davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-11-07


IntBR&D2A571oo 20
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Evening star., 1949-11-07

Hourly Sales On The Exchanss Today,
l:00 am. 23o 600 1890 noon sac ooc
100 pm. 71o 600 300 pm. 600 ooC
tUnit ,of trading 10 shares. IN psnk-
rnptcy q receiversntp Or being fsorsani.sd
dsnds d the iorssoins tsbis @ srs Z annual 1ss
or semisnnusl declaration. uniess othefs.
wiss noted. sDsctal on sxtfs diyfderds sfs
not included. cd Called. d dividend.
stoei dividend Cab Of stoeE ! Paid
last year. fPsyable in stock. ess.mate1
snsn yalls .,S Sn eEdiabidsnd ,bs dsts ps
or paid after stock dividend Of splif-up.
{ Declared O. paid this year. an sccumuik-
this year. dividend omitted. deferred OF 10
action taken at last dividend meeting
{ Declared 104s payable ia ie49. ~ Lidui-
eash vaiues nndstsrninsd On ,dssisrstsOp
Evening star., 1949-11-07
N. Y. Bond Market
LIST INCLUDES ONLY sELECTED issues
Furnished by the Associated preos.)

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Evening star., 1949-11-07
FOREIGN Exchange

:. NEW YORK, Nov. z R.-Foreign ex-
change rates follow (Great Britain IN dol.
lars, others in cents): Canadian dollar in
New York open market, ell per cent dis
Europe-oreat Britain (pound), .2.s0a,
UNCHANGED; Great Britain 3o-day futures,
Z. 2.s0N, UNCHANGED; Great. Britain 60-dey
90 day future1. 2.s0Ea, unbalanced: France
0ranc).. .2sN Of cent. up .00i.: 1taly
Gira). ..16h o. cent. unehanRed; Sweden
ffronst fIensY tfrs. sIs cnanss 81 81 Of cent
Latin America-Argentina (free), 11.20,
unbalanced; Brazil lfree). $50, unchanged;
Mexico, 1I.67. unchanged.
Evening star., 1949-11-07
Odd-Lot Dealings
LIST NcLupEs oNLY sElEcTED IssuE
Dy the Assoeiotsd Press

The Securities and Exchange Commis.
sion reported today these transactions hy
customers with odd-lot dealers or special.
November 4: 4,435 purchase Involving
2.S94 shares; sales involving 141, ,SOz
shares involving 1884 orders. includins
The same report for November 8: 1.793
purchases involving 50,2S4 shares, sales
involvong SO 347 shares. involving 1.905
on a orders
Evening star., 1949-11-07
New York Cotton

NEW YORK. Nov. R.-Cotton fu-
lures following early irregularity. turned
higher today. trading volume, however,
was not broad.
Short covering continued to make itG
appearance In the nearby December de-
s trade ns n.s price nfas vas sv
ings we're limited to profit taking and
some shedsing.
Neon prices were s to 20 cents bale
ber, so .O7; March. 90. 90, and May, 90. 81 i.
Evening star., 1949-11-07
al S1,005,4o0,e23 Ss9O.2
Banking Bills Listed.

Awaiting House action in the
next Congress is q bill passed by
the Senate which makes provision
for conversion of Federal savings
and loan associations into mu-
tual savings banks, II law Of State
permits conversion Of mutual saw
ings banks into Federal savings
and loan associations. The bill
is pending in the House Banking
and Currency Committee.
The Senate Agriculture Commit
tee has a bill passed by the House
which provides for retirement of
Government capital in Banks for
Co-operatives. The Senate Bank
ing and Currency Committee has
reported bill passed by the House
which places national banks on
an equality with State banks with
respect to conversion or merger.
Another bill permits Federal
Land Banks to borrow from Fed
eral Reserve Banks while another
amends the Social Security Act.
The bill to liberalize FILA mort
gage insurance is pending on the
Senate calendar and will arouse
wide interest when Congress re-
opens.
Financial District Notes.
The Federal Reserve Board is
sued a call for the condition of
all State banks In the Federal
Reserve System today, dated No
vember /.
Washington will send q very
large delegation to the annual
meeting Of the American Bankers
Association next year, as 1t is to be
held in New York.
Hartwell Taylor. vice president
Of the Bank of Virginia. Rich
mond, has assumed leadership Of
the American Institute Of BANK
ing. While elected In the spring,
the new president does not take
Office until fall.
The Credit Policy Commission
of the ABA will hold a conference
In January in Chicago that is
already arousing wide interest as
many other problems vital to
bankers will be considered.
The Washington Stock Exchange
will be closed tomorrow when the
New York exchange is closed on
account of the New York election.
The banks and building and loan
associations will be open as usual,
but will close next Friday for
Armistice Day.
Evening star., 1949-11-07

