davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1949-04-23
Eddie mr..
CIeanhead" Vim
son Inactive For
3 Weeks While
Getting Rest AS
Physical Check-up

New York - Eddie (Mr. Clear
head VinsOn will go on the Gin
active" list for about three weeks
following the completion of this
week of bookings. He will enter
local hospital for az complete
physical checkup and will fol-
low this by brief rest on
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1949-04-23

friends farm in North Carolina.
vinson, one of the hardest
workers in the amusement field,
feels that because of extensive
bookings following the late spring
lull he should take a "breather"
while the taking's good.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1949-04-23
Delegates From
Six States Ask
New Jersey
Governor To
Free Six Negroes

Trenton, N. j. April p
Pouring into New Jerseys capital
from six states, a mass delegation,
lied by the Civil Rights Congress
paraded before the, State House
urging Gov. Alfred E. Driscoll to
TACT to free the six innocent Neg
|roes framed on a murder cha
rye.
While the delegation of more
than 400 people picketed the State
House, a committee of 20 minis
tiers, union, and civic leaders call
ed on theGov. to present 10000
petition signatures urging that he
free the Trenton Six, and remove
the County Prosecutor, Mario
Volpe, from office. They were re-
fused a hearing.
While the group was marching
in front of the State House, Mrs.
Bessie Mitchell, sister of the con-
demned man, and William L. Pat
terson, Gro National Executive
Secretary who is one of the tttor-
neys in the case, met with the
Trenton Six in the death block of
the State Prison. The pickets mo-
bilized at street corners, neigh
borhoods and shop gates to dis
exposing the frame up of Trenton.
tribute more than 10000 leaflets
exposing the frame up to the peo-
pie of Trenton.
Patterson, addressing a mass
meeting at Trenton's War Memo
rial Hall which wound up the
days activity, charged that the
governors refusal to see the gr-
CUP is an expression of sym
pathy for and support of a public
prosecutor who has shown a fla
ggrant Disregard for the rights
of these men in his conduct in
the trial"
At the meeting, the delegates,
who came from Pennsylvania,
Maryland, New York, Connecti-
cut, Massachusetts, and all part of
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1949-04-23

tutions to be awarded new re-
search projects in biology and
medicine, financed by the United
States Atomic Energy Commis-
sion, 1t was announced last Mon
day.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
County Schools To
Open September 5th

White schools of the county
will open Monday, September S,
according to l.. r. Thompson,
county superintendent of educa-
ton. A large number of new
teachers will be starting their
first work in the county. Repair
is being done to several of the
schools, including the addition of
classrooms to Tchula negro
school, and repair work to other
negro schools. Colored schools
will open October II.
School superintendent, as an
nounced by Mr.. Thompson, are:
Goodman, j. G.. Jacob; Pickens,
Malcolm Shackelford, who trans
fers from Madison to replace
Supt. Mellard; Coxburg, c. B.
Neal, replacing G. L. Roberts who
will be superintendent of Kilmich-
ael High school; Ebenezer, Miss
Vertia Porter; West, P A. Akin
son of Webster county, replacing
NJ. T. Smith; Tchula, w. R.. Hud-
dleston; Cruger, H. c. Wallace.
West school will have a faculty
melting on Friday, September 2.
Tchula school will hold a faculty
meeting on Friday, September 2.
with children reporting on the 9Th.
Centerville school has CONSOLE
dated with West. vg4s
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Cotton Picking Season
Beqins In Holmes Co.

August Is was the beginning of
the cotton picking season in
Holmes county, when hands on
the Crawford Logan plantation
near Tchula started work. Ac-
cording to Mr.. Logan, a probable
10 or is bales would be gathered
by the weeks end.
Harold H. Thomas, manager of
the Lexington Employment office
servicing Holmes county, said the
labor supply for this seasons
cotton picking will be plentiful,
but that hauling is not expected
to start before August %. There
are more unemployed negroes this
year than before, it was said.
Earliest cotton in the county
started opening about 10 days ago,
according to reports. County
Agent w. R. Sullivan predicts the
! crop in the Delta area to be about
Is per cent shorter than last
year, and in the hill area about 70
per cent shorter than last year.
r. S. Love of the Horseshoe
Lake Gin company said a bale OF
last years cotton was ginned this
week, in trying out the gin for the
oncoming season.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Total 112 Livebinhs
Recorded For July

