davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Foreign Shorts

KASSEL, Germany-West German min
ers may soon be sent to work brow. coal'
Oignite) deposits in the Reinickendo.i sec
ton of blockaded Berlin.
BIRMINGHAM, England.-Chairman Wal
ter Higgs Of the Chamber of Commerce. just
back from the United States says American
lawmakers plan to initiate those experiments
of British socialism which turn out well.
BANGKOK, Siam.-Siam hopes 10000, 900
peasants will learn to read and write
through its leach one teach one" program.
Every graduate of an adult course under
takes to pass his learning on.
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Corn Us. Rice

Occupation authorities in Tokyo report
the japanese are responding well to attempts
to teach them to eat corn instead OF rice.
Besides lessening the demand on short world
rice supplies, if 80 900 900 japanese learn to
like corn they might provide quite an outlet
for the American Middle West.
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Capital Periods

Army Chemical Corps and United States
Fish and Wild Life Service have developed
an improved carbon monoxide cartridge for
control Of outdoor rodents. About
6.ooo,ooo.ooo pounds Of rice, largest crop in
Korea's history. is expected to be raised this
year in the former United States occupation
zone. "A "curled casein f1lament" developed
by Agriculture Department scientists from
milk Is going into use in automobile air
f1lterS
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Stranded Chinese

The Economic Cooperation Administra-
ton (ECA) is expected to begin disbursing
$50O,OOo soon in behalf of some $500 Chinese
students stranded in the United States by
collapse of the Chinese currency. The money
will come out of ECAs Chinese allotment
Evening star., 1949-03-06

II houses of the village Of Hallsands, Devon,
on the south coast. Acres Of farm soil are
swelling off shore sand banks. A coast pro-
lection bill is before Parliament. which al
ready has appropriated 100000 for emer-
Qency work
Evening star., 1949-03-06

If every one has read the $1,000 prize
poem, written in a mental hospital, Ezra
Pound might like to have 1t back to cut up
into dolls.
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Spires Of the Spirit

LET freedom ring" is now more than .
line In poem which every American knows
by heart. 1t is q battle-cry against coercion
which advances with slavish chains for the
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Reverse English

LONDON-The waves may rule Britannia
If coast erosion isn't halted. Parts OF the
NortlrSea shore are crumbling at the rate OF
3 feet 4 week. The sea has swallowed OF
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Trick Wing

West Coast manufacturer is working on
an experimental plane with a wing which
can be changed from a straight shape 1or
takeoff and landing to swept-back form for
high speed.
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Fifty Years Ago

ITO be the best known individual of race
Of ten millions of people" said The Star of
February 25 1899, "is
Proise for Leoder no small responsible
Booker Washington 1ty, and yet that IS
Evening star., 1949-08-16
Forest Cathedral

Beneath the forests arched and uaulted
trees
Whose flying buttreSses support the night,
We come 1oith breathless step to this dim
Lit by the pd1lid candles of the moon.
Hush nop the clamorous, irsistent heart,
Arrest the ardent pulsing of the blood,
Within the cloister of this Virgin ,Dood
Diuine and tender beauty d,Dells at peace.
Here the communion cup is 1oet ,Dith dep,
our opened thought receiues the bread OF
life;
Such love Hpes here ,1ithin these leaty
disles,
The spirit eased, the soul sustained and
free,
Earth's burdens jail before this heavenly
strength;
We gaze beyond these pointed spires, and
hear
Aboue the bo,Ded heads of the deodars
The singing of the choirs of the ,otnd
HELEN ROWE HENZE.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
The Army in Good Hands

