davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Harrison
(Continued From Page C-1)

able, but what they will do seems
to be anybody's guess.
Since they are divided on the
problem, however, and since many
OF them who support the present
neutrality policy have at best only
a lukewarm faith in 1t. there is
at least fair chance that they
will shift to a favorable attitude
toward the Atlantic pact. In
deed, there are considerable num-
bers of well-informed Scandinavia
ans, including Swedes, who feel
tempted these days to bet money
on the proposition that Sweden
will reverse itself within six
months and decide to become one
of the pact's members.
In any event, it is worth noting
that current differences between
Sweden on one hand and Den
mark and Norway on the other
have little rancor in them and
that there is much sympathetic
understanding all around Of the
varying positions. 1t is worth
noting, too, that the Danes. the
Norwegians and the Swedes.
though somber enough about the
situation, seem less inclined than
Americans to think the world is
coming to an end tomorrow. In
the words of one of them, ITO
be reasonably happy in life, it is
necessary to have q certain
amount Of optimism and faith"
1t is good to report that Scand1-
navians in general appear to have
a sizable share of each, both as
regards the peace outlook and
their economic recovery
Evening star., 1949-03-06

also Justice Rutledge's following
commentary on confusion:
Only minority take the view
that the ordinance forbids using
amplifying instruments emitting
loud talk and raucous noises. Yet,
a different majority, including
the minority and two other JUS
tices, sustain the ordinance and its
application. In effect, Kovacs
stands convicted, but of what it is
impossible to tell because the ma
jority upholding the conviction do
not agree upon what constituted
the crime. How, on such hash
ing Of different views of the thing
forbidden, Kovacs could have
known with what he was charged,
or could have prepared a defense,
I am unable to see."
Legal hair-splitting had little
appeal for Justice Black when he
wrote: Much talk about refined
distinctions cannot create doubt
as to the effect of the decision.
The result will be destruction of
competition in automobile financ-
ing"
Precedent-changing has been
the rule rather than the exception
in recent terms but 1t has not gone
unchallenged by members of the
bench.
Comparison Of this our 1949
decision with our 1948 decision, I
think. will pretty hopelessly con-
fuse municipal authorities as to
what they may or may not do,"
Justice jackson said.
Justice Burton stated the prob
lem in somewhat milder but no
less pointed language: Value Is
added to thu full considered deci.
Evening star., 1949-03-06

when Justice jackson remarked
1T may appear like an instance OF
a man biting dog. but the case
before us is actually one OF client
snaring lawyer"
Views on Lawyers
Lawyers" according to Justice
Rutledge, lowe a large but not
obsequious duty of respect to the
court in its presence.
Justice Reed held that mildly
provocative language from the
bench" puts no constitutional pro-
lection around an attorney"
Police have received more than
one quotable reprimand, reminder
or commentator.
Power Is a heady thing" Jus
tice Douglas commented. land
history shows that the police act
ing on their own cannot be
trusted"
A policeman's lot was happier
when Justice Reed said: "A pris-
oner should have protection. but
1t is well to remember that law and
order u an essential prerequisite
Evening star., 1949-03-06
By Robert K. Walsh

The Supreme Court, while not
competing with the United States
Mint. may set a new record
in coinage. 1t turns out phrases
rather than finances.
With the current term only hall
over. it's written opinions are fewer
than at any time this last yeal
but they abound in bon mots
verbal barbs, classical illusions
and other apt excerpts.
In splitting decisions the high
tribunal is serious and otter
severe but seldom too solemn. The
record sometimes shows a twinkle
as in Justice Frankfurter's obser-
vation upholding a Michigan bar
on barmaids:
"Beguiling as the subject is
it need not detain us long.
We are, to be sure. dealing with ar
historic calling"
Generally the Justices aim theil
most devasting remarks at one
another. the court itself. or al
attorneys and law = enforcement
officers.
The layman has not gone com.
pletely unscathed. Justice Jack
son, for instance, felt impelled to
call human nature to task when
he wrote In a District case involv-
ing the numbers game:
while the enterprise Of parting
fools from their money Is one
that ought to be suppressed, ]
do not think its suppression Is
more important to society than
the security of the people against
unreasonable searches and seiz-
ures."
Lawyers have had their ups
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Seven Carriers Helped
Supreme Court Justices Haze IDENTIFIED But Sharp Sense Of Hunor