A total of 112 live births and
80 deaths were recorded by Hal
A. Gillian, registrar of births and
deaths for Holmes county, during
the month of July. OF the births,
SO were colored and 10 were
white. OF the deaths, Is were
colored and seven were white.
Three still births were report
ed, all colored, and three non-re-
sident births, two white and one
colored. One nonresident death,
eolored, was reported. Twenty
births were in the hospital, 16
white and four colored, of the
total 112 births. One colored
death occurred in the hospital.
One white child died under one
year Of age.
In listing causes Of death, the
report shows: six died of heart
disease, two white and four col
ored; two of cancer, both color
ed; two of pneumonia, both col
ored; three of apoplexy, two
white and one colored; one sui
eide, white; two without services
of physician, colored.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Weekly Cotton
Insect Report

State College, August 18-Bolp
weevil injury continued at a high
level during the past week and
farmers in several sections of Mis-
slssippi were reporting local DAM
age from bollworms, according to-
the State Plant board. Lice were
numerous in some fields but mo-
general ~infestation has occurred,
Reports on the boil weevil have,
been discontinued except from the,
Delta where 1853 fields in Is coun-
ties were all infested with am
average of 81 per cent. On this
date last year only about half the
Delta fields had weevils, with am
average of Is per cent.
Early cotton was opening i'm
nearly all parts of the state and
as far north as Clarksdale the
first bale Of the seacon was GIN
ned last week.e Limited supplies
of 3-5 or 3-5-40 were available i'm
some counties. Clay Lyle, ento-
mologist of the Board, is urging
the use of calcium arsenate to pro-
tect young bolls. Where supplies
of 3-5 r also available he sug-
gests alternating with calcium ar
senate, or ~reserving the 3-5 for al
final application where 2 or more
treatments with calcium arsenate.
are used.
In fields with bollworm injury
and low damage and where the
3-5 mixture is not available, dust
ing with about Is pounds of five
per cent DOT per acre, or 10 to-
IL pounds of 10 per cent DOT is
suggested. Several complaints
have been received of beetles
about three-eights inch long, re-
sembling small June beetles, feed
ing in bolls, but DR.. Lyle states
that these are harmless scavenger
beetles and feed only in bolls al
ready damaged by bollworms or
rot.
Information about cotton insects
and supplies of poison may be Sc
cured from the State Plant Boar
at State college.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Services In AfaIa
For Guy [. Self

Services for Guy Leroy Self, Is,
who was shot and killed while
working at Georgetown, South
Carolina, on August 6, were held
at Q pm, Tuesday, at North Union
church in Attala county. The
Rev. C. E. Burden officiated with
burial in North Union cemetery.
He leaves two sisters, Mrs. Edna
Fullilove of West, and Mrs. Bur-
nell Bingham of Walden; his par
ents, MI. and Mrs. Jack Self of
Sunflower; four other sisters,
Miss Annie Jean Self, Mrs. Carrie
Easter Miller, and Mrs. Evelyn
Bullock, all of Sunflower; and
Mrs. Pearl Mitchell of Memphis.
Also three brothers, Walter j.,
Andrew j., and Harry Self, of
Sunflower.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
D~ixiecots' Music
Is Rotary Feature

Music by '"The Dixiecats," band
composed of Lexington members,
was the program feature at the
Lexington Rotary clubs Tuesday
meeting. Playing were Bobby
herman, David Masur, Jimmy
Phelps, Henry Paris, Ed Tye Neil
son, Dick Temple, Johnny Var
borough, and Eugene Herman.
Mr.. Herman acted as program
chairman in the absence of Pat
M. Barrett. Rotarians making at
tendance we're Mr.. Wilkinson
from Yazoo City, and Henri p.
Watson, Jr., Sunflower; and
Herbert Hobson of Coxburg. Also
present were w. b. Dribben,
guest Of w. E. Thurmond, and
Henry Osborne, guest Of H. H.
Johnson.
Judge ]. p. Coleman will speak
at the meeting August %.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Holmes Goal Reached
In MEG Membership

