davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
The 1887 u. S.
Loan To States

WASHINGTON = Once upon a
time-115 years ago-the federal
government had more money than
it needed. Money was tight" in the
commercial world. so Congress
authorized the Treasury Depart
ment to deposit surplus funds
with the states preserving $5.000.-
00O) beginning Jan. /, 1897. A total
of $2S, .644.91 was lent to rs
states.
/ None Of the 26 states has return
cd any part of that money. and the
government so far has made no al
tempt to collect any Of it.
/ The amount Of money advanced
was based on the proportion of re-
presentation in Congress. For
more than a century there have
been debates in Congress over the
obligation, moral and legal. of the
states to repay the money. Through
the years many persons, including
congressman and state officials,
have written the treasury depart
ment asking whether it was loaned
or given.
The law passed by congress on
June %, 1886. pledges the faith
OF the states to pay the said mon
eys and every part there of from
time to time whenever the same
shall be required for the purpose
Of defraying any wants of the pub
lie treasury. ~
When a business panic hit the
country in 1887, Congress enacted
a law postponing further deposits
of Treasury funds with the states.
This law provided, however, that
the three first installments OF
money advanced to the states re-
main on deposit with them unless
otherwise directed by Congress. ;"
Congress has never directed re-
turn Of the deposits, and the Trea-
sury cannot collect them until Sc
directed, officials say. However, the
law clearly indicates that Congress
has the power TO compel repay
ment Back in the 1S70s Democra-
tic Senator Roscoe Conkling oi
New York said the deposits with
the states could be construed as
call loans which over the years had
become in effect gifts to the states
because they had not been called.
During the Spanish American
e War it was reported that the gov
: ernment was considering demands
/. for repayment by the states to hell
e finance the war. No action was TAX
: en-. however. In 1922 Rep. William
y Andrews Or. Nebr.) introduced
resolution in the House .callin,
r the states to repay the money ant
q for use of it to finance a fedora
: bonus for World War veterans
: His measure would have requires
n the states to pay 4 per cent in
terest.
: He figured that New York, whicl
: had received S4,014,52O (M), woul
h Fay back $17.S25,000 (M) and Pen
nsylvania would contribute $l2,
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12

735.OOO (M) on s2.s67,514 (M1,
Andrews measure and other pro-
posaIs for collection of the loans
received scant support in Congress.
Mark Graves, New York state
budget director. in 1892 wrote
Secretary of the Treasury Ogden
Mills suggesting Congress take ac-
tion to forgive the Indebtedness OF
the states. He said II would help
states which were hard hit by the
depression.
Secretary Mills replied that he
didn't think it was good time for
Congress to cancel the repayment
provision Of the loans. Graves then
agreed that it might be inoppor
tune. So the deposits Of 1887 arc
legally still loans today, but as
long as the Congress doesn't direct
their repayments, they are as good
as gifts. The law carries nc pro-
vision for payment Of interest.
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
English Get Health
Plan Spare Parts

BIRMINGHAM, England tP
Five thousand persons have ap-
piled for artificial eyes under Brit
aims socialized medicine plan.
There have been 10000 applica-
tions for surgical appliances. Near
ly 10000 artificial legs have been
ordered. and 5000 supplied.
c. ]. Simmons, parliamentary
secretary of the Ministry of PEN
sions, disclosed the figures in a
speech here. The Ministry of PEN
sions handles such applications for
the Ministry of Health, which ad-
ministers the health plan.
Simmons said one application for
an artificial leg was in behalf Of
an 18-months-old boy. The child
lost his leg in an automobile acci-
dent. His name was not disclosed.
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
C0IifOriGn Doubts
Florida Bass

LA JOLI.A, Calf. - (AP) = One
more item has been added to Cali
fornia, Florida rivalry. Dr. Carl L.
Hubbs, professor of Biology at the
University of California says Flor
ida's smallmouth bass are really
largemouth bass.
The statement is made in a paper
Hubbs published with DIR. Reeve
NJ. Bailey Of the University of Mic
higan. The paper says that small
mouth bass have been planted in
Florida, but they do not do well.
and it suggests that claims of re-
cord smallmouths caught in FloTi-
da be disallowed because these fish
really are. large mouths.
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
Artificial dissemination
Is Making Progress

