davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Laurel outlook., 1949-04-13
SAYS BREAD MAY HAVE.
.USHEREO CIVILIZATION

Bread, the staff of life, haG
its beginning in the misty re-
cesses of the distant past; prob
ably was a cause for mans first
hesitating steps towards civiliza-
ton, and today is one of the
worlds leading industries. Com
bined in its present commercial
production is the lore of count
less generations and the work of
modern scientists and engineers
in many fields. These state
ments, accompanied by statistics
and technical descriptions, were
made by Eugene LISA of Bill
lings, speaking Wednesday eve
ming at a meeting of the Kiwanis
club. LISA and his brother
Ulysses have been in the baking
business 25 years, Pres. j. Will
lard Baldwin of the Laurel club
said in the introduction.
Berries of a wild grass, since
cultivated, developed and now
named wheat, were probably
known to nomandic hunter man
5000 or more years B. C. I'm
doubtedly he chewed the berries,
found they would satisfy hunger,
sustain life and could be stored.
Growths of wild wheat were
probably defended with club and
stone axe.
An inevitable step forward was
when it was discovered that the
berries could be ground with
stones, moistened and dried in
the sun as edible cakes-prede-
cessors to loaves of bread that
came with the discovery that
yeast is a leavening agent. The
product was enhanced with adj
dition of other ingredients. Use
of a ferment with the crude
was the beginning of bak-
ing. Milling and baking have
since worked together to raise
their combined product to the
status of staff of life.
Thirty years ago 10 per cent
Of Americas bread was produced
by commercial bakers; today, 80
per cent. Sales per year are
1892, DOC 900; consumption, 49,
100000 loaves daily; workers,
more people than any other food
industry. The industry uses more
gasoline and tires than
any similar industry in America.
It is a constant and enormous
of many materials, includ-
ng milk, eggs and shortening.
What are its returns to the
rational welfare? the speaker
A nutritious, rich loaf
hat can be eaten with any COM
,ination of foods, he replied.
Economical also, for it has many
If the elements and combinations
needed by the body, with a cost
the consumer that has in
.reased but slightly in price.
Controlled fermentation was
allied the background essential
or modern baking of levened,
CONTINUED on Page Ten)
Laurel outlook., 1949-04-13
DINNER TO HONOR
WARB0NO SELLERS
Harris and Aids To Attend
Governors Dinner-BOnner
Issues Proclamation

B. M. Harris of Columbus
group chairman of the war fl
nance committee during the wal
bond drives from 1941 through
1915, reports that all but one or
two of the nine chairmen of the
counties in group 7 will attend
the testimonial dinner of Gov.
john w. Bonner at Helena April
10. The dinner is given by the
governor as a testimonial to the
bond statesmen through eight
drives who, through their volun-
teer committees, sold over $461
million in Montana and almost
SIT million of bonds in group 7,
comprising the nine counties
from Gallatin to Rosebud county
and south to the Wyoming line.
Those from Group 7 who have
definitely accepted the Governors
invitation include Harris, chair
man of the group, j. j. Ping of
Big Horn county, Mrs. Mabel
Cruckshank of Gallatin county,
Joe Swindlehurst of Park county,
Charles Westphal of Rosebud
county, Mike Davey of Saltwater
county, DR.. D, Claiborn of Sweet
Grass county and Oscar Gullick-
son of Yellowstone county.
Mrs. Harry Olcott of Carbon
county will be out of the state
and Ralph Sharp of Treasure
county is planning to be present
if at all possible.
Laurel outlook., 1949-04-13
COUNTY FINISHES ITS
BUFFALO LAND SALES

Yellowstone county sold 1928
acres of tax-title land Wednes-
day at the front door of the
courthouse for $32,686, an aver
age of $4.23 per acre The ap-
praised value was So. About 35
bidders were at the sale. This
virtually completed the sale of
county-owned land lying in the
Buffalo grazing district.
The next land to be offered
will be in Hoskins Basin.
Laurel outlook., 1949-04-13
GOVERNORS PROCLAMATION
FOR PATRIOTS DAY

WHEREAS April 10 has long
been celebrated in various States
of our Union as Patriots Day,
to mark the anniversary of the
Continued on Page Ten)
Evening star., 1949-04-22
2Hyers Begin
Lost 100 Hours,
Fight Fotique
a. .-...-s...A s..

