davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-03-19
West Stirred by Pledge
OF Chinese Reds 10 Soviet
By the Associated Press

NANKING, Mar. 19.-Westerr
power diplomats gave close study
today to a Chinese Communist
broadcast supporting Russian for
eign policy and attacking the
United States.
The editorial of the official
Communist news agency yester-
day is GENERALLY regarded here as
the most positive and sweeping
declaration yet made by the
Chinese Communists on alignment
with the Soviet Union in interna-
tional affairs.
The statement cooled off one
section in Western power circles
here. This was the group that be-
lieved the Chinese Communists
could be weaned away from Rus
sia to the extent of at least neu-
tralizing a Communist China in
East West disputes.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Pennsy Freight DeroiIed;
Damage Is $500, 900
BY the Associofed Press

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Mar. 49,
Thirty-one cars of a 75-car
Pennsylvania Railroad freight
train were derailed today. Damage
was estimated at $500,000.
The accident occurred near
Hilliard, about 10 miles west of
Columbus. No one was injured.
The eastbound train was loaded
with merchandise, much of which
was strewn 300 yards along the
right of way. 1t included meats,
gasoline, flour and wine.
q Residents with buckets and.
Baskets carried away some OF the
merchandise.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Icebreoker Sails 20 Miles East
To Go s Miles West in Arctic

An ice pack never is of the same
thickness throughout. 1t is like a
subcontinent of mountains, VAL
leys, lakes and rivers. These are
due to the manner in which the
pack was built up by wind and
ocean current. Yesterday the
Edisto had the fortune to sail into
a veritable iceland Mississippi
a great broad river of open water
which it followed for more than
an hour. It was sluggish river
full of white water lilies'-the
curious lilylike ice formations
which precede pack formation.
There are, however, no perma-
nent features to the great ice con-
tinent. A week from now the
river may be in a different place
and flowing in a different direc-
ton, or it may have changed into
a low mountain range.
The icebreaker is exploring a
hitherto untraveled part of the
Arctic pack consisting of extremely
hard ice which has drifta6 into
its present position from esome-
where near the North Pole.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Chilly Welcomed Like| y
For Spring Tomorrow

The official arrival of spring
tomorrow was scheduled for a
chilly welcome in the District
although the city escaped the snow
which has swept across many
Eastern and Middle Atlantic
States.
The Weather Bureau predicted
fair weather here for today and
tomorrow with a high temperature
in the low 40s today and a few
degrees higher tomorrow. The
low tonight will be about Is in the
city and 20 in the suburbs.
Temperatures in the District are
running about 10 degrees below
average for this time now, the
Bureau said.
Spring is scheduled to arrive at
5:49 pm. tomorrow, according to
Naval Observatory calculations.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Pact to Strengthen
And Support u. NJ,
Truman Declares
BY the Assoeioted Press

KEY WEST, Fla, Mar. 10
President Truman takes the
view that the Atlantic Pact
will strengthen and support
the United Nations" He sent
this telegram to Secretary OF
State Acheson:
Have just listened with
great satisfaction to your
clear and forceful speech.
You have given the country
an admirable exposition of
the principles and objectives
of the Atlantic Pact.
Thoughtful citizens will now
understand that the proposed
treaty operating in complete
harmony with the ConStitu-
ton will strengthen and sup
port the United Nations. Re-
ception excellent over south
ernmost radio station in the
country and entire staff join
me in hearty congratulations
on your superb effort"
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Genuine Peace
Reich Reds Adopt Constitution Genuine Peace
For 100000 Under Soviet; Alliance Aim,
Partition Now Nearly Complete Acheson Says
Senators Generally
Indicate Approval;
Some Are Critical
By Gornett D. Horner

