seriously doubt that the military par
ticipated in it, was inclined to pass
over this ruling as the efforts of some
misguided soul who remembered that the
Marines in Guadalcanal and the dough-
boys on Anzio Beachhead didn't get their
regular supply of milk and felt it might
be nice gesture to provide them little
now for their cereal as token.
At time when the military so des-
perately needs to attract the better type
Americans to the service and to avoid
military service in the same category
with inmates of the jail seems hardly in
the best interest of our nation. if not
downright subversive. The fact is that
the members of the military forces serve
their country proudly, some because they
enjoy soldering, some possibly because Of
a feeling of patriotism, others possibly
for lack Of better job, but most at
considerable sacrifice
AS for the dairy farmers, I can also
speak with some authority, since tech
nically own dairy farm which produces
milk for the Washington market. I say
technically own" advisedly, since ac-
tually the holders of the mortgages on
the farm own me. The "monopolistic
arrangement for the benefit of the
farmer" appeals to me, since it would
seem to have some promise of benefits.
have yet to enjoy these benefits, but
Evening star., 1950-06-20
Letters to The Star
A pseudonyn1 is permissible only
1DIlen letter carries correct name
and address of 1oriter. Please be brief.

live In hopes. Like many other dairy
farmers. I participate in freely organ
lied farm cooperative which operates
according to the dictates of modern mar
kettng methods on farm marketing prin-
clpleS recommended or approved by one
department Of the Government, nonethe-
less somewhat to the CONSERVATION of
another department Of the Government.
To determine factually the real bene-
fits accruing to the dairy farmer, I sug-
gest it might be an interesting exercise
for you to determine what portion Of the
milk consumers dollar goes to the
farmer. More specifically. as it concerns
the immediate issue of the strike, it might
be even more interesting to compare the
average farmers net income with that Of
the average milk truck driver. And If
you want to make a really interesting
comparison, compare the average milk
truck drivers pay with that of the aver
age dairy farm worker. If you would
accept this challenge, I suggest you not
try to compare work weeks, since neither
the dairyman nor the dairy cow under
stands the 40-hour work week, or even
48-hour work week. The dairyman feels
fortunate to get an occasional Sundays
relief from his chores, chores that nor
mally start at $3.50 in the morning seven
days week. and end with the compile
ton Of the afternoon milking about
6 o'clock.
AS long as the country produces men
who will voluntarily devote their lives to
the care Of the land and the security of
the nation. there is hope for the future.
But don't start throwing brickbats at
them because the city dairies and the city
milk truck drivers couldn't agree on wages
and hours incomprehensible to either the
soldier or the farmer, neither of whom
enjoys the privilege of participating in
organized strikes, If indeed a privilege
1t be.
B. E. Allen,
Colonel, USAF.
Evening star., 1950-06-20
Questions and Answers

The stars readers can get the answer "a
any question OF fact by either writing The
NV. Washington s, D. C.. and inclosine 3 cents
return postage, or By telephontnK ST. 5000.
Evening star., 1950-06-20
Hoover Report Box Score, Up to Date

The tpriter OF this article is president
of Temple University and chairman of
the Citizens Committee for the Hooper
Report.
Evening star., 1950-11-20
Sen. Leahy 10 Be Honored
AT Reception and Dinner

Senator Leahy, Democrat, of
Rhode Island, who is ending an
interim term in the Senate, will
be guest at reception and dinner
Saturday, December 9, at $50
pm. at the Mayhower Hotel.
He has served in the Senate
since August, 1949, following the
resignation of j. Howard McGrath
to become Attorney General. His
successor in the Senate. Gov. John
o. Pastore, is to take Office early
in December A graduate of Brown
University and Georgetown Uni
versity Law School, Senator Leahy
formerly was a judge in Rhode
Island and held State finance
Offices for many years.
Theodore Jaffe, Washington
attorney, heads the committee for
the reception and dinner. Others
on the committee are William L.
Connolly, director of the Bureau
of Labor Standards; Maurice
Crane, George E. Clifford, Miss
Anne Dolan, Mrs. Arthur Donnelly
David j. Doyle, Eugene Gilmartin,
Miss Marion Gilmore, James F.
Harahan, Edward Heroux, Edward
j. Higgins, Francis ]. Herman,
George Kelly, Frederick C. Kill
guss, Robert T. Murphy, Joseph
A. Roney and George friedman.
Evening star., 1950-11-20

slavia for it's fight for independ-
ence from the Cominform.
Charles F. Howard, Negro law
yer of Des Moines, Iowa. stoutly
denied Mr.. Rogge's assertion that
the congress was a tool of Rus
sian foreign policy.
He said Mr.. Rogge was regis
tered at Washington as a paid
agent of the government of Yugo-
slavia. and II think this con-
gress should evaluate his speech
in the light of his employment -
Mr.. Howard was keynoter of the
1948 Progressive Party conven-
tion in the United States. Mr..
Rogge was a member of the Ma