davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-06-12
Modern Shipbuilding to Swell Merchant Fleet
BY Froneis ?. DouoIos

land two are for carrying loaded
truck trailers between Los Angeles
and San Francisco. and one cargo
ship is planned. which the COM
mission hopes will be the proto-
type for O whole series to follow
and o naval auxiliary.
The passenger ships on the
program will be Q good step In
meeting our needs for vessels Of
that kind. Under the 1s48 budget,
work has begun on two 10000
ton vessels, the Constitution and
the Independence. for the Medi-
terranean service Of the Ameri-
can Export Lines. Also. two
around -the-world cruise ships.
the President Jackson and the
President Adams. are being built
for the American President Lines
In the 194s budget there is a
provision for another President
Lines ship. the President Hayes,
But attracting more attention is
the new superliner. the United
States, for which q contract has
been signed.
The vessel. TO be the biggest
merchant ship under our nag, Is
being built for the United States
Lines for the North Atlantic run.
She will cost $4,000, 900. The
United States Lines share Of this
will be S2S, 900 900. the Govern
ment's share $42. 900 900. The
Evening star., 1949-06-12

by the House Merchant Marine
Committee, Of which Representa-
tive Bland. Democrat. Of Virginia
Is chairman. What the operators
have indicated they want. al
though 1t is doubtful they will
get everything they ask for. are
construction subsidies for ships
that do not receive operating
parity payments" Is well as for
those that do, an arrangement
whereby depreciation can be &C
celerated in prosperous years.
more advantageous trade-in
terms and o Limitation Of mort
gage liability on certain pas
senger vessels to the amount OF
capital the operator has invested
In the mortgaged ship itself.
From the commission point OF
view It mainly adds up to this,
In the words Of Mr.. Mellen: I'VE
want to see If we cannot get some
little opportunity for people to
engage In q construction pro-
gram"
The Maritime Commission's g
construction program now calls
for nine passenger-type ships.
either building or to be built. OF
these. one Is O super liner for
North Atlantic service and eight
are combination passenger cargo
vessels. Two are refrigerated cargo
ships for Central American trade
Evening star., 1949-06-12
By Dovid A. Stein

um. nonferrous ores and
metals. and paper.
While the South Atlantic
customs districts have shown
the greatest increase In for
eign trade. Gulf Coast ports.
too, have grown tremendously.
Last years merchant shipping
was up almost 5000 900 tons
over 1898.
simultaneously. United
States statistics indicate. for
eign trade in Pacific Coast dis
tricts declined by more than
100000 net tons. Experts Of
the American Merchant Ma
rine Institute say this decline
probably is due TO such factors
as transcontinental rail rate
differentials. labor difficulties
like the strikes which tied up
West Coast ports for s5 days
last year, and diversion Of traf-
fic closer to markets. Pacific
Coast shipping interests. seek
ing q way to recapture trade.
recently have appropriated
$25.000 for q study by STAN
ford University.
Gulf Coast ports, says the
institute, have increased their
foreign trade because Of their
Evening star., 1949-06-12
t' ,@c ] s : e"s States Foreign Trade Report '"" source " ~ ~ "

convenience to African trade
routes. their proximity to Latin
American markets. and the
general increase In business in
the Southwest.
The exceptional demand for
ore by Candian mills has ac-
counted for increasing foreign
trade along the Great Lakes.
the worlds greatest inland
waterways system. A feet OF
43 American and 40 Canadian
tankers plies between the two
countries. the Lake Carriers
Association reports. Importa-
tions Of iron ore for certain
grades Of steel have come from
Algeria. Brazil. Chile. Canada.
Cuba. Mexico and Sweden. A
feet OF fast motor ships crosses
from the Scandinavian coun-
tries to Great Lakes ports res
ularly.
About half the Nations for
eign trade Is carried by United
States flag ships. The privately
owned merchant feet. number
ing more than 1000 ships. Il
larger in carrying capacity and
tonnage than II was before
World War II.
Irnafrdha,fAd hr thA Associated PrsMAl
Evening star., 1949-06-12
Six Amendments Pending
By CIorke Beech

