davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-06-07
This Changing World
Acheson Likely to Quit Paris Conference
In Few DAYS Unless Russia Shifts Stand

vfshinsky to inform his govern
ment that the Western Allies
would like some cut-and dried an
swer TO the propositions advanced
by the American Secretary OF
State, who was rejecting the
views OF his British and French
colleagues. II within q reasonably
short time. and our Secretary OF
State indicated that this should
not exceed two days. no sign
occurred Of q change in the
Soviet attitude toward the issue
OF O government for Berlin-then
there would be no point in spend
ing further time In pleasant. but
futile, conversation. and Mr.. Ache
son would return to the United
States.
Reports of Police Ferce'
While the Soviet delegation at
Paris was marking time, reports
from Eastern Germany were 70
the effect that the German police
force"--an organization selected
from the ranks Of former SS men
and nationalist German officers
was executing important man
euvers less than 100 miles from
Berlin.
This police force. composed Of
only $4,000 well-trafned and we'll
equipped men, forms the nucleus
of the future German state and
boasts Of another 100000 men in
reserve. Western Germany, where
disarmament has been drastically
carried out. has no German po-
lice organization at all comparable
to that In the East. But when
the foreign ministers wanted ex-
plantations from the Russians
about the purposes and objectives
Of the reported movements Of the
Eastern "Heimwehr." Soviet Of
ficials in Paris described the re-
ports as mere rumors from un-
reliable sources.
This explanation was accepted
at face value. Meanwhile. Mr..
Vishinsky Is being pressed to give
q positive answer, at least inso-
far as the future government OF
Berlin Is concerned. since 1t has
become obvious that there Is not
much basis for continuing talks
on the overall picture of the
political organization OF unified
Reich.
Mr.. Acheson's early return to
Washington depends on Mr.. Vi
shinsky's reply within the next
few DAYS.
Evening star., 1949-06-07
On the Record
Ideas of Progressive and Reactionary'
Vary in Different European Nations

lcorrectiy described exist radicals
call for state control for purposes
of social security. Turkish radicals
call for the lifting Of the dead
hand Of the state" and for more
liberty.
The split began In the monopoly
party itself. Some able individ.
uals. reprimanded In party meet
ings and In parliament for criti.
cizins. were purged. They cot up
other parties. notably the Demo
,cratic Party" founded January Z.
1s4e. II made poor showing In
the fe46 elections largely because
electoral practices gave 1t an un-
fair break.
Yield 10 Pressures
But the Peoples Party itself had
to yield to pressures rejecting
public opinion or become the or.
gan Of an outright police state.
On specific issues-such as press
freedom. direct election Of depu.
ties. and secret ballot--the mo-
nopoly party recognized trends. or
individual members bolted the
party line. The uashackled press
went to town on ineptitudes OF
administration and since is46 the
Democratic Party has been grow
ing rapidly.
Political divisions In Turkey are
not along class lines. The Demo-
cratic Party does not wholly re-.
ject state capitalism and the
Peoples Party declares itself
favorable TO increased private
enterprise. though only outside the
areas already nationalised. The
difference Ii In emphasis and
climate.
Again. the Peoples Party IL
pressed by practical considerations
shortage Of capital and limit 90
the states taxing ability. The.
Democratic Party reflects the dis
content OF villagers against their
living standard: the demands Of
legitimate private entsrprisers for
more security: the freeing Of
prices set 20 protect state enter
prises In industries. IL attracts
youth, peasants. small business
men. inteIlectuAls. women.
Both parties quote the founder
Of modern Turkey--Musfapha
Kemal Ataturk--as their bible.
He Ii Turkeys Warrington,
Lincoln. jefferson. and Hamilton.
and II liberty 10 the futures
watcnword. Il win Be invoked Ia
his name.
1RsIsassd ~ tAs sssi aynaseass. lns,
Evening star., 1949-06-07

cC4kA SOAA&A Co
sional tempers soaring faster than
q let fighter can fly.
The key facts are: /. Mr.. Lewis
Is opposed to any labor legislation
except outright repeal Of the Taft
Hartley Act and reinstatement Of
the Wagner Act. Q. He Is setting
q pattern for the fourth round OF
wage increases that must neces-
sarily be followed or equaled by
CLOS big three. the Steel Work
ers, the Automobile Workers and
the United Electrical Union. With,
coal. these three represent about
3 ,0o0. 900 out of 100000 indus
trial workers. Their contract talks
are under way for the most part
and strike talk Is rampant.
Stand Taken by Lewis.
What O wave Of massive strikes
especially with the great John l.
ut the center. would do to the
Capitol Hill climate on labor leg.
islation 10 obvious. John L, doesn''
care. His story is::7 II -
n you take the Taft-Hartley
Act OF the books you will increase
Senator Tafts chances for. re-
election next year and you wonr
help labor because youn get q
had bfi}h 1sfi& s''i"
One example suffices to show
how MIR. Lewis and the conces-
sions he has been getting in the
social field have put rival labor
leaders on the spot. Philip Muir.
ray Is making his demands for
his steelworkers. Already Mr.
Evening star., 1949-06-07

