davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-01-10
The Sephurdim Aqoin .

The decision of the Franco regime to
permit descendants of Jews expelled from
spain in 1892 to return to the fatherand"
reopenS one of the most interesting chap
ters in the history of Europe. In order
to understand its significance properly, it
is necessary to judge the present gesture
against the background of nearly five
centuries. The Sephardim, to whom cur
rent news from Madrid particularly refers,
were the arstocracy of Iberian Jewry
From them came state officials, church.
men of high position, bankers and mer-
chants of vast wealth and power, physi-
clans and scholars of the greatest learning
1t was their prominence largely that led
to their persecution.
Even now the reasons for their exile
from CASTLE and Aragon at the moment
of Columbus discovery of America are not
altogether clear The religious explana-
tion commonly given is not entirely salts
factory. Since the royal edict stipulated
that the Jews should leave all their prop
erty behind them, it seems evident that
economic motives were involved. Be that,
however, as it may, the important fact is
that between 10000 and 900 people
Withdrew" from Spain. Many died of pes
thence, starvation, shipwreck and other
accidents. The survivors-called Spag-
nioli and Franconians as well as Seph
ardim-found refuge in Italy, Turkey,
Greece, Egypt and other portions of the
Eastern Mediterranean basin; also, in
smaller numbers, in Holland England
Denmark, Germany, Austria and Hungary;
a few crossed the Atlantic and some, al
1egedly, reached India.
Despite their poverty, the exiles main
tanned their self-consciousness. Those
from Seville established colonies and syn
agogues distinctively their own. The same
rule applied to those from other cities.
Soon there were small Sephardic Toledos
and Cordovas all over, the continent. They
preserved not only the Spanish dignity
but the Spanish idiom also; and they pre-
served the latter with so much love and
with 20 much tenacity that it has re-
Evening star., 1949-01-10
We Are Vulnerable

Air Force Secretary SymlngtOnS S annual
report is noteworthy not only because it
shows the progress made during the first
year of Air Force autonomy but because it
frankly reveals that much remains to be
done before our air defenSeS can be con-
Sidered reasonably secure. Particularly
alarming is the vulnerability of this coun-
try to surprise aerial attack, due to our
lack of an effective radar warning system.
Mr.. Symington makes no effort to conceal
the fact that this continent today is
potential sitting duck for another Pearl
Harbortype attack.
1t is significant of the concern of our
military authorities over our weaknesses
in the area of plane detection that the Air
Force Secretary listed an adequate plane
spotting and warning system as the Ma
tions greatest need right now. He rec
commended top legislative priority for
such a system The Air Force, he said,
formulated plans for radar screen around
the country more than year ago and cir
culated them among officials of other
branches, but attempts to bring the mat
ter before the Eightieth Congress were un-
successful" Mr.. Symington did not ex-
plain who was responsible for failure of
these attempts. But it is safe to assume
that the Secretary'S report will result in
thorough consideration of the radar net
work subject by the present Congress.
There should be no further delay in
inter-service agreement on an aircraft
control and warning system for the rea-
son that it requires long research and test
ing to establish one. A great deal of pre-
liminary groundwork, some of it in the
international field, must be done before
large appropriations are required. The
farther from our shores this detection
screen can be placed, the greater the time
our interceptor planes will have to take
off and concentrate against invading
enemy planes or air fleets. 1t is obvious
that cooperation of neighboring countries
and of authorities in Greenland and Ice
land will be essential to the establishment
of radar outposts sufficient to our needs.
There must be complete co-ordinat ton, too,
among Army, Navy and Air Force detec-
tion components.
Unsatisfactory progress also has been
made in such areas as housing for Air
Force personnel, rebuilding of wartime
bases needed for future defense, research
and development projects, the Air Reserve
program, advanced training of officers,
and, of course, fulflllment of the seventy
group air fleet goal. In connection with
the last-named objective, it is interesting
to note that the report still urges its
achievement despite failure of the Presi-
dents announced military budget to pro-
vide for completion of the program. But
even seventy group aerial striking force
will be of questionable value if, through
lack of an adequate warning system, we
leave the way open for surprise attack
especially if the attackers should possess
atom bombs. And it is the consensus of
our experts that we cannot count on hav-
Ing continued monopoly of A-bomb
secrets after 1852
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Scandinavia Confers

