davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-02-17
H. Merle Cochran Named
New Envoy 10 Pakistan

H. Merle Cochran. now Amer
lean representative on the United
Nations Commission for Indonesia,
was nominated by President Tru-
man today as Ambassador to
Pakistan.
He will succeed Paul H. Alling
first American envoy to Pakistan,
who died here January 16 after q
long illness.
The State Department said Mr.
Cochran will continue for the time
being his work on the U. N. COM
mission in Indonesia lin view of
the critical state" of the situation
there. He will assume his new
duties in Pakistan "as soon as
conditions in Indonesia warrant" "
Mr.. Cochran, a veteran of more
than 80 years in the career foreign
service, was born in Crawfords-
vile, Ind, July 6, 1892. He has
served previously in various for
eign service posts in France. Switz-
erland, Canada and Latin America.
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Sunny Day With Top Of 48
Seen; Freeze Due Toniqht

Washington's brief foretaste of
spring weather is over, for the
time being, according to the
Weather Bureau.
A return to freezing tempera-
lures is the prediction for tonight,
after a sunny day in which the
high mark was to be about 48.
For tomorrow, the forecaster
expected very pleasant weather"
but without today's wind.
Yesterdays high, following on
the heels of Tuesdays record
breaking IT, was a modest So at
1901 am. BY 9:40 pm. the mer-
curry had dropped to the days low
Of II.
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Dr.. Earl J. McGraih
OF Chicago U. Named
u. ). Education Chief
Nominated by Truman
As Commissioner to
Succeed Studeboker

President Truman today nom.
mated DR.. Earl James McGrath
professor of education at the Uni
versity of Chicago, to be United
States Commissioner of Educa-
ton. succeeding DR.. John w
Studebaker, who resigned last
June.
DR.. McGrath, a native of But
falo, N. Y, is widely known in the
field of education. During the
war. as a lieutenant commander
he directed the educational pro-
gram in the Navy in elementary
secondary and vocational subjects
which reached about 100000 men
and women.
Late in 1916 he was a member
of a 10-man mission to Germany
which surveyed the school system
in the American-occupied zone
and prepared report which
formed the basis for American
policy in the German schools
throughout the zone.
DR.. McGrath also served as a
member of the Presidents Com
mission on Higher Education
which made a survey nationally
and formulated recommendations
for meeting the educational needs
of the Nation.
Education Journal Editor.
Since DR.. McGrath graduated
from the University of Buffalo
two decades ago, he has held as
signments at the University OF
Buffalo, University of Minnesota
University of Iowa. and he also
served for awhile on the Amer
ican Council on Education.
In 1912 he was assistant chief
of the division OF training and
employment of the War Man.
power Commission.
Dr.. McGrath is a member of
several learned societies. is editor
of the Journal of General Educa-
ton and has written extensively
on educational topics.
Mrs. McGrath is the former
Dorothy Lemon, who for 10 years
edited the n,lhlicatio of the
American Council on Education.
DR.. Studebaker, in resigning the
$10,O00-a-year position, told Pres
ident Truman he could no longer
afford to remain in the Federal
Government"
A few, days later, DR.. Stude-
baker sent a 3.500-Word letter to
Gao N6cCpATu paoe A16)
Evening star., 1949-02-17
FILA 10 Permit Financing
On Current Cost Basis
By the Assoeioted Press

CHICAGO, Feb. 17.-A Federal
Housing Administration official
says that hereafter the loan
agency will permit financing of
new homes on a current cost
basis.
E. J. Kelly, Chicago district
FHA director, said the agency
has decided that I'VE cannot de-
termine what costs are transitory
This is highly revolutionary for
FHA."
Mr.. Kelly said that for loan
guarantee purposes. estimated
value hereafter will be identical
with present replacement cost.
About 100 builders and mort
gage bankers who heard Mr.
Kelly's remarks at meeting here
yesterday applauded. In the past
much home financing has been
refused approval by FILA on the
ground that construction costs
were higher than long range value
would warrant.
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Chaplin Quits Budapest
For Return 10 u. ).
BY the Associated Press