YVJ1kRTCsS Ca, tpsG =: -
TTas lAs loe he4.. b. RArrs
ard psek Rs~er, s~~e'71 nssa.ssas
cyrrs KAy arv Ire hAs.eE
Fighting 60 fs,4gat ,As CO.
pslc,s r&ss~6 tA. sea- ssrG. raa q
te1ay ard eascaAse1 rlans -
sswt~a their sAgts al TIE erz t-r>..
IN order 10 ssAy a~Aks HntQ TNses-
dAy morning
rnais their seal eos haSLrs
Of IL ~ an but ia all fezss
DAYS away Tnsy esaekss Tire ca
record @! 30 hours lAss w~ek
Mr.. RAyTts An1 M RAeaei ~
re.lsvs ths monotcny 81 TIRE H-Al
eays. plan - cy 10 aAn Dsese -
AppeAF al tire Oala Cup Az Races
SUNDAY But thsy intend 80 ~-gs,t
up here rish; where they started
Ax weeks agc
Meanwhile 81 Yuma ATIs ;~e
ex combat rysts Bad HoOcho..se
IS ard Noctro~ Ioas~a:d. lessk
OF YESTERDAY IN An Atismgi -
better the Barns R4e5el Tecas3,
Greece rAyon output hli reak
OF ! $40 600 pounds fAst year.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Red Artillery Thick on Shore,
Cruiser London Officer Says

London by an LIST from the gar
rison ship Chiffon for a un-
determined number Of seriously
wounded still in the London's sick
bay.
Aboard this 2l-year-oh veteran
and oft-time flag ship Of the
British feet in the Pacific. officers
and men show stole calm despite
their ordeal.
All looked extremely tired. Tc
assist in caring for the wounded
one American medical officer and
four medical corpsmen had beer
sent aboard for the night. The
Black Swan now tied up along
side shows scars on her port side
near the waterline.
1t was believed that the Black
Swan would remain In Shangha!
for repairs and then proceed to
Hong Kong.
One Of the Black Swans oil
tanks had been pierced by shell
fire. Miraculously the vessel had
not been set af1re. The sloop suf.
fered no casualties, crewmen re.
ported. :.
Lights blazed below decks o1
both the London and Black Swar
last night. Ofdcers gathered to
celebrate their safe return
Fatigued sailors stood suarc
above. Most Of the remaining
crew fell asleep below decks.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Resurrection Service
To Be Broadcast Here

A resurrection service OF the
Greek Orthodox Church will be
broadcast from 81. Sophias Greek
Orthodox Church. Eighth and L
streets NV, over The Stars radio
station, wMAL, from midnight to-
night until l2:45 am. The Rev,
Amilianos Laloussis. pastor. viii
ofnciate.
The service is one OF the con-
eluding ceremonies in the week
long observance OF Easter by the
Greek Orthodox Church. The OBJ
servance will close Sunday.
Evagoras Constantinides. church
lecturer. will be the translator and
narrator on the broadcast.
The final service Sunday after
noon at 3 O'Clock Is known as
"Agape" or Love" At this serv-
Ice the gospel Is read in q number
Of foreign languages.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Senate Unit Gets District
S337,415 Deficiency Item

The Senate Appropriations Com
mittes today had before 1t the
request Of President Truman for
t3a7, ,I25 in supplemental esti-
mates to help run the District for
the rest Of this fiscal year. ending
June 80.
The items probably will be con-
sidered for inclusion In the Sec
ond deficiency bill. which has
passed the House and now is be-
fore the Senate Appropriations
Committee.
Among the estimates Is one for
|326, ITS for District Rent Admin
istrator Robert r. Cosswell. He
said today his ofiice has sufdcient
funds to meet the payroll next
Tuesday for the 80 employees Of his
ofIice, but the supplemental money
will be needed to help finish the
fiscal year.
Other estimates in the supple
mental requests include: $4,000
for the Health Department, $780,
500 for public welfare. $46.S00 for
the assessor. $4,000 for schools
and funds for the employees COM
lpensatio and retirement fund and
to satisfy claims against the city.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Catholic Students Urqe
End Of u. ). Race Bias
by fhs AlseSaoisd Press

