davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-08-09
France and Preparedness

In its memorandum outlining proposals for
an expanded French preparedness program the
government of France has made special point
of asserting that such program would be
useless If ground and air forces sufficient to
assure the maintenance of peace should not be
stationed in Continental Europe" The memo
randum then goes to declare, by plain i'm
plication, that Britain and the United States
ought to have more divisions in readiness over
there.
Wholly apart from the question Of the
availability of trained British and American
manpower this particular aspect of Frances
proposed new program raises military points
that are obviously subject to debate and nego-
tiation among the three governments and within
the planning division of the twelve-nation
Atlantic Pact. Presumably, now that the French
have put stress on it, the issue will receive
special attention, but there is considerable reason
to doubt that Britain and the United States
are in a poStion-even assuming that such a
step might be sound or desirable-to add sub
Stantially to their European forces at this time.
Whatever the case may be as regards this
point, however, the. French declaring themselves
firmly resolved Ito play full role in the enter
prise of collective security of the Atlantic Pact"
have drafted program for themselves that Is
much more far-reaching than the one they have
been following up to now. Thus, though it Is
bound to slow down their peacetme recovery
and adversely affect living standards, they pro-
pose to accelerate the modernzation and re-
equipment of their existing armed forces, to
effect marked increase in their own military
production, and to create-over and above the
five they have in readiness in Europe at present
is completely new divisions within the next
three years.
AS estimated by the French, this three-year
program will involve total outlay of IS 800 000,-
600. Proportionately-in terms IF the percentage
OF national income that it representS-it consti-
tuteS projected rearmament effort equivalent
to our own and to the one the British propose
to undertake at a cost of 100000 900. Like
Britain, however, France has emphasized that 1t
cannot do the job without the help Of other
members of the Atlantic Pact, particularly the
United States-help in the form Of dollars
through the Marshall Plan, arms shipments
under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program
raw materials, etc.
Assuming that such aid can be made avail
able, assuming that all-out war does not suddenly
develop, and aSSuming-finally-th the At
lantic Community will move swiftly toward
political, economic and military unity (aS France
urges, then the fulfillment of the French pro-
gram, together with those of the other Pact
members, can greatly improve Western Europe's
position in the balance of power within the next
three years The big question is whether the
free world will be granted that much time. If
1t is granted it, and if it does everything it
must do to be safe, then it can be hopeful about
peace and reasonably confident of its own future.
Evening star., 1950-08-09
Conodo's Meteor Crater

The discovery of the worlds largest meteor
crater in Northern Quebec will be Of interest to
the general public as well as to scientists IL
illustrates again how little is known and how
much still is to be learned about the earth and
the cosmic system of which the earth is tiny
part People reading about the find must imme-
diately have realized that there is in 1t an ind1-
cation of how terrific an injury our globe can
suffer and yet survive. power much greater
than any man-made bomb was needed to make
such dent in the map of Canada. Ten billion
tons of granite were gouged out OF place py the
Impact of the fireball.
How heavy the meteorite itself would have
to be in order to create disturbance OF that
kind perhaps may be figured out by expert
mathematicianS. Of course, its weight would
exceed the largest excavated shooting star
the 37-ton Ahnighito which Lieutenant Robert
E. Peary brought from Greenland to the Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History in New York in
1894 Quebecs aerolite also must be larger and
heavier than that which lies under the Diablo
crater near Winslow, Arizona. 1t likewise excels
the mightiest of the Siberian fragments reported
by Prof Leonide A. Kulik, the Soviet special
list, in 1927.
Thus far no meteorite of dangerous weight
or size has fallen on any city or town within the
range of recorded history Thousands of small
shooting stars" come down every year, but they
are destroyed in their progress through the
earthS protecting atmosphere and reach the
ground as dust-about 1000 tons of it annually.
Why this characteristic of harmlessnesS should
distinguish fireballs is simply another aspect of
the mystery which they symbolic. Nobody knows
where they originate any more than anybody
knows why they fall in tundras and deserts and
not in inhabited areas. Behind them is the
riddle of the universe-the cause beyond causes,
Evening star., 1950-08-09

against further prohigate waste. as we
have experienced it for more than Is
years, with the downright lies Of prop
aganda to put across their grabs for
power? Are we not sick and tired of
being promised security from the cradle
to the grave, only to find that we have
no security even in the defense of our
Nation, in spite Of the expenditure Of
billions Of our tax money? Who is to
answer or to give an account for these
failures?
When we have some such guarantees.
we may have fewer dumb politicians
and more statesmen In Government.
Let's demand responsible Government,
and the imprisonment and punishment
Of every traitor to our country.
AL Smith Democrat.
Emporium, Penna.
Evening star., 1950-08-09
Inconstont Moon

