davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Valley settler., 1949-11-11

- ~ ~ y - y
DAIRY SHIPPERS DISCUSS PROelENS
Anoeting of the Dairy Shippers was
called by Naneger Jim ..ilson this
last Friday evening to answer any
questions that any Of our shippers
might have conc erning the Dairy De-
partment, and to present Figures on
the 1919 operations.
Manager "ilson's Figures showed that
each year initial paymants for milk
have increased, that our cost Of
operation has decreased, end that
expenditure for labor in our Dairy
Plant has decreased from approzima-
tley 7% in 1913 to approximately so
in 1919. He also brought out the
fact that the Natanuska Valley Dairy
man is receiving a larger per cent
Of the wholesale value Of the milk
he sells than does q Stateside Dairy
man.
After a general discussion lunch was
served.
Mr.. "ilson pointed out that the moat
ing was not called for the purpose
Of establishing any definite propos-
al, but rather to gather information
to help the BOARD in determining
policies to follow.
The Valley settler., 1949-11-11

Be- r HEd Il. n n PaLQ1 DE! /. -,
be conducted in Palmer this next
week on the l6, II and Is, &C cording
to Clayton Lsslinger, who is q mem
Der Of the Territorial Board Of Ac-
uountants. These examinat ions are
conduc ted in ~ States and in 4
Terri tories on these same dates Mr..
Esslinger explained. In the states
they ara held in the capitols, but
in Alaska they Will be held in
Palmer, Fairbanlcs, Ketchikan and
Kodiak. ALL examinations are given
under the direction Of the American
Insti tuto Of Acc ountarts.
The oxamiuati ons in Palmer will be
given under the supervision Of Mr..
Lsslingor. -.--.
Evening star., 1949-01-23

This was the Florida. Her sharp prov knitted
into the Republics iron plates the port side, cut
ting through to the enginerooms.
Young Binns began to spray the fog with cries for
help.
$40 am. Rammed by unknown ship 26 miles
southeast of Nantucket. Latitude 40.l7 longitude
TO-"
No fewer than 10 ships hearing the signal, turned
and made for the stricken ship.
PASSENGERS All Transferred
Jack Irwin, Associated Press correspondent
and also wireless operator, caught the first faint
signal of distress Operator Binns sent sweeping
over the water He flashed the news to the As
sociated Press wires and then to ships at sea
everywhere.
AS dawn broke over the miserable sea the Florida,
her forward hold filled with water crept close
and took aboard the Republics passengers. But
her condition precarious that the Republics
and her passengers had to be transferred to
the liner Baltic, which standing by.
Survivors landing in New York said there were
two deaths aboard the Republic. The Florida re-
ported four deaths.
Capt Sealby tried valiantly to save his ship,
refusing to leave her. They attempted to tow her
to port but 40 hours after the collision she keeed
over of Marthas Vineyard and sank in 45 fathoms.
distributed by the Associated Prsss.)
Evening star., 1949-01-23
Ship Crash Proved Radios Worth
By George Tucker

NEW YORK.-Forty years ago the White Star
liner Republic and the Italian steamer Florida COL
lided in the fog off Nantucket 1sland-and made
radio history.
The incident demonstrated the Importance of
wireless telegraphy as of saving life at
The Nation amazed by the event that the
House of Representatives passed legislation making
wireless sets and operators mandatory for every
ship carrying so or more passengers.
The drama began when Jack Bmns, young
wireless operator aboard the Republic broke OF
chatting" with coast stations and flung a sudden
COD" over the foggy waters. 1t meant "All
ships-danger," and the forerunner of the
SOS signal used today
q The time $50 am. Saturday, January %,
1909
The Republic, luxury liner and flagship of the
White Star fleet, was outbound for the Mediterra-
rean with 461 passengers and supplies for the United
States battieship fleet.
Ships Collided in Fog
At the moment of collision many passengers were
in their berths. Capt William L. Sealby on the
bridge. Fog lay everywhere.
The Republic was coasting slowly, little off the
beaten track for liners. having turned north to
start long sweep across the Atlantic
Suddenly there came a dozen quick blasts on a
fog siren. hazy shape looming through the mist
bore down on the Republic.
Evening star., 1949-01-23

