davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-06-04
Five Picked For Track
Hall OF Fame

LOS ANGELES - (ANP) - Five
Negro athletes were among the 20
athletes and Is coaches recently Sc
lected for the Track and Field Hall
of Fame.
The Helms Athletic foundation,
w. r. (BilD Shredder, managing di-
rector, is sponsoring the hall. The
Helms hall board of sports editors
of Los Angeles picked the track inn
mortals from a list computed by a
three-man committee of Maxwell
stiles, Dean B. Cromwell, and H.
Archie Richardson.
Names to the board were:
Norwood BARNEY Ewell, Penn
State, considered one of Americas
most durable sprinters, winner of
second place in the 100 and 200 met
er dashes in the 194S Olympics, and
national AAU 200 meter champion
in 1889.
Ralph Metcalfe, Marquette, win
ner Of eight national AAU and six
national collegiate sprint titles.
Jesse owens, Ohio state, one Of
the few winners of four medals in
the Olympics, feat accomplished
in 1886; broke three world records
and tied one in the same afternoon
in 1885, and broad jumped over 26
feet Is times.
Eddie Tolan, Michigan. winner Of
100 and 200 meter championships
in 1882 Olympics.
John Woodruff, Pittsburgh, con-
sidered Americas greatest half mil
er Of all time, won 1888 Olypmics
500 meter title.
Their names have been engraved
on the Paul H.. Helms trophy. A
likeness of each has been installed
the famous hall. More athletes
and coaches are expected to be add
ed TO the list in the future.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-06-04
Bunche Says, GUN
Can Halt War"

BUFFALO, N. Y. - (ANPO - "A
message from DR.. Ralph j. Bunche.
read before the 161st General AS
sembly of the Presbyterian church
here last week, declared that the
UN has shown that it can success
fully stop war and can, by pro-
cess of mediation, take the disput-
ing parties by the hand and lead
them along the road to peaceful and
amicable settlement of their diff
ferences."
The acting mediator of the Pales-
tine commission was scheduled to
give an address at an international
fellowship meeting of the assembly.
However, urgent official business
prevented his attending. Instead, he
sent a message to the assembly
which was read by the Rev. G..
Lake lines of Baltimore.
OF the UN success in hating dis
putes between nations, DIR. Bunche,
said 1T has persuaded bitter enc
mics. Arabs and Jews, to still their
guns, to sit down together and
reach an agreement.
sThe basic purpose Of the UN is to
achieve a world in which all peoples
practice tolerate and live together
in peace with one another as good
neighbors," he continued. 'The UN
is working intensiyely and incess-
antly toward this goal"
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-06-04
Chicago Sisters Who
Attacked Principal
Fined SIPS

CHICAGO - (ANP) - The two
sisters who attacked the principal
and a teacher at the Douglas Ele-
mentary school here last week be
cause their brother Norman Child
ress. IA. was temporarily suspend
ed from the school were fined $l25
and costs in Pury court. The judge
stated the young women might be
put under police supervision for
year or more.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-06-04
Named Captain Of
Him Track Team

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. = amp Lou
Irons of Chicago Heights, Ill. was
elected captain of the University of
Illinois track team last week at the
university's annual track-baseball
banquet.
Irons, who placed third in the
high jump and broad jump at the
Big Ten meet last Saturday, sue
ceeds Bill Buster Of Peoria, H., as
track captain.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-06-04
Health-Ed ucation
Workshop To Be
Held At Lincoln u.

