davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-10-27
Further Building curbs

Although the National Production Authority's
latest curb on construction is aimed specifically
at amusement recreational and entertainment
projects, the repercussions will be felt far outside
that sector of the building industry. For the
order contains threat of future crackdowns on
many other types of construction not properly
classidable as essential to defense. It is clear
that the Government is alerting the industry to
the prospect of further drastic restrictions in the
interest of conserving materials needed for the
developing rearmament program and thus re-
tarding the dangerous inf1ationary spiral which
threatens the whole defense effort.
The NPA included in it's ban on new theaters,
bowling alleys and the like warning that other
construction not strictly needed for national
security may have to be halted at some later date
Builders who proceed with such enterprises, it
was frankly stated, will be running the risk of
stop-order if the need for further conservation
of critical supplies should arise The mere serv-
ing of this notice will have restraining effect on
all future construction not directly connected
with national security 1t will not be easy to find
capital for such uncertain undertakings.
Harsh as the latest order is, it is logical
further-step in the stern conservation, antrim
fation program. 1t would have been absurd to
impose restrictions on home building without
any checkren on buildings intended for amuse-
ment recreation. The housing restrictions
were effected through credit controls, which
make it harder to buy homes. But this indirect
approach already has had a jolting impact on
the home construction industry. To have al
lowed the steel, cement copper and other mate
rials saved by the housing cutback to go into
dance halls, skating rinks and swimming pools
would not have made sense. Neither does it
make much sense incidentally, to restrict pri-
vate housing construction and permit public
housing free rein. The NPA should make sure
that the conservation program is applied as
broadly and equitably as possible.
Evening star., 1950-10-27

which built up the Tibetans' natural
spirit of isolation, on the theory that
here was an ideal buffer state between
China and India. At any rate. that
spirit has never been stronger than in
this century. Like Mao, Chang Kai-
shek thought his government should con-
troll Tibet. His officials were ousted from
Lhasa in July, 1949. year ago, the
Dalai Lama sent scroll to President
Truman, in which he referred to Tibet
as "a wholly independent country"
Statistically, at least, Tibet is dis
tinguished place. 1t is, for instance, the
Evening star., 1950-10-27
Jane Fosdick.
Nationalist

The article by Thomas L. Stokes in
your issue of October 20 is an exaggera-
tion and Misrepresentation of the objec-
tive of the United Nations. It's sole
purpose is to maintain the peace, after
the Big Five nations have secured the
peace.
The Red White and Blue was good for
my forefathers, and it's good enough
for me. Pearl w. Norman
Evening star., 1950-10-27
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer to
any question of fact by either writing The
NV, Washington s. D. c.. and inclosing cents
return postage. or by telephontng ST. 5000.
Extension 35S.
Evening star., 1950-10-27
Alfred Kohlberg.

cision upholding the literal prohibition
OF mingling Of races on school premises
at prescribed hours raises a significant
moral or ethical question What actually
constitutes loyalty in regard to Ameri-
can ideals and principles? With our cur
rent and constant preoccupation with
national loyalty We have turned ex-
clusively to the problem of who is loyal
to the Communist creed; we have not
yet focused our attention on those who
sare not loyal to the democratic ideal.
If we recall the fact that Americas
Department of State spends millions on
a systematic program of keeping the
world informed on the American pattern
of democracy, we can readily conclude
that our official policy is designed to
reconcile democratic practice with DEM
ocratic principle. If lesser factions within
the democratic system persist in pro-
claiming their unwillingness. indeed de-
terminedness, to refute the prescribed
policy of the national Government, the
thoughtful observer might we'll conclude
that we have need for assessing loyalty
in a more specific and concrete sense of
its practical meaning.
Disloyalty to the American ideal should
be no less seriously regarded than loyalty
to the Communist creed Only a con-
sistent and sincere and literal regard for
our alleged ideal will save us in the con-
temporary clash of political and social
ideologies.
Margaret Just Butcher,
Evening star., 1950-10-27
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. Where was the famous Ishtar
Gate?-S. T L.
A. This gate (remains of which are
extanD was the entrance to "The Sacred
Way" which led to the Palaces of the
Kings and to the Hanging Gardens of
Babylon. The height of this portal was
80 feet.
Evening star., 1950-10-27
Letters to The Star .

