davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
BY CLARKE BEACH
Associated Press

WASHINGTON &c oVern-
ment PHOTOGRAPHERS got a bad
jolt when they learned that de-
coded messages had been taken
from the State Department files
in 1887 and 1888 for delivery to
Russian agents.
The microfilmed documents
which Whitaker Chambers hid
IN a pumpkin on his Maryland
farm and then turned over to
the House Unamerican Activi-
ties Committee might have fur
nished priceless clues to foreign
code experts.
Coded messages sent by ra-
dio or cable are easily inter
cepted by interested govern
ments. If they can get posses
sion OF the same messages de-
coded, they can go a long way
toward breaking an entire code
system.
One or even several messages
might not do it. A great many
must usually be obtained and
over a long period of time. For
codes r frequently alternated
hourly, daily, monthly or
yearly.
But any decided message
might fill in the final gap in a
code-breaking job which might
have been going on for years.
Breaking American codes
would have been much easier
before the war than now. Early
in the war the State Depart
ment and armed services be-
gan to make a widespread use
of code machines. With these
a great many more code sys-
TENS can be employed, and they
can be changed more fire.
quently.
Broke Jap. German Codes
Code making and code break
ing is an age-old war between
photographers and crypto-an-
alysts. The former devise the
codes, and the latter try to
break them.
American cryptoanalysts
achieved a gigantic victory
when they broke the Japanese
and German codes before the
last war. What they had done
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
Portable Calf Pens Developed ToCombat
High Mortality Among T uiure Mix Cows

intervals. Meanwhile, the sci
entists say, rain helps wash any
accumulated germs down the
hillside, away from the animals.
They explained that imme-
diately after birth, the calf can
pick up a few disease-causing
agents from its mothers milk
or from contact with the udder.
Thus. they say. if a calf re-
manned in one spot. it would be
subject TO further contamina-
fion from such organisms
through contact with its own
waste body products. The idea
OF moving" at weekly inter-
walls is TO desert one spot before
the disease organisms present
in waste products have had an
opportunity to develop to dan
gerous proportions.
Covered feeders in the pens
provide the animals with food,
and water is placed in buckets
hung in corners.
In the stations oWn. expert
ence, the incidence of calf dis
eases has been kept extremely
low. The scientists had confirm
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07

was revealed in the Congress
sional Pearl Harbor investiga-
ton in l945.
After years Of arduous effort
they devised a machine which
decided messages that might
have lost the war for the Jap
anese. Next to the atomic bomb
project it was perhaps the most
secret operation of the war.
With the machine our gov
ern learned of Japanese prep
arations for the attack on Pearl
Harbor and facts about Jap
naval activities which led to
our victories in the Coral Sea
and at Midway. 1t directed u.
S. subs in attacks on Jap con-
voys. 1t revealed the messages
from the japanese Ambassador
in Berlin. sometimes telling
what Hitler had said of his wal
plans.
The japanese didn't change
their code all during the war.
1t would have been difficult
for them to do SO because Of
the completely of their Ian
guage.
Whatever might have been
learned of the American codes
through the Chambers docu-
ments would have benefited a
foreign power only for a limit
ed time, since even then we
changed our code systems at
intervals.
Infinite precautions, more
over, r taken to keep coded
messages secret. A first prin-
ciple is never to let a copy of
the code message be attached
to or identified with the same
message decided. For highly Sc
cret messages. the code is as
complex as possible, requiring
the solution of a whole series
of ciphers or codes before the
message can be read in the clear.
Screen Personnel
Personnel in code rooms are
the most carefully screened of
any. And a great effort is made
to keep the personnel turnover
as low as possible. The staff is
well paid and we'll cared for.
A large number of systems
are employed. Some are simple,
when the intention is only to
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07

alive reportsf the efficiency
OF the pens ON the Florida
otate MentalIospital's farm,
where mortali among heifer
calves was cut-om almost 100
per cent to abe one per cent
following introection of the
portable pen sysm.
Working withor. Groth on
the Auburn rese,ch are Dor
tors L. R: Davisend Dale A.
Porter. The portah pens were
Davis idea - bad on a tip
he got from his miner during
his boyhood in Geoaia.
Mother used to seep babv
chicks in a portable wire en-
closure which she'd 1--we from
time to time. TO give lie chicks
a change of grass as sh nut it,"
Davis said. 1T turned ut that
these chicks were halthier
than some that remainean one
spot. Mother didn't lnoy any
thing about coccidiosis. which
affects poultry as well assalves
but apparently her potable
system was preventing tht dis.
ease among her chicks"
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07

