davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1949-12-18
By Sierid Arne

to controlling their country"
The Soviets are at odds with
the manner in which the other
Allies think a Far Eastern con-
ference should be held.
More than two years ago,
when the United States made
its first attempt to call con-
ference. Russia insisted that
only the Big -Four of the Far
East should meet-that is. the
United States, Britain. China
and the Soviets.
But the United States feels
nine other nations in the Pa
cific area should sit in.
These nine other nations.
with the Big Four, constitute the
Far Eastern Commission, which
was set up at the end of the
war as a supervising body for
the occupation of Japan. The
nine are France. Canada. India.
Australia. New Zealand, the
Netherlands, the Philippines.
Burma and Pakistan.
To complicate matters fur
ther, Russia thinks any of the
Big Four should have the
right Of veto. The United
Evening star., 1949-12-18
Free University Berlin Makes the Grade
Borrowed Books and
Furniture Launch.
Novel Project

addition to the greatly improved
original structures.
Library-From a handful of VOL
umes to more than 1000 in the
school library.
Students, unless they can show
they are unable. pay 180 marks
$500 per half-year. Otherwise
they are placed on scholarships
About 600 are being educated this
way, DR.. Edwin Redslob. president
reports.
The majority of the students
are in the 1924 age bracket. al
though some are in their 30s.
OF the total, 251 man students
are married and 48 of the women
They have a total of 314 children
Most students come from the
white-collar class or from trade
and independent business. Only
some IS per cent are farmers,
workers or craftsmen.
Most popular subject is the
study of medicine, but law Is a
fairly close second. In third place
are economic studies.
Free University Berlin is prob
ably the only university in the
world where many Of the students
are cap1era-shy. They have good
reason. Nearly 80, per cent are
refugees from the Russian zone
or from East Berlin.
u. S. G.. Is Favorite
Students have a special fond
ness for the University of South
ern California at Berkeley.
The Trojans have sent clothes,
books, powdered milk and other
items to the Free University.
Other American schools have
helped, too, but use seems to
have taken front seat.
Free University is proud that it
has already had visiting profess
sors as lecturers. They list,
among several. DR.. Fritz Epstein Of
Stanford, who was at the school
last summer and plans to return.
He gave lectures on philosophy.
"We helped to organize this
school," said q 22-year-old vet
eran Of Free University, land we
are anxious to keep it growing un-
til 1t finds its true place in the
world"
II they keep trying with the
same spirit it's . cinch Free Uni
'versity Berlin will make 1t.
Distributed by the AssoeiPtsd Prsss.)
Evening star., 1949-12-18

The then young Hutchins was al
ready setting the staid old uni
versity on its ear with his own
reforms, and Vice President Ben
tons exuberance therefore caused
a smaller sensation than 1t might
otherwise have done, but Mr.. Ben
ton raised quite a rumpus all the
same.
Among other things. he pro-
posed that the university change
its name. This suggestion was
brushed aside, but Mr. Benton was
not a whit abashed. cts hard to
imagine Mr.. Benton's being
abashed) He went on to develop
the university's programs of adult
education and new classroom
teaching methods. He built up
the university's radio Round
Table" and created the Human
Adventure" programs. greatly in
creased the use of motion plctu4 IS
in instruction and acquired the
Evening star., 1949-12-18

ordinator and American Military
Government helped out on the
fuel problem, too.
The first enrolment was 2,840
when regular classes began De-
cember /, l948.
In those first days students and
professors often wore overcoats in
class, for coal was used sparingly.
There were none too many books,
either. When classes were over,
many students put down their
books and picked up tools to help
repair the bomb-damaged build
ings.
Today, Free University Berlin is
much like any small university in
America. The students clothing
is not 50 good, perhaps: the lynch
Evening star., 1949-12-18
Britannica for Chi.

