davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-06-19
By RowIond Evans, Jr.

Uncle Sam has spent more than
81, 600 000.00 educating veterans
during the first five years of opera
ton of the famous "GI Bill OF
Rights"
That is twice the cost Of the
bills unemployment and self
employment provisions. for which
taxpayers have been billed $3,57l,-
O00, 900.
Home. farm and business loans,
the third major item In the Serv-
icemen's Readjustment Act. as the
CT bill is properly known. have
been underwritten by the Govern
ment to the tune of $4.147 .000, 900.
Defaulted loans and automatic
Foreign Educators Amazed
cash payments covering part OF
the first years interest on each
loan have so far cost only $177,-
600, 900 but could conceivably run
into billions, too before the loan
is paid of.
A fourth section Of the bill has
resulted in transfer to the Vet
erans' Administration Of about 40
Army and Navy surplus hospitals
with a capacity Of about 10000
beds.
Under q fifth section thousands
of veterans have had other than
honorable discharges changed to
q better variety.
Let's have look at the principle
features of the CT bill, undoubted-
ly the most outstanding veterans
legislation ever passed:
/. Education.
DR.. Francis j. Brown, staff as
Evening star., 1949-06-19

cially scheduled flight. The
inaugural run carried airmail
and 80 guest passengers.
The first % paying passen-
gers to cross the Atlantic few
the Azores route. aboard the
Dixie Clipper. Some had
booked passage eight years be-
fore. The Dixie Clipper took
of from Port Washington Is
minutes before the Yankee
Clipper landed at Southamp-
ton.
During the first fiscal year.
ending and by June 30. lS4o,
air traffic between the United
States and Europe totaled 1.7S0
passengers. Atlantic cargo 'in-
cluding Bermuda, added up to
854,572 ton-miles. Service be-
gan with one round trip week
ly to Foynes. Ireland. and one
to Lisbon.
Recovering from war inter-
ruptions, trans Atlantic lines
have extended their routes and
increased their flights. Last
year all scheduled airlines n.y.
ing the ocean air lanes made
S,764 crossings. OF which more
than 5000 were by United
Evening star., 1949-06-19

States carriers. or the all .i3s
passengers, almost las 900 few
In United States planes. Trans
Atlantic cargo totaled 23.622,-
02s ton-miles.
Pan American had no com
petition 10 years ago. Now at
least 10 lines fiy scheduled
runs. Flights no longer stop at
the Shorelines, but continue on
around almost a million miles OF
elobal routes. The flying boats
average i25 miles an hour.
taking ~ hours to reach Lisbon
and 26 hours to reacn Foynes,
Now the clippers have been re-
tired In favor OF huge aircraft
which carry so passengers at
around 270 miles an hour.
reaching London and Paris in
IL to l6 hours.
One-way fare from New York
to Lisbon was $42S In June.
1910. Now they're 1856 one
way TO Lisbon. and $3.50 to
London. Winter excursions are
offered at one third more than
the one way fare. Passengers
can take their choice OF i6s
weekly flights. at any time OF
the year.
Evening star., 1949-06-19

Originally, Great Britain and
the United States had planned
to start their scheduled flights
simultaneously. Pan American
had solved technical problems
by 1894, and had made land
ing agreements before then
with Newfoundland. Green
land, Iceland and Canada. Col.
Charles Lindbergh had sur
veyed 10000 miles Of coast on
both sides of the Atlantic. from
the Arctic Circle to the Equator.
in 1882.
Pan American agreed to wait
until the government-owned
British line was ready for regu-
lar transatlantic service. BY
1889, with war clouds darken-
ing, the British permitted the
American line to start service
without further delay. In the
meantime, Germany, France
and Italy had begun prepara-
tions for transatlantic service.
Germany had gained a lead
in the contest for international
air supremacy by starting regu-
lar flights of the zeppelin Hin
denburg between Frankfurt and
New York. The Hindenburg
Evening star., 1949-06-19
Administration Drafts Ne,u Plan To Stabilize Economy

