davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-05-15
New Council May Succeed
At Western Europe Unity
Strasbourg Group Will Attempt to Set Up
Joint Supernatural Representation
of Government and Peoples
By Sebostion Hoffner

LONDON-To casual onooker the Council of Europe which
this and whose statute agreed
Beneux Italy Fire and
London recently
pzzlng innovation The movement toward Western
the cold already produced
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-01-09
Fourth Secretary to Lincoln
Indicated by Two Old Letters

Both letters were addressed to 8
N. Holmes, secretary of the Onon.
daga historical association, Syracuse
N. Y.
One accompanied a Lincoln auto
graph that Mr.. Holmes sought.
The other revealed Mr.. Matile as
an attorney who was concerned that
his absence from his practice would
make him rusty at law.
In this letter, MANTLE referred to
two of the three presidential secre-
taries widely known to scholars,
John Hay and John G. Nicolay. The
third, not mentioned, was w. o.
Stoddard.
Mr.. Monaghan said MIR. Matile's
remark that Mr.. Hay was with the
Army in Florida and that Mr.. Mic
olay was up North" Tailed with
confirmed historical knowledge that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-01-09
BY the Associated Press

SPRINGFIELD, ILL.,, Jan. ga
historian; reported evidence today
that Abraham Lincoln had at least
four White House secretaries. This
would be one more than previously
established.
Jay Monaghan, Illinois State
historian and authority on Lincoln
named the fourth man as Gustave
E. Matile.
Two brief letters Mr.. Matile wrote
from the Executive Mansion at
Washington in 1864 were brought
to Mr.. Monaghan by a Springfield
collector. They gave few personal
details.
"Matile's existence may turn out
to be mainly of antiquarian inter-
est Mr.. Monaghan said, but I'd
like to find out more about him"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-01-09

both were away from Washington
that summer.
The two letters are in possession
Of William A. steiger of Springfield
Mr.. steiger brought them to Mr..
Monaghan for an opinion on
fingerprint he believed is Lincoln's.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-01-09
Civic Address Scheduled

Mrs. r. 8. Thomas, superintendent
of the National Training School for
Girls, will speak on THE Need For
Sex Educationr at a meeting of the
Midway Civic Association at 8 pm.
Tuesday in the Morgan School, Cali
fornia and Champlain streets NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-01-09
Dean Suffer to Lecture

A series of four lectures entitled
THE Prayer Book for Today" will
be given by the Very Rev. John w.
Suter, dean of Washington Cathe-
dral, beginning Tuesday at the
Cathedral library. The lectures will
be given from $3.50 pm. to 4:30 pm.
each Tuesday in the library through
February !. The lectures are open
to the public.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-01-09

Pope Innocent III was elected
by the cardinals after the death
of Celestine III, in l198-and at
the time was not a priest.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01
Raise Certified Seed
On Clean Ground

BY LEWIS DIELMAN, Hill County
IN PRODUCING certified seed l
find it important to plant the seed
in new ground that is free of weeds
Or in old, observation-disclosures
ground that was previously cropped
to the same grain one intends TO
raise.
Before seeding, the drill should
be cleaned with a cleaner
to get out all foreign weed and grain
seeds.
When the crop starts to head, it
should be rogued. This is more cas-
lily done in the late evening, as the
slanting suns rays show up the odd
heads.
At harvest time it is best to dis
card as certified seed the grain cut
by the combine in the first two or
three rounds, and the truck box for
hauling should be thoroughly swept
before using.
In my All work l have raised a
total of rs acres of registered COM
pana barley and Ceres wheat.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01
l Seed at Right Angles to Wind
to Speed Combining

