davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Hope for Forgotten Men in the Audience

getting contributions from the individual
members that supplement what the
speaker has. said. In other words. the
buzz session turns the audience from q
passive body into an active force.
The audience listening team is device
for breaking down q speech for the pur-
pose Of later discussion and analysis.
Certain aspects Of q problem are assigned
to n small audience group before the
speech starts. Afterward, the team gets
together and decides what ideas Of the
speaker related to its particular field. and
how those ideas might be translated into
concrete action.
A third innovation to the ordinary
meeting technique Is the selection Of
an audience representation panel. which
works out o scheme Of action that Is
referred back TO the whole meeting for
final approval.
AL of these methods have the object
OF raising the level Of audience par
ticipation by giving John Doe the feeling
that he really Is involved with what is
going on. They are methods that have
been tried out at meetings Of up to
1000. and they work.
A major test of the new system viii
take place here next week with the
opening of the Fifth National Confer
ence on Citizenship at the Hotel Statler.
That meeting, which is sponsored jointly
by the National Education Association
and the Justice Department, Is typical
of the institute-type Of affair that stands
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Chimponzee Gives Clue
To Deadly Fever Virus
Bug lsoloted Which Couses
Some of Worst Diseases
By Themes R. Henry

About seven years ago chimpanaee In
Florida animal collection fell sick and
died of mysterious fever.
From the animals blood was isolated
q new kind Of fllterahle virus. one Of the
minute particles on the borderline be-
tween the living and non-llytng which
cause some Of the deadliest human dis
eases. This was a first cousin Of the
bugs which cause yellow fever, influenza.
and the common cold: but laboratory
tests showed that 1t was not identical
with any OF these.
A few months later some American
soldiers In the Philippines were hospital
lied with fever which the army doctors
could not diagnose. Later tests showed
that it was caused by the same organism
found In the blood of the dead CHM
panzee. The men apparently were not
very seriously Ill. although they remained
OF duty for few days.
Isolated In East Africa.
Now. it appears, this particular virus
Is worldwide in distribution and 1t Is
quite likely that II has caused much i'll
ness which has not been diagnosed. It
has been isolated IN East Africa. which
appears to be its base reservoir. by
Rockefeller Foundation workers. They
found 1t in the blood Of mosquitoes. q
mongooSe, a human being and q RhesuS
monkey.
Blood tests of many humans In the
area showed that they had suffered from
the disease sometime in the past and
now were immune, 1t is among 10 new
viruses isolated for the first time by
Foundation doctors throughout the
tropics.
This particular virus has been named
the Mengo virus. Although the disease
it causes in humans seems relatively
mild. popularity of these organisms Is
their very high mutation rate into dead
lier germs. especially when stock gains
strength from an epidemic. Ordinarily.
for example. the influenza viruses are
not too serious and cause few deaths.
But they are capable of great epidemic
explosions. as in 1918. and the longer
an epidemic continues the more deadly
1t is up to a certain point.
Health Units Notified.
Descriptions Of the new viruses, with
especial emphasis on the Mengo virus
which is known to affect humans. have
been sent to health departments around
the world, so that cases Of the hitherto
little known fever can be diagnosed
quickly.
Hitherto 1t has been possible 10 iden-
tify a virus only from Its behavior in
test tube blood tests The organisms are
far too small to be seen under the most
powerful optical microscope. Within the
past two years. however. use Of the cleo
tron microscope which visualizes objects
as little as ten millionths Of an inch in
width. makes possible descriptions Of all
but the most minute of these deadly
objects.
A worldwide survey now is planned
to determine the distribution Of this and
other new viruses. That the Mengo vi.
rus is at large in the United States Is
evident from the chimpanzee case. The
animal was not a recent arrival from
East Africa which could have brought
the germ with 1t to the New World.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Working Both Sides of the Street

