davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-21

apparently in great pain, he was
Unable to speak, Rushing said.
The crash occurred about 4.30
,. m. and the injured man reach
I'd the field hospital shortly be-
fore 8, p. m.
Evening star., 1949-02-13
w. i 5;
W

CHESS AND CHECKERS.
yMcA. i7se 6 street NV" SIS pm
today.
DANCES.
Dance at the Just For Fun Club, 174t
Connecticut avenue NV; u sponsored BY
ths lion, Ha.'sns at sso eeioeE tonisht.
the Walsh Club; rear Of 1879 Twenty-
second street NV. O'Clock tonisnt.
LECTURE.
Lincoln, the Biosopher:" talk and dis.
sUsiSa sODhes tn fsssus. hns AEs WIa ao. in'
pm. today.
LUNCHEoNs.
Variety Club luncheon, Hotel statler. st
New Corners Club luncheon. Hotel Stat
Ter, at 1918 Pm. tomorrow.
MUSIC.
The National Gallery Orchestra, Rich
ara Bales East GsFasn
nue. and Sixth street NV. at O'Clock
SPECIAL EXHIBITS.
Sale Dc ChampsEns, 1915 9 street NV.
s. sad s TSm to e1sspss
and sculpture by local artists.
Whyte Gallery. 1913 Connecticut avenue
NV. open $50 am. to 8 pm. Mondays
oils ssd BY
Phillips Memorial Gallery, 1920 Twenty
first street NV. open II am. to 10 pm.
thloash s..ard.ys .na ,. : . !: pm; sua,; :;
prints from Daumier to Matisse. through
W.tkin: G.!ssy American gniyess1sy
open 10 am, to 4:3O pm. Mondays
through Fridays, and 9 to s pm. satur-
6.ys 1as e.
lection Of Fine Arts: Constitution avenue
and Tenth street NV. open from am;
ss ssheson ass '1 81 df' she hs sn
ineton; through February ~:
AIshive; sxhibitisn hall Con-
Eighth streets NV, open s:45 am: to
6:15 pm. weekdays. 1880 to 5 pm, satur-
days, Sundays and holidays. Elections an
Nstionai Gallery Of Art. Sixth street
and Constitution avenue NV; open 10
am. to pm. weekdays and 2 to 10 pm.
Sqsns the mson kfess e
donors, and Michelanselos statue Of
Corcoran Gallery of Art. seysnteenth
street and New York avenue NV; open
IL to 4:3O pm. Mondays, 10 am to 4:30
pm; Tuesdays throush Fridays: an; to
days. water colors by artists Of Washing
Fish and Wildlife Service. under main
Fourteenth and E streets NV: open 9
am. to pm daily; display Of animals
and fresh-water fish.
open Saturdays 10 am to 4:3O pm; and
Sundays l to pm. for an INDEFINITE
and An constitution r snenae Ss'eS NV: photo.
graphs from seven South American coun-
tries represented in the FIRST international
eSalD's open am o. a to ESQ pm Reefdsxs snd
am. to noon SATURDAYS, through Tuesday.
Public Library; paintings and drawings
BY Joan !amsan n1ndays fnlSmfn ebru
Silver Spring Art Gallery. 9216 Flower
@ ar.sss: Of PTRss Woid ESa %ar eGssSn Sc %
National Archives. commemorating ses-
Of battle tn.b bstTeen fFssse
1893: consists Of photographs letters,
charts and other papers papers relating relating to the
Constellation; Cor sa on display through Feoru-
barnett Alden Gallery, 127. Randolph
place NV, exhibition Of paintings by six
washington AIIlotS tuuepauOS euo wsCo't
Mr.. and Mrs Robert Gates, Mr.. and Mrs.
James Mclaughlin and Mr.. and Mrs.
Jack Perimutter; open to 10 pm: week
days and Q to 8 pm. Sundays. through
FOR sERvICEMEN.
Soldiers. Sailors and Marines Club,
1905 street NV: lounge. library, writ
ing desk. billiard tables and radio.
Servicemen's Victory Center, 1113 Penn
sylvania avenue NV; free canteen. open
daily, noon to midnight.
Evening star., 1949-02-13
Advertising Club Names
Donohue lequI Adviser

r. Joseph Donohue, special as
sistant to the Attorney General,
has been appointed legal adviser
of the Washington Advertising
Club. He Is q member Of the
Donohue, Kaufman & Kronheim
legal firm and president of the
District Army Air Force Asso-
citation.
Carl Bleiberg. public relations
manager Of the Hecht Co., was
appointed chairman Of the Ad-
vertising Clubs publicity group.
Evening star., 1949-12-19

