davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-12-01
Lewis Orders
100000 Back
On Limited Basis
Anthracite Fields
Included in Short
Work Schedule
By james Y. Newton

JOIlu u. Lewis IUudy QulCklS
changed a full -fedged strike Of
his. 100000 soft coal miners into
a three-day work week for all
mines, including anthracite.
The return to the short week,
which the miners observed most
of last summer at Mr.. Lewis or
der, was approved by the United
Mine Workers 200-man Policy
Committee at meeting with the
union chieftain today in New
York. The new schedule will take
effect next week when the men
will report for work Mondays.
Tuesdays and Wednesdays and
continue. until further notice from
Mr.. Lewis.
The move came less than II
hours after the soft coal miners
at midnight-had begun another
strike on expiration of a three
week truce Mr.. Lewis had ordered
November 9. That truce ended a
52-day mine shutdown. the third
work stoppage of the year in the
soft coal fields.
Applies to Hard Coal.
This time, Mr.. Lewis announced.
the three-day work week will apply
in Pennsylvania S anthracite fields
as well as in the soft coal industry.
Anthracite is used almost entirely
for home heating, and dwindling
supply of the fuel at the beginning
of winter will have the effect OF
putting new pressure on the Gov
eminent and mine operators.
There are separate contracts with
the UNIV in the soft and anthra-
cite industries.
John D. Battle, executive vice
president of the National Coal
Association, estimated the three
day week will reduce coal pro-
duction to about so per cent OF
normal. He added it would not
be nearly enough to take care
of the country's needs at this
time Of year"
This synthetic Samson. as Gov.
Tuck Of Virginia calls him." Mr..
Battle commented on the latest
Lewis move. "is again attempt
ing to demonstrate his power and
dictatorial policy. ignoring the in
terests of the public, his own men
and of those who own the mines"
Fishing Expedition Seen.
Mr.. Battle added that he
thought Mr.. Lewis was ION a
fishing expedition. attempting to
find a weak spot in the operators
resistance to his contract de-
mands. He said he believed the
operators of the entire country
will remain solidly together"
There was speculation here that
Mr.. Lewis had changed the strike
to a three-day week because he
had received information that
President Truman was about ready
to invoke the national emergency
provisions of the Taft Hartley Act
against the strike. But, in Key
West, Fla, Charles G.. Ross, White
House press secretary, had said
that the President was not viewing
the situation as an emergency at
least today or tomorrow.
With the miners now going back
to work for the shortened week
Monday, Mr.. Truman will not have
to invoke Taft-Hartley and its 30
day strike injunction, which he
has pledged to repeal. -.
The resolution approved by the
Policy Committee also authorized
UNIV negotiators to make wage
contracts with individual coal
companies. That policy is not al
together new. although in recent
years the union has signed only
Evening star., 1949-12-01
YugosIavs Begin Trial
Of 10 on Charges Of
for Soviet
One Other Defendont Said
To Have Killed Self in
Fear Of Prosecution
EXPECTED to An
swer Yugoslavs u. N. Today.
7 Page "A.
By III. AZ. r.d Pres.


SARAJEyO, Yugoslavia, Dec. l.
-Yugoslavia began its trial of an
accused Russian spy ring today
with the announcement that one
Of the suspects had committed
suicide to escape prosecution.
Ten white Guardists' Rus
slams who fled to Yugoslavia after
the 1918 revolution. but took up
Soviet citizenship after the last
war-were lined up, in the dock
in front Of armed militiamen.
The defendants are charged
with funneling information to
Russia through the Soviet En-
bassy in Belgrade.
The court announced that Of
the II originally scheduled to ap-
pear, two were absent. Ladislav
Nekhlyudov had hanged himself
in his Jail cell, the court said,
leaving a note denying his guilt
and saying all of his activities
had been carried out as a Soviet
citizen. Another defendant was
too Ill to appear.
Priest Among Defendants.
The 10 who sat on the hardwood
bench as the lengthy indictment
was read this morning included a
gray-bearded. black-robed Russian
Orthodox priest who is alleged to
have been the contact agent be-
tween the spy ring and the Soviet
embassy.
The ring was alleged to have
carried on its activities in Bosnia,
one of Yugoslavia's six federated
states. That was why the trial is
being held here in the Bosnian
capital of Sarajevo.
The graystone building where
|
Evening star., 1949-12-01

