davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

cision of the lower court stands)
Up to mid May. 80 per cent of the
terms cases were decided by such
votes.
Such disagreement undoubted-
ly weakens the force Of the ma
jority view" said an eminent au-
thority. Lawyers reason that If
there is so much room for differ
ence of opinion. lower courts will
be hazy and perhaps decision
will be reversed next time the
issue comes to court.
There is. however. no solid bloc
within the court. as there was in
the mid '30s. The justices seem
to be nine highly individualistic
men with firm views of their own.
The so-called liberals often split
up, and the liberal faction is still
more often joined by one or more
of the so-called conservatives
Justices Jackson. Burton and
Frankfurter. Chief Justice Fred
M. Vinson and Justice Reed shift
from side to side; their votes often
swing the balance.
AS to how strongly the Chief
Justice rules his court. outsiders
can only guess. The justices
written opinions are more tenn
perate than they were a few years
ago, and it is thought the chiefs
genial nature may have Gained
his brethren.
On the bench Chief Justice
Vinson is decorous and alert, but
he doesn't. preside with the cold
majesty that characterized such
a Chief Justice as Charles Evans
Hughes.
When seen together. the JUS
tees seem friendly to one an
ther-particularly Justices Jack
son and Black, who engaged in a
public tiff at the time Of the
Nuernburg trials.
distributed by the Associated Press)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

'member. and Mr.. Rowland was
called in for q little talk with the
president. He was hired. A few
days later DR.. Marvin decided 10
encourage him by . demonstra-
ton OF interest. He had his driver
take him over to watch football
practice.
Warned Against Job
AS the short. stocky figure of DR.
Marvin approached the players
bench. Mr.. Rowland asked who
was coming, DR.. Marvin could
hear the answers in clear. cool air
Nobody knew. He also heard the
coach's orders-"Tell him 10 get
the he'll out of here" DR.. Marvin
did.
, He likes TO think that Mr.. Row
land took him for a Georgetown
spy. More likely Mr.. Rowland
feared he was an old guard or
tackle who wanted 10 tell how
they used TO open the line in the
center-ruSh days
! When he went TO Europe in 1882
to give a lecture. DR.. Marvin be
came interested in the fact that
the theoretical physicists were
ending the basic idea that matter
/ is made up of irreducible Gle
ments. He wanted his university
to play part in this exciting ex-
ploration. He did not know how
at first. George Washington had
no laboratory equipment such as
million dollar cyclatrons and could
not, build one. There were toe
many things that had to come first
In its development. On his return
he employed q nuclear physicist
named George Gamow who coulc
talk the mathematical language Of
that field.
Part in Atomic AGE
/ II didn't know what we were
going TO do with him at first" DR.
Marvin said. Then he hit upon tn,
idea of his university playing hos
annually to the physicists SO they
could personally tinstead oi
through the Journals exchange
information and ideas. He goi
Carnegie Institution to share thu
sponsorship and the expense.
DR.. Marvin cannot follow thu
Einsteinian equations with which
the physicists express their ideas
on blackboards. DR.. Gamow was
there for that. 1t was at the Jan.
uary. 1899, meeting OF the physi.
cists at George Washington thai
Niels Bohr told them what he had
heard from Lise Neither abou,
the "fission" Of the uranium atom
at the Kaiser Wilhelm Laboratories
In Berlin producing barium. an
other element. and releasing 200,-
900 900 electron-volts OF energy.
| The meeting was attended by
Star Reporter Thomas r. Henry
and his page-one story the mex
day Is believed to be the first pub
lication OF the development which
led to the atomic age.
DR.. Marvin had never heard o.
| 1Cao KENNEDY page CO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

900 has never been easy TO raise
in Washington. Mr.. Fleming and
Mai. Gen. U. S. Grant III, who Is
one Of the university trustees.
called on the trustees Of the An
drew w. Mellon Foundation
Where was DR.. Marvin" one
Of the trustees asked.
Mr.. Mellon had felt very in
debted to DR.. Marvin for his as
sistance in obtaining the site for
the National Gallery OF Art. In
fact. the trustee added. he had
once heard Mr.. Mellon thank DR..
Marvin for this in a barber shop.
Mr.. Fleming and Gen. Grant
got DR.. Marvin and made a second
call. The trustees of the founda-
ton had made a policy that all
future expenditures were TO be in
the city where the money came
from-Pittsburgh. But they made
an exception and gave George
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

