davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07
MILE MCKEE
Continued from page nine

Continued !
be taken off the rails. If you keep
your seat on a roller coaster it
will bring you home"
This does not always happen.
As an authority on thrill rides,
Mckee is also investigator of
accidents for Lloyds of London
in amusement parks throughout
the country. The chief causes of
such accidents, he says, are
reckless people and show-offs.
They are also hardest to spot.
You Can't Fool
LAST year one of two sailors
riding in the seat of a roller
coaster suddenly decided to talk
to two girl passengers in the car
behind, He got up and started
back just as the cars went into
a dip. He was thrown out and
killed.
Things like that says
Mckee, are comparatively rare.
But they're almost impossible to
prevent. You just can't start
fooling around on a roller
coaster" =.
DRINKS cause little trouble on
the roller coaster itself. They
sometimes create brief disturb
ances at the entrance. but they
are shooed firmly away by
vigilant attendants.
"You can usually spot drunk
quickly enough by the way he
hesitates about getting into one
of the cars" Mckee explains.
HE seems to debate with him
self as to whether the ride will
sober him up or make him sick"
For Relaxation
MCKEE believes that the most
consistent patrons of a roller
coaster are deaf and dumb
people. Sometimes they will take
as many as a half-dozen rides in
the hope of improving their
voices or hearing.
1--WE get a great many people
with psychological problems,
too" he says. Some come for
relaxation; some for excitement.
Psychologists send a lot of them
to unload their emotional ten
sions. You find all sorts of people
around a roller coaster. | even
met my own wife there"
This happened back in 1912
when Mckee had completed a
roller coaster at Chester Park in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07

last to the end of time
that it would have Gods
protection in teaching all
men to observe all things
He had commanded, espe-
cially to believe and to be
baptized and thereby be-
come members of His
Church to attain the pur-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07
re, have good reasons.

Going to Mass on Sunday is,
of course, an obligation for every
Catholic. Confession and Holy
Communion at least once a year
are a sacred duty. But most Gath
olics 60 to Confession and receive
Holy Communion oftener. some
every month, some every week,
some every day.
There are also many other special
services and devotions for which
Catholics go to church. In the aver
age city, the Catholic Church is
always open-and seldom empty.
Many will enter the church at any
hour of the day to visit Jesus Christ
present on the altar, mindful of
His invitation: Come to Me, all
you who labor and are burdened,
and l will give you rest"
But, you ask, is all this neces-
sary? Catholics believe it is.
They believe that Christ not only
called upon us to honor and serve
God -. but prescribed the ways in
which we should do so. He did not
say how often we must 60 to church
Nor how many prayers we were
to recite. But He did establish a
Church with the power and author
ity to carry on His work and He
promised that His Church would
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07

Cincinnati. He found that he
had to skimp on the width of a
ticket booth.
Il told the operator that had
to make the booth only thirty
inches wide and he'd have to
hire a cashier with a narrow
fanny" says Mckee. HE told
me not to worry, He'd hire
Margaret Drew, a young lady
who was slight enough to fit.
Il decided that since | was
responsible I'd stay over a day
or two to see if she did. Then
when l met her, took her for a
ride on my roller coaster and
through the Tunnel of Love.
The combination certainly
worked in our case"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07

pose of their lives.
And how do Catholics know
theirs is Christ's Church?
Because it possesses the distin-
gushing marks Christ gave His
Church. 1t covers the earth as
Christ said it would. Unchanged
after nearly 1000 years, it contin-
ues TO live and grow, in fulhllment
of His promise that His Church
would last to the end of the world
But the most convincing mark
that He gave it is its unity of faith,
worship and obedience under the
authority of the lawful and his
torical successor Of Peter, the first
Bishop of Rome and the rock"
upon which Christ built His
Church. Just as Peter was the first
Pope and the first Vicar of Christ,
SO also is Plus XII the 262nd Pope
and the Vicar Of Christ today.
fKEE-Ifyou would like to know
more about the distinguishing
characteristics which Christ de-
clared His Church must have and
which the Catholic Church pos
sesses today, we will be happy to
sendyou without cost Or obligation
an interesting and enlightening
pamphlet. Write today ask for
Pamphlet No. 2-TW.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07
How To BE a Hero

MCKEE regards these and SINH
lar innovations with benign toll
erance. None, he believes, will
ever replace the basic appeal of
the roller coaster.
John Miller's early roller
coaster made it possible for a
man to be hero in his girls
eyes for two bits" he points out.
with the airplane dip l added
fast romance"
No amusement-park patron
could ask for more. The End
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07
MUST We C0T0 CHURCH
TO BE CHRISTIANS?