" q tt m e
c commander
Of the Air
Force. Gen.
Arnold will
discuss how
the j DIN t
Chiefs Of
s taft re-
solved dis
unity in the
armed forces
after the at
ia c k on
Pearl Har-
Dor.
/ Gor Az
Evening star., 1949-12-01
Church Property Use
By Public School Not
Illegal, West Rules
Commissioners Are Told
There Is No Objection to
PIons for Congress Heights

Corporation Counsel Vernon E.
West today ruled there. would be
mo objection" legally to ac-
ceptance by the Board of Educa-
ton of a proposal of three
churches in Congress Heights that
their facilities he used for class
rooms to reduce part-time in
struction in the Congress Heights
Elementary School.
In an opinion forwarded tc
the Commissioners Mr.. West
warned that If the church facili-
ties are used. the Districts public
school system should not get in
volved In any question Of re-
ligious education nor should it use
the church property for anything
but instruction of public school
students with the regular cur
riculum.
An offer to use the facilities OF
three churches within two blocks
Of the Congress Heights School
was made last fall, instigated by
parents who were concerned about
the part-time instruction their
children were getting.
Corning to Study Matter.
The churches which were willing
to allow use Of their facilities, in
return for actual cost of mainte-
nance, were the Congress Heights
Baptist Church, the Congress
Heights Methodist Church and the
Episcopal Church Of the Holy
Communion. -
School Supt. Hobart M. Corning
said he would start an immediate
study of the whole matter to see
what should be recommended to
the Board of Education.
He said he was in no position to
say whether the plan was feasible.
He added that after the suggestion
was made he asked for a ruling
from Mr.. West on the legal prob
lens involved.
He pointed out that ths@ study
would determine if the offered
facilities are suitable, just what
facilities are available as well as
other points.
Vests Ruling Quoted.
Mr.. Vests ruling said:
"It is our opinion that from the
of existing legislation
there is, no objection to accept
ance of the offer of the churches
to make available their facilities
for conducting Of classes by the
public school system without cost
to the District except for actual
maintenance"
The ruling continued that this
was predicted ION the
assumption that the use of the
Evening star., 1949-12-01
Cuban Envoy Coming Here

HAVANA, Cuba. Dec. l (P.-
Ambassador Gonzalo Guell, Cuban
delegate to the Pan American
Union, left for Washington today
He is expected to discuss Cuba S
denial of chrages made jby the
Dominican Republic that an in
vasion of that country is being
prepared in Cuba.
Evening star., 1949-12-01

He credited Mr.. Chapman with
being his tutor and leader" dur
ing his own years in the secre-
taryship. Mr.. Chapman has been
in Interior for Is years as AS
sistant Secretary and later IN
dersecretary.
After the swearing in, Mr..
Chapman made plea for con-
servation and development OF the
Nations resources Ito sustain a
free and thriving society"
ITO become the Secretary OF
the Interior of the United States
is to receive one of the great
honors of our Nation" he said.
1T is one of the gravest trusts
that can be bestowed on a citi-
zen. One can approach this trust
with only the deepest feeling of
lcnn |yrJAnnFAH1 d.. a cI
Evening star., 1949-12-01

\ Gen. Ar Gen. Arnold.
Mold speaks up for the Air
Force in this timely series ap-
peating every Tuesday and
Friday In The Star-News
Authority for the Nations Cap
ital. Phone Sterling 5000 for
home delivery.
Evening star., 1949-12-01
Bulletin
Chest Reaches 81 Pet.

