davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-07-03

path, like Maryland east Of
Chesapeake Bay. which retain
older forms untouched by
changes.
Off the Beaten Path
An example of both is the
spread of pronunciations like
"fah" for "far" from the focal
area of Boston westward to
the Connecticut River. But the
lost "r" still can be heard in
secluded, quaint old Marble
head, Is miles from Boston,
and on Cape Ann and the off,
shore island of Marthas Vine
yard.
The New England material,
now published, already wa
assembled at the time DR.. Nc
David became interested in the
work-by being a subject of it
himself.
Some workers on the project
in 1887 took notes on the South
Carolina speech of DR.. McDavid,
a sixth generation Greenville
man. The results still are part
of the record. He was so
fascinated that he undertook to
study phonetics and dialect
geography.
The new areas included many
much wilder than New Eng
(See MOST, Page C-5)
Evening star., 1949-07-03

nomic expansion of American
monopolies."
Among these circumstances he
listed: The removal of Germany
and Japan from effective world
trade competition, the high de-
mand for American goods because
of war devastation and famine. He
claimed that despite those favor
able factors and huge expendi-
lures on a global military program
the United States did mot attain
80 per cent of the level Of 1943."
+ (American industrial produc-
ton, on an all-out wartime
basis, reached an all-time peak
in 1943. In April. production
was 74.s per cent Of that level)
The postwar period, according
to Manukyan, was characterized
by unheard-of super-profits, high
level of capital investment, infla-
ton, and a systematic decrease
of real wages"
Other economists have dealt
with the American farm problem.
One writer in Moscow bolshevik
said: "Monopolist bosses hold in
their hands two thirds of all farm
ing land, more than half Of the
harvesting area, almost the whole
of the machinery. and about 80
per cent Of the whole agricultural
production Of that country"
distributed by the Associated Press.)
Evening star., 1949-07-03
I9-Year Study Reveals Hon. Americans Speak English

Williamsburg, S. C. Investiga-
ton showed this is the call
used at Down and at Antrim
in Ireland, where it must have
come from.
Only around Philadelphia,
where paved sidewalks were in
troduced early from England.
are they called by the British
name "pavements"-an un-
conscious relic of their history.
"schmierkaese" ("cheese spread
Still Dutch Cheese
In parts of Pennsylvania peo-
pie say "smearcase" for cottage
cheese, from the "schmier-
kaese" ccheese spread") Of
forgotten German settlers.
They also say "smearcase" in
the Niagara Peninsula Of Can
ada, settled by Colonial Penn
sylvanians.
The "potkaas" of the Dutch
settlers in the Hudson Valley
was translated into pot
cheese" when they learned
English. Latercomers spread
the word as they moved on,
SOME of them-Loyalists who
fed the American Revolu-
tion-to Southern New Bruns-
wick, Canada.
But Western New England
ers, who got it directly from
Evening star., 1949-07-03
By Mel Most

ITHACA, N. "a 19-year
job of finding out how Ameri-
cans speak English between
East Canada and Florida has
been finished after almost 12,-
900 hours of interviews.
Completion of the material
for this report on Eastern
American speech was disclosed
at Cornell University by ener-
getic DR.. Raven McDavid, jr.,
of Greenville, S. c.
DR.. McDavid, 37-year old
field investigator for the grow
ing Linguistic Atlas of the
United States and Canada,
told of the findings before leav-
ing for Cleveland to work on
the Great Lakes region.
The probe has uncovered
migration routes and European
origins of the first American
settlers, revealed changes 60
ing on in American speech,
blocked off big cities spheres
of influence and unsuspected
dialects.
Some Resemblances
Sometimes there were odd
resemblances. such as between
so-called Brooklynese "woim"
for worm" and the plantation
Evening star., 1949-07-03
Holland, France and
Belgium Complete
Their Repairs
By Edwin Shonke