BUDAPEST, Hungary, Feb. IT,
American Minister Selden Chaplin
left Budapest by plane with his
wife today. Declared persona
non grata by the Hungarian gov
eminent, he has been called home
by the State Department for con-
Sultations.'
He has reservations booked on
the Queen Mary leaving Cher
bourg Saturday.
Mr. Chaplin. whose recall was
demanded by the Communist
dominated Hungarian government
because of alleged connections
with the case of Josef Cardinal
Mindszenty, was presented with
a silver plate bearing the sigma
ture of American Legation en-
ployes when he left.
A number Of diplomats from the
American, British, French. Italian,
Swiss, Dutch and Turkish Lega-
tions here came down to see
him off. No Hungarian govern
ment officials were present. how
ever.
During a brief stopover in vi
emma, Mr.. Chaplin said he well
coined his recall to the United
States because life behind the
iron curtain is no bed of roses. '
(He said he did not feel free to
make any general or profound
statement until after he confers at
the State Department. He did say,
however, that the recent state
ments by President Truman and
Secretary of State Acheson con-
cerning the Mindszenty trial had
had profound" effect in Hun
gary and had put the Hungarian
government ION the psychological
defensive.")
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Hoover Asks Congress to Take
Postal Service Out of Politics
Truman Again Names
Roy N. North to Be
Postmaster Here

President Truman today
renominated Roy NJ. North.
Deputy Third Assistant Post
master General. to be post
master of Washington, sue
ceeding Vincent c. Burke.
Mr.. North was first NOM
mated several months ago,
but the Republican, controlled
Senate of the 80th Congress
refused to confirm him.
His name was submitted to-
day in a list of more than 700
others. most of whom also had
been denied confirmation last
year.
Mr. North was named for
the postmastership here after
Mr.. Burke was appointed
First Assistant Postmaster
General.
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Cain Attacks Wa||gren Axis Sa||y's Defense
As Unified 10 Be Head Opens With Plea for
OF Resources Board Directed Verdict
Says Former Governor
Is Persona Non Groto' to
Him os Hearing Storts
BY the Associated Press


Senator Cain, Republican. of
Washington told the Senate
Armed Services Committee today
that Mon. C. Wallgren "conspicu-
ously lacks requirements demand
ed by the Job of Chairman of
the National Security Resources
Board.
Opposing the confirmation of
the former Governor of Washing
ton State for the S14,000-a-year
job. Senator Cain said Mr.. Wall
gren is persona non grata" to
him.
Mr.. Wallgren has been a close
friend of President Truman since
both served in the Senate. He
was beaten for reelection last
November while the State gen.
orally was going Democratic.
Reviews Personal History.
Senator Cain reminded the
committee that the chairman of
the Resources Board advises the
President on both defense and
domestic matters and is a men,
Der of the National Security Coun-
Gil which has direction over de-
fense organizations and the
Central Intelligence Agency.
1T shouldn't be necessary for
me to state that both jobs call
for an individual possessed of
great character. courage, capacity
and knowledge" Senator Cain
said. They ought to be jobs for
which the President would search
the land for a man big enough
to undertake the monumental re-
sponsibilities involved.
Senator Gain reviewed the NOM
inee's personal history in great
detail and asserted that since
1882 MI. Wallgren has prospered
in and through politics.
Magnuson to Back Wallgren.
He told the committee in con-
clusion: :.
"If there are those who think
him man of capacity and suited
by temperament and training for
the job in question let them come
forward. They have thus far been
conspicuous by their absence.
Il know scores of persons who
think we'll of him as a companion
at the pool table, in the banquet
room and when the fish runs high
These attributes make life more
livable but they don't save lives, or
determine world wide political and
economic policies, and they don't
prepare a nation to repel an in
yader or take victorious war to
the enemy
! Senator Mangnuson, Democrat
of Washington is expected to urge
that the committee recommend
confirmation.
/ Senator Cain reviewed Mr.
Wallgren's defeat in the last
election in which he said Presi-
dent Truman carried the state by
tsee WALLGREN, Page A-5)
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Truman AsksCongress
For Speedy Action on
White House Repairs
Expresses Grave Concern
In Plea for S., 100000
To Garry Out Work

