davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-06-25
Walter Reeds Medical Fame Still Lives
Survivors Recull
Yellow Fever Tests
Holf Century Ago
By Fronk Corey

1900-Maj. Walter Reed Of the
United States Army Medical
Corps arrived in Havana, Cuba.
He had come to find out what
caused yellow fever-most vii
famous of the brigade Of dis
eases that had killed more
Americans in the recent Span
ish-American War than were
slain by Spanish bullets.
yellow jack" the soldiers
called it.
In the United States. in past
years yellow fever had struck
with epidemic frightfulness in
Philadelphia. Boston, New Or
leans, Charleston, Norfolk, New
York. Memphis-killing thou
sands.
Victims would fall suddenly,
wracked with pain. Later their
eyes and faces would turn yel-
low with jaundice and their
stomachs reich forth the dread
"black vomit."
Sometimes the corpses lay
unburied for days. Drivers Of
death carts patrolled the silent
streets, crying Bring out your
dead!"
No one knew the cause Of the
sickness. but many believed II
was some mysterious poison"
in the air. Men fired cannon
or burned tar pots to try to
dispel it.
Reed and his associates DEM
onstrated that the disease was
transmitted by a mosquito.
Years after Reeds Death in
1902 scientists discovered the
actual cause was virus. This
and other finds have resulted
in development Of q protective
vaccine.
But the work of Reed and
his associates made it possible
to control yellow fever by rid
ding stricken areas of the mos
quito.
When Reed arrived in Havana
he had never seen a case of
yellow fever.
Survivors Memories
He saw his first that very day.
His old friend, Maj. jefferson
Randolph Kean. chief surgeon
of the Army's Department of
Havana, had been stricken.
MY recollection of his visit
is very dim-I was pretty SICK"
Kean related in an interview.
Now 80, and a retired brig
adler general. Kean gave a vivid
picture, however, of the sit
uation at the time of Reeds
arrival in the town of Que
mados. near Havana, where the
Army's Columbia barracks was.
located.
Eve had a very wholesome
terror of yellow fever" he said
as his thoughts raced back so
years. 1--WE didn't know what
to do about it,"
Soldiers and officers were
coming down right and left.
Elegantly dressed Army wives
wore smelly bags of asafetida
and spit constantly out their
carriage windows in the belief
they were offsetting infection.
The Army burned tents and
bedding used by fever victims.
And at sundown in the officers
mess veterans of the Indian
and Spanish wars drank ITO
those who have already gone
and here's to the next to go!"
There was no specific treat
ment. Patients were denied
food while their fever was high,
THE first thing we gave them
was champagne because it was
nourishing without requiring
digestion" Kean recalled.
Mosquitoes?
They were considered Just
a nuisance" said Kean with an
ironic smile. "Dr. Carlos Finlay,
a Havana physician, had been
claiming for 10 years that mos
quitoes were involved, but 1t
remained for Reed and his asso-
ciates to ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Evening star., 1950-06-25

Nationalist China as badly as II
does our open enemies lie,
Russia and its satellites-and
worse than Yugoslavia.
The mystery deepens when DEM
ocrats and Republicans hear from
the Secretary of State-as they
already have and they have no
reason to doubt his word-that the
State Department made q mistake
in the case Of Spain. He assured
Congress that this country will
resume fun diplomatic relations
with Spain as soon as the United
Nations General Assembly has had
a chance to vote on recision oil
the l946 resolution which insti-
tuted the diplomatic boycott Of
Spain.
Members Of both houses have
been told specifically by Secretary
johnson and the chairman of the
Joint Chiefs Of STAFF that Spair
Is vitality important in the defense
of Western Europe. On the
strength Of that undivided testi-
mony the House and the Senate
tackled onto the Marshall Plar
appropriations q sum Of $50 mil
lion to help Spain.
1t was considered important
that something should be done Il
assist the hard-tried Spanish
economy and particularly 1t!
transportation and power facil'
tiles, which have suffered consid'
erably for lack Of new rolling stocl
and electrical equipment.
Connally Sways Senate
There seems to be no question
that this amount would have beer
approved by the Senate-it hac
already passed the House-had II
not been for the Intervention OF
Senator Connally. The chairman
of the Foreign Relations Commit.
tee rose to ask his colleagues tc
vote against the amendment Of
fered by Senator Bridges in order
to avoid embarrassing the Gov
ernment.
Senator Connally pointed out
that it is up to the recipients Of
Marshall Plan funds to decide who
should join their club. We. who
contribute the funds to maintain
that club, should claim no voice
in such decisions.
But the Texas Senator. who like
most other members Of Congress
favors normal relations with
Spain. told his colleagues that he
had received formal assurance:
from President Truman and Sec
retary of State Acheson thai
Spain would be taken care OF b,
loan from the Export Import
Bank, in the same manner a!
Yugoslavia obtained loans from
that institution.
Nobody on the floor Of the Sen
ate can doubt the word of thu
President and a number of Sen
ators, who would have voted ir
favor of the Bridges amendment
cast a negative vote so as not II
embarrass the administration ir
It's relations with the Marshal
plan countries
Many weeks have passed since
and although the Spanish Gov
ernment officially has applied fol-
a loan, in accordance with exist
ing regulations, nothing has hap
pened yet or seems likely to hap
pen. Close friends of the admin
istration who made discreet In
quiries into this matter we're told
mot to worry" The whole mat
ter was a political hoax.
Others. less friendly. were told
Evening star., 1950-06-25
Our Chino, Spain Policies
Due for Airing in Congress
Bitter Debote Expected Over Treatment Of
Chinese Notionulists und Continued Cold
Attitude Toward Frunco's Government
By Constantine Brown

