davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Irua and Eastern Jewry

Israeli charges of persecution by the
Iraqi government directed against the
Jewish element in that country draw at
tention to the status of Jews not only
in 1raq, but in other parts of the Moslem
world. The numbers and Importance of
this eastern branch of Jewry are not gen.
orally appreciated in the West. And the
relations between these Jews and the
Moslem majority have not constituted
real problem until the recent tension be-
tween the new state of Israel and the
Arab countries.
These eastern Jews have. been settled
in their present abodes since ancient
times. In 1raq especially, formerly known
as Mesopotamia there has been a large
Jewish element ever since the sixth GEN.
tury, BE-, when Nebuchadnezzar trans
planted the entire population of Judea to
Babylon after his capture and destruction
of Jerusalem Half century later, Babylon
was taken by Cyrus the Persian, who al
lowed a return of the Jewish captives to
their homeland. However, only minority
followed Ezra and Nehemiah. The majority
remained under the tolerant Persians.
When Jerusalem was destroyed by the
Romans in 10 AID, the Mesopotamian
Jews, beyond the Roman borders, became
the center of Jewry and prospered until
the Mohammedan conquest of the entire
Middle East. Under Islam, the Jews suf-
fered certain disabilities, but were not
subjected to the prosecutions they under
went in the medieval Christian world.
In Moslem Spain, especially, the Jews pros
pered, and their descendants are today
numerous in Morocco and other parts OF
North Africa The total number of Jews
there and In the Arab lands of the Middle
East is at least 100000, of whom about
100000 inhabit Iraq.
Israeli sources intimate that the current
pressure against the Jews of Iraq is mott
waited by a desire to exchange them for
an equal number of Arab refugees from
Palestine. The presence of these destitute
refugees, totalling more than 100000, in
the Arab countries around Palestine has
inflamed Arab public opinion and has
added to the resentment arising from the
recent hostilities between the Arab states
and Israel. So drastic an arrangement has
been deprecated by Israeli spokesmen, who
have no wish to see these ancient and gen.
orally well-to-do Jewish communities up
rooted and added to the already heavy
burden of re-settling Jews from Europe in
the small state Of Israel. For it is ap-
pretended that an exchange of population
with Iraq could be the precursor of similar
exchanges with other Arab countries. Yet
the possibility is envisioned in a statement
by Eliahu Elath, Israeli Ambassador to the
United States who says that the Jews of
Iraq, like the Jews of Germany, will even
tually have to be taken into Israel as yet
another section of our people threatened
with genocide and suffering"
Evening star., 1949-10-28
New Experiments Show
Mature More Efficient
Research Now Aims to Duplicate
Process of Photosynthesis
By Thomas X. Henry


Nature is almost threefold more efficient
than hitherto has been supposed.
This, at least, is the challenge of DR.. Dean
Burk of the United States Public Health
Service and group of associates from tho
Agriculture Department and the Marine
Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass.
Their discoveries, just reported in Science.
official organ of the American Association
for the Advancement Of Science are in the
field of photosynthesis, the basic process Of
all life on earth. 1t is the process by which
sugars and starches are synthesized out Of
carbon and hydrogen in green leaves by the
action of sunlight. Possible duplication Of
this process in the laboratory, thus essen
TALLY freeing man from dependence on the
living world for food, is one Of the major
objectives of present research with radio
active atoms.
A plant "breathes" the rare gas, carbon
dioxide, from the air. of which it constitutes
less than thousandth part, and absorbs
water from the soil through its roots. The
carbon is extracted from the gas and tho
hydrogen from the water and is combined
to form bohydrates-sugars and starches.
This requires energy which is supplied by
sunshine. The process can go on, however.
only in the presence Of catalyst which
absorbs the suns rays. This is chlorophyll.
the green-coloring matter in foliage.
Careful measurements in the past have
indicated that for the production of one
molecule of carbohydrate 10 "quanta" Of
sunlight were required. The quantum Is tho
basic particle Of light. The oxygen in the
water and carbon dioxide is, for the most
part, respired by the plant-precisely the
reverse process to that of animal life where
oxygen is breathed in and carbon dioxide
breathed out
The discovery Of DR.. Burk and his asso.
ciates-among them the German plant phys
lologist, Otto Warburg, perhaps the worlds
leading authority on photosynthesis-is that
only from three to four quanta OF light are
required.
They worked at the Marine Biological
Laboratory with one-celled green water
plants, the chlorella, species Of algae, which
are not far from the bottom Of the scale
OF LIE. They refer to their findings as q
"rediscovery." a previous assumption from
which science has been led astray for the
past decade.
1t involves. they say. a new principle in
nature, found nowhere outside the living
World-which must be cleared up before
progress can be made in duplicating photo.
synthesis IN the laboratory.
For its basic significance the discovery
which had been discussed at scientific
gatherings for some months before its publi.
cation. Is considered one Of the major scien.
tlnc events OF the year. There has been by
no means universal acceptance.
The experiments were carried out with
a broad band Of red light which is by far
the most efficient in the photosvnthetic
process.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
If Any One Goes without Work
He Tor She) Does Not Read The Star
To the Editor of The Star:


