davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1950-07-07

MOST PEOPLE today consider
~ the Declaration of Indepen-
dence historical move by which
this country set forth its vow for
independence, but lack the imagi-
nation to understand that in the
year 1776 it was startling declara-
ton. In fact, with the possible ex-
ception Of the Bible, and the Mag
ma Charta in 1915, it is one of the
most astonishing documents ever
published by man.
Look at it from the viewpoint
that up until that time in recorded
history no group of men had gath
cred upon the face of the earth and
declared they would rule them
selves, that they were capable Of
ruling themselves.
Before that the ruling of nation
was concentrated in the hands Of a
few men. The masses were not
capable of ruling-that had been
the philosophy of governments
since the beginning of time.
Then, suddenly, a group of men
met in Philadelphia, in a raw and
untried country, and issued docu-
ment that bluntly avoWed: people
have the right to overthrow the gov
eminent under which they live; they
have right to alter or abolish any
government that does not operate
for their good and happiness. That
is startling declaration.
Thus an experiment began that
succeeded and grew. Succeeded so
well, in fact, that it came to be re-
garded as commonplace. And today
the Declaration of Independence is
thought of by school children as a
musty document which many of
them are forced to memorize and
find boring to read. United States
citizens have accepted without res
ervation the idea that all peoples
have a right to overthrow, abolish
and alter any government under
which they live.
THE TIMES in which the men
lived who wrote and signed the
Declaration were troubled times,
much as they are today. Men
I'LL OuSllOuI Tie WOllu we're ueIIldIlO.
ing freedom of action and thought.
An Englishman, DR.. Richard
Price, at the conclusion of the Rev.
dictionary War, wrote: "Perhaps
I do not go too far when l say that,
next to the Introduction of Christian
ity among mankind, the American
revolution may prove the most i'm
portant step in the progressive
course of human Improvement"
DR.. Price was correct. 1t was the
step that started the human race
on new trend of thought-freedom
for ALL
4 nd the time may be coming when
"a the peoples of all the world,
not just nation, will issue their
declaration of independence and
no nation will enslave another or
force its conception of government
on its neighbor. That, too, will be
startling document.
John Adams, who helped COM
pose that Declaration, said: 1.-THE
Revolution was affected before the
war commenced The Revolution
was in the hearts and minds of the
people"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1950-07-07
independence
Is Proclaimed
BY Congress

This news story of the sign
ing of the Declaration of inde-
pendence in 1776 is written as
though the event were occurr-
ing today. Its purpose is to
give this oV-importont docu-
ment the currency it ought to
have these days. The Declare
ton of independence, for all
that it was written ia years
ago, remains predicoted on the
living issue of human freedom.
Consider, as you read, that all
this well might be happening
right now.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1950-07-07

PHILADELPHIA, JULY 4, 1776
These American colonies today
became the United States of Amer
lea as Sc members of the Second
Continental Congress signed a
Declaration of Independence with
out dissenting vote.
The vote came after a long day
Of bitter debate during which many
members of the Congress publicly
said they were not "ready for an
open break with England"
The congress, which had been
meeting behind closed doors for
some time, had been actively work.
ing on the declaration since last
June 10.
Prior to that date, Richard Hen
~ Lee, of Virginia, had introduced
a resolution urging the absolvence
Of all allegiance to the British
crown.
John Dickinson, leader of the con-
sentative middle colonies, opposed
the measure, urging moderation,
Cancellation, and postponement.
On last June 10, however, the
measure was back before the body
and committee was appointed to
draw up the preamble to the reso-
luton.
Members of that committee were
delegates Thomas Jefferson, John
Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger
Sherman, Robert R. Livingston.
Franklin Was Ill
Franklin, who at the time was in
bed with an attack of govt, was I'M
able to assist in the writing of the
declaration. Adams, Sherman, and
sist in the writing since they had
numerous other congressional af-
fairs occupying their time.
The task thus fell upon the Shout
ders of young Thomas jefferson of
Virginia. He submitted his draft to
Congress six days ago.
1t was passed aside, however, and
was not brought back before the
Congress until the first day of this
month when the body resolved it.
self into a committee of the whole
and resumed consideration of Lees
original proposal.
What followed was probably the
most bitter debate in the Second
Congress thus far, members re-
ported.
At one time Benjamin Franklin,
oldest delegate is reported to have
taken the floor to warn the gentle
men that either "they would hang
together or hang separately"
Freedom ESnouSed
The motion placed before the
Congress by Mr.. Lee read:
"That these United Colonies are,
and of right ought to be, free and
independent States, that they are
absolved from all allegiance to the
British crown and that all political
connection between them and the
state of Great Britain is and ought
to be totally dissolved"
AS news of the signing seeped
through this city, a state of I'M
believable surprise was the first re-
action. 1t was quickly overcome,
however, by an undertone of de-
termination and the realization that
full-scale war might soon be a
reality.
Franklin was the oldest of the
signers, while Edward Ruthledge,
~, of Charleston, S. c., was the
youngest. The youngest and the
oldest congratulated each other.
Ruthledge is reported to have
said to Franklin as the two men
shook hands, "Sir, this parchment
must outlive time itself"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1950-07-07