LONDON.-Europe Is gradually
piecing together again the great
network of inland waterways torn
to bits by the war.
Thousands of miles of canals
criss-cross the continent. They
link its great navigable rivers
the Meuse, Scheldt. Seine. Rhone,
Marine, Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder
and Danube.
The war wrecked the system.
Canal bottoms were sewn with
mines and clogged with sunken
hulls. Silt blocked neglected
channels. Banks weakened by
bombings caved in. Locks were
knocked out by bombs or blown
up. Dynamited bridges Uttered
the waterways.
Four years later barges are be-
ginning to clog the rivers and
canals again. They are helping
to heal the broken ties of prewar
international commerce. Millions
of tons of bulk goods are gliding
through the canals into the
swiftly flowing rivers and the
great interior river ports. So far
the tonnage appears to be roughly
just better than half prewar days.
Danube Tied Up
Holland, France and Belgium
had to restore between so and Is
per cent of their canals and have
virtually completed the job. Plans
for modernization and improve
ment, however, are long-term
projects.
Germany, which perhaps suf-
fered worst of all. still has a long
way to go before its canals are
back to normal.
Europe's most important inland
waterway, the Danube, is a victim
of the cold war The conflict be-
tween the East and the West has
split the river as effectively as
Europe itself.
For centuries the broad Danube
carried the commerce Of Central
Europe and the Balkans. After the
war, the Western powers remained
in control of the northern section
and the Communist dominated
countries of Eastern Europe of its
southern reaches.
AS matters stand, the Danube
is unlikely to resume its place in
international trade until East and
West make their peace. That prob
ably won't come until the Big
Four settle the future of Germany
and Austria and give both place
on the Danube Commission.
AS far as Austria is concerned,
the Danube from Linz to the Hun
garian border is a dead river. Since
the Cominform opened its fight
with Marshal Tito a year ago.
Yugoslavia's Danube trade. except
internally. has dropped sharply.
Her neighbors on the Danube have
imposed economic sanctions.
On the Rhine which ranks with
the Danube as an international
waterway. traffic is moving freely
between the Benelux countries,
France. Germany's Ruhr and
Switzerland ever since they un-
snarled the wartime hangover Of
controls.
But the Rhine no longer is carry
ing the huge tonnage of interna-
tional transit traffic which made
it such a busy highway before the
| war.
Evening star., 1949-07-03

A heavy percentage Of the traffic
to and from Germany's Ruhr,
which used to pass through the
busy Dutch ports because OF the
great saving in time. now is being
diverted to Germany's North Sea
ports of Bremen and Hamburg.
The Dutch Rhine fleet, developed
at a cost of 300 100000 guilders
to move this tonnage. has felt the
blow. The Dutch claim a large
part of it's capacity is lying idle.
Here is a picture Of Europe's
waterways. in brief, country by
country:
Germany-West German water
ways now are handling over half
the 1888 tonnage. Biggest boon
was the reopening of the Minden
Auueduct which carries Germany's
Evening star., 1949-07-03

struction, however, Is virtually
completed.
The monthly average tonnage
moved by waterway in 1888 was
$4,000, as against 3.426,ooo in
194S. International transit traf-
fic showed a sharp drop from
5.395,000 tons in 1888 at 881 900
tons in 1948. Holland has 1925
miles Of navigable rivers and
canals and expansion is being
planned.
Belgium-The countrys prewar
968-mile-long canal system has
been increased by another 1876
miles and the damage to two
thirds of the network repaired.
Many bridges over the canals still
have to be replaced, however.
Evening star., 1949-07-03
Traffic Flows on Europe's War Torn Waterways
T Tonnage Is Slightly
Over Half of the
PreWor Rote

