davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-10-20
Story OF America S First Oil Well

This is the story of the fish that
didn't get caught and of the be-
/ ginning of an era of progress. This
is the story of how the oil indus
try was born ninety years ago.
According to the best records of
1.-THE petroleum industry, a black
smith and well driller by the
name of Uncle Billy" Smith had
planned to 60 fishing with his
/, sons on a Sunday in August, 1859.
But that morning they found
oil when they made cursory ex-
animation of a well they had
drilled to depth Of SO and a half
feet. That discovery cancelled
Sundays fishing expedition and
marked the beginning of the pc
troleum industry.
This week, "Oil Progress Week
/ in communities all over the coun-
try, oil men are re-telling the
story of how "Uncle Billy
brought in Americas, and the
worlds, first oil well.
They tell how it was the dere-
LECTION Of some other well drill
| lers that placed "Uncle Billy" in
the pages of history. Or, they ex-
plain, maybe those other well
drillers just had no confidence in
the idea that petroleum could be
found by drilling well like those
which they drilled for salt.
A retired railway conductor,
: Col. Edwin L. Drake, had been
commissioned in 1858 by the Sen
eca Oil company to drill well for
oil at Titusville, Pa, near where
oil often appeared on the surface
of streams and pools Of water.
Never before had anyone pro-
posed that oil existed in such IA
shion underground that it could
be found and brought to the sur
/. face by drilling well.
When Colonel Drake arrived in
Pennsylvania, he decided that he
/ should hire some of the local ex-
perts who were drilling salt wells.
A crew of three that he employ
ed never showed up. Their dere-
LECTION was the chance that made
Uncle Billy" famous.
When his drillers didn't report
for work, Colonel Drake borrowed
a horse and headed for Pittsburgh
and Tarentum, Pa, to talk to Will
liam A. Smith, blacksmith
whose reputation as well driller
was highly spoken of by salt well
people.
The Colonel hired Uncle Billy
on the spot, but was greatly char
grined when the driller insisted
that he could not come to Titus
vile before the late spring of
1889. He had too many jobs al
ready lined up in and around Ia
rentum. he told the Colonel.
Srith arrived - scheduled On
April 8, 1859. Drilling started in
May. Work progressed slowly
The drill was down only a few
feet when quicksand was struck
They drilled through the sand
readily, but when the drill was
withdrawn, the sand filled the
hole.
1t was Edwin Drake who came
up with the solution. He suggest
ed they push down a heavy pipe
through the quicksand until rock
was struck. Then they could re.
move the sand from the pipe and
continue drilling operations
through the pipe.
This held up drilling until fl
hancial arrangements for the pipe
could be made. The pipe arrived
in August, 1859, and they quickly
drove it through the sand to the
rock below.
On that historic August 81
1859, the cursory inspection had
revealed, just a few feet below
the surface was the black, magic
liquid: petroleum.
| AVE -
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-10-20

have come the machine age, the
automotive age, the flying age,
the communications age and many
modern marvels unknown to us
less than ninety years ago.
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-10-20

Try the Classified Ads-It Pays!
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-09-23
FILL. COMMUNITY
 AUXILIARY GIVES
 DANCE THIS NIGHT

The ladies of the Filipino Con- munity Auxiliary will give a bene- fit dance tonight beginning at z o'clock in the Catholic Parish Hall to raise funds for the Filipino childrens' Christmas Party. Good music will be supplied by three piece orchestra. Refreshments will be served
 Auxiliary President Mrs. Eddie Belarde urges all members of the Filipino Community and their friends to attend this first party and dance of the fall social sea- son. A good time is guaranteed to all.
 In charge of the dance are Mrs. Marcello Quinto, general chairman; at the door will be Mrs. Tony Florendo, Mrs. Sam Constantine; in charge of refreshments will be Mrs. Edde Corpuz, Mrs. Vincent Isturis, Paulin Tabernilla, Mrs Arce Credo, Mrs. Pastor V. Bi- gornia.
 This is the first social affair of the fall social season and the ladies of the Filipino Community Auxili- ary cordially invite all members of the Filipino community and friends of the community to attend the dance.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-09-23
LATEST PACK REPORT
 GIVES 1949 INCREASE