Abra Clark
George Wythe
Richard Henry Lee
TIL. Jefferson
Benja. Harrison
Thos. Nelson, Jr.
Francis Lightfoot Lee
Carter Braxton
Robt. Morris
Benjamin Rush
Benja. Franklin
John Morton
Geo. Clymer
Jas. Smith
Geo. Taylor
Josiah Bartlett
VIM. Nipple
Sanl. Adams
John Adams
Robt. Treat Payne
Eldridge Gerry
Step. Hopkins
William Ellery
Roger Sherman
Samuel Huntington
VIM. Williams
Oliver Woolcott
Matthew Thornton
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Food Costs Remain Stable;
Picnic Supplies Featured

Food prices in the city's gro
cerieS and markets remained
stable today. with ham, chicken
and cold cuts featured in sales in
anticipation of Memorial Day
weekend outings.
The Dun & Bradstreet whole.
sale price index this week climbed
only l cent from a week ago. That
advance put the index at the
highest level since January 25
1949.
The index, representing the
total wholesale cost of a pound
each of 81 general use foods, was
at $3.50 this week. A year age
the index was at S5.74 while the
record high was $7.36 on July 13
1948.
Locally, spring vegetables were
not too plentiful. Food experts
said unfavorable weather has de-
layed the usual influx of vege.
tables and made their procure.
ment difficult. Fruit also is les.
plentiful than usual because o,
adverse weather conditions ir
producing areas.
Meat prices showed no appreci.
able change over last weeks prices
Strawberry shipments from Vir-
ginia, Maryland and other State.
were picking.
Evening star., 1950-05-25

The result was two figures. One
was of sad, worn, elderly
woman; the other of girl, hands
together in supplication. tears
running down her face.
The figures were given to Mrs.
La Du by the girl because you
understood. and I had to get it
out of my system The girl is
now doing commercial art work
and taking lessons in ceramics
and sculpture.
In the 10 years Mrs. La Du
has been superintendent, the
physical appearance of the re-
formatory has undergone many
changes.
Women Design Windows.
Two shops in a tar paper COW
cred wooden building were turned
into a chapel. The ivory colored
pews were made by inmates OF
the mems division. The window
shades. the altar trappings and
the stained glass windows were
done by the women.
The designs for the gaily hued
panes Of religious scenes came
from the f1ngertips of a drug ad-
dict with a college degree in art.
A storeroom has been converted
Evening star., 1950-05-25

though, that while it might be "a
diverting utilitarian prospect. to
do so might lead again to traffic
in slavery"
II tried to be funny" said DR.
Britton. "The suggestion that
apes. already almost annihilated
by the worlds greatest predator
man, might be lifted higher on
the evolutionary scale by arti-
fetal breeding, is not original
with me. All I did was quote
other physiologists on the subject
and remark that creation of a
new type of beast might again
lead to traffic in slavery.
Il realize now that slavery was
the wrong word. 1 was discuss
ing better beasts, not subhumans.
Horses and dogs are not conSid-
cred slaves. Nor would the product
Of an effort to save chimpanzees
and gorillas from a biological
blind alley be considered a slave
The physiologist said he would
be the first to agree that the pos
sible up-breeding of apes would
raise moral and ethical questions
which would have to be faced. He
noted that questions of this ma
ture were raised when the 60
ahead was given on the atom
bomb.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Commissioners Call ParIey
On Imported Milk Ban

The Commissioners will hold a
closed conference at 10 am. next
Thursday on the scheduled ban
on importation of milk from out
side the Washington milkshed.
The city issued an order last
December which would reimpose
the ban on June 80. Importation
OF milk began during the war,
when a shortage developed here.
Late last year officials of the
Maryland Virginia Milk Pro-
ducers' Association informed the
Commissioners that within six
months all necessary, milk could
be supplied within the area.
At the conference with milk
producers and Health Department
officials, the Commissioners will
review the situation to decide
whether supplies within the area
will be adequate.
. Also to be considered are the
requirements that dairy farm
utensils be sterilized by steam. as
opposed to chemical methods said
to be cheaper.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Course Worked Out
For June 5 Opening
OF Police Academy

