davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1949-10-21
The United Nations Al Work

bV AhA~ N~ahhOAA EI uNVHN
THIS YEAR the United Nations will be four years old. 1t
was born into a world torn by a disastrous global war, split
by differences of opinion, bubbIing with the ideas and ambi-
tons of newly awakened peoples, and staggering under the
knowledge that today there are weapons which can destroy
whoe cities in a single moment of disaster.
The United Nations officially came into existence on Oct
ober "a, 1915, with the depositing at the Department of State
on that day Of a sufficient number Of notifications to bring
its Charter into effect. Since 1947, by a resolution adopted
by the General Assembly of the United Nations, the birthday
of this international organization is observed each year on
United Nations Day, October "a. This day, according to the
resolution, shall be devoted to making known to the peoples
of the world the aims and achievements of the United Nations
and to gaining their support for the work of the United Ma
lions" The President of the United States has, by procama-
ton, called upon the citizens of this country to observe Uni
ted Nations Day for just these purposes.
What is the United Nations? Obviously, it is not a super
government with the power, on all occasions, to enforce
peace and agreement among the nations of the world.
Basically the United Nations is a piece of machinery. It is
like an electric power plant standing IN a community that
needs electric power. Disagreement and misnanagement can
render the plant idle and useless. It's operation can be danger
Gus to everyone if a clear standard of safety precautions is
not observed. Or it can be made to function so as to spread its
light throughout the whole community.
AS a piece of machinery, the United Nations has provided
the means whereby conflicts between any of its SO member
nations can be settled peacefully, whereby tensions can be
eased and outright clashes localized to avoid the spread OF
war and bloodshed. In two years United Nations mediation
and Cancellation succeeded in stopping the fighting in the Mid
die East and opened the way for a final settlement between
the new state of Israel and the Arab states surrounding it. ST.
milarly, the United Nations ended the fighting in Kashmir
and worked out. with India and Pakstan a method for final
settlement of their differences through a free, impartial pleb-
iscite under United Nations supervision In Indonesia, the
Balkans, Iran, Korea, and elsewhere, the machinery of the
UN has either put an end to bloodshed or narrowed the area
has flowed.
AS a piece of machinery, the UN has provided the nations
Of the world with a meeting place where they can present
ideas, opinions, and arguments. Out of such machinery, dur
ing the past year, arose the occasion whereby American and
Soviet representatives were able to meet Informally and SET
the stage for the Council of Foreign Ministers session in Paris
easing the Berlin tension at least to the extent of reducing the
Evening star., 1949-05-23

An automobile pool TO take
members of Congress on business
visits to Federal buildings In
Washington and to the Pentason
was urged today at Senate COM
mittee hearing on proposed in
creases In travel expense allow
ances for Government employees
Senator Pepper. Democrat. OF
Florida, offered the suggestion to
the Senate Expenditures Commit
tee. He appeared as witness in
favor of a House-approved meas
ure to raise the travel allowance
maximum from Sc to $40 a day
and mileage from 5 to 7 cents for
employees using their own vehicles
on Government business.
The need for the automobile
pool. Senator Pepper declared. Il
based on q matter OF congress
sional efficiency rather than NON
ey. He cited numerous inst hcea
Evening star., 1949-05-23
District Wins Its First Tax Case
Aqoinst State DomiciIe Claim
Court Rules u S. Worker FoiIed to Show
Definite Intent to Return to lndiono

Court of Appeals from the District
Board OF Tax Appeals which held
her liable for the tax.
Miss Arbaufh came TO the Dis
trict in 1885 from Indiana to
take a Government position and
has held several
The Court OF Appeals opinion.
written by Judge f. Barrett
Prettyman. quoted the Board OF
Tax Appeals as finding that Miss
Arbaugh has not at all times
since coming TO the District of
Columbia in 1885 intended to
return to Indiana and resume her
former home there . 80
The Court OF Appeals found
that according to the Tax Appeal
Board at the time she came to
Washington Miss Arbaugh did not
intend to abandon her domicile
or legal residence in Indiana nor
did she have the intention of ac-
quiring a legal residence here.
However. the appellate decision
cited Miss Arbaughs testimony
(See INCOME TAX, Page A-6.D
Evening star., 1949-05-23
| New Constitution
For West Germany
Is Formally Signed
BY the Associoied Press