proposed by Congress in 1924.
was ratified by 20 States UP to
1897, but no more have ratified
It since then.
The file on the tenure of of
fee amendment. however. k
growing. 1t is . fat pile Of doc
uments, seals. red ribbons and
Governors autographs. In the
batch are % ratifications.
Eighteen were received within
two months after Congress pro-
posed the amendment In March.
lo47. Three more arrived In
le4e, and two came this year
from North and South Dakota.
Deadline in 1854
Next year only eight State
Legislatures are scheduled 10
meet. Six Of them already
have either ratified or rejected
the amendment. II will be
1851 before enough Legislatures
will convene to give the re-
quired 80 rattfications.
Congress put o seven-year
limit on the time within which
the tenure of Office amendment
could be ratified. 90 the dead
line In March "a, 1854. II set
no limit ON ths period In which
the child labor amendment
could be adopted.
Ratification took an average
Of II months for the IL amend
ments which won adoption.
Three States took $50 years
to ratify the first 10 amend
ments-the Bill Of Rights.
Massachusetts,. Connecticut and
Georgia. the only States which
didn't ratify them originally.
did 1t In 1889.
Kansas took IL years 10
notify the Secretary Of State.
In is4s, that IL had ratified the
child labor amendment.
Between 80 and 90 amend
ment proposals are introduced
each session Of Congress. The
only two which are now getting
much attention On Capitol Hill
are the ones which would gtvs
equal rights 10 women and the
proposal to abandon the sisc-
toral college procedure Of elect-
tug Presidents.
0sstsSbzss1 - - A1Deslsse4 HSs9D
Evening star., 1949-06-12

foreign trade flowed through
American ports last year.
New York Is far ahead Of the
Nations other ports In foreign
trade. Department Of Com
merce figures show its closest
rival is the Virginia customs
district. whose Hampton roads.
Newport News and Norfolk
piers have been crowded with
Marshall Plan bulk cargoes Of
coal and grain.
Marshall Plan aid. Of course.
has accounted for much Of the
present increase In exports. The
value of wheat shipped abroad
last year is 20 times that Of
1898 shipments. Dairy and
egg shipments increased 40
times in value. Non-agricul-
tural exports. also far in excess
of values of 10 years ago. in
clude coal, textiles, machinery.
iron and steel mill products,
chemicals and automobiles.
Coming into American ports
are wool, crude rubber, cane
sugar. coffee. petroleum. furs.
paper, nonferrous ores and
metals and diamonds. Greatest
increases have been shown In
the value of imported petrole-
Evening star., 1949-06-12

Denys p. Myers. who keeps
track Of such matters for Sec
retary Of State Acheson, doesn't
think the United States Con-
stitution will be amended again
for another two years at the
earliest.
One Of the Secretary's duties
Is to act as go-between for Con-
gress and the States In the busi-
ness Of arranging constitutional
amendments. Proposed amend
ments must be ratified by the
Legislatures of three-fourths Of
the States.
Altogether stx amendments
which Congress has proposed
are still unratified. Only two
are live issues-the one restrict
ing the President TO two terms
Of office and the amendment
giving Congress the right to
prohibit child labor. The child
labor amendment is becoming
less alive all the time. Most OF
its objectives have already been
accomplished by law.
-Four Considered Dead
The other four have long
been IN the national archives.
The Supreme Court said In 1871
that they should not be con-
sidered as still pending. Pro-
posed amendments, the court
said, must be ratified within .
reasonable time.
Two OF them are the hrst
amendments Congress proposed.
In 1859, at its first session. The
first would have established .
new method Of apportiontng
members Of the House Of Rep
resentatives. The second pro-
yided that salary changes for
Congress would not take effect
durins the terms Of those MEM
bers who voted on the changes.
The third. proposed in 1910.
would have prohibited Amer
lean citizens from accepting
foreign decorations and titles Of
nobility.
The fourth. proposed Tn 1851.
would have protected the In
stitution Of slavery. Ths Civn
War. which followed imme-
diately, settled that Issue.
ThS child labor anandmenk
Evening star., 1949-06-12
Bird
tcontinued Prosn Page CID

