davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1950-05-05
By Charles E. TroceweH

building, 7th and e streets, now houS-
ing the Tariff Commission.
These really are chimney swifts. OF
the goatsucker family. They have been
known to appear here as early as April
6, but the average date is April Is or
later.
The sight Of them pouring down large
chimney, like smoke in reverse, has
impressed watchers for many years.
They are relatives Of the swallows. but
are not swallows.
Fortunately, the chimney at the old
Land once Building is unused
Sometimes these birds select chimneys
with heat in them, and then some Of
them perish.
A reader out Wisconsin avenue way
makes a suggestion. She is worried
about places where brush has been
allowed to collect.
Such piles should be permitted to re-
main, she says, II birds already have
started to nest In them.
That Is they should either be allowed
to remain until late July. or should be
cleaned up before any birds start to nest
In them at all.
This is very good idea. But con-
tractors and others are practical men.
and unless some one-preferably q
pretty lady-makes Q personal appeal
to them. they are more likely TO decide
such matters by dollars than sentiment.
Evening star., 1950-05-05
EIizubeth's Gold STANDARD

Concerning the juggling of our legal
tender in the past is years, and the
advisability of such financial acrobaticS,
questioned in a recent letter to The Star,
we might refer to history-to the begin
ming of the era when England. then q
weakling, began to rise to become
great world power, which position it held
for a period twice the present life Of
this republic.
The first act of Queen Elizabeth, upon
ascending the throne, was to issue
decree to the effect that the English
mint would never. as long as she reigned,
issue coin with lie stamped upon it,
and that any one who debased the Eng
lish currency would be liable to "the
penalty of being hung, drawn and quar-
tered.
Furthermore. the Hanseatic League
considered that meeting gold obligations
Evening star., 1950-05-05

"is that the Government spends more
money for farm price supports than it
does for atomic research. I'm not one
for building up the national debt, but
we ought to re-examine our whole budg-
ct distribution"
There appeared to be general agree
ment on that. No one wanted to in
crease the total of United States spend
ing. but every one thought cuts ought
to be made to provide more funds for
the armed forces.
Along with defense costs, the most
popular subject after taps was unifica-
ton of the armed services and whether
the program is working out.
AS one of our conference members put
it: "The further you get from Washing
ton, the more doubtful people are about
unification."
The remark wasn't entirely cynical.
So far. .unification seems to be accepted
principally on the strategy or planning
level-and the center of that is the
Pentagon. Away from Washington, on
the tactical or operations level, there's
a lot of skepticism.
Its not program Of unifcation,"
said one be-ribboned officer. TITS pro-
gram Of separation"
Many other officers agreed with him.
Everything hinges on the primary and
Evening star., 1950-05-05

That every country refrain from the use Of
threats or force; honor the independence OF
other countries; be faithful to its international
agreements; allow the free exchange OF infor-
nation; establish freedom of speech, religion
and other human rights; and agree to real
system of atomic control.
It is because the Soviet Union has done
violence to these essentials, and because it
gives every sign of intending to continue doing
violence to them, that Mr.. Lies pilgrimage to
Moscow is likely to achieve little or nothing.
His efforts are praiseworthy, but the free world,
even If it likes to hope for the best, can hardly
expect that at this stage those efforts will get
very far inIpromoting peace. Nothing less than
a basic change in Kremlin policy Is necessary
for that
Evening star., 1950-05-05
This and That

advantage, but they can manage the
smaller entrance.
The house should not be put higher
than 10 feet. Sometimes it attracts ten
ants when put on porch or post. Wrens
have nested in some odd places; almost
any placement goes.
There is no certainty. Of course, that
wrenS will accept house put out Tor
them. That is strictly up to nature.
We put out houses. but we cannot
compel the birds to accept them. Often
we think there is something wrong. II
they do not fly in. but In most cases
it is just chance.
Wrens are strange creatures. They
like the house to be ready for them
in early April, but later date win serve.
Often Jenny Wren refuses site her
husband selects. Sometimes she will
tear out nest of another female. and
take over for herself and family.
Jenny has been known to peck the
eggs of q rival, running them.
Johnny Wren is not above flying away
and taking q new mate.
Altogether, they are not the model
little birds they are almost universally
believed to be; and vet their tip-tilted
tails, and their pretty brown plumage.
and above all their bubbling song COM
bine to make them fine garden residents.
+
Barn swallows" recently came down
In o chimney at the old Land once
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Letters to The Star
A pseudonyne is permissible only
1Dhen letter carries correct name
and address of 1Driter. Please be brief.

