davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-06-13
Mr.. Fly on Wire Tapping
Former FEC Member Expounds His Views on Dirty
Business in Reply to Star Editorial
ton Of the case AEA4asi him ~As { fr@H
o' the possosoGs f~cs Emphasis added
The Poisonous Tree

ton o, the case AEA4asi him xAs fr&H
o. the posSoHogs f"es. Emphasis Ae1ec
The Poisonous Tree
The Governments own WRONG .rcsz,
which they goi ~know ic1ge VAS tae Tap
nothing else The poisonous Tree ~%s sAs
tap, The illegal evidence sec4yrc ~As from
the tap. Not 10 oelaaoy the point venture
10 Sagges; that where II the same case .lar
Supreme Court referred 10 unlawful laps
y. 33s. IL means unlawful taps M jaSs2ce
MeReynolds oISsenteaE WaSatul tAIak&Es /.
a dangerous pastssne "a. Attorneys G~neTal
e.. The evil incident 10 INVASION ct the
privacy OF The telephone is far grrA!er
than that involved IN ianpeg.ug ~i:h ths
mails Whenever a telephone l!ne is tap
ped. the privacy 0. The persons Al eogh
ends Of the line is invaded and a. Coc-
verSatons between them upon any sub
tect. and although proper confidential
and priylleged may be overheard More
over. the tapping OF one mans telephone
line involves the tapping Of the telephone
OF every other person whom he may cal! o.
VINO may call him. As means O! eSp.on-
age writs assistance and general warrants
are but puny instruments OF tyranny and
oppression when compared With wlge tap
ping.
II IS also immatsIiai that the tntg8-
sion vas III AID o! Law enforcement Ex-
periepce should teach Us 10 be most or
our guard 10 protect liberty when the
Governments purposes are oenencent
Men born 10 freedom are naturally alert
10 repel INVASION OF their liberty by evil
minded rulers. The greatest dangers 10
liberty lurk in insidiouS encroaehment by
men OF zeal well-meaning but without
understandings Mr.. Justice BrandelS in
Olmstead V United States. 2T7 L. S AS
475-476, 47sl
In the same case Mr.. Justice Holmes said
Il think II a less evil that some criminals
should escape than that the GoYernme nj
should play an ignoble part" tp. 4To'
Wire tapping is the publlcs business. The
public is entitled TO a full accounting The
time is high The Government cannot
afford TO dehauch itself through systematic
violation OF the law IL is sworn TO enforce.
and at the same time on the broader sphere.
nullify the mandate OF Congress Let Us
bring this dirty business out OF the man
holes and cellars and face up to 1t in the
light OF day, JAMES LAWRENCE FLY.
New York N. Y.
Evening star., 1949-06-13
The AMA's New View

In the past the American Medical Asso-
citation, together with most OF Its con-
stituent State and local societies, has been
opposed not merely to compulsory national
health insurance but also to all laymen-
sponsored voluntary prepayment plans to
cover doctors bills and other costs incident
to sickness.
Within recent years, this standpat policy
has been the target of mounting criticism
from many quarters, including growing
number of dissenting members Of the
medical profession. The main point of
the criticism has been that the ANA, In
resisting all prepayment plans not domi-
mated by the profession, has taken an
unreasonable and unrealistic view of mod
ern health needs and Of the economic
problem they entail for great numbers OF
Americans.
Now, however, as II to answer the criti-
cism and lessen the current pressure for
compulsory national insurance, the ANA
seems to have retreated bit from Its past
policy. At any rate, In the set Of twenty
principles Just adopted by its House OF
Delegates, it gives qualified approval, for
the first time, to the idea Of voluntary
prepayment plans organized ana run by
lay groups without dominance by doctors.
The main qualification Is that such nom
profit enterprises, before being accredited
by the ANA, must first be approved by
state and local medical societies.
In the opinion Of DR.. Dean A. Clark.
president of the Cooperative Health Fed
Grafton, this qualification may have the
effect of nullifying the spirit Of the AMA's
action, because it means that the decision
either to approve or disapprove the plans
will rest primarily with "the very State
and local societies which have been bitterly
opposed to them In the past" According
to DR.. Clark, that opposition In some cases
has been so extreme that certain OF the
societies have practiced discrimination
against dissenting doctors cooperating
with prepayment organizations.
Nevertheless. though keeping his fingers
crossed. Dr.. Clark has hailed the AMAs
Evening star., 1949-06-13
Who Owes Whom?