only Dol mlliion dollars In TIE
fsrss quarter Of IsSs. reached is7
million dollars In The third guar
ter. OF the total Of s37 million
dollars for the first II months Of
Ethe year. coal accounts for nssriy
half Machinery and tsxtiies ae-
counted for 81 million dollars
each. chemieals and irun and steel
over - million dollars each. while
sesentife tnktrufnsnts and rnstal
products earned nearly 0 miliion
dollars each.
While Britain vas HaAktng q
fsying start on IL own recovery.
European rehabilitation was hesa
I'D simply because Germany va
unable 70 make any material con-
r.bution toward the sSsppasas of
machinery and chemicals which
Europe needs. Supplies of ubess
goods and eosssHnsrx socd. 100.
are nov beginning 10 appear. but
In quantities which VIII ultimately
be needed 10 restore Esropesn
prosperity.
German Industry 10 hksay 70
have TO sahxnss 10 lowsr procgc~
stStty for o considerable psgtod
ahead. No ose intends unas real
wages In Germany VIII ns allowed
10 rise 10 Brftaah-fnnef isss
Arn~Ytcan--ssan6ar6s IN ths far-
seeahis future. Y~s taas 10 what
complaints 81 lc~ wasss 10 o<s-
many really irnply-thas tas Ger
man standard ~ living ahouid es
ralAed 20 the point ~ which Ger
man tsAde ecai6 possibly rsviss.
Naturally. thu course cf German
revival VII pose many awkward
prohiems for nsftasA an6nssTy.
Dritlsh tndastxtaiisks see clearly
TIE absolute nseessaty e n1akina
Germany ssif-sssppaEtana--wtsa
al shs political and seanoxnte
guarantees tssas @asss % wf&h ssaf-
safzseienry. II thsy svsr snossgfs
tass German rSeevwy would Do
painless fx fhem. nsay aFs aaasn-
sng 6idsrsnsiy ncx.
sosssAa wsAs S<sszzs sw~.s&S
Evening star., 1949-06-12

The Maritime Commission now
has / ,SS1 ships laid up In its moth
ball fleet. but 1t Is getting O new
construction program under way
Wartime shipping. when every
vessel that could carry q cargo or
transport men was needed. was
one thing. The realities Of peace
time competition are quite differ
ent, even though the necessities
Of national defense are tnextr1c-
ably linked with them.
The ships that are laid up, ves-
sells Of a total Of 18.700. 900 dead
weight tons-about twice the ton
mage Of our whole 1889 merchant
fieet-are the least efficient Of the
country's ships. Many are the
plodding. 10-knot. mass-produced
Liberties that did their stints In
wartimes. They are at q dis
advantage in the competitive con-
ditions Of today.
Our chief problems now are
these:
An incomplete passenger serv-
ice. We have fewer than half the
number of passenger carriers we
had before the war. Passenger
service helps develop cargo serv-
ice; the passenger carriers OF
peacetime become the troop trans
ports Of war.
Market Is Competitive
We are again in O competitive
market for the services OF a
merchant marine. We have q
larger fleet in foreign trade than
ever before, but the feet that
plows the waves for Britain again
is larger than ours. 2,547 ships to
1856. Foreign nations are build
ing many vessels. Unless we face
this we will meet new and efficient
carriers with obsolescent vessels.
Our domestic feet is o weak
SPOT. Train and truck competi-
ton has cut into the coastwise
and intercoastal services. Domes-
tic passenger services are at q new
low. The ships Of the domestic
service form an important part
of the bulwark against war. For
example, passenger ships from
Chesapeake Bay carried troops
from England to the Normandy
beaches on D Day.
Back In 1898 the Maritime Com
mission projected O rather am
bitioas program: 500 ships In 10
years. When the 10 years were
up 5000 had been built. the major
ity Of them In wartime. Now the
commission has started . three
year program which 1t hopes viii
produce about 80 new vessels.
Fifteen ships have either been
started or planned.
Hearings have been going on In
Congress to lay the basis for
amending the Maritime Act OF
1886. The changes. If made. would
gear the legislation TO the post
war needs and program.
The proposed legislation has
been worked out by operators OF
ships which receive operating SUD-
sides as well as those which &C.
cure none sitting down with
|GrenviIle Mellen. vice chairman
of the Commission. The non
subsidized ships In foreign trade
are those operated outside the
regular service on trade routes
prescribed by the Maritime Com
mission.
Mr.. Mellen prefers the phrase
parity payments for the cost Of
Operation" to the word subsidies.
The payments are made to enable
the operator to meet the COM
petition Of foreign ships which
| have lower operating costs. There
Lis no guarantee Of profits and nc
underwriting Of losses" Mr.. Mel
len said.
! Tns hearings have bsen helt
Evening star., 1949-06-12

