davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

ton. Solomon Saunders was q
salesman in the carpet depart
ment Of the New England FIIrni-
turc and Carpet Co.
Professor Damon was a mus.
clan and salesman for the Dyer
Music Co, store near Sixth St and
Nicollet Ave. He was q musician
Of note and could play any mus.
cal instrument, NJ. o. Cannon was
messenger and collector for the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. for 81 years.
He Il now retired and lives with
his wife and son In Los Angeles,
George w. Boone. born and raised
in Mortified. MINI, at one time
an employee Of GeescmAn and
Murphy, printers and book bind
ers. later ran a press for the Min
neapolis Journal, then went into
business for himself and later be-
came a travelling salesman for
printers supplies
Robert l.. Boone. also born and
and raised in Mortified, runs u
Linotype machine and II foreman
for the Mohn Printing Co. In
Mortified. Christopher c. Boone
was a brakeman on the MilwRu-
kee railroad and was q member
OF the Brotherhood OF Railway
Trainmen. George w. Boone,
Robert l. Boone and Christopher
c. Boone were brothers OF Mrs..
NJ. o. Cannon.
William Parker. an expert
trainer OF horses employed by J.
b. BaAsett, q Minneapolis capital
list, always drove BaSsett's famous
horse. the Mollie ''B" In the races
at the State Fairs which at that
time were held in South Mime
apoliR.
Mrs Nellie Mccullough was
head Of an orchestra for many
years, Prof. Howard was q teach
er Of music and organized q Ne
gro band.
OId CItiReAaI John Alfred Boone,
father Of Mrs. Cannon and his
half brother Joseph Mccullough.
left Wilmington City. North Caro-
lima with their wives before the
Civil War broke out (thsy were
free bOrnl and settled In lie Ssuar
County, later moving 70 North
field.
Eraamus Cannon Cuncis Of M.
o. was an accomplished black
smith and was employed by the
Breads Axe. Edge 4 Tool Co.
Paul Brown living at the east
end Of the Third Ave. bridge, ran
. transfer line with office In his
residence.
Richard (DicI) Burke was con-
sidered tho best caller for square
Continued on page lsD
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

trOlIsd the natural resources and
the government u the Territory.
However. the flood Of irnmIKTa-
ton In the early 1905 brvnRht
IN 40 many Of the Irish RAGS"
that the character Of church
membership was changed and
Catholics were doubly unpopular
Many Irish immigrants were poor
and suffered frCm o lack Of early
educatiOn. Some had alOVsnly
work habita, Othsrs were intern
psrats. These qualities were a.
sumsd 70 BE- charactsrAstic Of the
whole race" and . natural result
az bsinE Members Of the Catholic
Church.
These sane disabilities had Of
ten brouRht Irash and Negro L.
borers into ooanBet IN eitas On
the Atlantic ssaboard. but MIN.
n@aota history took an unexpected
and more pleasant turn. Ths diE
ference must be anerlbed 10 the
fine character Of the leadership
Of both Kroupa In Minnssota
49, 49,, $4,000 O.. . n,,,
T,4., t,,v,.sr.n, s.r.f,v q, r. H.
hovtnv eIas. IN IGIDns.sta T.yr,.
tow h.raU. !. ,s,,Z~, r..nse,sd
uUtvsr..IIv IN sUl,. a ~ arm
.d,~v.nC. IN IN. c.thoalr faith
r., he So q, $500. Ara.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

lsngs hs fought the ways available him. and
place o citiSon Of the then great northwest
lie had hcpamonR legislators aud the press And he had
enemies. among the Legislators and the prcsa
Some Of his battles have ended hut the state and
territory look back upon their 100 Of progress the
Negro looks back too As he remembers the days Of slavery
aud the struggle survive he knows too that II long road
10 freedom,
In an isolated spot in what Ia Boonea County, Mis-.
souri, there strange gathering IN 1863 Black plotted
They protected their hdeout by Union forces
Of the Civil War; for slavery not and slaves were
fearful Of their masters.
Again and again they met in this spot planning their
cape freedom Members Of the Underground railroad had
promised them aid
800 sMU1uLED ABOARD
Al last the chance boat the War Eagle, waa
ourneynR North About 300 Negroes smugged aboard
hiddrn from the sight Of slave drivers,
Thus slowed away this frightened but determined group
began their journey Where would lead them they knew not
Would they be caught 20 be put 20 death and Others
toruredi Would they survive In their country or would
they AtArvei
All these things tortured the minds Of the 300 "pn.
Rrms they called themselves they began this jour
O freedom,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27
800 BMUouLED ABOARD

