davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-06-07
Differs VIII Star Comparison
OF Relative Tax Burdens


OF Relative Tax Burdens
TO the Rditor Of The star;
Thank you for your reply to my inquiry
about The Star editorial OF May IL. which
included comparative figures described as
showing per capita general revenue from
all taxes Federal taxes not includedD In the
10 largest cities OF the country appre-
ciate your kindness In explaining that the
published figures actually related only TO tar
revenues Of the individual city governments
named and did not cover taxes OF State gov
ernments or Of other local governments over
lying the cities.
I believe other readers Of The Star would
appreciate the same eiarifcation Of the
published figures Therefore, should like
10 request that you publish this letter indi-
eating why your comparisons. as published,
are seriously subject to misinteTpretation.
washington. d. c.. Is unique. fts taxes
are the only non Federal taxes imposed
within. its area. Every ether large eiix 10
Evening star., 1949-06-07

IN q State wssch tmposex taxes ranx; ether
cities also hare cse-fyinK counties ana
many OF them have separate scAcA ess-
tyscis, park elstTictx sanitation elsiEscs esx
As reported by the Census Bareaa. Ira
national sserass Of az STATE and aoeAi
government iaxss in issT per capita vas
81. which wsn aeovv she raEnparsnle
SIS pei capita yoa showed fo< waaaInxton,
This despite tire well known tact thai gee i.
srnmental costs and tax burdens tend 10
run higher IN large cities hke ~Asalngso Ton
than in Ssnaller cities or rural areas which
also enter into the Nation w,de average
Or take another way Ae6 TO year
ngures for the II other cities thf CENSUS
Bureaus per capita amounts Of is<7 tsxes
of the States where those cities are loestec
believe you wiil And that the resulting
State-snd-rtty totals range from Sss pr
capita-whicn just equals your Washington
ngure-up 20 slss which IS mere Than ,waee
As great Yet these figures omit amounts
for noncity local governments also evyins
taxes within most Of these other ~ cities
In other words q comparison az taxes os
.lty governments alone such as you setusils
published on May Is, woaid apparently tn
dlcate a relatively high tax burden In wash
ington. The fairer comparison relating 10
all State and local taxes-whIeh your eoitc-
rial seemed to suggest was oeing offered
clearly lustines jua the opposite conclusion
THOMAS LEE SMITH
Editors note: The Star editorial TO
which Mr. Smith refers Ia subject 20
criticism in that II did not make II clear
that the comparisons Of municipal tax
burdens we're confined 10 city taxes and
did not include State or county taxes.
The comparison OF city taxes. however. il.
In The stars opinion. the apt eompari-
SON.
Evening star., 1949-06-07
Wants Action Ts Prevent Grimes
In Place a. Ticketing Carr

Wants Action Te Prevent Crimes
In Place u, Ticketing Can
TO the Kdtsr Of Ths Star
Az 4 resident of Washington for q number
OF years. am incensed 10 learn Of another
rapist-attack on q young woman In Rock
Creek Park. while her gentleman friend was
tied up at the point of 4 gun by the attacker
live In this very section where the attack
took place I never feel secure coming home,
day or night, and always have the added
expense Of q cab 10 bring me home OF night
II I am alone have been unable 10 md
a suitable apartment elsewhere for the rent
I can afford and thus must continue living
In this dangerous area. constantly In fear
OF my life.
Are the citizens of Washington going 10
continue keeping quiet again and again and
again7 What are the police doing. except
putting tickets on cars parked where they
shouldn't be- The Police Department seems
70 be far more interested In collecting hnss
for Illegal parking than in trying 70 save
innocent lives Have We become 10 com
plesely cailous as 10 permit these vile In
sane" attackers to continue their crfmes7
Nov that the Senate has passed the Home
Rule bill for the District Of Columbia, lets
see that something Ia done TO prevent tnee
terrible crimes.
The District WAS voted the sAfess large
city with the fewest uafne fhtAbNe&s NOW
admirable II u could head the list ~ the
city With the fewest crimes
A wAsHTNoToNIAN PoR II YEARS.
ImpressSsns ef ntesA Denees Center
And the Courtesy Prevailing There
re the E1sanr Of tbs star
This Ia an unsolicited testimonial 10 the
smooth ef1cieney and eoursey extended 20
tnose who come as blood donors 20 the Red
Cross Blood Bank at 1880 r street NV.
Everything possible seemed 10 hsse been
done for the comfort Of our group. The wait
ing room WAS coxy The chairs comfortable
and the music soft Preliminary histories
we're taken and tests mAde In . matter Of
minutes by teams Of doctors and nurses
working tosether. The men and vcnen in
cur group ts1ked and iaushed together wiasls
waiting our turns. An Attendant served
orange juice.
The nurses working On the donors wsT*
experts and the experience practically pain
less They used ncsocain- Later. eonee ano
xandwiehes we're served In the eantssn.
Mere donors are nseded 20 participate in
this community service. Anyone can drop IN
when convenient or can District soSz Tor m
appointment and tYansportstlon-
It's more blessed 20 give tran 10 receive
LESTER crTRoS.
Evening star., 1949-06-07
Medical Care Stressed Above
Such Luxuries ~ CaI and Televisiea Sets