Your paper, want to thank. I came here
about six months ago on visit with my
son. who has been here about six years, and
to spend some time in Washington, as I
had never been here had but very few
dollars. But that was OK. as I said to
myself, as I had rather work than loaf
But had no job. So I asked Bill, that
being my sons name, how could I find a
job. He asked, What kind of job do you
want? I said it did not make much differ
ence. just something to pass the time and
so could see about all of Washington.
So he said 60 to the Keystone Drug
Store and get Star paper and you will find
job of any kind you want in it. So did
so. The next day went to work, making
$50 per week, and worked while and got
acquainted with the Southwest of Washing
ton very we'll, and decided I wanted another
Job in another part of the big city.
So got job in the Northwest and gave
the company a weeks notice, and went to
the other job. So, in about six months I
have worked on six jobs and have seen
Washington all over, and found two first
cousins that had not seen since they were
small kids and I did not know where they
had got to. I also found my youngest aunt
that I had not seen in over IL years.
Coming here just on visit. just working
my way through not expecting to stay past
Monday came from work off temporary
job and had phone call waiting me from
one of the largest lumber companies here.
I answered 1t and have accepted job with
them regular and I guess as well as I liked
NC will trade it for DC; and all this is
to thank you, your paper, The Star.
If any one goes without work in DC, it
is because he or she does not read The Star
or they just do not want to work. It was fun
to start with, working on what I called
vacation, but now it is real job and thanks
to your paper, The Star. I came here a
Tarheel from N. c., but I am a Washing
tonian now and your Star did 1t. Thanks!
You may put this in your paper If you
wish, but just abbreviate my name.
j. F. r.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Questions Arising
From Conviction Of Communist Leaders
To thA Editor of The Star.

Questions Arising
From Conviction Of Communist Leaders
TO the Editor Of The Star:
Was the Communist Party on trial in
New York City where those II leaders were
tried and convictede II not, then were
they tried as an individual group for con-
spring the overthrow Of this Government
with force and violence? And If the latter
be true. then why was the word "com-
munism" used in that trial at all? And
now that the leaders Cat least II of them)
have been convicted, do not the prin-
cipals of the party as whole stand con-
victed as a pro-revolutionary group, and II
the latter be true is not every member of
the Communist Party. the crypto-Com-
munists and fellow-travelers likewise guilty?
Yes we know these all are points at
law, but they are very, very important, in
view of the fact, that this administration is
rather cagey in declaring itself on these
points. . CHAS. H. WAGNER.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE.


