davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Their Crime

AS apt a comment as any on the SEN
fencing of the eleven Communist leaders
can be found in the brilliant charge
Federal Judge Harold R. Medina gave
Some days ago to the jury that convicted
them The words bear repeating:
/ SO > These defendants had the right
to advocate by peaceful and lawful means
any and all changes in the laws and in
the Constitution; they had the right to
criticize the President of the United States
and the Congress; they had the right to
assert that World War II, prior to the
invasion of Russia by Germany, was an
unjust war, an imperialist war and that
upon such invasion 1t became just war
worthy of all material and moral support;
and they had the right publicly to express
these views orally and in writing. They
had the right thus to assert that the
Government was at all times exploiting
the poor and worthy workers for the
benefit of the trusts and monopolies.
"They had a right thus to assert that
what they call the democracy Of Russia
Is superior in all respects to American
democracy. They had right thus to
mistake, that billions of dollars should
be loaned to Russia and that legislation
adversely affecting Communists should
not be passed Unless a minority
had a right to express and to advocate
its views, the democratic process as we
understand it here in America would
cease to exist = ="
But though they had all these and
similar rights-the like of which is un-
known in Russia-they did not have the
right to break the law against criminal
conspiracy to teach and advocate action
for the overthrow or destruction of our
an extraordinarily long trial, during
which they had every conceivable oppor-
tunity to defend themselves, jury of
their peers found them guilty of that
crime after viewing visible evidence and
hearing millions of words of testimony
And so now the eleven have been SEN
fenced accordingly-not because they have
been leaders of the Communist Party,
which is still legal in this country; not
because of being members of that party,
which is as yet no crime here; not because
of open revolutionary preachments, which
are not outlawed among us; but because of
secretly conspiring, in violation Of specific
law, to promote the violent overthrow of
the United States Government.
The judgment, however, is not final
They will appeal now to the higher courts.
That is another of their rights-to seek
a reversal, which is not inconceivable One
can only puzzle over the workings of
minds that would sweep away this type of
freedom and justice in order to transform
America into the image of the Red tyranny.
There seems to be kind of hideous mys-
ticism involved in the crime.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Yuqosluviu's Election

(; In electing Yugoslavia to the Security
Council, by the closest possible margin,
the United Nations General Assembly has
in effect rebuked the Soviet Union for its
semi-threatful effort-through Foreign
Minister Vishinsky-to force the accept
ance of satellite Czechoslovakia In effect,
too, the Assembly has given boost to
the rebellious Marshal Tito in his struggle
against the growing pressures of the
KremlinS Cominform
Both before and Immediately after the
election, Mr.. Vishinsky made clear Russia's
bitter opposition to Yugoslavia's seating as
a member of the Council. AS set forth in
his unusual press conference just prior to
the vote-and as repeated afterward in
other but not less emphatic language
his line of argument was that the u N.
Charter and established tradition,
gentlemen's agreement" provide that the
Councils temperament members should
be selected on strict geographical or bloc
basis, with candidates being chosen by
the remaining member nations of the
group or region.
Hence, according to MIR. Vishinsky,
Czechoslovakia, the candidate of Moscow
dominated Eastern Europe, had a pre-
scriptive right to the vacant place, where
as the Yugoslavs could not possibly be
regarded as acceptable. And he went on
to warn that If the "machinations" of
the "Anglo-American bloc" (actually,
Britain voted for the Czechs) resulted in
a majority for Yugoslavia, the Kremlin
would not recognize the election as "either
lawful or just . . The Soviet Union
never has and never will reconcile itself
to violations Of the Charter"
Never" Is a big word in diplomacy
It conjures up what Mr.. Vishinsky him
self described as unpleasant complica-
tions and painful consequences" for the
U. N, although he sidestepped a query
from his prediction press audience as
to whether Russia would refuse to sit on
the Security Council beside Yugoslavia
by saying: ''The Soviet Union never tells
in advance what it is going to do" Yet
since the Assembly's vote is blow to
the Kremlin's prestige, it is predictable
that the Russians will be at least tempted
to try vigorous counteraction of some kind.
AS for the position taken by the United
States which openly backed the Yugoslav
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Americans Urged to Recognize
Importance of Antarctic Regions

