davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-10-23

director Of a savings and loan
association, director of Northwest
ern Bell Telephone Co.. vice pres
ident of radio station and holds
numerous other directorships.
His Washington experience
heretofore brought him to the
United States Chamber of Com
merce, where he has been a di-
rector and chairman of the
organizations Committee on So
cialism and Communism. That
committee published a report that
about 400 known Communists
hold positions of importance In
Washington"
During the war he was vice
president Of the United Service
Organizations and in 1946 served
as a member of the President S
Committee on Civil Rights, for
which he received the Medal of
Merit from Mr.. Truman.
He is a director of the late
Evening star., 1949-10-23
Continued From Page C-1)

too" He usually takes work back
to the hotel. ..
Mr.. Matthews prior maritime
experience was limited to a row.
boat on his Minnesota lake and he
still winces every times he hears
that referred to.
It was at his first news con-
ference in Omaha after he was
named Secretary that the subject
came up.
"And what experience have you
had with the Navy, Mr.. Secre-
tary." asked a reported.
well. nothing. except-and this
is Off ff-the-record-I own q row.
boat up at my summer home" he
replied with a smile.
Able Administrator
The reporter either didn't hear
the "off- ff-the-record" preface or
thought it was too good to pass.
From then on, Mr.. Matthews was
the "Rowboat Secretary
But none can say that he hasn't
attempted to learn about the Navy
and its operations. Besides 4
cram course on Navy facts, figures
and traditions. he's visited West
Coast bases and Annapolis, made
stops at several East Coast ship
yards and made a quick trip to
Pearl Harbor. Aboard the carrier
Franklin D. Roosevelt when Mr..
johnson and others went abe >rd
a flattop at sea for the first time
Mr.. Matthews appeared to be en-
crossed In the intricate opera
tionS.
Although he is q stranger to Of
f1cial Washington and has little
or no nautical background, Mr..
Matthews is known in legal and
financial circles as being an able
and energetic administrator. He
is co-founder and board chairman
of the largest independent finance
company operating between Chi
cago and the Pacific Coast.
He has practiced law in Omaha
since 1913 and has been counsel
for the Reconstruction Finance
Corp. In Nebraska and Wyoming
since 1888. He is president and
Evening star., 1949-10-23

useful luIlCGlOIlS WHICH QdrQly ever
make headlines but which affect
for the good the lives of millions
everywhere. To the Trusteeship
Council, for example, and the Job
Of administering non-self-govern-
ing territories. And to some Is
commissions and agencies oper-
ating under ECOSOC. the Eco
nomic and Social Council. 1t used
to be said that the League of Ma
tions' great contribution lay in
this economic and social field. But
the U. N. can truthfully boast that
1t has already set up more ma
chinery for practical cooperation
among nations than the League
did in 20 years.
Record Clear
The World Health Organiza-
ton (WHO) has stopped cholera
epidemic in Egypt and is stamping
out malaria in Greece. The In
ternational Refugee Organization
(IRO) has found homes for more
than 100000 displaced persons
The international Children's
Emergency Fund CUNICEF) is
currently feeding supplemental
meals to about 4,500, 900 underfed
children in Europe and China.
The Western Samoans thought
they should have more self-gov-
ernment and appealed to the
Trusteeship Council. The council
sent a mission to Western Samoa
which looked things over and
made some recommendations
The upshot was that New Zea-
land. the administering power
gave the Western Samoans more
self-government.
Most Of the non-Soviet world
has agreed on a universal declara-
| ton Of human rights. Genocide
Evening star., 1949-10-23