BONN, Germany. May %
The West German constitu-
ton was proclaimed the basic
law for 45,O00,00O Germans
today.
The formal signing by II
states was completed just as
the four-power Council of
Foreign Ministers was conven-
ing in Paris in an attempt
to work out a German settle
ment. The constitution is ex-
pected to strengthen the hand
of the West in the Paris talks.
The signing sets the stage
for establishment of a West
German government by mid
July.
Evening star., 1949-05-23

The District today won its first
case involving the liability OF a
Federal employe to pay the Dis
trict income tax. although claim
ing domicile in one OF the States
The Court of Appeals held that
Miss Dorothy Arbaugh. an en-
ploye of the Library OF Congress,
had failed to show definite intent
of returning to her former home
in Indiana.
Assistant Corporation Counsel
George c. Updegreff. who pointed
out it was the first such case won
by the District, said that If the
ruling stands it may bring in more
tax revenue. ....
Miss Arbaugh, who lives at 1908
Biltmore street NV. had paid
under protest the District income
taxes of slightly more than $75 for
the tax years 1945 and 1916. it was
explained by her attorney. Arthur
J. Hilland. She appealed to the
Evening star., 1949-05-23
forrestaI Rites
Set as Inquiry
In Death Begins
Body OF e. Secretory
Killed IN Plunge to
Rest OF Arlington

r'he bosy a! James Fsufr.tAl.
Killed n gsanEt fEugn LIE lesn
ctsag 81 Rellse ssza Naaa4 ha.sqGg.Al.
A. lar h<saae lAr aAr hrsr~a -
As.4Egton Crusctrgv AtGsr srfs 4ess
a. ~ e III NeSsres<1ay
IRIS "a az sfec .,srs to-day 49,
naNai .usrst4Ea(t@n sas sEprrsst1
INTO tDr trAF}t death ~ tsc So
>ras old toImeE >ayy aUa Isetcnse
Sec rftaI> cr~ gttcyi es P1e.sscnt
Truman As sa: caSuaiIN
A. asss res at hall stAg ever
tie Capital hr @fNc>i dc, otet.y
for nine wears aaEeuents fer
NJ Fu'ffstal srEN ices acre twAFs
completed hy the family and l'n-
drgset grtAyN q! Defense Stephen
EArly MIS- FogFestAl Who pe-
TUNED from France ny plane thls
morn!ns aSked that THE 3T, .ces
be simpler than ths customary
military funeral
inquiry BoaFd Named
The Navy invests sat4oF into
The death leap vas brgun this
morning by = board Of inquiry
composed of CaptA A A Matstel-
lef Vincent HernandeR and harold
]. Cokefy. CumdI William W,
Ayres and 1t ComdT James y.
Wharton. With Ii llo0eyt Y
Hooper as reporter,
Mi FoTreatAls body VAS found
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Appeal to Seize
Rail Stations in
Berlin Rejected
But Western Allies
Will Let Police Act
In Any New Violence
By the Assoeioted Press

BERLIN, May 23.-The three
Western military commanders re-
jected today a petition from the
West Berlin city government tc
seize strike bound elevated rail-
way stations in the city.
Nevertheless" they said, "as
and where law and order is not
being effectively maintained, au-
thorization for the active inter
vention by the police president will
be given promptly"
This was interpreted to- mean
that in individual cases of violence
the Western sector police will be
authorized to step in. as they have
in previous cases over the week
end.
The strike against the Soviet
appointed management of the
railways. now in its third day, was
marked by a week end Of bloody
rioting in which Soviet-controllec
police used guns against mobs ol
strikers and their sympathizers.
The decision of the military
commanders of the United States
Britain and France in effect re-
affirmed the property rights Of
the ussian-controlled railway
system. The rights were estab-
lished in 1945 by power
agreement.
Called TntOIerable Situation"
The anti-CommuniSt city gov
ernment had asked Western au-
thorlties for the right to send
their own police into railway in
stallationS and stations in West
ern sectors, with the backing OF
American, British and French au-
(See BERLIN, Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Auto Pool for Use of Members
Of Congress Urged by Pepper