New Ysrk, New Haven q Hart
ford Railroad elected Arthur r.
Stinson treasurer and n. n,
Breitenstein assistant treasurer.
s American AirIines appointed
Michael " J. Wardell eastern
regional director Of public re-
lations.
Evening star., 1949-11-07
Metal Quototions

NEW YORK, Nov = 0H.-spot non
ferrous metals prices today: Copper, 1874
cents pound. Connecticut Valley. Lead.
10 cents Q pound. New York. Zinc, oN
esnts pound. East St. LoutsA
Evening star., 1949-11-07

WCRLU BANK :
IntBR&D3s72 lo2 -
IntBR&D2A571oo 20
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-09-10
MIAMI TIMES, MIAMI, FLORIDA
PAGE TEN SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1e4e
Negro Home-OWners
Meet Problem Of Finance

tons are affiliated with the League,
and have aggregate assets of slight
ly less than $S,OOO,O0O. Since the
group was founded last November,
these four building and loan associa-
tions have Joined: Watts Savings
and Loan, Los Angeles; Tran-Bay
, Federal Savings and Loan, San
Francisco; Atlanta Mutual Building
Loan and Saving, Atlanta, and In
dustrial Savings and Loan, Cincin-
natl.
J. S. Stewart of Durham. secre-
tary-treasurer Of the Mutual Build
ing and Loan Of that city was elect
ed president. He succeeds H. A.
Howard, president Of the Broadway
Federal Savings and Loan Associa-
ton, Los Angeles, founder Of the
League who relinquished the office
because Of the constitutional ban
against successive terms. All other
officers We're reelected, the major
ones being Maurice e. Collette,
Berkeley, Citizens Mutual Building
and Loan Association, Norfolk, Sec
retary-treasurer and Wilbur Hal
yard, Columbia Savings and Loan
Association, Milwaukee, assistant
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES.
The Home Federal Savings and
Loan Of Detroit was the host.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-09-10

DETROIT - Negro families in
the United States are improving
their ability to acquire their own
homes, and are the most striking
group of prospects in the 1950s, &C.
cording to Franklin Harding Jr. of
Chicago, vice president of the U. S.
Savings and Loan League. He was
one Of two speakers heard here
Wednesday at the second annual
meeting Of the American Savings
and Loan League, comprising Negro
savings and loan institutions.
The two factors which have most
to do with home ownership achieve
ment, he said, are income level of
the family and the availability Of
financing on reasonable terms. Both
Of these factors are less Of handi-
caps than heretofore. Mr.. Hardinge
concluded.
c. c. Spaulding, president Of the
North Carolina Mutual Insurance
company, told the League also that
the field of finance is wide open for
Negroes as avenues for business ca
reers, as well as medium for deal
ing with our own problems. He
urged greater participation.
Eleven of the rs eligible assUcia-
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-09-10

Shown above are many outstand-
ing Negro business and civic leaders
who as officers and delegates at
tended the combined convention of
the National Negro Business League
and the American Housewives
league in Detroit last week. Horace
Sudduth, president of the business
league, is seen wearing white suit
in the front row, right center.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-09-10
Sacrifice

BY William Henry Huff for AMP
drank the dregs Of sacrifice
To get q little learning;
! said taboo to every vice
For them, T was not yearning.
saw afar beyond my nose
The things that were uplifting,
Which were and are beyond the
throes
OF persons who are drifting.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-09-10
100000 Check Giuen To
Fla. A. & NJ. Hospital Fund