then general counsel for the
bonneville Power Administration
Of the Interior Department. de
was the first assistant secretary
named by Mr.. Krus when Mr'
Krug was appointed In 1895.
The peculiar value OF Mr. Gun :
ford and Mr.. Murphy has been
noted. Both are lawyers. neither
has a pre-Truman BACKGROUND
of governmental policy making or
execution. Mr.. Clifford. ~ years
old was q partner In . large
St Louis Law firm before his White
House appointment three years
ago. Mr.. Murphy. who s 90. was
born In North Carolir,a. he oe-
came a lawyer in the once Of
the senate legislative Counsel
after graduation from Duke Uni
yersity Law School in 1884. and
remained there until President
truman. whom Mr.. Murphy had
known a. q Senator. brought MIN
10 the white House In 1875.
Two From Harvard
Mr.. Ewing ID . genial wan
Street lawyer. born In 0reensosrx.
Ind. 90 years aso. He wurked his
way through Harvard Law school
and was q succeufld Government
special prosecutor In the treason
trial OF Douglas Chandler and the
sedition trial Of william Dudley
reiley. the Silver Shirt ieader.
Mr.. Oi6s. Who b -. was born In
New York state and educated as
Amherst. Harvard and Columbia
He has been employed NJ research
man by the American redsrsfsou
az Labor. q statistician. IN editor
of q labor press service. executive
secretary Of the New York StAtN
Power Authority. He has been Z
member cf the PC for 10 yeArs
and has served on ngfmfrcsas
boards aind advisory committees
n ssssssi srssSs.ss2 va .. lssa'
Evening star., 1949-06-19

schools: $50, 900 were in job train
ing programs and 286 900 in "insti-
tutional on-farm" training pro-
grams. an F.
VA officials say the peak Of
college training has passed. They
believe the same is true Of on-the-
Job training. But enrolment In
pre- college schools is going up.
The reason. says offlcials. may be
the recent rise in unemployment
More Farm Training
The Budget Bureau has written
q report implying that eligibility
for pre-college training will be
tightened to make sure veterans
do not use their subsistence allow
ance as relief funds. II this Is
done 1t would simply be an exten-
sion Of the ban on avocational and
recreational programs.
Institutional on-farm training
is also increasing. but officials say
the reason here is that some
States are just now getting their
training programs into top-notch
shape. .
These programs are operated
by county agricultural groups CO.
ordinated by q State committee.
Farmer-veterans must either own
or operate q farm to be eligible.
They must spend at least 200
hours a year in the classroom and
100 hours under supervised In
struction on the farm.
DR.. Lindley II. Dennis. execu-
tive secretary of the American Vo-
cational Association. calls GI bill
farm training great. evolu-
t;oporv stem forward in the buS1-
Evening star., 1949-06-19

ness of training for farming"
2. Unemployment pay.
The $3,571 ,000. 900 1t has cost
to operate the bills readJustment
allowance section is split In two
parts. Three billion dollars has
gone to unemployed veterans at
the rate of $40 a week for a maxi
mum OF 50 weeks. The balance
has gone to self-employed veterans
who failed to make q net profit
Of 500 In any one month.
Only l.l50, 900 veterans have ex-
hausted all their allowance pay
ments. Unless Congress acts soon,
few more will get the chance to
do 30. The program ends next
month for all but q handful OF
veterans.
But S,6iS,57o veterans have
cashed at least one weekly or
monthly check. In the peak year
ls4s, some $l,743. .000, 900 was paid
out. Today 100000 veterans are
on the rolls. less than one-tniro
the number In l946.
3. Loans. .-....
The loan section OF the bill pro-
yides Government guarantees on
private loans obtained by veterans
for buying or building a house or
buying or starting q business or a
farm. Approved loans carry a 30
per cent guarantee. up to maxi
mum guarantee Of $4,000 on all
real estate loans and $4,000 on
|nonreal estate loans. There is no
limit to the amount which can
be borrowed.
So far l,4ss,oo have borrowed
50. .20o. 900 900 for home loans;
lot 900 have borrowed $685. .o0o.-
Evening star., 1949-06-19
7On1Hns0n
tcontlnued Prom rAss c.it