General J. LaWton Collins is well
equipped to succeed General Omar Brad
ley as Army Chief of Staff. At SO, vet
eran of both world wars, he is one of the
Nations most distinguished and most
Hkeable military leaders. Rich in ability
and experience both as an administrative
officer and a field commander, he can be
counted upon not merely to keep the
ground forces in the best possible condi-
tion, but also to make an important con-
tribution to the cause of inter-service in
tegration in which he firmly believes.
In the Second World War, besides doing
an excellent job as the War Departments S
Director of information General Collins
whose troops at Guadalcanal nicknamed
him lightning oe"-established record
in the South Pacific and Europe that has
won him a place of lasting fame in our
military history. Colorful and aggressive,
he was one of the best and hardest-hitting
of American commanders in the European
theater, leading his celebrated 7th Corps
through long series of great victories
over the Nazis-seizing Utah Beach in the
Normandy landings, freeing Cherbourg,
breaking through at st. Lo, cracking the
Siegfried Line, capturing Aachen, crossing
the Rhine at Remagen Bridge, and going
on from there to link up, finally, with the
Russians at the Elbe.
General Collins will feel anything but
strange in his new post. Although pr1-
marily fighting officer, he has also DEM
onstrated outstanding administrative tai
ent. Indeed since becoming Vice Chief of
Staff last october, he has frequently served
more or less as the acting chief while Gen.
eral Bradley, who IS moving up now to
become chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
the Army, Navy and Air Force, concen-
trated on policy making in connection
with the effort to unity the services. Gen.
eral Collins thus will find himself pretty
much at home in the big and important
task that has just been delegated to him.
Moreover, being strong advocate of team
work and a man whose ideas are not the
slaves of traditions which have become
obsolete in the atomic age, he has the
viewpoint needed throughout our military
establishment to promote uniflcation.
General Bradley has been such top
notch Chief of Staff that his successor
will have quite job trying to match his
record But General Collins, by virtue of
what he has achieved already-behind the
desk as well as on the battlefield-is amply
qualified to match it. Certainly, viewed
from any angle, his appointment to the
post is as reassuring as it is excellent.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
We Log in Jet AirIiners

News dispatches from England support
the warning which Civil Aeronautics Ad
miniStrator Delos w. Rented has given
Congress about Americas tagging develop
ment of jet-powered commercial planes.
Mr.. Rented, testifying on bill to stimulate
research on and production of transport
planes, declared that Britain's new De
Havilland jet airliner is serious threat
to American aviation.
Reports of the first tests recently with
the British airliner at Hatfield, England,
indicate that American manufacturers
have been left far behind in jet airliner
development. In its first public demon
stration the appropriately named Comet
amazed spectators with its size, speed and
maneuverability. Built behind wall of
secrecy, the big ship has swept-back wings,
fuselage capable of carrying thirty six
passengers and four Ghost jet engines
that project the plane through the air at
five hundred miles an hour or more. It's
pressurized cabin is designed for attitudes
of up to forty thousand feet. A huge
tricycle. landing gear permits smooth take
offs and landings. Its range is 1900 miles.
Sixteen of the big ships are under con-
struction-two for the Ministry of Supply
and the remainder for British Overseas
Always and British South American Air
ways The first of these planes is not
expected to be in operation until 1852.
But America has nothing to compare with
the De Havilland Comet. Several manu-
facturers have drawing-b board versions Of
proposed jet airliners. Boeing, for example,
has announced that it is considering build
ing jet airliner along the lines of the
Air Force six-jet Bat bomber.
American industry does not have the
advantage which the De Havilland Com
pany had. The British government gen.
erously subsidized the Comets production,
so that the heavy initial development cost
did not fall on the aviation industry A
bill pending before the Senate Commerce
Committee is designed to remedy the situa-
ton in this country. 1t would set up a
board in the Department of Defense to
finance and supervise development of new
type transport planes, including jets, with
Evening star., 1949-08-16
Gives His Views About Causes
OF Hoover Depression.
r. -. Rd;for of The Star.

