davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-06-23
Africans Still Slaves

nC WOIhcTS De1t1lSc LCdSoC III
quiry into forced labor, however, is
not limited to the concentration
camps of Stalin's Russia.
In Africa, still the Ozark contin-
ent" to most Americans, numerous
forms of slavery exist. Altho the
Emperor has decreed its end, old
time chattel slavery still imprisons
100000 Ethiopians.
Liberia, another free African
country, still is the scene of the
nefarious practice of relative
pawning." A head of a family need
ing some ready cash will place one
of his children or some other mem
Der of the family in hook for a
stated number of years in return
for the money. Then the 'hocked"
relative works off the debt.
Some African Moslem chieftains
still are engaged in primeval slave
trade.
Equally shocking c'onditi ion S
exist, however, in the Civilized"
Union of South Africa. The "lily-
white" government there forces ma
tive laborers to work for Is months
apiece in the gold mines for about
4Oc day. The short forced labor
term is designed primarily to pre-
vent the workers from forming
unions.
AS recently as 1943 an official
South African government docu-
ment stated that the ''stage Of de-
velopment" of these workers "does
not admit of their using trade
unions usefully or with safety"
Outright slavery and compulsory
labor for tribal chieftans still
i'm the Near East, and in
Asia the selling of children goes,
on. Recently US authorities in
Japan have been trying to pro-
hibit it there.
Debt Slavery In South
Peonage-debt slavery-is the
main form Of forced labor in Latin
America. Native indians make up
about 400 of the population Of
Chile, Peru and Bolivia.
Nearly 500 of them are poems.
Usually the "debt" to landlords and
mine owners is passed on them
from father to son. -.
Probably 10000 families in the
southern states Of our own US are
held in peonage by combination
of local landlords and sheriffs.
Some of them work the land.
Others are employed" by turpen-
tine, and lumber companies inl
Florida. These workers are fire.
luently kept in barbed wire com
pounds.
The WDL is planning full
scale, on-the-spot investigation of
slavery this year.
"Wetbacks", Mexican land work
ers brought illegally into the USl
with promises of high wages, often
become virtual slaves. They aren't
paid what they're promised, and
the fact that they're in the country
Illegally means that they can call
On. no one for help. .
Of the worlds two billion people
perhaps as many as 30,000,0O0 are
victims of some form of compul-
sorry labor. So long as these con-
iitions prevail, standards of work
srs in even the most advanced ma
ions are held down. Not to men
ion the inhuman treatment accord
I'd most of the victims of goth CEN
.ury slavery-and the moral stigma
hat is attached to every govern
nent which sponsors it or closes
is eyes to the facts.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-06-23
Douglas Accuses
Supreme Court OF
Aiding Monopoly

Washington (LPA) - The full
force of the antitrust laws has not
been felt on our economy because
of interpretations by the Supreme
Court, Justice William o. Douglas
charged in a court decision last
week.
Occasion for Douglass attack on
his colleagues was a five to four
ruling banning Standard Oil Co. of
California from signing or enforc-
ing exclusive supply contracts with
independent service station dealers.
The majority opinion, delivered
by Justice Frankfurter, pointed out
that "in 1948 only 1.6R of retail
outlets were what is known as
'split-pump' stations, that is, sold
the gasoline of more than one sup
plier." Most of Standards gas and
oil was sold by company-owned
service stations or by dealers under
exclusive contract. Under many of
these contracts the dealers also
have to buy all tires, tubes and
batteries from Standard. Such deals
were outlawed by the court.
A minority opinion of three
members of the court usually con-
sidered to be conservative, was
written by Justice Jackson. He OBJ
jected to out-lawing the exclusive
contracts, declaring that "if the
courts are to apply the lash of the
antitrust laws to the backs of busi-
nessmen to make them compete,
we cannot in fairness also apply
the lash whenever they hit upon
successful method of competing"
He considered contracting service
station owners a successful method
of competing.
Douglas, usually considered the
liberal of the Court, voted on the
same side of the fence. His reason,
however, was that in ruling out in
contracts the court left
the way open for nothing but COM
stations which are
even worse. "Our choice" he said,
must be made not on the basis of
but of the realities of
life"
"The method of doing business
under requirements contracts at
least keeps the Independents alive.
They survive as small. business
units. The situation is not ideal
from either point of view or that
Of the nation. But the alternative
which the court offers is far worse
from the point of view of both.
''The elimination of these re-
luirements contracts sets the stage
for Standard and other oil COM
panies to build service-station en-
pires of their own"
In his argument on the Standard /
Dill case, Justice Douglas referred
10 recent court decisions on United
Shoe Machinery Co., United States
Steel Corp, and International Har-
gester Co. As result of "the big
business philosophy" underlying
these decisions, he asserted, "big
business has become bigger and
bigger. Monopoly has flourished.
Jartels have increased their hold
IN the nation"
Douglas cited a Federal Trade .
Commission report showing that
the increase in the merger move
nent following VI day parallels
,ery closely the sharp upward
movement which took place at the
md of World War l."
Referring to the writing of the
ate Justice Brandeis, he mourned
he fact that "the lessons Brandeis
aught on the curse of bigness have
argely been forgotten in high
,laces."
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-06-23
OBITUARIES
EDWARD NJ. PETROWSKI