rageous demands by the Chinese
trade unions. Taxation is very
severe. but it is the general belief
that, If the Nationalist blockade
were broken, trade would flow
again easily enough.
Tientsin, which is not block
AIDED, is already doing larger trade
than at any time under the KNIT
since the war. The probability
that the Communists will get rid
OF all foreigners as soon as they
have sucked the usefulness out of
them is fully realized; the British
in China are facing it with the
stoutness they have always shown
in troubled times.
Britain Takes the Lead
Pressure from Shanghai will
certainly be exerted in London
and probably in Washington. for
recognition of the Peoples Re-
public. Mr.. Bevin's recent con-
versations with Mr.. Acheson are
known to have brought Anglo
American views more nearly into
line. though on what line is not
known. The most interesting re-
cent development is that the COM
plete vacuum in which Mr.. Ache
sons White Paper has left Amer
ican policy in China followed
by the withdrawal of American
officials, but not of British) has
restored the lead in China to
Great Britain.
The swift recognition of the
Peoples Republic by Russia and
her satellites, and even by Mar
shall T1to-surely classic case Of
the Goals of fire-has complicated
matters, as it was no doubt meant
to do. How the United Nations
will deal with it there is not the
1alntest indication. Delayed tao
tics seem the only way at present.
The Nationalists' hold on the
provinces that they still claim
may be shadowy; but one good
army still bars the way to Canton.
that Of Gen. Pal Chung-hsi; his
kwangsi mountaineers, among
the best soldiers in China, are
thoroughly devoted to him.
tcopyrisht, London-observer Foreign
News service)
Evening star., 1949-10-23
No One Mould Profit by u. N. Failure
Every Human Being Has a Big Stake
In Its Success-ond Future
By NewboId Moves, Jr.

be overstating things to claim, as
U. N. Secretary General Trygve
Lie did in his fourth annual re-
port, that the U. N. has SO far
stopped or prevented wars in
volving 500,000,000 persons, cor
one-quarter Of the worlds popu-
lation. But the clear truth Is
that. during these years, the world
has passed repeatedly through
situations which. in other years,
might well have developed into
serious local wars, If not general
conflagrations. That they did not
so develop Is the U. MS most OBJ
vious achievement to date.
Seems to Have Some Merit
However we may weary Of hear
ing it, there is apparently some
merit in the existence Of an inter-
national body which provides a
forum, however imperfect, in
which arguments can be con-
Quoted with words rather than
with bullets.
We should not deceive ourselves
about the Security Council, how
ever. It has got nowhere in its
efforts to work out overall solu-
tions to the big problems Of inter-
national security and amity. Its
three commissions-on atomic
energy. conventional ornaments
and military staff planning-have
drawn a total blank so far. Rus
sia is no more willing to go along
with the majority plan on atom
bomb control or general arma-
ments control than she is on a
blueprint for the establishment of
an international police force.
These have been the U. MS fields
Of spectacular failure.
But If the Council has fallen
short Of the mark that was set
for it at San Francisco, the Gen.
eral Assembly seems correspond
ingly to have grown In impor-
Evening star., 1949-10-23
California in
Political Sun
By Froncis Williams

SAN FRANCISCO.-The po-
litical influence of California is
mounting in consequence of the
continuing westward flow of
population from other States
which seems likely to create a
migration record in American
history. The State has had a
remarkable practical demon
stration of this in the influence
its comparatively new cotton
growing industry has been able
to exercise on the Agriculture
Department in the face of
strongest opposition from the
traditional Southern cotton
States.
In view Of the Nation wide
cotton crop surplus. it was in
evitable that the department
would impose a quota policy
to cut 1850 cotton production.
But what is significant is that
the department decided on a
20 per cent cut below the 1949
crop instead of-as could have
been done under the Agricul-
tural Adjustment Act-a quota
fixed on the average of the
flve prewar years, when Cali
fornia's cotton production was
unimportant compared with
the level now reached in con-
sequence of revolutionary new
techniq;les Of irrigation, cotton
breeding and mechanization.
While accepting the fact
that the prewar basis would be
impractical in view of Califor-
MAS postwar development as
a major cotton State, the
Southern States of North and
South Carolina. Georgia. Ala
bama and Tennessee, which
previously dominated cotton
politics, combined to urge that
the quota be based on q 10
year average, which would
have struck California cotton
a crushing blow. This Cali
fornia bitterly resisted and the
Agricultural Department. seek
ing a compromise, has accepted
Californis's own proposal for a
quota based on one postwar
year. The most favorable year
for California was chosen. This
represents a remarkable indi-
cation of the political swing
toward California compared
with the declining influence of
the once politically dominant
Southern cotton growers.
(copyrisht. London Observer Poreign
/ News servics.)
Evening star., 1949-10-23