tinctly unfortunate. Relatively un-'
touched by the war, Formosa had
emerged stable and prosperous. This
situation was exploited by the
Kuomintang officials in what soon
became an orgy of corruption
coupled with ineficiency. The in
hahitants, who had at first greeted
The new order with enthusiasm, pre-
sently became restive and then
openly rebellious. This revolt was
put down by the governor general,
Chen vi, with merciless barbarity.
Navy Located There
Only in the spring of l947 did
the Central Government move to
remedy what had become a crying
scandal. Chen vi was recalled and
in his stead there was installed Wei
Tao-ming, so we'll and favorably
known in Washington when he was
Ambassador here until 1916. An
enlightened and progressive man,
Wei did much to remedy the harm
done by Chen vi and his rapacious
carpet t-baggers. Quite recently Wei
was, in turn, succeeded by Gen.
Chen Cheng, a close friend of the
generalissimos and reputed to be
one of China's ablest military fig
ures. This appointment is widely
interpreted to mean that Chang
Kai-shek is throwing the emphasis
on Formosas military preparedness.
Current information indicates that
the Kuomintang land forces on
Formosa have been heavily aug
mented, while headquarters OF its
Navy are now located there, to-
gether with important sections OF
the air force, using the many air
fields built by the japanese. II
the Kuomintang government does
remove to Formosa 1t will be fol-
lowing the historic precedent OF
Evening star., 1949-01-23
Continued From Page C-l.

up to the Supreme Court, where
it was said: I'VE hold that a man
docs not acquire domicile in
the District of Columbia simply
by coming here to live for an i'll
definite period Of time while in the
Government service. On the
other hand, we hold that persons
are domiciled here who live here
and have no fixed and definite in
tent to return and make their homes
where they were formerly domi-
ciled."
Losing Battle in Court
In. the following years, the Dis
trict was consistently defeated in its
efforts to obtain judgments against
those inhabitants whose intent
was at issue. For example, in ls46
the Court of Appeals looked at the
income tax's application to lawyer
practicing in Washington since 1884,
The Tax Board had found that this
inhabitant had entertained no
present fixed intention" of return
ing to his alleged domicile, Mas
sachusetts, but the court held that
this decision wholly disregarded the
admitted facts that the taxpayer
continued to exercise his voting
privilege and to pay taxes In Mas
sachusetts, and that for all purposes
during the years in question he had
disclaimed in every possible way any
intent or purpose to acquire
domicile in the District. The court
added: If it is desirable that those
who temporarily come into the Dis
trict to earn living should be re-
ouired to contribute their share OF
the expenses of its operation, there
are examples enough in the statutes
of some 20 of the States to accom-
plish this result"
This judicial suggestion was not
overlooked by District authorities as
they faced up to a l94S budget Of
sS5, ,OS2, 900 and a potential deficit of
1000, 900. In March, 1947, hearings
were opened to explore the possibili-
ties of acquiring additional revenue.
The Tax Assessor testified: Nov,
the individual income tax = - Is
predicated on domicile; that also in
my opinion is inequitable. Origin
ally, it was proposed in 1889 when
that law was passed that 1t be based
on residence. At the present time
we receive about $1,000 returns in
the District Of Columbia. with a
population of over 100000. I have
made some estimates as to what we
would receive in the way Of returns
if it were predicated on residence
rather than domicile and we should,
I believe, receive about 1000 re-
turns rather than 5000. Now, we
have never won q case, domicile
case, in the Court Of Appeals in the
District of Columbia. 1t seems
about all you have to do is to de-
clare your intention to return to
the place whence you came. Any
number Of persons living in the Dis
trict have lived here for 20, 80 years,
claim domicile back in their States,
Evening star., 1949-01-23
Fornosos Fate Important If Reds Win China

Koxinga and the Ming exiles from
the Manchu conquest of China
three centuries ago.
Little Communist Sentiment
However, the effective use OF
Formosa by the Kuomintang as a
base for recovering China from the
Reds, or even for maintaining
itself enduringly, would depend in
large measure on the support OF
the Fornlosans. And that support
is far from certain. Besides their
traditional separatist and "agin-
the government" attitude, these diff
ferentiated Chinese have ~ nro-
foundly alienated by the Ca. -.ag
excesses of Chen vi and his hench-
men. The subsequent reforms OF
Wei Tao-ming cannot have entirely
remedied the harm thus wrought.
On the other hand there does not
seem to be much real Communist
sentiment in Formosa. But there
does seem to be widespread senti-
ment for keeping out Of the whole
mess in China itself. This sentiment
takes various concrete forms, vary
ing from independence to a United
Nations trusteeship vested in the
United States, as We already exer-
else it over the Pacific islands
formerly under japanese rule. Tech
nically, this would be easy, because
as already remarked. Formosa has
not yet been formally awarded te
Chinese sovereignty, but remains
Theoretically in the collective hands
of the Allies against Japan until
peace treaty is concluded.
This possibility is another reason
why Formosa should be OF current
interest to us Americans. The rapid
course of events in China may
bring the island into the limeligh'
of world attention almost any day
Evening star., 1949-01-23
BY Lothrop Stoddord