sns In unable 10 afford safsSienl
machinery and pavtns materials.
Other Projects
Chile. wiih some help from tts
Worl6 Bank ard the Expprt~fn-
port Bank. ss bulidins large hyase-
electric plants. carrying cut irr1.
gataon projects and eseetanK o
small st~si mil Tn~ sosernment
Of Bolivia has plans fas construct
ins o hlEh~ay co1n the Andes
into the East@ru htnssYiand 10 tte
oil and esstis country. Peru has
already Constructed ons af tha
moas exsenaass highway ssstefss
Of any nation In South America.
Two highways TODAY stsss isss
colossal Andean ransss from tne
sea 70 tfs jungle. and it s pos
atnse 20 drtve en- o highway thas
il pared nearly tfs enttfe distance
from hsr northern border 10 fhs
Dolirian fronta<r.
Eeasmdaw, aabder Ehe lea6eFkaaac
of rs n~w Preaadsnt. 0M1o Fs&x&.
foymer Asnbssssdos ta wskhins.
ton and gYadasss cf untsed States
universities. 10 takinE 60 n<S hfs.
Tns government 81 pssssdsns
Piazza ID oHessnx ssxssFcsaa asessns-
nnenss 10 forsaxn espssaa te seap
d~sssoc 10 resources. n . nAs
os ssae fww eoan1a&s .sss 81 es~
possta fsss In ahAkasx II psc@szna@
for sor~axn companies 10 carry
out new expsosatsons
Az osss III raF ha3nss4 aspacsnats
marns II 10. when yo@ eexzaasfg
that n y mace 40 sf - sepafsss.
6aesanes an6 vafted e@ssnsFs~s and
peopaes. fhs Latin Amsrieas posa.
teal reeord u no ns1ss etss<ssss1
tran snes cf any yass area ef tsss
world. Its seaEanass 0ssscek y
'e<ssasnsy Ne kss saisans.~
Evening star., 1949-06-19
Voorons Educnti0n Pr0grum Costs Seven Billion So Far

/ 600 to acquire businesses; 81 .0e1
have borrowed sis7 900 900 TO sci
farms.
Only six -tenths per cent Of al
loans made have resulted In
claims against the Government
because of defaults by veterans
Claims amount to sli,2l5.SS0
much OF which VA says 1t Will
be able to recover.
4. Appeal Of discharge.
When 1t wrote the bill In the
spring Of le45 Consress foresaw
that the hurly-burly Of sudden
rehabilitation might result In
some veterans getting bum deals
on their discharges, 30 1t in
cluded q section which set UP spe-
cial discharge review boards TO os
appointed by the service secre-
taries with the sole Job OF re-
viewing other -than-honorahle dis
charges
Cut.Of Dates Vary
| The veteran Is guaranteed .
personal hearing before the board
to plead q change OF discharge
So far appeals Of 1905 have beer
successful.
The CT Bill has no single cut
IN sate Almoxt nil education
will end July Is. 1855. Almost Ai
loans will have been made by Jul,
as. 1857. The unemployment a.
| Ilowance provision ends for alr'os'
all veterans this coming July 70
The chance to appeal . dischars'
expires June ~. 1869. or ID year
after discharge. whichever Is iater
/ tptssrieatsd by the Associated rrsss1
Evening star., 1949-06-19