@. Which are the two largest State fairs
in the United States?-F. B.
A. The International Association of Fairs
and Expositions says that to the best Of its
knowledge the State Fair of Texas is the
largest fair in the United States, and the
Los Angeles County Fair Is the next largest.
- Q. How much does 1t cost to manufacture
q dollar bill?-P. M
A. The cost is approximately cent bill.
and is about the same for any denomination
from 81 bill to $4,000 bill.
@. Is the rate at which Old Faithful
erupts changing?-T. T.
A. The average interval between erup-
tions-65 minutes, 6 and a fraction seconds
is very nearly the same as the one record
ed by observers in the 1870s when the geyser
was first carefully studied. The eruptions
have never been perfectly regular.
*. McM.
A. Pennsylvania. New York, Connecticut
and Maine have toll roads, extending over
q total distance Of almost 800 miles.
@. Are there any popular weather signs
that may be regarded as infallible?-G. P.
A. There are no weather signs that always
hold true, though some are more reliable
than others. For instance, ring around
the moon often means rain or snow, and
red setting sun usually is an indication that
hot day will follow.
@. How many Presidents of the United
States have been inaugurated in the month
Of January?-J. K.
A. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry s.
Truman are the only Presidents who were
inaugurated in the month of January. The
constitutional amendment providing that
the presidential term should begin on Janu-
ary 20, took effect in 1933 therefore, Presi-
dent Roosevelt's 1887 Inauguration took
place on January 20.
O. How long has 1t been the custom In
business to give summer vacation?-E. E.
A. Regular vacations for business and
working people were unknown before 1850.
and it was not until after the Civil War that
1t became customary to give Office workers
vacations
@. Was there ever. in fighting history, 4
double knockout, and If so, what were the
circumstances surrounding this unusual
event?-R. T.
A. Records Of the Ring, magazine de-
voted to boxing, show double knockouts.
Most Of them were called no-contest by the
referee as neither man was able to continue.
@. Are there any instances of kings or
emperors having abdicated because they
were tired of ruling?-J. E. B.
A. Notable instances were Diocletian. Ro.
man emperor, and Charles v, ruler of the
Holy Roman Empire. Christina, Queen of
Sweden, abdicated because Of distaste for
rule.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Suggests Color Blazing
OF Poles at Circles

Reference is made to the letter Of Octo-
ber 20 from IAN Unhappy Traveller" whose
difficulties in driving through Washington
are not limited alone to a stranger in our
city. Copying the system of green and red
lights used in the subways at Times Square,
New York. would 1t not be helpful to motor
lists in Washington to have the light and
traffic poles on main traffic routes painted in
significant colors, especially at the circles?
Thus contrasting color should enable the
motorist to find his way through a con-
fusing circle and across town.
RESIDENT.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Mr.. McLemore's Reports
OF Travels Abroad Appreciated
rro ~. rd;to. ~ 1,,> e+.r.

To the Editor Of The Star:
There have been two letters in The Star
in the past week tossing brickbatS at Henry
McIemore; and continuance of this sort
OF thing will ruin my evenings, as his column.
the experiences of Templeton Jones and
Pogo PoSSum, and the Bergman cartoons
are the highlights of my daily reading.
feel the writer's Of these letters probably
read only the single report Of England and
Ireland, and missed Mr.. McLemores delight
full reports of his flight to Lisbon, the
warmth and beauty of Madrid, the wealth
and cleanliness Of johannesburg the thrills
OF the African Zoo, the fantastic fun at the
native dance, the baseball game, the dia-
mond mines. the trip up through the Belgian
Congo. the truftles in Southern France the
need for dentist and optometrist in Paris,
the suffering he experienced in his attempt
to be as English as the English by eating
with his utensils in reverse and finally his
flight home, complete with recreation room
downstairs in the plane and his wish for q
front porch with dog asleep under it.
think Mr.. McIemore's reporting is fine,
and sincerely hope he brought few laughs
to some Of the folks abroad-certainly he
does so instinctively, and we all need few
now and then. He stated specifically in his
articles that he had difficulty in his travels
following State Department instructions as
to how an American should behave abroad;
and if on paper he philosophers in favor of
American ways of thinking and acting, T.
for one, am right In there pitching with him.
FRANCES TOWNSEND TRANMELL.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
Uriter, although it is permissible for
q writer kno1Dn to The Star to use
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1949-10-28

spending spree will never end If the people
who compose the electorate DO not support
their Governments efforts to get rid of
waste, whether it be at naval shipyard
in Brooklyn, on the West Coast or right
here in washington.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Thanks From Greek Spokesman
And . Pledge Of Continued cooperation


