davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
Ell0 FT00mon Rites
Held Saturday

Ell0 Fr0SmGR Rites
Held Saturday
Funeral services were held Sat.
urady, Nov. 20, at 2 p. m. at
Crystal Lake Chapel for Mrs. Ella
Freeman, 81, OF 29O9 Portland
Ave. So. who died Tuesday. Nov.
n at Minneapolis General hospl-
tai. Rev. Jayce CiAybuTne officia-
ted.
Mrs. Freeman. q resident OF
Minneapolis for over % years had
been in III health for the past
year. She was the widow Of the
late Buck Freeman. Mrs. Free.
man was also an employee of the
Milwaukee Railroad Passenger
station for 20 years a. n matron,
n. Wilson OF Kansas Ia the only
known survivor.
The interment was at Crystal
Lake cemetery with Neal Funcr-
al home In charge.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
Continued from page ons)
SOUTH AFRICA AssAILED

the legislation Of a national par
lament. The UN committee called
upon South Africa temporarily "a
refrain" from implementing ia
Group Areas Act" one Of the
basic Instruments through which
the policy Of Rparthetd Iracial
SegregationJ In enforced.
Whether OF not South Africa
will honor this UN directive ID
highly predetermined South An
can spokesman had declined "a
comment at this writing. II would
be consistent with their past
policy, however. II they chose In
effect 10 defy the UN.
On this far reaching issue Of
UN competence, the United
States was one Of the 80 nations
voting veg. Britain, France and
the Russian bloc were among the
II AbstsntionA. Only Australia
and Greece joined South Africa
In voting mo-.
The resolution endorsed Nov. 20
recalls earlier AbOrtiVe efforts 10
bring about at settlement OF the
race-relatiOns Issue, which Mrs,
Vljaya Lakshmi Pandit, Indian
Ambassador 20 the United States,
said involved the dignity and re-
speot for the rights Of half the
human race"
Tho resolution declares that "a
policy Of racial segregation zap
ArtheidD Ia necessarily based ON
doctrines Of racial dlsCrimina-
ton"
Round Table Conference Asked
II recommends that India. PAID
stan, and South Africa hold q
round-tRble conference bearing
In mind" the UN Charter and the
Universal Declaration Of Human
Rights, both Of which bar dis
elimination on grounds Of race.
religion, or color.
Should this conference no be
held before April 1, 1861, or n
held, fail 10 reach agreement In q
reasonable time" n three-mem-
Der commission would be set up.
Une member representing India
and PaltlHtAn. the second, South
Africa, and the third a neutral
mediator. The UN secretary gen.
eral would name the mediator In
the event the parties could not
agree on the choice.
Until such negotiations have
been completed. the governments
concerned are called upon not 10
prejudice" the outcome. "Imple-
mentation or enforcement Of the
Group Areas Act In mentioned
in particular"
Inclusion OF this reference 10
domestic legislation was highly
controversial. The United States
Indicated that II might well have
voted for tho resolution had this
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01

Of Bachelor Of Theology. lie
studied political Science at Ten
neAsee A. and NJ. College.
Rev. Jones viii preach his first
sermon at Calvary church Sun.
day Dec. 3. Rev Jones said his
motto Ia "a lot OF good can be-
done u you are not too particular
who gets the credit"
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
Churches
Observation-Disclosures