northwest by south-southeast direc-
ton. l feel that this direction will
be almost at right angles to the di-
rection of lodged grain most years.
Going back and forth in this direc-
ton the pick up guards will be able
to get hold of the grain, pick it up
and allow the sickle to cut it off
without taking in a lot of straw, and
do it at a relatively fast speed.
Seeding Slightly Slower
Seeding is slightly more time con-
Stunning this way. Instead of having
corners to seed out it is necessary
to make a couple of rounds around
the outside of the field. It is neces-
sary to harrow around the outside
of the field to make a smooth place
to turn the combine. If the ground
is smooth a modern, high-speed,
self-propelled combine can make a
$50 degree turn in a matter Of Sec
onds.
The wheat that is saved and the
time that is saved in getting the
crop harvested will, I believe, mean
more profitable farming for me.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01
Song Of THE Lazy Farmer

of those guys who thinks that ne
is just as wise as it is possible to
beat least four times as smart
as me. So if I dare talk back at
all he starts to overflow with
gall; his face gets red, his chin
sticks out, and all he does is rave
and shout that ne is wastin' time
with me because of my stupidity;
for days he's got blood in his eye,
long after he's forgotten why.
For my part, I have too much
fun arguin' with most anyone to
get upset whenever we discover
that we don't agree; the only way
to learn I find, and sweep the
cobwebs from my mind is list'nin'
to what others say on major
topics of the day. That's why,
tho I know neighbours not blessed
with the brains that l have got,
I do my talkin' with a smile and
stay my calm self even while he
pours insults upon nay head that
would make many men see red;
besides, I realize that he is al
most twice rs big as me.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01

above this reservoir has increased
hay production about fourfold on
this ranch.
Feed Appreciated Last Winter
The additional supply of hay was
appreciated last winter when feed
was moved into blizzard stricken
Natrona county by airlift. A guam
tity of hay in addition to that al
ready on hand was delivered to the
Mahoney ranch by airlift. The loss
in sheep because of the storm was
only about 1 percent. The small loss
is in part due to having had hay on
hand and the extra quantity pro-
duced as a result of the reservoir.
Additional soil erosion and water
conservation measures have been
carried out on the Mahoney ranch
since this stockwater reservoir was
built. Construction was recently
completed on a strictly erosion con-
troll dam across the DAILY gulch, built
according to the same design as the
stoekwater reservoir.
The erosion control dam required
the movement of some $500 cubic
o@Septenbez l, 1o49
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01

HOW TO STOP gullies from grow
ing longer and deeper has been one
of the major problems confronting
Timothy Mahoney on his ranch near
Midwest, in Natrona county, Wyo-
ming.
A stockwater reservoir built by
MI. Mahoney as a co-operator in the
agricultural conservation program
administered by the production and
marketing administration turned out
to be a better erosion control struc-
ture than stockwater reservoir. This
reservoir stopped erosion on n
gully, so why wouldn't dams built
according to the same design stop
erosion on the other gullies?
The reservoir transformed a gully
with deep cut banks covered with
tall sagebrush into a level hay mea-
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01
Dam Stops Gully Erosion
By TOM RENNARD, Wyoming NJ COMMITTEE

yards of earth into the embankment.
the blasting of a spillway z feet deep
through solid rock at the end of the
dam, the relocation of the graded
road to the ranch headquarters, re-
location of a quarter-mile of tele-
phone line and the installation of a
siphon to drain water gradually out
of the dam after any runoff to re-
duce use of the spillway.
The site selected for the new dam
was downstream from a pipe and
wire crib structure which had pre-
viously been constructed to retard
erosion and keep the gully banks
from caving off near the telephone
posts. The pipe and wire crib had
washed out, and in a matter of time
several of the telephone posts would
have been hanging in the gully.
Serious Erosion
The seriousness of the erosion
problem is hard TO visualize. The
dam is across a draw in the bottom
of which is a deep cut gully with
vertical sides IL feet deep. The dam
is some "a feet high. The gully ex-
tends downstream for a distance OF
about three miles. Without this dam
the gully would have continued te
grow longer each year until it hac
reached the head of the water
course, or another couple of miles.
Deep cut gullies like this form
natural barrier to travel by live
stock and are an obstacle to goot
grazing land management. They ais
cause a loss in livestock. Occasion
ally a COW or sheep gets crowde'
over the gully bank. The stock, I'm
able to scale the high banks, RENAL.
marooned in the gully only to fac
eventual starvation unless found an
rescued by man.
This illustration of the progres
being made to control soil erosion O
the Mahoney ranch is typical of tn;
being accomplished by many otht
Wyoming ranchers. About $500 sue
structures have been built in tt
last five years with the technical ar
financial assistance provided und,
the PIMA agricultural ~conservatit
{ program. The program is availab
to all agricultural producers and Il
PIMA supervisors are more tn;
! willing to help operators with t
c surveying of reservoirs like this.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01
By NORRIS E. HANFORD
Chouteau County