, President Truman today asked
Congress for early action on an
appropriation of 100000 to re-
pair and modernize the White
House-a task which he said
would require a minimum of Is
to 18 months to complete.
The request for funds was con-
tanned in letter to the President
of the Senate. Along with the
letter, in which Mr.. Truman said
he was "gravely concerned with
what appeared to be unsafe con-
ditions," the President submitted
report from the Public Buildings
Administration explaining the
faults in detail.
MIR. Truman said 1T perhaps
would be more economical from
a purely financial standpoint to
raze the building and to rebuild
completely" but that if this were
done, there would be destroyed a
building of tremendous historical
significance in the growth OF the
Nation"
Plans Are Explained.
Explaining his interest in pre-
serving outstanding historical
structures, the President con-
tinued: The scope of the work
now proposed will not alter the
architectural or cultural features
of the mansion. The historic and
traditional symbolism of this ma
tional sign will be preserved to the
greatest degree consistent with the
modern materials and equipment
that necessarily must be incorpo-
rated in the project"
Mr.. Truman stressed the grave
question" concerning the safety
of the presidential household ana
White House visitors. raised by he
discovery of the structural weak
nesses in the mansion.
Il anticipate" he said. that the
amount requested will permit the
completion of the work recon-
mended in the engineering report.
I am even hopeful that the cost
will be somewhat less than is now
estimated. The cost is not the
most important consideration in
connection with this proposal. The
safety, not only of the President
and his family. but of the many
persons visiting the Executive
Mansion is involved. In the re-
moval of structural and fire
hazards, it would seem appropriate
to renovate and modernize the
interior-something that has been
delayed too long, but something
that will not have to be done again
for many years"
Requested to Be Studied.
The Presidents request for
funds will be handled primarily
by the Public Works Committees
of the Senate and House, who dis
cussed the matter with President
Truman yesterday.
Since the condition of the White
House was discovered, Mr.. Tru-
man and his family have been
occupying the Blair and the Blair
Lee Houses across PENNSYLVANIA
1see WHITE HOUSE, Page A-16)
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Business Decline
Is Just a 'Burp,'
| Economist Says
BY the Assoeioted Press

A Brookings Institution econ
omist told Congress today that
the business hesitation is just an
economic "burp," not a belly-ache.
He said it probably does not call
for force-feeding measures by the
Government.
= A. D. H. Kaplan, testified before
the Joint Economic Committee.
now weighing President Truman's
broad economic control program,
that desperate" Federal measures
may be more harmful than help
full.
Turning to the nursery for his
business analogy. Mr.. Kaplan OBJ
served:
II think the baby has been TAX
ing the bottle very fast since the
war. You can't keep crowding
milk into a baby. There is time
for letting the baby burp.'
Evening star., 1949-02-17
LouehIin Charges U. S.
Hos Failed to Support
Treason Indictments
By jones J. CulIinone

The defense of Mildred E. (AXis
Sally Gillars was launched in
District Court today with motion
for a directed verdict acquitting
her of charges of treason.
Chief Defense Counsel James j
Laughlin told Judge Edward NJ
Curran that the gray-haired de-
fendant should be acquitted be-
cause the Governments case
which closed yesterday, failed tc
support the eight overt acts OF
treason set forth in the indict-
ment.
When the Governments case is
stripped to its essentials. Mr.
Laughlin contended. it shows that
Miss Gillars voluntarily made
broadcasts over the German radio
in which she voiced anti-Roose-
welt, anti-Semitic and anti-Com
munist sentiments.
Roosevelt Opposition Cited.
But what she said did not con-
stitute treason" Mr.. Laughlin
said. Until the case of Lore
Haw-Haw in England and Doug
las Chandler in this country, il
was never contended that mere
words could constitute treason"
With colOrful Oratory, Mr.
Laughlin invoked the names OF
jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee
Aaron Burr, Sir Roger Easement
and Benedict Arnold, who has a
place in history alongside Judas
Iscariot.'
Being against President Roose-
velt could not be treason" Mr.
Loughlin asserted. There are
two schools of thought about
President Roosevelt. One holds
he was a patriot and a martyr
The other holds that he was the
greatest rogue in all history, the
greatest fraud and the greatest
imposter that ever lived"
Deplores Anti Semitic Stand.
Mr.. Laughlin said he deplored
the anti-Semitic sentiments voiced
by his client, but added:
Things have come to pretty
pass if person cannot make an
anti-Semitic speech without being
charged with treason"
Almost everything Miss Gillars
is accused of having said over the
German radio about Communism
has come true, Mr.. Laughlin said
Communism, he shouted, is a grave
threat to this country today.
Mr.. Laughlin had about dozen
law books stacked on the table in
front of him and he read from
them at great length.
Another Columnist Sued.
Shortly before the trial opened
today. Miss Gillars filed a damage
suit for 100000 against the New
York Daily News and Mrs. Ruth
Montgomery, it's Washington cor
respondent.
In the suit, Mr.. Laughlin. or
behalf of Miss Gillars, contended
(See AXIS SALLY. Page A-16D
Evening star., 1949-02-17
By J. A. O'Leory

The Senate Labor Committee
heard conflicting testimony today
from two branches of the auto
mobile industry over whether it
is feasible for management to deal
with foremen and supervisors as
an organized group.
The testimony came after the
Foremen's Association of America,
through it's president, Carl Brown,
urged repeal of the Taft-Hartley
law and return to the Wagner
Act. The Taft-Hartley Act al
lowed foremen to organize but
does not require management to
engage in collective bargaining
with them.
Harry F. Morton, industrial re-
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Partial Opening
Of Spy Trial Is
Forced by Clay
Defendant Is Named
By Army in Munich;
Gets 2O-Yeur Term
BY the Associoted Press