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. - amp
- For a three-week period beginn-
ing June and ending the "a. a
Health Education and Nutrition
workshop will be conducted by Lin
coin university TO- as part of the
summer session program, accord
ing to an announcement from the
director of summer sessions U. s.
Maxwell.
Evening star., 1949-07-17
Home Is Wherever
They Choose to Sail

4 FTER more than 80 years
IA Of home making in the
orthodox manner, Mr.. and
Mrs. Rollo Britten, formerly
of Arlington, have taken up
the rowing life in a 27-foot
sailboat.
Mr.. Britten, SO, a retired
Government statistician, and
Mrs. Britten, a former en-
ploye of the National Re-
search Council and Red Cross
publicist, live aboard their
single = masted cutter, the
Claudia. They have, Of course,
considerably less space to
move around in than they
had in their home, but they
also have the undeniable ad-
vantage of being able to pick
up and 60 when they please.
The matter of not having
a whole house to look after
gives Mrs. Britten time to
paint and sketch, but still
there is not so much leisure
as one would think. There's
always something to do
around a boat" she says.
Living aboard has caused
Mr.. Britten to give up his
piano, but as a substitute he
has taken up the recorder, a
10th century flute-like instru-
ment which he sometimes
plays while in repose on deck.
He consoles himself on having
had to relinquish the piano
with the knowledge that he
couldn't play it lying down.
Recently docked at the foot
of Maine avenue S.W., the
Brittens have now gone to
Barnegat Bay, N. j., to be
Evening star., 1949-07-17

near one of their two sons
who is attending Princeton
University. The other works
in Paris for an airline. When
fall comes, they expect to sail
for Key West, repeating the
voyage they made last winter
through the inland waterway.
Their boat has two head
sails and a mainsail, plus an
engine which Is used when
close quarters forbid the use
of canvas. Mrs. Britten cooks
aboard, using bottled gas for
fuel. They carry 100 pounds
of ice which they replace at
fueling stations
Mr.. Britten, a member of
the Cosmos Club here, gets
his mail through the club, and
has arranged for a fellow
member to forward it when
they are travelling.
Except for running aground
several times, their trip last
winter, the first since adopt
ing the new mode of life, was
fairly uneventful. It was, that
is, until they were nearing the
end of the return trip late last
spring. They had just entered
the mouth of the Potomac
River when they saw a 35-
foot motorboat sinking after
having struck some object.
They recognized the boat as
one belonging to an elderly
couple they had met down
south. The Brittens maneu-
vered up to the stricken boat,
took on board a couple of pas
sengers, and kept alongside
while the distressed vessel was
hauled upriver by a fishing
Evening star., 1949-07-17

course of last winters jour-
ney. One such friend, a boat
man from Toronto, kept them
company all the way from
Florida to Chesapeake Bay
on the return trip.
Mr.. Britten retired from the
Public Health Service In 1946,
having worked there since
1915. A native of Nebraska,
he. attended Harvard Univer-
sity and ran a small-town
newspaper in Michigan be-
fore coming to Washington.
During World War II he was
detailed to the Public Hous-
ing Authority and is still con-
suited as an expert on houS-
ing problems. Later, he
worked for two years as a
health economist in the Child
Health Service of the Amer
lean Academy of Pediatrics.
Mrs. Britten had worked for
the NRC here for 16 years as
a secretary in the division of
psychology and anthropology.
For more than three years she
did publicity work with the
Red Cross here, being occu-
pied mainly in getting out a
magazine for American pris-
oners of war.
Their nomadic life repre-
sents the fulflllment of a long
cherished mutual philosophy.
I'VE wanted to quit working
while we were still young
enough to enjoy life," says
Mr.. Britten.
I'VE are not interested in
collecting material things,
adds Mrs. Britten. "Nor are
we interested in staying in
one place. So we took to the
boat. OF course, some day
we probably will want to set
tie In one place-close to the
Water-but not yet
Evening star., 1949-02-25
A Luxury Beyond Our Means

