davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-05-14
iran Changes Its Constitution

Iran mas JUST IldQe changes III ltS
constitution which promise to have far
reaching effects, alike in It's internal
political life and in its international
standing. Although these changes are
technically amendments to the existing
constitution, they produce a profound
alteration in the spirit and practice of
Trans political institutions
It is curious fact that, Notwithstanding
the vicissitudes which Iran has undergone
in the past half century, its constitutional
structure has remained unaltered. The
turning point in Trans political evolution
occurred in 1905, when peaceful revolu-
ton transformed the country from an
Oriental despotism to a limited mon
archy wherein the balance of power lay
in the hands of an elected Parliament
known as the Malls. This radical shift
grew out of popular resentment at the
conduct of series OF incompetent,
pleasure loving monarchs. So drastically
were the sovereign's powers curtailed that
he became legally little more than a
flgurehead. Furthermore, although the
constitution provided for two legislative
bodies, the Upper House or Senate was
never eStdDllSIlcu, tlluS SoIlSCilu de4AAS
power in the lower chamber.
In 1925, the last representative Of the
decadent Qajar dynasty was sent into
permanent exile and the Crown devolved
upon Riza Khan Pahlevi who thus founded
the dynasty which, In the person Of his
son, Mohammed Riza, today sits on the
throne. So strong was the personality OF
Riza Shah that he dominated Iranian
politics much as he chose while respecting
constitutional forms. After his deposition
by Allied intervention during the late war,
this personal equation was no longer pres
ert. and Parliament tended to exercise its
full constitutional prerogatives.
Many of the results were unfortunate.
The Mails became an arena Of factional
strife with continual deadlocks paralyzing
vital legislation and holding up even such
crucial measures as the budget. Under the
constitution there was no way Of dissolv-
ing Parliament and holding new elections
without the Nails consent. So factional
maneuvers, flibustering and logrolling
could effectively block the national In
terest.
In order to end these abuses, the Shah
and his advisers called a special constituent
assembly which has Just amended the
constitution In several ways. The most
important change empowers the Shah to
dissolve Parliament and order new elec-
tions when he deems 1t necessary. The
decree OF dissolution must, however, state
the reason for such action and cannot be
used twice on the same issue. Another
important change is the setting up of the
Senate, projected under the original con-
constitution but never carried into effect.
Furthermore, regular method Of consti-
tptional change is established, by two
thirds vote OF both houses OF Parliament.
with the shahs approval. No such pro-
Evening star., 1949-05-14
Argues For Discussion
OF Racial Issues Now
To the Editor of The Star:

Your editorial Of May 9. Doing What
Comes Naturally" expresses an attitude
with which readers Of The Star are familiar
that the discussioa OF racial problems
creates and magniftes issues.
Unfortunately for this thesis. however.
history has shown that social progress can
not be effected by sidestepping these Is
sues and that, however temporarily dis
turbing such discussions may be. they
cannot be put aside without reappearing
later in aggravated forms. One Justly might
compare the racial problem In Washington
to o chronic disease which, neglected. viii
return in a more malignant phase.
It also must be remembered that what
happens in this city Is Of national signifi-
canoe, and especially so to the South.
It Is an established fact that Southern
Congressman were responsible during the
Wilson administration for changing the
previously unsegregated pattern within the
departments Of the Federal Government In
1918. This change took place not because
of friction inside these departments. but
because the existence Of this pattern In
Washington. at the gateway to the south.
was a menace to the ideas Of white su-
premacy" upheld by Senator vardaman.
Senator Tillman and other influential
Southern Congressmen at that time. These
men all are dead. but their ideology still is
very much alive. The steadfast opposition
to home rule for the District expressed by
Representative Mcmillan and Senator john
ston of South Carolina. which Is based solely
upon their fears of Negro participation IN
an elected city council. Is clear indication
of the seriousness with which they still
regard the issue.
Doing what comes naturally" means. Of
course. something very different 10 those
residents of Washington who have been ed
ucated In the North and West and who form
a substantial portion Of the local population.
from what 1t would imply TO Southerners
and TO many native Washingtonians who
have been brought up to accept pattern
of segregation. But as Mr.. Wenders re-
port 50 fully showed. the community pat
tern rapidly Is changing and your own cd
itorial admits the continuation Of that trend
There is every reason to believe that
change of policy on the part OF the local
hotels. theaters and restaurants would meet
with far less opposition on the part OF
the Washington public than such groups az
the Federation of Citizens Associations and
the Board Of Trade at present fear.
JAMES H. wHYTE.
Editors Note: Mr.. Whyte misinterprets
The Star editorialI
Evening star., 1949-05-14
New Bus Route
Irrifates q Rider