sociate Of the American Council
on Education and formerly execu-
tive secretary Of the President &
Commission on Higher Education
says: What the CT bill has done
and is doing to educate the young
men of this country Is unprece-
dented in the history Of scholar
ship education. Its full signifi-
canoe won't be realized for years.
During its first two years ot
operation the bill was the main
factor in jumping college enroll
ment from 10000 to 2.500. 500. 70
per cent higher than the prewar
peak.
Veterans get up tofour calendar
years of almost any type Of educa-
ton or training they want. A l94s
amendment to the bill cuts out
certain courses such as flying
dancing and drink-mixing unless
the veteran can show they will help
him earn his living. Aside from
that restriction and the fact that
all training institutions must be
approved by q State education
agency. the door is open to any
manner, shape or form OF educa-
tion or training.
Foreign educators. says DR.
Brown. are amazed at the huge
possibilities of the CT bill and al
the numbers Of veterans profiting
More than 100000 out Of about
Is ,000, 900 eiigibles have used ur
some of their education rights
However, only $3.50 have ex-
l1austed their entire benef1t.
Last month about 1000, 900 were
studying in college-leyel schools
and more than 100000 In other
Evening star., 1949-06-19

reasonably adequate staff. while
staff work in the Agriculture De-
partment in the think" field is
regarded as inferior. handicap
ping Mr.. Bean and Mr.. Brannan
Mr.. Ewing Is thought Of as
promoter and a hard fighter, not
a thinker. First rate ideas are
furnished to him and Arthur J.
Altmeyer. social security commits
sioner, by I. S. Falk, chief OF So
cial security research and statis-
tics, and Wilbur J. Cohen. tech
nical adviser to Mr.. Altmeyer.
Some Of the group. Mr.. Ander-
SON for example. evolve ideas
partly by q process Of original
thinking and partly by picking
the brains" Of others. Br. Bran
nan might be found on the fringe
of this category. For example
the much -publicized farm stabil-
ity program which he developed
and Is earnestly promoting Is re-
ported to have been the brain
child Of James Patton. president
Of the National Farmers Union
Mr.. Murphy Is regarded pri-
marily as q liaison man. Mr.. Clf-
ford as . good catalyzer. Mr.
Clds Ia the anchor man Of the
public power advocates. Mr.
Davidson has unusual courage and
an excellent stan Of thinkers. II
may be recalled that two year,
ago, when the Interior Depart
ment was thought 70 be IRE.
vocably committed to the Pick
sloan plan for deyeloping tn
Missouri River basin because O
the Reclamation Bureaus shar'
| In formulating 1t. Mr.. Davidson
delivered = speech In favor O
such agencies ~ the proposes
Missouri Valley Authority.
Whatever influence the FAt
| Dealers have On President Tru'
| man and his policies ID . coi1ectiy'
one. but since the whole y tn
Evening star., 1949-06-19

sum of its parts. it is pertinent to
set down the background OF each
individual so that reader may
better evaluate the end product.
Mr.. Keyserling. q native OF
South Carolina. is the principal
figure in the group. He Is dis
ciple of Lord Keynes. from whom
the New Deal derived Its main
principles. Lord Keynes advo-
Gated Government spending to
take I'D slack in the economy
when private spending Jagged.
Early New Dealer
Plump. Al years old and soft
spoken, Mr.. Keyserling has been
In Government since the early
New Deal, In which he played o
minor role. His legal and eco
nomic training were obtained at
Harvard and Columbia Universe
ties. For several years in the
mid-30s he was legislative Sec
retary to Senator Wagner. Demo-
Icrat, Of New York. and assisted
him In formulating labor and
recovery legislation. He was as
sociated with the Federal Housing
Administration until his ap-
Ipointment 10 the economic coun-
ell, which was created by . Law
| he helped to write.
Mr.. Bean. who was born In
Russia In 1895. also has . Har-
ward degree and enjoys the dis
tinction Of having forecast the
ELECTION Of President Truman iasi
fall. He has held various eco
nomic and statistical posts In the
IARriculture Department for most
iof the last 75 years. but his in
iterests have ranged far beyond
| the confines Of his job. He q
1.-THE principal governmental ex-
ponent OF expanding the steel
industry 10 maintain fun en-
lployznent for m increasin popu.
Evening star., 1949-06-19

