Evening star., 1949-04-27

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Secretary of State Achesoi
Foreign Relations Committee a
mittee members are Cleft to ri
lican, of Wisconsin; Vandenbe
of Texas.
cedures for furthering these pur-
poses. The fundamental fact OF
the Charter Is that these mechan-
isms and procedures are the in
stitutions and procedures of free
peoples, based on solving difficult
ties and making progress through
investigation of facts. free discus
sion, and decisions by adjustment
among representatives of the
member nations, all Of whom ac-
cept and are attempting to achieve
the purposes of the world organi-
Zation.
Now, any organization Of free
individuals or free peoples, wheth-
er it is a private one. or a national
one, or an international one, must
proceed upon the basis that the
vast bulk of those within it are
firmly attached to the basic prin-
ciples of the organization and are
trying to carry them out. If this
is so, adjustments are made within
the area Of common purposes;
and, no matter how sharp dis
agreements may be. there are
common principles to which ap-
peal may be made and which
basically govern the conscience
and behavior Of the members
Whenever q powerful minority
repudiates the basic principles and
uses the procedures to accomplish
directly contrary purposes or to
frustrate the organization, then
1t obviously will not work as in
tended.
Here lies the basic dificulty which
the United Nations has faced-a
difficulty which would produce seri-
Gus problems in any international
organization, however perfectly de-
vised. This difficulty Is that q pow.
erful group, even though a minority
has not genuinely accepted the pur-
poses and principles Of the organiza-
ton and has used its institutions
and procedures>sto frustrate them;
This is not a defect Of machinery
It is a defect in the basic attitude
Of some of the members which no
change of machinery or procedure
can cure.
Recovery Of Vital Concern.
One of the principal problems
which has grown out Of this situa-
ton which I have described is that
sense of insecurity and q fear of
aggression have grown up in an
important section Of the world which
is struggling to recover economically,
politically and socially from the
drains of the last war. The recovery
of this area is of vital concern to
the whole world.
To attain a sense Of security and
to be free from the constant fear of
armed attack is certainly one Of
the prime objectives Of the United
Nations. How, then, is this objective
to be obtained when few of the
members of the United Nations
frustrate the attempt to attain 1t
through the machinery provided IN
the Charter? It Is certainly not to
be obtained by doing nothing about
it. 1t is certainly not hostile to the
United Nations or contrary to the
Charter to attempt to attain this
objective by methods wholly consist
ent with the Charter.
The United Nations is not thing
In itself. 1t Is not an end In itself.
It Is q means to an end. The end
Is progressive development Of .
peaceful and stable world order
where law rather than force and
anarchy will govern the conduct Of
nations in their foreign relations.
It was never In the minds of the
trainers Of the Charter that the or
ganization set up under 1t should
be so distorted as to become an In
ternational instrument which para
lyzed the pacific nations OF the
world, the possible victims Of ag-
gression, while leaving would-be
aggressor with completely free
hands to deal with them one by one.
In order that there should be no
misunderstanding on this point,
Article 81 was inserted In the
Charter.
II may use an understatement
the sense of insecurity prevalent ir
Western Europe Is not figment oi
the imagination. 1t has come abou,
through the conduct Of the Sovie,
Union. Western European countrie:
have seen the basic purposes and
principles of the Charter CYNICAL,
violated by the conduct of the So
Wet Union with the countries o.
Eastern Europe. Their right to self.
determination has been extinguishet
by force or threats Of force. Ths
human, freedoms as the rest OF the
world understands them, have beer
extinguished throuohout that whole
area. Economic problems have no,
been solved by international CO.
operation, but dealt with by dicta-
tion. These same methods have
been attempted In other areas
penetration BY propaganda and the
Communist Party, attempts to BLOCK
cooperative international efforts n
the economic field, wars OF nerves
and In some cases thinly veiled
use of force itself.
Brussels Treaty Hailed.
BY the end Of 1947 1t had become
abundantly clear that this Soviet
pressure and penetration was being
exerted progressively further to the
West. In January, 1948. the British
Foreign Secretary, Mr.. Ernest Bevin,
said that II any one power attempted
to dominate Europe by whatever
means, direct to indirect, 1t would
inevitably lead to another world
war unless this policy could b
checked by peaceful meanA He de-