It NAV be a good thing for the COM
munity to undertake the day care OF un-
der-school age children so their parents
NAV work. But to do so the community
should be able to afford it, It, seems pre-
posterous to The Star that with the city
facing tremendous deficits ard falling
down on other obligations to school chill
dren and public wards, it is proposed 10
perpetuate this wartime experiment OF
nursery centerS.
It began as part of the war effort the
Federal Government thought enough OF II
then to spend millions of dollars In grants
to the States as an added inducement TO
get women into the war plants. But when
the war was over the nature OF the centerS
suddenly changed from wartime neceS-
sity to welfare project
Here in the District the life OF the'leglS-
lation has been continued from year to
wear and the funds have been cut down
to the current S15O,0O0. But that $15O,OOO
represents a costly project in relation TO
the cost of other things About forty -elght
emploves are necessary to care for 222 chill
dren about one employe for every t1Ve
children. And while $150,OOO may be
relatively small sum in budget exceed
ing 500, 100000, it requires the total real
estate taxes paid by the owners OF 75O
homes, assessed at $4,000 each, to main
tain the day care of these 222 children so
that their parents may work during the
daytime.
Like many other well-intentioned social
experiments, this one is justified only Wnen
a community, meeting more important
obligations, has the money LETT over ana
the inclination to support it. The justin
cation for it is lacking in this case. 1t IS
illogical to say that the community is ooh-
gated to make this temporary device
permanent function of Government for the
benefit of a very small number of people,
when it lacks the money for more essential
things.
The Commissioners have been opposed
10 the business since the beginning. Inc
Board of Public Welfare and the Board OF
Education, for other reasons, were opposed
to 1t. It has been continued under the
skillful pressure of small group which
believes that it is the responsibility OF Gov
ernment to care for the children of work
ing parents during the daytime. The
House District Subcommittee, which has
the proposal under consideration to make
the legislation permanent, is wise in post
noning a decision until it looks more
deeply into the facts For the facts surely
would argue against continuing the cen
ters beyond this current fiscal year.
Evening star., 1949-02-25
Armistice in Palestine

The armiStice agreement signed at
Rhodes between the Egyptian and Israeli
representatives not only puts an end to
hostilities between the two parties but
appears to be the harbinger of definitive
peace settlement in Palestine.
Technically, of course, this is a measure
limited to military dispositions pending
final settlement. Indeed, the document
specifically states that none OF its pro-
visions affects subsequent diplomatic nego-
tiations nor abrogates any of the rights
of either party.
However, the significance of the armi-
stice undoubtedly corresponds to strategic
and political realities which virtually pre-
clude a resumption of hostilities. The
Egyptians are obviously unable to undo by
force of arms the military successes gained
by the Israeli forces in their recent often-
sives. They can therefore gain nothing by
refusing to acknowledge the existing situa-
ton, while the armiStice terms enable
them to evacuate their pocketed detach-
ments and reduce military dispositions
that have become costly and Improbable.
Lastly, their retention under the armlStlce
of the coastal strip adjoining Egypt up to
GAIA gives the Egyptians a bargaining
point in the eventual peace negotiations.
The wider significance of the armistlce
arises from the fact that it forms a pat
tern for similar arrangements between
Israel and its other Arab neighbors. They,
likewise, have nothing to gain and some
thing to lose by prolonging even technical
hostilities with the new Jewish state whose
existence they have been unable to prevent
by force of arms. Indeed, the conclusion
of armistices between all OF them and
Israel are clearly indicated within the
very near future. And in the diplomatic
negotiations which should logically follow,
the only outstanding issues of Importance
lie between Israel and Trans-Jordan, eSpe-
cially the status of Jerusalem and the
Israeli desire to establish port on the
Gulf of Aqaba at the narrow southern tip
of the Negeb-the region, now desert,
which Israel hopes to populate by intensive
irrigation. No difficulties should arise be-
tween Israel and Lebanon or Syria, be-
cause no frontier rectiications are sought
on either side. AS for Iraq and Saudi
Arabia they are not geographically IN con-
tact with Israel, their difficulties with
Israel having been due to their member
ships in the Arab League which opposed
the setting up of Jewish state.
Arab antagonism to the existence OF
such state will not, presumably, vanish
even after the conclusion of formal peace
settlements all around. Yet, whatever may
be the long-run consequences of such an
attitude, there seems to be no immediate
alternative to a formal recognition Of
present realities. A practical settlement
of the Palestine problem on workable lines
is therefore logically indicated.
Evening star., 1949-02-25
Reservinq Our Rights