The Island of Formosa emerges
with growing frequency from the
welter of rumors out of China these
days. For this there is good reason.
Whether or not Generalissimo
Chang Kai-shek or possible sue
cessor plans to make it the seat of a
Kuomintang government in exile"
certain it is that this big almond
shaped island lying off the mid
China coast is the one territory i'm
mune to a Communist land attack
where an anti-Communist regime
would have the elbow-room and
natural resources to organize po-
tential comeback. should all or most
of continental China fall under Red
control.
Furthermore, Americans have a
distinct interest in Folmosa's fate.
It is a major link in the island
chain which runs from Japan south
ward clear to the Philippines and
Indonesia. Should Formosa fall into
Communist hands, that strategic
chain would be badly fractured and
a militant Red China, backed by the
Soviet Union, would have an open
window to the Pacific Ocean.
Resent Outside Rulers
However, Formosa may not prove
to be a mere passive pawn in game
of power politics. The inhabitants
may have a word to say on the sub
ject. And the Formosans are a
curious breed, perhaps best described
by the Scottish term "kittle cattle"
They are the product of long, tur-
bulent and unfortunate history
which tends to make them suspi-
cious and resentful against outside
rulers, whoever they may be.
Except for the recent half century
of japanese possession. now ended
as part Of the price for defeat IN
war, Formosa has been historically
connected with China and has
population mainly of Chinese origin.
Yet, despite its relative nearness to
the mainland. this island has always
stood somewhat apart from the
main stream of Chinese life and
culture. Its position was somewhat
that of stepchild, abused and ex-
plotted when not neglected. Ger
tainly, its rich natural resources
we're never adequately developed
until the japanese introduced their
efficient though ruthless methods.
The half century of Japanese colo
nial rule materially transformed the
island from chaotic backwardness
into condition of ordered prosper
ity, even if the cream was carefully
skinned off for Japans benefit.
Considering Formosa's natural
wealth, it may seem strange that
the Chinese made so little of it. Yet
SOCll 10 IIlC loSIs IL SllOu40, VI Soul DC
be remembered that Old China was
a loose -jointed Oriental empire and
that Formosa lay long way from
the historic centers of imperial
power and initiative. The coastal
provinces of central China, shut off
from the great river valleys by a
broad belt OF difficult hill country,
have tended to 60 their own way.
So colonization of Formosa from
neighboring Fukien Province had to
be a local matter.
Such early colonization could not
have been easy. This was because
Formosa was inhabited by a pecu-
liarly ferocious brand of aborigines,
Malayan in blood and akin to the
Evening star., 1949-01-23

wild hillmen of the Philippines
Headhunters and cannibals, the
aboriginal Formosans have always
had an instructive hatred for the
Chinese, the latters' only redeeming
features being as the source of skull
trophies and savory ingredients for
the stew-pot.
Haven for Ming's Men
Furthermore, Formosa is, as
whole, difficult of access. There are
few good harbors and, with the
exception of a narrow coastal plain
along the side facing China, most
of the island is a series Of lofty
mountain ranges clothed in impene-
trable jungle-forest. The Pacific
side rises almost sheer from the
ocean in majestic cliffs with back
ground of still higher peaks behind.
Seen from the sea, this coast pre-
sents magnificent panorama which
led the early Portuguese and Span
ish explorers to give the island the
name of Formosa-"The Beautiful" "
The Chinese name, incidentally is
Taiwan.
Chinese penetration of Formosa
began haphaZard. Pirates, fugitive
criminals and other unsavory char
acters appear to have furnished
most of the early settlers. No
attempts at planned colonization
from the mainland had been made
when the Portuguese looked over the
situation in the 10th century and
thought the island might be worth
having. Their efforts, however,
came to naught. The aborigines
and the Chinese squatters alike
proved too tough. Early in the next
century the Dutch made real at
tempt to conquer Formosa. They
built a strong fort, named zelandia,
on the edge of the coastal plain,
and were making some progress
when their plans were interrupted
in unexpected fashion.
Great events were taking place in
China. The native Ming dynasty
had just been overthrown by the
Manchus. A large group of the de-
feated Ming adherents determined
to go into exile rather than bow to
the conqueror and picked on For
mosa as their haven Of refuge
These refugees were headed by a
man of high military talent named
Koxinga He soon expelled the
Dutch, brought the lawless Chinese
squatters to heel, and pushed the
aborlgines back from the lowlands
into the mountains. This was the
real start of Chinese colonization
and the transplanting of Chinese
culture. For a time, the Ming refu-
gee regime maintained complete in
dependence. Ultimately, it recog-
nized the suzerainty of the Manchu
Emperor and Formosa became for
mally part Of the Celestial Empire.
Island Coded to Japan
The imperial connection proved a
dubious benefit. The officials sent
out to the island were almost uni
formly inefficient and corrupt, while
the descendants of the Ming refugee
leaders did not inherit their fathers
ability. The. Chinese population re-
lapsed into ignorance, lawlessness
and brutality, accelerated by the
vice of opium smoking which caused
widespread degeneration. Warfare
with the aborigines went on end
lessly, complicated by risings Of the
local Chinese against the grasping
imperial authorities. All this kept
Formosa undeVeloped and backward
Evening star., 1949-01-23
DC. Taxation Inequality
.and we have attempted to tax then

