davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1949-06-03

padedant zmogui isikurti numa-
tomoj vietoj, kur kulturinei
veiklai pagyvinti butinai reikia
nauju speku, nauju lietuviu.
Turint pakankama skaiciu
tinkamu zmoniu bus daug leng-
viau ivykdyti bet kokius suma-
nymus. Mes per juos prieisime
prie platesnes lietuviu visuome-
nes, per juos darysime itaka j
lietuviu kulturini gyvenima, per
juos galesime stiprinti tautini
solidaruma, per juos ir musu
organizacijos reiksme augs ir
rimtes.
Suorganizavus zmones, jie pa
gal vietines salygas ir galimy-
bes, organizacijos centrui va
dovaujant, gales susidaryti ir
vykdyti veikimo plana.
Bendrais bruozais, toks pla-
mas SUI pataisomis, plaukiancio-
mis- is vietiniu aplinkybiu, gale
tu atrodyti mazdaug taip: or
ganizavimas ivairiu kulturiniu
parengimu, tautines spaudos
platinimas, ivairus kulturos va
jai, vaidinimai, jaunimo orga-
nizavimas, minejimai ir tt.
Gyvenimas kasdien duoda
ivairiausiu progu. Ir jei bus
kiekvienoj kolonijoj sumaniu ir
darbui pasisventusiq zmoniu,
jie visuomet suras budu toms
progoms isnaudoti.
Bet turekime mintyje, kad
visu darbq nervai yra finansai.
Duok NUNS siandien pakan-
kamai pinigu - ir mes padary-
SINE viska, ka noresime.
Tad, salia zmoniu, mes turi-
me suorganizuoti ir medziaginiu
priemoniu, butinai reikalingu
platesniam kulturinio darbo pla-
nui ivykdyti. Kai rankos tuscios,
tai ir pilnos galvos nieko ne
gall padaryti.
Musu srovei visuomet rupejo
ir rupi lietuviskos - tautines
kulturos reikalai. Jais mes ga
lime sudominti kiekviena lietu-
vi, kuris dar nera nuejes bol-
sevikams tarnauti. Kiekvienas
lietuvis buvo ir pasiliks jautrus
lietuvybes minciai. Jis lengvai
supras musu tautines kulturos
darba ir prisides savo leSomis,
jei tik bus tinkamai prie io pri-
eta.
Man tue tarpu vaizduojasi
Sticks musu kulturinio darbo
finansavimo planas: prie kick
vieno musu sroves organizacinio
vieneto lietuviu kolonijose bu-
tinai steigiami lietuviu tautinei
kulturai remit rateliai. Jie api-
ma kick galima daugiau tokiu
zmoniu, kurie vienokiu ar kito-
kiu budu gall butt naudingi
kulturos darbui. Pavyzdziui, dali
nininkai, menininkai, rasto EMO
mes, knygos megejai ir tt.
Tie rateliai veiktu bendro Lie
tuvybes Fondo remuose. Toks
fondas turetu butt sudarytas
|prie centro ir jo vardu butu vyk-
domi finansiniai vajai. Fondas
priklausytu nuo centro vadovy-
bes ir il skirstytu jo isteklius,
atsizvelgdama nusistatyta kul-
turines veiklos plana.
Su Lietuvybes Fondu mes tu-
resime galimybiu iseiti lietu-
viu visuomene platesniais obal-
siais, turesime daugiau galimy-
blu submit platesnes kulturinio
darbo jegas ir jas pilniau panau-
doti bendrajam visu lietuviq
reikalui.
Toliau, per Lietuvybes Fon-
da musu organizacija gales vyk-
dyti SUI didesniu pasisekimu sa-
vo plana kulturos darbui finan-
suoti.
Tas planas, mano manymu,
turetu apimti visas galimybes
sukelti kuo daugiau lesq. Ivai-
riausio pobddzio parengimai,
loterijos, aukos ir visi kiti gall
mi pajamu saltiniai turf butt is
naudOti s,lmaniai ir enerpinpai.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1949-06-03