Trenton, N. Edward M. Pet
rowski, 33, of 1413 Princeton Ave,
died June II after a long illness.
He was the husband of Mrs. Helen
Garbarczyk Petrowski.
An auto parts salesman at Alex
ander Motors, Mr.. Petrowski for
merly was employed at the Tren-
ton Potteries. A veteran of World
War III, he was an honorary mem
Der of Mercer Chapter IL, Disabled
American Veterans, and Local
Union as, National Brotherhood of
Operative Potters.
A military funeral was held
from M. Winowicz. & Son Funeral
Home. Solemn requiem high mass
was offered in st. Hedwig's Church.
Burial was in Hedwig's Cemetery,
Ewing Township.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-06-23
Forced Labor Still
Worldwide ScOur9e
By WILLIAM c. GAUSMANN
Labor Press Associates

This month the US workers
delegate to the Int'l Labor Organ
ization meeting in Geneva persuad-
ed the United Nations agency to
extend its inquiry into forced labor
to all nations of the world. This
means that the extensive use OF
slave labor in the Soviet Union, as
well as the forced labor practices
widely prevalent in colonial areas
and existing in modified form even
in the US, will be subject to care
full scrutiny.
For about half a year the Work
ers Defense League, of which many
AFL and CIO representatives are
members, has been conducting an
investigation of the subject. Chief
researcher for the WILD on this
subject is Unitarian minister,
Rev.. Albert X. Herring.
visited him in his office this
week. The room is piled high with
testimony of witnesses-many of
them the escaped victims of con-
centration camp employlnent-and
with studies of labor conditions in
those areas where some form of
forced labor exists.
Herling, like other students of
slavery, insists that slave
labor in Russia is the gravest men
ace to free labor in the world to-
day. 1t is new and vigorous form.
1t is expanding its scope constant
ly, while the indefensible practices
of other areas are declining.
Estimates of the number of
slave workers in Russia range
from 100000 to ID 100000. A few
people declare there are as many
as 20,000,000 slaves in the Krem-
Inns sphere.
Who are these people =? Some are
criminals, number are
prisoners of war, some are con
scious political opponents of the
regime, but most are
just ordinary Russian workers and
peasants.
In many parts of Russia if a
worker is late to his job three
times he is arrested, housed in a
barracks, and taken to and from
work each day by guards. If he
commits another offense he is like
Iy to be shipped to a slave labor
camp by the secret police-now
called the MVD, until recently
known as the NKVD.
The whole gestapo-like operation
Of the MVD is financed by the
slaves. The MVD sells their labor
TO the various industrial trusts"
and supports its whole repressive
operation out of the proceeds.
The vaunted accomplishments of
Russian industriaization and re-
have been based upon
his system. In his latest book even
he Soviet apologist Walter Dur
inty says: "The NkVD has played
4 large part in the modernization
If Russia, especially in the build
ng of roads, canals, railroads, and
similar public works. Whatever
nay be said about the exact num-
,er of prisoners, political and Grim
nal, before and after the war, the
NKVD is almost certainly the larg-
st single employer of labor in the
world"
A Polish trade unionist now in
America after having been releas-
ID from a slave labor camp told
he WDL: "In Russia strategic
resources development is
n the hands of the secret police
he Soviet regime could not exist
Without slave labor"
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
Republicans
Few Democrats.
Refuie Truman

