davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Text of Stain Interview

plement this pact Of peace and
leading to gradual disarmament.
Third question. If the govern.
ments of the United States OF
America, the United Kingdom and
France agreed to postpone the
establishment Of a separate Western
German state, pending a meeting
Of the Council OF Foreign Min
listers TO consider the German prob
lens as . whole, would the govern
ment Of the U. 8. 6. r. be prepared
to remove the restrictions which
the Soviet authorities have i'm
posed on communications between
Berlin and the western zones Of
Germany?
Answer. Provided the United
States Of America. Great Britain
and France observe the conditions
set forth in the third question, the
Soviet government sees no obstacle
to lifting transport restrictions, on
the understanding, however, that
transport and trade restrictions in
troduced by the three powers be
lifted simultaneously.
Fourth question. Would your tx
cellency be prepared to confer with
President Truman at a mutually
suitable place to discuss the posi-
bility Of concluding such a pact of
peace?
Answer. have already stated
before that there is no objection to
a meeting.
Evening star., 1949-01-31
BY the Associated Press

MOSCOW, Jan. 3l.-FoHo,uinp
Is the official tert OF the question: \
dnd-answer interriep ,oith Prime
Minister Stain: =
The following are the answers
given by ]. v. Stain to questions
put by Mr.. Kingsbtry Smith, Euro
pean general manager, Interna-
tional News Service of America, re-
ceived on January ~, 1949:
First question. Would the gov
ernment Of the U. s. s. r. be pre-
pared to consider the issuance of a
joint declaration with the Govern
ment of the United States of Amer
lea asserting that the respective
governments have no intention of
resorting to war against one an
other?
Answer. The Soviet government
would be prepared to consider the
issuance of such a declaration.
Second question. Would the
government of the U. S. S. r. be
prepared to join with the Govern
ment Of the United States of
America in carrying out of measures
designed to implement this pact of
peace and leading to gradual dis
armament?
Answer. Naturally, the govern
ment of the U. S. s. r. could CO.
operate with the Government OF
the United States of America in
taking measures designed to i'm
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Sound Trucks
Continued From First Page

public interest, amplified to a loud
and raucous volume, from the public
ways OF municipalities
Justice Black wrote a dissent in
which Justice Douglas and Rutledge
concurred. Justice Murphy noted q
dissent. Justice Rutledge also wrote
a separate dissent in which he
agreed with Justice Blacks dissent.
Justices Frankfurter and Jackson
wrote separate opinions concurrins
with the majority.
On another decision the Supreme
Court upheld the validity of q New
York traffic regulation which bars
advertising vehicles from the streets.
Justice Douglas delivered the
unanimous decision. Justice Jack
son wrote q concurring opinion.
The regulation was attacked by
Railway Express Agency, Inc, which
operates about 1900 trucks in New
York City. Space on the sides of
the trucks is leased for display of
advertising posters.
The express company appealed to
the high tribunal for a decision by
the Court Of Appeals Of New York
State, which upheld the regulation.
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Axis Sally
Continued From First Page.

take to prosecute Miss Gillars be-
cause she had done nothing wrong.
He said he told Miss Gillars while
they were being held in the same
detention camp in Germany that
1T was a shame the way she was
being treated"
When he departed for the United
States, Houben said. he told Miss
Gillars that he would send her some
clothing but she advised him to use
his money for his own family.
Has Worked as LabOrer.
You make your living by testify
ing against people, don't you, Mr.
Houben?" Mr.. Laughlin asked.
What do you mean by that?" the
witness shot back angrily.
Under prodding by Mr.. Laughlin
Houben said he has received between
$500 and 5000 In fees from the Gov.
ernment for testifying at the treason
trials of Douglas Chandler ane
Robert Best In Boston and for ap.
/ pearing as a witness In the presen
case In addition, he said, he ha
earned about s2,400' by working as /:
laborer in Philadelphia since he ha
been in the country.
In attempting to prove the Treason
charges against Miss Gillars, Chile
Prosecutor John NJ Kelley, jr., ha
been playing recorded radio pro
grams in which Axis Sally was th'
narrator. Five of the "a record
introduced as evidence were playet
last week for Judge Edward M
Curran and the jury of seven mer
and FIVE women.
i Mr.. Kelley said Ulrich Haupt
young German actor who played tn,
; part of the "son" In the broadcast
will take the stand to testify agains
her. Another German actor, Helm.
rich Schnell, also is slated to testify
Mr.. Kelley said,
Evening star., 1949-01-31

