davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-03-09
Fate Of Axis Sally
Placed Before jury;
Only Choices Open
Guilt or Innocence Ruled
Sole Question; Penalty
Prerogotive Of Judge
By jones J. CuIIinone

The fate of Mildred E. axis
Sally Gillars, accused of betray-
ing the United States by broad
casting wartime Nazi propaganda
was placed in the hands of a Dis
trict Court jury at 1908 pm.
today.
Judge Edward M. Curran told
the five women and seven men
on the jury that they had the
alternative Of returning two ver-
dicts-guilty or not guilty.
Judge Curran said that determ-
ination of the punishment for a
convicted traitor is the sole prerog-
ative of the judge and should not
be considered by the jurors. The
maximum penalty for treason is
death. The minimum is five years
Imprisonment and a $4,000 fine.
On Trial Since January "a.
Miss Gillars, who was arrested
in Berlin in April, 1916. went on
trial January "a. Testifying in her
own defense, she admitted making
the propaganda broadcasts but
insisted that throughout the war
she remained a loyal and patriotic
American. She said. she was
threatened with death in a con-
centration camp if she did not
continue her broadcasts for the
Nazis after the United States
entered the war.
Judge Curran took an hour and
40 minutes to instruct the jury
Treason, he said, is the only crime
defined in the Constitution of the
United States and is "a heinous
crime" He urged the jurors to
weigh the evidence with "the same
good. sound common sense you
apply to the problems of every
day life"
Give to the defendant her
due" Judge Curran said, land
give to the Government it's due.
Then, regardless of your verdict
you will exemplify in letters of liv-
ing light the principle of equal
justice under law"
Intent to Betray Necessary.
Judge Curran told the jurors
they must find Miss Gillars not
only gave aid and comfort to the
enemy but intended to betray the
United States, before they could
return verdict of guilty. He said
it made no difference what effect
her broadcasts had on listeners in
the United States or elsewhere.
1T makes no difference if the
programs were never broadcast -
Judge Curran said. Her act was
complete when she made record
ings and turned them over to the
German government"
Mere words, Judge Curran said
could not constitute treason in
themselves, but could become trea-
sonable if proved they were ut
tered with the intent to injure the
war effort of the United States.
It is no defense, Judge Curran
said, for person to plead he was
compelled to perform treason
able act unless he can show be-
yond all reasonable doubt that he
was fearful of imminent and i'm
pending death or bodily harm.
This force and fear must continue
during all the time in which the
(See AXIS SAIJV pape A5)
Evening star., 1949-03-09

BOCHUM, Germany, Mar. 8 (P).
Union leaders threatened today
strike of 100000 German coal
miners in the Ruhr. They want
either more pay or cheaper prices.
The union leaders will meet before
April ! to decide.
Evening star., 1949-03-09
PreIute Named

VATICAN CITY, Mar. 8 R.-
Msgr. Egidio Vagnozzi. councillor
of the apostolic internunciature
in India, has been named apostolic
delegate for the Philippines, it
was announced today. Msgr. Vag-
nozzi was born in Rome February
z. 1906,
Evening star., 1949-03-09
Showdown Vote
On Fi|ibuster
Due This Week
CIoture Petition to Be
Filed Tomorrow to
Pave Way for Test
BY J. A. O'Leoy