The North Atlantic Treaty was
held out to the world today as an
effort to promote genuine peace"
by making it Enthusiastically clear
that immediate and effective
counter measures will be taken
against those who violate the
peace"
This aim was emphasized by
Secretary of State Acheson last
night in a radio address explain
ing the purposes Of the proposed
pact which would bind the United
States, Canada and key Western
European nations into a "collec-
tive defense" alliance.
He spoke few hours after the
text of the treaty was made pub
lie, giving most members of Con-
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Baby Found Suffocated
Lyinq Face Down in Crib

Linda Mae Story, 2l2 -month-old
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. James
w. Story Of 303 Eleventh street
S.W., was found dead in her crib
there today and apparently had
suffocated while lying face down
police reported.
Mrs. Edna Mae Story, the
mother. told police she placed the
baby in the crib only a short time
before.
The child's father, a veteran
studying at George Washington
University, was driving to Florida
with his father -in-law, Herbert
l.. Wallace. Police were trying to
notify them of the death.
MI. and Mrs. Story have two
other children. James, jr., 6, and
Stuart Lee, who will be 2 next
month.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Alliance Means War
On Russia, Soviet
Official Declares
Bevin, on Radio, Declares
1t Hope of Persons Who
Have Peaceful Intent
ey the Associoted Press

LONDON, Mar. 19-The ma
tions of the West read the North
Atlantic pact today as the outline
for world peace, but Moscow con-
demned it as designed for war.
In blunt language, Britain's For
eign Minister Bevin called it the
hope of persons with peaceful in
tent, and an instrument to block
Kremlin efforts to rule Europe by
fear.
The Moscow radio, in an Eng
lish-language broadcast, charged
that this pact means war on the
Soviet Union" The voice was
identified as that of DR.. I. Lemin,
Soviet historian.
These statements were typical
of the reaction of statesmen and
the press in the two cold war
camps. The non Communist
newspapers of Western Europe
also hailed terms of the pact as
assuring that the United States
will not stand idly by if their
countries are attacked.
u. N. Seen Unsuccessful.
Mr.. Bevin, in a radio broad
cast, declared the United Ma
tions has failed to find the key
to enduring peace. "just as the
League of Nations did not fulfill
it's purpose" The Council OF For
eign Ministers has been equally
unsuccessful, he continued, while
country after country fell into
the Soviet orbit and Communism
acted ito suppress all democratic
liberty, destroy any party that did
not agree with the government.
Mr.. Bevin accused the Commu-
mist countries of running per-
petual campaign of incitement
calculated to disrupt economic
Life, prevent Europe from settling
down, and to create situation OF
chaos, in order that the will OF
the Kremlin could be carried out
and the whole of Europe brought
into bondage"
What, then. were the peace,
freedom-loving nations to do?" he
demanded. ITO stand idly by to
Evening star., 1949-03-19
New Effort Is Planned
In House for Passage
OF 70 Sales Tax Bill
D. G. Committee to Meet
Soon to Study Whole
Revenue Problem
By Don S. Worren

House approval of a 2 per cent
retail sales tax as a means OF
meeting an impending Sl8,000,-
900 District fund shortage will
be sought again before the end
of this month. if present plans
carry.
An extraordinary meeting OF
the House District Committee is
scheduled tentatively for next
Tuesday or Wednesday by Chair
man Mcmillan to review the whole
revenue problem.
MIR. Mcmillan, Democrat, OF
South Carolina voiced the belief
after consultations with many
members of the House, that the
District Committee again will send
sales tax bill to the House
floor.
Provides Second Choice.
If this were done. it would
give the House a second chance
at the next District day" in the
House, week from Monday, to
decide between a sales tax and a
broadened city income levy as the
key to settlement of the city S
finance crisis.
1t is taken for granted that any
new move for a sales tax would
bring substitute proposals for a
broad income tax, and that. like
wise, any proposal for a full
f1edged income levy would bring
up the sales tax as substitute
The House last Monday rejected
both sales tax and proposals for
a broad city income levy that
would be applied to most all per-
sons resident here for seven
months or more of the year. The
sales tax was beaten by roll call
vote of 176 to 166, but before
that was recorded the House re-
jected by a vote of 110 to so a
substitute calling for full -f1edged
income levy.
Bitter Fight in Prospect.
Sales tax opponents in the
House District Committee, led by
Representatives Klein of New
York and Kennedy of Massachu-
setts, both Democrats. are to meet
Monday to plan their strategy.
They are expected to make a bit
ter fight against any sales tax
plan.
Much of the new drive for the
sales tax comes from a survey OF
- nIrnrIWn nona
Evening star., 1949-03-19
G.O.P.Defends Paying 81, 500
For Wording of Hartley Bill
House Group Told by Washington Lawyer
OF His Role as Technciun' on Measure

