davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20
Hiss Denies Being Red
Or Ever Having Had
Communistic Ideas
Perjury Defendant Tells
How Chambers Introduced
Himself as 'CrosIey'
By NewboId Moves, Jr.
By NewboId Moves, Jr
Stor Sto4 Correspondent

NEW YORK. Dec. 20. - Algel
Hiss. testifying today in his oWr
defense against perjury charges
denied he had ever had anything
to do with the Communist Party
or with communistic ideas.
The 45-year-old former State
Department official went ever
further than he did at his first
trial in denying leftist association
Yesterday Mr.. Hiss had denied
giving secret State Department
documents to Whitaker Chambers
| the admitted ex-communist agent
who accuses him of having beer
part Of the prewar Communist
underground in Washington. To-
day his attorney, Claude B. Cross
moved into a broader field Of ques-
tioning. ...
@. Are you a Communist, Mr.
Hiss?
A. No.
@. Have you ever been q Com
munist?
A. No, sir.
Q. Have you ever been a fellow
traveller?
|. A. No, sir.
Holds to Negative.
Mr.. Hiss gave the same answer
when asked: Have you ever been
in sympathy with Communist
ideas?" He shook his head silent
ly when asked if he had lever
belonged to any organization that
was a front for the Communist
Party"
In entering his denials, Mr.
Hiss avoided the emphatic. self.
conscious tone he employed or
such occasions in his first trial
which ended with a hung jury
last July 8.
His manner today was calmly
casual, almost offhand. He spoke
so quietly that spectators had 6
hard time catching his words.
With almost weary precision, HI
retold for the jury of eight womer
and four men, his version of {
long-ago association with a mar
named George Crosby"
introduced Himself.
"Mr. Crosley came into my Of
fice," Mr.. Hiss testified. He in
troduced himself by name. HI
stated he was a free-lance writer
He said he wished to tall
to me about our aircraft investi
CATION and Dupont hearings"
The defendant dropped his voic'
to near singsong as he ran owe
the now-familiar ground.
He told of subsequent meeting
with CROSBY" at which he sup
piled the man with public in
formation on the work of the Ny
committee.
Mr.. Chambers has said it wa
in this period that Mr.. Hiss frs
began procuring secret document
for him. This, Mr.. Hiss fatty de-
MES.
AS the association progressed
Mr.. Hiss said, the two began hav'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20
From Friends to Enemies
II. S. Gave Russia Wartime Aid
Till 1t Hurt Arnold Asserts
Soviet Asked for the Moon ond Expected It,,
He Says, Supporting About Supply Program
(SeUe1th Of a Series.J
By H. n. Arnold

Fonec CONNER Genera U.
The United States have ulra-short memories
They remember the good bad Our
friends today enemies tomorrow Yesterday Russia
was one of our important prospective
enemy Yesterday until hurt today question
the proprety of those gifts
that the entire technique OF sales OF
military equipment nations buoned Then came
the deuge.
release policy for aircraft mate
had approved all along the line and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20
Matthews Says Navy
Has No Further Plans
For Admiral DenfeId
Secretary Won't Reply
TO Letter Rejecting Offer
Of Post in London
By John A. Giles

Navy Secretary Matthews said
today that he has no further
plans for Admiral Louis E. Den
field, who yesterday rejected the
Secretary's offer of a new post in
London.
Secretary Matthews had offered
to name Admiral Denfeld as COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20
Hoxho Back in Tirunu

BELGRADE, Dec. 20 GA
spokesman of the Albanian Lega-
ton here said today that Alba
MAN Premier Enver Hoxha had re-
turned to Tirana from a visit to
| Moscow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

plants. We were also convinced
that the democratic nations, like
France and England, should be
helped whenever and however we
could WITH cur production to in
tcrease their strength to meet Hit
lers force, then overrunning Eu-
rope.
All through our careers in the
Air Force we had been led to be-
CONTINUED on Page AT, Col. 81
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

(See MARAGON, Page A-5O
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

(See STAIN, Page A-3)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

Continued on Page AT, Col. o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

(See BURGMAN, Page AID
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

Former Commencing cenerol, U. S. Amy Ar Forces
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20
Guide for Readers

An Associated Press Newspaper
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

CONTINUED ON Page AT, Col.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-12-20