Latest 1949 salmon pack figures show more than a million in- crease in Southeast Alaska over last year.
 The report, released today by the Fish and Wildlife Service here, gives the total pack through Sep tember IT.
 This years total for Southeast Alaska is 2.417,967. Last years total was 1,241 ,449.
 Cnly short, limited salmon sea- son remains for 1949. There will be an open period, october D ito IS, for Excursion Inlet, Hood Bay, Port Camden, Security Bay and Chalk areas.
 In the south, Cholmondeley Sound will be open for the same period
 This season will take advantage of the late run of dog salmon in those regions.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-09-23
N n n C E

GARFIELD BOOMHOWER, also known as George Boomhower, will please contact Mclean, Ferris, Ely and Fain, $50 Madison Avenue, New York IT, New York, relative to a legady. Sept. 23-26-28)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-09-23
MIRROR CAFE

Opens Saturday at 5 pm. Next to Dreamland. Specializing in steaks and chicken dinners. 306 It
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-09-23
RADIO LOG
Kl N Y Alaska Broadcasting Co.
 0. B. s. DIAL 146O-JUNEAU


 FRIDAY EVENING 6:00--News. 6:l5-Dinner Music. 6:30-SAM HAYES-ABC. 6:45-Local News. 7:00-Ave Maria Hour 730--ARTHUR GODFREY-CBS :00-Weather report. 8:05-Music to Read By. 8:30-Century of Conservation. 9:00-Alaska News. 9:l5-Viking Varieties 9:3o-G -GANGBUSTERS-C -CBS. 1000-News. 10:15-Drifting on Cloud. 10:30-Weather report. 10:35-Sign Off. Saturday Morning and Afternoon
 Sign On. 7:00-Dunking with Druxman.
 7:25-Local weather.
 7:30-News Summary.
 8:15-News Headlines.
 8:20-Morning Thought.
 825-Weather report. 8:30-Fred Waring. 9:00-Music for the Missus. 93O-Weather report. 9:35- Eddy Arnold. 9:45-Dusty Records. 10:00-News. 10:05-Here Is Jazz. 1O:15-Looks at the Books-ABC 10:3O-Kids on KINY. 11:O0-KICK OFF TIME-CBS. 11:30-Listeners Digest-ABC. 11:45-Tempo Time. 11:55-Weather report. 12:00-Hit Tunes. 12:l5-News. 12.30-Luncheon Date. 1:OO-MAKE WAY FOR YOUTH
 CBS. l :30-Christian Science. 1:45-FOOTBALL = WASHING
 TON STATE vs. MON
 TANA-CBS. 4.30-Native Program. -Childrens Chapel. 5:00-MUNICIPAL OPERA-CBS. All programs subject to change due to conditions hsyond our con- trol.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Grizzly Bears reach up trees

Grizzly Bears reach up trees
to bite and claw the bark. It's
their challenge to intruders a
warning to strange bears to get
off the range or else. The house
cat, stretching to sharpen it's
claws, probably obeys the same
urge.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
March Of Dimes
Drive jan. I4-3I
la49 Epidemic
Worst In History

Lucas County Chapter, Ma
tional Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis, Inc, will conduct its
seventeenth annual March Of
Dimes campaign Jan. 14-31 with
John S. Yaryan as chairman.
A total of 1913, 1920 has been
raised locally by the drives
which began in 1884 under Rob-
ert F. Coningham, chairman, APP
proximately one-half of this sum
has been spent for treatment Of
Lucas County infantile paraly-
sis victims Equipment purchas-
ed includes iron-lungs, special
shoes and braces. One-half of
funds realized is sent to the
National Foundation to carry on
the work of research, education,
and assistance to epidemic areas.
Like the National Foundation,
Lucas County has polio statiS-
tics only since 1915. Toledo suf-
fered its worst polio epidemic
in 1948 with 174 cases reported
and 13 resulting deaths. In 1916
there were 100 cases and "a
deaths. In Lucas County for
1949 to-date, II cases and five
deaths have been reported.
The 1949 epidemic nationally
is the most severe in history.
Already more than 100000 in,
fections have been reported inV
the United States. The previous
high years were 1916 with 27,-
1863 cases and 1916 with 25,698.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Coffee Price
Probe Halted

WASHINGTON GPA)-Sen
Guy Gillette ID. Iowa. has an,
nounced the investigation of the
high cost of coffee has been sus-
pended until Congress returns
because he said "the skyrocket-
ing of prices" has stopped. He
was told, he said, that coffee
stocks are at the same level as
last year at this time, and that
coffee exports from Latin Amer
ica next season will be as large
as this season.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Protest Color Line
At Comp For Pre-TBs