Artificial dissemination Of dairy
cattle, recognized as one Of the
greatest production-improyemen
aids ever developed for owners of
both small and large herds, is now
operating in every state. Nearly
two and 0ne-half million cows are
enrolled In artificial-breeding as
sOciations this year. the u. S. De-
partment Of Agriculture annOunc-
ed
Delaware is listed by the BE-
reau of Dairy as having a State
wide organization with three Op-
Grating units at the beginning Of
this year. There are S33 dairy
herds with 6.78S cows enrolled for
service in the State Cooperative.
The number Of cows bred during
1948 was Bats cows. There are 4
Holstein Sires, Guernsey Sires
and 3 Jersey Sires in the Bull Stud
of the State Cooperative available
for service to any dairyman in the
state.
The report issued by the Bu-
reau OF Dairy Industry SHOWS tnaI
almost 1000 bulls are now giving
service to 316.177 herds in 1888
artificial bre eeding g assOci-
tions throughout the nation. The
rapid growth of the program is
shown by the increase over 194S OF
1854, or 40.8 per cent, in number
Of herds. and 66s.S33. or 1874 pei
cent. in number of cows.
Artificial dissemination is the
answer to the problem of spreading
by mechanical means, the useful
ness Of outstanding bulls to large
numbers of cows. For instance. ma.
tural service may produce 25 tC
so calves year from one bull. By
artificial means it has been poss
ible to inseminate more than 10,00I
cows in a year to single bull. Th'
supply of good proved sires neces
sary to a general improvement pro
gram is far too small to allow an!
great number of dairymen to ge
the services of such bulls by ma
tural matings.
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
OVERLOOK

The w. S. C. s. of Whites Chapel
held their picnic at BrOadkill Beach
Wednesday night with a good at
tendance.
Mrs. Estella Johnson and sister
Mrs. Minnie Davidson and her
grand daughter Mary were dinner
guests at the home of MIR. and Mrs.
Norman Neff. Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Ellingsworth
were guests of Mr.. and Mrs. w. ].
Workman of RehOboth Beach, Sun
day.
Funeral services were held at
Zoar Church at 2 p. m. for Mr.
Harry Truitt a former resident of
here. He was the son of the late
Franklin B. and Ella Truitt. Inter
ment was in Whites Chapel ceme-
terry.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jacob H Richards
And Mr.. and Mrs. Paynter Rey-
nolds of near Milford were among
g number, of other guests that at
tended the Elbert n. Carvel Camp
at Fort Miles, Sunday. They were
guests at the formal dinner at g.
o'clock and other meeting held
during the day.
Mrs. Jennie Warrington of Dow
er. spent Tuesday with her cousins
Estella Johnson and Minnie David
son.
Mrs. Florence Staffer returned
from Milford Memorial Hospital
/ U,,.fdaxy vary r,,,tah fY,anrovad Oh.
had been a patient there two weeks
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
BOOSTERS Help
Fishermen

HOBART, Tasmania - (AP) -
You have to know your dogs and
roosters to go fishing off the south
east coast of Tasmania. They help
you to thread your way through
reefs close to shore.
ID. v. Button told about the help
ful dogs and roosters at a Return
ed Soldiers League Congress. lie
asked the Congress to campaign
for small lighthouse on the Tas-
manian coast. He said that if in
shore fisherman knew the bark OF
Bill Jones' dog, and the Growing of
g. few roosters, then they knew
where the reefs were.
Another speaker told how the
war veterans came into the pro-
blem. The trouble. he said, is that
young ex-servicemen fishermen dc
not know which dog is which.
-
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
Sees 10th As CGHadG'S
Century

TORONTO tAP) sThe
twentieth century is Canada's CEN
fury" says DR.. Bernard X. Sandwich
well-known author and educator.
"Canada's Industrial and agricul-
tural achievements have establish
ed her as a vital economic reseT-
voir of the western democraclcs,'
DR.. SaEdwell said. Her political
stature to maintain a degree of un-
ity among her diverse population
which affords to the world a shin
ing example of mutual fairness and
tolerance"
DR.. Sandwell. editor-in-chief o.
Saturday Night" spoke at cere-
monies marking the Issuance of &
/ special Canadian edition OF the
/ Encyclopedia Americana.
-<s,--
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12
BIG PINE.