was a prime duty, and its members were
under the compulsion to meet bills-of-
exchange calling for the delivery of the
metal. If the bills were not honored,
those upon whom they were drawn suf-
fered expulsion from the League.
1t is also significant that the Dark
Ages followed Immediately after the last
sack Of Rome by the barbarians. who in
some manner destroyed the main stock
of gold in Europe. The Renaissance did
not occur until the discovery Of the New
World enabled Europe to renew stock
of the metal sufficient for general circu-
lation among the people.
Significant. too, is the fact that Eng
lands downfall followed after its repu-
diation Of the principles set by Elizabeth.
The value Of most things depends on
the difficulty Of procuring them. Money
is no exception.
Evening star., 1950-05-05
BRENTWOOD

BRENTWOOD.
Dear Sir:
IT recently purchased small bunga-
low and garage on about quarter acre
of land here.
II am doing all sorts Of spring plant
ing and gardening, and have rustic
wren house.
IT would appreciate it so much If you
would inform me how to place it,
whether under the caves or on tree or
pole, and how high from the ground
also whether it is likely to be occupied
by others of the smaller species.
Sincerely. H. E. E."
Wren houses properly have an en-
trance hole exactly one inch in diameter.
Experts. say a bit larger would be
WELL except that it permits common
sparrows to come in.
If there are no sparrows, an inch and
an eighth would be about right.
With sparrows around, the inch wide
entrance is best.
Only the very smallest species. along
with the wren, can use such o house.
and most of them are not likely to do
so.
The wren house is best placed about
feet high, in o shrub.
II the hole is larger, it permits the
birds to get nesting material IN to better
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Deutschland ueber Allies

In her column of April 81, Dorothy
Thompson. always so accurate and we'll
informed on things European, slipped up
q littlp when she credited the authorship
Of the popular German song "Deutsch-
land ueber Allies" to the poet Ferdinand
Freiligrath. AS stated in her column.
Freiligrath was q liberal, and his writ
ingS got him into trouble with the au-
thorities during the Revolution of 1848.
But his arrest, which was Short-lived.
was for the poem ''The Dead to the Liv-
ing, and he was acquitted Of the charge
Of leSe-majeSte.
His exile, both before and after 1848,
was evidently Of his own choosing, partly
Tor greater personal safety but mainly
to attend to his business interests abroad.
He returned to Germany in time to write
several stirring and patriotic poems for
the war of 1870. But he was not the
author Of Deutschland ueber Allies"
The author Of this so-frequently dis
torted and incorrectly translated poem
was none other than August Heinrich
Hoffman,, better known as Hoffman, v.
FallerSleben. The poem was written Au-
gust 26, 1841. on the little island Of Hell
goland. then under, the British Crown.
Like Freiligrath. ofwhose school he was
a precursor, Hoffman, was liberal. AS
early as lS42. his so-called "Unpolitical
Songs" In which he criticized the Gov
eminent. caused him to lose his position
as Professor Extraordinary Of the Ger
man Language and Literature at the Uni
versity of Breslau. He was noted for his
research and writings on these subjects,
and was the author also Of number Of
other patriotic poems. Yet. as poet, he
was considered most successful in his love
lyrics and children's poems.
Walter Fischer.
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Thoreou

! think. dear brother. heGuen has for YOU
No golden gates; no floor OF pearl Is there
For you to iDGlk upon: no angels share
Hymns NTH the turning spheres. You
tDtH find blue,
CompdnionGble skies. and coblOebbed dem
That olitters on the grass where uzeado,v
air
Is fresh and clouer- -sweet, and euery.
Wings flashing oUer intimate fields you
kneU.
No different from pour simple days aOiy
The pattern OF eternity, fulfilled
In epery tDtsh; here yow- may come anA
stand
By Walden Pond and, solitary, dream
OF Wonder and the Morning Star, here
build .
another cabin In q louelier land.
SARA KING CARLETON.
Evening star., 1950-05-05
By !. Williom Hill