in both physical and biological
sciences in the Commissions own
laboratories and at various univer-
stiles working under Acc contracts.
A major accomplishment has been
development of a new instrument
for detecting all sorts of radiation.
IA field of unclassified areas of re-
search has been mapped out where
all scientists may work freely.
Ideally there would be no secrecy
about atomic research. Production
of the atomic bomb, however, was
carried out with a degree of secrecy
hitherto unknown in the world. A
distinguished scientist could not be
told what another distinguished
scientist working in the same room
was doing.
Much Secrecy Unnecessary.
Once the first bomb was exploded
much of this secrecy was unneces-
sary. but nobody wanted the respon-
sibility of passing on what could be
revealed. This has been an old man
of the mountain around the neck of
atomic research ever since, and has
enormously slowed progress.
Henceforth, Chairman Lilienthal
reveals, there will be much greater
frankness with the public. A group
of distinguished scientists has been
surveying the whole field and pass
ing one by one on research reports.
1t has been necessary to balance
delicately the possible value of bit
of information to the enemy and
the detrimental effects of with
holding 1t from the American pub
lie. A great deal of rubbish has
been uncovered. Some facts guard
ed as deep, dark secrets actually
could be found in elementary
physics textbooks.
AS a result of this survey within
the next few months, series of
six reports will be issued.
Peace Use to Be Told.
The public will be told just where
research stands on industrial util-
ization of atom power, on atomic
powered airplane motors, on dangers
from radioactive wastes, on the real
effects of atomic bombs, and on the
basic principles of atomic energy.
At the same time, Mr.. Lilienthal
says, it will be necessary for a long
time to come to restrict information
on such things as military develop
ments and only an expert is compe-
tent to judge if some apparently
innocent, unrelated fact might not
the vital clue sought by q
potential enemy.
Evening star., 1949-01-31
New Israel Assembly
May Set Up Regular
Regime in 7 Weeks
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

TEL AVN. Jan. 31.-An assembly
dominated numerically by two rival
labor parties will form Israel's first
regular government, probably within
the next two weeks.
Presumably the assembly, chosen
in the last weeks election, will name
as the new states first President
DR.. Chain Weizmann, who has beer
President of the Provisional Coun-
Gil of State.
1t is expected to return David
-Gurion to the post of Premier
Defense Minister, the post he held
in the provisional government.
Pessimism dominated talks at
Rhodes where DR.. Ralph Bunche,
acting United Nations Palestine
mediator, continued jewish
Egyptian armistice negotiations.
DR.. Bunche is expected to meet
separately tomorrow with both
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Schacht Is Absent
As New Trial Opens
By the Assoeiotsd Press

LUDWlGSBURG, Germany, Jan
3l.-Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, once Hit.
ler's finance expert, failed to show
up in court today for his latest
trial on a charge of being a major
Nazi offender.
He previously had indicated from
his home in the British zone that
he would not heed the summons
from the German court in this
American zone city.
Presiding Justice Rudolf EIGHT
after waiting one hour and 40 min
utes, set February IA as a new trial
date and said If Schacht did not
appear then he would be tried ir
a5sentia.
Schacht, minister of economics
and president Of the Reichbank
under Hitler, was tried as wal
criminal in the original Nuernbere
trial with Hermann Goering anc
other top leaders, Schacht was
acquitted.
Then the Germans tried him in
denazification court and sentenced
him to eight years schacht ap-
pealed this verdict and was acquit-
ted again.
The minister of denazification
overruled the appeals court and
ordered the trial scheduled for to-
day.
,Schacht has f1ercely maintained
he was anti-Nazi.
The American denazificatior
branch of the military government
is not involved in the present pro-
ceedings.
Farmers in England are demand
Ing that jackdaws bs classsd as
Evening star., 1949-01-31
White House Repeats
Truman S Willingness
TO Meet Stain Here
Continued From First Page.)

