davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
No. 1868
rorrrr -H CREDITORS

NO. 4S4foo
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
Estate OF winiam Il Paul. Deceased.
Notice Is hereby gwen by the under
signed. Executrixe Of the estate OF VIII
liam H. Paul. deceased; to the creator.
of and all persons having claims against
Tho sa,d decreased, 20 exhibit them, with
the NECESSARY vouchers. within ten months
after the first Publication OF this notice
to the said admin tfator at 2oa-4 Lewis
ohm building. B4t'e. Montana, the same
hs,,o ,hc Mace for the transaction OF the
business Of saio estate. in the County OF
sIver Bow, state Of Montana.
CORA PAUL, RUTH P. NANKER-
WIS PHOEBE P. PETERSON, Ex-
ecutrixos OF the Estate OF william
H Paul. Deceased.
Dated Butte, Montana, this 27th da,
OF December, 1913.
oenzberser & acGan. 7o3-4 Lewisohr
p,dv quite Montana, Attorneys for Elk
ecutrices.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
i1,t8l
NOTICE 10 CREDITORS

4NliiAE ~ - ~
Estate OF George Hanley. Deceased.
Notice Is hereby given by the under
signed, administrator Of the estate OF
George Harley. deceased 10 the creditors
o, and all persons having claims against,
the said deceased. 70 exhibit them. with
the necessary youchtrs. within 10 months
after the iir publication OF this notice
10 the SAID administrator n s0s Silver
Bow Block. west Granite ST.. Butte, Mon
,ana, tie same being the place Tor the
transaction u the business oi said estate,
IN the County 0, Silver Bow, State Of
Montana
RICHARD DWYER. administrator
Of TIE Estate Of George Hanlcy.
Deceased
Dated Butte, Montana. this 18th day
OK December. l9+8.
T J. Foley. 800 Silver Bow Block. At
torney for Admins traitor
First publication Dec %, i945-t.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
LEGAL NOTICES

N THE DISTRICT COURT or THE
SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF THE
STATE or MONTANA IN AND FOR
THE COUNTY or Sill. Err BOW.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
No ls.iea

NO. l34TtI
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
Estate Of Lacey NJ. Caldwell Deceased
Notice is hereby given h3 rhe uHder
signed. Administrator 81 fas estate q
Lacey NJ. Caldwell. deceased 20 he cfcd-
itors OF and all persons hafi1g CLAIM
against the said decea cd, 70 eNAlbt
them, with the niece sary gpnchefH ~itAln
four months after the first publication q
this notice to the sad administrator ~
the Law offices Of Genzbeteer g McGaa,
203-i Lewisohu Building Butte M9ntaNa'
the same being the place TER ihe tran'-
action Of the business o. sad estate. IN
the County Of silver Bow, State 81 Mon
tana,
THE MINERS NATIONAL BANK or
BUTTE.
BY II. A KENcK. Asst TraTt Officer.
Administration Of the Estate q Lacey
NJ Caldwell, Deceased.
Dated Butte. Montana THIS 2aia day o.
December. 1898.
Gcnzberger & McGan. 2o2-i Leu Clip
Bldg. Butte, Montana, Att2fne}s iar Aa-
First publication Dec. 30. i9fg 4
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

The regular annual meeting Of we
s~t3ckhllders Of the Butte Carriage WORKS
+ Montana Corporation, Wall be held az
500 West Ga.era Street. Butte, Silver Bow
coaAsg, Montana. on Monday the 3ist
day Of January. A D.. 1919, a. ? o'clock
p N.
The object OF the meeting Is the cleo
ton Of the Board OF Directors Tor the
ensuing year, and FOR tie Transaction Of
such other business as may properly con'
before the meeting.
Dated Jan 3. is49.
GRACE H~uRZELER.
Secretary OF Butte Carriage Works
First publication Jan. 9, leis-f
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

FRESH KILLED OVES READY POUL-
try. TRY Il. youil like II. Strictly
fresh eggs. DOFSH 1854 Harrison
Tel. 600.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

BRADFORD CLEANERS SUITS,
platu dresses irumpi delivery 1871
| farriSon aAN phone 2-ta35
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
SATURDAY