within three weeks If the discus.
sions were stalemated.
! Mr.. Acheson informed Soviet
Foreign Minister Andrei vishin.
sky last week that he could SET
no reason why the American dele.
CATION should remain in ths
French capital beyond the middle
OF June II no agreement in prin-
ciple then was in sight.
Number Of Secret Talks.
To facilitate matters for Mr.
Vishiflsky, Mr.. Acheson, in agree
ment with his British and French
colleagues, agreed to concentrate
on the question of Berlin itself.
A number Of secret converse
tions were arranged between Mr.
Acheson and Mr.. vishinsky, some
around O well-laden dinner table
These dinners were attended By
only the two secretaries and sis
American and Soviet experts.
In spite OF the good will such
an environment engenders. ne
progress was reported from Paris
Mr.. vishinsky was affable, witty
and pleasant. But his hands ap.
parently were tied by the Polit-
buro In Moscow. because he wa
unable to agree even In principle
about four-power cooperation ir
Berlin. He insisted on return tt
the Potsdam agreement. which ths
Western nations now consider OBJ.
solete and impracticable.
There were no recrimination
and no unpleasantness at thes,
discussions. But nothing tangible
was achieved.
Mr.. Acheson cordially asked Mr.
Evening star., 1949-06-07

IL issued instructions on hcS u
lift q bride across the threshold
The council said The eorreeI
way 10 lift an object IL TO benz
the knees, keep the body upright
take a Arm grip on the object Il
be lifted. and push upward viii
the les muscles. The strain shouls
be on the lifter's less, not al
back. Do not Try 70 lift too much
weight"
How IL Won't werk.
Le, US picture q bride and bride
groom. their hearts beating as one
as they approach their house o.
apartment. And Jet us imasint
their conversation as they neal
the threshold OF the love nest,
Mary: John. my lover. do yo,
have your instructions with 20,
on how TO carry me across tn
threshold?
John: Mary. my sweet OF sweets
I have them here in my hand
and have them down letter
perfect.
Mary: Hov are your les mus
cles. John7
John: In the pink, love Of loves
Are you ready for me 70 take
/ Arm grip on the object 70 b
lifted?
/ Mary: Yea dream OF my heart
but for goodness sake don't oreal
any Of the rules. and thus get or
home life of TO a bad start In IN,
Evening star., 1949-06-07

site Is true of Defsths 1n'"'''"'
Turkey. Since the 1923 revolu-
ton, Turkey has had state capital
ism and state planning, which
though never total, as In Russia
covers all large-scale enterprises,
such as mining, heavy industry
defense works, public utilities
transport and communications.
The Turkish Constitution de-
clares the Turkish state to be
"Etatisme"- description Of the
end sought by modern socialists.
There Il nothing. however. In the
Turkish Constitution that estab-
fishes q political monopoly over
u,ch concentrated economic power
Practical Ecenezay.
Pressing practical reasons rather
than ideoiogy originally Influenced
the establishment Of q state-oper-
ated economy. Following defeat
In World War I (Turkey then was
\ German ally). the dissolution
Of the Turkish Empire. and the
driving out Of the national minori-
ties ton the pattern practiced In
Eastern Europe after World War
lu), Turkey found herself without
either capital or trained sktlls--
Greeks and Armenians had con-
Quoted most OF Turkish business.
Therefore the taxpayers had TO
furnish capital and bureaucrass
| the skiIls, these being the essence
| of state capitalism.
But, a. all concentration OF
power tend toward monopoly and
all monopoly toward intrench-
ment, Turkey became . single
party stats fPeople1 Party, ua-
der largely personal rule which
tolerated no opposition tn press or
political life.
The radical elements in Tur-
key, therefore. nobilised against
this concentration Of power. de-
manding freedom OF the press and
of criticism: freedom % organize
Opposing. parties: greater freedom
Of private enterprise. Whereas tn
capitalist" countries tif any thui
Evening star., 1949-06-07
On the Other Hand
Fifty Years Ago You Could Not Find
A Communist on the First Page