deputy foreign minister. had sale
recently there Is no Russian peace
offensive" Mr.. ,Malik told, q re.
porter Russia always had. wantec
peace and cooperation with othel
countries. He said there had beer
no change in that policy.
The Stain pronouncement came
as informed sources said Mr.. Malik
was shaping up new attack on the
American defense program"
These quarters said Mr.. Malik
soon would voice a new call for 9
one-third cut in the armed forces
Of the Ave big powers and a bar
on atomic bombs. Russia lost thi.
battle In Paris in the u. N. AS.
sembly. The Security Council Is
expected to take up the issue this
week and to pass on to the CON-
mission for conventional armaments
and assembly order to keep working
Follows Attack on Pact.
The Stain statements followed by
two days a Soviet 34-page white
paper asserting the projected North
Atlantic pact is intended to set up
American-British world domination
by force.
In another move linked with the
Soviet attack on the Atlantic pact
the Soviet asked Norway Saturday
whether 1t proposed to join the ALI
ance and whether it planned to
grant military bases on Norwegian
soil to the western powers.
A British Foreign Once spokes-
man in London said of the Stain
interview replies:
ANY mans guess is as good as
another's and all we can do is spec
ulate. Stalins answers are obscure
as to details and their implications
require study
The unofhcial consensus was that
the timing of the replies in regard
to other recent statements by Rus
sian and other European Communist
leaders is significant.
Distracting Move Hinted.
The Stain statements would seem
to cap what has been termed a
peace offensive" Communist stall
warts in Russia, France, Italy and
Germany have been asserting Russia
wants peace and that Russia and the
West can get along together.
But these statements have been
accompanied by violent attacks On
the western nations, especially the
United States, as planners of aggres-
sion.
One British source said 1T may
be that these replies are designed to
tempt the Truman administration
into making one more bid for di-
rect approach to Moscow, thus
ignoring Britain and France.
"Or it may be that the chief pur-
pose Is to distract attention from
the North Atlantic Pact which
seems to be shaping up so we'll"
London newspapers expressed SIM
liar thoughts editorially.
Associated Press dispatches re-
ported most sections of the press
of Western Europe thought the
statement transparent attempt to
blunt enthusiasm for the fast-shap-
ing common front against Russian
pressure.
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Atomic
Continued From First Page.

Of the fashionable elements have been
developed and the average price per
pound considerably reduced.
80 Plants in Is States.
At the close Of the year 30 atomic
fuel plants were distributed In IS
States.
"The amount of uranium 235 and
plutonium available" says a digest
of the report. lis a significant
measure of the national wealth. tt
determines how many atomic weap-
ons the American people can build
for national defense and the num-
ber and power OF atomic machines
that can be operated for the appli-
cation of the new energy to all
parts of our national life"
Production OF these fashionable
materials. says the report. has be-
come one Of the largest integrated
industrial operations in the world
Regardless of new policy oi
greater frankness with the public
the report points out, security re.
mains q major consideration anc
new criteria have been adopted fol-
clearance of employees. 1t has beer
necessary during the past two years
to pass on more than 100000
persons.
100000 Classified Documents.
There remains l,27o plants, tes'
areas and other installations where
restricted information must be pro.
tected and there are about 100000
classified documents. The security
program has included construction
of miles of chain-link fencing
topped with barbed wire; installa.
ton of automatic alarms set off by
minute difference in light and tenn.
perature; and Identification systems
for individuals which cannot be
tampered with. The Commission Ii
even using its own police air force
to prevent photographing of install.
lations from the air.
Notable adysnces have been mad.
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Medina Again Refuses :
To Disqua|ify Himself
BY the Asseeieted Press

NEW YORK, Jan. 3l.-Federal
Judge Harold r. Medina today again
denied a motion that he disqualify
himself from hearing a challenge
to the jurisdiction system here by
counsel for II top American Com
munists on trial for conspiracy to
foverthrow the Government.
At the same time, Judge Medina
denied motion that all other judges
In the Southern Federal District of
New York be disqualified from hear
ing the motion. Defense counsel
contend that the method of picking
jurors here is discriminatory.
Judge Medinas action was the
NTH time since the trial opened
January II that he has refused to
disqualify himself or the other
Jurists from hearing the challenge.
His latest denial came after de-
tense counsel opened today's trial
session by placing in evidence maps
purportlng to subStantiate their
claim of discrimination in the jury-
picking system.
The maps were designed to show
that members of Federal jury panels
were drawn from the 18th Congress
sional district-commonly known as
the Silk Stocking District"-out of
proportion to less wealthy sections.
The maps were placed in evidence
during testimony by Prof. Doxey
Wnkerson, Negro director of faculty
and curriculum at the jefferson
school for Social Studies, which
specializeS in Marxist themes. The
school is named on Attorney General
Clark's subversive list.
Prof. Wilkerson formerly was the
Communist Party's educational di-
rector for Maryland and the District
OF Columbia and formerly was on
the faculty of Howard University
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Scandinavian Talks
On Proposed Atlantic
Pact End in Failure
by the Assoeiofsd Press