WASHINGTON July IA Re
publlcans Ecncrally "a cunMgcss
and . feu Democrsts taok ex
ceplion tooay o. soFne uf the re-
marks made last night ~ Press
dent Truman IN h@ firesisle
chat about economic conditions
IN the uniied Stssex
They tosk exception psrtiCa-
larlv t0 hh charge thai mars
peupie ~wtsuld like D. have .
depression fog political Fessonz
4 fesv Senstors aud stiil mlore
representatives asserted that mo
ipnsiF Win has the Interests ~ hia
cuunirF - heart wesild welessmse
e deplesslun for puiitwsi a. ans
other rvssuns II Nag stated fuf
ther that selfish Interest," 4re
nat sCtuat ng the men IN eun
efrss who sdvocate crunnmN in
government These men 4 Was
.tsied sFe WUrktnR snlely "a tise
interests ut the oHel balfdened
American takpsvets
Representative Jo~ Martin ~
publican. sf Massaehtaswtts. ihe
speakeT ln the seth rumafeaa.
ssid the President - nut faol
ma snyh0iy exCeYt hIFnself. ard
thc loneet ire siat Congress re-
mains 10 ssslun the twttef tfae
8uth Cungres. lnoks
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
KEY WEST MAY Be
GIVEN TELEVISI0N
CHANNEL SHORTLY
ftl. Recommends
key West Anong ~
fioFislm Communities
That Get 4 haTtnrl

key West NAV b. ore uf 80
cities and towns IN Florlda that
may ~ aiisatcd tclc,e eion
broadcast channels if the FEEDER
~ Communication Commission
pfuposals are approved a was
snnnuneegi t6siav
Approximately 700 mpr
teleVision stations mas ha tlf
sn the future in ncarl, 3 20D .It.r.
and towns MT previously a.ln.
Gated hrssdgssi chaunel Hndr
the FCC"s pruposcd regulation.
"a add a. neR teletisipn channel.
o. The existing o. would pelmii
the expansion
Officials ~ ths FCC .a8 thr
present dozen channrl esu nu.s
accommodate 5s3 ststiau. u 1-l
localitics. and added thaf anic
the proposed program tnr
could be about 22&5 stations u
the zoo cities and toAus
The PC pruppsais aIe -an.f
g. q puhIi, hearing Aae4.I I3'H
80 Washington 4ith fu#H
ton planned ii pussib.r uS tHr
end III the wear
There Is nuA uu teIes ls.au saf
lct IN ke, Wet Tho ueafrst l-
lCoutlnucd On Page ItTecl
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
ROTARY CLUB NOW
HEADED BY ROBERT
DOPP AS PRESIDENT

Rotary Club &c. succeCds Aquill
uo LppcL Jf- who noN becomes
N6re president
~ TIE same time the new Ro-
srv Club secretary d. JACK
Have. Went into office while a.
treasurer Charles smith Sr con
tinuei o. serve the organization.
ani nre directors Were Dopp.
Earl q adams Horace O.Brysnt.
and Haliau q Bervaldl
NBr snt a,tinE N behalf 1f the
riuh presented Lopez alth q % q
president badge. while Iope
turned over to Dapp the pres
dents badge
Duup saSr brief talk thank
ing thc club ipf the PRESIDENCY
and stating aIth the full aoopcra
tlnn nf the group the cpfninE wear
Nuuli prove highly successful
Lopez then turned the meeting
over g. Past President Eduln
Trevor Trevor called the atten
tom # thc club 90 the work hc
iug dome here ht thc Armed Set
wees NMCA Then he called upon
FORREST TURNER aHr,tp uf thc
fai YMCN
Turner ssII trc YMCA n do.
.ng e. ob % kpt Wet Thr club
furn shlua thc Na4t men NIth
recreation fsfiltief and tung a.
lConiIuaeb Ou pagc ThIccl
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
BIG THREE STEEL COMPANIES
ASKED TO RECONSIDER DECISION
N 6GDAY COOLING OFF" PERIOD
President Makes RegHesE CoHpans
Officials Erpeciesi IT, fcf
Late Today
Late To-day

a. : - =. : a.. Ias.as4.
t M M
a f m
m
- 8w
aKM
.masataa.sa - a.
tn He
gHu asss
Fa m
nmm ~
K
ssas ss
49,. - tsas aae = aa s
-
M ~ -
- .s
Nws
M - - ef -
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
Broadway Has
$4,000 Air
Condition Unit
Gmsla, Begin. Offieial
~anFl tpf Moslrrn Cool.
imE ~y~aems 40 To ~
fhearees toaler