Final details of a police re-
fresher course next month were
being worked out today by Inspec-
tor Arthur E. Miller, who heads
police training schools.
The four-week course will begin
June 5. It is known as the Police
Academy and is the first academy
session since 1947. Until this year,
training of recruits has prevented
use of facilities by the academy.
But the number of recruits has
fallen off as the department has
edged nearer it's quota of almost
1000 men and the academy will
be held periodically until every
man on the force has taken the
refresher course, Inspector Mil
Ter said.
A maximum of 40 men will
attend each course. open to police
up to and including the rank OF
captain. Privates must have served
five years on the force to attend
Featured in the revitalized
course will be lectures by repre-
sentatives of the FBI, Secret Serv-
ice, coroner's Office, hospitals
postal inspection service, United
States Attorneys Office and news
papers. Judges from Municipal
and District Court have been in
vited to speak.
Men attending the course will
be in class at police headquarters
six hours a day. six days a week.
Inspector Miller said the June
class will comprise 80 men up to
! lieutenant.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Board Studies Harlem Club
Defense on Liquor Permit

The Alcoholic Beverage Control
Board today has under study the
defense presented by the owner
OF the Club Harlem that she ap-
Piled for restaurant license sew
eral months before she applied
for a liquor permit.
Mrs. Paula B. Peterson. the
owner. Is charged with making a
sworn statement in her applica-
ton Tor q liquor license that she
mad a restaurant license. when.
according to c. T. NOTTINGHAM
superintendent Of licenses. she did
not apply for one until several
months later.
A public accountant testified
yesterday that the application for
a restaurant license was made last
October and the application for a
liquor license. on January 8. Mr..
Nottingham said his records show
the club made application for a
restaurant license last March %.
Meanwhile. the board suspended
the liquor license OF the Macomb
Restaurant. 1898 Wisconsin ave-
nue. NV. for three days. begin
ming at 8 am. June 5. for permit
ting an intoxicated man to re-
main on the premises.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Underpinnine Finished
By White House Worker:

Workmen at the White House
have virtually completed the 1875
concrete piers necessary as under
pinning to support the walls and
floors of the building now being
Ireconditioned.
The Commission in charge Of
the project announced yesterday
through Mai. Gen. Glen E. Edger-
ton, executive director, that the
job is coming along ahead of
schedule, but that the date for
completion is still October. 1851.
The Commission will announce its
decision on disposal of souvenir
materials from the construction
job after June Is, the deadline
for answering its QUESTIONABLE to
Congressman.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Come-dnd-G Plan Set Up
For impatient Postal Patrons

Washington residents who feel
that urgent mail is being delayed
by the new one-a-day delivery
system can come and get it,"
the Post Office announced today.
District Postmaster Roy M.
North said substations have been
instructed to help make available
vital mail that may be delayed
by the new system.
One-a-day deliveries to resi-
dental areas were adopted Mon
day. Downtown business estab-
lishments will continue to receive
three deliveries a day. Postmas-
ter General Donaldson ordered the
Nationwide curtailment as an
economy measure.
Post Office officials said that
about 80 per cent of the days mail
was delivered on the first run in
the past. Now. however, even a
larger percentage goes out in the
morning because carriers start
Evening star., 1950-05-25

into a snug, pleasant library,
where the women visit twice a
week and browse on Saturdays.
Il merely have ideas - the
women execute them" Mrs. La Du
said.
PicnicS Held in Pavilion.
When the old laundry was torn
down several years ago. Mrs. La
Du asked that the cement floor be
left. This now serves as a pavilion
for picnics. outdoor meetings and
dances.
| Speaking of the lack of space
and facilities, the superintendent
said: Il put a person in a corner
here and there to work at this
and that. If we waited for things
we wouldn't get anything started.
Another completed project o.
the prisoners is their little thea.
ter. which serves as auditorium
and classroom. The stage screen.
were made from mattress covers
discarded by the CCC. The dror
curtain depicts a scene on MAR
street, lamp post and all.
Artist Was Realistic.
"The artist wanted to put g
drunk in it," Mrs. La Du laughed
but I said that would be toe
realistic"
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Ry the Assoeioted Press

CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va, May
25.-A physiologist whose recent
suggestion that apes be bred arti-
ficially with humans remained un-
rufled in the face Of heavy gusts
Of criticism.
"It's time to stop fooling around
with fruit flies and start on the
apes" said DR.. Sydney William
Britton of the University of Vir-
ginia
The scientist said he would like
nothing better than to go to AZ
rica or some other region con-
genial to mans biological cousins
and to launch such a project.
He made the observations in
an interview yesterday-the first
since he mentioned the subject
last month before a meeting o1
the National Academy Of Sci
ences in Washington.
Reams of critical letters have
come in DR.. Britton's mail since
the Washington meeting. There
speaking mainly upon the prob.
able effect that gravity played ir
the development of mans brain
he dropped in remark about
prodding the apes out OF the
evolutionary rut by artificial cross
breeding with human. He added
Evening star., 1950-05-25

There are two dozen full-time
talent scouts in the Lorton Re-
formatory for Women.
Under the discerning eye Of
Supt. Blanche L. La Du, the % Off
GERS are constantly on the lookout
for the particular bents of the
$50 to 200 prisoners.
Latent talent is being discovered
and developed in the ceramics
class. which was started by Mrs.
La Du in 1948. Not only does it
help the women adjust to prison
life. the superintendent said. but
it gives them a trade when they
leave.
First offenders. second offend
ers, women with long sentences
and those with 80 days like to
model the wet clay. after the days
work is finished. 1t offers a con-
trast to the processing Of food
table service, cooking, general
cleaning, and sewing.
Serves as Escape Valve.
AS a creative art, it also serves
as an escape valve for the wom-
ems emotions. Mrs. La Du tells
Of a former colored prisoner who
asked to use the clay room shortly
after the death of her mother.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Students in Area Win
Many Maryland U.
Honors and Awards

Students living in the Washing
ton Metropolitan Area captured
many of the high honors and
awards presented last night at all
assembly of the University OF
Maryland.
One Of the highest, the Alpha
Lambda Delta award, went to
Miss Barbara r. Carpenter, 4804
College avenue. College Park. She
is the daughter of Prof. Ray w
Carpenter. head of the univer-
sity's agricultural engineering de.
partment. and a senior in the Col
lege of Arts and Sciences. She
was honored on the basis of a
scholastic average of 3.76 for three
and one-half years, highest in hei
group.
Miss Carpenter also won the
Delta Gamma scholarship aWar
to the senior with the highest
average.
The highest possible rating i.
40.
With a top average of 3.e3
Thomas E. Hainsworth. TOOL Pyle
road. Bethesda. won the Dtnall
Berman Memorial Award fol-
sophomores in engineering. His
parents are Mr.. and Mrs. Regi-
nald G. Hainsworth.
Seniors considered to have done
most for campus dramatics are
Miss Bettye w. Smith. daughter
Of Mrs. Hortense Smith, 90 Rit-
tenhouse street NV, and Ken
nard B. Calfee. son of Mr., and
Mrs. Walter B. Calfee, 53l6 Pat
terson road. Riverdale. They re-
ceived the Charles B. Hale dra-
matics awards.
Rosenbaum Memorial Founda.
tion awards for excellence in He
brew studies were presented tc
Miss Miriam Ezekiel. daughter OF
DR.. and Mrs. Walter N. Ezekiel
3105 Thirty-fourth street NV,
and lamar e. Solon. Baltimore.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
Halter Is Found Guilty
OF Assault in Shooting
That Para|yzed Friend