l FARM BLOCKS rather than
strips and my entire experience in
wheat farming has been with blocks.
There are very few years that
wheat, or barley to an even great
er extent, is not lodged or leaning
badly. If one combines around the
field there is usually nj direction,
namely east, that is slow and tedious
cutting. If the grain is not lodged
too badly, it can be picked up by
going low and taking a lot of straw.
One has to go slow and let the reel
beat it in, as pickup guards are of
little help while paralleling the
straw.
Often it appears that all the heads
are being cut and carried into the
combine, but upon closer examina-
ton one finds that a good number
of heads are cut off and fall directly
to the ground.
Right Angles TO Wind
In Montana, when the grain is
ready to harvest we want to get it
done in a hurry. We also want to
get all the grain if possible. There
fore, 1 have decided to seed my
fields back and forth at right an
giles to the prevailing wind. Seed
ing with a furrow drill automat-
ically determines the direction of
combining, as it is impossible to
combine across the burrows. Of
course, if one is going to combine
back and forth, it is necessary to
use a self-propelled combine.
Last year I had my crop planted
north and south. The wheat lodged
northeast and cutting was slower
going north than south. If it had
been necessary for me to cut going
east l would not have come close
to my 43 acres per day average with
my 14-foot machine, nor would my
yield per acre have been as large
1 proved this when, after finishing
my w harvest, I moved over te
help a neighbor finish up. There
we went around the field. Ou1
progress was painfully slow and the
waste while going east was scanda
lous.
Last fall I seeded most of m,
fields back and forth in a north
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01

oO"s @
that additional vege-
tation snd winter
feed could be pro-
duced. Native wheat
grass began to grow
in the silt filled
reservoir and that
part of the gully
above the reservoir.
Hay harvested ron
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01

The birds that I feel sorry for
are those who can't help gettin'
sore when folks with whom
they're arguing do not agree on
everything. My neighbor is one
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-09-01

above this reservoir has increased
hay production about fourfold on
This ranch.
, 1949-04-26
PUBLICATION

Notice is hereby given that
Mrs. Christina Fleming for
7-8 Queen ST., Christiansted
Mr.. Dennis L. Copeman, for
&C Western Suburb, C'sted
Mrs. Kathleen H. Dunlop for
% Hospital ST., Christiansted
have applied for permission to
own licenses and operate re-
tail liquor stores at the adj
dress stated.
Interested parties are re-
quested to file any objections
they may have to the use of
the said buildings and loca-
tons for the purpose contem-
plated by the license, on or
before April %, 1949; at S o.
clock, p. m.
CLAUDE J. RICHARDS
Chairman
, 1949-04-26
FORECAST
for the
Virgin Islands q Puerto Rico

Partly cloudy to occasionally
cloudy with scattered showers to-
day, tonight and Wednesday.
Winds moderate easterly to
east-northeasterly.
The same as above for the coast
al waters of the Virgin Islands
and Puerto Rico.
Maximum temperature -. IS
Minimum temperature (. 70
Precipitation;
"a hours ending midnight 4.02
Total this month ........ OTIS
Total since January L.. 11.67
Total April 1913 1900. 2.56
Relative humidity
at II a. m. .............. 70
Wind dir. & velocity -. S Is
, 1949-04-26
cRAMER