DETROIT (LPA)-When the
board of education approved the
sale in the schools of DR.. Shur-
ley's tuberculosis Christmas
seals, labor joined in the storm
of protest. The reason: DR..
Shurly uses the proceeds to run
a summer camp for -tuber-
culosis children, but he bars Ne
groes. Nevertheless, Negro chill
dren would be solicited for
funds.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

cyvle, rather than search fol
substantially greater sources Of
capital investment.
"A high consumption frame
work might provide a more
stable and successful underpin-
ming for the economy, than the
volatile investment variable abs
in the past. 1t is also quite like
ly that a sustained full employ
ment environment would pro-
duce higher total levels of in
vestment and a greater sustain
ed rate of growth in the econ
omy than we have ever known
before. Moreover, it would
avoid the sheer waste involved
in the burtss that typically have
followed investment booms in
the past"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Higher Taxes
On Profits
Demanded

WASHINGTON UPA)-En-
actment of an undistrbuted
profits tax on corporations, to-
gether with an excess profits
tax, was proposed to the Con-
gressional Economic Committee
by the CIO as a means to check
monopoly and encourage the
public to invest in BUSINESS en-
terprise.
CIO economist Everett Kassa-
10 Wtook sharp issue with state
ments by business spokesmen
that prosperity depends on high
/ profits, to encourage big invest
ments for business expansion.
Lasting prosperity, he said, de
pends first and foremost on
broadened and rising consump-
ton levels"
Challenging the busi n S
viewpoint, KassaloW suggested
that investments in business ex-
pansion during the recent infla-
tionary period we're too high for
the good of the economy, and it
would have been healthier if
they had been spread out over
a longer period of years.
But he conceded that steady
flow Of capital into business ex-
pansion was desirable and sug-
gested that an undistributed
profits tax would force corpora
tions to pay out more of ther
encourage the public to invest
profits in dividends, and thus
more freely in the stocks OF
business enterprises.
Noting that most corporate
profits in recent years have not
been distributed to stockholders,
KassaloW said if the big com
panies had seen fit to distrib-
ute some of their largesse in
1916 and 1947, equity would not
have been so difficult to get in
1948 and 1949."
Kassalow said many of the
proposals of the proposals Of
fered by business men to en-
courage investment in business
would accentuate the tendency
toward "booms and busts."
Labor. economists, he added,
were disappointed" that the
hearings so far have brought no
suggestions from bank or bust
ness spokesmen for methods of
levelling off investments to ELI
inmate booms and busts.
"We believe" he said, "that
prime need is for a more stable
flow of investment over the
whole length of the (business)
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Green Sees Greater
AFL-cIO Unity

NEW YORK (LPA)-Greater
unity at home between the AFL
and the CIO was seen by AFL
president William Green De-
cember Is on his return from
the London world conference of
anti-Communist trade unions.
The unity achieved in the for
nation of the Int'l. Confedera-
tion of Free Trade Unions,
Green said, "ought to aid in
bringing about national unity"
between the two American
groups,
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Propose Aid For
Low Income Families

WASHINGTON LPA)-The
Administrations top a b in t
spokesman have appeared in the
investigation of low income
families by a subcommittee of
the Congressional f 9 n o m C
Committee. They have proposed
a wide variety of remedial
measures - almost all of them
proposals already included in
the Truman fair deal" program
particularly expansion of So
cial security, federal aid to edu-
eaton, and health legislation to
help the 100000 families
making less than $4,000 a year.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

oRuttenberg charged t h t
there never is enough profit for
Big Steel. without a thought
for its responsibility to the
country, the steel corporation
has once again defied the Steel
Fact Finding Board and the
American people," he declared.
Last September, a Presiden-
tial fact-finding panel recon-
mended that the steel industry
pay all the costs of pension and
welfare plans, and that the
United Steelworkers-CIO forego
a wage increase-unless the in
dustry rased the price of its
product. The union accepted the
proposals, but the month-long
steel strike resulted, when the
industry refused to finance the
social benefits until forced to.
There is simply no justifica-
tion for this price rise" Rutten-
berg said, adding that actually
American consumers had the
right to look forward to lower
prices for steel products, accord
ing to the fact-finders' con-
clusions.
He declared that US Steel had
seized upon "the flimsy pretext
that higher costs make the in
crease necessary. The facts are
that the costs of the great bulk
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Dubinsky> Reuther See
Closer AFL-CIO Ties

