davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Hope Dims for Missing
Salvation Army Officers

PENSACOLA. Fla. Mar. 10
Discovery Of their capsiZed boat
in Escambia Bay today dimmed
hopes that three fishermen who
disappeared yesterday will be
found alive.
Sheriff r. L. Kendrick said the
missing men were Capt. r. r.
Marselis Of Pensacola and Maj.
Henry S. Wilkins. Birmingham
Ala, both Salvation Army officers.
and Doug Wilkins. son Of the
Birmingham man.
Maj. Wilkins. who has been Sal
vation Army commander OF BNm-
ingham for the past 10 years, was
stationed in Washington. D. G
from 1891 to 1899 as youth direc-
tor of the National Capital Divis-
ion. His daughter, Mrs. John
Cox recently was assigned to di-
rectorship Of the southeast branch
of the Salvation Army In Wash
ington.
The sheriff said the men went
fishing In q 14-foot. outboard
motorboat yesterday although the
water was very rough" and small
craft warnings were flying. They
had planned to return to shore
about noon.
Evening star., 1949-03-20

Us gallons per trees to some 900
trees would not retard the open
ing of the blooms. y..5.ss..ss.s...
THE spray" he said. is stf1l
in the experimental stage. ]
would have liked to have worked
on single limbs and buds for q
few more years, but the pressure
on our Office to do something
about the blossoms was terrific.
1--WE finally had to agree to lay
in enough hormones to spray the
Tidal Basin trees en- masse. Well
use one solution on the southwest
side and another on the northeast
side. About rs trees in the CEN
ter Of the basin on the south side
will be left unsprayed."
Blossoms Gone Last Year.
Last year the Cherry Blossom
Festival was held on the week end
of the fifteenth. The Tidal Basin
blooms had long since vanished
when the festival date arrived.
They came into blossom on March
"a.
This year the festival commit
tee selected the week end of April
/ for its program.
But Mr.. Wester, peering into
his jars of solvents in which
cherry buds float, say it looks
like the single trees would be in
bloom by Saturday. at least.
Il wish I didn't have to be
quoted" the weather forecaster
said, but Mr.. Wester is pretty
much in the same boat as the rest
of U.S."
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Man Sues for $4,000
Over Elevator Shaft Fall

A man brought suit yesterday
in District Court seeking damages
for injuries he contends he re-
ceived on January rs when no
stepped into an elevator shaft,
thinking the elevator was there.
and fell from the first floor to
the basement.
Neal j. Hughes. 1701 Swami
street NV. contends he suffered
internal and other injuries when
he stepped into the shaft at the
Swami street address.
The suit names as defendants
the Concord Apartments. Inc.
1000 block Of I street NV. and
the Swami Investment Co., in the
Woodward building. which 1t de.
scribes rs owners of the building.
Mr.. Hughes is represented by
Attorneys Thomas B. Scott ana
Ernest e. Dematatis.
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Atlantic Pact
Continued From First Page

our own national security and as
. powerful insurance policy
against World War III. It is ex-
clusively defensive and scrupu-
lously within the United Nations
Charter.
1T vii never be used unless
an armed aggressor invades this
area. In such event, 1t forehand-
edly anticipates the facts of life.
Its text keeps all the promises
to preserve our own autonomy and
our Constitutional process. New
ertheless, it warns any aggressor
that he cannot divide and con-
quer; nor can he plan aggression
with impunity. This ought to
stop armed aggression before 1t
starts.
THE treaty should be subjected
to full public hearings which will
totally explore it and all related
matters, because full acceptance
is essential to its full authority
for peace"
Sees Danger in Military Force.
Senator George said he recog-
nizes the advantages Of having AN
association of States" working for
peace, but wants to be sure the
peaceful purpose is kept in the
foreground.
II am very much afraid we're
not going to get very far in this
whole world situation by putting
too much emphasis on military
force-I think that is our great
danger" said the Georgian.
II think it does represent a
forward step, if it is not diverted
into a strictly military alliance. "
he continued.
; The Georgia Senator added that
sif it is to be merely a military
alliance, we are playing with fire" !"
In his assertion that the treaty
involves automatic war;" Senator
Bridges was, in effect. taking issue
with Secretary of State Dean
Acheson. Mr.. Acheson, in ex-
planning the pact Friday night,
said that, in the event OF an
armed attack on any signatory.
each Of them will take individually
and IN concert whatever action 1t
deems necessary to restore and
maintain the security Of the North
Atlantic. He added this docs
not mean that the United States
would be automatically at war If
one of the nations covered by the
pact is subjected to armed attack" !"
Mr.. Acheson emphasized that the
decision in any future emergency
would "be taken in accordance
with our constitutional proce-
dures."
Urges Public Study Now.
Senator Bridges said yesterday
"the people should be told frankly
10 study this issue realistically
now. There should be no attempt
20 propaganda the country into
believing that provision for
constitutional procedure In declar-
Evening star., 1949-03-20
'Hitches1 q Ride
| With Detective;
jailed All Niqht

