davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-09-10
Germ Weapons Make
Atom Bomb Obsolete,
u, n. Health ChiefSays
By the Associated Press

ST. CERGUE, Switzerland, Sept.
1O.-The atom bomb has been
rendered obsolete by new bacter-
biological weapons capable of wip-
ing out mankind, according to DR..
Brock Chisholm, director general
of the World Health Organiza-
ton.
DR.. Chisholm, a Canadian, de-
clared scientists have found one
substance so deadly that ounces,
properly distributed, could kill all
the people in the world within six
hours. He did not name the sub
stance.
DR.. Chisholm made the state
ment in an address yesterday be-
fore the World Union of Peace
Organizations, union of West
ern European peace organizations
of which the Peace Council of
Great Britain is the parent body.
Lord John Boyd Orr. former direc-
tor general of the Food and Agri-
culture Organization, is chairman
of the st. Cergue conference.
The health chief appealed for a
new maturity" to prevent fu-
ture wars, adding:
The time has now come when
mans ability to kill man has be-
come so terrific that he threatens
his own survival.
ANY country which has a few
good bacteriologists and a few
fanatic distributors. he declared,
"is as potent militarily as any
other country in the world. Man
power is irrelevant, heavy indus
try has nothing to do with this
type of warfare. Large armies,
navies and air forces - things
which were regarded as a symbol
Of poWer-are obsolete. The atom
bomb is obsolete.
If the next generation grows
up with the same values we have"
DR.. Chisholm said, they will de-
Stroy the human race"
DR.. Chisholm took his post as
Evening star., 1949-09-10

head Of the World Health Or
ganization, a United Nations
agency, after serving as director
of Canadas Military Health Serv-
ice during World War II with the
rank of major general.
Evening star., 1949-09-10
Boy Polio Victim Brings
District Cases to So

The total of polio cases in the
District is now SO, with one case
reported yesterday by the Health
Department.
The latest case is that of a q
year-old boy living in the 400
block of Tenth street NE. He was
admitted to Children's Hospital
Thursday.
There were II cases in the Dis
trict on the same date last year.
The total for the Washington area
Is now 139.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

analysed and collated by commod-
ity and country specialists in OFT,
are disseminated to American
traders and potential traders
through the columns of the Com
merce Departments publications,
such as Foreign Commerce Weekly.
World Trade in Commodities
and International Reference
Service and through the facil-
tiles of the departments AZ field
Offices.
These Offices also make available
to the trading community basic
data on the United States market.
published by the Bureau Of the
Census and the Office of Domestic
Commerce. AS a complementary
service to the American import
trade, these data are also made
available to potential shippers
abroad by the American Foreign
Service.
But basic information of this
kind, however necessary to sound
business planning, is useful only
when it is utilized by traders as
a background for actual trans
actions. Aware of this, OFT has
assigned to the Intelligence and
Services Division the task of as
sisting traders here and abroad
to establish and maintain advan-
tageous business relationships
with each other.
Import transactions customarily
Originate in one of two ways.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

divisions World Trade Directory
activity whereby an American
trader can obtain an up-to-date
report on any individual foreign
concern, based on data obtained
through the Foreign Service and
furnishing particulars of the for
eign concerns ownership, its his
tory, methods of operation, lines
handled, or produced, its bank
references and other data as to its
business standing. On the basis of
information, the American bust
nessman is enabled to judge the
desirability of establishing con-
nections with specific firms abroad,
thus further refining the know
ledge of potential foreign suppliers
which he obtains from the Trade
List.
If the initiative for an import
transaction IL taken by the foreign
seller-a more usual procedure.
since sales are customarily gen.
Grated by the efforts of the seller
rather than Of the buyer-another
of the divisions activities may be
utilized, its Trade Lead service.
Foreign Service Officers, learning
of specific opportunities in their
territories for the purchase of
goods locally produced for sale in
the United States market, report
full particulars to the Department
of Commerce. The department
disseminates this information to
the international trade community
by publication in Foreign Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

