davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-02-15
sWar Crimes Prosecution
| Section Closed in Tokyo
~ the Assoeioted Press

TOKYO, Feb. 15.-The 1nterna-
tional Prosecution Section Of Al
lied headquarters has been for
mally closed, it was announced
today.
Representing II nations Of the
Far East command, the section
prosecuted the long trial Of ex.
Premier Hideki TOTO and other
Japanese war leaders on charges
of conspiracy to wage wars Of
aggression.
OF % defendants indicted Apri
20, 1946, TOTO and six others were
hanged, Is were given life SEN
tences and two received lesser
prison sentences. Two others dice
of natural causes and another was
adjudged insane.
! At it's peak the prosecution Sec
ton employed 277 Allied nationals
and 232 japanese.
Evening star., 1949-02-15
Cherry Blossom Fete
To Be Held April %
AT the Tidal Basin

The Cherry Blossom Festival
will be held at the Tidal Basin
over the week end of April 2 and 8.
A Cherry Blossom ball. the first
in the history of the festivals, will
be held at the Armory the preced-
ing Thursday. March 81. The fes-
tival queen will be selected at the
ball.
The dates were announced yes
terday afternoon at a meeting of
the committee in charge of the
festival in the Offices of the Board
of Trade.
The committee, headed by c. j.
Mack. decided to move the festival
back to the Tidal Basin where it
had been held until last year. 1t
was staged at Hains Point in 1948
when cold weather and a high
wind forced abandonment of part
Of the aquatic program.
These committee chairmen were
announced: Edward J. Kelly, ar
rangements and grounds; John H
Connaughton. city participation;
Frank E. Weakly. hospitality; Ed
gar Morris, invitations; Mai
Gen. Hobart R. Gay, military par
ticipation; Carter Barron and
George Crouch. pageant and mu-
sic: Maj. Robert j. Barrett and
Capt. Mark M. Raspberry. public
order; E. R. Harloff. publicity.
Also. Gene Juster and Bryson
Rash. radio and television: Wash
ington L. Cleveland, signs and dec
orations; Carl M. Walker. State
participation; Edward A. Dent and
Thornton w. Owen. tickets; Henry
M. Cunningham, transportation;
Harold P. Ganss and Jesse Man
beck. ushers; John P. Clifford and
Daniel A. Leonard, water pageant.
Evening star., 1949-02-15
Mrs. Dohehy 10 Speak
Al St. Peter CIaver Center

Mrs. Edward Doherty, Catholic
lay leader, will address a group
of volunteers at 1880 pm. tomor-
row in the st. Peter Claver Cen
ter, 1913 u street NV.
The center was founded recent
ly as the newest Catholic inter-
racial Friendship House. Mrs.
Doherty founded the first Catholic
Friendship House in the move
ment for inter-racial justice II
wears ago.
Evening star., 1949-02-15
Carloads Of Youths Stage
Gun Fight in Goshen Pass
Rx the Associated Press

STAUNTON, Va, Feb. Is
State police today were investigat.
ing a Goshen Pass gun battle Sun.
day night involving several car.
loads of youths from neighborine
towns. e..
| There were no casualties. but
police charged two youths with
felonious shooting. Several cars
were riddled with shots.
Five carloads of Millboro resi-
dents claimed they were "am.
Evening star., 1949-02-15

bushed" about 9 pm. by another
group of cars from Fordwick and
Craigsville. Anderson Robinson
81, and Charles Clifton, 20, both
of Fordwick, were charged with
shooting at an automobile with
intent to kill. main or disf1gure. -
In turn, police said. those ar
rested maintained the Millboro
group started the shooting.
Evening star., 1949-02-15
johnson Is Confirmed
For New ICC Term
By the Associofed Press

The Senate yesterday confirmed
the nomination of Col. j. Monroe
johnson of South Carolina to con-
tinue as a member of the Inter-
state Commerce Commission.
Evening star., 1949-02-15
Recreation Fund Voted

ELKTON, Va, Feb. 15.-The
Elkton Town Council has appro-
priated $3.50 for a recreation pro-
gram for children next summer.
The remaining expense will be
met by local service ORGANIZATIONS.
Evening star., 1949-02-15