Herbert H. Deignan, issoci-
ate curator of birds at he u.
S. National Museum, waved a
Warbler" He trekked hum
dreds of miles carrying elbor-
ate bird catching gear. Nosone
did he see on this trek. Bak in
Darwin one morning oEside
his Darwin quarters, he hard
a beautiful warbling mite.
There, a few feet away, wa a
coveted Warbler. His trapping
gear was still further away. Ne
missed the bird. :.
Mccarthy was searching fr
a cave painting of a Mala1
prau on Groote Eylandt. Sud,
denly he saw a fine young rocI
wallaby. He rushed back to-
wards the camp to tell D,
Johnson, who wanted such a
specimen. Stumbling over roks
he met DR.. Johnson hurrtng
to tell him he had just FUND
a beautiful cave paintingof a
Malay prau. Neither ound
what he wanted.
3
DR.. Johnson. after my dis
appointments. caughea fine
red kangaroo. He droe all the
aborigines away in ase they
mistook it for food Then he
hung the kangaroo to a hut
ready for skinnin and went
for his knife. Whe,he returned
the camp dogs, sling happily
outside the hut, Gre not hun
cry. But there IS no red kan
CARGO.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
BY FRANK CAREY
Associated Press Science
Reporter

AUBURN, Ala. = Portable
calf pens = providing clean,
individual outdoor room serv-
ice and a change of scenery
every week = have been devel-
oped here as a means of COM
batting high mortality among
the nations future milk-pro-
ducers.
Scientists of the U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture say the
movable pens - which allow
the animals to be moved to
clean ground periodically -
have prevented most of the
sickness which bedevils calves
in the important first few
months of life.
Up to now. they say. one in
every five heifer calves born in
the United States dies in baby
hood - due to diarrhetic con-
ditions. pneumonia. stomach
and intestinal worms. and a
parasitic disease called "cocci-
diosis" which involves the in
festival wall.
This high death rate, they
say, has been due 20 the fact
that in many cases, calves have
been turned loose in large pens
with other calves and adult
animals = and have been ex-
posed to contamination by dis
eaSe-laden waste body products.
Even when calves are isolat-
ed in individual pens in a barn,
they said, there still is danger,
because the most thorough
cleaning of the pens often fails
to rid the pens of some disease
agents.
The portable pens were de-
veloped at the Dept. of Agricul-
lures regional animal disease
laboratory on the grounds of
the Alabama Polytechnic In
stitute, and directed by DR.. A.
=. Groth.
The pens are wire-sided af-
fairs, measuring five by 10 feet.
They have an aluminium cover
over one end to protect the calf
from rain and sun. They can be
used in any part of the country
in the summer time. For winter
use, they are suitable only in
those parts of the country
where winters are mild. A bur-
lap bag door" is provided fol
the aluminum-covered end for
winter use.
Move 10 Clean Spot
When the calves are a day or
two old. they r placed in in
dividual pens. arranged in rows
along the bottom of a wooded
hillside. The pens are spaced
10 feet apart SO the calves can't
get too ehummv.
They remain thus for a week,
when the pens are moved eight
feet to the right or left, to a
new ground location. Thereaft-
er, the pens are moved grad
ually up the hillside at weekly
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
What It Means :.
Leak OF State Department Confidential
Papers Gives CrYptographers Bad jolt

temporarilyorevent the gen.
eral public rom learning the
content of message. Some of
the most lportant are one
time codesInderstood by only
a few perns and never used
but once.
Pfactica, any code can be
broken, saexperts, if you have
enough tir and a large enough
staff. Butt isn't practicable
when cod are being changed
frequentl Also there are only
a limitesnumber of experts
who can. put to work on any
one protm.
Some topographic writings,
like the of Roger Bacon,
thirteent century philosopher,
have ner been deciphered.
The eerts distinguish be-
tween ce and cipher writings.
Code wing, strictly speaking
is basedn handbooks contain
ing WOE or letter groupings
which I've hidden meanings.
Ciphersre devices by which
hidden eanings are expressed
in a pla text or a meaningless
tumble letters and figures.
The Ichines now in use -
of whio scores have been pat
ented are based on both sys-
TENS. Ike calculating ma
chimes ey do the job quicker
and mo accurately than peo-
pie cou do with pencil and
paper.
The IVY makes wide use of
code hos = bound in lead so
that the can be thrown over
board irase a ship is captured
or submarines in the field
prefer chers, since the key is
in the orators mind and can
not fall TO the enemy's hands.
Higher adquarters, however,
use codeooks or machines.
Code rssages are also wide
ly used finance and trade,
primarilbecause code words
save spaiand money in wire
and radi transmission. Most
of them re based on code
books in General circulation.
Some conanies, have cryp-
tographerdevise special codes
for them. hey pay as much as
800 900 foone code system.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
T C ON
CITY WALR