Vet, all was not gloom and
wAtuhf,Ilneas on this ship, oftnn
at night, religious hymns could be-
heard from thr crude dwelling
where the Negroes were slowed.
Often the younger of the crsw
sang sunEa af work and woe born
out ~ the toll u days IN ths cot
ton fields
On this boat was tho refugee,
Robert r. Hickman. vino was 10
become an outstanding figure In
thu history of The Negro In Min
Rsa0tA
Early oh January !, ias0, In .
l0wiy lettering cabin u his mas
tsFp In Boone County. Missouri, .
husky Rquall aruaa. Negro slaves
from adjoining cabins came run.
ming. Thsy heard IsObsFt llich'
mans first Rpeech 10 the world.
"VALUAmH.E'' MAN
This was by no means ths last
nor the most impressive speech
It0bsFt Hickman was 10 make In
his lifetime. BE was n talk mud
and long. softly and psTsuaaively.
depending upon The occasion.
Given the job u splitslag rails
0n his masters plantation. HEX
man Developed into . Fnwb0aSd.
br0ad-ShOuldsred man Sf pFodI8.
iosis strength. Dc had . spiritual
strength about him also. Many
stories have been Fulatsd o0nosFn.
Ing his strength. his intsiIsot, his
humOF and kindly interest In his
fellow creatures Slave drivers al
around considered him o vnluabis
plscs u human shattsi. and OftAn
offered hugh prices for him.
IGIekmAa. wisils sttii . slave.
became tiasasa1 10 praAah ~ Tn
stisg slaves. ThrSsgh tn I'D
II his master. ~ VS. taught ~
Pead, and this ksSwtsags ~
PAassa 70 HE bsOthsss aaa 80.
tara.
Hickman was married and ths
father u two. iilm wife ana family
had bssn bought ny another plan
tatl0n OwRsT nOFns distances from
Boone County.
Hickman was dslsrInlnsd 20
take his family with him 10 this
Northern stats. Thars were his
wife. hinty, his eldest son, John,
and his daughter, Edith.
4 must steal thsEn." ~ tis6aght.
Il must sneak like Q thief and
rescue my own family"
THEY STEAL AWAY
To Do this. Hickman had tao
things In his favor. IIs was . fam.
liar fiEUrs Co this plantation. -
~ Often visited his wife. also b.
cause Of his strength, no 0ns dared
modest him.
Using Ons man 10 snip into ths
plahtAtlon 10 warn his wits 10 BE-
ready for traysI, Hickman went
casually am1nE ths slaves
speaking 70 thsm - hs always
dld- In . prstSnss On HpsSdlDg ths
night On tins paastAtIoa with his
Wtfs. ~ was allowed 70 remain
thsrs. A. mldnight- he stole sway.
tAlGlng his Wtfs and two childrsn
with him.
This Grosp - assysasss ISSlsa
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27
Mrs. Cannon Tells of
Early Places Held by
Minneapolis Negro Citizens
By Mrs. Mack o. Cannon Of Los Angeles. formerly
Of Minneapolis MINI.