Such Luxuries as Cau and Tslevisssa Sets
TIE the Ecitos Of Tns saar
Prompted by rms letter in The Star of
May 80. I asked the FRS, 10 doctors I spoke
with II 1t was their usual practice to charge
q registered nurse for their professional
services Oh most emphaticaiiy said No. "
and were even more definite that they never
had and never would charge RN. under
circumstances such ~ those described by
your correspondent. So n. N evidently had
the wrong doctors.
A breakdown In rms expenses resulting
from her illness and operation would be
interesting TO see. I'd like 70 know how
much she paid the hospital, how much she
paid the laboratory. and lastly how much
her doctors bill happened 10 be. That her
doctor was not completely heartless Ia evi-
denced by the fact that she says the hos
pital and laboratory bills wiped out their
savings and that she 10 still paying the
doctor q little each month. This shows that
the hospital and laboratory have been paid
In full-and promptly. but that the doctor
Ia willing TO have his bill paid more in &C
cordance with what the patient can afford
q little each month.
I. Of course. cannot say whether this ap-
plies to RN but my observation Is that
most persons who complain about paying
Tor me0Cal care nave NlrFislofl srtSs ta5e
and other luxuries that cost way beyond
what they can afford. A more. modest ex-
pendit,ire for such items as these certainly
would leave more money ~ budget for such
an. essential thins n me4leal care.
MARGARET @pw-ANpERSoN. -
Protest Endorsement. ~ sMsnAkh Program
By Insernes. MedieaIsrtsesnee cSnsentles
To the Es,tsr sfTn. sssr:ss& -
Representing the student Body Of the
Georgetown University School OF Medicine.
We protest the endorsement OF q prepaid
National Government sponsored compulsory
Health Program by the Association OF In
ternes and Medical Students At the ls4S
convention.
Our protest is based on two grounds: %
We feel that such a program will not be TO
the advantage OF the American people or OF
the Medical Profession: t2l We feel also that
the action does not represent even majority
opinion of medical students In the country.
The Association OF lnternes and Medical
Students should refrain therefore from ts-
pressing such O sentiment as being offieisl
national opinion and should, in the sake OF
honesty. seek q more representative opinion
on the matter before taking further action
ROBERT II. PARROTT. president. senior
class: VINCENT r. PENNISI. president.
Junior class: JOHN J. CANARY. presi-
dent, sophomore class; DANIEL c.
ROMEKA. president. freshman class.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09
Send q Kid to Camp

The Stars first page these days seems
to be devoted to one spy chase after
another. And the space unoccupied by
spies and rumors of spies Is grabbed up
by quarrels, battles, attacks-every form
of disagreement and discord known to
man. This is not The Stars fault. We
are Just reporting what is going on.
But 1t was pleasant relief nonetheless,
to find the nice story on Page yesterday
about sending the kids to summer camp.
The opportunity to help do that Is here
again. And it is one of the few oppor-
tunities that anybody can have that is url-
spoiled by pickering, feuding and tussing.
The members of the Democratic and Re-
publican congressional baseball teams
started the camp fund off in fine fashion
last Friday night, donating all the receipts
from sale of tickets. The Star Is appealing
to its readers to complete the fund rails
ing. Any amount will help. Seventeen
dollars will pick child off the streets and
put him in camp for a week. Twice that
amount will give him two weeks.
A lot of children have been made happy
in past years by the generosity of good
people. And this appeal to what is best
in people, coming this year in the midst OF
10 much quarreling and fighting, should
find like response. All contributions will
be gratefully acknowledged, on behalf Of
the youngsters, in the columns OF The
Star
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09
New Army Secretary

