davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-02-20

|cents). Copies in English. Russian
and French are to be published
later.
Differences between the penal
codes of Western nations and Cen
tral European countries were cited
by Ivan Boldizsar, a Foreign Min
istry spokesman, in handing out
the books. He said that. in Cen
tral Europe. 1t is the duty Of the
defendant to prove his innocence.
Testimony Held In Conflict.
Boldizsar read excerpts which
he said showed Cardinal Mind
szenty and the half dozen others
convicted with him offered con-
Trajectory testimony in answer
to prosecution statements. He
said: This proves that they tes-
titled freely and that no force
whatever was used against them. "
Monks at a Jesuit monastery
In Budapest said the Rev. 1mre
Moczy, a Jesuit priest who visited
the Vatican at the year end, was
arrested about January 10 and
was believed still interned. They
said letters which he brought
from Rome were taken from him
when he crossed the frontier.
Vatican sources said last week
that Father Moczy may have been
carrying a Letter from Pope Plus
XII to the bishops, condemning
the arrest of the cardinal and
urging Hungarian Catholics to be
courageous in defense Of the
cb,,rcb
Evening star., 1949-02-20
Cardinal
Continued From First Page.)

(COnt1nueQ from f1rSC Pdge.)
ket money dealings is still pend
ing.
The Bench of Bishops made a
profound study Of the letter at a
meeting in Budapest yesterday,
the informants said. but left for
their church residences in the
country without making a state
ment or offering any comment.
It was reported that some of the
bishops believe they cannot act
without Vatican authority. Others
were reported to have suggested
that Cardinal Mindszenty write
directly to the Holy See. 1t was
understood the cardinal will be in
formed of these viewpoints.
Before his arrest December
26, Cardinal Mindszenty was a
leader in the opposition to vari-
Gus government measures, in
cluding naturalization Of
church schools and the land
law revisions under which large
estates were appropriated for
the creation Of small holdings)
Offered to Retire.
Cardinal MindSzenty, after 40
days under arrest, testified at his
trial that his attitude toward
some things had changed and Of
fered to retire for a time in the
interests of a reconciliation.
In his final plea he besought
the love of the Roman Catholic
Church for Hungary and said:
May the Lord give widsom to the
court, when they pass their SEN
tence, which may help a settle
ment at home and abroad"
A delegation of the bishops
conferred with Premier Istyan
Dobi February /, before the trial
opened. and an announcement was
issued that the Bench of Bishops
docs not take up any position In
the case Of Josef Mindszenty and
leaves it to the discretion of the
Governmental sources checked
today were inclined. in comment.
to say only that their standpoint
was unchanged. The government.
1t was stated, would welcome
peaceful relations between church
and state provided the church
acknowledged 1t and its institu-
tions.
'Black Book" Issued.
Foreign newspaper correspond
ents were handed today copies Of
a 186-page BLACK book" contain
ing the governments record of the
cardinals trial. 1t supplements a
yellow book" issued before the
trial, which presented the indict-
ments and other documents.
The book was issued in Hun
garian. 1t was placed on public
sale for four forints (about 80
Evening star., 1949-02-20
4 Radio Script Winners
To See Truman Tomorrow

Four high school students, win
ners Of a national contest titled
Voice Of Democracy" are sched-
uled to meet President Truman
at the White House tomorrow at
1880 am.
The youths wrote the best flve-
minute radio scripts on II Speak
for Democracy" in a contest spon-
sored by the United States Junior
Chamber of Commerce, the Ma
tional Association of Broadcasters
and the Radio Manufacturers AS
sociation.
The winners are Richard Caves,
Everett, Ohio; Charles Kuralt,
Charlotte, N. c.; George Morgan,
jr., Hutchinson. Kans., and Ker-
ron Johnson. st. Paul, Mimi.
Evening star., 1949-02-20
|of spies for foreign intelligence