Senate fllibustering virtually was
assured today.
Administration leaders decided
in a policy meeting to circulate
today and file tomorrow a cloture
petition which will pave the way
for a test vote.
The decision of Administration
forces to find out where the Sen
ate stands came after a nine hour
session yesterday devoted almost
entirely to an attack by Senator
Cain, Republican. of Washington,
on President Truman's appoint
ment of Mon c. Wallgren to head
the important National Security
Resources Board.
For the first time since Satur-
day, Southern Democrats took
over the floor again today in their
fight to preserve the filibuster as
a weapon of minorities.
Last Hope of Minority"
Making his maiden speech, Sen
ator johnson of Texas lined up
with the Southern opposition bloc
when he declared:
"Cloture is to the majority what
fllibuster is to the minority. Each
is device by which a group may
try to achieve its goal, but the
devices are not equals. A filibus-
ter has no assurance of success
it is more prayer than a prom
Use, last hope for a conscien-
tious minority. No so cloture. It
is perhaps the deadliest weapon in
the arsenal of parliamentary pro-
cedures."
Unless there should be last
minute switch in sentiment, the
administration seems destined to
lose on the move to apply cloture
at this time.
Normally. cloture is invoked by
two-thirds of those present, but
the test vote in this case is ex-
pected to come on ruling by Vice
President Barkley as to whether
cloture can be applied to a motion
to take up bill.
Next Step in Doubt.
If, as most observers expect, Mr..
Barkley holds cloture can be in
voked against such a motion. the
test will come on appeal from his
decision. And, although only
majority is required to sustain the
chair. unofficial polls indicate the
Southern Democrats have enough
Republican backing to reverse
such ruling.
In announcing the decision to
have the showdown. Majority
Leader Lucas told reporters that if
this cloture effort fails, then we
will be right back where we are
now"
Administration leaders were not
ready to say whether they would
give up the fight, or go on with
an attempt to wear out the talk
ers. in the event cloture fails.
If they decided to make it an
endurance contest. the future of
rent control, which expires March
81, would be endangered and other
important legislation delayed.
Some Oppose Short Cut.
The question before the Senate
is motion to take up a proposed
new rule under which two-thirds
of the Senate could invoke cloture
at any time. The present cloture
rule has been interpreted to mean
that cloture can be invoked only
after a bill has been taken up and
made the pending business.
Some of the Republicans who
favor the new rule have indicated
they are not willing to accomplish
it by the shortcut method of up
holding a ruling by the chair that
Evening star., 1949-03-09
Victor Leaves S6,129,148

LONDON. Mar. 9 (P.-Former
King Victor Emmanuel of Italy.
who died in Cairo in 1947, left an
estate in England valued at
f2,532,2S7 ($6,129,148), court rec
ords disclosed today. Details were
not revealed.
Evening star., 1949-03-09
Ruhr Strike Threatened

Continued on Page A-3, Col
Evening star., 1949-03-09

CONTINUED on Page AS. Col. S
Evening star., 1949-03-09

Continued on Page Az, Col. 6.
Evening star., 1949-03-09

(See AXIS SALLY, Page AS.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07
Take A Number"

Tami Mauriello, outstanding heavy
weight boxer and contender for Joe
Louis crown, heads an impressive
list of w. I. P..'s" in the boxing
world who will be contestants on
the Saturday, Apr. 9, Mutual airing
of the novel Take A Number" quiz
fest $3.50 to p. M, EST.
Joining Tami at this quiz ring
side will be Dan Morgan, 76-year-
old ex-boxer, promoter and man
ager is ofttimes called the Dean of
Boxing, Lefty Rimini, who manages
Mauriello, Frances Albertanti, di-
rector of Public Relations for the
goth Century Sporting Club, and
Rose Cohen, chief bookkeeper for
the same organization.
Red Benson, carrot-topped quiz
master, will fire the listener-sub-
mitted questions in the opening
round as the ring contestants trade
brain busters with listeners for
valuable prizes.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07
"Air Force Hour
Gets New Time

M/Sgt. Glenn Darwin, former
Metropolitan Opera baritone and
radio singing personality, will be
the featured vocalist heard on 'The
Air Force Hour" when that Mutual
network feature moves to a new
time period, Thursdays, $50 to
9:55 p. M, EST, beginning tonight,
April 7. Sgt. Darwin's solos will be
backgrounded by the Singing Ser
geants, 13-man harmony group.
and the 65-piece U. S. Air Force Con-
cert Orchestra.
The documentary interview seq
ment of the program will feature,
for the April 7 broadcast, a discus
sion of the latest developments in
aerial photography For this pur-
pose Air Force Radio Reporter Capt.
Maxwell Marvin will be heard ques-
tioning officials and research tech
nicians at the Optical Research La
boratory, Boston University.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07

der the big Top" will be told dur
ing Mutua's Experience Speaks"
broadcast tomorrow friday, 8 to
$3.50 p. m.
Host Bill Adams has decided to
call it Circus Night on the show
and will present a lady sword swal-
lower, Bridgeport, Conn, friend
of the late p T. Barnum, and the
lovely young aerialist, Jean Rock
well, who was injured in a fall
from her high-rope last year and
still wears a brace as a memento of
that accident They will all person.
ally tell of their own unusual ex-
periences. Emerson Buckley, CON
ducts the orchestra.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07
News About The
WEI Programs
"The MikadOp On
Chicago Theater OF The Air"