Before the end OF the month a mOmen-
tous conference of the three Scandinavian
countries is scheduled to convene at Co.
penhagen, the Danish capital This con-
ference will be participated in not only
by heads of government but also by dele
gates of the respective parliamentS, which
will give it an unusually authoritative and
inclusive character. The ground work for
the meeting has already been prepared by
preliminary discussions between experts
in the fields of strategy, foreign policy and
economics.
The Copenhagen conference will attempt
to make a decision on Scandinavias atti-
tude toward the gigantic tension between
West and East. A decision of some sort is
imperative, because it is anticipated that
at least two of the Scandinavian countries,
Denmark and Norway will shortly receive
invitations to join the Atlantic Pact. And
the indications are that in both those
countries the invitation will be favorably
received.
The uncertain factor is Sweden. And
the reasons for divergence in attitude be-
tween the SWedes and their Scandinavian
kinsmen are obvious. Norway and Den
mark face westward, are intimately con-
nected with the Western world, and have
just been through the bitter experience
of foreign conquest and occupation. Too
weak to stand alone their sole hope of Sc
curity from potential aggression coming
from the eastward lies in a close asSocia-
ton with the Western democracies They
therefore appear to stand ready to assume
the contingent risks of membership in the
Atlantic Pact
With Sweden, it is otherwise. Sweden
not only faces east and is more immedi-
ately exposed to Soviet aggression but has
also been able to maintain its neutrality,
emerging physically unscathed from both
the world wars. It is likewise militariy
strong enough to put up, at least tenn
porarily, stout resistance to invasion.
What the Swedes seemingly want is a
separate Scandinavian defense pact based
on political neutrality between East and
West. The drawback to this idea is that,
even united, Scandinavia could not hope
effectively to resist major aggression by
the Soviet Union
At Copenhagen, way will be sought to
work out some compromise agreement
whereby united Scandinavia will be able
to effect closer understandings with the
Western Powers and at the same time
avoid giving offense to Soviet Russia. I'm
less such middle way is discovered, it may
be that Denmark and Norway will join the
Atlantic Pact while Sweden will persist in
its traditional policy of neutrality.
Evening star., 1949-01-10

surance that is practical and solvent. The
chiropractor symbolizes the type Of insurance
risk that is making England's all-encompass-
ing health insurance plan go bankrupt For
want of better name we call 1t psychoso-
matte illness. This is that huge group of dis
agreeable symptoms which result from unhap-
piness. insecurity, Illustration and emotional
binges. True, they need healing like any other
pain or distress. But the point is their very
nature encourages hysterical exaggeration by
the patient and chiselng by the doctor. If
you have baby, If you have catastrophe ILL
ness or If you have a malignancy you can
prove it. 1t is solvent mathematical basis for
estimating the insurance risk and the fair cost
of preparing it. But how can you keep the
national budget balanced and promise &c un-
derwrite every case of nerves that demands a
blank check in insurance coverage? Common
sense tells us to start with something whose
need and priority are beyond dispute This
does not includeI illness which the cnlropraclor
truthfully may claim he also can cure.
THOMAS E. MATTINGLY, M. D.
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Says Arabs Defy u. n.

To the Editor of The star
B. P. writes in your issue of January S:
Are we afraid to speak with impartiality
and with justice to any violator of u N or
ders, whether he is Dutch or Jewish?" This
follows his statement that: The Israel gov
ernment had instituted hostties in the Nepeb
area, which by U. N. decision was to 20 to
the Arabs"
But B. P. cannot decide what is Justice if
he doesn't get his facts straight The U. N.
IL the Partition Plan gave the Negeb to the
Jews not to the Arabs Since the U. N. did
not have the power to enforce its plan, the
Jews have a moral justification in taking on
the defense of the territory given her by
he u N.
True, the British INSPIRED Bernadotte plan
would nave given the Negeb to the Arabs, but
,he Security Council rejected the Bernadotte
proposal as we'll as similar one by DR.. Ralph
Bunche.
Without an Arab violation of the U. N.
Partition Plan, there would be no war and no
truces. Arab powers outside Palestine have
waged war Of aggression with British aid in
Hagrant disregard of the United Nations to
which they belong They do not even claim
TO have the democratic aim of ENCOURAGING
selt-goyernment by Palestinian Arabs
Yes, we need courage, courage to tell Britain
and the aggressor Arab nations that they
are violating their right to be members of
the United Nations just as Australia told the
Dutch. Economic sanctions would be even
more effective. CAROL, SADIE
Evening star., 1949-01-10