In my IL years In Washington ] have
known the Capitol Transit Company 70 do
some mighty stupid things. but the new
Benning road bus route their htgh-paid
planners laid out Is without doubt the most
asinine thing they have ever done. Whatever
they were thinking sboat as they planned
the route is beyond me. certainly not the
shortest and best route between Lafayette
Square and II street NE.
Today had occasion 10 travel almost 10
the terminal at Kenilworth and the way
the bus went was the most tprtuous ride I've
ever taken. The buses come down street %
far as Twelfth. then turn left only 10 re-
enter street few blocks further on. Why
they couldn't follow the old streetcar track
is complete mystery 20 me.
LEONARD A. ANEE1L.
Evening star., 1949-05-14

py Gaining me On the stelepnone.
In total ignorance that So cat lovers had
spied the ad. ! enthusiastically embarked on
q lemon meringue pie. AS each phone call
was ended hopefully relighted my oven and
started on the hazardous duty Of browning
that meringue. I think 1t was between the
26th and 27th plea for either the black or the
gray kitten '(she really would like to have
both) that managed to put the crowning
glory on my pie. It emerged Drowned and
burnt at one corner Never againl I had
underestimate by about so calls the old
slogan sit pays (even a mother caD to ad-
vertise." MRS. z. J. MILLIGAN.
Evening star., 1949-05-14
International Law
In the West German Constitution


To the Editor of The Star:
Please don't let the American public miss
the revolutionary provision OF Article Is Of
the drafted constitution for West Germany.
International lawyers will be astounded
or delighted-depending on their school Of
thought-to read that The general rules Of
international law - shall take precedence
over dederaD law and create rights and
duties directly for the inhabitants OF fed
eral territory"
The implications OF this provision are
tremendous. As I see 1t. 1t stems q the
most recent "monistic" concept OF interns-
tional law, elaborated shortly after World
Wor by the Austrian international lawyers
I think the development and spread OF
such q provision as Article % viii bear
watching 1t may be the first wedge In
practical Jurisprudence dislodgins state and
national sovereignty. OBSERVER.
Evening star., 1949-05-14
DIR. Putnam's Service
To the Cause Of Lfhrarixnship

am writing somewhat belatecly 70 express
to you my deep appreciation for the editorial
you published about a month aRo On the
occasion OF the nftiefh anniversary Of Her
bert Putnams appointment as Librarian o.
Congress In 1t you suggested with real In
sight tia deep realities Of the great aessseve~
mens which has nov become part cf nss-
tory. You did real service 70 TIE eauss
Of nbrarsanship By this recognition os fne
ooutxfhutaon cf cne Of ~ greAsest pxArts-
tsonsrx. LUTHER H. EVANS
Evening star., 1949-05-14
Wants Ball Fields
Standaf aixed In Dimensions

TO the Eoftof OF Ihe star
I deeply would appreciate your using your
good Offices 10 promote. propagate. and pro-
claim for the Standardization OF the size OF
all baseball fields No other game In sports
suffers from a like disparity In measure
ments covering dimensions Of playing areas.
why7 Would It not be for the good Of the
game to clarity this point?
LEON BAKER.
Boston Mass
Evening star., 1949-05-14
i Letters to The Star

Letters fo- r-e!tcctsos -2. aes-
the s.src:-re esd e6d'es % GAf
srrTte-. etho&eh u Is re~~sissiA,e fc-
:er.te- knoRn 20 TAf Ster - Gte
C s0~g dc rsSrss Please % ersg'
Evening star., 1949-05-14
Questions ond Answers

t.ei b. stitlns 1hs Kssains Asaf tnlarmsaas&
bureau ala / street NE MsshInstan :, b. O.
Pesss insie.s TIRES tai tsals feT return ssssas&
Evening star., 1949-05-14
By THE HAsKrs SERVICE.