concurring and dissenting pat
terns) would make a Joseph's S
coat"
The omnipresent Shakespeare
often helps to round out a per-
tinent statement, as in Justice
Rutledges: THE rule is justified
by the ancient law which pro-
nounces that a good name is
rather to be chosen than great
riches"
Celebrating on this, Justice
jackson said: Even to be ac-
quilted may damage ones good
name if the community receives
the verdict with a wink and
chooses to remember the defend
ant as one who ought to have
been convicted"
Not So Stuffy
The justices for the most part
turn their own phrases, such as
these culled from opinions since
last October:
Mechanical jurisprudence
allowing people to sleep on their
rights the phrase is mischie-
vous because it radiates consti-
tutional doctrine without avowing
it the steadily narrowing op-
portunities for serenity and reflec-
tion assuming its correctness.
we reject its result conduct OF
the numbers racket Is not q soil
tary vice, practiced in secret and
discoverable only by crashing into
dwelling houses the 14tn
amendment did not tear up his
tory by the roots q shorthand
way Of referring to q statutory
definition to be both strict and
indefinite is . kind Of judicial
tyranny.
Evening star., 1949-03-06

sustained last year, despite .
showing Of efficient management.
Non-scheduled competition has
been blamed, among other things,
with part Of these losses. On the
other hand, 1t can be credited
with inaugurating coach service.
now spreading to q number OF
scheduled airlines, and with fore
ing the competition to extend It's
freight services.
So far, the non-s n-scheduled lines
carrying cargo exclusively have
operated with comparative free
dom, but their case will come up
for review before the CAB IN q
few weeks.
The regular lines argue it il
false to assume that cut-rate COM
petition costs the taxpayers moth
ing. If non-scheduled carriers
skim the profits from long-haul,
aeavy- traffic routes. they say. pub
lie funds must be called on to
make regular service available to
small communities over the Ma
ton wide network.
Started in 1910
The irregulars got off to a small
start in 1910, when fixed base op-
orators in lush" regions Of the
Southwest and Southern Cali
fornia received letters Of exemp-
ton from the CAB to fly passen-
gers to and from big cities like
New York and Chicago.
After the war the demand for
these letters was vastly expanded.
Thousands of airmen returning
from the services with transport
licenses were fighting for jobs.
Many succeeded in organizing
their own companies and buying
surplus transports at reduced
rates.
Up to $50 of these newcomers,
large and small, got into the busi-
ness. The CAB, under the chair
manship of James M. Lands, was
willing to stretch a point to give
the former servicemen a compete
tive opportunity. This number
has now dwindled to about ITO.
and the survivors who have come
through the mill are men to be
reckoned with when the going
gets tough.
The argument in favor Of the
servicemen, of course. cuts both
ways. The regular lines, too, are
loaded with veterans who con-
ceivably might lose their jobs II
the pressure gets too heavy.
Nobody in the Government en-
vies the CAB its decision, but
there seems little doubt that some
positive action must soon bs
| taken.
Evening star., 1949-03-06

cess in the army. At any rate, the
army, having defeated the revolt,
now took firm hand, supported
to the hilt by the Conservatives
and all the upper classes. They
pressed Bustamante for wholesale
oppressive action against the
Apristas, which he opposed.
Whereupon the army took over
completely. deported the President
and imprisoned and rounded up
APRA leaders by the hundreds.
Haya de la Tore himself, who
had gone into hiding, eventually
succeeded in taking refuge in the
Evening star., 1949-03-06

to the protection of the security
of all"
Jus, ce Reed noted elsewhere
that the right to speak ones minc
would often be an empty gesture
IN a place and at a time beyonc
the protecting hand of the guard
ians of public order"
"Today's decision puts an.
other weapon in the hand of the
criminal world" Justice Reed ex.
claimed.
No 'Legal.Aid Bureau
II think my brother Frank.
furter demonstrates the conclu.
sion to that which he draws,
Justice Rutledge asserted.
Justice Frankfurter, in turn. has
thus viewed some of the conclu.
sions of his colleagues:
Even the gossamer threac
which binds the majority to.
gether in subjecting "a disputed
trust) to an estate tax Is visible
only to the minds eye"
IT confess myself baff1ed tt
know how to proceed If we are al
once to profess to apply the sys.
tenn as it is and yet in every
concrete instance we are to de.
eide as though 1t did not exist al
it is"
This court Is not saved from
being oligarchic because 1t pro.
fesses to act in the service Of hu-
name ends"
After all. this Is the Nations
ultimate judicial tribunal, not q
super legal aid bureau"
A 81 Judgment for Trenton
N. j.. ordinance against loud
speaker devices produced not only
five separate written opinions but
Evening star., 1949-03-06