Education; Andrew Hilyer. IA
Their of Gale p. Hllyer (attorneyl
was the first Negro to graduate
from the Univ rsity Of Minnesota
The Misses Wayne and Harriet
Weir. sisters. were teachers in the
Minneapolis Public schools as was
also Mrs. Anna Morris. wife OF
the late william r. Morris. Miss
Quecnie Harper taught hndergar-
ten and Miss Ida Grey. now q
teacher in Cleveland. Ohio taught
school at Forest Lake, MINI. for
many years
Business; Jasper Gibbs, Sr.
owned and operated a roof gar
den cafe atop the Northwestern
Guaranty Loan building. now
known as the Metropolitan build
ing. and the Commercial RestAu-
rant on Third st. in the Beaufort
Hotel; and the Ideal Restaurant
on Fourth St between Nicollet
and Marquette.
Scott Blake owned and operat-
cd a restaurant on First Ave. So.
between Third and Fourth streets.
Mr.. and Mrs George williams.
parents Of Mrs. Mae Kitchen Of
Chicago, operated the Glynden
Hotel on Third St So. between
Second and Third Ave. So.
r. w. Marshall. BOb's father.
and Gillespie operated . cafe on
NicOllet between Washington Ave.
and Second 81. and later moved
into the Temple Court The late
John L. Neal was in the real es-
tate business and encouraged
many Negroes 70 own property.
Charley Wilkins ran an eight
chair barber shop located ON
Warrington Ave. directly across
the street from the old Nicollet
House. His residence was on Mic
oIlet Island. HIS shop was the
largest except one other In al
Minneapolis. Emanuel Hamilton
ran q FIRST class shop on Henne-
pin Ave. near Fourth 81. and en-
ployed ak BARRIERS. Brady and De-
vine operated q first class shop In
the basement At the corner Of
NicolIet and Fourth street and
employed six or eight BARRIERS.
Oscar Ware and Clarence McCul-
Tough also ran o fine shop. There
were many other shops Of lesser
sire In Minneapolis. The Hail
Brothers, T. II LyIes and VIM.
Lggins all owned and operated
first class shops In 81 Paul Hall
Brothers are stin going big.
PositioasI MrA. n. o. Cannon
(nee Mite Boone) was Q clerk IN
the office OF Register Of Deeds In
Hennepdn County and wAs the
first Negro girl 20 hold that posi-
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

Ellen was later Mother BsEaphins
ana for thirty nine years shs waS
the provincial superior Of the
Sisters In the a. Paul provinces.
Mother %. John was for twenty
years ths superior at The Holy
Angels Academy IN Minneapolis
A cousin came 20 America with
the family. She was Eflen How.
ard. who was later Mother caisS.
tina. superior at g. AEntha's
Conservatory In ~. Pad from
1854 until her death In 1915. Ths
family Isft ireland Tor tlas United
States when John was Gisven
lcoutlnUsd on page 49,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27
SELS.eWLTURG Gus

Tho BsIf-CuIturs club was or.
CANNED In 1907. II . civic. cuItur.
al, phlIanthropio and social club,
and had II members at tho time
of liz organisation. II u affiliated
with the Minnesota State AnsoOia.
ton Of CoI0rpd womsn's clubs.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27
Negro History in Minnesota
Shows Progress Despite Race
Prejudice and Hardships
BY MAMIE RUTH BUTLER


Of the in the
o
SOIL mantoaly ubudoned
rel a.
NORTH ormgwa II not padding
and
liberty had
hostility discrimination form aud people deter
q
onl u o
md
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

|rAas,
| Bun
|ttlan
from
| Then
HID
Tree
|ntaP
RRNA
own
i son.
|Ino1.
ARks
|iSw,
| IRAN
| /, Of
ork-
ring
uaat
| ray-
| mu-
IRAN
was
| r on
| Tnan.
ll,itP.a.,
Che
WAS
ling.
| dur
noon
|sisty
cor
| men,
| and
| J0-
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

|M-ma
|iEnA,
null
| our
| RFy.
Mira
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

In 1919, Mr.. z. b. FIfield, . Ne.
gro. was forced by his landlord.
the Western Express company. To
move his office because they did
not like 10 See % many Afro
Americans coming 70 his place Of
business on the second floor Of
the Scandinavian American Bank
Building on Sixth and jackson
g.. g. Pad.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