Neither peace nor prosperity. neither
freedom nor justice, could flourish in
such a struggle for existence. And it
would not matter in the least how wide
or how narrow the Pacific Ocean is''
1t is most fitting that the Freedom
House award should go to the Secretary
of State who is most credited with bring
ing about the situation against which
Mr. Willkie warned!
... Alfred Kohlberg.
New York
Evening star., 1950-10-27

Pen-nanes may be used if letters carry
aoriters' correct names and addresses.
All letters subject to condensation.
Evening star., 1950-10-27

@. Who wrote the Thirteenth Amend
ment to the Constitution?-G. w.
A. The original draft of the amend
ment abolishing slavery is in the Ma
tional Archives. It consists of only eight
lines. each in different handwriting.
The reason for this is unknown, but it
has been assumed that eight statesmen
had part in the framing and that each
wanted to put his hand to this epochal
document.
Evening star., 1950-10-27

Q. Who said that to improve the world
it is necessary to improve the individual?
e. E.
A. 1t was Madame Curie. who said,
1--WE cannot hope to build better world
without improving the Individual To-
ward this end, each of us must work
toward his own highest development, &C
cepting at the same time his share of
responsibility in the general life of hu-
manity-our particular duty being to
help those to whom we feel we can be
most useful
Evening star., 1950-10-27
Loyolties

New York.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
By the Associated Press

NEW ORLEANS, April Gas
a jury filed in to announce its ver-
dict. the judge stepped down from
his bench and stretched out his
robe to shield the Negro defend
ant.
IF any attempt to injure or kill
the defendant Is made" declared
Criminal District Court Judge
Frank T. Echezabal. sit must be
done through my body"
He said he had heard rumors
the Negro, on trial for shooting
another Negro during an argu-
ment about 2 cents. would be
killed if the jury voted acquittal
which it did.
On trial yesterday was 51-year-
old George Foster, operator of a
restaurant and hotel. He was
charged with the fatal shooting
last December II of Lawson Jo-
seph, %.
The State contended Foster shot
Joseph during an argument after
the latter demanded that Foster
refund him 2 cents he had put in
a weighing machine in the defend
ants restaurant. Foster claimed
self defense.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Danes 10 LET Soviet Set Up
SALVAGE Base on BornhoIm
BY the Associated Press

COPENHAGEN, Denmark, April
22.-Denmark has granted the So
Wet Union permission to establish
a base for salvage operations on
the Baltic island of Bornholm,
the Foreign Ministry announced
today.
The Danish-owned island lies
just of the southern tip of Swe-
den and about 240 miles west Of
the Soviet-held Latvian coast. 1t
figured prominently in the news
during the recent fruitless search
for a missing American naval
plane.
The Russians said they wanted
the base for salvaging one Of their
trawiers which ran aground of
Gudhjem on Bornholm February
81. They made their request to
the Danish government soon after
the trawler was lost and issued a
stronger formal request more re-
Gently.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
GIN Gives 81 Officer!
Cash Bonus TotaIinq
Over Sc Million
24,338 Common Stock
Shares Also Awarded
To Motor Executives
BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK, April 22.-Genera,
Motors Corp. is paying 81 officers
or directors 1949 bonus awards
totaling $685. ,248 in cash plus
24,338 shares of the company
common stock, it was disclosed
today.
Top remuneration for 1949, in
cluding salary, director fees and
bonus, is $586,100 for Charles E
Wilson, president. The bonus is
payable in five annual INSTALL
ments. At present Federal in
come tax rates he weuld retain
only little more than $150,000
of this.
Mr.. Wilson, head of the giant
automotive concern, started his
career about 40 years ago with
Westinghouse Electric at II
cents an hour.
From General Motors last year,
he received $201. 100 in salary and
director fees. His bonus award,
$308,021 in cash and 1,243 shares
Of stock, represents an award
value" of $385,000.
Income Tax Rate 73T.
On the total, Mr.. Wilson would
pay personal Federal income
taxes, at current rates, of about
73 per cent.
Three executive vice presidents
follow Mr.. Wilson in aggregate re-
muneration including bonus. They
are: Albert Bradley, $511,225;
Harlow H. Curtice, $496, 100, and
Marvin E. Coyle, $496, 900. The
tax rate on these amounts is close
to u per cent.
The figures on bonus awards to
individuals were disclosed in the
corporations proxy statement
mailed to more than 100000
stockholders with notice of the
annual meeting May 10 at VIII
- =
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Louisiana Judge Shields Negro
With Robes After Death Threat