The public golf courses should oe oper-
ated by the Recreation Board regardless
of the fate of the Rivers bill directing that
this be done. Such operation was con-
templated when the legislation establish
ing the Recreation Board was under con-
sideration The Recreation Board would
be operating them now had the Interior
Departments Park Service ever shown the
slightest indication of friendly co-opera-
ton. Instead, it has manifested Its jealousy
of the Recreation Board and has made a
glorious mess Of its dealings with the golf
course lessee, 8. g. Leofier.
Before any arrangement can be con-
cluded with the Recreation Board, how
ever, some order will have to be brought
out of what seems to be the chaotic book
keeping records to determine who owes
whom. One audit of the books concludes
that about $31 ,135 of the Leofler expendi-
lures should be disallowed. Another sug-
gests that the Leoffler organization owes
the Government almost $4,000. Mr..
Leoff1er seems to think the Government Is
indebted to him. His lawyer contends that
renewal of his contract with the Park
Service Is in order. And commitments evi-
ucut4y GdfS bCcIl ILdOc W LCO11lCL, NY
the authorities In the Interior Depart
ment, which would seem to place the
United States Government under obliga-
tion to him.
This auditing nightmare, unfortunately,
was not clarified by the House Public Lands
Subcommittee which took Mr.. ,Leoffier and
the Park Service over the Goals. It pro-
duced one bill forbidding the Interior De-
partment to make another golf course deal
with him and another bill directing opera
ton by the Recreation Board. But. the
puzzled reader is still uncertain whether
the Government must do something for
Mr.. Leoffier or whether Mr.. Leoffier must
do something for the Government before
everything is square and ready for a new
deal.
The Recreation Board is fully competent
to operate the golf courses In the public
interest. It might require some capital
II the Leofder equipment is to be purchased
but that could be obtained by changes
in the law permitting adequate advances
from the boards trust fund, or other
sources. The advances would be repaid
out of operating revenue and in The Stars
opinion, which 1t has expressed many times
before, we would obtain better golf courses
and improved operation of this public
property.
Evening star., 1949-06-13
Four and Twenty Fish

The boy tcaa sapifHe -EkiHnv. thafehss sHa
tan.
And 1.-THE enough 10 ieep frcFs bssh 10
boulder
with yosfled ashmorns IN aa old sts esH
And q peeled w4iioan pole aeyoas has
shoulder
NE sntGed the late gsas air hf< snHHs <1s
hound
And there hns EHHHfy Efs6osa IN ha
eyes.
Knosssrc that al OF sayth nas warn.
troes ground.
A creek. shs sun as6 stlHey Gsacca ssss
Aa6 that fhs day nas made 20 ~ hs
retsh---
And that ne aosla cafeA fcxy end fssafg
fahf
AMoBKl ARMOUR
Evening star., 1949-06-13
Is Reorganization Expiring, Too?

The Hoover Commission on Organiza-
tion Of the Executive Branch of the Gov
eminent has formally expired. It would
be tragic thing II Government reorgan-
ization were to expire with it. Unthinkable
though the prospect may be, the fact
remains that the deadlock in conference
over the reorganization bill is threatening
the death of reorganization this year, If
not for some years to come.
The passing of the Hoover Commission
provides a lesson in administrative eff
cheney of the sort which may be more
widespread if an effective reorganization
becomes possible. Its work completed, the
commission Succumbed to no urge for
self-perpetuation. It closed its books,
handed its accounts over to the Treasury
with several thousand dollars surplus re-
manning from its appropriation, and sur
rendered its Office space to the Public
Buildings Commission.
The commission has sent to the Presi-
dent and Congress the most comprehensive
collection of information on governmental
shortcomings ever compiled. It's volumin-
GUS reports are constructively critical.
Not only are ineff1cient and waSteful
methods and setups exposed and decried,
but far-reaching, intelligent recommends
tions are made to correct the evils
The President Is reported to be ready
to submit to Congress series OF reorgan-
ization proposals embodying some OF the
key suggestions of the bipartisan Hoover
group. He awaits only signal from Con-
gress. The signal will come with enact
ment of the legislation now stalemated
in conference. The bill would authorize
the President to present his proposals,
subject to sixty-day veto by Congress,
One Of the issues in conference is whether
this veto should be exercised by one Or
both houses of Congress. Another con-
Germs exemption Of certain agencies from
any general reorganization plan.
The President and the Hoover Com
mission prefer a two-house veto and no
exemption for any agency. The Star
believes that better reorganization would
result from the two-house veto plan and
the inclusion of all branches of the Gov
ernment in the reorganization program.
But even If compromise bill is finally
approved, the chances Of any reorganiza-
ton at all at this session are slim indeed.
Unless Congress should decide to extend
the present session beyond the normal
July 81 adjournment date, insufficient
time viii remain for Congress TO consider
q reorganization plan for the required
sixty days. The seriousness Of this out
Evening star., 1949-06-13

action as q considerable step toward the
recognition by organized medicine OF the
right OF consumers voluntarily to organize
to provide health care for themselves"
Conceivably. If not frustrated at the local
and State level and II put into force in
an Affirmative and vigorous spirit, the
associations shift In policy could lead to
great countrywide burgeoning of effective
voluntary plans. There would then be
little left of the argument for q Federal
system OF compulsory insurance.
Evening star., 1949-06-13
Wants Public Spared
Sight Of Sorority limitations.
To the Enitnr Of Iha HIarN