Encyclopedias Britannica Tor Chi
cago.
Fresh from these triumphs (Ben-
ton Is always fresh), he came in
1945 to the State Department.
The department had had its
share Of gaudy birds Of passage
before, but never quite the kind
Of flne-feathered friend that Mr..
Benton turned out to be. He was
soon quarreling briskly and hap
PLY with virtually every one with
whom he dealt in his new job.
The Associated Press and United
Press cut off the news service
they had supplied the Government
during the war and Mr.. Benton
exploded. He issued two public
statements in rapid-flre succession
denouncing the two news agencies.
He said that they were acting like
dogs in the manger; that their
decision was arbitrary and misin-
formed and that the reasons the
Evening star., 1949-12-18
Ousted Students Finish
First Year in School
They Founded
By Richord K. O'MoIIey

BERLIN.-Germany's most un-
usual educational experiment is
just over a year old. and every
one who had hand in it is proud.
Free University Berlin, the
first German school Of higher
learning founded on student
professor public cooperation, has
achieved much in IL months.
The seeds of it's growth were
sown by a brusque Russian order.
Several students in Berlin Uni
versity in the Russian sector crit
icized the Soviet Military Ad-
ministration and protested the
emphasis on communism IN
classes. They were summarily ex-
PEELED. Other students argued the
Russians had ignored regular dis
cipline procedure and resigned.
Subsequent mass demonstra-
tions focused public attention on
conditions at the Russian sector
university.
Started During Blockade
City attempts to place Berlin
University under control Of the
magistrat failed in the face Of
stubborn Russian and Communist
opposition.
The problem of founding a new
university in the western sectors
was tackled with enthusiasm by
the students. the Western Allies
and West Berlin educators.
Times were tough. The Rus
sian blockade of the city con-
tributed immensely to German
discomfort. But through the help
of Gen. Lucius D. Clay, American
Military Governor, the project
progressed.
Buildings for the three main
schools were obtained by repair
ing the old Kaiser Wilhelm In
stitute. Students scrounged for
furniture. Professors helped stack
and file donated books. An ad-
mittance committee tussled with
a storm Of applications.
But the buildings were cold and
money was scarce. The West Ber-
lin city government gave 1000. 900
deutsche marks (then $500, ,000) J.
American Military Government
allocated another 1000, 900 marks.
Gen. Clay named an Americsp CO.
Evening star., 1949-12-18

ana Clle QeSIee VI oGdJCollAdlioiiAP
display in this crisis are bound to
affect future economic and politi-
cal relations with the United
States.
No recent problem that has
arisen between this country and
our neighbors has aroused so
much concern in Washington Off
cial circles. Congress. the State
Department, Commerce. Agricul-
ture and various other agencies
are all worried over the fact that
the price of this commodity has
increased nearly 100 per cent in
the past three months and some
200 per cent since 1916.
Coffee is one of the food prod
ucts used in almost every house.
hold in the entire land. What is
more, it is one of the very few
necessities for which we are COM
pletely dependent upon other
parts of the world. Any variation
in price affects the pocketbooks Of
all classes of the population. 1t
also affects one of the chief indus
tries of the Nation, the vast net
work of national and international
business organizations which pur-
chases. imports, processes and dis
tributes the product throughout
the country.
Largest Import
Coffee is not only one of our
essential foods, but it constitutes
the largest of all of our imports
from Latin America. For six of
the leading countries it is source
of 80 per cent of their total for
eign income. More than so per
cent of all their exports come to
the United States. At the present
price, we are paying at the rate
of 1890, 100000 a year for green
coffee alone.
Due to the overwhelming posi-
ton of coffee in the economies of
these IL Latin American nations,
coffee is not only the basis of
their economic life, but it deter
mines the policies and stability of
their governments. Fluctuations
in the price of coffee. as we'll as
the rise and fall of production
have been at the root of many OF
the revolutions in recent years.
These facts have caused serious
forebodings in the State Depart.
ment. In a statement before the
congressional subcommittee nov
investigating the question. Edward
G. Gale. deputy director of tn.
Office of Middle American Affairs
declared that no single commod
ity which is exported from Latin
America has the economic ant
political Importance in Unite,
States relations with those coun
tries that coffee has long had.
Mr.. Gale went on to say furthe,
that there is probably no singl,
commodity. certainly no single
agricultural commodity. imported
into the United States which ha:
the economic and political i'm.
portance for the reproducing
countries of Latin America
Full of Controls
The BraZilians and others are
full of resentment over charges
in the United States that manipu-
lations in producing countries may
have been the cause of the present
confusion and high prices. But
it is a fact that no other Latin
American commodity is subjected
to more governmental regulations,
Evening star., 1949-12-18