Tore even flirted with Yankee
capitalism, advocated more liberal
treatment of United States inves-
tors, his enemies say, "for his own
local purposes" At any rate the
party was grudgingly permitted to
participate freely in the last elec-
tions with the result that the party
gained control of the Chamber of
Deputies, the lower house of Con-
gress, and put formidable bloc
in the Senate which was still'con-
trolled by Conservatives. Having
decided for strategic reasons not
to put up a candidate of it's own,
APRA supported and was respon-
sible for the election OF Busta-
mante.
Even so, the Peruvian political
scene was for time fairly calm
and Bustamante was able to get
considerable liberal legislation. In
fact, the political grip of Con-
servative- -Reactipnaries on the
Peruvian nation was gravely
threatened. Eventually dead
lock in Congress developed. The
Apristas refused to agree to any
compromise with the Conserva-
tives, which the Conservatives
heartily reciprocated. Haya de la
Tore tried to dictate to the Presi-
dent and finally pulled his men
out of the cabinet. Violence broke
out between Conservative and
Aprista students in Lima and the
police took a hand, which made
matters worse. In the midst Of
the confusion a prominent Con-
servative newspaperman was mur-
dered and the Conservatives ac-
cused the Apristas of the crime.
Finally the Conservatives walked
out Of Congress. Matters went
from bad to worse. Conservative
leaders insisted that the Pfesi-
dent crack down on the Apristas.
Haya de Ia Tore denounced the
President. Bustamante was caught
between the two extremes.
Army Took Firm Hand
In the end there was an abor-
tive revolutionary movement in
the navy for which the Apristas
were held responsible. Most OBJ
servers agree that the party had
plotted with elements in both
branches of the military. but ap-
parently without much if any sue
Evening star., 1949-03-06

and downs. In the opinion of
Justice Frankfurter: Theory is
reinforced by the notorious fact
that lawyers predominate in Amer
lean Legislatures"
Scales tipped the other way
Evening star., 1949-03-06
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. c.
SUNDAY, MARCH 4, ls4e
Scheduled Airlines Battle
To KeepDown lrregulars
CAB Forced to Make Decision Soon About
Restrictions Affecting Non.Scheduled
Carrier Operations in u. S.
By W. H. Shippen. jr.
Aviotion Editor of The Stor

for the business Is approaching
with firm and perhaps drastic decision IN
prospect ,,,, ,,.
anes battling group to hold their position
against aggregation comparatively reguars flying
benefit Of Federal mail contracts The situation
Evening star., 1949-03-06
UnlimitedDebate Is Fine
Weapon for Minorities
Political Writer Holds Endless Talking in
Congress Has Never Injured y. S. or
Caused Disaster in Crisis
By Gould Lincoln

The drive to make the United States Senate u another leg
atve Such drive has arisen frequently IN the
past particular piece OF leg
demanded. Today there would be pressing
demand clampng closer coure
individual Senators not for the outcy to
Evening star., 1949-03-06

Two LoOphoieS FOunQ
The two-thirds cloture rule was
adopted by the Senate as a re-
suit Of a filibuster in the Senate
which prevented the passage OF
the so-called armed merchant ship
bill at the close of a short ses-
sion" of Congress in 1917. Presi-
dent Woodrow Wilson had asked
for legislation permitting him tc
arm American merchant vessels
as an answer to Germany's sub
marine attacks upon American
vessels sailing for belligerent
ports. President Wilson de-
nounced the Misunderstanding
them a little band Of willful
men" The House had already
passed the bill by a huge ma
jority. Because the session OF
Congress ended arbitrarily on
March "A small group of Sena-
tors was able to talk the bill to
death. President Wilson after
ward found authority and armed
the merchant ships notwithstand-
Ing. Since that time, the Goth
amendment to the Constitu-
ton has been adopted, doing
away with the Short sessions. -
The immediate fight over the
Evening star., 1949-08-28