We tell Bulgaria very solemnly through
our Charge dAfaireS in Sofia that our
Government considers as "unfounded ana
ludicrous" the charges brought against
fifteen Protestant pastors. We think prep
aration of these charges is blatant ter
roristic effort" And we add, our Gov
ernment reserves its rights under the
treaty of peace with Bulgaria"
Bulgaria thereupon rejects this solemn
abatement and returns it almost as soon as
made to the United States Legation. What
do we do now? What are our rights
under the treaty and how do we pre-
serve" them?
What we shall do is not very clear.
Whatever it is, it cannot be much. The
treaty secured to us certain rights, 1t is
true. With Russia and Great Britain we
were to exercise sort of supervision OF the
Bulgarian government for eighteen months.
and that time does not expire until next
March 15 But even after eighteen months
the treaty gives us the right to step in
along with Britain and Russia-should
there arise a case of suspected violation OF
treaty guarantees.
Such case has arisen, for the proceed
ings against the pastors appear to be
violation of Bulgaria S treaty guarantees OF
freedom of worship and other freedoms. 1t
is impossible to proceed in the investiga-
ton of such alleged violation however,
unless the three powers act together The
three powers stopped acting together when
Bulgaria became a Soviet satellite. AND
even if they acted together, the most they
could do would be to agree on commits
sion of investigation, two members to be
chosen by the two parties to the, dispute
presumably the United States and the
Bulgarian Government-with the third
member selected "by mutual consent OF
the three powers. In case of disagreement,
the third member could on appeal, be Sc
lected by the Secretary General OF the
United Nations
The trouble with this procedure, OF
course, is that it amounts to nothing If
the treaty which defines it is no longer
controlling. And the treaty ceased to be
controlling when Bulgaria went Commu-
mist. So the rights" that we preserve
under the treaty are tenuous rights indeed.
And that may govern an eventual decision
to appeal the dispute with Bulgaria, and
Hungary, direct to the United Nations AS
sembly. And what can the Assembly do'
Evening star., 1949-02-25

Little, beyond debating the issue which
would be presented to it.
So, in the end, behind the stiffiy worded
notes, delivered and returned, there re-
mains little beyond putting into motion
the various processes of appeal to public
opinion-telling the world, in other words,
what we think of what is going on in
Hungary and Bulgaria in the hope that
millions of people will believe as we do,
that it is all wrong, that it contradicts the
very principles for which we fought vic
torious war and that if continued uncor-
rected there can be little hope of peace. If
enough of the people of the world and of
Bulgaria come to see it that way, things
may change.
Evening star., 1949-02-25
World Refugee Problem

