davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-02-27
Antitrust Laws Topic
AT Georqetown Today

| A Georgetown University found
table discussion of antitrust legis-
lation will be held at l o'clock this
afternoon in CASTOR Hall on the
campus.
! The speakers will be Senator
O'Mahoney, Democrat, of Wy
oming, an alumnus; DR.. Heinrich
Kronstein, professor of corpora
ton law; and DR.. Josef Solterer
professor of economics. Station
WARL will broadcast the pro-
gram, which will be open to the
public.
Evening star., 1949-02-27
Dr.. Vernon Hart to Speak

DR.. Vernon L. Hart of Min
neapolis, an orthopedic surgeon
and writer, will lecture at 8 pm
tomorrow under auspices of the
Department of Orthopedic Sur
gerry of the George Washington
University School of Medicine at
1885 H street NV.
Evening star., 1949-02-27
President Signs Measure
To Extend Export Control!
BY The Associated Press

President Truman yesterday
signed a bill to extend control
over exports for two years.
The measure provides that the
President. through the Commerce
Department, shall determine the
amount of any commodity to be
exported and issue licenses for it.
The purpose is to limit exports
of scarce materials, and channel
them where this country wants
them to go. 1t is one of the first
segments of President Truman's
Evening star., 1949-02-27

stabilization program to become
law.
AS finally approved by Congress,
the measure would exempt surplus
agricultural commodities, includ-
ing fats and oils, from controls
except where curbs are necessary
to meet national security and for
eign policy requirements.
Evening star., 1949-02-27
District Repair Shop Operating
Mobile Electrical Unit on ruck

need of repair but a room had tc
be reWired. Delays piled up as
they sent for the proper tools and
materials.
The travelling plumbing repair
shop will operate IN the same way
from the back of a truck, he
added.
Evening star., 1949-02-27
ADVERTISEMENT.
.ARTHRIT
NEURlTls
SclATlcA Dk NN(

A fast acting internal medicine called
ROMIND, recently developed by the
ing new hope, happiness and comfort to
thousands of sufferers from the pains
of Arthritis. rheumatism, Neuritis,
Sciatica, Neuralgia and Lumbago.
ROMIND dissolves in the small intes-
tine; then the ingredients are absorbed
into the blood and thus can reach every
part Of the body. That's why it works 10
fast in helping ways: /. First dose
starts curbing pain. 2. Helps Nature
remove excess Uric Acid which often
aggravates pains, soreness and stiff
muscles. 3. Helps you work and sleep in
greater comfort. Get ROMIND from
your druggist today. Quick satisfactioa
aw money back guaranteed.
Evening star., 1949-03-06

about democracy as the more or less putres-
cent corpse of the Goddess Of Liberty" But
1t is clear enough now that there is no free
dom in tyrannical collectivism. That slave
system, stopping at nothing to gain its ends.
cries out to fatigued and frustrated people,
Let us liberate you: you have nothing to
lose but your chains" The cruel hoax in
that fy-and- spider come into my parlor"
game is that mental and often physical
slavery awaits those whom 1t forces or
persuades.
The contemporary attacks upon freedom
by the most sinister forces the ages have
known make 1t seem to those who still
possess it priceless treasure. precious be-
yond compare. But while Democracy Is
alerted against the thraldom OF regimenta-
ton 1t must also be warned against the
thraldom of liberty selfshly misused.
perverted freedom becomes. as John Green
leaf Whittier put 1t. the prison Of the soul.
This is an hour for those outside the Iron
Curtain to listen as our priced Democracy
looks every one straight in the eye and
asks: What do you mean by freedom?
Why do you want it9 Perhaps you have no
right to it,
For instance what Is the use Of demanding
freedom of speech If one has nothing
worthwhile to say? What is the use OF
ranting about freedom of worship If one
really has no God to worship? so-called
freedom standing alone, divorced from the
only things that give it luster, justice, truth,
loyalty, honor, brotherhood, may be but an
instrument to degrade personality or even
with which to commit spiritual suicide.
What made the Prodigal Son a prodigal
was not the RECOMMENDATION Of disciplined
home It was misused liberty. 1t was the
thraldom Of freedom which made him
Evening star., 1949-03-06
. Are Noted Here and abroad

