davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-07-01
Construction
Needs Careful
Plan, Boss Says
Process Requires
Coordination of
Many SkiIIs
By Robert }. Lewis

Neoi Gsiote CotIot ot iHo Stof
You who glue your eyes to knot
holes to get a glimpse Of opera
tions on construction jobs =.
You who operate typewriters OF
prepare legal briefs or sell news
papers to the accompaniment OF
the fearful thump of the pile
driver -.
You who unflaggingly wonder
by what magic many men, amidst
much seeming confusion, put q
big building together -.
To you this short report is di-
rected, in the hope that it will
throw some additional light on
the questions that have plagued
you as you watched, and heard
and speculated about a big con-
struction job.
Let's look at the unusual project
bounded by New York avenue. II
street and Fourteenth street NV.
talk to the construction superin-
tendent, and let him give us a few
facts about the mystery of con-
structing a big building.
2 Different Projects.
On this site, two sharply differ
ent kinds of projects are being
built simultaneously by the same
builder. One is the Wyatt Build
ing. a history Office structure,
and the other is the new New
York Avenue Presbyterian Church
In personal charge of the con-
struction is David j. Morton, jr.,
a sandy haired man who some
times gets so busy that he has
pencils Graded behind both ears.
Mr.. Morton's title is construc-
ton superintendent. He works for
the Charles H. Tompkins Co., the
general contractor. His immedi-
ate superior is F. L. Brown, gen.
eral superintendent of the job.
Above Mr.. Brown in line of COM
nand is j. Slater Davidson, a vice
president Of the Tompkins firm.
Mr.. Davidson has upper-level re-
sponsibility for a number of con-
struction jobs.
With that explanation over
with. let's step into Mr.. Morton's
office on the lob. It is of frame,
and located above the sidewalk
on the H street side of the site.
You first have to persuade him
to talk.
Leave out the personal stuff
about me-" he says.
How do you know what to do
to keep things running smoothly?"
you ask him.
Experience Counts.
There's nothing unusual about
knowing what has to be done, :"
says Mr.. Morton. IT couldn't go
into your Office and run your
paper. But I have experience in
this business"
p Starting from scratch on the
usual construction job, he went
on, there is. in general, a custom
ary train of events.
First, the temporary facilities
on the site must be constructed by
carpenters. A covered walkway
must be built over the sidewalk
for protection of pedestrians. This
is known as 'the bridge"
Next comes the excavation.
Then the footings are put in
place. If the site doesn't have a
firm enough bottom, the job will
need clusters of pilings driven
down into the ground to rest on a
firm bottom.
Next comes the pouring of REIN
forced concrete caps over the
pilings. When the building be-
gins to rise, it rests on these firm
concrete footings.
The pilings on this job were
driven down an average of At
Evening star., 1950-03-31
Complete Home
Entertainment
TELEvIsIoN

121k Inch tube Magic Mirror"
model that banishes glare, gives
brighter picture one-knob
automatic .tuning-picture and
station come in together auto
matically built-in aerial
no need for outside aerial In
most locations-nothing extra to
buy -. plus many other Admiral
featuresl
Evening star., 1950-03-31
STANDARD RADIO

Powerful AM radio with high
sensitivity Superheterodyne cir
cult that Utilities newest minia-
ture tubes {. wide range tone
control, from treble to bass.
Evening star., 1950-03-31

Rely on Admiral -. and Lacy's -.
for the newest in television at the
lowest in price! This 1850 handsome
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standingly low-priced! one-knob
tuning (even child can operate it,,
Built-in antenna, automatic gain
control and automatic lock-in are
just few Of many features. Ready
at any Of Lacy's 5 stores.
Evening star., 1950-03-31
IS rpm RECORD PLAYER

1873 rpm RECORD PLAYER
Plays twelve n, 10" or IL" rec
ords, gives you up to : hours Of
music! IS g~-Cr 7sHc.ge ~
--ss ~
@S-~ aF.@ sa@a~.s
Evening star., 1950-03-31
7s rpm RECORD PLAYER

