davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-07-04

the peace campaign"-as. for instance.
the Catholic bishops, or religious sects
such as Jehovah's Witnesses or Bible.
reading associations-are accused of act
ing against peace for the interests of
American imperialists."
The campaign achieved some success
F. In the West. In France, in the Paris dis
trict alone. 2 million signatures were coll
lected; in Italy. the population of Rome
provided $4,000 signatures and Milan
yielded 250, 1000.
The purpose behind this campaign is
manifold. First Of all, there is genuine
striving to avert the danger Of an atomic
attack by the United States. American
production OF atomic weapons is un-
doubtedly much greater than that Of
Soviet Russia, as it Is estimated that the
latter will possess but six atomic bombs
by autumn Of this year. Hence, the
Soviet endeavor to mobilize world public
opinion against the possibility of Amer
ica's using the atomic bomb before the
Soviets get even in this deadly compe-
tition.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Frances New Government.

The government headed by Henri Queuille
from September, 1948 to October, 1949 still holds
the record for longevity among all the govern
ments that have come and gone in postwar
france Accordingly, now that he has become
premier again, succeeding Georges Bidault, the
Dig question Is whether he and his new cabinet
VIII manage to stay in Office comparable length
OF ume The answer is anybodys guess, but
the chances seem to be against repeat per-
formance
This is SO for the reason t.1at the Socialists.
wholly apart from the Communists, apparently
are very reluctant to cooperate with the new
government, which means that Premier Queuille
will have to try to work some kind of leeer-
oemaln to hold the parliamentary support of the
multiplicity of parties that are little left of
center, center, and right of center As one of
frances most accomplished politicians. he NAV
be able to do this, but it will not be easy unless
the international crisis caused by the Korean
war has the effect of promoting national unity
and subordinating partisan politics.
Himself a Radical Socialist conservative
Mr.. Queuille has formed q cabinet made I'm
chiefly OF members of his own party and the
Catholic Popular Republicans. Several mem
bers OF the defeated Bidault government remain
IN ONCE, with Mr.. Bidault staying on as Vice
Premier and Robert Schuman as Foreign Minister
Mr.. Schuman's retention-which has come as mo
surprise-will undoubtedly be helpful to the
negotiations now being carried out by France
Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries
In connection with his plan for merging Western
Europe's coal and steel resources
Fundamentally. however, the oueuille gov
ernment seems shaky. Its makeup is more
conservative than any of its postwar predeces-
sors, and 1t is therefore likely to face numerous
challenges from big and little parties ranging
from the extreme left to the extreme right If
1t is to be reasonably long-lived, it will need
Socialist support on crucial issues. Lacking that
and conceivably the Socialists will Cooperate
because OF grave new international tensions
1t will be hard put to survive very long.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Bottle Of Roinbows

All day battle ragged along the sand
An ofs|lore iDiitd against the charging
sea,
And euery ,DaUe came rushing to,pard
the land
With hammered rdinboiDs flying
CALAMITY.
A day OF raitboaus! Hour by hour
iDent by
And still those undeteated colors fen
In dazzling ntists against the summer
sky,
Purple and red and emerald and blue.
At erery gust, the glittering plunres pers
flung 3
Back from the shoulders OF the
advancing tide
Until at last d Dictory tDds iDrn1g
From, DeGTy tDinds that otDned defeat
and died.
Then color faded from the rainbotr dag
And darkness hid all memory of
the fray.
INEZ BARCLAY KIRBY. /
Evening star., 1950-07-04
By BoIesIow Wierzbionski


