davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-08-06
kx the Assoeioted Prsss

Congress found itself about as
divided as China today on what
to do about stopping the advance
of communism in Asia.
The State Departments White
Paper explaining why Chang
Kai-sfek's government failed to
keep the Communists from gob-
bling up most of China was
greeted on Capitol Hill by volley
of criticism from lawmakers who
called it confession of American
failure also.
1t was defended. on the other
hand, as a realistic review of a
situation which just about every
body here agrees is bad.
The White Paper. published
yesterday, wrote off China's Ma
tionalist government as a total
failure. bitterly scored Soviet
Russia's action on China and set
the pattern for an American
policy which Secretary Of State
Acheson said must be shaped to
encourage all developments" in
China aimed at throwing off the
foreign yoke" of Moscow-directed
communism.
In a news conference held an
Evening star., 1949-08-06
BY the Assoeioted Press

NEW YORK, Aug. 6.-Francis
Cardinal Spellman issued a new
statement on Federal aid to edu-
cation last night and Mrs. Frank
lin D. Roosevelt termed the mes
sage clarifying and fair"
The statements followed tele-
phone call from the Cardinal to
Mrs. Roosevelt. with whom he
had been involved in a contro-
versy. The cardinal said he
acted to clear up many regretta-
Bile MISUNDERSTANDING" concern
ing the position of the Roman
Catholic Church on the issue.
In his statement. issued stimuli
taneously with one by Mrs. Roose-
velt from the chancery Office of
the New York archdiocese, the
cardinal said his church seeks
public funds solely for, auxiliary
services" of parcchial schools.
I'VE are not asking for general
support of religious schools" he
said.
Mrs. Roosevelt. whom the car
dinal had called "anti-Catholic'
for her opposition to Federal aid
to sectarian schools. said the
cardinal had telephoned her and
asked me to 60 over a state
ment which he would like to re-
lease"
Il had read it." she added
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Hiroshima Observes
A-Bomb Anniversary
BY the Assoeictsd Press

HIROSHIMA, Japan, Aug. g.
The fourth anniversary of the
first atom bombing was observed
today with shattered Hiroshima s
30-year plan to make itself a
model city for peaceful commu-
nifty living.
Mayor Shinzo Hamai told the
city's survivors details of the plan
after bells in the peace tower"
pealed in memory of the $4,000
who died in the blast.
The plan calls for rebuilding
Hiroshima in three stages. Dur
ing the first years little besides
planning will be done. In the
next 10 1t Is hoped to carry out
the plans. BY 1877 the city is to
stand rs a permanent monument
to peace.
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Fiery Chemicals Hurled Into Ca,
BY Mystery Man Burn Driver

spilled on his fingers, and splat-
tered on his trousers.
When police arrived they no.
ticed a strange glow wherever the
contents of the vial had spilled.
Mr.. Fabritz was treated for
second and third degree burns to
his fingers at Casualty Hospital.
First precinct police said the
explosion" did not break the glass
vial and a small quantity of the
unknown liquid remained in the
tube. The contents will be sent
to chemists later today for ex-
animation.
Mr.. Fabritz told police the card
board box carried by the man
was about 15x9x3 inches in size
and he was under the impression
that 1t contained a number of the
vials.
He was unable to give police
any explanation as 10 why ne was
singled out for the mysterious
attack.
II don't think it was intended
especially for me-" Mr.. Fabritz
said. Il have no enemies. If he
wasn't crazy he was some kind Of
jerk wanting to play joke"
Mr.. Fabritz said the man was
about IS years old. five feet ten
inches tall, and weighed about
165 pounds. He was wearing eye
glasses. tieless dirty white shirt
and dark trousers.
Mr.. Fabritz is president Of the
United Radio and Electric Co.,
2062 Rhode Island avenue NE.
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Chinese Foreign office
Studying White Paper

CANTON. Aug. 8 (P. The
Chinese Foreign ONCE today be-
gan an intensive study Of the
American White Paper which
writes off the Nationalist govern
ment as failure in the war with
China's Communists.
A spokesman said that because
Of the 1.054-page length of the
White Paper. China's official re-
action could not be expected for
several days.
Even as he spoke, events in
the field served to underline one
point in the White Paper-that
the Nationalist armies did not
have to be beaten; they disinte-
grated"
Defense System Upset.
Canton. in some ways. was
more preoccupied with the de-
fections on the front to the
north than it was with the White
Paper.
The whole defense system for
South China was thrown out of
gear when Gen. Chen Ming -jen,
deputy commander on that front,
went over to the Reds with pos
sibly 10000 of his 10000 troops.
That handed over to the Reds
the Fortress of Changsha, 365
miles north of Canton.
Official dispatches said that
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Cardinal Issues New Statement,
Mrs. Roosevelt Calls 1t Fair
Spe|mon Says School Aid Is Sought Only
For Auxiliary Services Not Maintenance

