davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14

Up in Swank Westchester
County in New York. Archie
Smith, a former flight instruc-
tor at the Tuskegee Army Air
Field, is making valuable use
Of the experience he received
in training Uncle Sans fight
ing pilots during the war
Archie is fighting against
terrific odds. which all color
ed airmen seem 10 encounter
these days. but once the air
bug hits a man il seems that
there is no way 10 keep him
out Of the air, and Archie IS
no exception.
Smith has organized an ala
ton club knows as the War
hawk Aviation Club and It's
primary purpose is 10 give
persons who already know
how 10 fly an opportunity 10
60 soaring into the wide blue
yonder.' every now and then.
but the club also offers per-
sons interested in aviation, an
opportunity 10 obtain CONNER
cial pilots license and there
in lies story.
In his desire 10 pass on what
he knows TO other aviation en-
thusiastS. Smith has organized
a teen-sge branch of the War
hawks. According 10 Civil
Aeronautics Authority regula-
tions no person may take
solo fight until he reaches the
age Of is. but Smith is taking
students in his teen-age branch
atTthe tender age OF IL.
Under his plan. a youth OF
twelve may begin his flying
lessons al that age but will be
allowed 10 take only two fly
ing lessons a month. When he
reaches thirteen he is permit
ted TO increase his number OF
lessons to three a month Az
fourteen there is another in
crease in the number OF lessons
and still another when the stu
dent reaches fifteen.
At sixteen the student il
ready for his solo fight and by
the time he reaches the age
Of II he is ready to take his
private pilots license. II he
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14

The shortage OF habitable
housing Is simply greater
among colored people than
among white people. One Of
the reasons is the ghetto sys-
tenn IN which colored people
are compelled 10 live because
of residential segregation in
all sections Of the country.
Private enterprise has pro-
duced little housing for cell
ored people. Most OF the hous.
ing built since the war has
been al costs beyond the
purchasing power OF most
colorcd families and in loca-
tons where the builders re-
fused to sell to colored fam
flies.
Even in slum clearance
programs colored people have
suffered Cities have cleared
slum areas. taking property by
eminent domain and turning
II over TO insurance companies
on long-term reimbursement
conditions and with tax exem-
ptions and other benefits to
encourage housing develop,
ments. But even cclored vet
Grams IN cities like New York
and Chicago have been ex.
cluded from such develop
ments.
The Federal Housing Al
mlnisiration insures mortgages
On property with clauses in
the dee,is forbidding the sale
VI occupancy BY colored per-
sons. despite the decisions Of
the United States Supreme
Court that such agreements
cannot be iudicslly enforced
In normal times the short
age Of housing ls 80 acute
AMONG colored people that
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14

terminated for other than his
by no means over. The battle
for safeguards IN housing and
Federal aid-to-education legis-
lation can be renewed in the
House. the battle for safe
guards in labor legislation can
be renewed in the Senate. and
the battle for safeguards in
both housing and Federal-aid
to-education legislation can be
fought all over again in both
the House and Senate when
bills are brought forward 10
appropriate funds for both OF
these programs.
II also has become apparent
that no one is effectually pres
enting the views OF colored
people in this fight. The one
exception is Clarence Mitchell.
labor secretary Of the National
Association for the Advance
ment OF Colored People. who
apparently did a good job on
the House side in seeking
amendments OF the Lesinskl
bill. The NAAcP. however. IS
committee 10 repeal OF the
Taft Hartley law and reenact-
ment of the Wagner Act,
which il never wanted lamp
cred with in the first place
On the housing bill. repres-
entatives OF the NAACP and
the American Council on HUI
man Relations pussyfooted.
They reluctantly supported the
Bricker amendment because
Senator John w. Bricker. Re-
publican. Of Ohio. was opposed
TO the low-rent public hous-
ing and the farm housing pro-
visions OF the bill Yet. in the
l3-member Senate Banking
and Currency Committee. the
only member who would offer
an segregation and anti
discrimination amendment was
Bricker. and the only ones who
would vote for such an amend
ment were Senators Bricker
and Harry p. Cain. Republican
OF Washington, who also was
opposed 10 the bill.
On the Federal aid-to-e duca-
ton bill. Deslie Perry. admin
istrative assistant in the Wash
ington Bureau of the NAACP.
got Senator Lodge TO offer an
NAACP sponsored anti-segre-
cation amendment. But there
was no evidence OF a deter
mined fight 10 rebut the Doug
las Humphrey Morse argu-
ment. or to get a Senator 10
offer an amendment 10 require
equalization OF expenditures
for education from state and
local funds between colored
and white schools in school
districts in state maintaining
separate schools. as p condition
precedent 10 receiving Federal
funds.
In the circumstances. n sp-
pears that IL colored people are
70 throw their weight into the
fight against race discrimina-
tion and segregation in activi-
ties financed wholly or In part
bv Federal monies they will
have 10 ssi stronger spOkes-
men than thev now have In
Washington. The N A A G p
should move lie headquarters
from New York 20 Washing
ton or Waltcr White. the sec.
retarv N the organization.
should remain In Washington
while Congress Il In session
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14
rs BICNEM BAD1"
BY GEORGE S. BENSON
pfssiosn, 81 HARDING College
SECRECY. Afkonsos

