davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-05-16
Old Section Surrounded

.ment to discover that the Jews OF
antiquity were organized on a tribal
basis. Origfnally II in number, they
eventually split into two main
groupings.
The tribes Of Judah and Benjamin
settled around Jerusalem, survived
a Babylonian transportation and
returned to their homeland to carry
on the Jewish identity. These
tribal distinctions were very per-
sistent.
Complex Hierarchy
This has been equally true OF the
Arabs, especially in their desert
homeland. The tribal hierarchy is
! quite complex, ranging from the rel
atively small clan to the tribe and
even a tribal agglomeration. But
always there is a patriarchal head
in the shape of some great family
to whom the group owes traditional
allegiance.
No better illustration Of this can
be given than the modern history OF
desert Arabia. Overlordship Of the
vast interior Of the peninsula has
alternated between the families OF
Saud and Rashid. The former Is
centered in the Nejd, at Arabia's
very center; the latter in the Sham
mar region somewhat to the north
ward, their respective capitals being
Riyadh and HAIL. Approximately
two centuries ago, an ancestor OF
the present Saud mastered virtually
all of Arabia, just like his de-
scendant, until he fell afoul Of the
combined forces of the Turks and
Egyptians.
Evening star., 1948-05-16

on the watershed between the Ara
bian desert and the coastal plain,
Jerusalem was established near an
cient trade routes. 1t became known
as place of refuge for travellers.
Central, but aloof; defensible, but
not commanding" is the way one
scholar describes its status.
Had Many Conquerors
About 1400 BIC. the city was a
vassal of Egypt, and there still exist
tablets sent to the Pharaoh from
Jerusalem asking for aid against an
expected attack. In 104S BIC. the
Hebrew leader David captured the
citadel. His son Solomon put up a
temple of the Israelites. Succeed
ing waves of conquerors included
Macedonians, Romans, Persians and
Evening star., 1948-05-16

,"but that was when the Germans
were still trying to be very correct.
I took a strong line and they let me
20. They never did find out who
my grandfather was-in fact they
seemed impressed when told them
I had a grandparent born in Ger
many"
DR.. Longuet received a reporter
and photographer in large, sunny
dining room. The table was neatly
set for an appetizing French bour-
geois lunch. He reminisced about
Marx as a kindly old man who used
to come see his grandchildren at
Argenteuil-then a well-to-do resi-
Dental suburb on the Seine.
Evening star., 1948-05-16

The eldest of the family was Jean,
who later became a Socialist men,
ber of the French Chamber Of Dep
uties. He died in 1888. Jennie,
named for her mother, lives with
her brother Edgar. Neither she nor
Marcel was invited to Moscow.
Marcel did not join the childhood
Evening star., 1948-05-16

strolls with the author of "Das
Kapital." 1t was Marcel that Marx,
in one of his last letters, calls the
Noble Unknown" He was five
months old then and apparently
Marx had not yet learned his name.
Marcel came to be a political re-
porter for the biggest dailies of
Evening star., 1948-05-16

the presumed site of the tomb of
Jesus.
Safeguarding these shrines has
become an objective of concern to
large sections Of the worlds people.
But Jerusalem itself is much
greater entity than the old walled
area.
Old Section Surrounded
The outer city, developed since
1858, spreads in all directions across
the hills and valleys Of Biblical
Canaan. The British made it. the
capital of inundated Palestine, and
now Jews constitute about 100000
of It's 100000 population. Modern
Office buildings and apartment
houses on broad avenues completely
surround the narrow alleys Of the
Evening star., 1948-05-16

