Evening star., 1949-09-25
Reds Atom Progress
Puts Europe at Their
Mercy, DR.. Urey Says
BY the Associoted Press

BY the Associofed Press
CHICAGO, Sept. pa group of
top scientists contended today that
Russia's development of atomic
energy means the United States
no longer can prevent Western
Europe from being attacked.
western Europe from here on
is.at the mercy of Russia" said DR..
Harold c. Urey, Nobel prize winner
and discoverer of heavy water used
in atomic reactors. IF peace is
preserved, it will no be because
we can prevent Western Europe
from being attacked"
The scientists also agreed that
IT. the United States and Russia
ultimately engaged in atomic war
fare 1t will be at least a 10-year
military struggle that will require
occupation as the final step.
sAll active in atomic research
from the start. the scientists ex-
pressed their views at news con-
ference on Russia's reported de-
velopment of atomic enerby.
Makes Little Difference.
at makes very little difference
II the reported atomic explosion
in Russia was caused by a bomb
or the blowup of an atomic pile"
said DR.. Leo Szilard, a Hungarian
born pioneer in atomic research
now professor of biology at the
University of Chicago.
IF the Russians are at the
atomic pile stage, the manufac-
ture of atomic bombs will follow
shortly. But I don't think the
Russians would let a pile blow up
if they had the scientific and
chronological brains to build one"
Other scientists in the confer
ence were DR.. Thorfin R. Hog
ness, director of the University of
Chicago Institute of Radiobiology
and Biophysics and DR.. Samuel
K. Allison, director of the univer-
sity's institute of nuclear studies.
DR.. Urey, DR.. Allison and DIR.
Hogness said that if no agreement
can be reached with Russia on
international atomic controls, the
only alternative may be a union
OF Western democracies.
"Urey said it became apparent
early in the discussions on inter-
national controls that Russia
never would agree. He said
union of democracies with super
government empowered to declare
war is the only deterrent. He de-
clared that sentiment for a world
government has grown amazing
ly" in the last few years. e
Agree on Five Points.
The scientists agreed on the fol-
lowing points: IS
/. Russia, because of it's vast
territory and concealed war in
dustry, will not need as many
atomic bombs as the United States
to reach an atomic weapons par
with this country.
2. Atomic weapons alone would
not be decisive in any such war,
and such a military struggle
would last at least 10 years.
8. Russia is at least abreast of
the United States in development
of long range range rockets-po-
tential carriers of atomic war
heads.
4. Psychological warfare is
mot in the same class" with
atomic warfare. A nation needs
air superiority to start bacteriolog-
ical warfare, the materials are
difficult to store, and, there is a
danger the disease wiz spread
back to the attacking nation.
5. RusSia's hand is now vastly
strengthened in any future dis
cussions on international control
Of atomic energy.
DR.. Urey said a friend" of his
in Denmark reported that Russia
was reputed to have $50 snorkel
submarines in the Baltic Sea.
Should Relax Secrecy.
In New York. meanwhile,
statement by DR.. Urey and an
other atomic scientist said the
American policy of secrecy on
atomic developments should be re-
laxed now that Russia is known
to have an atomic weapon.
The assertion was made by DR..
Urey and DR.. Harrison Brown,
both Of the Institute for Nuclear
studies at Chicago. DR.. Brown is
in New York on visit.
Their statement said that a
group Of atomic scientists predict
ed four years ago that other ma