davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-05-15
sports shirts. For mems robes, the preference
for wool was overwhelming.

The amount of time spent in today's
school on the three RS is more than four
times as great as it was a hundred years
ago." says Secretary Owens of the Nation
al Education association. Children read
more rapidly. They read with greater I'M
derstanding. In the schools of our grand
fathers, one basic reader was often the
only reading text It is not unusual in the
better schools of today for a pupil to read
% to 80 books during his first year."
In 1850 fully 70 percent of the energy
for work in the U. S. was supplied by horses,
10 percent by manpower and only 6 per-
cent by machines. In 1900 the percentages
were 81 for horsepower, 38 for machines
and 10 for manpower. In 1890 about "a per-
cent of the energy was supplied by ma
chimes, II percent by horses and 4 percent
by men. 1t is estimated that by 1860, fully
20 percent of the energy will be supplied
by machines.
Of the total of as. l42. 900 bushels of
wheat stored in all positions in Montana
on April l, approximately 10000, 900 bush
els were under the federal loan and pur-
chase agreement program. Current wheat
storage In the state is the second largest
on record, being exceeded only in 1943.
Bushelage of barley in storage April | was
estimated at 1876, 900, compared with s.
323, 900 a year ago.
Market observers expect wheat prices
to drop below loan levels when harvest gets
fully under way. Growers who have insult
ficient storage facilities that will meet gov
eminent specifications may nave to accept
considerably less than 80 percent of parity
prices on their free" wheat. Now is the
time to provide for adequate storage.
New sunflower varieties are attracting
attention as a source of vegetable oil. Dwarf
types are being developed at the North
Dakota experiment station that are only
two and one-half feet tall, carry one bloom
to the stalk and can be harvested with a
combine equipped with special attachments.
Unless you are sure the cows that
furnish your family's milk do not have
Bangs disease, pasteurize the milk. Farm
families can get undulant fever Just as
easily as city families. And it's a mighty
unpleasant disease to have.
Wheat flour is one of the best as well
as one of the least expensive sources of food.
In America as well as in European nations
bread is the food most commonly used to
supplement ~calories supplied by more ex-
pensive types of food.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-05-15
Montana Farmer-StOckman

-coVEHS Ut AND NORTHERN
OFFICE: III 4h st. N. Great Falls. Montana.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
FARMERS STOCK YARDS
Accident, Maryland

Light run, prices higher on veal
and hogs. All other grades steady.
Horses, 300 to 2.15 cwt.
Bulls, per cWt., good to choice, n.
to 1860; medium to good, 1910 to
1850; common to medium, 400 to
1870.
Steers, per cwt., good to choice
1910 to 22.90; medium to good, 1850
to 1900; common to medium, 14.10
to 1900.
Cows, per cwt., good to choice,
14.l0 to 1870; medium to good, 1900
to 1890; common to medium, 1880 to
lilo; by the head, 10000 to 10000.
Heifers, per cwt., good to choice,
1910 to 21.25; medium to good, 1890
to 1890; common to medium, 1910 to
1890; Heiferettes, 14.l0 to 1870.
Veals, per cwt., good to choice, 30.
to $500; medium to good, $3.50 to
2S.75; common to medium. 1000 to
23.75; Gull veal, 1880 to 1915.
Hogs, 21.90 to $3.50 cwt.; Sows, Is.
to 22.10 cwt.; Pigs and Shoats, 7.G0
to 100 head.
Ewes. $50 to 1000 cwt.; Lambs,
2210 to $3.50 cwt.; Goats, 500 to
SIS head.
Chickens, heavy hens, 1S12c to 25c
h.; heavy broilers. 25c to 35c b.;
leghom hens, 15l2c to 1S12c h.; leg
horn broilers, zoe to 2312c lib.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
GORTNER