66TAxATION without representation is
Il tyranny p cried the dignifed, gray
haired speaker. The crowded meeting hall
roared its approval. The meeting was taking
place, not in the days of George III, but in
l949 The speaker was president of the U. S.
Conference of Mayors. The audience was
made up of 600 mayors from almost every
big city in the country.
They had come together to launch fight
for political freedom against new tyranny
which today has resulted in one of American
democracy's biggest failures.
The Boston patriots dumped King
Georges tea into the harbor because they
refused to pay taxes to a despot who
would not grant them equal representa-
ton. Today, the u. S. Conference of Mayors
is protesting the same tyranny. Only now
the despot is the legislatures of their own
states. For, amazing as it sounds to Americans
who always considered equal representation
the backbone of democracy the inhabitants
of our cities have been denied this right
Evening star., 1949-08-28

neighboring rural county has one representa-
tive for 5000 inhabitants. The vote of citi-
zen of Baltimore is worth only one-seventh of
the vote of farmer in Calvert County. Six out
of seven voters in Baltimore, therefore. actu-
In the country as whole, urban residents
make up so per cent of the population; they
produce rs per cent OF the national income;
pay 80 per cent of all taxes, Yet they have
only Is per cent representation in the egisla-
Evening star., 1949-08-28

in the legislature of almost every state.
Equal representation has reached the
point in Connecticut where. in the eyes of the
legislature, the town of Colebrook with SAT
inhabitants is considered equal to the city of
Hartford with a population of 10000. Both
have two House representatives As result
of this travesty, repeated throughout the state
six per cent of the voters of Connecticut, living
in over represented rural areas. actually elect
the majority of the legislatures lower house
Evening star., 1949-08-28
by Lawrence Lader

Los Angeles and San Francisco together
make up 48 per cent of the population of
California. Yet they are represented by only
five per cent of the members of the upper
house of the legislature The vote of one
farmer in u certain rural county is worth
$50 times that of resident of Los
Angeles.
The same picture is repeated pretty much
all over the country. Atlanta, Ga, has one
representative for each l3l 600 inhabitants: a
Evening star., 1949-08-28
||l1 OUR PLUNDERED CITIES

City people make majority of popuation pay nearly
the
Here this writer shocking American democracy
by Lawrence Lader
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-02-04
BABICKA.
POVfDKA Napsala BOzENA NEMCOvA

"Ten je il milejsf nez zamek
Sc vSemi pany i poklady," u
smala Sc babicka, dala PAM
name dobrou noe a ublrala sc
S detickami domG.
Evening star., 1949-12-05
Dying Girl Gets Oxygen
As Crack Train Is DELAYED
BY the Assoeiatsd Press

OAKLAND, Calf, Dec. 5.-A
streamliner left here for Chicago
80 minutes late last night because
of a little girl who couldn't get
her breath very well.
Inside an automobile parked
alongside the luxury train, City
of San Francisco" 4-year -old
Patty Owens gamely held an
oxygen mask to her white face
and sucked in the precious air.
Inside the train, masks and
other vital equipment were being
fitted to Patricia's bed. A 60-hour
supply of oxygen was being loaded
into the bedroom. These emer-
gency preparations kept the train
from departing on time.
The child can only remain away
from an oxygen mask Is minutes
at q time and almost died en- route
to the train. 3.
Patricia is dying Of fibrocystic
disease Of the lungs and pancreas.
Doctors say it will be fatal for
her as her lungs are gradually
closed by accumulating materisl
that cannot be moved.
Her mother and two small
brothers accompanied her on the
Evening star., 1949-12-05
Truman Asked by Negroes
To Clarity FHA Policy

President Truman has been
asked to issue an executive order
making clear the administrative
and civil rights policy of the
Government in the ALLEGATION of
the $4,000, 100000 Federal low
cost housing program.
The President was urged to
take this action by the National
Negro Council. In a telegram
signed by Edgar G. Brown. direc-
tor. the council stated:
Such executive action would
best serve the public interest and
protect the civil rights of 15,000,-
900 Negroes and other minorities
in view Of the widespread publica-
ton Of conflicting comments
which have followed in the wake
Of statements make by officials
of the Federal Housing Admins
tration."
Evening star., 1949-12-05
Progressives Adop:
Platform for 1850
" the kssocioted Press