CRAMER -.
took part in planning and exc
cutting the liberation of Eu-
rope.
The insignia of the Order
was recently given Mr.. Cra-
mer by His Excellency DR.. L.
A. H. Peters, Governor of Gu
racao, formerly a member of
the Netherlands Section of the
Carib. Commission.
In making the presentation,
Governor Peters said that
while the award was given for
military services, he took es-
pecial pleasure in handing it
over because of his associa-
ton with Mr.. Cramer in the
work of the Commission. The
Netherlands West Indies, he
stressed, take a great interest
in the activities of the Com
mission, and realize that "the
various islands in the area
have a great many problems
in common and that a joint
and co-ordinated effort may,
bring us sooner to a solution"
, 1949-04-26
THERE WILL

THERE WILL
If the date can be set recipro
cal restrictions on trade be-
tween east and west Berlin
could be lifted before the
meeting, it said.
A State Department spokes-
man declared that he had no
comment to make. The lass
announcement was made short
ly after General Clay made
known that agreement be-
tween the Western Powers &
the Germans on Monday night
in Frankfurt on the creation
of a west German govern
ment by mid-Jdly.
, 1949-04-26
JAMES BoUGH


asked searching questions
about what progress is being
made at horns and how much
promise was there for them to
make a good living upon their
return.
Before leaving the beautiful
campus, Mr.. Bough donated
his honorarium to a special
fund to be used at the discre-
ton of the President of Hamp
ton Institute to assist Virgin
Islands students.
Mr.. Bough was formerly dis
trict attorney for the Virgin
Islands.
, 1949-04-26
COUNCIL

But we cannot rely upon the Fed
eral government to shoulder the entire
burden Of Increasingly public services.
Wherever revenue a be raised To-
cally without undue hardship, this
must be done. Proposals in this area
will be placed before the Legislative
Assembly and, if necessary, the NUM-
cipal Councils.
Several serious social problems call
for legislative action. The abandon
ment Of children by parents who
leave the island can and should be
controlled and prevented as far as u
legislative power permits. The r e
cruitment of domestic and other
workers by irresponsible agencies for
, 1949-04-26

work on the mainland is a matter of
increasing concern. We can and
should exercise control over this type
of activity. Appropriate legislation
will be proposed in the near future.
Generally, in the field of social le-
gislation, st. Croix has moved slowly,
believe too slowly. We should have
a Public Utilities Commission author
lied to exercise reasonable regulation
over a variety of public services. In
most communities bus and taxicah
service and rates, such matters a
~lighterage and landing charges, cleo
trio rates, all r subject to fair gov
eminent regulation in the public i'm
terest. This should be true in
St. Croix.
(To be continued
, 1949-04-26

TRUMAN
erful climate of the Caribbean
possessions and the hospital
ity of the people who live
there.
MY best wishes to you all
and my cordial greetings to
Governor HASTE and to Gov
ernor Marin"
, 1949-04-26
FOR SALE

New rowboat, built in Tor
tola. Can accommodate engine.
Dimensions: Keel 10 feet 8h
Beam: S #. 6 ms; Depth 2 #.
PRICE $4,000
For further information:
. Isiah Griffith
Papa c.
Evening star., 1949-05-24
These Pesky PronOuns!