MUNICH, Germany. Feb. IT,
The United States Army, partially
lifting a heavy veil of secrecy from
spy trial, today publicly SEN
fenced Frontisek, Klecka. 31-year-
old waiter on the Orient Express.
to 20 years at hard labor.
The 8-man American military
commission, ordered by Gen. Lu-
cius D.. Clay to relax its secrecy,
made known the name of the first
defendant and invited the press
to hear the verdict-but it did not
reveal the specific charge against
Klecka.
Neither would it disclose any
details of the testimony taken in
the past two days behind locked
doors. The proceedings concern a
Czechoslovak spy ring case.
The Orient Express is famous
train which threads its way
through Central Europe and the
Balkans between France and
Turkey.
Klecka, a tall, slender man with
brown, Wavy hair and an intel
ligent appearance, seemed stunned
by the sentence. He had entered
the courtroom jauntilJ, toying
with locket picture of a pretty
brunette.
Nationality Kept Secret.
When Brig. Gen. John L. Nc
Kee announced the decision,
kleckas s lips tightened. Then he
spoke. In interpreter said Klecka
had said in Czech: II am not
guilty"
Gen. Mckee had refused to re-
veal Kleckas S nationality. The 20
persons arrested last November
on charges of spy for Czechoslo-
:akia were of several nationalities.
One other trial will be held in
secret. but the name of the de-
fendant and the verdict will be
announced.
When the Klecka trial began
yesterday, the commission hear
ing the case refused to say how
many persons were being tried,
would not reveal any names and
said even the verdict would not
be announced.
Gen. Clay last night began an
investigation to see if such super
secrecy really was necessary to
protect the security of the United
States.
Today's order to reveal the
names and verdicts was given by
Maj. Gen. Maxwell Taylor, chief
of staff Of Army Ground Forces
in Europe. 1t was to him that
Gen. Clay directed his request tor
full information on the trials
secrecy.
Order Given Commission.
Gen. Taylor's order to the COM
mission said:
With respect to the two cases
being tried by your commission
in closed session you are author
lied to reveal to the press the
names of the accused. You are
further authorized to announce
the findings and sentence in open
court. All other cases will be IN
open court unless otherwise di-
rected by this headquarters"
The precautions of secrecy had
(See TRIAL, Page A-16D
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Miss Truman Marks
18th Birthday Today
By the Associoted Press

NEW YORK, Feb. 1T.-Mrs
Harry S. Truman is in New York
to be with her daughter Mar-
garet on the latter's 25th BIRTH
day anniversary today.
Mrs. Truman arrived by train
last night and will return to
Washington tomorrow. President
Truman went to the station in
Washington to see his wife off.
Margaret is in New York pre-
pairing for q concert tour.
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Auto Industry Spokesman Differ
On BdradininQ for Foremen {
Koiser-Frozer in Favor, Ford Opposed
As Union Asks Return to Wagner Act

lations counsel for the Kaiser
Frazer Corp, told the committee
that dealing with unionized fore
men is not new to that company
and that Kaiser-Frazer will con-
tinue to negotiate with foremen
unless prohibited by law from
doing so.
William T. Gossett, vice presi-
dent and general counsel Of the
Ford Motor Co.. told the commit
tee that his company was "diSap-
pointed and disillusioned" by its
experience in dealing with organ
ized foremen for more than five
years between 1912 and 1947. Mr..
Gossett, who began testifying late
yesterday, said it is the conviction
(See LABOR, Page A-16D
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Bulgaria Moves
To Gust Foreign
Church Groups
Property Confiscotion
Provided in Bill for
Religious Freedom
by the Associotsd Press