Judge Echezabal stepped from
the bench just before the jury re-
turned with its verdict and de-
clared:
Under the United States Com
stitution it is the duty of judge
to protect a defendant, regardless
of race or creed. and even at the
risk of sustaining great bodily
harm or loss of life.
Assistant District Attorney
Matthew Braniff has informed me
the public is bitterly divided into
two factions, and that he has
heard that in the event this man
is acquitted he will be killed.
IF any attempt to iniure Or
kill the defendant is made. 1t must
be done through my body"
The Judge stood between Foster
and the packed courtroom, in
Guiding many Negro spectators,
with his judicial robes spread, and
instructed the jury to announce
its verdict.
Then. as Foster was escorted
through the door leading out of
the courtroom, Judge EcheZabal
walked behind him, still shielding
Foster with spread robe.
There was no demonstration.
Evening star., 1950-04-22

searchers kept slogging over the
designated search area of IA miles
square that ranges upward unto
the Tanzawa Mountains.
Trade Official on Plane.
Frank E. Pickelle, Chicago, head
of Gen. MacArthur's foreign trade
division, was one of the passen-
gers. With three other occupa-
ton workers he was returning
from a trade conference at Ma
Mia. They were James Torrens,
Washington; Bernard Adams, New
York, and Mrs. Teresa Krossner
(Mr. Torrens, an economist.
formerly lived in the Ogden
Gardens apartment house at
1445 Ogden street NV. Those
available at the apartment
house today said they did not
know where he was employed
while in Washington.
A complete list of those aboard
the plane was not announced by
the Air Force.
The search centered around one
of Japan's most famed beauty
spots-the mountains behind the
beach town of Odawarai, So miles
southwest of Tokyo on Sagami
Bay.
Plane Stopped at Okinawa.
The plane, assigned to the 21st
Troop Carrier Squadron in the
Philippines, was en- route to Tachi-
kawa Air Force Base. The base
is 20 miles west of Tokyo.
1t had stopped at the big Amer
ican base on Okinawa. south of
Japan, before starting on the final
leg of its flight.
The plane last was heard from
at 11:08 last night. It radioed ii
then was over o Shima, an island
(See CRASH. Page A-3)
Evening star., 1950-04-22
z American Officials
Held Briefly by Czechs
BY the Associated Press

LONDON, April 22.-The Amer.
ican military permit officer ir
Prague and an official of the
American Embassy were arrested
outside the United States Infor-
nation Service Office yesterday
but released Immediately after be-
ing identified, dispatches from
Prague said today.
The men were Martin S. Bowe
military permit officer, and Alex
ander Manchesky, assistant gen.
eral services officer at the Ameri-
can Embassy.
MI. Bowe was arrested while
taking pictures of Czechs crowd
ing into the U. S. I. S. library
where books and other reading
material were being distributed
prior to the library's closure or
Czech orders. He was released ar
hour later after being identified
by Czech Foreign ministry Of
fetal, these dispatches said.
Mr.. Manchesky was released
after Is minutes.
The Communist-controlled gov
ernment earlier this week ordered
all U. S. 7. S. Offices in CzechoSlo-
vakia closed and demanded the
expulsion of the United States
Embassy press attache, Joseph c
Kolarek. The Prague Office was
crowded yesterday by Czechs to
whom the staff distributed books
and periodicals.
Mr.. Bowe and Mr.. Manchesky
dispatches from Prague said, re-
ported they saw a number of
Czech citizens at the police sta
ton who had been arrested in
front Of the library.
Czech police have consistently
stopped nationals leaving the IL
brary. and have warned them not
to return to the u. s. I. s.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Second Raft Picked Ur
OFF Swedish Coast
BY the Assoeiatsd Press