@. My English students win not
agree with me that this sentence Is
correct: "He handed the books to
we who stood in line" Back me up,
won't you please?-M. c.
A. Sorry, teacher: I'm afraid
you'll have TO eat crow. I'm sending
you my Pronouns pamphlet which
should clear up your confusion.
Now let's look at your sentence.
He handed the books to We 80?
No. emphaticaliy! The pronoun
following .to' must be In the OBJ
jectiye tacted upon) case. Correct: /:
He handed the books to us-who
stood in line.
I avoid involved grammatical dis
fcussions In this column. However. ]
think can explain the personal
prcnouns In far simpler language
than that found In the grammar
books.
There are two kinds of pronouns:
(l)pronouns In the nominative case
that create the action. They are: /,
you, he, she, we. they. It. ca Pro-
nouns IN the objective case that re-
ceive the action or are acted upon.
They are: me, you, him. her, us,
them. 1t.
+ Nov note how the action Is Gre
ated by group one pronouns. and
how the group two pronours receive
the action:
He gave the books to US. bor-
rUwed d book from him. She read
the lesson TO him and me, They In
vited you and me TO the party. We
sent the pictures TO them who had
scrapb0ssis. You and ! win can on
her and aim. She and be VIII cal
On you and me.
Once the sinnplest principle Of
acting prunOunss and @acted upon
|Hunouns" Is understood. these Inn
purtaut parts 81 speech VIII no long
or cause cunfusios1.
Tne ccmm0nest error y confuG1ng
-you and r with ~yuu and M : =
usually dates frusn childh00d. Lttie
E1lbert say1 You md me- had Z
Evening star., 1949-05-24
Rsadside S&ipDer.

Nearly oil Of Us are aware Of the
roadside skipper. q little white but
teriy abundant along the roads
from early May until june. Youth
full collectors usually besin with this
butterfly. In the South there are tEc
two broods each year.
The mothers select blades Of grass
on which 10 anchor their eggs. II
the sun Is warm. smooth green ca
terpallars step out IN 10 days Al
are six manufacturers and excel
lent weavcrs. You can observe the
serious little Spinners at work. They
reach over 10 seize q blade Of grass.
BY sewing two hlades together they
have the privacy they desire. One
end ID left open. In and out n thia
door they 80 out TO chew grass.
When one room b too snug they In
crease their accommodation hy us-
ing several blades of grnas. The stIk
lined leaves ore fassened together
with very STRONG white stIk- Atez
the firzt tight skin b shed IN the
narrow quarterK the caterpillar
show up with . kin covered viii
fine EiIky haixs.
After caterpillar dayS end IN
lurse % regt oveEcnnnes tn erasI
lconsume1x They txanGfcE0 into
lchrysalid- Ihe tongus ease tip pgO.
jecttng beyund IL wing caeeA u
Evening star., 1949-05-24
Two Horses Run Wild, !,
One Lands IN Coupe
Dy - Assesisasd I rssas

cARBONDAIk. m.-Tuo horses
ran Wild in heavy tya1le and on
wound up In D conveTtihae COUPE.
The coupeS driver. Charles
Brown. .. noticed the tEo h0rses
bearing down frum the rear. .
garbage waSnn afraM Mx. Brown
puiled Ii front d the city ha1.
parked and seSAnbaed Out. On
IhOrSe vent stnshing through IL
cars ca1vas t0p.
IN Okisr hcgse dAmased Felsce
Cunlnia1tcnGr rAul HEUsnS auf0-
|mobfIs. ThGFe weSs n coss1alfles.
Int f1e damno1 usrs Ggftmafsd
|at el0o4
Evening star., 1949-05-24
Goren on BRIDGE

