davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-10-02

being built and planned which
make no provision for jet traf-
fic.
With jets, the operators an
ticipate a great expansion IN
the use of the aircraft for mail.
AS company managers with
their eyes on balance sheets
and not on visions in the
clouds, the airlines' delegates
set their resolutions to specific
and immediate problems which
they felt could and must be
tackled now. Even SO, their
conception Of what air serv-
ices should be seemed almost
ideal compared to what they
often are today.
The inconviences that pas
sengers must now face when
they fly from one country to
another, spending perhaps
two or three hours in the air
and two or three hours COM
plying with regulations on the
ground at each end, was part
Of the dusty bureaucracy" at
tackled by the operators as a
hindrance to their services.
Even more, they complained
about the narrow manner in
which commercial air agree
ments are now negotiated, and
the sometimes petty conditions
which result In less flying time
Evening star., 1949-10-02

who had released arrested ma
tionalist leaders and talked OF
more civil liberties for the Moroc-
cans, was replaced two years ago
by a military man, stern-faced
Gen. Alphonse JUN. who COM
mands all French troops in North
ern Africa.
Gen. Juin's firm attitude has
probably enabled the Sultan to
strengthen his own hold on in
ternal government. The Sultan
is an absolute monarch so far as
his own people are concerned. He
governs through a grand vizier,
though the French resident gen.
eral acts as his foreign and defense
minister. There is no parlia-
ment-elected officials.
Spiritual as well as temporal
leader, the 3S-year-old Sultan
traces descent from the Alaouite
dynasty. which has ruled for three
centuries. He has adapted him
self to modern conditions since
he came to the throne in 1927.
Morocco, about the size Of Cali
fornia, is divided into three parts.
Mohammed v, in theory. rules 1t
all, but his power is controlled in
the south by the French, in the
north by the Spanish and in the
northwest corner by an interna-
tional administration represent
ing nine foreign powers.
Evening star., 1949-10-02

wants complete equality of rights
for all, urging an independent re-
public of Algiers which would con-
tinue close relations with France.
Fiercely-mustached, 68-year-old
Sidi Mohammed al-Amin, the
Bey of Tunis, was unpopular at the
start because he was considered
too easy-going with the French
Recently he has shown a SITTER
attitude in his dealings with
French Resident General Jean
Mons. Now nationalists are be-
ginning to rally around him.
Both nationalists parties-Old
Destor (Old Constitution) and
Neo-Destorien (New Constitution
alists)-are officially banned by
the French. The original Destor
Party was founded in 1919. to
seek an end to the protectorate
and achieve Tunisian independ-
ence. The party split in 1885 on
a question of tactics, with the
younger. more aggressive members
forming thu Neo- -Destorian group
8 Recently the two groups have
tried to CO. ordinate their actions
Their broad aims include COM
plete independence SO that they
could adhere to the Arab League
as sovereign state. become q
member Of the United Nations
and have a seat at the peace con-
ference.
(Distrihuted nv the Associated prexso
Evening star., 1949-10-02
By Flora Lewis

for each plane and thus lower
revenue and higher costs.
Under present circum-
stances the companies seemed
to find no way to an all round
reduction of fares, the main
obstacle between the great
mass of travellers apd the wait
ing planes. But they have sug-
gestions which they felt would
in time bring this about.
Expansion Of mail services
was one of them. They felt
that the more they carried the
less, eventually, would be the
need for Government subsidies
to help to pay the surcharge.
A more direct plan, which
aims also at popularizing air
travel, is the introduction Of
package tours" 49,.
The airlines, all of which
were regular operators, COM
planned about the compete,
ton from non-scheduled lines,
which, some delegates alleged,
SKINNED the cream" Of busi-
ness during heavy seasons
without being obliged to oper-
ate in lean times or over un-
popular routes. They felt that
only Britain and Canada,
where charter companies have
almost no scope, have salts
factory regulations. On the
Evening star., 1949-10-02


ury service, the worlds air.
lines are now trying to trans
form themselves into any mans
way of travel. But they are
still a long way from that goal.
Costs form the main barrier.
but Government red tape, cur
rency restrictions and obsolete
regulations also hamper the
great expansion necessary to
put air fleets at the service OF
any traveller and any mail.
These were the conclusions OF
10 airlines from 40 nations rep
resented at the international
Air Transport Associa tion
meeting here.
The airlines resolved to try to
influence their home govern
ments into bringing air agree
ments and facilities up to date.
They lock for help from jet
planes, which, although more
expensive to operate than those
now in use, can make at least
twice as many trips in the same
time and so. in the end, reduce
costs and increase services.
Delegates were concerned at
the lack of foresight which
people connected with aviation
are, showing about jet planes.
They expected that within 10
years jets would be In regular
use, and yet airports are. still
Evening star., 1949-10-02
By Godfrey Anderson