The Washington area Red
Feather drive climbed $102,237
nearer its goal today to reach
a total Of $3,300,097 or 81 per
cent. Chairman Frank J..
Luchs urged "redoubled efforts"
to complete the drive if possible
by next week.
Earlier Story on Page BID
Evening star., 1949-12-01
General Hap Arnold
Writes on Joint Chiefs
In The Star Tomorrow

Tomorrow The Star pub
fishes the second installment
In the series Of articles by
Gen. Hap" Arnold, retired
Evening star., 1949-12-01
U. n. Approves
West st's12.Point
eaceProposa|
Soviet's Opposition
Swomped in Vote Of
General Assembly
BULLETIN

NEW YORK (P.-The United
Nations Assembly swamped So
Wet opposition today and adopt
ed a 12-point Western Power
declaration laying down essen
tials for world peace. The vote
followed a shouted Russian de-
NAL that the Soviet Union is
interfering with the affairs of
Yugoslavia.
Evening star., 1949-12-01
BY the As.oeioted Press

Senator Smith, Republican, OF
New Jersey said today he believes
Gen. Macarthur would favor send
ing American troops to the Island
of Formosa to head off any Com
munist invasion.
THAT door is still open," Senator
Smith told a news conference.
He said a final decision probably
will come from studies by Amer
ican military chiefs on the stra-
tegic value Of the island lying of
the coast of China.
Senator Smith said Gen. Mac
Arthur told him recently that
Formosa is essential to the security
Of Americas Pacific defenses.
IT believe he would choose occu-
patton" Senator Smith said. "The
general doesn't feel Formosa
should be in hostile hands"
At the news conference. Senator
Smith also proposed that Gen
Macarthur be placed in charge OF
American policy throughout the
Far East.
Developments Held Neglected.
He said the general believes
that this country is neglecting
Oriental developments that may
well be the decisive factor as to
whether there will be q World
War III"
Senator Smith said many Amer
Iican officials in Japan believe that
Formosa should be taken over as
part of the Japanese occupation
Evening star., 1949-12-01
Macarthur Would OK
Formosa Occupation,
Senator Smith Says
General Regards Island
As Essential to U. S.
Security, He Asserts

CHANG RESUMES COMMAND
Of NationaFsts in Chengtu.
ay@s, Page AS.
AP NEWSAn II Quits Chungking
on Last Civilian Plane.
Page Az.
Evening star., 1949-12-01

(See HISS, Page A-5)
Evening star., 1949-12-01

(See COAL, Page A-5.)
Evening star., 1949-12-01

(See SCHOOLS, Page A-4o
Evening star., 1949-12-01
Guide for Rea d ers

An Associated Press Newspope
Evening star., 1949-12-01

(See YUGOSLAV, Page A-5o
Evening star., 1949-12-01

(See ITALY, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1949-12-01

(See CHAPMAN, Page A-5D
Evening star., 1949-12-01

(See MACARTHUR, Page A-5J
Evening star., 1949-12-01

Sunny with high about 50 today. Increas-
ing cloudiness tonight, low around IS. To-
morrow mostly cloudy with possible rain
Gull report on Page AID
Evening star., 1949-12-01

lote New York Markets, Poee A-3l.
Evening star., 1949-12-14
Final Arguments Begin
In Trial Of t0Charged
with Georgia Beatings
BY the Associotsd Press