Inconstant as the clouds that veH your
face,
Astride the Di,dy nuances of night,
You climb to smile upon the troubled
porld,
Bearing the silver promise OF neU hope.
You are the euer-wise, the euer-kind
On ,Dinter evenings tDEen the crusted
SnoiD
Grows trarm beneath the challenge of
your rays;
And you are kind In summer 1plten black
pines
Filter your GOODNESS to the misty lake.
But haze seen you thin Tipped, colorlesS,
In cruel silence stalking the clear sky
While n1ultttudes, enchanted, lift their
gaze,
And are unanswered.
CATHERINE HAYDON JACOBS.
Evening star., 1950-08-09
Patriot

The ineffectiveness of Mr.. Berryman's
cartoon against boarding is probably
due to the fact that majority Of
Americans are not convinced our inter-
vention in the Korean war was justified.
Since we. civilians and ex-GIs, did
not start the war, and were not con-
suited as to its moral or military ex-
pediency, why should we refrain from
boarding when others are reaping mil
lions from excess profits?
Veteran.
Evening star., 1950-08-09
Questions and Answers

The Stars readers can get the answer 70
any question of fact by either writinS The
NV, Washington 5, D. c., and inclosing cents
return postage or by telephoninE ST 5000.
Extension 35S.
Evening star., 1950-08-09
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. Who was known as the Gadf1y of
Athens?-D. D. o.
A. Socrates. According to Plato,
Socrates declared that in rousing the
Athenians from their apathy by his sys-
tenn of questioning, he was like gadfy
singing a lazy horse into action.
Evening star., 1950-08-09

@. What does EPIC stand for?-
N. N. E.
A. End Poverty in California. This Is
the name of the program for distributing
wealth in California developed by Upton
Sinclair in 1884.
Evening star., 1950-08-09

@. Do wild animals generally die
natural deaths?-V. I. s.
A. It is believed that few wild animals
die Of old age. Most frequent causes OF
death are food shortage. accidental in
juries and natural enemies.
Evening star., 1950-08-09

@. What does Sierra Nevada mean2
e. L. w.
A. The words Sierra Nevada" are
Spanish and mean snowy range or
mountains" The snow-covered peaks
from which the Spaniards named the
range feed the many streams on the
western slope.
Evening star., 1950-08-09

@. How much ticker tape was used UP
In the New York Stock Exchange on
October 30, 1921. B. N.
A. On that date, when total transac-
tions exceeded 100000 shares, $4,000
miles Of tape poured out of the 5000
stock tickers in operation.
Evening star., 1950-08-09

Q. If California were on the East
Coast instead of the West. between what
cities would it extend?-J. T..
A. San Diego. Calf, is about as far
south as Charleston, s.. c., and Crescent
City, Calf, as far north as Providence,
r. I. California is approximately 7S0
miles long.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31

Demand the Union Label.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31
BOOST PAY AND ALTER
CONDITIONS OF WORKERS

Saginaw, Mich. UPA)-PuertC
Ricans harvesting the sugar bee
crop here will be paid 65 cents al
hour plus 81 an acre worked, an
nounced Max c. Henderson, execu
tive secretary of Michigan Fielo
Crops, Inc. He said they will be
housed and fed in groups. Previous
ly workers have been paid on &
picked basis and housed
separately or in small groups.
Henderson's announcement fol
lowed charges from the Puerto
Rican government that the island
ers, flown here by Field Corps
Inc, found Shocking" conditions
and Indecent" treatment. The
Puerto Rican government has ap-
propriated $ll7,400 to assist the
workers.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31