LONGMONT, Colo (AP) -
Harold Dawson Was walking
along a downtown street when
something struck his hat. He
made a quick grab for the hat,
missed it, and felt his hand close
around a struggling teRther leg.
The leg belonged tn a pleas
ant which had somehow been
flushed from the doorway of a
store across the street. No one
was able to explain the birds
mysterious business in this city.
but Dawson said later: at cooked
up just as nice rs IA country
pheasant"
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
Scientist Lured
To Bar, But
Find It All Sand
BY HAL RICHARDSON
APP Newsfeatures

DARWIN = Australian and
American scientists are having
many unhappy setbacks in their
search for rare specimens of
Australian native life in Arm
hem Land, northern Australia.
Here are some of the troubles:
DIR. David A. johnson, asso-
ciate curator of mammals at the
U. S. National Museum, Wash
ington, sighted a dugong. This
is a rare species of marine man.
NAL, the supposed original Of
the Mermaid.
The dugong was gamboling
around on a sand bar. DR.. John
son padded a canoe out to the
bar. His arrival frightened the
dugong away. He took a short
walk. His canoe disappeared
while he was gone. 1t was a long
and lonely night with the du-
gong playing in the water Just
out of his reach. Next morning
the canoe was returned by alb
original women who had
thought it abandoned. The du-
gong was lost .
F. D. Mccarthy. anthropolo-
glst to the Australian Museum
at Sydney, found a rare and
valuable fresh water tortoise.
Aboriginal carriers guarded il
carefully for fifteen miles. Then
their appetites overcame their
good intentions. They cooked
and ate it.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
Desk

would have 300 to 400 conser-
walton minded men and women
in our rural areas, many of
them farm owners and rural
leaders. In 20 years we would
have 800 to 800, and on and On.
1t is worth trying, we believe.
and i. just one more reason why
the board of supervisors should
appoint a rural-urban commit
tee to formulate "a Jackson
County plan for the utilization
and development OF the nat
ural resources that God gave
us, and to bring to our people.
rural and urban, the measure
of security and economic 3D.
portunity to which they are en-
titled.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
AUSTRALIA REPORTS


CANBERRAtAPl- Austria
LAS populate at June 30, l947,
was Z, 579.3A This is the final
figure show after the count of
the census ken on that date.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07

the counters of the county's bar rooms.
In any event, we are curious to know what the divid-
ing line is between shiny" and tax paid liquor which
makes one legal and the other outside the law in dry Mis-
sissippi where they are both illegal.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07
You're
Telling Me-!
BY WILLIAM RIFT
Central Press Writer

National Shoe Institute re-
ports there are 502 different
taxes involved in the cost of
shoes. No wonder your new
brogans often pinch.
1t isn't the tacks but the tax
that really hurts, though like a
headache, it may be invisible.
y
Zadok Dumkopt thinks sub
way cars like submarines
should be equipped with snor-
KEEL breathing machines.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1949-01-07

The jaw of the new-old ape
man is described as extremely
massive. A sort of. as ii were.
prehistoric political speaker?
>
Statistics show the U. S. has
three-fifths of the worlds tele.
phones. Grandpappy Jenkins
wonders what foreign teen.
ayers do with their spare time.
=
In England a judge has ruled
that a bee has a right to sting.
We'd agree if the bee paid its
fine in honey, not to its owner,
but to the stingee.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04
LANCASTER HERE
"wednesday, July 20

