davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-08-05
Fortress Of Chanqsha
Falls, Aiding Drive
Of Reds on Canton
BY the Associotsd Press

CANTON, Aug. 5.-The fortress
of Changsha fell to the Reds to.
day and credible report of Ma.
tionalist army revolt on that from
may mean that the road to Can.
ton soon will be almost wide open
Loss of Changsha, 365 miles tt
the north, was bad news enough
for the Nationalists. But the Reds
in another lunge southeast OF
Changsha were only 215 miles from
this refugee capital.
Both these reversals were ad.
mitted officially.
Unofficial, but credible, report!
said Gen. Chen Ming jew. new gov
ernor of Human province, had re.
volted.
Arrest Is Ordered.
Gen. Chen only recently replaced
Gen. Cheng Chen. The govern
ment charges Cheng fled from
Changsha and went over to the
Reds Monday. The government Or
dered Cheng's arrest, accusing him
of trying to arrange local peace
with the communists.
The unofficial accounts said
Gen. Chen, close friend of his
predecessor, also went over to the
Reds, taking at least one OF his
three armies with him. His armies
totaled 10000 men.
Detection of the Human general
would create a serious situation
1t conceivably could compel Gen.
Pal Chung-hsi, the commander in
the south, to withdraw his troops
southwestward into Kwangsi Prov
ince. This would leave the road
to Canton open for a swift and
easy Communist advance.
The revolt of the two generals
would explain why the Reds have
been shadow boxing on the Chang
sha front lately. They were wait
ing for an easier way into Chang
sha, whose natural defenses stood
up against repeated japanese as
sault during the war.
Close Friend of Chang.
Gen. Cheng formerly was chief
of China's general staff. He was
q close friend and associate OF
Chang Kai-shek.
A Nationalist announcement
said the defenders of Changsha
Withdrew in good order last night
before the Reds entered the city.
The closest Red approach to
Canton. however. came on the
northeast. The Communists
made a 25-mile advance south
Of newly captured Suichwan.
which Is 240 miles northeast OF
Canton.
The official Central News
Agency said Nationalist bombers
were actively supporting ground
forces and that first-line Nation
alist troops from Formosa were
pouring into Fukien Province. on
China's southeast coast. They
will be thrown into the defense OF
Canton.
Evening star., 1949-08-05
roffic Sign Contract
For Dupont Circle Let

Neon traffic signs for use al
Dupont Circle as soon as the
underpass has bsen completed.
have been contracted for by the
Department of Vehicles and Traf-
f1c. it was announced today.
The contract was awarded to
Jack Stone Co., Inc. 1900 Jeffer-
son Davis highway, Arlington.
Va, which bid $10,343.
Evening star., 1949-08-05

under neutral. Chang agreed
in principle, but never did any
thing about it.
StiIwelI Blasted Chang.
Gen. Chang and Gen. Stilwell
fell out and Gen. Stilwell was
called home. In a report to the
War Department. published in the
White Paper, he blasted both
Chang and United States Govern
ment diplomacy.
Gen. Chang, he said, sought to
dominate rather than unity and
lead" China in the face of the
japanese offensive. The United
States. he said, failed by its
genial parental admonishments' IS
to force Chang into unity.
Ambassador Patrick j. Hurley
next took up the, task. His mis-
sion spanned the transition period
at the wars end d944-45). Amer
ican policy still emphasized unity
of the Communists within China
lied by Chang.
Gen. Hurley went to Moscow
and conferred with Foreign Min
lister Molotov who assured him
the Russians had friendly feeling
toward Nationalist China and
favored American help to Chinese
unity.
Gen. Hurley then went to work
on Chang and soon reported to
Washington. Chang finally was
persuaded, he said, that the Rus
slams were not supporting the
Chinese Communists and was con-
vinced that he could unite the
military forces Of China against
Japan"
Hurley Split With Diplomats.
Long months OF negotiations
followed. Unity did not progress.
Gen. Hurley fell out with the
American career diplomats work.
ing with him and finally resigned
with a violent denunciation of
American diplomacy.
The United States, meanwhile.
made the Yalta deal with Russia
for restoration of old Czarist port,
base and rail rights in Manchuria.
This agreement by President
Roosevelt is defended by Mr..
Acheson as necessary to assure
Russia's entrance into war against
Japan
Finally Gen. Marshall. with
orders from President Truman to
pacify and unity China, followed
the trail of Dsjlures to China in
December, las. Gen. Marshall
Evening star., 1949-08-05