And Pledge Of Continued Co-operation
To the Editor Of The Star:
Today, October %, marks the ninth ami
versary Of Greece's entry to the second World
War at the side of the Western democracies
This observance comedies with current vic
tories Of Greek armed forces over the Com
munist rebellion of the past five years, in
Spired and armed from abroad. At this
anniversary, the Greek people dare to hope
for the first time that warfare finally Is
ended.
Fully aware Of the great moral force that
helped shape victory over lawlessness and
disorder and appreciative of sympathetic
understandings from the free and civilized
democracies of the world, they now con-
f1dently look to the pursuit of such peace
full occupations as rebuilding their nation
physically and economically.
While continuing constant vigil to safe
guard their borders from such fresh dangers
as may emanate from abroad, the Greek
people now will begin realizing their great
national dream Of fashioning model pro-
gressive democracy among the Red-satellite
countries Of the Middle East and the
Balkans; those dual vital aims now con-
stitute their main concern.
A new generation of Greeks has matured
in the past nine years Of strife and turmoil
a generation thoroughly cognizant of the
vast American aid program which has
made victory possible and peace a reality.
This generation looks for continuing CO.
operation with all the democratic peoples
Of the world but especially to ever-strength-
ening ties of understanding and friendship
with that greatest democracy of all - the
United States.
ANTHONY ANTONAKAKIS.
Acting director. Greek Government Office
of Information.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question
Of fact by writing The Evening Star Informs tion
Bureau. 316 Eye street NE. Washington :, D. c.
Please inclose three l3) cents for return postage
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Correction on Navy Day Letter
In Tribute to Late Comdr. Crommelin
To the Editor Of The Star:


You misprinted my letter in your paper
Thursday. I paid tribute to my friend.
Comdr. Charles Crommelin, U. s. N, who was
killed in action in World War II, and not his
brother. MILDRED ARMSTRONG.
Editors note: The Star regrets that in
some editions yesterday Miss Armstrong;
letter was revised in the mistaken belief that
she had intended to refer to Capt. John c.
Crommelin, U. S. NJ
Evening star., 1949-10-28
C0mmends Magazine Article
On Birds, Including Starlings

To the Editor Of The Star:
Was so glad to read House Guests" by
Carol M. Marshall in This Week Magazine
for October %.
Perhaps it will wake up some Of these
Washington "starling killer" advocates to
the fact that starlings have many desirable
qualities.
GLADYS THOMPSON GUERARD.
Falls Church, Va.
Evening star., 1949-10-28
Kipling's Plea Remembered
In Relation to u. N. Ceremonies
To the Editor of The Star:

TO tne Edltoz OF the Star:
The material cornerstone of the United
Nations future home now has been laid
At the completion Of the ceremonies, many a
thinking historian must have recalled the
sentiment expressed in Rudyard Kipling's
"Recessional":
For valiant dust that builds on dust,
And guarding calls not thee to guard
Thy mercy on thy people. Lord!'
VIRGINIA LAKE
Evening star., 1949-10-28

@. Which are the two largest State fairs
in the United States?-F. B.
A. The International Association Of Fairs
and Expositions says that to the best Of its
knowledge the State Fair of Texas is the
largest fair in the United States and the
Los Angeles County Fair Is the next largest.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
Kontrola cirkve " CSR vesla
" platnost.