tlatter figure represents the con-
struction difierential between
American and foreign costs and
the cost Of national defenss
features which will be embodied
in the ship.
Superliner Is Mystery
The vessel still Is pretty much
surrounded BY mystery. The
Maritime Commission announced
she would be $50 feet long. with
beam OF 1915 feet. The designer
William Francis Gibbs Of the en-
gineering Arm Of Gibbs 81 Cox. II
quoted as saying those figures
are inaccurate but declining tc
say Just what the dimensions
will be.
She will be operated at "a
knots "or more" TO meet the COM
petition of the present luxury
ships. But just what her top
speed will be has not been dts
closed. She will carry 2.00o pas
sengers and in wartime will be
able ITO accommodate upwards of
$4,000 troops" The last sug-
gests that her speed will enable
her to keep UP with the FAST shi -
OF the Nays striking force.
Another l94e budget provision
is for q combination passenger
cargo vessel for the Delta Lines
the Mississippi Shipping Co.--ior
use between New Orleans and
the east coast OF South America
She will most likely be Q diesel
ship. carrying about $50 pas
sengers
The Army transport. the Gen
Richardson. has been converted
to . passenger ship under the
ls4s budget. She was begun be-
fore the war as passenger shir
and completed as . transport
Now named the La Guardia. She
is owned by the Maritime Com
mission and chartered to thu
Amererican Export Lines for thu
Mediterranean service. TO Be usec
until the Constitution and the In.
dependence are delivered.
The 1850 budget viii provide fol
two passenger ships for the Grac,
Line on the New York -Caribbear
service. and two cargo ships fol
the Standard Fruit d Steamship
Co. for the New Orieans-Centra
American trade.
| OF greater interest. however. Il
the prototype cargo ship for which
bids have been asked. She vii
be built by the commission and
| IL Is expected she viii set the pat
tern for future construction. Sns
win be att feet 8 inches lons
and have o e6-foot beam.
! This vessel likewise win be con.
structed with the view TO building
on q production basis foi
national emergencies II necessary
The speed win b isS knots and
the cruising range 1900 nautical
miles. Cargo capacity WIN Be 10.
500 tons.
The commission also has plans
for another cargo ship which could
be used In m emergency ~ q
naval auxiliary. II has developed
designs also for q high-speec
| tanker which would carry "a .oof
deadweight tons at 20 knots. In
peacetime service she would carry
. heavier tonnage Ut q slower
speed.
The industry Itself. without
Government Aid. is privately con-
tracing or has On order 81 stan
dard-type tAnkers.
The commission has planned
tentatively to build Is Of thess
tankers. but no final decisions hays
been naads. No construction dif-
ferential payments ars made On
itankers, but the commission dcel
make contributions 10 meet tfs
lsxtrs costs of military featurel
tuch a. tncrsased ased and pro-
t~k<x~.~~ g. A~nS
Evening star., 1949-06-12

