davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

II the statement filel 70.
Gently with the Senate Labor
and Public Welfare Committee
by Clarence Mitchell. Labor
Secretary Of the National AZ.
sociation for the Advance
ment Of Colored People on
behalf Of the organization ls
correctly interpreted. the
NAACP fsvors repeal of the
Taft-Hartley Act, which Il
opposed in l947. and reen.
actment of the Wagner Act
Mr.. Mitchell reiterated tesl.
imony he gave at the time
the Taft Hartley bill was un.
der consideration in l947 10
the effect that abolition Of
the closed shop" will NOT
cut down Discrimination
against any minority group
although CLOSED shop" agree.
ments in certain industries
have frustrated colored lob
applicants because Of Genial
Of membership by some
unions. II is his contention
that the correction Of such
discriminatory practices lies
in enactment Of fair employ.
ment practice legislation.
Mr.. Mitchell. therefore
would permit the closed shop
but would make a union in.
eligible for certification as
the collective bargaining agent
OF employees OF an appropri-
ate unit. il the union denied
membership to colored work
ers or restricted them 10 sep
arate locals.
He also proposed that an
amendment be written into
the Thomas bill containing a
provision that no closed shop
agreement shall justify an
employers Subsequent" dis.
charge OF. or refusal TO hire.
sny employee who has been
denied membership in a union
or REQUIRED to join a Jim
Grow local
These proposals appear 10
be inadequate to protect the
right to work Of Negroes.
There ought not to be any
compromise on the issue Of
the closed shop so long as
there is a single labor organ.
ization which denies member
ship TO colored persons sole
" because Of race or color,
or which restricts them TO
separate locals and gives
them no voice In the Sclec-
tion OF a bargaining repre-
sentative. There is no exped-
iencv which justifies such q
COMPROMISE
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

That sounds a little rough.
Joe. but every once in a
while you get fed up right
up to here.
The veterans organizations
sponsoring the conference call
themselves the Joint Vet
erans Council for American
ism" They are the American
Legion. the Veterans OF For
eign Wars. the Disabled Amer
lean Veterans, the Army and
Navy Union. the Catholic
War Veterans. the Americans
Veterans Of World War II.
and the Military Order Of the
Purple Heart
The aim Of the conference
sounds good This country
needs Americanism. The things
they said at the conference
also sounded good. They
preached equal rights for all
that is badly needed in this
country. But il was the past
history OF most OF the or
ganizations represented At the
conference which causes one
10 say that they stick about
as much to the principles OF
Americanism as a prostitute
sticks 10 one true love.
Charity begins AZ home
and civil rights and Ameri-
canism should start al the
same place. Yet you do not
have TO 60 further than the
door Of most Of the organiza-
tions represented at the con-
ference 20 find them flag
rantly violating the civil
rights OF the men who died
and lived side BY side with
them in the war just passed.
Take the American Legion.
(No. YOU take il. Joe) Here
in New York the Legion will
admit colored veterans with
out discrimination. but how
about in Alabama or Georgia.
Sure. the Legion boys who
attended the conference at
Freedom House may be all
square on the race question
but they are still members OF
the American Legion and as
long as they remain q part
Of an organization which
breaches equality in New York
and segregation and even out
right exclusion in Dixie they
sound like prostitutes speak
ing OF love.
In some places in the South
colored veterans can't even
join the American Legion
and in other places. when
they do Join. they must join
Jim Crow chapters and fall
IN Al the tail end Of the an
nusl parade.
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

.csllv denied iabor's charge
that the recent anti labor leg
islsiion started a period Of
slavery The Law Department
% the National Association "
Manufacturers, co mmentinG
on the Taft Hartley Act.
pointed out. cts content and
antci Psted effects have been
grossly exs ggerated. distorted.
and frequently misrepresent-
ed
This tragic discrepancy be-
tween me feelings OF the
masses OF American workers.
he beliefs of industry and
the deeds Of the majority Of
the members OF Congress and
numerous State legislatures is
al zoo representative OF the
unsatisfactory. II not critical.
atmosphere prevailing in our
present-day industrial rela-
tons
The plain fact is that after
the united American people
gained The victory IN the
greatest wax Of ali times they
are as cisunited on the in
dustFisl scene as ever before.
IN spite % all the high ex-
pectations that the end Of
World War II would fulfill
mans eternal desire 20 live
In peace Justice and security
Thus this seems an appro-
pr ate time 20 attempt ana
wing effectively and i'm
psrtially. he deplorable exist
ing situation and finding ctit.
without bias. who was ~ fault
In bringing 4 about and what
can aud should be done TO
remedy i.
Now that the previous por-
tions Of this series has brought
20 mind the function and re-
sponsibilities OF both factions.
labor and management. and
some consideration has been
shown 70 the two major labor
laws existent in the country
today. the reader will. per-
hsps. be better able 10 nudge
these problems for himself
and follow through the rea-
soning presented in both prob
lem and solution.
ITO Be Continuedl
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