OF Hoover Depression.
70 the Editor OF The star
Poor old Frank Kent must be on his last
Journalistic legs!
He has twisted facts raved at and abused
the late President Roosevelt. Apparently
he would have us believe that F. D. r. was
individually and personally responsible
for every poor appointment and every error
of judgement during his long occupancy OF
the high Office of President, whereas, MI
Hoover was in no wise responsible 1or the
manv errors of his administration.
Certainly Mr. Hoover did not, with malice
aforethought, bring on the worst depression
in our history, but he and his predecessors
put big business in the saddle and what was
done to the American people Is matter
of record that even the irresponsible Mr.
Kent cannot explain away.
The best that Mr.. Kent and his type can
do is to abuse patriotic officials who tried,
to the best Of their ability. to right some OF
the sundry wrongs inflicted upon the public
in the hope that big business may be for
given or the depression forgotten.
Some New York banks loaned call money
as high as 80 per cent per apnum, and"
said one bank official, "The gamblers would
give so per cent or even 100 per cent II
they can make money on it." This drained
off money from the other areas OF the
country, encouraged speculation and brought
on imitation. Mr.. Hoover's administration was
ignorant, Indifferent or asleep to the situa-
ton. Something had to happen! +. r. M.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
Judicial Salaries

Senator McCarran and Representative
Ceiler have introduced legislation calling
for an increase in the salaries OF Federal
Judges. They propose that the salary OF
the Chief Justice of the United States be
Increased from the present $25,o0O' 10
$4,000 a year. All other Federal judges
would receive increases of $1,000 year,
resulting in the following salaries: ASso-
ciate Justices of the Supreme Court,
$4,000; judges of the United States Courts
of Appeals, $22, 500; judges of the Court OF
Claims, $22,50O; judges of the Court OF Gus
toms and Patent Appeals, $22,50O; judges
of the United States Districts Courts,
$4,000 (the Chief Judge of the local Dis
trict Court would receive s20,5OO), and
$4,000 each for the judges of the United
States Customs Court, the District Courts
OF the Virgin Islands, Alaska and the Canal
Zone, and the Tax Court.
There are persuasive reasons why this
legislation should be passed. In the first
place, it would not add unreasonably to
the cost of Government. At the present
time the cost of the judicial establishment
is about nineteenth of l per cent of
the total appropriation for the Govern
ment. The salary Increases, if approved,
would involve an additional gross expendi-
ture of $1,689,5O0 and about 40 per cent
of that would be returned to the Treasury
in taxes.
Another reason lies in the historic re-
lationship which has prevailed between
judicial salaries and the salaries OF OH
cials in the executive department. For
example, the salaries of, Cabinet officers
have been maintained, except for one tenn
porary dislocation, at level $2,500 above
that of circuit judges and $4,000 above that
of district judges. Congress is going to
increase the salaries of Cabinet officers to
$685. 900, and the proposed increases for the
Judges would maintain the salary relation
ship which has prevailed for many years.
A more compelling reason, however, has
to do with the equities of the case. The
Federal judges have had but one salary
increase since 1926, and the effect OF that
has been largely vitiated by the decision
in 1899 that their salaries were subject to
income tax. In the case of circuit judge,
for example, his salary in 1948 was $l7,500
rs against $12,5OO in 1926. But his net
gain, because of the tax change, was only
S1,776. And this means, If the rise in the
cost of living be taken into account, that
the salary of Federal judge, in terms OF
what it will buy for himself and his fam
lily, is substantially less today than it was
twenty-five years ago.
The desirability of correcting this condi-
ton hardly requires argument. But it
ought to be pointed out that with few ex-
ceptions lawyers of outstanding ability
and the exacting duties of the office call
for competent men-are not apt to be at
tracted to the Federal bench as long as
the distinction that goes with the post is
more than Offset by salary scale that is
punitive in its effect.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
Letters to The Star
Reaffirms Traditional View Of Government
As Protector of Self Reliant Individualism