'tation which marked the feminine
battle for the ballots in Western
democracies,
"It was theirs almost by right, y
says Nine. pandit. Gandhi sum-
moned the women into the ma
tionalist movement. He addressed
all of his pleas equally to them.
They Joined whole heartedly.
Thousand on thousands Of them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

ioin the struggle. ! do not re-
member any special sight Of in
Justice which made UP my mind.
The law OF the land was against
the people OF the country. We
were mentally enslaved by the
British. Ny whole family CON-
pletely accepted the teachings Of
Gandhi. In our own small way
We tried to interpret them. To
us he was not only the political
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22
CanadianC
Abundant Rain Needed
to Overcome Pests
and Drought
By MiehoeI Borkwoy

SOTTAWA.-Canada is already,
contemplating the possibility OF
crop failure on the prairies this
summer. Grasshoppers are nu-
merous, duststorms have already
occurred and serious grass fires
have blackened large areas In
Manitoba and Alberta.
Forty thousand acres Of grass
land in the reservation OF the
Blood Indians in Southern Alberta
were recently swept by fire. At the
opposite end of the .prairies, IN
Manitoba, scores of grass fires
have kept fire-f1ghters busy for
days.
The fires are symptoms of the
drought which is the serious threat
to the harvest. Last autumn was
one of the driest on record, so the
land went through the winter with
little moisture in the subsoil.
Signs Not Good
A good snowfall provided some
moisture at the spring thaw, and
there was little flooding this year
because the ground could absorb all
the moisture. But the land is now
bone dry again. and the recurrence
of duststorms In Saskatchewan has
revived vivid memories of the
appalling drought of 1897, which
gave the final wrench to the
farmers long agony through the
depression" '30s.
1t was a grim report therefore
which told Of the dust again
blowing over the fiat plains of
Saskatchewan, mounting in clouds
and spreading over the sky. blot
ting out the sun. The early warmth
has also brought prophecy of a
bad grasshopper plague. The grass
hoppers are always a nuisance, but
in bad year they can destroy
mile after mile of young wheat in
night. This looks like being a
bad year.
| The West Is definitely worried;
but the worst may not happen. 1t
depends almost entirely on the
weather between now and August.
If there is abundant rain in the
next month or six weeks. the
farmers may get their crops in
without too much soil blowing.
and the grain may get a start.
After that it's the same worry as
every year-enough rain at the
right times. There is still ground
for hopes of a fair crop this year
but the signs now are not good.
1887 Was Bad Year
| Already westerners are telling
themselves all the reasons why q
bad drought this year would not
do as much harm as 1t did in 1887
Then it followed six years of bad
crops and starvation prices. It
hit the farmers when they were
badly in debt, their machinery
worn out and their reserves gone
1t drove hundreds Of them OF the
farms and thousands more ex-
listed miserably and pathetically
hanging on from year to year with
no relief for their poverty except
hope. Few of them had taken
any of the precautions against
erosion.
II drought comes now it will
find the farmers In better condi-
ton to meet it. For years they
have had good prices. They are
almost clear Of debt. They have
good modern machinery. Their
houses and farms are in good re-
pair. They have deferred pay
ments still owing to them from the
Government Wheat Board on past
crops long since harvested and de-
livered.
! tcanada- wide Feature servieeJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

not until 1881. when her three
daughters were still young. that
Mime. psndit personally joined
the Nationalist movement. al
though during the intervening
years she, like thousands OF other
Indians. was ~pass.vely resisting
the British By her whole way Of
life.
Indian women who remained In
their homes contributed 10 the
cause By weaving and spinning
khadi. tho homespun which vaa
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

teacher OF the
country. but the
personal friend 10
whom we turned.
after my father s
death. for advice.
He gave Us wise
counsel in album
dant measure.
At 81. Nine
Pandit was mar
ried 10 r. 8.
Pandit. q distin~
guisiled barristsr
and scholar. 1t
was in 1919 that
the British mas
sacre Of 300 In
dams AT q meet
Ing in a Puniab
park touched Of
Gandil.s great
nd eventually
successful civil
d $50 diem &C
movement. III was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

crease the hos
pital bed capacity
Of the Nation. Dr..
M arvin W a s
S ng for the
idea t h a t the
Washington sit
uation called for
two teaching hos
pi Is for the
Georgetown Uni
versity Medical
School and the
G erge Wash
ington Univer-
sity M e d | C q ]
School and that
b tn ups
S h oul d support
the others re-
quest. G e orr e
Washington Uni
versity transfer
red Its old hospi-
tai In the 1900
block of H street
NV. to the Gov
e I'm m e n t as Its
ante for the new
building. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22
Pursue Ideolosiex