Three convenient ways to pay i. :. 30-DAY
REGULAR CHARGE ACCOUNTS =. 4 DOWN,
balance in equal monthly payments NO
MONEY DOWN and balance in 4 equal monthly
payments No interest charges.
Evening star., 1949-12-19
Denham Slated 10 OK
Building Field Bypass
OF Union Shop Votes
BY the Assoeioted Press

The Taft-Hartley laws top en-
forcement officer, Robert N. Den
ham, was reported convinced to-
day that he should bypass the
laws union shop election require
ment in the giant building indus
try.
This came out in advance of
Mr.. Denham's appearance today
at a National Labor Relations
Board hearing. The industry and
AFL unions have appealed for a
board order exempting them from
key provisions of the law.
Mr.. Denham Is the boards gen.
eral counsel. He was reported as
due to announce that from now
on he will keep his official eyes
shut when a case of a union shop
agreement in the industry
claimed to be illegal for lack of
prior NLRB election-is brought
to his attention.
Under the law, Mr.. Denham has
final say on any unfair labor prac-
tices cases. He can either accept
or reject them, and in this man
ner he controls what unfair"
charges get to the board itself for
hearing.
Gives Views in Person.
Mr.. Denham also was expected
to ask the NIRB to join him in
his views on easing the laws ap-
plication on the building and con-
struction industry. He and the
NLRB have run into serious OBJ
stacles on applying parts of the
law to the industry.
Because of the Importance Of
the situation Mr.. Denham decided
to outline his position to the board
in person. Never before in his
more than two years as general
counsel has Mr.. Denham argued
before the NLRB, always leaving it
to aids.
Mr.. Denham has tried for long
time to work out some way of
holding union shop elections on
building jobs, or construction
areas, and now is ready to call it
an impossible task.
A union shop requires workers
to become union members once
they are hired. The Taft-Hartley
law permits this, but only If the
NLRB holds an election first and
the employees agree.
With a very few exceptions all
such elections held since the law
was passed, in the construction
as well as other industries, have
been carried overwhelmingly in
favor of the union shop.
Agreements Made Right Along.
Recognizing this, elimination of
the union shop election require
ment was voted by the Senate this
year, but the change got begged
down in the political fight over
Taft-Hartley repeal and never was
enacted.
The construction industry has
made union shop agreements right
along with AFL unions, ignoring
the election requirement. Those
10 AFL unions represent about
1000. 900 building workers.
Neither the industry nor the
unions object very much to going
through what they consider would
be only a formality In holding
elections.
The trouble is that the NLRB
and the Denham have found it
impossible to determine the size
of the appropriate bargaining
unit or the proper time for hold
ing an election. This Is due to
the changing character Of in
dustry payrolls; an employer has
100 men one day, 10 a week later,
maybe 200 different workers an
other week later.
Meyer s. Ryder, attorney for
the International Association OF
Evening star., 1949-12-19

authorities and set Guy free. The
Judge said he based his decision
on improper papers and lack OF
proof that the offense was ex-
tradictable. Guy escaped from a
Tennessee prison crew last epril.
Guy announced he would now
"get married and spend quiet
Christmas"
Evening star., 1949-12-19

champion tennis player. is q free
man today after serving 10 months
and II days of a years sentence
for violation Of parole. He had
been convicted of morals offense
involving a boy.
No friends or relatives were on
hand to meet him as left the jail
Yesterday and walked alone into
the rain.
Evening star., 1949-12-19
Canada Won't Extrodite
Tennessee Fugitive
By the Associofed Press

WINDSOR, Ontario. Dec. 49,
Laurence Guy, "a, has won a six
months legal fight against return
ing to Tennessee to serve a three
year sentence for theft and re-
ceiving stolen property.
Judge Albert j. Gordon refused
extradition requests of Tennessee
Evening star., 1949-12-19