most interesting, because it has
been the most publicly suppressed,
is the much-debated Wedemeyer
report.
The fact that the department
feels it now can be released af-
fords a clue to the publication of
the entire White Paper. Mr..
Truman and Mr.. Acheson evi-
dently have decided that China's
Nationalist Government is beyond
the point where it can be hurt
even by bitter criticism.
In addition they appear to be-
lieve that the record iustifies their
decision not to undertake any
great new aid program to the
Chinese Nationalists and their de-
termination to break with the
past, release the facts as they see
them. and lay out new lines of
anti-C Communist diplomacy in the
Far East.
Vague on Future Course.
About what can be done, Mr..
Acheson spoke only in general
terms. He expressed the belief
that ultimately" the Chinese peo-
pie will reassert themselves" and
China will throw of the foreign
yoke" The United States, he said,
should encourage all develop
ments in China which now and
in the future work toward this
end"
/ Mr.. Acheson added that what
the United States can do will de-
pend on 'the degree to which the
Chinese people COME to recognize
that the Communist regime serves
not their interests but those of
Soviet Russia and the manner in
which they react to this
foreign domination"
The report presents American
policies as stemming from a con-
sistent effort bg this Government
to make China a politically stable
power, peaceful and free Of foreign
domination. Mr.. Acheson declared
that these remain American OBJ
jectives.
The review brings out that
various means were tried to
achieve those objectives in the
past.
i During the war with Japan
when President Roosevelt was
concerned to keep all China in
the fight. he tried to get Cen
eralissimo Chang to name the
late Gen. Joseph w. Stilwell as
commander in chief Of Chinese
iand American forces. The idea
. was to unity chinese armed forces
Evening star., 1949-08-05

put heavy pressures on both
Chang and the Communist lead
ers to make concessions, but his
efforts collapsed in a full-scale
renewal of the civil war in 1916.
Mr.. Acheson. like Gen. Marshall
earlier, blamed the final failure
mainly on the deep seated
mutual suspicion between the
Kuomintang and the Chinese
Communist Party" Gen. Stilwell
had said years before that the
key to the Chinese situation was
the struggle for power between the
two groups.
Aid to Chang Continued.
The United States continued to
give extensive help to Chang in
arms, money and advice. In q
sense it thus followed a two-lane
policy. On one side it urged
Communist Nationalist peace and
unity; on the other it armed the
Nationalists to smash the Com
munists. The justification given
for this duality is that Chiang's
government was the recognized
government and fully entitled to
American help.
1t was after the Marshall
mission that Gen. Wedemeyer
went to China d94D. Despite his
recommendations for a f1ve-year
aid program, subject to reforms
by Chang. no large scale Ameri-
can government action developed
The report brings out that Gen.
Marshall. then Secretary of State,
believed China's only salvation lay
in political reforms that would
give the liberals real power. Chang
promised reforms but according to
the record never really transferred
power when, in Gen. Marshall's S
view, it would have done some
good.
Warnings Reiterated.
From 1943 on, one American
diplomat after another warned the
State Department that unless the
Nationalists reformed and recap
tured popular support the Com
munists might some day take ovef
China.
Mr.. Acheson told Mr.. Truman
that in 1884 American officials
repeatedly brought their concern
with this situation to the atten-
ton of the Generalissimo and he
repeatedly assured them that il
would be corrected" Mr.. Acheson
continued:
"He made, however, little or nc
effort to correct it and tended
to shut himself off from Chinese
Iofficials who gave unpalatable ad-
vice"
Anothey instance, in 1916, Of
Evening star., 1949-08-05
White Paper
Continued From First Pageo