He will serve term ending De-
cember 81, 1885. There was no
opposition to Col. johnson, who
also is head OF the Office of De-
fense Transportation.
Evening star., 1949-09-28

oGdIlOl1lS VIloAA-
pion of the public interests. -Le-
land Olds. to another term on
the Federal Power Commission.
Just to freshen the memory and
get the perspective of thee big
issue involved, the Federal Power
Commission. established in 1880
during Herbert Hoover's admins
tration. is charged with regula-
tory authority over electric and
natural gas utilities to see that
you, the consumer. pay fair rates
for the services they render. Con-
gress, representing you. passed the
regulatory laws and created this
commission and delegated it au-
thority to protect your interest.
Too Alert for Interests.
For 10 years, through two
terms. Leland Olds has been alert
to protect your interest-too alert,
in fact, for powerful oil, natural
gas and electric utility interests
which are exerting all sorts of
pressures to get him OF the five
man commission. Among other
things, Mr.. Olds has taken a stand
against proposals in Congress
sponsored by these interests to
weaken existing statutes long ago
passed by Congress-the 1920
Federal Waterpower Act affecting
utility regulation and the 1888
Natural Gas Act-so that the
FPC would be hampered in the
necessary investigatory work pre-
liminary to prescribing fair rates.
Mr.. Olds is "on trial" at public
hearings before Senate Inter-
state Commerce subcommittee
which obviously is packed against
him as an experienced observer
here can plainly see. The plot. of
course, is to hang him privately
behind closed doors.
Southwestern oil and gas in
terests. dominant particularly In
the politics OF Oklahoma and
Texas, are very active. as the list
Of witnesses against him reveals.
Both States are very influential In
this Democratic Congress.
Mr.. Olds is testifying In his
own defense, laboriously going
over a whole life devoted to pub
lie service to refute the usual
Evening star., 1949-09-28

to share a good thing with the
next fellow. I must tell you what
this business is-otherwise won't
be able to write this column.
1t is truff1e farming.
Costly as Pearl Shavings.
Since BIC. times, these black,
rootless. seedless subterranean
fungi of the Ascomycetes family,
have been considered among the
greatest of delicacies by gourmets,
and today If you order a dish
containing them you pay for their
presence as if they were pearl
shavings.
The best truff1es come from the
Perigord region of France and
right now, mainly due to the war,
many acres of land in this section
are for sale. Once you have bor-
rowed the money and bought the
land. all you have to do is borrow
Ia little more money. buy a special
type of midget oak trees and plant
them on your property. No one
knows just why. but the trufnes
won't come to visit your land until
the oaks are established.
After about eight or 10 years
you'll be sitting on the porch Of
you house (for which you have
borrowed the money to buildO and
you'll notice that the grass has
all but disappeared from your
property. This discovery calls for
champagne celebration-unless
you have already exhausted your
credit and are forced to drink wa
ter-because you have become a
'truff1e farmer. Grass won't live
when truff1es are underground.
For the next Is years, at least,
you will have nothing to do. Once
they have formed underground,
truffles just keep on growing
without any form of care. No
water. no spading, no fertilizer. no
nothing.
There's One Catch.
Wait minute. I forgot some
thing. There's one catch. and that
Evening star., 1949-09-28

Is getting the truffles out of
ground. Truff1es usually grow a
foot or more beneath the surface,
and man is no good at locating
them. And neither is any of his
inventions such as a mine detector
or a Geiger counter. It requires
an animal, of which the best is a
pig. with a truffle hound and a
certain species of Sicilian goat fol-
lowing in that order. These ami
mails can spot the truffles by it's
odor without any great difficulty
To train pig for truffle hunt
ing is something else again,
though, and If the truffie farmer
had to master this feat he might
we'll die of old age before his pig
was ready for the chase. Fortu-
nately, this is not necessary. There
are many "caveurs," or truffle
hunters, in France. and all of them
have splendid packs Of knowing
pigs.
When your truff1es are ready
for harvest you call in a "caveur"
with his pig or pigs. and let them
do the work. A truff1e pig ranges
like a bird dog. and when it picks
up the scent gets to roofing. The
"caveur," who has to be strong of
wind and limb, then raps the pig
Evening star., 1949-09-28
Public Servant On 7 rial
Oil and Gas Interests Seen Out to Hang
Leland Olds in Senate Unit Hearing

