davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07
The Lesson
Of Columbus
By RUTH TAYLOR

Behind him lay the gray
Azores,
Behind, the Gates of Hercu-
les,
Before him not the ghost of
shores,
Before him only shoreless
seas"
So begins Joaquin Miller's
great poem on Columbus
poem for all those who are
facing a time of danger. Co
lunbus had only a belief by
which to sail. He set out into
an unknown ocean, which the
fears of more timid men had
peopled with fabulous mon
sters and half-hinted perlls.
His ships were small, his crew
mutinous, his seconds in COM
mand envious that this for
eigner" should be placed over
them.
All he had was an idea--a
plan which was new, and
which wise men swore could
never be carried out. But he
did it. He set his course
straight ahead and stuck to it.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07
INSIDE AMERICA
written by the Staff of The CIo News)

household consumers.
No wonder, then, that util-
ity lobbyists have the knife
out for Olds; and that labor,
consumer groups and Fair
Dealers are supporting him
for another term on FPC.
Watch - and hope - for
action soon on wage-hour law
changes.
Both Senate and House have
passed bills lifting minimum
pay rates from 40c to 75c an
hour But House version of
bill seriously weakens cover
age and enforcement of pres
ent law. Some government
experts think House bill would
remove 100000 persons from
laws coverage - while weak
ening 2 bility of those still
covered to collect overtime
payments, etc.
Fair Deal members of Joint
Senate House conference COM
mittee hope that worst-if not
all--of House bills provisions
will be killed in final version
of the bill reported out to both
branches of Congress.
When it puts on its best
face, industry looks pious and
chockful of public service. You
can read all about il in paid
advertisements n d news
papers.
But behind the scenes, there
are often shocking cases of
lust for profits, callous dis
regard for human rights.
One such case has come to
light at Auburn, New York,
where rich powerful Interna-
lines. with Olds heading the
tional Harvester has closed
down its 46-year-old- d-plsnt--
on which one out of five local
residents were dependent for
jobs and living standards.
Residents of Auburn, mem
bers of CIO Farm Equipment
local, Chamber of Commerce,
even arch-conservative Repre-
sentative Taber (R. N. W
who halls from Auburn-are
trying to do something about
It, But situation doesn't look
bright.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07
Workers Bore The Brunt

Remember how it was back in the
early part of this year?
There we're price reductions here and
there and the newspaper experts" were
having field day.
They were saying, gleefully, that infla-
ton had run its course, that the normal
readjustment" was under way and that,
of course, new trend knocked the props
from under union arrangements for higher
wages
All, yes, there were columns and
columns of the stuff and most of it
sounded good
You don't read anything about the
downward price trend" these days -
and for a very good reason. There isn't
any such thing.
Here are the facts:
The reduction in the cost of living
since the all-time peak of last fall has
amounted to % or slightly less. This de
crease followed an increase of 279o since
the end Of the war.
There was downward trend but it
was in employment, not in prices. And
there was a similar trend in production.
Coupler with these we're highest cor
porate dividend payments in all history!
And here's what it all adds up to-
Workers who bore the brunt of in
flationary prices also have the brunt of
the normal readiustment" Instead of
cutting prices, the corporations cut pro-
duction and employment
Despite some recent improvements in
the picture, there are about twice as many
out of jobs today as there were year ago.
So, don't let anybody kid you about
how much better off wage earners are
than they were last year
Perhaps it was the normal readjust-
ment" which caused leading industries
this year to buck nearly. every request
made by unions in an effort to improve
the lot of American workers.
None of the giants in the steel, auto
or electrical fields showed any willingness
to bulge an inch from their adamant mo"
position until faced with strike threats
This wasn't surprising in the light of
the big squeeze when industry put on the
workers through price increases and later
through lay-offs when the demand for
high-priced merchandise decreased.
There is much evidence that industrial
and financial leaders decided many
months ago that this was the year to
crack down" on the unions if they could
do so without arousing public ire.
And there's much evidence TO support
the suspicion that the men who dominate
industry have been doing their best TO
maneuver President Truman into posi-
tion which would require him to invoke
the Taft Hartley injunction procedure.
It looks as if a large portion of indus
try is swinging back toward the old
workers be damed" attitude.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07