ing production and distribution
result IN economies impossible in
small business.
Public LARGER invest
Prospers msnt provides also
the necessary ex-
tensive research demanded by
keen competition. This huge in
vestment pays dividends to
workers. too. Labor-saving tools
multiply the productive capacity
81 the worker and ease the load
from his back. This greater pro-
duction allows him higher pay
and shorter hours and puts him
in a class far above vcrkmen Of
any other nation.
Small business has Jared we'll
IN this progress story You see.
big business has created thous-
ands Of enterprises that owe their
existence TO its production With
out the huge output provided BY
the automotive industry. the aver
age city would be without it's
many accessory stores. radiator
shops. repair shops. filing alta
tons, parking lots, and garages.
Far from being exterminated,
small bushes continues 10 de-
velop.
Biz business ins made q strik.
INK contribution % our nations
prosperity and progress. As long
az II IL operated by human beings.
there will be occasions for justi-
fable criticism. However. minor
Criticisms must nvt he AllO~s VI ~
destroy the true Importance Of
BIG business q . growing nation.
II - essential ~ q continued d..
mamie economy. The public. hns.
ing created big business. will fur
Their prosper by its continuance.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14

MANY CRITICS Of our American
system use big business as a spe-
e,al target for their attacks Ae-
eording 10 their charges. big busi-
ness throttles competition. creates
monopolles, maltreats labor. and
kills small enterprises. Their at
btude toward big business repre-
sents more than q natural dislike
for bigness IN business. II also
shows their shrewdness in using
the propaganda weapon to de-
Stroy our system.
n they should succeed in get
ting public opinion on their side.
u would soon be reflected in legir-
lsticn which could well destroy
this segment Of our economy.
and eventually turn our entire
economy into state socialism.
Grown Up BIG BUSINESS is
Business nothing but small
business grown up.
'lhey grew up because the puOic
allowed them to do 90 No bust
ness can become big business
without public approval Public
approval cannot BE- bought. IL IL
earned through the hard-work
process Of competing against
scores Of other companies and
giving John Q. Public . better
washing machine. dress. or auto
mobile for his money Az demand
for q product grows. facilities
must he increased 10 meet that
demand. A business grows a. the
public with its buying dictates.
AZ business gfo~s 10 tsComss
mere sficisnt and makes possible
real savings to the public. Our
81 500 mass produced automobile,
" built with the tools Of 1900.
would cost $4,000 Mass purcha.-
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14
Nations Capital
Fer NNPA News Service
By Louis Lautier