to loss of popular support and loss
by the armies of the will to fight.
The Communists battled with
''fanatical ZEAL" Mr.. Acheson
added, but, 1.-The Nationalist
armies did not have to be de-
feated; they disintegrated."
To support the position that
Chinese not American leaders
we're to blame for the disaster, the
State Department included among
the unveiled State documents a
sensational letter from China's
acting president, Gen. Ii Tsung-
ien.
Gen. Ii, who succeeded Chang
Kai-shek as chief of state, wrote
President Truman May S, 1949,
that China was brought to its
present plight by the failure OF its
previous government (Chiang's) to
make "judicious use" of American
aid and to put through political.
economic and military reforms. "
The White Paper (official dip
lomatic record spanning more
than a century, contains probably
the most slashing criticism ever
issued by the United States
against another friendly govern
ment. even a dying one. 1t pours
out all the known and secret
reasons and arguments why the
Truman administration for more
than a year now has fought all
demands in Congress for any
major new China aid program.
Wedemeyer Tempered Report.
Even the 2-year -old report OF
1t. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer
made to President Truman in 1947
is disclosed to have tempered its
proposal for China aid with a big
'if." Gen. Wedemeyer advocated
a five-year aid program but said
Chang should undertake drastic
reforms and should place Man.
churia under United Nations
trusteeship to keep the Commu-
nists from taking over.
1t was this recommendation re-
parding Manchuria, MIR. Acheson
said, which caused the report te
he suppressed so long. He said
the suggestion for alienation OF
Chinese territory would have
caused trouble with the National
ist Government if published al
that time.
Mr.. Acheson's letter to Mr.. Tru-
man formally presented him with
the frank record" of American
Chinese relations from their be.
ginning in 1874 to the present
The letter itself constituted
summary review of that policy
together with a brief hopeful lool
at the future. Mr.. Acheson as
sured the President that no docu
ments had been left out OF th'
report for the purpose of avoiding
criticism.
1856 Annexes Included.
The full records 1,054 pages in
elude 400 pages of running &C
count of American-Chinese rela
tions and a total of 1856 "annexes,
which in the main are the text
of previously secret papers. Rov
ing Ambassador Philip c. Jessul
edited the book. Now he is work
ing on detailed development o
Mr.. Aheson's new China policy.
Among the annexes perhaps tn
Evening star., 1949-08-05
Dr.. Jessup and Staff
OF 80 Worked Nearly
| 5 Weeks on Paper
By the Assocjofed Press

Ambassador Philip c. Jes-
sup and staff of about 30
assistants worked steadily for
nearly five weeks to compile
the State Departments White
Paper on China.
The paper-back volume. Of
ficially titled United States
Relations With China" weighs
nearly three pounds. 1t is 1,054
pages long.
Evening star., 1949-08-05
Alumni to Hold Picnic
Continued From First Page)

The Washington branch Of the
Alumni Association Of Bloomsbury
(Pa.) State Teachers College will
hold a picnic at grove Is, Rock
Creek Park. from 2 to 8 pm. to-
morrow.
Evening star., 1949-08-05
More Production Urged

New Zealand labor leaders say
that lower prices for primary
products are in prospect and only
increased production can insure
a lar8.J return to workers"
Evening star., 1949-08-05

FOLLOWING are excerpts from
the Wedemeyer report. Dhich
1Das released today as part OF
the State Departments nhite
paper on China
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-01-01
THE LONG WAIT

1t is long wait from virtual election
in Florida to assuming office.
Eight months pass between the May
primary, when nomination is equivalent
to an election, to assuming duties in an
office to which a Democratic candidate
was successful in primary.
The long wait probably has not palled
on Fuller Warren, who will become gov
ernor on January A. The almost eight
months that will have passed by next Tues
day have provided him with activities that
are much to his liking. Unlike any other
man, nominated for governor of Florida,
he has been doing much spade work for
his administration. Shortly after his NOM
nation, he visited every county in the state
on his "thank-you" tour, and was as
earnest and as enthusiastic in thanking the
people of Florida as he had been when he
was campaigning to get their votes.
Another activity designed to help the
citrus interests in Florida, was his visit to
California. But he has kept himself busy in
many ways, every one of which pertained
to work that will face him when he be-
comes governor.
What has happened to Fuller Warren,
in waiting eight months to take office, has
happened to several hundred other sue
cessful primary candidates in Florida. Key
West has it's quota of men who have been
marking time to assume office. That cir
cumstance has been of minor consequence
to those candidates who had succeeded
themselves, but several others on the wait
ing list" were newly elected.
At one time successful aspirants for
the presidency had to wait four months to
begin their terms, but the time was cut
down to two months. However, with our
primary system, no change is likely to oc-
cur in the immediate future in Florida to
cut down the time successful nominee
has to wait before assuming office.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-01-01
CANNOT sUBSIDIzE THE GLOBE