lingo laisvinimo bylai laimingai
uzbaigti, musu sroves pastan-
gos turi apimti kuo placiau ir
kuo nuodugniau kulturines veik-
los sriti.
Kai mes kalbame apie kultu-
rine yeikla, turime suprasti ta
sriti, kurion sueina Amerikos
lietuviq atskiras tautinis gyve-
nimas ir kuris reiskiasi musu,
kaip lietuviu, noru:
y Islaikyti Amerikoje lietu-
viu ir ju kilmes visuomene,
p Plesti josios itaka bendra-
me Americas kulturos ir poll
tikos gyvenime,
81 Ryskinti, skatinti ir tur-
tinti lietuviu savumus,
~ Plesti lietuviu visuomene-
je tautinio solidarumo dvasia ir
81 Lietuviu tautos istorijos ir
kulturos inasais dalyvauti Ame-
rikos kulturiniame progrese.
Tai dideli uzdaviniai. Jie nera
musu organizacijos monopolis
ir ju sekmingas vykdymas gall
ir turi eiti plataus Americas
lietuviu visuomenes bendradar-
biavimo pagrindu.
Apgalvotas planas, rupestin-
gai paruostos priemones ir ge-
raj suorganizuotos dvasines je-
gos - visa tai gall uztikrinti
platesni Americas lietuviu ben
dradarbiavima ir sudaryti tin
kama nuotaika gyvesniam dar-
bui.
Xxi siol nei viena Americas
lietuviu organizacija neturejo
tautines kulturos veiklai nei
plano, nei tinkamu medziaginiu
priemoniu, nei dvasiniu jegu.
To nerupestingumo vaisiai kas-
dien Wis daugiau aiskeja: musu
tautinis gyvenimas ina sparciai
silpneti, lietuvybes mintis gesti,
kulturine itaka kristi. lr jei
dabartine padetis pasiliktu dar
1920 metu, tai lietuviu tautine
grupe Amerikoje sutirptu sve-
timuju tarpe. Musu tautines gy-
vybes instinktas, musu garbe ir
atsakomybe reikalauja, kad mes
visa savo gala nukreiptume
lietuviu visuomenes Amerikoje
gelbejimo klausima.
Laikas siai misijai yra palan-
kus. Lietuvos nelaimes duoda
daug ir vertingu progu atnau-
:jinti lietuviskumo dvasia Ame-
rikoje. Naujoji imigracija at
mesa Americas lietuviu visuome-
nei tokiu jegu, kokiu il nieka-
dos Xxi siol nera turejusi.
Todel, isnaudodami planingai
visas aplinkybes, galetume, -
kad ir letai, - sugrazinti bent
dali lietuviu kilmes tautieciu i
samoninga lietuviu visuomene
ir galetume prilaikyti tuos, ku-
rie jau yra pavojuje nuo jos
nutolti.
Mano manymu, be planingai
nustatytos ir sumaniai vedamos
kulturines veiklos nepajegsime
atsiekti savo uzdaviniu. Be to-,
noredami sulaukti tinkamesniu
darbo vaisiu, turime labai rea-
liai ivertinti visas priemones,
kurios gall butt panaudotos kul-
turinei veiklai ugdyti ir jai pa
laikyti. Tam reikia zmoniu, o
taip pat ir pinigu -.
Yra visiems aisku, kad su
naujaja lietuviu imigrac J a
Amerikon lietuviu visuomene
gauna naujos dvasines jegos. Jl
tue tarpu dar nera pilnai lsilie-
just j senaja imigrantQ karta'
mes kasdieniniai isikurdlnlmo
klausimai dar jiems neleidzia
visu ju demesiu jungtis ] esa-
ma ir senuju palaikoma kultu-
'rine veikla. O tam tikri psicho-
loginiai skirtumai tarp senosios
imigracijos ir naujosios = da-
bartines laikinai dar sudaro tam
tikra kliuti nuosirdesniam tu
dvieju kartq Observation-Disclosures
mui :.
Dot xy,o x,;1S;,, kad 1aikaS mai
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15
How Does New Allotment
Minimum Affect You?