You probably heardpeo-
pie comment at times on
the fact that their Catholic
neighbors 60 to church so
often, Perhaps you have
wondered yourself is all
this necessary?
Catholics, you may be
sure, have good reasons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-08-07
Cheap Collisions

VneAp Coll10onS
l OCETHER with more speed and
thrills, amusement-park patrons
these days demand what Mckee
calls an active participation
glmmlck." Example: field Of
miniature motor cars where
the traffic-harassed motorist
may wham his little vehicle
into others.
Another, the circle swing, first
of all airplane-type rides. is now
being built with a control stick
so that riders can partially guide
the motion of their plane" One
of the latest of such devices
is the 'Looper, a circular ride
in which passengers may con-
trive to roll themselves into an
upside-down position.
And of course there's always
the caterpillar. Mckee once built
one of these for England, and got
a complaint about the skirt
blowers. The staid English want
ed three of these devices instead
of the usual two.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-07-15

condition than formerly. The range
improvement problem is not solved
by merely killing the sagebrush.
That is only the beginning!
Imagine a dense stand of big sage
brush on a sheep range in Montana.
The herbaceous cover under the
brush is sparse-mostly weeds but a
few punches of grass still persist.
Besides being low in forage produc-
ton this range is difficult to use
because of. the brush. The sheep
can't get around through it-lambs
get lost and the brush pulls a lot of
wool. 1t is decided to kill the sage
brush by spraying. What happens?
First of all, a high percentage of
the weeds that provided sheep for
age are killed. There goes most of
the grazing capacity!
Suppose then that the spray did
actually kill all or most of the big
sagebrush. What is to prevent loss
of topsoil by blowing and washing?
A more efficient wool pulling device
than a jungle of dead sagebrush
would indeed be hard to find. Those
dead plants are hard and stiff and
much more resistant to grazing ami
mails than when green. Can that
area be drilled to grass seed or
broadcast and narrowed or disked
over that dead sagebrush? Prob
ably, but it would entail a high cost
in equipment.
Hevegetation
Leave it alone after spraying. Re
tire that piece of range and wait
for Mother Nature to disintegrate
the dead sagebrush and revegetate
the area. How long does it take
dead sagebrush to deteriorate with
weather and trampling? Big sage
brush plants killed by the 1894
drouth on short-grass cattle range
near Miles City are still erect and
resistant.
Is natural r~evegetation a RAPID
and sure process? Many areas o.
range land in Montana unwisely
plowed during World war l fol
wheat production are still occupied
largely by Russian thistle. How
many stockmen can afford to re
tire range land from grazing us
long enough to allow natural re
vegetation?
Grazing after sagebrush removal
unless strictly controlled, accelerate
soil movement and materially re
tards the re-establishment of rang
vegetation regardless of whether tn
area is artificially reseeded or LEI
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-07-15
E. ]. VOOLFOLK

ing management were provided. AL
though the sagebrush was removed
by burning in these studies, and
therefore the effects of removal per-
haps were more drastic than with
other methods, the principles in
Volved remain the same wherever
manipulation of a big sagebrush
stand is attempted.
Chemical Control
The use of chemicals in the re-
moval and control of undesirable
plants has gained widespread atten-
ton. Compounds such as 2,4-D have
proven to be very effective in re-
moving undesirable plants from
lawns, roadsides, and grain or other
fields. Recently, application of these
herbicides has been extended to the
ranges and the common big sage
brush has been singled out as a spe-
cial target. This attack stems large
ly from research conducted with
sand sagebrush near Woodward,
Okla, by D. A. Savage.
The war on sagebrush is spread
ing. Sprays are easily applied from
low-flying airplanes Dr. by machines
operated on the ground. Small chem
ical and equipment companies have
sprung up throughout the range
country-all advocating destruction
of sagebrush. Equipment and mate
rails are easily available and oper-
ators can be found who will spray
anything.
Some important facts have been
~disregarded. Research has not yet
shown that big sagebrush can be eff
fectively controlled by spraying with
herbicides. Mr.. Savage worked with
sand sagebrush, a species which
doesn't even occur in Montana.
Spraying trials on big s%agebrush in
Oregon in 1948 gave only a 40 per-
cent kill-not enough to justify the
effort and expense. Complete sue
cess has been reported from expert
ments in Colorado but this has no.
been verified. Stockmen cannot af-
ford to spend two or three dollar:
per acre for spraying big sagebrusf
just to find out that it won't work
After Killing
Another important point has es
capped most advocates of sagebrusl
removal. What happens after tn
sagebrush is killed? The bad eff
fects of unwise sagebrush remove
have already been mentioned. I'm
less ~reseeding and sound range man
agement follow, chances are goo
that the range will deteriorate rar
idly and probably reach a poore
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-07-15