MORE than so Of us took part in the
IVA orientation conference. Secretary
of Defense johnson drew US from
all professions and all sections Of the
country We were lawyers, doctors, edu-
Gators, railroadmen, bankers, ministers.
public relations counselors and represent
papers. We included heads Of corpora
to refined sugar.
For eight days we forgot these things
and turned civilian eyes on the military.
We spent two days at the Pentagon
listening to and questioning the civilian
and military chiefs. We visited Quantico
and saw a Marine landing demonStra-
tion. We were flown to Fort Benning.
Ga. and saw one mad minute" OF all
the fire power of an infantry battalion.
At Eglin Air Force Base in Florida We
watched the Air Force bombing and
strafing, and at Pensacola we dlved In
snorkel submarines and took part In
aircraft carrier maneuvers. We talked
to everyone, from privates and seamen
to generals and admirals. whenever ana
wherever we pleased.
Late at night. in barracks or biliets.
we exchanged ODSeTtdIlo1lS' VIC "cAS
civilians and talked like 1t.
"What do we know that we didn't know
before this conference?" we asked each
other. "What do we think that we didn't
think before?"
1--WE know we've got the best fighting
men in the world, and they're the best
equipped"
But have we got enough? Remem-
ber what the admiral said about us
having 70 submarines to the Russians
270? And don't forget what Gen. VAN
denberg said about how many planes
the Reds have
We agreed with something o Navy
captain had told one of us. The United
States is like a college with the best
football team in the world. but with only
II men on the squad-whereas the po-
tential enemy has plenty of reserves to
run in, one team after another. WED
be hell on wheels for the first quarter"
was the way he put it.
But if we build up our armed forces"
some one thought aloud. "well wreck the
whole national economy"
That made us recall static display
Of infantry equipment at Fort Benning,
one that had price tag attached to
each piece. The total cost of equipping
the division was $3.50 million.
ITO defend the United States we've
got to have radar screen, more planes
and caxriers-and a lot more for anti
submarine warfare"
Nobody disagreed. But most Of those
present were businessmen. They knew
there was only so much money in a
budget.
What gets me-" one businessman said,
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Future, of Rent Control

If national rent control is extended once
again after June 80 the extension Is apt TO
follow the lines of a compromise suggested py
Representative Spence of Kentucky. Under MS
plan, Federal rent control would automatically
end after 1950-except for those communities
that in the meantime took the positive step OF
asking that it be continued
The compromise seems reasonable and car
ries q persuasive appeal That Federal rent
control is still very much in the picture Is
shown by current estimates that some 20 million
people, living in nearly 1000 incorporated cities,
towns and villages, including SO out Of the %
cities of 100000 population, are still protected
by Federal rent control. Only four States and
q relatively small number of towns and cities
have chosen to end rent control. Two States
have adopted rent control laws Of their own,
which are superseding Federal law. But IT fall
ure throughout the country to end rent control
indicates anything it would seem to be that
control is still needed in many localities. That
control, under the Spence plan, could be re-
tanned by any city or town that asked for it.
The District law, of course, is entirely sep
arate from the national rent control law. II
Congress ended national rent control by failure
to extend 1t, the same thing might be expected
to happen with the local law. But the wiser way
of reaching decision on extending or ending
local rent control is to rest that decision on
what the facts may show. 1t would be we'll If
hearings were begun soon on pending House
legislation to extend local rent control and every
effort made to obtain through testimony an &C
eurate picture of things as they are
Few cities of the country, if one includes
metropolitan areas, have exceeded washington
in the amount of new construction in relation
to population Last year alone, 16.989 new units
were completed here Rentals in this new con-
struction are far above those in controlled
buildings Those who favor it argue that con-
troll for another year will tend to bring down
the rents in new construction; those who want
to end control, argue precisely to the contrary,
claiming that only when rents in new construc-
ton are subject to competition from rents re-
leased from control will the level OF new con-
struction rentals begin to fall Nothing Is proved
one way or the other by such opinions and
Congressional hearing could at least obtain
pertinent facts on the need for continued
control.
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Be Kind to Animals
b. HI.