Continued on Page "A, Col.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
u. S. Aid To Housing
With Bias Pacts
To Be Halted

HIN GTON (LPA) -
Housing placed under racial or
religious restrictions un d r
covenants filed after Feb. Is,
1850, will not get federal aid,
two agencies have announced.
They are the Federal Housing
Administration and the Veter-
ans Administration. The regu-
lations carry out the anti-dis-
elimination policies recently an
nounced by the Truman Admin
iStration. The ban will apply
only to covenants filed with
courts, and not to agreements
not so filed.
Meanwhile Rep. O'Hara Cd.
Ill) a member of the House
Banking Committee, predicted
rent controls would be extended
beyond June 80, 1850, when the
present law expires. In New
York, however, the Federal
landlords Committee was warn
ed by its president that federal
rent controls would end June
30, and the group began work
ing for a state law that would
provide for residential control
by the state, and guarantee the
landlords a fair return on their
investment.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
COP Strategy
For 1850 To Be
Sharp Turn To Right

CHICAGO LPA) - Having
lost five presidential elections
in a row, the Republicans seem
to have decided on sharp turn
to the right as their 1850 STRAIT
egy. Arthur E. Summerfield,
chairman of the COP strategy
committee, recommended an
end of the ''me too attitude,
and a program that will give
the voters "a clear choice" ="
Summerfield wants the COP to
"go to the people with a pro-
gram clearly and Enthusiastically
in opposition to that now offer
ed by our opponents" The Re
publicans tried that in the Leh-
man-Dulles senatorial contest in
New York in November. They
lost.
Guy Gabrielson, national COP
chairman, said, eve are going
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Airuay
Airiings
BY ZIG LAPINSKI

THE COMMIT E E AND
stewards wish every one very
merry xmas and happy New
Year. BY the time you read this
the small Xmas parties will be
over in the plant, as usual /
think everyone had a good time,
and most of us looked forward
to such little gatherings, it seems
to bring us much closer together
as fellow workers.
OUR ELECTION OF DELE
gates was handled in good order
by the volunteer election COM
mittee, they deserve a hearty
thanks, also the delegates wish
to thank everyone for the fine
support you folks gave them.
NEXT WEEK WILL BE IN
ventory time at the plant, a
time which most of the people
would like to have over with in
hurry. 1t is a monotonouS job
and this year with only a few
working it will be doubly so.
l STILL GET WORD OF
ugly rumors circulated by few.
The best way to stop some of
them is to make the person
prove them or show the facts
behind them.
BY THE WAY, AT OUR
next meeting we not only NOM
mate officers for our unit, we
also nominate an election COM
mittee.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

medical care as a soldier, and
his military aide, a major. The
general also gets tycoon's pay
plus a luxurious home from Co
lumbia University. Crowley con-
trasted Ike's security with that
of the one fourth of American
families who have to get by on
less than $4,000 a year.
Naturally Crowley got some
mail from listeners. The letter
that tickled him most came from
a businessman In Hyattsville,
Md. Here's what the man said:
"Just a line to let you know
that your talk concerning Gen
eral Eisenhower's recent utter
ances was particularly effective,
and l thoroughly agree with
your arguments"
The letter was signed:
Henry D. Spaldng
Founder and National Chair
man, Draft Eisenhower for
President League Last Presi-
Dental Campaign)."
In recent speeches, EiSen-
hover has sounded lie a Repub-
lican candidate for the presi-
dency in 1852. In Galveston
Tex, he told luncheon group
that if people wanted security
they could find it in prison.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
5000 Kids
At Local IL
AnnuaI Porfy
Continued from Page One

Continued from Page One
lines moving as fast as possible
to cut down waiting time in lines.
The party began at l pm.
with entertainment. The COM
mittee also thanks the enter
tainers, Arnold Shenofsky for
his fine exhibition in wrestling
with a stuffed dummy and the
fine job Joe Lohman, of Spicer,
performed as referee making
the bout look realistic. 1t was
quite sometime before tbe
youngsters discovered Sher
sky was wrestling with stuffed
dummy. The children were also
treated to fine show through
the cooperation of Charles
Heebsch, of WHY'S Overland
Unit. The exhibition was per-
formed by horses and displayed
fine training, with trick acts.
Other acts were clowns, circus
type police and circus type
buns. All in all it was an en-
joyable day for the youngsters.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Union Member 81 Years