6.oO-CBS World News
8:l5-Alarm Clock Club
7.oo-CBS News OF America
7:l5-Alarm Clock Club
7.45-Garden Gate
8:0O-Church Announcements
8:i5-Today Is Yours
8.30-Chuck Wagon Jafnooree
e.00-News
9:05-Let's Pretend
9:30-Junior Mis-
10: 00-Theater Of Today
10. 3o7-Grand Central station
IL. 0o-~County Fair
li.3o-Glve and Take
IL. 00-World News
l2:l5-Del Porter Show
l2:30-Meet the Missus
i.o0-Swing Time
l:3O-Football Games
3.3o-silyer Bow Record Session
4:Oo-Cross Section U. s. A,
4:30-Serenade
4:45-Jungle Jim
5:o0-Sport Spotlight
5:l5-Headlines and foothotes
6:30-Buttes Best
5.45-Worid News
6:00-Sing II Again
7:o0-Morey Amsterdam snow
7:3O-It Pays to Be Ignorant
8.oo-Home Town Pelnion
0.ao-Nat,onal Guard Military Ball
o.oo-Saturday E.ght Serenade
o.ao-Saturdav Night Request Program.
ll.Oo-Chet Huntley News
ll~.l5-Saturday n ght Request Program
Ia 00-Sign OF
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
LEGAL NOTICES

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF TIE $40
OND JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF THs
STATE or MONTANA. IN AND ron
THE COUNTY OF SILVER BOW.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
Know PROGRAM SCHEDULE

s.so-The Capitol Cloak Room
9.O0-vet Varieties
e.3o-Sunset And Vihe
9.4s.My SererAoe
10. 00-Peoples Choice
ll.0o-Chet Huntley, News
il:i5-Mllton Charles. oFganlsi
II. 3o-C3S Orchestras
ii:55-News
i2:O0-Sign of
THURSDAY
6:oO-CBS World News
6.l5-Alarm Clock Clu0
7OO-CBS News OF America
7:i5-Aiarm Clock ClGo
T:4,-Tex Ritters Muse Corral
sOO-Morn.ng Devotious
B.t5-Today Is Yours
.30-Arthur Godfrey
e.3O-Music From Hollywood
io.oo-Reminiscent Rhythm
lo. 3O-South Side Shopping Guide
li:00-Neus Brief
li:o5-woman's Way
Ii:l5-Piano Magic
li:30-Vocal CHORDS
ll.45-On the Bandsta-id
l2:o0-World News
~i2:I5-Perry Mason
Il: 30-This Is Norah Drake
45-Romance OF Eyeigt Winters
l:00-News Brief
i05-Songs and Savings
l.i5-Hill Top House
l:3o-House Party
l55-Radd!e Harris
2.N-Hint Hunt
2:25-News
2:30-Winner Take Al
3.00-Treasury BandStaHd
3:30-Silver Bow Record Session
4a00-Eric Seyareid News
4:l5-An American Abroad
4:30-News Briefs
435-HaW aiIar Echos
445-Meet the Missus
5:00-Marine Story
5:i5-Headlinos and foc.aotes
5:3O-Club is
5~:45-Edward r. Murroas, New
6:00-Butte's Bes:
6:l5-World News
6.30-Sport Spotlight
6.45-Down H~armor1iaae
7~:00-Sunset and V.s
T:l5-My Serenade
7:30-Crime Photograph
8:00-Front Page Drama
B.l5-Guest Star
8.30-Doorway to Life
:O0-Vet Varieties
s:3o-Mr. Keen Trace o. Lost Persons
i0:00-People's Choice
u:o0-Chet Huntley News
ii:f5-Milton Charles, Osganist
Il:30-CBS Orchestras
n:55-News
i2:00-Sign Off
FRIDAY
6:0O-CBS World News
6:i5-Alarm Clock Club
7:0J-CBS News OF America
~7:l5-Alarm Clock Club
7.45-Tex Ritter's Music Corral
8.00-Morning Devotions
8.l5-Today Is Yours
8:30-Arthur Godfrey
g.30-Mus.c From Hollywood
l0:00-Reminiscent Rhythm
i0:30-South Side Shopping Guide
ll.00-News Brief
il:05-Woman's Way
l1.15-Piano Magic
ll.30-vocal Chords
li.45-On the Bandstaad
l2:00-World News
Ia l5-Perry Mason
i2:3o-This Is Norah Drake
2:4~5-Romance OF Evelyn Winters
l:00-News Brief
i:05-Songs and Savings
l:i5rHIl Top House
l.30-House Party
l~.55-Raddie Harris
2:00-Hint Hunt
2:25-News
2.30-Wianer Take AL
3.00-Treasury Bandstand
3.30-Silver Bow Record Session
4.0O-Eric Seyareid. News
4:l5-U. N. Politics
4:30-News Briefs
4.35-Hawaiian Echoes
4:45-Mect the Missus
5:00-voice OF the Army
5.l5-Headlines and Footnotes
5.30-Club Is
5.45-Edward r. Murrows, News
6:O0-Butte's Best
6:l5-World News
6.30-Sport Spotlight
6:45-Music OF Manhattan
7:00-My Favorite Husband
7:30-So Proudly We Hall
8.00-Everybody Wins
8.30-Spotlight Revue
9:00-Vet Varieties
g:3O-Srnset and Vine
9.45-My Sefenade
l0:00-Music From the Copper Club
10. 3o-people's Choice
f1:O0-Chet Huntley. News
~il:l5-Milton Charles, Organlst
ll:30-CBS Orchestras
II. 55-News
2:0o-Sign or
SATURDAY
6:O0-CBS World News
8:l5-Alarm Clock Club
7:oo-CBS News OF America
7.l5-Alarm Clock Club
7:45-Garden Gate
8:0O-Church Announcements
8~:i5-Today Is Yours
8:30-Chuck Wagon Jamboree
nm Npus
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