correctly who-makes our policy tck9 This
question which slated to be debated in an explosive manner before
Congress adjourns.
Republican OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES by impressive number Of
behind policy the
unknown continues 70 treat
Evening star., 1950-06-25
Peru's Military Regime
Keeps Country on Edge
Revolt at Arequipo Lotest Evidence Of
y Explosive Situation; Many Prominent
Civilians Prefer Living Elsewhere
By Edword TomIinson

There convincing evidence that the Communists had
thing with revolt
Government there charged that did Nor
Aprsta outawed efist
lined
Evening star., 1950-09-01

held to $4,000 a year. Pepper
did not propose to amend the tax
bill. but he said:
There is no American in the
safety of home, thousands of miles
behind the battlefields, who can't
survive the order of living on $25,-
900 a year net, after payment OF
taxes"
Meanwhile, Treasury officials
said taxpayers can't save anything
on their 1850 income tax bills by
speeding up their income receipts.
They blasted notions apparently
held in some quarters that the
higher individual income tax rates
in the bill now near passage will
apply only to income received after
October /.
Some confusion has arisen from
the fact that the scheduled boost
in tax withholding rates will be
effective only on wages and sal
aries paid after October THAT
is, in 1950's last quarter.
Officials said, however, the
October l date for application of
new withholding rates will not
matter on final settlement OF
1850 income tax due next March
Is.
The new tax bill, they said,
provides for one-fourth of the tax
increase to apply to all income
received during 1850, without re-
gard to how much of the income
total is received in 1950's last
quarter and how much is received
in earlier quarters. ~
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Arkansas Gazette Is Sued
By Strikers for Overtime
BY the As.oeioied Press

LITTLE ROCK. Sept. Eight
striking circulation department
employees of the Arkansas Gazette
yesterday filed suit in Federal
Court here seeking $33.311 as
overtime and damages.
The complaint charges the men
worked 81 hours a week and re-
ceived pay for only At hours dur
ing various periods between 1916
and 1949.
After failure of contract nego-
tiationS, American Newspaper
Guild members in the editorial de-
partment Of the Gazette, a morn
ing paper. went on strike last De-
cember II. Two days later Guild
members Of the circulation de-
partment walked out. The paper
has continued to publish.
The suit yesterday was filed un-
der the Fair Labor Standards Act
which required that employers en-
gagged in interstate commerce
must pay overtime wages for all
hours worked In excess of 40 hours
81 week. not ~ Gf5&E2
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Soviet 0ks Iranian Talks
Over Frontier Disputes
BY the Associated Press

TEHERAN, Iran, Sept. L.
Soviet Russia is stepping up its
campaign for Iranian friendship
by agreeing to discuss long
standing border disputes, it was
learned authoritatiyely today.
The Soviet proposal came in
the midst of trade talks here,
which apparently are intended to
counter negotiations under way
for an American loan to bolster
Iranian economy against Com
munist pressure.
For years Iran has been trying
to get Russia to settle a dozen
boundary disputes which in the
past have led to minor frontier
clashes. The Russians always
have refused to set up a boundary
commission. Now they have
changed their tactics abruptly in
new friendship campaign.
Teheran newspapers report that
Soviet Ambassador Ivan Sadjikov
also is pressing Premier Ali
Razmara to recognize the Chinese
Communist regime. There has
been no official confirmation of
this.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
5 Die, Al Are Injured
In Bombay Red Rioting
BY the Associated Press