Foreign aid officials fear that Congress
may turn the new multi billion dollar
European Recovery Program into sort
of standby pump-priming operation for
the American economy. The Economic
Cooperation Administration (ECA has had
easy sailing thus far in congressional
committees with its $5,580000.000 second
wear request But there are indications
dozen or more amendments may be offered
when the Marshall Plan bill reaches
House and Senate floors. The riders" 1t
is indicated. will call for legislative
guarantees that the bulk of ECA-f1nanced
purchases come from the United States.
Coal men want the United States to pro-
vide 100000 tons Of coal month.
Independent oil producers want preference
given to American petroleum Cotton
shippers support plan to help dispose OF
American surpluses. Pacific Northwest
Senators have proposed an additional
$10O 900 900 year to send apples. pears and
other fruits and nuts. American cargo
insurance companies. tobacco producers
and flour millers have stake in suggested or
pending amendments. ECA Administrator
Paul G. Hoffman is trying to beat down
every proposal which would divert ECA
funds from their principal purpose Of putting
Europe on it's feet. 1t would cost taxpayers
hundreds of millions of dollars year.
Mr Hoffman says, to meet all requests Tor
special consideration. And he adds: More
Importantly, European self-suff1ciency by
midyear of 1852 will become an unrealizable
goal"
Evening star., 1949-03-06
The Senatorial Oath

Senator Watkins of Utah has taken The
Star to task for urging editorially-aS he
sees it-that Senators should violate their
oath to uphold the Constitution in connec-
ton with ratifying a North Atlantic
security pact.
The Star does not in any way question
Senator Watkins sincerity in this matter.
But he has misinterpreted The Stars
editorial position, and, more Importantly,
he seems to have missed the main point
Of the proposal for a security pact
The Utah Senator quoted excerpts from
An editorial published February 81 which,
standing alone, might seem to support his
claim that The Star urged Senators to
violate their oath. But he did not quote
this sentence of the editorial: IF we are
to have any hope Of security, then the peo-
pie of the United States must insist that
their Senators and their President ap-
proach this matter (the security pact) in
the spirit of accepting the maximum COM
mitment that is constitutionally possible"
This goes to the heart of the controversy.
Senator Watkins is among those who be-
heve that the Senate should not and can
not ratify treaty which would contain
any commitment, formal or informal,
military or moral, for the United States
to 60 to the aid of an ally attacked by
Russia. The Star does not believe this Is
the proper attitude. While not processing
competence to pass judgment on the
constitutional question involved, this news
paper most emphatically believes that our
80
hope, turns on the willingness OF the Sen
ate to assume the maximum commitment
that Is constitutionally possible, and to do
this in a spirit of resolution which cannot
be misinterpreted abroad.
Senator Watkins says: II do not believe
that the Eighty-frst Congress has the
power to say that American schoolboys= OF
today shall be the front-Ane forces In any
conflict that might occur five, ten or
fifteen years from now, or generation
from now"
It would be nothing short OF tragic II
this should become the prevailing view.
For the simple truth is that the Eighty-flrst
Congress will have nothing to say about 1t.
II war of aggression should begin in
Europe, or anywhere else, the schoolboys
of today will be in the front line forces, no
matter what might be the wishes OF the
Eighty-first Congress.
In such war, the chances are the front
line will be right here at home. The
schoolboys of today and the schoolboys
of tomorrow will be among its victims.
The one real hope is to prevent that war
from starting And the one best chance
of preventing it lies in stand by this
country which will make it as clear as
possible that never again will we make the
error of trying to sit idly by in the face
of aggression.
Evening star., 1949-03-06

itself is fully feet in height and makes
a very excellent advertisement for the show.
Last evening the attendance was about
evenly divided between the bicycle girls and
the bicycle boys, with big sprinkling OF
older people of both sexes. Providing
for an afternoon session was very wise
move on the part of the management.
large number of persons visited the hall
during the course of the day and among
the number were many children. who
seemed to take especial delight in the beau,
tiful displays" Dancing was an attraction
in the evening. the National Guard Band
providing the music. The "prettiest lady
in the room" was given prize. Flowers
were distributed Exhibitors included the
Cleveland Cycle Co.. r. M. Dobbins '6s Co.,
Rich g. Bros. and Jones & Fellows
The British poet and novelist, Rudyard
Kipling, was desperately sick at Lne Ho1eI I,l
Grenoble In new 1ork
p,dvo,d K;nIino on March 2, 1899, and
his daughters jose
DICK phine and Elsie, also
u,ere II, with nneumonia The Star printed
fraouent bulletins on the condition OF the;
sufferers It said that Mrs. Kipling and her 8
small son John had not been stricken. Inc
how lived to give his life in the First world :
war a hero of the Irish GUARDS. But
Josephine. the elder of Johns sisters, did =
not recover. Kipling never forgot her JOSS
at the tender age of s. Three decades :
afterward he could not speak OF the ehlld =
without sorrow. Perhaps the tragedy had
something to do with his critical attltuder
toward America In the final portion OF h0
career.
Evening star., 1949-03-06
For Better Juries