|of spies for foreign intelligence
services.
The newspapers Otechestven
Front and Izgrev said Mr.. Ziapkov
had made a written confession
that my first steps along the
road to espionage made in1932."
They then published lengthy
descriptions of spy activities which
they said he had confessed. These
described in detail the purported
transmission to foreigners of "eco-
nomic, military and state secrets" I"
Otechestven Front headlined its
article: How total espionage by
group Protestant pastors was Or
ganized." The Izgrev headline
said: Numerous nasty treacheries
committed toward motherland."
Eleven of the defendants are
clergymen. and four are laymen,
including Mr.. ziapkov.
Anglo-U. S. Links Charged.
The Is churchmen were indicted
on charges of treason, spying and
illegal deals in foreign currency
involving American and British
personageS.
The indictment said the Ameri-
cans and British included Cyril
Black, professor Of history at
Princeton and advisor to the
American delegation in the United
Nations Security Council Balkans
Commission; John Evarts Horner.
former American acting political
representative at Sofia; Louis Beck,
MIR. Horner's successor; D. j. Hut
Gibson Cockburn, director Of re-
construction and inter-church aid
of the World Council Of Churches;
Bishop Paul CARRIER. Methodist
bishop representing II European
countries. 1t described them as
organs of foreign intelligence and
representatives Of international
reaction"
Evening star., 1949-02-20
Protestant Leader
Confessed Spying,
Bu!qar Paper Says
~ the Associated Press

SOFIA. Bulgaria, Feb. ia
purported confession by one Of 1s
Protestant leaders accused OF
treason, published here today. de-
scirbes the group as spies for Bri-
tain and the United States.
Two Sofia newspapers quoted
Vassil Ziapkov, one of the defend
ants. as testifying in a prelimin-
ary investigation:
1--WE betrayed our motherland,
we revealed her secrets before
enemies"
The newspapers said Ziapkov
identified himself as holding a
most important and responsible
position in the high United Evan
gelical Church Council of Bull
garia.
Il was the link between the
Anglo-Americans and the high
council" they quoted him.
Il received espionage informa-
ton from my colleagues and
transmitted same"
(Western Protestant church,
men have denounced the ar
rest Of the churchmen as re-
ugious persecution. The World
Council Of Churches at Geneva
protested that there was no
basis for the charges, and that
its representatives in Bull
garia only sought to help the
people)
Bill Ponds in Parliament.
A bill which would close all
foreign religious orders, missions
and congregations in Bulgaria is
pending in Parliament. The
measure, introduced by Foreign
Minister Vassil Kolarov, seeks to
declare the Greek Orthodox
church the "only peoples demo-
cratic church" in this Communist
AVA SOAA4U1ys
(The church census Of 1894
listed 1871 Protestants in Bull
garia, compared to 100000
members Of the Greek Ortho-
dox church. The outline of
charges against the Bulgarian
group was similar in many re-
spects to the charges the Com
munist government of Hungary
preferred against the Roman
Catholic primate, Josef Car
dinal Mindszenty)
The trial of the Is accused Is
scheduled to start February Is.
All are members of the United
Evangelical Churches, which en-
brace the Methodist, Baptist,
Congregational and Pentecost de-
nominations.
Accused as Spy Leader.
Mr.. Ziapkov, head Of the Con-
gregationalists, was accused in
the indictment of being a leader
Evening star., 1949-02-20
Communism Appears
To Be Waning Among
Workers in France
BY the Asseeiotsd Press

PARIS, Feb. 19.-CommuniSn
appears to be on the wane among
French workers. The Communist
led General Confederation Of La
Dor, however, is still the strongest
trade union in France.
Union membership figures OBJ
tanned today from sources close
to the Interior Ministry. show the
General Confederation Of Labor
(CGT) has signed up only 2,500.-
900 persons this year, against a
total of 6,400,000 in 1946.
The 1949 total may rise some
what. French labor unions habit
ually devote the months Of Jan
uary and February to renewing
their memberships. They have
nine days to 60.
The latest reliable figures put
labor union strength this way:
CGT-2.500.0o0.
The non Communist workers
force Qed by Socialists)-1,4 AGO.
900.
The non-Communist Christian
Federation 0ed by Catholics)-
100000.
The Independent foremen's and
Engineers Union-130,000.
Many Join Non-Red Unions.
Many Of the workers lost by the
CGT have gone into non-Com-
munist unions. Some, estimated
at 100000, simply have dropped
out.
The Communists are still strong
in the coal mines and ports. Their
biggest losses have been among
building trades, metal workers,
railroad men and government en-
ployes. This has blunted the par
tvs strongest weapon, the strike.
With living conditions improv-
ing. strike talk is noticeably alb
sent in France these days. OBJ
servers agree. however, that many
nonunion workers would go along
in a Communist-called strike If
they believed they would profit
from 1t.
They attribute part of the
CGT's losses to French workers
disapproval Of it's political activi-
ties and to the failure of the two
big strike drives in 1947 and 1948.
While the Communists coupled
these strikes with wage demands,
they also declared they were aimed
at bringing down the French gov
ernment and at thwarting Mar
shall Plan aid to Europe.
Food More Plentiful.
Life now Is getting a little
easier in France. Food is more
plentiful and, for the moment,
getting cheaper.
The Communist defeat on the
labor front has been accompanied
by quiet purge of labor leaders.
Regional chiefs, judged to have
been too soft" in last falls bloody
coal mine strike, have been re-
placed by militant Communists
who are more fervent for 1.-The
battle against the Marshallization
OF France" as the Communists
term the European Recovery Pro-
gram.
The names don't mean much
abroad. But a M. Thiebauit, head
OF the miners federation in the
Lens area in Northern France, has
been ousted. So has M. Brenot,
one Of the chiefs for the Paris
area, where Communists workers
have dropped from 100000 in
1946 to 100000.
The list is a long one.
Evening star., 1949-02-20
FOUND.