it possible for our domestic con-
sumers to buy the wide variety of
goods we produced at prices they
could afford to pay. Important
segments of the volume markets
necessary for the achievement Of
these low unit costs have, in vir-
tually all of our basic industries,
been found outside our national
borders. Were these industries to
be permanently deprived of these
foreign markets, the result in in
creased unit costs might price a
substantial portion of production
out of the domestic market. The
consequences. to our economy, in
stagnated distribution and at
tendant loss of jobs in the United
States might then extend much
further than the direct effects Of
the loss Of export markets.
OFT ENCOURAGES Trade
Because Of this twofold impor-
lance of imports. the United States
Government encourages increased
import trade and OFT, in particu-
lar. bends it's efforts toward facili-
tating and stimulating import
transactions.
Basic data on production and
availability of individual commod-
tiles throughout the world and
information on economic trends,
business developments and gov
ernmental regulations in all the
trading nations, gathered by the
United States Foreign Service and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16
america Encourages More Imports Help Foot the Bill Exports
Greater Flow of Goods
From Abroad Helps
Our Economy

merce Weekly. Such notices are
freely available for republication
by any private periodical, and
frequently appear in trade papers
and magazines.
Since an effort is made to pub
lish information sufficiently full to
enable interested American bust
nessmen to open negotiations with
the foreign concern directly, there
is no accurate measure as to the
amount of business thus created.
Judging by the number of persons
who have written the division
about these notices, however, it
estimates the total volume as sub
stantial. The measure of the serv-
ices true value, of course, is not
so much the volume of specific
transactions initiated as the con-
tinuing trade relations thus origi-
mated.
Welcomes Visitors
The division welcomes the grow
ing number of foreign business
visitors who utilize its facilities
to make contacts and to discuss
with Government specialists cur
rent conditions affecting the mar
ket for their products in the
United States. Conferences are
frequently arranged for these Wis
itors with buyers in various CEN
tiers throughout the country. In
this way questions of consumer
preference, price, delivery dates
and the like, which might con-
sumo months in discussion by
mail, can be threshed out in the
space Of a few hours conversa-
ton.
Since efficient transportation
underlies the success of any i'm
port operation. an important fea-
ture of the divisions service is
the collection and analysis of cur
rent information on foreign rail-
roads and highways, international
shipping and aviation. Equipped
with this knowledge, its special
lists can advise importers as to
the most practical routes for
bringing in the goods they pur-
chase abroad, and the degree of
reliance which they may place
upon a specific area as a source
Of supply of a given item.
Attainment of maximum import
volume requires utilization of ALI
proven media of International
marketing. One of these, which
FOR many years has enjoyed
marked success in Europe but
about which the American busi-
ness public knows very little, isl
The international trade fair. Att
such events, held periodically in
most of the chief trading centersI
(se9 IMPORT, Page C-5.5
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

mics OF our recent enemies" Mr..
Sawyer said.
The Secretary reported that in
his interviews around the country
businessmen have almost invari-
ably brought up the subject of
taxes. 1t is with that background
that the Secretary-who is a
member of the powerful interde-
partmental council on internal
tional financial affairs, the MAC
views the burden of foreign aid:
During the fiscal year 1949," he
pointed out, Commerce Depart
ment figures show that Sc, 3O0,O OO,-
600 went out in the form of grants
and credits to other countries.
Such drain on our resources
cannot keep up indefinitely"
Budget Can Be Cut
Mr.. Sawyer believes in point four
as a general principle. He was
one of the first to point out, how
ever. that the principle needs
sensible augmentation. In his
view, this should be centered on
bilateral treaties between the
United States and the countries
where American businessmen are
expected to make investments. To
create the proper climate" for the
encouragement of American pri-
vate business investments abroad
something more is required than
the issuance of a businessman
insurance policy by Uncle Sam.
To guarantee the American in
weston against risk that he won't
be able to convert his foreign
profits, If any. into dollars is just
one answer. Mr.. Sawyer believes.
Foreign governments must do
their part, as we'll. I'VE must not
act as though we are trying to
force on them our money and
techniques. as something they
must tolerate" observed the Sec
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16
Commerce Department
Agency Widens the
Trade Gates
(See BROWN, Page ca
By (. (. SchneIIbocher
Director, intelligence and Service Division
Office Of International Trode
Department Of Commerce