page. Not one mentloneo COM
munisml
Russia, however. got into the
news with this headline: "Czar
Angry with the Pope-Probable
that Russia will not be Repre-
sented at the Vatican" The item,
q dispatch from st. Petersburg
by way of London. revealed that
the Pope also was angry. It all
came out when the Russian Min
ister ID the Holy See demanded
to know why he had ben refused
an audience with His Holiness
"The Papal Secretary of State.
said the dispatch, Informed him
that as the Gear ignored the
PpnttnY SOVEREIGN rights by. omit
tfnRsto ask him 10 send delegates
to the disarmament conference,
His Holiness did not feel called
upon to receive His Majesty's re-
preventative"
Dispatch From the Hague.
Over on page 8 there was some
more about the disarmament
conference" which actually seems
to have been the parley that pro-
duced The Hague Tribunal for
international Arbitration. But
here again. nothing about COM
munism. 1t was o dispatch from
The Hague under . headline read
ing, "He Screams Peace" The
correspondent warned that "the
premature rejoicings in which the
more sanguine sealots are now
indulging are unjustified lby the
facts" but said, That irrepres-
sible enthusiast, Editor William T.
Stead, continues to rush about
the streets Of The Hague, scream.
Ing peace" The conference itself
was referred to as "the Cars
peace conclave."
The good old. days. Nothing
worse to worry you than the Pope
and the Car snubbing one an
other and an editor screaming
peace. You were free to concen.
trate on the coming high school
commencement and the problem
of raising the money to hire q
hack In which to take your best
girl.
Not like that now. Now we're
grown ups in q grown-up country.
matured by two world wars and
scientific discoveries.
We are proud citizens Of the most
powerful nation in history.
But we don't sleep well. Not
with our statesmen rushing about
the streets. screaming communism.
Evening star., 1949-06-07

munism. The Hiss Chambers
case, the trial of the party lead
ers, the Hickenlooping in Wash
ington. the Big -Four parley in
Paris, the strike In Berlin and
so on.
On that same day there came
to me a copy of the 50th ami
versary edition Of the Muncie
(Indiana) Star, the paper on
which I started my newspaper
career, Just that long aso-as q
carrier boy. The anniversary edi-
ton included . reprint Of the
very flrst issue-vol. /. No. !. May
40. 1899.
Peaceful Pasture!
BY contrast with today, what
a peaceful pasture the first page
of that paper presented! True,
eight people had been killed In a
wreck in Iowa and seven in a
cyclone in South Dakota. Nine
Spaniards had been killed by In
surrectos In the Philippines and
Aguinaldo was reported dead by
assassination or suicide. A boy
had shot q robber in Allentown.
Pa, O farmer had shot a mer-
chant In Joplin. Mo-. and two chill
dren had shot their father in
Rapid City. Somebody had set fire
to Friends popular haberdashery
on Adams street. A Jail delivery
had been frustrated in Marion.
A strike In the Flint glass factory
seemed unlikely.
The Star liked Its stories short
and there were 80 on that first
Evening star., 1949-06-07

a S&ss~ sse&8ssa Ga. ENseaa as w~zsa
aArx - sAKS ssis ssoss raaa ans
tss assSrss sssg s%z nsass Ass
segrka tsas gAsvsssssG Taaa
wgvaasr ~ s~@v sIseSaasss. 10 sAs
10 aeAN
wesaaes tsS9 ssAsy aeSsskF~exnss
a. sasbew sssras aasaESsessaEaaf
Evening star., 1949-06-07

10 Gays. ana the
8 m art o n e 8
know it.
Senate debate
opens as Mr..
Lewis resumes
his deliberately
nc on C lu sive
talks W ! t h
Southern coal
operators. Mr..
Lewis industry
Is vital to the
public interest
and Mr.. Lewis
personally can
Evening star., 1949-06-07

70 wear cc.sm.
how 70 6snc.
the ars; symp-
toms OF Mri-
hri. and how
TO dress II
otng on 4
saeatio to
Siro IN b o | /
In late August
The acme IN
advice however .
came from the
Greater Ne "
york Safety
Council q few
1awa a~ Unap
Evening star., 1949-06-07

