davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-01-19
Over 200 At County
Baseball Banquet

Dutch" Dorman Is Guest
Speaker-Many Fine Trophies
Awarded = World Series Pic
lures Shown.
The annual banquet of the Wash
ington County Baseball League.
which was held Friday night in the
Smithsburg Community Hall, was
an outstanding success in every re-
spect. From the moment the more
than 200 guests sat down to the fine
turkey dinner supplied by the la
dies, until the showing of the 1949
World Series pictures were com
pleted, there was something of in
terest going on all the time.
Paul Macy, the president of the
league, who has done perhaps more
than any other man in this com
munity to sponsor amateur and
semi-pro baseball, welcomed the
members of the league and guests
and then turned the meeting over
to Dawson HORNE, of Myersville,
who as POSTMASTER kept the program
going at a merry pace.
During the evening the following
awards were made: the Semler-Mc-
Faddin trophy to the Boonsboro
team, winners of the pennant; the
John B. Huyett trophy to the Smiths
burg team, winners of the play-offs;
the Cement Workers Local No. 80
AFOL trophy, to Williamsport, run
ners-up in the play-offs; the Secur-
ity Athletic Club trophy for the most
valuable player, presented to Har-
old Carr, of Funkstown; the South
End Tavern award for the leading
pitcher, to Fred Trovinger, of
Funkstown; the Sender McFaddin
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-01-19

award for the leading hitter to Joe
Hartle, of Boonsboro; and the James
R. r. Black trophy to ''Chick" Day,
selected as manager of the All Star
team.
Following the presentation of the
trophies, there was an impressive
minute of silent prayer in memory
of the late D. Lee Staley, a former
president of the league, and a mem
Der of the advisory board of the
league at the time of his death.
The guest speaker was Fred
Dutch" Dorman, manager of the
Hagerstown Braves, who proved
himself to be just as able an after
dinner speaker as he is a MANAGER
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1950-01-19

ever the Hagerstown Braves are on
the road, the stadium will be avail
able to their league and to any other
amateur league, at a nominal rate.
Others seated at the head table
were: Rex Bowen. scout of the
Brooklyn Dodgers; Eddie Brooks,
president of the Baltimore Amateur
Federation of Baseball League; Pat
Duffey, president of the Independent
League; John B. Huyett, a member
of the House of Delegates; Dick
Kelly, sports editor of the Daily
Mail; Frank Colley, sports editor of
the Morning Herald, and yours
truly.
Evening star., 1950-05-18
Tom Wallace Stresse,
lnspirationaI Values
OF National Parks

The historic, scenic and in
spirational values of the national
parks, rather than their purely
recreational worth. should be
stressed, in the opinion of Tom
Wallace, editor emeritus Of The
Louisville Ky) Times.
Mr.. Wallace addressed the Ma
tional Citizens Conference on
Planning yesterday in the Hotel
Statler.
"The material value of the ma
tional preserves. including the ma
tional parks, is greater than all
the development of Coney Island
and Broadway combined" the
editor declared.
He pointed to the fallacy Of
depending on mere numbers Of
visitors to support the argument
that the parks must be preserved
inviolate.
The national parks must con-
stantly Withstand encroachment
from those with skillful propa-
ganda, Mr.. Wallace said.
He pointed out that the Amer
lean people are spending S. mil
lion to renovate the White House,
because they want to preserve
that historic structure.
1T is not necessary to give up
l foot of our national parks to
develop anything" he added.
The conference, which ended its
five-day session yesterday, was
sponsored by the American Plan
ming and Civic Association and
the American Institute of Plan
ners. The prominent landscape
architect. Frederick Law Olmsted
of Brookline, Mass. presided over
the final luncheon meeting.
The afternoon session was de-
voted to the general subject: de-
Tending Our Scenic Resources.
Horace M. Albright, the associa-
tion's chairman of the board and
former National Park Service
director, presided.
Evening star., 1950-05-18
Dr.. crowford to Speak
To Syracuse Alumni