Mr.. and Mrs. Bruce Bowdle of
Seaford visited Mr.. and Mrs. II. l..
Bowdle Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira WoOters called
on MIR. and Mrs. d. n. Hopkins sun
day evening"
Farmers in this section are busy
harvesting their lima bean crop.
Miss Louise Beauchamp Wis ted
Mrs. Wade Elliott Sunday evening.
Mr.. William Bowdle and Mrs.
Della Hall CT Wilmington are visit
ing Mr.. and Mrs. H. l. Bowdle.
Parker and Hughes are running
their factory for tomatoes this
week.
Mr.. anG Mrs. Fred Pierce and
daughter of Phila.. visited his sis
ter Mrs. Violet Beauchamp on Mon
day.
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12

Charles Lindbergh's famed
flight to Paris in 1927 took SO ho-
urs and 80 minutes.
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12

The percentage OF family income
spent on meat ranges from 5.3 to
6.6.
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12

all those fine car features : all the power and
economy that comes with Chevrolet ownership.
So hold out for the best and get your sure
reward of unmatched driving satisfaction. Make
Americas choice your choice. Choose Chevrolet
for the most beautiful buy of all!
Milford chronicle., 1949-08-12

About As per cent of the corn
crop is feed to hogs.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
Welfare State
Defended AT
Labor Convention

New Haven, Conn. (ILNS)-The
attitude of some of our elderly
statesmen" who charge that Amer
lea is moving toward mass slavery
in a vehicle known as the welfare
state" was assailed here by Charles
M. La Toilette, national director
of Americans for Democratic Ac-
ton.
Speaking before the Connecticut
State Federation of Labor conven-
ton, La Toilette advocated a well
fare state providing equality of
opportunity.
As supporters Of such a welfare
state he listed the Fair Deal rep
resentatives in Congress, Ameri-
cans for Democratic Action, labor
and "enlightened liberal political
leaders,"
La Toilette asserted that al
though propagandists attempt to
identify the term with subversive
theology, welfare state" implies a
governmental duty to regard the
popular interest as paramount and
an obligation to enlarge individual
freedom and security.
He added "the welfare state is
what we have been striving for
since 1871"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
LOOK WHO SPEAKS
FOR SMALL BUSINESS

Washington (LPA)-All of the
opposition so far aired in Senate
hearings on plugging the loop
holes in the Clayton antitrust law
has been in the name of "small
business. Here are the outfits that
have claimed to speak for the
little businessmen:
Illinois Manufactures Associa-
ton, a branch of the NAM.
Pennsylvania Manufacturers As
sociation, another NAM branch.
Commerce and Industry Associa-
tion of New York.
Rep. Celler, Cd, N. ", chair
man of. the House Judiciary Com
exposed the hoax the Com
merce and Industry Association
was trying to perpetrate in speak
ing for small business. Looking
down the list of directors, he found
officials of Socony Vacuum, Guar
antee Trust, Bowery Savings Bank,
Consolidated Edison, Pan-Americ-
can Always, N. Y. Telephone Co.,
Sterling Drug, and many other
"small business" spokesmen in
US Steel.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
Cleveland Bank
Backs Operators
Lewis DiscIoses

Washington (LPA)-They may
be called Southern" coal operators,
but the chief Dixie culprit singled
out by United Mine Workers Pres
ident John L. Lewis for holding
out on payment to the miners Wei
fare Fund is bossed by the Cleve-
land Trust Co.
The miners chief continued his
coal war against the operators as
new negotiations for contracts
opened in Bluefield and White Sui
phur Springs, w. Va, with south
ern, northern and western opera
tors.
Lewis followed up previous
"When will you remit ?" ultimatum
to President James d. Francis of
Island Creek Coal Co. by a tele
gram to Board Chairman |. F.
Freiberger, of the Cleveland Trust
Co., big Ohio bank which admin
listers the Holden estate, owners
of two major mining outfits in
West Virginia.
"The non-payment of these mon
les will create a tragic crisis"
Lewis warned the banker, "in the
affair of thousands of dependent
women and minor children and
many more thousands of i'll and in a
jured men, whose maintenance anC,
care depend upon allow
ances from the welfare fund"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
TIL AUTHOR KNEES CO.oPS

Washington (LPA) - The Lea
que Reporter, publication of
Labor's League for Political Edu-
cation, the AFL's political arm,
dug up an interesting coincidence
the other day.
Top capital lobbyist for the Ma
tional Tax Equality Assn, the out
fit that spends its time and money
fighting the farm cooperative
movement, is Gerald ID. Morgan
the Reporter discovered, then re-
called something else:
The man who blandly told the
House Labor Committee last March
that he was paid $500 by the Re
publican National Committee to
draft the Taft Hartley act was
none other than the same Gerald
ID. Morgan.
"This is just another example to
prove that the enemies Of the farm
er and the city worker are the
same persons" the Reporter con-
cluded.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
INDIA SETS MINIMUM PAY