tance. This is the Town Meeting
of the World" where the U. N.
can be seen operating in it's purest
form as an influence for peace,
rather than as an action body.
The Assembly cannot really act;
it can only recommend, persuade
or restrain by the weight of it's
opinion. Yet, it, too. has had its
successes, even in the field of
maintaining the peace, which
supposedly belongs to the Council.
Thus the Assembly. as we'll as
the Security Council, has sent
commissions to the Balkans, for
example. to investigate Greek
charges that Albania, Yugoslavia
and Bulgaria were helping Greek
guerrillas in their fight against
the government in Athens. These
commissions have collected a mass
Of evidence on the subject. and by
SO focusing world attention on it
have influenced Greece's northern
neighbors toward a gradually
more restrained line Of action.
The very presence of the COM
missions in the area has helped
keep the Greek civil war from
spreading into Balkan war,
which might soon engulf the
world.
The third great organ Of the
q. NJ, the International Court of
Justice, has functioned so far in
only one important instance: It
fixed responsibility last April on
Albania for an incident in which
A Britains were killed and two
British destroyers damaged in q
mine explosion in the Corfu
Channel.
The search for solid achieve
ment in the U. N. leads inevitably
and finally to those unexciting but
Evening star., 1949-10-23
Latin Arms Opposed


At the same time. other ele-
ments, both here and In the
various countries themselves, are
crying out against the. further
strengthening Of Latin American
armies. Ultra-liberals in this
country have opposed building up
the Latin military establishments,
because strong armies In these
countries operate. against the
democratic elements.
Meantime. some officials In the
Pentagon are slowly coming to
the conclusion that more arms to
the majority of the Latin Amer
lean nations merely increases the
strength of dictators and reac-
tionary regimes. Many people in
the State Department have long
been convinced that we accom-
plish more for the stability and
progress Of the other American
nations by helping them to solve
their economic and social prob
lens than by strengthening their
military forces.
Evening star., 1949-10-23

highest military authorities did
not wait for the legislators to put
their final okay on the appropria-
ton. They hurried to point out to
representatives of the southern
countries in Washington the
emergency aspects of the program.
It was a hard choice to make,
they explained, but it was neces-
sary to channel more assistance
to Western Europe and parts of
Asia than to our own hemisphere.
In other words, we had to put
teeth in the North Atlantic pact,
as one of them expressed it, Ito
stiffen the military backbone of
Western Europe against commu-
nism and to give further aid to
sorely pressed Greece, Turkey,
Iran, Korea, the Philippines and
perhaps Nationalist China. For
tunately," the explanation con-
tinued, there is no immediate
threat of aggression from COM
munism against the peace of our
two continents.
Cuba Sounds Alarm
But our neighbors remain un-
convinced of our good intentions.
Billions for Europe and Asia, but
not even an air rifle for your
neighbors," scoffed one Latin Am
bassador. 1.-The Inter American
Treaty of Mutual Assistance was, +"
he went on, "the first military al
lance in the history of the New
World. It was not only a fore
runner and a model for the North
Atlantic Alliance, but it was only
after the urgent insistence of the
then Secretary of State, Gen.
MARSHALL; Senators Vandenburg,
Connally and others that We
signed the unprecedented docu-
ment at Rio de Janeiro in 1947.
Are we to assume" he asked,
that you now consider it only
scrap of paper?"
At any rate. since the announce
ment that Russia has the atom
bomb hemisphere defense" has
become a popular slogan in the
southern countries. The Cuban
Minister of Defense. Segundo
Curti, has sounded the alarm for
all Latin American countries to
prepare themselves against the
eventualities of war. "The ma
tions of this hemisphere" he said,
should meet within the near fu-'
ture to draw up practical plans of
defense under existing inter-
American agreements"
May Embarrass u. S.
Before we dismiss such state
ments as unreasonable, or silly, it
may be well to remember that we
ourselves are largely responsible
for this attitude on the part of the
Latins. It is we who invented the
phrase hemisphere defense" We
have been the chief architects
of the Inter-American Defense
Board, now headed by one of our
most distinguished military fig
ures, 1t. Gen. Willis D. Critten-
berger. This elaborate assemblage
of gold braid, which sits in WASH
ington, Is made up of generals.
admirals and q host of lesser off,
GERS representing all the armed
forces of the 81 American repub-
lies. At our urging this body has
for years been planning for mill
tary collaboration and the stand
ardization of arms throughout the
Americas.
What is more, we maintain
Evening star., 1949-10-23
Br0un
Continued From Page C-1.)