The Rev. l. II. Ozz, administra-
tive director Of the United Tenn
perance Movement Of Minnesota
was the morning SPEAKER at ST.
Peters on last Sunday. His sub
iect was the Tyranny Of Ape
ute" He said in part that the
principles Of liberty not only ap-
plies within a nation, but within
ones self. We can be slaves TO our
appetites. he said. He stressed
the Importance OF q firm, strong
character built on the principles
Of the teachings Of Jesus Christ.
On next Sunday. the pastor, the
Rev. NJ. L. Simmons, will speak
from the subject, How We
Worship God"
The Joint Thanksgiving service
held at the Church Of God on
Fourth Ave at 10th Street was
well attended in spite Of the bitter
cold weather. A very wonderful
Thanksgiving message was given
by the speaker, the Rev. A. +.
Martin.
The Choir OF Bethesda Baptist
church furnished the music for
the occasion. Mrs. bessie Gresh-
am is the directress of this choir.
A real spirit OF worship and fell
lowship prevailed.
I took my first peek at little
Phyllis Marie. the new daughter
Of Rev. and Mrs. Simmons. She is
growing nicely. Mrs. Simmons is
much improved and anxious TO get
back in church again.
The Sunday school was happy
TO welcome the Sunday school
Supt.. Miss Eunice Leverett back
after being away a month.
This column extends deepest
sympathy to Miss Amanda Bird,
who has recently lost her mother
in Duluth, MINI.
Why Christmas? Come and see
the League play on Christmas
Eve and find out.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
EarI Lewis ElOefod
Band Conductor CHS.

Earl Lewis, II, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Mason Lewis of 1897 Fourth
Ave. So. was recently elected to
head the band Of Minneapolis
Central High school by student
members Of the organization.
Young Lewis plays the saxa-
phone in the band and Is q senior
graduating In June 81.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
james Bruce Still
UneonselouS at Anekor

James Bruce. Q, according to
hospital authorities, II stin UNI
conscious from severe head in
iuries suffered Saturday evening
Nov. Is, near his home, $50 Ron
do Ave. The youngster. a hit-run
traffic victim. was found lying in
an alley behind $40 Rondo Ave.
He was on his way to the store
when he was apparently struck
down by a hit-run driver.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
For Worldwide
Bible Reading

Millions Of people in America
ard throughout the world will be
reading the same verses from the
Bible In the period from Thanks
giving to Christmas. This program
Of Worldwide Bible Reading was
started by the American Bible
Society during World War II and
has grown in the years since.
The readings selected by poll for
a. = year follow. The theme Is The
Bile A Light and Guide. To find
help in the reading a person IL
as',ed 20 rad regularly, thought
fully, without hurry. prayerfully
and obediently, and 10 copy out .
key verse daily and carry IL for
hr'pful reference throughout the
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
SIOUX FALLS, 6. D.
MlnsTvs BridgeWAaeP
0S0 No. AGlna. Ave-
Sioux Fails, 30. Dakota