Washington, d. C. 0LNS). -
The Times of India says that the
labor department of the Central
Provinces has set up a minimum
wage scale for workers in most in
dustrial establishments, ranging
from 40 cents a day in the trans
port industries to so cents in the
glass industry. Women workers
are to get about 7 cents a day less.
In Nagpur and Jubbulpore the
rates are about 9 cents more a day
than in the other divisions.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
Maritime Union
Votes Amend ment
Barring Comreds

New York (LPA)-Delegates to
the seventh biennial convention of
the Natl Maritime Union voted
4O5 to 1913 to amend the union con-
stitution to bar Communists and
Nazis from being accepted as
members.
Hardly had the vote been count
ed however, before proposal to
further amend the constitution to
Gust Communists and Nazis now
members failed to get the two
thirds majority an amendment re-
quires, although many more than
half of those present favored.
According to some critics, this
amendment too might have been
approved had it not been coupled
with still third proposal barring
the distribution of literature sland-
ering or discrediting the NMU, it's
members or its officials. Some
We're persuaded that this final mea-
SuiC ihiSht pave ItS way w OuC-
right gag rule.
The approved amendment ban
ming acceptance of Communists
and Nazis must now be voted upon
by the NMU membership in a re-
ferendum,,
Union President Joseph Curran
said that the convention minority's
success in defeating the second
proposal to oust subversive ele-
ments now belonging to the union
meant that the membership would
have no chance to vote on that
question.
After being beaten on two pre-
mature motions the first day of the
h g anti-Communist
of Curran easily gained
control of the convention. With
much of the conventions business.
accomplished, the anti-Curranites
have scored but one point-the de-
feat of the second of the proposed
amendments.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
Union Lost Vote But Pldnt
Must Bdrgdin Bodrd Rules

Atlanta (LPA) )-Ihe Natl LABOR
Relations oBard has ordered Joy
Silk Mills of Hartsville, S. c., to
bargain collectively with the United
Textile Workers of America, AFL,
despite loss by the union of two re-
presentation elections, Jose ep h
Jacobs, the UTW's southern direct
or, announced here.
The NLRB ruled the company so
coerced and intimidated employees
that free election was impossible
and said there was plenty of evid-
ence that the union actually repre-
sented a majority of the workers.
The company was ordered to "cease
and desist" all unfair practices and
was told to start bargaining within
10 days.
Juiciest example of unfair prac-
tice was a list of 28 questions
which the Joy Silk attorney asked
employees to fill out while he was
preparing a defense against the
unfair practice charge brought by
the UTW. The union challenged 10
of the questions as being beyond
the limits of employer interference
allowed under the Taft Hartley
act. The board agreed with the
union on eight.
The eight were:
"Did you cast your vote at the
election solely according to your
personal views concerning whether
you desire the union to represent
you and without any fear or
threats after your job and future
with the company and without be-
ing influenced in any respect by
promises Of future benefits by the
company?
"Did you consider that these
speeches or the statements and
notices posted on the bulletin board
were threats or promises of bene-
fits to influence your vote against
the union?
"What do you consider to be the
purpose of signing the union card ,?
"Did you consider yourself a
member of the union when you
signed the card?
"At the time you signed the
card did you pay any fee money
for membership or other dues in
the union?
did you agree to the future
payment of initiation, membership
or other fees to the union?
"Did you terminate your connec-
tion with the union at any time
after you signed the card?
IF so, for what reason did you
terminate?"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
Cotton Pickers'
Strike Growing;
$4,000 Are Out