President Humans solution of the prob
lem of finding successor to former Secre-
tary of War Royal is good one. After
casting about vainly outside the Pentagon
for some one to fill the vacancy, Mr.. Tru-
man has decided to appoint the able young
man who has been acting Secretary of the
Army since Mr.. Royal left
Gordon Gray although only forty, has
demonstrated his fitness for promotion
during the sixteen months that he has
served the Army Department-first as
Assistant Secretary and later as Under
secretary. Rapid promotions have become
habit with him. Resigning from the
North Carolina Senate In 1912 to enlist
as a private In the Army, he rose to cor
poral, to "shavetail' lieutenant, to captain
of infantry with the Twelfth Army Group
overseas. He had been back in civilian
life, publishing his newspaper in Winston
Salem, North Carolina, less than two years
when he was called back to the Army as
civilian administrator.
The appointment will not be a popular
one in National Guard circles, for 1t was
Mr.. Gray. as chairman Of a special board,
who issued the controversial report recon-
mending liberalization of the Guard. The
report has many supporters outside the
ranks of the Guard. however. The recon-
mendations of the board were especially
well received in Army quarters.
In his handling of the Guard and other
problems Mr.. Gray has evidenced a fact
finding capacity and liking for hard
work that should make him valuable
member of Defense Secretary Johnson's
departmental triumvirate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09

have assumed that military questions we're
involved in the conflict between the COMM
form and Tito Confirmation comes now
from Col. Gen. Kocha Popovich. the young
10 000-word study Of guerrilla warfare. in
the latest issue of The Communist off,
cial organ Of the Yugoslav Communist Party.
The bulk OF the report is devoted 10 a
bitter and vigorous rebuttal Of the criticisms
leveled against the Yugoslav war record by
the Russian Communist Party. In the
course OF these comments. Gen. Popo-
vich makes q number OF significant illusions
to the military theories held by the two
sides.
Our army" he writes. is no longer what
it was during the war or even what II was
at the end Of the war. But il would be
wrong to think that the link between the
former (wartimel and the present armies
has been snapped. and that our entire mill
tary experience lin guerrilla warfare has
lost its value
Other people have been. and probably
will be again. in the same position that we
were in. In some respects. they might be
in the same position even before the war
breaks out. in the period Of peaceful occu-
patton. Therefore, our twartime) expert
ence is neither untimely nor out-o date"
Possible without Regular Army
And again, Concrete facts in YugoSlavia
have proved that partisan warfare In its
broader sense. is possible even now. under
the current general historic and concrete
political conditions. 1t is possible in Eu-
rope. under an occupation. and without the
support Of any regular army. etc.
More than that has been proved: That
the contemporary historic and political con-
ditions allow an incomparably greater scale
Of partisan warfare. with purposes and con-
sequences that are farther-reaching than
anything ever before achieved in history. It
must be assumed, however. that there is COM
prehension and exploitation Of existing pos
sibilties.
This proof. yielded by our four-year
struggle and It's outcome. is especially i'm
portant for the world revolutionary move
ment because among many Communist
parties there exist entirely contrary. opportu-
mist, defeatist. counterrevolutionary and
anti-Marxist tendencies and theories on the
impossibility of conducting guerrilla warfare
today as basic form Of instruction. ."
In another section Of his report. Gen.
Popovich declares: From the point of view
of the enslaved peoples as q whole, in their
present and future struggle against imperi-
alists one must not ignore the fact that
the struggle of the Yugoslav peoples proved
that. under certain favorable conditions. the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09
Caution: Masters at Work

