Evening star., 1949-07-24
Even Russia.
FallsShOrtOn
Communism
Writers Acknowledge
Difference Between
Workers, Peasants
By Eddy Gilmore

MOSCOW. Complete commu-
nism, it is readily admitted here
has not yet been attained in the
Soviet Union.
The Soviet people, led by the
Communist Party, has built social
ism and is moving from socialism
to communism, 4" Komsomol Pravda
the official organ of the YOUNG
Communists, pointed out in re-
cent article.
Komsomol Pravda said the state
form of dictatorship of the work
ing class In this country is the
Soviet power.
Stain has said that since the
revolution, the Soviet state has
passed through two main phases in
it's development.
Main Tasks Done
In the first phase, the main tasks
were to suppress opposition of the
capitalists and landowners who
had been overthrown, to organize
defense of the nation against in
terventionists, to restore national
economy and prepare for abolition
of the exploiting" classes.
The main tasks of the second
phase were organization OF Social
tst economy throughout the coun-
try. elimination of the last rem
nants of capitalistic elements,
organization of the cultural revo-
luton and organization of a mod
ern army for defense.
That, it is pointed out here, was
the phase which ended with adop-
ton of the new constitution of the
u. s. S. R., Komsomol Pravda said
the functions of the Soviet state
have altered in accordance with
the changing tasks.
The function Of military sup
preston inside the country, kom-
somol Pravda said. has been re-
moved because there are no more
exploiters. Instead. the function
of protecting Socialist property
from thieves and embezzlers has
made its appearance.
Defense Remains
The function of the military de-
fense of the country against at
tacks from outside still remains,
as we'll as punitive organs and in
tellieence now directed against
external foes and necessary for
dealing with spies sent into this
country by bourgeois states"
Glass distinctions, it is admitted
here, do exist in the Soviet Union,
but they will vanish with the
highest phase Of Communist
society.
Red Star has published lengthy
discussion of class distinctions in
the u. S. s. r. by A. Makhov, can
didate of philosophical sciences,
in answer to a readers question.
There remain in our country"
he said. "two friendly classes-the
working class and the peasantry
and, linked with them by all its
roots, the Soviet intelligentsia.
Still Some Distinction
THE alliance between the work.
ing class and the peasantry .
has riven to the highest stage. 1t
would be wrong, however, to deny
that there are still no distinctions
between the working class and the
peasantry of the U. S. S. r.
THE distinctions which still
exist result primarily from the
distinction between two forms OF
communal socialist property"
These are: Cd State property,
CD cooperative kolhoz, or collec-
tive farm, property.
Works, state farms, machine
tractor stations and all state
enterprises are the property of the
whole people.
The collective farms are the
property of the workers belonging
to them. ALI the means of produc-
ton are made communal in state
enterprises. In the collective farms
this applies only to the main
means of production.
A part of the means of pro-
Observation-Disclosures attached to
their houses, productive livestock,
poultry and small items of equip
ment-remain the property of the
collective farmers.
This means" Makhov said,
that the degree of economic ma
turity in social relations is higher
in state enterprises than
in the collective farm. The work
ing class is also the bearer of a
higher form of organization of
collective labor"
Different Wages
The distinction between the
working class and the peasantry
is also to be seen in the manner
by which they receive their in
comes.
The workers receive their in.
comes in the form of weekly wage.
from national funds. The col.
Iective farm workers draw a Ger.
tain fraction of the monetary
and national income of their col.
lective farm according to work.
ing days. At the same time they
draw part of their income from
their own personal holdings.
by its political expert
ence." said Makhoy. "acclIrnu,