DAILY : SHEA. UNDERTAKE Frs lO5
s. Idaho ST., Butte Phone 1881.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

NOTICE. or DISSOLUTION or


NOTICE or DISSOLUTION or
PARTNERSHIP
ALBERT W GARGAI2Q and NORMAN
W~IILOMITzEIi, dong business as the
MONTANA CRYSTAL SHOP, haze agreed
20 dissolve their partnership All bhls
due Or 10 become due ate the sole re-
spuasibilty Of Albert W. Gargaro The
bu ness will continue 20 operate as the
Montana Crystal Shop and the only per-
SON Interested 10 aAi business Will be
Albert " Gaignf0. 81 22s South Main
street. Butte. Montana
Dated a. Butte. Montana, this 30ih day
Of December, a y l9i8
seal ALBERT " GARGARo,
,seaf, NORMAN WnLoMIT2ER
State u Moutaaa
County OF s.iser Bow
On THIS s0th day 81 December. A, d
1888. before me. the undersigned Notary
Pablo. personally appeared ALBERT W
GARGARO and NORMAN WILLoMl rZER.
and acknowledged 70 me that they exc
rutsd tie foregUing Instrument
IN WITNESS WHEREOF | have here
unto set my hand and affixed my No
iarlal sal TIE day ard wear IN THIS in-
stramrnt tIst aloFe written.
tSeal i VAUGHN,
Rotary Public Tor the State Of Montana
residing at Butte. Montana MY Com
.nsssion expires Sept 9, 1888
Ilrst publication Jlu. 9, 1901
IN TIE DISTRICT COURT OF THE SEC.
OND JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TIL
STATE OF MONTANA. IN AND FOR
THE COUNTY or SILVER BOW.
No i3.484
NOTICE Or TINE APPOINTED FOR
PROVING WILL. Ere
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
MOUNTAIN STANDARD T1MEl
SUNDAY

SUNDAY
9:oo-Organ Interlude
9.l5-World News
e:3o-Salt Lake City Tabernacle Choir
COLONIZATION to Learning
0:30-Lutheran Hour
ll:00-Longines Symphonette
ll:30-Tell II Again
l2:00-You Are There
2:3o-Joseph c. Harsh -
l~2:45-Elmo Roper
l:00-CBS symphony Orchestra
2:30-Sunday at The Chase
3:O0-Old Fashioned Revival Hour
40o-The Family Hour
4~:30-Pause That Refreshes
5:00-Gene Autry Show
5:3O-Make Mine Music
6:00-Adventures OF Sam Spade
6:30-Sunday Serenade
7:o0-Winner Take All
7~:30-Strike 1t Rich
8:0o-Hollywood Showcase
8:30-Escape
e:00-Man Called TX"
9:30-Return Engagement
IL. 00-News
i0.05-CBS Orchestras
ll:00-CBS News
ii:i5-University Explorer
il:30-CBS Orchestras
ll:55-News
II :OO]S!Rp- OF
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
uoocoooouuoo0O