studies already mentioned showed
that unless grazing was carefully
controlled sagebrush became thicker
in a few years than before removal
was attempted.
A year after big sagebrush was
removed from a range near Dell,
Mont, in 1947, there was only half
as much forage as on nearby un-
treated range and big sagebrush
seedlings were many times more
thrifty on the treated area.
Removal of sagebrush, regardless
of whether it is big, fringed, silver,
green, or some other kind, by any
method, is not a sound range i'm
provement practice. 1t must be fol-
lowed by determined efforts to in
crease herbaceous vegetation and,
most important, by very conserva-
tive grazing use and the best posi-
bic range management.
Each range area should supply
the basic information needed for a
sound range improvement plan, es-
pecially if the plan involves sage
brush removal. This calls for a
careful examination of the area, its
vegetation, soil, slope, etc., and thor
ough consideration of the impor-
lance of each area to the overall
ranch operation. If there is a fair
to good stand of ~herbaceous plants
under the brush, if the slopes are
steep, or the soil highly credible, it
would be best to leave well enough
alone.
Similarly, if the area is so impor-
tant to the ranch operation that it
can't be rested for a year or two,
the Improvement program should be
delayed until the operation can
function without that part of the
range or until additional range
acreage can be made available. Pro-
fessional assistance for a pretreat-
ment appraisal of sagebrush ranges
can be obtained without cost from
county agricultural agents, the State
college, or from mere federal
agencies engaged in range research
or range land management.
Reseed II
1t the sagebrush must go, pillow it
up or burn it by prescribed methods,
and reseed the site. Burning is ex-
tremely hazardous and should never
be attempted except under favor
able conditions, and then only after
adequate precautions for control and
follow-up have been provided. Re-
seeded range land must be protected
for a year or two after seeding, Their
continuously well managed and con
servatively grazed to insure high
sustained production of forage ant
livestock.
Flowing or burning of ~sagebrush
followed by reseeding, can be prop
erly done with good assurance TO,
success at costs ranging from So t.
So per acre, depending upon loca
conditions. On the other hand
spraying at 81 or SO per acre, if b,
chance it would work at all, is jus
the beginning. A sagebrush problem
still exists after the spraying is done
Jutv IL 1Qlo-33
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-07-15

NOollt1J 0dSCO1 Ool1 Is q NO1AhiAOh
range plant. 1t occupies a wide va
riety of soils and sites from eleva-
tons of about 1000 feet up to
timberline. The pioneers and early
settlers of the west considered it
an indicator of good soil and fire.
quently plowed it up to make
for agricultural crops.
On ranges in good condition sage
brush usually is sparse or confined
to the banks of intermittent drain
ages or other poorly vegetated areas
where competition for soil moisture
is not severe. Where dense stands
occur it is generally conceded that
some disturbance such as fire, plow-
ing, or prolonged o~vergrazing has
upset the natural balance of vege-
tation and given the sagebrush an
advantage.
The name sagebrush includes
many species or kinds of "Arte-
misia." One authority recognizes 26
different species in the intermoun-
tain and northern Rocky mountain
states. Of this number about a dozen
occur in Montana alone. The most
ommon species throughout Mon
tana is "Artemisia tridentata," local
ly called big sagebrush, black sage
or blue sage.
Reputedly of little forage value,
big sagebrush has been a life-saver
to many thousands of range live
stock in Montana and elsewhere
during hard winters and times of
drouth. Every bush makes a hole
in the snow (figure u thus aiding
livestock in search of forage on
winter ranges. Heavy utilization of
sagebrush Figure o is frequently
seen on cattle ranges at the end of
winter. Likewise, many sheepmen
have been saved from bankruptcy
by the big sagebrush on their ranges
that helped supplement dwindling
supplies of corn or other feed con-
centrates.
Holds Soil
In addition, big sagebrush has i'm
portant soil-holding and watershed
protection values. The familiar hum
mocky character of a sagebrush
range has resulted from the accumu-
lation of plant material and wind
blown soil under and on the lee side
of each bush. Without the big sage.
brush this dead plant material ane
loose soil would move on before tn,
wind. Soil now held in place b,
roots of the sagebrush plants would
soon follow. Similarly, in winte
drifting snow accumulates amonI
the bushes. When spring comes thi
now stays longer than where Their
is no brush-the run-off is slowe
and of longer duration and more c
it ~infiltrates the soil for use late
by growing plants.
Research conducted in Idaho b
the Intermountain Forest and Rang
experiment station has shown thu
increased soil erosion and reduce
range forage production would TO
low the removal of big sagebrus
from the range unless reseedir
with forage grasses and good grai
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-07-15