BOMBAY, India. Sept. Five
persons were killed and Al
wounded yesterday during a
police battle with Communicated
demonstrators striking for "a
hours in support of textile workers
bonus demands.
Police tear gas and a heavy rain
succeeded In scattering the dem
onstrators by nightfall.
The general sympathy walkout
was organized by Communists and
Socialists. The textile strike is
continuing.
During the demonstration Com
munists burned the Indian
national flag and their "Gandhi
caps" in a gesture of defiance
against Prime Minister Nehru's
administration.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Official Korean War Reports

from Seoul on the north to
Haenan on the southwest tip of
Korea. They struck marshalling
yards. bridges, rolling stock and
troops.
One Bps crew spent two hours
in a single attack on enemy
ground firing positions in the
Chinju area. Air controllers spot
ted the heavy firing. The enemy
position was finally silenced, 1st
1t. Roger w. Little, Red Bud. ILL.,,
said.
Capt. John Gassler. Boston,
spotted a train of 10 box cars a
few miles west of Seoul. He de-
stroyed the locomotive and one
box car, setting fire to two others
and damaging the rest. "We got
the most out Of our nine bombs
and 1000 rounds of 50-caliber
ammunition" he said.
In the Masan area F-80s strafed
troops and artillery pieces. also
rocketing supply dumps at that
strategic point.
The F-51 Mustangs operated in
| full force in close support Of U. N.
troops in the southwest area. and
were still at 1t at sundown. Air
controllers sent one flight to a
supply dump. which was blown
up. They also got an artillery
piece and trucks. but the exact
positions were not revealed.
With the weather closing down
in the southwest area late today,
three tanks were strafed and
rocketed near Waegwan by F-80
jets. I'VE destroyed one tank
and damaged the other two." said
1st 1t. Thomas w. Queen, San
Diego. Calf.
Other F-80s went above the
38th parallel, strafing 10 box cars
and six passenger cars on a train
near the west coast. The same
fight damaged six box cars at
MaSan.
Five hundred pound BIO m b S
were dropped on a bridge near
Seoul by F-82s.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Garbage Tieup Threatens
Detroit in Pay Dispute
BY the Assoeiaisd Press

DETROIT, Sept. Ia tieup Of
garbage collections threatened
Detroit today after q Mayors
order for the firing Of $500 wage
demonstrators.
Mayor Albert E. Cobo, invoking
a State law prohibiting strikes
by public employees, directed the
f1rings of garbage and rubbish
collectors who picketed City Hall
yesterday.
The 1900. who laid of work for
two hours for the demonstration.
represent about two-thirds Of the
city sanitation force serving a
population of more than a mil
lion and a half.
The demonstrators are MEM
bers of the independent United
Public Workers Union. It Is one
of the groups ousted by the CIO
for leftist tendencies. It claims
to represent 10000 of Detroit's
$4,000 municipal workers.
After Mayor Cobo's order, the
union said a strike would be called
if any of the firings were made
to stick.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
U. 5. Stops 356 Trucks
Germans Sold 10 Hungary
BY The A.soeiated Press

FRANKFURT. Germany. Sept.
1.-The Americans clamped down
harder today on the shipping of
strategic supplies to Iron Cur
tain countries by stopping 356
former United States Army trucks
headed for Hungary.
Several carloads of unidentified
materials also were held up at
West Germany's Eastern border,
the American High Commission
announced. The trucks were be-
ing delivered by a West German
sales agency.
Three days ago the Americans
stopped 80 rail carloads Of
machines and machine tools on
their way to Russian coupled
East Germany and Communist
ruled countries of Eastern Europe.
The Allied High Commission is
reported to have directed the
West German government to plug
up the loopholes through which
such supplies are pouring.
The trucks held up today were
part of 1000 the Hungarian gov
ernment ordered from the Ger
man agency, which had bought
them from Army surpluses.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
GI Allotment Measure
Awaits Truman S OK
BY the Associated Press

The Senate yesterday passed
and sent to the White House a
compromise bill providing allot-
ments for dependents of service
men.
The measure provides allot-
ments ranging from $85 to $165
a month to families of servicemen
who are not officers. The amounts
would include $40 to $50 a month
to be deducted from the service
mems pay checks. the Government
providing the rest of the money.
The program would cost an esti-
mated $500 million from August
to next June 80.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Atlantic Defense
Continued From First Page.)