What grouses Auburn citi-
zens is that international Har-
vester seems to be cutting
throats through the aid of
funds they paid in to the gov
ernnent-built plants at the
end of wartime period for
S27.5 million; they'd cost tax
payers about S44 million TO
build.
Using these newer, more
modern and presumably more
efficient plants, Harvester now
can make more profits than at
the older Auburn factory. So
1900 Harvester workers and
their families face gloomy out
look this winter.
Keep this story in mind
next time you read corpora
ton ads cussing labor and
hailing business leadership as
our only salvation.
CIO delegation which Wis
tied Republic of Israel last
spring has issued its report
which Isrsels ambassador in
Washington has described as
most important social docu-
rlent yet published on that
country.
Official C1O group-Presi.
dent Potofsky of Clothing
Workers, President Curran of
Maritime Union, and Maxwell
Brandwen. counsel to the
clothing union-saW in Israel
a "hastion of democracy" in
Middle Eastern area They
were impressed by pioneering
spirit, big advances in stand
ard of living, and difficulties
of financing future expansion.
One of most impressive
findings of CIO group was
prominent status held by labor
in Israel Histadrut - the
General Federation of Labor
is solidly organized. In sddi-
ton, il controls tremendous
string of cooperative enter
prises in such fields as health,
housing, construction, stores,
transport, etc.
There's no question - CIO
delegation reported "that
labor in Israel looks priinari-
ly to the United States for
guidance tow ward the demo
cratic ideal"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07

The monsters did not appear
- but unforeseen hardships
did The ships were becalmed
for days in the Doldruns--
that path of ocean where the
wind seldom blows. The pro-
visions and water ran low, and
the ocean was wider than his
widest calculations. But still
he went on.
What he faced, we face to-
day. We face the difficulties
of unemployment, aid to Eu-
rope, the defense program, We
will need the extra energies
of men to pull us through the
inaction of the Doldrums. We
will have to meet with and
handle mutinous subversive
forces and envious, self-seek->
ing leaders. But where Colurn-
bus had the idea of a new road
to the Indies, we have the
proven ideal of the New World
where democracy has an op-
portunity to progress, and
where all men are free. If we
steer straight ahead. along the
course we know to be right,
with our faith in the sanctity
of the individual and in the
inborn right of all men to be
free and equal, as our guiding
star, we will reach our goal of
a better world for ALL men.
But we must persevere-or to
take the original meaning of
the word - we must follow
through!
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07
PAC Pipeline..

ONCE upon time there was a Senator from
" the State of Minnesota, who when he was
defeated for reelection, told the people of his
state he was going TO write fiction,
Instead OF that Joe Ball went TO work for
General Electric and General Motors to help
them save the Taft Hartley Act, Now he's
gone 10 work for the Association of American
Shipowners to help them in their fight against
the demand of the National Maritime Union
for Legalizng hiring halls,
It's apparently easier ito live fiction than
write it
A recent newspaper account of Senator
Tafts current campaign tour through Ohio re-
ports that he approaches 4 Negro worker
tending machine IN the plant OF the McCord
Company in London, Ohio, and the converse
tion went like this.
Il guess you came from the bottom up"
saws Taft. Yes the worker said with pleas
ant dignity Like your iob7" Taft inquiries.
"Yessirr the worker replies After about Is
seconds Taft smiles uneasily and says. Good
by "Goodby, the worker says and turns
back 10 his machine.
There's nothing like starting at the bottom,
Senator. You must try It sometime.
Senator Capehart (R. Ind recently told
the Senate how Federal Deposit Insurance
saved the depostors Of bank in Spencerville,
Ind. which suffered A shortage Of between
$4,000 and 100000.
Maybe the Senator, during his campaign
next year can manage to get to Spencerville
and warn them about the dangers of the wei
fare state" and point out the merits of the i'll
fare state which had no federal deposit insur-
ance.
The problem OF whether the Republican
1arty should have principles is still bothering
the folks there
COP Chairman Guy GabrielSon told re-
cent meeting of party leaders in Chicago that
General Eisenhower had told him, II hope the
Republican Party will develop a set OF party
principles so that even person as dumb as
am viii be able to tell the difference between
Republican and Democrat"
It's not so hard, Ike. The Democrats have
the soldiers and the Republicans have the gem
erals
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07

