davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-06-23
On the Record
Italy Has Had Many Object Lessons
On How Not to Make Land Reforms

lords. Often they leave them en-
tirely to bailiffs and live In the
cities. or sit in q manor house or
castle" while workers walk In for
the day from novels Of villages.
and sometimes from homes in
caves.
The owners have enough bad
land-thousands Of acres Of ito
support themselves and their
families In comfort. occasionally
in elegance, without, however.
earning sufficient capital to make
large investments possible. The
whole OF the land would not, in
its present condition. support the
workers on 1t at anything but a
wretched level. even II they killed
the landlord and burned his castle,
however momentary q satisfaction
that might be.
Basic Reclamation Needed.
To put such land TO proper use
requires basic reclamation. It
needs fertilizer. drainage. irriga-
ton. In short. 1t needs capital.
To give the people decent exist
ence demands housing. roads. sta
bles for cattle which under pres
ent conditions are often led to and
from pastures. IS much as eight
miles per day. and are stabbed
with the peasants In their own
houses.
No landlords with such land,
however socially minded. can pro-
vide such facilities-and inability
to act socially creates an antisocial
attitude. The land scheme put
forward by the government viii.
however. contribute q large part
of the facilities and require the
owner to engage his own capital.
or sell his land to some one who
will. or have 1t purchased by pub
lie authorities at m economic
price.
Most of the more than half O
billion dollars assigned by ERP 70
Italy between April 1913 and ls4s
will when IL all arrivesp be In the
form Of wheat and coal. ECA
has embarked on Is huge recla-
nation projects rs tests. TO i'm
prove the land and human con-
ditions. It has every interest tn
seeing to it that counterpart"
funds, with which Italy must
match each dollar In It's own cur
rency, be used to increase the Ca
pacity of Italy TO feed herself.
tReisasee By ths Eel eynescass. fne.l
Evening star., 1949-06-23

administration, Is the result OF
talks between the President and
his Secretary Of State after Mr.
Acheson returned Tuesday from
Paris and reported at length to
Mr.. Truman on the results OF the
conference.
The Secretary Of State. his ad-
visers and his European colleagues
have a strong feeling not only
that the cold war will be greatly
intensified but also that we must
watch for possible surprises from
Moscow.
Emphasized by johnson.
This thought was emphasized
by Secretary of Defense johnson
in his address Tuesday to the Of
ficers Of the National War College
in Washington. Mr.. johnson, who
spoke in the presence Of President
Truman in the highest American
military staff training school. had
a detailed view of how the repre-
sentatives of the Western powers
felt at the end Of the Paris con-
ference.
A peace treaty with Austria-if
the final negotiations are success
ful-in no way will change the
over all picture of the cold war in
Europe. Most high officials in
Washington-even those who have
advocated a policy Of "dignified
patience" toward the Politburo-
now feel that the war party has
the upper hand in that organiza-
ton, which dictates the policies of
Evening star., 1949-06-23

Recovery Program and support
of the United Nations.
2. A cooperative program re-
garding employment. relief and
programs in which "all levels OF
government should participate A.
nancially" along the lines laid
down by the 1914 conference.
This represented utter defeat for
the proposal to cut grants-in-aid
20 per cent which was shaped up
last August by a committee OF
Governors and Representatives OF
the S0th Congress.
The whole tone Of the rather
skimpy resolutions was Don I
rock the boat" The new execu-
tive committee reflects the same
spirit, four out of nine being lib
eral Democrats: Governors Cor
don Browning Of Tennessee. Will
liam KnouS Of Colorado, Adlai
Stevenson Of Illinois and Paul
Dever of Massachusetts,. The other
five are moderates who can be
expected to display q generally
cooperative spirit.
Afraid to Lose Funds.
Perhaps all this was possible
because it ID an off-year-three
years removed from O presidential
election. Eut also the hard
pressed Governors who are trying
to make ends meet now that the
recession Is here obviously are
afraid, to ,relinquish any Federal
largeSse. -, H
There has been O tendency In
Washington. during the long
European-recovery debate and
subsequent economy maneuvers by
the appropriations committees, to
Evening star., 1949-06-23
This Changing World
Intensification of Cold War Feared
With Possible Surprises From Moscow