O Did oeorse Washington have red ksaF'
w B. g.
A. Gen waahington's hair Ia Described ss
having been o reddish- brown. which with
advancing years wa strongly tinged win
grey. This description IL confirmed by .
number OF Ioeks Of hair In the Mount vsF-
non collection. h"t
Evening star., 1949-05-14

process, the gain applies to the Nation
as whole. Happily. the Hague type seems
TO have grown too crude for the electorates
taste
Evening star., 1949-05-14


your classified
ds appeared
that day things
happened that
relegated me
to 8 e c o n d
place. There
was q small
ad In the Sat-
urday Star to
the effect that
Smokey. m =
mother ca I.
had two kit
tens. o n e
b lsacokc one
gray, to give
away and any
one interested
might signify
Evening star., 1949-05-14

@ What Ia mean, by the white masTs
hurden7"--T. O. O. -
A. The term 10 used 70 refer 90 ths ssf-
imposed duty Of the so-eaiiad snlixhtsned
nations 10 regulate the affairs Of the back
ward peoples Of the world. =
Evening star., 1949-05-14

@. Where are most Of the rosa plants that
are for sale In early Epring grownf--k~ n
A. Most Of these plants cnfas from TIE
chief rose growing areas In the eCsnfsyvsa
Texas. California. Oregon. Otto. New Yo&
and Pennsylvania Texas grows the largets
proportion Of all rose plants sold 1E<
Evening star., 1949-05-14

@ Who invented trisonosnetEy7~c. ~ q.
A. Hipparchua tiso-i2s Be-. ths assForf
orner. 10 said 70 have invented usgononftff
In order 10 be able 10 measure the siSxa y
inscecssihle things. Apparently. however sss
ancient Egyptian builders Of ths pyrsnsds
had a basic knowie6gs Of tgse subject
Evening star., 1949-05-14
Analysts on Government Payroll
Resented With Seine Bitterness
srf

To the Edttor Of The star
When the New Dealers came into power.
they found 1t necessary 70 find some way Of
feeding onto the Government payroll hnrdes
of young spries from certain radical col-
leges They solved the problem by clubbing
them analysts" and paying them salaries
frequently In excess Of salaries paid highly
educated scientific psrsonnal In tho old ltns
Evening star., 1949-05-14
The Story of q Star Ad. q Pie
And . Cat With Two Kittens
Tn the Editor of Ths etaY.

Until Saturday night fattered myself
was as popular Q mother as any. but when
Evening star., 1949-03-30
German Grimes Remembered

German Or1meS Remembered
TO the Editor Of The star:
Just four short years ago, American
British, French and Russian troops were
smashing the last defenses OF the Iniro
Reich. The concentration camps were oelng
liberated. Remember BuchenWald ana
Dachau? Living skeletons proved con-
clusiyely the unparalleled brutality OF the
German mind. Remember, my fellow Amer
leans, the massacre Of American troops IN
the Battle of the Bulge. the Warsaw ghetto.
the bombing of Coventry, the bombing OF
defenseless Rotterdam. the W. rockets and,
last. but not least, the Gestapo.
The typical American has snort-hveo
memory. I refer in the main to H. P. Carter.
who, in a recent letter to The Star. suggested
that the United States should rearm or at
least "organize the Germans 50 that they
may be able to defend their fatherland.
Germany has caused the world untold SUI
fering and millions of lives If one rlne,
tank or grenade is given to the Germans
in our zone of Germany. 1t undoubtedly will
prove that the Second World War was
"phony war"
A German has no love for the Western
democracies in his hearta Let us not oe
misled by those who falsely believe that
Germany would ally herself with us in the
event Of war with Russia. The average
German would be out to save his own skin.
r. r. sTENLAUF.
Evening star., 1949-03-30

and this Is perhaps its most significant
long-term possibility it may open the
way to the synthetic manufacture of SINH
lar compounds for successful use against
the common cold, influenza and dread
scourges like infantile paralysis
In any event, If the first reports about it
are accurate, chloromycetin seems destined
to rank with such drugs as penicillin, and
may even come to outrank them, as dis
ease killer. In its own way, it adds up to
heartening proof that mans genius, though
often harnessed to the job of devising in
struments of death, still manages to find
enough time to work on the side of life.
Evening star., 1949-03-30
New Wonder DRUG