Gilbert and Sullivan's ever-popu.
lar operetta burlesque, "The. Mi
kado',' has been air-adapted for pre-
sentation by Mutuars Chicago
Theater OF The Air" on Saturday,
Apr. 40 to IL p. m, EST. Vir-
ginia Haskins, Thomas Mills, Ruth
Slater and John Barclay will be
starred in this production.
Written in 1885, ''The Mikado' is
a Japanese-plotted musical play
testing all civic officials who take
their responsibilities too heavily. To
heighten the ridiculous aspects of
the satiric plot, stage producers of
the operetta customarily costume
their casts in brilliant hodge-podges
of color. Jack La Frandre, the
writer director, has made every eff
fort to radio-capture the nuances
and entendres of the dialogue and
to project "The Mikado" as a broad
cast feature in the same colorful
manner as it is presented on the
stage.
Robert Trendler will conduct the
orchestra and chorus for the broad
cast, and Muriel Bremner, Everett
Clarke and Carl Kroenke will head
the cast for the dramatic roles in
the production.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07
WJEJ-WJEJ-FM PROGRAMS FOR THE ENTIRE WEEK
NOTE WEI PROGRAMS FROM "A M TIL SIG
MONDAY-FRIDAY

MONDAY-FRIDAY
mornings
6:00-News And Farm Program
T 7:00-Rise and Shine and News
8:15-Happy Birthday Club
8:30-Little Record Show
s:45-Family Altar
9:00-Associated Press News
9:05-Organ Melodies IL
9:30-Special Features
9:45-Music in the Letter Vein
10:0OECecil Brown
l0:l5-Morning Devotions
10:30-Say 1t With Music
11:00-Passing Parade
11:15-Shoppers' News
11:30-Gabriel Heaters Mail Bag
Afternoons
12:00-Civic News
12:15-Kate Smith Sings
12:30-Special Features
1:00-Cedric Foster
1:15-The Happy Gang
1:30-Special Features .
1:55-Local News
2:00-Queen For A Day
2:30 MUSICAL
to SPORTS PAGE
4:30 MATINEE
4:30-Special Features
5:00-Straight Arrow tuesdays
and Thursdays)
5:30-Associated Press News
5:45-Tom Mix
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07

Nights
6:0O-Md. News and Sports
6:15-BOwling Page of Air Mon
7:OO-Fulton Lewis, Jr.
7:15-The Johnson Family
7:30-Red Cross CMonday)
7:30-News Comment TUESDAY
Wednesday, Thursday and
friday
7:45-Inside of Sports
8:00-Straight Arrow (Mondays)
8:00-Gregory Hood Case (Tues.)
8:00-2Can You Top This (Wed.)
8:00-Plantation Jubilee (Thur.)
BOO Experience Speaks (Fri.)
8;3O-Special Features (Monday)
S:30-Oficial Detective CTues.)
8:30-Scattergood Baines (Wed.)
8:30-Western Hit Review (Thurs. }
8:3O-Yours For a Song (Friday)
8:55-Hy Gardner Says
9:00-Music (Mon. Wed. Fri.)
9:00-Carmen Cavallero (Tues.)
9:00-David Rose Show (Thurs.)
9:3O-Hunting- Fishing (Monday)
9:30-Mysterious Traveller (Tues.)
9:3O-Family Theater (Wed.)
9:30-Air Force Hour (Thursday)
9:30-Enchanted Hour (Friday)
9:55-Bill Henry and the News
l0:00-Forum of the Air (Monday)
lO:OO-Marine Story (Tuesday)
l0:00-Comedy Theatre (Wed.)
l0:00-Ed Wilson Show (Thurs.)
l0:0O-Meet The Press (Friday)
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
On Meet The Press"

Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, U. S.
delegate to the United Nations, will
be the guest for the Mutual net
works Meet The Press" interview
session for its broadcast tomorrow
Friday). 10 to 1920 p. m.
Mrs. Roosevelt will be expressing
her views at time when the Gen
eral Assembly of the U. N. will be
recovering in New York City. She
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07
A. N. TIL SIGN OFF ON WEEKDAYS-FROM ii A. M TIL,

=
/ SUNDAY
Mornings
8:0O-News And Special Features
8:30-Gospel Truth
9:00-Tone Tapestries
9:30-News and Music
10:0O-Radio Bible Glass
10.30-Voice of Prophecy
11:00-St. Paul Ev. u. B. Church
Afternoons
12:00-Wings Over Jordan
12:30-Lutheran Hou
1:00-News and Music
1i30-Ramparts of Time
1:45-Glad Tidings
2:00-Mutual Concert Hour
2:SO-News by Bill Cunningham
2:45-Footlight- Echoes
3:15-To Be Announced
3:30-Juvenile Jury
4:0O-House of Mystery
4:30-True Detective Mysteries
5:00-The Shadow
5:30-Quick AS A Flash
Nights
6:OO-The Roy Rogers Show
6:30-Nick Carter
00-Souvenirs
715-Old Fashioned Revival
8:15-Sunday's Headline News
8:3O-Smoke Rings
9;00-Uhder Arrest
9:30-Do You Remember
9:45-Twin Views Of The News
10:0O-Mayor OF The Town
10:3O-Don Wright Chorus
11:00-News and Music
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07

has been active in public life in her
efforts to continue political philo-
sophies and doctrines of the late
President Franklin D. Roosevelt,
who died suddenly on Apr. IL, 1945.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07
" Yours For A Song"

Burt Lancaster, ex-carnival aero
bat and newly heralded screen
tough guy" will make guest ap-
pearance on tomorrow (Friday's)
airing of the unique yours For A
Song" musical variety program 1880
8:55 p. M, EST(.
Sheilah Graham, syndicated Holly
wood columnist and hostess of the
series, will interview Lancaster. In
addition, Art Lund, tall, handsome
vocal alumnus from the Benny
Goodman band, will return to the
guest vocal spotlight as guest, shar-
ing singing honors with lovely pro-
gram regular Betty Rhodes. Harry
Zimmerman conducts the orchestra.
Circus Stories Featured
When Experience Speaks"
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-04-07

| l1:O0-Moondial
11:3O-Dance Orchestra
11:55-Mutual Reports The News
12:00-Local News
SATURDAY
Weekday Schedule, with the fol-
lowing exceptions:
Mornings
9:30-Leslie Nichols
10:00-Dick and Don
10:30-Your Home Beautiful
10:45-High School News
11:OO-Family Altar.
11:30-Magic Rhythm
12:00-Sheriff Sam Mite
Afternoons
12:3O-So Proudly We Hail
1:00-Sunday School Lesson
:. l:15-Afternoon Melodies
1:30-Special Features
4:3O-Bill Harrington Sings
.5:0O-Russ Hodges Quiz Show
5:30-True Or False
Nights
7:00-Hawaii Calls
7:30-Robert Siegrist
7:45-Mel Allen
8:00-Twenty Questions
8:30-Take A Number
9:00-Bread Of Life
9:30-Guy Lombardo Orchestra
1000-Chicago Theater Of Air
Evening star., 1949-07-10

Goldenrod, bane of hayfever
victims, can be made to yield a
sweet oil that imparts a licorice
flavor to candy and chewing gum.
Evening star., 1949-07-10
Syrian-Israe|i Peace
Believed Likely Soon
By the Associated Press