Rlddle Circle No, -, Lahioa OF
the GAR. believed 10 be the oldest
organization In 81 Paul now In
existence, was organised In July,
1888, by Mrs, Julia E y, labdsll
% Minneapolis.
The purpose Of this organise.
ton was TO give relief 10 tho SICK
and needy and their dependents;
"a teach patriotism and good cius
EsnHhip 10 the Children.
At the time Of the OFEAniEAs
ton. there were 10 members, u 10
affiliated with the IaAdiSa Of the
State and National OAR
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27

~ nalakIman Coz laaAaEuhip.
whlch he F~aAlly gave. A. emo
alsip awrhaEhsd Toe hlnnaaetA,
they dsciaed 30 cry tAaas lsaoAG IN
thIa Rsw terssloEy.
Tho grass was turning brown
along the banks Of thu Missiasip-
pI In tbs Minnesota territory In
IAa9, Winter was on itA way.
nut the psopls were not prepar-
ID for the black newcomers,
Somewhere along the EtvsE .
ErUup Of settlers spotted The Mnaii
group. Nov. what strange things
wsrs coming hsrsi
A closer look. "ftiGEarsi"
More NigEsrs. They're coming
hsrs. preparing 70 settle On our
lands, what VIII ws do with
tbsmH We cant have than est
Ting here. FavlahinR our lands.
stealing our prOpsFty, littsFanG the
place 49,"
WHITES aATTEEm
Hastily. tbs whites gathered foe
Q conference 20 decide what was
IN BE- done with tia black men.
Thsy thought II would BE- best 70
scatter tham. Consequently. some
were ssnt 10 o. Anthony Raiia,
lR0w MinnsapolisD, some 70 Btiil-
water. and some were allowed %
dlaembaEh In a. Paul.
Many stories have arisen 90 %
how this group Of rsfugss slaves
came % be SspaTatsd a. u was.
One tale waA that ths group drift.
ted hsFa On Q erIdsly built rmfL
pnftlnK somstimss by tho wind
and at times hitChlng thesr ran
20 Stsamboats coming North, tissy
reached o. Anthony FaIls. ana
theirs planned 10 dissmbark.
However theFe wnS alaaGrS~
m~ns AsnsaG In l~aAsrA' -
ssms WAna"a 70 e"naa""e 70 .
b"taSs paAn@. nat nmhsaisar
WAITED 10 r"HaAA" wb"Fe th@
wSe~1 was dep THIS grSap'
Haass "f wh"aa we're p@0ussa
Isft Tire S"aa. and so"a bs'iAe no
hapsiss ssnseA
Ths rstnaindsr' OF the hsthodia
faith, continued upstream unen
ths water became shallow Thsfs
thsy got OF ths raft' ana soon o.
EanlS"d The what Later came 70 %
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1949-05-27
Catholic Leaders Identified
With Negroes in State
History from 1850 On

The strong bond Of sympathy which the rsA
between Catholics and Negroes in che history Of the state
ouRrowth Of the dAyS when both connd
cred different by the effective majority In Mnn"eOt4 Al
first Catholics mainly French Indian mixed bOods
That made them New Highlander who
Evening star., 1949-03-23

riv.s N. "a Henry McLemors.
much pleasure as. say, watching a
sparrow 60 about the business Of
being a sparrow. My introduction
to bird watching came years ago,
in London, when man I con-
sidered my friend asked me If I
would like to 60 to st. Johns Wood
and watch and listen to a night
ingale sing.
was in London with the Amer
ican Davis Cup team at the time
as a reporter. not a player-and
passed up a happy and perhaps
profitable evening at the dog races
with George Lott. Sidney Wood,
Frank Shields and Lester Stoefen,
in order to watch this nightingale
at work.
MY companion suggested that I
wear sneakers for the trip to st.
Johns Wood and that I arm my
self with a box Of throat lozenges.
"Nightingales detest the sound
Of leather heels and a raucous
cough" he explained.
When we were about two blocks
from the tree where the night
ingale was reported to be knock
ing of his nightly arias, we started
crawling on our hands and knees.
And we weren't alone. Halt OF
London was there on all fours. IL
seemed. and well ahead Of US. l
never got within slingshot dis
tance Of the nightingale. He could
have been as big as bald eagle,
and possessed Of a voice like q fre
siren, and I wouldn't have been
able to see or hear him.
All I saw that night was q fat
Britisher, who was In front OF me,
watching a Britisher who was IN
front Of him. watching another
Britisher who blocked his path.
watching q Britisher who was IN
his way, watching Il hope) a Brit
isher who was close enough to see
and hear the bird.
That night cured me OF bird
Evening star., 1949-03-23