The Wagner Act permitted
an employer in unqualified
terms to make an agreement
requiring membership in the
union with which the agree
meut was made as a con-
dition Of employment. Under
1t an employer agreed to hire
only persons who already be-
longed to the contracting
union or TO give preference
10 members OF the contract
ing union in the matter OF
hiring.
Under the Taft-Hartley Act,
the closed shop was outlawed.
The Taft-Hartley Act, how
ever, permits the union
shop" An employer is per-
mitted 10 make agreements re-
quiring membership In a
union as a condition Of en-
ployment applicable to en-
ployees in a given bargaining
unit thirty days after an en-
plovee is hired.
But such an agreement
must first be authorized by
an election conducted by the
National Labor Relations
. Board. in which at least a
majority OF the employees in
the unit voted in favor OF
such agreement.
The Taft Hartley Act makes
II an unfair labor practice for
an employer TO discharge an
employee under a compulsory
membership clause If he has
reasonable grounds for believ-
ing Cd that membership was
not available to the employee
on equal terms with other
members. or (2) that mem
bership in the union was ter
minated for reasons other
than non-payment Of regular
dues and initiation fees.
II also makes il an unfair
labor practice for q labor or
ganization TO persuade OF at
tempt TO persuade an en-
ployer to discriminate against
an employee except for those
two reasons. or the employee
has engaged in dual union"
activity
The bill TO repeal the Taft
Hartley Act and re-enact the
Wagner Act would not only
repeal the prohibition against
the closed shop but would
make imperative State sta
tutes which absolutely pro-
hibit discrimination in en-
plovment on the basis OF union
membership. whose constitu-
tionalitv the United States
Supreme Court has upheld.
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

Possibly the New York Le-
gion will argue that II has
protested this and has sought
TO correct il. To that argu.
ment, if raised. the reply IS
If the Legion cannot purge
itself. who can do the lob.
And il might be added that
the doorwsys leading out OK
Legion Halls are never crowd.
ed with those who are quit
ting the organization because
OF its Jim Crow policies.
Take the Veterans Of For
eign Wars (you take them 100,
Joe). It's the same situation.
In the north in places like
New York. the VFW will let
the colored veteran in the
front door. but in the South.
though there is no law which
says he cannot be a member,
the VFW puts him in jim
Crow unit il it admits him at
all.
The same goes for the Dis
abled Veterans uf America.
It's q shame but no matter
how Millard Rice in Wash
ington. D. c.. shouts. the prac-
tice Is one which cannot help
but make any decent Ameri-
can choke up in shame,
In some places in the South.
the DAV will not permit
colored veterans TO join the
local white chapter but urges
him 20 Start one Of his own
group. II he cannot do this
Il will permit him TO be a
member at large in its ma
tional chapter. thus giving
him membership but denvlns
him the comradeship which
he seeks. which is about all
any veteran organization OF
fers a man these days.
The AMvETs is a World
War II outfit. II started out
strong and once adhered 70
democratic principles, but
when il started out on
southern membership cam
paign II didn't have the CUTS
10 stand up 20 the southern
white veteran and say he
would either accept his col
ored comrade in arms on an
equal basis or he couldn't
start an AMVET chapter 10
his home town. The result
Jim Grow colored chapters
The Military Order Of me
Purple Heart fought the "a
Department almost TO a stand,
still trying 10 keep colorea,
men out ~ a parade which u
STAGED IN Washington.
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26
There Is Enough