lation. Mr.. Bean apparently has
sold President Truman on TINS
view.
Mr.. Anderson was born In North
Dakota in 1897 and educated In
California, which he regards as
his home. He has q long record
as writer on economic subjects
and as an executive Of private
and governmental welfare snd re-
search organizations. He was one
of the early exponents Of an MVA.
He has q Pm. d. from Stanford
University and served In the Cali
fornia LEGISLATURE. His friends
saws he Is extremely brilliant.
his counsel Is sought by many
procressives, in and out Of Gov
ernment.
MIR. Brannan, an excellent sales
man I'm addition TO his other at
tributes, is q lawyer and has been
associated with the Agriculture
Department since 1885. he Was
born In Denver IN 1sUs. ne thiaAs
depressions and iniiations are not
inevitable, that the Government
can do something about them and
that orderly changes In the eco
nomic system should be promoted
10 avert violent upsets.
Several Lawyers
Mr.. Davidson. q native Of Louixs-
ana. is 80 years old. . lawyer. and
n rising influence IN Government
councils. He is the main arcni-
tecs OF the proposed Columbia
valley Administration and has
fought vigorously for expanded
hydro-electric power and steel
making capacity. He was for .
time an attorney for the Ten
nessee Valley Authority and. In
private practice. for Rural kiec-
trifcation co-operatiyes. He vas
4 lawyer for the Once Of Prcduc-
tion MANAGEMENT and War Pro-
duction Board during theYar and
Evening star., 1949-06-19
Continued From Page CID

((OHll1luGu EIUuu dSC SAo
year -old Oklahoma lawyer who is
the new Federal Works Admins
traitor and who may become. II
pending legislation is enacted. a
sort of general housekeeper for
the Government. The Fair Deal
ers think Mr.. Larson may be a
man with q future. especially II
there is depression OF any con-
sequence.
The other is Mariner s. Eccles,
a member of the Board OF Gov
ernors of the Federal Reserve
System since the mid-30s. MIR
Eccles, who was once board chair
man, still exerts a strong In
fiuence. The Fair Dealers seek his
advice from time to time. He Is
regarded as having available the
best staff work in Washington
Their Characteristics
The inner circle which meets
most frequently either together o.
in subgroups consists Of Messrs
Brannan, Davidson. Keyserling
Anderson, Murphy and Clifford
These men fan out to include
others for consideration Of par
ticular topics. They get help on
labor problems. for example. from
Donald e. Montgomery. . one
time New Dealer who Is chief o1
the Washington ofiice Of the GIG
United Auto Workers and an un.
official spokesman for UNIV Pres.
ident Walter Reuther. and X
some extent from Stanley II. Rut.
1tenberg. CIO director Of research
and education. They do not hayl
much contact with the ALL
The members Of the grouy
function In different ways. Mr.
Bean and Mr.. Keyserling. for ex-
ample, do q good deal Of originsl
thinking. Mr.. Keyserling has 2
Evening star., 1949-06-19
Il. S.-Britain Talk China
Out of Appeal to U.N.
Nationals, Regime Advised Not TO Press
Case Agains, Russia for Inspiring
and Assisting Chinese Reds
.. Sse,sssssns ktrws

ch4n~~ sos~rnnsatSs ~hhi srH t@aas tf eo~'seS
Of encourages a.
rses~nuas CANA cas- ~
tax United AS~nes tire ~as FAat ran
Ihe ss'Fi sesFSsna
The se~r A. sAs ansssAs ~ Ire
Evening star., 1949-06-19
Asoidsble

Our diplomats leaders e6,Tssad.
cred the xixe OF China and ecn-
eluHed that the task of saisAxsnE
anything important from Il waa
beyond our means. They ssae
were % deToted 70 the cea q
prxsentanr ecmmuntxm from max.
tne deeper inro&ds into Enrcp<
THAT they allowed the Kremltn %
take what 10 considered hy srs-
ciaissss ~ tae mnst IMPORTANT rs-
gson In the wrrid.
The Chinese gsneTals. cy and
large. wers corrupt and isscosss.
pesent. But. seccfdsnx 70 eyx'
witnesses. fhe chinese trocpa
fouxhf as seass ~ vel 50 tn
Greeks and tfs< Nasacrsaass Res-
erumens cu1jd hare eeen sssrd-'
N the Greeks hsve heen--a -
had saarxn half - much Ins<res'
IN TIE Par East ~ ne hare khosr
m the MediteraneAn area.
Timely intervention with sszp'
psses and aetsvs military adssaers
eouId hsvs prsvsntea The rrsseni
Evening star., 1949-06-19