petual reform wherein the govern
ment recognized and honored
labor's rights. This at a time when
other governors were siding in with
the "money clique" and turning a
deaf ear to labor's needs. La Fol
lete gave his state heritage or
right thinking and other states d
lesson in labor legislation.
Wisconsin's contemporary lnstl-
tutions bear the marks of It's en-
lightened leader. The university
| for example sports one of the ma
tion's greatest staffs of labor eco
nomists. Professor John K. Com
mons. noted labor historian, has
contributed his famous collection
Of labor materials to the project.
The collection, covering the period
from 1880 to 1887, includes a great
quantity of organization records,
personal papers, and transcripts of
newspaper articles. Chief among
personal papers are those OF Daniel
DeLeon, noted Socialist leader OF
the late 10Th century; Joseph +.
Mcdonnell, leader for years of New
Jersey labor movements; Edward
H. Rogers, Massachusetts propon-
ent of the eight-hour day; John
Samuel, promoter of the coopera-
tion theory; and Stephen P. An
drews, founder of the universology
system.
Another university labor histor-
ian, Prof. Edwin f. Witte, consid-
ers the project "a venture both
new and unique in historical and
labor activities in the nation which
opens the way to new type of
evaluation of our national economy.
A reconsideration of things past
will aid the consideration of cur
rent and future problems.
The capturing of "things past"
is being done with a vengeance by
the Society. In its pursuit of in
formation on labor, it is taking on
the all-encompassing aspects of a
candid -microphone". The Society's
tentacles are everywhere. Anyone,
at any time substantially connect
ed with the labor movement as it
effected Wisconsin, is subject to
an interview from one of the Labor
Project staff.
The Society hopes that other
states will pick up their idea. With
As such projects, the story of
labor's long struggle from oppres-
sion to acceptance would be secur-
ed. With 48 such projects, the
whole tale of how the labor move
ment changed the brutal phrases
of the past would be told.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31
OBITUARIES
r. III. (RUBE) SMITH

r. H. (Rube) Smith, retired pot
ter of colorful personality died
August % at the home of his son
Rev. Walter E. Smith of Reno
New, where he was recuperatine
from a recent minor operation
when he suffered stroke which
brought about his death.
Mr.. Smith was born July 20
1873 in Evansville, Ind, son oil
Rube Smith Sr., engineer on Ohio
River boats, and Margaret Rey-
|nolds Smith, native of Dublin, ire
land.
Learning the trade of jiggering
at Peroria, Ill. in his early years
Rube had the lust for travel and
roamed from coast to coast, work
ing in practically every major pot
terry town in the country. He count
ed his friends by legions and news
of his death will bring sorrow to
his former shopmates.
Always active in N. B. of o. P.
affairs, he served as delegate to
national conventions and wage con-
ferences numerous times and was
local union officer for thirty-five
years, until his retirement.
Many will remember him as a
correspondent for the Herald who
always signed his article, "His
Mob" '''
For the past several years he
had been making his home with
his eldest son, Harris H. Smith of
San Diego, Calf.
He was active in fraternal circles
being a charter member and first
Director of Moose Lodge in Mt.
Clemens, Mich.
In addition to his two sons, he is
survived by two daughters, Mrs.
lnez Wise, Mt. Clemens, Mich. /;
Mrs. Bernice Pope of Paden City,
w. Va. Is grandchildren and IL
great grandchildren.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31
HAROLD "Hp ALLISON

Harold J. "Hi" Allison, sc, form
er local ball player, died suddenly
August .25 at his home, 1920 River
view st,
Born in East Liverpool, he hac
been employed for 81 years in tn,
Shipping Department at the Homer
Laughlin China Co. Prior to thai
he was with the Knowles, Taylor
4 Knowles Co. pottery.
Mr., Allison was a member OF
the First Methodist Church ano
its Power Glass and was affiliated
with Local sc, National Brother
hood of Operative Potters.
He is survived by his widow
Mrs. Eva Rough Allison, and three
brothers, Paul Allison, Leland
Allison and Victor Allison, all OF
East Liverpool.
Services were held from the Mar
tin Funeral Home by Rev. David
w. Skeen of the Orchard Grove
Community Methodist Churc h.
Burial was in the Riverview, Gene
terry.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31
HARRY l.. HILL