The Caliph Of Tetuan, a dis
tant relative of the Sultan, has a
special role in Spanish Morocco.
Since the Sultan always remains
in the French protectorate, the
Spanish have been trying to build
up Tetuan's Caliph as minor Sui
tan for their zone. This division
of governmental spheres has
forced the nationalists to adopt
different leaders for each zone
Largest and most aggressive ma
tionalist party in Morocco is the
Istiqlal or Independence Party.
Algeria is the hot spot of Arab
nationalism in French North
Africa. Here the drive for inde-
pendence from France poses great
er problems than in either Moroc-
CO or Tunisia. Algeria was won
by French military conquest in
1880. Today it is regarded by
Paris as three French departments
of metropolitan France. To coun-
ter internal strife and separatist
propaganda, President Vincent
Auriol toured Algeria recently.
making countless speeches urg-
ing unity.
The leading nationalist party Is
the UDMA (Union Democratique
du Manifesto Algerien) whose
secretary general and dynamic
leader is F'erhat Abbas. Abbas
Evening star., 1949-10-02
World Airlines Seek Universal L0w Fare Leuel

other hand, they recommended
measures which would improve
the competitive standing of
small but regular lines who
find their customers cannot af-
ford luxury services.
The conference resolved to
seek international agreement
among governments to estab-
lishment of differential rates.
These would benefit particu-
larly the Near and Middle East
ern lines. .:se---
American operators who have
begun a transcontinental "air-
coach service" which provides
no extras or special comforts
but charges the same, or only
a little more than the cheapest
rail fare. reported to the meet
ing that they found the expert
ment profitable.
This scheme aroused oppoS1-
ton from some delegates and
a majority Of the Traffic Com
mittee said that "austsrity
lines" caused considerable
losses" The operators pro-
posed instead to recommend to
Government authorities q re-
gional system Of setting rates
which would at least allow re-
ductions in single areas when
they become possible.
fcopyrisht, London Observer Foreisn
News Sefvice.)
Evening star., 1949-10-02
xMsdei1

RABAT (French Morocco) -
North Africa is suffering today the
growing pains of nationalism, and
the French and Spanish are feel
ing more than a few of the re-
sultant twinges.
Although outwardly the three
vast Moslem countries-Morocco
Algeria and Tunisia-are calm as
they have seldom been for so long
before, you don't have to look far
for undercurrents OF tension which
may one day burst to action.
The visit Of President Franklin
D. Roosevelt to French Morocco
for the Casablanca Conference OF
1943 and the invasion Of friendly
GIs and British troops acted like
a shot in the arm for tagging ma
tionalist sentiments.
Victory and the withdrawal OF
Allied troops left a certain dis
appointment their wake. To-
day nationalist leaders realize
their aspirations must be achieved
without aid-un1ess they make a
deal with the Communists. But
communism is not strong in North
Africa.
From the time Of President
Roosevelt's meeting with French
Morocco's Sultan Mohammed v. a
noticeable stiffening of the Sui
tan's attitude has been noted by
the French. Mild-mannered
Resident Gen. Erik Labonne,
Evening star., 1949-10-02
Trademarks
More fOrOil
By Fred J. Zusy

BAGHDAD, Iraq.-Hard hit
by Tightening economic pres
sure. oil-rich Iraq is attempt-
ing to raise its income from
oil royalties.
Iraq not only wants bigger
ROYALTIES. It also wants the
Iraq Petroleum Co.-the con-
cession holder-to increase its
production so bigger royalties
will apply to a greater tonnage.
Iraq's income from oil now
amounts to about $10,000.000
yearly. Finance Minister Khalil
said Irac hopes to increase this
to $50, 100000 by 1858.
This means increasing pro-
duction from 100000 tons q
year to something like 25,000,-
900 tons. It also means increas-
ing royalties by so per cent.
One phase Of the production
question involves the Haifa
refinery in Jewish Israel. At
the start of the Palestine war,
Iraq closed down the 620-mile
12-inch pipeline from Kirkuk,
which supplied the Haifa re-
finery. The Iraq government
has refused requests by the
petroleum company and the
British government to reopen
it. A parallel, nearly COM
pleted 16-inch line Is also
affected by this decision.
Another factor involved Is
Iraq's insistence that IPC pro-
ceed as soon as possible with
q proposed new 30-inch line
from Kirkuk to a Syrian port
on the Mediterranean.
Tied in with this is a pro-
posal by Middle East Pipelines
Co. to build q 1,000-mile So
inch line from the Anglo
Iranian Oil Co. fields in Iran to
the Mediterranean.
Some oil experts here believe
reserves are the greatest in the
world. One giant underground
pool at Kirkuk is so miles long
and from / to 2 miles wide.
Iraq is losing about $5,000..
900 yearly in royalties by keep.
ing the Haifa line closed. OBJ
servers say the government,
even II it wished, would not
dare reopen the line because Of
certain popular reaction.
distributed By the associated Pressl
Evening star., 1949-10-02