NEW YORK, Dec. 5.-A drive
for a United Nations agreement
to outlaw the atomic bomb. and
recognition of the Chinese Com
munist regime are called for in
the Progressive Party's 1850 con-
gressional elections platform.
The platform and plans for a
$250,000 campaign fund drive
were drawn up yesterday at a
closed meeting of the party's Ma
tional Committee.
Among other international is
sues in the platform are opposi-
ton to "any decentralization
plan for Jerusalem that might
separate 100000 Jews from the
body Of Israeli removal of trade
barriers against Russia and East.
ern Europe, and reafirmation of
the Potsdam, declaration against
armed forces in Germany.
Among domestic issues, the
party seeks: Raising unemploy-
nent benefits to s35 a week for q
year. $100-a-month cid age pen
sions, national health insurance.
repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act,
civil rights legislation, elimination
Of taxes on small incomes, defeat
of the draft and universal military
training, and $50,000, ,000, 900
public works program.
The committee adopted a resolu-
ton condemning the conviction
of eleven top American Communist
leaders as IAN invasion of their
tundapental constitutional rights" I"
Among those at the meeting
were Henry A. Wallace. the party's
1948 presidential candidate. and
Doarecap}o fi1,o Vito NGoroopfny,io
Evening star., 1949-12-05
Roosevelt, k., Denies
He Seeks Presidency,
But Allows for Future
ey the Assoctoted Press


NORFOLK, Va. Dec. 5.-Rep-
resentative Franklin D. Roosevelt,
jr., Democrat, of New York. de-
MED here last night that he is a
presidential candidate. but he left
the way open for future change.
The young son Of the late Presi-
dent told a capacity crowd at a
forum sponsored by the Beth Ell
Cultural Society that II have no
ambition except to be reelected
to Congress. I am not candi-
date for anything else and I don't
think will be" he added:
Its a good rule in politics to
leave your future up to the people.
II you do a good job. the people
may ask you to run for something
else, but you can neither plan nor
count on it,
Declaring that the cold war can
be prevented from becoming a
hot" war only by the spread of
the American idea of liberal de-
mocracy, Mr.. Roosevelt told his
audience:
1--WE can prevent a depression
in our country. We can show by
example that American democracy
is not only the last best hope Of
the world but also the future best
hope Of the world"
Mr.. Roosevelt. in his talk, said
he opposed a bonus for veterans,
socialized medicine, any impli-
cations that the United States is
welfare state" and the recog-
milton of the Spanish government.
He condoned aid to Yugoslavia as
being a temporary compromise
with PRINCIPLES,
Evening star., 1949-12-05
Private Plane Crashes
In California, Killing 5
Ry the Axxociofad Press

BY the ASSoeIoted PfeSS
LONG BEACH, Calf, Dec. 5.-A
Beechcraft Bonanza airplane
crashed and burned today at Long
Beach Municipal Airport, killing all
five persons aboard.
Eye witnesses said the planes
motors started to cough and spit"
soon after takeof and the plane
pancaked onto the field and burst
into flames.
The plane was owned by Bob
Sanders. SO. A CAA spokesman said
it was believed Mr.. Sanders was
at the controls. The field control
tower reported others aboard as
Hal Evans, John Putnam and Cliff
Boyden.
The fifth victim was unidentified.
Tea is the worlds third most
popular drink, ranking behind
water and milk.
Evening star., 1949-12-05
Europe Puts ; Billions
|0f It's Own Money in
Marshall Plan Aid
~ the Assoeiofsd Press

PARIS, Dec. 5.-European coun-
tries, says a United States Gov
ernment survey, have spent al
most $4,000, 100000 Of their own
money on recovery under the
Marshall Plan.
The money is part Of counter
part funds which the European
countries must put up, in their
own currency. matching Marshall
aid from the European Co-opera-
ton Administration dollar for
dollar.
The European money comes
from ordinary government funds.
raised by taxation and bonds, and
from what Eu, 'opean citizens pay
for Marshall F:cn goods.
ECA Must Give Approval.
The ECA must pass on the uses
for which these counterpart funds
are spent. More than half of the
So, 900 900 900 has gone to stimu-
late industrial production. But
Britain and Norway used their
counterpart funds to retire ma
tional debt.
Other projects under way with
the counterpart money include
these:
The Netherlands - To reclaim
land from the Zuyder Zee, provid-
ing new homes and new food
lands for a growing population.
Austria-Harnessing of the Ems
River to provide electric power.
Projects in Germany.
Germany Power station I'M
West Berlin (the Soviet zone sup
plies the power now). coal mine
developments and railroad build
ing.
France-Investments in the steel
and improvements in