Pastors Ralph Bowman, of Eglon,
and Cecil Dunson, Of Terra Alta,
we're the ministers at Sundays wor-
ship, giving discourses on God Gives
the Increase" and For His Sake"
The Sunday School contributed $20.0
Tor Brethren budget
Evangelist and Mrs. Keller, of
Lebanon, Pa; Pastor Zenas Melotte
and Mrs. Cecil Snyder were visiting
Mr.. and Mrs. Dan Lichty. The Lichtys
and Snyders attended pastor Keller's
revival at Swallow Falls.
Misses Debbie and Mary Jordon, of
Cleveland, o., spent a night with
Miss Lydia Schrock.
Mr.. and Mrs George Yutzy and
Mrs Addie Bowman, Mr.. and Mrs.
Henry Swartzentruber and son spent
Wednesday evening at the home Of
S. W. Slabach.
Misses Grace Lichty, Mary Carver,
Matte Shelter, spent the weekend
at Grantsville with Miss Lichty's Sis
ter, Mrs. Yoder.
Mrs. Barbara Beachy and daugh-
ter Rosie, Mr.. and Mrs. Alvie Beachy
and son Glenn, Mr.. and Mrs. Ezra
Beachy and family, of Meyersdale,
were visiting relatives and friends
Sunday
Guests of Mr. and Mrs. Woodrow
Jackson, were Mr.. and Mrs. Herbert
Tasker, Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Smith and
daughter, Patty, Of Mt. Lake Park.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Ssk, Mrs.
George Lohr, Nelson and Richard
Swartzentruber. Flora, Ernest and
Billy Swiger, Nancy White, Donald
WEIGH, Margaret and Carl Lohr, Ada,
Carol and Ruby Jackson spent Sun
day afternoon at Hemlock Hollow.
They were accompanied home by
Nina Lohr, who spent the summer
there and has now entered State col
lege at Frostburg. Basil Lucas, of
Pittsburgh, was weekend guest at
Hemlock Hollow. The Yells from the
Hollow are returning to New Mexico
this week.
Mrs. Noah Schrock and son Simon
accompanied the Yells to Parsons on
Tuesday.
Mr. and Mrs. VIII WEIGH enter
tanned Mrs. Icie Metheny and Mrs.
Darwin Sisler and family with a din
ner one day last week
Mrs. D. L. Swartzentruber and
daughters, Betty and Harriet. Mary
and Ross Lichty, Mrs. Fannie Stutz-
man, Messers Dan Lichty and Dan
Byler attended the Miller reunion at
Grantsville on Monday.
Miss Leah Beachy visited Mr.. and
Mrs D. J. Swartzentruber on Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Merle Swartzentruber,
Of Canton. O., were home for the Holt
days.
Messers Harold and Edward Wot-
ring and families, Of Ohio, and Mr..
and Mrs. Guy Sanders, of Fairmont,
spent the weekend at the home of
Walter Schlossnagle.
Delbert Swartzentruber recently
wrecked his car enroute to Canton,
O., after a visit here.
Sunday guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Har-
old White were Mr.. and Mrs. Gay
Rembold and children, Keyser, and
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Wotring, of
Aurora.
Mrs. Harry Beeghly is with her
mother, Mrs. Sisler, in Oakland, who
is criticallyill.
Miss Elinor Schlossnagle and Mr..
and Mrs. Albert Sisk attended corn
roast at John Bechtels, Red House.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
BITTINGER

Rev. and Mrs. A. C. CurTan and
daughter, Ruth Ellene, OF Broolville,
Pa, visited friends here a couple OF
days last week. Rev. Curran was for
merry pastor Of the Lutheran church
here
Mrs. Clyde Broadwater, Of Lanark,
ILL.,, was a guest of Mr.. and Mrs.
Lawrence Brenneman last week.
Miss Louise Rune returned to
Philadelphia last week after having
spent few days with her father, Rev.
G. II. Rune.
Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Nesline and
son and Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Wilson,
all of near Baltimore, spent last week
at the home Of Mrs. Nesline'S parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence Bucket.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Cope, of
Cumberland, spent the holiday week
end with Mrs. Cope's parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Herbert Bucket.
Robert Stanton, Z. 5. Navy, To-
Gated at the Naval Hospital, Bethes-
da visited his parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Melvin Stanton, recently.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Bittinger, of
Reisterstown, spent the weekend
with relatives here.
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Beachy and
family, Cresaptown; Mr. and Mrs.
I Earl Beachy and family, Springs, Pa;
Mr. and Mrs. Lester Kelso and fam
lily, of near Accident. and Miss Agnes
Gates, Meyersdale, Pa, were guests
of Mr.. and Mrs. Oliver Beachy on
Sunday.
Mrs. C. H. Rune returned to her
home after having spent several
weeks in Philadelphia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Naylor Glotfelty and
family, Addison, Pa; Mr.. and Mrs.
Francis Eisel and family, Frostburg;
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bevans and
daughter, Arlington, Va; Mr.. and
Mrs. Cecil Brenneman and daughter,
of Grantsville; Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Kelley and family, Washington, D.
c., and Mr.. and Mrs Ben Long, of
Greensburg, Pa. were entertained at
the home Of Mrs. Agnes Brenneman
during the holiday weekend.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Bethel made
business trip to Cumberland last
Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. L. Emory and
daughter Mary Jane, were shopping
in Meyersdale, on Friday.
The Bittinger baseball team played
a game with the Keysers Ridge team
last Sunday afternoon. The score was
8 to 6 in favor of Keysers Ridge.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
Surprise Shower Held