During March 1892 million
worth of foreign goods were i'm
ported into the United States.
For the six months just preceding
the figure was 1925 billion. The
total which probably will be
reached for 1949 is estimated at
approximately SOS billion.
All Of these goods moved into
United States markets, not-as
might have been the case in pro
tectionist" days-over the objec-
tons of the United States, but
with its blessing. Nor did the
United States confine itself to
passively permitting the goods to
cross it's borders. In many cases
the sales which made up these
import totals were largely the re-
suit of active stimulation by an
agency of the Government, the
Office of International Trade of
the United States Department of
Commerce.
In channeling its efforts in this
direction-which by no means i'm
plies a slackening of it's long
established activity in behalf of
American exporters-OIT has
been prompted mainly by two con-
siderations: Imports contribute to
the prosperity of the United States
economy as whole: and, more
directly, imports are the best way
of making sure that our exports
can be paid for.
Need Raw Materials
Proud as we may be of our in
dustrial and agricultural progress,
and of the standard of living we
have attained, surely few of us
would argue that either would
have been possible without a
steady and increasing stream of
goods from abroad. And con-
tinued progress is dependent upon
increasing supplies of foreign raw
materials, and semifinished and
finished manufactures, compile
menting and meshing with our
domestic productive and distribu-
tive systems to satisfy domestic
needs and to create domestic en-
ployment.
Equally real in its effect on do
nestle prosperity, and now vivid
ly brought to our attention by
such events as European currency
devaluation, is the part which
imports play in making payment
possible for our exports.
American industrial develop
ment has been based on large
volume distribution, dependent
upon low unit costs which made
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

automotive market. The long
term effect of the devaluations
will be substantial, but any alarm
as to an immediate disastrous
effect is not we'll founded"
The reference to devaluation
led to a discussion of our export
market. obviously" Mr.. Sawyer
said, I'VE cannot operate forever
with a s5.0O0,0O0,000 imbalance
of trade. Furthermore, it is
equally clear that we cannot keep
up the pace of foreign aid which
has prevailed since the war and
which has filled the gap created
by this lmbalance. Either our
export trade must dwindle or our
import trade must increase. Our
first objective should be to in
crease the import trade, but to
do it reasonably and without over
looking the needs of domestic
manufacturers or their place in
our economy or their contribution
to our prosperity"
During Mr.. Sawyer's field trips
he has received complaints from
some American firms against
competitive goods already coming
into the U. S. A. from postwar
Japan. They want such goods
kept out.
How, then, are Japan and Ger
many going to earn their living in
the future?" I asked the Secre-
tary, who has seen Germany from
close up, during World War I as
an officer in the AEF and in 1914
and 1945 as our wartime Ambas-
sador to Belgium and Minister to
Luxembourg.
Il assume that fairly soon the
Germans and the Japanese them
selves will furnish the answer to
that question. Obviously, we can
not continue forever to assume
the responsibility for the econo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