DR.. Ffnla @. Crawford. vice
chancellor Of Syracuse University.
VIII speak at the spring dinner Of
Washington alumni at 7:30 pm.
tomorrow at the Hotel Dupont
Plaza. DR.. Crawford Is chairman
Of the political science depart
ment in the Maxwell School Of
Citizenship and Public Affairs.
Arthur Gabriel. assistant field
secretary Of the association. win
show school football films. Mrs.
John Shanklin. $500 Asbury place
NV. is in charge of reservations.
Evening star., 1950-05-18
Court Conference Adopts 22Point Plan to Promote Safety

committee was adopted without
comment, except the one dealing
with the right of Municipal Court
judges to suspend traffic court
sentences.
Originally the resolutions COM
mittee proposed that Congress be
asked to enact legislation permit
ting this practice.
Judge Brice Claggett Of the Mu-
nicipal Court of Appeals offered
an amendment asking that the
recommendation be held up a
year.
Judge Claggett earlier had said
that there were too many sentence
Evening star., 1950-05-18

suspensions In the past-when
such q practice was allowed-and
characterized such actions as hav-
ing the effect of ticket fixing"
Municipal Court Judge Milton
S. Kronheim protested any delay
in the recommendation and said
the right to suspend q sentence
should rest with q judge to apply
it as he saw At. Judge Kronheim
said he originally suggested the
resolution and declined to ac-
cept" the amendment.
After considerable argument.
the compromise resolution calling
Evening star., 1950-05-18
Double Blankets, s3's'

" ere %OsIO
40 Of s5% cotton end so wool. In escorted
ploids. Full size.
White cotsoa Sheet Blsnksts with whipped edges 8lxo5
inches. Were $2e5. Now
FuII-siss Chenille sprssds in escorted coou. Were
Is Shower Ensembles including curtain and window do-
peries Of postie Assorted eoIor Were $295 Now 95
Z ceten sefs Covers. Were sl4.e5. Now------S2.e5
! ces+sn Studio Couch Cover. Wos sIo95. Now--SS.e5
Psirs Rsyen Mssqsssste csrtsins We're S2ss to $3e5
Psin Rsyen Msrasisssss cursins. Were S4s5. Now.
S2.95
IS Pairs Plastic Dsapsriss. is Were $l.5e Now soc
pstsesm Rockers with hardwood ome and wine or oroy
cotton topestry cover Were Slo.e5. Now -S14o5
Unfinished Gibson lsIsnd Tsblss. Were 1895 Now,
Chine Table Lamp end shsds 27-neh. Was 1855.
no" -$T.SS
six-wsy Reflector Floor Lsmp. base only Wos $I6e5.
chins TsbIs Lsmps. Were $s.s5. Now-------$S.sS
Bssdeis Lamps. bose only. Were $3.50. Now---$i.so
NsL-Nsrss Bsili'ss Hemstsrsisisss. FosrfS Fiosr
Evening star., 1950-05-18
Young Republicans Here
Elect Hahn President

Attorney Gilbert Hahn, jr.. %
of 3207 Cathedral avenue NV.
has been elected president of the
Young Republicans of the Dis
trict to succeed Kenneth Adams.
Other new officers are Richard
Mcnamara and Glenn p. Lewis
vice presidents; Miss Gail Shaw
secretary, and Miss Louanne
Hofheims, treasurer.
Attorney Carl Shipley and Mrs
Roberta Van Beck were named
national committeeman and COM
mitteewoman. Richard Generelly
was elected representative to the
State Central Committee.
Evening star., 1950-05-18

The District Traffic Court Con-
ference. in its fifth annual meet
ing. yesterday adopted % resolu-
tions designed to promote traffic
safety here.
The conference recommended,
among other things, that:
!. Every means possible be used
to expedite Municipal Court jury
trials of persons charged with
major traffic offenses.
2. Policemen setting collateral
be required to check drivers pre-
vious traffic records before the
amount is set.
Evening star., 1950-05-18