"and think it clarifying and fair
statement"
The two statements came two
days after Mayor William O'Dwyer
had expressed hope the two could
get together to reconcile their
differences.
The cardinal said the Catholic
church does not expect, nor ask
public funds for school construc-
ton, maintenance and teaching
services.
But he said parochial school
children should share with public
school children in funds for
transportation, school lunches,
health programs and nonreligious
textbooks.
The cardinal spoke of great
confusion and. the many regret
table MISUNDERSTANDING and mis-
interpretations over Federal aid
to education"
He said he felt it his duty to
state in simple terms the position
that Catholics, together with
many Americans of other religious
beliefs, are upholding.
Mrs. Roosevelt, declaring anew
that she has mo anti-Catholic
bias" said:
II am firm in my belief that
there shall be no pressure brought
to bear by any church against the
proper operations Of the Govern
ment, and that there shall be rec
ognition of the fact that all citi-
zens may express their views freely
on questions of public interest"
Evening star., 1949-08-06
500 Reported Killed in Ecuador
As Quake Races 70 Pct. of City;
Children Die as Cathedral Falls
Amboto Hardest Hit;
Troops Perish in
Barracks Collapse
BY ihe Associofed Press

Five-hundred persons died in
an earthquake which destroyed
10 per cent of the homes in Am
bsto, Ecuador yesterday, the
Ecuadorean Embassy said it was
informed in an official bulletin
from its government today.
DR.. Alfonso Moscoso. Minister
Counselor at the Embassy. gave
this account based on the bulletin
received by radio:
Ambato. a small city which is
the center of the textile industry
in the highlands of Ecuador. suf-
fered greatest damage in the
quake that struck a number of
mountain cities and towns yester-
day.
Five-hundred persons died in
Ambato alone.
Seventy per cent of its homes
were destroyed and the remaining
80 per cent made uninhabitable.
Other smaller towns nearby
were shaken but did not suffer
such severe damage.
President Gallo Plaza Lasso has
gone to Ambato and the army
and air force afe helping in rescue
and relief work. Medical supplies
are being flown into the area.
Red Cross Offers Aid.
Basil ,OConnor, president of
the American Red Cross, cabled
the Red Gross Society of Ecuador
that medical supplies and food
will be sent to the stricken area
If needed. He asked for a report
on the damage done.
BY telephone to Panama. the
American Red Cross ordered Dep
uty Director Kreth of its Carib-
bean operations to make available
medical supplies and food that
the Red Cross society of Ecuador
may request. Officials said such
supplies could be provided from
depots in the Caribbean. if re-
quested.
Mr.. O'Connor also notified the
League of Red Gross Societies in
Geneva, Switzerland, of the dis
aster so that Red Gross organiza-
tions in other parts of the world
may assist.
Evening star., 1949-08-06
New 'Easy-Credit' Step
May React Chiefly TO
Governments Benefit
Bonk Reserve Rule Cut
Expected to Spur Sales
Of U. S. Securities
Ry the Assoeiotsd Press

The Government, which this
week began borrowing to meet its
expenses, may be the chief gamer
from the newest easy credit"
move by the Federal Reserve
Board.
The board yesterday ordered a
cut in reserve requirements-the
proportion of deposits that banks
may not lend-in order to make
an extra $1,000, 100000 available
for loan or investment this month.
It was the third time this year
the board has thus increased the
supply of loan funds available, be-
sides taking such other business
bracing steps as removal of con-
sumer credit restrictions. and
making it easier to buy stocks on
credit.
Neither of the previous cuts in
bank reserve requirements. the
latest of them in early May. made
even a dent in the record-making.
$2,750, 900, 900, 27-week-long drop
in bank loans to business. That
drop lasted until last week.
Seeks Other Ways to Invest.
AS businessmen SHE'D away from
borrowing money for the purchase
of goods they might get stuck with
in a price decline. they sought
other ways to invest their money.
One result was heavy purchases OF
Government securities from other
investors.
Financial experts here think the
same thing will occur this time,
although business borrowing
having finally taken its first mild
upturn-should continue to climb
until November while businessmen
build up inventory for the fall and
Christmas season.
The Government, On the other
is just getting started at
borrowing to make up the gap be-
tween It's income and its outgo-a
gap that is expected to run to
81, 900 ,000, 900 or more in the cur
rent fiscal year and already has
(see CREDIT. Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1949-08-06