MEXICO CITY. April 22.-Unit-
ed States Catholic students today
urged concrete measures to end
racial discrimination IN the United
States.
In a resolution presented to the
inter American assembly Of Pax
Romano. Catholic student organi-
zation, the United States delega-
ton said in part:
We believe that one of the first
social tasks Of United States uni
yersities Is to work. in study
courses. research. and university
extension activities. toward q COM
plete and rapid suppression Of all
discriminatory laws and practices
so that our Negro brothers can
attain full spiritual. social and
cultural participation in Ameri-
can life"
The proposal grew out OF q
Mexican resolution that univer-
sity study should cover the fam
.ly. and the problem Of Indian
and other racial minorities. in ad-
dition to labor, agriculture. edu-
cation, health and civic life.
Five delegates and is observers
form the United States delegation
to Pax Romano. Jesuit Father
Jose Antonio Sobrino OF Wash
ington il the groups adviser.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
By Jones Flood
A,seeio,sd Press FessIsn Cesrsspendsnt


ABOARD H. M. 8. LONDON AT
SHANGHAI, April 22.-Witherins
fire from Communist shore bat
teries forced this heavy British
cruiser to turn lack 10 miles short
| Of the disabled sloop Amethyst In
the Yangtze.
1T would have been suicidal. to
proceed farther" an officer as.
serted. "The Commies seemed 10
have guns every 2 or . feet along
the shore"
The London. accompanying the
sloop Black Swan, returned TO
| Shanghai from the unsuccessful
rescue mission pockmarked with
gaping shell holes. At least two
direct hits were scored on the
cruisers hull, on the starboard
side, and one on the second OF
two forward turrets. Heavy armor
on the turret prevented pene-
tration.
The tunnels were peppered with
small arms fire. Capt. P. D. GAIA
let refused to give the number or
names of casualties.
British naval authorities In
Shanghai earlier said the Lon
don had Is dead and 20
wounded aboard)
Blood plasma was rushed TO the
Evening star., 1949-04-22
British AdmiraIiyHead
Charges Red Attack on
Ships Was Deliberate
D. es A.sss2sss sssss

LONDON. April :2-BE.tAin
Frs, Lord Of the Admiralty today
denounced the Chinese Comma.
mist shel!ing o. British varships
in the YAnEtze River As an un.
provoked attack deliberately car.
ried cut for wha, purpose re havs
yet to learn"
The Admiralty chief. viseoun,
Hall. addressed IN audience si
Cardiff. wales He said Britain
has kept q naval vessel In ths
Yangtre ~ Nanking for some
time for the purpose OF gwins
some security to British people
and for the purpose Of eommuni-
cation"
viscount Hall said he had nc
information on the Smelling OF the
British ships beyond what already
has been made public.
The Conservative Evening
Standard denounced the attack
and said heavy reparations should
be demanded from the Commn-
nists. The Conservative Daily Mail
suggested British involvement In
the Chinese war might be "inevi-
able" because OF the attacks. How
ever. other newspapers did not re-
fiect excitement and the British
public seemed unworried.
Reds Not Told About Ship.
The British Foreign once
acknowledged 1t had not told the
Chinese Communists about the
trip of the British sloop Amethyst
up the Yangtze before the ship
vas fred on by shore batteries.
The Foreign Once repeated,
however. that the Communists
should have been well aware
that the British warship was on
q peaceful mission to provision
the British Embassy at Nanktng
Some diplomats suggested that
the British Admiralty and British
Foreign Secretary Bevin might
have . dificult time satisfying
their critics that they were wholly
right In having . warship proceed
between the two belligerent forces
on the eve Of the Communist often
I've. Communist firing on four
Evening star., 1949-04-22
couf.MartiaI Of Private
In Boiling Fire Scheduled