Morgan said he was not an author
of the law, merely "technician.' .
He said Republican members OF
Congress supplied the ideas and
policy and he supplied the proper
legal language.
Testifying in a husky voice, Mr.
Morgan said he is not now and
never has been employed by the
National Association of Manufac-
turers.
Labor leaders and many Demo-
Gratis have said the Taft-Hartley
law, especially the Hartley bill
passed by the House in 1947, was
written by the NAM.
Republicans have said that
isn't so.
Mr.. Morgan said he is Demo
(See LABOR, Page A-3o
Evening star., 1949-03-19

gress as wen as people throughout
the world their first look at the
history-making document.
A cautious Senate, which must
ratify the pact before it is bind
ing on this country. gave general
signs of approval although some
Senators voiced criticism.
Hearings to Start Soon.
The Senate Foreign Relations
Committee already has given the
treaty informal approval. Chair
man Connally said the pact will
mobilize "the forces of peace
against the forces of exploitation
and war" Senator Douglas. Dem
ocrat, OF Illinois, predicted that if
the proposed alliance becomes
binding Russia never will move
aggressively against a member ma
ton.
Some critics, like Senator Ma
lone, Republican, of Nevada
charged the agreement would take
out of the hands of Congress the
decision on when this country
would go to war. Others, like Sen
ator Byrd, Democrat, of Virginia
argued that it must not commit
this country to pay for rearming
Western Europe.
Secretary Acheson gave the ad-
minstration's answer to some OF
the criticism last night. More de-
tailed answers will come at public
hearings by the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee. Chairman
Connally said hearings will start
as soon as the treaty is submitted
for ratification, expected to be
early next month.
Provides for Joint Action.
The treaty lays the basis for
Joint action to counter any ag-
gression by pledging each OF the
nations signing and ratifying it to
regard an attack on one of them
as an attack on all. If such an
attack occurred, each member OF
the alliance would be bound to
take such action as it deems nee
essary, including the use of armed
force, to restore and maintain
the security of the North Atlantic
area"
Mr.. Acheson said this "does not
mean that the United States
would be automatically at war" in
-. r A NITI0 pA~T Dr. AO)
Evening star., 1949-03-19
|Teamsters 10 Launch
Nationwide Check Of
Union Truck Drivers
Campaign Storts April ]
To Assure Men Are
In Good Standing
By the Associoted Press