Federal Judge Harold r. Medina has
been exceedingly patient in listening to
attacks by counsel for twelve Communist
leaders on New York's so-called blue rib
bon jury system.
The trial of these defendants, charged
with conspiracy to advocate forcible over
throw of the Government, began January
IT, The actual trial is expected to start
tomorrow. This whole interval has been
given over to an attack by the lawyers
for the defense on New York's method Of
Jury selection, and, incidentally, to In
flammatory attacks on Judge Medina.
The New York system, as explained by
Senior Judge John C. Knox, who put 1t
into effect ten years ago, is aimed at Sc
lecting juries of intelligence, judgment and
experience. The lawyers for the Commu-
nists contend, and Judge Knox denies,
that the real aim is to select class-con-
scious juries-juries from which manual
workers, Jews, Negroes and political leftists
are Systematically excluded.
That the issue which this challenge
raises is an important one cannot be
denied. For if the defense claims and the
inferences which the defense would have
drawn are true, then it would follow that
these defendants and many others would
be deprived of the traditional right to in
dictment and trial by juries of their peers.
OF course, the issue is one of fact, and the
factual showing which these defendants
have made is not impressive. Nevertheless,
Judge Medina probably has been well ad-
vised to give them full opportunity to make
their case.
At least two benefits can be expected.
One is a rather extraordinary showing to
the world that this capitalist court is
bending over backwards to give the
accused Communists a fair trial. The
other lies in the prospect of final ruling
on this important issue of "handpicked'
iuries Presumably this case, including
this particular issue, will be carried to
the Supreme Court, and that will give the
justices there chance to decide whether
the New York system is within the bounds
of legally permissible jury selection Such
a ruling is desirable, for the intelligent
administration of justice requires inteln-
Evening star., 1949-03-06

Russia and the Western Powers, with
ominous war breeding possibilities. This
obviously re-emphasize the role Of the
Army and its responsibilities.
Precisely how a new balance between
the military and civilian authorities is to
be struck has not yet been decided. 1t Is
now under consideration by our top policy
makers, who are going to Germany in
order to study the problem on the spot
But that the role of the State Department
will be enhanced and made primary seems
to be a foregone conclusion.
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Spires Of the Spirit
The ThraldOm of Freedom %
Danger Seen in Liberty Unqualified and Unapprecated
Emancipation Unlimited and Misused
By the Req. Frederick Hs.,i. D. D., LmD.
~ Harris, d. d., Lit. D.

slave, as inebriated by the heady wine Of
liberty he exchanged the salutary restraints
of Q normal home for the far country and
kinship with swinish companions. From
the tangled tragedy Of his degradation he
was ready to trade of his debauched liberty
for security: Make me-" he said, AS one
of the hired servants
Amid all the cry Of today-"we want
freedom We want freedom!"-the pungent
question Is, Freedom for what?" As another
has put 1t: after all. there is no particular
virtue in wanting freedom for itself. Even
a fish wants to be free. Every wild animal
will fight to the death for its freedom. Don't
imagine you're a noble breed just because
you want freedom" Always that question
fronts one. What do you want to do with It?
Free America Is teeming with slaves. peo-
pie who enslave themselves with the gift OF
freedom as they fling aside all bits. throw
away all brides. A modern novel by Aldous
Huxley. "Eyeless Gaza," tells the story. In
that book as in q mirror We see wealthy
people, educated, cultured. emancipated-
oh. yes, don't forget that, emancipated-but
pathetically empty, having lost the emo
tional capacity for loyalty to any one or
anything.
They talk continually of their right to be
free; yet haven't the first idea why they were
meant to be free. They go to the seashore.
rush off to the Riviera, drink themselves
into bestia1 state, sit around tables. gamble
themselves bankrupt. trying frantically to
get away from each other, and yet they
never can get away from their own petty.
shriveled selves.
The quintessence Of liberty Is that per-
son never can be free until he is a captive
captured by something greater than him.
self. Busy people will throng a great music
hall, enthralled as they listen to one who
is master because he was willing to be
slave He is there. the one before the multi
tudes, because ne has made himself the
prisoner Of music. Those hands sweeping
the responsive keys with interpretative
touch are free because they have been bound.
So Is 1t in every realm Of art and Of skill.
So Is 1t In the high levels of the spirit
Abraham Lincoln had the prophetic truth
Of it: Shall some great giant from overseas
reach out and crush us? No. We will exist
forever as a Nation Of free men, or die by
suicide" It was the thraldom Of freedom
he was fearing.
voice from ancient Rome, that Of the
sage Epictetus, uttered a timeless truth, as he
declared: mo bad man is really free"
The old hymn has captured in two lines
the secret Of the only true liberty there is:
Make me captive, Lord.
And then I shall be free"
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Changes Over Germany