The League Reporter, organ of the American
Federation of Labor's League for Political Action
quotes with approval statement by North Caro-
hnas Governor Scott Kerr in which the Governor
candidly weighs the advantages to the Common
wealth of working both sides Of the street in
Washington.
North Carolina, Governor Kerr says, has
been represented in the past fifty years in
the Senate by corporation lawyers That, the
Governor hastens to explain, may be all right.
1--WE have Senator Hoey, who is a good
man. He is conservative and he has entree
into the conservative group in the Senate. Dr.
Graham is hberal-and don't mean any wild
liberal, either-and he has entree into the
liberal bloc up there. We need both kinds
and the two we have now make a fine team"
For example: Frank Graham has just got
that drydock for Wilmington. Why did he?
Well, the President doesn't think so much of
Senator Byrd and he wouldn't be so liable to
help him get much for Norfolk. And you don't
think he'd do much for South Carolina's Charles
ton when that State went against him in the
last election, do you? So Frank Graham comes
right in between Virginia and South Carolina
and lands it. It's the same way about this
park development over in Western North Caro-
lima"
The Governor did not say Just what Senator
Byrd and Senator Hoey. being conservatives,
get They probably get reelected. for one
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19

him. while what he has to say becomes
less important. Remarks like, Wasn't
he wonderful" do not, according to DR..
Bradford. reflect any promise Of con-
crete action on the part Of the listener.
The little man comes to meeting with
a whole set Of completes. DR.. Bradford
sums it up this way:
Some individuals in the audience may
be in mood to reject what the speaker
says; others. to accept him blindly. Still
others may be inclined to day-dream-
to be bored-to be paSsive-to want to
be ignored-to want to jump up and
contradict-to want to ask questions-to
be uncomfortable-to wonder at the fu-
tility of it ALTO want to 60 home"
The methods devised to do something
about this depressing picture revolve
around two innovations known as the
buzz session" and the listening team"
The buzz session is a way Of breaking
a big meeting into many small ones. The
groups, limited to six or eight members
OF the audience. get together by having
persons sitting in every other row turn
their chairs around to face the row
behind them. The group holds its small
meeting for about 10 minutes and then
appoints one member to report its find-
ings to the larger meeting.
The buzz session has many purposes
1t has been used at the beginning Of q
meeting to get q consensus on the prob
lens that the audience wants to hear
discussed. After speech, it is useful
for getting audience reaction. or for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19

Our starting has invaded the Middle
West, and at times has become a nui-
salce IN the great cattle barns.
From now on. in an age Of change.
we may expect to hear Of further dislo-
cations OF animal and bird life.
Around here we mostly think of birds
as friends and neighbors, but in many
parts Of the country there is very little
such regard for them.
Buzzards are said to carry hog cholera.
so 1t Is not unusual for hog raisers to
shoot them on sight.
In some para Of the country pigeons
are charged with similar crime. and
likewise killed.
Those who live in cities and suburbs
must never forget that farmers, who
have different problems to face, must
look at life in their own way.
We who live only because of their en-
beavers. must take care to try to under
stand their problems. no matter how
much Of an altruistic interest we have
In bird life.
At the same time, we may rightly try
to mitigate the excuses Of killing which
might 60 on. People In strictly agricul-
tural pursuits often tend 10 exaggerate
the damage done 10 fruit BY birds. for
instance.
The, golden mean. here as elsewhere.
u desirable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
By Crosby S. Moves

THE LITTLE man at the big meeting
l. one Of the most pathetic of for
gotten men-is due for break.
At least that's the feeling Of q group
Of experts here who have been working
hard on new methods for helping out
the little men and the people who plan
meetings.
Their solicitude is not entirely for the
anonymous convention delegate. The
experts-most Of them educators and
psychologists from the PROPOSE
ton that meetings usually are called with
the idea Of accomplishing something.
occasionally something worthwhile.
The experts go on to say that most
OF these meetings, of which the District
has more than its share, are dops. And
the bigger the meeting is, the less likely
it is that anything constructive will be
accomplished.
Here in Washington. the problem is
being attacked by plain talking. tousle-
headed psychologist named Leland P.
Bradford. He is director of the National
Education Associations division of adult
education and also heads an outfit
known as the National Training Lab
oratory in Group Development.
DR.. Bradford has plenty Of ideas about
why big meetings are likely to be a
waste of time. Most of them boil down
to the fact that there is too little contact
between the speaker and the man in the
audience.
1.-THE speaker" says DR.. Bradford,
concentrates on the delivery of his own
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Truck Drivers, Please Note