SEATTLE, Mar. ia Team
sters Union spokesman said last
night a Nationwide "over-the-
road" campaign will be launched
April lis to check union member
ship of all truck drivers.
Dave Beck, international execu-
tive vice president of the union,
was out of the city, but spokes-
man said no road blocks were in
tended.
The checkup will be made at
loading platforms, weighing sta
tions and places where trucks nor
mally stop for fuel, ETC., he said.
Purpose is to assure that all
drivers are members in good
standing.
Unable to Speak for Nation.
The spokesman said he was un-
able to speak for the entire Ma
tion, but that he doubted trucks
would be stopped on the highway
anywhere, even in cases where op-
orators are not under contract.
Disclosure of the plan came in
letter to Rhode Island truck
owners from A. j. Hylek, secretary
of Rhode Island Local Isl.
Mr.. Hylek's letter said the in
ternational wanted Ito ascertain
whether or not each driver is a
member in good standing" He
wrote that yours is the respon-
sibility" for any inconvenience be-
cause of "infractions" of the good
standing clause.
Mr.. Hylek urged owners Ito see
to it that all members of our local
employed by you are working in
conformity with the provisions Of
the contract now in force"
Hobbs Explains Act.
In Washington, Representative
Hobbs, Democrat, of Alabama. au-
thor of the Hobbs Anti-Racketeer-
ing Act of 1916, was asked for a
comment. (This law was de-
signed to prevent union stopping
of trucks for certain purposes0
Mr.. Hobbs said: If they inter-
fere in the slightest degree with
a truck engaged in interstate
commerce, with the idea of fore
ing the driver to pay any money
or join a union, it would be a vio-
lation.
If they merely ask the driver
if he is a member, and if not, tell
him he ought to join. that would
not be a violation. It has to be
accompanied by some statement
that would cause a reasonable
man to conclude that there was
going to be trouble If he didn't
knuckle under"
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Truman Flying Back
From Short Vacation
picture on Page A-3J
By Joseph A. Fox
Stor Stoff CORRESPONDENT

KEY WEST, Fla, Mar. 10
President Truman took off for
Washington from Boca Chica
Airport in the Independence at
11:O1 am. today, ending his 13-
day vacation on the naval base
here. The flight requires about
four hours.
AS usual, the entire personnel
at the base, in summer whites,
lined the roadway leading from
the Little White House." as the
Presidential car headed a motor
cade to the airport, nine miles dis
tant.
AS usual, too, the Key West peo-
pie turned out to wave good-by.
MIR. Truman planned to be back
at Blair House this afternoon in
plenty of time to attend tonights S
annual dinner of the White House
Photographers Association.
One of the Presidents last acts
here was to pass out diplomas yes
terday afternoon to 20 Navy en-
listed men who have just finished
the six-month course in sonar in
struction-undersea warfare.
Greeted by Capt. Archie Nc
Fadden, the schools commandant.
the President said in a brief talk
that "these young men have been
making studies in their special
line of work that will be OF untold
value in the future and may be a
contributing factor to the peace
of the world"
One of the graduates was Ter
renee Truman Smith of Portland,
Me. The President inquired how
he got the middle name.
sFrom my father, sir" the sailor
replied.
Il hope you can lhe it down.
Mr.. Truman retorted.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Leaders Reaction to Alliance:
West Sees Peace, East Sees War

Communist campaign conceals
the desire Of Anglo-American i'm
perialists to strangle freedom and
sovereignty of the nations, to
plunge them into the maelstrom
of a new war in the interests of
American and British world domi-
nation"
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Foes Of Rankin Seek
Cheaper Substitute
For Pension Bill
Ohio Democrat Plans
To Limit Benefits to
World War ! Veterans
By the Associated Press