Pursue ldeoioslSS
We are espendins our sub
stance literally and rapidly 10
prop up the constitutional form
Of government against the new
totalitarian .dictatorShlps Which
have arisen on the runs Of the
Axis. But al the same time our
International policy makers III
the State Department are purst!-
ing ideologseS which III some IN
stances play into TIE hands Of
the enemies OF democracy. rather
than policies o! de!endins the So
curity o! that part Of the world
which remains free
II Is true that when the West %
ern European nations pointed oui
TO us. with a wealth Of political
argument. that economic help 10
be successful must be backed by
political and military agreements
the executive branch Of the Gov
eminent produced the North Al
lantic pact as the antidote TO the
rapidly increasing threats Il
Western security.
Secretary o! State Acheson ap.
preached that problem fealistl'
cally. He urged the Senate u
ratify the Atlantic pact and al
the same time proposed 10 thu
legislative branch that slfhcient
funds be appropriated 10 make
that coalition into an effective al
lance by building up It's m!lltar,
establishment,
But while this was being don't
the State Department overlooked
China. While Europe is inter
ested in the vast continent o
Asia merely from the standpoint
OF the revenue II can produce
we are vitality interested in II be
cause our security is being endafi
eered by the establishment II
China OF the power of Russia
which simultaneously Is threaten
ing Europe.
The diplomatic activities OF tn
United States after July, l94s
when the State Department de,
cided TO throw overheard the Chi
nese Nationalist government. com
prise some OF the most ineompre
hensible PAGES in our history, M
one will ever understand how j
happened that supposedly sensible
men could have abandoned tina
vitality important part OF the worit
10 the Russians. merely because
there had been an cutlery from 1
small group Of ideologists agains
the "venai and undemocratic
Nationalist government.
| The war in China Is not q val
between native Communists anc
native Nationalist. 1t Is not 0
war between Chang Kai-si1ek. tn,
former Nationalist leader. anc
Mao Use tung. the Communis
chieftain. II Is an undeelared VA
between Russia and the Unitee
States. a var which has alread,
been won By Moscow 1t vas onl,
for reasons OF political security
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

WEbt ~ 30AA'
Nine. Pandit.
whose command
ing presen c e
b elies her s.
foot stature. her,
self served three
terms as q po-
litical prisoner.
Her first term. Is
months served In
Lucknow Central
Prison in 1882.
was imposed for
her part IN =
demons tratio on
against the salt
tax. she served
successive SEN
fences Of six and
IL months.
Her dedication
TO the cause OF
Indian freedom
dates back TO her
youth. Born in
Allahabad in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22
Our Policv-Makers Still
Shun World-Leader Role
Destiny to Take Realistic Steps Tor
Other Democracics In Follow
8, Coas,sstns stvsn

Those Observers ~ha 4g&o4st asgesaArs hr"an n
tgsr
ponae clgasnAgs se&
oa sHsh HFg
u MANY
We heeoEne nko.,ea aos.a ne-- eaaE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

United Provinces in 1900 OF an
ancient, wealthy Kashmir Brah-
min family. she is the sister OF
Jawaharlal Nehru. the Indian
Prime Minister on whose shoulders
Gandhi's mantle has fallen. She
was educated by British tutors.
Her father. Mot Lal. Was con-
verted by Gandhi from his mod
crate attitude toward the British
and thereafter the family home
became O political center.
TT was never . question Of
making Q conscious decision 70
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22
New Deal Supreme Court
Disappoints Its Backers
Disturbed by Treatment Given Theories
and Measures, Labor Leaders Feel
Tribunal Has Let Them Down
By Clarks Beach

that Presidents Roosevelt and Truman
pointed has disappointed many New Dealers
had hoped would partial toward New Deal
30s against them But
many that the court the OF another
am them down.
of to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