A surprise shower and serenade
was given in honor Of Mr.. and Mrs.
Earl Kitzmiller on Thursday evening.
August 25, at the home Of Mr.. and
Mrs. J. +. Ktzmiler. Among the
eighty-five guests were Mr.. and
Mrs. Earl Kitzmller, Mr.. and Mrs.
Elmer Kitzmiller and family, Mr.. and
Mrs. Alon2o Kitzmiller and grand
daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. Carl kit
miller and family, Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph
Leighton and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs.
Edgar Hardesty and daughter. Mr..
and Mrs. Porter Jordan and daugh-
teIs. Mr.. and Mrs. J. f. Kitzmller,
Mrs. Henry Campbell and daughters,
Mr.. and Mrs. James Sanders and
family, Thayer Sanders, Junior Sail
ders, Mr.. and Mrs. Randall Jordan
and daughter, Mrs. Carl Sines and
children, Rev. and Mrs. Haupt and
family, Homer Meats, and Miss Jean
Hickman, all of Oakland.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hobert Harvey and
family, Mr.. and Mrs. James Cover
and family, Randall Harvey, Mrs.
Ashful King, Mr.. and Mrs. Walter
Hamill and daughters, Mr.. and Mrs.
Fredlock Shenk and family, Deer
Park; Mr.. and Mrs. William Conway,
Jr., and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs,
Charles King and family, Mrs. Helen
and Stella Lendansky, Roman Ches-
kowich, Bunola, Pa; Harold Bland,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
Conference Being Held

The Evangelical United Brethren
annual conference is being held this
week in Clarksburg, W Va, with J.
B. Showers, DID, LID, presiding
bishop, in charge. T. L. Miles, ID,
is superintendent and Rev. Clarence
d. Edmun is host pastor.
Attending are representatives, of
publishing houses and general Off
GERS, pastors and their lay delegates
from various parishes in the confer
ences including Rev. George Simp-
son, Mt Lake Park.
Pastors will be assigned and re-
assigned by the stationing committee
on Friday, just prior to adiomnment
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08

Take the lower, level mid Ship Ride the power
of new V-8 or Six engines the "feel' of Hydra
Coil" and "Para-Flex' Springs =. the $3.50 easier
magic Action" Brakes. Add the many other firsts
of the Fashion Car of the Year" and you'll see why
you should be ordering your Ford
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
Claim Fish Poisoned

The Cumberland News of last Fri
day carried a photograph of some
small mouth bass and suckers which
Regional Game Warden Joseph Minke
said we're poisoned by acid pollution
in the Noughiogheny river mean
Tricndsyillc. Ninke and Game Ward
en- Lloyd Cook took the fish from the
river Friday.
NInkc reported the pollution comes
from a coal mine near Crcllin, a half
mile from the state line in West Viz
qinia. The fish were stocked by the
Pennsylvania Fish commission in
Youch Dam. Officials Of three states
have been informed that the stream
from the FriendSville bridge to the
West Virginia state line is unfit for
fish life. lIinke said State Senator
Neil Flaley had requested investiga-
ton by the Maryland Stream Pollu-
tion commission. Henry Schlipp, cngi-
neer. took samples Of the water to be
analyzed in Baltimore, he said.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
Hurt in Truck Accident

Hayward F. Broadwater, SO, of
Grantsville, and Joseph Hilton, &c. of
Canton, o, were injured in a truck
accident last Sunday, and are patients
in Memorial hospital, Cumberland,
where they were reported in good
condition.
Broadwater was reported to have
suffered possible chest injuries,
decorations of the face and shock
Hilton suffered possible back and
hand injuries.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08
To Assist in Campaign

Community chairmen in this coun-
ty will help in the emergency polio
fund drive being conducted through
out the nation this week, it has been
announced
Funds are being sought because Of
the large number Of cases Of infantile
paralysis reported this year.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08

McHenry; Jack Crunkleton, Hagers-
town; Mr.. and Mrs Clifford Rell and
daughter. of Gormania.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08

A guarded shipment of jewelry
worth $4,000 disappeared from an
airplane between Paris and the Ba-
hamas.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-09-08