PARIS (LPA)-Walter P. Reuther, president OF the
United Auto WorkersCO and David Dubinsky president
f the International Ladies Garment WorkerAFL both IN
dcaed to reporters here that greater degree of COAFL
collaboration NAV be forthcoming.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Hit States HoIfing
JobIess Pay

WAS HING TON LPA)-
Leaders of both the AFL and
the CIO hit hard at the practice
in the states of Washington and
California of dropping union
members drawing jobless pay
from the rolls whenever their
unions became involved in dis
putes. CIO President Phillip
Murray told Secretary Of Labor
Tobin the practice put a pre-
MUM on strike breaking. Mel
son Cruikshank of the AFL said
such practices made a federal
jobless pay system necessary.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
SteeIPrice Unjustifed
Research Head Saws

WASHINGTON (LPA) - How much profit is enough?"
Stanley Ruttenber research director for the national CO put
question after President Ben Fairless the
poraon announced increase the price
four dolla a ton
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

Dubinsky said the CLOS
drive to clear out its few re-
naming Communists Plu S
CIO-AFL cooperation at the re-
cent London conference creating
the Int'l. Confederation of Free
Trade Unions "clears the way
for organic unity of the two or
ganizatons. Reuther said that
successful joint operations IN
London were a basis for predict
ing greater cooperation at home.
Reuther, who headed the ClO
delegation at London, urged free
European unions to fight the
Communists at the bread and
butter level" He said the way
to do il was to show European
workers that free unions could
do more for them than the Com
munists could.
The CIO leader also condemn
ed as "intolerable" control of
French wages in the absence of
price control, and suggested the
French unions find a political
party that would work in their
interest.
Reuther vigorously endorsed
the Marshall Plan, but said he
would like to drill some holes
so the aid could "trickle down
to the European people.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

of the materials going into steel
production have fallen sharply
during the past year." He also,
said steel profits are higher than
they have been in years.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

Nearly three-fourths Of all
veterans receiving compensa-
ton benefits or retirement
pay from Veterans Admmis-
tration on October /, 1949,
served in World War III.
Evening star., 1949-11-16

Sir Humphry Davy had charge OF
q laboratory in London, a laboratory
where tests in chemistry took place
A young fellow named Payne was
his assistant. Payne seemed to care
nothing about science, and there
was trouble in getting him to clean
the instruments at night. One day
he had a quarrel with the man VINO
made instruments at the laboratory
and struck him with his fist. That
ended his employment.
Davy then thought OF young
bookbinder named Michael Faraday
who had written him for an inter-
view. and who had shown him a
notebook on science and electricity.
A letter was sent and Faraday went
to the Royal Institution to see Davy.
Faraday was named as Davy Is
assistant, and for six months
worked in the laboratory. Then
came word that Sir Humphry was
about to 90 to the mainland Of
E,,rope for a tour with his Wife
Mrs. Davy was to see the signts
while her husband visited men o.
science. .....
To the Joy OF young Faraday
he was asked to go along. He was
to arrange for hotels along the
route, and to help his employer IN
other ways.
paris. Geneva, Genoa and Rome
we're among the cities which Fara-
day visited during that journey
which lasted for 18 months. He
Evening star., 1949-11-16
Uncle Rays Corner
BY Romon coffmon

met famous scientists and talked
with them. While in Italy he saw a
telescope which had been made and
used by the great Calico. The
young scientist described that tele-
scope as "a simple tube of wood
and paper about three and a half
feet long, with a lens at each end. "
The trip was very much like a
college education to Faraday. He
used it to add much to his knowl-
edge of chemistry and electricity.
Getting back to London. Faraday
went to work once more at the
Royal Institution. During the next
seven years, he did far more than
take care of the instruments in the
laboratory. He made tests of his
own, and wrote 81 articles for the
Quarterly Review"
At the age of 80, Faraday took
time away from his beloved science.
He had come to know a young
woman named Sarah Barnard, and
had fallen in love with her. The
two ware married. and we are told
/ that HMas an ideal union
|, Going ION with.his science, Fara-
;days was chosensas Fellow Of the
Royal Society, and gave lectures to
groups Of students.
Interesting life stories OF Mozart. Bee
thoven. Chopin. Brahms. Strauss and
.Liszt are told in the illustrated leaflet
called MASTERS OF MUSIC. This will
be sent without charge to any reader
who asks for 1t and encloses . stamped.
sen-addressed envelope. Address your let
ter to Uncle Ray in care of The Star,
and allow about 10 days for reply.
Evening star., 1949-11-16
Goren on Bridge

