davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-12-11
By Alexander R. George

Between 2 and 3 the next
morning the general awakened
Mrs. Washington and told her
he was sick and had had a
chill. However, he would not
let her get up to call a ser
want lest she take cold. At
sunrise Mrs. Washington asked
Lear to summon Dr.. James
Craik of Alexandria.
Washington said he wanted
Mr.. Rawlins. q Mount Vernon
overseer. to bleed him. Mean
while, Lear reports, a mixture
Of lnolasses. vinegar and butter
was prepared Ito try its effect"
on Washington's throat but
''he could not swallow a drop
and almost suffocated."
When Rawlins came in the
general noticed he was agitated
and said, Don't be afraid"
After the incision was made in
his arm Washington comment
ed, 1.-THE orifice is not large
enough"
, Lear. says that Mrs. Wash
ington begged that not much
blood be taken from him and
asked Lear to stop 1t but that
the general put up his hand
and said, More, moae."
Evening star., 1949-12-11

pean Union established under the
Brussels pact, the Council OF
Europe at Strasbourg, the Organ
ization for European Economic
Cooperation created as part of
the European Recovery Program
and the structure provided for by
the North Atlantic treaty.
Two lesser organizations have
also begun to take shape which
are intended to fit later into some
larger NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS." the
proposed economic union of Bel
GUM, Holland and Luxembourg
and the planned economic union
Of France and Italy.
No two of these organizations
have the same purpose or the
same membership. What is more
serious, no one of them is making
effective progress toward real
unif1cation among the nations
which belong to 1t.
Some of those who view this
whole prospect with alarm blame
Evening star., 1949-12-11

carrying an ak. BY now we
knew that we were outside the
village Of Kokovie. half q mile
inside the Albanian border. We
had obviously underestimated
our speed through the forest.
We calculated that there was
no danger in trying to talk to.
the villager when he came near
us. We were nearer the bor-
der than he was near his viii
lage, and if he tried to sum-
mon help, we could be safely
back inside Greece before AL
banian troops could reach the
forest. So we waited.
I'm afraid we must have
startled the peasant when we
suddenly appeared from behind
the bushes, just as he entered
the wood. He made no at
tempt to use his ak or shout.
and just stood there speech
less. playing nervously with the
bride of his donkey. We spoke
Greek to him and he didn't
answer, and then l tried Ro-
manian. There are some
Vlachs in that area, who orig
Evening star., 1949-12-11

"join Montgomery's Club"-that
Is, the Brussels pact organization
or that organization Is to- form
part of the larger grouping to be
created under the North Atlantic
treaty.
Military agreements are, in any,
event, of doubtful value without
political and economic strength
and understandings to back them
up, both soldiers and civilians
agree. Everything depends on
the ability and willingness Of the
democracies to work together" !"
one of Europe's most distinguished
soldiers says. Neither political
nor economic understandings have
been achieved in any very i'm
pressive measure. however.
Apart from regional agencies of
the United Nations, there are at
least four major organs of general
European cooperation. in two Of
which the United States plays a
major part-the Western Euro
Evening star., 1949-12-11

been prosperous, they point out,
only when its own foreign trade
has been high.
In prewar years, from 1886
to 1898, we bought from Mar
shall Plan countries about $500
million a year in imports. This
amounted to seven-eighths OF
/ per cent of the gross national
productive market value OF
the goods we produced.
During the first six months
of 1949 imports from these
countries were less than half
the prewar average-three-
tenths of l per cent OF the
gross national product. Europe's
exports were coming to our
shores at an annual rate OF
5000, 100000.
To finance essential imports
from the United States, West
ern European countries must at
least double their exports by
1852. "The problem is Eu-
rope's." says ECA. Can her
Evening star., 1949-12-11
By Dovid A. Stein

producers turn out the type of
goods that will sell in United
States markets?"
Closing the dollar gap would
raise living standards here and
abroad. The United States can
take at least the same propor-
ton of the products it needs
that it has taken in the past,
ECA experts point out. And
the dollars Europe would get
from foreign trade would main
tain our own export markets
and help to build our stock
piles of essential raw materials.
If Europe were to close the
dollar gap by purchasing less
from us, the result would be
to damage American export in
dustries, cause world trade to
stagnate and hamper Amefi-
can efforts in maintaining cor
dial international relations.
Western Europe's increased
sales to the United States are
most likely to come from in
Evening star., 1949-12-11
or the statesmen have gotten with