HAIFA, Israel, July 9.-Syria
last of the warning Arab nations
to near an armistice with Israel
may be the first to sign a perman-
ent peace settlement, reliable Is
raeli diplomatic sources said to-
day.
After weeks of negotiations. a
Syrian Israeli armistice is ex'
pected to be signed next week
Armistices with Egypt. Lebanon
Trans-Jordan and Iraq were con-
cluded earlier this year.
An armistice is a temporary
cessation of hostilities. Perman-
ent settlements would formally END
the war.
One source here said Israeli
diplomats met secretely with
Syrian officials in Paris recently
and prepared the ground FOL
permanent peace negotiations.
The United Nations Cancellation
Commission for Palestine has
been conducting Arab Israeli talks
in Lausanne with a view to q
final settlement. Arab states have
baked, however, at signing per-
Imanent treaties unless Israel per-
mits the return of nearly mil
lion Arab refugees to their homes
in what is now Israeli territory
The Israeli-Syrian peace con.
ference will take place in Mishmal
Hay Yarden, frontier village
where armistice talks are now 60
ing on. and Israeli source said
Evening star., 1949-07-10

india finds 1t cannot build ships
as cheaply as can British yards.
Evening star., 1949-07-10
S|um Planning Fund
Would Be Used for
Detailed Studies

If a $50,000 appropriation item
for slum clearance gets through
Congress, 1t will be used to make
detailed plans for clearance OF
8 or 10 slum areas here, Thomas
S. Settle, secretary of the Nationa
Capitol Park and Planning Com
mission, said last night.
The sum was approved by the
Senate Appropriations Committee
in the independent Offices appro'
priation bill. which is expected tt
reach the Senate floor late this
week.
The money would 60 to tht
commission to prepare a master
slum clearance plan by next May
II. While plan already completed
by the commission does show ir
broad outline where the so-callee
"blighted areas" are located. Mr.
Settle said. more detailed studie!
are required.
| He said the study would follow
Evening star., 1949-07-10

the method used in surveying
Marshall Heights where a house
toulouse inquiry was carried or
to determine the family income
water and sewer facilities, the
number OF occupants in each
house and other detailed informa-
ton.
The long-range housing bill
now awaiting President Truman
signature prohibits the use Of
Federal funds on the Marsha
Heights redevelopment propose!
which has already been approved
by the Commissioners as the first
slum clearance project.
The housing measure, however
allows the District to participate
fully in national slum clearance
and redevelopment program. Il
also provides for preliminary ad'
vances for the planning of spe.
cific projects.
A high official of the Housing
and Home Finance Agency sale
last night that provision may bt
broad enough to cover establish
ment of an Office for the Distric'
Redevelopment Land Agency. Tht
agency was created in 1946 but M
money was ever appropriated fol
headquarters so Chairman Mari
Lansburgh has been running tht
agency from his department store
Office.
Evening star., 1949-07-10
Gen. Young 10 Attend
Convention in Portugal

Engineer Commissioner Cor
don r. Young has been told in
formally he will be named as the
United States delegate to the In
ternational Navigation Congress
at Lisbon. Portugal. early in Sep
tember, he said yesterday.
Gen. Young has been a mem
Der of the congress for more than
25 years. The September meet
ing will be the first since the war
for the organization, which in
terests itself in port, harbor. river.
channel and canal improvements.
The appointment would be
made on recommendation OF the
Chief of Engineers and approval
of the Secretary of State. 1t
would mean an absence of more
than two months for Gen. Young.
who said he would try to get three
weeks leave preceding the 45-day
stay in Portugal.
Gen. Young, who has long been
interested in port development.
said he and Mrs. Young probably
would leave about the end of this
month.
Hungary Socn ,y,-yv,ooJ Tor
tractors to mechanic farming
early this year.
Evening star., 1949-07-10
.Scorned Woman
Brings 3Arrests
BY the Assoeiofed Press