when. he said. ne and otIlef meIh-
bers of Congress were unable TO
obtain taxicabs or other automo-
bile service for quick trips to Gov
ernment Offices.
Other witnesses in favor OF the
increased travel allowances were
Henry Merry of the Budget Bu-
reau; w. L. Ellis. assistant TO the
Controller General: Luther c.
Steward, president of the National
Federation of Government En-
ployes: w. j. Houston. represent
ing the American Federation OF
Government Employees. and
Thomas c. Walters of the Govern
ment Employees Council.
MFR. Merry estimated that the
Sc to $40 increase In the daily
allowance maximum would repre-
sent an increase OF $4,000 900 q
year, and the raise in mileage al
iowance would account for an
other si2 900 900.
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Hiss Perjury Trial
Delayed 10 May 81
by the Associated Press

NEW YORK, May 23-Federa
Judge Samuel H. Kaufman today
delayed the perjury trial of Algel
Hiss until May 81.
Counsel for the 44-year-old for.
mer State Department officia
asked postponement unit
Wednesday. The Government die
not object.
However, Judge kaufman ig-
nored the suggested date ano
ordered both sides to be ready
to proceed May 81. Mr.. Hiss was
not in court.
The trial, on an indictment
handed up last December Is by
a Federal grand jury investigat-
ing subversive activities, originally
was scheduled to begin February
"a. Today's delay was the sixth
postponement.
The grand jury accused Mr.. His!
of lying to it when he denied he
turned over classified Government
documents to Whitaker Cham
bers, a self admitted former cour.
Ter for a Communist spy network
MFR. Hiss pleaded not guilty Il
the charge, as well as to seconc
count returned against him by tht
jury.
That count alleges Mr.. Hiss lies
when he testified he did not set
Mr.. Chambers from January l
1887, until after Mr.. Chamber
appeared early this year before th'
House Committee on Un-Ameri'
can Activities.
The maximum penalty for con
viction on either perjury count
facing him is five years in prison
and Q $4,000 fine.
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Hundreds Feared Dead
In Bruziliun Floods
BY the Assoeioted Press

RIO DE JANEIRO. May 23.-
Villagers along the lower Amazon
today hunted bodies in swirling
food debris. There is fear the
death toll will mount into the
hundreds.
Reports from Belem said the
fioods-worst since l91S-were
sweeping over Maceio. capital of
Algoas state, and other towns,
wrecking hundreds of houses.
killing cattle and running crops.
Gov. Silvestre Pericles estimated
100 dead already and said the
damage is over $4,000 900. He de-
creed a three day mourning period.
An air survey disclosed many
towns completely under water,
with only the tops of palm trees
showing.
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Ah-Day Attack byRed,
Fails 10 Push THROUGH
Shanghai S Defenses
Center Of Fighting Only
Two Miles Across River
From Heart of City
By Fred thompson
Associated Press foreign Correspondent