Confessional foes of the multi
billion dollar Rankin veterans
pension bill today primed a drive
to sidetrack it for a less costly
substitute.
With the controversial bill Of
fered by Representative Rankin
Democrat, of Mississippi, sched.
uled for consideration in the
House next Tuesday, Representa-
tive Huber, Democrat. of Ohio
disclosed plans to amend it dras-
tically by:
/. Limiting pension benefits al
this time to veterans of World
War I.
2. Establishing financial need as
requirement for eligibility.
3. Requiring honorable dis
charge from the service.
4. Extending increased benefits
to disabled veterans.
Unable to Estimate Saving
Mr.. Huber, unofficial leader OF
the anti-Rankln bill forces in the
House, said his substitute pro-
posals will be great deal less
expensive and more fair and
equitable to the veterans.
Just what savings they would
accomplish, however, Mr.. Huber
himself was unable to estimate
now.
Some indication, however, was
found in Veterans Administration
figures showing that of the 18, 600
900 veterans of both World Wars
all but 100000 are younger vet.
erans who would not be re-eligi-
BILE for pensions under the present
bill until Is or 80 years from now
Will Retain 65-year Benefit.
. That bill provides monthly
pensions of $50 to all veterans
reaching age IS, regardless ot
need.
It's cost has been estimated by
the VA at $125, 900, 100000 over the
next so years, and with a continu-
ing outlay of $4,000.000,000 a
month by the year 1000.
Mr.. Huber said he proposes tc
retain the $90-at-65 benefit. Its
total cost. however, would taper
off much sooner as older World
War I pensioners died off.
VFW Supports Huber Plan.
Mr.. Huber said he felt the "his-
torical precedent" of Congress on
pension legislation should be OBJ
served. In the past, he declared,
Congress has not pensioned vet
erans for Is years or so after the
wars in which they fought.
Although opposed by President
Truman and the House leadership,
Mr.. Rankin has called up his bill
for next Tuesday through loop
hole in House rules defining gen
eral pension bills az privileged
legislation.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Coalition Faces
ItsFirst Test on
Rent Curb Bill
Senate Leaders Seek
Passage Of Measure
By Tuesday Night
By J. A. O'Leory

Rent control will offer the first
test in the Senate next week OF
administration efforts to get
Northern and Southern Demo-
Gratis together again on substan-
tial part of President Truman's
program.
Majority Leader Lucas held out
the olive branch when he said he
does not believe the Republican,
Dixie coalition that won the rules
fight will continue throughout the
session.
Il think we will get along pretty
WE'LL" Senator Lucas went on,
adding there is no question in his
mind that the Southerners will
support many of Mr.. Trumans
recommendations.
Action Sought on Tuesday.
With rent control due to expire
March 81, the Senate will try to
pass an extension measure by
Tuesday night to leave time for
negotiation with the House. All
indications are the bill will be less
than the White House wants, but
only the final conferences between
the House and Senate will deter
mine the extent to which the pres
ent act will be modified.
The Democrats undoubtedly Will
close ranks again on vital issues
affecting foreign affairs - the
North Atlantic treaty, further Eu-
ropean aid and the Reciprocal
Trade Agreement program.
On the domestic front, how
ever, the Southerners probably
will give varying degrees OF sup
port to the Truman proposals. For
example, they are not likely to go
for the Presidents plea to scrap
the Taft Hartley labor law, or for
his plea for higher taxes.
Takes Rap at Dixiecrats.
The note of harmony sounded
by Senator Lucas here followed
dispatches from Key West, Fla.
in which the President indicated
he has not lost hope for his "fair
deal" program at this session.
In answering reporters ques-
tions, however. the President add
ed a little fuel to the recent fill
buster fire by taking the view that
his Dixiecrat opponents are not
good Democrats. This brought
some reaction from Southern
Senators today.
Senator Ellender, Democrat, OF
Louisiana, champion filibusterer
against the civil rights proposals,
told a reporter:
"If the President insists on put
ting over his civil rights program.
in the next election he will find
that instead of having South
ern States against him he's going
to have H."
Senator Ellender said that the
President is going to need South
ern support to get his other pro-
posals enacted and knows it.
Sparkman for Most of Program.
Senator Sparkman. Democrat,
of Alabama said he doesn't know
who Mr.. Truman is calling Dix
iecrat. AS far as he is concerned.
the Alabama Senator said, he will
support most of Mr.. Truman's pro-
gram mot because it is his pro-
gram but because I believe in it. I"
II happen to oppose him on his
civil rights program. but on most
of his program I will 60 along and
I think that is true of most of the
CONTINUED on Page A-3, Col. %
Evening star., 1949-03-19
by the Associated Press