manned surprisingly pure up to the
present day."
Varying degrees of welcome we're &C.
corded the Sephardin. In some countries
they shortly rose to positions of note
Among their descendants have been many
celebrated persons, including Benjamin
Disraeli, the novelist-Prme Minister who
made Great Britain an empire Franco
and his associates, naturally, know the
whole story. The erstwhAe exiles have
been under Spanish protection through
agreement with the old Ottoman power
since 1887. A Jewish house of worship and
prayer was permitted to open in Spain
on January g.
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Industry and Atomic Secrecy

Our Atomic Energy Commissions Indus
trial Advisory Committee has drawn up a
pertinent report on the difficult problem
OF how to maintain essential secrecy and
at the same time open up the field of
| nuclear flSSion to as much private enter
prise as possible
Submitted to the commission after q
years study by group of prominent in
dustrialists, the report recognizes that
national security demands that important
atomic operations must be a Government
monopoly functioning behind a kind of
iron curtain. But it goes on to warn
against the erection of IAN impenetrable
barrier" that would keep the bulk of our
private industries from learning enough
to contribute to the development of this
great new power either for military or non
military purposes.
In the words of the report, If industry
is to help in atomic energy and benefit
from it, industrialists must first be put in
a position to find out enough about the
subject to determine whether and where
there are in fact opportunities to take part
In devising means to this end only the
Government can take the initiative" in the
sense of providing "the catalytic forces
that will set more of the normal processes
of industry to work" on the task of ex-
ploring and exploiting all the atoms great
potentialities.
Enlarging upon this point, the Industrial
Advisory Committee makes the following
observations, among others: % That its
survey of the situation leaves it with the
Nicfir nf io1yH hot OF
of nonsecret information" remains to be
published; (2) that this information
covering things like new metallurgical
techniques and technical advances of many
kinds-would be valuable to private enter
prise, and 90 that much of the data al
ready made public has been put out in
such piecemeal and scattered fashion that
outsiders find it "well-nigh impossible" to
pull it all together in orderly and intelli
gible form.
Accordingly, the committee report rec
ommends that the Atomic Energy Com
mission bring as many industrialists as
possible into broad personal contact" with
the projects being carried out under it;
that it establish permanent industrial
advisory group; that it publish more tech
nical and semitechnical papers; that it
organize the great volume of material
already released into a consecutive and
orderly whole, and that it review its class
fed data and make public any usefu
knowledge that may be "still buried in the
files" although military security is no
involved.
AS chairman of the Acc, David E.
Lilienthal has accepted the report with
the comment that its recommendations
are highly desirable" in principle, though
of doubtful practically in some respects.
For his own part, he has repeatedly
stressed the Importance of broadening the
role of private enterprise in our atomic
activities, and he has often sounded the
same warning as the industrial advisory
group-namely, that excessive secrecy, far
from serving our security, can endanger it..
| Nevertheless, even though Mr.. Lilienthal
Evening star., 1949-01-10

answer
ss h4ss 6 Ss Cents m
@. Are eucalyptus trees native to California;
r. H. H.
A. Sea CAPTAINS brought the eucalyptus seeds
from Australia at the time of the gold rush.
The trees are fast growing and strong ana
valuable as wind breaks.
@. When was the first heavy air raid on
Berlin during World War II? F. H.
A. The first serious aid raid on Berlin dur.
ing World War II was on the night Of jan
uary is, 1943, when 146 planes few over and
dropped $50 tons of bombs. This raid was
about 10 times as heavy as any previous one
O. What is meant by the seniority rule"
in Congress? G. NJ N
A. The seniority rule is the practice whereby
Member who has served longest on the
majority side of committee becomes chaiT-
man and otherwise acquires additional in
fuence.
O. Please name some gangsters who have
been apprehended because Of evasion OF the
income tax laws.-K. r. E.
A. Gangsters who were caught because OF
income tax evasions include AL Capone, Nucky
johnson, Willie Bioff, Moe Annenberg and Tom
Pendergast.
@. What per cent of the women in the
United States have never been married.
s. B. c.
A. In is47, the per cent of women in the
civilian population Of the United States who
have never been married was 10. This Is Sp.
proximately one out of every 13 women In tbs
United States.
@. What proportion Of the butter churned in
the United States Is churned on farms?-
E. L. M.
A Ahout ona.Afth of the h,,tter ch,,rned in
the United States Is churned on farms. Practi.
cally all the rest is produced by creameries.
Total production at present amounts to abous
two billion pounds year.
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Police Should Obey the Court

