davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arkansas State press., 1949-06-24
Georgia Lynching Evidences
Need For Federal Action

New York-"The release of fwo
suspects in the brutal lynching Of
Caleb Hill by a grand jury in IT.
Winton Georgia, is but further evil
dence of the necessity of federal
action TO protect the rights of eiti-
zens and curb lynching and other
outrages. Roy Wilkins, acting sec
rotary Of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People, said in a telegram today to
Attorney General Tom Clark.
Citing the remarks attributed to
the local solicitor that most Geor-
gia sheriffs would have shot the
Negro instead of taking him to
Jail" the NAACP official charged
tina. mot only the lynching, but
the climate of opinion in which it
took place are intolerable in our
democracy
The Attorney General was told
that "all the present powers OF
the federal government as well as
any new powers deemed to be
necessary should be marshaled IN
the defense not alone Of our cltl-
Gems, but of the great principles
and traditions of our nation.
The text of Mr.. wilkins wire to
Mr.. Clark follows:
The release OF two suspects
in the brutal lynching of Caleb
Hill by grand jury in Irwin
ton, Georgia, June Ia, Is but
further evidence of the necess-
ity of federal action to protect
the rights CT citizens and curb
lynching and other outrages
The atmosphere in which these
suspects were examined is illu-
strated clearly by the remarks OF
solicitor C.. s. Baldwin "mCst Ga.
sheriffs would have shot the
Negro instead of taking him to
Jail" In other words, the arrest
of an American citizen and the
employment of due progress OF
law is an abnormal condition
in this section Of our country
and, as coroIlary, any action
against those who violated the
citizens right is unthinkable.
We submit that not only the
lynchiug, but the climate Of
opinion i'm which it took place
are intolerable in our dem0c-
racy and that all the present
power of the Federal Govern
ment as well as any new power
deemed to be necessary should
be marshaled i'm the defense not
alone of cur citizens, but of the
preat principles and traditions
Of our nation.
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Loose piexigIass Canopy
Kills Sfrafojef Test Pilot
sy she A.se<;o,sd p,.,s

SEATTLE, May ia loosened
plexiglass canopy In q 600-mile-
an-hour Boeing xB-47 stratojet
bomber killed the pilot on q test
fight near Moses Lake. Wash. Air
Force base late yesterday.
Boeing officials identified the
dead pilot as Edward Scott osler.
80, Of Bellevue. Wash.
They said his ico-pilot, James A.
Fraser of Seattle. brought the
plane in for landing.
The canopy is above the pilots
head. Somehow 1t became loos-
ened and injured Mr.. Osler fatally
while he was checking the auto
matte pilot in making q descent.
The plane is one Of two built
for the Air Forces. and turned
back to the company under con-
tract for continued flight test
work. One of the planes holds the
all-type West-East transcontinen-
tai speed record of 3 hours 46
minutes from Moses Lake to An
drews Air Force Base, Md. set last
February 8.
Evening star., 1949-05-12

tectise arrangements fog Nss4eEn
Europe have BEEN created
osaelals ieaVang fox raTsa toaAy
for preliminary tAIka SftA tne
British and Preach Easla4s Rcsaag
Ambassador Philip lessup. sao
wtil be Secretary q STATE Ache
son second Ia command si the
BIS fe2sr HaessIns and CfAsles
Z, Bohlen. counselor ci ttss State
Department and ore ei Mr, Ache
sog 5 top ranking advisors,
The preliminary western talks
are expected 10 result Ia Tie q.
greement on a solid from, al Nes,.
ern poiirles In the Rlg -Four meet.
ms which opens Al Paris MAY -.
To confirm arrangements for ihls.
Mr. AeiaeSon Is expected to meet
with British Fcfrtgn Minister
Bcvtn and French Foreiga Min
lster Schuman Immediately before
the three Western leaders go into
the Council Of Fofrign Ministers
sessions with the top Soviet Dip
lonat. Andre vlSlllnsky.
Evening star., 1949-05-12