which does not include the ele-
ment Of morale-shows that there
are no actual forces to defend
Europe this year-or even next
year-against a Russian advance
to the Rhine.
The military aid program pro-
vides for sending to the con.
tinent of Europe enough modern
war material to equip at least
20 new divisions, the bulk of which
will be mechanized or motorized.
The estimated cost is between
$500, 100000 and $4,000, 900, 900
over period of four or five years.
While a new establishment was
set up in Washington after the
conversations between the civilian
and military representatives of the
Atlantic pact countries, the origi-
nal headquarters of the Western
European Union at Fontainebleau,
near Paris, remains the brains"
Of Europe's defense planning.
Things are not going at all well
in that ancient French town.
where specially selected British.
French, Dutch, Belgian and Lux
embourg officers are stationed to
plan strategy.
Montgomery in Command
The overall command has been
given to Field Marshal Mont
gomery, Britain's war hero. The
command Of the ground forces has
been intrusted to Gen. Jean de
Lattre de Tassigny, the senior
French officer in the war of lib
Grafton who made a spectacular
escape from Vichy and later COM
manded an army corps which
fought well IN Germany.
A Briton commands the air
forces and a French admiral
with a British chief of staff
commands the naval forces Of
this nucleus for the defense Of
Western Europe. The chiefs of
both press relations and intelli-
gence are British.
All these men are aware, both
Of Russia's war potential and her
aggressive strategy. They know
that Russia may strike before the
United States has begun to send
its mountains of war material
across the Atlantic. Yet all those
who have inside knowledge Of
what is going on at Fontainebleau
are painfully impressed with the
difficulties Of getting these men
to see their problems eye to eye.
The British, quietly but skill
fully, get across their view that
the French, and particularly Gen.
de Lattre, are prima donnas who
imagine that France is still living
in the palmy days of Napoleon.
The French attempt, the British
say, to terminate every objection
to their military conceptions with
a reference to Frances great mil
itary glory.
Need Outside Leadership
The British, on the other hand,
the French say, are and always
will remain British. Whenever
20 different nationalities are gath
cred together and a Britisher is
present, he must, in his opinion,
become the central figure and the
leader. Montgomery is said par
ticularly to be afflicted with that
mental condition. Instead of try
ing TO correlate the activities Of
the various generals and admireIs
subordinate to him, he overlocks
their arguments and treats them
as If they were second lieutenants.
The representatives of the other:
nations at Fontainebleau, caught
between the two millstones, have
fust given up, and, like well-be-
'1aved boys,s are seen-in uniform
but not heard.
This situation is likely to last
indefinitely, unless an American
officer is placed, In some way or
other, at the top in FQptainebleau.
Evening star., 1949-10-23
Latin Leaders ReSentful
OverNot Sharing in Arms
Failure to Include Southern Neighbors in
Weapons Program Provides Reds
With Propaganda Ammunition
By Edword TomIinson

Failure Congress include the foreign military
provision equipment Latin
America has caused bitter resentment military
the countries south the
from Mexico to Argentina had burning
figuring out and of sharing these martial
Realizing the dnfavorabe
Evening star., 1949-10-23
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. c.
SUNDAY. oe1osER
Communists Boast That
China Makes New Start
Reds Even Drop Party of Sun Yat-sen, Father
of Republic, as They Stress Idea That
All Ties With Past Are Being Cut
By O. M. Green

The accidental explosion of bomb in the Russian Concession
October TO- fired the revolution
probably witnessed
feat of that tragic
the republic" Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
Yatsens party lies in and the
Evening star., 1949-05-08
ey Jemes BivkField

I thought shacking corn and
handing fodder was a hard too.
but I've found one that beats it
forkins manure out os q barn
wi1ere II has been aecumulAttns
all winter. packed hard ey my
COW and hetfers.
I had an tnkling Of what the
Job would be ike. 50 ! kept put
ting II OF. But finally the bare
places in my front field kept rub
bing my conscience. and 80 the
other day ] started 70 work.
In one stall I'm down foot and
one half. and there Is still. an
other stall that hasn't been
touched. c. r. Rice knew what
he vas talking about the day he
stopped By and took look inside
the barn.
You'll really have something 10
write about when you start fork
ing that out" he said.
II any one wants some nice
strong wild onion plants 10 give
q little variety 10 his meadow
why tell him Just 70 see me, I
have the finest stand OF wild
onions In Loudoun County --
onions with proved potency.
When the cow comes in from
the pasture these day. you have
to brace yourself so her breath
won't knock you down. And the
butter tastes like 1t has been COM
pounded out OF an herb relish. In
fact. n guest one day commented
Evening star., 1949-05-08
Cash Prizes offered
For Work of Young
Writers and A rtistS