MIN N E A POLLS (LPA) -
Nels AnderS, who will be 85
Jan. 1, is still a union member
in good standing after 81
years. Anderson, who joined
the Knights of Columbus in
1888, is a member of the AFL
City and County Employees un-
ion and sits on the Central
Labor Union executive board
here.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23
Ke;s Old Backers
Beginning To Wonder

WASHINGTON (LPA) General Dwight Eisenhower, that
Did nonpoltca may losing of his renowned ability
to win friends and influence people.
James c. Crowley who does weekly for the AL
over the American Broadcastng System poked little fun at
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

Membership the Junior Band sponsored by Local H.
UAWCIO being stepped with many youngsters enrolling
last Saturday Membership to all boys and
older regardless whether parents
Broderick director and instructor
showing David HOewinski the technique
holding instrument while Ralph Duszynski Jr is looking
youngsters members of the band Interviews for
prospective being held Saturday from
A. NJ M. at Local IL in ParOr H. AIS Winthrop ST.
Membership with instructions free to youngsters
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1949-12-23

General Ike" the night OF Dec.
Dec. 6. Crowley observed, as
others have, that the generals
distaste for security was hardly
in line with his apparent enjoy
ment of the military form of
welfarism throughout his adult
life.
Crowley pointed to likes $3.50
salary which he still draws as a
five-star brass hat, his $4,000 a
year special allowance, his free
to have an affirmative program.
We may turn out to be failure,
but we are going to make hell
of a lot of noise doing il"
Evening star., 1949-01-02

1000, 1000 in CT Bill of Rights benefits
Unemployment insurance to ap-
proximately $4,000 veterans has al
ready reached $40 100000. Some So
900 veterans have received medical
advice or services, and more than
10000 have received treatment. in
Government hospitals.
Asks One Other Concession
Cali this" says Marin, you have
done here in Puerto Rico at time
when you were being called polit-
ical and economic imperialists in
nearly every part of the world" He
went on to suggest that the story
of Puerto Rico's political progress
and economic benefits under United
States sovereignty should be told
to all the world. Here" he said
lis an opportunity for the press in
the United States, and for the
radio, and above all for the Voice
of America, to report on democ-
racy in action. 1t can be your ex-
hibit A in the treatment of your
neighbors. Telling this story would
not be propaganda, but straight
news reporting
In keeping with his policy o1
step-by step self-government Marir
asks only one further political con.
cession from the United States al
this time: The right of the people
of the island to write their owl
constitution, just as any State ol
the Union has the right to do. He
hastens to add that there Is nc
Evening star., 1949-01-02
Continued From Page C-1.

pie have had their own bicamera
Legislature, a Senate as we'll as g
House of Representatives. Mean
while, they were granted the full
rights of United States citizenship
In November, 1948, they elected
their own Governor. The demo-
cratic processes have been put into
practice gradually, until today the
only island officials who are ap-
pointed by the President of the
United States are members of the
Puerto Rican Supreme Court and
the auditor of Puerto Rico.
u. S. Support Generous
Besides granting the Puerto
Ricans increased freedom and the
right to run their own affairs, the
taxpayers of the United States have
supported the island generously
Direct Federal aid extended to the
island between 1898 and 1s4s
amounted to $3.50, 100000. Military
expenditures in Puerto Rico, fol
the first two years of World Wal
II, were $167,OOO,OOO. Puerto Rican
veterans have enjoyed all the bene.
fits and opportunities accorded
those on the mainland. The Vet
erans' Administration has paid out
$100, 100000 to more than 10000
Puerto Rican ex-servicemen. Thirty
thousand Puerto Rican student vet
erans have received more than $50,-
Evening star., 1949-01-02
Puerto Rico 0Ans1Uert0 4 merica s Critics