baseless sort of insinuations so
carelessly made these days against
progressive figures in public serv-
ice. Outstanding men, nationally
known for their expert knowledge
of utilities and utility regulation
and for their activity in behalf
of fair treatment of the public,
are appearing in his defense at
their request. Representatives of
interests which want to get rid
OF him likewise are appearing be-
fore the subcommittee, which is
headed by Senator Lyndon John
son, Democrat Of Texas, hitherto
regarded as q progressive who
now is lined up against Mr.. Olds
and appearing somewhat uncom-
Portable in that role.
Termed "Outstanding."
The issue was well put by
James c. Bonbright, professor of
business and finance at Columbia
University and chairman Of the
New York Power Authority, who
praised Mr.. Olds at the outset for
his magnificent job" on FPC and
termed him lone of the most dis
tinguished and outstanding men"
In the field Of public utility
regulation.
Prof. Bonbright. o recognized
authority, said that administra-
ton Of FPC, to which Mr.. Olds
has made such a valuable contri-
button, has been so good that 1t
has helped the private power in
dustry, keeping it out Of the
dangers that we're so manifest
during its complacency of the
1920's. The abuses of that era,
the watering Of stocks, the 81
phoning off of profits through
manipulations Of holding COM
pany piled on top of holding
company. the pernicious influence
Of utilities in politics-all these
were revealed by the Federal
Trade Commissions exhaustive
six-year investigation beginning
in the late Twenties. He doubted
that the industry would want to
return to those conditions.
No member Of the commission,
he said. has done more than
Leland Olds to maintain the vi
tality of the FPC.
Millions of people," he con-
cluded, "are paying millions less
for public utility services than
they would have If it were not for
the presence Of Leland Olds on
the commission. At the same
time the utility industry has been
very healthy and prosperous.
Evening star., 1949-09-28
.Waialein'S Thin Lifeline
Plane Scarcity Is One of Problems
Besetting L. S. Outpost Forces
Harry Hunun

kWajalein comparatively Is a
metropolis Of 1,700 and also has
visitors who personally feel they
are becoming a little too perma-
Inent-the natives of Bikini who
were evacuated so that spot could
be used. for atomic-bomb tests.
Here, too, American women and
children. including babes in arms.
shop in stores nostaIgically labeled
Macy's and A 81 P.
There are no planes standing
by on either island in case Of trou-
BILE, except one for air-sea rescue
work. II your aircraft develops
an ailment, you stand by and wait
until it can be patched up, wheth-
er 1t be hours or days. The scare
ity Of planes Is not quite as bad
as during the airlift but more are
needed.
Long Hops at Night.
A typical plane load these days
consists Of a sprinkling of the
military. civilians who may be
educators. agricultural experts or
accountants, and dependents who
very often are mothers with small
children, including a babe in arms.
These are long hops. often made
at night. so an effort is made to
accommodate everybody in can
vas litter attached to- the side of
the plane. usually three tiers of
them. Any men left over get
mattresses on the floor.
Fortunately. children fly we'll
and are rarely sick and the young
orderlies who do the Pullman
work are very solicitous Of them.
The safety record over this long
route is very impressive. Never
theless, it is right now no more
than a thin lifeline which, in
case Of trouble. would look very
thin indeed.
Officers fret, too. about the way
dependents are living. They seem,
on the whole. to want them but
they want to do more for them.
The men are cheerful enough,
especially since their tour on any
one Of these Pacific posts has
been cut to one year.
(Released BY The Bell Syndicate. Inc }
Evening star., 1949-09-28

Ol II z SLQOOU. Sohsss"she ofo"h'
Hawley Tariff Act of 1880 and
the retaliations which followed it.
1t was Mr.. Hull who, in those
dark depression days which pre-
vailed when the New Deal was
in its childhood, contended that
one way back to a healthy world
economy was to free the logjam
of foreign trade. That phrase
free the logjam of foreign trade"
recurred endlessly in the years
which preceded World War II.
World economy suffered heavily
from the high American tariff
passed by Congress in 1880. Re-
taliation against American trade
barriers swept through the world,
in very nearly the same way that
Is or more nations followed Great
Britain in devaluation Of the
pound last week.
Exchange CHECKED Off.
1t would have been bad enough
il those retaliations had been
confined to American products.
What made the whole thing really
disastrous for the world economic
structure was the fact that tariff
reprisals against American prod
ucts had to be extended to the
products Of other nations. The
result was that trade barriers
went up everywhere against all
products and the exchange of
products, by which many nations
live, was choked off.
A direct connection can be
drawn between the tariff act of
1880 and the ascent of Hitler in
1888. Out of that ascent and the
failure of the nations of the
world ever to get rid of their eco
nomic hostilities. grew the roots
Of World War II.
1t was Mr.. Hull's firm convic-
ton in the latter part of the sos
that If the whole world could
be won over to the principle of
trade reciprocity-which essenti-
ally is nothing more than q mu-
tual reduction Of trade barriers
the dangers Of World War II
could be greatly reduced.
Evening star., 1949-09-28
This Changing World
All Nations Must Lift Import Barriers
To Free Ioeiam of World Trade