8. Conference members, the
public and Congress "give earnest
consideration" during the next
year to proposed legislation to re-
store to Municipal Court judges
the right to suspend sentences in
traffic court.
4. Congress include in the next
budget a s39, 800 appropriation to
expand the driving training pro-
gram in District high schools and
to extend the program to private
and parochial schools.
All the recommendations Of
fered by a three-man resolutions
Evening star., 1950-05-18

for earnest conSideration" OF the
measure was unanim o ly
adopted.
Another discussion arose when
Attorney Thurman DodSon char
acterized the Districts Board OF
Revocation and Review as unique
in District justice" in that the
same board which revoked q driv-
er's permit also heard his petition
for review Of the decision.
He termed vicious" the board S
practice of suspending o permit
on the basis of q police report.
before all the facts were heard.
Evening star., 1950-05-18

200 pairs shoes including growing girls styles
Of cloth and leather in broken sizes 4H to 8
and ehildren's leather dress shoes and sandoIs
in broken sizes SH to 8.
WSL-Noyth Building ChiIdyes's Shoes, Fourth Floor
Evening star., 1950-05-18
Mems Shorts, 45e

WSH > SnOTVSs 40~ a.
We're Csc
$50 poirs cotton shorts Sonforixed TO resist re-
siduaI shrinkose Of more thon 20. Assorted
foney stripes. Gripper fastener and boxer styles.
Broken SKIES 80 to a..
$50 Mems Sports Shirts in group including royon oobor
dne royon teeos, cotton suedes ond cotton oobordnes
Some knit bottom puIovers Assorted coors and pot
Snol medium and large sizes ireeuors and per-
feets in group. Perfects reouloy $5.e5 to $5.95 or
perfect. would sell for $3.50 to $5----------Sl.9S
WSL-North Building The Msn's Shop First Floor
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
Attend The Church OF Your Choice Sunday
!. | s : : II
BY OLIVER BELL

Wisdom is the principal thing;
therefore get wisdom: and with
all thy getting get understanding.
proverbs 40.
To the young generation that is
coming behind us, let these words
penetrate your consciousness. We,
who have travelled over part of
the road can look back and see
more clearly now the snares, pit
falls and mistakes that possibly
could have been avoided had we
had enough wisdom and under
standing.
All true wisdom radiates from
the spirit of God. A person is not
wise unless he has God in his
plans. Because God is all and all
is God We are only medium
thru which God works,
Therefore we should be able to
realize that not of our own selves
are we able to function, act, speak,
work or perform in any manner,
but it is allowed and created thru
the power spirit of God. Then
whatever natural gifts we have,
whatever we do that is great, or
whatsoever we accomplish, we
should go further and say, "this is
what God did" Then, and only
then, we give credit where credit
is due = to God.
However, we do have the power
to choose. God gave man that
power to choose between good and
evil, and it is up to you whether
your works be good or evil, to
build up or destroy. I hope you
will choose to build a solid foun-
dation upon that which is good.
1 have seen men so puffed up
so wrapped in praise for them
selves; proud, self willed men VINO
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
Mrs. Sampson
Asked U.N. About
War Prisoners

LAKE SUCCESS, N. Y. eNNPA)
Mrs. Edith Sampson, United
States representative on Commit
tee Three of the United Nations
General Assembly, last Tuesday
raised the question of the fate of
hundreds of thousands of people
taken prisoner during the last
war who are still unaccounted for
and have not returned to their
homes and families.
She charged the Soviet Union
with failing to repatriate German
Austrian and japanese prisoners
of war.
Soviet spokesman often try to
put themselves on the side of the
masses, insisting they should not
suffer for the sins of their rulers" :"
Mrs. Sampson said in a prepared
speech.
"Yet, in the handling of captives
of war, the SovietS have struck at
the masses, the millions of ordin-
,ary people-prisoners and their
families. These families have had
to wait and wonder for five yeras.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
Christmas
Recreation
Programs Set

City-wide grade school tennis
competition and singing of carols
are included in the Christmas
recreation program planned by
the Parks Department. Tennis elm
les and tournaments will be Of
ferred at Harmon, Verde, Univer-
sity and Encanto Parks the week
before and during the holidays.
A combined chorus from Central,
Grant and Harmon Parks and
swing and rhythm bands from
Grant will present Christmas pro-
grams at Harmon Park Monday
evening, December Is.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14

First Insti t u | o n al Baptist
Church, 5th and East Jefferson.
Rev. L. Butler Nelson, pastor.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
PHILLIPS TEMPLE, C.M.E.
CHURCH HAS YOUTH DAY