vine Love is an ever-preSent help,
and II YOU wait, never doubling
you will have all you need every
moment. What a glorious inher-
itance is given 10 US through the
understanding OF omnipreSeni
Love! More we cannot ask: more
We do not want. more we cannot
have. This sweet assurance is the
Peace. be stir to all human fears.
10 suffering Of every sort"
As the reelection OF God, man re-
fleets that which God includes,
namely, all good. Man. then. can
never lack. II to mortal sense
there seem to be poverty, limita-
tion, lack, one has only TO awaken
10 his true Selfhood. hrs spiritual
status as the son Of Cod. TO prove
null and void a material law that
dec-eeS wantNnd woe for any OF
Gods children. God. the creator
OF man, has created all things
needful 10 maintain and sustain
His creation. His supply exists ss
spiritual ideas. never fluctuaiing
or wavering. but forever the
same. -.
0mnipreSent Love is indeed
enough. Loves supply is never in
adequate, never curtailed. never
withheld. II comes as spiritual
ideas which mortals can never
disorganize or control 10 selfish
ends. CeaseleSsly from God to man
ilows His unceaSing goodness. sup
plying generously. grsciously. and
lovingly the need OF every mo-
CArisfiaa Science Non-
ifo~
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

This prize-wnning but lit
tle-known novel tells the story
OF southern white girl whose
racial prejudices are slowly
and painfully dissolved by
the experiences Of teaching at
= Negro college.
Tan Ballsntine. president Of
Bantam Books. reported that
he put his 25c edition on sale
on Jan. u, and within ten
DAYS SO per cent Of the 236. 090
copies placed on the news
stands were sold The Irst
printing was entirely sold out
by Feb. l2." he stated.
Ballsntine declared. Per
sonally. besides being SUR
prised AZ this record. I'm
pleased and heartened TO find
that q novel OF this kind has
such large audience"
~ WINNER
The Other Room won the
Southern Authors Award for
the best book written in l947
BY southern author on q
southern subject. and the An
isfield-Wold award for the
best treatment Of q racial is-
sue. And now we conf
IDENTIFY expect that IL VIII
be awarded the attention 81
st least 1000 900 readers IN
the first six months Of this
YEAR
This phenomenal record Of
public interest IN q good book
about an important problem
should certainly give the lie
20 those people In publishing
and other fields who hold
that the American people are
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

interested only in froth and
VIII stay away from important
books on important topics.
The spontaneous interest
the people showed in this
book proves TO me that In
teresi in racial problems 10
not confined 10 Washington
alone.
On the basis Of the recep-
tion given the book the pub
fishers have decided 10 do a
second printing OF the book
which will bring the total
number Of quarter reprints 10
half a million.
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26

MNEN have always sought I
N large supply Of maieria
things with which TO satisfy
ambition. In spite OF their mos
aSsiduous efforts, however. they
never seem to have enough and
continually devise new ways and
means by which to acquire more
Gack OF all this striving are the
belief that supply is dependent
upon ones own efforts and the
fear that there will come a day
when one will have nothing. and
so be in want. MortalS see every
needfIl thing within limits and
bounds. subject to being consumed
or destroyed. and with nothing TO
take IFS place. But the Apostle
Paul said philippians 4:19), MY
God shall supply all your need
according 10 his riches in glory
by Christ Jesus
So clearly did Christ Jesus un-
derstand Gods law Of supply that
he was enabled to feed the multi
tuce in the desert place with What
TO material sense seemed but five
loaves and two fishes: yet the
Biblical account tells us there was
enough for all. with twelve bas-
kets full left over (See Matthew
14:20). ...
Assuring humanity OF Gods
ample provision for His children,
Mary Baker Eddy. the Diseoyerer
and Founder Of Christian Science,
says in Miscellaneous Writings"
(p. 3O7: God gives YOU His spir-
ttual ideas, and in turn. they give |
you daily supplies. Never ask for
Tomorrow: ii is enough that d.
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26
CURDS and WHY
BY Ralph C. Poirot
AN ESTIMATE OF RECENT LABOR RELATIONS

Something has gone wrong in the United States Mil
lions of workers who pride themselves being good
American citizens perplexed and bewdered Wher-
they get together in the shops End mills at local
meetings and national conventions. they display strong
signs dissatisfaction and disappointment This not
merely the old story Of human of the suffer
ings Of the under-priveged This something entirely
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26
Veterans WhirI
BY JAMES L. HICKS