ana we nave dLJclIplCu w odA oiiSiiA'
ana in practically every case we got
licked in the courts
Original Language Blocked
Fortified with such information,
the Joint subcommittee went into
executive session and produced the
District of Columbia Revenue Act
of ls47. This act would have re-
stored the original 1889 language,
with the tax imposed on residents.
However, when the bill reached the
floor of the House, Representative
Joseph p. O'Hara of Minnesota saw
fit to propose an amendment to
restrict the coverage of the tax by
exempting Federal employees. This
amendment was passed, 1890. and
as so amended, it went to the Senate.
There Senator Harry p. Cain OF
Washington in urging that the
"O'Hara amendment" be stricken,
said: Our next suggestion is that
we broaden the coverage of the
Income Tax Act as it relates to the
District of Columbia At the present
time, and for quite long time past,
the only persons in this community
of more than 100000 persons who
have paid income taxes have been
those domiciled in this community
on the last day of the tax year. We
are recommending-and this, in fact,
Is almost the basis Of our approach
to this community problem-that we
provide within the law a provision
that those who are to pay income
taxes are those who are either
domiciled in the District Of Columbia
on the last day of the fiscal year or
those who live as a resident within
this community for a period OF seven
months, within the year. 1t is my
considered opinion for whatever it
Is worth that the income tax law
governing In this community in
years gone by has been inequitable
and unfair, and If the Senate and
House of Representatives cannot
agree to the provision we are sug-
gesting, it would be only proper and
fit and, in fact, just honest. to
encourage the Congress to get rid
of the income-tax structure In its
entirety in this community
Notwithstanding the above, the
House mandated its conferees to
restore the language Of the "O'Hara
amendment" and with that amend
ment written into it, the act was
finally approved. 1t Is the present
income tax law in the District.
It is submitted that this law is
unjust in that 1t permits many
thousands of actual inhabitants of
the District to escape their share
OF the local tax burden,
The net result Is loss of sub
stantial revenue to the District OF
Columbia.
In such a situation, either the
present income tax must be designed
to catch those now immune, or else
other revenue measures, such as .
sales tax, must be passed to fill in
the present vacuum. Both measures
may prove to be necessary.
Evening star., 1949-01-23