ReaffirmS Traditional View Of Government
As Protector of Self Reliant Individualism.
To the Editor of The Star
Every American who is true American
should heartily applaud the splendid and
thought-provoking speech of former Presi-
dent Herbert Hoover, delivered at STAN
ford University on August 10. For Mr..
Hoover, with his vast experience in govern
mental organization, has vividly laid before
the eyes of the American people the impend-
ing danger of collectiviSm
Vast government spending and higher
taxes are sapping the average American of
his savings and his individual economic Sc
curity. The work day American, whether
he be laborer or white collar worker, is
an individual with his own hopes and dreams
and the founding fathers of this great coun-
try formed governmental system designed
to foster political, social and economic in
dividualism. 1t is a system intended to make
every man a capitalist in his own right. and
it is meant to allow him to make his own
investments and ventures without the in
reference of debating government
But today there is an ugly black shadow
moving over us. 1t is the shadow of mass
government control and top-heavy bureau
cracy which is crushing Americans and rob-
bing them of their individual economic and
political security. 1t is allowing the SPEND
thrfts and squanderers to play havoc with
the hard-earned money of the average Amer
ican. It is forcing him to become subserv-
lent to government control.
Such measures as Federal aid to education
and socialized medicine are examples of
this Corrupt State and local governments
are lot to blame for our poor educational
system. 1t is the graft, the rake off," the
special favors and privileges that prevent
States from providing ADEQUATE funds for
education. 1t should be the people and not
the Federal Government that should rectify
this condition where it exists.
Adequate military protection is must"
in these times. and here the Federal Gov
eminent should utilize every resource to
provide this. But it is not the prerogative
of the Federal Government to control the
lives and economic ventures of every indi-
vidual
In Europe We see control of government in
operation. 1t is manifested in communism
and socialism. Give it any term you wish, it
still is totalitarism, whether it be achieved
by force or by governments drawing upon
individuals until impending bankruptcy
forces them under central control
Over 300 years ago. our ancestors began
to come to this country in order to escape
the effects of European decadence They
established a system of government which
would insure individual freedom and Sc
curity. Today this individual freedom and
security are being imperiled by the economic
course which the Government is following
Mr. Hoover has brought this out clearly
and everyone should take cogniZance of his
words. A lot of thinking should be done con-
corning this problem and lot of action
should be taken to ward off the menace of
collectivism. WILLIAM j. CARRIER.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
Miss BARRYMORE at Seventy

At threescore and ten Ethel Barrymore
has reached the Prophets designated
maturity of years. The Nationwide salute
to her achievement of the highest position
In the American theater Ito be rebroad-
cast over WNAL tonight) was recognition
of her SEVENTEEN birthday anniversary.
She cheerfully admits to more than half
a century on the stage. But she does not
look her age or act it. Rather, she seems
merely on the verge of the middle bracket
of her career. She has maintained that
place for a long while, and there seems
to be no present prospect that she ever
Intentionally will move beyond it. II she
does not have youth, it also is true that
she does not make any concession to
antiquity.
Miss Barrymore already has lived five
years longer than Eleonora DuSe. But she
Is nearly a decade the junior of Sarah
Bernhardt when that great French star
finished her career. True enough, the
famous Mrs. Siddons quit the boards at
sixty-four; and there have been flocks of
other female thespians of the highest
station who have retired comparatively
early. On the other hand, Dame May
Whitty still was working at eighty three.
And Brother Lionel is going strong despite
the fact that he is. Ethel's senior and
chained to wheelchair by arthritis.
So it we'll might be Miss Barrymore's
youthfulness that her public is celebrat-
ing Her hair is not gray, her Mace and
hands are unwrinkled and her voice-well,
where do we find its peer, let alone any,
thing of the sort to excel it as an instru-
ment of art? The beauty of her speech
is so well known that when she recited
the Rosary as an anonymous member OF
q large company recruited for radio
presentation of it in choral form she
instantly was recognized by thousands OF
listeners. No one else has such nobility
of tone, such control, such governance o1
utterance. Her nearest rival is Winston
Churchill.
The explanation of the artistry of this
first lady is, obviously, her incisive intelli-
gence. She is no accident of unearleo
success On the contrary, she has wor
her mphs-continues to win them
through the arduous exercise of a brair
Evening star., 1949-08-16

of the first order. The labor is authentic.
Even casual spectator realizes that Ethel
Barrymore gives her mind unreservedly
to the business before her. That she I'M
plements it with her heart also Is SELF
evident There is generous warmth In
her every effort
Evening star., 1949-08-16

a view to using them in time of war. This
plan in general was recommended by the
Presidents Air Policy Commission and by
the Congressional Aviation Policy Board.
Unless some such program is adopted, pri-
vate industry is not likely to take the risks
involved in conducting radical researches
in the field which Britain has invaded with
so much success.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
Inquiries About Segregation
In the Hereafter