or the statesmen have gotten with
theirs. ...- s.,t. -
Some civilian officials are far
from enthusiastic about even this
phase of unification. however:
It's always easier to cooperate in
waging a war than it is in waging
q peace, these officials say. Sol
diers have much more expert
ence in their field Of joint action:
they've been operating military
alliances for hundreds-or thou
sands-of years.
Even so, Europe's soldiers haven't
yet been able to agree on some OF
the most important issues which
must be decided before the Vests
armed forces can cooperate, ef-
fectively. The British and French
are far from seeing eye to eye on
either the command or the STRAIT
egy OF the Brussels pact forces.
and the American and British
have not yet settled the question
whether the United States is to
Evening star., 1949-12-11

peasant carried in a quart
leather bottle. The two Alba
mans shared our breakfast Of
SPAN and biscuits, and after
we had handed over one gold
sovereign, and made the prom
Use of another, the village chief
decided to talk. This is his
story which was told under the
influence of the majors subtly
admiring questions and the
whisky, which made a formida-
BILE mixture with the "tsi-
pouro."
His name was Vassili Nastos.
He was a warrant officer in
charge of the frontier post at
Kakavia and he was security
officer of the area. He be-
longed, he proudly declared, to
the DMP (the Albanian ver-
sion of the Russian secret po-
lice) and he was party
member. Party members, espe-
cially those in the DMP. lived
well, he said. They had good
pay, were clothed and had au-
thority. No. they were not
lonely: they had the pick Of
the women in the villages.
Estates Broken Up
How about food in the vii
lagos? Well, there wasn't much.
Still, a top manual worker re-
ceived two pounds of bread q
day, two teaspoonfuls of sugar
every three days and six ounces
of oil a month. He also got
100 lexis a day. What could
he buy with the 100 lexis?
Not much, the merchants pre-
ferred barter and oyercharged
when one offered lexis. They
wanted 500 lexis for a cup Of
coffee. Still, things were
bound to improve, vassili
thought.
The big estates were being
broken up. Dime Yanno. who
had 5000 sheep, was forced to
"disgorge" his ill-gotten gains.
He had to give up all but 100
sheep. 20 goats, 5 mules and
/ mare. His family had been
putting on airs for years. Now
they would have to work, and
old Dime would have to stop
having children-he'd had 20
by his four wives. Who got the
s,leep Of Dime Yarno? Well.
they were taken north and it
was not known who exactly got
them. Still, Yanno and men
(See DEANE, Page C-o.)
Evening star., 1949-12-11

some difficulty in following.
The major asked some ques-
tions and I translated them,
but our friend was not very
sure of his answers.
Then the major offered him
a packet of cigarettes and asked
me to promise him a whole
carton if he brought the village
chief to meet us on top. OF a
hill overlooking our present
position. That hilltop had many
advantages. It was right on
the frontier and it commanded
a view of the village, so we
could see whether the chief
Evening star., 1949-12-11
BY Philip Deone

ATHENS.-At 8 o'clock on a
November evening I left my
inn at Delvinaki. in the COM
pany of a major serving with
the American intelligence group
in Greece. to go and reconnoi-
ter the Greek albanian border.
We drove off alone-having
evaded our driver and the US
ual escort-because the Greek
military authorities did not
know of our venture. II
they had known they would
have stopped us. @
Less than a mile from the
Kanavia frontier post, we hid
our jeep under a clump OF
trees, and set of on foot to-
ward the border-with a map
and q compass.
Every now and then we
stopped and listened. We ran
three different types of dan
ger-Greek army patrols. guer-
rilla fugitives and land mines.
We avoided all three, and
achieved what we had set out
to do; we proved that it is i'm
possible to seal the Greek bor-
der, because of the rough ter
rain over which 1t runs. Twice
we heard patrols, but each time
there was a convenient ravine
or a well-positioned bunch of
bushes to hide in.
Cigarettes Helped
Around 2 o'clock in the
morning we entered the thick
chestnut forest that covers
both sides of the frontier.
There our troubles began.
Progress through the under
growth became SO laborious
that we lost all sense of dis
tance. The thorny bushes
seemed to pull at our legs, and
each yard seemed like a fur
long. We must have seriously
misjudged the distance We
covered, for as the sky became
lighter with the dawn, we
emerged from the forest in full
sight of q village. It was just
like the Greek villages we'd
seen. only its houses were not
burnt, and there were roofs on
them and panes in their win
dows. We retreated hastily
into the wood, and took turns
at watching the village waking
through the majors powerful
glasses
Soon, q man started toward
us, leading . small donkey fnd
Evening star., 1949-12-11
The Same Old Pre-War
Set-Up Beginning
to Take Shape
By'WoIIoce R. Deuel.