COLLIE DOG, brown and white, on Mt
Vernon Memorial blvd, below Alex, prob
e6ly hit by car. Cali ANIMAL WELFARE
LEAGUE Alex. S09A
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30

leading to jurisdictional disputes
could be removed" he declared.
Every step taken in our
movement to adjust jurisdic-
tional disputes must be encour-
aged. The energies expended
in a serious jurisdictional dis
pute, if applied to organizing
the unorganized, would bring
outstanding returns"
Menace To World Peace
Frey termed Moscow's agrees
sion "the greatest menace to
world peace and the outstand-
ing obstacle to economic recov-
cry in the Allied countries" but
he declared that Russian Com
munism has reached its high
tide" and from now on is likely
to recede.
He hailed the formation of a
new international of free trade
unions as serious blow to the
Communist movement and to the
dominated World Fedora
ito of Trade Unions.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30

/
making the discovery that labor
relations, even where national
emergency is involved, can be
carried on without either injunc-
ton or seizure. He made the dis
covery, l didn't. He wrote the
editorial, / didn't.
l have known for a good many
years that the working man has
as much right to contend for the
best shake he can get for him
self as has his employer. Even If
you worship at the altar of the
great god of property, which /
don't b ythe way, you have to
accept that as truth if you are
going to be honest with yourself.
This is because the working
mans skill is just as much his
property as the factory in which
he works is the property of his
employer. He has made an in
vestment in that property, as
great or greater in proportion, as
has the investor in the business
for which he works.
For instance, let's take the
case of Mr.. Editor, himself. He
probably had to sacrifice great
deal to obtain his education.
Then he had to work, probably,
as a cub reporter. And I'll bet he
didn't get million dollars year
for it, either He probably then
Continued on Page Two
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30
S249Added To
Summer Camp
Fund Now Posses
$4,000 FIGURE

The 1949 season fund for the
Local IL Summer Camp sched-
uled to end on Sept. 80 was
boosted by over $500 this week
to up the total towards the $780,
900 to $37,271.68 it was report
ed by Howard Rediger, director
of the drive.
Donations were from Laurel
c. Worman who gave $50 and an
equal sum of $50 was given by
j. H. Nuffer, President of Air
way. A. Schlett of Acme Special
ty donated $25 and the same
amount was received from Cloid
Lichty, a Region 2-B Internal
ional Representative.
Refunds from Ohio State sales
tax amounted to S36.76 and the
free will collections in shops
added $62.34 for the week total
of $249.10.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30
Hundreds Of
Youngsters At
Free Show
Movies Scheduled
For Every Saturday
At Local IL Hall

Hundreds of boys and girls
took advantage of the free NOV
les last Saturday. at the Local IL
Hail.. Stanley Helminiak, direct
or of the movie theatre indicat-
ed that afternoon shows may be
added. He based it on the large
attendance for the first show,
stressing that the shows will be
as popular as last season.
In addition to the shows, free
to all boys and girls, there was
free candy and prizes.
The theatre has solved the
baby sitting problem for many
parents who bring the youngster
to the show knowing where he or
she will be for two hours while
the shopping tour is in progress,
he said.
The show begins promptly on
Saturday mornings at 10 am.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30
Regional
Views
By Richard Gosser, Vice President
international UAW-CIO