st. Johns Baptist church, Rev.
II. w. Bolts, Jr., pastor, Sunday,
Nov. 20. Devotionals were led by
James r. Moxley. Sculpture read
ing by Mas Shirley Staples. Text
was from 81. Luke l4:26-35. sub
ject, Counting the Cost" Rev.
Bolts prayed that the Lord would
make US mindful Of the Holy sea-
son and may our lives be In tune.
Rev. Bolts. bringing q mind pic
ture Of the realities Of the cost Of
material things. stated that
through the unfolding of the par
able In not what we want 70 do
but what God wants US TO do.
Mrs. Robert Haynes was In
charge Of urging church attend
ance for the day and go were pre-
sent Much credit goes TO Mrs.
Haynes for her day In giving q
personal touch by sending postal
cards with open faced Bible
prints thereon
Thanksgiving Day effort with
Mrs. AL @. Frost. captain, made
a report and turned into the treas
urere $52.O6. Others on the pro-
gram were Mrs. Theodore
Vaughn, pianist and a duet by
Messrs James r. Monkey and
Thomas Clayton. Mr.. Albert La.
Monte who has been on the sick
list was present and spoke. All
we're glad TO see Mr.. La Monte at
service. At the evening worship
text, st. Luke Is:23-3O. subject
Making q Decision" Rev. Bolts,
Jr.. outlined that 10 receive Eter-
nal Life we must make q decis-
ion by putting our all on the
Altar.
The Young Matron's Sewing
Class, Mrs. Fred Teal, president,
are meeting each Thursday at the
different homes. Mrs. Johnny
Hildreath will be hostess 70 the
group this Thursday.
Mrs. Elizabeth Roland, Omaha,
Nebraska, who was on the sick
list has recuperated sufficiently
for her to return visit Of Mrs
Chas. Martin. 116 N. Dakota Ave,
who was with her during her Ill
ness. Mrs. Roland arrived In the
city Saturday, spending Sunday
and Monday, She left for Omaha
Monday night.
Thanksgiving services were held
at st. Johns Baptist church. Rev
Bolts explained that we should
show the Lord that we are thank
ful every day and not just on
Thanksgiving Day. A Thank
You Token" consisting Of canned
goods with Mrs. Melvin Smith as
sponsor was presented TO Rev
Bolts and family.
Mrs. Leonard Williams Sr.,
Mitchell, So. Oak. arrived in the
city Thursday and was the house
guest of Mr.. and Mrs. Chas. War
den, 229 No. Trap. On Tuesday
Mrs. Williams, Sr., was guest at
a special gathering at the home
Of Mr., and Mrs. John Armstrong
ll5 No. Dakota, and on Wednes-
day at the home Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Melvin Smith, 2l6 east 32nd st.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Armstrong,
ll5 No. Dakota Ave. motored 10
Mitchell. So. Oak, on Thanks
giving day for dinner at the home
OF Mr.. and Mrs. Leonard Williams
Jr.
United Missionary meeting
Sunday afternoon at Pilgrim Bap-
list church, Rev. Eugene Williams,
pastor and the church Of God In
Christ, Elder Norman Bacon,
sponsored a wonderful program.
Mrs. II. w. Bolts Jr., 326 No.
MINI. Ave. was hostess to the st.
Johns Baptist church Missionary
society Friday at her home. A
study Of the Worker followed by
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
funeral Services Held For
VIolG Wiley Of Duluth
Mrs. Viola Wiley, Duluth, MINI.

Mrs. Viola Wiley, Duluth. Mimi,
died Friday. Nov, -.
Services were held at the
Crawford Funeral Home in Dull
nth. Interment was at Sun Rise
Memorial cemetery.
Mrs. Wiley Is survived by her
husband. Lee G. Wiley Of Duluth,
three children. Roman Wiley Of
Duluth. Mrs. Myrtle Hughes of
81. Paul. and Lee Jr.. of Mime
lpolis, three grandchildren, three
brothers and three sisters.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01

Memphis, Tenn Bishop C. II.
Mason Is an honOred personality
and a key figure at the 44th Holy
ConVocatlon Of the Churches OF
God In Christ. now being held In
Memphis. Tenn. The meeting
opened Nov. % and will close
Dec 10.
Although 80. Bishop Mason Is
still one OF the most active fig
ures In the church. He has
preached for 65 years, and he Is
presiding at THE meeting.
Biggest day Of the holy session
win be Bishop Mason's Day. On
this date, members from all over
the world will honor the prelate--,
CANPJ.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
NOTICE TO CHURCH
CORRESPONDENTS

Please type your news copy u
possible, double space and with
a three-fourths inch margin On
the left side of copy paper.
Be sure we receive copy at our
Minneapolis office, 314 Third
Ave. So, by Tuesday. no later
than 4 p. m.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01
New Duluth PaSFoE
Gives First Sermon
Sunday, December J

Duluth --- The recently called
pastor Of Calvary Baptist church
Of this city IL Rev. c. 3. Jones.
Rev Jones came TO Duluth
from Springfield. Ohio. Rev.
Jones developed rccrsAtional
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01

Mr.. and MrA Sam Harris, 1887
Fourth Ave. So. had as their
Thanksgiving dinner guest Mrs.
Ollie Lindsay. mother of Mr.. Har-
ris. and Mrs. o. s. Crittenden.
aunt OF Mr.. Harris.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01

The Ursula MatrOns Society Of
Zion Baptist Church met at the
home Of Mrs, Irene Harvey. $40
Irving Ave. No. Tuesday evening.
Nov %.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01