On Friday evening June after IL pm
on our most popular F street downtown. !
saw some teen-age girls being goats for a
sorority on their H Night"
In front OF the Capitol Theater two were
scrubbing the sidewalk and pushing a potato
with their noses on the pavement over all
the germs and dirt.
Up in the next block very young Taft
Junior High School girl was standing while
her goat masters" from Central High School
were inside eating. This youngster told me
she had been out for hours with her shoes
on the wrong feet. She was a pathetic and
nauseating spectacle who had molasses
poured over her pigtails. then powdered
with four with an additional raw egg
streaming over her exposed shoulders and
arms plus all the grease and war paint on
her face.
Where are the parents who would permit
their daughters to subject themselves to
this embarrassment and mental agony
Passersby wanted to take her home but
she said she had TO remain because she had
to push piece Of dirty coal with her nose
up the block before she could go.
/ called the attention OF this TO a police
man who said 1t had been going on for years
and they couldn't do anything about IT,
Well think that the District Commissioners
should outlaw this type OF public demon
stfation on OUR streets at once.
OF course II these guls want tosbe put
through these puniShments like being In a
concentration camp. please make them do
1t within the Fairgrounds Of their schools
or at a private home.
Washington Is the most beautiful city
In the world and with the thousands OF
visitors here every day We should make 1t
an ideal one and not have them return TO
their hamlets and tell others OF this dis
graceful conduct Of Our girls. This does
not improve the ideas Of what Americanism
or good citizenship Is and / hope some
letters will be sent to John Russell Young.
District Commissioner, protesting these pub
lie demonstrations
A NATIVE wASHINGToNrAN
Evening star., 1949-06-13

promises are better broken than keptss'~--
w p L.
A. Abraham Lincoln used thess words In
his last public address In Washington, D c
on April II. 1865.
@ What part OF. the family income should
be spent for food7-L q. A.
A. According 10 the survey AZ family
spending patterns In three cities made by the
Bureau OF Labor Statistics food expenditures
for all families with incomes under sIo 1000
amounted TO about one-third II varied
somewhat between cities and ranged from q
little less than half OF total consumption ga.
pendltures In the 81 900 TO 81 900 income
class TO about fourth In the 1900 10
$4,000 class.
@ How much money Was spent by motor.
iSte on vacation last yeaTT-~B r. r.
A, II Ia estimated that about 90 900 COO.
600 was spent BY motorists on vacation trips
which covered $4,000 900 900 passenger milea
last year.
@ Where was Congress in session xhsn
Gen. Washington presented hia resignation
as Commander IN Chief OF the Continental
Army7--A. r. r.
A. Gen. Washington presented his ressg-
nation 10 Congress In the state House at
Annapolis, Nd. in December ITa3. Con-
gress was In session there from November
26 1888. 70 June J. 1854.
@ How does the numhef nf married
women employees in the United States com
pare with the number of unmarried women
workers7-R r A
A. In ie4s married women workers out
numbered single women workers 81 mil
lion 10 So million.
Q What Ia the other namt for = plane
tree7-~I X w.
A. In the United States ths plane pss
Ia generally called sycamore.
@ How much land In the world Ia suit
able for the production Of food7~-w O.
A. II Ia estimated thai there are about
1000 900 900 acres Of land tn the world
suitable for raising food This Ia roughly
about 10 Of the total land area Of tas
world.
@ Are birds . msior hazard 70 sisplaass
IN ntght7-B q. q.
A. Birds are not . major hazard 70 air-
planes In fight. but many bad accidents
have resulted from collisions with nYins
ducks. geese and others
G. How Iong Ia the sfnaIiest hurmsnE-
bird7~-W. b @.
A. Helenas hummingbar6 Of Cuba. soaas-
times called ths fairy hlxmminxbaTd. h aald
70 be tire smallest bird Ia the spsic Il
measures from ia 70 7ls inches Ia isnxth.
The largest hummingntrd. known as The
giant hummer Of the Andes. measures ffozn
0 10 . inches Ia isnsth-
Evening star., 1949-06-13
How 10 Rejuvenate Cadets
Suggested by Coolidge Students
Ta . he - a..