room, where one free meal Is
served daily. has only one menu:
Soup. And nobody drives q con-
vertible.
There's one other noticeable diff
ference. Students never grippe
about having to hit the books.
They are all eager to learn.
Physically, this is the way the
Free University Berlin stacks up
as compared to a year ago:
Enrollment-5,800.
Faculty-700. Of which about
400 are instructors.
Buildings-Nearly o dozen. In
cluding two small dormitories.
Facilities-British and Ameri-
can sector hospitals are donated
for medical laboratory glasses. In
Evening star., 1949-12-18
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. C.
SUNDAY DECEMBER 49, l949
Hiqh Coffee Prices PeriIous
To Latin American Nations
Product Represents 80 Per Cent Of Export Revenue
for Many Countries and Rules Economic
and Political Stability
By Edward TomIinson

supplies and production OF coffee In some Sec
America and the srocketng OF prices in this country
noses serious internal of the 20 Latin American
nations Colombia of the most important
of the southern attitude which the producers assume
which they and their governments
Evening star., 1949-12-18
Presidents Point w Plan
Faces Numerous Obstacles
Idea Of Improving Worlds UnderdeveIoped
Areas Still BoiIs Down to q Policy
Vony Searching for Program
By Herbert Brotter

In his Inauguration Day address in January President Truman
outlined the world Point that plan
embark bold making benefits
scientific advances industrial available for the
and of undedeeoped areas Whether
only punchne formal grafton thought at
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-03-01
Poultry Department
WHEN ORDER CHICKS
B. H. E. CUSHMAN

Q.-At what age can I expect
Leghorn pullefs TO start laying? I
plan to order so. but do not know
when 10 have them arrive. We
want them only for our winter
eggs. but would like 10 have them
laying steadily before cold
weather.-Mrs. w. W. Phillips
county.
"A Leghorn ought to be in pro-
duction by 5h to 6 months. To have
her come in earlier may e that
she will only lay a short time and
then go into a neck mott. Some even
go into an entire mott and be out
of production the very months that
you want eggs.
With all of this in mind I would
suggest that you have the chicks ar
rive not later than the latter part of
April and not earlier than the first
of April.
You also want them early enough
to be well on their way before the
real hot weather hits in the summer.
Hot weather has a tendency to stunt
little chicks.
Also be sure to keep the chicks
growing constantly and feather out
quickly. Two people car get chicks
from the same hatchery on the same
day. One persons chicks will look
like culls, while the others will de-
velop into big bodied pullets by the
age of 5H months.
I would suggest that you go to
your county agents office the next
time you are in Malta and get the
bulletin, Feeding and Management
of Chicks and Pullets." It has some
good suggestions in it.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-03-01
UNBALANCED RATION

O. I would like to ask If You
could help me. I have a nice bunch
of pullets and we had about IL
that act as though they were con-
stipated and then their rectum
works out and stays. Is ii what we
feed them? Gave Them barley and
after this started and then we got
some laying mash and there IS
some more. ]. M. B.. Rosebud
county.
A. The condition probably was
caused by your very unbalanced ra-
ton of barley with no animal pro-
TEN or green feed. I would suggest
giving one pound of epson salts to
each 100 birds. This can be given in
a crumbly mash or drinking water.
Then put them on a ration of so per-
cent mash and so percent grain by
weight.
In addition give them green leafy
alfalfa. Just put a bale on the floor
and let them help themselves. When
this gets down to just stemmy ma
terial, feed it to idle horses or range
cattle. If you don't have alfalfa, feed
carrots or. in a pinch, cabbage. Cab
bage has practically no vItamins or
feeding value but will act as a regu-
lator.
If you have some birds which stin
are bothered with the %prolapsis or
inversion of the cloaca, it might be
we'll to apply vaseline to the vents.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-03-01

One piece of wood or metal stick
ing out into a walkway is a. trap for
a barked shin or torn clothing. a
bruise or a stumble. And one piece
of material piled haphazardly may
be the stone that starts a dangerous
landslide.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-01-15
Gourmet Quiz
Key to Third Quiz