The birthday Club met at the
home Of Mrs. James Slemmons,
220l Fifth Ave, So. Sunday. Nov,
20.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01

Penny for Your thoughts
An 1904 US penny Is worth abou'
fifty dollars. What do YOU tigur'
1850 penny IL WORTH
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1950-12-01

Sunday, pr-. 80 'T-tthew I:is-2s
Christmas. Dec. 2S..Matthew 2:l-la
Evening star., 1950-04-18
Georgia Voting Ruling Raises
Question of Other State Moves

A Supreme Court ruling that
Georgia's county unit voting sys-
TEN is legal raised a question to-
day whether other States might
adopt similar systems in primary
elections.
The tribunal split 7 to 2 yester-
day in Affirming lower court de-
cisions that the Georgia procedure
violates no constitutional rights
of citizens. It declared Federal
courts consistently" have refused
to interfere in cases posing po-
litical issues arising from a States
distribution Of electoral strength
among its political subdivisions. J"
The Georgia law applying to
primary elections gives each of the
159 counties a certain number of
unit votes. The eight most popu-
lous counties are allotted six each.
and the others. four or two. The
candidate receiving the highest
popular vote in county gets that
county's unit vote.
A candidate receiving State
wide popular vote majority still
could lose under the unit vote
count, and that happened once.
The method has been under at
tack in Georgia. particularly by
voters in the large cities and
heavily populated counties. They
contend it gives a heavy advan-
tage to rural areas and that urban
Evening star., 1950-04-18

votes, for example. have an aver
age weight on only one-tenth the
weight of votes in most other
sections.
This, they declare, amounts
to unconstitutional discrimination.
and they sought to prevent use
of the system in the June 2S
Democratic primary for United
States Senator. Governor and
other State officers. Lower courts
threw out a petition from two
Georgia voters. The Supreme
Court yesterday sustained the dis
miSsal.
Justice Douglas. dissenting with
Justice Black, called the county
unit voting system an "indivious
discrimination" The device, he
wrote, is as deeply rooted in dis
.crimination as the practice which
keeps man from a voting booth
because of his race. creed or color.
or which fails to count his vote
after it has been cast"
Evening star., 1950-04-18
Gen. McAuIiffe Tells
About Army's Study
I0f New Nerve Gases
BY the Asseeiafsd HSsss

DETROIT. April 1S.-The Army
is spending more than $12 million
a year on research in biological.
Pathological and chemical war
fare.
Also it is studying new nerve
gases"
Maj. Gen. Anthony c. McAuliffe,
chief Of the Chemical Corps, dis
closed this last night.
Gen. McAuliffe, hero of Bas-
togne, mentioned the work in an
address to the 117th annual meet
ing of the American Chemical
Society.
Reduces viii to Resist
1--WE in the Chemical Corps"
Gen. McAuliffe said, believe
that the weapons developed. or
now being developed by us, pro-
vide an opportunity. at the small
est logistical cost. to reduce a po-
tential enemy's will to resist and
thereby obtain victory without
the destruction of his economy"
I'VE have no quarrel with the
peoples of a nation. We have no
desire to destroy their national
life. or their economy" he said.
Of the nerve gases" he gave no
particulars.
Gen. McAuliffe introduced the
subject by saying it was a well
known fact" that German scien-
tific experts on toxic chemical
warfare were being exploited" by
Soviet Russia.
Assume Others Have Gases.
"It must be assumed, there
fore,' he said, "that we are not
the sole possessors Of the offen-
sive and defensive secrets Of the
new nerve gases.
"Our research in this field is
directed toward keeping us
abreast of the latest develop
ments. We are seeking to perfect
all methods and techniques for
the detection, decentralization,
and the protection of personnel
and animals from these new
gases"
Gen. McAuliffe said he believed
the United States would resort to
gas, germ or Pathological war
fare only in retaliation against an
enemy's use Of it.
The United States preparations
for gas warfare in the last war
"in all probability deferred the
enemy" from its use. he said.
Evening star., 1950-04-18
Catholic War Veterans
Re-e|ect Peters, Cook