T oNDoN.-The widespread collecting
= Of signatures under the Declaration
of the Stockholm Congress for Peace"
is nearly finished in the republics of
Peoples Democracy" and in other coun-
tries. especially those of Western Europe.
The whole action. Of course, has been ar.
ranged by the Cominform.
The Declaration itself condemns war.
demands that the use Of atomic weapons
be forbidden--without any mention
whatsoever Of practical and realistic
guarantees proposed in the American
atomic control program-and requests
that the government which first launches
atomic warfare be condemned as a war
criminal.
A huge propaganda machine, including
radio and press and network of agents.
has been set in motion everywhere. Com
munist agitators circulate by tl1rees all
over Warsaw, Prague. Budapest and
other larger and smaller towns, and col
lect signatures of supporters. The report
accepted by the Polish Committee Of the
Defenders Of Peace in Warsaw on June
II said that 100000 "activists," organized
in $4,000 committees. had covered every
single street, every house and fiat and
every country village.
The same was happening in other
countries behind the Iron Curtain. Ac-
cording to the reports heard at the World
Congress Of Defenders of Peace in Paris,
Z million signatures were collected In
Hungary, 6 million in Bulgaria, 10 mil
lion in Rumania, 9,5 million in Czecho-
Slovakia, ID million In Poland, IA million
In Eastern Germany. In Austria, the
number OF 100000 was oyerreached.
Circles preserving q neutral attitude to
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Fourth Of July, 1850

There is no point or use in celebrating Inde-
pendence Day this year unless it is done in the
spirit Of liberty as it was known and practiced
by the founders of the Nation No mere COM
memoration Of their patriotism and courage will
sufice. The demands which events are making
upon living generations of Americans are such
that 1t would be mockery to observe the Fourth
OF July in 1850 as it casually was observed in less
compelling times. Life is laying upon us the same
commandments which inspired our revolutionary
fathers in 1776
No intelligent citizen can question this SOL
emn fact. We exist now on the razor edge be-
tween freedom and disaster. If we are to survive
the prevailing ordeal, we must do so by the de-
velopment OF the same imperatives as those
which inspired washington and Jefferson. The
choice we are obliged to make is identic in char
acter with theirs. But the impact of our decision
cannot be limited, as their decision was, to our
own country. The inscription on the Liberty
Bell, it will be remembered, is: Proclaim liberty
throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants
thereof" Quoted from the tenth verse Of the
25th chapter of the Book of Levticus, these words
originally related only to the Hebrew people Of
Judea. They referred specifically to the manu-
mission Of chattel slaves in the jubilee Year.
When the Liberty Bell was cast in 1852 the
significance Of the inscription was little changed.
Even when the bell was employed to announce
Colonial independence, the meaning still was
liked and clear, concerning only few million
persons at the most. But that is not the case
today. Liberty cannot be restricted to any single
country or community or class or creed. History
has given the citation from Leviticus new, a
modern correlation. Scholars checking the Ian
guage Of the inscription in its Hebrew form have
declared that the term "eretz,' generally trans
lated "land," means quite as truly "the earth"
So 1t appears in the beginning of the oath Psalm:
The earth is the Lords and the fulness thereof;
the world, and they that dwell therein"
Here, then, is something to ponder on July
4, 1850. Fifty-three copies of the Liberty Bell are
sounding today not merely throughout all the
land" but actually throughout all the earth,
wherever people are free and wish to remain free
and wherever people are not free but wish to
win their freedom. The challenge Of this circum-
stance should be felt by every American worthy
OF the name. We are facing the future as WASH
ington and Jefferson did and are .motivated BY
their spirit
Evening star., 1950-07-04
De TocquevilIe on Two Worlds

AS it now appears that we have drawn
. line against the further extension Of
Communist Russia, it seems timely to
recall the words Of Alexis de Tocqueville,
written more than lis years ago:
There are, at the present time (1835),
two great nations in the world which
seem to tend towards the same end,
although they started from different
points. allude to the Russians and the
Americans. Both of them have grown
up unnoticed: and whilst the attention
Of mankind was directed elsewhere, they
have suddenly assumed most prominent
place amongst the nations; and the world
learned their existence and their great
ness at almost the same time.
"All other nations seem to have nearly
reached their natural limits. and only to
be charged with the maintenance of their
power: but these are still in the act Of
growth: all the others are stopped, or
continue to advance with extreme diff
celebrity along path to which the human
eye can assign no term. The American
struggles against the natural obstacles
which oppose him; the adversaries of the
Russian are men; the former combats the
WAucTueS6 ana savage UIe, the IaCCers
civilization with all its weapons and its
arts: the conquests of the one are there
fore gained by the ploughshare; those of
the other by the sword.
'"The Anglo-American relies upon per-
sonal interest to accomplish his ends and
gives free scope to the unguided exertions
and common-sense Of the citizens; the
Russian centres all the authority of So
ciety in single arm: the principal ins
strument Of the former is freedom; Of the
later. servitude. Their starting point Is
different. and their courses are not the
same; yet each of them seems to be
marked out by the will of Heaven to sway
the destinies of half the globe"
May we as a people take good care Of
our half!
Nathan Boone williams.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
In the National Interest