CLARK r. YEATcIi Insurance sales
ana Services. clark Il N-ttch w
w. Quartz. Butte
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

BAKE RITE BAKERY-FRESH PIES
cakes and bread ia y Main 81.
Phone 2-2t63.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

srLLfVANs - SHEET METAL AND
roofing work. Auto radiators re-
paired. 3nA 5 Montana 1t Phone 2-3l2o
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. LOCAL AND
long distance hauling. Bagley Trans
Ter. Phone 3t36-66l9
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
CERTIFICATE OF CO-PARTNERSHrP.
DOING BUSINESS UNDER A FICrIOuS
NAME. MAIN SASH AND CABINET

Flrs: Publication Dec, 10. lo4s-4t.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

IN TIE DISTRICT COURT OF THE SEC
OND JUDICIAL DISTRICT or THE
STATE or MONTANA. IN AMI FOR
THE COUNTY or SILVER BOW.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

By DAN BUKvICH. Deputy Cler
r. G. Fluent. Attorney for Plaintiff
First publication Dec. %. l9t8 Sit.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

p. O. NEWS STAND BOOK Sell Err
stationers. Sew dealerS Greeting
cards 80 w. PARK 81.
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

plumbers Union Local No. 4l-Pres.
Albert Camitisch; vice pres, Joseph
BRADY; fin. sec. VIM. Honey; rec. sec.
Glenn Myers: treas, Albert Eva.
Meets every Monday at s pm. In the
Carupnters hall
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06

Hazel HUGHES. Pi,lntlif. vs. william
Hughes. Defendant
Montana labor news., 1949-01-06
or TIME APPOINTED FOR

In the Matter q the Estate Of Adele
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
Hunters Promised
Plenty Game

With hunting season well around
the corner, nimrods of the Fourth
Conservation District were promised
satisfactory" results today by
Chief Wildlife Officer Curtis +.
Wright, of Okeechobee, IF the
weather man cooperates."
There is plenty of game to make
things interesting for the hunters,
Wright asserted. Its my guess
hat the success or failure of the
season will be determined by wealth.
er conditions"
A district game census recently
completed by State Game and Fresh
Water Fish Commission biologists
shows that gobblers have registered
a definite upswing in the turkey
counties, and deer have increased
slightly. Except for Collier and Mon
roe Counties. the quail outlook Is
brighter throughout the district.
Domestic hunting season opened
Thursday. Deer season closes Jan.
5; turkey, quail and squirrel seas. n
ends Feb. /. Monroe county is clio
ed to key deer.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
Bishop Reid Says:
"Negro Can Help
Solve South's
Problems"

CHARLESTON, S. c. - (ANP) -
Bishop Frank Madison Reid of the
AME church told some 5000 church
members attending the annual con-
ference of the South Carolina dis
trict here last week that there are
no problems in the South which the
Negro cannot help solve"
Men do not win by running away
from problems" he declared. Il am
much in accord with Booker T.
Washington's philosophy Of letting
down your buckets where you are
why should we have to leave
the South to get better wages? Why
not remind the leaders of our com
munities that the more we are paid
here the more we spend here.
1--WE would rather have million
aires in the South than TO have all
the millionaires in the North who
live off the fictitious idea of keep
ing the Negro poor so as to keep
him in his place"
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
IN MEMORIAM

In loving memory of my dear
mother,
MRS. MARY GIBSON
who died at Nassau, Bahamas, No
vember rs, 1947. She leaves her only
daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Saunders,
her mother, Mrs. STACKER; sisters,
Mrs. Arementa Sands, Miss Mildred
Thompson, Miss Muriel Thompson;
brothers, King Thompson, Prince
Thompson and Alfred Thompson.
/ love you mother but Jesus loves
you best.
Elizabeth saunders
1856 NV 9Th st.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
Singing Contest

There will be a Singing Contest
between Gerald Pratt Jr. and Joyce
Williamson, Monday night, Novem-
her %. 1949 at the Church of God
In Christ, 1908 NV 5th Avenue.
Some of the participants are: The
Church of God Choir, the Melrose
Spiritual Singers, st, Matthews
Usher Board Chorus and many
others. Come and enjoy an evening
of entertainment, our guest speaker
will be the Rev. W. o. BARLEY.
Rev. Gamble, pastor
Mr.. Jerry Pratt, Mgr.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
Tenn. A. & |. To
Celebrate Six Years
Of Progress Nov. g.
"a; To Dedicate Four
New Buildings