Washington (LPA)-The strike
of 10000 union cotton pickers ir
the California fields may spread to
the southern cotton belt unless
southern employers pay the wages
pickers expect and need, H. L.
Mitchell, president of the Nat'l
Farm Labor Union-AFL, announc-
ed at the unions office here.
The California strike was preci-
pitated by slashes of so cents to a
dollar per hundred pounds in pick
ing wages, Mitchell said. Southern
planters are trying to get away
with similar cuts, he added.
Last year, California cotton
growers paid three to four dollars
a hundred pounds. In a meeting at
Fresno on August 26, the San
Joaquin Valley Labor Bureau, an
agency of the notorious Associated
Farmers of California, abruptly
set the rate for the 1949 crop at
$3.50.
The bureau refused to listen SER
iously to a delegation of workers
who presented a demand for $3.50
signed by 10000, Mitchell disclos-
ed The workers then struck, and
the Natl Farm Labor Union asked
the California Mediation & Concil-
iation Service to settle the dispute.
The state agency has been unsuc-
cessful so far.
Mitchell said that an important
factor in the dispute is the off-the-
record agreement concluded recent
ly by the US and Mexican nation
ais can be imported" to work on
farms for a minimum of so cents
an hour. The so cents works out to
about $3.50 a hundred pounds for
picking cotton, and Mitchell report
ed that the cotton growers expect
the US Employment Service to
bring in Mexicans to replace the
strikers.
Mitchell said that few of the
California farmers, pinch
ed by the strike, already have met
the workers demands. Meanwhile,
the farm labor union has a plane
flying over the cotton fields of
Tulare county to spot areas being
worked by scabs. The plane is
equipped with a public address sys-
tenn, and when it flies low union
can spread the union
to the unorganized pick
ers.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
FaireY Share OF
National Income
Advocated By Frey

st. Paul, Mimi. (LPA)-A sound
economy in this country requires a
fairer distribution of the national
income to labor-so declared John
P. Frey, veteran chief of the AFL
Metal Trades Department, at the
opening of the Departments an
nual convention here Sept. &c.
In a report to the delegates,
Frey insisted that major weak
ness Of the economy is the fact
that workers have received an
economically unsound share of the
national wealth created"
He submitted figures underlining
his contention: From 1889 to 1948,
corporate profits, after taxes, shot
up 302 per cent; income of unin-
corporated businesses, 317 per
cent; income of farm operators,
304 per cent By contrast, average
hourly earnings Of workers rose
only 107 per cent in that period,
Frey said.
The Metal Trades leader also ap-
pealed for stronger machinery to
settle jurisdictional disputes.
"The trade union structure in
which we live would be more effec-
tive in advancing labor's interests
if some of the conditions leading to
jurisdictional disputes could be re-. /
he declared.
Every step taken in our move
ment to adjust jurisdictional dis
putes must be encouraged. The
energies expended in serious
jurisdictional dispute, if applied to
the unorganized, would
bring outstanding returns"
Frey termed Moscow's aggres-
sion "the greatest menace to world
peace and the outstanding obstacle
to economic recovery in the Allied
but he declared that
Russian Communism "has reached
its high tide" and from now on isl
likely to recede.
He hailed the formation Of new
of free trade unions
as a serious blow to the Commun-
ist movement and to the Red :
dominated World Federation of
Trade Unions.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
School Construction And Health
Bills Added To Senufe Calendar

Washington (LPA) - The Sen
ate faces speedup in the coming
week, as majority leader Scoot
Lucas Cd, Ill., pushed for quick
action on the arms aid bill, and the
Democratic policy committee add
ed two and perhaps three labor
backed bills to the "must" list for
this session of Congress.
Already on the docket for action
during the week of Sept. 26 are
the compromise farm price pro-
gram bill and an attempt to blast
out of the Judiciary Committee a
bill to liberalize terms under which
European displaced persons can
enter the US.
The three new bills that may get
Senate votes before the end of the
session are:
1.-The school construction bill,
providing for $5,OO0,OO0 worth of
surveys of state and local school
building needs an emergency aid
to areas where the population has
been greatly increased by federal
military contracts or installations.
2-The medical personnel train
ing bill, one point of President
Truman's health program, which
would aid schools in training more
doctors, nurses and other health
service workers. This measure is
supported by proponents of the
national health insurance program
as essential groundwork to any
adequate program of medical care
for every American.
3-Perhaps, the fair employment
practice bill. This measure has al
ready been approved by a Senate
Labor subcommittee, and is ex-
pected to come before the full
committee for an okay on Sept. %.
Meanwhile, the House has re-
turned from three-week "vaca-
tion".
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-29
L. A. GUILD SLAMS COMMIES

Los Angeles (LPA) - The Los
Angeles Newspaper Guild, with
out a dissenting vote, approved
four moves to back national CIO
policy. The Guild voted to affiliate
with the California-National PAC:
to take no part in the coming con-
vention of the anti-State Council;
to stop monthly donations to the
State Council; to move to disaffili-
ate from the State Council.