Senator Ralph Flanders, of Vermont,
thinks that Russia is winning the cold
war because it is forcing the United States
to spend three times what we make and
thus turthering the Communist plot to
bankrupt the United States.
There may be something to what the
Senator says Obviously, Russia is capt.
talizing upon the discomfort and unrest
that exist in the world. 1t is barely posi-
BILE that Russian representatives make
every effort to encourage the people of
the earth to hold out the open palm to
Uncle SAM
The United States may be entirely JUS
titled in spending billions of dollars, if
necessary, to put the nations of Western
Europe on their feet and to rehabilitate
them after the destruction of the recent
war. It is quite another thing, however,
to undertake to bolster every lettering
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-01-01
IT'S TIME FOR JAIL SENTENCES

Most of the antitrust cases prosecu-
ted by the Department. Justice are based
on complaints from business itself, accord
ing to Attorney-Gene Tom C. Clark
Admitting that business itself is not
necessarily bad and that single suit
might do little to bring down prices, the
Attorney General expressed his opinion
that concentrated effort to enforce the
antitrust statute tends to open the chan
nels of competition which means that
prices usually are lower than those fixed
by agreement.
In connection with the conviction OF
some corporations and individuals for
violating the antitrust statute, Mr. Clark
did not think that sitter provisions for
jail sentences are necessary, pointing out
that in the few cases where the Depart
ment recommended jail terms, the judges
did not accept the recommendation.
Despite the opinion of the Attorney
General, we think that enforcement of the
antitrust law would become more effec-
tive the instant that Congress provides
mandatory jail sentences for those who
wlfully violate the statute Certainly, it
is farce to fine prominent business men
$4,000 for acts in violation of the statute
when the guilty men and their corporate
connections acquire considerable profit
out of the illegal combinations.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-01-01
Chapter s
a FTER three blocks l was as

Chapter 8
A FTER three blocks I was as
sure as / needed 10 be. Tim
Face had popped into another
cab and was coming right along
behind me.
A few moments later my cabby
pulled up at Radio City and !
paid him what it said on the me-
ter, plus. | was out and going
through the doors as the other
cab drew up.
Ten minutes later came up
out of the ground on Fifty ninth
near Sixth. To double check,
though, I took ride around Gen.
trail Park before telling the driver
to cut over toward the Zaralis
chicks address.
Her apartment was on the four
te4nth floor, and she answered my
ring almost before / could get my
finger off the button.
"You are so sweet. Gerry" she
,9urred, and still chung to my one
rnitt with her tive. You come SO
quick, no?"
BY then we were in a sort of
sunken living room that was def
niteiy not furnished with Junk
picked up here and there. Who
ever paid the bills was in the
chips. And / certainly didn't think
that Goldielocks had paid the
bills. Maybe it was either one, or
both, of the two chaps I saw right
after I'd taken a sweeping look at
the layout.
Both were about the same age.
| pegged it at between thirty and
thirty-five. Both were about the
same build. too. But it all ended
there. One was a redhead: real
carrot-top, too.
The other man was dark, very
dark. Hair black, eyes black. and
a complexion that would defy all
the soap and Scrubbing in the
world. BY then Goldielocks had
pulled me close and was making
the introductionS. The lad with
the flaming hair was Andy Par
kus, and the other fellow was in
troduced to me as Henri Barone.
Frankly. the situation was get
ting under my skin. I mean. !
hadn't expected Goldielocks to
have company in her lap. Then,
suddenly. | thought / had it. No
doubt Parkus and Barone had
dropped in between Goldielock's
phone call to Paula's and my ar
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-01-01
TIME FOR COOPERATION