THIS column is being written
l. lust IL hours before the
deadline set by CLOS United
Steelworkers for strike if the
industry doesn't come through
on union demands for welfare
plans and financing,
Just about anything written
at this time wouldn't be worth
reading the next day. So we'll
skip it.
Ford accepted findings OF
the steel fact-finding board for
a total Of 10c hourly payments
for welfare fund and pen
sions. Since Ford had been
running one-cylinder health
insurance program, costing
14c an hour, company now
pays out additional sac an
hour for each worker.
Much of dispute at Ford
arose from unions demand
that welfare and pension pro-
grams have solid financial
foundation; 10 avoid type of
situation now faced by mine
workers, where welfare funds
are running low, UAW insisted
that Ford Immediately set up
a S200,000,000 fund, and pay
its Sa4c per hour per man in
TO that fund So, operations
will soon be able to start on
stable basis.
Utility lobbies are running
one of the most brazen knitting
games in years, in effort TO
knock Leland Olds out of post
on Uncle Sans Federal Power
Commission. Olds, an FPC
member for 10 years, believes
government gencies with
mandate from Congress TO
regulate bushes practices,
should do just that - rather
than go through meaningless
motions.
Gas and electrical trusts,
realizing Olds' views, are seek
ing to bar his confirmation to
another 5-year term on FPC.
(FPC has been split along 81
majority Refusal of Senate
to confirm him might well
weaken government regula-
ton of gas and electric rates.
That might mean 4 two-billion
annual extra expense to u. S,
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-10-07
Veterans Information

Q-What must l do to get my NSLI divi-
dend payment at the earliest possible moment
A.-Do not write VA about your NSLT divi-
dend' To do so will cause delay Special sppli-
cation blanks are now being prepared and are
expected to be available in August at every
post office, veterans service organization and
VA office.
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07
China
The Christmos Cabinet

Inc GnrlStmoS C0binef
Hopes for peace in China faded
with the broadcast by Chinese Com
munist radio of list of war cFimi.
nails" to be punished by a peoples
court"
Chang Kai-shek's name heads tba
list. Included are Madame Chianq
Premier Sun Fo and most of the
Nationalist governments TOP military
and political figures.
The Communist proclamation. with
its frequent references to a ''peopIea
government" has strengthened the
belief the Reds have decided aqainst
permitting the present constitutional
government to continue in anV form
even under a negotiated peace,
Meanwhile, Chinese in the British
colony Of Hong Kong were calling
Chlna's new cabinet 'the ChristmaS
cabinet"
They mean that Sun Fo's cabinet
may have been designed only to. last
through the holidays into the new
year. By that time China may know
what the us. Congress intends to ia
about more aid.
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07
SCIENCE: Probe Air Pollution

are suspected of having caused the
deadly pollution.
Warning Of the dangers of indus
trial pollution poured out into the air
people must breathe, DR.. Mills said
the chance Of early effective action to
clear the Donora air seems slight
The CLOS gift of $4,000 to the
Borough Council" he said, shows
signs of accomplishing little beyond
the cost OF this house-to-house survev.
"A whole avalanche of damage
suits are being filed against the zinc
plant by farmers and stockgrowers of
the devastated area. If the 5000 per-
sons affected by the smog ioin in
these suits, we may well see another
zinc plant finally closed by those it
had poisoned for years."
DR.. Mills said the Donora smelter
now is operating "at lower oven tenn
peratures and at about two-thirds of
the output previous to the smog."
All nearby residents say conditions
now are nothing like they were be-
fore, he reported. These are the weeks.
ne added, when the valley air is being
sampled for poisonous materials.
Charles M. Stacey, president of the
Donora board of health, called state
ments about the smog's endangering
the whole community 'highly exag-
gerated."
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07