Sunday is Youth Day at Phil
lips Temple CINE. Church. The
young people will be in charge.
Rev. Harper, the pastor, will bring
the message.
The pastor and members will
motor to Tucson for the Elders
Council tomorrow.
The senior choir will sponsor a
Christmas Cantata, Sunday morn
ing, December "a, at the church.
Sunday services begin at $3.50
am. Sunday school, and morning
service at II: 80.
You are always welcome to wor-
ship at Phillips Temple CINE.
Church.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
Baha'is Will Observe
World Religion Day

Baha'is of Phoenix will observe
the second annual World Religion
Day on January 81, 1851, it was
announced today by DR.. Clinton
H. Bugbee, chairman of the Phoe-
nix Baha'i Assembly. "The Bahai
World Faith, featured currently
in Life magazine, as a world
religion" DR.. Bugbee explains,
emphasizes the need of our age
for universal faith raised above
historic differences of race, class
or creed" The purpose of World
Religion Day instituted last year
by the National Baha'i Assembly
is to proclaim the Bahai prin-
ciple of spiritual unity as the
path to world order and the basis
for establishing universal peace.
"The Bahai World Faith to-
day is established in 100 countries
including territories and depend
encies." DR.. Bugbee said, "and
Baha'i literature has been trans
lated into 63 languages and also
Braille. The Baha'i International
Community is an accredited mem
Der of the non-governmental or
ganizations of the United Nations
to which it's delegates have sub
mitted "a Baha'i statement on
Human Rights"
Next public meeting in Phoenix
will be held Sunday, Dec. II at
Assembly Hall at 8 pm. At that
time DR.. Bugbee will speak on
"The Way to World Unity" fol-
lowed by a short discussion. Mrs.
Ruth Humphrey will act as chair
man for the evening. The public
is invited.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
sos So. 11th Avenue
Rev. N. Glass, Pastor
Mt. Zion Baptist Church

WESLEY METHODIST CHURCH
1902 East Washington Street
Rev. T.. r. Albert, Pastor
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
/ he Christian
Church

By Rev. Marshall L. Shepard
For the NNPA News Service
The equality of women in church
work has not always been accep-
ted. AS 1act, and in many cases,
even today women are denied
equal responsibilities with men in
the program of the Christian
church.
Very seldom will you find wo-
men serving as trustees. Yet, wo-
men have demonstrated in many
spheres their ability as business
managers and executives.
There are some churches that
will not permit women into their
business meetings. Even the Apostle
Paul, at times, seemed to think
that women should not speak in
the churches.
When one reads the New Testa-
ment, which, of course, was writ
ten by man, the participation Of
women in the life and ministry of
Jesus is often played down. Now
and then, however, there is ref
erence, lie the one in the eighth
chapter of Luke, which tells that
on a preaching mission through
out many cities and villages not
only were the twelve men with
Jesus but certain women also were
present.
The names of some are given,
but it is added that there were
many others (which ministered
unto Him of their substance"
And again in the twenty-sev-
enth chapter of t. Matthew, during
His awful ordeal on the cross, we
are told that, "and many women
were there which followed
Him from Galilee miniStering unto
Him."
The services of these women
cannot be overestimated. Their
tender ministry meant so much to
the life of the Master.
The occasions of rest and relax
alton that He found in the home
of Mary and Martha were inval-
liable to His body, mind and spirit.
The woman, who braved the
scorn of proud guests at dinner
to which she was not invited, to
perform an act of courtesy, had a
monument erected to her by Jesus,
himself, who said, wherever this
gospel shall ge preached, what this
woman has done shall be spoken as
a memorial unto her."
Brethren, we preach equality OF
the sexes in the sight of God. Why
not let us practice it in our
churches? Give the women their
due.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
PILGRIM REST BAPTIST
CHURCH

1417 East Madison st.
Rev. H. Y. Stevenson, Pastor
Broadway Baptist Church
Send and Wood st.
Pastor Rev. A. Nj. Martin
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
Tanner Chapel Plans
Christmas Fetes