Belgium plans to enlarge the
capacity Of the smaller canals and
is earmarking $68.535, 900 for the
purpose.
France-The 6,00O-mile inland
waterway system suffered so per
cent damage, officials said, but
most of the damage has now been
made good. In 1888 French water
ways carried 45,000,000 tons of
goods. But the volume in 1947
was down by almost half. OFF,
cials said the figures for the first
half of i948 indicated traffic slow
ly was increasing.
Italy-The inland waterway sys-
tenn, centered mainly along the
Pc River in the north, escaped
serious war damage. A transport
ministry official said. however,
the network needs modernization.
The canals, after postwar patch
work, now are operating at IS per
cent of their preWar efficiency
Unlike most other countries italy, S
waterway transport is mainly run
by private enterprise.
Austria-The loss of the Danube
for commercial shipping has
thrown a tremendous burden on
Austria's overWorked railways. The
river is virtually closed to traffic
beyond Linz. Only Russian patrol
boats ply the Denube between
Linz and Vienna. From Vienna
east there is some Russian
Czech and Hungarian traffic but
no Austrian.
Yugoslavia-The country is
busily extending its 155 miles OF
canals. A 27-mile cutoff is being
constructed to link Zagreb, Yugo-
Slavia's second city, with the Sava
River. Another cutoff to shorten
the haulage on the Danube via the
lisa River also has started. The
main canal with its auxiliaries
will be 465 miles long.
Evolution in Britain
In 1948, Yugoslavia transported
100000 tons of goods over its
canal and waterway system, not
quite up to the 1888 tonnage.
Romania Bucharest recently
announced an ambitious project te
cut a 60-mile- long canal from
Cernavoda on the Danube to the
Black Sea just north of Constanza
The announcement said the Rus
slams were providing technical anc
financial help.
Purpose behind the canal is tc
cut "a hours off the trip from
Constanza to Denube River ports
and to eliminate the f1nancia
burden Of keeping the Sulins
channel at the mouth of the
Danube free of heavy sitting.
England-England's 2,050-mile
waterway system suffered no dam.
age from the war except as the
need for maintenance repairs pilee
up. But it underwent evolution
of another kind-nationalization
Private canal owners received
ELL ,250.OOO ($45,0O0 ,OOO in COM
pensation from the government.
Its core is Birmingham, Eng
lands Pittsburgh. with four arms
based in the north on the Mersey
and Humber Rivers and in the
south on the Severn and the
Thames. During 1948, 11,000, 900
tons of goods moved over the sys-
tenn in Britain's gayly painted
barges and tugs. This was an in
crease of q million tons over 1947.
Distributed by the Associated Press)
Evening star., 1949-07-03

most important cross-country
canal, the Mittelland, over the
River Weser. Blown up by Ger
man engineers in 1945. its reopen
ing early this year raised the
canals capacity from 10000 to
$4,000 tons a day.
There were 1929 vessels sunk in
the German waterways. Nearly all
of them have been raised and
many put back into service.
About 80 per cent of the barges
are more than 20 years old.
Holland-War damage to the
300 canals of this tiny country
was tremendous. The damage to
the ports of Amsterdam and Rot
terdam amounted to approximate
ly 160.000,000~ guilders. Recon-
Evening star., 1949-07-03

duction declined go per cent
from October to April. october
was the postwar peak. April,
1949. compared with a year
ago, was 4.8 per cent loWer.)
Manukyan said that exports are
falling off rapidly from month tc
month as compared with last
year and bankruptcies are on the
increase.
lTha Cor,nnnerca Dam f.froent
Evening star., 1949-07-03

index of exports of United
States merchandise showed an
increase Of 7.2 per cent in
March, 1949, from a year ago.
March Is the latest figure.)
How long does the Soviet expert
say the economic crisis will last? ?
The present recession Is not the
Evening star., 1949-07-03

ticular the radio and the refriger-
ator industries. "
Manukyan foresaw black pros
poets. He pictured contracts fol
new construction as being down
sharply from a year ago. He said
trade inventories are higher than
ever. He spoke of a falling off OF
orders and expanded consumer
credit.
(New construction awards
Evening star., 1949-07-03
Macarthur Sees Trouble
With Soviet Grip on Asia
Strategy Report Believed to Point Out
Precarious Position of Japan When
L. S. OCCUPATION Ends
By Constantine Brown

4o-page report dealing with Strategic implications of the
Domination Of Mainland
by the Joint Chiefs of Staff from Macarthur Tokyo
The commander of Allied powers PIT
clearly before his Washington political military
consequences of donohing policy
Evening star., 1949-07-03

reported by the Commerce De-
partment in April were seven
tenths of / per cent lower than
the year before.)
The Soviet economist said in
effect the United States had eaten
the best part of its cake. He said
the postwar period created q
favorable atmosphere for eco
Evening star., 1949-07-03