American diplomats regard ~ q
means Of eourttng fAsor with TIRE
German people, the West vii rso'
reject II outright.
Instead. the West will pat up
sogne kind of conditional accept
ance or counter proposal which
would have the effect Il of limit
ing the future duration Of the &C =
eupation Of Germany and ~ ot
narrowing the areas In which cer
cupation troops actually operate
An idea TO which some high
offieials here are fasoTahly In
elined Is that the Western powers
should advocate q time limitation
on the occupation which would
coincide with the completion al
the Marshall Plan and the accom-
plishment Of European rearms-
ment under the Atlantic treaty.
Shield Against Soviet Drive,
Some such timing Is considered
important because at the moment
troops In Germany
serve two purposes---they occupy
and help keep under control q
former enemy people, and they
also hold q line between Western
Europe and Communist Europe
which serves as q shield against
any Russian drive westward.
At a minimum. II seems un-
likely that the Western powers
will give UP the existence Of this
line In some form until other pro-
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Airlift Crews Still Too Busy
To Celebrate BIockode's End

ssesaa swgSaess4aAsSS 80 SsxsRay 90
EsaAs4sas ana aasss1ssss st sasrA
sapgss ~ rsss. ss1 ard sasnR
wes.sss e~ q sscw eSwsAtssaa
TFss s4anl us~saaAexs saaai krEs4
Rees2ss alive ega2rsS seas aasss eaexk.
Akse iSok . sy@Ss et % aAa Esre.
Fssts -sSas et i1ass< ksss tfssss sFsxs
ss crashes. wsash al@s eN&s AarssaA
50 eSas 900 in saaagssrsaa
Tese &aFtafS hAs easvaea . fetal
ot / so sAs trxsa ef snse. ecAa ara
machinery tn is sSe asxAss aate
Berlin 1g ~ weeaa hxstasa All
MINISTER AFsAaag Aer9eEMsa cad
nsse fourth ss tAs 100 wAs Gssas
ey The RytIsah. ths EeEaAsss3ss ~
The Americana
The rnIsc6 States Rad srwns
more thar tise. eec zoe In iAs
og~ratto1 by the ess6 q Marxa.
British expenditures ran te secSst
$50 coo eSa
Evening star., 1949-05-12

steps by the United States to spur
agreement. He then said this
Government came to the following
conclusions:
/. "The deficit Japanese econ
omy shows little prospect Of be-
ing balanced In the near future
and, to achieve eventual balance
will require all resources at Its
disposal"
2. "The burden Of removing
further reparations from Japan
could detract seriously from the
occupation objective Of stabiliz-
ing the Japanese economy and
permitting it to move towards
self-support."
3. There is little or no pros
pect of Far Eastern Commission
agreement on O reparations shares
schedule despite the repeated ini-
tiatives by the United States over
the past three years to assist the
commission In reaching such an
agreement. ."
4. Japan has already paid SUBJ
stantial reparations through ex-
preparation Of its former over
seas assets and, in smaller de-
gree, under the advance transfer
program"
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Effective Unificution of Services Abroad Cited
AS One of Chief Accomplishment of AirIift