One OF the important phases
of Nazi policy in the years pre-
ceding the war was the drive for
foreign trade. which Germany
needed as desperately as Great
Britain needs it now. She was
forced-as Great Britain has been
forced to do lately-into barter
agreements. But Germany went
further with such things as sub
sides. export marks. blocked ac-
counts, and other devices of eco
nomic nationalism.
What Germany did was to at
tempt to break through the bar
riers to foreign trade by means
which were not only inimical to
other exporting countries, but
were positively antagonistic and
provocative. The final result was
the blacklisting of German prod
ucts in the United States from
the benefits of the reciprocal trade
agreements. Our commercial
treaty with Germany, which con-
tanned the INSTRUMENTATION
clause. was abrogated and the
United States became engaged in
an economic war with Germany
long before we went to war with
her in a military way.
Can Help Free LOgjam,
The new Reciprocal Trade
Agreements Act comes into force
under somewhat different cir
cumstances. with not Germany
now an aggressive force in world
trade, but with Great Britain
and many other countries strug-
Cling with the dollar shortage
and dependent on fresh supplies
Of our currency for their support.
The American Government
pledged itself in the recent con-
ference with British and Cana
dian economic chiefs to do what
ever it could to alleviate Britain's S
difficulties with American tariffs
in getting her goods into this
country. Studies directed toward
this end are under way. The new
Trade Agreements Act may pro-
vide a continuing possibility for
further reduction Of individual
tariffs if not for a more general
reduction.
Although Congress passed this
new act and gives President Tru-
man the means to continue help
ing the British in their search for
dollars, Congress members will
not be slow to protest tariff re-
ductions which give evidence of
injuring substantially American
industries.
Judicially administered, the
new Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Act can help free the postwar
'logjam Of world trade" If it in
duces other countries to cut their
trade barriers, too. II 1t simply
opens the American market with
out prying open the markets Of
other countries, the result will not
be 50 favorable.
Evening star., 1949-09-28
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. c. A-9
WEDNESDAY. SEPTEMBER

over the snout to chase it aside.
and finishes the roofing himself.
You don't have to borrow any
money to pay the "caveur." He Is
paid off with a percentage of the
truffles he gathers.
Isn't it a blessing came to
France and found out about trufle
farming? Up until now I hadn't
decided what I would do when T
grew up.
distributed by McNaught Syndicate, Inc,
Evening star., 1949-09-28

Right now they are running vital
transportation and supply sched-
ules with minimum of planes
and ships. patching up buildings
built during the war to last but
five years and wondering wheth-
er we have assumed power in the
Pacific or only squatters' rights.
Tiny Johnston Island, where a
satirical sign proclaims "Eleva-
ton 7 Feet" had a 1000, 900 ap-
preparation for housing knocked
out of the budget. It's commanding
officer, attractive young Air Force
Colonel Pardue of Hopkinsville
Ky.-who got his West Point ap-
pointment from the Weep and
reads the papers with unusual in
terest these days-is embarrassed
to show visitors how the 100 de-
pendents are housed but has had
to do with what he has. It's prin-
cipally what the Navy left behind
some time ago.
One Room School.
Johnston does have its little rec
schoolhouse for its So children
a one-room structure in which
grades one to seven are taught the
standard curriculum by a young
woman imported from Honolulu
She, lives on the island with the
two nurses who look after the
underground hospital "a busy
place in war days, but now very
quiet. Except for accidents and
allergies which arise from the
coral dust, there is little illness.
Evening star., 1949-09-28

S t eppingstones
to Tokyo.
T he N av Y
and Air Force
men W no are
t r a nsplanting
A m e rica to
coral atolls in
t h e v a S t
stretches of
t he P cific
u6cQ a SQOG III
t n e a r m OF
some kind to
show that their
problems are
pre ated.
Evening star., 1949-09-28

eJ
bilities.
It Is a busi-
ness which re-
quires little or
no work for the
first eight or
10 years. a n d
even less after
that. And the
m o ne y ju s t
rolls in.
In spite Of
my selfis S h.
m e a n. lit tt e
spirit, and my
INV il lingneSS
Evening star., 1949-09-28