.catch behind this proposal, nor
could there be. because such a con-
stitution would require ratification
by the Congress of the United
States.
He believes that this move would
spike the guns of extremists and
trouble makers who argue that, al
though Puerto Ricans now may
elect their own Governor and legis-
lators, they still must submit to a
constitution written and imposed
on them by Yankees of the main
land. Marin feels that a consti-
tuition drafted by responsible Puerto
Ricans would differ very little from,
the present one. But" he believes
"it would at least be the peoples
own constitution. It would be an
other demonstration of self-govern-
ment in a community of United
States citizens"
| Marin does not tell the Puerto
Rican people that there is all easy
or royal road of escape from theil
grievous economic difficulties, from
overpopulation and urderproduc-
ton. He merely promises, that he
and his party will do their best, thai
they will keep on trying. "Jalda ar
riba" was the Puerto Rican battle
cry of Marin's party. Roughly
translated, it means Climb up.
ward" he told me. "Jalda arriba'
was blazoned on banners; it becam,
the title of the party's campaign
song.
And We are making progress,
Evening star., 1949-01-02

sof choices between white imperial
ism and a brown Marxist dictator
ship.
This third force" this multi
tude of non-Communist choices.
breaks up the Communist aim of
monopolizing the resistance.
The Dutch, apparently, are con-
fdent they can wipe out any Com
munist uprising with the same sue
cess the present operation against
the n-Communist Republicans
has won. The wearisome stringine
out of the negotiations with the
republic undoubtedly sped the Dutch
fist to it's mark.
The republic, representing some
IS 100000 Javanese at the core OF
70, 900 900 in the Indies, was far from
a perfect democracy. Jogjakarta' s
Parliament included rightist fanatics
and assassins and some japanese
puppets as well as d majority o1
liberal patriots.
Evening star., 1949-01-02

> But in wiping out the republic
the Dutch destroyed the middle
ground on which Britain, beset by
Communist difficulties in Malaga,
had hoped to stand. The creation
of a pan-Asiatic native front against
communism, ardently desired by
the United states, Britain, Australia
and India. is brutally sabotaged, if
not rendered impossible.
For the Americans there is an
especial irony in the fact that $685.
100000 of Marshall Plan funds have
already heen used to help Holland
fight communism" in Europe. The
same dollars, politically unattached
by the easy-going Americans, enable
Holland to wipe out the enemies o1
communism in the Far East.
The United States pays double fol
opposing policies.
(Copyrisht. 1a4a, Chicago Daily New!
Foreign Syndicate.)
Evening star., 1949-01-02
Holland Blous Up Dixie Against Communism

sthe Communists, and driving it un-
derground.
/ December-Tempt the Dutch into
wiping out the parliamentary struc-
ture of the republic and imprison-
ing its leaders.
In the ensuing chaos the Com
munists hope at the least to recover
their lest revolutionary program
and at the most to gain control OF
the guerrilla forces by the same
means used by Tito in Yugoslavia
and the Sternists in Palestine.
u. S. Pays Double
AS long as the struggle for Asia
can be kept on the low level of
brown skin against white, the Com
munists are confident of the result
of millions against hundreds. What
throws them off is the existence of
an anti Communist, brown-skinned
republican spectrum of parties, Of
fering the natives a whole variety
Evening star., 1949-01-02
Berlin Now haven for RefuQees
Thousands Endure Blockade Hordships To
Escape Political and Religious Prejudice
By Richard Kosischke

BERLIN-This capital regime persecution
thousands political religious
prejudice.
Also remaining Berlnbu voluntarily despite the hard
blockadare foreign
could homeands offering better
ditons
American Noel of sone
ham, headlines his American ci
zenshp to live the Germans Kassel
the foreign nationals voluntarily submerged them
the of Berlin They prefer to live
this bockaded reasonslove
education schools of the Berlin that
the cold
No accurately foreign nationals living
million.
living underground registered with false
would be discovered Some do
ration survive of the black market the
rations of with whom they found haven.
DAILY
pictures of typical exles living the
Berlin They ranged from Poles to Turks and
Chinese.
permitted photographed the back
o homelands don't want seat least not now
Poland they
blockade
displaced have flown out of Berlin Western
Nfoct Oft tbopo oipcd
Evening star., 1949-01-02