ROME, Ca, Dec. 14.-Final ar
guments began today in the mass
civil rights trial of 10 rural Geor-
gians which grew out Of the fog
ging Of seven Negroes.
A Federal jury Is expected to
receive the case by late afternoon,
thus bringing to a close the Bit
terly fought legal battle which
began November 81.
The Government announced
yesterday that the last of the wit
nesses had been heard and De-
fense Attorney Frank M. Gleason
promptly asked for a directed ver-
dict Of acquittal.
Request Refused.
Judge Frank A. Hooper Of At
lanta, a newcomer to the Federal
bench, turned the request down
with equal promptness on the
grounds that there was enough
contradiction in testimony to
warrant a jury decision.
Mr.. Gleason contended there
was insufficient evidence to link
the defendants to a conspiracy.
He held that the Government
had the wrong 10 men on trial.
Judge Hooper observed in pass
ing that since much Of the Gov
ernment's case was built on cir
Evening star., 1949-12-14

A salt-cellar given by Queen
Elizabeth to Sir Francis Drake Is
to be sold soon in London.
Evening star., 1949-12-14
Gen. Devers Will Direct
AAA Traffic Safety Work

Gen. Jacob L. Devers, war
time deputy to the Supreme Allied
Commander, has been named to
guide the American Automobile
Associations traffic safety work,
1t was announced yesterday.
Lou E. Holland, new AAA presi-
dent, said Gen. Devers will be
managing director Of the organi-
zation's Foundation for Traffic
Safety. Announcement was made
at a luncheon in Mr.. Hollands
honor with Government officials
interested in transportation prob
lens in attendance.
Mr.. Holland outlined the foun-
dation's objectives as Improvement
in the traffic behavior of adult
drivers and pedestrians. improved
and expanding pedestrian protec-
ton programs, and the further
development and expansion Of
high school driver education and
training, the school safety patrol
system and grade school education
in safety.
Evening star., 1949-12-14

cumstantial evidence and that the
matter Of identification involved
masked men-Ku Klux Klansmen
less identification might be re-
quired than might be under strict
rules Of law"
Time and again during his argu-
ment. with the jury out Of the
room, Mr.. Gleason pointed out
that there was nothing illegal
about wearing masks in Georgia.
He also pointed out that the
sole issue was conspiracy and held
that there is no Federal law pro-
tecting citizens from assault and
battery. trespassing for visits from
masked men.
The Government charges that
the 10 Dade County defendants,
including Sheriff John w. Lynch,
three of his deputies and six 9TH
ers, conspired to have the seven
Negroes arrested without cause"
the night Of April 2.
This conspiracy. the Govern
ment insisted. called for the sur
render of the seven to a xxx
band for beating.
A salt-cellar given by Queen
Elizabeth to Sir Francis Drake Is
to be sold soon in London.
Evening star., 1949-12-14
Study Of Low Incomes
Switches 10 HOUSING
After Tobin Testifies

A congressional subcommittee
studying the problems of low
income families turned to housing
today, after hearing an appeal
from Secretary of Labor Tobin
for more liberal unemployment
compensation and old-age pen
sions.
Mr.. Tobin's testimony yesterday
afternoon was taken as new
indication the administration will
seek Senate action this winter on
social security revision. The House
has passed a bill bringing more
workers into the contributory
Federal old-age retirement sys-
tenn with increased benefits.
The Labor Secretary also said
1t would be desirable for Con-
gress to write Federal standards
to require the States to pay in
creased benefits to unemployed
workers for at least 26 weeks.
Each State Has Own Law.
While the old-age retirement
system Is operated directly by the
Federal Government, each State
has its own unemployment COM
pensation law, based on csrtain
Federal standards.
Mr.. Tobin said he would like to
see an approach made to a $780,
a-month pension for workers COW
cred by social security, along with
a gradual increase in the mini
mum wage to 81 an hour.
Congress this year raised the
minimum wage from 40 cents an
hour to rs cents. MIR. Tobin esti-
mated that under present .ocial
security benefits, "a retired work.
er and his wife now receive on
the average Of less than $500 a
year."
Mr.. Tobin thus made 1t clear
that he wasn't satisfied with the
social security measure passed
during the last session by the
House, although he said he was
delighted" with the progress that
had been made.
100000 More Covered.
The House bill, which now is
awaiting Senate action, extends
social security coverage to some
100000 additional workers and
makes changes both In the rate
and base of tax assessment.
At present the 2 per cent tax,
per cent each on employer and
employe, is levied against the
first $4,000 Of the workers income.
The House bill would increase
this figure to $500. Mr.. Tobin
suggested that it should be in
creased to $500 on the basis of
the present National income.
The present tax goes to 3 per
cent in 1850, and under the House
bill. to per cent in 1851, with en-
ployer and employe each con-
tributing one half.
Benefits Raised 10 Per Cent.
The House measure. on an aver
age, is expected to raise insurance
benefits from 10 to 80 per cent.
This would fall short Of the $100|
a month pension favored by Mr..
Tobin.
Senator Tobin said that private
industrial pension systems, such
as labor unions have been driving
for vigorously this year, should
supplement. but not replace. a
Government insurance system.
The subcommittee Is seeking in
formation on what can be done to
increase the earning capacities of
families receiving less than $4,000
annually.
Evening star., 1949-12-14
Film Premiere Planned
At Center Tonight