The AFL switchmen have turned down an
appeal by the chairman of the National Mediation
Board that they call off, in the national interest
their strike against i've railroads.
This appeal from the board chairman, John
Thad Scott, jr., was inspired by the current
critical developments" arising from the Korean
war. The union officers were left unmoved.
however. by this appeal.
In all fairness to them, there has been no
snoW1ng that the strike actually has had any
enect on the lighting. And the union leaders
say tney stand ready to help move any material
the Government deems essential. It is also
true that the President, by his insistence that
we are not at war, has tended to encourage an
attitude OF indifference on the part of those who
DO not want to let events in far-off Korea in
terfere with doing what they please at home.
Nevertheless, the refusal to call of this
strike-an unjustif1ed strike If there ever was
one-gives preview OF serious problem which
may lie ahead The President, in q necessary
and proper exercise of his powers, has ordered
American troops into Korea. They will fight
there and some of them will be killed there.
This can be justified only on the ground of ma
uonal necessity. But If the national interest
requires that American boys be sent into combat
on the other side of the world, that same ma
uonal interest requires that they be given the
fullest support by those of us who remain here
at home It would be little short of criminal
70 permit strike or lockout to deprive them of
neeoed support or to delay its arrival The Presi-
dent having assumed the responsibility for send
ing the troops into action, must also meet the
responsibility OF seeing to 1t that everything
possible Is done to back them .up.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Local Crockdowns Are Effective

The Senate Commerce Subcommittees
Nationwide survey of race news services pro-
vides an encouraging picture of gambling trends
In the Washington area. The study revealed no
race news tickers closer to Washington than
Bowie Maryland. This is in striking contrast
to the situation when United States Attorney
Fay and the District grand jury launched their
drive on the bookmaking and numbers rackets
last year. The results prove the effectiveness of
determined action by law enforcement author
tiles under existing laws. And testimony before
the subcommittee by number of State attorneys
general supported the view that local agencies
can cope with gambling If they really want to
crack down.
When Mr.. Fay opened his drive on the COM
munications centers of gamblers, he found rs
ticker drops Just outside the District line,
mostly in nearby Prince Georges County. Mr..
Fay requested Western Union to discontinue
these ticker services on the ground that they were
being used for illegal purposes. The action was
taken under a Federal Communications Commis-
sion rule forbidding utilities from supplying
services to subscribers shown by competent law
enforcement authorities to be using them in
violation of gambling or other laws. This FEC
tariff provision is a potent weapon for police
to use in their war on ganlbling-but few police
departments have availed themselves of it.
Instead, the cry has been raised at crime con-
ferences for more Federal aid and more Federal
legislation.
One attorney general Norman B. Gray, Of
wyoming, bluntly told the subcommittee he be-
leved that gambling exists in his State "only
because the local officials charged with enforce
ment utterly fail to observe the obligations of
their constitutional oath of office" Attorney
General Kemp of Louisiana said that the States
laws are sufficient to stamp out gambling with
out necessity of Federal Intervention. What
happened here shows what could happen else
where If present laws were enforced-and par
tcularly If police were inclined to make wider
use of the FEC rule against illegal use of wire
facilities. Failure of local authorities to do their
duty does not justify Federal invasion of the
gambling field.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
MoIoyo, Indo-Chino and Korea