Now, get visible protection" for pic.
lures, ads, data sheets, other business
material. Slip them, as inserts, into
the transparent Mikahln window.
sleeves of this handsome Ful-Vu bind.
sf. Inserts always visible, always pro-
tected. No more finger marks, dog
ears, wrinkles. Binder of tough,
leather.like Fabkote, comes with one
unit of 10 window sleeves, takes 20
inserts up to IL" x Sl2'. Capacity can
be tripled by adding extra unit and
"Add.A-Leaf" window sleeves. Price,
$3.50. Also available in other styles
and sizes.
Evening star., 1949-12-19

|Machinists opposed waving any
part of the labor law for the
building trades. The machinists,
now an independent union, quit
the AFL several years ago in a
scrap over building trades juris-
diction rights.
Evening star., 1949-12-19

Britain's turkeys are big this
year-17 to 19 pounds-and not
for small ovens.
Evening star., 1949-12-19
ADVERTISEMENT.
Woman Discovers
Economical
COUGH RELIEF!

I'm through pay
ing fancy prices for
cough syrupl I've
discoveredPINEX.
By adding sugar
and water to the
concentrated me-
dicinal PINEX in
gradients, | get my
~nuoh SDr,,n at
Evening star., 1949-12-19
TiIden Leaves Prison
After Serving 10 Months
BY the Associated Pres!

.
LOS ANGELES, Dec. 19.-Wil-
liam Tilden, Sc, former worlds
Evening star., 1949-12-19

about ID the usual cost. I've never
found more effective, faster-acting
cough relief That's what millions
have been saying about PINEX for
over 40 years. PINEA brings quick,
effective relief for coughs due to colds
because it's a real cough medicine.
Get PINEX at any drugstore.
FOR EXTRA CONVENIENCE GET NEW
READY-MixED, READY-To-U USE PlkExI
HAY"WY Americas
I'M n " fovosfs
, 1949-03-12
PUBLICATION

The public is hereby mott
fled that motor vehicle license
plates for the year 1949 have
been received. All persons con
cerned are therefore notified
that the special extension of
time allowed for use of the
1913 plates will expire on
March II, 1949 and anyone
found using these plates after
that date will be subject to the
penalty. prescribed by Section
SO of Ordinance of November
"a, 1889, as amended.
The l949 plates will, as in
previous years, be issued by
the Department of Finance in
Christiansted, upon payment
OF the respective fees and pre-
%sentation of the required an
plication in triplicate, proper
.ly certified by the Police.
Department of Finance
Christiansted, st. Croix
February %, l949
L. r. CONRAD
Asst. Commissioner Of Finance
St. Croix
, 1949-03-12
NEWS

The SIS F. ORD north
bound is due at Frederiksted
on OF about March 18th, accept
ing freight for New York.
AL c STEAMSHIP CO. Inc.
Robf. I. Msrwiu &eos
, 1949-03-12
Button BraleY

gislate, their entire time and
all their energy would then be
directed to a discharge of those
duties. Their sense of respon-
sibility to their constituents
will be greatly enhanced, and
we may then see the advent of
a type of person known every
where but along these shores
the career politician. Regard
less of the glowing promises
made, and the seriousness and
willingness behind it all, men
must live, and it takes money
to do SO. Within recent years
we nave seen men resign from
the legislature because some
thing more lucrative than max
ing laws for their fellowmen
offered itself, and no one can
blame them. We have seen
men, on a mere whim; threat
en- to resign. That would take
second thought if a sense of
obligation were thrown in.
YES, WE favor paid poll
ticians, and do so sanely. On
giving the problem the serious
thought it needs, it may be
found that securing the funds
for salaries may be far easier
than finding men, good men,
to give of their precious time
and energy, gratis, for the com
munity.
, 1949-03-12
J THOUGHT

THOUGHT
SnobberY is the pride of
those who are not sure of their
position.
-Buton BraleY
, 1949-03-12
A SALARY FOR COUNCILMEN