Although current changes within the
State Department center on Germany
they apply to all our occupation commit
ments In both Europe and the Far East
and denote further changes which would
profoundly alter our method of dealing
with all of them.
The outstanding departmental shift is
the elimination of the office of Assistant
Secretary of State for Occupied Areas 1t
should be understood that this office had
Jurisdiction over our Occupation Zones in
Germany and Austria, Trieste, Japan ana
Korea But the implementation of de-
partmental policy was carried out by the
Army with political advisers from State.
Henceforth, there is to be departmental
segregation of those obviously diverse mat
ters Germany and Austria are to be
handled by new Office, while Japan and
Korea are to be transferred to the once OF
Far Eastern Affairs. This would seem
clearly to foreshadow civilian control over
occupied areas, with our authorities in
those areas reporting directly to the State
Department rather than to the Army. 1t
should, of course, be understood that MILL
tary personnel will remain to maintain
order and uphold the authority of the
United States. But they would no longer
have the immediate responsibility and on
the-spot initiative.
The desirability of such shift has long
been argued and was recently recon-
mended by the Hoover Commission, which
reported that division of authority be-
tween Army and State in the occupied
areas had given rise to SERIOUS frictions'
between the two departments.
1t may be asked why the existing set
up has persisted; indeed, why 1t was ever
originally inaugurated. The reasons, how
ever, are understandable. Conditions in
the occupied areas at the close of the late
war required the predon1inance of the
military in their handling. This military
emphasis was considered as temporary
phase: because it was then assumed that
the Big Four would cooperate for cef1ni-
tive peace settlements which would obviate
or at least greatly minimize the military
aspect. Unfortunately, things did not work
out that way The zonal divisions of Ger
many and Austria, in particular, tend TO
be prolonged indefinitely aggravated by
the sharp hantagonism between Soviet
Evening star., 1949-03-06
'ODerution EcIipse'

The eclipse of the sun in May, 1948, was
grand success, so far as scientific OBJ
servation Of 1t was concerned This has
been announced as the result of careful
study of solar photographs made by
parties sent out by the National Geo.
graphic Society to stations along a $500
mile arc stretching from lower Burma to
the Aleutians. The observation of "the
greater light was recorded against
rhythmic background of chronometers
ticking every second. Thus it has been
possible to measure the passing of the
shadow in terms of time as we'll as dis
tance. Two B-29s, flying 10000 feet above
the EARTH carried cameras into high levels
of atmosphere So degrees below zero.
AS expressed in the official report of
the expedition, "the success of the air.
borne operation :. promises to provide
scientists with eclipse insurance .. in
years to come" Hitherto, astronomers
were "tied to the ground because a sta
tionary platform for instruments was
believed necessary to obtain reliable data.
Now that the new aerial technique has
demonstrated marked effectiveness scien-
fists can plan on using the moving platform
of the airplane to supplement or duplicate
observations made from stationary plat
forms on the ground Moreover the
airplane gives them veto over bad
weather"
No eclipse of the future need be missed
because of intervening clouds. Observers
can and will fly over the haze Such
enterprises prior to last May were unsuc-
cessful because of lack of technique
for continuous plotting on the earth.
Meanwhile, research has been proceeding
with motion pictures-100,000 frames OF
them-obtained especially over the Aleu-
tians. The men who are engaged In this
work declare that what they are doing
will enhance human knowledge of the size
and shape of the earth.
OF course there are problems involved
in every eclipse enterprise. Doubtless the
lay public is tempted to think that there
are more difficulties than there are solu-
tions But progress in celestial research
is real. Operation Eclipse" proved that
a carefully organized ground air combina
ton is the answer to the challenge of any
blackout of the sun or the moon. In rela-
ton to improvement In geography the
gain Is tremendous.
Evening star., 1949-03-06
Overseas Items