later in the week.
On the domestic front. Mr. Truros,
VIII almost certainly calliuDon Con.
eSs 70 enact the sweeping program
u social and economic legislation he
mas mas advocated since he first became
Chlet Executive. Many of these items
v were rejected by both the Democratic
fSth and the Republican 8Oth Con.
greSSiOnal sessions.
Mr.. Truman also is expected n 5a.
mand repeal or amendment of much
OF the domestic legislation passed bv
the oUth Congress over bis vetoes or
IN spite of his protests.
Packed With Controversy
The docket of domestic issues is
long and riddled with controversy II
includes the Taft-Hartley Law. which
probably will be replaced, civil rights
pubic housing, national health serv.
ice, expanded social security. federal
aIo 70 education and standby controls
on prices and scarce commodities.
On the foreign front, there is mora
unanlmlty. Opposition to the Presi.
dents program does not ALWAYS de.
Velop along party lines.
a vital key to American policy il
the ECA program to help Europe "a
Its economic feet. Congress- faces > de-
hclency appropriation of more than
one billion dollars for the last three
months OF the current fiscal wear. as
well as four billion dollars for tha
second year of ECA.
Congress also is keenly interested in
the proposed North Atlantic Securitv
Pact now being negotiated in Wash.
ington between this and six other ma
tlons. Under it, the US. and Canada
would join with Britain, France. HoI-
land, Belgium and Luxembourg tn
prevent aggression.
Tax Problem Crucial
Taxes are always a crucial problem.
Last year "a Presidential election
year = Republicans lowered the i'm
'ome tax despite the Presidents Ioppo.
;ition.
This year Mr.. Truman is reported
upon Congress- balancing the
budget, at time when peacetime
military appropriations and foreign
nd assume record proportions. =
How far Congress will back Mr.
,ruman's full program is question:
ble, despite the mandate he received
t the polls. Some issues, such as civil
lights, cut across party lines.
There are indications the Demo.
ratio leadership in Congress is plan
ing to proceed first with some Of the
ess controversial items. Their strategy
to enact at least some of the pro-
ram before tackling the explosives
Ssues which may split the Democrats
majority.
COP in Minor Role
Meanwhile, Republicans, coming
ack to minority role, face fights of
lelr own. Sen. Robert A. Taft. chief
epublicGn spokesman during the
)th Congress. is favored to retain. his
lairmanship of the Senate Republi-
N Policy Committee. but only after
battle.
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07
Dangerous Donoro

A scientist probing the Donora Pa
Smog which killed 20 persons October
50 reports that air pollution barely
missed creating a major catastrophe
on that occasion.
He is DR.. Clarence A. Mills. head
OF the Department of Experimental
Medicine at the University of Cincin-
natl and an expert on the effects of
air pollution.
"A large part of Donora's l35OO
population was made i'll by the snog"
DR.. Mills said. "a slightly higher
poison concentration in the air or q
few hours longer time and the whole
community might have been left al
most devoid of life"
his findings are based on a house.
toulouse canvass still being conducted
by the Borough Council Of Donora.
More than 5000 of Donora's 13.5OO
inhabitants are being found affected
by the poison smog, in addition to the
20 human deaths and roughly 900
animals killed." DR.. Mills said.
He says that investigators making
the survey report that many of the
4'409 who claimed no smog damaes
were, in reality, affected, but feared
Tor their jobs if they so indicated"
Fumes from Donora zinc smelter
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07