The Hump vas O shocting-waT
project: the airIift wasn't.
The record tonnage for the
Hump In "a hours was s.32T tens
I'm l.i23 round trips: the total
carried April is was l2.ssi tons
In 1895 trips. Thus the Hump.
with its longer fights and higher
attitudes. carried less than half
the load per trip.
The average round-trtp dis
tance on the Hump was i.Seo
air-miies. on the American por-
ton Of the airlift. the average
round trip is slightly less than
500 miles
At the end Of the Hump opera
ton, l3 fields in India were de-
liyering 20 10 widely separated
fields In China. whereas on the
airiift the three receiving ter
minals-Tempelhof. In the Amer
ican sector: Gatow. in the Brit
ish. and Tegel. In the French
are within 10 miles OF each other,
Thus the greatest difference In
the two operations Is the matter
Iof air trafIic control More air
craft were In operation on the
Hump. but they had a great deal
more air In which to operate.
There were IS separate routes
across the Hump. as opposed 70
three 2o-mile- wide corridors con-
Meeting Berlin with the outside
world.
1t was the triumph over this
congestion on the airlift that has
amazed all who saw or studied it..
Thanks to the ground controlled
approach, improvements In radar
and other devices. the accident
rate has been barely Is per cent
of that on the Hump.
No story OF cooperation on the
airliit could be complete without
a warm mention Of the role played
Iby the Military Air Transport
Service. headed by the brilliant
young Maj. Gen. Laurence 8.
Kuter. Westover Air Force Base.
near Springfield. Mass. has been
MATS chief hopping-of place for
Europe. and through there have
funneled hundreds Of planes from
Patuxent Naval Air Station and
Andrews Air Force Base. Nd:
Wright Field, Ohio: Great Falls.
Mont. and other key places.
In one month alone. $685. pas
sengers moved through Westover.
among them 1902 airlift person.
mel; and this did not include the
crews of C-54s that are assigned
to Operation vittles.
These figures were furnished at
my request by 1t. Col. Charlie
Short. now public information Of
ficer at Westover. but better
known to many Washingtonians
as referee of scores of boxing bouts
in the District area during the last
rs years.
Two other vital stopping g-oh
places for MATS are the Ernest
Harmon Air Force Base at Ste
phenville. Newfoundland. and La
gems Field. in the Azores. operated
jointly by MATS and the Portu-
guese Air Force.
All these places and many more
have played q part In the great
success Of the airlift.
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Allies Desire 10 See
Unified Reich, Clay
Tells Berlin Assembly
sy ,hs A,,ee;o,sd Press

BERLIN, May 12.-Gen. Lucius
d. Clay told the West Berlin City
Assembly In q speech today that
the Western military governors
would like to see q unified Ger
many"
However, 1t must not come
about by any sacrifice of basic
principles of freedom" that are
outlined In the West German re-
public's constitution. the Ameri-
can military governor said.
Gen. Clay and Gen. Sir Brian
Robertson. British military gov
ernor. who also was present, are
TO fly to Frankfurt today to meet
with French Gen. Pierre Koenig.
The three are expected to approve
the West German constitution, a
step preparatory to its submission
to West German state Legislatures
for ratification.
The assembly stood in silent
tribute to 81 American and Brit
ish fiiers killed In airlift accidents,
and voted to name a square near
Tempelhof Airfieid in their honor.
It will be called Platz der Luft-
bruecke Place Of the Airbridge). !.
DR.. Konrad Adenauer, president
Of the Bonn Constituent Assembly.
appeared before the city legisla-
ture to stress that Berlin must
eventually become the 18th state
of the West German republic.
Mayor Ernst Reuter- told the
city assembly that his govern
ment would build It's owner power
and gas plants so that "the in
Evening star., 1949-05-12

Concerning the 194s work Of
the U. N. General Assembly. the
report said:
"The decisions on all Of the spe-
cific political matters were. with
isolated exceptions. opposed only
by the Soviet group.
"The Assembly did not auto
matically adopt the proposals
made by any one member, as often
alleged by Soviet spokesmen. On
the contrary, national proposals
were, in practically all instances.
modified through the process OF
discussion. They expressed the
views of q large majority. and they
emerged with the support Of prac-
tically the entire Assembly except
the Soviet bloc.
"Tfis fact reflects clearly the
extent Of the divergence Of Soviet
aims and policies from those OF
practically all other members. Un-
fortunately, no tendency was seen
on the part Of the Soviet group
to reconcile its views with those OF
the rest of the membership.
No Reason to Lose Confidence.
Mr.. Acheson said in his letter,
however, that ''there is no sound
reason for Americans to lose con-
Ifidence in the United Nations.
.The future Of America. /" he as
serted, "is closely related TO the
extension of democratic principles
and practices In other areas; We
believe the United Nations Is the
proper agency for promoting that
extension by peaceful and proper
means"
Mr.. Truman wrote that I'VE can
be proud Of what we have done
in helping to develop the o. N
He asserted that I'VE are firm In
our resolution to work for objec-
/ tives OF the Charter, and win con-
/ tinue to recognize obligations un-
/ der the Charter.
1 .And we have a right. " the Pres
i ident added. to expect other
/ members to act similarly. for. the
Il Charter lis q pledge OF good faith
J. exchanged BY each member witt
al the others"
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Jupun
Continued From First Page)