tsAg ttsF ktVEn&aa Es.gas $50 2set
o<Nen cat ire CUSTOMARY ssct<vy
salute ~lsen Nank.ak WAs taken
ossg ny Tire C~1s!ne>s rysussntssss't
army ~hszh a. trs - sssas -
Russia Top srsEsz as
rolfc> Jsraitcased
Yet cTrn tosas Ire pe5aes ef t}'s
state pspA tGnrHt n ta as.a -
s}e m,sss Srfssaz> &c eat Whgta ~
have sasegra ~ yr@ss &as -
taFeu are slssaf aelo tst oyt-
rapt C}g4orNe Nationalist s2s sEa-
menj
Tfsr conquest 81 CANA oe $50
L s 5 II that - wt}st - - "a
!Aet--setyeS the tssasola pa5fstee
~ estah,3ShanE atfaifE5C ha@ss for
Russia In the Western EswC5fs area
and al tie same lms 81 contAln-
lng the United States "a thai area
Without xhsisns tolails the tears
al some Of eul best military met,
that when = crisis occurs NC shAll
be deprived q vitality important
stfAteeic materials from tgle South
pac,ne and Indian Ocean aFeas
we need have no doubt that Rus
sla Is in a position right nov IN
deny Us access "a tAoaf mstsl aals
whenever she wishes 90 DO se
So much iog ulpt pat q 80
world where nc wcfr Sven corn,
plctety tree Aznd tf ouf Nt2 n
Allies In Europe gtEeI vt ae
supposed "a os the se~s .5fad u
the new coalition against porn
slaI Soviet aggression
We have netn told FRANKLY hy
the governments asses 4nird ~G'h
US that unless ne produce l1e
means tuJ Europe = economic and
military recovery even at the
price OF creating European INDUS.
trial competition which Nsli nsn"
ace our own economy they N'ili
have Ia surrender power 10 the
Communists OF those liberals
who follow Moscow pattern and
instructions hlndly
. Our otflcial political thinkers are
of the opinion that ouJ security
can be 't0pardlsed hy Ru. &. pa
tleularly n u csta hl,>hes l3Nfif ~
Western Europe To counter tat
threst vi produced tNe ~ OF "A
Recovery progran ard fiaslS iHe
Atlantic pat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22
Emotional Thinking

Stratcgicaiiy. however ifosc
portions Of Europe which are not
behind the iron curtain comprise
an entity II Is not possible &C.
cordinR to our stfateElst8. 10 think
In terms OF only one part OF Eu-
rope and not The whole part OF
that continent which IL ksill free,
According 10 these men, the A.
lantic pact viii remain an empty
gesture unless the Mediterranean
Is included in our overall defense
program To leave out The Arfil"
terFanean would be like irying io
heat hnuSe without shutting all
the windows
The logic Of this thinking has
been partially accepted by the in
ciuslon Of Italy in the Atlanta
coalition France and Britain in"
sisted and We bowed 10 t0siY
wishes Bat the Atlantic pact il
only seeondariIy a political aRfee
ment. Primarily II Is military II
was created to provide proper de-
Tense for the Western world In
the event OF a Russian attack To
carry out that purpose II appears
desirable TO include the entire
Mediterranean basin, from Spain
TO Turkey. In that alliance
Here again. however. emotional
thinking and ideology has entered
into the picture Britain and
France. which admittedly have
important domestic political con-
slderAtlons in this connection, oo-
iect strenaoukly 20 inclusion Of the
Two drtatorahlps which lie ~ og-
posite ends Of the Mediterranean
In Washington the National Er~
euyity Council. which Ia supposed
10 corrsiate our political and mlli-
tAry planning. favored ke,tiiag IRE
Spanish problem President Trn-
man himself did The sAsns thing,
Congress by and large allowed IS
desire 10 put en- srd 10 ihs empty
gesture Of the United Nations
diplomatic boyeoit OF Franco
Spain. which was imposed In lsas
al Moseow's bidding
Political Risk
The State Department yfsfs
Secretary Of State Aehrson Slsws
are supreme. decided differently.
! however France and Britain Il
wMs sad OF the record. would 10
embarrassed politically ny such an
action. Hence. we must bov 20
the views Of tnoAs tao govern
nents
We cannot, this reporter vas In
formed by one Of the policy
makers in the state Department.
involve Ourselves In such snsFi-
cate political matters Ia Eurosss
unless Ne want 10 risk lcsiss our
Allies. The fact that these Allies
cannot live without us. and that
ne are already involved I'D 70 CIR
cara in European Affairs. sgspaF-
entity Is not fuIiT reaikzsd yet IN
that department. The sieSK 81
8 kfsE NMk31z3&4 k&AASSA9 AA&%AaS@t+s
which vas CREATED for tsss ps1fposs
Of coYcta.Iafg OR Political ard
strategic pcsselsa, ~eFs thrown
out Of ire window
A major portion q our nA-
ssonal expenditure 10 oesoaha d.
veessy o. indirectly 70 TIE ~. 81
Of ssYsnx Ewope fFoss Russian
ttyeaIgtmssAnswn Az tsas present.
time NE are being called na 20
provide fneass. FAw materials ard
manufactured pf1daeta fcs Kas
Eapes consumers ard - aEFsed
forces, T0snns9ow ne rzRy hs
called on To provide much mere
the nyes ~ American nssn f*s
ne are stu conssni 70 BE see. M
stead Of !nasxstng cn Asseafsx N
matters eane~yrans nos rasy 10.
rope but ourselves ~ eel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-05-22