Joseph Bullock, SO, "hitched" q
ride that wound up in Municipal
Court with q SO fine yesterday.
Bullock. colored. Of the first
block of L street NV, said he was
trudging YEARLY along New York
avenue last Friday night when at
Florida avenue NE. he decided he
couldn't 60 another step.
MY feet was wet and tired.
I'd been working all day." he told
Judge Walter j. Casey. So. he
said, he tapped on the window
OF an automobile stopped for a
red signal.
Going downtown" he asked.
Sure. hop in," the driver re-
sponded. Only after he got in,
said Bullock, did he learn the
driver was a plainclothes police
man, Pvt. Ralph Ogle.
In difference to Bullock's over
night stay in the No. 2 Precinct
cellblock. Judge Casey said he
would suspend imposition of the
fine on a charge of soliciting
rides on q public highway, Bull
lock was freed on his pledge not
to repeat the offense.
Evening star., 1949-03-20
dutch Credit Officer
with Repe||ing Rebels
Who Shot u. n. Aides
BY the Assoeioisd Prsss

BATAVIA, Java, Mar. 10. A
Dutch army lieutenant was cred-
tied by his superiors tonight with
beating of, single handed, IN am
bush attack by 1ndonesian guer"
rillas on q United Nations observer
team.
The story Of the attack and the
lieutenant's action was told by
a Netherlands military spokesman.
He said the ambush occurred yes
terday in Sumatra between
Brastagi and Medan.
The two U. N. observers. Maj.
John Albert Simmons. an Ameri-
can, of Montclair, N. j., and Ban
gor, Me-, and 1t. Col. H. D.
Chaplain, a Briton, were wounded.
Col. Chaplin's condition was said
to be serious, but not critical.
Mai. Simmons injuries were re-
ported as not serious. The Dutch
of1icer. Worst tot Worst. also was
wounded.
The Dutch army spokesman
gave this account Of the ambush:
Col. Chaplin was driving the
white jeep. plastered with U. N.
signs, around a hairpin turn when
the guerillas opened fire. Tho
British observer was hit and lost
control of the jeep, which skidded
off the road.
Both Col. Chaplin and Maj.
Simmons managed to take par.
tial cover in a ditch. Presumably
both were unarmed, as it is U. N.
policy for observers to travel with.
out weapons.
The Dutch lieutenant crawled
out to engage the attackers and
exchanged fire with them for half
an hour before they withdrew. A
Dutch army patrol came along an
hour later and took the men to
hospital at Medan.
The Dutch government sx-
pressed sympathy to British and
American diplomatic representa-
tives. Five U. N. administrative
officials flew from Batavia to
Medan to investigate the Incl.
dent.
The U. N. commission In the
Indies sent representatives to jog
jakarta today for a first-hand in
vestigation Of conditions in the
former Indonesian Republican
capital. Jogjakarta has been In
Dutch hands since last December.
The U. N. has urged that Re-
publican leaders held in custody
by the Dutch be returned to their
Offices in the CITY.
Evening star., 1949-03-20

ing war will have any practical
effect"
Senator o'Conor. Democrat, OF
Maryland. on the other hand. de-
clared the past serves notice
upon the aggressors of today. the
Communist bloc" that liberty
loving nations are alert to the
need for adequate armed pre-
paredness."
Speaking at the end an Ameri-
can Legion parade in Baltimore,
Senator O'Conor said the treaty
declares I'VE want to live in peace
with all nations, but we will be
ready to defend ourselves should
aggression again rear its ugly
head"
Declaring the only barrier to
war is Americas armed strength"
Senator O'Conor said:
America must have more and
better atomic bombs. more and
faster planes. more powerful ships.
swifter submarines. more Of all
the mechanical aids to war, than
a potential adversary can mus
ter"
Evening star., 1949-03-20
U. 5. Embassy Attache
Ordered Out byPo|and
Because OF Article
BY the Assoeioted Press