Drive Of demonstrators and see for yourself
how Ford Overdrive smooths your ride. Your
engine speed actually drops 300 without any drop
in road speed. For example, while your cars road
speed stays at so mp.h. your engine speed drops to
35 m.p.h. in Overdrive. This actually adds to engine
Evening star., 1949-10-16

rvn. in STARS OVER HOLLYWOOD. css, Every so'urdoy
Evening star., 1949-10-16

Dial not only promises you complete
oper-aH freshness round the clock-DIAL
guarantees it For DIAL with odorless ATT
removes the major cause of perspiration
odor-doesn't merely "oover-up." ATT
is the only ingredient known to keep-its
antiseptio power effective in soap. DIAL
does not stop healthful perspirasion but
does stop odor, SO your clothes stay clean
Evening star., 1949-10-16
monev Back Guarantee

ee keep fresh round the clock fact the DIAL the longer
lasting build for yourself
Company West Street. Chicago Illinois The full purchase
Never before could make this
Evening star., 1949-10-16
GUARANTEED to keep you fresh round the clock
because DIAL removes skin bacteria
that cause perspration odor! -"

smelling, too. And DIAL smells good
not strong, not sissy: It's light, clean
fragrance you'll like.
Complexion proteeiionl Mild, kind
DIAL is rich -lathering and thorough
cleansing perfect for eomplexions, too.
Use Dial and you need only this one soap
in the bathroom. DIAL is large hard :
milled bar that lasts long, long time! !!
Evening star., 1949-03-24
201yQrd q mezv standard

In ~ ssw q rpm Wctroa system, RCA Victor sincerely
believes that standard In performance and value has been
ssabNshed new standard that unmatched BY any other
record Or record player Available the public at this tms
We believe firmly that this IS genuine new standard and that
Dc record business bigger tan any company In recent
webs ~ therefore have shown te Vcola system 10 ths
Evening star., 1949-03-24

entire industry, record we instrument manufacturer The
results of ten years Of development and research together with
buepnts and technical knowledge have been offered them
for their use at no charge
We firmly convinced that the 4s rpm system will be the
criterion for standardization in the future. We equally
that the public will cooborate this belief For the system Of
record and player BUILT TO GO TOGETHER will deliver
better music, to more people, 1t les cost!
Evening star., 1949-03-24
6. Is it easier to operate?

6. Is it easier to operate?
Yes Stack up to ten records on the changer spindle and
YOU can enjoy more than so minutes of playing time
without touching the record player. With only
reversal of the records you get one hour and forty
minutes of just the music you want No forced combna-
tons; you have complete freedom of selection.
7. Is the new system more economical?
Yes! is possible to produce better record at less
cost Nonbreakable and made of the finest vny plastic,
it has longer playing life than conventional records-up
to 10 times as ong Their smalness and ghtness enable
speed and economy in distribution Your savings in
record costs will more than Offset the moderate price
of the As rpm player attachment sefcontaned unit
Evening star., 1949-03-24

TIL . n. connect automatic pusn with which ENJOY
The ne Is rom through present
r,o or evson eonbnation The h s ss hessr fses e
b.~ n.l r .. .s sieks tsssds HHCt 6@ vida w.
eM 7 Ose ooi AC Qhs standard e"''ss
There viii also be complete table console models all beautiful
Evening star., 1949-03-24
cHMSzVerS TO y0Mr questions

1. Does the new 45 rpm system make my present
ventiona record player and records obsolete?
No! RCA Victor will continue to produce conventional
records in all musical categones And will continue
improve this 78 rpm product, giving you the benefit Of
every technical advance that physically possible to in
corporate into the conventional record system.
;. Does the system work with my present conven-
tional phonograph radio?
Yes! The compact inexpensive pugn player unit illus
ated this page easily attaches to your radio, phono
sraph, OF televison combination.
3. Is there an improvement in tone quality?
Yes! Here is music clear brilliant live almost beyond
belief! This achieved through unique combination of
factors the 45 rpm speed recording only in the quality
zone the absence of surface noe the ghtness of the
tone arm.
1. How else Is the new record better?
The new records smaller nonbreakabe light weight
They are all the same size! Their special shoulders"
eliminate surface They be stored conveniently
in any bookcase almost $50 records fit on one foot
Of shelf. Albums are small, and dustproof.
8. Is the new record-changer an improvement?
Yes! 1t is fooproo quick, sent The simple mechanism
works inside the SPINDLE Time lapse between records Is
only few seconds 1t damage records. And no
needle to change; uses the famous RCA Victor Silent
Sapphire" permanent point pickup.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-02-01
By JESSE GREEN