Harry Lawrence Hill of 2014
Pennsylvania Ave. Ext, died Aug
ust 8 in his home following a short
illness.
Mr.. Hill, was born in Mason
County, w. Va, coming to East
Liverpool about 40 years ago. He
was a kiln drawer at Plant 6 of the
Homer Laughlin China Co. and was
a member of Local Union II, Ma
tional Brotherhood of Operative
Potters.
He leaves his widow, Mrs. Elsie
r. Spear Hill; son, Donald Dean
Hill at home; three sisters, Mrs.
Ethel Dodridge of Columbus, Mrs.
Minnie Mills of Pittsburg, and
Mrs. Georgia Beebout of Belle, w.
Va, and half-brother, Everett
Hawkins of Middleport.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31
WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY
RECORDING HISTORY OF WORKER

strations, revolt, disorder, riot
"The man who cannot live on bread
and water is not fit to live" Anc
the wrath spilled throughout the
states and into hundreds of or
ganizations that commandeereo
labor; if but a small portion; if but
for a small time. The international
Workingmen's Assn, the first In
ternational. The Knights of Labor
with it's new solidarity; member
ship open to all wage earners and
all former wage earners.
Chorus:
"Storm the fort, ye Knights OF
Labor.
Battle for your cause. Equal
rights for every neighbor.
Down with tyrant laws"
On and on they came. The Ma
tional Labor Union, carrying with
it the dream of Utopia; spurred
by the belief that the producers
could make over society in their
own image. The Soveriegns of In
dustry with handful of leaders
trying to clamp some sort of con-
troll over labor from the top. 1t
ended up little more than forums
for discussion and debate. The So
cialist Labor Party, streaking
through the late 1800s hurting in
vectives at everything but the So
cialist Labor Party. The Greenback
clubs; out to destroy the money
power of the banks through cur
rency reform; looking for deliv-
erance from debt and poverty. The
Industrial Workers of the World
(IWW) with its One Big Unionism
with its assumption that violence is
a necessary part of the labor
struggle; with its message to the
working class that their historic
mission is to abolish capitalism.
Chorus:
"Tie 'em up. Tie 'em up. That's the
way to win.
Don't notify the bosses till hos
tilities begin.
Don't furnish chance for gunmen,
scabs and all their like.
What you need is One Big Union
and One Big Strike"
On and on they came. The Inter
national Labor Union, the Union
Cooperative Assn, the Social Dem
ocratic Party of North America,
the Peoples Party, the Citizens
Suffrage Assn, the Anti-Tenement
League. Trends, demands, awaken
ings. Forces that pushed for
change. In chronicling the labor
movement, the Historical Society
is dipping into quite a saga.
1t is not surprising that Wiscon-
sin should be the first to take on
such a project. 1t has been out
standing in the field of labor legis-
lation. Wisconsin was among the
first to initiate child labor laws,
of hours for womenI
workers, safety measures for pro-
lection of workers, creation of the
industrial commission, a minimum
wage, workman's compensation
act, and many others.
Wisconsin is still profiting from
the long and heavy dose of liberal
thinking and progressive action it.
got during the gubernatorial reign
of Robert M. La Toilette. Fighting
Bob" made the state land of per-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31
BY FLORENCE STRAND