NASHVILLE - (ANP) - Ten
nessee A and l college will begin a
two-day celebration of six years of
progress under the leadership of DR..
Walter S. Davis, president, here
Wednesday, November %. The cele-
bration will be highlighted by the
dedication of four new major build
ings, ground-breaking exercises for
three others, and the honoring of
DR.. Davis and three senior members
of the colleges faculty.
The principal ded. catory address,
at exercises in college auditorium
Wednesday, will be delivered by
Gov. Gordon Browning. Commission
er of Education j. NJ. Smith will
formally turn over to the college
the new library, cafeteria, agricul-
ture laboratories, and heating and
mechanical engineering buildings,
Smith will also participate in ground
breaking ceremonies for the health
and physical education building, and
two dormitories, one for male and
one for female students.
The improvements and expansion
at A and L represent an eXpendi-
ture of $6,O00,OOO over a period of
six years.
Included on the program of the
celebration are a football game on
Thanksgiving Day, class reunions,
alumni meetings, dances and an
elaborate homecoming parade.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
Margin For Logic
By ALVIN MOSES
LEST WE FORGET

NEW YORK - amp - The end
of lynching is the target today, and
every day of our lives spent here in
America.
Here in the worlds most populous
and liberal city, the fight must be
planned and successfully carried out
if modern-day Nero Spectacles" are
to vanish forever from this young
Hemisphere.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
NAACP DRIVE

Would that drive like that of
the census taking" was underway
to blot out lynching and the sister
strain jim crowism thus ending for
more than Is million Americans, the
''bugbear" that has brought shame
of the brave. Not all Negroes are in
the same economic condition that
American Jewry finds itself when
action against racial oppression by
organized bigots are sorely needed.
The reasons for this are partially job
discrimination and refusal to
"close ranks" by Negro groups
themselves. once it was thought by
many so called Negro leaders that
the "soiled linen" within our own
spheres was known to us alone.
Time and the end of self-imposed
political and other leaderShips have
worked to the end that liberal
Whites can now tell you more about
"inner-colorphobias"; "Intelligensia
freezeouts," and ham-strung little
business" dealings within us; that
would give your hair an eternal per-
manent wave effect. Even without
the persuasive heart breaking side
walk posters set up by NAAfCP To-
cal offices which portray lynching
barbarisms greater than any words
might tell those of us financially
hns 70 grIN nn6nV.
write NAACP's fight.
COMFORT TO RUSSIA
No matter how many editorials
we read in the NY. Journal, Ameri-
can purporting to tell us Americans
about life Behind The Russian Iron
Curtain with its accompany strong
artist pictures, we still don't know.
We have no intention of ever visit
ing Russia nor do thousands of you
who read thi shold any such hopes.
However, we need not leave the
shores of these United States of
America to know from common
sense alone this trusm. -
Joe Stain and his followers sit
back comfortably every time new
Southern Lynching' screams forth
to the world" II is the kind Of un-
Outstanding propaganda any counter
movement has to feed its growth
upon"
The community of free nations has
long outlawed such practices. Only
the Talmadges, Rankins, and etc
keep the coats at full glow for the
hillbilly rabble-rousers who must
ndct a race for the single case of
| rape, murder and would-be-attacks,
all races are guilty OF and fight
against.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-11-26
GREENE

Always your Friend and Advisor
Smyrna times., 1949-04-28

Of Judge Moore's determined eff
forts and skill as a negotiator and
lawyer" said Professor Chamber
lain. and the principle was incor-
porated into the court statute, and
so could not be changed by the
court.
Typical of John Bassett Moore,
with a deep conviction in the i'm
portance of the Court, he used the
resources of a strong will, a clear
mind. skill in diplomacy, and wide
spread influence to protect it from
what he believed would prejudice
its usefulness as a court" said Pro-
fessor Chamberlain. "His success
was a vital factor in the establish
ment of the Court as an independ-
ent tribunal for the nations. His
conviction has been incorporated
in the Statute of the present Inter
national Court of Justice, which re
ouires that the Court deliver IT.
advisory opinions in open court ant
that in the exercise of its advisor.
functions the Court shall furthe
be guided by the provisions of tn
present Statute which apply il
contentious cases to the extent t
: which it recognizes them to b
applicable"
Smyrna times., 1949-04-28
woaEN's OFFICERS SCHOOL
Young Women Between 10 and %
May Apply for Enlistment