One thing IS becoming more
apparent IN Congress every
day. II is that the issue OF race
segregation and discrimination
in activities for which the
Federal Government is sppro-
prating funds is being fought
out here.
In this fight Southern mem
bers Of Congress are pres
eniing a solid phslanx. except
for Senator Claude Pepper.
Democrat. OF Florida. He is for
President Truman's civil rights
program insofar as that pro-
gram IS interpreted not 10
mean the abolition OF race Sc
gregation from American life.
Northern and Western forces
are confused and divided. Lib
erals like Senators Hubert
Humphrey. Of Minnesota, and
Paul II. Dougal, Of Illinois. De-
mocrats. and Wayne Morse.
Republican. Of Oregon, favor
a single battle over the issue
Of civil rights but are opposed
10 the attachment OF civil
rights amendments 10 SOCIAL le-
gslation. which they believe
would be unacceptable TO
Southerners If Embellishments
ton and anti cation
clauses were included.
On the other hand. Senators
like Henry Cabot Lodge OF
Massachusetts. and Irving NJ.
Ives, OF New York. RepublI-
cans. are ready and willing TO
fight out the issue as II may
arse in connection with any
social legislation that may be
brought before the Senate.
They believe that II would
have been better 10 have
fought out the issue OF race
segregation and discrimination
in Federally- subsidized public
housing when the housing bill
was before the Senate, and OF
segregation in public elemen-
tary and secondary schools
when the Federal aid to edu-
cation bill was up than 10 have
yielded supinely 10 threats 10
kill those measures IL anti-dIs-
elimination and anti-segrega-
ton amendments were writ
ten into the legislation.
On the House side. there
have been skirmishes on civil
rights from time 10 time as
Representatives Vito Msrcan-
tonic. American Laborite. Of
New York. and Adam c Pow
ell. Democrat. Of New York.
have offered anti-disciimina-
ton and anti segregation
amendments 10 various bills,
one OF which (the bill which
would make the SPARS a per-
manent branch OF the Soast
Guard Reserve) was recon-
mitted 20 committee after such
an amendment was adopted.
But when Representatives
Anthony Cavalcante, Demo
erat. Of Pennsylvania. offered
an amendment on April 20 20
the Lesinski bill. which would
have made IL unfair labor prac-
tees for employers or labor
unions 10 discriminate against
colOIed workers OF sesfefste
them into separate locals or
auxilislies. Mr. Powell adopted
the Douglas Humphrey Morse
line OF argument and urged
the House 20 kill these amend.
ments
The fight on these issues IL
an employee a. whom mem
bership has been denied or
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14
The Capital Mirror

Legislation extend control OF Importance r. %
ored people percentage OF them than OF Ns
people tenants and conversely smaller percentage land
lords
Studies have shown that far proportion OF ceo @
pie still living slums doubled up qiars
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14

% be re.beafen or re-shaken just
before drinking Furthermore. the
renle, engine improves digestibil.
i'y. making II particularly GOOD for
the younger set
Lsrer Rsrrstitsd MIX Drink
iablespo lemon rennet powder
/ cup cold milk
Add rsnnet powder 10 milk and
beat with rotary beaten or shake
10 milk shaker or fruit jar until
dissolved To make more readily
cigestible let stand Is minutes
before serving.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1949-05-14

Children love az aftef-school
snsck. but often these snaeks are
fsr 100 heavy They take the edge
from Juniors appetite and bis
dir1s- later or IL spoiled
A rerneiired milk drink and a
thy pean1f butter or Jelly sand.
wich make sne AFTER school
srsrk for ne Youngsters The &c.
hcsors and hesl'hfui milk drink is
20 quick and easy 20 make that the
children themselves can have the
fun - doing u. or mother can
ge' 2, ready ahead OF time and
leave Z, standing n The refrigerator.
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27
Pickup for Pocketbooks

Before retiring or discarding
that purse or handbag which has
begun to look shabby, try re-
juvenating it with a little home
cleaning or touching up, home
economists of the u. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture suggest.
Soiled sport or worn-off color may
give dingy or worn look to a
purse which otherwise is in good
condition.
To hide water spots or other
stains on smooth leather purse,
rub with colored shoe cream or
wax polish, either coIored or
clear. Shiny spots on suede bag
often may be removed just by
light rubbing with very fine sand
paper. Scratched places or worn
corners on colored leather may
be touched up with matching shoe
dye. India ink may be used to
touch up black leather.
Avoid the use of dry cleaning
fluid on leather because it re-
moves the natural oils and may
make it crack. But on fabric
purses cleaning fluid may be
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27
By JOYCE WILLIAMS
Home Demonstration Agent
Lorge End Up

LUZ Sc 6Aio w
That there is a right and wrong
end up for keeping an egg in
best condition is fact which few
city housewives - and even some
farm housewives who pack eggs
for sale - do not realize. The
large end of the egg should be
up, and packing eggs in this posi-
ton has been emphasized in all
U. S. Department of Agriculture
advice on marketing eggs. Even
in keeping eggs for any length of
time in the home refrigerator, the
best position for holding quality
is a point worth considering.
The large end of the egg nor
mally contains the air cell which
should be on top as the egg
stands. If the large end is down,
the weight of the egg presses on
the cell, causing the air to rise
and gradually loosen the men,
brane. At the same time the yolk,
because it is lighter in weight
than the white, rises from its
normal position in the center of
the egg to the top or the small
end. There it may adhere to the
membrane so that it is difficult
to remove the egg from its she'll
without breaking the yolk. Eggs
with yolks out of position are of
lower grade than eggs with yolks
in the center.
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27
Ecsier WGys