the U. S. 8. r. and its satellites.
At the Paris conference. accord
ing 10 those who were there.
Foreign Minister Vishinsky's s
hands were so tightly tied by his
superiors in Moscow that he had
no more power 70 negotiate than
any Of the secretaries who accom-
panied the foreign ministers OF
the Western powers. There were
almost pitsful instances when he
was obviously embarrassed by
questions put to him by Mr.
Acheson.
West Put on Guard.
The attitude Of the Soviet for
eign minister and his technical
experts in Paris led the foreign
ministers Of America. Britain and
France to the unpleasant con-
clusion that Moscow was cooking
up something and that the West
had better watch out for some
surprises. This feeling was
strengthened by the advice OF the
Western technical advisers. that
the Soviet forces in Germany have
increased threefold their stock
piles of war materials In Eastern
Germany. compared to what they
had last July when the blockade
started.
For the time being there Is a
paper agreement on what the
Western powers will do If the
Russians change the cold war into
a shooting war. But for number
of reasons, for which the Senate
cannot be blamed. the Atlantic
Pact has not yet been ratified.
Nor has anything been done by
Congress to provide Western Eu-
rope with the means to oppose
effectively a possible Soviet mill
tary aggression.
The Western foreign ministers
in Paris warned the American
of State, however. that
a lackadaisical attitude on the
part Of the American Senate to-
ward the pact and its implement
tation could have serious reper-
at this time. 1t will offer
the Communists an excellent op-
portunity to tell Europe's peoples
that the United States. after
gotten them into conflict
with the U. 8. s. r.. Is sitting
back and providing them with
to take the place of amity
with Russia.
Evening star., 1949-06-23

seen since they were thirteen
years olc7"
always open the invitation
hoping that II Is from parents
who are not TOO close AccgRini-
anees. so that can set something
cheap, But what's cheap any
more
Barsain- Hunting Feel.
Nothing. And you have that
on the word Of a man who is a
wedding present bargain hunting
fool No shop Is too obscure for
me TO scour II, no fire sale too
smoky for me 10 range It's ccun-
terS.
There was a time when a man
could send young couple \
toaster or a percolator. without
going into debt. But no more
Have you seen the toaster OF to-
day? Why, they have more
chromium on them than an eight
cylinder car. q dash panel like a
B-36. require a captain. co-piiot,
navigator. and chief engineer 10
operate them. and cost Just
little less than a jade necklace.
The average young bride doesn't
have sufficient engineering skill
TO operate the modern toaster
which. when the proper levers are
pushed. throws the toast in the
air. buffers ii while on high. and
brings 1t TO perfect three point
landing on the plate.
For the past IS years I have
been shopping for two things.
One Is that rubber stamp the
Post once uses which says Re
turned-lnsufiicient Address" II
I had that little fellow ] wouldn't
have to buy q present. The mo-
ment ! laid eyes on one OF those
square envelopes with a wedding
invitation in 1t. I would pop Il
with that stamp and drop 1t back
in the mail box.
Money Saving Device
Unsportsmanlike to be sure. but
what great little money saving
device.
The other thing that ] long for
Is another kind Of stamp--one
that says "Sterling." Think how
much that would save on wedding
presents. A man could buy any
old kind Of plated dish or bowl,
turn 1t upside down and whack
Sterling" on 1t. and send II with
| perfect assurance that 10 would
be welcomed. BY the time the
dish or bowl started turning green
the chances are that the bride
and groom would have forgotten
who sent 1t to them. or would
blame themselves for not knowing
how to take care Of precious
silver object.
Why do 50 many people act
married In June. anyway? What's
wrong with October when the
leaves are turning? Or February
when the baseball camps are In
full swing7 Or November when
pumpkins are at their height?
OF course. I was married In
June myself. but that was diff
ferent. To this day. many people
still talk OF what q lovely June
groom ! made.
Distributed hy MeNAuKht SYNDICATE Inc
Evening star., 1949-06-23