porting Japanese equipment taken
for reparations would constitute
an additional financial burden
upon the United States Govern
ment."
The American representative
also pointed out that In addition
to the equipment taken from Ja-
pan under the advance reparations
program, Japan already has been
deprived of all of its overseas ter
ritorial possessions as well as
substantial quantities of real
property" the Japanese had owned
abroad. Officials said 1t was i'm
possible to estimate the value OF
such property, but that 1t would
be safe to say the japanese
economy had lost no less than
three billion dollars In external
assets.
jap Economy Reviewed.
Gen. Mccoy reviewed at length
the Japanese economic situation
and the failure Of the FEC to
reach any agreement on a repara-
tions program despite repeated
Evening star., 1949-05-12

money bills for the coming fiscal
year.
Senator Taft of Ohio. Republi-
can Policy Committee chief In
the Senate, said he believed that
advocates of trimming could show
greater strength on other appro-
priation bills.
He told reporters that a meet
ing of Senate Republicans brought
out some opposition to a cut In
Post Once funds because the de-
partment is expected to have an
operating deficit of $409, ,000. .000
In the fiscal year.
The drive to cut spending
showed more power when the
Senate recently voted. a to 81
to send back to its Appropria-
tions Committee q Labor Federal
Security money bill with instruc-
tions to cut operating funds by
5 per cent.
S Democrats Join COP.
The vote was almost exactly
the reverse on a motion Of Senator
Bridges yesterday to send the
Post ONCE Treasury bill back to
committee with similar instruc-
tions.
His motion was rejected by a
vote of A to SO. Five Democrats
Senators Byrd of Virginia. Doug
las of Illinois. George Of Georgia
Gillette of Iowa and Edwin c.
johnson of Colorado voted with
SO Republicans for the motion.
The Senate bill allots $1.045.-
1874, ,403 to the Treasury Depart
ment-$1I576.0oo more than ,ths
House voted-and $2.067, ,884, 10t
to the Post once Department, ar
increase of $22,674,ooo over tn.
House amount.
Evening star., 1949-05-12
U. s. Reported Read
To Counter Russians
On Ending Occupation
o. ne Assneaasse sss~s

state Department otneaals ieas-
tng for Paris today expect to dis
cgssx with British and Frsnch
leaders several plans fer meeians
Russ1a's expected proposal that
occupation troopx be Withdrawn
completely from Germany.
oncials said that one counter
proposal which might prove work
able would be to suggest the con-
centration Of occupation forces In
strategically located garrison cities
That would keep them In Germany
but cut 10 q minimum their regular
contacts with the German people
One list Of possible garrison
points drawn up would provide for
removal OF Soviet forces to the
port city Of Stetttn. British forces
TO the port Of Hamburg. American
forces to the port Of Bremen and
French troops 10 single point In
the French-controiled area.
Oficials said. however. that this
Is only one OF several possibilities
being explored. This and all other
proposals for action by the West
ern Allies ut the Big -Four foreign
ministers meeting at Paris will
have 10 be further considered and
approved or disapproved by the
American, British and French gov
ernments.
Full Acceptance Discarded.
One plan discussed. but under
stood already TO have been dis
carded. called for fun acceptance
OF the Soviet troop withdrawal
proposition. II it is made. The
thought was that American forces
might pull out Of Germany and
take UP garrison positions along
the German border In Holland.
Belgium. Luxembourg and France.
State Department officials never
thought much Of this idea. but did
talk about 1t with leaders Of the
European countries concerned.
The Europeans were quite en-
phatie in their condemnation OF
any such project.
What does seem likely ut the
moment Is that II the Russians
press their troop proposal. which
Evening star., 1949-05-12
u. N. Report
(Continued from First Page