Pvt. George r. Falterman. Boil
ing Air Force Base soldier charged
with setting fire to the base chapel
February "a. is expected to be
tried before q court-martial next
week, 1t was learned today.
The 1s-year-old private. ad-
mitted to the base hospital for
mental obervation after he ad-
mitted touching OF the $4,000
fire, has been found sane. ON
cials disclosed.
Col. 9. D. Grubbs. base COM
mander. announced the day after
the blaze that Pvt. Falterman
had confessed starting 1t because
he wasn't allowed TO teach Sun
day school" The soldiers home
is In New York.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
35-Miie Wood Fence
Erected for Defense
By Shanghai Troops
~ .ss Asae<sesss Press

SHANGHAI. April - -
Garrison troops have erected
new defense-& 3s-mile
wooden fence around Shans-
hal.
The fence Is made Of poles
driven into the ground BY
hand. II Is punctuated BY
pillboxes. mostly made Of
mud.
The troops have laeored
hard IN the last three weeks
putting it UP. II has been
baek-breakins work. Al best
the fence could not hold up
Communist troops more than
q few minutes. II at all.
Evening star., 1949-04-22

s-u&As aaaps nAs COS; tAs lsr.s cs
~ B-1tsaa seArsen-
Paper Splash ssery
Lonoon newxpapsTs sylassasc
the story es the Amethyst sac tkas
other sAlps aEasn to-day. bit ;at
public appeared 80 Dc unp~s
tureed. LESS than half the n<ws~
papers commented st!to..alsy The
Manchester Guardian called !og 9
full and frank statement fcosn
the government wAen Parliament
geconvenes TUESDAY,
The Admiralty expressed ETai!-
tade that TIE American hosrssA!
ship Repose hac come up 10
Shangna, hArhc- and offered IA
cili,tes 20 care fer The wcuneec
Br!,aAh aailors-
The Air Ministry and the Rcyal
All Force both In London and
Singapore denied paelisne6 re-
ports that RAP planss In Aalaya
have been aierted for possible as<
In China
Cease Ftrs 8earhI
Diplomatic observers kAw EE.
niacanee IN the fact that Britain
chose 70 seek q cognmunis, cease
Are against the Amethyst instead
0. dispatchins q stiS diplomatic
protest which she could have done
without implying any recognition
OF the Communist regime in
North China
Asked Il Britain would request
the Chinese Nationalist scyern-
nent also for = eease nre. the
Foreign once Spokesman sAid he
vas certain 4. those reports are
borne out. . similar request will Be
made 70 the kuomintans govern
ment."
The spokesman said there are
no plans st present for eyaeaAtinS
the British embassy star from
Marking. He said British civilians
must decide for themselves
whether they want 10 leave Nan
king. British civilians and con-
sulates have remained in . num-
Der OF cities captured by the Com
munists
The cabinet expects to have q
full report OF the Ysnktxe incident
for study at It's meeting Monday
and q statement either by Mr.
Beyin or by Prime Minister Attlee
is expected later In the House OF
Commons.
Evening star., 1949-04-22

Long ago they were advised to get
out, and many Of the passengers
clamboring aboard ships today
were those who chose to stay to
the last minute.
The Whangpoo Rivers famed
battleship row contained only two
ships tonight-American Vice
Admiral Oscar G. Badgers nag
ship, the command ship Eldorado.
tied UP at No. / buoy. and . Brit
ish sloop. Across the river on the
Pootung side was . small French
destroyer.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
MusieuI Announced

A musical entitled "LAughingly
Yours" will be presented at 0 pm.
tomorrow and again at $50 pm.
Sunday In the Jewish Community
Center. Sixteenth and @ streets
NV. The three-hour production
is being presented by the Council
Of the United Jewish Youth.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Schooner
Continued From First Pase.)