Cash prizes of 81 are awarded
for original stories. articles. poems
and cartoons published in The
Junior Star. Contributors of ma
terial which the editor considers
of sufficient merit also are issued
reporters cards.
The contest is open to boys and
girls of high school age and un-
der. Write on one side of paper
double space If you type) and put
your name. age. address and tele-
phone number in the upper left
hand corner. Draw with black
India ink on white paper and do
not roll or fold. Contributions
cannot be returned.
The editor reserves the right
to publish any contribution in
whatever form he thinks best, re-
gardless Of whether 1t is awarded
q prize. He also may withhold
prizes awarded for contributions
found not to be original.
Checks for prizes are mailed
during the week following publi-
cation. Address: The Junior Star,
727 Star Building, Washington 4,
D. G..
Evening star., 1949-05-08
Life in the Country-Barn Cleaning

s.eee Ard ae Vas gvsssnx A.
~; 70 DO RS Hxalnx right casassr
nas back ccSos rather THAR Aarsrg
10 uatp$e csrf 10 shs iActeTzsae
River.
NJ Fletcher eGs,s q egse ssasse
taass down e~esa6 TIE tso2w arc
lAss sear stocked ai Wsta bass Ne
sAs counting ;Ae cAys anss. W
could throw . lZae " as& se~ waAt
would happen
The sac trSng Is thai tsrEx
Isn't ssase ssa lrtf Mv
Fletcher used p1T 10 step Isse
japanese beetles IN n.s cosn as.
= nelghhog Alse SPRAYED xIh
DDT There wss 9o,s O. rain
las: sQnnes ard enough - sasv
DOT washed e- isse corn xns
drained into TIE p>nd 20 .nlsh
Of al the nsh-
SO, he has IL NArt a.. otrt
asaIn, Ht Il hAyr asA in = year
Q. two, and YOU car bet he wss.
watch The DuT 'ruEa noN eg
Evening star., 1949-05-08
Close Grazing May
Harm Young Pastures

Farmers are being warned that
heavy grazing may ruin lush,
young pastures.
Agronomists point out that
grass and legumes must maintain
reasonably long blades and stems
to build up root reserves. Other
wise plants will weaken and weeds
will take over.
White clover. orchard grass and
bluegrass, 1t was explained, will
stand closer grazing that such
oats grass and alta fescue.
pasture plants as alfalfa, tall
meadow oat grass and alta fescue.
Evening star., 1949-05-08
Small Floral Area
In Arlington Yard
Is Carefully Tended

A fine flower garden. that
blooms until frost. Is maintained
In splendor In a small area by Mr..
and Mrs. H. w. Allen. 1920 Sixth
street south. Arlington. Va.
The "U"-shaped border is 42
feet on O side. embracing o lawn
lying southerly from the house.
Roses form q background on the
east arm and pansies the back
ground on the west extension,
with close-cropped Towering al
mond and hydrangeas on either
side nearest the house. Along the
rear, across the full width Of the
lot, the plot is filled with yellow
allyssum, some ANIMALS. hardy
white candytuft. grape hyacinths.
dwarf phlox and dark phlox. A
miniature terrace q foot high
rises along the rear. supported
by surface bricks. but these are
hidden to q great extent by the
phlox. In the exact center Is a
3-foot gate.
Walking north along the east
side Of the "U'' are found. besides
the rose background, five chim-
neys of brick, and in convex out
line arching between them are
beds Of tulips and annual allys-
sum. nierembergia and dwarf
phlox. and pink primroses. coral
bells. cowslips and double petunias,
and, last of all. wallfiowers and
coleus. Portulaca Is used as q
ground cover near the roses. There
are lines Of forget-me-nots and
pansies.
Walking north along the west
edging the background Is Of pam
sizes. Between the five chimneys
that correspond to those on the
opposite side Of the yard are first
the hydrangeas. tulips and alys-
sum, California poppies. dwarf
primroses, white verbena, cow
slips and wallflowers. After the
pansies forget-me-nots will bloom,
followed by blue fax.
In the 10 chimneys Of the gar
den are phlox. later cut back to
2 inches after blooming, to make
room for begoniaS.
| In each rear corner Of the lawn
area is q peach tree four years
old, surrounded by delicate
necklace Of English daisies.
| Mr.. and Mrs. Allen are willing
to show their garden to visitors
for the next few days.