CHICAGO, July 9.-T'he fury
of a woman scorned was respon-
sible. police said today, for the
arrest of three men accused of
cross country robbery spree.
Police Capt. Daniel Gilbert said
a 21-year-old blond divorce had
accompanied the men from Cali
fornia to Chicago because she
planned to marry one Of them
Daniel Lucky" Kelly, "a, of Los
Angeles.
Capt. Gilbert said the woman,
Ruth Mullins of San Jose, Calf,
related that he became angry
when Kelly appeared inattentive
to her and notified a former ad-
mirer in California that she was
kidnapped" by the men and held
against her will.
The Californian, Wilford Ward
Of San Jose. informed authorities
there and the district attorney of
Santa Clara CouAty, Calf, noti-
ned Capt. Gilbert OF the men S
whereabouts.
Arrested last night in LOOP
hotel were Kelly, Robert Red
Laird, 26. of Tecopa. Calf, and
Charles Wolber. Is, of a Mesa, a
suburb of San Diego.
The men absolved Miss Mullins
OF any completely in a string of
about 20 robberies in California
Oregon, Washington, Utah, and
the Dakotas. Capt. Gilbert said
the men admitted the robberies,
and also stated they had robbed
three near North Side hotels with.
IN six hours of their arrival here
Thursday night.
Evening star., 1949-07-10
National Urban LEAGUE
Asks 5-Point Program
To Bar Race Conflicts
By the Assoeioted Press

NEW YORK, July 9.-The Ma
tional Urban League called on the
Nation today to adopt a five
point program designed to pre-
vent racial antagonisms and
conflicts.
The interracial agency. in a
statement, suggested its program
as a means of preventing racial
incidents such as those occurring
recently in st. Louis. Washington,
and Youngstown, Ohio.
Lester B. Grarfger. the leagues
executive director, said:
THE disturbances in each OF
the three cities centered around
the basic question whether the
right of all the citizens-without
discrimination-to use publicly
owned and operated recreational
facilities is to be upheld.
Promptings by Employees Cited.
He added:
In all three instances similar
patterns of events reveal the
vicious and unscrupulous prompt
ings of white youths by white
adult city employees to prevent
Negroes from using swimming
pools, thereby causing racial an
tagonisms and conflicts"
Under the program, the league
suggested that representative
groups of Negro and white citizens
in each community:
l. Confer with municipal Off
cials on enforcement of ordinances
against discrimination and segre-
cation.
2. Urge public officials to be
alert to any attempts to foment
trouble in residential areas, trans
portation facilities and recrea-
tional services maintained by pub
lie funds.
Conferences With Editors Urged.
3. Confer with newspaper and
radio editors concerning respon-
sibilities to give unbiased presen-
tation of the facts involved in
racial disturbances.
4. Examine areas of racial ten
sion and possible conflict and
work with qualified organizations
in making constructive plans to
straighten out tension-provoking
situations.
S. Work toward the appoint
ment of Negroes on stats of all
publicly operated transportation,
recreation and law-enforcing
agencies.
Evening star., 1949-07-10
Bridges Sees Chance
OF Balanced Budget
Ax the Axxocioted Press

Senator Bridges, Republican. e1
New Hampshire, said yesterday
there is a reasonable chance
that Congress can go on to reach
a budget balance if it cuts arme.:
services and Marshall Plan out
lays.
The New Hampshire Senator
top Republican on the Senate Ap-
preparations Committee, forecast
q cut of $1.000,000, 900 in money
for the armed services and a re-
duction of $500, 900, 900 or $400,-
000, 900 in Economic Cooperation
Administration funds.
The deficit for the present f1s-
cal year ending June 30, 1850
has been estimated recently by
various authorities at $4,000, ,000,-
900 and up.
Senator Bridges will have the
support of Chairman McKellar OF
the Appropriations Committee ir
the move to slash foreign aio
funds. He has told reporters sew
eral times he favors a deep cut ir
this spending.
Senator McKellar has asked the
Appropriations Committee to mee'
behind closed doors tomorrow tt
begin voting on the multi -billior
dollar ECA measure. The $4,642,'
100000 voted by the House alse
includes funds for military aid tt
Greece and Turkey as we'll as cost!
for occupation and government
IN Germany, Japan and occupied
areas.
A decision also may be reached
during the week on the House-ap'
proved funds to operate the Army
Navy and Air Force during tht
fiscal year that began with thi
month. These were just undel
$4,000, 100000 as passed by thu
House.