The District Department of the
Catholic War Veterans ended its
two-day annual convention Sun
day by re-electing Edward S.
j. Peters as commander and Mar
tin A. Cook as first vice COM
mander.
Daniel F. Cleary, chairman of
the War Claims Commission,
speaking at a communion break
fast at the Washington Hotel fol-
lowing mass at St. Patrick's
Church. urged Catholics to take
part in adult Catholic education
programs. Such activity is nec-
essary to help meet domestic and
world problems, he said.
Delegates elected the following
other officers: Col. A. E. Schlanser,
second vice commander; Angelo
Puglisi. third vice commander;
Raymond /. Gilbert, welfare Off
Ger; j. A. Arceneau, jr.. officer of
the day; Edward j. Head, finance
officer and treasurer, DR.. Paul
Mangenero. medical officer, and
Cecil G. Sorrell, historian.
The following trustees were
chosen: Leon v. O'Reilly, M. Jo-
seph May. M. D. Jackson. j. j.
Scott, E. D. Kurbey and William
Gatens.
The convention adopted reso-
luton for appointment of fact
finding committee to study the
question of a bonus for District
veterans.
Evening star., 1950-04-18

Among the Kuki-Lushai people
of India suitor is expected to
take a present of liquor to the
girls parents.
Evening star., 1950-04-18

Look inches simmer with complete
Instrumentation in the new Playtex
Living Girdle powerfully, comfort
ably moulds those problem curves, yet
is invisible even under the sleekest
dress Z. no stitches, no seams, no
bones. Takes 10 seconds to wash, 10
seconds to pat dry. In blossom pink,
heavenly blue or gardenia white. Small,
medium or large sizes.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
FEC Will Hold Hearings
On NSystem for Theaters
BY the Associo.ed Press

The Federal Communications
Commission announced yesterday
it will shortly open public hearings
on proposed national theater
television system. The time and
place were not Immediately fixed.
The commission acted on the
petition of 26 motion picture Or
ganizations which have asked the
FEC to recognize and create a new
service by allocating exclusive fire.
quencies for relaying television
programs for theater exhibition.
The commission said a principal
purpose of the hearings will be to
find out If the theaters' require
ments can be met by underground
cable or other wire facilities,
rather than by the assignment of
special broadcasting frequencies.
II such frequencies are required,
FEC said, it will have to determine
where the proposed service could
be fitted into the radio frequency
spectrum.
Pending the hearings, the COM
mission extended special tempo
rary authority held by Paramount
Television Productions and goth
Century-Fox Film Corp. to oper-
ate experimental theater television
relay stations in the New York
City area.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
World Rae Relations
To Be SIadied by U. N.
eY tho A,sesia,ed Pr.,a

LAKE SUCCESS. Jan. IA
worldwide scientific study OF
races and racial relations was an
nounced by the United Nations
yesterday as part Of a fight
against discrimination toward
minorities.
The study will be one Of the
chief activities of the United
Nations Educational. Scientific
and Curtural Organization, that
group told Secretary General
Trygve Lie.
The report came as West
ern countries answered Soviet
bloc charges that discrimination
against minorities was rife every
where except in the Soviet Union.
The charges were voiced in a
meeting Of U. N. subcommission
on the prevention of discrimi-
nation and protection of minori
ties.
Soviet Delegate v. I. Formashev
argued that educational projects
to stamp out discrimination were
insufficient. In truly democratic
countries. he said, personal free
dom was effectively protected by
law.
Mr.. Formashev charged that
Negroes, Indians. Puerto Ricans,
Mexicans. Slav groups and Italians
were Disseminated against in the
United States.
He said native populations in
Peru. Bolivia, Chile and Brazil. as
well as Indians and Negroes in
Australia, also were oppressed.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
Firemen Puzzled by Fire
Causing Two Explosions