]A1<A ~
YESTERDAY Municipal Council by a vote of 7 to
2, passed a bill to provide a salary of Sis for each Council
man. The two who voted against the bill, did so not because
they were against it in principle. One, the Honorable Gordon
Skeoch, favored it but thought SIS sufficient. the Honorable
Alva Mac Farlane favored 500. 1t is therefore evident that the
vote in favor Of a salary was unanimous.
WE HAVE BEFORE expressed the opinion that men en-
gage in politics for the following reasons: ~ Love, ~ Honor,
and 81 Money The men who engage in politics for the love
OF it are the few whose deep sense of patriotism civic pride
and duty forbids them remaining quietly in the background
while their community needs their services, so they plunge
into it, and work intellectually. Then there are those who
enjoy the honor and distinction that goes with certain posi-
tons-the dollar-a-year men, for example,, and finally, those
who study il, know all its angles, and consider it a profession.
HERE IN ST. CROX politics should ordinarily be limit
ed to'the first two-loUe and honor. Politicians have never been
paid here-the community has been too poor to pay legislators.
Furthermore, until recently, a place in the legislature was re-
stricted to a given few. The executive appointed those to
serve, and the others were voted in by ~propertied citizens. 1t
has been known that men were voted into the legislature who
ran on a ticket by themSelves-no opponents, and therefore
their places in elections were assured. The World has rushed
past since, and now problems of great moment are confronting
us.
WE ADVOCATE PAID politicians for St, Crox. The
raised eyebrows, the awe, the indignation and SCOTS that may
come from many quarters would make a fascinating picture,
and the one solid howl that spontaneously goes up is that there
isno money to pay politicians. Like many another, we realize
that this may be so, but if the question is faced squarely it will
be found that this may prove, in time, to be the lesser of two
evils.
WITH paid legislature the entire concept and outlook of
l~awnaking will make men realize that ii is their business to l-
, 1949-03-12
FOR SALE
II SEDAN

Newly painted excellent
running condition will
sacrifice for quick sale
Communicate: Avis Office
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-11-16

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN: That Clarence V. Foster, executor of the estate Of John T. Foster, deceased, has filed his final account and report of his administration of said estate, and his petition for dis tribution thereof, in the United States Commissioners Court for Juneau Precinct, at Juneau, Alaska; that 10 o'clock A. M. January 18th, 1850, has been fixed as the time and said court the place for hearing same; and that all persons con- cerned therein are hereby notified to appear at said time and place and file their objections, if any, to said final account and petition for settlement and distribution thereof
 Dated: Juneau, Alaska, November 18th, 1949.
 CLARENCE V. FOSTER, Executor. First publication, Nov. 16, 1949. Last publication, Dec. ', 1949.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-11-16
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that &. J. THOMPSON was, on the 9th day of November, 1949, duly appointed administrator of the es- tate of LEONG JOY, Deceased, and that Letters Testamentary VIVA. therefor on said day were duly is- sued to the undersigned.
 All persons having claims against said estate are hereby required to present said claims, with proper vouchers, and duly verified, within six (6) months from the date of this Notice, to the undersigned ad- ministrator personally, or at the of flee of his attorney, M. E. Monagle, at 200 Seward Building, in Juneau, Alaska.
 Dated at Juneau, Alaska, this 9th day of November 1949.
 s. J. THOMPSON. First publication, Nov. g, 1949. Last publication, Nov. 30, 1949.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-11-16

Honest Injun. lady. ifs the truthl You get Americas handiest cleaner-a real triple-action Hoover-at this new low price (cleaning tsols extra). It's Hoover's newest model
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-11-16
UNIV, LEWIS
 PAY FINES

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16.-tR- John L. Lewis and the United Mine Workers have paid $1,420,000 in contempt fines their penalty for failing to obey a court order to end 1948 coal strike.
 Welly Hopkins, General Counsel to the union, made the payment to Harry M. Hull, Clerk of the U. S. District Court.
 Hopkins remarked that the fine is probably the biggest ever paid by defendant in the federal courts certainly the biggest ever paid by a labor union."
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-11-16
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that ALASKA PERSONAL SERv- ICE AGENTS has been appointed Administrator of the estate of J. T. GROOMER, Deceased, and that all persons are required to present their claims, if any, with proper vouchers, within six months from the date hereof, at the office of Attorneys R. E. Robertson and M. E. Monagle, at 200 Seward Building, Juneau, Alaska.
 Dated at Juneau, Alaska, Novem- Der 9th, 1949.
 ALASKA PERSONAL SERVICE
 AGENTS,
 By M. E. MONAGLE,
 Vice-President. First publication, Nov. g, 1949. Last publication, Nov. 30, l949.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-11-16
RADIO LOG
 KIN Y Alaska Broaocasting Go.
 c. B. S. nTAT 1dcn YTTNJrArY

