davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-10-25
DeveIopinq Africa

1t is generally believed that the develop
ment of Africa offers a solution to the
economic difficulties of Western Europe,
bereft of its former world primacy in trade
and threatened with the loss of Asiatic
markets and sources of raw materials.
Africa's Importance to Europe had begun
to be realized even before the late war,
but the disastrous consequences of that
struggle have sharpened that realization.
Accordingly, the European powers which
control the greater part of Africa are
busy with plans for its economic trans
formation. This applies especially to
tropical Africa, which at present is the
least developed and the richest in natural
resources.
Four nations control virtually all of this
vast region, extending from the southern
fringe of the Sahara desert to the con-
tinent's temperate southern tip, already
fairly well developed and with a govern
ment of it's own-the South African Union.
Britain has the proverbial lions share of
tropical Africa, though France and Belgium
do not come far behind Portugal, despite
its considerable holdings, has as yet done
or effectively planned little in this develop
mental process.
AS might have been expected from its
postwar problems of foreign trade and
raw material needs, Britain has gone the
farthest in developmental planning. I'm
mediately after the war, the British gov
ernment set up an organization called the
Colonial Development Corporation, which,
though covering the whole of Britain's
remaining colonial possessions throughout
the world, made British tropical Africa
its major field of endeavor. Other agencies
such as the Overseas Food Corporation,
plus grants, public loans and private in
vestment yield the enormous sum Of
620,000000 sterling provided for develop
mental projects, mostly in Africa, during
the next decade. These projects range
from basic improvements, such as COM
munications and sanitation, to govern
ment-subsidized developments, largely
agricultural, and ventures financed by
private capital.
Although notable beginnings have been
made, the results thus far have not been
as rapid or as remunerative as had been
hoped, The sheer immensity of the prob
lem is one factor often overlooked.
Britain's dependent territories in Africa
cover 100000 square miles, divided into
many segments and with total popu-
lation of 6O,0O0,OO0, mostly uneducated and
unskilled, and mainly on primitive level.
For the co-ordinated development of this
vast total, far more than the sums already
earmarked is needed. With impoverished
postwar Britain's financial limitations,
careful ALLEGATION is renl1ired And thuS
far, American private capital has not dis
Evening star., 1949-10-25

of faith" now on exhibition at the Library
is not truly the one delivered to Christ in
the synagogue at Nazareth. It is possible
that He never held it in His hands, never
read from 1t the beautiful words begin
ming: "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me"
Even so the document is fragment Of
the past which should be seen by all who
appreciate the continuity of human his
tory. It would be important If it repre-
sented the conceptions of teacher much
more modern, much more recent than the
son of AmOz
Evening star., 1949-10-25
Faith, Hope and the U. N.

At the cornerstone ceremonies OF the
United Nations in New York, President
Truman went to the heart of the matter
in declaring that this event in the young
and embattled life of the U. N. should be
looked upon as an act of faith In the ability
of mankind to surmount today's bitter
differences and build an enduring struc-
ture of world peace.
The requisites to that end, in the
Presidents words, are respect for human
rights, the promotion of economic develop
ment in backward areas, and system
for the control of weapons, particularly
atomic weapons This is an obvious thing
to say, but because of its very obviousness
it tends to become indistinct in the
essentially subordinate multiplicity of is
sues that bedevil the world only because
the requisites are still missing.
So it is good that the President has re-
stated the obvious. If there were universal
human rights, If the economies of back
ward areas were healthy and II there
were real control of armaments, the world
would have no great difficulty in establish
ing collective security and decent and
lasting peace. AS far as the U. N. is con-
cerned, it is the only instrument existing
to attain the three requisites and thus
fulfill the hope of peoples everywhere
for better life. That is why continuing
faith in the organization is thing of
prime Importance; disbelief in it, cynicism
or defeatism in it, could be fatal
But it is not enough simply to believe.
AS the President has said, in the familiar
phrase, faith without works is dead"
More is needed than the mere indorse-
ment of human rights, economic progress
and disarmament. Concrete action must
be taken, step by step, year by year, to
translate them into reality The present
stalemate cannot continue indefinitely
Sooner or later, it must end. Otherwise, the
U. N. and all the hope it represents will
wither away.
Speaking for the United States, the
President has expressed confidence that
the stalemate will be broken, If the ma
tions keep everlastingly working" at the
task of hammering out agreements. Right
now such confidence may seem to be little
more than whistling in the teeth of the
wind. Still, faith is said to be force that
can move mountains. AS long as the U. N.
holds together and Russia and the West
ern Powers continue to make serious use
of it, there will be good reason to believe
In 1t and hope for the best.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
Virginia Prisoners