A District Court jury today
found Harold L. Halter. 26, guilty
of assault with a dangerous weap-
on for firing shot which wound
ed and paralyzed a friend.
At the same time the jury ac-
quilted Halter of the more serious
charge of assault with intent to
kill the friend, Peter E. Bramp-
ton, %.
The jury deliberated about an
hour. Judge James w. Morris,
who presided at the trial, did not
set a date for sentencing but or
dered Halter to jail pending SEN
tence. The maximum penalty for
assault with a dangerous weapon
is from three years and four
months to 10 years.
In his instructions to the jurors
Judge Morris had told them they
could find Halter guilty on either
of the two counts but not on both
or could return a verdict of not
guilty on both counts.
Mr.. Brampton is still in Emerg-
ency Hospital and able to move
only his arms as a result of bullet
wound inflicted in the neck last
July 80. The shooting took place
after the victim had helped the
defendant to his home in the $500
block of Tunlaw road NV, after
the two had attended an office
picnic. Both men were clerks at
the United Mine Workers head
quarters at the time.
TeStifies From Stretcher.
Lying on a stretcher, wheeled
into District Court, Mr.. Brampton
yesterday told the jury he and
several others assisted Halter into
the defendants Tunlaw road
apartment. After the others had
left, Mr.. Brampton testified, Hat
ter emerged from bedroom into
the living room with a pistol.
Mr.. Brampton testified that,
when Halter appeared with the
gun, he asked jokingly: What
are you doing with that gun?
You are not going to shoot me,
are you?" He said Halter replied,
eyes"
The witness said Halter shot
him once in the neck and at
tempted to shoot him again but
missed. Then Halter put the gun
in the victims hand, Mr.. Bramp-
ton testified.
Both Halter and Mr.. Brampton
testified they had been on
friendly terms.
Brother TeStifies.
Another defense witness was a
brother of the defendant, Blythe
A. Halter. 812 Jefferson street
NV, who testified Mr.. Brampton
told him to tell the defendant mot
to worry" that the shooting was
not Intentional.
Defense Attorney Denny Hughes,
in final argument to the jury,
declared his client was dead
drunk" and that the shooting was
accidental.
Assistant United States Attor-
ney Grace B. Stiles argued that
1t was up to the jury to decide
whether Halter was so drunk that
he was unable to have a specific
intent to shoot with intent to kill.
DR.. William r. Strong, Gov
ernment witness, testified that
only through a miracle" could
Mr., Brampton get we'll.
Halter is married and has q
one-year-old daughter.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
MattingIy Made Captain
In D. {. Fire Department

1t. Aubrey B. Mattingly today
was promoted to captain in the
Fire Department, effective June |
On recommendation of Fire
Chief j. A. Mayhem, the Com
missioners promoted 1t. Mattingly
to the vacancy created by eleva-
ton of Capt. j. r. Best to bat
talon chief.
In other promotions, Sergt. Ray
mond p. Weber was made a lieu
tenant and Pvt. Owen r. Dooley
was made sergeant, both effec-
tive June l.
Chief Mayhem said the men had
received Civil Service Commission
certification and were first on
their respective lists for promo
ton.
Evening star., 1950-05-25

their runs an hour later-at $3.50
am. The extra hour permits
mail from later trains arriving
here to go out in the morning.
But persons who want their
mail more quickly will be provided
"call boxes" at substations, Mr.
North said. They will rent for
about So for three months. he
stated. A large number of call
box customers probably will be
owners of small business estab-
lishments not in the downtown
area, Mr.. North said. Such busi-
nesses receive only one delivery
a day under the new system.
Similar service is now provided
in the form of "lock boxes" at
about six substations for persons
who want to pick up their mail
the postmaster explained. but nc
new lock boxes are available at
this time. The call boxes would be
less elaborate.
Evening star., 1950-05-25
New Investigation
Asked in Hanging Of
Maryland Student
BY the Asseeioted Press

WOODLAND BEACH, Md, May
25.-A renewed investigation OF
the death of a high school fresh
man found hanging from a pine
tree was asked yesterday on the
eve of the boys funeral.
That boy had no reason fol
what happened" said Roy Best
grandfather of 15-year-old Robert
Crawford.
Young Bob was unhappy, but
not respondent, because an injury
had temporarily kept him off the
Woodland Beach baseball team,
Mr.. Best said. His torn knee
cartilage was healing"
A neighbor discovered Bob Mon
day morning near the cottage ir
which he lived with his mother
and grandparents at this com.
munity, near Beverly Beach. Hi.
body was suspended by three
leather belts buckled together ane
fastened to a tree limb.
Watched New TV Set.
He had left the house about
pm. Sunday after watching new
television set.
Frederick L. Mason, a friend o1
the family, said he, the youths
| father, Malcolm H. Crawford, anc
mother, Mrs. Dorothy Shank, hao
spoken with DR.. John M. Claffy
about the certified verdict of sui
eide.
DR.. Claffy, Anne Arundel County
medical examiner who pronounced
the verdict Monday night, said he
advised them to consult Baltimore
Morgue examiners who autopsieo
the body.
Mr.. Mason said the family and
friends were searching for clues.
No Marks of Struggle.
DR.. Claffy reported earlier the
boy died by strangulation. He
denied there were marks of a
struggle.
County Police Sergt. D. Brooke
Meade said last night the medical
examiners verdict had been ac-
cepted.
Mr.. Crawford, a Washington
truck driver. and the boys mother
are divorced. Her second HUSBAND
died a few years ago.
Services for young Crawford
were to be held this afternoon
with burial in Fort Lincoln Gene
terry, Washington.