Newsweek recently published an article
on electric power, in which 1t touched ION
the controversy between advocates of pub
lie development and the supporters of
private enterprise. In this regard, it said:
"The government must work with, rather
than against, the private companies to
maintain healthy industry. In the past,
Federal officials have intimidated the
privately operated utilities, stunning their
expansion in number of regions. In plan
ming and administering its projects, the
government must take care to let private
business know just where it stands and to
cooperate with it in power distribution and
otherwise"
THAT is a very moderate statement of
the case. Socialized power has been urged
with fanatical determination which has
totally overlooked the enormous cost to
the1taxpayers, which has led, in some in
stances, to wasteful and unnecessary dupli-
cation of existing facilities; which has at
tempted to hide the fact that free enter
prise built the American power industry
and still supplies most of our electricity,
and .which has disregarded the remarkable
job done by the private utilities in meeting
demand, and thus preventing anything
Ikea serious power shortage.
We will need vast increases in our
power supply in the future. And let no one
belieVe that only the government is capa-
BILE of handling it. The private industry
has the greatest expansion program in it's
history in full swing now. BY 1857 its
capacity will be increased by 80 per cent.
Theapublic treasures will not contribute a
penny of the cost-but will, instead, get
heavy new tax revenues from the plants
andother properties which are being built.
In the light of all this, Newsweek's sugges-
ton that government must cooperate with
the industry is just plain common sense.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-01-01

public from learning the con-
tent of a message. Some of the
most important are one time
codes, understood by only a few
persons and never used but once.
Practically any code can be
broken, say the experts, If you
have enough time and a large
enough staff. But it isn't practi-
cable when codes are being
changed frequently. Also there
are only a limited number of ex-
Eperts who can be put to work on
any one problem.
1,Some Photographic writings,
like those of Roger Bacon, thir-
teenth century philosopher, have
never been deciphered,
The experts distinguish be-
tween code and cipher writings.
Code writing, strictly speaking, is
based on handbooks containing
words OF letter groupings which
have hidden meanings. Ciphers
are devices by which hidden
meanings are expressed in a
plain text or a meaningless jun
bic of letters or figures.
The machines now in use-of
which scores have been patented
are based on both systems
Like calculating machines, they
do the job quicker and more ac-
curately than people could do
with pencil and paper.
The Navy makes wide use of
code books-bound in lead SO
that they can be thrown over
board in case ship is captured
or sunk. Armies in the field pre-
fer ciphers, since the key is in
the operators mind and cannot
fall into the enemy's hands. High
er headquarters, however use
code books or machines.
Code messages are also widely
used in finance and trade, pri-
marily because code words save
space and money in wire and ra-
dio transmission. Most of them
are based on code books in gen.
eral circulation. Some companies,
however, have PHOTOGRAPHERS
devise special codes for them.
They pay as much as 100000 for
one code SYSTEM
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-01-01
NVdAlGpHAlus'(
nThe Missing Persons Bureau

!, "The Missing Persons Bureau
would do the same thing for moths
ing I said
moi" he said sharply. 'sThe DO
| lice. no. You must understand
1 Monsieur Barnes. Maurice is N
Frenchman. He is but VISITING
lyour great country. If he caused
| trouble for the police authorities
his visit might be made shorter
Maurice does not wish to return
to France Immediately" 4
Mot quite safe enough vet
huh" / grunbed. W.
Exactly" he said. Il
ITO YOU connect up his strange
- disappearance with Rene
DeFoe?" l asked. They certainly
wanted to 20 at each others
throats yesterday"
My words were greeted with
very sudden silence.
"DeFoe has a fools temper.n
Barone finally broke the silence
"But he is not fool. as he would
like some TO believe. No, cannot
conceive of any possible connec-
ton there. | DeFoe would not
dare"
what do you want me to do9
Find Maurice Cardeur, slip-a
epoSe?"
He nodded and slipped a wal
|ilet from his pocket. He zippered
it open and started taking out
|1engths of Government green.
When the pile on the coffee table
between us totaled Thousand
bucks he zippered the wallet
closed and put it back in his
pocket.
"a thousand dollars for you to
find Maurice Cardeur," he said.
another thousand dollars if yout
! are able to find him within TWEEN
ty-four hours"
/ glanced at the money, but Il
grinned at him.
dead or alive?"I asked. 1
That really iolted him, and fors
several seconds he couldn't finds
the words.
dead or alive, Monsieur Barnes.
he finally managed. But it is abb 4
surd to even think of Maurice as
dead"
I skipped that. The little guy,
Cardeur, was certainly becoming
quite a gold mine for me- A total
of fifteen hundred in cash so far
from two guys to find him.
Dead or alive!
(To be contlnCed) h