AlaSka broaocaStlng CO.
 c. B. S.
 DIAL 1460-JUNEAU
 WEDNESDAY EVENING 6:00-News. 6:15-Music. 6:20-Sports Scene. 6:30-Dinner Music. 6:45-Local News. 7:00-CHICAGOANS- CBS. 7:30-ARTHUR GODFREY-C -CRS. 8:00-Weather report. 8:05-Music to Read By. 8:30-LIFE WITH LUIGI-CBS. 9.00-Alaska News. 9:15-Viking Varieties. 9:30-JEFF REGAN-CBS. 0:00-News. 1o:15-Drifting on a Cloud. 10 :30-Weather report. i0:35-Sign Off. THURSDAY MORNING AND
 AFTERNOON
 Sign On 7:00-Dunklng with Druxman.
 7:25-Local Weather.
 7:30-News Summary.
 8:O0-Morning Thought.
 8:15-News Headlines.
 8:25-Weather report. 8:3O-Cote Gfee Club. 8:45-Lenny Herman Orchestra. 9:00-Music for the Missus. 9:30-Weather report. 9:35-Airlane Trio. 9:45-YOU AND THE WORLD
 CBS. 10:00-News. 10:05-Vocal Varieties. m l0i15-Piano Playhouse. 10:30-Milady's Memo. 11:00-MEET THE MISSUS- -CBS. II 1:30-Listeners' Digest. l1:45-March Time. 11:55-Forecast. 12:00-Salon Serenade. 12:15-News. 12:30-Meet the Band 1:00-GARY MOORE SHOW
 CBS. 2:00-FRONT PAGE FEATURES
 CBS. 2:15-Bing Sings. 2:30-Light Classics. INSTANTANEOUS. 3:15-HOWARD K. SMITH-C 3:30-Parade of Hits. BARNARD FOLLIES-
 CBS. 4:45-Western Serenade. 5:00-Keynotes by Carle. 5:15-To be announced. 5:30-Dance Music. 5:45-Music.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1949-11-16
MARTHA SOCIETY BAZAAR

Church parlors Nov. Is, ' pm, needle work, home made candy, Xmas cards, fishpond, etc. Dessert served from pm. on-adv. 51-3t
Evening star., 1949-02-28
Funeral Of John Boyer
To Be Held Tomorrow

Funeral services will be held at
g pm. tomorrow for John Clar-
ence Boyer, 48. Arlington building
contractor, who died Saturday at
his home.
The services will be in his home
Walton lane, Annandale, Va
Burial will be in National Memor-
ial Park Cemetery.
Born in Mendoza, Va, Mr.
Boger worked as a builder in
Charlottesville and came to Ar
Ilington II years ago. He was q
member Of the firm Of Boyer &
Dennis.
Mr.. Boger was member oi
Columbia Masonic Lodge and was
Royal Arch Mason and a Knight
Templar.
Surviving are his widow, Viola
S. Boger; two daughters, Mrs
William Reynolds and Mrs. War
rem Bladen, both Of Arlington
and two sons, Billy c. and John
Robert Boyer, both of Annandale.
Also surviving are two brothers,
James r. Boyer, Front Royal, and
Davis S. Boger, Falls Church, and
five sisters, Mrs. Paul Counts, Sill
yer Spring, Md; Mrs. Kate
Phelps. Holston. Va; Mrs. Drucie
Blalock, Mendoza; Mrs. Okla
Singleton, .Holston Valley, Tenn,
and Mrs. Virginia Leonard, Fred
ericksburg, Va.
Evening star., 1949-02-28
Roomer Denies Attack
as Ess.~vz s-aa- s~ses
On Girl, 8, in Home