some day DeneTlt most. once sup
porting a population in the neigh
borhood of 100000, it now has
under 100000. Probably fewer
than 5000 refugees are in the
country. With both the Euphrates
and Tigris flowing the length OF
Iraq and with a wealth of oil. the
country once again might ap-
proach the Garden of Eden level
Of well-being if statesmanlike
acceptance of long-range PLAN
ming comes into force.
Arab Palestine presents the
most acute emergency problem,
with more than half of the esti-
mated 100000 to 100000 refugees
crowded INFO an area presently
lacking in political identity. The
United Nations RELIEF Committee.
aided by the American Friends
Society, has been carrying most OF
the burden of providing for these
refugees.
Lebanon, already crowded pop
ulation-wise, is not expected to
provide a permanent haven for
many of the displaced, but the
Lebanese government has indicat-
ed a most cooperative attitude
toward the mission and its con-
siderable potentialities will be in
tegrated into the long-range pic
ture. Egypt, likewise, is near
normal expectancy in population.
although prospects for increased
industrialization in that country
could bring increased economic
good health and maintain it in its
position of Middle East leadership.
Lebanon Cooperative
Saudi Arabia, relatively remote
from the refugee concentration.
is undergoing a great development
of it's own, largely through the
production of it's great oil reserves.
The whole Middle East oil de-
velopment, principally British and
American, Is certain to play a
large part in improving the eco
nomic climate. A five-year pro-
gram of the numerous companies
involved, already in its beginning.
involves capital expenditures OF
about $1,000, 100000 and the va
rio,,s portions of this will likewise
be integrated into the broad con-
ception Of the U. N. mission.
The financing prospects for this
| experiment call for several CO.
operative actions. Private f1nanc-
ing. such as the oil-development
plans mentioned above. provides
one channel of funds. The Inter-
national Bank and the United
States Export Import Bank con-
stitute a second source. United
Nations assistance, already pro-
posed by Secretary General Trygve
Lie on a global scale Of $50, ,000. 900
during a two-year period. is ex-
pected. The affected Middle East
countries should provide some OF
the funds and there is a justiflable
expectancy that reparations Tor
displacement of people and conf1s-
cation of property will be ex-
tracted from Israel.
With reference to Israel, Incl
dentally, it is not contemplated by
supporters of the U. N. mission
that any broad Middle East pro-
gram will overlook the obligation
of the new state to readmit sub
stantial number of the displaced
persons and to accept a share IN
the task of establishing a sound
base for the economic revitaliza-
ton of the entire area.
Evening star., 1949-10-02
tuberculosis
!. Deaths Drop
By Alton [. BlokesIee

NEW YORK.-Tuberculosis
has been cheated OF 5000 900
American lives since 1900.
AS a killer disease 1t is slowly
being beaten back and brought
under control. The death rate
last year. was the lowest in
United States history.
& But the germ Is dangerous
still and may be expanding in
another way. There are actual
" more new cases found each
year than in past years.
At the start of the century,
tuberculosis killed 202 out Of
every 100000 people. In 1s4S.
it killed 80 out of every 100, 900.
If the 1900 death rate had
continued the disease would
have taken the lives Of 5000. 900
{ more Americans than 1t did.
In 1947 there were $4,000
new cases reported. In 194S
there were 145, 900, an increase
j. of 8 per cent. The number
Of new cases in 1947 was 50
per cent higher than that in
1910.
Why? Part Of the increase
is due to more efficiency and
speed in finding people who
have it and may not even sus-
pect it. It is estimated that
100000 Americans now have
the disease, but only about half
Of them are known to health
authorities.
Il X-ray surveys Of the chest,
carried on IN many cities, are
Zone big aid. The chances Of
recovery are far better when
the disease Is found early.
Just studying the death rate
Is not q good way Of learning
n how serious tuberculosis Is In
your community. say DR.. Her
. bert r. Edwards, executive
,adirector, and Godias j. Drolet,
statistician Of the New York
or Tuberculosis and Health Assoc
ciation.
"The number Of known, ac-
tive cases is the proper basis
1for estimating required facil-
; ities," they concluded after q
study OF Nationwide figures.
Hospital beds are needed for
those stricken, and not for the
dead" 4
distributed by the Associated Press.)
Evening star., 1949-10-02