Sukktstfu US SO0IuEe SfudFntS
To the Editor Of The Star.
In response 10 the other letters YOU receiy-
ed from upholders OF the Washington High
School Cadets We of Calvin Coolidge High
School believe We have the answer to one
OF the biggest problems that interferes with
the cadets--that OF sports interfering with
cadet drill Yes. our enrolment al Coolidge
Is very small but We have started the prae-
tice OF having our cadet drill at 30 three
days a week. These drill periods last for an
hour and fifteen minutes and terminate Ave
minutes before our preliminary period ends
We are discouraged with the enrolment OF
the BRIGADE but we are far from giving Up
hope. The faculty and student body Of every
school In Washington should make II their
responsibility TO uphold and honor the Cadet
Brigade as well as the duty OF every cadet.
We believe that cadets can do as much for
a boy as any other activity that q high
school can offer to It's students. All students.
athletes or not. have O chance for advance
ment. However. the sixty y-forty ratio based
on scholarship and. secondly. cadet ability
should be changed 20 that the rating would
be based primarily on cadet ability and
secondly on scholastic efiortS This 10 q
problem for the Board of Education
We recommend O change In the cadet pro-
gram In favor Of j. r. b. T. c. training
course but not as extensive as that proposed
by the Army. The Army J. r, O. T. c. pro-
gram contains public health and frst-aid
classes which are nov included In the school
gym program. The stnffy close order drills
must be supplemented by more diversified
program TO regain the dwindiing interest In
cadets.
We wish TO extend 10 you our sincere
thanks for publishing the lettsrs you reeety-
ed to help us fight for q better and larger
organization. DON D. ROwEII
First Sergeant efh REGIMENT.
HARRY KRIEMEI.MEYER.
First Lieutenant. 9Th Regiment.
Evening star., 1949-06-13
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication mast bear
the signature and address OF the
,oriter. although IL is permissible for
q tpritev knomn 10 The Star 10 use
q nom de plume Please be bret.
Evening star., 1949-06-13

Loeks Ahead q Year
Fer Resief Frem EpendinG
To sAs E6ssor sf Trs Star
This. definitely. is the worst. the most
spendthrift Congress in all our history.
outrageously oppressed taxpayers VIII deal
with n I'm 1850 Let N hope tt Win be In time
10 avoid sharing ths poverty
i. DOMHKuN
Evening star., 1949-06-13

look cannot Be exaggerated. II Congress
wishes TO show its good faith with regard
to reorganization, 1t will have to show
more enthusiasm and determination than
IL has evidenced I'D to now.
Evening star., 1949-06-13
Questions ond Answer,

FtAcst can set the answer % aAs susstlss 81
fATt BY stitas The EysAihs klsf taIafmstlsT,
safesa ils ] street M Washthstan : b Z
Please LheIoss thfss tSl esntA tpf FstsFe eastass
Evening star., 1949-06-13

A thing that must make for boundless
confusion in Chinese warfare, as Mr..
Dooley pointed out years ago, is that all
the orders are given in Chinese
Evening star., 1949-06-13
BY THE HAskiN SERVICE.

Q Did Abraham Lincoln ever say; bad
promises are better broken than krpts''---
w. p l..
A. Abraham Lincoln used these words In
his last public address in Washington. d c
on April II. 1865.
Evening star., 1949-06-13

@ How does the numheF of married
women employees in the United States com
pare with the number of unmarried women
workers7-~R T. A.
A. In ieSs married women workers out
numbered single women workers s3 mil
lion 10 SO million
Evening star., 1949-06-13

@ How much money wAS spent by motor.
iSte on vacation last yeagT-~B r. r..
A. II Ia estimated that about 90 900 600 =.
600 was spent BY motorists on vacation trips
which covered ~ 1000 900 900 passenger mllea
last year.
Evening star., 1949-06-13