knt B. efFn. mAnaNer 81 tne
NaaH NsaEer MaFket an
nnss tsa8as tllat . &lomio air
Kamassasa mK unlf hlm bern "a
Nt n fl8 fafe
rs af Naii ~ apeFafNd ~ =
Ass Far sgaHe tsWa wili he from 90
A. t8 aamfses cssaef in me store
fkam nn 49, aatstlio Tfe system
fan - 81 salsani e. ran "a an even
ra#atFH tHuH Hefature. hut the 10 o.
EN NeHFNe nsffefwmiial ~ sad o.
kw the mat anasFallln
- MFefa sgatna fhis mofning
faat afa s1nfe M Nlr FIRST super
Nsksf m kes &cat 81 Install air
Fmfasmna mnd that hn will
faaam e. make Improvement
a. faa off afoaa ard his hus
mss efaaf naaes e. e0pana.
Nke aaF Namlaainn Ia helna 81
maiF n8aee1 lm use fga tae firat
tss teaas The Merton n Cans
ss nea nnf ag Nlaml Installed the
MWAmNi mmit
Nfm ana m capable 0i rrmuK
~ hmn ffaa stfaaaplfure 34s.0oo
MTN8 u hm HTus aFc British
WhHrnaa unsgs fseas anit TIE ma
~ hm hFseuuwer of p
U.s. a anfItian.na emit ear b.
NHf wth an faui cubic
fst fH1sl ataf ehirh Is ran b.
maH ra1n8 m 80 horsepower
eH skfa tar hgaafwaY unii
e t I'D flelloia refrixera
A
N mn aflnn sFsfem usea
Hnn 81 aaa atith s = hquid.
sHt Ur.niemesd when
f mta tft nlprs Tbs haaid
tnfsagh cupfar tuh
Cd tH hrm af ooiis end Isl
n nE t shsurbs beat
t sNnu rieFf 1hr heat
Fsn tnf hq4a iutp Eas.
Hn af Through utheT
tnfuush these iaf
tah thf Ha t dfa@n into
an8 au8rnsufs that
m mff t anl slaft thc pruoUas
a sHan
n fh llrasaaaf store
EH r.ant uIuutes
s pIstss
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
CAB REVOKES LICENSE OF
COMPANY THAT OPERATED PLANE
WHICH CRASHED OFF SAN JUAN
Investigator Recommends RerocaiiOn
BE Made Permanent: Charge
Rules Violated

WASHINGTON July ~ The
Civil Aerunautcs Board an
nounocd today that Il bad revok-
ed the hcrnse of The company
that had opc, atcd the plane
which crashed on June ? of san
Juan. Puerto Rico. entailins .
los of s. lives
ID W Russell who investigs-
ted lhc accident ior CAB rcCom-
mendcd that the revocation of
the license be- made permanent
be charged that the company
had violated safety rules. that
the condition of the plsnr IN
quess,on had becn faulty and
that thc nlane hsd bern over
lDaded
Eighty uuc persons were
sboard the plans "a II whuin
were ,csCued TIE plane wa .
& a. and Russell .shf tha' u
was uvsfcfpVdcd Had the rul~s
been observed and pFescrlbed
taken. Russell can
clusled. me accident would nul
have uerugred
The plane ieit Puerto hiCu iof
NeW Yofk. Nlth q schedulca
top "a Miami Aimust al the
.scrsona W-ho lust theig livcs were
Puerto Ricans un their way a.
New Yurk D. loin TIE Puerto
Rican colony in the bg0nx
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
Gov. Warren
Appoints Five
key WNlerS


TALLAHASSEE isis ~
GoseFnaf Fuiies Wsrren slaaat
81 hve Keg wsssefs e. efner fss
trFiaY two hFtiEs t.mn n
ers sEsd shfe~ psisi ssassasaaaegs
Authauv lhsueflst was maus
to ssnceed Wlhau H rsater 80
tlls bragr cusuuiisstum afs8 -
wln y TreVsu waa sggamsna 81
sssgreet hsusaelf ne usangf1s pas
fur hsidNs rsagnmnaanHefa a SO
Wslhsn haksr maa nnaas aa
piiat c1anfniaasfner o. asref8 W
{ SNcefinE fAeaeg HiaNs ta as1l
cesd Fres Miller ass8 paui A
ctsg in ths platw ~ Ael M
kngwlsa Cha1ira Tapuna aas fe
appointed
figse vacafHs FweaalNs e. tH fltl
80 un tiaR uslaf essslssH tnn
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
SEVEN NEW MEMBERS
ADDED TO LEGION
POST LAST NIGHT