Washington motorists were
warned today to be on their guard
against a man with bushy black
hair. possibly demented, who
tossed vial Of incendiary chem
icals into the automobile of Rob-
ert E. Fabritz. radio dealer. of
5000 Shepherd street, Mount
Rainier, Md, last night.
The third and fourth fingers
on Mr.. Fabritz' hand were burned
almost to the bone when he
opened the vial and the chemical,
apparently a composition of dead
ly white phosphorus, gushed onto
his hand.
Mr.. Fabritz told police he
stopped for a traffic light on
Ninth street at Mount Vernon
place last night at 10 o'clock when
shabbily dressed man-unknown
to him-carrying a cardboard box
approached his car.
Here's something for you," the
man said as he extracted a small
glass vial from the box and
dropped it on the front seat beside
Mr.. Fabritz.
Mr.. Fabritz sad he thought the
man was distributing some sort Of
sample and did not look at the
vial until he parked his car at
Twelfth and I streets NV. There
he extracted the cork to see what
1t contained.
AS soon as air touched the
contents Of the vial there was
a reaction which Mr.. Fabritz
described as an explosion" White
smoke and liquid fumed out and
Evening star., 1949-08-06
congressman Sharply Divided
In Reaction to White Paper
VoIIey Of Criticism Greets Document,
But Some Defend Policy as Realistic

hour after the White Paper was
issued, Mr.. Acheson' reiterated
that Chinese Communists are
tools of Russia and declared the
United States remains ready to
help the people of China estab-
lish true independence.
Declaring he was not in the
least defeatist about the Chinese
situation. the Secretary of State
said his attitude was based on
the belief that Communists are
in for serious difficulties in trying
to govern China lin the interests
of a foreign power"-Russia.
He laid down these five basic
principles" which he said should
govern American policy toward
China:
81. The United States desires
to encourage in every feasible
way the development of China
as an Independent and table ma
ton able to play role in world
affairs suitable for a great and
free people.
%. The United States desires to
support the creation in China of
economic and political conditions
which will safeguard basic rights
y1,vYY-1
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Czechs Call on Army
To Back Red Regime
In Fight on Church
Bohemian CIeries Defy
Order Not to Garry Out
accommodation Decree
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

py me %SxocfoIt0 FTeSs
PRAGUE. Czechoslovakia, Aug
6.-Czechoslovakia's Defense Min
lister called on the army today to
back the Communist government
in the bitter church-state strug-
gle.
The minister Gen. Ludwig
Svoboda - assailed the Roman
Catholic Church in a speech to
troops in Slovakia. He urged the
soldiers to support the new gov
ernment-sponsored Catholic Ac-
tion movement. Svoboda as
serted:
1--WE soldiers can say that from
the view of defense of the father
land. insurance of freedom and
independence we shall support
whole-heartedly the Catholic Ac-
stion."
Regime Meets Opposition.
The Czech government ran into
opposition last night in its latest
bout with the church.
A government order to priests
to defy the Vatican decree on ex-
communication under threat of
punishment drew a sharp rejection
from Roman Catholic authorities
in Western Bohemia.
The administrative vicar Of the
diocese at Litomerice sent back
the government order with an
answer which said in effect: What
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Five Soviet Zone Agents
Sentenced by U. S. Court
BY the Associated Press

BERLIN, Aug. 6.-Five German
agents of the Soviet zone secret
police were sentenced today to
prison terms Of one to three years
by an American Military Govern
ment judge, John A. Sabo, on
charges of attempting to kidnap
a German from the American
sector of Berlin.
The defense contended the
agents acted legally on orders of
the Soviet Union. in an attempt
to foil a German plot to blow
up a Russian military leave train.
Judge Sabo said the American
military government would not
allow subversive action against
another occupation power. but the
defendants had entered the Amer
|ican sector unlawfully with un-
authorized firearms.
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Chang Arrives
In Korea for
Pact Par|eys
Chinese Nationalist
Leader to Stoy With
Rhee for Three Days
By the Associated Press