TALLAHASSEE, Fla, August 194S
Payment on construction costs of
the new Florida A and M College
hospital has just taken a step for
ward.
On behalf of the city, Mayor Rob
ert Parker gave Norman 3. Jordan,
Quincy member of the State Board
of Control, a check for $100,0 to
meet building expenses, it was an
nounced yesterday as Acting Presi-
dent H. Manning Efferson looked on.
City Auditor-Clerk George c.
White said, ''The payment was made
by Tallahassee to assist in providing
hospital facilities for the Negroes
of this community"
The new hospital is scheduled to
be completed in May of 1850 and
will open within a couple of months
after that date.
1t will offer four year nursing
course to students and also will pro-
vide inferno training for Negro doc
tors.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-09-10
CLINIC PLANS MADE

Plans for out patient clinics are
also being drawn now. Highest pri-
orlty is being given to a prenatal
clinic and pediatric center. Hospi-
tai members hope to have a polio
clinic, orthopedic clinic. and dental
+ clinics at the new hospital,
Eye, ear. nose and throat treat
ment will also be available to Negro
patients.
White and Negro doctors will serve
on the staff. -
The nursing school will offer the
fun course here in Tallahassee. AT
present student nurses are required
to travel to Jacksonville and the
veterans hospital at Tuskegee, Ala,
for practical training.
A and M is the first Negro college
in the country to offer collegiate
training for nurses. The nursing
school was founded in 1886.
The Miami times. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1923-current, 1949-09-10

Standing to the left beside him is
Mrs. Christian Fuqua, president of
the housewives league. Mr.. Sudduth
announced at the close Of the con-
vention seven organizations includ-
ing the housewives league had vot-
ed to join with the business league
in its fight to gain Negro integra-
ton into the American economic pic
ture. - AMP.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

surrounding serfs, vassals, villains
and bondsmen.
In Britain, at one blow in 1862
King Henry With, in an edict OF
injunction, more sweeping than
any yet written under ft-Hart-
ley, destroyed that system. He for
feited all the guild halls and pro-
perty including the homes for the
aged; the standards and emblems
all the benefit funds and treasures
of all the guilds and cancelled all
their rights and privileges.
This stroke was followed over
the years by: the enclosure acts;
the conspiracy laws against work
ers' attempts to set wages or other
terms; the seven year minimum
for apprentices; the vagabond acts.
Repressions followed in other coun-
tries until throughout the western
world Labor Days all but vanished
into the miseries of the developing
factory system, for 320 long years,
perhaps the worst ones working
people have ever seen.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

Battle for your cause
Equal rights for every neighbor
Down with tyrant's lawsw
The ''"tyrants" probably did not
shake as much as the Knights al
legged. Morgan had just pulled his
New York Central coup with "The
Public Be Damned" w. H. Wander
bilt, Rockefeller, extending his oil
monopoly, at the moment had just
forced the Pennsylvania Railroad
into his rebate and drawback"
system whereby he not only secur-
ed rebates on his own shipments
but also the excess in rates levied
against his competitors. Buccane-
ers Jim Fisk, Daniel Drew and Jay
Gould were still looting the Erie
Railroad. Andrew Carnegie had
just bought the mighty Homestead
Mills near Pittsburgh to add to his
Edgar Thompson Works at Brad
dock, and was telling his Laurence
Phipps to be nice to the Home
stead workers union,-for the time
being. Charley Schwab, the future
founder of U. S. Steel and Bethle-
hem, was 20 years old, just finish
ing his first year as Chief Engine
er for Carnegie and had no pre-
mentions that his power was gone.
In fact, quite the reverse.
The Knights were unconcerned
about possible trade union rivals.
Many had been at Terre Haute and
Pittsburgh the year before to help
launch the Federation Of Organic
ed Trades and Labor Unions of the
United States and Canada on the
call of carpenters leader Peter ].
Mcclure (who was yet to earn the
title of Father of Labor Day").
They were sorry but not surprised
that the Federation had declined
and might be flop.
They would have been surprised
to know they were participating in
the first annual Labor Day cele-
bration in America!
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