D. oAAAs AASSo oo eAAS FSAAo'
The Issue has been clearly
drawn by Senator Dulles right
from the start of the campaign.
Mr.. Lehman, for his part, has
gone about for the Truman pro-
gram, with it's Brannan farm plan
and socialized medicine. Only ON
one part Of the Presidents domes-
tic program do they seem to agree
rights.
In the matter of foreign policy
of the United States, Mr.. Dulles
has had much to do with the BIZ
partisan policy of this country
which strongly supports the
United Nations, the Marshall Plan
for European recovery and the
North Atlantic security treaty,
as peace measures. Mr.. Lehman
goes right along with the foreign
policy which Mr.. Dulles has
helped to mold. So the real is
sues in the campaign lie in the
domestic field.
Congress a Factor
The two men are outstanding
in their fields. Mr.. Lehman has
been successful Wall Street
banker; Mr.. Dulles, a successful
Wall Street lawyer. Both have
interested themselves in church,
philanthropy and peace. Both
are college graduates-Mr. Leh-
man of Williams and Mr.. Dulles
of Princeton - and both have
many honorary college degrees
awarded by other institutions.
Both have been in the public serv-
ice of their country-although Mi.
Dulles has never before run for
elective Office, while Mr.. Lehman
was twice elected Lieutenant Gov
ernor and three times Governor
of New York. Mr. Dulles is serv-
ing as Senator under appointment
of Gov. Dewey. Mr.. Lehman is
making his second bid for the
senatorship-he was defeated in
1946 by Senator Ives, Republican,
by 100000 votes. Mr.. Dulles is 81
years old and Mr.. Lehman II.
President Truman said after his
election in 1913 that he was proud
to have won without New York
and solid South" He is, how
ever, tremendously interested in
Democratic victory in the Empire
State next month. If the Demo-
Gratis fail there, particularly when
the issues have been so closely
drawn, the claim that the people
gave Mr.. Truman a mandate" to
put through the program which
his opponents charge is leading
directly to "statism" all
powerful state directing the af-
fairs of all the citizens-will, be
severely shaken. Further, New
York, with almost tenth of the
population of the country and its
great industrial and farming
areas, can only be regarded as a
major testing ground.
On the outcome of the election
may depend in some part the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16
Grass Roots of Business Seem Solid
Continued Strikes
Could Change
Situation

rotary, but we are entitled to ask
them to reciprocate whatever
rights we give their businessmen
in our own country"
Speaking of what the United
States can afford" asked,
Americans are often giving for
eign countries advice on sound
fiscal and monetary policies, but
we are now running a deficit,
partly because of the foreign aid
and for other reasons. Can't the
Federal budget be reduced some
hoW?"
YES" the Secretary replied.
And without the sacrifice OF
essential services to the public.
With the tapering off of foreign
aid, the streamlining of Govern
ment operations and the unifica-
ton of the military services, the
Federal budget can be cut-as-
Stunning, of course, no major re-
cession or war" In his own de-
partment, citing one example
the Secretary has substantially
scaled down the extent of export
control operations. Such controls
as are now exercised are mainly
in furtherance of national Sc
curity and foreign policy.
Favors Private Enterprise =.
Secretary Sawyer is strong
believer in the private enterprise
system, and as a successful bust
nessman he has good reason to
be. mot only are businessmen
entitled to make a profit, but it is
perfectly clear that when they
stop making a profit our whole
economic structure will collapse.
There is no alternative except
complete Government ownership
and operation of business. I feel
strongly that anything which en-
dangers our business structure
endangers the country. We can
not afford not to maintain a pros
porous American business With
out mentioning any names, Mr..
Sawyer continued: It's just as
important to maintain the in
tegrity and strength of the busi-
ness structure as any other part
of the economy.
I'm an advocate of the private
enterprise system on the assump-
ton that we are not stupid enough
to think our present structure per-
feet. Time marches on, condi-
lions change. points of view are
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES should be
alert enough to recognize this.
They must realize that the private
enterprise system must serve all
of the people, and not few of
the people"
On monopoly and bigness in
business: Il don't think we have
the answers yet. It's hard to say
that there's anything wrong with
mere size. This is a big country
that develops big units. But we
must preserve small business and
see to it that it continues to have
a chance"
Since the Secretary's grass roots
travels began three months ago he
has noted some marked improve
ment in business conditions, in
places where, earlier. regional and
local business was falling behind
the national average. There are
still some soft spots but for the
(See SAWYER. Page C-5)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16
Commerce Secretary
Says Outlook
Is Good
By Herbert Bratter