veloped a somewhat revolutionary
type of tractor. This tractor took ON
new lines, which still persist today.
1t had a compact design, with the
motor and transmission built into
one rigid assembly. 1t had a rela-
lively high speed motor with all
gears and bearings inclosed in hous-
ings. This. tractor was a long step
over its cumbersome predecessor. 1t
soon failed, however, but the good
it did lived on.
Later companies copied closely the
idea and after many attempts put
more power into compact tractors
with inclosed parts, and profited by
the plan. Thus after one step and
then another we have power revolu-
tionizing agriculture.
Tillage Implements
New means of applying power to
farming operations is now going on
at a rapid rate.
In the history of all machines,
they have begun by operating along
straight lines or by a reciprocating
motion. Sooner or later the same
work is done with rotary motion.
For example the milestone was
changed to a rotating grinding
wheel, the saw into a circular saw,
pumps into rotary pumps, and 10 on
with all the machines we use.
The moldboard pillow, good as it is,
is fast being replaced by various ro-
tating disc types of plows. The old
fashioned horse drawn disc pillow
had many advantages but has given
way to the high speed disc pillow.
They too will be displaced in the
near future by disc. blades that are
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-02-01
The Agricultural Revolution
NeaU Tools, Crops and Methods Promise Unlimited Future

power driven. In that case the power
of the engine will be applied directly
to turning the soil without having
to be transmitted through the point
of contact of the tractor wheels
with the ground in exerting a trac-
tive effort.
The losses IN power in develop
ing traction is still the biggest handi-
cap to power farming. In this revolu-
ton power will eventually be ap-
piled to the work without having to
use the tractive pull, and to do this
tillage implements will be rotary
and power driven.
Harvesting Machines
1t seems only a short time since
some were saying that the combine
harvester would not work. These
machines were slow in coming, but
have finally arrived in many de-
signs and in a great degree of per-
lection. The beet harvester had a
much more rapid growth. A neces-
sity for labor produced an invention
as it always does.
In the hay harvest we leave the
wagon and hay rack behind and pro-
coed with the power buck rake, the
field bailer, the hay chopper, or even
dry the green hay right off the
sickle. In any event we seldom use
our own strength on tons and tons
of hay.
determination
Wherever we turn we find new
machines and the need for more. We
r only part way in the process OF
me~chanization. The greatest poten-
tial development along these lines
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-02-01

For many more centuries the pillow, still the
chief agricultural tool. remained little moro
than a variation of the forked stick. Then. only
n little more than 100 years ago. came the steel
pillow. the tool that conquered the western
plains.
Not until the turn of the Goth century did prac-
tical tractors that marked the first application
of mechanical power TO the pillow develop. Such
tractors were heavy and cumbersome but they
pioneered The way for the versatile. modern,
rubber tired unit. which has taken over almost
all farm operations. Use Of tractor on farms
has increased more in the last 10 years than in
any other period in history.
Photos Courtesy of the J. I. Case Co.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-02-01
Early Tractors

AS this dramatic series of pictures illustrates.
man has made great progress in the application
of power to his farming operations. The sig
nificant point of this progress. however. is that
in all the centuries from prehistoric man and
his use of the forked stick TO stir the soil the
application of mechanical power dates back
only so years and the greatest development has
come in just the last decade.
Untold centuries elapsed before the forked
stick welded or pulled by manpower alone
developed into the crude pillow drawn by oxen.
This marked the first and greatest step. for
man had now learned TO utilize sources of
power other than his own.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-02-01

viii be in increased speed. The speed
of the horse has been doubled or
trebled in the field, and multiplied
by 10 on the road. We may look for
machines with greater speed in the
fields, which will give the machine
and its operator a proportionately
greater capacity. This means more
food and more clothes at decreased
cost to us all. =
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-02-01

EARLY in the 18th century manu-
- featuring and commerce de-
veloped with a new impetus in Eng
land and Europe. Water power was
first employed in the textile indus
try, and later, 1859, the steam engine
took over. At the same time new
developments were made in the pro-
duction of iron, and we designate
the period as the beginning of the
Industrial Revolution.
In agriculture parallel conditions
have been and are taking place, and
we may call. this period the "Agri-
cultural Revolution" AS in the in
dustries this period begins with APP
plication of power to agriculture.
There has been a long struggle to
apply power to farming. Those who
do not know the past will not realize
the difficulties encountered, or the
losses sustained. The first steam
tractors used to break the sod
usually broke their owners also. The
same was largely true with the first
internal combustion engines. The
fault in these machines was their
lack of compactness, and failure to
provide dust proof gears and bear
ings.
Early Tractors
In 1907 an Iowa company made a
successful farm tractor. 1t was a
crude affair as we know tractors to-
day, but it did develop power with
which to farm the land. Several
other gas tractors were made soon
after this time. Most of the builders
of steam threshing engines made {
try at gas tractor design.
One newly organized concern de-
AS this dramatic series of pictures j
man has made great progress in the a