WARSAW. Mar. l9.-1ne Pol-
ish government. objecting to a
United States Information Serv-
ice bulletin calling Poland So
Wet satellite. has ordered expul-
sion of the services chief, Chester
H. Opal.
Foreign Minister Zygmunt Mod
zelewski told American Ambassa-
dor Waldemar Gallman Thursday
that Mr.. Opal was persona non
grata and must leave the country
shortly.
(The State Department said
1t is considering what to do
about the demand. The normal
procedure is to heed such an
order, since q diplomat out OF
favor in a foreign capital loses
value in service there.)
Protest Made to Yugoslavia.
The Opal case flared at the
same time that Poland protested
YugosIavia' action in closing the
Polish Information Bureau in Bel
grade March Is as a hostile act.
The government-controlled Polish
radio noted that Premier Marshal
Tito's government, feuding now
with its former associates in the
Cominform. permitted the United
States, Britain and France to
continue their information bu-
reaus In Yugoslavia.
(Yugoslavia rejected the pro-
test as insulting and discour-
teous." the Yugoslav news
agency Tanjug announced. n
Tanjug quoted the reply as
saying the Polish bureau had
abused the hospitality" Of
Yugoslavia and issued disloyal
propaganda.)
Mr. Gallman commented today
that the order for Mr.. Opal to
leave represented another round
In q STEADY campaign against the
West" He said the information
services only purpose was to dis
seminate truth and facts.
opal, In his work here, has
been motivated by that principle
and had nothing but that object
In view." Mr.. Gallman said.
The description of Poland as a
Soviet satellite was contained In
a Lake Success item Of the bulle-
tin March 3, reporting q Polish
attack in the United Nations Eco
nomic and Social. Council on
President Truman's program for
the development of backward
areas.
Wall Street Link Charged.
Polish Delegate Juliusz Katz-
suchy assailed the program that
day as Wall Street exploitation
scheme. He charged the United
States has led Latin Americans to
economic disaster and now Is turn
ing to the Middle East. Asia and
Africa for new economic fields to
conquer. (Soviet Delegate Semen
&. SarapKln followed hdIz.Sucny
with similar charges.)
The Polish government. was re-
ported to have told Mr.. Gal1man
1t considered the phrase highly
offensive. It has long regarded
the information service bulletins
as hostile and unfriendly."
Mr.. Opal. 81. has been stationed
IN Warsaw two years. He became
chief of the information service
recently after the departure of
First Secretary Walter Schwinp,
who Is now in Washington. Mr..
Opal formerly was director of
press relations at the University
Of Chicago.
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Germany
Continued From First Pageo

maneuver to ward oil charges that
they were splitting Germany by
creating the East German state.
It also appeared aimed at dis
rupting the work Of the Bonn
constituent assembly.
The Social Democratic Party in
the American zone of Hesse said
today the Communists could prove
their desire for German unity by
asking the Soviet Union to lift the
Berlin blockade at once. to return
German war prisoners and to
abolish concentration camps in
the Soviet zone"
The Communist constitution
says private property is guaran-
teed-but adds that property OF
''Warmongers" can be expropria-
ted without compensation.
It provides for compensated ex-
preparation Of. property deemed
necessary for the general well
fare.
It says free speech Is guaran-
teed-except for war propaganda
"and similar matters"
Elections Provided For.
The charter provides for elec-
tions every four years to peoples S
chamber. which will choose the
premier from the membership OF
the majority party. The peoples S
chamber and a second chamber,
composed of representatives from
the various states, will elect a
president.
The preamble defines the con-
stitution as an alderman one,
although 1t can be enforced only
in Eastern Germany.
An intensified Communist drive
to wreck Western Allied plans in
Germany was forecast by British
and American observers IN Frank
furt.
They said they expected this to
take the form of a Russian-backed
campaign to sow discord among
the German people by appealing
further to their nationalist tend
encies and to upset or slow up the
formation of the Western zones
gouefnmel1t. Il - %a-a, ~y
The Peoples Council IN Berlin
adopted a resolution late today
calling the Atlantic Pact IAN un-
holy alliance"
Western Germany and Berlin"
the resolution declared. have be-
come the advance positions OF
world aggression against The East
lin the military. political and eco
nomic spheres"
The council urged Germans to
resist this aggression on their
existence. security and right Of
self-determination."
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Continued From First Page.)