SINCE ANNOUNCEMENT of the
law setting new minimums for indi-
vidual wheat acreage allotments (Re-
ported in the Sept. issue of Mon
tana Farmer-Stockman, page 39),
county AGA committee offices in
the state have been swamped with
inquiries concerning adjustments.
Here are few of the major ques-
tions that growers have been ask
ing and the best answers to them
that we have been able to obtain.
l. What is the new minimum acre
age provided by the law?
Your wheat acreage allotment can
not be less than 46 percent of the
total of your planted wheat and sum-
merfallowed acreage in either 1948
or 1949, whichever is the larger. Any
summerfallow land included in the
total must have been in wheat the
preceding year.
actually the law says that your
minimum shall be not less than so
percent of your total planted and
fallowed acreage adjusted in the
same ratio as the 10-year, 1939-48,
average seedlings bear to the 1850
national wheat acreage allotment.
This ratio is .92319. Therefore, coun-
ty AGA committees will apply a
factor of .4616 $50 percent times
.92319) to your applicable 1948 or
1949 acreages of wheat and eligible
summerfallow to figure your mini
mum allotment)
2. Suppose the original allotment
I was given was larger than the new
minimum plan figures out for me.
Will be cut TO the new minimum?
No. If your original allotment was
to your advantage it still holds.
8. Suppose I decide TO ignore the
allotment program?
That is your privilege. The pro-
gram is voluntary.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15

costs ON this $50 acres of cropland
average $1142 AN acre.
The lamb feeder program carried
on each year gives a good livestock
balance to this farming operation.
From 5000 to 1000 lambs are fed in
dining room or Colorado style feed
ing lots.
Wet beet pulp is fed at the rate of
to pounds day with up to 3/10
of a pound of nolasses sprayed over
it. The grain ration is from half to
IA pounds of mixed barley, oats and
shelled corn.
All hay is moved and raked with
side delivery rake, chopped and
blown into stack held with snow
fencing. Laird's average gain is Al
pounds on lambs weighing so to 10
pounds at the start.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15

from the main canal and lifts it 16
feet through 500 feet of pipe into
gravity ditch. The pump used is a
centrifugal type, 6-inch, split phase
pump with 10 h.p. electric motor.
1t delivers 21A cubic feet of water per
second.
The second lift takes water from
this ditch up IL feet, through 300 feet
of pipe and delivers it into another
ditch. The same type of pump men
toned in the first installation is used
here. The third pump is 500 feet
farther down this ditch and lifts the
water II feet through another 300
foot length of pipe onto the last
field. The unit used at this final lift
is slightly smaller than the other two
being 5-inch split phase pump with
a 71a h.p. electric motor. Pumping
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15

Russell Laird, Washakie county. WYo-
ming. stands in a new subsurface drain
age ditch built on his farm. Tile will
be laYed in the bottom and the ditch
filled and leveled so the field can be
cropped without interruption. The tile
drain is about feet deep and l.700
feet long.
owned by the farmers themselves on
he added, especially to counteract
the tendency of most farmers to ap-
ply too much water to the land.
Field laterals not exceeding 1000
feet in length where there is plenty
of fall or 500 feet where the land is
flat take care of final distribution of
water to the field. Canvas dams are
used in the laterals to raise the water
level and allow it to flow through
shovel cut-outs into the field rows.
Pieces of paper fertilizer sacks are
used to keep soil from washing away
where the water enters the rows.
Laird also has sets of syphon tubes,
both metal and plastic, that are used
on steep ground or where soil erosion
is problem. Water drop boxes are
used in the grade bitches where the
land is steep and water flows too
fast. Wooden boxes have almost been
discarded in favor of concrete be-
cause of the constant repair work
necessary on them.
Pumping installations
Three pumping installations are in
use to lift the water from the main
canal to higher fields totaling over
$50 acres. The first pump takes water
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15
A. What will be the penalty?