Conquest of 1906, the guilds pro-
vided an effective system for cor
rection of abuses. In each shop op-
Grated by a master there was one
journeyman and one apprentice de-
signated to take up grievances for
their fellows. Members of ruling
bodies of a guild in a community
were known as Guildmasters. A
percentage of journeymen were
seated as Guildmasters and repre-
sented their fellows in the shops,
securing adjustment of grievances
appealed to them. The Guildmast-
.ers set the hours of work, working
conditions and pay rates; ruling as
to the amount and quality of cloth
ing, lodging and food at the mast
ers table, to be given apprentices.
Most spectacular evidence of
guild democracy was in their num-
erous guild days, patron saints
days and other holidays, enjoyed
alike from apprentice to masters,
with professions, carnivals, enor-
NOUS feats. and drinking bouts. 1t
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

ON THE FIRST MONDAY ir
September. 1882, in New York
City, mighty labor parade and
demonstration of unity welcomed
the first non-secretive General AS
sembly Of the Knights of Labor. II
was truly inspiring tribute, New
York being peerless in public ac-
clamations. The Knights, with
twelve years of secrecy behind
them, loved it,
Among labor organizations, the
Knights alone had met the tests of
the terrible depression of 1873
1880, steadily increasing in streng-
tn. Their secret assemblies had
been rooted in from coast to coast.
Members had engaged in the des-
perate railroad, mine and iron mill
strikes of the late 70's, with honor.
They had had successes in political
action also. Congress at their in
sistence had passed the Homestead
Law lin 1880) a measure fought
for by labor since advocated by
George Henry Evan in 1840. Ter
ence V. Powderly, new successor
to founder Uriah S. Stephens as
Grand Master Workman, had with
ease been elected mayor of Scran-
ton, Pa. There were scores Of other
such election successes.
So, they were certain in 1882
that they had organizing techni-
ques, a program and the ability to
finance struggles that would lead
labor to victories, now they had
thrown off that web of secrecy
which Stephens had woven so art
fully for protection against Pink
erton spies. They expressed all this
with gusto as they paraded in New
York on the first Monday of that
September singing:
'Toiling millions now are waking
See them marching on
As the tyrants now are shaking
Ere their powers gone.
Storm the Fort! Ye Knight of
Labor
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

! THE GREAT LABOR RALLY
| on the First Monday of September
1882 so inspired the New Yorl
unions that they repeated the per
formance on that day in 1883 anC
1884, even with no Knights O.
Labor convention to greet.
The Knights in General Assem-
bly, elsewhere in 1884, missed the
New York hullaballoo, SO adopted
a resolution that the First Monday
in September should be a Labor
Day Holiday and legally enacted as
such. The delay could be pardoned
Things had been hectic.
They had won two outstanding
strikes on the Union Pacific Rail
road, and in so doing had faced up
to and brushed a side the current
Anti Mormon hate campaign, a
screaming meemie, more corrosive
than the earlier Know Nothing s
Anti-Irish poison.
Jay Gould had just been met in
strikes on his Missouri Pacific; T;
Missouri, Kansas & Texas; and
Wabash lines. A great victory was
in hand.
In Congress, the Knights had
won legislation for a National Bur-
eau Of Labor Statistics, which was
being set up in the Department of
Interior. State Bureaus had been
won in several states as we'll.
Labor's fight for statistics started
by the National Labor Union in
1867 was won.
The Knights membership had
multiplied five times over and was
past the half million mark. Hadn't
it paid to abandon secrecy, Pink
Ierton or no?
Old Allan Pinkerton had certain
ly seen the first Labor Day of two
years previously as a great day,
worth millions to him, his finks
and spies. At that time the union
smashing racket was dull. Then it
had been four years since Pinker-
ton, to smash the National Miners
Association, had caused the hang
ing of the last of eleven Irish
miners leaders and had sent the
last of 68 others to prison for
fading and abetting" in the Molly
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

Lingg had beaten the lynchers only
by suicide.
That message, largely suppress
ed by the press, met storm of
vilification against Altgeld, indelib-
ly branding him as anarchist" and
destroying his liberal forces, or so
Cleveland and Hanna jubilantly
thought. That they were proved
wrong came as no surprise to Alt
geld and Mcclure, who had seen
labor vote on the Haymarket case,
with its feet, slipping away from
the knights of Labor in the hund-
reds of thousands when its leaders
screamed that Parsons and his as
sociates should be "summarily
dealt with-blottled from the face
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