Republicans said today it was
perfectly legitimate for the Re
publican National Committee to
have footed $500 bill for word
ing half of the disputed Taft
Hartley law.
Democrats said they were
amazed.
The inside story of the pay
ment was unfolded for the first
time yesterday by Gerald D. Nor
gan, Washington lawyer and the
man who got the money for help
ing to write the Hartley bill, a
House measure which became part
of the Taft-Hartley Act.
Mr.. Morgan told the story to a
House Labor Subcommittee. Un-
der Democratic bombardment, Mr.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Polish Food Chief Named

WARSAW, Poland, Mar. 10 (P.
President Boleslaw Beirut today
appointed BoleslaW Rumimski
minister for food and agricultural
industries. This is one Of six
new MINISTRIES created in q Iplit
up of the Ministry Of Industry
and Commerce.
Evening star., 1949-03-19
FOLLOWING are typical COM
mentS of statesmen on the
North Atlantic Alliance:

Foreign Secre-
tary Bevin of
Britain: N o
nation innocent
of aggressive in
tentionS n e. e d
have the slight
est fear or ap-
prehension. The
pact is in every
way consistent
with the pur-
poses and prin-
ciples of the
Charter of the
U nj t e d N a.
tons"
Evening star., 1949-03-19

Premier Paul
Henri Spaak of
Belgium: This
treaty is an i'm
portant event
in history. 1t
will make war
less possible.
He emphasized
the "a die a |
change which
the pact has
W ke d in
United States
foreign policy.
Evening star., 1949-03-19

SYDNEY, Australia, Mar. 10 (P).
American Ambassador Myron M.
Cowen, Mrs. Cowen and their
daughter, Sandra, left by plane
today for the United States. Mr..
Cowen recently was named Am
bassador to the Philippines.
Evening star., 1949-03-19

Foreign Min
lister Dirk U.
Striker of the
Ne t h e r lands:
The pact is "of
the gre a t e S t
Importance to
the world" He
declared that
the pact was a
remarkable ef-
fort on the part
of the United
States for the
preservation of
peace,
Evening star., 1949-03-19

DIR. I. Lemin, Soviet historian:
This pact means war on the
Soviet Union. Millions of
people are becoming more and
more convinced that the anti
Evening star., 1949-03-19

Kaiser Wilhelm,
M u S solini and
Hi e. r didn't
know what was
lined up against
them. I think
it's only fair to
let the aggres-
sors of the fu-
ture know in
advance" He
said that if the
treaty is not
approved in the
House of Com
mons he will
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Fire DESTROYS IS Planes

PITTSBURGH. Mar. 10 (R.-
Fifteen small planes were de-
stroyed today as a spectacular fire
swept the Miller Aviation Center
at Allegheny County Airport.
Evening star., 1949-03-19

Italy: IL no one
attacks, peace
is secure.
We must get
t o 6 e ther now
with other At
lantic Pact ma
tions) on con-
crete measures
to reinforce de-
fenSe measures
and to organize
a plan of as
sistance in case
of attack" He
stressed t h a t
the 1t a / an
Evening star., 1949-03-19

(The Many icebreaker Edisto,
from Uhich Mr.. Henry Drites,
is ENGAGED in a test of 1Ointer
operating conditions in the
Arctic.)
Evening star., 1949-03-19

that the pact
con t a in S not
only a moral
but a judicial
e n G a G e m ent
upon each sig
natory to aid
one another as
rapidly and as
effectiv e ly a S
possible in the
manner e a c n
deems best ac-
cording to j t S
m e a n S. He
$orrooI tho mort
Evening star., 1949-03-19

Foreign Minister Schuman of
France: I'VE are convinced
Evening star., 1949-03-19

government regards the treaty as
an instrument of defense. I
Evening star., 1949-03-19
Cowens Leaves Australia

(See D. C. BUDGET, Page A
Evening star., 1949-03-19

Premier Alcide de Gasperi of
Evening star., 1949-03-19

Continued on Page A-3, Co
Evening star., 1949-03-19

(See BERLIN, Page ABB
Evening star., 1949-03-19

(See ATLANTIC PACT. Pg. Az.