storm heightened In fury. the four
women aboard were ordered below
deck for safety. But Mr.. Pit
cairns wife, Virginia. refused and
remained topside to help sail the
storm battered craft.
The waves grew higher. nearly
eapsizins the vessel. Then Q
boom. swinging in the gale. struck
Mrs. Pitcairn, knocking her down.
Before Mr.. Pitcairn and his COM
panions could reach her. q 40-foot
wave foaned over the schooner
and carried Mrs. Pitcairn over
board.
Miss Hanna told then how the
storm continued for i've days and
nights until April 10 and how Mr..
Pitcairn. despite his grief. used
his seamanship to save the lives OF
his companions. She said that d
1t hadn't been for the "heroisn1
and efforts of Pitcairn" all sur
vivors Of the Inflated cruise
think they would have per-
iShed."
Distress signals Of the schooner
finally were picked UP on April 10.
Its position was ~ miles south
west Of Montauk Point on the tip
of Long Island. The vessel had
been blown back by strong winds
to this point from . position 200
miles TO the south.
It was towed into Greenport,
N. r. BY . Coast Guard cutter
which arrived at the Seaflower's 8
side Wednesday morning.
Survivors of the storm. besides
Mr.. Pitcairn and Miss Hanna,
were Helen Petera Of Schenectady,
N. Y; Don Knipper Of Brooklyn,
Ed Verbell of New York. Maybelle
Bensen Of Caldwell, N. j., and the
vessels two regular crew mem
bers, Howard eagle and Bror
Stolpe. both Of New York.
The Pitcairns were married
three years ago and made their
home in Boston. The couple met
while they were students at the
University Of Arizona.
Mrs. Pitcairn was the former
Virginia Jaeschki Of Flossmoor.
N, . Chicago suburb.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
| Cruiser Captain Hit
In Seat Of Pants by
| Communist SheIiinq
By the Assesictsd Press

~ ms hasostofeo Fssss
SHANGHAI, April 22.-Capt.
Peter Cazalet Of the cruiser
London will probably take his
meals standing up for the
next few days. .ssss q 80 80 I
The skipper said today. VI
got hit in the seat Of the
pants" when Communist shells
and fragments tore ~ holes
in the British ships hull yes
terday "a the bsttls Of the
Yangtse. His wounds, he said.
were painful but not serious.
A Chinese river pilot stand.
ing on the bridge within q few
feet Of the captain was killed.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Anti-Crime Group to Meet

James v. Bennett, director Of
the Bureau of Prisons, and DON
aid Clemmer. director Of the Dis
tTict Department Of Corrections.
VIII address the Anti Crime Com
mittee ut 5 pm Sunday at the
Twelfth Street YMCA, ISIS
Twelfth street NV.
Evening star., 1949-04-22
n you CAN'T
GAIN WEIGHT

II you are skinny. thin. sndsrweiSht.
due to no organic cause, read these fectk
To help yeu gain weight natars
usually requires two things. one-a eool
hearty appetite. Sscond-better otgeosic1
reco1niSs these medieai facts have tfted Q
arocE medicine -dsvslopeA ~ . doseor-
Sftsn With amazing rsgulte
It's pr. Rie.cs'. oeld1 1eessA -
SUssgy. Instantly. 8 eArse - voneeS
t6aAe actaoa- ylref 1a1ae ~ @
- srsk 20 GlEz
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Chino
Continued From First Pase.)