Sound bidding strategy requires
that one keep an open mind on the
subject of the value of ones hand.
such value does not always remain
static, but Is subject to f1uctuation,
depending upon developments around
the table. What appears to be a
dud may, upon closer examination,
well prove to be loaded. When south
picked up today's hand he couio
hardly look upon it as a thing OF
beauty, but in two rounds of bidding
it took on the appearance OF lovely
thing.
North's cue bid of the opening
heart call was the only correct pro-
cedure. Certainly even with a part
ner completely devoid OF honor
strength he wishes to reach game
In one Of his three suits. With this
type Of hand the cue bid is infinitely
superior to the double, inasmuch as
it permits leisurely bidding and
avoids unnecessary jumps on later
rounds. This is so because the cue
bid itself establishes it clearly that
game must eventually be reached.
south responded dutifully with three
diamonds and North now showed
his spade suit. There was no need
to Jump, since the game commit
ment had already been made. South
elected to raise partners suit rather
than show the other four-card
minor and North now bid five clubs.
South's decision to raise to six was
bold but sound.
Up to this point he had promised
no strength at all. Every one OF
his bids had been forced and showed
nothing but distribution. As far as
partner was concerned South might
not even have face card. The king
of spades Is q card Of enormous
value and the honors in clubs and
diamonds are bound to fit into part
ner's holdings. North returned to
six diamonds and the contract was
fulfilled.
The king of hearts was opened,
which made it embarrassing, since
trumps could not be drawn. De-
clarer properly decided to establish
the clubs first and hope for Be-
break. He entered his hand with
the king Of spades and took the
club finesse. When this succeeded,
he cashed the ace and led another
club. West won and led another
heart. This was ruffed in dummy
with the king and declarer was able
to draw trumps by overtaking the
Jack. The third heart was discarded
on the queen Of spades.
(copyright, 194e. BY Charles H. Goren.)
Evening star., 1949-11-16
Take Ny Word for 1t
Rv eronk Tojhv
BY FFonk Colby
English Quiz

Give yourself 10 points for each
correct answer. A score of 100 is
perfect. 80 excellent, 80 very good,
10 good, so fair, so or under poor.
/. Correct? Il am most nearly
ready"
2. Which is incorrect? ''The bal
loon has bursted has busted. y
3. Right or wrong? He don t
believe 1t is l." Caution here) :
4. Is this double possessive per-
missible? He is friend OF
Mabel's." 49,
S. Which is correct? "The pole
is 10 Cfoot? feet?) long"
g. Which is correct? This is a
10 (-foot? -feetD pole"
7. Correct? Measles is conta-
gious."
8. Correct? 1--WE bought a sec
ond handed car"
9. Correct? I'VE were to church
this morning"
10. Which is correct: Read the
(first two? two firstD chapters. "
Answers:
l. Incorrect and dialectal. Say:
I am nearly ready. Or: I am almost
ready. 49,.
O. Both are wrong. There is no
such word as "bursted." And
busted is slang. Better say: The
balloon has burst.
3. Wrong. Don't" is short for
"do not" and should not be used
with ''he. she, it." Right: He doesn't
believe it is I.
4. Yes. Such double possessives
are often desirable. Note the diff
ference in meaning: This is a
picture of Mabel. This is pic
ture of Mabel's.
5. Correct: 10 feet long.
6. Correct: l0-foot pole.
Also correct: 12-inch ruler; 100
yard dash; 60-mile wind.
7. Correct. Measles is singular
noun, and takes a singular verb.
8. Incorrect. handed" means "of
or pertaining to the hands" as, a
gentle handed woman, q horny
handed farmer. Better say: We
bought a secondhand car.
9. Wrong. One cannot "be to-
place. Right: We were at church
this morning. Or: We went to
church this morning.
10. There cannot be two "firsts. N
Read the first two chapters.
Are you guilty Of using "ain't" OF
aren't I?'' Mr.. Colby discusses these
common errors in his ieaflet. c-2o. Fol-
| q copy, send cents in coin, and q
! stamped. self-addressed envelope to him,
care. Of the Star, P. o. Box 80. Station