The drive to unity Europe Is
begging down. and major new
effort probably will have to be
made to set it in motion again
Despite soothing statements
from high-ranking sources, and
despite bright promises and early
hopes, and even some tentative
progress in the beginning, pretty
much the same old prewar Europe
Is being rebuilt.
This is the kind of a continent
that former Undersecretary OF
State Robert A. Lovett called a
fire. trap, a continent of separate,
rickety and highly inflammable
national sovereignties, economies
and military establishments.
Such a Europe cannot long en-
dure, Washington is convinced. It
will be too weak to survive, and
its weakness will be an almost IL
resistible temptation to the preda-
tory urges of the Soviet Union and,
therefore, a constant threat to the
peace and security of the United
States. as we'll as to those of
Europe itself.
Work Against Time
Responsible officials here are,
accordingly, trying to work out a
new approach to the problem of
rebuilding the continent as a more
unified structure.
The officials are working against
time. For one thing. the longer
unif1cation is put off, the harder
it will be to achieve, as Paul G..
Hoffman, administrator Of the
Economic Cooperation Admins
tration. has said. But officials
must meet a short-term deadline.
too, for they must be prepared to
outline their attitude toward Eu-
ropean unity before a subcommit-
tee of the Senate Committee on
Foreign Relations next month.
The subcommittee has been set
up. under the Craftsmanship of
Senator Ebert Thomas, Democrat,
Of Utah, to hold hearings on as
sorted resolutions submitted by
private organizations favoring one
sort and degree or another of
international unions. Senator
Thomas has notified the State De-
partment that he intends to open
his hearings in January and that
he will then call upon the depart
ment to state its views on the res
olutions before the subcommittee
and on the question of interna-
tional union in general.
There seem to be at least two
main causes for the breakdown OF
efforts to achieve European unity
since the war:
Indecision on Goal
On the one hand. neither the
United States nor Britain has yet
made UP its mind what it thinks
the final goal of European unif1ca-
ton should be-who should be in
cluded and what form unification
should take.
On the other hand, Britain and
the continental European powers
have failed to take the steps to-
ward greater unity which they
could take now. regardless Of what
form the program may take in
the end.
One school of thought here
argues that the United States
could and should bring much
greater pressure to bear on Europe
to unity than this country has
thus far done. Another school,
both here and abroad, thinks that
Washington Is asking for more
unif1cation sooner than Is feasible.
Whoever is right in this dispute,
Evening star., 1949-12-11

hilltop and waited. Soon We
saw our friend and another
man trudging toward us. They
both appeared to be unarmed.
we could see no telephone lines
leading to the village, and be-
cause our position commanded
the whole area. we felt quite
certain of avoiding trouble
should it come from any other
direction than the village.
When the two reached us we
saw that the second man wore
q uniform. He had an Italian
visored cap, a German officers
tunic and breeches and fancy
Evening star., 1949-12-11

inally ca m e
southwest from
the D nu b e
Valley, and who
speak Rumani-
an. He beamed
when he heard
his tongue spo-
ken. and he
launched into
a long series
of 6 e e lin g S,
which I had
Evening star., 1949-12-11
Deav in Unifynq Europe Is Endangerng Our Security
'Firetrap' Continent
Would Constantly
Imperil Peace