There is considerable nonsense, and
perhaps some truth, in the charges made
by California legislator against Virginia's
penal system.
The Californian, Vernon Fitzpatrick. did
not visit any of the State road camps, in
which one would expect to find the worst
conditions. Instead, he visited a few of
the best of Virginia's penal institutions,
in which he found much to praise, and
then apparently was content to rest his
verbal blast on what ne had been told
by others.
It should be remembered that Mr..
fitzpatrick is intervening in behalf Of cne
of his California constituents, who is a
fugitive from Virginia road camp and 1t
is fair inference that his comments are
colored by his special interest in that case.
At any rate, it is nonsense to complain
OF armed guards. tear gas guns and solitary
confinement for unruly prisoners These
devices may be offensive to Mr. Fitzpatrick,
but they are necessary to the operation
OF penal system
Another of Mr. Kilpatricks charges was
that "a thousand men lie wrapped nightly
AAA SAAeaAAAo o0ouo yOul- 0Idtc. Ills Is not
true OF any of the institutions visited by
the Californian. If it is true at all, it is
true Of the road camps which, for some
reason, he did not visit
Last July, the director of Virginia s
Department of Welfare and Corrections
announced that definite plans had been
made to build three permanent road camps,
and that this was the first step toward
replacing all OF the temporary structures,
This meant that the "bull chain"-a chain
running through the temporary structures
to which prisoners are shackled at night
was on its way out. Certainly the bull
chain and similar devices ought to 20.
Without regard to Mr.. Kilpatrick's quest
for headlines, the Virginia Legislature. or
some other competent authority, ought to
make certain that every reasonable effort
Is being exerted to this end.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
To q Poet Who Showed Promise

There ,oas time 1ohen your young pen
Dre,o sudden blood from the ,Dhite page,
When every aDord ,oas like ,oind
Blo,oing trost-clear upon this age
Surteited tDith the clever mind. a
But you are constorted, are safe, {
Who once ,Dere lonely and afraid.
Your aDords are round and polished nous,
You haze forgotten aOhat you said
When pity shadoaOed your quiet bro,r.
You ,Dho ,oere prophet, sing your
pleasant tune
Suited to lovers and to June,
But remember 1oords that split apart
The pinter fortress of the heart!
SARA VAN ALSTYNE ALLEN.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Where is the Indian chief Osceola
buried? WD
A. Oscsola was buried beside old Fort
Moultrie III t+5uth Carolina There is a
tradition that the grave was opened and the
head removed by unknown persons" Later,
1t supposedly appeared in New York side
walk museum in a jar Of alcohol. Osceola.
who was one-fourth white. was leader Of
the Indians during the first half Of the
Seminole War 1835-42
@. Are the tickets for the World Series
games printed before the pennant winners
are decided?-H. D.
A. There is league ruling that any team
which is near to winning the league pennant
and thus to competing in the World Series,
must have tickets printed Every year, there
fore, some team has to throw away tickets.
@. What were the Jewish names for the
days of the week? w. E.J =
A. The Jews had no special names for the
days of the week. designating them simply by
numbers as the first day." second day.
etc. The only exception was the seventh
day, which was also called the Sabbath. d"
@. What is the color of the flower of the
bittersweet plant? H. l.. b 0s
A. The flower is greenish-white color. In
autumn the plant developes clusters Of
orange berry-like capsules which split open
after frost disclosing the bright red cover
ings Of the seeds.
Q. Who first used the term anesthesia?-
H. r. @.
A. The use Of the terms anesthesia anes-
thetic and anesthetist was suggested by the
distinguished scholar and poet Oliver Wen
dell Holmes. professor of anatomy at Har-
ward.
@. Is cut glass still being NADER. M.
A. The type of cut glass that was popular
"a generation or more ago is rarely produced
now, because the process Is expensive. Some
cutting is done by grinding away large
masses of glass and by pressing the glass
against moving wheels of sandstone or car
borundum.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address of the
10riter, although it is permissible for
Writer kno1On to The Star to use
nom de plume Please be brief.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
Remembers When Bucky Harris
Had Winning Team