fact that the Thomas L. Stokes.
split-off Of Southern conservatives
to join Republicans can wreck a
majority in both House and Sem
ate when Democrats are in power,
which has been happening SO long
now that it Is we'll known to the
Nation.
OF current interest is the Sem
ate. An analysis here recently Of
the So members who signed the
petition that caused a capitula-
ton by the administration leader
ship in the antifilibuster fight
revealed that they came largely
from the South and west Of the
Mississippi River. There was neg
ligible support from the big popu-
lous States in the North. East and
Middle West. which were largely
influential. for instance, In put
ting platform pledges on civil
rights in the national conventions
of the two major parties. where
representation Is on the basis Of
population in contrast to the
Senate where every State, large or
small, has two votes.
Douglas Analyses Situation.
For a more detailed analysis Of
how a majority Of the people have
only a minority influence in the
Senate we are indebted to Senator
Douglas, Democrat, Of Illinois.
who showed how the original COM
promise in the Constitutional
Convention giving equality in the
Senate to the small States works
today very much against those
who live in big States.
He explained, first, how the rs
smaller States. with population
in 1910 of 25,000,000, 10 per cent
of the total, have so seats in the
Senate, a majority, while the other
% States, with 81 per cent Of the
population, or 06,500,000 in 1910,
have only 46 seats.
"One- fifth of the population" he
said. already controls the Senate,
even on those matters which are
decided by simple majority OF
the Senate, while the remaining
four-fifths of the population are
represented by minority, even in
Evening star., 1949-03-23
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. c.
WEDNESDAY. MARCH

watching, but it kindled in my
breast a fever for another sport
that Of watching bird watchers
watch birds.
Birds. themselves. mean moth
ing to me now. I couldn't distin-
guish q e-breasted antipasto
from a -ringed circus, any
more than I could tell with either
the naked or the full-dressed eye
whether the bird perched on yon-
der limb was a dodo or the rare
blue-billed table d'hote. And as
for their songs, habits, habitats
and migrations, I am even more
ignorant.
But when it comes to bird
watchers, I am probably the
greatest living authority. I have
worn out three pair of binoculai
Chats plural for binocular)
watching them. Few are the bird
watchers in this country whose
age, weight, height, glove size,
home address, telephone number.
Dun and Bradstreet rating, and
Evening star., 1949-03-23
Atlantic Pact Aids I rutnar
Popularity of Agreement Expected
To Strenethen Presidents Position

But unless everything now being
done is wrong, the history books
will be kind to him in that field.
And his foreign policy, plus his
genuine devotion to peace, though
he has often expressed it ineptly,
no doubt helped him win his
amazing victory last fall.
Recent careful explorations Of
the election returns show that Mr..
Truman was able to do what Mr..
Roosevelt never could, which Is
win the votes of the German and
Scandinavian farmers Of the
Midwest. Both Presidents had an
alluring farm policy but Mr..
Roosevelt had alienated them by
his foreign policy. Mr.. Truman
doesn't.
The White House, however. is
not taking any chances on the
pact or other aspects Of the Tru-
man program. The President
really has been bitten by criticism
of his absence from Washington
during the civil rights filibuster;
he Is not going to give any one
new opportunities to blame him
for congressional failures. He Is
described as especially sensitive to
his responsibilities for the pact. as
in international affairs his party
has not been divided.
Blamed for Foreign Policy.
The President can never be
blamed for Southern recalcitrance
on civil rights nor the conservative
pull against his program by elder
Southerners. These are old stories.
But q split in foreign policy would
be new and could be laid at his
door.
His determination to stand by
is said to be the, sole reason for
his declination Of two New Eng
land engagements. Because one
Of these would have put him in
Evening star., 1949-03-23
This Changing World
Soviet Publicity of Atlantic Pact at Home
Seen Indicating Plans for Future Action