Sagebrush Isn't All Bad
Removal or Killing Requires Careful Planning
F. :. VOOLFOLK
Chief, Division of Range Research,
Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Missoula
Evening star., 1949-09-04
II German Girls Drown
In Foctory Water Bosin
BY the Asseeiafsd Press

GUMMERSBACH, G any
Sept. Twelve school girls
drowned today in factory's water
basin in Gimborn near here, Ger
man police said.
A public school class Of 16 girls
were bathing with their teacher
in the pool, when suddenly some
girls reached the slippery ground
Of the pool and slid into a deeper
part, police said. The girls des-
perateiy grasped the hands Of
their classmates and pulled them
down also.
The teacher saved four girls
The bodies of the remaining IL
were recovered after about 20
minutes. Police officials said bath
ing in the peol was prohibited
The teacher was held for ques-
tioning,
Evening star., 1949-09-04
Dog Holds Spotlight at Reunion of 29th

II division, who was detained en-
route to the convention.
The election tomorrow for ma
tional commander is expected to
be a walk-away for James M.
Stevens of Washington. Mr..
Stevens is a member Of Washing
ton Post No. 20.
"D-day," the dog. was hard put
to stay in the United Nations
room. He kept wanting to climb
back on the seat of his owners
Ijeep, the Vixentor. This vehicle
was the only combat survivor to
travel from England, Omaha
Beach, Germany and back to the
States. 1t shared the G street
entrance Of the hotel with a
beaten-up sentry box captured
from the Germans, complete with
cryptic phrases directed to der
Fuerher.
The mud -sloggers of the in
fantry division, to a man, stressed
that their reunion did not include
resolutions or plans to change the
state Of the nation.
1--WE just want to have fun"
they stated.
Evening star., 1949-09-04
Hot Rain
Continued From First Page.)

a cannery and fertilizer plant,
are located on the island.
One resident. who was sure he
saw smoke gush from an airplane
about the time the first attack
came, also recalled the wind was
blowing factory smoke away from
the town. But DR.. Friemuth said
he was certain airplanes were not
involved at all.
He said smoke possibly could
blow away from the town at low
level, then swept upward on higher
currents of air and still be dropped
on the town.
Water Cabbage Theory.
Another theory was advanced by
DR.. Lewis S. Welty, Talbot County
medical examiner. He blamed II
all on water cabbages, like this:
When the big leaves Of the plant
rot they give off hydrogen sulphide
fumes. If enough hydrogen sui
phide gets into the air and there
is a heavy dew, the hydrogen sui
phide may dissolve in the dew.
drops and form sulphur dioxide
which then turns to sulphurie
acid.
Maryland police still are investi-
eating, but it looks more like 8
case for a smoke abatement crew
than a criminologiSt.
Evening star., 1949-09-04
Longtime Recession
In Budget for Navy
Forecast by Denfe|d
BY the Assoeioted Press

ANNAPOLIS, Sept. 3.-The
Navy's budget will be "a receding
one for a long time" Admiral
Louis E. Denfield, chief Of naval
operations, predicted today.
"The economy Of the country
cannot stand large ornaments, u
he said in a speech at the 22d
annual convention of the Fleet
Reserve Association.
The current cutbacks are "ir
the interest of getting the best
and most efficient operations We
can possibly get," he told the 450
career enlisted men and auxiliary
members Of the association.
The admiral disclosed that the
Navy is trying to find "other jobs
and good jobs" for civilians to be
discharged under a recent Defense
Establishment layoff order.
He predicted higher pay scales
for servicemen.
1--WE are not going to have the
same quantity of personnel" he
said, "but we must have quality
He urged his listeners to get to
the grass roots and tell the people
what the Navy needs and what
for.
Perhaps we are not so glamor-
GUS as some Of the others. but it is
up to you to see that the Navy is
put before the country in a proper
light"
Admiral Denfeld and Read Ad-
miral James L. Holloway, jr.. Ma
val Academy superintendent, spoke
at the opening session Of the as
sociation's four-day meeting.
President Christopher c. San
ders of Brooklyn told the dele
gates that the association will
fight for improvement in the
standard Of living Of our members
and their dependents"
Admiral Denfeld reviewed q
dress parade Of 1000 Naval Acad-
emy plebes just prior to the open
ing of the convention.
Evening star., 1949-09-04