None. You will not be eligible for
the support price program Qoans,
and purchase agreements) for your
wheat, but you will be free to sell
it on the open market as you wish.
No marketing quotas have been
established for 1850.
S. Can plant barley on the acre
age I take out of wheat?
Yes. There are no acreage restric-
tions on barley for 1880
6. Suppose I had land in crested
wheatgrass or some other crop dur
ing my base period but have planted
If TO wheat in the last two years. can
this land now be included in my total
for figuring my allotment?
Yes. If you find it to your advan-
tage to figure your allotment on the
basis of the new minimums as ex-
planned in the answer to question No.
J., it will make no difference what
the land was planted to during your
original base period. 1t is only neces-
sary that the land was in wheat in
either 1948 or 1949, whichever year
you decide to use for figuring your
total acreage. If any part of it was
in summerfallow that year, it must
have been in wheat the year before
or it can't be counted.
7. If I had started to shift 10 bar
ley or other crops in the last two
years is that likely TO reduce my pos
sible wheat acreage allotment for
1850 even under the new minimum?
Yes, it will be likely that your al
1otment will be less. You have one
compensation, however. If acreage
allotments are established on barley
in the next year or so, as seems en-
tire1y probable, you will have estab-
hshed a base for barley acreage.
8. Suppose that in 1948 or l949.
whichever year choose TO use in
establishing my wheat acreage total.
! had winter wheat that killed out
and that I replanted TO barley. Can
I count that as wheat acreage even
though I actually raised barley OF,
the land?
Yes. According to Robert J. Nc
Kenna, chairman of the state pro-
duction and marketing committee
winter wheat land that was re.
planted to barley or some other croI
because the winter wheat killed ou
can be counted in the wheat acreage
total.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15

A gale was rocking the house on
its foundations. The Missus was ter
rified, but her husband was snor-
ing away as if nothing was hap
pening.
wake up" she shouted, shaking
him. ''The house is about to blow
away!"
"Aw, go on back to Sleep" he
grunted. We're only renting il"
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15
Good Irrigation Practices
Mark Wyoming Operation
BY JERRY LESTER

a share-per-acre basis. We have
plenty of water, said Laird but what
we need to know is just how much
is necessary for different crops. r.
rigation experiments are necessary,
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15

knew irrigation farming-at any
wage-was nearly impossible. He
also knew that his interests in local
civic and agricultural organizations
did not allow him enough time to
nurse unskilled help on his 376 acres
of irrigated cropland.
The answer to his problem came
IN developing a profit sharing ar
rangement under which two skilled
irrigators, Elmer Eckhardt and Leo
Hinckle agreed to operate the farm.
The contract provides for $3.50
share-expense deal under which the
irrigators and Laird each provide
one hired man. The two irrigators
work the farm and Laird splits the
profits with them after taking out a
fair land rental fee.
But this profit sharing is just one
of the reasons the Laird place is one
of the best irrigated farms in the Big
Horn basin. Wise management plus
good irrigation practices and full
utilization of the services of all gov
ernment agencies in agriculture
have also left their mark.
500-Acre Farm
The Laird farm extends over 500
acres in all, with 376 acres irrigable.
The farming operation is balanced
with a 5000 to 1000 head lamb
feeder program each year. A four
year crop rotation is used on light
soil and five years on heavy soil.
Row crops including sugar beets,
beans, barley and oats are balanced
with alfalfa.
Beans follow the alfalfa IN his
rotation but are not allowed on the
field more than one year. All of the
fertilizer from the lamb feeder lots
is used on the fields plus plenty of
phosphate for both beets and alfalfa.
A five-year leveling program is
Nnder way on the farm with the as
sistance of the soil conservation dis
frict. Crested Wheatgrass and native
grasses have been seeded for early
pasture on much of the hilly brushed
over waste land. One 34-acre field
of this waste land was reclaimed last
year and seeded in sweet clover for
green manure.
Drainage Program
The drainage program on the Laird
farm has reclaimed much land other
wise not useable. On one field, an
underlying strip of water-impervious
shale was found to be responsible for
a serious drainage problem. The soil
conservation service charted a sub
surface drainage ditch to intercept
the flow of surplus irrigation water
and take it off the field. The ditch i:
1,700 feet long and 6 to 8 feet deep
The work was done with draglin'
at a cost of about 5000.
When the 8-inch tile is laid in tn,
bottom and the ditch is filled an,
leveled, the field can be farme,
without interruption. During period
of surplus irrigation water, the drai
tile will carry off into remote drai
laterals water that would otherwis
seep up to the top soil like an under
ground lake.
Drainage Laws
Farmers in Wyoming have tt
right-of-way by state law to get the
drainage water back to the river ar
may go through their neighbor
fields if necessary.
Irrigation water comes from Il
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-15
Drainage Laws