with the Rashidi and undertook 10
put Saud in, his place. That was
a bad move, because SSud presently
defeated both hls opponents.
However, before this happened,
two of the Sherif's sons had, with
British backing themselves, mount
ed thrones. The elder son, Feisal,
became King Of Iraq or Mesopo-
tamia. The younger son, Abdullah,
became. ruler over Trans-Jordan,
the state carved out of the original
British mandate over Palestine.
Both dynasties have taken root
The grandson of Feisal I is King
of Iraq, while Abdullah is still very
much alive and has ambitions OF
ruling over Palestine and much be-
sides. But this means an enduring
rivalry between the Husseinis and
Saud, who has his own ideas as to
who should be paramount In the
Arab world.
Two Kings Still Rivals
Another ruling family with vault
ing ambitions is that of Egypt. 1t
was approximately a century and
a half ago that a masterful AL
banian adventurer named Mehemed
Ali made himself the ruler of Egypt,
then a dependency of the Ottoman
Empire, and the dynasty he founded
has continued to occupy the Egyp-
tian throne. Egypt is by far the
wealthiest, most populous and most
prosperous part of the Arab world.
AS for the Arab states of Syria
and, Lebanon, those former French
mandates have attained independ.
Evening star., 1948-05-16
Time Fast Running Out
For Hawaiian Statehood
Secretary Krug Wonders if, Like Banquos
Ghost, the 10Th State Question Will
Plague National Conscience
BY ! A. Krus,
Ssersfary Of the Interior

THE Department of administrative
United States Secretary
statehood not Hawd but also for Alaska
plea ghost to return
again again troubled national conscience In world
institutions Of democratic govern
men this plea leave the integrity Of
territorial policy open doubt and challenge?
solely with the United States
Evening star., 1948-05-16
New Poland
: Being Born
Nationalist Spirit
Backs Effort to
Restore Realm
By Dovid M. NichoI

WARSAW-The Polish people
have come through their time Of
political troubles and are settling
down with amazing energy to the
job Of rebuilding their country.
None, including some of Its own
members, believes the government
is broadly popular. Yet formal OPP
position has almost disappeared.
The !. self -exiled Peasant leader,
StanisIaw Mikolajczyk, scarcely is
mentioned any more.
The differences which kept Po-
land In constant turmoil for almost
two years after the end Of the war
seem to have been absorbed and
sublimated in the colossal task OF
reconstruction.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1948-10-15
0uestion-When do you think tir&
battle of Armaaeddon will take pIaoeE

battle of Armaeeddon will take places
/ Answer-Under the sixth plague,
Just before the coming Of Christ, a6.
icording to Revelation, the sixteents
chapter.
7 o.-Do you believe In guardian So
1ele?
+, A.-Matthew 1910 really answers
this question: "Take heed that ye der
spise not one Of these little ones; for {
say unto you, That in heaven theiF
angels do always behold the face of Ms
Father which is in heaven" (See also
Acts 12:15.)
O.-Please explain Ezra 1o:11:" NoVA
therefore make confession unto this
Lord God of your fathers, and do lila
pleasure: and separate yourselves
from the people of the land, and frort
.he strange wives"
A-This text refers to those Israeli
ites who had, contrary to Gods IT,
struction, taken wives from the sur
rounding heather tribes. Here they
were instructed to separate from thr;r:.
Q.-Will you pray for boy and girl,
friends of mine, who have had J BAD
N.nmpe to follow?
Ayes, we will pray and thousand.
BE- The Voice of Prophecy Prayer CiIel4
will pray also. SOa-a.92~ we must Fiv >
"a account to God kE~ zIIs cntsdren tbtI
Come into our home. In Jeremiah IS
30, this question is asked: "Where -
the flock that was given thee, tily
beautiful flock7" God grant that We
may all be able to answer: "Beho;G
/ and the children which God hath
given me-" Hebrews 2:13.
2.-ls it necessary to have the lie
gree of D. D. to be a minister?
A-Most ministers do not have 10
1t is an honorary degree, given in REG
r9rition Of outstanding service. Th
greatest preacher this world has evs'
known had no degree, the LORD J,s1e
Christ. OF Him certain men OF ths
day said: How knoweth this man
letters, having never learned?" John
7:15. That is, He had never had the
accepted degree of theology. We neel
much humility in teaching the Wore
of God. Corinthians 2:7, 6: "Bu;
we speak the wisdom Of God in mvs
terry, even the hidden wisdom. which
God ordained before the world IDte
our glory: which none Of the prince,
OF this world knew: for had the,
.known It. they would not have crael
s1ed the Lord Of glory"
I'd. Note: Address your questions to tb
y DfprE QUESTION COLUMN. The Voic
~ fraa..rr. INK S., rs 4aec'es s.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1948-10-15
Memhcr@@h.p Crusade