Plays twelve 10" or ten IL" stand
ard records automatically-one
spindle and one needle for all
recordsl
Evening star., 1950-12-31

didn't have one-tenth the opportunity for
amusement and relaxation that we have.
He hadn't any radios to bring him news,
dramas, humor and music right in his own
home Today, according to the CHS research
department, there are 100000 radios in
the nation. Obviously, he also hadn't any
television; there are already 100000 sets
in the US. The memory merchants always
point out how healthy the legitimate theater
was in the bygone days as compared with its
present decline there were 68 legitimate
theaters flourishing in Manhattan in 1900 and
only 81 today. But the average man in the
average city didn't benefit by Broadways
boom. He was lucky if he saw a couple of
travelling shows year.
Dozen Year
In CONTRAST, in 1850 he has his choice every
night of half dozen different pictures in his
neghborhood movie houses (there are 10000
of them throughout the U.S.). Much of what
he sees is admittedly perishable stuff but if he
living far more richly than Grandpa. Today,
too, there are IL 800 private and public
libraries i'm the US. In the good old days
there were 5.4OO.
Even if there had been more things for
Grandfather to see and do in his city, he
couldn't have gotten to them and back in
those short evenings he had to himself. For
in that great erasthe automobile was in its
infancy; only 5000 fragile, sputtering cars
existed in 1900. Today there is one auto for
every four Americans.
Continued o,, page 10
Evening star., 1950-12-31

ing than the contrast between S2,24O and
So, 7O8 What counts isn't just total income
but how hard you work for it. In 1900 says
Historian Mark Sullivan. the 1O-hour work
day and six-day week were nearly standard,
and the average American worked between SIS
and so hours a week. Even if the average
mans dollar was three times as big as yours,
his buying power per actual hour OF work was
far less than one-half as much as yours.
A mans suit may have cost only one-fifth
as many dollars in those days as it does today.
But the average-income American male
i'm the good old days had to work about ~
hours to earn enough to buy that suit;
today he earns enough i'm q hours.
To buy two pounds of pork chops for the
family dinner, man sweated one full hour
in those days; today 40 minutes of work will
do it. In the days of the nickel quart of milk
Grandpa worked an hour for five quarts for his
kids - you work only half an hour
More Leisure for Grandpa
In GENERAL. the conclusion is inescapable:
the average American has standard OF living
about twice as high as he'd have enjoyed had
he been his own Grandpa - and at cost of
nearly one-thrd less work
What does that mean in terms of leisure
and enjoyment of life? How about that famil-
lar claim that the good old days were unhur-
ried relaxed, full of leisure, while the modern
age never gives man time to loaf?
Well, there are l68 hours in week. You
sleep about Sc of them, spend maybe dozen
dressing bathing and getting to work. and
another one to two dozen eating. Grandpa
Evening star., 1950-12-31

averaged the same. But after his S. or GO
hour work week, he had only about % hours
left for leisure, relaxation and recreation.
You have about 43 - twice the leisure that
Grandpa had and, consequently, twice as
much of the good life.
But if Grandpa, who had the great fortune
to be born so years earlier, didn't have much
leisure, maybe it was just as we'll He would
MT have had much to do with it anyhow,
Evening star., 1950-12-31

no YOU ever think you were born so years
old days? Have you seen or read Life With
Father, ,""Cheaper BY The Dozen" or Mother
Wore Tights" and sighed for the times when
everything was cheap, when life was leisurely.
when home was spacious, when women knew
their place. and when there was neither in
come tax, parking problem nor atom bomb?
Chances are you have. This year of 1850
has been open season for fond "reminiscences
of the better life" that used to be. The truth
is, we've become cOntemptuous OF the ex-
cellence of our own life and times. We're be-
coming addicts to the worship Of the bygone.
But as Novelist Clyde Brion Davis says in
his anti good old days book. The Age of
Indiscretion' Iippincott): Nostalgia is
habit forming drug narcotic. 1t is refuge
Of the aged, the rose scented goose grease on
the toboggan slide to senility."
Not So Cheap
JUST how good were the good old days? Let's
see
Probably the most attractive thing in the
"reminiscences of the turn Of the century is the
low price of everything. You could buy milk
at nickel quart, eggs at Ia cents dozen
and good suit of clothes for about $40
OF course admit the nostalgia ones, people
didn't earn as much then - but with prices
so fantastically low, the living was easy
They're overlooking few pertinent facts
however True, one dollar in 1900 was worth
little over three times the 1850 dollar in
terms of general buying power. But the aver
age middle-class family of Grandpa's day
brought home only 700 of those jumbo dol
lars per year, while today's average family
drags in $4,000. Even multiplying the 500
by 80 Ito make it equivalent to today's
shrunken dollar, it only comes to $2,240 as
against that $4,000. Today's average Ameri
can family is practically twice as well off
financially as its equivalent of the good old
days.
OF course. todays wage Garner is taxed,
while 1905 wage-earner wasn't. So let's take
the average family of four at todays with
holding taxes: that knocks the income down
to So, ,7O8 But those taxes buy dozens of serv
ices. assurances and conveniences that Grand
pa never got Yet the real difference between
the good old days and today is far more strik-
Evening star., 1950-12-31
TILL TAKE l9Sl!' b, n,,,,. N. Hun.

the gd old days.? Here's
a you're off than grandfather
Evening star., 1950-01-31
Sandhill Crane.