Every device, however small,
that saves time and labor in get
ting meals and does the job better
is worth the consideration of the
busy housewife, home economists
of the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture believe. Small savings
add up in homemaking as in in
dustry.
For example, sitting flour into
a sheet of waxed paper instead of
into a bowl has several advan-
tages in making cakes and other
mixtures calling for flour Use
about foot square of waxed
paper for fast, easy and neat
sitting Then, because flour slips
off the waxed surface so readily,
it is easy to lift the paper and
slide the flour back for another
sitting or into the mixing bowl.
Finally, the paper saves washing
an extra bowl.
Mixing salad dressing in the
salad bowl before adding the
salad is another small way to
save an extra dish and time.
Shaking in a paper bag is an
easy and economical way of flour
ing or sugaring pieces of food.
Use it for busting" doughnuts
or fruit CONNECTIONS with sugar, or
for FIGURING chopped nuts or dried
fruit before mixing into cake or
bread batters.
Melt the fat for mullins or bak-
ed buildings in the baking pan
to save time and extra dishwash-
ing. Start melting the fat before
measuring other ingredients so
that it will be ready and the pan
cool enough when the batter is
ready.
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27
bY w. n. Sullivan. County Assn


Soil Testing and Plant Growth
Plant growth Growing plan
such as cotton or corn is similar
to building house.
In building a house, materials
like sills, Notwithstanding, raft
ers, and roofing are essential. II
the supply Of sills gives out be-
fore the foundation is complete,
the building stops because no
other material can be used for the
stills.
In growing or building corn
plant, the essential materials are
nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and
lime calcium and magnesium.
Sometimes, some Of the minor
food elements are also needed.
These materials must stay in
balance one to the other. Each
plays definite part in building
the plant.
Functions Of Several Plont Foods
NITROGEN - Makes plants
dark green. Aids leaf and stem
growth. Improves crispness and
quality Of leaf crop. Produces
rapid growth. Too much may
delay maturity.
PHOSPHORUS - Aids early
root formation and growth. Gives
rapid and vigorous start to plants.
Stimulates blooming and helps
form seeds. Hastens fruit forma-
ton and maturity. Gives winter
hardness to fall-seeded grains
and hsy crops.
/ POTASH - Gives added vigor
and disease resistance to plants.
Makes strong. stiff stalks, thus
reduces LODGING Increased
plumpness Of grain and seed. Nee
essary to forming and transfer
ring stsrches, sugars and oils.
CALCIUM - Aids early root
formation and growth. Improves
general plant vigor and stiffness
of straw Regulates uptake OF
other plant foods. Neutralizes
poisons produced in plant. Helps
produce grain and seed.
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27
Available Plant Fdod In The Soil

<AVoAoOAC FluHt CCQ IN Inc Doll
Some soils have large amounts
OF plant foods which are in an
unavailable form and, therefore,
of no immediate value.
A good cotton soil, for instance,
often has as much as 5000 pounds
of total phosphorus per acre in
the top z inches; yet, this soil
may give wonderful response
to 200 pounds of superphosphate
per acre.
The reason the soil responds to
superphosphates is that the 5000
pounds of phosphorus as inactive
or not available to the Grip. Huge
amounts of phosphorus might
have been applied to the land for
years, but if the land is very acid,
most of the phosphorus has been
changed to an inactive or unavail-
able form. Consequently, it is OF
little or no value to the present
crop.
The same is true of the other
major plant foods. This situation
once more emphasizes that every
field is separate problem.
Soil Testing
! Soil testing finds the approx
i mate amounts of available plant
food in the soil. In this work,
however, it is important that soil
samples be collected properly.
! A sample of about one pound
represents several million pounds
The soil is collected from num-
Der of places in field represent
ing all the variations in fertility
in that field.
If the whole sample were col.
lected at one place, it might be
where an old lime or manure
pile had been or where some fer.
tilizer was spilled filling the dis
tributor. In that case, the sam,
pie would not truly represent the
fertilizer needs of that field fol
| Tie crop COuCSrHcu.
Taking small samples from al
parts of field that was similarly
treated largely overcomes thi.
problem and permits collecting
the samples from all fertilit.
| levels.
| Why Test Your Soil? -
i l. To find the approximate
amounts of available plant food
2. To find the degree of acidity
(sourness) or alkalinity (sweet
ness) and, therefore, if lime i
needed for a given soil and crol
and how much.
3. To find the poisonous (toxic
materials, or why a crop doe
not grow on specific field.
Il 5. To find out whether any Ger
tain soil is fitted to the crop con
cerned,
6 To supply information t
serve (along with a knowledge o
the soil and crop concerned an
all other information secured fror
the farmer and experiment sta
i, tom as a basis for making linn
and fertilizer recommendations.
How To Get Soil Tested
' |. Get soil sample container
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27