Tanner Chapel, A.M.E. Church,
at 9Th Street and East Jefferson,
has set it's Annual Christmas
celebrations.
On Christmas eve, IL o'clock mid
night, there will be special serv-
ice. to which the whole commun-
ity is invited. The Sunday school
program will be presented, Sun
day, Dec. "a at 7:3O pm. Prac-
tically every club in the church
will have parties during the holi-
days.
The midnight service will feat
ure special organ and piano ac-
compartments by Mrs. Cora Grif-
fin and Mrs. Eva Smith, respect
lively. Mrs. Rachael Ward is put
ting special emphasis on the di-
recting of the choir. The pastor,
Rev. J. w. Ford will give his
Christmas message.
Coffee will be served following
and preceding the service.
~>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
only thought of what they them
selves could do, till they had no
thought room for God. Little did
they realize that what they did
was permitted by God, and in a
moment could be cut off; what
they had done be made as nothing;
who they were as nobody.
Then I say, in all humbleness to
the Giver of all good things let
our praises be. Give praise and
thanks to God for whatever we
accomplish. Be humble in your
hearts before Him, and I'll bet
you will find more contentment
than you would find otherwise.
All great men are simple in their
department. They are humble to
God who is their greatness, and
it is their works that improve and
uplift the lot of all mankind for
years to come.
In the Lords prayer we hear these
words: "For thine is the kingdom,
the power and the glory forever" "
So let it be.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14

UulluQy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Attend the Church
Of Your Choice
TANNER CHAPEL A. Nj. e.
CHURCH
9Th st. & jefferson
Rev. j. w. Ford, pastor
LONE STAR BAPTIST CHURCH
11th Avenue and SinOlO
Rev. C. V. Nelson, Pastor
Antioch Baptist Church, 18th and
East Monroe Streets. Rev. r. N.
Holt, pastor.
Bethlehem Baptist Church, 18th
and East Adams Streets. DR.. Joshua
R. Miner, pastor.
First Institutio / onaI Baptist
Church, 5th and East Jefferson.
Rev. L. Butler Nelson, pastor.
Memorial Baptist Church, 3rd
Ave. and Apache.
New Mt. Zion Baptist Church,
Pueblo between 18th and 18th
Streets. Rev. J. H. Adkins, pastor.
st. John Baptist Church. 18th
Ave-, between Yuma and Gilbert.
Rev. L. J. Dunbar, pastor.
Union Baptist Church. $500 E.
B'way and Chapman Road. Rev. C.
B. Allbritton, pastor.
Shiloh Missionary Baptist Church,
901 w. Buckeye Road at Ave. j.
D. Daniels, pastor.
PILGRIM REST BAPTIST
CHURCH
1417 East Madison st.
Rev. H. Y. Stevenson, Pastor
Broadway Baptist Church
Send and Wood st.
Pastor Rev. A. Nj. Martin
sos So. 11th Avenue
Rev. N. Glass, Pastor
Mt. Zion Baptist Church
WESLEY METHODIST CHURCH
1902 East Washington Street
Rev. T. r. Albert, Pastor
ST. MARY'S CHURCH OF
GOD IN CHRIST
seth and Ann Street, Okema Acres
Elder w. HI. Mandy, Pastor
Saint James Mission A.M.E.
Church. Services Sunday at II am.
Jr. Elks Building at 7th Avenue and
Tonto. Rev. c. o. Greenfield, pas
tor.
The Greater Friendship Baptist
Church. 10 and E. Jefferson. Rev.
D. D. Dockery, pastor.
Beacon Light Seventh Day Ad-
ventist Church, Eleventh and East
Monroe Streets. Elder w. G.
Mills, pastor.
st. Paul Missionary Baptig.
Church. 1909 w. Sherman. Rev.
B. ]. Stanton, Pastor.
BETHEL G. M. e. CHURCH
18th Avenue and Tonic
Rev. A. Jones, Pastor
PHILLIPS TEMPE G. M. e.
CHURCH
14O1 East Adams Street
Rev. l.. j. Harper, pastor
Mt. CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH
Cor. 11th Ave. and Yuma st.
Rev. G.. N. Hall, Minister
RAND FEED
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14
Attend the Church
Of Your Choice
TANNER CHAPEL A. M. e.
CHURCH
-8th st. & jefferson
Rev. j. w. Ford, pastor
LONE STAR BAPTIST CHURCH
11th Avenue and SinOlO
Rev. c. V. Nelson, Pastor