The Owls lost another tough one
at Lancaster on Wednesday night
by one run. the final score being
4-3.
Dickinson went all the way for the
Owls, with Crumling behind the
plate.
Yasinski started for the Red Roses,
but was knocked out in the second
inning, and was relieved by Beres
(the winning pitcher) who went
the rest of the way. Elkins did the
catching.
The Owls got to Yasinski for five
hits in the second inning, good for
two runs, to give them 20 lead.
But Lancaster came back in the
bottom half and picked up a run and
then tied the score in the third in
ming when Ripken, the center field
er, hit one over the fence, with no.
body on.
That was all the scoring until the
fifth when Hagerstown picked up
run in the top half, only to have
the Red Roses come back and tie
the score again in the bottom half.
Both hurlers pitched shut-out ball
through the sixth, seventh and
eighth, and then after Beres had re-
tired the Owls without run in the
top half of the ninth, Ripken got his
second home run, in the. bottom
half, to- win the game.
Although Dickinson gave up fif-
teen hits, he bore down in the clutch,
with the result that Lancaster had
ten men left on base.
For the Owls, Hixson led the hit
ting with three for four; Harbaugh
had two for four; Kelly two for
three, and Dykes, Chaser. Keller and
Heinbaugh each got hit. Chaser
was credited with two RIBS, and
Hixson got the other.
Summary: Hagerstown, Dr. 11H.
lie. LOB 8; Lancaster, AR. 18Th. DE.
LOB 10.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04
AT LANCASTER
(Thursday, July 28)

The Owls won the third and final
game of their three-game series
with Lancaster on Thursday night,
by score of 80.
Gene Major went all the way,
with Crumling behind the plate.
For Lancaster, Glane was on the
mound, and Elkins did the catching.
Hagerstown took one-run lead
in the top half of the second. Helm
baugh and HiXson both singled, and
Harbaugh moved them up with a
sacrifice. Then Gene Crumling
came through with the third single
of the inning, scoring Heinbaugh.
But Lancaster came back in the
bottom half of the fifth to go ahead
81, and here's what happened.
Kitsos, the Red Roses .shortstop,
who was the first man up. got base
on balls, and Glica, the third base
man, came right behind him and
slammed one over the club house in
left field, scoring behind Kitsos. But
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04

on balls, and Keller followed with
a single to left, scoring Chaser and
giving Hal his 73rd RBI.
Then in the second inning with
one away, Crumling singled to cen
ter, and Dykes scored him with a
single to the same spot. The third
run came in the third inning when
Keller opened with his second
straight hit, single to left. and
went to second while Heinbaugh wasA
being thrown out at first. Hixsor{
was up next, and he singled to CEN
ter, sending Keller to third. But
when Van Heuit booted the ball for
an error, Keller scored.
1t was 60 Hagerstown in the
fourth. With one away, Dykes dou-
bfed to left, Chaser walked and Kel-
ly was safe on an error by Buzas
filling the bases. Hal Keller then
stepped to the plate and smacked
a double to center, scoring DYKES
Chaser and Kelly and bringing his
RBI total to rs.
In the fifth inning the rampagine
Owls made it 100. With one away
Crumling walked. Picken then
fouled out to the catcher for +ha
second out, and then Dykes hit 4
line drive to Van Heuit in center
who bobbled the ball, and all hands
were safe. Chaser was up next and
he singled to center, scoring Crurn-
ling. Jim Kelly followed with a
double to right, scoring Dykes. KEEL
Ter got a base on balls. and then
Heinbaugh came through with sin
gle to right, scoring CHASER and KEEL
ly. HiXson ended the inning bv pom
ping up to short
The Owls final two runs came in
the sixth With one away. Crum-
ling singled to center, and then
Pickell flied to right for out Nc. 2.
Dykes was hit by pitched ball
and Chaser walked, filling the bases.
Kelly then got his second straight
hit, single to left, scoring Crunl-
ling and Dykes. Keller ended the
inning when he flied out to center.
Summary: Sunbury, 1R, 8H Be.
LOB 6; Hagerstown, 12R. l4H. 2E.
LOB 10.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04
KEEDEAG UD
WITH THE OWLS
BY Dong Stewart
By Doug Stewart

Major settled right down again and
shut the Red Roses out the rest of
the way.
Glane, who had pitched five shut
out innings after giving up that one
run in the second, ran into trouble
in the eighth. Charlie Dykes open
ed the inning with a double to left.
Chaser then grounded to Freese at
second base, who booted the ball.
with Dykes scoring on the error
and Chaser being safe at first Jim
Kelly, the next man up, hunted down
the third base line, and Glane, at
tempting to field the ball, booted it
around, with Chaser going to sec
ond and Kelly being safe at first
on the error. Hal Keller was up
next, and he laid down perfect
sacrifice, advancing CHASER to third
and Kelly to second. Charlie Helm
baugh, the next man up, connected
with long fly to center field, with
Chaser easily scoring the winning
run after the catch.
Summary: Lancaster, Or. GIL. 2E
LOB 7; Hagerstown, 3R. OH. 1E.
LOB 7.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04
SUNBURY HERE
(Friday,. July 29)