about western civilization" and
concerning what is possible and
what is impossible in the rela-
tions between the Soviet Union
and the world at large"
Noting that Russian "intransi-
geance" has blocked efforts to
solve most important postwar
problems 50 far, the document
said the. Atlantic Pact should
enhance the likelihood of reach
ing peaceful solutions to pending
problems by making clear the
consequences Of resort to force"
Faced with sufficient flrmness." '"
it added, potential aggressors
have always paused. Firmness
does not in itself provide solutions
of the underlying problems, but
it does increase the readiness OF
ambitious nations to seek solu-
tions by negotiations rather than
by force"
Publication of the White Paper
with its detailed analysis of the
treaty implications followed Off
cial release of the proposed, pact
text Friday and an explanatory
radio address by Secretary OF
State Acheson Friday night.
Commitments Summarized.
The White Paper summarized
the commitments to be under
taken by the nations and ratifying
the treaty thus:
81. To strengthen their free in
stitutions. promote conditions OF
stability and we'll being, and en-
courage economic collaboration.
20. To maintain and develop
their individual and collective ca
pacity to resist armed attack.
"3. To consult if the territorial
integrity, political independence,
or security of anyone of the parties
is threatened.
Il. To consider an armed attack
on any Of the parties as an attack
against all and, consequently. to
take such individual and collec-
tive action, including the use OF
armed force, as each party con-
siders necessary to restore and
maintain the security Of the North
Atlantic area"
The pact reflects the conviction
of the participating nations. the
document added, that "an armed
attack can be prevented only by
making clear in advance their de-
termination collectively to resist
such an attack If it should occur.
Constitution Held No Obstacle.
It insisted that the American
constitutional provision that only
Congress can declare war "does
not present a real obstacle to the
pact"
THE United States the White
Paper added, certainly can obi.
gate itself in advance to take such
action. including the use OF
armed force. as 1t deems necessary
to meet armed attack affecting
its national security"
American military assistance
to help build up the armed forces
of its partners under the pro-
posed treaty was described as "an.
other measure for securing
peace" ,-9.s ~.
The White Paper, gave a1n des
tails of the arms program beins
prepared for submission to Con-
press senaratelY from the treaty
Evening star., 1949-03-20
ATLANTIC Pact Nations Far Exec
Reds in Machines, Resources

I Romanian and Caucasus fields.
The figures are: Russia and her
satellites, 207, ,102 900 barrels; Unit
ed States, 1888. $4,000 barrels.
In that year, oil production in
fields controlled by Western pow
ers and Allied interests totaled
another S08, ,922 900 barrels. most
in South America and the Middle
East. This points up the cease
less interest Russia shows In ad-
vancing her sphere southwark to-
ward Iran. Iraq and Arabia,
where new oil fields have since
been discovered. -
Manpower Contrast Revealing.
Another revealing contrast be-
tween East and West industrial
resources is on trained manpower.
And here again the comparison
between Russian and United
States figures is the most telling
one; even though the figures are
not recent.
In 194l, the Soviet Union re-
ported there were $1,000, 900 per-
sons in its industrial labor force.
That same year there were 55.-
go, 900 people on Americas indus
trial payrolls.
Russia could be expected to have
increased that number consider
ably since then, but q tip-off on
the rate of advance might be
found in similar figures for 1897.
At that time, the Soviets listed
27,000,000 workers as against 49,
100000 for the United States.
Satellites Aid Balanced.
Even though Russia could bol-
ster its own industrial potential
by drawing on it's satellites, the
trained workers in the Atlantic
Pact countries would more than
offset the gain in the Soviet ranks.
For example, Moscow would
increase it's steel production only
to a small degree by using out
put of its subject states. all four
Of which had less than 1000, ,000-
ton output in 1947. Compared
with that, Britain, France. Bel
gium and Luxembourg turned out
about four times as much.
All this is only part Of the to-
tai picture because the British,
French and Dutch overseas re-
sources. for example. have not
been taken into account.
Nor does it take into considera-
ton what the Latin American
countries could be expected to add
to the Western powers industrial
lineup if a showdown comes.
In the last analysis, it was
Americas industrial capacity
which tipped the scales in World
War II against Germany and
Japan-whose production capacity
was far greater then than Russia
has yet achieved.
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Allies Prepare United Defense
To Meet Threat of Major War
is orocrann is estimated