Ell Oh SOI1lI1AO~ "a
tee. 1t was so reported in the
Watertown Times.
/ Well evidence seems to be
clouding up right now in the field
of patriotic hysteria. The House
Un-American Activities Commit
tee. over which he presided for a
time before he moved into the
Senate, is now running from a
storm of its own making. a pro-
posal to investigate school text
books. Republican members dis
avow any connection with this
latest alteration of the commit
tee and Democratic members are
seeking a way to drop the under
taking.
Educators Aroused.
American educators. aroused
and angry. appear to have called
the turn on the Nations SUPER
shoppers. In doing so. they have
said some things the country
might well take to heart.
IF the Federal Government
should dictate what books our
students read" said President
Charles Seymour Of Yale, I'VE
had better close our doors. Only
a free university can serve the
people"
For the church. Methodist Bish-
op Oman declared: Americans
should call a halt before hysteria
demands that sermons be submit
ted to congressman before deliv-
cry"
Meantime Senator Mundt's own
approach to the subject Of evil
thoughts seems to be meeting with
small favor in Congress. This Is
the bill bearing his name. pro-
posing to s,t up permanent
Evening star., 1949-06-23

ed with Henry
" and Q n d 8
with ERP. Ac-
tually. it per-
picked the an
cient Italian re-
public and en-
pire whose wars
de plete d the
land Of peas
ants and bank
rup t e d the
I q r m e RS, re-
quiring m a n y
e S e I tlement
schemes. None
Evening star., 1949-06-23

WHICH naQ 10
receive unani-
nous approval
b e fore they
C o u I d b e
a d o p t e d. the
4 8 Governors
urged:
/. The earli-
est possible ap-
proval of the
North Atlantic
Pact with nee
essary action to
implement it.
continuance Of
he ElIrODean
Evening star., 1949-06-23

the arlies
pos s ible mo-
nent and to
convince both
houses Of Con-
gress Of the i'm
mediate neceS-
sity OF appro-
priating su m s
to start the de-
fensive pro-
gram for the
Atlantic p &C I
nations.
This, 1t is
said, in quar-
tars rlnsa IN the
Evening star., 1949-06-23

n e w VClume,
Mink and Red
Herring" was
uttered by Sen
ator Karl E.
Mundt of South
Dakota in the
course Of q
speech at Wat
ertown. Wis,
back in the
days before the
war when Mr..
M u ndt was,
stumping for
the America
Evening star., 1949-06-23

for that mat
let.
This Is what
goes on In nv
mind. 1. you
want the ;y2ih..
oh. good
TESS. another
present, Con-
found II. coeSI1 I
anyone stay
S! aE q n y
more Is q man
supposed 20 SO
broke buying
presents or
kids he haSr q;
Evening star., 1949-06-23
Mclemore-
June Weddings
Keep Him Broke
Ry Hesry .NrLrrer.

It's 9 horrible thing 20 admit,
I'm sure. but when set a wedding
invitation u1y Arst .eass1cg, Is not
one q happiness
Seg.l1eg Is my seccs49 yeAct2oa,
Evening star., 1949-06-23
By Constantine Byovn

President Truman and Secre-
tary Of State AcheSon will make
serious attempt TO have the
Senate ratify the Atlantic Pact at
Evening star., 1949-06-23
By Dorothy Thompson

ROME-(By Airmail. delaye6
The director Of ECA In Italy.
Mr.. Zellerbach, will tell you that
land reform in this country start
Evening star., 1949-06-23
By LoweH MeHen

Evidence is clouding UP. but it
isn't clear enough yet"
That remarkable remark, ac-
cording to A. j. Liebling in his
Evening star., 1949-06-23
BY Doris FIeeson

COLORADO SPRINGS. Colo,
June 23-Isolationism and States
rights bit the dust at this Cover
nors' conference. In resolutions,
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-04-29