Walt.and-See fOllcy
Under the circumstances, miners
in California, Oregon, Texas, Arkan.
sas and other trans-Mississippi
States are likely to watch closely
wait and see. THE cartel put the
price up overnight and they can
put it down." said c. N. Schuette,
once of the Bureau of Mines, now
general manager of CALIFORNIA; his
toric New Almaden mine, fourth
most productive in the world.
Agreeing with him is Gordon
Gould Of New 1dria, Calf. But, he
said. "the increase is interesting. F."
It well may be to Mr.. Gould. Like
Mr.. Schuette, he is sitting on a
mine, first developed in the 1849
gold rush, which has one of the
eountry's major mercury ore re-
serveA
Evening star., 1949-01-02
Italian Fleet
Saves on Shells
Lack of Funds Forces
Navy to Curtail
Maneuvers
By Fronk OBrien

ROME. Italian Navy has
carried out what may have been
the quietest maneuvers in modern
naval history.
That was because Italy's postwar
navy is so low in funds it cannot
afford to fire its guns. In is days of
maneuvers in the Adriatic and
Ionian Seas. hardly shot was fired
except for the benefit of Associated
Press Photographer Reno Nassi
For him, 10 shells were fired from
the cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi's g.
inch rifles.
| The maneuvers were carried out
at medium speed, also in the interest
of economy.
Two Divisions Involved
The navy's first postwar winter
exercises involved two of Italy's
three naval divisions. One division
was heavy and the other light.
The Adriatic division consisted of
10 corVettes-speedy little subchasers
and patrol boats.
The other, under command of
Admiral Bruto Brivonesi, had Italy's
oldest battleship, the Duilo, and two
younger but outdated cruisers. the
Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Duca
Degli Abruzzi, plus six elderly de-
StroyerS.
Morale was about the best thing
in the fleet, Mr.. Nassi reported,
although among enlisted men, per-
haps because of wartime contact
with United States sailors, there
has crept a feeling they are under
paid. An Italian sailors pay en-
velope contains the equivalent of
81 a month.
However. the maneuVers showed
that the navy, despite all difficult
ties, is still the pride of Italian
arms.
Under the terms of the peace
treaty the navy was reduced to its
Oldest and sloWest ships, with the
rest divided among the victors The
United States and Britain have re-
nounced their shares, but with the
stipulation these ships must be
scrapped.
Used Radar for First Time
The war-battered fleet is trying
to keep up its standards. For the
first time it used radar in maneu-
vers. 1t was not dar-equipped be-
fore defeat.
Also for the first time Italian
ships tried refueling at sea in mo-
ton. Copying techniques worked
out by the United States Navy to
keep it operative over the vast
stretches of Pacific water it roams,
destroyers hove to alongside cruisers
and took on fuel.
The maHeuvers were designed
mainly to teach officers and men
navigation and defense from air
attack.
Simulated air attacks were car
ried out by Air Force P-38 fighters
acquired from the United States.
The Navy's guns pointed. and
traced the fighters flight across the
skies, but wasted no ammunition.
Distributed by the Associated Press)
Marin insists. eve are building
more schools, gradually extending
rural electrification and irrigation
We are bringing about healthier
conditions among the people Vigi-
lance in sanitation is becoming a
popular habit. In 1910, 113 babies
under a year died, out of every
thousand. In 1947, only 70 out o1
each thousand died. Between 194(
and 1947 our population increased
IA per cent, but our total produc-
ton rose 30 per cent in the same
period. That Is . substantial gair
| anywhere"
Evening star., 1949-01-02

sIeTma1ly. MOSU OF IIleLl Wdl1lIdIleu
they had fed persecution.
Also among the refugees are anti
Communists from Hungary, Czecho-
Slovakia, YugoSlavia and other
Soviet satellite nations.
Not photographed, but known to
exist here in substantial numbers
are Red Army deserters, gone un-
derground. Some Allied deserters
have done the same.
Then there are women from the
former occupied countries who fell
in love with German soldiers.
distributed by the Associated Press)
Milford chronicle., 1949-04-22

visited her parents, Mr. and Mrs.
j. w. Stott on Sunday.
Mrs. Vera Belts and daughter
Jeanette visited Mr.. and Mrs. John
R. Briggs at Georgetown.
Mr. and Mrs. Hayward Hudson
and family of Philadelphia spent
the weekend with their mother,
Mrs. Ollie Richards.
Mrs. Elsie Evans is sick with the
grippe, but we hope for a speedy
recovery.
Mrs. Ebe Davidson is recovering
from an illness last week.
Mrs. Norman Calhoun and grand
son Billy Bant are home GONZALES
cling from an illness, after being in
/ the hospital