John L. Lewis and Philip Murray are
experts in the use of the slurring adjective,
the venomous verb and the nasty noun as
equipment for public discourse upon con-
troversial subjects. So, when the two OF
them tangle in a battle of words, the by
stander may relax in awesome enjoyment
of masters at work.
Thus, Mr. Lewis embellishes the single
word agreed" by throwing in sinister
adverb-"secretly agreed" To him the
amendments repeatedly agreed upon for
the labor act are Oppressive amendments. s."
The Taft-Hartley Act becomes the "in-
famous Taft forced-labor act" What
would these amendments do to American
citizens? They would degrade American
citizens" Not merely degrade them, but
betray them. And not merely betray them,
either. Foul betrayal of American citi-
GEMS" says Mr.. Lewis. Senators are urged
to remove this shame from American life"
Some appropriately descriptive adjective
for shame seems to have been lost In
transmission. 1t should have been BLACK"
shame, or "hideous" shame, or even "un-
speakable" shame.
Mr.. Murrays response is not bad. But
I'm his phrases he lapses into cliches, thus
depriving them of some of the sharpness
associated with Mr.. Lewis rhetoric and
suggesting, instead, the blunt-instrument
technique. To Mr.. Murray, Mr.. Lewis
libel is, of course, false and malicious"
His words "do not merit the dignity of
reply" They are-you guessed it-"based
upon rumor rather than fact" The Wag-
ner Act, unspoiled by amendment, is This
great, Magma Charta of Labor" The pro-
posed amendments, naturally, are Grip
ping" Labor's rights are "basic," its OPP
position is "unalterable," It's principles
Fundamental" As for Mr.. Lewis SANDER,
It is irresponsible.
Shall we call 1t draw?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09
Orchestra Drive Successful

Every music lover in the washington
area must rejoice in the news that the
is4s-1950 sustaining fund of the National
Symphony Orchestra has reached its goal
of $4,000. Because of the success Of the
drive, launched in February, the city Is
assured Of the continued services OF its
most Important musical organization.
Much of the credit in the circumstances
is due to the generosity Of individual
friends of the orchestra. Frank r. Jelleff
certainly deserves the appreciation of the
whole community for his underwriting Of
the Water Gate concerts which in previous
years have been immensely popular. Other
contributors have made large gifts.
But what must be especially encouraging
to the members of the orchestra is the fact
that the total number of subscribers Is
more than 5000. About 1000 new names
have been added to the list of supporters.
Many business firms are included. and
here again there is reason for optimism
for the future.
All that the orchestra need do now Is
to justify the public's confidence in terms
of great music produced with artistry and
skill. There no longer Is any excuse for
believing that the Nations Capital cannot
or win not meet the costs Of q competent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09
No Place for Communists

1t Is hard to conceive OF group more
dedicated to the cause of academic freedom
than the commission which has just issued
a report on American Education and
International Tensions" The sound prin-
ciples laid down by this distinguished group
of educators will be rejected, Of course,
by Communists who seek to misuse ira
ditional academic freedom for propa-
gandistic purposes. But the prestige Of
the commission and the manifest obiectiv-
ity of its findings enhance the importance
of this valuable policy guide on the prob
lem OF communism in education.
The commission was commercially direct
and unequivocal In disposing of the much
debated question of the right" of schools
and colleges to have Communists on their
faculties. 1t declared bluntly that Com
muniSts should not be permitted to teach
It reached this conclusion because it was
convinced that members of the Communist
Party subscribe to doctrines that are
totally inconsistent with academic freedom
as Americans know 1t. These doctrines
require party members to submit to
discipline that tolerates no deviation from
the Marxist line of thought. There Is no
room for independent thinking under such
a system. AS DR.. Raymond B. Allen, presi-
dent of the University of Washington (who
was not commission member, COM
mented several months ago in defending
dismissal of several Communist professors,
a Communist is incompetent to teach the
truth" In short, Communist cannot
be a good teacher and a good teacher
cannot be a Communist.
But has communism any place in the
schools? The commission. which included
such men as General Eisenhower, presi-
dent of Columbia University and DR.. James
3. Conant, president of Harvard, answered
this question with equal candor and COM
mon sense. 1t believes that academic
freedom does require the teaching-as dis
tinguished from the preaching-of COM
munism. Here, again, objectivity is essen
tial. And this Is another reason why
Communists should be excluded from the
faculty 1t is asking too much of Com
munist to expect him to be objective about
the conspiracy .of which he is part.
Students should be taught to know what
are-for this knowledge should become one
Of the bulwarks of a free society.
One other recommendation was of type
that did not make headlines, but 1t was
an important one, nonetheless. The COM
mission urged that the schools, in order
to be properly objective, do not overlook
the teaching of Americanism. either. There
is no better way of combating communism
than by instructing children in the Amer
lean way of life. If this should mean a
return to the emphasis that once was
related subjects, so much the better. The
schools will have an unbalanced program
If they fail to stress the value of the
American heritage, while teaching about
other ways of life.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09