(See KENNEDY. Page ca
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-12-14
SURVIVORS ASHORE;
 HORROR AND DEATH

MIAMI, Fla, Dec. 14.-lR-Eight battered survivors of the burning Dutch motorship Doros were taken ashore by Coast Guard rescue plane today as search continued for l6 others still missing at sea.
 A Coast Guard PBM-Martin Mariner flying boat-landed the men at Air Sea Rescue headquarters in Miami.
 One man was badly burned and taken on a stretcher. The other seven were walking cases. All were rushed to hospitals for treatment.
 Survivors told a story of horror and death.
 "All the other officers are dead" :" said the Chief Engineer, identified only as Helmus.
 Saloon Steward Edward Amzand said an explosion occurred about II am. Monday. He did not know the cause.
 "The ship was suddenly all in flames"
 All the survivors besides the Chief Engineer were negroes and natives of Dutch Guinia.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-12-14
N. ". AIRLINE5
 BASES, SEATTLE

SEATTLE, Dec. 14--sR-Orient operations of Northwest Airlines will be based in Seattle starting December 15, officials announced Saturday.
 The air line will have four ro'lnd- trip flights a week, three between Seattle and Manila and one be- tween Seattle and Seoul, Korea. All flights will be based on Seattle Tacoma Airport.
 Flights will follow the great circle route to the Far East from Seattle via Anchorage, Alaska. Pa cific Northwest passengers now fly to Anchorage to board orient flights which originate in Minneapolis St. Paul.
 With the orient base transferred to Seattle, pursers. stewardesses and mechanics will be based here the company said. Four-engine DC- As will be used for the present but early in 1850 the company expects to start using it's Boeing Strato- cruisers on the orient run.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-12-14
SECURITY COST 20 BILLIONS ;
 YEARLY: (.E.D..
By Sterling F. Green

WASHINGTON, Dec. 14-IR-The committee for economic develop ment (CED) estimated today that national security will cost at least $20 ,O0O 100000 a year for years to come.
 In the face of this costly cold war defense, it urged definite action to-: CD Safeguard civilian supremacy in the republic, @ strengthen long range security and (3) protect indi- vidual freedom.
 The CED. an organization of busi- ness executives, said the $20,000, ,000,- 900 estimate on the annual cost of security for the next several years embraces several items. Military defense is the big one, followed by rearming of non-Communist ra- tions, European recovery spending atomic energy development, U. S broadcasts overseas, and much of the governments diplomacy and in JclilSeIlCe WOfk.
 One of it's principal recommenda- tions was for a transfusion of civ- ilian leadership into the whole se- curity program. The CED criticized today's preparedness planning as being neither efficient nor in bal ance."
 The report said that a power full military machine can dominate the economy and, unless held in bell ance, "can destroy free economy v
 And. while urging continued strong action against subversive activities, it called for caution in the handling of loyalty inqur- ies.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-12-14
ELEVEN ARE
 CONVICTED OF TREASON
One Sentenced 10 Death by Hanging-Life Sentences
 Are Given Others

SOFIA, Bulgaria, Dec. 14-lR- Traicho Kostov, former Communist Vice Premier of Bulgaria, was con- victed of treason tonight and sen- tenced to death by hanging.
 The number two defendant. Ivan Stefanov, former Finance Minister, was sentenced to life imprisonment.
 They were tried with nine others on charges of plotting with Ameri- cans, Britons and Yugoslavs to make Communist Bulgaria pup pet of Premier Marshal Tito's Yugo- Slavia.
 These defendants also received life terms:
 Nikola Pacloc, former Administra- tive Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Politburo and former Vice Minister of Public Works.
 Nikola Nachev, former Deputy Construction Minister and Chair man of the State Committee for Economic Affairs.
 Ivan Gevrinov, former Director of the Bulgarian National Bank and former Director of the National Rubber Industries.
 Ivan Tutev, former Director of the Board of Foreign Trade.