I would, just like to ask I. j. why he didn't
sign his full name to his denunciation of
Bucky Harris return? I wonder where he
was in 1947 when the Yankees, behind Har-
ris won the championship; or this past sea-
son, when he lifted the San Diego club from
seventh to fourth place.
No, I'm not saying that the 1850 Mats will
win the pennant with Bucky back. but, with
any help from Griff do believe they will be
an improved club. one the true fans will be
loyal to.
ANN DEGAST.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
RAYMOND G. MARX,
Speaking Of Court Martials,
He Wants Vaughan Disciplined, Too

He Wants Vaughan Disciplined, Too
To the Editor Of The Star:
Gen. Carl spaatz in an article in News
week, October II, says: "The naval officers
have defied not only the Secretary of the
Navy but their Commander in Chief and
Congress. whose laws governing the armed
services are made in the name Of the whole
people. They must. Of course, be disciplined"
May I laugh out loud at all this and be
concerned at the same time. for only few
days ago. read Of general who said he is
responsible to two people. his wife and the
Evening star., 1949-10-25
Questions and Answers

A reader get the answer to any question
please inelose three iS cents for return postage.
Bureau. 316 Eye st. ne, Washington 2, D. c.
Evening star., 1949-10-25

the old romance between politics and
bipartisan foreign policy enters twilight
stage. There are no hard feelings but
each must live its own life.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
Senator LANCER Was Not First
To Sit While Addressing Senate


The press faithfully reported that Sena-
tor LANCER was seated in the Senate while
addressing that body. The press comment
was that q precedent was SET It would
appear that the reporters have forgotten
their history.
While it may have been a precedent for
the Senate, certainly it was not precedent
for Congress.
Let's 60 back bit: Alexander H. Stephens,
you will recall. was elected Vice President
of the Confederacy somewhat against his
will. In January, 1866, he was elected to the
United States Senate but was prevented
from taking his seat along with others from
the rebel" States. In 1872, although re-
duced by rheumatism to crutches and a
wheel chair, he was elected to Congress. I
have heard it stated that he was brought
to the floor Of Congress in his bed, but while
I do not know this to be a fact do know
that history records that he was wheeled
to the floor Of Congress and while in his
chair he made one Of the most brilliant and
inspired speeches ever made before that
body.
Evening star., 1949-10-25

President, and to add insult to his mill
tary superiors and the American public, who
tolerate him. continued: land the rest can
-" using suppose some expression with
which most people are familiar To top it
off. the people whom he was addressing ap-
plauded loudly.
Doesn't he too, defy not only the Secre-
tary of War, the Army Chief of Staff and
Congress, whose laws governing the armed
forces are made in the name of the whole
people?"
What has Gen. Spaatz to say about dis
ciplinary action for Gen. Vaughan, whose
offense is much graver than Crommelins s.?
Are we. the American public, to understand
that his speech and actions are conducive to
military discipline? He should be subjected
to court martial, as is recommended for
others who are fighting for cause
DISGUSTED.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
Horse Cars Were Slower
But There Was Plenty to See

But Inere was flenty 10 See
To the Editor Of The Star:
In re 1.-THE Citys Oldest Transit Rider"
most Of us seem to have forgotten the old
one-horse cars "The Upper Line" that
came into old Georgetown via street from
Dupont Circle to Thirty fifth street, then
south on Thirty-f1fth street to o street,
where they remained for eight minutes to
take on passengers, then east on o street
and Dumbarton avenue to Twenty eighth
street, then north to o street again, then
east to Dupont Circle and into Washington
via Connecticut avenue H street, etc.
These were small one-horse cars that car
ried no conductors. You got your ticket or
change in envelopes through a slide in the
drivers door, then you deposited your fare
in a glass box, the driver turned a lever
and your fare dropped into a locked box
which was opened by a collector at the
barn on P street. just west Of the P street
bridge over Rock Creek Park. Here a fresh
horse was attached to the car and the one
that had made the trip was put up for a
rest.
One of the points of interest on this trip
was a fence made of old gun barrels along
home on the Southeast corner of Twenty
eighth and streets. think Admiral Mich
olson built this fence of old condemned rifle
barrels soon after the Civil War. It still
stands today.
Many day-students who attended Old
Georgetown College and the Academy of
Visitation used this route to and from their
classes. I do hope many Of them are on
the top side Of this good old world of ours.
w. SEYMOUR MCLEAN.
Evening star., 1949-10-25