Forced Labor

Fofced Labor
Most of the German prisoners of
world War II have returned home.
The United States, Britain and
france have sent back hundreds of
thousands in the more than three and
q nan years since the fighting stopped.
But Russia presumably still has manv
IN her forced labor battalions. Ex-
actly how many remains a secret
The Kremlin won't tell.
US. Army Secretary Kenneth c.
Royal says the Russians have herded
more than 100000 Germans. includ-
ing many women and children. into
labor camps. This number, he saws. is
IN addition to prisoners of war stilI
held by the Soviet Union.
royal estimated that 10000 OO0
persons are held in Russian forced
labor camps. The total, he saws in
cludes 100000 Russians. 1000. 600
Germans and 100000 others. of
whom many are Poles and Czechs.
All war prisoners, theoretically at
least, should have been returned bv
this New Years Day. Their release bv
this date was promised bv the Rio
Four foreign ministers in the spring
Of 1947. --'e
All but 20 of the S71,683 German
war prisoners once held by this coun-
try have been returned. Of the 90
hve are serving time for major crimes
such as murder. The other is escaped
and still are missing.
Britain formerly had about $50 OOO
German prisoners, held in the British
Isles and Canada. All have been re-
turned except for 10000 volunteers
VINO preferred to stay and work on
farms. OI'
France, which once had 700 OOO
prisoners, released the last 24.144 last
week: About 10000 former German
rows now live voluntarily in
France. Most Of them lived in eastern
Germany in what is now the Russian
occupied zone.
The International Red Cross saws
Yugoslavia has pledged to return
$4,000 German prisoners bv Jan 18
The Red Cross says it can learn
nothing about prisoners in Russia
Poland and Albania.
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07
Draft
No Deferments

mo DeIeFmenfS
The Association Of American TJni-
Verslties wants the armed services to
draft medical students and other spe-
ClallstS right along with other Youths
then send them back to school at
government expense whenever il is
decided their training is in the ma
tons interest.
The proposal may require changes
IN the Selective Service Act of 1948
It would replace the present educa-
tlonal deferments for certain tvpes of
students. It would apply only to spe-
clalists under % years Of age.
The recommendations were nra.
pared by a committee which includes
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. now
president of Columbia University.
Others on the drafting committee
are Herman B. Wells, Indiana IIni.
Versity president, chairman: Arthur
H. Compton, Washington Universitv
chancellor, and Harold w. Dodds
Princeton University president.
The educators stand is that a sound
policy requires that the impact Of the
draft fall upon college students under
e with no deferment because of Their
field Of study, academic standing mo-
tential promise or other similar con.
Siderations.
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07
Chemistry
Sund-Core Paint


Lead has been used In outdoor
paint for centuries because il makes
the paint last longer.
Formerly paint was made with solid
lead particles mixed with the oils
Now a new way has been found to
coat particles Of sand with lead. This
new method takes only one-third as
much lead to produce the same
amount and quality Of paint.
The scientific reason is that all the
good effects Of lead in paint come
from the surface of the metal. lead
surfaces on the paint particles are
tiny chemical factories. They are con-
stantly rebuilding the paint as it de-
Gays.
For years the industry has been
making the lead particles finer and
nner, thus getting more surface. But
tlle inside OF each lead particle still
was more than its outside, and all the
inside was wasted.
Fourteen years Of laboratory test
ing produced finely ground sand and
Metnods for putting on the metallic
coats. -Four pounds Of lead in a gallon
o paint now does the equivalent 81
Two new factories will 90 into
operation this year making this new
raw material.
Milford chronicle., 1949-01-07
Prayer
The First Speaker

The First Speaker
There may be a fight over who talks
nrst in the new Senate. Every dav
that is.
The question is: Should the Senate
change its chaplain with its politics?
When the Republicans took over
TWO years ago they named a new
chaplain, the Rev. Peter Marshall.
ID, at a salary of $l,68O a wear,
Inc Democrats didn't like the ma
neuver at all. Said Sen. Alben Barklev
(D-Ky.), now the Vice President
elect:
1T seems particularly unfortunate
IN view OF the previous record of the
senate and House in regard to the
chaplalncy, which ought to be above
politics, that (the incumbent) he
denied reelection because of a change
IN the political complexion of the
Senate" ~
Republicans denied that politics was
involved. They had the votes and DR..
Marshall won. His daily Senate prav-
ers have attracted attention.
samples:
If there be any here sulking as
cnlldren' deal with and enlighten
May we say what we mean. and
mean what we say. And may it be
worth saying"
We know, our Father, that there
IS a time to speak and time to keep
SlIence. Help us to tell the one from
the other"
But lurking in the background is
What Barkley said two wears AGO
when debate over selection of the
chaplain ragged:
:! think it should be said in good
Iaitn that they (the Republicans are
US very poor example for
tne tlme when we resume control of
the Senate two years from now"