ia bushels per acre. Last year
the yields were still higher. where
adaptable hybrid seed was used.
Corn Tests Made
The experiments in Italy were
carried out by technicians and
field labor new to the undertaking
The shortage Of fertilizers dis
couraged any liberal use Of arti-
ficial plant-food. Hence 1t seems
conservative to say that their best
results are likely to be ahead Of
them.
It can be expected that the
italian farmers. as they learn the
technique of scientific seed cul-
ture, will grow 10 grains Of food
where before they produced one
This Is the practical way In which
10 make the acreage already
available more productive.
Europe's agricultural problem
sntirely different from ours. They
have an overcrowded population
which must be kept busy. The.
cannot afford the mechanizatior
Of their farms to ANYTHING lik,
the extent we have applied 1t IL
the United States. Their primary
need Is for new varieties OF food
Grain seeds and modern technique
n cultivation and harvesting.
Evening star., 1949-01-23
Taft 10 Concentrate Energy
On Reelection 10 Senate
sy the Associated Press

Senator Taft, Republican of Ohio.
said last night he is concentrating
his whole personal energy" on
campaign for reelection to the Sem
ate in 1850.
If the labor bosses" defeat him
then, he said in a radio interview,
they will control the Government
for a great many years to come"
The co-author of the Taft-Hartley
law said labor organizations are
raising millions of dollars to de-
feat me- The Ohioan added that
since he could not hope to match
such a fund, Il guess I will have
to start now on a door-to-door
campaign"
Senator Taft, however, said he
was confident of reelection and
that he feels sure that when the
people understand the Taft-Hartley
law. "even the labor members will
support me"
Evening star., 1949-01-23
TUESDAY.
7 House Draft Foes
Delay Repeal Fight
Ry the Associated Press

Two Congressional opponents OF
the draft said yesterday they are not
planning to push for repeal OF the
selective service law this year.
Both agreed that repeal OF the
draft might increase pressure on
Congress for permanent universal
military training law.
Representative Hayenner, Demo-
crat of California; told reporters he
has not heard repeal suggested by
any House members even though the
Army is keeping up to full strength
with volunteers. Representative
Bishop Republican Of illinois, said
he would oppose repeal of the draft.
If we repealed the draft, the mill
tary would Immediately demand
UNIT" he said.
Representatives Havenner and
Bishop, both members of the House
Armed Services Committee last year,
voted against the draft law.
Chairman Vinson, of the House
Armed Services group will not con-
slider either UNIT or draft repeal
this year. The draft law expires
June "a, 1850.
Meanwhile the CIO asked the
Sective Service System to order a
blanket deferment from the draft
for active skilled merchant sea-
men" CIO President Philip Muir
ray in a letter to Selective Service
Director Lewis B. Hershey sasd that
20 per cent Of licensed officers and
merchant seamen are within the
draft age.
Evening star., 1949-01-23
College Girl, 70, Missing
From Richmond Campus
Nv the Asxccioted Press

RICHMOND, Va. Jam GA 20
year-old girl student at Westhamp-
ton College here has been missing
from the campus since Thursday
night, police reported today.
She was identified as Miss Dorothy
Amelia Beck, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Joseph T. Beck, OF Crawford,
N. J.
A police missing persons report
said that the girl, member OF the
junior class, is believed to have
packed her suitcase and left the
college with another girl, not a
Westhampton student. She did not
take all her clothing.
Police said it is believed Miss Beck
may be seeking a job in New York.
The girls mother, contacted in
New Jersey, said she had received
no word from her daughter.
College officials said Miss Beck is
a good student and well thought Of"
on the campus.
The girl was described as attrac-
tive with dark blonde hair. She Is
about 5 feet 10 inches tall.