am writing to you in the hope it will
come to the attention of the truck driver
who struck my black cocker spaniel on
Saturday. May IS, around noon on
Greentree road just east of Bradmoor
drive in Bethesda. A witness told me
that the man returned after hitting my
dog. and put him in the truck and left.
I do not blame the driver for hitting
him if my dog ran in front of his truck,
but do want to know where my dog
is. if he is dead or if he is receiving
some medical attention.
The dog wore dark red collar, a 1850
Maryland dog tag No. COIL, and a metal
capsule inside Of which is my name adj
dress and telephone number. We loved
our dog and want to help him If we can.
have been told that bystander told
the driver to take that damn dog and
get him out of here" Perhaps you
thought he was the owner, and heart
less one. But If you read this, please
call Wisconsin 5095 and let us know
what happened to our pet.
Dorothy Horlander.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
This and That

Reports of a dozen magpies near
Emmitsburg. Md, point up changing
conditions in food reserves for wild
creatures.
Changing reserves brought the evening
grosbeaks to Washington.
The coyote is becoming problem in
the western part Of Pennsylvania. t
AS dislocations of various kinds occur.
brought about by great fires. foods and
the human factor, we may expect to see
more changes.
Although regarded as a great pest, the
magpie is striking bird.
It is a member of the crow and jay
family, and is almost 30 inches long.
The plumage is black. with much
white on the shoulders and abdomen.
The tail is very long.
The size of the creature, with the
marked contrast Of black and white and
that extremely long tail. Identifies this
American rnagpie.
A nest full Of young magpieS makes q
very pretty sight. The nest is usually
placed in a tree from s to SO feet high.
It Is easy TO see but hard to reach.
It is Of mud. rooted over with small
branches. with the entrance on the side
in many cases. =. The feature Of the
structure is the bristling array of cut
branches that greet the intruder. It Ii
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Return Appearance Advisable

It begins to look as If return appearance
by Frank Erickson, New York gambler, before
Senate subcommittee would be in order. This
comes about as a result Of some highly interest
ing bookkeeping by this admitted bookmaker.
The books, found in a raid by the New York
District Attorneys Office, not only confirm
reports that the gambling racket is big business,
but that it has widespread qualifications of an
interstate nature. Documentary evidence Of this
sort is just what Senator Kefauver's newly
created crime investigating committee Is looking
for.
Senatorial investigators ought to lose no
time in giving the New York betting "kingpin"
an opportunity to explain about Frank Costello.
In his appearance here recently Erickson testi-
fed under oath that he had no business dealings
with the underworld character Of that name.
But the raiders at Erickson's headquarters found
papers covering loans totaling $4,000 to one
Frank Costello, in addition to other indications
of business transactions with him. The discrep-
ancies between Erickson's testimony and his
private records need to be Strengthened out.
In fact, the discovery of the papers paves
the way for a more searching inquiry into the
activities of Erickson and his associates than
was possible during his previous appearance
here. Then there was little information available
on which to base questions The witness had
relatively easy time Of it. A second questioning
undoubtedly would prove a great deal more
fruitful. The Senate inquiry should be CO.
ordinated with that of the New York prosecutor,
however, rather than conducted in competition
with the grand jury. There is no occasion for
conflict between the two Investigations, for the
Kefauver group is concerned with field far
beyond the jurisdiction of the New York
authorities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Civil vs.. Criminal Anti Trust Cases