Although it may prove to be extremely opti-
mistic, the hope still remains that the war in
Korea will be confined to the territory of that
country and that our direct American military
Intervention, with the full backing of the over
whelming majority of the United Nations, will
succeed in routing the Communist invaders with
out a greatly protracted struggle.
Assuming the best-assuming that the Chi
nese Reds do not send heavy forces into the
battle and that the Soviet Union does not 60 all
out in support of its Korean puppets-we can be
reasonably certain that this grim action against
naked Communist aggression can be localized in
way that will keep it from exploding into
general world war. At the present moment how
ever, even If we take for granted that such an
explosion can be prevented, we cannot be sure of
how much time will be required to drive the in
vaders back beyond the 3sth parallel
Actually, although there is some reason to
hope otherwise prudence suggests that we steel
ourselves to the possibility of long struggle. In
this connection, we could do worse than take
note of what the British and French have been
experiencing in two other 'hot wars in ASIA
These wars-in Malaga and -China-have
not received great deal of publicity in the
United States, and they are overshadowed right
now by the more pressing and more ominous
Korean crisis But they are nonetheless highly
significant both in themselves and as samples of
what our forces conceivably may have to face
In Korea.
The struggle in Malaya-the worlds richest
source of natural rubber-has been going on
since June of 1948 The enemy is made up chiefly
of Chinese Communists who have been terror
izing the country with sabotage and with "kill-
and-run" raids To deal with the situation, the
British according to their own figures, have been
operating on full scale with $4,000 regular
troops a newly arrived 2,0O0-man contingent of
the celebrated Gurkha fighters, and a strong
element of the Royal Air Force Yet despite this
of action is in the thick jungle (which happily
has helped to keep casualties very Hght), the
Red marauders are still marauding.
Similarly but on much larger and bloodier
SCALE the French in China have been at
war for the past four years against the Commu-
mist guerrillas of Ho Chi Mini, whose puppet
republic" has the Kremlins full diplo-
matte recognition-is receiving aid from the Chi
nese Reds. good measure of the seriousness
and scope of the operations is the fact that
France, which is devoting about half its total
defense budget to the struggle, has 10000 of its
best troops in action against Ho. But there is
no evidence as yet that this big expeditionary
force, which has suffered heavy casualties, is
anywhere near winning decisive victory.
Clearly enough, in view jof the British and
French experience in Malaga and Indo-China, 1t
would be foolhardy to bank on a quick end to
the Korean war. OF course, since the three Situa-
tions are quite different in terms of such things
rs the terrain involved and the type of power
being used, we may hope for the best In 20
Evening star., 1950-07-04

Another reason might lie in Russian
intent to enforce acceptance by the
United States Government Of the Soviet
concept Of control Of the atomic industry.
Russia is most reluctant to agree to an
international body being entrusted with
such control. as that would involve West
ern penetration behind the Iron Curtain.
The Soviet proposal runs: Let us first
condemn the bomb and all using It, and
afterward all agree not to use it III any
war. without any control.
But. beyond all this, the great effort
OF organizing such q widespread collec-
tion OF signatures has been undertaken
by Russia and the regimes Of captive
countries with yet another purpose in
mind: BY placing his signature under
the protest, an individual becomes in
volved in the blasting campaign of anti
Western propaganda.
It is not the signature that matters.
nor even the question of war and peace
itself. The only thing which really mat
ters is to make every citizen signing the
declaration fully aware that Western
warmongers" wish to cause another war.
and that the U. s. S. r. Is the only sup
porter Of peace.
The Communist regimes in captive
countries intend to use the appeal for
peace as means Of reaching the masses,
which In their overwhelming majority
stil stand aloof from their present rulers.
The nnal aim is to draw these masses
closer to the Communists, by inspiring
them with hate of the United States. of
Great Britain and other democracies.
This Is the main purpose, it is said in
Western Europe. of the great effort to
organize collection Of signatures. No
political issues are in view. The COMM
form seeks to bind the populations to
their Communist rulers by discrediting
Amer1ca and her Allies. Why? Because
the destruction Of all friendly ties with
the West is the first and foremost condi-.
tlon OF successful process of Sovietiza-
tion.
NNawtn kn.srfrau N.-.r~~.- AD.>
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Red Peace Drives Really a Hate Drive

The author Is lDell-known pre-
scar Polish ne,Dspaperman, nom Npino
IN London. sg1ao heads the Interna-
tionGl Federation OF Free Journalists
an organization OF sepsmen self t-eriled
from nations notD controlled By the
Communists.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
John Parsons.