Britain primarily for Europe's
failure to unite. The BRUSH
don't want to join fully IN any
real union with the continent.
and they don't want the continent
to unity without them. and they
are therefore sabotaging un1f1ca-
ton, in this view.
There may be at least some
slight justification for these strlc-
lures. The United States, how
ever, is also not without sin on
this score. Washington has some
of the same inhibitions and hesl-
tations that London has regard
ing European unity-and for
much the same reasons.
Association or 'Integration'
The United States, like Britain.
has vital interests in all the other
continents, too, and cannot COM
NIT itself so deeply in Europe
that it is powerless to act any
where else. Moreover, the United
States again. like Britain -
would not be altogether pleased
by the establishment of con-
tinental European union which
excluded everybody else, including
| the English speaking peoples.
Thus the English speaking
world won't join the continent
completely and won't leave it
completely alone, and is a little
like the donkey that starved to.
death midway between two stacks
of hay because it couldn't make
up it's mind which one to go to.
The phrase European integra-
ton" has come to be symbol OF
this inability of Washington and
London to make up their minds.
Nobody knows any more quite
what the term means, its vague
ness has been taken advantage
of by opponents of uniflcation as
an alibi for refusing to take any
and all action, and officials here
are heartily sick OF the phrase
and wish they'd never dreamed
1t up.
The tendency here now is to
speak of association" not in
Itegration," as the goal Of Amer
lean policy.
I'm the last analysis. what we
want is the closest possible as
sociation of the largest possible
number of free nations" one re-
sponsible official says.
The United States does not con-
slider world union practical pos
sibility during the foreseeable
future. Union with the Soviets
would be even more difficult, even
if it were desirable, than Coop
Grafton with them in the United
Nations is proving to be.
Yet American policy makers
now also tend to the view that
ia continental European union Is
not practical. either.
Must Cover Germany
/ Any European union must in
lclude Western Germany - and
ultimately the whole Reich-if 1t
! is to be effective, in this view.
Germany, however. is so strong
that it would dominate and con-
troll any union which included
only other continental nations.
! The United States and Britain
must be in a position to balance
German power in any union
which is formed. Yet these two
powers must also be free to act
outside Europe. too. And this in
turn means that other interested
and closely related" powers
should be members of the union
also-most notably. Canada.
i Officials have not yet worked
out all the implications Of this
line OF thought. by any means.
Their thinking now tends, how
Il (Cee DETIET. page C.H1
Evening star., 1949-12-11

If he came
would bring any
of his hench-
men.
AS an added
n c e n tive we
told the peasant
to promise the
village chief one
gold sovereign
if he came to
see us. We then
climbed to the
Evening star., 1949-12-11
Discord Among Principals
Weokens Atlantic Alliance
Effective European Military Cooperation Is
Held impossible as Long as Pact Members
Suspect and Distrust Each Other
By Constantine Brown

The weakness in Western Europes amor is not economic or
deeper the inability Of the peoples
forget eaouse suspicious and hareds which
hinder Western civilization and the resistance
to Bolshevik aggression.
be reached by unbiased OBJ
Evening star., 1949-12-11

(see DEANE. Phse CO.
Evening star., 1949-12-11

(See DEUEL., Page C-5o
Evening star., 1949-01-28
FrouIeins Advertising B|unt|y
For Men in Big German Cities

idea but it's spreading like wild
fire. As the samples quoted show
the ads are shockingly frank. Most-
ly they make no mention of mar
riage.
Men use the billboards, too. One
advertised:
"Fifty-one-year-old = businessman
docking much younger) travelling to
Bavarian resort soon. Where is the
good looking girl, not older than %,
who wants to accompany me "
The men who run the billboards
say an ad like that will attract so
to 100 answers.
German men now are offering
more competition to American SOL
diers for the affections of frauleins.
The reason is German men, since
last summers currency reform, are
able to buy cigarettes, chocolates
and nylons. Before, only the GI,
with American dollars, could get
them for their German girl friends.
sounded as Gen. Taylor left the post.
Gen. Taylor will become Chief OF
Staff of the Army's European Com
mand in Germany. =
The 54-year-old Gen. Moore had
been chief Of the Army's Public In
formation Division since last July.
He served in both the European and
Pacific theaters in World War II.
Evening star., 1949-01-28
BY the Asseeietsd Press

FRANKFURT, Germany, Jan. 2s.
German girls out to get a man
don't beat around the bush In q
country where they outnumber men
two to one.
They bluntly advertise man
wanted" on the big city billboards
which fill the place here of Ameri-
can newspaper want ad sections.
Ads like this:
"Twenty-three-year- -old girl, blond,
medium sized. blue-eyed, wants to
spend week ends with wealthy busi-
nessman. Please forward offers to
x"
Or like this one:
Il am alone. Good-looking and
well-shaped 25-year-old girl wants
TO- spend evenings with man not
older than 80. Have own apart
ment."
The "love advertising" Is q new
Evening star., 1949-01-28
Gen. Moore Takes Over
Command of West Point
BY the Assecioted Press