WIESBADEN, Germany. April
22.-United States Air Force off,
cials said today that a second life
raft which could have belonged
to the United States Navy patrol
plane missing in the Baltic has
been discovered of the Swedish
coast.
The Swedish vessel Hittade
picked up the empty raft IS miles
southeast Of Gotland Island-off
the east coast of Sweden-yester-
day. the officials said.
The plane with a crew Of 10
men disappeared two weeks ago
on a patrol mission over the
Baltic. American officials believe
it was shot down by Russian
fighters.
The raft is being flown from
Copenhagen to the United States
Navy base at Port Lyautey in Mo-
rocco for Identification.
A British freighter in the Baltic
picked up a yellow life raft Sun
day which also may have belonged
to the missing plane.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Lie Sails for Europe,
Still Uncertain About
Journey 10 Moscow
U. N. Secretary General
Will Decide in Paris
Whether to Make Trip
BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK, April 22.-Trygve
Lie, United Nations secretary gen.
eral, sailed today for a European
trip that may take him to Moscow
in an attempt to ease the East
West cold war and save the u. N
Sailing with him in the Queen
Mary were three top-rankine
aides, including his Russian as
sistant secretary general. Kon-
stantin Zinchenko, former key
official in the Soviet foreign min
istry.
Will Decide in Paris.
Besides seeing French and Brit
iSh government leaders, Mr.. Lie
will attend U. N. group meetings
in Paris and Geneva. He said he
will decide in Paris whether there
is any use to go on to Moscow.
II think the world must try
again to bring the cold war to ar
end," Mr.. Lie said in a going
away. statement. "It may take q
long time to complete the liquida-
ton of the cold war. Many steps
will certainly be required.
THE most important steps will
be to use all the peace-buildine
and conciliating resources avail
able in the United Nations for this
purpose and to give the United
Nations the strongest possible sup
port in all its work"
He said the U. N. had survived
one crisis after another because
both governments and peoples
know it remains the worlds best
hope for peace"
Mr.. Lie noted that his sailing
came three days before the fifth
YTE
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Greater Effort Needed
To Win Cold War,
ECA Aides Tell Editors
Dwight Young Of Dayton
Elected New President;
Acheson to Talk Tonight

A greater total effort must be
exerted if the United States is to
win the cold war. two newspaper
men now working for the Eco
nomic Cooperation Administra-
ton told the Nations editors to-
day.
Roscoe Drummond, Washington
bureau chief for the Christian Sci
ence Monitor, and Barry Bing-
ham, publisher of the Louisville
Courier-Journal. spoke before the
American Society of Newspaper
Editors at a luncheon at Hotel
Statler.
Earlier. Dwight Young, editor
of the Dayton Journal Herald. was
named association president sue
ceeding B. M. McKelway, editor
of The Star.
The annual convention winds
up tonight with a banquet at
which Secretary of State Acheson
is scheduled to make a major
policy speech.
Mr.. Drummond, now director of
information for ECA in Europe,
said it was urgently necessary now
to create and carry forward a
common information program for
the Atlantic Pact nations.
Mr.. Bingham, who now is chief
of the ECA'S special mission to
France. asserted that the free
press has a powerful response
bility' to tell its readers the facts
of life about the major barrier to
Europe's recovery-the lack of a
trade balance with the United
States.
Moscow continues to capture
the headlines with peace often
sives, peace appeals and peace
fronts" Mr.. Drummond said.
while the Communists may not
want war. they do not want peace.
and we of the democracies are
letting them get away with mur-
der by allowing them to succeed
in pre-empting the cause of peace
everywhere in the world"
The Communists will not aban-
don their tactics until the free
world demonstrates an impreg-
nable unity and strength" he de-
clared.
But Mr.. Drummond said that he
believes the United States could
win and that this country was
moving in the direction of win
ming"
But I am convinced that it will
take a total cold war effort to do
it and I believe that the American
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Do You Have Something
To Buy, Trade or Sell?
Use Star Classified .

Every day The Star Classified
Section is bigger by far than
that published by any other
Washington newspaper.
Such overwhelming support
is justified by two important
reasons:
The Star brings its aduey-
tisers better results.
The Star brings its readers
more classified sales offerings
than the three other Wash
tngton newspaper combined
first 10 days OF April, 1950).
If there is something you
want to buy, trade or sell, the
best way to make your wants
known Is to place a classified
ad in Washington's No. /
classified medium.
Phone Sterling 5000 for ex-
pert classified service.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Communists Battle on Outskirts
OfHoinon Capita, NotionoIists
Admit Unfounded VictoryCIoim
Hollow Headquarters
Reported Abandoned
By Defense Forces
IRy the Assoeioted Press