nsighooytng countries. and those
printed In the satellite nstions
This article 10 written f-ol
studies Of thos~ publications mace
by experts Of several Western DE-
mocraetes
These experts say underground
leaders who nShi communism In
satellite nations are up against
troubles more grim than those
who resisted the SaGia- Foz ore
thing. Conmgnis. akents have a
much easier time spying On oppo-
Sitlon leaders since the agents are
local people Hitier's men we're
0ermAns-foreigneTs-an6 easy 70
spot.
Evening star., 1949-06-12
Resistance to SOviets
Crops Up on Home Soil
Satellite Nations Have Continual Trouble;
Ukranians Wage Guerrilla War and
Intellectuals Start Revolt
Dy Ssrd A~s

Tnes aprs&s Do b 10 undsrvunt mc~~nsns r 80 sSv1rs
satcsrty evvshrcw cnmwnaa su
Soviet - nchsvk
took
pgtnsd tns Acyisl Cnlee ea Mas
Evening star., 1949-06-12
Argentina Tries to Mend
/. Trade Monopoly Fault
Steps Taken to Lower Prices and Taxes
and Resume Exports Nearly Wiped
Out by Peron Doctrine
By Edword Tomlinson

IN the field Of foreign trade the government Of Argentina is
about abandon certain tene Of the Peron doctrine
state In fact several steps have been taken indicate
diplomat
ANY enthusiasm
States expors and investors almost mmedey dampend
Evening star., 1949-06-12

Apparsctsy d 10 stxu GsfAHuas -
convsncs an Ufyxsnians Nal Ire
cxnmuniss rwoxran 10 good In
January rRrasnlAa frsw1a-
exsossc o sEe~cs mAes ~ ths
party header Khrasseass was
cautioned II II nec@&sAry ts
stragsis deeasawely ASAsnss kcw-
tcwing 10 fozwsgnsTs
RosrAnia has bad several psAs-
ant r~oeIlsons The lass occurred
THE ttalrd w~ek al May Nere TIA
resistance Gr'oups protested gov
ernnen, r~cuisitscsins 81 their
grain,
RomAn,An resistance ssosiea
shcw 10 IN two exls pAgxts
published IN Paris Ia NatAsn
RoumAyne and lrrnton Re-
maine
In them n waa rsrcxtet that
In lp%s several former RnxnAniAn
cabinet ministers vsse apgws-
hended IN Q piet - cverthrcw
the Communist government The
RornaniAn press sAld thsy had
sought o promise a Aruas frosn
friends In Western EtEops. and Q
pledge Of help II their plot worked.
and they precipitassd large soals
ishiins Many Of the RcsnanaAn
leaders escaped sosns nov live
in Washington. They oenied Tie
stories
Russia Has Trouble
Anti Communist resistance tn
Bulgaria vas there In ths recent
election campaign Local papers
thundered against the vAndals
who tore down the ofreiAl election
posters pictures Of loyal Com
munists' and who wrote sandal
Gus slogans on city walls
In YugoslAvia. resistance 10 split
two ways Those who resent any
kind OF communism. and those
who merely resent pro Moscow
communism but remain loyal 70
Marshal Titos brand American
observers have reported tales Of
pitched battles between the two.
Resistance on Russian coil 10 uhs
s,ranRest part Of the story II
can be deduced from charges made
by the Russian government against
groups Of eitirena,
Since is&e. the Russian Com
munist Party has tried 10 dictate
what its intelleciuals can think.
II apparently has been having
difYIcult.es since the party has
attacked. one By one. Eroups Of
writer's. drafnatists. economists,
Historians. musicians and archi-
tects
Names Disappear
ofaeial attacks appear frss IN
Pravda, Ixvestia and TYud. Mos
Gov newspapers. Then the at-
tack echoes In outlying newspapers
throughout the U. O. q. r.
This years mos. important news
story about Russia. aocordins 20
American experts. vas the disap-
pearance from the list Of ttss fs-
vored OF two top Communist lead
ers. Nicolai Vosnesensky. former
head OF the State Planning Com
mittee and Q former Pulit6uTo
member. and a. A. KuxnstsCv.
member OF the secretartat Of the
Central COMMITTEES.
Both names have been dropped
from the formal lists In the Moe.
Gov press since early this ysar.
On May !. when Communist
leaders pictures adorn Red Square
in Moscow. the two men were
missine from the gallery. TheTs
has been no explanation.
Interpreters OF Russian affairs
here say II would bs folly 20 place
too much importance on ths oovi-
Gus disagreements between Rus
STAT intsIlsctuals and Hassia's
politicians. They do agree that
dlssatisfAction among Russian in-
tslleetials. In the Iona run. can be
dangerous yeast IN ths bread Of
bolsnevisrn
Co4s,rssssss ~ ssss Assssssss< prssJ
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-04-26
US. Warships In Shanghai
Withdraw To Yangtze Mouth,
While Reds Converge On City