BY the Associoted Press
WEST POINT, N. Y, Jan. 28.-
Maj. Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor. super
intendent of the Military Academy
for three years, turned over his COM
mand today to Maj. Gen. Bryant E.
Moore.
Gen. Taylor presented officers Of
the Cadet Corps to his successor at
a ceremony outside post head
quarters.
A 13-gun salute was fired in honor
of Gen. Moore and similar salute
Evening star., 1949-01-28

ton, has been appointed actins
treasurer.
The death of Joe L. Blythe of
Charlotte, N. c., last Sunday Gre
ated the vacancy. Mrs. Zirkle has
been committee controller since
1888.
Evening star., 1949-01-28
Democratic Committee
Appoints Mrs. ZirkIe
by The Assee,etsd Press

= The Democratic National Com
mittee yesterday announced that
Mrs. Mary c. zirkle Of Washing
Evening star., 1949-06-05
In A BIRDS EYE
This part-time ornithologist has
now learned how to enjoy bird
watching. He watches watchers

INSPIRED by John Kieran and
Il others. I have started watching
birds this spring. So has almost
everybody else in the neighbor-
hood. Any clear morning finds the
shrubbery rustling with amateur
ornithologists on the prowl. note
book in pocket and binoculars in
hand.
Frequently we get in each others
way. But, as Roger Tory Peterson
says in How To Know the Birds"
Many men in business and the
professions find in birds a much
needed balance, a retreat from
their highly complex affairs and the
artifciality of the city" We don't
get sore about it.
Up to the middle of April, l had
already seen % different kinds of
birds. Then the competition got too
stiff i began seeing the same old
birds. over again, or no birds at
all. So l took to watching the bird
watchers instead. Sometimes
even watch a watcher who is
watching another watcher.
In a spirit of scientific research,
l have jotted down in the back of
my bird notebook a list of the COM
moner species of these unfeathered
friends, together with their salient
characteristics, as observed in nv
woodland rambles. To date, my
list includes:
The b0Ocal bobber. Usually
found in urban areas. May be iden-
tified by peculiar nodding motion
OF head. due to indecision over
whether to focus through distance
or reading lenses when watching
birds.
The tsDiftsring jughesd. A
watcher with mocking-bird ten
Evening star., 1949-06-05

dencies. Studies phonogaph re-
cordings of birdcalls and attempts
to lure birds by initiating them
just successfully enough to drive
the other watchers nuts.
The yellosc-beilied shutter
bug. Distinguishable by fancy
plumage and brown camera case
and range finder hanging from
neck. Stays in its nest until mid
morning and is seldom in evidence
on overcast days. Other watchers
wish every day was overcast.
The rosy-beaked eIbosc
bender. This audubon-vivant car
ries. in addition to notebook and
field glasses. a pocket flask of ar
dent spirits to combat the early
morning chill. Sees more birds
than any other watcher. though
not so clearly. Usually goes to sleep
Immediately after breakfast. A
rare species-but not rare enough.
The sedentary doscager. A
large, slow-moving species similar
to the penguin. Found perched on
Evening star., 1949-06-05

menta, seldom actually sees any
birds but has plenty of pretty pic
lures to look at.
The uicarious Thoreau. SINH
lar to the Lugger except that it is
allergic to dew and fresh air. Can
always be found comfortably at
home, reading about birds and
then telling the other watchers
what they saw. Is usually right.
The exasperated pointer. A
gregarious type, given to discover
ing obscure birds for other watch
ers. Its distinctive cry is: There!
There! No, dammit II look where
I'm pointing. Therer'
No DOUBT there will be further
additions to my list before the year
is out. As a student of natural his
tory. find these curious human
beings as amusing as any birds.
What's more. I'll bet the birds
do, too.
Smyrna times., 1949-07-14
New FILA Ruling
Eases Financing
OF Home Repairs

Easier financing of repair and
modernization work on buildings
is made possible by the Federal
Housing Administrations elini-
nation of the 10 percent cash
down payment on Title I property
Improvement loans.
Any of the $500 approved lend
ing institutions is permitted to
lend up to $1,000 for improving
a one-family house or a farm
service structure. Under the new
ruling, the borrower may spread
out all his payments over a three
year period.
For example, if a home owner
desires to beautify his dwelling
and increase its fire-resistance by
re-roofing with asphalt shingles,
it is possible for him to borrow
the entiree amount necessary
without making any payment at
the time the loan is negotiated.
This return to normal lending
practices, which removes a bar
rier to repair and remodeling in
both urban and rural districts, is
seen as another step in the gov
ernment's policy of relaxing
credit controls in most branches
of commerce.