SHANGHAI, May %. Com
munist troops tried all day tc
crack Shanghai defenses, but al
nightfall they had not achieved q
breakthrough.
Some progress was made IN
spots. In others they failed.
The midday garrison communi-
que described the Pootung battle
as, nearing a climax. From the
Associated Press Office just off the
Shanghai bund reporters had only
to look out of the window to con-
firm the communique.
The center of the fighting was
directly across the Whangpoo
from the heart of Shanghai
Fighting ragged less than two miles
away. 1t started about 10 am
and was roaring on into the night
Thousands watched the battle
from high buildings and the
streets. Shell bursts set no less
than 40 fires during the day. Some
burned for hours.
Nationalist Planes Active.
Government P-51s and Mosquito
bdmbers alternated in bombing
and strafing. Sometimes the Reds
answered with ground machine
guns. They were not effective
Artillery and mortars rumbled at
intervals of 10 to 20 minutes.
In the afternoon, with the battle
not more than 1000 yards away
| two ancient, rust-covered river
boats were dragged upstream and
/ jockeyed into the middle of the
Whangpoo River. What they were
there for nobody here knew. They
could be evacuation ferries, mid
stream defenses against a crossing
or they could be sunk to block
Shanghai's main channel if the
Nationalist decide to let the Reds
have Shanghai.
1t was not easy to assay thu
battle even though it was undel
our noses. At times the planes
and big guns seemed to be covering
a withdrawal. At other time'
they seemed to be supporting al
attack. All / can say is tina
mortar and artillery shell burst
and the new fires at 5 pm. looked
to be half mile further from
the river than they were at noon
While this battle at Shanghai
backdoor f1ickered and f1ared. Wort
from the west defenses limited thu
Reds had driven to point neal
the Hungjao golf course. Tha
puts them at least 8 miles furthe1
into the suburban area. The com
munique said the Reds wer'
stopped at the main defense line
Looters Damage Airport.
| The communique said the SUD
urb of Chipao had been aban
doned. 1t is some six miles ives
of Lunghwa Airfield. While thingi
looked bad for the defenders
Lunghwa Airfield resumed limitet
operations. Twenty planes landed
and took off.
Returning workers at Lunghws
were angered to find that looter,
| (Caa CHINA Paoe AL
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Hoffman Denies Inten'
To Quit, Seek Office
BY ihe Associated Press


Paul G. Hoffman, head of the
Economic Cooperation Admins
tration. has no intention of re-
signing or running for a public
Office.
TeStifying before the House Ap-
preparations Committee on the
1850 ECA money bill, Mr.. Hoffman
referred to reports of his future
plans Thy Commentator Drew
Pearson) in these words:
II have not even given any
thought to it. I could not resign
at the moment with a clear con-
science. I could not resign with
a clear conscience If the appropri-
alton we're passed because I fee
that the next few months are
going to be very crucial months.
Whether I can help or not
do not know. but I would like tc
try to help bring about, if
could. some real progress in this
field of mutual aid. -
Regarding Mr.. Pearson's state
ment .. am perfectly willing
to say this: Having observed the
way that public servants work
and the way that ! have had tc
work during the last year. I have
no desire for any political Office
whatsoever. United States Con-
gresham least of all, and GER
tainly not any other office what
soever.
You can wash me out of the
political scene; I want no part
of it."
Mr.. Hoffman testified on May
Is. His testimony. given behind
closed doors, was made public
today by the Appropriations Con-
Saittee.
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Big 4 Ministers
Open New Talks
On Reich Issue
West Due to Press
Russio for Prompt
Action on Berlin
BY the kssocioied Press

PARIS, May 23.-The Big Four
Council of Foreign Ministers met
today to begin an attempt to
settle the problem of Germany.
Secretary of State Acheson of
the United States, Foreign Secre-
tary Bevin of Britain, Foreign
Minister Schuman of France and
Foreign Minister Vishinsky OF
Russia assembled in the flag
festooned pink marble palace at
3 minutes before pm. Q0:57
am, EDIT. 4.
This was the sixth meeting of
the Council of Foreign Ministers
since the war and the fourth on
the German question. 1t was
their first session since the Coun-
Evening star., 1949-05-23