OSLO, Norway, Jan. 31.-Nor.
way, Sweden and Denmark hav,
been unable to agree on a join
attitude toward the proposed
Atlantic security pact.
Months OF negotiations between
the three Scandinavian nation
ended in failure yesterday.
Sweden insisted on preserving hel
principle of neutrality, Norway
favored joining the broad western
defense system and Denmark was
said not to have made a definite
choice.
Norway was reported to have
stuck to her pro-western stand de-
spite Russian pressure.
Russia asked Norway Saturday
whether she intended to join the
North Atlantic Alliance and whether
she intended to grant military bases
in Norway to the Western Powers.
Reds Attacked Pact.
The questions came shortly after
the Soviet government asserted the
North Atlantic pact is intended to
establish American British domina-
ton Of the world by force.
The pact, as now described. woulc
take In the United States, Canada
Britain, France, Belgium, Holland
and Luxembourg.
The Soviet note to Norway point
edly called attention to the fact that
Norway and Russia have a common
frontier and said the "initiators" OF
the Atlantic pact were seeking bases
in states close to the frontiers Of
the Soviet Union"
Oficials in Stockholm and Copen.
hagen said Russia had not ap.
preached Sweden and Denmark with
questions such as those asked o1
Norway.
Inner Strength Missing.
Norwegian Premier Elmer Gerhard
sen presided over the three-natior
talks. In a statement issued for all
three governments he said:
I'VE felt that we have no right
to give the impression, through soft
foundations. that unity exists when
it does not. We cannot create a de-
fense alliance until it has the inner
strength that is needed If it shall be
able to solve its task. But no shadow
will be cast over Scandinavian CO.
operation.
I'VE will always lead foreign and
defense policy that makes it it's first
aim to secure the independence OF
each nation. We will never take part
in q policy that has aggressive aims. -
Evening star., 1949-01-31
New Fighting Starts
As Peace Is Discussed
In Burma Civil War
By the Assoejo,sd Press

RANGOON, Burma. Jan, 81
Fighting IN Burma's bitter civil war
broke out 8 miles north of Rangoon
today as government officials talked
peace terms in. the capital city with
leaders of the rebelling Karen tribes.
men.
A government spokesman an.
nounced the new outburst of vio-
lence between the Karens and
Burma Union troops. He said the
Karens refused government de-
mand to surrender their arms and
offered resistance. The number Of
soldiers involved was not made
known.
The peace talks began yesterday
with Saw Ba U Cyl, president Of
the Kareni National Union, meet
ing with Premier Thakin MI and
Burma military leaders.
Armistice Discussed.
Of1cial sources said a cease-fire
agreement covering the Karens and
other rebel groups was discussed.
A spokesman said Ba U Cyl and
other Karens might be offered cab
met posts.
Karen terms, a government source
said, include recognition of sepa.
rate Karen state, to be known as
Karenistan, within the Burma un-
ion, and formation of a coalition
government.
The Karens also ask, he said, for
amnesty for all Karens and other
rebel groups, including Communists,
and recognition Of the Karen ma
tional defense organization-now
fighting government forces-as an
Official unit of Burma's armed
forces, but assigned to Karenistan.
The Burma cabinet would have to
rule on any agreement, the in
formant said.
Fighting Continues.
Meanwhile, fighting continued at
Bassein, Irrawaddy Delta port about
100 miles west of Rangoon. and
there were unconfirmed reports that
government troops had recaptured
the railroad town OF Toungoo, mid
way on the Rangoon- to- -Mandalay
line.
The government announced yes
terday the rebels had been driven
from Bassein, in the heart of Bur-
mas rice bowl. but independent re-
ports today said Karens were still
holding out in high school, built
by an American Baptist mission.
Fires were raging and more than
5000 were reported homeless.
Government troops several days
ago launched an all-out assault on
Toungoo. Karen control Of that
city had isolated Rangoon. the cap
ital, from Northern Burma.
Fighting continued in other scat
tered areas.
Two American missionaries were
reported still in Bassein after three
others and a number Of British
subjects were flown out yesterday.
They were Erville E. Sowards Of
Granville, Ohio, and Mrs. Charles
Conrad. Mrs. Conrads home city
in the United States was not avail
able.
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Hoover
..
Continued From First Page.)

