Evening star., 1949-06-12

iA&A1sf& VI tAENeSW RA&kaaAAa a&N&@b Eks@&sE
!ey experts Of several Western DE-
nocractes~
| These experts say underground
leaders who nxhi communism IN
satellite nations are up against
troubles more grim than those
who resisted the Maria For oas
thing. ConmGnis: agents have q
much easier time spying On oppo-
lSitaon leaders since the agents are
local people Hitlers men were
IOermAns-foreigneTs-an6 easy 70
spot.
Three Major Disturbances
| Indication o. the thoroushneSs
of the Communists lea IN tho ca
lperts' reports that There are nc
known resistance newspapers nov
although there were hundreds TN
Ider German occupation Only ce-
casional phantom radio stations
broadcast anti-communis; pro
grams. One in YugoslAvla Vas
heard early this year
Since the war. the kremltn has
had TO deal with three major dis
turbances In It's sphere Smaller
zones occur all the time
The three major ones include:
Bands Of anti Communist
UkrainiAns which have Tough;
pitched battles In siovakia and
Southeastern Poland For the
most part they we're trying TO
escape to Western Europe Many
have.
The story Of their resistance
has cropped up In communis,
newspapers and radio programs
in the Ukraine. Poland and
Czechoslovakia.
| Ukranian Pravda reported on
July z. ls%7. that 40e bandits
had been killed and several hun
Idred captured. In October. isST.
0en. Ludwig Svoboda was quoted
In the Czech press after telling
the Czech Assembly OF the meas.
ures" his Communist controlled
army was taking against the
ukrainian suerrillas.
Border Clashes
He said In late is<s and early
ls47 the Czech Army had pre-
vented q band OF 500 Ukrainians
from entering siovakia. He said
they had been under pressure
from Polish and Russian troops
Because the three nations border
each other. American experts
suspect that the Ukrainians also
had fought in Poland and Russia
Warsaw radio was still talkins
. OF the Ukrainians In late ls4T. II
| said they would soon be finally
liquidated."
Czechoslovakia appears TO have
had It's own resistance troubles
this January. The Czech Com.
.. munist government arrested sew
eral top resistance leaders. amons
them Gen. Karel Kutvax. hero
: OF the Czech uprising against the
NaZis. The group was charged
with q plot to overthrow the
Communist government.
At the same time two Czech
students were sentenced 10 die on
o charge of organizing counter
espionage.
i The larger group OF resistance
leaders were given long prison
sentences. Their story vas told
over Voice OF America from ma
terial gathered by DR.. Otakaf
Machotka. formerly OF the Uni
versity Of Prague and now q.
Syracuse University.
Albanians Revolt
Stories OF the third major worry
for the Kremlin come from little
nations. Open guerrilla warfare
! ID reported TO be continuing In the
!. three little Baltic states--Ilthu-
ania. Estonia and LAtviA--and In
mountainous little Albania.
Il Two exile newspapers report on
these countries: The Lithuanian
News. issued by the Lithuanian
Embassy In Washington from un-
derground reports. and L'Albanis
Liore tFree Albania, printed In
Rome.
These report that both Baltic
. peasants and AIbanians resent the
Communist program 10 take their
. land from them. They say both
groups shoot Communist leaders
when they can. raid food COM
missaries. attack government con-
soys and sabotage eommunica-
tons.
4 At present ths Aibanians appear
10 have the best OF It. Their Com
munist-rlin nation has been cut OF,
from the rest Of Moscow dom
mated territory since last summer
when Yugoslavias Marshai Tito
rebelled against Moscow dictator.
ship.
/ Baltic Complaint
, Almost Immediately L'Aihani.
I4bre reported that the anti.
. Communist Albanian mountaineerl
/ increased their raids. Il said Al.
bsnias Communist Premier. Gen
Hoxha. has been % hard presset
that Moscow has neen forced q
, help him with . regular airlift.
4 In the Battles tns various Gem,
rnunist newspapers--LAshuaniar
| lPravda. Estonian Pravda ant
IAtyiAn Prsyda--keep . yunntnl
Icurrent Of complaints that tn
Ipeopie are not 20 enthusiastic
- thsy ought 20 b about tn
government plan 10 coileetsvins
| lfarms.
4 Ths;r special complaints ars
turned on ''kuiaks." men who owr
, the more substantial farms. II n
! leasy 70 deduce that the kuiaka pssi
up q more fghfinE resistance a'
Inrst. but are nov reduced 90 hid
|. ing their identities and ae~kins
Jobs On collective farms.
/ But even on the ssats~run farms
lstss kxsfaks Ha~rxs ss% kue tsxsNMvvza IN fxs a