(See MOST, Page C-5D
Evening star., 1949-07-03

CThe Commerce Department
Evening star., 1949-08-29
By Peggy Roberts

You'll want everything fresh
and lovely for your baby, so start
by making this adorable dress and
slip in either long or the short
version. The pattern includes
both. The embroidery is done in
popular satin. outline. lazy daisy
stitches accented with sprightly
French knots.
Pattern envelope No. R2843
tissue pattern for dress and slip
Qong and short). transfer for
embroidery, stitch illustrations
and complete directions for max
ing and finishing.
To obtain this pattern, send 20
cents in coins, giving pattern num-
Der, your name, address and zons
number to Peggy Roberts, The
Washington Star. P. o. Box 100,
Station G.. New York 10. N. <.
Evening star., 1949-08-29
Contributions and requests

Contributions and requests
must be accompanied by the
sender's full name and ad-
dress. We will withhold both
and use only initials. Please
address mail to the Readers
Clearing House. Woman's
Page, The Evening Star,
Washington 4.
Views expressed in the
Clearing House are not nee IS
sarily those of The Star and.
as it is obviously impossible
for us to test all recipes sub
mitted, we cannot assume re-
sponsibility for them.
Betsy CasiCeU
Evening star., 1949-08-29
TO REPAIR BABY BUGGY?
(From, Mrs. C.. S. H.,
En1Is Church }

We have a baby buggy which I
bought second hand seven years
ago, and it has been Grated col
lapsed for the past five. This has
rotted the covering very badly. I
would appreciate a recommended
ton from any of the readers as to
where could get the body recov-
cred, or how I might do it myself.
Thank you for any help you may
be able to offer me.
Evening star., 1949-08-29

Mestre three quarter coot Forstnonn
wooIen moreined by bIock-dyed Persian
lamb Sizes 10 to to18---------$10o
Master -toiIored seven-button suit Of Forst-
mann MiIoteen worsted Misses sizes, $195
Mestre and blue frost mink . pure luxury
fur lined, three -quorter coot Of Forstmonn
wooIen One of o-kind, in size l2---- 1895
w&L-Misses Goats and Suits, Third Floor
Mestre toll hat !. fur felt dramatically
yelled 81. by Jeanne Tete. (Pictured on
suit fieure)
Mestre little hat =. made lofty by feathers.
Close fitting fur feIt---------------$l5
Mestre spiral, fur felt, suovely vei|ed. BY
Jeanne I etc $Zo
Millinery Salon, Second Floor
Mestre in Forstmonn WooIens By-the-yard
=. from our outstanding autumn collection,
in Venetian coIors 49,. priced from $3.50
to $3.50 yord.
Mestre OrieIIo, dressweieht wool crepe
Yord $3.50
Mestre chormeen, wool eobordine for suits
and topcoots. Yord-------------$1 -$1O.50
Mestre DuveIIo, potrcon wool broodcloth
coating Yord ------------------$S.So
All wooens 54 inches wide.
W&L-Dress Fabrics Eighth Floor
Evening star., 1949-02-13

nists in important places in the
United States. He said they have
"inf1ltrated" the Government.
schools. labor unions and social
organizations.
A former Senator, Henry c.
Dworshak of Idaho. told a BAN
quet in Salt Lake City this coun-
try needs another pressure
group" He described 1t as "a
pressure group composed of honest
Americans who are dedicated to
the heritage Of the nation"
At Los Angeles. Names Repuh-
lican Senator, Mrs. Margaret
Chase Smith, told a luncheon that
both major political parties have
been catering too much to pres
sure groups and that a return to
the creed of Abraham Lincoln is
the need of the hour.
Points Out G. O. P. Mistakes.
Mrs. Smith said the Republican
Party scored successes in 1916
Evening star., 1949-02-13

he said "secret commitments" at
Teheran, Yalta and Potsdaln
plunged" the Nation into this
desperate cold war" and "frittered
away so much of our hardwon
victory =" He spoke in New
York at the same dinner addressed
by Gov. Dewey.
Ives Defines Parties.
4, Senator Ives of New York,
Speaking at Rochester. N. Y,
said "one fundamental difference"
between the two major parties
is that "the one votes to place
more and more power in Gov
ernment. The other is endeavoring
more and more to accomplish
these things without placing more
than a minimum Of power in
Government"
Representative Sadlak Of Con-
necticut, speaking at Garfield. N.
j., declared that 800 Russian
trained spies are among Commu-
Evening star., 1949-02-13
Eisenhower DepIores
Creeping Paralysis ;
OF Thought in U. s.
Dy fsss Assssioisd prses