SOF1A, bulgaria., req. Ill llc
Bulgarian Parliament received to-
day bill which would require all
foreign religious missions in Bull
garia to close within a month.
Their property would be con-
fiscated.
The measure, which declares that
call citizens of the Peoples Re-
public of Bulgaria are insured free
dom of conscience and religion"
was introduced by Foreign Min
lister Vassil Kolarov only a few
hours after the government an
nounced that February 25 has
been fixed for the trial of Is
Protestant leaders accused of
treason. espionage and black mar
ket money dealings.
Kolarov's proposal would bar non-
citizens from the clergy and church
Office and would give the Foreign
Minister control over any interna-
tional connections by clergymen
or church officers.
Church and State Separated.
The bill says the church is sep
arate from the state" 1t declares
the Orthodox church is the tradi-
tional religion of the Bulgarian
people, connected with Bulgaria S
history and in form. meaning and
spirit can be the only peoples
democratic church"
The bill also said the various
churches in Bulgaria can intro
duce uniform vestmentS for their
clergymen, but they are not oblig-
atory outside religious services.
The measure states that clergy
men and church officers, No
matter what cult" shall be Bul-
earian citizens who have not been
deprived of their rights by GRIM
inal law.
The bill provides that clergymen,
keeping up "canonical relations
abroad, cannot take over jobs be-
fore being confirmed by the
Foreign Minister"
New Missions Barred.
The measure says cults cannot
maintain connections with inSti-
tutions or organizations of official
persons headquartered abroad" or
receive aid, except with the per-
mission of the Foreign Minister.
Cults or missions with head
quarters in foreign lands cannot
open branches in Bulgaria, the bill
states.
The indictment of the Protest.
ant leaders was announced a week
ago, just after the trial in Hungary
of Josef Cardinal Mindszenty on
similar charges. Some if not all
have been under arrest for more
than a month on charges of spy
ing for Britain and the United
States.
The defendants are members of
the United Evangelical Church,
"iIISIj lllS1UOCO GIlC
Baptist, Congregational and
Pentecost denominations.
Four Are Prominent Leaders.
The four most prominent are
Vassil Ziapkov. head of the Con-
gregationalists; Yanko Ivanov, su-
pervisor of the Methodist churches
IN Bulgaria; Nikola Mihailov, head
of the Baptist. and Georgi Cher
nev, head of the Pentecosts. All
are members of the supreme coun-
Gil of the Evangelical churches.
The other II are clergymen
administering to Bulgaria S 5000
ProteStantS.
The indictment charged that
the accused had been in touch
with II British and American
church leaders and officials Who
were declared to be agents of
500 RJIT GAPTA pooe A161
Evening star., 1949-02-17

also that the post office, one OF
the worlds largest businesses, be
decentralized.
In the setup the commission
recommended there would be:
/. A director of posts under the
Postmaster General, appointed by
the President without term and
See HOOVER Page A-16D
Evening star., 1949-02-17

Continued on Page AS, Col. %
Evening star., 1949-02-17

tSee WALLGREN, Page AS
Evening star., 1949-02-17

See AXIS SALLY, Page A
Evening star., 1949-02-17

ASee McGRATH, Page
Evening star., 1949-02-17

(See HOOVER, Page Al
Evening star., 1949-02-17

Sunny, highest near 48 today. Clear
and colder tonight with lowest about 28 in
city and near 20 in the suburbs. Tomorrow.
cloudy, milder Full report on Page A-2D
Midnight, AZ 6 am. ---38 II am. Al
lam. -43 8 am. 81 Noon -----43
4am. Al 10 am. 40 l pm. As
Evening star., 1949-02-17
Guide for Read ers

An Associated Press Newspop
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1949-12-15

Colored oleomargarine, which went
on sale last Thursday throughout
Ohio as a result Of voter action at
the polls in early November, has
been moving rapidly over Buttons s
grocery counters for the last week.
One store owner said, however,
that he attributed much of the
movement to curiosity buyers" and
that an indication of the normal de-
mand for the colored product will
have to wait week or two.
Most of the colored oleo comes in
attractively packaged sizes ranging
from quarter-pound to two-pounds.
The price range generally is from 80
to Al cents pound for colored oleo,
with the uncolored variety selling
from 80 to 80 cents.
Oleo without color is continuing
on the grocer's shelves because of a
10-cent federal tax levied on each
pound of the colored product. But
whether hand or machine colored,
the coloring will be of the same type,
manufacturers announced.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1949-12-15

Mrs. Edward J. Marquart, of
Beaverdam, returned Wednesday
from New York City where she par
ticipated as one of group of 100
women in a baking contest in the
ballroom of the Waldorf Astoria
hotel the first of the week.
Mrs. Marquart won the trip as
one of 100 winners in nationwide
recipe contest conducted by Pills
bury mills which made her eligible
to compete for additional prizes in
the New York city contest. Altho
she was not among the winners in
New York, she described the trip as
the thrill of lifetime.
For her winning recipe, Mrs. Mar
quart is shown receiving a $500
check from Frank Z. Pierce, Pills
bury Mills branch manager, of
Cleveland.
She is one of two Northwestern
Ohio winners, and her winning reel
pc is for English cake.
In conjunction with the award, she
also will receive a G. E. Stratoline1