Eight major veterans organizations held confer
ence human relations and civic rights at Freedom
House last Saturday afternoon and before all
the boys sounded like bunch of prostitutes speaking OF
fharnx Lave
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26
The Other Room
By Worth Tuttle Hedden
Published by Bantam Books. Inc. New York --25e
Reviewed by Ulysses W. Boykin

Since the issues of civil rights and minority problems
are so strongly in the forefront of our attention these days
IHE OTHER ROOM, by Worth Tu,tle Hedden. is one of
the fastest selling quarter books in the United States
~
The Detroit tribune., 1949-02-26
Nations Capital
Fer NNPA News Services
By Louis Lautier

One Of the important involved in the fight over
reneal of the Labor Management Relations Act 1947
to socaed Taft Hartley Act. and reenactment of the
Wagner Act Is the question of the closed shop
Evening star., 1949-05-05
To Set the Record Struiqht

Recent testimony at the Capitol by
FBI Director Hoover on the fingerprinting
of Federal employees has led to erroneous
reports that nearly nine thousand workers
with criminal records have been dismissed
under the loyalty program. Since some
irresponsible critics have evidenced q
tendency to exaggerate the impact OF the
program on Government workers, 1t Is
well to keep the record straight. Actually.
the number of employees SO far dismissed
as result of loyalty investigations by the
FBI is under seventy. OF the approx
mately 2,500,000 employees investigated,
ss6 per cent have been cleared
What Mr.. Hoover did tell the House
Appropriations Committee was that 1881
employees have been fired since l943 as
result of routine fingerprint checking OF
applicants by the FBI. This checking OF
fingerprint records disclosed that the Gov
ernment had accepted for service convicted
burglars, larcenists. rapists and many
other types of law breakers. In every
instance the employe had sworn ne had
no criminal record. Not all OF these were
discharged, however. Those found to have
reformed and rehabilitated themselves
often were retained, or transferred 10 lops
not likely to tempt them to return to
crime.
The FBI director also reported that SIS
per cent of the persons checked since the
current loyalty program was instituted In
the fall of I947 were found to have police
records of varying degrees OF seriousness.
Most OF these were applicants for Jobs
who never landed on the payroll. Many
of them were free of any disloyalty taint.
In all payroll cases involving police records
the question of dismissal Is left to the
discretion OF the department or agency
concerned.
The nngerprinting OF Federal employees
was begun long before the loyalty program
was instituted. They are complementary
screening procedures aimed at excluding
Evening star., 1949-05-05
Contempt in Virginio

The power OF Judge 70 punlSA ioi
contempt is limited by little more than
his own discretion, and there is reason
to believe that Judge Sterling Hutcheson
has been guilty of an abuse OF that discre-
ton In the Gloucester County school case.
Last July Judge Hutcheson directed the
local school superintendent and the three
members of the local school board TO pro-
vide substantially equal school facilities
for white and colored children In the
county. In January he found them to be
In contempt because they had not been
sufficiently diligent In their endeavors to
comply with the order Of the court. The
imposition of sentence was deferred to
give them a chance to demonstrate good
faith and thereby tighten their penalty
Yesterday they were fined $3.50 each and
subjected to the threat Of further punish
ment in event of any future violation OF
the injunction.
The superintendent is paid official,
receiving a salary of $4,000 year and an
expense allowance of $3.50. The others are
volunteers, their only compensation being
q fee Of SIS per meeting attended, up to
q maximum of $3.50 year.
The real question at issue, or what
should be the real question, Is the extent
to which these officials can be held re-
sponsible for the attitude of the people
in their community. Judge Hutcheson
ruled that in the first instance, between
the time of the order and the date OF
the contempt adjudication, they had not
tried hard enough to furnish equal facili-
ties. II that finding Is correct, however,
and 1t may be, 1t certainly cannot be
contended that they did not exert them
selves during the period Of grace allowed
by the court. The school board members
are men who have to work for living.
But they took time from their own occu-
pations to circulate petitions for school
bond issue and to address mass meetings
in its behalf. Yet the bond issue was voted
down by the people Of the county. They
tried to borrow money from the State,
but were unsuccessful In that effort. II
there was anything that they could have
done, but did not do. since the jan
uary adjudication, that fact was not shown
at yesterdays hearing. &
Judge Hutcheson took the view, how
ever, that their subsequent activities were
not sufficient to justify nominal penalties
for the original contempt. On all the facts
that seems to be a harsh determination.
for a $3.50 fine is not an inconsequential
penalty by the standards which prevail
in that part of the State. In effect, the
school board members, If not the super
intendent, are made to suffer for the
refusal of the people of the community
to provide the necessary funds to furnish
substantially equal school facilities. They
are the goats in situation for which
they are not responsible.
Evening star., 1949-05-05
Why the Censorship?