diately after unions executive board meeting.
CIO Maritime Unions 1949 contract pro-
posals include establishment of impartial in
dustry arbitration, 40-hour week at sea,
use of hiring hall for unlicensed personnel,
health-welfare fund, changes in working rules
and 15% increase in basic and overtime pay
National Physicians Committee lobbying
group which spent more than S350000 last
year fighting national health insurance is fold
ing up. American Medical Associations own
lobby agency will continue the campaign.
NPC's propaganda tactics aroused strong pro-
tests from many groups
American Druggist poll shows 67% of exc
cutives of citizen groups representing 40
million persons - favor Truman health pro-
gram.
NAM doesn't like Rep Woods TIL repeal
measure. Considers it too weak NAM News
referred to it as 'Denatured Wood" Bill
There's lot of talk around Washington that
COP liberals and some conservatives are
saying privately Republicans in Congress must
support social legislation party will take
worse beating in 1850 and 1852 than in '48.
Old Guard die-hards are still calling the
tune, however and lining up with Dixiecrats.
Senator Taft recently warned Secret
party caucus it had better change tactics and
quite fighting legislation the people want
CIO-PAC, which learned from experience
that effective political action requires money
and long-range planning, is stepping up dollar
drive.
Jobs can't be done, PAC says, by putting on
spirited campaigns just before elections. That's
why political action is being kept alive year
around.
House action on Thomas -Lesinski TIL re-
pealer should be completed not later than
May /.
Senate strategy on measure is not clear
yet but bill may not hit floor until late May
or early June. Then-unless Dixiegop plans
are altered effort will be made to amend
measure until it looks more like TIL than
til
Labor is more optimistic about outcome
than 1t was before Easter recess
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-04-29
Regional
Views
By Richard Gosser, Vice President
International UAW-CIO

WHILE history being made making seldom
realize that this what they doing There social
hrtes The recent postponed large of the trend that
in and it took while after the had
ended before social progress again got rolling
There awakening here America that cannot be de-
made it Understand why equally rapid must
be made by the liberal forces these
Huge corporate interests are stronger than ever They used
the to advance themselves redoub their strength
They took advantage OF the opportunity the offered IN
ways of soaring the propagandizng him. and
taking away of his independence.
Unions have been doing educational job of their own
however and working people look such
things employment medical
pensions and fair employment practices matter of right
not gift from benevolent godfather be he employer or
Despite propaganda that the Presidents health pro-
gram socazed medicine which it definitely - the
majority of the American people of the fact that
there not sufficient medical available for those who need
People finding reconcile unemployment and
poverty in the midst of plenty They realize that something
with economic machine when people out of
work while people need things they would like buy
but cannot afford to buy
send the American citizen scurryng home look under the
refuge of the scoundre They put faith deeds than in
words They consider patriotism in its proper light and they
recognize economic treachery when they see it.
They the necessity of preserving the free enter
prise system they willing sacrifice their gains
so that a few may profit unreasonably
The American has unmistakably to the
cuson that certain governmental employees and others
entitled to pensions so are the EMPLOYEES who have made en-
History being made An awakening the political front
NoVembers election results confounded
the experts But the fight far from Indeed the war
against insecurity want and economic tyranny yet in its
infancy.
An educated popuace is the strongest bulwark of demo-
Organized Labor has played tremendous part in edu
the citizen last fifteen
the of God the next fifteen will great
progress
Dcators and yrants both of the political and economic
stripe maintain themselves by maintaining ignorance among
those under them Education the answer the only real
to these people.
In CIO encouraged to attend their meet
ings conduct meetings in demo-
fashion Machinery provided for assuring democracy
membership should anyone attempt deprive them of
it. This is the main of CLOS
organization helping to make history today 1t will
continue give this help to those who truly part of the
of the officers alone
the membership which gives strength
the membership between the
membership leaders the will
There much to be done. Together do it.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-04-29
Whats New?
BY Edward J. Duck
Journal Columnist