In my today would like your attention
Article Universal Declaration Rights adopted
by the United Nations General Assembly Paris December 10
948 Everyone has the right to standard of living adequate
the health being of himself family including
food clothing housing and medical and social
services the right security the of unemployment
Sickness disability widowhood old other lack of livelihood
in circumstances beyond his control
my opinion article exactly my sentiments and
you Brothers Sisters without work
enjoying unemployment able
the of life However order to decrease the number
of people without work think there something important
than unemployment and that adequate pension
plan for all
You older fellows will really appreciate what mean by
Truthfully they benefit by adequate
much the odster If they would only realize that
when the people security their old they
will be than glad to sit in comfortable rocker fshng
in their way rather than
back forth each The
vacancies created their retirement will have to be filled and
younger people would Toledo
thousand people would be eligible
retirement such plan put into effect and they cared
take advantage of it. This to thinking is something
worth fighting for think each of should
lyze this thoroughly you with the
do-adequae pensions for all the sixty
Finally after weeks OF negotiations, we are very happy 10
workers of America that the Ford Motor Car
Company concedg the American workers the pension plan
looking forward to for long period of time
90 per month
certainly foundation the real thing and
the last pull to at the right figure
big enough create thS will be big enough 10
set a the right figure
l hope all will work untrngly on this accomplishment This
should all of who would not believe would get
plan that being united having solidarity in
best way get the social gains of life
ALL young and old alike make up minds after this
accomplishment that oyae only
together fight together elect liberals various legsa
houses federal this be brought the high
5000 per Your will accomplish this for
will only help.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30


In a report to the dele
gates, Frey insisted n at a
major weakness of the eco
nomy is the fact that workers
have received an economically
unsound share of the national
wealth created"
Profits UP 302 Per Cent
He submitted figures under
lining his contention: From 1889
to 1948, corporate profits, after
taxes, shot up 302 per cent; in
come of unincorporated bust
nesSes, 317 per cent; income of
farm operators, 304 per cent.
BY contrast, average hourly
earnings of workers rose only
107 per cent in that period, Frey
said.
The Metal Trades leader also
for stronger machinery
to settle jurisdictional disputes.
THE trade union structure in
which we live would be more
effective in advancing labor's in
terests if some of the conditions
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30

Ford Motor Company on the
S100 a month pension pro-
gram which may be set as a
pattern in the Auto Industry.
! The Council members will un-
doubtedly vote their approval
and then will be passed on to
each of the locals for ratification
by the membership.
108 Days OF Negotiations
The agreement climaxed 108
days of negotiations with union
and company officials redoubling
efforts in a final 35-hour session
to reach an agreement before the
1901 am. deadline on Thursday
to avert a scheduled strike if no
agreement was arrived at.
The contract which will be eff
fective Oct. l and signed for a
unprecedented 212 year term
calls for the Ford Company to
pay ga cents hourly toward pen
sions, plus improvements for the
in-effect insurance plan and
medical program.
The Main Points
/. Pensions to Ford workers of
S100 month including social
security benefits to those who
wish to retire at age of 65 with
80 years or more service.
2. The pension program costs
will be borne by the company.
3. 1t will be compulsory for
workers reaching age of SO to
retire with a cushioning period
provided for workers reaching
the 68 year mark. Those reaching
the retirement age but not being
employed for 80 years are being
provided with a plan containing
graduated scale benefits.
f. Benefits payments estimated
at 5000 eligible employees will
begin April / with the pension
program in effect on March l.
5. The contribution from the
company towards the fund is
estimated at 854 cents per en-
ployee
s. If benefits on social security
increase the company's contribu-
ton to the fund will decrease.
7. The pension program agree
ment is for five years not subject
to further negotiations by either
side until March l, 1855.
8. Employees having reached
so years of age may retire with
reduced benefits and on the ap-
proval of the company.
9. Workers not having the nee
essary length of service after
reaching age 65 viii receive pro-
portionately lower benefits.
10. Employees with 30 years of
service who retire due to total
disability at SIS years of age will
receive a retirement benefit of
$50 month.
IL. A union-company commit
tee will be established to decide
on qualifications of employees
desiring pension benefits.
IL. A striking point is for en-
ployees who left the company
since July Is. 1949. If they had
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30