If you have ever heard the far
reaching call of the sandhill crane,
you will never forget it. On the
still air comes the loud notes like
ratchet on a great pulley. It is
not without some musical value.
But when a group of them take up
the theme, the sound is penetrating
and unpleasant.
They have follow the Leader
formation high in the sky as they
race toward happy winter vacation
days. No matter if they are high
enough to remain invisible, their
voices float to earth in tones clear
to those familiar with them.
1t is said that during the first
days when the white man was
establishing himself in Oregon, sand
hill cranes were numerous; in fact
up to the first years of this CEN
tury is was not unusual to watch
a flock of 100 or more drift by.
Today, the sandhill crane is
bowling out, Soon he will be rare
bird. In the breeding season, from
Canada to California and as far east
as South Dakota and Michigan
where at one time the marshes and
mountain meadows roared with
their voices, all is still.
In the autumn those remaining
of the once vast number take off
for Mexico and Florida.
The crane in the air is sight
worth seeing. Their great wings
curved earthward, long legs stream
ing and necks outstretched as they
watch the earth below for any
creature that can be subdued by
their powerful beak. One snap is
sufficient to capture mouse, frog,
or grasshopper, any of which are
tipped into the air with the assur-
ance of skilled juggler and swal-
lowed as the prize enters the cavern
GUS mouth.
Sandhill cranes are spectacular
dancers. Several gather at favor
ite dance pavilion of raised ground
where they can view the land for
a half mile. They begin by lifting
Evening star., 1950-01-31
RECOMMENDATION Clinic.

@. My fellow announcers and I
have a dispute about the correct
way to speak of homogenized milk.
My dictionary accents the first syl-
liable of homogenize, and that's the
way I pronounce it on the air. But
listeners are writing me some pretty
sarcastic letters about it. The other
announcers think ] should say "hoe-
.MODGE-uh-nize' Would you mind
putting the word through your pro-
nunciation clinic? I'll abide by your
decision.-J. w. T.
A. My advice is, say: hoe-MODGE-
uh-nize.
I have always held that any pro-
nunciation that Is unfamiliar, or too
precise, or pedantic sounding is q
bad pronunciation regardless of
what the dictionary says. Such a
pronunciation is stoplight, switch
ing the listeners attention from
what is being said to how it Is being
said.
The average American had never
heard of the word homogenize until
a few years ago when homogenized
milk was introduced by dairies
throughout the country. Dairymen
and radio announcers invariably
pronounced 1t: hoe-MoDGE-uh-
Evening star., 1950-01-31
7 axe Ny Word for 1t
BY frank Colby

nize, accenting the second syllable,
and rhyming it with lodge, dodge.
Americans turned to their diction-
aries to learn about the word, but
found that 1t was not listed by desk
size dictionaries. However, some of
us found the word in Webster's
new international and in Funk and
Wagnalls' new standard,
But this discovery didn't help US
much, for Webster's defines homog-
enize as ito pass milk, cream, ETC.,
through q homogenizer to break up
the fat globules, casein shreds, ETC.,
increasing digestibility." The Web
ster pronunciation is: HOE-moe-
jen-ize.
On the other hand, F. and w.
new standards definition of homog-
enize is: ito trace to q common
stock or origin" and the pronunci-
alton is: hoe-MODGE-i-nize.
Webster's definition of homog-
enize accurately describes the pro-
cess employed by dairy products
companies.
But "HOE-moe- -jen-ize" does not
occur in the standard American
speech. We Americans say: hoe
MODGE- uh-nize, and that pronun-
citation is now the only choice OF the
{ new century, Grosset and Dun1ap's
Evening star., 1950-01-31
ADVERTISEMENT
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with its bad breath, lack of pep, sal-
low skin-take DR.. Edwards Olive
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more natural-like bowel movements.
For years, DR.. F. M. Edwards, q
noted Ohio Doctor, relieved his
constipated patients with his Olive
Tablets-now sold by all drugstores.
Olive Tablets are strictly all vege-
table. They work on BOTH upper and
lower bowels and clean waste from
entire intestinal tract giving you
complete satisfaction. 15e. 30e and 500.
Evening star., 1950-01-31
Natures S Children
By LiIIion Cox Athey