or carried OF into slavery7 Did pestilence
smallpox, for example-decimate them
as 1t did New England just prior TO the
arrival Of the Pilgrims in 1920? Or Is
there some other explanation Of the aban-
Comment Of the sites? Eventually these
queries may be answered, these problems
of Columbian America solved, along
with those of the mound-makers of the
Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. Meanwhile,
the Federal Government has been made
trustee Of the property as a national
monument Thus it is assured Of preserva-
ton, as 1t should be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09
First Apartment Houses

ArchaeologiSts have raised an interesting
question in the Valley of the Sun In
Arizona. They want to know who planned
and supervised the building of the so-called
Tonic ruins, "the only remaining evidence
of q people who more than six hundred
years ago wrested living from the sur
rounding mountains and desert and then,
after a century or so, mysteriously disap-
peared." Almost certainly one person,
probably a man but possibly a woman,
served rs architect of both of the two
surviving groups of dwellings, and he or
she was q genius of a sort.
In each case natural caves in the Super
stition Range were used as base. The
builder ingeniouSly fitted into the noun
tain side what well may be called the
earliest of American apartment houses. In
the higher project there still may be
counted about seventy-five rooms, some OF
them with three levels. The lower assembly
had fifteen ground floor rooms, many OF
which had upper stories. Materials en-
ployed were adobe and rock, plus juniper
poles of uniform size for rafters and
ladders. Mud ceilings were held together
with mattings of saguaro cactus ribs. and
yucca fibers. Heat and light were supplied
by Dit fires, and each room was provided
with hatchway not only for entrance and
egress but also to allow smoke to escape.
Safety-protection from enemies-was
the objective of the architect. The theory
of the archaeologists is that the inhabit-
ants of the two ruins were Salado Indians,
who fed from their settlements on the
Salt River before marauding foes. How
long they lived in their mountain retreats
is anybody's guess, but 1t is obvious that
they intended to stay considerable while.
Otherwise they certainly would not have
expended 30 much labor on the construc-
ton of their tenements. But larger, more
important question is: What became OF
them9 Were they attacked, defeated, slain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-06-09

II a. the start of her career May Paul
Bradshaw had wanted q specific directive
for her vocation, she might have found 1t
in Ciceros question: What greater or
better gift can We offer the republic than
to teach and instruct our YOUTH" The
benefaction which young people have had
from her hands in the past forty-eight
years has been a gift TO the whole COM
munity perhaps In a sense 70 the whole
Nation. She has symbolized an entire gen.
Grafton of devoted teachers. This perhaps
had something TO do with her appointment
as principal of Roosevelt High School in
1886.
But Miss Bradshaw's qualifications were
her own. She earned her promotions the
hard way-by merit. From Brent and
Towers Elementary Schools she advanced
to the old Business High, which eventually
became Roosevelt in tribute to the memory
of the first President of that name. Women
administrators were rare in the Washing
ton municipal picture in those days Many
citizens must have been skeptical when she
succeeded Allan Davis at the head Of one
of the biggest units In the local educa-
tional system. Yet they need not have
been troubled. Miss Bradshaw had been
well-prepared for her new task.
Looking back upon 1t now from the
vantage point Of thirteen years, there is
no cause for wonderment at her achieve
ment She loved her work, and in that
circumstance probably lies the best ex-
PLANTATION of the value Of what she has
done for Washington youth. Day in and
day out she went to her desk with pleasure
in the privilege of serving. AS teacher
she specialized in the humanities in prac-
teal application; as an executive she made
the most of her opportunities to put her
ideals into the living experience of boys
and girls. Now that she is retiring, Miss
Bradshaw justifiably might echo the
author of Ecclesiasticus, saying: Consider
that laboured not for myself only. but
for all them that seek learning" Her life
has been dedicated to the highest purposes,
and she herself and her native community
have abundant reason for being happy in
that fact.