most members Of the organization
are working Loyalty in that direc-
tion."
Referring again to "disappoint-
ment" over inadequacy of the ef-
forts of some members to provide
international security through the
u. NJ, Mr.. Acheson said. however.
that "in 1948 the conclusion be-
came clearer than ever that as q
security organization the United
Nations has not thus far been able
to grow to its full stature"
Political instability Cited.
He cited the North Atlantic
security pact, military and &C.
onomic aid to Greece. Turkey and
China, and the European Recov-
cry Program as among courses OF
action consistent with the U. N.
Charter that had been taken by
this and other nations to meet
the resulting need"
Neither Mr.. Truman nor Mr.
Acheson identified the Soviet
Union by name In their letters as
responsible for the "disappoint-
ment" they cited.
The report itself had this u
say:
ssThe Security Councils work
naturally reflected the political
instability and division that pre-
vailed in 1948.
..In part, these conditions wert
Incidental to the process q
achievement Of full independence
and political unification by Q num-
ber of nations.
Soviet Expansion Efforts.
aIn part, they resulted from thi
continued inability of the majo
powers to reconcile their work
policies, because--in the view o
practically the entire non-Soyie
world--the Soviet Union was en-
gagged ia varied efforts to expan'
its power and influence and ex
tend It's system"
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Economy
Continued From First Page)

on the first major money bill
passed by the Senate.
A measure appropriating $3,-
1l3,068, ,503 TO finance the Treas
ury and Post Once Departments
In the fiscal year starting July I
was passed by the Senate late
yesterday.
Final approval was given by
voice vote after various Repub-
lican backed maneuvers to force
a 5 per cent cut in the total were
defeated.
AS passed by the Senate, the
bill carries $40, ,250, 800 more than
the House voted. If the House
refuses to accept the increase, ef-
forts will be made by conferees
from the two branches to work out
o compromise.
Bridges Sees Luck Next Time.
Senator Bridges. Republican,
New Hampshire, told reporters
there will be no iet-up in the re-
duction campaign despite the set
back.
He promised that every Sena-
Tor Is going to be on record O
great many times on how he
stands on the issue of economy
before this session is over" He
called the Post Office-Treasury
bill "the most difficult to cut" OF
all appropriations and predicted
better luck on others to come.
= The Trsasury-Post Once meas
ure was the first regular appropri-
alton bill passed by the Senate
In this session Of Congress. The
House has passed all the regular
Evening star., 1949-05-12
KING Marks l2-Yeor REIGN

LONDON, May - tF.~-Ailinx
King 0eofee marked the i3th
anniversary Of his coronation to-
day. only four weeks before rio
scheduled return 10 public life.
Royal xalutes OF IL guns we're ftrcd
in Hyde Park and 81 the Tower of
London.
Evening star., 1949-05-12