Gil was deadlocked in London ir
December, 1947, on a German
peace treaty.
Vishinsky Has Red Brief Case.
The three Western powers were
expected to press Russia for i'm
mediate and urgent consideration
of Berlin. The lifting of the Soviet
blockade of Berlin and the Allied
counterbloekade of Soviet occu-
pied Eastern Germany opened the
way for these new talks.
Mr.. Acheson arrived first in a
limousine which was preceded by
a police escort. He drove up
through a big crowd of silent
sightseers. Mr.. Bevin and Mr..
Vishinsky, the latter carrying a
red brief case, followed soon after
and all were greeted by Mr..
Schuman in the heavily guarded
palace.
AS the meeting perhaps the
most momentcus since the war
got under way, Western power Of
ficlals refused to say whether they
were optimistic or not. One Brit
ish official said the West will
wait and see" what Mr.. Vishinsky
has to say. There has been specu-
lation that Mr.. Vishinsky soon
will make a major Soviet policy
statement.
Russian Is Cordial.
Mr.. Schuman called the meet
ing to order at 4:o5 pm. and then
nodded to his aides to clear out
photographers and reporters, who
had been permitted to witness the
opening.
When Mr.. Vishinsky entered he
looked at Mr.. Acheson, smiled and
stepped over to shake hands.
II am glad to see you again" he
said. Flash bulbs popped and one
photographer. who missed it
shouted: Can we have that again
Mr.. Acheson?"
The Secretary and Mr.. Vishin'
(Continued on Page AS, Col. L.,
Evening star., 1949-05-23

wISBORoUGH GREEN. Eng
land, May % (P).-The Bishop of
Chichester led the congregation of
this village to the banks of the
River Arun and offered prayers
for rain to end the drought. Then
he hustled the parishioners back
inside the village church just in
the to beat the rain.
Evening star., 1949-05-23
.Comp|etePr Probe
.0fAEC Asked
BY Vandenberg'
Senator Wants Inquiry
Into LiIienthoI Stund
On Security Problems
BY the ASsoeioted Press


Senator Vandenberg. Republi-
can. of Michigan called today for
"a complete inquiry into the at
titude of the Atomic Energy Com
mission and Chairman David E.
Lilienthal on all security prob
lens.
A congressional committee al
ready is looking into the commits
sionS operations and one investi-
gator senator Hickenlooper
Republican. Of IoWa-has de-
manded that Mr.. Lilienthal resign
The investigation has revolved
about the award of atomic educa-
tional grants TO an admitted
Communist and to others who
failed to receive security clear
ance for work on secret matters.
Senator Vendenberg said in a
statement that 1T is unthinkable
to me that Communists should be
educated at public expense"
He added that he must with
hold final judgment" on Mr..
Lilienthals work as Acc head un-
til the security issue is cleared up.
Senator Vandenberg. a member
OF the Senate-House Atomic Com
mittee, said the Importance of the
security matter cannot be ignored
in view of Senator Hickenloopers S
statement, because he is in my
opinion, one of our best informed
experts on this whole matter"
Senator = Hickenlooper. also
committee member, has accused
Mr.. Lilienthal of incredible mis-
management" of commission af-
fairs.
Cites Commissions Record.
MIR. Lilienthal flared back that
the commissions record. including
the building up of "a substantial
stockpile of atomic weapons" is
the best answer to that demand
Senator Hickenlooper was once
a staunch supporter of Mr.. Lilien-
thai.
The Senator said persons with
strong Communistic leanings"
had been given Acc funds for
scientific study. He protested, too.
that Mr.. Lilienthal "sneered" at
concern Of Congress over the dis
of some ounces of
uranium 235 from an atomic lab
oratory in Chicago. Even the
small amount by weight, Senator
Hickenlooper said, is a vast guam
tity" for research in weapon de-
velopment.
In addition to these two highly
publiciZed fiascos." the Iowa SEN
ator continued. our atomic pro-
gram is suffering from equivoca-
ton. misplaced emphasis and
waste"
Senator Hickenlooper said he
stands by a recent New York
speech in which he said President
Truman has permitted the trans
fer from department to depart
ment of undesirable persons when
they should have been eliminated
from any position of public trust"
Non-Re Oaths Ordered.
Over the week end the Acc
that non Communist
oaths will be required of all 497
persons who have been certified for
Acc fellowships. Previously the
Acc required security clearance
only of those students whose study
secrets.
One of these students, DR.. Isa-
dor S. Edelman. medical research
er at a Boston hospital. was called
Evening star., 1949-05-23
B BULLETIN
Conferees Compromise
On District Sales Tax

