Evening star., 1949-08-22

| free nations striving toward the
same objectives.
To achieve better world we must
prevent international violence. Un-
less protection against war can be
secured, all efforts for the ad'
vancement Of mankind will fall
One of the most important aspects
of our foreign policy, therefore, Is
our effort to establish international
order.
To this end, we have joined with
other nations in creating a world
rganization which would outlaw
aggression and establish a means OF
settling international order.
The principles of the United Ma
tions are still our goal. We have
undertaken to defend and preserve
them. We will keep that pledge.
Action Necessary.
Shortly after the end OF the war
however, it became apparent that
the United Nations could not live
I'D to all our hopes for it until all
nations were united In the desire
for peace. It became necessary
therefore, for the free countries to
take action to defend the principles
of that organization and to preserve
1t.
By an overwhelming bipartisan
vote, the Congress approved my rec
ommendation early IN 1947 that the
United States help Greece and
Turkey resist Communist pressures
Our prompt action preserved the
integrity of both countries.
BY an equally overwhelming vote
in ls48 the Congress approved oul
Joint enterprise with l6 European
nations to achieve economic recov-
ery. The European Recovery Pro-
gram has prevented general collapse
| in Europe, and has given hope to oil
countries who want to see the world
resume the course of economic prog
ress.
While we are working with our
friends in Europe, we are also work.
ing with our friends and neighbors
in this hemisphere. The pact OF
Rio de Janeiro, signed in September
l947. binds the nations of North and
South America together in de-
fensive alliance.
The United States and II othel
nations have now Joined in the
North Atlantic Treaty. Like the Ric
pact, this Is a pledge Of mutual as
sistance by nations which are de-
termined to protect their independ-
ence. It is based on the principle
that an armed attack on o. men,
ber nations is an attac all.
The next task is to this
principle with militarT e te
European nations, ,rtair
other nations, which. -lble tc
build up their defenses without out.
side help.
Three Forms of Aid Urged.
I have recommended to the Con-
gress that the United States supply
three kinds of military assistance
to friendly democratic nations In
need of our help.
First, we should help them in
crease their own military produc-
tion.
Second, we should transfer to
them some essential items Of mill
tary equipment.
Third, we should send some OF
our experts abroad to help train
and equip their military forces.
Some people who do not under
stand the state Of the world very
we'll have tried to make the military
assistance program seena q dimcult
taIYA confused issue...L0n- thE-con;
trary, it Is very simple. --~"---~eS
The purpose of the military as
sistance program is to prevent ag-
gression.
Our European partners in the
North Atlantic Treaty are not strong
enough today to defend themselves
effectively. Since the end Of the wa,
they have been concentrating on re-
building their war-torn economies
We can strengthen them, and our
selves, by transferring some military
means to them, and by joining with
them in q common defense plan
The military assistance program is
based on the same principle of self
help and mutual aid that Is the
cornerstone of the European Recov-
cry Program and the North Atlantic
Treaty.
Aim Is to Avoid War.
We are not arming ourselves and
our friends to start fight with any
body. We are building defenses SO
that we won't have to fight.
Our aid will be limited to the ma
terial necessary to equip mobile de-
fense forces. These forces will con-
stitute no threat to the independ-
ence of other nations. The demo-
cratic nations have no desire for
aggression; they only want to be
able to defend their homes.
Most of our assistance under this
program will 60 to Atlantic Treaty
countries, but we will also help GER
tain other nations whose security
Is important to world peace. We
must continue our aid to Greece and
Turkey. We should help Iran main
tain its firm stand against Soviet
pressure. And, in the Far East, two
young republics - the Philippines
and Korea-need military assist
ance if they are to maintain their
national security.
If it were possible, we would pre-
fer that these bulwarks against ag-
gression be established by the Unit
ed Nations. We hope the peace OF
the world will some day be enforced
by security forces under the control
and direction of the United Ma
tions.
We have been working for that.
But the Soviet Union has blocked
every effort to establish an effective
international police force and to
free the world from the fear of as-
gression. For that reason, we have
had to join other friendly nations
in forming regional defense pacts.
The United Nations Charter was
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