The light fines which District Court Judge
Holtzon assessed against the defendants in the
milk price fixing case came as no surprise to
those who have followed this unusual trial. For,
as the court commented in convicting the Mary
land and Virginia Milk Producers Association its
secretary-treasurer and two local diaries of con-
Spiracy, the Government produced no evidence
of EVIL intent" In fact, Government counsel
frankly asserted that the Department of Justice
did not contend that these men have been
vicious or predatory" He said the Government
recognized them to be men of integrity and of
business ability and so forth"
It was these frank admissions that prompted
Judge Holtzof to ask Then why did you pro-
coed against them by an indictment instead of
a civil suit?" This is a good question that ought
to be answered by the Attorney General or his
Antitrust Division attorneys. It is a question
that might be applicable to some other criminal
antitrust cases brought against ''men of integ-
rity and Of business ability and so forth" An
additional remark by the Judge is worth quoting:
II might say this, and it has been passing
through my mind throughout the trial: IRE
spective of which way the decision goes, this
should have been civil suit, because think it
is unfair to indict reputable businessmen who are
of good standing for an alleged violation of law
which at most is a debataple one and which does
not involve any analevolent or immoral act"
This may be heresy, coming as it does from
former Department of Justice official (the judge
was for years special assistant to the Attorney
General but most fair-minded citizens will
concur In the courts views
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Saving Lives Merits Priority

The impotence evidenced by members of
the annual Traffic Court Conference over the
tagging driver training program in District high
schools is understandable. While other cities are
adopting and expanding the safety education
plan, Washington still is graduating thousands
Of high school students each year without having
instructed them in either the theory or practice
of car operation. If the experience Of sother
Jurisdictions is criterion the failure to provide
such training in all of the local high schools is
factor in Washington's annual traffic accident
toll. It was pointed out at the conference that
accidents among drivers of high school age have
been cut in half by driver courses.
The chief obstacle to extension of the pro-
gram to all of the sixteen high schools of the
District is money, the conference was informed
by Associate Superintendent of Schools Cantrel
It would cost $4,000 year to open the courses
in all Of the public high schools -Four schools
already offer this type of instruction. School
Superintendent Corning asked for this sum in
the pending budget, but the item was eliminated
at the District Building. Safety organizations
nevertheless have asked Congress to grant the
small fund needed-but with little prospect of
success 1t was disclosed at the conference that
DR.. Corning favors the program, but not at the
expense of other items in the school budget.
1t does seem that the life-saving potenti-
alities of the youth-instruction plan would
warrant its inclusion in the appropriation bill,
even If it meant practicing some economies in
other types of education. If the investment of
less than $4,000 year will save some lives or
avert some injuries, it is hard to convince safety
authorities that driver training courses should
give way to some other school activities that now
have priority.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
The Old Guard Dies

Governor James H. Duffs smashing defeat
OF the Old Guard Republicans in Pennsylvania
is a convincing demonstration that Republican
voters, as distinguished from some Republican
leaders, want to keep abreast of the times.
No amount of wishful thinking can read
into the primary returns the slightest hope or
comfort for the Grundy faction in Pennsylvania
With the count virtually complete, Governor
Duff had 949,791 votes to 428,562 for his oppo-
nent Representative John c. Kunkel. That is
better than two-to-one margin, and when
one considers the normal power of the Grundy
organization, it is popular revolt of sensational
proportions.
The magnitude of the Duff victory is the
more remarkable because his "progressiveness"
took the form of generalities rather than
specific legislative program. During the cam
paign he said that the COP should be IAN
organization that is broad and not exclusive;
party Of service and not of privilege; party of
faith In the future and not backward looking;
party that Is progressive and not back sliding;
party that is consistent, not petty" Other
Republican candidates-Governor Dewey for
instance-have embraced the same kind of
general progressiveness, and have said it better
But Governor Duff's brand was good enough for
Pennsylvania ....-......
After ALL in contrast to what former Senator
Joe Grundy offered, the Governor was way out
in front. Mr.. Grundy had openly run the
Republican Party in Pennsylvania from the
headquarters Of the Pennsylvania Manufacturers
Association. He was proud of his conservatism
Of his belief that what was good for business was
good for the people, and he never yielded an
inch to any other point of view. Questioned after
Governor Duffs victory, the 87-year-old Mr..
Grundy said that he would have no comment to
make until I get awake and find out what's
going on"
1t looks, however, as though Mr.. Grundy
and the others of the Old Guard have been
asleep too long. There has been too much going
on in the minds Of the people that they didn't
know anything about and wouldn't have under
stood If they had known about it. And so, for
the foreseeable future in Pennsylvania, at least
the Republican Old Guard is politically dead.
The only remaining question is whether it win
Observation-Disclosures 1t will realize that Governor
Duff's victory means that the people-the
Republican people-are no longer satisfied with
hidebound conservatism. II the leaders of the
Republican Party-an of them-will recognize
this and act accordingly, the party's future may
not be as dark as some would have us believe
But if the Old Guard refuses to surrender if it
now tries to wage a fight within the party
against its own progressives, there is not much
that the Republicans can look forward to.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Magic of Ex-cornmunists'