6 r e a { issues
here that deep
ly and directly
affect your pub
lie welfare.
There is an
other example
here now in the
attempt Of some
members of the
Senate Inter-
SCaCG commerce
Committee to
defeat conhr-
nation Of a
proved and out
Evening star., 1949-09-28
ADVERTISEMENT
TEETH
Thot Loosen
Need Not Emborrass
ADVERTISEMENT.

Many weares Of false teeth have suf-
fered real embarrassment because their
the wrong time. Do not live in fear of
this happening to you. just sprinkle q
little FASTEETH, the alkaline (non-acid)
more firmly, so they feel more comfort.
able. Does not sour. Checks "plate odor'
(denture breath). Get FASETEETH at
any drug store,
Evening star., 1949-09-28
Bv Constantine Bro,cn

When Cordell Hull, former Sec
retary of State. attended Presi-
dent Truman's signing of the new
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
Monday, he must have been re-
Evening star., 1949-09-28

mlnQeQ OF q
S l m liar cere-
m ny m or e
than Is years
ago when Pres
ident Roosevelt
signed the first
law which put
the principle Of
reciprocity into
American tariff
policy In an ef-
fort to relieve
t he economic
tensions which
had grown out
Of thu Cp,aot-
Evening star., 1949-09-28
By Doris FIeeson

KWAJALEIN (By AirmaiD -
Washington seems not to have
made up its mind what it intends
to do about present aerial-naval
Evening star., 1949-09-28
By Thonas L. Stokes

1t is often the secret maneuver-
ings and manipulations of little
groups of men, your elected public
servants ostensibly, that decide
Evening star., 1949-09-28
McLemore-
Decides What to Do
Now He's Grown Up
Bv Henry McLem0re

PARIS.-Here in France, after
long years of research, I finally
have found a business which is
ideally suited to my temperament
and NV caDa.
Evening star., 1949-09-28

Reproduction rights reserved.t
Evening star., 1949-08-29
Americans on Way Up
Ararat in Hunt for Ark
By The Associated Press

DOGU BAYAZIT, Turkey. Aug.
29.-Five Americans are toiling
up three high Mount Ararat
today to see if Noah's Ark lies
on the summit. ,,.-.l .
They left this isolated village
yesterday morning and no word
is expected from the group max.
ing the perilous ascent until to-
morrow at the earliest.
The Russians have protested
strenuously that the search for
the Ark is merely a blind for a
spying expedition-Mount Ararat
is on the Turko- Russian border.
The searchers include Dr.. Aaron
j. Smith, 81. retired missionary
from Greensboro, N. c.; Walter
Wood, SO, development engineer
Of Sea Cliff, Long Island; Wen
dell Ogg. "a. Of Knoxville, Tenn,
physicist at the Oak Ridge atomic
energy plant; E. j. Newton, 46,
interior decorator of Colfax. N.
c., and Associated Press Core
spondent Edwin Greenwald.
Five Turks are accompanying
them.
Evening star., 1949-08-29


Commission officials explain that
these people have moved their
residence from the District to
nearby Maryland and Virginia
areas and vice versa, and conse-
quently haven't been able to
establish their legal one years
residence.
The measure now goes to House
Senate conference to iron out
some minor amendments and will
then go to the White House for
President Truman's signature.
+\+ y
COMMISSION-The Civil Service
Commission apparently isn't going
to wait until it's new chairman is
appointed before starting its re-
organization under its new au-
thority.
The commission this week will
announce an important number of
changes in its operations. There's
considerable talk that many of
the commissions top-flight off,
cials are putting their own units
in order. so that they will have a
better chance Of retaining their
Jobs when the commission new
chairman is appointed. The new
chairman will have the power to
hire and fire among the top per-
sonnel.
AGRICULTURE-Thirteen Ag-
riculture Department employees
here have been given cash awards
for meritorious suggestions. They
are:
Maurice j. Orler. Timothy W.
Callahan, Isabelle F. Bartz, Davis
H. Wilson. John, J. Kaminski
Henry Mann, Edward Mernone,
Evelyn Grossman, John Writ,