Another spring brings another Humane
Sunday and Be-Kind- To- Animals Week,
May through the 13. when our min
listers, church and school teachers.
librarians, humane groups, parents and
friends are asked to help us remind
each other of our Christian obligations
to Gods dumb animal creation. our
friends and helpers, our '1esser brethren"
as Margaret Tarrant so beautifully
named them IN her wonderful painting
of Christ among His creatures.
These terms are not just empty
phrases for one week of the 50. They
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Mr.. Lies Pilgrimage

Given the circumstances that prevail today,
the best that can be said for Trygve Lies pro-
jected trip to Moscow is that it probably will
do no harm Conceivaby, as an extremely
remote possibility, it may even do little GOOD.
# they are wise, however, people Will refrain
from reposng much faith or hope IN 1t on tnat
score.
Mr.. Lie himself has been at pains to en-
nhasize that he is not wearing rose-colored
glasses. The most he seems to be hoping for
is the possibility that his pilgrimage may pro-
mote slight easing of the new tensions in the
cold war; To that end he is anxious to see
GeneraliSsimo Stain, among Others to win the
Kremlin's approval of special Security Council
meeting Ito be attended by "headS OF states or
their Foreign Ministers'D to restore the author
ity of the United Nations in another effort to
establish decent peace before the grave course
Of current events leads to world explosion.
This is an altogether laudable objective, and
Mr. Lie, as Secretary General Of the U. N, Is
acting within his charter rights in taking the
initiative regarding it, Further, wholly apart
from the rights of his office, there can be no
doubt that the present drift in international
affairs is ominous enough to justify his attempt
to see what can be done-if anything really can
be done-to check that drift and reverse 1t with
out delay For it is fact that if things keep
on going from bad to worse instead of getting
better the current split in the world will become
permanent, with the almost certain result that
the opposing sides-the Soviet and the non
Soviet-will sooner or later find themselves
fighting to the death in catastrophe war.
Unfortunately, however, despite the bleak
ness of this prospect and the pressing need
to do something about improving the interna-
tional atmosphere, the chances seem poor that
Mr. Lies trip will be fruitful. Thus, MoScow's
first reaction to the project suggests that
Generalissimo Stain will not see him--a fact
indicating that the Russian dictator still reSents
the man who in 1885, as Norway'S Minister OF
Justice, gave temporary asylum to Leon Trotsky,
who was then in flight from the Soviet purges
and who later was assasSinated in Mexico.
Moreover, even If Stain should see the Secretary
General and consent to special Security Coun-
Gil meeting it is improbable that the Western
powers would go along with the idea without
specific and concrete evidence of a genuine
Kremln desire to act in good faith-evidence
that has been completely lacking to date.
After ALL in view of past experience, the
same old rigmarole of Russian obstructionism
and propsgandizing at international conferences.
The truth Of the matter is that such conferences
will be sterile and futile unless and until the
Kremlin makes up its mind to adjust its policy
to the essentials of peace" adopted last Decem-
ber by 50 of the SO members of the United
Nations. Those essentials include the following:
Evening star., 1950-05-05
A CiviIion's-Eye View Of the Military

secondary roles and missions assigned
the Army, Navy and Air Force ut the
Key West conference in March. l94S.
between the late Secretary Of Defense
Forrestal and the Joint Chiefs Of Stan.
For example. q primary function OF the
Army Is to defeat enemy land forces
and seize. occupy and defend land areas.
To carry out this mission. the Army
would need close air support. Air Force
support Of the Army. however. Is listed
pretty far down among the Air Force
functions. The Air Force has such
primary functions as defending the
United States, strategic bombing-and
gaining and keeping general air
supremacy.
Our conference saw only one demon
stration in which two branches Of the
service took part. At Fort Benning an
infantry battalion. supported by artillery.
tanks and the Air Force, was to attack
and seize q series Of hills. AS we sat in
q stand. the orders Of the commanding
officers were brought to US by loud
speaker. They weren't orders however.
when air support was needed. All he
could do was request air support. He
got 1t for the demonstration. but even
then the Air Force had authority TO
say no.
That's the way it was 50 often in
World War II" one Army oficer re-
called. mo matter how badly q ground
commander needed air support, he never
So far. it doesn't look as If unifications
helping any
We couldn't help but compare the
one we'd seen the Marines put on at
Quantico. In that case. the commanding
officer ordered and got his air support
the way he got any other firepower.
There was O pro-Marine among the
members Of our conference. THE Ma
rines have always had their own uni
fication." he said. did you notice that
Marine flyers can lay down lombard
ment Is yards from the Marine front
line? Catch the Air Force trying 1t at
anything under 100 or even 200 yards.
That's because. before O Marine can be
q flyer. he's got to be q Marine. He
knows how things are on the ground
because he's been on the ground him
self"
"Okay." we agreed. "unifications great,
but somebody ought to take it down to
the operations level"
All We could decide was this: If we
were Secretary Of Defense. we'd pick
man or men in whom we had confidence
and to whom the fighting man would be
willing to talk. We'd send our repre-
sentative around to all the Quanticos.
Bennings. Eglins and Pensacolas to flnd
out and report back-not who's opposed
to unification-but what lies beneath
the skepticiSm.
When we knew that we'd take 1t up
with the joint chiefs and. If there
were answers. we'd formulate them and
get them back to the operations level.
We wouldn't stop till every non-com
knew what the armed services being
unified meant in advantage to him. To
our civilian-eye view, that would be
part Of unification.
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Texus Cose Dissent