The Membership Crusade launch
ed in the September Board for an
increase in our membership seems
to be creating quite bit of inter
est.
The presidents have begun to get
in on the drive We hope to make
this an outstanding event in the AS
ISOLATION.
A H. B. A. Membership Crusade
has been launched for 500 members.
This crusade will terminate in the
December Board All presidents are
asked to join in this all important
Crusade in order that our member
ship might be strengthened.
A check-up on our deaths up to
the September Board revealed that
we had total Of 106 deaths. This
being true, it is absolutely necessary
that we put forth some efforts to
increase our membership.
We want more members and we
need more members, however, the
Association does not want this in
cease bad enough for presidents to
take in applicants who are bad risks.
Presidents, you are the gates and
through these gates, whatever is TAX
en- in the Association, good or bad,
you are the cause. Please use pre-
caution.
All applications turned over to the
General Presidents in the September
Board will be counted in this CRU
SADIE. Renewals from the June
Board back will be counted.
PRIZES TO BE OFFERED
$4,000 in cash prizes will be Of
fered as follows:
$500 for the LIST highest number
over Is.
$1,000 for the End hig hest number
over Is.
$1,000 for the 3rd highest number
over Is.
S for the 4th highest number over
Is.
S 500 for the 5th highest number
over II.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1948-10-15
Notice to Local Lodges

We wish to take this medium to
write this open letter to our local
LODGES. There are some local lodges
that never make a contribution
through the Echo with reference to
the doings and works in their local
lodge, church or community. 1 am
asking each local president to APP
point a reporter from the lodge to
send in local news. Condense the
news and yet, you can make it in
teresting.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1948-10-15

The man who'll be elected PresL
dent in 1860 may be walking down
your block right now,
He doesn't know he's headed for
the White House any more than
you can accurately predict what
you'll be doing u years from nov.
But you can take a lot OF the guess
work out OF yam future BY building
p cushion Of savings 10 fall back Oh
just in case,
Byy,ns u.s.. Savings Bonds or the
new automatic, almost psinla=s
Fond A Month Plan offere wa
vaa3elf1iiy easy way to h.li14 such
y, l-.elioa.
.r. bank IS the piece y, SIN W
+ II tlisa4le, sure, coavenier. NAY to
=, e ior youI f1suIe. be.t-e atcp IN
g. vour bank lodav and get s.il :hc
f.tala And re-ue7oSer T&sa Y on
? sa up for tie oao5 A-N,-2,a rla-.
!,e.a o-e-,aag 800 @---@u-e &
I'~ar"iai eecuf'4sg "'et So e~!f al q
5 sns 5---
t1r Governments ~ Led Savi.:Ss
Epuds are ABSOLUTELY = paJ
y6a back $40o for cvecy $500 ycu
plt H. en-, after " years!
AMERICAS SECURITY
Is YQuR SfGyAlTE5
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1948-10-15

sfsssl-ss'.s .,1a.7' ~ 4f4-..A =. q g
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1948-10-15

4 Any sore that does not heal
IL - particularly about the
tongue, mouth or lips, Do not
pass it off as nothing at all" Go
to the doctor.
. A painless lump or thicken-
O. ing, especially in the breast,
lip, or tongue. Don't wait ito see
what happens" Go to the doctor.
q Irregular bleeding or dis
W charge from any natural
body opening. Do not wait for
pain. Go to the doctor.
Il Progressive change in the
r. color or size of a wart, mole
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18
Louisiana kiIots
$5,0o0To Negro
State Fair

NEW ORLEANS, Aug. Is -
{ANP)-For the first time in the
history of the state, the Louisiana
legislature appropriated $4,000 to
help in the production of the
Louisiana State Negro fair, it
was announced this week by the
Rev. w. Scott Chinn, president
of the Louisiana State Colored
Fair association, sponsor Of the
event.
The fair will be held in New
Orleans, Sept. 21-27. 1t has the
approval of the state government
as an official fair.
Leading Negro schools includ-
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18
NEGRO DOCTORS
GIVEN LIMITED HOS
PITAL PRIVILEGES

LYNCHBURG, Va, Aug. 18-
(ANP)-Limited hospital facili-
ties for the use of Negro doctors
were given at the local hospital
here, it was announced last week.
Practice of colored medica will
be limited to colored patients,
Robert S. Hudgins, administrator,
said. These privileges have been
awarded on a trial basis until
Dec. 81.
This decision by the hospital
came as a result of a ~ year
fight by physicians for the right
to treat their patients in a local
hospital. The fight was led by
DR.. R. Walter Johnson, chair
man of the committee of colorel
doctors; DR.. Leon Braswell and
DR.. Robert Wesley.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18
Page Three