House and Senate conferees
today compromised differences
between the two chambers
over the Districts $4,000, 900
tax bill. The exemption for
restaurant meals from the 2
per cent sales tax was placed
at S1.25 in price, instead OF
S1.50 as proposed by the Sem
ate, and a so per cent in
crease in taxes on alcoholic
beverages was recommended
instead of the Senate plan for
a doubling of such levies.
Evening star., 1949-05-23
Committed
|15% 0HCost Of
Marshall
22-lo Vote Exceeds
Subcommittee Slash;
Other Items Trimmed
BY the kssoeioted Press

The House Appropriations Com
mittee today ordered IS per cen,
cut in Marshall Plan spending for
the year starting July /.
Overriding a subcommittee rec
ommendation. the full committee
voted. % to 10. to cut 1929. 730 .00C
from the s4.198 100000 President
Truman had asked for the Euro
pean Recovery Programs second
year of operations.
The subcommittee had recon-
mended a cut of only Sl82 300, 900
but Republicans claimed this was
not enough.
The full committee also voted tC
cut $150,000,000 from the $1,000
100000 President Truman sought
for Government and relief in oc-
cupied areas. The subcommittee
had chopped this item only $50
400. 900.
Greco Turkish Aid Untouched.
The full 50,00O.00O asked for
aid to Greece and Turkey was
approved by the committee, as
was a fund of 81 ,074. 900 900 sought
for Marshall Plan operations for
the April-June quarter of this
year.
The overall amount recon-
mended for all operations in the
bill was S5.542,470,0O0. The Pres
ident had asked S6,322, 200, 900.
The actual amount of money
to be made available depends on
what the full House and Senate
vote when the bill comes before
them.
Chairman Cannon of the Ap-
preparations Committee told re-
porters the motion for the IS per
cent cut was made by Representa-
tive Thomas, Democrat, of Texas,
and was supported almost solidly
by Republicans.
In Addition to Truman Cuts.
The cuts the committee made
are on top of a $157 ,800,0 900 reduc-
ton that Mr.. Truman himself
suggested because of the decline
in prices since he sent his budget
to Congress in January.
The subcommittee-whose cuts
were slashed deeper by the full
committee-Said It cut $50 1000, 900
because expected ratification of
the international wheat agreement
may cut the price of wheat
financed by the Economic Coop
Grafton Administration.
It cut $42.300, 900 because of
price drops since the estimates
were prepared. and $50, 100000 in
anticipation of further price falls.
In case the price drops do not
occur, the committee said. the
ECA administrator should ask
Congress to restore the cuts.
The subcommittee said 1t made
no other cuts in ECA funds because
too small an appropriation would
be disastrous. and less than
enough would be worse than moth
ing. as it would result in draining
our own resources without COM
pensating return"
The money is to be distributed
as the ECA sees fit among II for
eign nations participating in the
so-called Marshall Plan to restore
European economy.
The subcommittee approved the
entire $50,00o,000 for aid to
Greece and Turkey without COM
ment other than to say the
amount is needed pending action
on the general military assistance
program.
Congress has authorized $675,-
0Oo 900 in aid to the two countries,
separately from ECA money. and
(See FOREIGN AID, Page A-6o
Evening star., 1949-05-23
See TORSAIOEs, Page 4
Troin FoIls Into River

RIO DE JAEErRO. May 70 ~.
An iron hrsdss spanning tss
Sac. Gonxaio River between RIO
Grands ard PslotAs colisp psed
Friday. DUMPING o ia-ear freight
train loaded with stone into the
river. IL WIS learned here TO-DAY
No one Was hurt IN tsss r1lssaap
but the bridge tend committed
suicide asts. II occsA I'd.