>Durlng mOSC Ine lSIN Century Ille
island enjoyed an evil reputation In
shipping circles because of the sad
fate suffered by crews who CHANGED
to be wrecked on its inhospitable
coasts. Usually, such unfortunates
were either killed and eaten by the
aborigines or plundered and muir
dered by the Chinese inhabitants
These tragedies provoked vehement
protests to the imperial govern
ment by Western powers, followed
by British and French punitive
landings when Peking failed to
remedy the situation.
Such was the island which the
Manchu Emperor ceded to Japan
after the latter's victory in the Sino-
Japanese War of 1894-5. Perhaps
the imperial government was not
too deeply distressed at parting with
dependency which had brought
it slight revenue and much trouble
The local authorities showed their
indifference to the imperial govern
ment by repudiating its action. Re-
fusing to recognize the cession to
Japan, they declared Formosa's in
dependence as a republic But
this regime soon collapsed on the
landing of japanese troops who oc-
cupied the strategic centers ano
eventually stamped ont organized
resistance.
Japs Exploited Resources
/ Our recent enmity toward Japan
should not blind us to the fact that
it did a very creditable job Of
colonial administration and develop
ment in Formosa. Slowly but surely
the islands natural resource were
for the first time, exploited ir
modern scientific fashion. Roads
and railways were built. Mines
were opened. Large-scale planta.
ton agriculture OF tropical stales
especially sugar, was set up. The
/ immense wealth OF the mountain
forests was effectively tapped. de-
spite the furious resistance of the
aborigines, who were eventually
! herded into the most inaccessible
districts and then fenced off with
electrically charged barced wire tc
prevent their incursions. Calcu-
latedly selfish though Japanese
colonial rule was, its very calcula.
ton led it to do much toward the
level of the native Chinese by giving
them public order, sanitation, ele-
mentary education, and checks or
the opium habit. During the half
century of Japanese rule, the popu-
lation Of Formosa more than
doubled, with an even greater rel
ative increase in material we'll
being. Japan's chief failure was its
inability to colonize the island with
it's own people. Formosa proved toe
hot, humid and alien for the Japa-
neSe taste. At the time of the sur
render in l945, the japanese resi-
dent element did not exceed 100000
out of fully 100000 inhabitants.
Such was the island whose re-
turn to China was pledged by the
Western Allies during the late war
! The actual restoration to Chinese
control took place only month
after Japan's capitulation, albeit
Chinese sovereignty was not legally
established, the island remaining
juridically in Allied escrow be-
cause no peace treaty has beer
signed with Japan. Nevertheless
the Chinese National Government
acted in every way as though 1t was
sovereign.
And its first actions were dis
Evening star., 1949-01-23
Coal Figures Misleading


It is of interest to note that for
coal production the Soviet zone of
Germany claims similarly encourag-
ing figures for 194S. On the face of
1t remarkable progress would seem
TO have been made. Soft coal pro-
duction (there Is little hard coal in
Eastern Germany Is reported to
have increased from 1017 million
tons in 1947 to Ill million tons in
194s. But closer inspection Of the
figures published reveals that this
does not represent any real i'm
provement over the past two years.
With its average monthly produc-
tion of 924 million tons coal pro-
duction was, in fact, below the av-
erage of 965 million tons reached
in 1916.
October, 1916, was the best month
Soviet zone coal mining has had
since the end of the war. Its hard
coal production then almost reached
the 1943 average and its soft coal
output was just below the 1888
average. Throughout 1947 and
1948, however, production has re-
NAMED stationary at about 95 per
cent of 1943 output for hard coal
and at about IS per cent for soft
coal. The comparison with 1886
production figures Is in this case
misleading, since the years between
1886 and 1943 witnessed an enor-
nous expansion of the East German
soft coal industry, which raised its
production capacity by more than so
per cent. Soft coal production in
the Russian zone reached its highest
194S level in July of that year with
e.6 million tons. Since then 1t has
remained stationary and all that
the production propaganda cam
paigns for which the second half Of
1948 was 50 notable have been able
TO achieve has been the prevention
Of o sharp decline.
tcopszisht canada-wide Feature service)
Evening star., 1949-01-23
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. c.
SUNDAY, JANUARY 23 ls49
Congress Apt to Go Slow
On New Tax Legislation
Capitol Finance Leaders Want Better Idea
Of What's Ahead Before They Decide
How to Raise Additional Revenue
By Gould Lincoln

Millions wonderingand exercised
gress President Truman
Truman the state Of the Union,
asked for raising additional
revenue increase the ocaed payroll
Evening star., 1949-06-30
Rocco Throws Kompfer
In Wrestling Feature

Arentine Rocca drop-kicked and
body pressed Hans Kampf"r into
submission after Is minutes Of the
main match on the weekly rassling
program at Turner'S Arena last
night.
In other matches Steve Karas
and Able Coleman fought 70 q
draw; Ace Freeman defeated Joe
Kamarofi; Babe Sharkey pinned
John Barron. and George Ma
Icricostas downed Kola Kwariani.
Evening star., 1949-06-30
Jumping ex-6'ont Signs
With Son Froncisco
0, ..s Aasss .a.sa ssss.

SAN FRANCISCO. June 20 ---
San Francisco O. The PAclhc Coast
Leag'4e has signed Harry Hank
FeldmAn night handed pitcher
who ~aS e.ih The New YORK
Giants before JQmping 70 the
Mexican League IN lSSs
Among the Jumpers recently
relnStated. Feldnan asked for his
release when he was no; satisfied
with q GlAnt Offer