tSeu. This program Is eSClInaVeo
unofficially to cost between ST.
600, ,0o0,0 and $500, 10000 for
the first year.
Such q program would be lone
way in which this nation could
logically contribute to the mutual
aid concept" OF the treaty, al
though it does not expressly COM
NIT the United States to furnish
arms to the other alliance men,
bers, the document said. i.
u. S. One Contributor.
1T is not intended, however.
it added. that one nation should
carry on its shoulders the entire
burden of maintenance Of the
security of the North Atlantic area,
The United States Is one Of the
contributors to this effort = = = Al
location of such military equip
ment as is available for transfer
to other countries must be made
in such a manner as will serve the
overall security interests of the
United States"
Emphasizing that American Sc
curity interests are closely linked
with those Of the other members
of the alliance, the White Paper
said developments in Europe since
World War II have required "in
emergency after emergency" prac-
tical action from the democratic
nations. I'm turn" it said, leach
action has emphasized the
need for Joint defense on a con-
tinuing and intimate basis"
This is provided in the treaty
which the United States, Canada
Great Britain. France, Belgium,
the Netherlands, Norway and Lux
embourg have agreed to sign here
during the first week in April
Italy, Denmark, Iceland and Port
ugal are, expected to accept invita-
tions to join them.
No Bid to Germany, Spain.
There is no prospect of Germany
and Spain being admitted to the
alliance any time soon. The White
Paper had this to say about those
two countries: =,
Various considerations make II
impossible to contemplate all OF
part Of Germany now becoming q
member of the North Atlantic
Pact. The question Of Spain's par
ticipation in the pact is a matter
for decision by all the members
most Of whom do not now consider
that Spain should be included"
The White Paper. printed In
the form Of a 16-page pamphle'
entitled THE North Atlantic
Pact" is for sale by the Govern
ment Printing Office at 10 cents
per copy.
Carrying on the campaign fo1
promotion of public understand
ing of the pact. two high State
Department officials will take
part in q discussion of 1.-THE
United States and Collective Sc
curity," to be broadcast by the
National Broadcasting Co. at z
pm. today.
John Foster Dulles. Republican
foreign affairs expert and men,
ber Of the American delegation
to the United Nations General
Assembly. also will participate
insthe radio discussion. Assistant
Seftetar1srf State lkan Rusk snd
Philip e. Jessup, recently named
an Ambassador at-large. will
represent the State Department
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Neviius
and departing from Washington
National Airport.
planes Travel Over Area.
Continued From First Page0

ana departing IToM WaSill1lsIoh
National Airport.
Planes Travel Over Area.
Airport officials said their north
and northwest runWays-the most
heavily used at the f1eld-each
route large numbers of planes
over or near the Nevius property.
Most planes keep close to the Vir-
ginia side of the Potomac River
because Washington's crowded res
idential areas are prohibited to
the low-flying craft. he explained.
One VA medical official said spe-
cial concern was felt for the roar
Of planes to which sick patients
in the general medical and surgi-
cal hospital would be subjected.
Equally audible, he said, would be
the frequent gunfire salutes and
bugle calls from the adjoining
cemetery.
Both these points were raised
more than two years ago, however,
by opponents Of the original selec-
ton.
/ Onicials pointed out that plans
for the hospital-still in the pre-
liminary stage-must be re-
worked to conform with President
Turman's recent reduction of 49,
900 beds in the vast VA hospital
building program. The order
sliced the Washington hospitals
size from 750 to 500 beds.
The tract, meanwhile. could be
used to expand the cemetery now
that the Government has title to
1t. officials said. It is located at
Lee boulevard and Arlington
Ridge road.
Want Site Near Schools.
They stressed that they still
yknt tfe hospital IR to be near
IGeorget6wa. and " George Wash
ington University Medical Schools,
a factor cited by Gen. Bradley in
his selection.
During the stormy history of
the Arlington tract, Congress for
Ebade its use as 4 hQspitsl site and
then withdrew lti1e ban Rhe Gov
fernment accnde demned I thssland for
the purpose and offered 4s5o. 900
to its owners. headed by Avon
Nevius. retired vice president OF
Riggs Bank. But Circuit Court
Of Appeals last month upheld an
award Of $1,600,000 for the prop
erty.
Indecision about the site. mean
while. leaves the question Of when
the city will get its new veterans
hospital more indefinite than
ever. officials said last July they
hoped construction could begin in
Arlington this spring. but subse-
Iquent events moved plans back to
, the preliminary stage.
Evening star., 1949-03-20
Square Dance Tomorrow

The new West Kepsington Civic
Association will hold a country
square dance at the MeadoWbrook
Recreation Center, Beach Drive.
Chevy Chase, at 8 pm. tomorrow.
DR.. George Sharpe is chairman OF
the committee in charge.
Evening star., 1949-03-20

Cardiff, Wales, is Britain's big
gest coal export port.