At the Lon
don conference
Gen. Marshall
told the Rus
sian foreig
minister-v. NJ.
NJ o ! o t VII e
W o uld remain
at the Big Four
meeting as long
as there was
some chance of
u n derstandine.
II o W e er. he
said, he would
leave the Brit
'tmA --&Af
Evening star., 1949-06-07

worrying about
G o m m u n lists.
They do now.
If the New York
Times is any
judge of alh the
news that's fit
to print.
~ The first page
of that eminent
journal q few
days a Q o con-
tanned IL news
stories. Nine of
he IL related
directly to the
Evening star., 1949-06-07
Bv Lowell MeUeff

Maybe there really is something
to be said for the Good Old Days.
Fifty years ago the American
people didn't lie awake at night,
Evening star., 1949-06-07

perNnce OF the
people with one
form Of state or
an o other. In
England "pro-
gressiye" forces
are mobilized
behind social
ism. and the
latest plans Of
the Labor gov.
ernment In J..
de exten.
sions Of nation
alixation. Ex.
actly the oppo.
Evening star., 1949-06-07
By Consfanfine Bro,rn

Secretary Of State Acheson Is
reported from Paris TO have taken
the same position as Gen. Mar
shall did In the fall OF ls47.
Evening star., 1949-06-07
By Dorothy THOMPSON

ISTANBUL. Turkey '(By Air.
mail, Delayed Everywhere con-
cepts Of progressive ana "reac.
tionary" vary according to the ex-
Evening star., 1949-06-07
By Doris FIeesoa

What Senators say will have less
effect on the Taft-Hartley re-
pealer than what labor-especially
John L. Lewis-does In the next
Evening star., 1949-06-07
BY Harry Homo" McLemore-
Sees Motion GETTING
Too sfficient
By HssrY .HrLewevs

This country ss too e@seieri arse
there Is nc setting around IL
We are told when 70 eat Apples
wren 70 be kind 70 animals, xsseE
Evening star., 1949-06-07
5-YEAR WARRANTY!

coors nights regardless OF outside temper
atue DEDHTES wrtngng oppressive moisture out OF the air eav
inc cool PULLS In FRESH OUTSIDE AIR
pures CTRcUATES AIR gently with
creating drafts RELIEVES HAY FEVER altering out irritating
eent Phlco Engesoo
Arconditioners at your Pnico dealer today
Evening star., 1949-12-04

cl e a r ly under
stood by a n y
housewife W h o
shops for food
AS for signs Of
public opinion.
the com p a n y
pointed to a Gal
lup poll survey
indicating two
to-one sympathy
for A. & p.
II hope the
Gallup poll is
better in the food
business tn a n
they were in the
political b uSi =
n e S S." Attorney
General McGrath
retorted.
AS for picking
out or picking
on-the A. & p.
the Attor n e y
General insists
that ar g e S
a & a inst tn a t
rovonorv dayo1.
Evening star., 1949-12-04

oped from numerous complaints
sent in years ago by other mer-
chants as we'll as individual citi-
zens. Mr.. McGrath regrets the
civil suit was not filed simultane-
ously with the first criminal in
dictment in 1912. In any event
the civil suit is fully as necessary
as anything that has gone before
he contends.
That suit, instituted in Federal
Court in New York City last Sep
tember, is to correct the cor
porate conduct" Of A. & P. It
asks that the parent company In
New York and its subsidiaries be
restrained, under threat Of con-
tempt of court, from ever doing
again the things it was found
guilty Of having done.
It asks that the seven retail
store divisions be broken up into
seven independently owned and
operated retail food chains.
It proposes that the food manu-
featuring and processing activities
of the company be divorced from
the buying and selling business
It also seeks dissolution Of the
Atlantic, Commission Co, A. q P.'s
wholesale purchasing and sales
agent I'll TIE produce market.
Expect Trial by Spring
Boycotts, blacklisting. preferen-
tial rebates. planned price wars
and below-cost selling in certain
areas to wipe out competition are
some of the vicious practices and
restraints" that the Justice De-
partment ascribes to A. & P.
1t is the abuse OF power and the
misuse of size that should be
stopped by the court in the civil
case, just as those alleged prac-
tices OF the company were judi
cially determined to violate the
laws against monopoly and re-
straint of competition, the depart
ment declares.
Successful prosecution Of the
pending civil suit MIR. McGrath
predicts, will not increase but
should decrease grocery prices. It
will reduce prices in those A. & P,
stores which now maintain a suf-
ficient profit to pay for the losses
sustained in planned price wars by
other A. & P. stores. It will de-
crease the cost of food to A. & P.
competitors who were forced to
pay higher prices to producers
and suppliers to finance A. g. P.
"This suit does not seek the
closing of a single A. g. P. store. If
any stores are closed by the A. g. P
Co. it will be a lockout against
the public interest. The A. & p
case is part of a planned anti
trust program to attack restraints
of trade that may ultimately lead
to monopoly power. We did not
invite this contest but we will
not shrink from it. It is our duty
to enforce the law
The court some time ago set
December 8 as the deadline for
the company to file formal answer
to the complaint. A further ex-
tension seems likely because the
New York law firm Of Cahill,
Gordon, zachry & Reindyl. re-
Gently retained by the company
may request additional time.
The Justice Department is all
set to try the case. Court officials
expect the trial will start in the
spring.
The course Of the criminal anti
trust trial indicates the overall
Evening star., 1949-12-04
Uncle Sam A.&P. and John Q. Pub bile
Issues Are More Mixed
Than the Items of
Supermarket