Holmes county has reached its
goal in the current membership
drive of the Mississippi Economic
Council, according to a release
from state headquarters. Through
Wednesday, a total Of rs member
ships, one over the county's goal,
had been mailed in to headquar-
tiers by county chairman M. A
Scobey.
we wish to thank and compli-
ment Mr.. Scobey and his commit
tee for the good job they have
DONE" Edmund Taylor, Green
vile, president Of the Council,
said. AT the same time, we well
come the membership into the
work of the Council and trust the
Council will be Of real service to
them. We want the advice and
assistance of the members. They
represent the type of leadership
the council has over the entire
state
The present Holmes member
ship is as follows: J. c. Allen, G.
w. Grow, E. L. Hines, j. p. Love,
D. w. Nixon, Geo/ge Samaha, G.
p Sharpe. H. c. Waterer, all of
Tchu1a; M. B. Brown, w. r. Ellis,
Jr., E. w. Hooker, T. A. Lail, D.
C. Lundy, George S. Patterson,
W. A. Ramsey, M. A. Scobey, John
Tingle, Norman Weathersby. ].
r. Williams, all of Lexington; S.
F. Buchanan, ]. T. Thomas of
Cruger; L. E. Crawford, j. E.
Maxwell, H. S. McKie, John M.
Marlborough of Pickens; and c.
D. Maddox Of West.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Second Polio Case
Reported This Week

The second polio victim for
Holmes county for this year has
been reported by the Health de-
partment. Marjorie Dean Ray,
Is, of Ebenezer, was admitted to
Vicksburg hospital August 4, with
diagnosis of polio.
The girl was taken i'll in jack
son where she had been visiting
for several weeks.
The first case of polio reported
in the county was that of a negro
child, Marie Anderson, of the Mt
Olive community, who vas refer.
red to the Vicksburg hospital or
July /.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Mrs. Mary Cotton
Buried Al Goodman

Funeral services for Mrs. Mary
S. Cotton, 70, of Louise, mother OF
J. S. Hughes of Tchula, and T. F.
Hughes, Eden, who died August
l6 at the home of her daughter,
Mrs. S. c. Carpenter in Louise,
were held Wednesday at 1890 a.
m at Strickland-King Funeral
chapel, Yazoo City, with burial IN
Goodman cemetery.
Other surviving relatives are;
two other sons, j. w. Hughes OF
Bentonia, and S. f. Hughes, OF
Berkeley, California, and one other
daughter, Mrs. j. N. Jones, OF
Louise; also two brothers, G. p,
Hays, Canton, and Edward Hays,
Jackson.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Funeral Rites Held
For Stewart Terry
Lexington Former
Was Ill Eight Months.
Died At Hospital

Funeral services for Earl Stew
art Terry, Al, Lexington RID A
farmer, who died at Community
hospital, Lexington, at $50 am,
August Is, were conducted at
Harland's Creek church Tuesday
at 3 pm, with the Rev. c. M. Day
In charge. Burial was in Har-
lands Creek cemetery.
Mr.. Terry had been i'll for
about eight months. Born Janu-
airy IS, 1908 in Holmes county, he
was married August %. 1881, at
Yazoo City. He was engaged in
farming all his life.
He was a member of Harlands
Creek Baptist church, and was an
ordained deacon.
He leaves his wife, Mrs. Annie
Siddon Terry; his mother, Mrs.
Leila Stewart Terry; one son,
Paul Stewart Terry, and a daugh-
ter, Rita Ann Terry, all of RID
4, Lexington; a brother, Albert
Phillips Terry, Clarksdale; and
one sister, Marguerite Terry
Adams, Greenwood.
Southern Funeral home was in
charge of arrangements.
Pallbearers were Aubrey Pierce,
Alfred Hearn, Oscar Rogers, G. L.
Roberts, Otto Wallis, Tucker
Pierce, Willie Hocutt, and Larris
Terrell.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
|Landrum Services
Held Al Goodman

Funeral services for Miss Ger
trude Effie Landrum, 81, Good
man, who died at Baptist hos
pital, Jackson, on August Is, were
held at the Landrum home in
Goodman at $50 am, Tuesday.
The Rev. Perry Perkins officiat-
ed, with burial in Hillcrest ceme-
terry, Goodman.
She was a member Of the Bap-
fist church. She leaves one bro
Their, irving Landrum; one sis
ter, Miss Leila Landrum, both of
Goodman, with whom she lived;
also a nephew. Roy Landrum, OF
Long Beach, California.
Southern Funeral home was in
charge of arrangements.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Lexington Students
Among Ole Miss Grads

University, Miss, August Is -
The l949 summer session gradu-
ating class at the University of
Mississippi numbers 339 candi-
dates for degrees, DR.. A. ]. Law
renee, registrar, announced today.
Largest group Of degree appli-
cants since the first Ole Miss sum-
mer courses were offered in 1893,
the list includes two Lexington
students: Earle M. Alexander,
Jr., B.A.; and Miss Myrtis Irene
|Siddon, MA. in education.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Poultry Specialist
Advises LADA To
Produce Poultry
Stute Demand For
Poultry And Eggs
Greater Than Supply