current phone numbers, nick.
names and addresses appeared.
The outfit, for the most par
is composed of District, Maryland
Virginia and New Jersey residents
The Omaha Beach operation!
forgotten, the men congregated II
the nearby cocktail lounges anc
their conversations went:
II was in headquarters. What's
this, few Of the boys are coming
up for a little chat-chat and yak.
yak!" Pushing their light gray
and dark blue overseas caps askew
the representatives of the invasion
said:
And I said, do you speak Eng.
lish?"
Directing the shindig was Barry
Cassell of Baltimore, a radio an
nouncer. II was mostly a private
and then a sergeant" Mr.. Cassel
said. Sure. I'm a member o1
this division but ! got hit so fast
hate to admit it."
Mr.. Cassell was a last minute
replacement for the former Gov.
ernor Of New Jersey, Harold Hoff-
man, an officer in the World War
Evening star., 1949-09-04
Boy, 10, Killed by Car
Near Shenandoah
SpeeieI Dispatch 10 The s,er

SHENANDOAH, Va, Sept. g.
A 10-year-old bicyclist was killed
today in the first traffic fatality
reported in Virginia on the Labor
Day week end. "
Shelby Gene Hensley, son OF
Mr.. and Mrs. A. T. Hensley OF
Route /, Elkton, died only a few
minutes after he was struck by
an automobile two miles south OF
Shenandoah on Route IL.
State Trooper c. H. Moore said
the boy was hit by a car driven
by Jennings Earl Good, 20, a
service station attendant, Route /,
Shenandoah. A technical charge
of manslaughter was placed
against him and he was released
under $500 bond for appearance
in Rockingham Trial Justice
Court.
According to Trooper Moore,
Mr.. Good. going north was pas
sing a southbound bus which had
stopped to take on passengers
when the Hensley boy and a
friend, Benny Morris. also 10,
emerged from behind the bus on
their bicycles. Trooper moore
quoted Mr.. Good as saying he was
unable to avoid the Shelby boy.
The boy was taken to Rockingham
Memorial Hospital, Rockingham
Memorial Hospital, Harrisonburg
but was pronounced dead on ar
rival.
Evening star., 1949-09-04
Planners Recommend
Rezoning Denial for
0|ney Theater Tract

Denial by the Montgomery
County Council of a petition for
commercial zoning of nearly nine
acres on which the Olney Theater
is located was recommended yes
terday by the Maryland-Nat
Capital Park and Planning Com
mission.
The commission also recon-
mended that a second rezoning
petition be approved and that &C
ton be deferred on a third.
The petition to rezone the Olney
tract, now classified Residential
A, was filed by c. Y. Stephens.
Mr.. Stephens said he planned
to expand housing facilities fol-
performers adjacent to the thea
ter and redesign the front Of the
theater.
In its recommendation, the COM
mission said the necessity for plac-
ing such large tract of land in
the commercial zone at this time
lis not at all clear The agency
pointed out there are three COM
mercial centers within a two
mile radius of the property in
question and expressed doubt that
the rural character of the area
would warrant the ablishment
OF a new commercial center at this
location"
Recommended for approval, with
the exception Of a portion fronting
along Blair road, was a petition
by Robert F. Daniel, agent fol-
ESQ Standard Oil Co., for the re-
classification from residential A
to commercial B of 932 square feet
at Blair road and Georgia avenue
The third petition, filed by D
Lee Batten, seeks reclassif1cation
from residential A to commercial
D Of $4,000 square feet at Mac
Arthur boulevard and Great Falls
road.
The commission proposed that
the council defer action on the
application pending recommends.
tions by the Public Roads Admin.
istration. the District Engineer!
Office. the Public Buildings Admin.
istration and the National Capita
Park and Planning Commission.