concentrated in three sectors o.
oppose the Reds and 10000 Ma
tionalists have been sent a. Su-
chow 20 try to beat back the cDun-
munists' attempt in their pinocTs
movement TO trap Nationalist
troops.
Other government forces Hfe
concentrated In Hangchow -
miles to- the southwest While tisU
Nationalist were making tiH'e
movements outside of Shanghai.
they are also active IN the city "a
rounding up Red fifth coluuinift
Up to noon today 500 81 tiHiu
had been arrested
Shanghai residents ate iillcfv
over the reported battles that wiil
be fought Because II the aititinis
of the communist leaders luNafii
the United States. f,iuWte lseftn
yesterday that. should ihey ttte
control of the city. thc Amsfi' ~
dollar viii hr mltlnNri aa sut
t"ncy A. u rosull, naiivrH ili uia
city are holling then Amefii -
30 Whatever they can Hat
f0r II
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-04-26
Nationalist Troops
Prepared To Give
Battle; Fights Expected
I'm Three Areas
tBy The Associated Pre.sl


SHANGHAI April 26-All
ships in the United States Navy
that had been moored in the vi
cinity of this city raised anchors
this morning and steamed to the
broad mouth of the Yangtze RiV-
er. It was said that the fleet may
go to the East China Sea.
II had been expected that part
of the fleet would have been
used to eVacuate Americans ~
Shanghai. but the ships lifted AN
chors and steamed away without
the command announcing the ~
tention 10 leave Americans who
wish to leave the city, II was
said. may 90 down the river ~
small boats 10 board ihc WA
ships.
Two communist columns driV-
ing toward Shanghai. might have
been tho cause of the ships with
drawing, The. Nationalist com
mand~ in the, city said that II
would not capitulate, as Marking
had done. Government troops are
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-04-26
Key WeslcrS
Thanked By
British People

W.currY Harris. chairman
Of the Key West Chapter of
the American Red Cross. has
received for the chapter a
citation from the British En-
bassy. warmly thanking the
members of the Red Cross in
Key West for their valuable
help" to relieve suffering in
the United Kingdom caused
by enemy action during the
recent war.
The certificate. which is
signed by Lord Halifax. and
which will be preserved by
the local chapter. reads as
follows:
His MsjestY's Government
In the United Kingdom OF
Great Britain and Northern
ireland most warmly thank
the members of tire Chapter
of the American Red Cross
In Key West. Florida for the
valuable help which they
have given towards the relief
of suffering in the United
Kingdom caused by enemy
action during the war Of
ls3s-ls4S. ... 4
The People of the United
Kingdom will ever hold their
generosity in grateful mem
orY."
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1949-04-26
State Service
Officer Coming
Here Tomorrow

M r. Penton, assistant state
service officer, will be at Mon
roc County Service office from
0 m, until 5 p. m. tomorrow to
assist all veterans or their Deepen
dents with any claim for benefits
10 which they may be entitled be
cause of their military services.
Penton will also include assis,
lance to widows, children and de-
pendent parents Of veteran In
addition to gnY claim, for com
pensation or benefit that the vet
eran may wish to file under the
CT bill.