Mcguire travesty. By the time OF
the 1884 Knights convention, Pink
erton's doldrums were over. His
operatives were certainly there ir
numbers. The only question is
how high had they squirmed?
At that convention the Knights
Grand Council committed one in
defensible act. Dele egates of
Knights assemblies of coal miners
accompanied by representatives of
unaffiliated miners unions sought
an industrial union type of Trades
Assembly Charter like that of the
Glass Blowers famous Assembly
800. The Council flatly refused it
then granted one to the Brewery
Workers. Whispers that the de-
nial was due to miners refusal to
support officials for reelection
were never backed up. 1t was the
kind of dissension Pinkerton had
been creating for forty years, with
none the wiser.
The miners were outraged. In
short order they secured exactly
that kind of charter from the Fed
Grafton of Organized Trades and
Labor Unions. Within twelve
months under it they built the
powerful National Federation of
Miners and Mine Laborers; helped
put new life in their parent body
and later helped to reorganize it
into the American Federation of
Labor. Between whiles they won
a contract from coal operators in
seven principal states. The miners
union was never to be crushed
again.
The conflict between the FEEDER
alton and the Knights tied up with
such events could never be undone
and was a factor in the struggle to
secure Labor Day by law. On Feb
ruary 21, 1887, two and half
years after the Knights resolution,
Oregon enacted the first bill MAX
ing the First Monday in Septem-
Der a legal holiday to be known as
Labor Day. On March 18th Colo
rado did the same. New York, New
Jersey and Massachusetts follow
ed and there the program rested
for seven years both as to the
states and as to Congress.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

of the earth, and joining the A.
F. of L. whose Frank Roney on a
national tour had blamed the bomb
upon the police and demanded
labor support and fair trial for
the accused.
A simultaneous move by the lib
erals was to create unity between
labor and the Populist Party, its
Oranges and Farmers's alliances,
bringing their members into the
Democratic Party and making ac-
tive precinct captains and commit
teemen of them. Peter j. Mcclure
stumped the country adding, 40
cent hourly wages" to the old Pop
ulist war-cry, Fight 1919 mort
gages-10 cent cornw He dramatis-
ed the unity sought with "Togeth-
er we can whip the 10-10-10" The
party's town, country and state
committee posts began to move
into liberal hands.
Cleveland's forces woke up. Pas
sage of the perennially pigeon
holed Knights bill to legalize the
First Monday in September as
Labor Day would show Cleveland
as the true friend of labor and ex-
pose Altgeld, whose Illinois had
not adopted that act.
Mcclure rushed to Washington,
united labor and liberal forces be-
hind the Labor Day bill and the
Cleveland coup was turned into a
liberal victory, particularly since
at the last minute some Cleveland
men united with Republicans to
amend the act so that enactment
was also required by each state to
make it effective therein Using the
strong Cleveland signature mess
age of June "a, 1894 as ammuni-
tion, Mcclure pushed the Labor
Day act through most Of the states
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

to Eleusis, down which, following
daylight, their masters and mis-
tresses must walk between them
and take their punishment. When
an Athenian worker said, an take
it out of his hide" he was only
stating the law.
The Sewell l.. Averys or other
NAM. ilk of that time were espec-
tally unpopular with their families
on that march. They walked alone
to enable their blood kin to keep
out of the range of the stones or
brickbats that were due. Not even
the top army and navy brass was
exempt from the rigorous going
over, for on the cline" were the
powerful organizations of the mer-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1949-09-01

that had not acted on the old
Knights measure. His only labor
opposition came from socialist and
anarchist groups committed to May
First as labor's holiday.
Thus Peter j. Mcclure was truly
father of Labor Day, maybe of
both such days. AS a strike leader
in both of the strikes May Day
commentaries, he certainly had a
major part in conceiving that holi-
day, even if others nourished and
brought up that offspring.
So it was that 332 years after
the destruction of the guilds and
their Labor days, workers through
out the world now have such holi-
days again, two different ones.