Praha. - P~ocfnaje 1. listo-
padem komunisticka vlada v
Ceskoslovensku pTevzala kon-
Itrolu Tfmsko-katolicke cfrkve
pres obzaloby Vatikanu, re no
We zakony O kontrolovani cir
kevnfch zalezitostf jsou ne1-
stavnf.
Asi 1000 clend katolickeho
kleru Sc takto stale statn1mi
sluzebniky a vlada prevzala
dohled mad c1rkevn1mi vecmi.
Get Klementa Gottwalda A
|lexej Cepicka stall Sc vrchn1m
.dozorcem mad c1rkevn1mi yale
zitostmi. Vatikansky rozhlas
vys1lany v ceskem jazyku Sc
dozadoval toho, ably move "a
kony byly podrobeny revisi, a.
by z~arucovaly c1rkvi samospra-
WI We vnitfnfch vecech. Move
zakony o kontrole cirkve ne
;sou nicim jinym nez politickvm
vmesovanim Sc do v~nitrnich
cirkevnich zalezitosti.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
csl. skoly zacinaji ucit
z novych ucebnic.

Praha. = Do skol V Cesko-
slovensku pTichazejf do obehu
move revidovane skolni ucebni-
&c, jejichz pr1prava trvala de-
'e nez rok. Move ucebnice Sic
duj1 dGsledne komunistickou
linii V ohledu socialnim, histo-
rickem i v6deckem.
Stain, Lenin a Gottwald jsou
v ucebnic1ch pfedstavovani ia
ko hrdinove a jsou kladeny ia
ko vzor mladezi V Ceskosloven-
sku. V ucebniclch je Sovetsky
svaz l1cen jake vrchol vsech
ctpost1 a dokonalost1. Ucast "a
padnfch armad ma osvobozen1
Ceskoslovenska jest uplne opo-
menuta. V novych ucebnicfch
Sc obslrne l1cl rGzna fla csl.
narodn1m zivot6 pred n~astole-
MIN komunistickeho rezimu.
Move ucebnice sc zavadeji
do skol prozatim postupne,
protoze, jak vlada uvadf, je do
sud nedostatek papfru. Move
cftanky pro zaky tretf trfdy O.
becn1ch skol obsahuji basne
ceskych, ruskych, polskych au-
tori a vsechny isou vybfrany S
heldiska dnesn1ch politickych
t. j. komunistickych smernic.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
|Csl. teniste " exilu ma zajezdy

~SAe =
New York. = Ceskoslovenst1
|tenniste Jaroslav Drobny a
Vladimir Cernfk odjeli minuly
patek po dvoumes1cnfm poby-
tn re Spojenych Statd. Drobny
Ijede nejprve do svedska, kde
Sc z1castni turnaje O zlaty po-
har krale Gustava. Pan Drob-
ny odjede pres Londyn do Au-
stralie, kde Sc z1castn1 austral-
skych tennisovych mistrovstv1.
|Odtud pax odjede do Egypta
ma m1stn1 tenisova mistrovstvl
q ma jafe Sc vratf zpet do SpoJ.
|StatG.
Vladimir Cernik odj1zdf pr1-
mo do JIM Ameriky, kde bu-
de nejprve hrat v Argentine ma
tenisovych mistrov-
7tv1ch, ktera Sc budou konati v
po'ovine listopadu. z Argen-
tiny Sc Cern1k odebefe do Bra
zilie, kde tez Sc dcastnf brasil
|skych tenisovych mistrovstv1.
|Cernfk byl take pozvan ma e.
gyptske mistrovstv1.
Drobny a Cern1k pocitaj1, re
Sc ma jare vrat1 do Spoj. Statu.
|Oba ceskoslovensti teniste Sc
re sveho dvoumesicniho poby-
tn We Spoi. Statech zucastnili
ctyT tenisovych turnajG z nich2
nejdGlezitejs1 bylo americke
mistrovstv1 We Forest Hills.
Nejlepe Sc vSak oba ceskoslo-
venSt1 teniste umistili ma turna-
itch v Zarkeley We statu Kali
|fornie, a pax ma mexickych mi
strovstv1ch.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
Truman hlasi rozpoctovy scho
dek $40 bilionu.