Although several of its possibilities re-
main to be determined, the artificial pro-
duction of chloromycetin seems likely to
enter medical history as one of the more
important of mans achievements in his
long fight against virus diseases
At any rate, in the opinion OF its chlef
developer-Parke, Davis and Company OF
Detroit-this newest of synthetic wonder"
drugs, both in its promise and In its tested
performance to date, has all the earmarkS
of being health weapon of extraordinary
significance and power. Moreover. the
Army Surgeon Generals Office, which has
used it with good results, apparently feels
the same way.
Like penicillin and streptomycin, chloro-
mycetin belongs to the family of antibiot-
les that are derived from living molds
Heretofore except for extremely small
quantities of penicillin - these disease
fighters have resisted all efforts to make
them synthetically. But now, for the first
time in history, science has succeeded IN
artifcally producing one of them-chloro-
mvcetin ON a large scale from readily
available raw materials.
What this means wholly apart from its
sienifcance as milestone in chemistry, Is
that the medical profession now will have
an abundant supply of new drug that has
shown every evidence-like the nonsyn-
thetic aureomycin, whose supply is limited
of being highly effective against such
serious virus diseases as undulant fever,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus
and typhoid fever against which penlclllin
and streptomycin are powerless In our
own country where typhoid fever and
typhus constitute only negligible threat,
this news may not seem particularly
exciting, but If its implications have not
been exaggerated, it can lead to the near
future conquest of decimating plaques in
other parts of the world.
Further, Judging from tests with animals,
ehloromycetin shows promise of being ef-
fective against gangrene, whooping cough,
virus pneumonia, psittacosis, and certain
forms of intestinal infections. Finally
Evening star., 1949-03-30

and fundamental principles upon which our
Republic is founded are being overriden
Our Government is not q democracy but a
republic-a representative and constitutional
form of government in which the inalienable
rights Of the individual and of all men are
paramount to the exercise of governmental
authority. These rights the Government has
no right to invade or to abridge as long as
the citizen respects the equal rights of his
fellowmen. These inalienable rights existed
and were possessed by the individual under
God before human governments ever came
into existence, and no government has a
right to take them away, unless 1t is for the
commission of crime.
c. S. LONGACRE.
Evening star., 1949-03-30
Delay Has Been Costly

The action of the House yesterday mas
advanced District tax legislation to the
point it reached last June 8. On that day
1t passed q combination sales tax-income
tax bill very similar to the one approved
yesterday. The bill died, under threat OF
hlibuster, in the Senate.
In the intervening nine months there
have been a number of developments. A
prospective deficit became an actual deficit
A cost-of living pay increase for municipal
employes, comparable with the one ap-
proved for Federal employees, has been
withheld. An "austerity" budget presented
bv the Commissioners for the year begin
ming next July has been cut still furtner
by eliminating such basic essentials as
medical supplies for Gallinger Hospital.
And the city has been put back full year
In getting under way with Improvements
already authorized.
The delay has meant an increase IN the
amount of new taxes to be levied. Last
years income tax bill, as passed by the
House, began at $4,000. The one ap-
proved by the House yesterday begins at
$4,000. The bill passed yesterday adds
Is cents to the real estate tax rate, while
last years bill carried no increase. This
means that people will be paying next year
40 per cent more on the same piece OF
property than they paid in 4946. The
owners of incorporated businesses will pay
more and the liquor dealers will pay more
for their licenses.
In these circumstances the people OF
Washington have every right to demand
prompt decision in the Senate on the bill
approved by the House yesterday. For FUR
ther delay is going to prove even more
extensive. There are those in the Senate
who will oppose the sales tax again this
wear as they did last But If they are again
successful the responsibility Is on them
to provide not mere theoretical suostl-
tute, but one that will be approved IN
Congress and will produce the money
Mere opposition to the sales tax, without
producing successful substitute, will hurt
more people in the long run than it can
possibly benefit
As for the measures approved oy the
House yesterday, there is this to be said:
The combination sales tax and income tax
Is about as fair to everybody as any other
the $4,000 exemption, removes most OF the
highly discriminatory features OF the tax
as levied up to this time In washington.
The sales tax will provide revenue sorely
needed for public improvements. More than
half the States now have this tax and 1t
has shown itself to be relatively painless
for those who pay it. The 15c increase IN
the real estate tax rate was evidently in
cluded as an expedient compromise. Other
wise, 1t cannot be defended because real
estate is paying more than its just share
now.
Everybody hates taxes, except those paid
by the other fellow. Washington is not
alone among the cities and States of the
country that have had to meet mounting
costs of local government. The bill passed
by the House yesterday was as good way
as any to do it.
Evening star., 1949-03-30