NEW YORK, Feb. 12.-Gen.
Eisenhower said today q creeping
paralysis Of thought" and readi-,
ness to accept "paternalistic"
measures from the Government
could lead this country into dc,
tatorship.
Addressing . symposium on
freedom ut the hrst annual Coz
lumbia College forum on democ-
racy, the soldier-educator said the
dictatorship to which he referreds
was not one brought about by guns
or a sudden coup d'etat. -
Instead, he said, 1t is q DICTATOR
ship born Of o surrender Of our
own responsibilities and, there.7
fore, q surrender Of our own
thought over our own lives and our
own right to exercise our vote
indicating the policies Of this
country" =
Gen. Eisenhower, on leave from
his post as president Of Columbia
University, did not refer to his
newly assigned duties as presiding
officer Of the Joint Chiefs OF Staff.
However, he did refer to Abra-'
ham Lincoln's high sense of public :,
service, recalling that Lincoln said
Il have been given a job to do for
the United States; that job I will
do" ~
The symposium was attended by
l30 prepatory and high school
students representing schools from
Maine to Missouri. "
In sum. he said, these results
will come from constant drift"H
toward centralized government: %
There will be swarming OF,
over the land. Owner
ship Of property will gradually
drift into that central govern
ment and finally you have to have
a dictatorship as the only means
Of operating such o huge and great
organization.
Il believe that 1t Is things such
as that we must watch today II
we are going to be true to the
standards that Lincoln gave to
all of us.'S -
Evening star., 1949-02-13

some kind words to say about
some of the other proposals.
There is considerable support
for changing the present efiici-
ency rating system, for giving
greater promotional chances to
Federal employees, for more
vigorous recruitment program to
bring in the most talented young
people to the Government. for in
creasing the salaries Of top bracket
and other important administra-
tive, scientific. professional and
technical employees; and for giving
Federal employees a greater voice
in the formulation Of personnel
policies directly affecting them.
OUTLOOK-Whatever the out
come of the Hoover groups vari-
GUS recommendations on dras-
tically revising the Governments
personnel setup. it will be some
time before any action is taken
on them either way.
Most of the changes would have
to come through legislative action
and Congress will study the mat
ter thoroughly.
Some things could be accom-
plished by presidential directive.
but President Truman also is ex-
pected to wait and see the various
reactions to the proposals before
taking action.
The President could order more
job placement and hiring au-
thority for the various agencies.
but the abolishment Of the present
lone out of three" selection sys-
tenn and the scrapping of
percentage ratings in favor of
selection categories such as out
standing. well qualified. qualified,
and unqualified, would have to be
accomplished by legislation.
The Hoover report to reorganize
the Civil Service Commission to
give the chairman the sole re-
sponsibility for handling admin
istrative matters and the assign
ment Of becoming the Presidents
top adviser In an once Of Per-
sonnel in the Presidents office.
seems to have considerable sup
port.
Generally supported is the pro-
posal to give the chairman Of the
Civil Service Commission the final
authority to handle all admins
trative matters in the commission.
and the assignment Of also be-
coming the top adviser In an
office Of personnel in the Presi-
dents Office. President Truman
Is said to faver this recommended
ton.
q i d D
(Be sure to listen in today at
1l:l5 am. ouer WMAL. The
Star station. for Joseph Young's :
vFedernI SDotIioht broddcnst.} :
Evening star., 1949-02-13
Catholic University
Offers Scholarships

Fifty scholarships and fellow
ships for graduate work during
the next academic year will be
offered by Catholic University,
Msgr. P. ]. Mccormick, rector OF
the university, announced yes
terday.
The grants will range from
$2,400 to SITS and are open to
men and women, including nuns
Evening star., 1949-02-13
Obstetrics to Be Topic

Compilations in Obstetric
Practice will be discussed by
four doctors at meeting at $3.50
pm, Tuesday at the George
Washington University Medical
School. Participants will include
DR.. John w. Harris, University
of Wisconsin: DR.. Curtis J. Lund,
louisiana State University. and
DR.. John Parks and DR.. Robert
Barter, of g. W.