A mystery fire which early today
touched off two explosions in a
vacant two-story frame house at
226 Massachusetts, avenue NE. is
being investigated by the fire mar
Shal'S Office.
The fire was discovered in the
basement at 3 am, according to
firemen, who had it under control
an hour and a half later.
Firemen believe the two ex-
plosions, which caused the raising
Of two man-hole covers in the
street, were the result Of an &C
emulation Of gas. Officials are
investigation the possibility of q
gas leak ignited by electricity.
The fire damaged the basement,
first and part Of the second floor,
f1remen said. No estimate has yet
been made Of the loss.
Evening star., 1950-01-12
EngeI 10 Start Term Today
After Losing Appeal
BY the Assoeiossd Pssss

CHICAGO. Jan. 12.-Sigmund
(Sam) Engel, u. convicted swim
dler, was to be taken to the
Stateville Penitentiary today to
start serving a 2 to 10 year SEN
tence.
Engel, listed by police as an in
ternationally known swindler. lost
an appeal in the Illinois Supreme
Court in Springfield yesterday to
halt his commitment to prison.
The court dismissed his motion
for permission to file a habeas
corpus petition seeking his release
from the Cook County Jail.
Eneel has been In the Jail for
two months, since his conviction
OF swindling Mrs. Reseda Corri-
gan. 80, red haired Chicago widow,
Of $8,700.
The court also rejected his plea
that the prison sentence be de-
layed until February 40 to allow
him to prepare an appeal from
his conviction,
Evening star., 1950-01-12

pensation rates now given tc
workers in private industry in the
various States and the District,
For example, Government en-
ployes working in Washington who
lost their jobs would be paid un-
employment benefits under the
District scale-a maximum $40 q
week for 20 weeks. The District
as we'll as the various States, would
be reimbursed by the Federal
Government for the cost of the
Federal employe program.
X X
CONFLICT-The right of the
General Accounting Office to make
decisions affecting personnel poll
cies in the Governments depart
ments and agencies is being
strongly disputed by the National
Civil Service League.
James Watson, executive di-
rector of the league. which is
supported by some Of the coun-
try's leading businessmen, civic
leaders and professional men, has
written to Controller General
Lindsay Warren declaring that the
GAO should interfere with Fed
eral personnel activities only when
there is an obvious misuse OF
public funds"
Mr.. Watson declared the re-
sponsibility for personnel actions
rests with the President, the Civil
Service Commission and the ad-
ministrative officials in the various
Federal agencies.
The GAO now plays an impor-
tant part in deciding on the
legality of practically every per-
sonnel and civil service activity
and regulation in the Government
While q lot of Federal personne
officials privately grumble over thu
situation, this is the first time il
a long while that the issue ha.
been brought into the open.
Concluding his letter to tht
GAO, Mr.. Watson declared: ''Tht
President Of the United States i:
responsible for seeing that tn.
Government is an efficient. mode
employer. The General Accounting
Office should not interfere with
that process" -.rt ...
|
ACTION NEAR-The House anG
Senate Executive Expenditures
Committees are expected to sci
the date for hearings within the
next few days on legislation to
relieve more than 100000 Federal
workers from having to furnish
Evening star., 1950-01-12
Lake Area Uranium Find
Spurs Hope for Future
by the Assoeioisd Press

TORONTO, Jan. 12.-Two re-
cent uranium finds on the east
shore of Lake Superior appear to
have excellent possibilities for
commercial production" q geo.
logical report released by Mines
Minister lWelland Gemmell said
today. Il
The report said the discoveries,
both about IS miles north Of Sault
Ste. Marie, are on properties OF
the Labine-M cCarthy Uranium
Zines and Ranwick Uranium
Mines Ltd.
w. L. c. Greer, resident geologist
at Port Arthur who examined the
area, said the deposits compare
favorably with 1948 and 1949 finds
in the Lake Athabaska and Black
Lake regions Of Northern Sas-
katchewap."
He said insufficient work has
been done to make any estimate
OF tonnages Of pitchblende ore, but
| the strike. of both properties
should apsrsist to considerable
depths"