mately 200 Americans were at.
tached to the Embassy. Eighty
seven more American citizens
still were in the capital) :
Foreign military quarters said
! the Communists captured the gov
lernmsnt's naval base of Kiansyin
in q surprise river crossing. The
base is about midway between
Marking and Shanghai.
From Kiangyin 1t Is easy to cut
the roads to Shanghai. but an
even greater threat was boiling up
about 80 miles to the southwest.
There the Communists had
showed at least $4,000 veteran
troops across TO the south bank
under heavy ARTILLERY IRE.
Bridgehead Expanded.
Latest reports from Defense
Minister sources said the bridge
head was being expanded. Gov
ernment troops were unable to
counterattack because Of artillery
fire.
These sources said. however,
that government troops had
started q counterattack against
another bridgehead planted by
5000 Reds on the south bank 90
miles east Of Nanking. In this
area Red troops were 20 close 70
the highway and railway that
travel between Nanking and
Shanghai already was unsafe.
Both routes may bs cut at any
time.
Another new crossing was made
near Anking by 5000 Communists.
the ministry source said.
Government ofiices all over Nam
king were leaving. mostly for
Canton in South China. Trans
port planes shuttled from Nankins
to both Shanghai and Canton
carrying out officials.
(The Hong Kong newspaper
Sing Tao Jih Po said in q dis
patch from Canton that q state
Of emergency had been de-
elared there)
River Blockade Noted.
The United States Embassy took
note indirectly Of the peril on the
Yanstze. where Communists artl-
lerymen fred on four British war
ships. damaging al four and KILL
ing a or more crewmen.
In its warning to Americans 1t
noted that the river now was
bIockaded and that an American
naval vessel recently anchored
here had moved down to shans-
hal. In view Of the blockade. q
statement said. the return OF q
naval vessel to help bring out
Americans is unlikely.
The Embassy also noted that
the Marine guard here had been
reduced to q handful on protec-
tive duty in the Embassy. They
win not be available to help IN
the removal Of American ma
ttouals.
There is no assurance" the
Embassy said, that Nanking VIII
be spared either civil disturbance
or military assault and the En-
bassy is compelled to warn every
one that those remaining must
be prepared to stay through any
emergency.
Ships Leaving Shanghai
Are Filled With Refugees
SHANGHAI. April ~ (R.-
Passenger ships leaving Shanghai
today were booked 70 the limit as
Communists troops crossed the
Yangtse River less than 100 miles
from Shanghai.
The American and British con-
sulates. however. have not sent
any further notice TO their
nationals 10 svacuats ths saty.
Evening star., 1949-04-22

The frst modern geography
book. in. English and written for
schools. appeared In l7$s It's
author was the British kings
Evening star., 1949-04-22
Ships Leaving Shanghai
Are Filled With Refugees

SHANGHAI. April ~ R.-
Passenger ships leaving Shanghai
today were booked TO the limit as
Communists troops crossed the
Yangtse River less than 100 miles
from Shanghai.
The American and British con-
sulates. however. have not ssnt
any further notice TO their
nationals 10 svacuats the eity.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-09-29
The Stork Arrives

The stOrk announces the following
arrivals at the Washington County
Hospital:
Mr.. and Mrs. Stephen Paul Ser
titta, Route l, Hagerstown-a son on
September %.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Kipe, Route l,
Boonsboro-a daughter on Septem-
Der %.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles McAllister,
494 Mitchell Ave.-a daughter on
September Il.
Mr.. and Mrs Glenn Stouffer Oaks,
1040 Pennsylvania Ave.-a son on
September 20.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold E. Clever, 312
S. Locust Sta daughter on Sep
TENDER 20.
Mr. and Mrs. Clarence McKelvey,
$40 Corbett Sta daughter on Sep
TENDER 10.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1949-09-29

Although we have had autumn
weather almost all of September, it
is now official by your calendar OF
Gruber almanac. So it's time for a
change in our menus, for the new
Fall outfit, and for house cleaning
In last weeks column | told you
that l hoped to have some of Mrs.
Warren Shirey's cookie recipes for
Christmas and | was more than
happy to find them in yesterday
mail. These l will publish later, but
there was a recipe in the lot for
coffee cake, which Mrs. Shirley had
told me about before, and which
am going to pass right along to you.
The Shirey's are very fond of this
coffee cake, as well as their friends
who have chance at it, and Mrs.
Shirley tells me she makes it win
ter and summer, and like myself
am sure that you will want to try
it real soon.
Coffee Cake
: pound raisins
Z pound brown sugar
V cup butter
2 teaspoons cinnamon
teaspoon cloves
teaspoon ginger
Z teaspoon soda
cup (warm coffee) poured over
raisins
"a to V cup chopped nuts
ga to BY cups sifted flour
Cream butter and sugar together.
Add all other ingredients. The
amount of flour depends on the
amount of nuts you use. Bake in
a loaf pan with a stem, at 375 de-
grees for / hour. Mrs. Shirley says
the cake grows better with age. Try
this and let us know how you like