To the Editor Of The Star
Many Of the letters printed in your paper
are pitiable from the standpoint OF the
writer's lack of knowledge Of the real facts
involved.
wish to make specific reference to the
letter of Ann Rothschild on March IT. ex-
pressing her opinion of the court decision
barring Roman Catholic priests, nuns and
brothers from teaching in the public schools
and using the public schools. 1t is matter
of court record that non-Catholics were
forced to take instruction in the Roman
Catholic religion in order to graduate from
these schools over the objections OF the
parents of these children. The wishes and
Christian rights Of these Protestant parents
to bring up their children in the Protestant
Christian faith were totally disregarded by
the Roman Catholic officials. The nuns
taught Protestant children that 1t was sin
to 60 to a Protestant church.
Miss Rothschild begins her letter with the
false premise that the elimination Of the
Roman Catholic priests. nuns and brothers
from and the teaching Of the Roman re-
ligion in the public schools of New Mexico
fosters totalitarianism and exiles God.
Doesn't Ann know that the Roman Catholic
church is one of the most rigid systems OF
self-assured totalitarianism, politically and
religiously; that the Roman church is al
lleQ WIN ana makes SpcCIdI cl1Ol tS W OACoS
the actions, deeds and conduct of some Of
the worlds most vicious dictators. namely.
General Franco of Spain. Peron Of Argen-
tina. Salazar of Portugal, ETC.; that In all
OF these countries freedom of speech, press.
religion and conscience are forbidden and
suppressed just as ruthlessly as do the Rus
slams suppress these Christian rights; that
the Roman church allied itself with Hitler
and Mussolini for special favors granted the
Roman Catholic church and in return the
Roman Pope freely bestowed his so-called
blessings on these two dictators and their
regimes which murdered millions of men,
women and children; and that in all coun-
tries controlled by the Roman Catholic
church illiteracy is very high and social
progress almost completely stagnant?
Until the Roman Catholic church COM
pletely changes its attitude and becomes
tolerant of the Christian rights Of others.
Protestants and others must Of necessity
protect their rights and liberties as has
been done in the State of New Mexico.
PROTESTANT.
Evening star., 1949-03-30
We Are Mapping the World

One of the grave handicaps with which
our naval and military forces had to cope
during World War II was the dearth
OF reliable information on the physical
geography of many of the places marked
for invasion or attack. This was partic
ularly true of the Pacific theater, for
which data needed in our island-hopping
program we're appallingly sketchy and
inaccurate. That we have learned our
lesson is evidenced by Army Secretary
Royals disclosure of the comprehensive
mapping operations undertaken jointly
by the Army, Navy and Air Force since
the war.
It was not entirely the fault Of our
admittedly weak prewar intelligence setup
that Pearl Harbor caught us so ILL
informed regarding the Pacific islands,
the japanese mainland and other strategic
areas. Even If we had made real effort
to gain this vital knowledge, we would
have encountered the iron curtain which
the Japanese had drawn around the man
dated islands and around her own shores.
And prior to World War no organized
attempt to map the islands and chart
the waters around them had been made
by any one. Consequently, when our
forces began to plan their drive toward
Japan proper, the need for data on land
confguration, location of reefs and shoals,
availability of harbors and similar char
acteristics of intended targets became
most urgent. In this dilemma we were
forced to search libraries, study travel
reports and even appeal to private organ
izations and individuals for any pertinent
information in their possession.
The annual report of Secretary Royal
shows not only that the intelligence
machinery has been strengthened, but
that the fund OF information collected is
growing steadily. The Army alone now
has more than q million different maps
covering all parts of the globe, with
millions of extra copies available for
instant use. Most of them are of the
aerial photography type. During the past
year more than $4,000 square miles OF
foreign territory were photographed and
mapped and revisions we're made In maps
of an additional $4,000 square miles OF
areas previously covered.
All of this constitutes one of the more
important phases Of military prepared