David Allen Hamlet, %, cate
gorically denied today charges
that he assaulted an 8-year-old
girl in a Silver Spring home where
he was roomer last November 5.
Before God, I am not guilty of
this charge" Hamlet testified in
Montgomery County Circuit Court.
Earlier, the tiny, fiaxen-hair girl
told an all-male jury that she was
positive Hamlet had attacked her
in the upper berth Of q double
decker bed.
Hamlet. a laborer. testified he
had never thought of touching the
child. remarking that he himself
is the father Of 10-year-old girl
He denied he was in the house
at the time the assault is supposed
to have occurred. He said he was
waiting on a porch for the child's
father, who was taking d baby
sitter home.
A physician who examined the
child a few days after the alleged
offense testified earlier that she
had contracted a venereal disease
Hamlet was indicted on charges
of rape, attempted rape. carnal
k n wledge, attempted carnal
knowledge and assault and bat
tery.
Evening star., 1949-02-28
Reds Subpoena Judge Knox
In Attack on Jury System
BY the Assoeiatsd Press

NEW YORK, Feb. 2S.-Judge
john C. Knox, senior Fedora,
Judge in the New York district
was subpoenad today to appear as
a defense witness tomorrow at the
conspiracy trial of II leading
American Communists.
The subpoena called on him tc
produce the text Of a speech he
made at UniontoWn, Pa, on jan
uary %.
In the speech he defended the
method of picking juries in the
Federal district here-a system
which counsel for the defense
charges Is discriminatory.
Since the trial opened January
II, nearly all court sessions have
been taken up with defense efforts
to prove that the jury-pickang
system discriminates in favor OF
the rich against the poor and
members of minority groups, In
|cluding Jews and Negroes. 10 llasy
has yet been selected. stsfsssss,ssl tsfsS I
Friday. presiding Judge Harold
n. Medina gave the defense unta
the end of tomorrow's session to
present evidence in its challenge
to the jury system and set March
&C tho tentative date for the
start of actual prosecution.
Evening star., 1949-02-28
Rites for ". {. Willis
To Be Held Tomorrow

Masonic funeral services will
be held at 2 pm, tomorrow for
William E. Willis, IS, Washington
attorney and an executive of the
International Association Of
Machinists, who died Saturday
at his home, 2l45 California
street NV.
The services will be in the Vim.
cent funeral home, 2S25 Bladens-
burg road NE, with burial in
Columbia Gardens Cemetery.
Mr.. Willis was. for Is years.
assistant to the general secretary
treasurer Of the machinists' or
ganization at headquarters here.
A labor law specialist, he also had
law Offices with Burton A.
McGann at 14r6 F street NV.
A native of Albemarle County.
Va, Mr.. Willis had worked as a
machinist and lawyer in both
Philadelphia and Indianapolis. He
came here in 1920. He received
his law degree from Valparaiso
University in Indiana and was q
member of the State Bar Asso-
citation there.
Active in fraternal groups, Mr..
Willis was a 32d Degree Mason
and Shriner and was also an Elk
and Odd Fellow. He was a mem
ber of the District Bar Association.
Board of Trade and the University
Club.
Mr.. Willis wife died last year.
He leaves no immediate survivors.
Evening star., 1949-02-28
ForrestaI Asks Study
On Unifying Medical
Services OF Military

Secretary Of Defense Forrestal
today ordered study to deter
mine the feasibility of unifying
the medical facilities Of the Army,
Navy and Air Force.
The study was placed ON a high
priority basis by the Secretary
who directed that it be made by
the Armed Forces Medical Ad-
visory Committee, headed by
Charles p. Cooper.
The Secretary issued his direc-
tive. he said. on the unanimous
recommendation of the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff.
II have asked the committee tc
consider all alternative means TO,
the organization Of the medica
services Of the armed forces anc
to advise me as to the form oi
organization which will be mos
economical in terms of money
medical manpoWer and facilities
while at the same time providing
the three fighting arms with the
medical support which they re-
quire." Mr.. Forrestal said.
Because of the complicated
nature of the subject matter, these
studies will of necessity take
time" he added. However, I an
hopeful that they will result in 9
material reduction in our overall
requirements for medical person
mel and facilities and will enable
us to provide the highest stand
ard of medical care for personne
in the services"