The Washington premiere OF
the documentary fllm "A Day of
|Deliverance," will be held at $3.50
o'clock tonight in the Jewish Com
munity Center.
The film shows the work of the
Joint Distribution Committee
with DPS, North African Jews and
the Israel community. Other films
to be shown are Homecoming
1949," "Tzena Tzena" and Songs
of Friendship"
Evening star., 1949-12-14
UhIer Elected Chairman -
OF Fairfax Democratic Uni

The Fairfax County Democratic
Executive Committee last night
elected Edward K. Uhler OF An
nandale as chairman to serve q
two-year term.
William T. Finley Of the Lick
precinct, was the only other can
didate for the post.
Committee members were guests
Of George c. Landrith of Groveton
at a dinner meeting at the Penn
Dav Hotel.
Other officers elected were John
c. Mackall, Mclean, vice chair
man: Mrs. Eleanor s. Justusson,
Annandale, secretary. and MIR.
Landrith, treasurer.
New Zealand motor dealers
have asked permission to import
10000 cars in 1850.
Evening star., 1949-12-14
Forum on Schools Called

The Inter-church Fellowship OF
Washington will sponsor public
forum on the inadequacy Of edu-
cation facilities for Negro chill
dren, with particular reference to
the Cardoza-Central High School
controversy, at 8:15 o'clock to-
night in the All Souls Unitarian
Church. Sixteenth and Harvard
street NV. Gardner L. Bishop,
president Of the Consolidated
Parents Group, will be the main
speaker.
Evening star., 1949-12-14

A contest will decide on the
best flower display on a London
bombed site.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-04-07
A.A.U.W. Branch
Learns of Pottery

A sound moving picture, CLAY,
Hands and Fire" showing the manu-
facturc of Spode china, was seen by
members and others interested at the
monthly meeting of the Garrett
Branch of the A.A.U.W., on Monday
evening at the Parish House. Mrs. S.
T. Naylor gave sketch of the history
of English dinnerware in Wedgewood
and Miss Ruth Keller spoke on the
history of Spode.
1t was noted by the speakers that
dinnerware is rather recent product,
although the art of pottery is as old
as civilization. 1t was pointed out that
it was less than 200 years ago that
English potters produced what is now
known as English earthware.
Josiah Wedgewood and Josiah
Spode were the first among potters
who experimental until they found
the formula which produced ware
comparable to that imported from
China.
Spode perfected the process of un-
derglazed printing for decoration
which process made china less costly
to produce and brought it into the
| reach of the general public.
Two pieces of Wedgewood were on
display for those present, Jasper
green vase with cameo relief in
white, which was characteristic of
Wedgewood, owned by Mrs. S. T.
, Naylor; and a Wedgewood meat
platter, over $50 years old, having de-
scended through the family of Mrs.
Charles Keller, of Grantsville.
1t was announced the branch was
sponsoring an appearance of Stan
wood Cobb, Washington, D. c., edu-
Gator and lecturer, and writer of
books on education and psychology.
This will be in the form of joint
Parent-Teacher association meeting
of Elementary and High school, on
April 21st. The public is invited.
| A.A.U.W. members plan to attend a
/ luncheon at the William-James Hotel
on April 30, sponsored by the All
club of Oakland, at which time a
Danish exchange student will be the
speaker.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-04-07
Garrett County's
Bucket Brigade