%. France; a patty shell so light
the French named it to indicate it
would blow away in a slight breeze
better bring an anchor when eat
ing this one! "a. Armenia; charcoal
broiled pieces of lamb, tomato,
onion, green pepper on skewers. 25.
Russia; very thin, small pancakes
filled with caviar and served with
sour cream. 26. Italy; dessert dreamy
made with egg yolks and sherry.
q. Norway; types of Norwegian
sardines. Bristling is the true sar-
dine as we know it here; slid is the
small size sardine, like a little her
ring. %. Scotland; pudding made of
sleeps entrails, oatmeal, etc., and
cooked in a sleeps stomach. %.
China; Chinese roast pork cooked
with a basting of honey, soy
and other exotic ingredients.
80. Turkey; fluffy cooked cracked
wheat served as the potato" in the
Turkish cuisine. 81. Franc; but a
favorite Italian delicacy, too-puffy
cylinders of cake saturated with rum.
80. India; combination of lentils,
rice, onion and seasonings, an Indian
favorite. 80. Scandinavia; flat, hard
Scandinavian rye bread.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-01-15

quite hazardous. Therefore, all work
areas in the kitchen should be well
Illuminated and special work
spaces should have Individual light
ing free from. glare and shadows.
All lighting should be controlled
by wall switches placed more than
an arms length from the sink so
that there is no possibility of the
homemaker's turning a switch while
one hand is in water or on the metal
plumbing.
Lights for general illumination
should be controlled by wall
switches if there are two doors.
Floor
To be haZard-free, the floor should
be without surface Irregularities,
such as warped or buckled floor
boards, p~rotruding nail heads, splin-
tiers or cracked or curled-up hno-
leum. If any such Irregularities
exist, they should be remedled, for
they present a serious tripping haz-
ard. AS indicated previously, the
surface should be non-slippery. 1t is
true that a smooth surface is easier
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-01-15

to keep clean than a rough surface,
but a highly-polished, slippery floor
is a danger anywhere in the house
and ar especially grave danger in
the kitchen. 1t is good kitchen prac-
tice to apply paste wax or polish
sparingly and rub in thoroughly or
else use the liquid non-rub type.
1t is an efficient kitchen only if
the homemaker is enabled to per-
form her regular housekeeping du-
ties more easily, more smoothly and
more safely. The homemaker who
keeps in mind the various points
discussed here not only can make
her present kitchen more nearly like
a dream kitchen but can also learn
to judge fairly the possibilities of a
brand new kitchen even before she
starts to work in it.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-01-15
Happy New Year

lay the hills and fields;
" Serene a starlit sky -.
Gods universe seemed hushed and
still
AS the Old Year passed by.
A New Year was born -.
With all its joy its sorrow;
So may there always be for each
A happy, bright tomorrow
JEAN BRENNEMAN,
Treasure County.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-01-15

the cooking top.
Storage
1t is difficult to talk about work
spaces without talking about stor-
age, for it is an infallible rule of
the modern kitchen that raw mate
rails as well as the necessary tools
and equipment be stored near, that
is, above and below, the counter
space or area where they are to be
used. This arrangement of storage
space, like proper allotment OF work
areas, will help to minimize fatigue
which always makes the homemaker
more susceptible to accidents.
In the interest of safety, cleaning
equipment, such as brooms, mops,
dustpans and rags, should not be
stored in the kitchen or en- the
cellar stairs. A definite storage
space, especially designed to contain
housekeeping equipment, should be
provided with built-in shelves and
racks for added convenience. If it is
impossible to provide such a built-in
service closet, at any rate, brooms
and mops and similar items should
not rest on the kitchen floor with
handles leaning against the wall. A
serious tripping hazard will be elm
mated if these articles are hung
from hooks or are bracketed against
the wall if proper storage is lacking.
Oily rags and mops should al
ways be stored by themselves in tin
containers to eliminate a fire hazard.
Separate storage in the service
closet should be provided for clean
ing agents or harmful or poisonous
substances frequently used in the
kitchen: ammonia, I've, sal soda, in
secticides, etc. In any house where
there are children, these articles
should not be kept under the kitchen
sink-where most housekeepers are
prone to leave them.
Cabinets. Counters, Shelves
The "step-saver" kitchen will elm
mate not only steps to and fro but
also steps up to ceiling-high cabinets
and storage shelves. In planning
the storage facilities of a kitchen,
we must bear in mind that the aver
age oma is about 5 feet 3 inches
tall, and the shelving in the kitchen
cabinet should be arranged so that
all articles can be reached without
the use of a stool or chair to stand
On. A homemaker 5 feet 3 inches
tall will be able to reach the TOP
shelf if it is not more than 6 feet
inches from the floor.
Hinged cabinet doors are a bump.
ing or striking hazard. Doors which
slide vertically or horizontally o.
doors of the accordion type are
much to be preferred.
Equipment and counters should
not protrude into the free flool
space, and the corners of all equip
ment and protruding counters should
always be rounded. The roundin.
of these and the elimination
of sharp edges will do away witt
many painful bruises.
Comfortable working heights pre-
vent fatigue and are very importan
since, as already pointed out, a tire,
person is more readily exposed b
injury. Too high a working spac
will tire the arms. and too low a 1eve
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-01-15
Lighting