During last years campaign, President
Truman made no bones about telling the
farmers that they would be most migrate
full Ii they did not vote for him. So IL Is
not at all surprising TO learn that he has
now told a group of farm editors that the
farmers apparently realized which side
of their bread was buttered" when they
went TO the polls last November.
1t Is little surprising, however. TO And
this remark edited out of the official
White House version Of Mr.. Trumans talk.
Why should the Presidents aides be so
squeamish? After all, II the President
thinks and talks in those political terms,
as he apparently does, why not let the
record stand In uncensored form?
Perhaps. in the short view, the President
Is right in his uncomplicated approach TO
American politics. 1t may very well be
that the American voters, or most of them.
enter the polling booth on q quid
pro quo basis. prepared to vote for the
candidate who promises the most to each
individual or to each group. That is
formula which has been used for q long
time, and 1t paid of for Mr. Truman last
year.
It may be that In the long run this
will prove to be costly business. For
in all probability the day will come when,
instead of promising more to everybody.
1t will be necessary to tell people that
they must tighten their belts. But as
long as elections can be won with the
bread-buttering technique 1t is idle to
suppose that 1t will not be used, and II
Mr. Truman wants to be outspoken about
1t there Is no reason why his subordinates
should try to keep that fact from public
notice.
Evening star., 1949-05-05
Library Of Congress Report

The annual report OF DR.. Luther d.
Evans, Librarian of Congress, covering the
fiscal year ended June 80, 194S, is docu-
ment Of importance to all Americans
mindful of the need for continued cul-
tural progress in their country. It shows
proof of the fact that the twelve months
under consideration were the busiest ever
known in the history of the worlds great
est photographic establishment. Members
of the national legislature, officers OF all
branches of the Federal Government,
hundreds of contemporary institutions
and thousands of individual inquirers
sought the aid of the Library staff. In the
general reading rooms the increase In
demand was 65 per cent.
This implies tremendous expansion OF
the facilities involved. Buildings which
were expected to meet all requirements for
many decades to come already are over
crowded. During 1s48 the Library's collec-
tions grew by 1,s13,413 pieces, bringing
the grand total for which space must be
provided to 24,400,06l. To visualize the
problem of personnel in this one particu-
lar alone 1t may be helpful to think OF
the 124,6l9 bound newspaper volumes
which constitute the most important de-
posit of it's kind in existence anywhere
"a veritable treasury Of material to which
an army of scholars want access daily.
The same principle applies to maps and
views, Photographic negatives and prints
music, phonograph recordings and books
for the blind.
Part of the explanation may be dis
covered in the pressure Of these enormous
times. The acceleration of public interest
in issues of economics, politics, foreign
affairs, science, art, sociology, biography.
religion and philosophy since the start
of the century has been unprecedented.
Smaller agencies could not accommodate
the multitudes of seekers for the power
which Scion long ago declared arises from
knowledge The Library Of Congress today
Is "tne national university of the people"
in sense which nobody in 1899 could have
imagined. What the next epoch win de-
velop lis anybody's guess, but there can be
no question about the place which the
Library will occupy In the picture. II
there is to be progress 1t win contribute
TO it.
But the American people cannot starve
their greatest photographic establishment
Evening star., 1949-05-05

and still reasonably expect 1t TO function
at full efficiency. The 8oth Congress cut
the Lbrary's budget so sharply that many
useful activities had to be abandoned. 1t
followed that the increased workioad Of
1948 was dealt with by a smaller staff and
under the handicap of 10 per cent de-
crease in hours when the reading rooms
were open TO the public. 1t certainly is
a poor sort of thrift that interferes in
this manner with the efficiency of the
service the Library renders.