that the situation in Korea, where
Red tanks rushed steadily down
the peninsula. has not caused a
reappraisal of the Army tank
program. Rather they call it an
"acceleration" Of the program. 1t
will include the purchase Of heavy
tanks.
The decision to increase United
States Army strength in Europe
if finally adopted-also might
hasten the day when this country
could agree to the appointment
of an overall commander of North
Atlantic Treaty forces. Several of
the member nations have advo-
Gated such an appointment but
the United States has always OPP
posed the move.
The meeting here will be the
fourth and most important of the
North Atlantic Treaty Defense
Committee, of which Mr.. johnson
is chairman. An official an
nouncement said yesterday that
the defense ministers would Con
slider the work and accomplish
ments toward creating an ade-
|quate defense of the North At
Iantic areas The last meeting
was held at The Hague in April.
Following the meeting here the
defense ministers have been in
vited to extend their visit to this
country for a tour OF points of
technical military interest.
Gen. Bradley, United States
Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman,
called the meeting of the Military
Committee, of which he also is
claairman His committee is COM
posed of the ranking military rep
reSentatives 0f the 1a pact mem
bers. II win prepare Recommended
tions to the defense ministers
based on plans which have beer
forwarded to it by the five regional
planning groups.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Seat Pleasant Girl, II,
Missing Since Monday

Prince Georges County police
said today they had been asked to
issue a lookout for Elizabeth L.
Fischer, II, missing from her
home in Seat Pleasant since Mon
day night.
No foul play was suspected. po-
lice said. They received a report
that the girl had visited Marshall
Hall over the week end with her
family and disappeared after
their return to their home in the
500 block of Sixty-ninth street.
Her description is five feet. nine
inches tall.osweight Its pounds,
wearing + white sandals, brown
skirt and white blouse.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Passage Of Tax Bill
Before Next Week
Is Seen as Unlikely
BY the Assoeiatsd Press

The Administrators $4,508,-
100000 tax bill was tangled up
with other priority legislation In
the Senate today, and prospects
that 1t would pass before next
week were extremely slim.
Party floor leaders expressed be-
lief the measure could be disposed
of with late session tonight. But
Chairman George of the Finance
Committee, in charge of the
measure. predicted to newsmen a
final vote won't come until the
middle of next week.
This would delay the legislation
beyond the weekend deadline set
by the Treasury if forms are to be
prepared in time to make proposed
increases in individual income
taxes effective October / as the
bill provides.
viii Recess Today.
The Senate plans to recess after
today's session over the Labor Day
week end. The House, which still
must act on the tax bill, plans
only two perfunctory meetings
next week.
When it quit work last night,
the Senate was near an agreement
to vote at l pm. today on the
controversial excess profits tax
proposals which have been block
ing the legislation for a week.
But other Senators said they
planned to bring up a compromise
home e-front mobilization bill and
a presidential veto, both of which
would have priority. The voting
agreement was then withdrawn.
The first vote. which may come
late today, would be on the pro-
posal of Senators George and Mil
likin, Republican, of Colorado to
put OFF action on an excess profits
levy until next January. but with
the rates enacted then made retro
active to October ! or July 1, 1850.
This was offered yesterday as a
substitute for the amendment of
Senators O'Mahoney, Democrat, of
wyoming and Connally, Democrat.
of Texas, calling for action now
on an excess profits tax, effective
as of last July /.
Neither side would predict how
the vote would 60
Senator O'Mahoney refused to
accept the compromise. He said
If the Korean war ends before the
new Congress starts or soon there
after it would be virtually impos-
sible to enact a retroactive tax.
Would Raise 81 Billion.
The O'Mahoney- -Connally pro-
posal would impose an IS per cent
tax on anything over 80 per cent
of a corporations average profits
for the four years 1946-49, plus
$4,000. It is designed to raise
another 81 billion in revenue.
The bill already contains an
estimated $4,508, 200, 900 worth of
new taxes, primarily on incomes
of individuals and corporations.
The George compromise would
direct the Senate and House tax
committees to- prepare an excess
profits tax for Introduct ton early
In the new Eongresssa Mw
Senator Pepper, Democrat. Of
Florida, meanwhile, revived the
late President Roosevelt's wartime
suggestion-neyer acted upon
that all individual net incomes bel
Evening star., 1950-09-01
BY. the Assoeiotsd Press