One of the most remarkable re-
suits ever to be obtained from an
apparently colorless hand Is re-
corded today It occurred in the
District Of Columbia championships.
Here, II ever, was an acre Of dia-
monds showing up In the back yard.
North opened the bic ling with one
club and East made the normal
overcall Of one diamond. I think
not even the purists would take is
sue with Easts action. With this
type of trump holding, no disaster
Is to be contemplated at such q low
level. An immediate problem was
posed to South. There seemed little
doubt that his side could score game
at either spades or no-trump, de-
pending upon the nature OF part
ner's holding. But In this manner
only 400-odd points could be earned
(there Is q bonus Of 800 points for
making q nonvulnerable game). In
light of East's vulnerable status,
South considered the likelihood Of
defeating the diamond contract two
tricks, which would yield q score Of
500 points. He engaged in some sim
pie arithmetic. He could count.
with reasonable dependabtlity, on
taking five tricks himself, the queen
Of diamonds and club run, two
heart tricks and at least one spade
trick. An opening bidder can nor
mAily be counted upon to develop
three tricks In defense, which added
up to eight tricks, or q two-trick
penalty. On the basis Of this call
culation he doubled and all hands
passed.
The singleton club was led and
taken by the ace. The nine Of clubs
was returned. This was an unneces-
sarily high club and In rufnng situ-
ations this Is q signal for partner to
return the higher ranking suit.
South trlmped the king Of clubs and
led the seven of spades. North won
with the ace and did not make the
mistake Of giving his partner anoth-
er club run ct this time, because ne
realized that declarer would obtain
4 discard. He, therefore, continued
with the deuce Of spades and South
;cashed the jack and the king, North
discarding the nine Of hearts. The
ace and another heart put North In
and now q club was led. East rufied
with the Jack and South over-rufed
with the queen. South then led q
SPADE and North trumped with the
ace and led another club. In this
way South could not be prevented
from taking o trick with the nine OF
diamonds. The penalty was l,l0o
points
Tomorrow,s Problem:
As South you hold:
AAJ6 0Ke7 oAK6 &AQS1
The bidding has proceeded:
West : Norsh East South
Pass Pass lspade :
What do you bid2
(copyrsght. ls4o. hy Charles H ooren.,
Evening star., 1949-05-24
I axe Ny Word for It
BY Frsnk colby

good time. didn't We, u,other7' I'll
bert!" mother exclatrns. Don't ever
say you and me had good time.
Say you and l.
So Filbert lives his whole life In
the belief that you and me" Is al
ways incorrect whereupon We hear
him say. @They invited you and l.
Mother should have explained that
you and I" create the action. and
that you and me" are acted upon,
thus: You and I bought the books
from them. They bought the books
from you and me.
Evening star., 1949-05-24
A.~~.~ 4. MAUDENEn.
Natures Children
lillisn Cor Ashsy

chrysaiid h slightly rounded resem-
bling the case Of . moth
Skippers are the least developed
OF our butterflies and reveal theis
close relationship to the moths b
their structure and habits. Becaus1
OF their jerky flight thsy have been
named shippers. They haye re3a-
tiyes IN most paxtx q the world md
mosf of the ypuns love 70 nibb,t
grais.
Evening star., 1949-05-24
Word Come
Find % or more words In
~ TN

meaning, moved eomewhat IKE
an ambiing horse" Average ID IS:
limit. 20 minutes.
Rnies---I. words mnst be Of four 81
Hsore ietsers O. wcrds which AeSutrs four
ietters - the addition Of - safh -
.esss.s srafs.s are not used 81 oniy one
form Of 8 rord d Hse4. 4. rrcper nAlss
are not used. i iist viii hs publishes
Evening star., 1949-05-24
Fred MoiI Service

& A lonesome cadet Ia the British
S1nerchant marine. who threw .
sletter overheard sealed b . bot
sfIa % Antwerp. Belgium. found
sAf1ak q reached his home ct Beck
1nhan. England. in tye days.
Evening star., 1949-05-24

score one for correct solution TO
the first Eve problems. The last
problem ccunts I'VE.
1. Which one Of the following
flowers blooms IN the spring7
Axter Giadsnius
Sweet william Zinnia
2. which oxle Of these creatures u
the most destructive 10 . farmers
corn crop7
Skunk MuxkrAt
Robin Squirrel
!. which one Of the following
types of egg n the isTeests
Frog rtkn
Ortoie Turtle
4. Which one u thee trees fssi~
any crows the fastexts
Red Oak Cottonwood
Sugar Aapis Black walnut
s. The Lilac City~ cf America b
which one OF .heAef
Reno Atlanta
Rochester. NY. Des Moines
&. This II . TYae-Fxiss prooasm.