Farmers in Wyoming have the
right-of-way by state law to get their
drainage water back to the river and
may go through their neighbor's
fields if necessary.
Irrigation water comes from the
Big Horn river through the upper
Hanover canal to the Laird place.
This privately built ditch is now
8-SepteTnber S, l949
The Valley settler., 1949-02-11
FARM MARKETS

slightly lover level of consumer ability
 to buy farm products appears probable in
 the next few nonthsc The national oconorY
 is operating at near top speed, with almost
 full employment. Retail trade is ebbing as
 consW1ors' most urgent needs have been
 filled and prices arc boing slashed in many cases to cloan out tho rotailers' shelves. FEED GRAIN
 Fc cd grain prices are expected to be steady to slightly higher in the next feu nonthso larkot re co ipts of corn arc likely to con- tinuo relatively heavy.
 SEED :'lraots arc quiet. Dealers already Cell stocked nay not buy roro except as needed to fill riders after their present
 stocks have moved into spring trade. HAY prices arc expected to be steady to
 slightly highor in the near futuree T',o late winter and carly spring trend will de- pend partly on hou sevore winter weather" proves to be.
 DAIRY "ricos arc exp octod to he irro gll ar with sone further decline on fluid milk and cream, but steady or slightly highor prices on sore manufactured products. Milk pro- auction has increased iron the low DO int of the season.
 EGG ,'ricos are expected to decl inc to tho support 1evel within tho next tuo or threo months under rapid increase in product ions Tho nwabor of layers arc slightly undor last year, but tho production DOT bird is rum ing we'll ahoad of any previous record. POULTRY .,ricos ui11 probably advance during late uintor and carly spr ing months, but tho advance is expected to less than usual. POTATO .,rices arc bolov support levels in many areas, but probably rill move upward sl tightly duo to tho higher support lovol in lato winter. T,,2 crop estimate vas in- creased to 446 million bushels in the final roturns, or l5 DOT cent over last yoar. Acreage uas t ho srlal lest in nea arly 20 years; but yields averaged higher than over boforo1 Tic surplus Uas approximately 90 million bushels. T,lo government cont tinues to buy freely.
The Valley settler., 1949-02-11
FRCM OTHER CO-OPS

Tho total savings of $llo ,772.o3 for dis tribution to patrons uoro reported by the Clarl, County Dairy oa's Cooperative on it's 18th annual reeting. H.s. DiSoo@, ccaorol manager, reported that tho volure of busi- ness for tho combined departments Of tho co-op amounted to s, ,oo9 ,566.e8 Of this
 totol, $l ,s7o, 1o5 vos in marketing of Chod- dar choose, condensed milk, ice cream ni> and bottled milk. Purchasing through tho supply dep partmcpts amounted to $1 1858, 3O6, 62. Tl,c Cl0r,: County co-op serves ovor 2OOO farms in Cl ark and Coulitz Count oso T,.c elevator at the post 'office buiLd~ ing called out: "Sixth floor, U.s.claano- or > He referred to the Incono Tex Departments
Evening star., 1949-02-03
For On Adequate Celebration