lative functions, should be placed
with functions of the same major
purpose in the executive depart
ments il We are to plane out over
laps and have businesslike admin
istration."
Mr.. Hoover said the first step in
reorganization is an endeavor uC
solve two problems:
l. To place, "and at times con-
solidate," the 1900 agencies into
groups of major purpose.
2. To relieve the President o1
administrative detail and free him
for more important duties of his
office.
The scattering of agencies of re.
lated purpose over the Government
Mr.. =. Hoover said, not only creates
conflicts Of jurisdiction, competition
and waste, but worst of all prevents
development of unified policies.
They should be placed cheek by
jowel with each other under some
single head who can reduce them to
order he said.
Just as instances, there are more
than 80 agencies engaged in lend
ing money, making guarantees OF
insurance activities. There are q
agencies engaged in major con-
struction activities competing with
each other for labor and materials
and scattered over II departments
or agencies There are 10 agencies
dealing with major transportation
questions mot including regulatory
functions) scattered through eight
departments and Independent
agencies"
Recalls Earlier Proposals.
Mr.. Hoover recalled that when he
was President he recommended the
idea Of presidential initiative In
proposing reorganization with q
congressional veto. However, Con-
gress rejected the veto idea, he
said, and required affirmative action
as, In the case of any other general
recommendation to Congress.
The former President said he pro-
posed to combine into nine agencies
50 of the then-existing $50. but
that Congress took no action.
In reply to questions by committee
members, Mr.. Hoover strongly sup
ported the idea there should be no
agencies except from the applica-
ton OF the measure.
Urged to Except Engineers.
The committee has been urged to
except the Army Corps of Engineers.
Replying TO questions, Mr.. Hoover
said that a Hoover Commission
task force" has recommended
transfer OF the civilian functions of
the engineers to a civilian agency,
but that the commission itself has
come to no conclusion.
There has been fear expressed
that under the measure the Presi-
dent might propose transfer of the
Marines to the Army and the naval
air arm to the Air Force. Mr..
Hoover was asked about this and
replied:
Il assume that If the President
should make such violent changes
as that you gentlemen would take
note of it,
In a discussion of the regulatory
agencies he expressed the belief that
the Maritime Commission, set up as
such an agency, was totally unfit fol
the large business transactions il
has been directed to engage in.
The hearings will end after Chair.
man Vinson Of the House Armed
Services Committee testifies at ar
afternoon session Chairman Dawson
said he hopes the committee will
have the measure ready for Hous,
consideration next week.
Evening star., 1949-01-31

groups and present proposals on
boundary disputes. Both sides
are expected to reject the pro-
posals.
observers said both Egyptians
and Jews believe further talks
will not bring them any closer.
but neither they nor DR.. Bunche
want to take the initiative in
breaking off the talksD
Mapai Party Is Largest.
Mr.. Ben-Gurion's closely knit
Mapai Party, left-wing labo,
group. won 1892 votes, or slightly
under 36 per cent of the total OF
427,027 votes cast, according to the
oficial preliminary tabulation
Mapai will hold A of the 12o seat.
in the Assembly-the largest single
bloc.
Mapam, the other labor faction
finished second to Mapai, winnin,
Just under is per cent of the popula
vote. This gave it 10 seats in tn,
Assembly.
Coalition Is Discussed.
Third in the election was a reli
gious bloc composed of four sepa
rate parties which want the Jewisl
orthodox tradition instilled in tn,
new government This group ha,
IL per cent of the vote and tool
IS Assembly seats.
The General zionists, to which DR.
Weizmann belongs, were down tn,
list with seven delegates. The AS,
sembly will draft a constitution ane
form a regular government. Tt viii
organize the second week in Feb.
ruary.
The Mapai Party has talked t<
rival Mapam leaders about a DOS.
sible coalition, which would provide
slim majority control. So fal
Mapam has not agreed and mos
observers doubt it will.
Evening star., 1949-01-31
Dr.. Harris May Return
As Senate Chaplain
BY The Asseeiatsd Press

Influential Democrats believe that
the Rev. Frederick Brown Harris.
pastor of the Foundry Methodist
Church here, probably will be
named Senate chaplain this week.
DR.. Harris was Senate chaplain
from 1912 until the Republicans took
over control of the Senate. They
named the Rev. DR.. Peter Marshall,
who died of a heart ailment last
week. The chaplain is paid $2,520
a year.