The trial got under way April
16, 1945, before Judge Walter c.
Lindley, sitting without a jury. 1t
lasted % weeks, ran up a written
record of 10000 pages, included
S, 200 exhibits, and heard 200 wit
nesses. In September. 1916. Judge
Lindley found all except three OF
the defendants guilty. He subse-
quently levied fines totaling $175,-
900. The cost Of that trial for
both sides has been estimated un-
officially at 100000.
The Court of Appeals at Chi
cago, in q 6,000-word opinion
written by Judge Sherman Min
ton, last February unanimously
upheld Judge Lindley. The per-
sonal and corporate defendants,
including Carl Byoir. head of a
special public relations concern
for A. & p, paid the fines ranging
from $4,000 to $4,000.
The defendants did not ask the
Supreme Court to review the case.
Justice Minton now Is on the
Supreme Court bench. Judge
Lindley, a Republican, with Is
years service as Federal judge,
was promoted by President Tru-
man to the appellate court.
Why didn't the company appeal
to the Supreme Court? Mr.. Nc
Grath and Mr.. Bergson regard
that question as very signifi-
can't" The company gives this
answer:
Complaints Listed
Neither the decision of the
district court nor the appellate
court answered the simple ques-
ton asked by A. & P. through
out the litigation-Can the saw
ngs brought about by shortening
the route between producers and
consumers be legally passed along
in the future to American food
consumers? There was no point
in carrying the case any further"
Justice Department officials dis
closed that in recent months the
company representatives con-
ferred with them on the posi-
bility of accepting a civil suit
judgment on the basis Of a few
specifically defined matters to be
enjoined. A company official said
those exploratory conferences
broke down because OF the de-
partment's "all-or-nothing" at
titude and a demand for "dissolu-
ton" of A. & P.
Here are some of the complaints
on which the company was con-
victed and which the Justice De-
partment says it is determined
should not be allowed to 60 on:
Threatening to manufacture
some foods unless the manufac-
turer sold to A. & p. at a lower
price than to A. & p. competitors
Forcing suppliers to maintain Sc
Evening star., 1949-12-04

time of thousands of young men
who might otherwise be employed.
The administration of the peace
time draft act Of 1948 should set
at rest fears that the Army and
the other services are seeking to
take thousands Of young men
into the armed forces whether
they wish to serve or not. 1t has
given ample proof that it does not
intend to abuse such law. In
deed, it has made every effort to
build an all-volunteer Army.
When the law was passed. the
military authorities promised to
make every effort to increase
volunteer enlistments. What hap
pened was that many young men
of draft age preferred to enlist
rather than wait and be drafted
and many of them would not
have volunteered, presumably. had
the draft act not been in exist
ence-and the country would have
been short of men to fill to full
strength the Army which Con-
gress had deemed necessary for
national defense.
The Army. with its larger re-
quirements for man power. alone
of the services used the draft.
The Navy, the Marine Corps
which is mart of the naval forces
and the Air Force obtained
enough men through voluntary
enlistment. But even the Army
found it possible to forgo further
inductions under the draft act
after four months of the laws
operation. Enlistments had sky
rocketed. No more men were
called up after last February. but
the draft law remained as a re-
minder to young men that they
Evening star., 1949-12-04

course likely to
be followed by
both sides in the
civil case.
T he Govern
ment's. task, ac-
cording to Mr..
Bergson. should
be considerably
easier. The New
York Great At
lantic g. Pacific
Tea Co.. Inc. the
parent company,
and nine subsid-
iary companies
are defendants In
the current pro-
ceeding. They
are charged with
substantially the
same ofenses as
were listed in the
criminal indict-
ment. The judg-
ment Of tn e
courts in the
crimin al case
will be put in as