weeks, shows the Politburo's de-
cision to punish Tito, regardless
Of cost.
American and Western European
observers Of Soviet affairs say that
since the Western nations have
decided to tolerate the Kremlin's
boa constructor tactics, it has be-
come vitality important for the
Kremlin to punish those who,
after accepting the role as Soviet
puppets. show signs Of nationalism
and independence.
According to reports from Yugo-
slavia and its neighbors, large
scale preparations now are being
made to upset Tito by violence.
Nobody expects direct military ac-
ton by the Red armies in Bull
garia. Romania and Hungary. But
the international brigades, first
organized to help the Greek rebels,
now are being strengthened by
Soviet MVD troops. according to
reliable reports. This expansion
OF the brigades is going on in the
Macedonian area, where aggres-
sion is being organized under the
guise of a democratic peoples"
revolt against the man who be-
trayed the Cominform.
3 Assassination Attempts Fail.
Since three attempts to assas-
sinate the Yugoslav dictator in
the last few months have failed,
Moscow Is said to have decided
to attack Yugoslavia indirectly
from Bulgaria and Albania with
well-trained guerilla forces which
will proclaim themselves repre-
sentatives Of the neo-democracy.
A direct attack is not envisaged,
since this would entitle Tito to
appeal to the United Nations and
thus create an unpleasant at
mosphere for the U. s. s. r.
Organized violence by the people
who have been forced to flee Yugo-
slavia is a matter which cannot
easily be brought before that or
ganization. Hence. say Western
analysts. we must expect soon
dramatic developments which may
lead to the purging Of Marshal
Tito
While there Is little feeling in
favor of the Yugoslav dictator.
whom we helped-more than the
Russians did-to take over the
country and who eventually turned
against us. developments in Yugo-
slavia are being watched care
fully. since unquestionably they
will affect the whole Balkan area.
and possibly the entire Mediter-
ranean basin.
Evening star., 1949-03-23

United States, Canada and six
Western European nations. Some
Senators believe they can already
call the roll Of the dissenters,
they are 50 sure that only the
hard core of Midwest isolationists
will say no.
Success with the Atlantic Pact
should go far to rebuild the Presi-
dents prestige. 1t is curious
fact that q tendency exists to
view the Truman fortunes solely
in the light Of what he fails to
accomplish on the domestic front.
Yet he can claim to have reset
American foreign policy along
lines now widely approved. begin
ming with Greek Turkish aid and
continuing with the Marshall
Plan. And his Secretaries Of State
have gone virtually uncriticized.
Needed Bi-Partisan Support.
Perhaps this Is in part true
because he has had to depend
on bipartisan support up to now.
Evening star., 1949-03-23
ommunity Chest gifts I don't

Community Chest gifts don't
know.
The first bird watcher I ever
watched happened to be q distin-
guished one. His name Is John
Kieran. A bunch Of us were in
Arizona together. and John de-
cided to watch birds instead Of
playing golf. I decided to watch
John watch birds instead of join
ing the fourSome. It was a mem
orable experience. You may have
heard Mr.. Kieran on the radio, or
read his Information Please Al
manac." but until you have seen
him stalk bird, with pauses to
study the rocks, trees, caterpillars.
and little known quotations that
he passed. you have not enjoyed
Mr.. Kieran at his best.
Living as I do on the beach, it 10
sometimes difficult to keep my
binoculai plural for Baume- Ben
gay) always fastened on bird
watchers watching birds.
But do my level best. I swear
I do.
distributed by McNaught Syndicate, Inc.)