their heads as high as nature per-
mits then they bow low several
times until they are bouncing like
feathered balls, leaping over one
another with wings half spread like
some TRIBE dance which it is. The
speed increases as new dancers
arrive. After an hour this dance
becomes a wild frenzy and when a
bird standing four feet high from
toe to beak tries to Guidance
another, feathers fly!
Sandhill cranes are often con-
fused with the blue heron. Both
wear the same blue-gray color.
But the crane is larger and of separ-
ate order.
Sandhill cranes build their nests
Evening star., 1950-01-31
Goren on Bridue

Declarer could have salvaged
today's hand by resort to an ele-
mentary though, strangely enough,
little-known safety play.
The final contract was sound
enought, though there is some ques-
tion as to the method in which it
was reached. After North's opening
of one club South temporized with
a bid of one spade and North rebid
one no-trump. This, to be sure
is rather on the conservative side,
but no other suitable call was now
available to him. A two-no-trump
rebid by the opener requires 10
points and North had scarcely
more than Is. South, having
almost an opening bid himself fac
ing partners opening bid, naturally
moved forward with a raise to
two no-trump, lacking by. one
point sufficient strength to con-
tract for game himself. The pre-
ferred opening bid with North's
hand is one no-trump, with this
evenly balanced hand containing
16 points. This simplif1es future
problems.
The opening lead of the jack of
hearts was taken in dummy with
the king. With eight top-card
tricks in sight, declarer set about
to develop his ninth trick in clubs.
He led the three. West played the
five, North the ten and East won
with the queen. When that suit
broke badly, North was unable to
develop an additional club trick.
His partner was critical of North's
play of the three of clubs, contend
ing that he should have led the
jack. South's suggested play would
have succeeded in this case, but his
technique does not impress us
with its soundness Had the actual
club holding been reversed, the
jack would be covered with the
singleton queen and declarer would
have found it impossible to develop
O second club trick.
The proper play to assure the
making of two club tricks with
this combination, no matter how
the cards are divided, is the ace
of clubs, followed by a small one.
If the clubs are divided, 30, the
long club will naturally develop,
but If the clubs break badly, assum-
ing even that all five are in one
hand, the play of the ace will sue
ceed.
Let us assume that they are all
in the West hand. After the ace
is played small one is led toward
the jack. forcing West to win with
the queen. Subsequently the four
of clubs is led toward the ten
which cannot be prevented from
taking trick. This is an inter-
esting card combination and the
student will find it profitable to
spread the North and South clubs
on the table and distribute the
remaining five cards in all possible
combinations.
TOMORROW'S PROBLEM.
As South you hold;
a lot y AK8742 o A53 q So
The bidding has proceeded:
North East South West
/ spade Pass hearts Pass
z spades Pass ?
What do you bid now?
sCopyright. 1850. by Charles II. Goren.)
Evening star., 1950-01-31

words: the new dictionary, Funk
and Wagnalls' new college standard,
and Webster's new collegiate (1929,
and the first choice OF the American
college dictionary.
Evening star., 1950-01-31
Malt and Barley Used

An average barrel Of beer uses
SO pounds Of malt, or about one
bushel. About one bushel of barley
lis required to prepare the bushel
|of malt.
Evening star., 1950-01-31
Sex Crimes Increase
BY Gus Arriolo

PITTSBURGH. tR.-Sex cases
are on the increase in the Steel
City. Warden Charles D. Dye OF
the Allegheny County jail re-
ports that one out of 10 persons
lodged in the jail during 194e
was charged with a morals of
fense. He says 1889 persons were
charged with sex crimes in 1913,
with sthe number rising to 1,2SS
last year.
Evening star., 1950-01-31
Word Come
Find 81 or more words in
PALPITAT

meaning. "to throb; futter." Az
erage is 20; limit, Is minutes.
Rules-Words must be Of four or more
letters. Words which acquire four letters
by the addition of 's,'' such as bats -
eats are not used. Only one form of a
word is used. Proper names are not used
A list will be published tomorrow.
Evening star., 1950-01-31
Answer to DISPoRT.