Inspector TruScott, assistant Superin-
tendent of police, was stating the obvious
when he informed precinct commanders
that police should use every effort" to
comply with the Supreme Courts decision
in the "transom -peeping" case. 1t is hard
to understand why they should need a
special memorandum to give them this
advice
That such memorandum was needed,
however is indicated by the letter which
United States Attorney Fay felt obliged
to send to Police Superintendent Barrett.
In this letter Mr.. Fay complained that in
many instances" police have paid mo
attention" to the principles of law set
forth by the court in the Mcdonald
Washington case. In that case the court
denounced local police for failure to obtain
warrant before entering an apartment
and peeping over transom to observe an
alleged numbers law violation. The high
court reversed the conviction of the
two men,
AS Mr.. Fay pointed out in his letter,
the Supreme Court could find no excuse
for the neglect to obtain a warrant in
the questioned case except Inconvenience
of the officers and delay in preparing
papers and getting them before a magis-
trate." The court held that such reasons
were not sufficient to justify the BY
passing of constitutional requirements.
The police of Washington or any other
jurisdiction can ill afford to take the
courts admonishment casually The Dis
trict Attorneys reminder to the Police
Department may save the police, the
prosecutors and the courts lot of unnec-
essary trouble in the future.
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Silence on D. G.. Weather

TO the EdItof OF the StaT.
have been reading accounts of the weather
in other parts of the country, including not
only States in the great plains region but some
Southern States, sunny California and balmy
Florida. also read of recent hardships in
New York, Boston, Chicago and other points,
But, ! have not heard anything from those
who are often 50 fluent on the subject OF the
terrible climate Of Washington. j. L.
Evening star., 1949-01-10

himself is of that mind, 1t Is good for the
organization he heads to hear the warning
restated by industrial leaders on the out
side. The more 1t is kept in mind, the
less likelihood there will be of unnecessary
restrictions holding back atomic progress.
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address of the
,oriter, although it is permissible for
a Uriter knoUn to The Star to use
q non, de plume Please be brief.
Evening star., 1949-01-10

If he didn't get his two front teeth for
Christmas, there's still a chance the tot
will grow up and get into professional ice
hockey where these are dispensable.
Evening star., 1949-01-10

Always little hard to take, in the
northerly latitudes, are photos of the
sunny bowl game, attended by 10000 dyed
inthe-cotton fans.
Evening star., 1949-01-10

A giant neon sign atop a Moscow hotel
carries the message, Buy Soviet Cham
pagne." You mean the Muscovite playboy
has a choice?
Evening star., 1949-01-10

There has been scarcely any curiosity
evinced over which was the best-dressed
husband OF best-dressed woman of the
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Publicity at Glenn Dale Approved

To the Editor of The Star:
You published letter by Eleanor Duerksen,
condemning publicity about the surgical error
at Glenn Dale as having an adverse effect on
the morale of patients.
Other patients by q wide margin share my
opinion that such publicity is a protection to
the extent of making future errors more costly
to the careless. We acknowledge the fallibility
of any human endeavor and want all the news
both good and bad that we can get. This mis-
take could have been avoided and knowing
the liability, steps will be taken to see that it
does not happen again.
If such an operation were prescribed for me-
my attitude would be unchanged Other con-
siderations weigh much more heavily than the
possibility Of physician working on the wrong
side. ROSHAN w. DYAR.
Evening star., 1949-01-10