In requesting an appropriation OF
$3,OO0,O00 for the District OF Columola
Sesuuicentennial, officials in charge OF
plans for the celebration were guided by
desire to comply with President TrumanS
own estimate of the occasion. Mr.. Truman
last year expressed the hope that "all
friends of democracy everywhere" will JON
In the observance. He called for a pro-
gram Gin keeping with the high lmpor-
tance of the occasion" The queStlon
confronting the National Capital, Sesqul-
centennial Commission now is hoWto meet
the Presidents specifications and still keep
within the budget allowance of $l,5OO,O GOO.
The commissions request for twice the
sum allowed by the President in his budget
was based on minimum program" de-
signed to give adequate national recognl-
tion to the 1850 anniversary. OF this
amount, s225o,0OO was to be used for
erection of an exposition building for all
the States, for an amphitheater and for
reviewing stand. These structures, OF
temporary nature, would be built on the
Monument Grounds. Part of the money
would be reserved to raze the buildings
and restore the grounds to their original
condition after the celebration-an expen-
sive but important part of the job.
When the national significance OF the
Capitals 15Oth birthday anniversary is
considered, the sum asked by the commits
sion seems moderate indeed. It is worth
noting that Congress appropriated s3,-
275,O0O for the New York Worlds Fair,
$3,O0000O for the Texas Centennial, ST.
796, 900 for the George Rogers Clark Ses-
ouicentennial and 81 100000 for the Golden
Gate Exposition. Surely the sesquicen-
tennial of the founding of the Capital
of the Nation is deserving of as much
Federal support as was extended to those
other observances. It is to be hoped that
when the President is fully apprised OF the
need that exists for more money than his
budget allowed, Congress will receive an
amended sesquicentennial budget request.
There is no time to waste in deciding this
financial question, for the architect has
said that it will take year to prepare
plans and carry them out. That means
that the money must be appropriated by
about April / if the celebration is to start
on April Is, 1850, as directed by Congress.
Evening star., 1949-02-03
Guided Missile Proqress

Push button warfare is still long way
off, according to those who ought to know,
but it is apparent that progress is being
made toward that grimly fantastic goal
For Air Force officials already have caused
two types of rockets to change their courses
in fight, by the manipulation of electronic
controls at ground station. The Germans
had no control over their W. rockets and
buzz bombs once these missiles left their
launching SITES
The new rockets have movable tail fms,
presumably adjustable by means of radio
impulses flashed from control device on
the ground. Thus, it is possible that by
carefully calculating wind and other
Evening star., 1949-02-03
Alexondriu's Good Example

While other communities in the State
continue to Wrestle with the problem of
meeting demands for adequate colored
schools, Alexandria voluntarily has taken
steps to solve its own problem in a quiet
but effective way. The foresighted Alex
andria School Board has accepted bids for
construction of new Negro high school
that is designed to equalize white and
colored high school facilities in the city.
This new building, costing over 100000,
will give the Negroes of Alexandria the
Northern Virginia.
1t is worth noting that the Alexandria
board on its own initiative surveyed the
colored high school situation, found it in
need of improvement and proceeded to
take remedial action. The only colored
high school facilities now available in
Alexandria are those in the Parker Gray
School, which also accommodates elemen-
tary students.
The school will be built with funds from
$2,837 900 bond issue. This progressive
move was undertaken long before court
pressure was brought to bear on school
authorities elsewhere in the State to pro-
vide equal educational opportunities for
Negroes. Fortunately, Alexandria is better
fixed financially to launch such building
program than are some of the counties.
1t is much to the city's credit that it has
not hesitated to use its resources to insure
better school facilities for it's colored
residents