May congratulate you on your out
standing editorial Of May II entitled
"The Magic Of Communists? Force.
full and perceptive writing of this caliber,
combined with such courageous speeches
as that made. by Senator Chavez on
May IL. should help to end this Shiny
racket Of the professional ex-Communist
assuming that he really is "ex''-who
leaps for the headlines and stabs decent
Americans in the back from the witness
stand, wallowing the while in phony
penitence and shedding crocodile tears
for his victims. The public is becoming
aware-as assume the FBI has long
been aware-that the testimony of On
ex-CommuniSt is valuable for tips and
leads, indicating lines of independent
investigation, and is valuable for very
little else.
Let us assume that Senator Mccarthy
were able to parade through the wit
ness stand the entire membership Of
the American Communist Party, plus
Stain and his comrades of the Russian
Politburo, and that each of these
worthless swore that DR.. baltimore was
fellow Communist. The American
public would still rely. am sure, on
the testimony Of Brig. Gen. Thorpe. An
American Army officer, retired after a
long and distinguished Army career, can
hardly be accused. even by Mccarthy,
of having Interior political motives. And
since Gen. Thorpe made two thorough
Investigations of DR.. baltimore m his
capacity as Gen. MacArthur's chief
VI counter intelligence for the Pacific
theater. Gen. Thorpe unquestionably
knows the facts. In the American scale
OF justice. one Army officer of unques-
toned integrity and competence out
weighs any number of Communists,
bona-fide ex-Communists. or pseudo ex-
Communists.
Your editorial phrase. modern
Pied Pipers whose magic attracts all the
little children along with all the rats
is very apt description Of the age-old
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Anti-Semitism

One of the most unfortunate misuses
of the term -Semitism" is its recent
application to Senator Pat McCarran Of
Nevada.
Senator McCarran made exhaustive
study Of the European Displaced Per-
sons problem: uncovered mess Of ir-
Irregularities in connection with their
admittance into this country; recon-
mended legislation to stop the gaps and
to keep out undesirables. For his pains
the cry of "anti-Semitism" was raised
against him.
No longer can "anti-Semitism1 be re-
garded as term Of reproach. AS prosti-
tuted and misapplied, it no longer sug-
gests vulgar opposition to Jews because
OF their race or religion. It's current
use as red-herring and smear word
is as unfortunate as it is reprehensible.
Franklin Hichborn.
Santa Clara, Calf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-05-19
Tryeve Lies Proposals

On March %. Gen. Eisenhower de-
clared: ITO prevent the crime Of war,
all nations and all ideologies can unite
: without sacrifice Of principle"
This conviction Of his is shared by
millions Of thoughtful and well-informed
Americans. And now is the strategic
moment to act upon it, for Trygve Lie
is proposing . plan which would tend
to stabilize conditions in the Far East
and to reduce the East-West tension. II
the United States would agree to this,
it might well prove to be the key to
further understanding and to the end
Ing OF the costly and dangerous cold war.
Since the terms of Mr.. Lies plan are
mutually advantageous, both parties
should be able to keep them-from ex-
pediency. even II not because Of high
moral standards.
II we refuse to come to reasonable
terms with the Russians, the result will
be either continued-and probably &C.
Notwithstanding away Of the non
Communist world. by Moscow, or an
atomic bacteriologica war.
Alice Franklin Bryant.
Seattle, Wash.