Do you know these peope7
Ellen Ankenbrand Her husband, Bill is at spicer.
She thinks the Coop pineapple and can't be beat
And she Coop shortening is real buy.
Ray Sampson He managed the Toledo Scale basketball
Ray claims to be authority and applesauce
Gle ate % of corn don't dispute his cam He
by Coop canned ppesauce and says it's the best he
had Now he's coming to the Coop Fair and try the corn
Mrs Frank Camp Her husband operates shoe repair
shop the Coop vegetable big When
prefers to Campbells that's quite compliment for
Coop,
Madelle Adds An Lite worker Madelle
Coop enthusiast volunteer organizer for quite awhile 1t
she who brought attention the fine quality and
of Coop soapess shampoo Consumers Union agrees with
her, listing it good deal costing &c shampoo
Bill Snyder An inspector in Building 15 Auto-Lite. He
first brought good value in Coop tires
He knows Coops from way back Reports several items to
famiy's liking Patronized first Coop Fair
Archie Randall, Auto-Lite supervisor and member of
Credit Union executive board He his sstern
law especially particular the catsup she buys and that
likes Coop better than Heinz And that's something
impossible list all the compliments have
the fine quality and flavor of the Co Op
cry including fruit juices vegetables cof
fee and other items Outstanding Coop products
flour mixes cereals and preserves.
The fact that Coop merchandise receives unsoli
cited testimonials encouraging to those who headover
heels in the Coop Proof the pudding
eating they say the Coop Fairs being staged
order acquant Toledo consumers with the story that coop
has to tell =
you obtain the Coop cubic refrigerator
5year guarantee you're really saving wad of money
When the Coop bring Neptune ouboard motors
at saving of approximately 40 cent it's worth shouting
about
the Coop top quality merchandise actual
cost better giving you increase keeps
purchasing and this in turn helps prevent lay
offs cutbacks, -depressons and recessions
may expect to hear lot of uncompmentary things
CoOps The usual enemies of the working
the going to dish out the poison Fulton
Lewis George Sokosky Peger the paid propagand
lobbyists going to work out CoOps Names
the who gets all the free ranpor
American Arines, the guy who's going
carry the ball for them Just consider the when the
thing starts!
Put simply, Coop proposition 1t eliminates
lot of profit The middemen skipped You
what for actual cost Any savings passed along
pay what you for what
don't Remember can't eat fixtures high priced
advertising
II you're looking for chance to get in quality
quantity to the Coop Fair tired of being
picked slapped down, kicked around, lied to-
fool Of your chance intelligent American
sumer do something about 1t.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-04-29
INSIDE AMERICA
written by the Staff of The CIO News)

GROUP of Senators recently discovered
~ some of nations worst slums are In Wash
ington--almost within shadow of Capitol.
Slums have been there for years-as have
slums in many other cities. Discovery" how
ever, focused attention of Congress on need
for public housing.
Observers say chance for passage of hous-
ing legislation at present session are much
better than in past But many are won
dering how far-reaChing the measure will be
because of strong pressure from powerful real
estate lobby.
NLRB recently took two hard slaps at
police interference in union organizing ac-
tivities.
Involved were two Southern textile firms
--Bbb and Russell manufacturing companies
which dominate community life of towns in
which mills are located.
Cops at Porterdale, Georgia, and Alex
ander City, Alabama, helped companies fight
organizing drive of CIO Textile Workers,
NLRB ruled
Both firms were held guilty of unfair labor
practices So were police at Alexander City.
Wood Bill, hailed by sponsors and some
newspapes as soft measure is worse in some
respects than Taft Hartley Act IL would re-
place.
That's what CIO Legal Department said In
analysis of measure introduced by Rep. Wood
of Georgia. Lawyers were referring to second
Wood Bill. First Wood Bill, they said, was
even worse, 1t obviously won't be considered.
Watch for drive to sell Wood measure to
public as one which meets most of the OBJ
jectons of labor"
But in some ways it is "even more OBJ
jectionable to labor than TIL, CIO attorneys
say
Labor lost real friend when Rabbi Stephen
S. Wise of New York died recently. Rabbi
Wise was strong supporter of unionisn. CIO
distributed thousands of copies of address he
made at Atlantic City CIO convention
JAW strike vote at big Ford River Rouge
plant week OF April 25 was authorized re-
Gently. Union charged company with violating
agreement regulating speed of assembly line.
ClO steel union will hold wage policy par
ley at Pittsburgh May 5. Session comes imme-
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-04-29
BY Wendell Whaley
Chairman, Spicer Unit
Coop Committee

IT is BEING predicted that
u price cuts on automobiles
this fall; will run from $3.50
to $3.50. The reason. lower
steel prices. Likewise with re-
frigerators and household ap-
pliances.
You may expect a terrific
bottle in the United States
Senate over confirmation of
John Carson as a new member
of the Federal Trade Com
mission. He is the Washington
representative of the Coopera-
tive League of the USA, and
a good guy Republicans are
after the job for one of their
gang, as you might expect.
The best way you can spend
$3.50 right now is for a sub
scription to II monthly issue
of Consumer Reports plus the
annual Buying Guide. In group
subscriptions of 5 or more you
get the $3.50 price. Otherwise
it's SIS. Actually, it's worth $50
of anyone'S money, because if
you follow the tips you'll save
plenty!
The popular misconception
that highly advertised prod
ucts are necessarily the best
is going to get a swift boot in
the pants before we're through