TAIPEI, Formosa, April o.
The official Chinese Nationalist
Central News Agency reported to-
night that the Red invaders OF
Hainan had reached the outskirts
Of Hollow, the island capital, and
that Nationalist claims Friday
night of a great victory were un-
warranted.
These dramatic Itidings came
from the Central News correspon-
dent in Hollow and were confirmed
in guarded language by the Ma
tionalist Defense Ministry.
"a telephoned dispatch from
Hainan to the Hong Kong
Standard said tonight the Ma
tionalists were fighting the
Communist invaders only 6
miles from Hollow, capital of
the big island 10 miles off South
China. It reported Nationalist
defense headquarters there had
been evacuated and that the city
was almost dead. with all
shops closedD
There was no estimate of
how many Red troops were in
volved.
An air of caution was observed
in Taipei today after the first
flush over last nights Nationalist
claims-over 1000 Reds killed and
more than 5000 captured.
Reds to Feed in New Troops.
A high official, who asked that
his name be withheld. pointed out
that the Communists. we're bound
to keep trying to reinforce the
force they landed on Hainan. The
Reds. he said, would not mind
how many men they lost so long
as they achieved their ends.
Much significance and certain
ominousnesS was attached here to
the publicity the Communists were
giving to the invasion operation
It is felt they wouldn't be doing
this unless they were strongly
confident of the outcome. When
the Reds are losing they say moth
ing.
(Most Of Hong Kong's Com
munist press boaSted today that
eventual victory was assured but
had little else to say except that
fighting was continuing.
(The Communist Ia Kung Pao
quoted air passengers from Hal
nan as saying all non- military
personnel had been moved out
of Hollow. Civil Air Transport,
Claire L. Chennault's air line,
still was operating out of
Hoihow)
Independent Viewpoint.
Pessimism among some indie
pendent quarters on Formosa rar
like this:
The Nationalists haven't the
men or material to oppose a ST.
multaneous Red assault at two OF
three widely separated points
Hainan's coast line is much toe
long for the Nationalists to pre-.
vent landings and once the Reds
are ashore they are likely to pene-
trate the interior where Red guer.
rillas have operated for years.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Burmu Reds Lose Town

RANGOON. Burma. April %
(R.-In an 11-hour battle govern
ment forces drove Communists
from the North Burma Katha
district town of Banmauk and oc-
cupied the town, a communique
said today. Government reinforce
ments have been sent to Banmauk
as a precaution against renewed
attacks. It Is about 180 miles
north of Mandalay.
Evening star., 1950-04-22
Probers May Summon
.Biq-Time Bookies and
Race Wire Operators
Senator Copehort Insists
On Getting Testimony of
Some of Those Accused

Big-time bookmakers and pow
ers behind the Nation wide gam
bling wire service may be called
before a Senate Commerce sub
committee. it was indicated today.
Senator Capehart. Republican.
of Indiana said he will insist that
lsome of those named by witnesses
before the subcommittee be called
to testify.
The subcommittee is holding
hearings on a bill to forbid the
interstate transmission of gam
bling information to organized
gamblers.
"The mayors and State official,
who testified put the finger or
certain people as the ones caus-
ing all the trouble" Senator Cape.
hart told reporters. "Ill do my
best to see that we get their testi-
mony."
To Avoid Advance Notice.
The subcommittee chairman
Senator Mcfarland, said he would
put the question before all SUBJ
committee members at an execu-
tive session. He indicated. how
ever, that he does not want to
give some prospective witnesses
advance notice that they may be
subpoenaed.
Mentioned repeatedly by city
and State officials yesterday as
the principal source of gambling
information was the Continental
Press Service.
Edward j. Mcbride of Cleve-
land was said to be the owner of
the service. Mr.. Mcbride was de-
scribed as a 26-year -old law stu
dent who told Florida authorities
his uncle, Tom Kelly of Chicago,
operates the service.
Others Are Mentioned.
Among others mentioned dur
ing the hearings were:
Russell and Leonard Brophy,
brothers reported by Los Angeles
police officials to control the dis
tribution of race information in
Los Angeles and San Diego.
Joe Adopis of New York, said
by New York police to be known
as a "racketeer."
Frank Erickson Of New Jersey,
identified by New York police as
a "lay-off bettor." or one who
accepts hedging bets by bookies.
Mickey Cohen of Los Angeles,
also identified as a "lay-off"
gambler.
Testifying before the committee
yesterday, George E. Owen, assist
ant attorney general of Florida,
said he believed Florida book
(See GAMBLING, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1950-04-22
u. S. Weighs Course of Action
In Crisis Over Plane Incident
Congressman Demanding Drastic Action,
Including Break in Diplomatic Ties

Alan G. Kirk for consultation, and
carrying the case either to the
United Nations or to the interna-
tional court at The Hague.
Russia's latest note, bluntly re-
jecting the United States position
on the Baltic affair, evidently
foreclosed the possibility of work
ing out any kind of settlement
through normal diplomacy be-
tween Washington and Moscow.
The note brought prompt re-
action from Secretary of State
AcheSon at a news conference
yesterday, while at the Capitol
there were immediate demands fol
severe action by the American
Government.
House Democratic Leader Nc
Cormack of Massachusetts SAID
either Admiral Kirk should be
called home or Soviet-American
relations should be broken.
The Russian note restated the
Kremlin's claim that on April &
(See RUSSIAN Page A.2)