Importance of Antarctic Regions
To the Editor Of The Star:
The most important news story of October
l3 and maybe the most important one of
1949 was Admiral Byrd's report that Russians
have been exploring with ships and planes
in Antarctic regions.
Now, it is a well-known fact that Russians
are much more familiar with Arctic living
than Americans are. 1t follows that they are
probably able and willing to colonize Ant
arctica-with slave labor Why don't we pol
ish up our initiative and colonize Antarctica
with free men and women supplied with ma
terial comforts and luxuries by free enter
prise? Why not? Neither the Americans
nor Western Europeans have yet permanent
ly settled on this siX-million- square mile
continent at the South Pole. The Little
America campsite has been populated for
periods of about one years duration by small
groups of courageous United States men un-
der difficult conditions. There are no occu-
pants Of Little America now, unless it be Rus
slams. We do not even know. And the United
States Navy's expedition all set to go there
was recently cancelled for economic rea-
sons" The short-sightedness of such deci-
sion is most regrettable. If we do not stand
up at this point in history and proclaim our
ownership of and plans for certain Antarctic
territory then we as a people, as a Nation.
may have this year marked the turning point
toward decline.
ELIZABETH A. KENDALL.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Wonders II Public Interest
Is Considered In Work Shutdown
To the Editor Of The star.

Wonders II Public Interest
Is Considered In Work Shutdown .
To the Editor Of The star: .
Page the boy from Athens who sought the
truth.
Surely when the lions and the lambs sit
in blissfu1 peace, as evidenced by the COM
placent attitude Of the three-day week coal
mining vacation" with both management
and labor anxiously watching the top Of
the ground coal piles. and the past furied
buying Of steel anticipatory to steel strike,
and the current daily illogical paid advertis-
ing and propaganda both by labor and man
agement in Steel there is faint suspicion
Of meeting Of the minds inimical to the
public interest.
One wonders if there is not hold or
raise the price" objective by mutual consent
that best serves an understanding minority
at the expense of the many.
B. E. CAssoU.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
How Two Pedestrians Feel
Toward Offending Drivers.

1OW3FQ OUcnulnS DEVcISs
To the Editor Of The Star:
According to The Star, the courts are
still fussing with bus driver who is accused
of not giving pedestrian the right of way.
In this particular case. a man was killed
There's something screwy about setup that
clamps down on one offender and allows
thousands of others guilty of the same Of
fense to 60 scot-ffee.
II this man goes to Jail, sizeable number
OF Washington's drivers should go with him.
They haven't killed anybody yet but they are
just as dangerous.
I've been crossing Washington streets for
four years and in situations in which the
drivers and I shared the green lights,
have rarely been given the right of way. In
almost every case, the driver going around
a corner on my side Of the street maintained
a high speed and leaned on his horn or
cursed at me II dared to take one step
forward.
For some reason or other. the law applies
only after someone has been killed.
KENNETH M. SCOLLON.
Evening star., 1949-10-22

democracies everywhere, before white pa
pers" become necessary to rationalize our
failures, are prime among the avenues open
to peace.
Let us reflect as we prepare for war that
our manner Of settling difficulties and dis
putes places us on level with the lowest
vertebrates, that 1t excels theirs only in
efficiency and intensity, springing from the
same lust to kill and conquer. Every step
beyond this instinct advances our society
nearer to the human goal.
In war there is no victory. The conqueror
possesses a Wasteland.
KENNETH PAUL SULLIVAN
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
,Driter, although it is permissible for
1Ortter kno,on to The Star to use
q NON, de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Ultimate Inadequacy Of War
Held Challenge to Mankind
TO the Editor Of The Star:

Held Challenge to Mankind
TO the Editor Of The Star:
In an atmosphere of inter-service dis
agreement and preparation for what many
Of us glibly refer to as "the next war" the
teaching Of an ancient Greek philosopher
has frightful application.
War" Heraclitus suggested. us the father
Of all and the king of all, and some he has
made gods and some men, some bond and
some free. -" Moreover. continued the
Ephesian. greater deaths win greater por-
tions" -
The most competent jurist could not sue
cessfully maintain that our concept Of battle
In the philosophers dictum. War remains
our principle means Of settling major dis
putes. Only q magnificent few. like Gandhi
In his "soul-force" possess the courage to
suggest the ultimate inadequacy of armed
conflict.
Curious, is it not. that as our protocol
becomes more subtle, our diplomats more
learned and our Senators less confined in
perspective, our hearts are no less black.
In humaneness few Of us have progressed
much further than the Java Man. We
find it difficult to minimize or refute the
proposal that the biggest fist directed to
the fairest brow must finally triumph. Our
morality plays handmaiden TO- politics, local
and universal. Intelligent thoughtful men
are subordinated to vulgar opportunists.
Meanwhile. thoughtful men demand
statesman who can disregard the farm vote,
log-rolling and private receptions long
enough to confront the serious issue of
human advancement, leader who will
speak less as an ambitious demagogue and
more as sober legislator with that wisdom
born of knowledge, unafraid Of idealism, in
sensible to weakness, and willing to bring
the fruit Of mans experience to bear upon
mans future.
Adequate, commanding spokesmen in u. N.
assemblies, increased student exchange, and
. fearless American support Of genuine
Evening star., 1949-10-22

Canasta, with its wonderfully chaotic
rules, is break for the old-line poker
crowd. Seems it has drained off that
element that was for making everything
wild but the ace.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
BY THE HAsKyN SERVICE


O. In which State are there most civilian
aircraft?-G D. o.
A. California leads the Nation in num-
ber of civilian aircraft. being considerably
ahead Of Texas, the second ranking State.
Q. How many popular votes did the Pro.
hibition candidate receive in the last presi-
Dental election?-M. H. A.
A. DR. Claude A. Watson of Los Angeles.
the Prohibition candidate for President in
1948, received 103,216 popular votes.
@. How much does water expand when it
freezes? D. NICK.
A. When water passes from the liquid
to the solid state it expands to an amount
of about I'LL of its volume: that is, one
volume of water forms 10908 volumes of ice.
@. Are there at present many small one
teacher schools In the rural areas of the
United States?-K. L. E.
A. There are at present fewer than 10000
one-teacher. schools. Although one-teacher
schools represent IS per cent of all schools
in the country, only 5 per cent of children
attend them.
O. Please explain what is meant by tho
term wat dyed in reference to textiles
G. F.
A. The term designates any material that
has been dyed with vat dyes, and Is widely
used to imply excellent color fastness Vat
dyes are an important class of dyes which
are expensive in their first cost and in ap-
plication, but justify themselves because
Of fastness to washing, alkalis, mercerization
and bleaching. wat" refers to the large
vessel used to hold the liquors for dyeing,
also to the liquors containing the dyes.
Evening star., 1949-10-22

In California plaintiffs claim to be
the sole owner of laugh like wood
pecker's is thrown out of court. Our
feathered friends may therefore resume
Evening star., 1949-10-22
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor OF The star:
Thank you for printing Vera E. Adams
letter on police leniency with careless drivers
It is as much as our lives are worth to cross
the street at Connecticut avenue and Porter
street in the evening after getting off bus
going north. We used to have a policeman
at that crossing.
MRS. ELIZABETH TALLY.
Evening star., 1949-10-22

China being China. the new, high
minded saviors find the shedding every
bit as tough as did the old percentage
crowd that MIXED the property.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Questions and Answers

reader can get the answer to any question
of fact by writing The Eyenins Star Information
Bureau. 316 Eye st. ne, Washington Q .. c.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
"Spray the Flies" Campaign
Begins At Kimball School.