Alfred Zivers Used Rented Violin
As Substitute for One Burned in Russia
To the Editor of The STAR
Alice Eversman in her writeup of Alfred
Zivers' recent violin recital at Pierce Hall,
commented upon the type of violin used.
I wonder whether she knows that Mr..
Zivers, a Iatvian lost his own beautiful in
strument as he fled from Riga. It was
burned by the Russians.
In order to have one suitable for his con-
cert, he went to Philadelphia to rent the very
expensive one he used here.
An experience such as his might well ac-
count for what the critic calls "a lack Of
sufficient nervous control
RUTH E. DeGROOT
Evening star., 1949-10-25
SAYS Arnold Lines Seek Increase
In Fare Not Justified BY Wage Boosts

Says Arnold Lines Seek Increase
In Fare Not Justified BY Wage Boosts
To the Editor Of The Star:
The Washington. Virginia and Maryland
Coach Co. (Arnold Lines) has applied to the
Interstate Commerce Commission and the
Virginia State Corporation Commission Tor
a general scent fare increase, ef1ectlVe
october "a. The company has let 1t be
known that the fare increase is needed TO
pay an arbitration boards award OF higher
wages to drivers and mechanics
Bus riders are entitled to know that the
wage award (Which the company has so far
failed to put into effect) will cost the COM
pany $165, 900 year-by the company's own
estimate The fare increase will cost the
public about 100000 year, or "a times
the wage award-again by the company's
own estimate.
The Arlington Civic Federation estimates
the fare increase at $587 900, or 35 times the
wage award. (These figures are taken from
the letter of S. Harrison Kahn, counsel for
the company, dated October IT, replying to
protests filed by the Arlington Civic Fedora
ton, the Arlington County Board and the
City of Falls Church; and Mr.. Kahn's letter
Of October Is. replying to the protest OF the
Progressive Party of Northern Virginia.
both letters being filed with the Interstate
Commerce Commission)
Mr.. Kahn's letter of October II further
indicates that company profits so far in
1949 have been running at rate of $45.000
year. on a net profit basis. If "net" means
after taxes" as the public understands the
word it may be presumed that profits before
taxes are running in excess of $4,000 year.
The wage award which the company says
will completely offset" profits would come
out of profits before taxes. and part of its
cost would be absorbed by Federal and State
governments in reduced taxes
The Kahn letters completely fail to answer
the charge of the Arlington County Public
Utility Commission that the company's
financial troubles reflect poor management
and that the company never has been re-
quired to demonstrate that bad management
has been eliminated.
1t does not appear that the company is
playing fair with its employees or the public.
Rather. it appears that the company wants
the public to rescue it from the results of its
own mismanagement, using the wage award
as a pretext for fare increase which injuri-
ously affects the public interest.
BRUCE WAXBUR.
Evening star., 1949-10-25

Is Willing for America to Help the World
BY Advising Control Of Population Increase
To the Editor Of The Star:
If America should undertake the job Of
seeing to it that everybody in the world has
plenty Of food, as your columnist, Thomas
L. Stokes, seems to think she should, much
Of the evidence indicates that she would be
assuming a task that will prove to be q
never lending round Of eadaches-unless.
Of course something is done to check the
worlds rapid population growth.
According to students Of population, If
India's death rate were lowered to that of
Americas, and plenty Of food would greatly
help to do this lowering, she alone could
and, under her present ideas of propagation,
would increase the worlds population by
some II 1,000, 900 900 within the next 100
years. And there is no reason to believe
that the worlds other more than 1000, ,000.
600 people, If assured plenty of food, would
not multiply proportionately.
The fact is: II India, China and some
others Of the heavily populated Asiatic
countries had had plenty Of food during the
past so or rs years. there now would be so
many people in Asia that they hardly could
move without stepping on one another. The
lack Of food has been the main thing that
has held down the populations Of many
Asiatic countries, and the fact that thou
sands upon thousands of people starve to
death in those countries annually is ire
futable evidence that this is true.
If America should desire to assume leader
ship in helping to solve the worlds food
problem, the evidence indicates that her
best approach would be to tell the heavily
populated nations that she will do her best
to help them over their present emergencies,
but that they, in the meantime, must do
something to bring their populations down
to point where those populations can be
fed from their own lands. j. j. SPERRY.
Evening star., 1949-10-25
All Dwarf Cattle Not Mythical,
According to Eye Witness of Several