nay <tPPaN loa t<hhh7
Highly qualified young women in
Smyrna between the ages of 19 and
2S, now may apply for enlistment
in the Army specifically to attend
the Womens Army Corps Officer
Candidate School, 1st Sgt, Paul E.
Peacher said recently.
Upon successful completion of
the six-month course at Camp Lee,
Va, Sgt. Peacher explained, Dis
tinguished Graduates will be con-
sidered for appointment as second
lieutenants in the Regular Army.
other graduates will be appointed
second lieutenants in the Organ
lied Reserve Corps. These officers
may be placed on competitive tours
: for one year, and, if qualified, may
be considered for appointment in
the Regular Army. officers COM
missioned will serve at least two
years of active duty.
'Civilian women who enlist fol
4 OCS and fail to complete the
D course, Sgt. Peacher continued
e may be separated from the Army
upon request. Civilian applicants
Smyrna times., 1949-04-28
THE SMYRNA TIMES THURSDAY MoRNiN APRIL 2g. 1919

To qualify for enlistment for
oCS, applicants must be citizens
of the United States, have two
years accredited college education,
be between the ages of 10 and %
at the time of reporting to OCS,
CONTINUED on Page Three)
Smyrna times., 1949-04-28

who have not had basic training
or its equivalent some time previ-
Gus to application are given basic
training before starting the ocs
course. Such candidates hold the
grade of sergeant during the basic
training period"
Evening star., 1949-05-21
Spanish Workers Benefit
Social Program Said to Add About Sc Per Cent
to Low Prevailing Wage Rates
By Morley Cassidy

BARCELONA. Spain May % by wire-
less II see by the papers" said the sec-e-
tary Of one OF the largest American com
panies operating II Spain that the AL
and cIO are threatening terrible things Il
the United States recognizes the present
Spanish government.
7 wish some Of them would come over
here and see for themselves what has been
done with the workers"
AS spokesman for one Of SPANS largest
employers, his views may be biased. but no
more So perhaps. than those Of some Of
SPANS critics.
The latter. in emphasizing SPANS severely
repressive labor legislation. which substitutes
a vertical syndicate" OF employers, State
representatives and employees for unions OF
the American type, have rsSally failed to
note that it has been accompanied by one Of
the worlds most thoroughgoing social secur-
ity programs.
The benefits embraced in this program, ac-
cording 10 nom -Spsniards who have studied
ii thoroughly. amount IN effect 70 an addi-
tional SO per cent over the basic wage OF the
average worker
Included In this program are old-age in
surance, allowances for the support Of each
child where there are more than one seven
days pay for six days work, payment for II
to IS "fleStas" or holidays yearly. automatic
raises health insurance. payments 10 widows
for accidental deaths and a maze Of bonus
and proft-sharing schemes.
About one-tenth of the cost Of these
benefits is deducted from the workers wages
or salaries The rest Is paid by the employer
or the State.
This does not mean that Spanish workers
are happy, or ought 10 be. Their wages are
shockingly low. often below a bare sub
sistence level. and in the Franco regime
vertical syndicates" the workers repre-
sentative usually is a minority of one In
opposition TO his fellow union members, 3"
the employer and the representative OF the
government.
Few Workers Fired.
But employers find that the arrangement
is not always one-sided.
Firing, for instance. Is practically impos-
Sible. Every dismissal, for whatever cause
must have the approval Of the ministry of
labor.
This approval is given but rarely, largely
because the government is determined to
avoid large-Scale unemployment. In any
case. the procedure entails lengthy hearings
which serve to give the employe two or three
months Of separation pay" while awaiting
the outcome.
Wholesale layoffs are virtually forbidden
Only by lengthy proof Of dire financial need
can an employer reduce his staff
In recent months, when lack of electric
power and American cotton have kept Bar
celona textile mills to a two-day week, the
plants have been forbidden to dismiss work.
ers, and compelled to pay them for five days
work weekly. To save the mills from bank
ruptcy, the government has recently taken
over part Of this financial load
The regime cannot take credit for the
whole social-security program. Large parts
Of it were inaugurated In the last days of
the monarchy and in the confused era of the