T. j. Ousley, poultry specialist
Swift and Company, West Point,
spoke on "Broilers and Laying
Flocks" to a group of interested
farmers and Lexington Agricul-
tural Development Association
members at a meeting at City
hall Tuesday night. Producer
Wilson and four co-workers OF
West Point were also present al
the meeting.
Mr.. Ousley said the Swith and
company processing plant I'm
Jackson is processing $4,000
chickens a day and the demand
at present is greater than the
supply. Sixty per cent of the
eggs used in table consumption
In Mississippi are imported, and
over so per cent Of the broilers are
also imported, he said.
Mr.. Holditch said a plan was
outlined whereby anyone interest
ed in producing broiler or hatch
ing eggs might secure partial fl
nancing Cup to $4,000 by the
feed and chicken company, if the
would-be chicken producer would
himself provide the housing.
This could be done for ar esti-
mated $1,000, Mr.. Holditch said
He advised farmers interested tu
contact him.
Detectives Set
This program is in line with OBJ
~jectives Of the LADA which have
been set as follows:
Plan . more stable farm ec-
onomy.
Plan farm operations to get ana
income from at least four differ
ent sources, two of which should.
be from livestock.
Plan for an income the year.
round instead of one crop
Good pastures are essential for.
any livestock program. Dairy
cows are more profitable thar
growing beef on small farms, Mr..
Holditch said.
These are al working zDAis Tor
which the Lexington Agriculture
Development association Isl
striving to attain. Since its for
nation on April l, the LADA
under Mr. Holditch has given in
valuable service to farmers OF
Holmes county through contact
with them in community work.
But the LADA's goals are more
far-reaching than covered by
helping the farmer. They were
formulated to better the economy
OF the entire Lexington trade
area, though the organizations
working policies hinge on the
premise that the backbone of the
Continued On Page Four)
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
REVIVAL

Revival services will begin as
scheduled at Liberty Chapel Sun
day, August 81, at II am. There
will be services only in the even
ing beginning at 7:45. The pastor
will be in charge.
The Rev. Wilson Ray, brother
of the pastor, will be the speak
er for the services at Coxburg
which will begin August %, with
two services daily.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Last Rites Held
For ]. w. Anderson
Died Eorfy Monday
Of Bruin Hemorrhuge

Last rites were held for John
Warren Anderson, AZ, son of Mrs
Mamie Smith Anderson and the
late John Anderson of Jackson.
who died August Is at 2 am. OF
a cerebral h~emorrhage.. He had
been lid for four hours. He was
born and reared in Pitkens and
was from a prominent Holmes
county family.
MI Anderson worked for
many years as a pharmacist for
Walthall Drug store in Jackson,
later retiring. He had been en-
gagged in cattle raising for sew
eral years at the time of his
death.
He was a Mason and a member
of Pickens Methodist church.
He leaves his wife, Mrs. Lily
May Nichols, formerly of Cam
den, and his mother, Mrs. Ander-
son.
Funeral services were held at
5 pm. Tuesday at Maxwell and
Owen Funeral home, Pickens,
with the Rev. DR.. L. B. Golden, as
sisted by the Rev. G. W. Curtiss
in charge.
Burial was in Pickens cemetery,
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
ATTEND

Mrs. Hal A. Gillian and Mrs.
Johnnie bridge attended a work
shop Thursday, at the Robert E.
Lee hotel, Jackson, on the future
needs of nursing. The work
shop was sponsored by the Mis-
sissippi State Hospital association.
More than two hundred attended
and thirteen states were repres-
ented.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Lost Rites Held For
Niece Of Lehmuns

Funeral services for Carol Far
irish. 2fs. daughter of Mr.. and Mrs.
John Melvin Parrish Of Green.
wood. and niece of Mr.. and Mrs
T. B. Lehman, who was electro
cuted when she came in contact
with an aerial wire at the home
of her grandparents in Sidon
were held August Is in Green
wood.
Besides her parents, she leave:
a twin sister, Linda Parrish. hel
grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. T. j
Lindsey of Sidon, and Hubert
Parrish, Greenwood.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
Crops Compare
FavorabIy With Other
Areas OF Mississippi
County Agent Reports
High Production Costs
Will Diminish Profits