labor ana civil rlgntS issues. Lay
men. as well as lawyers, wonder
whether the justices or the case'
will do most to shape the history
of the coming session.
Appointment of former Attor'
ney General Tom c. Clark ane
of United States Court of Appeals
Judge Sherman Minton will cause
more than a shift in the seating
arrangement on the bench.
Observers eager to type" Mr.
Clark and Mr.. Minton may have
to reserve judgment. Justice Min.
ton, one of the New Deals mos
active advocates in the Senate
from 1885 to 1941. might surprise
people who knew him then. JUS
tice Clark might disqualify him.
self on some prime cases.
This could happen in several
antitrust law proceedings started
or pushed by the Justice Depart
ment during the last few years. Il
also might apply to suits attack
ing the Federal loyalty program
and to contempt Congress ac'
tions prosecuted while Mr.. Clark
served in the department.
Many Appeals Filed
Still other pending litigation
with which Mr.. Clark was directly
concerned as Attorney Genera
deals with efforts to obtain q
Supreme Court ruling that the
Federal Government has jurisdic-
ton over oil-rich submerged areas
off the coasts of Texas and
Louisiana.
The principal antitrust case
headed for the Supreme Court at
the moment is the appeal OF the
Atlantic g. Pacific Tea Co. from
1915 conviction on price-flxing
charges. The Seventh Circuit
Court of Appeals, of which Judge
Minton was a member, upheld
the conviction.
The Supreme Court, meanwhile,
has agreed to review claims by
the Government that the Yellow
Cab Co. conspired to restrain trade
and monopolize transportation OF
railroad passengers between sta
tions in Chicago.
The court also has been asked
to review a Federal Trade Com
mission finding that the Standard
OIL Co. violated the Robinson
Patman Act by reducing prices to
meet competition.
The Maryland and Virginia Milk
Producers Association Is up before
the Supreme Court again asking a
review of its contention that the
association was immune from in
dictment on price-f1xing charges
in the District under the Clayton
Act. the Capper- -Volstead Act and
the Agriculture Marketing Agree
ment Act.
Almost 400 appeals and motions
are on file as the new term begins
They cover a wide range of sub
jects and personages. Most o1
them request review of lower court
decisions or verdicts. Many o1
them may be denied or allowed
when the justices convene tomor-
row. Oral arguments will be
scheduled later for cases in which
review is granted.
Variety of Problems
Former Representative Andrew
j. May. wartime chairman of the
old House Military Affairs Com.
mittee: John l.. Lewis of the
United Mine Workers and Eugene
Evening star., 1949-10-02
Variety of Problems

Former Representative Andrew
j. May. wartime chairman of the
old House Military Affairs Com
mittee: John L. Lewis of the
United Mine Workers and Eugene
Evening star., 1949-10-02
U.N. Middle East Mission
May Find Global Pattern
Survey Group Has in Mind the Restoration of
Potentially Rich Areas Now Suffering
Technically and Financially
By John G. Henry

secret in Washington that the Of State
United Nations Economic Mission to the
Clapp only will accomplish
considerable that strategic of the world on
new pathway stability also will provide blue
applied other important undeveopd areas
Evening star., 1949-10-02
New Justices, Prime Cases
Confront Supreme Court
Important Antitrust, Labor and Civil Rights
Issues Among Many Cases to Come
Before Rearranged Bench
By Robert K. Welsh

most test confronting the Supreme Court for
beginning the tribunal itself
variation the ancient question whether event pri
mariy makes is made by leader.
adjouning last June the court has received two
highly controversial antitrust
Evening star., 1949-09-03