The Sunbury Reds came into
town on Friday night for a six
game series-four regularly sched-
uled games and two rained out games
and the Owls took the opening
game of the series by a score of Al.
George Bird went the distance to
register his third win against two
losses, and Gene Crumling was be-
hind the plate.
Ray Trava, right handler (the
losing pitcher), started for the Reds,
but was taken out for a pinchhitter
in the top half of the eighth, and
Rex Lopez (also right hander)
was on the mound for the last in
ming. Young did the catching.
Although Bird ran into quite bit
of trouble-he had the bases loaded
in the first inning, two men on in
the third, and the bases loaded
again in the fourth-he pitched him
self out of trouble, aided by fine de-
Tense work by his team mates. And
he shut Sunbury out in every in
ming but the fifth, when they scored
their lone run.
The Owls took one-run lead in
the bottom half of the first. Dykes,
the first man up, went out short to
first, but Chaser came through with a
single to center, and Kelly followed
with double to left. sending Chaser
to third. Hal Keller was up next and
he flied out to right, with Chaser
scoring after the catch, to give Kel-
Ter credit for his list RBI. Helm
baugh ended the inning by also fly
ing out to right.
That was all the scoring until the
top half of the fifth when the Reds
got their lone run, to tie the score.
With two away, Ticco, the first
baseman, came through with triple
to deep left, from where he scored
on Van Heut's single to center.
Mclean ended the inning by flying
out to Hixson in center.
The game was won in the bot
tom half of the seventh when the
Owls came through with two runs
to give them 81 lead. Hixson,
the first man up, walked and went
to second while Harbaugh was be-
ing thrown out at first. Gene Crum-
ling was up next, and he singled to
left, scoring Hixson. Bird then
forced Crumling at second, but
Dykes came through with a slash
ing double to center, scoring Bird
all the way from first, and Charlie
went on to third on the throw-in.
Chaser ended the inning by ground
ing out third to first.
Then the Owls came back in the
bottom half of the eighth to add
another run for insurance. Kelly.
the first man up, walked. Then with
helier at pat, Kelly broke for sec
ond, but Hal Keller stepped across
the plate in an endeavor to bunt
the wide pitch, and in doing so
obviously interfered with Young,
the Sunbury catcher, with the result
that his throw to second went on
into center field But the umpire
promptly ruled that Keller was out
for interfering with the catcher, and
Kelly had to go back to first. Helm
baugh was up next, and he singled
to right, sending Kelly to third.
Then Hixson stepped to the plate,
and on a squeeze play laid down a
perfect sacrifice bunt, scoring Kelly
and sending Heinbaugh to second.
But when Heinbaugh tried to 90 to
third on the play at first, he was
thrown out on perfect peg from
Ticco to Mclean, to end the inning
Summary: Sunbury, 1R. 1OH. OE.
LOB 10; Hagerstown AR. sH. 2E.
LOB S.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04
SUNBURY HERE
monday, August y

The Sunbury Reds wound up their
current series with the Owls with
a double-header on Monday night.
and they took both games 10 give
them the series three games to two.
The score Of the first game was SO.
and the second, AZ.
First Game
What was to have been a seven
inning opening game went eleven
innings, with Woody" Wheaton 60
ing the route to lose a really tough
one. Crumling and Keller divided
the catching chores.
Bill Carroll, a right handler, start
ed for Sunbury, but was taken out
for pinchhitter in the top half Of
the tenth. and Joe Colone. another
right handler, pitched the last two
innings to get credit for the win.
with Armstrong behind the plate.
The Owls took a one-run lead in
Continued on Page a.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04

his job of official scorer and lets the
rest of us argue our heads off.
It's rather funny thing that,
although the battle in the National
League is much closer than in the
American League, it's the junior
circuit that comes in for all the dis
cussion in the press box down at
the stadium.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-08-04
INTERSTATE
LEAGUE STANDINGS
Owls Schedule
Through Tuesday,

Here is the Owls schedule for the
coming week:
Tonight Thursday Harrisburg here
Tomorrow night, Allentown at AL
lentoWn
Saturday night Allentown at Allen
town
Sunday, Allentown at Allentown
Double Header)
Monday night, Harrisburg at Har-
risburg
Tuesday night, Harrisburg at Harris
burg
Wednesday night, Harrisburg at
Harrisburg