According to Eye Witness of Several
To the Editor Of The Star:
The myth of the "dwarfed" Hereford cattle
out in North Dakota has now been satisfac-
torily exploded But the idea of freakish
wildlife domiciled in lost canyons somewhere
in the United States is not too fantastic for
a little further consideration.
About three years ago, in Spokane, Wash
ington, I spent an hour in fascinated study
of three dwarfed broomtails wild cayuses,
or Indian ponies to you) that stood 26 inches
to 80 inches high, and weighed between $50
and 200 pounds each. They were leanly built.
with shaggy coats of a nondescript brown
color, and with long bushy names and tails.
They were nervous and jumpy. as recently
captured broomtails, of which I have seen
many, always are.
I've mislaid the descriptive pamphlet and
have forgotten the name of the owner Of
these pygmy horses. But I remember the
overall facts. The owner claimed that
the broomtails were part Of large band
found in an isolated and sealed-in canyon,
devoid Of any regular water supply and
supporting only sparse growths of cacti
(always a source Of water supply on the
deserD and sagebrush. This canyon was
said to be located in the rugged and almost
unexplored badlands which cover hundreds
Of square miles in the area where the States
of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah meet.
This gentleman was able to rope only three
Of them because of their wildness and the
fact that he had let himself into the canyon
by rope, and was therefore afoot
The three displayed animals were un-
Questionably mature adults, two mares and
a stallion. They were hoisted out Of the
canyon by block and tackle, according to
the owner who substantiated this claim
with photographs Of the operation. The
gentleman stated that he would return to
the secret canyon the next year, better
equipped to capture other specimens, but
I have heard nothing further.
RUSSELL A. BANKSON
Evening star., 1949-10-25
No Difference Seen Between
Lotteries and Race Gambling


Lotteries and Race Gambling
To the Editor OF The STAR
A writer in your columns recently ex-
pressed agreement with the advice given
by Judge to the present Prince Georges
County grand jury on legalization of lot
teries.
While his honor compared the lotteries to
larceny. he made no mention of eliminating
the greatest gambling game of all-horse-
racing. The court recently decided it was
perfectly proper for special news agencies
to disseminate racing news to gamblers. Is
there any inconsistency in these views?
The fact is grand juries are archaic and
useless instrumentality for obtaining justice
in State courts. The grand jury enables
prosecutors to evade their responsibilities
and the judiciary to use the jury to the
detriment of the public
It is just as proper to raise funds for the
schools by lottery as it is to obtain the
funds by horseracing. If a new source of
raising funds is not found, 1t will be neces-
sary to cut the expenses for the schools The
homeowners of Prince Georges County now
bear an unjust burden of taxes HI.
Evening star., 1949-10-25

ANN DEGAST,
The Nome nugget., 1949-10-12

WXLN will broadcast News Casts every day ali 8:00 a.m.. l0:00 am. ll:00 am. l2:30 p.m. 7:00 p.m.. 8:00 p.m.. l0:00 p.m.. and ll:00 p.m.. only if inc programs received and scheduled at these spots are 2s minute programs.
The Nome nugget., 1949-10-12
House Passes Big Alaska Military
 Construction Bill

Continued, from Page One) non-commissioned officers, and 13 officers.
 EielSon Air Force Base
 S6,8OO,OOO for construction of petroleum storage facilities.
 General-$315, ,OOO for survey of Valdez pipe line in Alaska's In- teriOr.
 Navy
 Adak-$22, ,616,OOO for 143 units of family quarters, barracks, con- struction of permanent communi- cation facilities, magazine build ings and other improvements.
 Kodiak
 S2,548,000 to build 56 units of family quarter sand utilities, and add 1,500 feet to the existing run way.
 Air Force
 Elmendorf Air Force Base, Ft. Richardson, and Ladd Air Force Base, Fairbanks-One million dol lars for warm-up shelters for air craft.
 Eielson - $28, ,156,2OO for 22O family quarters and utilities, bar racks for 750 enlisted men, quar-