Begins At Kimball School.
To the Editor Of The Star:
All our lives we've been told to swat the
fly; that flies feed on filth and that filth
breeds disease. We've done our best to keep
our homes dirt and germ-free and especially
fy-free. Our children are given regular
health check-ups, their teeth are watched
for signs Of decay. eye and hearing tests are
made and they are given vaccines and booster
shots to protect their health. But what hap
pens? We send them to f1y-infested schools
where they spend Is hours week No public
school in the District OF Columbia is equipped
with. screens
At klmball Elementary School (the school
OF which we have first-hand knowledge) flies
hit IN and out breed and spread germs at
will They crawl on hair, clothes and faces,
desks and work while our children try to con-
centrate on learning The teachers and chill
dren who must eat lunch at school have a
daily battle-to choke down their food before
the flies ruin it. The pests are not only dirt
and germ carriers-they are also the most
annoying insects in the world. Furthermore,
they have never been ruled out by research
as possible spreaders of the dread polio virus.
The principal Of Kimball School, and no
doubt principals OF other schools. and men,
bers OF the PTA Health Committee, have
tried time and again to have the Health De-
partment spray the buildings The Health
Department has sent an investigator out
many times but they have yet to do any
spraying. At first it was on the grounds that
the fertilizer used on the lawns was causing
the flies to arrive in droves; then that some
nearby riding stables were the culprits and
now. that those two causes no longer exist,
just because it wouldn't do any good-we are
too far out from town. (We are we'll within
the District linits)
We live in a temperate climate and have
flies with us the greater part of the year.
So the excuse that school is closed during
fly season is not valid. 1t may not be possible
to redesign schools overnight to permit the
use OF screens. However the new buildings
now under construction are screenless too
The principal Of Kimball School has, out
OF her own pocket. provided an insectcide
with which the custodian sprays frequently.
However, what the building needs immedi-
ately is thorough fumigation that would
penetrate places no mere hand-operated spray
could hope to reach. Let's make this matter
public and If enough people feel as we at
Kimba1l do perhaps something may be done
about it.
DORIS BURRrTT, DORA JACOBS
HELEN WILSON. ALBERTA MOsLER.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
Sees Betrayal BY Israel
OF Middle East Jews


To the Editor Of The Star:
The Sunday Star reported tpage AZ, col.
y that Iraq has proposed to exchange 1O0,-
900 Jews domiciled for many years in Bagh-
dad for 100000 Arab refugees from Palestine.
This is the first time have seen an Amer
lcan newspaper courageous enough to hint
at the disaster which the Israelis are pre-
pairing heartlessly for their co-religionists
in the Near East and Africa
I have recently spent six months in Tur-
key, during which time toured most of the
Arab capitals and talked with leading Arab
officials. They are keeping quiet, in the
faint hope that the U. N. will insist on Israel
obeying the world authority in staying
within her borders allotted by the U. N. in
repatriating such Arab exiles as wish to re-
turn to their homes and compensating the
others. Failing this, the Arab governments
have decided to play their trump card of
giving to Arab refugees person for person,
the home and property of Jews long estab-
lished in Arab lands. Arab refugees will
not be allowed to starve If deprived of the
mercy Of Israel and the U. N! They will
replace the 100000 Jews In Arab cities who.
after all, have been told that their national
home is Israel
TheIsraelis are disdainful Of the effort to
restrain them from expansion. in the name
OF peace and American prestige in the Near
East But they do not advertise the disaster
they are preparing for their co-religionists
in the Near East who have lived peacefully
with Arabs for centuries. It would be a
gross injustice to dispossess and uproot
these Jewish communities (none of which is
pro-zionist; all Of which. like the majority
Of American Jews want to continue as 1909
citizens Of the land In which they live0 But
the injustice would be merely the Mosaic
eye-for-an-eye. evoked by the equally mass
eviction from Palestine of Arabs who have
lived there peacefully for 800 years. The
refugees would receive homes and consid-
cradle property. while Israel would receive
half million penniless Jews to add to the
national economy Of Israel
Israel is now state, and every one hopes
she may prosper now and live. at long last.
on her own resources But II we want any
kind Of peace In the Near East, let us hope
that the U. NJ will insist on Israel returning
to her allotted borders. repatriating the ma
tives who lived there. and learning to deal
justly with her neighbor nations. She won
the shooting war by virtue OF an effective
embargo on arms to Arabs while Israel re-
ceived without stint. arms, armored cars and
fighter planes mostly from behind the Iron
Curtain. Now she is on her own. If she
stays on, and In. her own she can live In
prosperity and peace. But If she condemns
Near East Arabs and Jews alike to disaster
and homelessness II she continues insolently
to occupy Jerusalem and Nazareth in de-
fiance Of the u N Partition Plan and Of the
will Of Christendom. then she will have to
live in the midst Of hate, and face ultimate
moral and political bankruptcy
MARCO POLO, Jr.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
LYZABETH A. KENDALL,
No POsies Here
For Henry McLemore
To the Editor Of The Star:

No POSieS Here
For Henry McLemore
To the Editor of The Star:
The viewpoint expressed by Henry Nc
Lemore in his series Of articles from various
foreign countries is q good example of the
reason why many Americans are so unpopu-
lar In Europe and elsewhere.
Your correspondent has ssneered his way
across the world, not finding one good thing
to say about anyone or any place, with the
possible exception of Ireland. He is not con-
tent merely to laugh with other peoples but
must actually ridcule them and their Gus
toms. Mr. McLemore reminds me of some
Americans I encountered in England during
the war who were always loudly telling the
Englishmen what backward country Eng
land was and how much better the United
States was.
what is more. his articles are full of mac
curacies. In the column from Dublin he tells
us that none of Englands colonies supported
her III the war. That. of course. is not true.
All lhe colonies" including the dominions,
or not to enter the war. supported England
at once. Contrary to Mr.. McLemore Ireland
has been independent for some time, is not
even member Of the Commonwealth, but
has found it advisable to cooperate with
the Commonwealth and has had delegates at
most of their meetings.
In my opinion these articles represent the
type of shallow thinking which makes for
international misunderstanding. Mr.. Nc
Lemore apparently thinks the only thing
that matters is the difference in plumbing.
RICHARD H. HAKINS.
Evening star., 1949-10-22
A Salute to T. RS "Brats"
For Setting a Good Example
To the Editor Of The Star.

To the Editor Of The Star:
A former employe of the White House tells
in his book Of Teddy Roosevelt's "brats'
AS subscriber Of The Star for so years.
have read Of sliding down stair rails racing
through the house. wild tossing of balls and
other childish antics Of his children
have read also Of the Children's Hour
when the family gathered to read and to
recite passages from the Bible. Awards were
given when earned.
Much has been written Of their social
political. professional and home lives, but
never once have I read Of hint of breath
of scandal
American stock. An example for modern
educators. ANONYMOUS.
, 1949-05-11

vircnment that they may be
happier more contented and
relieved Of distress. An indivi-
dual's mental health is meas
ured by his ability to shape his
environment, TO adjust TO life
as he has to face il. and TO do
so with a reasonable amount
of satisfaction. success. eff
cheney. and happiness" If an
Individual fails TO adjust sat-
isfactorilY to his environment.
he may be said to be mentally
i'll.
To forestall such ill-heaIth,
to prevent the tragedy Of the
insane and the neurotic is the
task of a mental hygiene pro-
gram. And because mental hy-
gienists have found that most
such tragedies have their roots
in childhood, mental hygiene
clinics direct most of their eff
forts towards helping child
rem. Our local mental hy-
GENE clinics will work along
these lines. They will work
with adults too, but the great
er portion Of their activities
will be centered around the
child, enlisting the help of
nurses, social workers, teach
ers, parents, and others whose
influences bear on the child,
to the end that the child
may be helped to become an
adult capable of adjusting to,
the demands of his environ
men.t with a reasonable
amount of satisfaction, success
efficiency, and happiness" q
@
, 1949-05-11
PUBLIC HEALTH
Helen c. Joseph

14SAen ~. SOSSPA
Health Educator for the v. L.
Department of Health, st. Thomas
Mental health or mental
hygiene is a term which is
being heard more and more
frequently whenever health
problems are discussed. Great
er significance is being given
to mental health as one of the
aspects of the total health Of
the Individual. This is true on
the international, the national,
and the local bases: The Inter
national Commission on
Health, representing ga ma
tions has stated that Health
is a state of physical, mental
and social well-being". Our
federal government has allott
ed funds under the National
Mental Health Act for the
training of mental health per
sonnet and for research in the
field of mental health. Our To-
cal government, through its
Department of Health, and
aided by the federal grants is
conduction mental hygiene
clinics and is employing train
ed personnel to work in and
along with these clinics.
Just what is the Importance
of this phase of health work?
What is the meaning Of men
tai health?
In the early days, the Term
mental hygiene meant cure
of the mentally diseased. To
day, with the development OF
a greater appreciation for the
preventive aspects of ill
health, the meaning of the
term has widened, and is now
thought Of in its broadest
sense. as; helping children &
adults to so deal with their en-
, 1949-05-11
Sole Of Milkinq Cows

Princesse Stock Estate offers
for sale 20 good milking cows,
many of them half or three
quarter Holstein imported
from Puerto Rico. Price from
$125 to $3.50.