h'sN i.ai ''. .''"ie fi' "h''t' ''e
a-r 20 " fraif
N.H'' .ta IfA 'un htst
"'ii 90 N.'fi i.t'ii' iA ''''t 'i
tht LrA."n i' n.alr't .iesn
ala'. is'i'anshIp .'a' "''f and
i
pi'''I' '".i'|tI pa ht i'ri
t'a..t "' WEE H'tiins @ 'st"
Ni@n.tI pa.t Department.
lh.is-l Spanish N'' t'
flan ~fa n.e. di..H.-.
NfiFf' Ni"..ti HI i'r h lt Sic
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
Loses Appetite
After Work

CAtkssBu HG eel ApT Ee
hesi way tn 9pt aet g. : haN Aan
aay mseai 81 tu Am = Esma af sa
asasf @osk Thai mas - ssFe
flTe ffamisla Soc atfsara. hs8 "A
tarkfiTea un iagrv t,ueuals2
dama fNfsHe lum8h ssmlW ha sWgm
80 ara um . NNFNFh8 8Nt8
ire eFsuk silsssea hm8 @fa s
htm "a thn - a. 49, feN tngah
ema 81 fmtegNaf im eMM MsH
damme
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
Adams Returns To
County Courthouse

Circuit Cnairt Clerk kmFl u A.
AIMS returned today 81 tfe Csaanty
eouft house b. resume his dutie4
BE had bsecn eff foT t~o DAYS ts~
cause ~ santaFns 0n hls feet A.
sns went fishlnG snd teok eff rs
tines and ihe rrsuiting buTus foa
eed hlm O. So So b~a fuF $50
oayA
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14

slN nl thg tup medical men ~
thc Armsd F,rcea arrived ln thc
q = Naval IA Siatiun st,s,4t
npon spdsy and remained here
fpr o shoe, tune vhit making sn
Inspection tpur 90 the Canbl.~sn
area
Nratin1 dienitsrie. erfs
Dr. Rsyntund p Allen aifr. -
~ the nrdiesl services diVaun
of the ARMED Fufces
Dr Richard l. Neiling aest
ant dire tor of the medical ef,
pcs distapn pf ttr Nfurd fnf
rrs
Major General Raemnna "
Rh-, t'sN srgepn gene 81 ~ t0e
T. * Awt
Rc-r Admiral Clffsrd 4 ~n
SEN USN. ifgezsn general af fhr
New
Maiuf Crpersf Nslean g.
Cpu surgeon reenfs % - ths Air
ftsFres
Rear Admfsl JoTi T R-me
TSN Eenet.l usnsrtsr - tha
redIrsl department rf f.e O. ~
New
AreHuuaut snE fheru s ere Cap
tsfn Iee g titlliev t'S Arfnrst
s.Hte- uilhls relation sits a.
Commander Atthur ~ NeIesn.
a.ie e. the .ufEeun Eemeral - fhe
Ns.t nH 81. uassenssf Contain
e 3 ratks U~S sttsghs st Ger
sls> Nelcumels
Whit hs.rs thc sff.ciai vaf1saf
fts = N.tsi ilasu.faI epa
H,aked over trs other New in
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14
Trwk (msoy
Not Held
Ry Russians

HzfMtfN A E& NM#
f AH AfF Has
HF - f
Hna taaaae aaafaaa8 aaaasamaas e
Gas
fs HHn cess
r W eN e. M
Nmaf ta u
aasf aaa tha1 t H
81 f ~
aa 81 u
mnfs am 81 E
tan 8a Ef
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14

Rutert bupp aas INSTALLED g..
day a. President oi ihe No Wet
The Key West citizen., 1949-07-14

ca-.@ n sra See th@ NEw lsas
hudson As cvl-shs smart.
est a@sisn lines in boav end isa
Evening star., 1949-08-05
Let's Stamp 1t Out.