CHINHAE, Korea, Aug. g.
Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek
arrived at this South Korean port
today for series of conferences
with President Syngman Rhee on
a Pacific pact against the Com
munists.
The veteran leader OF China S
Nationalists plans to remain here
for three days.
In separate statements, Chang
and the Korean President said
they expect to discuss the pro-
jected union of Pacific powers to-
morrow.
Neither statement made any ref
erence to the American White
Paper on China. Both leaders
said. however, they were studying
Secretary of State Acheson's letter
summarizing the White Paper.
Face Common Red Menace.
Chiang's statement said in part:
Korea and China are now, as
they have always been in the past
5000 years. two sister nations
with Identical interest. They are
receiving today the common or
deals of Communist menace.
Il shall, therefore. during a brief
stay in Korea. have a full ex-
change of views with President
Rhee not only on important mat
ters between China and Korea,
but also on the question of the
organization Of an anti-Commu-
nism union by the Far Eastern
countries"
Rhee and his wife met Chang
as his plane landed on a strip
near this naval base which the
Japanese used for World War II
operations.
The 4 miles from the airstrip
to the residence where Chang will
stay was guarded by Korean sail
ors stationed Is feet apart. The
residence is the home of the Chin
hae naval commander.
Two Korean army armored cars
followed the automobile in which
Chang and the Rhees rode. The
Korean President and his. wife
scheduled an entertainment for
Chang. some Of his advisers and
Korean officials tonight.
Neither Chang nor Rhee were
available to reporters during the
day.
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Atlantic Pact Nations
Unanimous on Defense
Plans, Denfe|d Says
Press Conference Remarks
Follow ToIks With Chiefs
OF a European Countries
By the Associated Press

PARIS, Aug. 6.-Admiral Louis
Denfeld, United States Navy men,
Der of the Joint Chiefs Of Staff.
said today there is great unanim-
ity. OF. opinion" ION the way the
Atlantic pact defenses should be
organized.
Admiral Denfeld spoke at a
news conference in the American
Embassy, which followed the talks
by the American Joint Chiefs Of
Staff with French. Belgian. Dutch
and Portuguese military leaders.
At the Conference with Admir-
al Denfeld were Gen. Omar Brad
ley, Army Chief of Staff, and Gen.
Hoyt Vandenberg. Air Force Chief.
Portugal's military delegation
also attended.
Talks Termed Successful.
Admiral Denfeld described as
most successful the talks of the
American officers with Western
European military leaders this
week.
He emphasized that the talks
were confined to an exchange OF
views ito get ideas on military
organization" and said no deci-
sions were made.
What we did was to get in
formation so that we could both
advise our own governments and
make up our own minds on the
best military organization" under
the Atlantic pact, Admiral Den
field said of the European trip.
Asked what sorts of ideas were
exchanged, he said II prefer not
to go into that
Asked about supreme military
council for the 12-nation allli-
ance, Admiral Denfeld said lot
Of suggestions had been received.
The whole thing lis very f1uid,' -
he said, and he saw no difficulty
in setting it up.
Headquarters Site Undecided.
A headquarters for the pact is
a matter that is still entirely
open" and a matter for political
discussion. the admiral said.
Would a supreme council be set
up by the end of the year, as he
indicated in London?
We'll. that was just a date
I picked up out of the air." Ad-
miral Denfeld said. but don t
see any reason why 1t should not
be done"
Portuguese Gen. Jose Felipe
Barros Rodrigues was asked
whether his country is still press
ing for Spain's admission to the
Atlantic pact. 1--WE didn't dis
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Mundt Says Maragon
Arranged White House
Interview for Firm
Detroit Company Got
Job, but Was Lowest
Bidder, He ExpIoins
RY the Assoeiuted Press

Senator Mundt, Republican. OF
South Dakota, said today officials
of a Detroit auto parts firms testi-
fed they received quick clearance
on q s280.000 Army contract after
John Maragon got them a White
House appointment.
Senator Mundt said the De-
troiters were the low bidders and
were entitled to the contract. He
said they related that they simply
wanted to speed up final Govern
ment approval.
Mr.. Maragon is former Kan
sas City bootblack who had ar
entree to the White House. HI
was questioned three days las
week by Senate investigators look.
ing into the activities of five per.
centers" rs"-persons who charge &
fee for helping others get Govern.
ment contracts.
The inquiry is being handled by
a special Senate subcommittee try.
ing to find out whether any COM
mission men have attempted to
influence Government officials, as
has been alleged.
House Committee Satisfied.
A House committee which has
been conducting a similar probe
into Army uniform purchases re-
ported yesterday that it is sat
isfied there have been no irreg-
ularities involved in such con-
tracts.
The Senate group plans to start
public hearings Monday. In prep
aration for those sessions the sub
committee has been questioning
witnesses behind closed doors.
At private meetings yesterday
afternoon the subcommittee got
the testimony of three officials of
Austin Metal Products, Inc, a
Detroit company which produces
auto parts. They appeared in
response to subpoenas.
Mundt Quotes Officials.
A few hours later, Senator
Mundt. member of the subcom-
mittee, told reporters:
They testified they got in
touch with Maragon to see
whether he could speed up the
contract.
They said Maragon called
someone at the White House and
got them an appointment with an
Army officer who appeared to be
an assistant to Gen. Vaughan"
Maj. Gen. Harry H. Vaughan is
President Truman's military aide.
Mr.. Maragon has said he is a good
friend of Gen. Vaughan.
"They said" Senator Mundt
continued. that they discussed
the contract with this Army Off
Ger, and that the whole thing had
been cleared up and the contract
released by the time they got
back to Detroit
Important Member" Identified.
The subcommittee questioned
Nicholas X. P'Sachos, described
by Senator Hoey. Democrat, of
North Carolina, the subcommittee
1See FIVE-PERCENTERS Al
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Hawaii Passes
bill 10 Seize
Struck Docks
ClO Stevedores Vote
To Refuse to Work
For Government
BY the Associated Press