Q What Ia the other name for = plane
trec7--I X w.
A. In the United States ths plane nes
La generally called sycamore
Evening star., 1949-06-13

morality and public well-being. This
Court found that the logically relevant
proof which Congress had outlawed. 1t
oulawed because inconsistent with ethi
cal standards and destructive to personal
liberty" 302 q. 8. $40. 383. To forbid the
direct use Of methods thus characterized
but to put no curb on their full indirect
use would only invite the very methods
deemed Inconsistent with ethical stand
ards and destructive Of personal liberty.
obstructive of Personal Liberty"
How could the evil sought to be stamped
out be more clearly identified? Uses OF wire
tapping are to be prevented because the TAP
itself Is irtrinsicaIly inconsistent with enti-
esI standards and destructive Of personal
liberty" It is only because Of this approach
that the Court could say tp. SAD: The
knowledge gained by the Gouernnaenf's oipH
cronc cannot be used by 1t simply because II
il used deriyatsvely." Emphasis added
The Court continued Up. SAD:
In practice this generalized statement
NAV conceal concrete complexities. So
phisticated argument may prove casual
connection between Information obtained
through Illicit wire tapping and the Gov
ernment's proof. As matter OF good
sensa however. such connection may have
become no attenuated as TO dtsSipate the
tafnt. sensible way OF dealing with
such a situation-fair to the intendmens
OF section sos. but fair also 70 the pur-
poses of the criminal law-ought 10 be
within the reach of experienced trial
judges The burden h. Of course. On the
accused In the first instance 70 prove TO
the trial courts satixfaction that i0tvs
fappino scas snlaufally employed Once
that is estahlished-as sDas plainly done
hers-the trial fudge must gfye oppoE-
tsnify, however closely confined. 70 ths
soeused % pecve that substantial pr.
Evening star., 1949-06-13

@ How much Land In the world Ia suit
able for the production Of food7~-w. q,
A. II Ia estimated that there are about
1000 900 900 acres Of land In the world
suitable for raising food This Ia roughly
world
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-08-15

good feeding profits last year will
make an active demand for the
small supply.
WHEAT-Prices probably will adj
vance during the fall and early win
ter. Eventually, they are likely to
rise to or above the loan value. Crop
and carryover combined are about
200, 000, 900 bushels less than expect
ed two months ago. If the U. S. de-
partment of agriculture's forecast
that $50, 0O0, 900 bushels will be ex-
ported proves to be near the mark,
carryover at the end of the season
will be no larger than On July l,
last.
The proportion of the total supply
that will be tied up in loans, pur-
chase agreements and government
stocks probably will be larger than
in the past season.
Receipts are dropping off rapidly
and trade reports indicate that SUBJ
stantial amounts are being stored
for loans, even in the northwest
where prices are only slightly below
the loan rate.
SEEDS - Prices for alfalfa seed
have advanced under good demand
for fall planting and lack of carry
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-08-15
Market Outlook
By GUSLER

over. They are substantially higher
than a year ago while red, alsike and
sweet clover and lespedeza seed
prices are lower.
DAIRY PRODUCTS - Prices
probably will advance due to the
usual drop in production in the fall
months. The rise is likely to be less
than usual, however, especially for
butter and cheese. Stocks of manu-
featured dairy products are relative
ly large.
EGGS-The seasonal rise in prices
probably will continue for at least
six to eight weeks. Receipts of fine
eggs will be small and demand will
be relatively good. The small stocks
of shell eggs in storage T being
rapidly used. Currently, the egg
feed ratio is about 10 percent better
than the long-term average, so that
heavy feeding of layers will be quite
profitable.
PoTATOES-Prices may level off
On the lower basis reached in early
August. The main crop appears to
be about in line with normal needs,
although it may be increased con-
siderably by favorable weather dur
ing the rest of the growing season
BEANS - A moderate price de-
cline is probable in the next so days,
due to pressure from the large new
crop and lower 1949 price supports.
The new crop and carryover outside
of loan stocks now held by the gov
eminent will be substantially more
than usual domestic and export
needs, so that prices for most classes
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-08-15
Markets at a Glance

Demand-Downtrend in economic activity
seems to be levelling off temporarily.
CattIe-Increasing movement of grassers
probably will depress prices Of medium and
lower grades.
Hogs@Spring pig movement probably will
cause sharp price decline in next three
months.
Lambs-1949 crop is 6 percent below last
year, IS percent under 1938-47 average.
Wool-Increased demand appears probable
during fall, but more of new clip than usual
is still unSold.
Wheat-Prices probably will rise to or
slightly above loan value later in season.
Corn-Increased sales probably will weaken
prices as new crop harvest approaches.
Oats and barIey-Steady to slightly higher
prices are probable as marketings decline.
Flaxseed-Price discount below loan value
makes storing profitable.
Seeds-Alfalfa prices are higher but clovers
and lespedeza are lower than last year.
output probably WIN
reduce prices in early fall.
Hay-Some buyers are stocking up at current
low prices.
Dairy products-Price rise is probable but
may be less than usual during fall months.
Eggs-Increasing receipts of pullet eggs in
dictate rapidly rising production by late fall.
PouItry-Declining commercial broiler pro-
duction probably will strengthen prices slight
ly in early fall.
level, unless crop exceeds expectations.