been eligible had the pension
program been in effect at the
time they left the Ford Company
they still will receive benefits as
of April.
13. The company will have the
right to appoint bank or trust
company as trustee to handle the
pension fund.
IA. Past service will be based
upon seniority, except seniority
credited for military service
prior to employment by the COM
pany Future service will be de-
termined on the following basis:
One year for each calendar year
in which an employee receives
pay for 1900 or more hours; "a
of a year for 300 to 1,799 hours;
Il of a year for $50 to 1929
hours and no credit for any year
in which the employee works
less than $50 hours.
Is. The union has agreed that
practices prevailing in the steel
industry relative to payment of
overtime are to be applied in the
company's steel operations no
later than March /.
About 5000 Ford employees
will be eligible for retirement
next April under a cushion"
program which will go into eff
feet then, Reuther estimated. He
said nearly $4,000 Ford en-
ployees are so or over.
The Ford Local UAV also
made sweeping improvements on
seniority, probationary period,
transfers, temporary assignment
representations and production
standards.
The new contract will be eff
fective on the pension program,
wage rates and working condi-
tions as soon as it is ratified by
the membership.
A new gain under the insur-
ance and medical plan provides
a benefit of up to 81 for each
day of hospital confinement or a
of $3.50 for 20 days.
"Chrysler is next" Reuther
drive for pensions at that COM
pany also. The Chrysler talks
said, referring to the unions
are continuing and the union is
strike action, if nee
esSary, to bring Chrysler into
line with the Ford settlement.
None of the big steel compan-
les has as yet accepted the steel
panels recommendations and a
strike is threatened at midnight
Friday by CIO President Philip
United Steel Workers
(USW- -CIO).
"The Ford agreement with the
UAW," Reuther said, points the
way in the steel industry where
hey are. resisting the principle
at Ford-that pen
sion should be entirely company
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30
Teachers Fight
'Subversive' Law

NEW YORK (LP) - The New
York Teachers Union-CIO is
challenging the constitutionality
of the state law which bars Sub
versive" persons from public
school jobs in New York. Lee
Pressman, lawyer for the union,
said he will file suit in the State
Supreme Court soon attacking
the Feinberg Law as unconsti-
tutional.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30
No Sfrikebreoker
They

ANN ARBOR, Mich. CLPA)-
Monkeys are the funniest people,
but chipmunks have more sense.
They're organized, and how.
When they forage in the forest
for nuts, each chipmunk works
only his territory. If he strays,
the union committee smacks him
down. So says Harold E. Broad
brooks, University of Michigan
researcher, who found all this
out by observing the habits of
557 chipmunks. He never got to
observe a union meeting, how
ever.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30

majority of union workers with
out a work stoppage. He said
that the medical and insurance
program in this area is consider
ed as a must because it has
proven that under present cir
cumstances it is inadequate to
take care of necessary needs of
the workers and their families.
1t is our goal, he said, to gain
for the workers a proper medical
and insurance program plus pen
sions for those who have faith
fully fulfilled their duties as
workingmen for the corpora
ions,
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30

lists, however, that other local
groups may be legally required
to file similar reports.
Ohio newspapers, which ira
ditionally spread PAC political
spending reports all over page
one, gave the Taft expense re-
port the silent treatment.
1t reported only the expendi-
lures of the Central Committee,
withheld all information about
contributors, buried the story
alongside the classified ads and
used misleading headlines.
Taft's latest political maneuv-
er and who was footing the bill
wasn't con d cred news by
)hio's daily newspapers.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30
Its The
Real Thing"

NEW YORK (LPA)-Assert-
ing that "this time, it's the real
thing" Business Week magazine
this week warns that "labor's
present political effort has come
to be worth taking very serious
ly indeed" The businessmens S
magazine features, on its cover,
picture of CIO-PAC Director
Jack Kroll and LLPE-AFL Di-
rector Joseph keenan,, hands
clasped, before a map of US po-
litical subdivisions.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-09-30
Time For
Plain Talk
BY Tom Burke

Mr.. Editor of the Toledo Times
has done it again. l knew he
would. He even disagrees with
me when l agree with him. You
remember in my last article |