word Temptation"
means. And Jesus
was no drifter. II
ever a powerful
purpose, devotion
to God, q noble
mind and a pure
heart could set a
man free from all
temptations, Jesus
would have been
that man. But he
had kjs <o~o~<o
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27

Group of Ebenezer women who
served lunch to the group of en-
trants at the Mississippi Field
trials held there recently. Stand
ing left to right are: Bobby Jones,
Gerald Greer (children); Mrs. E.
E. Brown, Mrs. Allen Murtagh,
Mrs. K. D. Henry, Mrs. Doyle
Brown and Francine; Mrs. Gene
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27

!. MAGNESIUM Helps keeI
| leaves dark green. Regulates up
take of other plant foods. Act:
as carrier of phosphorus in the
plant. Helps form oils and fats
Takes part in the translocatior
.of starch.
Hunger Signs In Plonts
| If a plant does not get all nee
essary plant foods in ample guam
titles and in the proper balance,
growth may be slowed down or
! stopped. If one plant food runs
out. even though the others re-
main in the right amount, plant
will show hunger signs for the
missing food.
LACK OF NITROCEN-Causes
plants to be stunted and pale
green. Bottom leaves start to
turn yellow at tips and down mid
rib in corn, and in severe cases
finally die. In severe cases the
leaves die all the way up the
stalk. If serious symptoms appear
on corn before the tassels,
no ears form or they are nub-
bins.
LACK OF PHOSPHORUS -
Young plants look stunted and
often purplish. Older plants usu-
ally do not have purplish leaves
but may be slender with round,
small stalks. Delays tassels, silks,
and maturity. Causes small am
cunt of grain or fruit Of stalk
growth.
LACK OF POTASH - Leaves
look scorched on outside edges
and tips - just reverse to nitro
gen. In severe cases leaves die
from ground upward in the case
of corn. Leaves thicken and curl
down. Symptoms are worse in
poorly drained areas Of field. Cot
ton and soybeans lose their
leaves early. Corn and small
stalks or lack of proper root
growth. Cotton has small, poor
ly-opened bolls. In severe cases
corn has shortened inter-nodes.
If more than one plan food is
lacking, the hunger signs are hard
to recognize.
No single one of these materials
can substitute for any other in
building a plant. Lack of any GER
tain one limits growth and pro-
duction Of the whole plant re-
eardless of the quantity Of all
other materials.
For this reason ii is important
in growing a crop to be sure that
all needed materials are present,
either naturally from the soil or
supplied as lime, fertilizers, and
manures, in proper balance of one
to another.
Feed the Plant Properly
Nearly every crop makes diff
ferent demands of the soil inso-
far as quality of the plant food
needed to grow an economic crop
is concerned.
For instance a 100 bushel
corn crop contains about 100
pounds nitrogen. As pounds phos-
phorus, and 100 pounds potash.
This equals about $50 pounds
nitrate of soda, $50 pounds l8 per
cent superphosphate, and 200
pounds SO per cent muriate OF
potash.
Also, it is important in feeding
a plant to know the difference
in root systems, ability to feed,
and the length of growing sea-
son.
Treat Every Field Separately
Some soils are suitable, or can
be treated and made suitable, for
! producing certain crops.
A point that is not always
known, however, is that two ad-
joining fields may respond diff
ferently to the same fertilizer or
crop. One may be acid, have less
organic matter, be more eroded,
or contain much less phosphorus
or potash than the other. Yet
they may look the same.
For these reasons, every fielc
is a problem within itself anC
should be treated as such.
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27

tons all the same. After the great
day Of his baptism, when the
heavens opened and he felt the
Holy Spirit as plainly as q bird
from the sky alighting on his Shout.
der. we are told that he was full
Of the Holy Spirit" Surely no temp
tation could reach him now! Yet
the Spirit led him to the wilderness
where Satan waited for him.
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1949-01-27
Yet Without Sin
Lesson for January 80, 1919

YOU will never feel the current II
you never swim upstream. II
you are a drifter through life you
can hardly know what the