AS a whole, the crop situation
sn Holmes county "looks very
bad" but compared to other
areas, it is average, or above
average, according to w. r. Sui
Ivan, county agent. The Lower
Delta crop appears "about the
same" as Holmes, while crops in
the Upper Delta are far behind
those in this county, Mr.. Sullivan
said.
An approximate rs per cent of
the cotton crop produced last year
is predicted by the county agent
for this years harvest in the Del
ia section. Coupled with the
dark picture is the estimated so
per cent increase in cost of pro-
duction to this years planters. In
the hill area, not more than 80
per cent of last years cotton har-
vest is expected. and cost of pro-
duction will reach a 70 per cent
increase over that Of last year,
the county agent said.
Crops In Fair Shape
However, except for boil vice.
wills, the cotton crop is in good
shape. The corn crop is fair, ex-
,cept late corn which, replanted,
is suffering an onslaught of bud
worms.
Only salvation for the cotton
farmer in the hill area is a more
diversified farm program, Agent
Sullivan points out. This diversi-
fication should also be true of
the Delta, though the Delta can
come near making a 60 of cot
ton than the hill section, the
county agent said.
Corn Weevils Severe
Corn weevils are severe in old
corn in the field. County Agent
Sullivan advises feeding the corn
Immediately, or treating it i'm
mediately after harvesting to pre-
vent further weevil damage. For
information about treating, or for
working out a diversified farming
program, farmers are invited to
contact the county agent or other
| agriculture workers of the coun-
ty.
Now is the time to prepare for
winter grazing. This program will
pay bigger dividends when graz
ing out 100000 pound calves
starting in November or early De-
cember, selling the calves on the
market in early March. Very lit
tie profit can be made on winter
, grazing with young calves at the
/ side. Results from the grazing
program all over the State in
dictate that grazing 300-400 pound
calves will net from $30-S50 an
acre on good grazing. Winter
grazing should be planted in early
September, Mr.. Sullivan advises.
Prepare Land Well
Land should be prepared we'll,
applying 10000 pounds per acre
of ammonia nitrate, or 60 pounds
per acre of pure liquid nitrogen,
and seeding with four bushels of
a red rustproof oat. The county
agent advises drilling the oats
both ways in order to have a firm
grazing bed. 1t is useless, he said,
to plant oats for grazing unless the
Recommendations for fertilizing
are carried out. This applies to
the Delta and Hill area as well.
Lime at IL tons per acre and 20
per cent phosphate at the rate of
500 pounds per acre, will give ex-
ce1lent results where using the
%nitr0oan
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
TO PLAY GAME HERE

Lexington Independent Base
ball team will play Yazoo City
Sunday at 3 pm. on Beall Ath-
letic field. Last Sundays game
was with Canton, 3D., in favor of
Canton
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18

for needed treatment-that funds
would be provided by the Ma
tional Foundation where needed.
This should be made next Janu-
airy when the annual March of
Dimes is made.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18

The Illinois Central railroad
paid into the treasury of Holmes
county during 1913 $84, 009.42 in
taxes-which is a good reason
for supporting the railroads fight
for your freight business.
In addition the &c paid $501. "a
into the treasury of the city OF
Lexington for the same period.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
SPONSOR DANCE

The American Legion Auxiliary
is sponsoring a square dance at Alb
Taylor Memorial home Tuesday,
August 80, at 8 pm. A small
admission will be charged.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
PROMOTES PROJECT

The Holmes County Chapter,
American Red Cross. is promot-
ing a project supplying the veter-
ans hospital with comfort articles.
Mrs. j. F. Williams. chairman,
volunteer services, has enlisted a
group of the VIEW auxiliary and
the work is underway and near
ing completion.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18

]. B. Robertson is now working
as a reporter for the Valley Morn
Ing Star at Harlinger, Texas.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18
St. Mays
Episcopal Church

The Rev. r. c. Donaldson. Pastor
Sunday. August 81
Church school 10 a. m.
Holy Communion and sermon,
IL a. m.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18

Shown above is corn properly fertlized in contrast to corn not
fortified on the Cleveland Bailey place, Lexington RID. Bailey
is one of Holmes county's many progressive colored farmers who
are taking advantage OF the services offered to all Holmes farmers
by the Lexington Agricultural Development Association.
All Holmes farmers can increase their corn yield and income
by proper fertilization of crops.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18

Mr.. O. A. Fritz is quite ill at
his home.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1949-08-18

The second case of polio has
been recorded in Holmes county,
a 15-year old white Ebenezer
girl who had been visiting in
jackson.
One case had previously been
reported here. a l3-year old negro
girl on July 1st in the Mt. Olive
community.
The number of cases continue to
rise in Arkansas and other states.
All we can do is take every pre-
caution possible and pray it will
not strike again here.
In the meantime it is comfort
ing to know the National Founda-
ton of Infantile Paralysis ha.
sent out the statements that nc
person in any state would suffer