notice that the person who wrote a
recent letter to The Star entitled Oppose
Racial Integration" didn't sign his or her
name. would ask: Are you ashamed to
be an American and express your racial
views before the public? believe you are,
and within yourself see the full senseless-
ness OF segregation in modern freedom =.
loving America. Stewart A. Street.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Letters to The Star
A pseudonynr Is permissible only
aohen letter carries correct name
and address of 1Driter. Please be brief.

terprise. We live in time where the
confidence Of the public in bonds. and
in the value Of the dollar, Is being un-
dermined to such degree that not even
the most naive insurance policyholder
expects to receive the same amount of
purchasing power that he has put into
his premium payments when his policy
Is due. Now, the attack is being carried
further into the fields where stockhold-
ers had expected some security from
their equity Investments. The elimina-
ton Of the small investor has gone far.
The discriminatory taxing of his savings
invested in blue chips" corporation stock
should arouse all those who have the
future OF our economy at heart. Is thrift
and confidence in our economic system
to be penalized?
BENJAMIN A. Javits,
President, Independent Investors, Inc.
Stotesmonship and Politics
It is indeed gratifying to all people Of
the United States. who still put states
manship above political pickering, to
note the almost unanimous support given
the administration in It's decision to do
something about saving South Korea
from the Reds. However, I think that
Senator Taft is out Of line in his conten-
tion that Secretary Of State Acaeson
should resign because the decision to
aid the South Korean is. or so Mr.. Taft
claims. reversion Of Mr.. Acheson's
policy as Secretary Of State.
BY comparison would like to call at
tention to MIR. Acheson's statement to the
press when he was asked what part he
thought Stain had in the attack by the
North Koreans. He said he preferred not
to express an opinion on this point, and
the commentator reporting the interview
made the suggestion that this would
enable Stain to save face If he should
decide to respond to the plea Of the
United States for Stain to use his efforts
to help end the hostilities.
This is. in my opinion, good example
Of the kind of craftsmanship needed in
this critical period. We should do all in
our power to increase the prestige of
Statesman Acheson. If any one Is asked
to resign. 1t seems to me that it would
be more fitting to call for the resignation
Of Politician Taft.
J. Buxton Aiken.
Evening star., 1950-07-04

@. What noted person is allowed to
enter the United States at will without
the usual formalities?-E. B.
A. Sister Kenny, the Australian polio
expert, is permitted to enter the United
States without the usual procedure Of
obtaining visa or tax payment.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

Q. Is Egypt in Asia?-D. e. r.
A. Egypt is partly in Africa and partly
IN ASIA because 1t lies on both sides of
the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez.
the dividing line between the two con.
tlnents. The Asiatic portion is In the
Sinai Peninsula. :
Evening star., 1950-07-04

hoping, however, we ought not to overlook the
possibility that our forces may have tough row
TO hoe for months to come-with or without di-
rect Russian Intervention. II Is never wise to be
wishful about grave matters Of this kind.
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Questions and Answers
By Gould Lincoln

:, reader can get the answer tn an, .u...
uon OF tact By writing The Evening Star
ttnioErmatlon' M Bureau. 1900 street NV,
for return postage e.'s
Evening star., 1950-07-04
tNsrth American Newspaper Alliance,

I get . good deal more from reading than
from conversation"
Each and every one Of us who opposed
the basing point legislation has pre-
sented our stand in testimony before con-
gressional committees. So there is moth
ing we could add to any brief we might
hle with Mr.. Lawrence that might change
his views as help to his readers.
George j. Burger,
Vice President, National Federation
Of Independent Business,
Evening star., 1950-07-04
Diminishing Returns

The new fare raise for the Capital
Transit monopoly should really backfire
on them. I am not q student of economics
but DO recall something in the "Princi-
pies OF Economics" studied in school
called "the law Of diminishing returns"
According to the economics book, If you
keep raising your price or fare, you are
going to show decrease in profit be-
cause your product will not sell In the
same quantity as it did at lower price
or fare. What the transit monopoly will
discover is that o much less number
will ride their vehicles.
A lot Of cab drivers are tickled pink at
this new fare raise. y "a
It seems to me that If this company
would spend bit more time on their
public relations insofar as better and
more courteous service is concerned, they
would reap more BENEFITS in fares and
more customers.
Daily Rider.