Washington, D. C. - Presi-
dent Truman predpovedel, Re
vladn1 vydan1 "a benny rozpo-
ctovy rok, konc1c1 80. cervna
budou obnaset S43, 500, OOO,-
900, coz Dude nit "a nasledek
pokladni schodek We vysi S5,-
500, 600, 900.
Jak president We SVEN roz-
poctovem prehledu uvad1, stou-
pnou vydanf o $1,000, 600
vice, nez bylo ocekavano, "a to
vsak klesnou pTfimy O $780,
100000 pod ocekavany obnos.
!. We sve p6vodn1 rozpoctove
zprave predvfdal pan Truman
rozpoctovy schodek We vysi
5000, 900, 900.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
Novy americky velvyslanec
" Praze.

Praha. = Ellis O. Briggs pri-
iel do Prahy, ably Sc ujal sveho
noveho 1Tadu americkeho vel
vyslanectv1 Ceskoslovensku
Toto misto prevail pc velvy-
slanci Jos. E. Jacobsovi, ktery
Prahu opustil pred mes1cem
Velvyslanec Briggs prijel dc
Drahy z Londyna, kde sc jake
pozorovatel z1castnil konfe-
renee americkych v~elyvslanc6
re zem1 "a zeleznou oponou.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
100000 uprchlikI " USA.

New York. - Dc New Yor-
ku prijel ma armadnf lodi Gee
neral Howe" sto tis1ci evrop-
sky bezdomovec, estonsky re
medelec S tficlennou rodinou,
Mezi cestuiiclmi bylo 800 deti
do 16 let, a take jeden 70lety
muz, ktereho uv1tal jeho anne
rickV bratr - oba bratri Sc jiz
nevideli 81 let. - T~fiatficet Wy
stehovalcn pochazl z Ceskoslo-
venska.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11

Phi najimani letniho bytu.
"V1te, mila PAM, vsechno by
tn uslo, ale mann rad vyhlidku
daleko siroko."
"PEosim vas, co chcete vic?
Odtud je videti ma $50 milionG
kilometr1 daleko."
"Zblaznila jste Sc snad?"
AM dost malo, ale byla ,jsen
0nehdy ma jedne prednasce E
tam tvrdil ten professor, re je
tax daleko slunicko cd mas. A
to pfece odtud vidlte?"
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
Jedna filologicka.

Pan professor byl povestnyn
sym punt1ckaTstv1m, zvlaste
pokud slo o vyjadfovani Sc
Koluje O tom tato anekdota:
Lfbal hezkou d1vku. Pfisla /
tomu jeho PAM. Pohorsene zvo.
lala:
"Jene, jsem prekvapena!"
On Sc ma nj vycftave podfva'
a pravil:
ease Sc spatne vyjadfujes
P~rekvapen jsem byl pfece ia
ty isl udivena!"
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11

Londyn. - Statn1 tiskarna
" Praze tiskne pfeklady SOVIET
skych ucebnic, ktere budou cd
prosince zavedeny v csl. sko-
|lach. Jsou to ucebnice dejepi-
|su, zemepisu a politicke vycho-
Wy.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11

"Muzfcku, nevis o nejak6
vhodne knize jake svatebni da-
rex pro meho synovce?"
"Kup mu Cechovy "P1sne O.
troka."
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
Americke valecne lodi kotvi v
reckon prfistavu Phaleronu.

Albany, Recko. - Pc pred
chozfch cvicenich S Teckym le-
tectvem zakotvilo II americ-
kych valecnych lodi s letadlo-
wynn nosicem Leyte V cele v
reckem ~pristavu Phaleronu.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1949-11-11
ZahOnek HumOru.
Syn o~dbornikHv.

Ucitel: "Ktery z evropskych
jazykG je nejtezs1?"
Yak (syn u~zenare) sc hla-
81: "Prosim, nejtezsf jazyk je
. howell"