To the Editor of The Star
Arthur Baalson, in his letter of January T.
persuasively poses the question: Why not in
clude the chiropractor in a national health
insurance program?
We are informed that chiropractic is the
second largest healing science, with millions of
patients. 1t is subtly implied that something
the doctors may be doing to the people may
account for our Nations health deficiencies.
Cooperation between doctors and chiroprac
tors, it is suggested will produce the nillen-
mum.
But the intelligent realist will give an en-
phatc mo" to this childish sophistry.
We are discussing a national health insur-
sance program. We are seeking practical and
solvent ways and means to insure the weary
taxpayer against bankrupting health hazards.
We desperately need a floor of social insurance
under the common burdens of child-bearing,
catastrophe illness and malignant disease.
BY definition, the chiropractor disqualifes
himself. Believing that most disease results
from abnormal nerve pressure by displaced
yertebrae, he repudiates everything medical
cience advocates. Chiropractors are against
vaccination hence do not believe in immun-
ology-which Is the backbone of preventive
medicine. Neither do they accept the teach
ings of bacteriology, pathology or hygiene
which are the bases of our public health sys-
tenn. Pharmacology, Surgery, clinical diagnosis
and internal medicine they dismiss as childish
myths. Mr.. Baalson must admit these are
formidable barriers to chiropractor participa-
ton in health insurance program.
But Mr.. Baalson's proposal does possess the
virtue of grim warning to those Of us who
prayerfully believe in the need Of social in
Evening star., 1949-01-10
Questions and Answers

reader can get the answer to any question OF
fact BY writing The Evening Star InforTsti9n n
Please inclose three (3) cents for return postase
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-11-15
Beet Assn. Urges
More Production

ADMINISTRATION of the sugar
act of 1948 to encourage the sugar
beet industry to produce the full
amount of the 100000 ton quota
set by the act was urged in a resolu-
ton adopted by the Western Beet
growers Assn. at its annual conven-
ton held in Great Falls Nov. 7.
Though production this year was
up II percent yer last year, as
ISOLATION officers pointed out that
it was still under the quota, being
only $780, 900 tons.
Walter Ross, Fisher, Mimi, was
reelected president of the ~associa-
ton. Other officers reelected are
E. j. Potter, Triumph, MINI, vice
president; E. w. Rising, Washing
ton, D. c., executive vice president,
and Fred Sanborn, Great Falls, Sec
retary-treasurer.
o. M. Johnson, Chinook, was
elected director for Montana; Charles
Brandt, Armenia, N. D., for North
Dakota; J. A. Weber, Quincy, for
Washington; Ross for Minnesota,
and Potter for Iowa.
Crookston, Mimi, was selected as
the site for the 1850 convention.
Following the one-day convention
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-11-15
Light Stocking Makes
Heavier Calves

LIGHT TO MODERATE stocking
of native range during the sucking
period of beef calves pays off in
heavier calves at weaving time and
this weight advantage is also evil
dent when the animals are as old as
Is months, according to the results
of experiments at the U. S. Range
Livestock Experiment station at
Miles City and just published in
bulletin form by the Montana Agri-
cultural Experiment station.
Copies of the publication, Bulle-
tin 463 weight and Gain of Range
Calves as Affected by Rate of Stock
ing" may be obtained from county
extension agents or by writing direct
to the experiment station at Boze-
man.
These investigations as reported in
the new publication were carried
on comparatively by the Montana
Agricultural Experiment station, Bu-
reau of Animal Industry and For
est service, u. S. Department of
Agriculture.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-11-15
SEEDS AND PLANTS

WE BUY SEEDS-We are constantly in the
market for all grass seed. alfalfa seed and
clover seed. Mail us your samples for quota
tions We buy any cuantity-bag lots or car
lots. We will be glad to send you mailing
envelopes. We are a division of the Russell
Miller Milling Co. Occident Seeds Box $50.
Bismarck. N. D
QUICK FRUIT and nut trees. shade
trees. grape vines. berry plants. everblooming
rose bushes and Towering shrubs at money
saving prices. State and federal inspected
Satisfaction guaranteed Write today for free
colored ~catalog. East's Nursery. Amity. Ar
kansas.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-11-15
AGENTS WANTED

EXTRA MONEY for agents, route men and
women. Make quick extra cash handling our
attractive line of everyday cards, books. gifts,
stationery, wrappings. Large selection nation
ally known brands. Our 25th year. Send for
free listing of our complete line. Sole Mfg.
Co. 3157 Nicollet Ave, Minneapolis 8, MINI.