Antioch Baptist Church, 11th and
East Monroe Streets. Rev. r. N.
Holt, pastor.
Arizona sun., 1950-12-14

Bethlehem Baptist Church, 18th
and East Adams Streets. DR.. Joshua
R. Miner, pastor.
, 1950-07-10
Joseph Alexander
Chairman Of the 4th of July
Celebration Committee
ADDRESS

We Virgin Islanders should fee
proud of our heritage, for these
Islands, small as they are, contri-
buted in great measure to the his
tory of our Country. They not
only gave Hamilton, the first Sc
cretary of the Treasury in the new
~ formed government, but one OF
the signers of the Declaration, of
independence was born here and
emigrated to the Mainland; the
architect of the Nations Capitol
Building in Washington came
from the island of Jos. Van Dyck,
in the vicinity of st. Thomas and
st. John; a native of this island
contributed largely to the design
of our American flag, and there
are many other instances in his
tory where we have contributed
to the progress of our great Ma
ton during its early days.
AS Virgin Islanders, we fell ex-
tremely proud and happy that we
are a part of this great Nation,
and remembering the good that
our great America has bestowed
upon all of US, let us re-aWaken
our hearts to the beauty, the boun
ty and the surging vitality of our
nation and let our will be siren
gthened in the realization of its
goodness, for, as Abraham Lincoln
has said of this America of ours
81 years ago, we know and justly
feel that it is, ''The last best hope
on earth
, 1950-07-10
NOTICE

Doves and pigeons are being
banded in the Virgin Islands
by the US. Fish and Wildlife
Service.
These bands are of alumni
an and bear a serial number.
1t is kindly requested that all
bands taken be turned in to
the administration, the Chief
of Police or Mr.. George Sea-
man, of the Fish and Wildlife
Service.
It is very important to the
Wildlife Survey now being
conducted in these Islands that
these bands be reported when
taken on the aforementioned
game birds.
Your cooperation will be
sincerely appreciated.
GO. SEAMAN
Wildlife Supervisor
, 1950-07-10
A WORD OF THANKS
AND APPRECIATION

On behalf of the Governing
Committee and myself / wish
to express my thanks and APP
probation to each and every
one who contributed financial
" or otherwise, who worked
SO willingly and effectively,
and who helped to plan and
execute the 1850 Fourth of
July Celebration.
Because of your cooperation
the town gave an excellent ac-
count of stielf for this glorious
occasion.
, 1950-07-10
NOTICE Of Regis
trution Of Electors
SLwTWT

~L&
During the month of Au-
gust, 1850, the Registration
Board will meet for the regis
tration of qualified electors in
each district as provided be-
low:
At the Court House Police)
Christiansted every MONDAY
for the residents of Christian
sted Town and Suburbs from
4 pm. until 6 pm. beginning
August Z, 1850.
At the Court House (Police)
Christiansted every WEDNES-
DAY for the residents of Chris
tiansted Country District from
4 pm. until 6 pm. beginning
August y, 1851.
At the Court House, Fred
eriksted, every TUESDAY for
the residents Of Frederiksted
Town District from 4 pm. I'M.
til 6 pm. beginning August 8,
1850.
At the Court House, Fred
eriksted, every
for the residents of Frederik-
sted Country District from 4
pm. until 6 pm. beginning
August 10, 1850.
The meetings during the
month of September will be
announced subsequently.
All those persons previously
registered need not register,
except in cases Of change of
residence, or continuous alb
sence from the Virgin Islands
in excess of one year.
THE RE CT
BOARD, St. Croix, vi. U.S.A.
3rd July AID. 1850
D. G. CANEGATA
Chairman Registration Board
, 1950-07-10
JHOW mild can a cigarette be?
MORE PEOPLE
than any
other cigarette!
and among the millions vhO d..
MARGUERITE
PIAZZA

B eauty Of the
opera, Marguerite
states my voice
is my living. l
smoke Camels !
They're cool and
mild they agree
with my throat ="