pastor of Beverly Hills Church.
Alexandria, Va, called a meeting
of those interested January 6,
1912. in the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
C. E. Bentley. l Chever1y Circle
Twenty-six persons attended.
On January 13 regular weekly
services were begun in the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. Donald H. Wells
1906 Belleview avenue. Twenty
persons signed the charter roll and
the name "Cheverly Community
Church" was taken. Within few
months 79 more persons added
their names to the roll. Eighty
one of the 80 early members are
still affiliated with the church,
which now has 375 members.
On January 20. 1912, John r.
Fletcher, Mr.. Bentley and Eric S.
Stearns were elected trustees.
Meetings at the Wells home
ended March II. 1912. and Sun
day evening services in the Ameri-
can Legion Hall in Cheverly were
started four days later.
Ground breaking ceremonies for
the present church were held April
S, 1912, with nearly 200 persons
present.
On February 7. 1943, the Rev.
Lewis A. Briner came as the first
full-time pastor. A native of
Lewistown, Pa, Mr.. Briner was
a graduate of Albright College,
Reading, Pa, and of Oberlin tPa.)
Theological Seminary. During his
pastorate, 1943 to March 4. 1945,
the congregation grew to 213
members. He left to enter the
Evening star., 1949-09-03

Robert w. Brooks, who has been
vacationing. will preach Sunday
morning on THE Kingdom Of God
on Earth" The Mems Brother
hood will be addressed by DR.. st.
Elmo Brady at 1915 am. on will
Politics or Religion Save Us?"
Cleveland Park Congregational
DIR. Alfred Hurst will preach at
IL am. on Job of Vacation.
Takoma Park Baptist-The Rev.
Herbert Bacaum. jr.. and his FAM
lily have returned from vacation.
He will preach tomorrow.
Hamline Methodist-The Rev.
Larman Sherwood, blind minister
from Rotterdam Junction. N. Y.
will preach at II am. on "Our
Priceless Heritage The young
people will meet at Z pm. at the
home of Leslie Ontrich, 1874
Taylor street NV.
Mount Zion Methodist-TheR Rev.
j. D. Foy, who has returned from
a vacation, will preach at II am.
EldbroOke Methodist-Dr. F. P.
Harris and his family have re-
turned from a vacation. He will
preach at and II am.
/ Church of the Healing Christ
DR.. Grace Faus will open her new
church at 2460 Sixteenth street
NV, at II am. September II.
/ Abyssinian Institutional Baptist
The Sunday worship is changed
from 3 pm. to II am. The Rev.
Melvin Bullock will speak Sunday
on "A True God and Why He is
Called True to Some
Evening star., 1949-09-03
Charles Marin
: breaches Tomorrow
; AT the Cathedral

I. The Rev. Charles Martin. new
! ly appointed headmaster of St
! Albans School for Boys, will
! preach at Washington Cathedral
. tomorrow at II am.
. Canon Martin recently arrived
here with his wife and four chill
(. dren to take up residence at the
school. He comes from Burling-
ton, VT, where. since 1912 he has
been rector of St. Paul's Church.
Holy communion will be cele-
~,brated by the Rev. George j.
!. Cleaveland, canon librarian, at IL
. am.
. The Rev. Theodore o. Wedel
+. will be the celehrant at 7:30 am.
[: of holy communion service in St.
/. Johns Chapel, Canon Martin will
off1ciate at $50 am. in Bethlehem
/. Chapel.
/. Canon Cleaveland will be the
F.. preacher at p. m.
/. At 5 pm. there will be an organ
+. recital by T. Curtis Mayo, head
. of the Music Department, St.
!, Augustine's College, Raleigh, N. C.
Evening star., 1949-09-03
By Cospor Names

The Cheverly (Md) Community
Church is the only church in that
comparatively new suburban area
At present only the lower part
of the proposed edifice is built
This section, costing approx
mately 100000, was completed
in 1914. The first service was
held on October l that year
The structure, in addition to the
auditorium seating -225 persons
has a pastors study. kitchen anc
six Sunday school classrooms. Pau
Kea of Hyattsville is the architect
Future plans envisage liquida-
ton of the $4,000 church debt
by next spring. At that time
steps toward completion of the
sdifice will probably be taken.
These plans come out of an
original move at the annual con-
ference of the Central Pennsyl-
vania Conference of the Evan
gelical Church in 1941 to probe
prospects of starting a church in
the District area.
A committee consisting of DR..
A. F. Weaver, DR.. N. L. Hummel,
the Rev. G. C. Gabriel, the Rev.
G.. E. Schnabel and Bishop j. S.
Stamm surveyed the Washington
environs for a propitious spot to
establish a mission church.
The search ended with Cheverly
chosen. Mr.. Schnabel. pastor of
Albright Memorial Evangelical
United Brethren Church in Wash
ington, and the Rev. w. c. Basom,