JOHANNESBURG, South Africa. - The
United Party of Jan Christian Smuts, pro-
British former Prime Minister will begin
comeback try Wednesday in voting for pro-
vincial counclmen, similar to American
State legislators.
LONDON-Sir Thomas Elmhirst. chief of
the Indian Air Force, will come to Britain
soon to buy more aircraft. Britain gives
India high priority for planes.
WARSAW.-The Polish government claims
it has now expelled all Germans from for
mer Eastern Germany, except for about
10000 prisoners of war, and has replaced
them with 100000 Poles.
Evening star., 1949-03-06

10 De LQe OeSC Known luQlVlQudl Ol a TdCe
Of ten millions of people" said The Star OF
February Is. 1899, 'is
Proise for Leader, no small responsible
Booker Woshinoton ity, and yet that Is
probably the position
which Booker T. Washington holds today
with regard to the Negroes of this country.
AS Frederick Douglass grew to be an old man.
the question was often asked who was to
take his place as leader OF the colored people
Of the United States. Until the time of the
Atlanta Exposition in 1894, there had ap-
peared no probable successor. The address
of Booker T. Washington at the exposition
challenged the attention Of the entire coun-
try. He was at the time the comparatively
unknown principal Of a recently established
struggling school for colored young men and
women in > . = Alabama. In the short time
which has elapsed since the delivery of the
Atlanta address. Mr.. Washington's achieve
ments and the very general recognition OF
his talents and ability have brought him so
prominently before the public that it seems
quite proper to speak of him as the best
known colored man in the United States
today At the time these words were writ
ten. the famed head Of Tuskegee Institute
had IS years of service still to give his people
and his country. He died November IA,
l915-as result of overwork.
The Star for February %, 1899. announced
1.-The race of the cohrier of United States
Judge Clayton's court for the
WoIIo 1onko life Of Walla Tonka the con-
Renr;eved demned Choctaw Indian, was
won by hairs breadth by the
courier who made the wild ride from South
McAlester to Alikchi. Walla Tonka was to
have been shot Monday morning for the
murder of his uncle and came to the execu-
ton grounds, as he had promised to do, hav-
ing been at liberty pending final action OF
the court and touring the West as member
of baseball team while on parole. Last
week reprieve for rehearing of the case
was ordered by Judge Clayton, and the
courier dispatched on the 80-mile journey.
Rain was falling in torrents. and there was
every cause for fear that he could not make
Alikchi' The messenger had but one horse
to carry him the entire distance. Man and
beast swan two flooded rivers. and when
the Seven Devils Hill was reached, the
broncho fell to the ground with the rider,
and both slept, though but 10 miles from
Alikchi Before dawn they were UP again,
and finally the broncho bearing the courier
staggered to the execution grounds. where
the witnesses, the executioners and stolid
Walla Tonka were awaiting the fatal mo-
ment. The Indian heard his reprieve with
out comment" Who the courier was is not
mentioned in the report from Antlers, Indian
Territory.
Half century ago crowds were attending
the Washington cycle show at the Light In
fantry Armory, Fifteenth and
CycIe Show E streets NV. The Star OF
po,nlor March /, 1899, explained: The
immense lamp which reached
the city Monday afternoon has been mounted
on the lawn in front of the entrance to the
hal It) was placed on high pedestal,
and last evening was Illuminated with sue.
cess. An arc electric light has been placed
in the interior. and the reflection OF the
light extends some distaPce. The lamp
Evening star., 1949-03-06

LICE Spll IL.
Thy m a n d at e s
make tyranny trem-
BILE" marches out Of
a national anthem
to become Democra-
cy's sacred vow to
d e + e n d its liberty
and to become the
arsenal for threat
ened people every
where who passion
ately desire to stay
free.
Raucous voices
with bitter anathe-
mas talk Scornfully