Every judge of every court In the
United States, every commissioner who
has to do with the selection of jurors and,
in fact. every citizen should read Justice
Jackson's dissenting opinion in the Texas
murder case and your recent editorial in
that connection, entitled Negro Grand
Jurors"
The majority decision Of the Supreme
Court. in that case. raises very peril
nent and very serious question: Who
is to protect the public from criminals
If the courts do not?
Evening star., 1950-05-05
Stors. Men and Atoms
$500 Calves in Lifetime
Of One Cow Possible
Results of ovo Experiments
BY British Scientists Told
By Thomos R. Henry

There is possibility Of one COW being
the mother Of as many as 1900 calves
In q lifetime
This Is the prediction OF Sir John
Russell. president Of the British ASsocia-
tion for the Advancement Of Science
and director Of the NorthhampStead
Agricultural Experiment Station.
Ordinarily o COW produces only one
offspring at Q time. Multiple births are
rare enough TO arouse comment. This
Is because q COW produces only q single
ovum at q time.
But recent experiments. Sir John Rus
sell said. have shown that when q COW
is injected with a hormone obtained
> from pregnant mares the number Of
ova can be greatly increased, These can
be recovered and transplanted into other
cows. They then can be fertilised by the
now well-deyeloped artificial inSemina.
ton process. by which 1t is possible for
q single bull to fertilise 10000 to 5000
cows q year.
Perpetuation Of Strain.
Thus a desirable strain can be perpet-
uated in large numbers by only two
parents.
The successful implantation OF cattle
ova, he pointed out. has not yet been
accomplished. but does work with rab-
bits. Application to cows awaits Develop
ment Of the proper technioueS
The combination of tranSplanted ova
and artificial dissemination. Mr.. Russell
said, Is likely to become an important
factor in feeding the rapidly increasing
population Of the world. now increasing
at the rate Of 100000 a year. This
means that there Is an increase Of two
human beings every three seconds. night
and day.
Earth may be a rocked-skinned bal
loon filled with superheavy gas.
This Is the hypothesis offered by DR..
r. B. Borchards. president Of the Astro.
norlfical Society Of South Africa.
The generally accepted theory up to
now Is that the planet had q core of
iron-nickel surrounded by layers OF other
minerals under various conditions Of
temperature and pressure. This would
explain fairly we'll the density Of the
earth, about SIS that of water. Also, II
has been assumed, 1t would account for
the earth's magnetism.
The gas theory fltS the requirements
equally well. DR.. Borchards says. In.
creasing temperatures and pressures
from the surface inward also explain
adequately the various earth shells"
Earthquake waves move at different
velocities, depending on the depths at
which they travel. Three rates are
recognized. at depths of 7. % and 80
miles.
This. DR.. Borchards says, is about
what could be expected from pressures
and temperatures at those depths.
Major Transitional Zone.
Between 750 and 1900 miles there IL
major transitional zone where TEN.
perature increases from approximately
1000 and 10.500 centigrade and pressure
from 100000 to $4,000 900 pounds per
square inch.
At the center. he calculates, pressure
is about 100000 pounds per square
inch. Under such conditions a cubic
inch OF the lightest of the elements,
hydrogen. would weigh about 10 pounds.
1t would account for the density Of the
earth. = f. -
Still, because OF the enormous tenn
peratures. 1t would remain q gas rather
than becoming liquid or q solid.