TOKYO, Saturday, Sept. e.
Tert OF Gen. MGcArthur's To-
kyo headquarters Release No.
1863, timed at 1925 am. and
issued at 1::15 am. today t11:15
a.nl., Friday, EDIT:
On the western front, elements
of United Nations forces were
poised for an about fight to re-
store It's positions in the vicinity
of the junction Of the Naktong
and Nam Rivers, where enemy
forces have driven to Songjin. AT
last report the enemy was being
contained in its drive four miles
east of the river junction.
With the exception of Haman in
the southern sector, which at last
report was held by an estimated
enemy group OF 300, there was no
significant enemy action on other
fronts. In the northeast the ROK
Sd and Capital Divisions have
been slowed by enemy resistance.
TOKYO. Sept. 1.-Tert of
Korean Release No. 362, air.
timed at 9::10 pm. (7:10 G.nl.,
EDT) today:
All types of United States Air
Force planes supported the United
Nations ground troops today. the
fighters flying close support in the
southwest battle area and bomb
ers ranging through Korea to
sever means of transporting sup
plies and reinforcements sorely
needed by the Communists.
Early reports from Flyers indi-
cate heavy damage to bridges,
rail lines, airfields. troop concen-
trations and vehicles carrying
supplies.
B-29 Superforts continued their
Introduction of North Korean rail
and road communications, already
crippled.
On the west coast, where bad
weather prevailed. B-26 medium
bombers gain covered the coast
Evening star., 1950-09-01
Paint Uses Fish Oils

BOSTON.-PaintS used for COW
ering smokestacks or other hot
surfaces must remain relatively
soft on drying. Such coatings are
made with fish oils that are main
ly extracted from the menhaden,
pilchard, and sardine.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
sc, 900 Homes Burned

PORTLAND, Greg. - Timber
consumed by forest fires in the
Unitkd States every year would
be WORT 700 million if processed.
Saving that much timber would
earn workers about $40 million.
Forest fires in this country an
nually destroy enough lumber for
sc, 900 one-family dwellings.
Evening star., 1950-09-01
JAW Has Trouble, Too:
Ad Solicitors Strike
By the Associoted Press

TOLEDO. Ohio. Sept. 1.-The
CIO had strike troubles in reverse
today.
Seven telephone advertising
solicitors walked out in a wage
dispute yesterday at the weekly
Toledo Union Journal of the CIO-
United Auto Workers.
Evening star., 1950-09-01

France seeks to increase its
machinery sales in Zealand SO
she can purchase more Of that
country's wool.
Evening star., 1950-09-01

N
nwMb
Started in the
Panesv nornaa
Evening star., 1950-09-01

Israel is subsidizing citrus grow
ers by paying part of workers
wages.
Evening star., 1950-09-01

(left) Special Purchase! Satin-back twill
jackets. Zelan-treated. Mouton.dyed
lamb collar, quilted lining throughout
body and sleeves. Brown, grey, maroon,
green. Sizes to IS. Usually o.95 7.os
The Daily Alaska empire., 1950-04-20

private eyes, etc. I cannot get sx~ cited about that. People will read what they like, if they are free, and who am I to tell them not to read what I do? For instance, interrupt myself from Engers introduction to Marks "The Class Struggles In France 1848-5O" to read private eye piece by Erie Stanley Gardner.
 Does it make sense? Sure! l was weary of ponderosity. I want ed make-believe. So do they over there. Life is so tough in theory that bit of coarse realism helps to tide over the absurdities of our generation. That is why there is a revival of Charlie Chaplin and Laurel and Hardy; that is why "The Goldbergs" and Milton Berle are more attractive on television than Mrs. Roosevelt--or am I in the same category?
 Yet, to offset escape" literature is this amazing list of best sellers, which is evidence of hunger for good things. Pocket Books sold during the period under consider ation $125,000 of books under the ECA contract and a dictionary tops the list During the same period, their five best sellers in the United States were:
 The Case of the Empty Tin, Erie Stanley Gardner
 Tales of the Haunted Husband, Erie Stanley Gardner
 Tales of the South Pacific, James A. Kitchener
 The D. A. Calls A Turn, Exi. Stanley Gardner
 The D. A. Cooks A Goose, Erie Stanley Gardner.
 Of course, the comparison proves nothing, which is true of most comparisons. In this case, the 25- cent books are bought for occas- ional reading, but I often wonder how many of the so-called think hooks are just bought without be- ing read. From table conversation, it might often be inferred that many bookbuyers only read the first ten pages; then they turn to a magazine with lots of pictures. They seem to know the latter in greater detail.