what has made last June's cur
rency reform. which led TO the
Russian blockade and the airiift
such a great success. For the
Deutschmark, pegged at three to
the American dollar. was backed
only by the German willingness to
work. But 1t has brought German
production up to about S5 per cent
Of the 1886 figure. practically elm
mated the black market and
caused the CT to start smoking
his cigarettes.
Aside from the glamorous per-
formance of the two Navy squad
rons of the Military Air Transport
Service, the Navy's role in the
airlift is not as well known as IL
should be. For instance. since
the inception of the airlift and
through April Is. Navy tankers
have delivered approximately
100. .000. 900 gallons Of aviation
gasoline to Bremerhaven for the
airlift planes alone. That's nearly
$500. 900 barrels. since there are
~ gallons per barrel. When the
airlift started. there were only
$4,000 barrels of gasoline avail
able at Bremerhaven. the port for
Bremen. Since then. 10 Navy
tankers have brought 1000 .00o
barrels from Gulf Coast ports
119, 900 from East Coast ports and
800, 900 from the West Coast.
Tunner Halls Efficiency.
When the gasoline is on the
dock, as with all other supplies
the Transportation Corps takes
over. Gen. Turner Is more than
willing to testify to its efficiency.
Gen. Tunner. incidentally. Is
one of many airlift veterans who
also played a prominent part In
the famous Hump operation over
the Himalayas during the war, an
accomplishment similar to Opera
ton Vittles In many ways but
contrasting In others. At that
time. he commanded the India
China division Of the Air Trans
port Command.
During the hustle and hustle
which inevitably accompanied the
precision of Easter Saturdays
record breaking haul, the general
was a victim of his own planning
according TO q story related In
Stars and Stripes.
At Tempelhof. to inspect the
lift from the Berlin end. Gen
Tunner asked an airlift pilot for
a ride back to Wiesbaden. The
general was dressed In an ordi-
nary pilots Jacket which con-
cealed his rank.
You'll have to shake your tail
and get aboard" the busy pilot
snapped. Were in q hurry to-
day"
The general did just that. the
Stars and Stripes reporter said
Among the striking slmilarities
between the Hump and the air.
lift are these:
Both captured the imagination
Of the world.
Each was O continuous opera
tion, "a hours q day. 2 days O
week.
In each case, the principal cargo
was fuel of some sort. In the
Hump effort, 80 per cent Of the
load was gasoline, while II per
cent of the airlift payload has
been coal.
Each employed native labor
successfully.
Both flew on actual weather
observations rather than on fore
casts.
And now for some important
contrasts:
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Sales Tax
Continued From First Page,

on any others that might be Of
fered.
Leaders were hopeful. however,
for final Senate action by to-
morrow night, II discussion should
prevent . vote by the end Of
business today.
Early estimates Of revenues
needed to balance swollen District
fund needs were calculated or
final action on the revenue bill
before May /. As now written
the bill would become effective
so days after the first day Of the
month following enactment. This
was to have been July /. but now
would be August !.
Evening star., 1949-05-12

human blockade" could never be
imposed again.
The flags Of all four occupation
powers were hung inside the West
Berlin City Hall but no Russian
officials attended the ceremonies.
Evening star., 1949-05-12
D. 80 Asss~sssss s.~~a

BERLIN. Mky i1-~Tne nsn
wso manned The aessaa lasealns se
Berlin couldn't take tasne cas tns
parties eeAeasAsanx ssss en6 es sae
aacckadc---sseAr ice w~ns cza
American p4icss sad they bad
received oxS4egs 10 keep llae aSsIgst
gong full blast for ancssscE -
days-slsrss Tor ths wesse-n powers
TO measure Russia q Intentions
The roag of tfe meters Ssass was
heard over Berlin TODAY As Rs1ssSa
and American nyess hauled SUP
plies 10 the city a1 the rate ot
nearly 500 tens an hour,
There Is o dual purpose IN keep
ing things gosng Assurance cs gn
accord in the political field Ia eras
reason.
The other is % swplscs badly
depleted stocks in Berlin. The
Western Allies wans to nee tasS
Evening star., 1949-05-12
Mt. Vernon Citizens Dance

IA A square dance to raise funds
for Its annual fair In September
viii be held at 8 pm. Saturday by
the Mount Vernon Citizens Asso-
citation at the fire station on Fort
Hunt road, Alexandria.
Evening star., 1949-05-12
st. Louis IndustriuIist Dies

ST. LOUIS, May IL R.-Ar-
thur C. Boylston, 66. president OF
the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
since 194l. died Of heart disease
Tuesday night. He had been Ill
several weeks. Mr.. Boylston was
with the firm more than 40 years.
Evening star., 1949-05-12

It is estimated that IL the
worlds entire population were to
start counting the number OF
atoms In one drop Of water 1t
would take 10000 years to finish
the lob.