Adequate lighting is obviously one
OF the most essential safety "musts"
m the kitchen. If the kitchen is
poorly lighted, such simple opera
tons as using a knife can become
Montana farmer-stockman., 1949-01-15

Dissolve 3 packages Red Star Dry Yeast in u cup warm
water. Let stand 2 to 3 minutes. Place ~ cup sugar, salt
and 3M cups water In a large bowl. Stir yeast solution
thoroughly and add to this mixture. Add half the -four
and beat wen. Add melted and cooled shortening, stir
ring vigorously. Add remainder of flour, stirring until
well mixed. Place dough on lightly Toured board and
knead 5 10 J minutes. Shape into smooth ball and place
IN creased bowl. Brush top lightly with shortening. Cover
and let rise in warm place for As minutes. Punch dough
down; shape into loaves and place in creased pans.
Brush tops of loaves lightly with shortening. Cover and
let rise IN warm place for As minutes. Bake In modcr-
ateiy hot oven 600 F.) for so minutes. Makes 4 Ioaycs,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-11-14

dent, and he has that. This is
demonstrated also by the con-
verse. which is that q man with
many fine qualities Of mind and
spirit and with the best of inten-
tons still can fall short Of ex-
pectations In the White House
through lack Of political instinct
of which the most apt illustration
in recent times Is Herbert Hoover,
our last Republican President.
: Master Strategist.
The standard around here in
recent years Of the master politi-
cal strategist is. Of course. Frank
lin D. Roosevelt. The Republican
Party finally developed quite an
inferiority complex about him
that failed to respond to treat
ment. .
Significantly enough, you hear
1t said around here now that
Harry Truman is as good q poll
tician as his predecessor. and some
60 so far as to say he is even
better. Among the latter are those
who still are mystifled about the
1948 election and so conscience
stricken about their wrong prophe-
cies that they are ready, finally
to throw up their hands and take
refuge In the diagnosis that 1t
was Harry Truman's doing, In
which there is most of the truth
and therefore that he was q mir
acle man, or. medicine man, In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1949-11-14
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. c.
IL,

Of that first bootlegged smoke
wouldn't be on her breath.
II that isn't about the way it
worked out. then Princess Mar
garet isn't like most other girls,
which she surely seems to be.
What puzzles me is how Prin-
cess Margaret, when she started
smoking on the sly pretty regu-
larry, managed to get her Gig
arettes. She couldn't very well
summon a lady-in-waiting and
send her flying down to a tobac-
conist's, nor could she afford to
bum them of the palace guards.
They might have been tattle-
tales.
What a fortune awaits the prin-
cess II she cares to follow in the
footsteps Of less distinguished
lady cigarette smokers and go in
for Endorsements! After exhaust
ing tobacco Endorsements. she
could enter the field OF cream
(cold, vanishing, and cleansing) +,
silver (sterling and plate). beer
(dry and wet). and hand lotions
Cleft and right. She could put
England on its financial feet In
q year.
Now to think about something
really important. Rocky Grail
amos home life, say.
distributed BY McNaught Syndicate. Inc.)