Another feature story, with pic
lures, appeared Sunday, April 3, in
the magazine metrogravure section OF
the Baltimore Sunday Sun.
The story by Ralph Reppert, con-
Germs the making of maple syrup and
sugar on the farm of Guy S. Stanton,
Grantsville. Pictures are by A. Au-
brey Bodine. The front cover of the
magazine is a view of the surround
ing country from one section of the
grove, s howing a collection beng
made from the trees, to be put into
he tank cart, standing nearby. With
n the article itself are pictures
showing the gathering of the syrup,
bv Hubert D. Stanton, the arrival of
The tank cart to the sugaring camp
where the sugar water will be I'M
oaded, showing the tapping of the
.rees and inserting the Spite in the
hole, testing the syrup by Guy Stan
ton, and pouring the syrup into the
molds for the various forms of sugar.
The story of maple sugar making is
told about every year, but still con-
tinues to be of utmost interest to
readers.
Here it is, only the third of April
md yet one of Maryland's harvests is
practically over.
A mere dribble of maple water"
and this not the best-remains to
oe gathered from the groves of West
ern Maryland and boiled down to
syrup and sugar.
Traditionally, sugarng begins in
Jarrett County the week of Wash
ington's birthday, and runs through
March and on briefly into April-un
il the swelling buds signal a halt.
During this time days work starts
in early morning, when the air is so
cold and clear that the ring of an ak
or the clatter of farm wagon can be
heard mile or more. And the fires
beneath the boiling watts bloom vivid
anu plllh JllOuSH OlOuuS VI S1Cdih
until late at night.
But the preparations for all this be-
gin long before Washington's birth
day, for all the equipment has to be
secured and made ready. On the Guy
S. Stanton farm, near Grantsville,
this equipment includes:
The big watts in which the maple
water will be stored temporarily, OF
boiled down to syrup and sugar.
The keelers, which are four-gallon
buckets of white pine that catch the
water as it drips from the. trees
galvanized buckets have only begun
to replace wooden ones at Stanton's.
The spiles are slender 3-inch tubes
that are driven into the naples to
serve both as spouts for the trees
| oozing water and as hooks to hang
the keelers on. Here metal has almost
entirely replaced the old-time spiles,
, made by following out elder or sumac
stems.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1949-04-07
PAGE THREE

tobacco companies to sweeten their
product, and by various other COM
mercial concerns. Brick sugar" is
cruder variety of cake sugar pressed
into book-size bricks, also for the
commercial trade.
The children around a maple sugar
camp have their own favorite by
products. One of these is "spotz," an
extremely sticky form of syrup
halfway between ordinary syrup and
sugar "Spotz" is poured upon
saucerful of snow or into glass of
cold water, then chewed like cara
mel
Maple taffy is made by boiling the
syrup until it is gummy, cooling it,
then pulling it until it is creamy white
and hard.
Maple cream is heavy syrup, with
or without table cream added, beaten
into butter and served as such.
AS the sugaring season nears its
close, the men at the Stanton camp
keep a particular eye on the weather.
If conditions become exactly right
they can extend the maple water flow
few days by moving their spiles TO
the opposite sides of the trees.
The budding of the red naples is
the first sign that a difnite end is
near. A few days later the sugar
naples take on a rusty brown APP
pearance as their buds swell Then
the season breaks rapidly. By the
time the men can take down all the
keelers the hillside groves are car
peted with anemones and birds are
building their nests in the naples.