How unfortunate it Is that good
English isn't as catching" as bad
English! It seems that we Amer
leans have a positive genius for
picking up and popularizing the
illiterate errors which we hear and
rear.
The asinine aren't 70" is a good
case in point. Aren't ~" was picked
up and parroted by American writ
ers who saw the illiterate express
sion in trashy British fiction. With
ecstatic cries they introduced
aren't ~" into their own cheap
writings in the fatuous belief that
the expression is society" English.
And now, in almost every issue of
every magazine, on almost every ra-
dio play, in almost every motion
picture, we are entranced by some
smarty-pants female character who
remarks elegantly, I'm bad girl,
aren't I, John?"
It hardly seems necessary to
point out that aren't II" is the
contraction for "are not I?" a. locu-
ton that is in every way as litter
ate as you am" and 1--WE is" Never
theless, the hacks who grind out fic-
ton. film plays, and radio scripts,
and, indeed, some teachers of Eng
lish, think that aren't ~" is pref
ty hot stuff. They need to 60 back
to the third grade and brush up
on their personal pronouns.
Affectation is bad enough. But
affectation plus ignorance is moth
ing short of idiocy.
Clip and save this article. When
ever some writer, broadcaster, or
film player insults your intelligence
with aren't II" register your pro-
test at once by mailing this article
Cor a copy) to the offender.
Be sure to include your name and
address with your comments. No
one pays much attention to anony-
nous comments.
Aren't II" is corrupt and idiotic.
Let's stamp it out!
Evening star., 1949-08-05
Points for Parents By 1d'A Thomas Wallace
desire initiate those they lone more effective IN hetp
ina children become contoists repeated reminders

Son-I'm going to eat my car
rots with my fork. as you and
daddy do.
Mother-That's fine. I'm sure
that you can.
Evening star., 1949-08-05
Goren on Bridge
Make the Opposition Do Your
Guessing For You.

Make the OppOsltiOh Do
Guessing For You.
The bidding is given as it actually
occurred. 1t was normal enough m
all respects with the exception OF
VESTS overcall of two clubs, which
can be condoned, If at all, only IN
consideration of the Vulnerable
features of the deal. North mas q
GOOD hand in support of partners
opening spade bid, but may content
himself with a simple raise mas
much as it is free bid and tnus
denotes definite values. South haV-
ing definite values beyond the open
ing bid is privileged to make one
more move and North's raise 10
game is routine.
West opened the king OF clubs,
which declarer won and extracted
trumps in two rounds. Everything
appeared to hinge upon guessing
the location of the jack OF dla-
monds. inasmuch as two hearts and
a diamond had to be lost in any
event, In view of the overcall, de-
clarer elected to play West for the
ace Of . diamonds. He, therefore
led the four and played the king
from dummy. This lost to the aee
and the subsequent finesse OF the lo
of diamonds also failed. Sorry,
partner, I misguessed 1t, out tne
bidding threw me Oh"
IF it had come down to cold
proposition of guessing the locatlon
of the Jack of diamonds, no fault
could be found with the declarers
technique. But there was no need
for him to be in any hurry to guess.
There is always the chance that the
opponents might do his guessing
for him. On a great many hands,
gratifying results are attained by
giving the ball to the opposition.
This is rather in the nature OF the
strategy of smart quarter back
on a muddy field.
Declarer's best bet was to coax
a diamond lead from the enemy. In
fact, he might even be able to COM
pel it. The five of clubs should be
ruffed Immediately and the trumps
drawn. Now the ace and another
heart gives the ball to the opposi-
tion, and since a club may not be
returned, the one who wins this
trick may have to lead diamond
If he has another heart, as &C
tually was the case, he may lead
that. But now the diamond lead Is
compelled. If worst comes to worst
and the player who wins the third
heart trick has still another heart
to lead, then declarer is no worse
off than he was in the first place. He
simply goes out to guess the jack of
diamonds. But it is sound tactics
to postpone all guessing as long as
possible. More often than not some
one will tell you when you are at a
loss as to the best procedure.
Evening star., 1949-08-05
Test Your Horse Sense s,Dsew c''"'

the ladder of civilizations progress
so try to match those listed In the
left hand column below with their
creators, as named in the right
hand column. You are entitled to
one point for. each correct judg-
ment.
(a) Ah'plane tv) Mccormick
(b) Carpet wv, GOODYEAR
Sweeper
Co Electric tx) Bissell
light ,v, Ed;son
Id Hard Rubber ~
(e) Reaper tz) Wright Bros.
Score yourself as follows: o..
poor; 3-6, average; 7-8, superior:
9-1O, very superior.
ANSWERS.
Typhoon 2. Atmosphere. 3. Whinny.
4. Frog uIives on both land and water(.
&. Bilge (Foul water in ships hulD. 6. "a,
Airplane-Wrights tzl. (b) Sweeper-Bis-
sell (x). oc) Light-Edison W. I'D Rub
(w). (e) Reaper-McCor-
mick w.