Lne Herea1Ler
To the Editor Of The Star:
Your correspondent of August 8, r. E. S.,
wants to find men and women who live in
Washington who are big enough and have
courage enough to take care of their own af-
fairs. I agree that our officials should not be
obliged to go to Chicago for advice on how
We should operate our swimming pools
However, r. E. S. in taking his stand
against nonsegregation unfairly presumes to
speak for the people of Washington. He says,
Let the white and black races each have
pools of their own Nonsegregation should
not be forced ON the people -. 1t is definitely
undesirable = -.e1
Doesn't R. E. S. realize that we the resi-
dents and property owners of Washington
have to pay out more dollars for taxes to
maintain our present system of forced segre-
cation? We could put that money to our
own uses much better, and at the same time
give more benefit to the citizens of Wash
ington, regardless of their color.
would like to ask r. E. S.: What happens
to us when we die-all of us-white and
black? Does God have two Heavens so we
can have segregation there? Are there two
hells, too, so we can have segregation while
we burn? THOMAS PEARSON.
Evening star., 1949-08-16

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
1Driter, although it is permissible TOR
1Uriter kno1Dn to The Star to use
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1949-08-16

No name has been put forward for the
successor to the new look. For the mo-
ment, however, there is the French bath
ing suit, or second look
Evening star., 1949-08-16

their action. This was done as a courtesy,
not as an MMP shipping policy rule for the
companies to follow.
Now, Capt. Goodrich may claim that
the MMP secured better working conditions
for its members. But they did not-all
seamen of the war area, whether sailors.
masters or mates, owe their thanks to the
National Maritime Union the Sailors In
dependent Union and the Sailors Union Of
the Pacific, for their bargaining with the
shipping operators. 1t was they, not the
MN1P. who secured higher wages, fair over
time and better working conditions in gen.
eral. The ships officers received their higher
wages in proportion to the wage increases
secured for the unlicensed personnel by their
respective unions. I may add that 1t was
very, very seldom that an MNP representa-
tive appeared other than to collect dues.
I grant, that many retired "shipmasters"
did return to the sea when the war was
being won. These are the men that sailed
the perilouS seas and supplemented the
Navys and Coast Guards urgent need for
experienced merchant captains The leeches
that sat in the MMP halls as officers of
locals or who waited ashore for night relief
duty, certainly cannot fill this category.
Although the maritime graduates lacked
the many years experience of the "focsle'
mates, the knowledge they did have was put
forth with vigor. loyalty and sobriety. At
this time, the elder, active members Of the
MMP should have forgotten their petty
jealousies for schoolship men and aided
their inexperienced colleagues. instead of
gathering ashore and shooting the breeze"
about how much they did not know.
To bring the United States Merchant
Marine up to the standards of what 1t was
in the last century is a very difficult task.
1t will require expenditures, but what Is
more important, cooperation among the
seagoing personnel. 1t will take experienced
men, but the last so years has proven it will
take more than that. 1t requires an anti
dote of skill knowledge and training; this
can be supplied by academy graduated men.
CYRIL LESLIE MADISON.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question OF
fact by writing The Evening Star, Washington
b c. information Bureau, 3l6 Eye st. NE, wash
inston 9 D. C. Please ineose three t3) cents for
return postage.
Evening star., 1949-08-16

Running counter to all past experience
is the current success story, Alben Bark
ley's Life Begins in the Vice Presidency
Evening star., 1949-08-16

To read while running is hard enough.
Fancy though, penning 1,054page white
paper on China while backing up.
Evening star., 1949-08-16

Next to couple of Hawaiian songs, the
remarks on acceptance of the Office by
any two new national party chairmen
sound most alike.
Evening star., 1949-08-16
By THE HASKEN SERVICE

c. Why does silver become tarnished when
It comes in contact with eggs?-H. w. T.
A. The. sulphur in the egg forms black
ish silver sulphide over the surface of ar
ticles made of silver.