HONOLULU, Aug. 6.-Hawaii's
LEGISLATURE today passed a bill en-
powering the territorial govern
ment to seize the islands strike
bouno docks. Earlier, striking
CIO stevedores voted unanimous
lily to refuse to work for the gov
eminent.
Final passage of the legislation
designed to end the 98-day water
front tieup came at 2:40 am.
(s:40 am. EDIT in the 10th day
of a special session called by Gov.
Ingram M. Stainback.
Late last night Senate and
House conferees agreed on the
measure which directs the gover-
nor to take over the islands
seven struck stevedoring Arms. It
also calls for hiring. as far as pos
sible, the 1000 striking members
lof the international Longshore-
1nen's and Warehousemen's Union
at the pre-strike $l,40 hourly
'lHage.
The House approved the con-
ference report by a 24-to-6 vote.
The Senate's approval was unani-
mous-14 to 0.
Strikers Hear Bridges.
The strikers voted not to work
for the territorial government
after a special meeting was ad-
dressed by ILWU President Harry
Bridges. He arrived from San
Francisco yesterday and conf
IDENTIFY announced the strike is in
no danger of being lost" as long
as Matson Navigation Co. ships
don't sail. Matson is the major
mainlandH Hawaii carrier.
Mr.. Bridges told a news con-
ference that no law passed by the
Hawaiian legislature could force
loading or unloading of island
cargoes on the Pacific Coast
But even as he spoke, canned
pineapple was being loaded for the
first time since the ILWU struck
May l for a wage boost of 80
cents an hour. A new non-union
firm, Hawaii Stevedores. Ltd. was
putting the shipment aboard the
Isthmian freighter Steel Maker.
Asked if he thought the strike
was near settlement, Mr.. Bridges
replied:
More and more issues are be-
: ing raised all the time"
One way to settle it, he added.
would be arbitration by board
of Hawaii businessmen not con-
nected with any of the Big Five"
sugar agencies.
Arbitration Demanded.
The union repeatedly has de-
manded arbitration. Employers
have rejected it. contending they
should not be bound in advance
to accept an award on wages by
third parties who have no finan-
cial responsibility.
Mr.. Bridges referred to the
big Five" as "feudal lords" and
said their attorney, James Blais-
dell. got the horse laugh" in
Washington last month when he
told a Senate committee there
was no Big Five"
An important issue in a settle
ment. the longshore leader said.
should be an extension of the
present contract for one or two
years.
The union doesn't want to
go through another strike next
spring. he said. The contract
expires May l. The present strike
grew out of the wage reopening
clause.
Mr.. Bridges said he came here
to determine whether it is worth
while to continue or, if necessary.
to compromise" the strike. He
said he would remain as long as
he felt he could be of any use in
making a settlement.
Wage Cuts Denounced.
He said he felt the ILWU has
a responsibility to continue the
strike until wage cuts imposed on
(See HAWAII, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1949-08-06
Quirino Reaches Guum
On Flight to America
Story on local preparations
for President Quirino's Uisit on
PAGE B-6.)
BY the Associated Press

GUAM, Aug. 6.-Philippine
President Elpidio Quirino arrived
at Guam tonight on his fight
to the United States to visit Pres
ident Truman.
Rear Admiral Charles A. Pow
nall, Governor of Guam, and
Rear Admiral Edward C.. Even
met Quirino at Agana airfleld.
The Philippine president had din
ner with Admiral Pownall.