After three months of talking
with businessmen. labor leaders,
bankers, Mayors, Governors and
others in many parts of the coun-
try I feel as confident now as I did
last December in the outlook for
business. The interesting thing
is, others now agree with me.
Fundamentally. conditions are per-
fectly sound. If strikes continue,
however, we'll be in a bad situa-
ton"
This is the opinion given the
writer by Secretary of Commerce
Charles Sawyer following his re-
turn to Washington after a per-
Sonal visit to the grass roots" of
business. 1t has long been custom
airy for important businessmen
visiting the Nations Capital to
call on the Secretary of Commerce.
But Mr.. Sawyer, himself success
full lawyer and businessman, is the
first Commerce Secretary to have
undertaken the ambitious program
of a systematic months-long tour
through every section of the coun-
try, making himself available to
businessmen large and small in
their own bailiWicks.
In his interview the Secretary
spoke of the influence of fear on
business. 1t is a matter of mass
psychology. Fears, even though
groundless, cannot be ignored"
Mr.. Sawyer explained. II can
illustrate with the strikes now 60
ing on and the strikes that are
talked about. The direct paralyz-
ing effect of strikes is clear to all.
Not every one realizes, however,
that the fear of strikes. especially
among the wage earners who will
be affected and the wives of wage
earners who will be affected, is a
serious depressant in connection
with their buying program. When
any large segment of the COM
munity stops buying it has a creep
ing effect upon all parts of the
community.
strangely enough, some feel
that the news about the atom
bomb has had a depressing effect.
This may or may not be true, but
the fact that it was suggested is
interesting"
Views on Devaluation
Devaluation of foreign cur
rencies since September 10 is still
another cause of fear in the bust
ness picture mentioned by the
Secretary. Although the over
all effects won't be felt for some
time. it disquiets people. They're
just afraid it will have some bad
Effects
will devaluation then really
stimulate imports into this coun-t
try and: so provide competition
for our own. producers at home?"
Mr.. Sawyer was asked.
That depends on how we'll
those countries which have de-
valued keep their prices down.
he replied. II don't look for an
importing of foreign manufac-
turers. Take automobiles, for in
stance. It's hard for me to see
how any automobile manufac-
turers in foreign countries can
even make a dent in the American
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

The British are proud of imagi-
native men like Winston Churchill.
But they consider such men useful
only in time of grave danger. such
as war. There is no doubt that if
another world conflict breaks out
while Mr.. Churchill is still alive he
will be brought back to power
within a few hours. But for what
the average Britisher considers
routine government-and anything
short of war is routine-unimagi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16

Either the potential buyer in the
United States finds a seller abroad
who can supply him with the
goods he needs, or the potential
seller abroad offers his goods to
whomever he thinks will buy them
in this country. The prospective
buyer must know who abroad sells
the commodity he wishes to buy.
Since buyers do not have extensive
foreign buying stats to develop
this information, the facilities of
the Intelligence and Services Di-
vision are frequently called upon
to supply it. Through it's trade
list" service, this division makes
lists available to any American
businessman, producers or sellers
of the commodity he wants in a
particular country. ~.
Has World Directory
These lists are regularly avail
able in approximately IS standard
classif1cations covering all the
countries of the trading world.
Listings are coded to indicate rela-
tive size of the foreign concerns
named, as well as other particulars
necessary for convenient use by
the American businessman. Peri
odicaHy re-examined and revised
by foreign service officers familiar
with local business operations in
foreign countries. no list presently
offered is more than two years old.
A corollary Of this service Is the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16
Brirain's Labor Regime
Lacking in Imagination
Believes Destruction of Capitalism |,
Essential for Eventual Welfare of
the British Working Classes
By Constantine Brown

LONDON (By ArmaiD-Whe there definite
improvement in the webeng of
Plan countries of Europe the British still
weand possibly pulling tight
they did during the
Yet Britain has received assistance both
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-10-16
New York Senate Race
Is Important to Truman
Victory for Lehman Considered Necessary
to Presidents Hope of Getting Fair Deal
Program Through Congress
By Gould Lincoln

Can the Truman stasm uggenaut be stopped slowed
down?
An this may the New York sem
aoral November Herbert Lehman
Democrat 100 for the Truman
Dulles Republican, opposed that pro-