A recent worldwide survey OF displaced
persons and refugees, conducted at tne
Geneva headquarters of the international
Refugee Organization, reveals problem
as unprecedented as it is appalling. From
Central Europe to the Far East, vast
masses of humanity not only have been
but are still being driven from their homes,
for the most part into squalid and uncared-
for exile. The resultant situation sur
passes anything previously experienced or
even imagined.
This situation is no mere legacy OF the
late war. Great though the wartime dis
placements were, they are only the begin
ming of the tragic tale. Since the wars
end, nearly four years ago, civil strife,
political persecution, and minor 1nterna-
tional conflicts have probably produced
more refugees than those left at the close
of World War II. And it should be recalled
that the war refugees ran into the
millions.
1t was to handle the War-refugee prob
lem that IRO was established, as a sub
sidiary of the United Nations. But its
Jurisdiction was specifically limited to
persons displaced during the war, chiefly
~--A-1
partners. It was eStopped by the terms OF
its charter from doing anything for Ger
man or other Axis refugees expelled by
the victorS And the German refugees
alone probably ran close to 1O,OOO,OOU.
Incidentally, a new wave OF German
refugees is flowing from the Russian occu-
patton zone into Western Germany estl-
mated by German authorities as already
numbering some 100000. In addition,
Communist prosecutions in the satellite
lands are sending rising streams OF
| refugees from every country behind the
Iron Curtain.
Turning from Central Europe to the
Near East, one finds two areas of major
| displacement. In Greece, the civil war
has uprooted at least 100000 persons from
their homes, while more than 100000
Arabs who fled from the ISraeli-controlled
districts of Palestine are destitute.
1t is when the survey reaches the Middle
and Far East, however, that the refugee
problem attains fantastic proportions. The
communal riots which attended the dlVl-
sion of the Indian subcontinent resulted
| in the displacement of fully 100000
persons, about equally divided between
Hindus and Moslems. The climax Is
reached in China, where the japanese
invasion followed by the Kuomintang-
Communist civil war has uprooted more
than 5O,OO00OO persons. And that number
is still growing.
AS matters stand, nothing is being done
on an international scale to handle these
vast postwar increments of human misery.
| As already remarked IRO is limited to
certain categories of wartime refugees
classified as "displaced persons" 1t is
therefore unable even to consider appeals
pouring into its central office for help in
refugee problems outside its Jurisdiction.
Evening star., 1949-02-25

oncoming traffic from the opposite direction.
ton.
In, view of all the indignities that walkers
experience at the hands of drivers who re-
fuse to play the traffic game fairly, it does
seem that our traffic authorities are unnec-
essarily harsh and unfair in their treat
ment of walkers. Unless pedestrians unite
to combat the increasing encroachments on
their rights, it wouldn't be surprising if
some day pedestrians will be required to
take walking tests and secure pedestrians
permits to circulate about town. Those
who could not pass the test probably would
be banished to concentration camps since
they would be serious menace to driving.
LEWIS L. YOUNG.
Evening star., 1949-02-25
Pensions and Income Toxes

A retired high school teacher has called
to The Stars attention a matter that
deserves further study by Federal tax
officials and by Congress This is the
problem of eliminating the inequities in
existing income tax laws as they affect
pensions and annuitieS. The problem is
an old one at the Treasury and the Cap
itol, but despite such relief measures as
extra exemptions for 65- yearol and for
the blind, some basic inequalities still
persist.
The teacher complained of the hardship
of having to pay income taxes on pensions
as earned income. and said it was hard
to believe that Congress intended this to
be done. 'The Treasury" she said, pays
the pension to us and then we pay 1t
back" in part as taxes. Congress has
been fully aware of the situation, however,
and in providing the extra 5000 exemption
for persons IS or over it was seeking to
afford some relief not only to teachers
but to all annuitants. Actually the Treas
ury taxes only that portion Of the pension
remaining after the employees contribu-
tions are deducted. The employe already
has been taxed on his contributions when
they were received as income.
There have been many bills in the past
to exclude or partially exclude pensions
and annuities from income taxes, but the
Treasury invariably has contended that
retirement payments should be consid-
cred as deferred income" subject to taxa
ton. Revenue officials argue that to
exempt pensioners as class would be
unfair to small businessmen and others
who have retired on small incomes from
savings or investments.
But the Treasury freely admits that the
present law is unfair to retired civil service
and many other types of workers in that
it sets up preferred classes for exclusion
from income taxation. Under the Railroad
Retirement Act, for instance, retired rail-
road workers are relieved of the necessity
of paying income taxes on their pensions.
Furthermore, Social Security benefits and
disability pensions for veterans are ex-
empt. This, on its face, is unequal taxa
ton for which there Is no good reason
and the continuance of which provides
teachers and other groups with legit-
innate cause for complaint. If Congress
wants to give every retired employe
fair deal it will either do away with such
special exemptions or extend them gen.
orally to all who are forced to live on
retirement pay. Congress should not per-
nit the Government to play favorites In
enforcing the tax laws.