Milwaukee, Wis. (LPA) = Two
gentlemen, two centuries ago stood
talking about the lot of the Amer
ican working man. One complained
that it was not a very equal one
The other, a prosperous business
man replied, "Sir, they are a race
of convicts, and ought to be con-
tent with anything we allow them
short of hanging" A century later
a noted preacher told his congre-
cation, "God intended the great to
be great and the little to be little.
/ do not say that a dollar a day is
enough to support working man.
But it is enough to support man.
Not enough to support man and
five children if a man insists .on
smoking and drinking beer. But the
man who cannot live on bread and
water is not fit to live"
Today the tune has changed, and
the history of how it was changed
is the history of the labor move
ment.
The basic facts can be found in
the nearest library. The embellish-
ments, the asides, the first-hand
impressions, are scattered about
over the country captured in the
minds of old men; in discarded
labor papers and minute books; in
handbills and Jail summons; in
diaries and on campaign buttons
on broadsides, strike notices,
throw-aways, badges, banners.
The story, full-blown and full
fleshed, is still precious commod-
ity, precious because it does not
yet exist anywhere in any one
place.
One state is doing something
about it. The State Historical So
ciety of Wisconsin is culling out of
the past, from every conceivable
source, the story of labor's devel-
opment as it affected that state.
The Labor History Project has
been formally adopted by the State
Federation of Labor, has the full
cooperation of most of the unaffil-
lated unions and Rail Brother
hoods. The executive committee of
the project comprises II labor
leaders, three professors and three
educators.
The Society is rounding up writ
ten records and files of unions at
the state, regional, and local levels
minute books, ledgers, correspond
ence files, contracts; the letters
and papers of labor leaders; labor
songs and poems; collections of old
craft tools. For the "reminiscences
of living leaders and on-the-spot
observers, the Society has a tape
recorder to get down in permanent
form the first-hand accounts of the
events that shaped labor in Wis
consin. And those events make
quite saga.
There were the trade unions, as
old as the state; at first predom-
inately of the self-employed and
agricultural workers. For the first
so years they were twice as num-
erous as manufacturers; 60 years
during which employers outnum-
bered employees four to one. Then
the Civil War. Unions grew in i'm
portance.
Then the lean years-the 70s
and 80s. Unemployment demon
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1950-08-31

profits free of income tax to the
extent used to pay estate and in
heritance taxes. This amendment
has practical application under pre-
sent gift and estate tax exemptions
only to single persons with estates
J of $25O,000 and over, or to married
persons with estates of $500,0OC
or more.
7. CORPORATE SPIN OFFS
This provision would exempt from
taxation the value of new stocks
distributed to stockholders by q
corporation which decided to "spir
off" part of its business into sep
arate firm.
8. AMORTIZATION OF EMER-
GENCY FACILITIES = W E
emitting an excess profits tax on
corporations, the Committee bill
would permit accelerated amortiza-
tion of plants and equipment certi-
fled to be necessary for the cur
rent emergency. Instead of the
usual Is to 40 year period of de-
probation for tax purposes, the en-
tire cost could be recovered tax
free within a period of years.
8. SECTION lit G)-Since 1912
the tax law has contained a "heads
| win, tails you lose" provision in
favor Of a taxpayer who sells pro-
perty used in his trade or business.
If the sale results in a profit, it is
taxed as capital gain. If it re-
suits is a loss, the loss is treated
as a fully deductible ordinary loss.
The Treasury has estimated this
loophole as costing about 10 mill
ion dollars.
10. LIFE INSURANCE COM
PANIES-At a time when other
individual and corporate taxpayers
are overburdened, life insurance
companies paid no taxes on income
for 1947, 1948, and l949. This re-
suits from a technical error in the
Revenue Act Of 1912. The Commit
tee Bill would in effect grant a so
million dollar tax melon to the life
insurance industry by striking out
the provisions in the House bill for
collection of the 1947 and 1948 tax
liabilities.
IL. FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES
OF DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS
The House bill would have clos
ed loophole in the existing law
under which domestic corporations
can liquidate subsidiaries operating
abroad (such as oil companies), and
bring back tax-free profits that
never passed through the Federal
income tax stream. The Committee
bill would retain this glaring loop
hole.
12. REDUCTION IN HOLDING
p + RIOD FOR LONG-TERM"|
CAPITAL GAINS-Under existing|
law capital gain is taxable at al
rate of 25G6 if the asset
was held for over 6 months. Under
the Senate bill this period is rel
duced to 3 months. This amend
ment, which was included in theI
House bill and approved by the
Finance Committee fits best thel
tax needs of the stock market and|
commodity spectators, who arel
thus permitted to convert ordinary
profits into capital gains. Thisl
'loophole" will benefit principally
single persons above $4,000 and
married couples above $4,000.
Buy Union-Made goods from
~ hnrc ns 1tnll xuo.Ill ha..n 4ho.,a