in the water, often in a swampy
meadow near a jungle of cattails.
The youngsters are small gad-abouts
who are known to give a plaintiye
whistle when lost.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1950-03-31
Eretz YisroeI And
The World

The establishment of the State
of Israel is an event the full i'm
portance of which time alone
can reveal. It's establishment is
certain, however, to afford new
opportunities for creative Jewish
living in the Diaspora as well as
in Israel. It is the land in which
the spiritual uniqueness of Juda-
ism can assert itself and, I'M
hampered by the need of ac-
commodation to the dominance
of non-Jewish environment, be
translated into living reality.
For the full realization of these
opportunities, it is necessary that
Jews both in Israel and in the
Diaspora agree on the following
propositions:
l. The Jewries of Israel and
of the Diaspora constitute one
indivisible people, bound to-
gether by common participation
in Judaism, their religious civil
ization.
2. The Jewish community in
Israel, constituting, as it does,
the majority of the population in
a democratic state, is not subject
to the pressures of another and
dominant civilization and, there
fore, is best equipped to generate
the cultural and spiritual forces
that can unity the other sections
of world Jewry. 1t can best de-
monstrate to the world that Jew
ish civilization treasures spiritual
and ethical values above merely
political goals.
3. Though the Jews who live
elsewhere than in Israel share
with Israeps Jewry, as well as
with other Jewries, the common
religious civilization of the Jew
ish people and their Hebraic cul-
ture, they owe their sole civic
or political allegiance to the states
to. which they belong and are
nationals of those states alone.
This has been the universal at
titude of the Zionist movement
both in Israel and in the Dia-
spora.
4. To facilitate the unifying
function of Israeli Jewry and to
maintain the spiritual bonds
uniting Israeli and Diaspora
Jewry, it is important that chan
nels of reciprocal religious and
cultural influence be established.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1950-03-31

A pier in New York was the
scene of the first meeting of
RosaIy Schneider (left), 4o-year.
old DIP brought to the United
States with the aid of HAS, The
Hebrew immigrant Aid Society,
and her sister, Dora Weiner, 81,
Of Brooklyn, whom she had new.
err seen. Mrs. Weiner immierated
to the United States in 1910.
Shortly afterwards her sister
RosaIy was born in ThorI, Aus.
tria. Mrs. Schneider's father and
three sisters perished In NazI
death camps. Soon after the
war ended HAS officials notified
Mrs. WeIner that her sister was
the only one Of her kin to have
survived.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1950-03-26

teeming with "the glorious
trout"
And good word can also
be put in for the cause of cul-
tural relations with our neigh
bors, about which there has
been no little sarcastic comment
on the part of certain politi-
clans. Any one who thinks that
the information and cultural
attaches in our embassies sit in
their Offices and merely hand
out pamphlets and printed mat
ter about the United States to
any who may happen to come
asking for them is sadly mis-
taken. Most of their time is
spent travelling out over the
various countries, even to the
smallest villages as we'll as the
large cities, getting acquainted
with the people.
In Monterrey, Gua'delajara
and other Mexican cities a Sc
ries of libraries have been
established. where the best
books on United States history,
Government and literature may
be read, studied or borrowed.
These libraries have become So
cial and cultural centers.
Movies Instructive
Other officers of the embassies
and consulates in these coun-
tries take sound trucks and tour
the villages and small towns,
even the rural districts, exhibit
ing educational films. These
films demonstrate how to drain
and irrigate land, improve agri-
cultural crops and care prop
erly for live stock. They show
what sanitation means to the
health of a community, how to
prevent malaria and other dis
eases. More than five million
Mexicans. Indians and others
throughout Middle America
have seen these pictures.
The fame of this work, of
these pictures has spread like
a prairie fire. The Catholic
church is one of the leaolng
agencies for the dissemination
of United States educational
movies in Latin America. In
Costa RIGA, a priest from a re-
mote village heard that embassy
representatives were showing
such pictures in outlying sec
lions of the country. He did not
wait for them to come to him.
He travelled two days on foot to
San Jose to invite Albert Hark-
ness, information officer of the
Embassy, to visit his community.
1t took nearly two days to make
it by jeep. and it was necessary
to take along a portable cleo
trio generator in order to run
the machine, but every man,
woman and child in the valley
was on hand for the perform
ance.