Most Africans want neither
Britain nor Italy as a trustee.
The Somalis have requested that
the Big Four, as a group, serve
as their trustee powers. If there
is not sufficient unity among the
Big Four to cooperate to prepare
100000 Africans for self
government, then they prefer a
trustee power from among some
small, non-imperialist nation like
Sweden. They don't want to be
the pawn of Big Four intrigue.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18
Negro Population
Steadily Increasing

BOSTON,, Aug. 18, (ANP)-
In a special release from the To-
cal office of the bureau of the
census it was revealed that the
Negro population of the U. S.
has been estimated at 15,017,00O
as of April, 1947. This figure is
said to represent an increase Of
about 100000, or 11.6 percent
over the 13,454,4O5 figure re-
ported in April, 1910. Although,
in the words of the release, this
increase was much smaller than
the increase of $4,000 in the
white population, the rate of in
crease was somewhat higher than
that of the white population,
which was about 7.5 per cent.
The rate Of growth of the non
white urban population since
April, 1910, has been reported
about 1877 per cent. This percent
age was substantially higher than
that of the white urban popula-
ton, about 1O.1 per cent. In the
south, the region with the larg-
est non-white population in 1947,
as we'll as in 1910, there was rel
atively little change in the total
non-white population.
There is, however, evidence Of
a pronounced shift of Negroes
from rural to urban areas in the
south. In the remainder of the
country, the Negro population in
crease about 100000 or 59.2
per cent. AS a result, the proper
ton of the Negro population liv-
ing in the south declined from
about 74.4 per cent to about 60
per cent during the seven years
since the last census.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18
Math Problems Used
To Test P~rejudieial
Attitudes

EAST LANSING, Mich. Aug.
18 (ANP)-Mathematics is said
to hold a clue as to how much
prejudice an individual has agains
Jews, Negroes, Catholics and
other religious or racial groups,
it was disclosed here last week.
An ingenious experiment, con-
Quoted by DR.. Milton Rokeach,
now Of Michigan State college,
with students of the University
of California, claims that highly
prejudicial individuals think diff
ferently from unprecedented peo-
pie.
DR.. Robeach's findings are that
prejudiced people are o rigid
in their thinking and think less
abstractly. The problems used are
those of measuring water by using
three jars, which in various forms
are we'll known to college stu
dents.
One complicated way measures
out exactly % quarts by using
a 31-quart jar, a 81 quart jar
and a a quart jar. The 81 quart
jar is filled first. From this, the
81 quart jar is filled, leaving 80
quarts in the 81 quart bottle.
Then the 4quart jar is filled
twice, leaving only % quarts in
the 81 quart bottle.
Another variation uses a %,
40 and 3 quart jars to measure
out exactly 20 quarts. Simplest
was is to fill the % quart bottle
and fill the 3 quart jar from this
leaving exactly 20 quarts.
The concreteness Of these tests
revealed that the prejudiced man
is more likely to use scratch pa
per instead of figuring it out in
his head. Some Of the students
used the same sort of complicat-
ed solution they used in the first
problem. Others simply made use
Of the 23 and 8 quart jars.
DR.. Rokeach holds that highly
prejudiced people seem less able
to change their method of attack
and see the more direct way of
solving problems. He believes
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18
BISHOPS MEET,
Make PLANS FOR
WHEREFORE

WHEREFORE, o., Aug. 18-
(ANP)-A debt Of $4,000 for
Wilberforce university was an
nounced last week as the schools
executive board of five AME bis
hops met and mapped out plans to
make the school an accredited in
stitution once more.
Despite the large debt of the
school, the bishops confidently
stated that they expected to pull
the school out of it's present rut
and raise it once more to the top.
Of the total debt, $4,000 is
owed to the Citizens National
bank in Zenia. 1t is to be paid
in September. Teachers are owed
$4,000 in back salary, and sum-
mer school teachers are owed
about $4,000.
The five bishops, who make up
the first AME educational area,
have underwritten the $4,000 to
be paid to the Citizens bank.
In the reorganization scheme,
the executive board announced
that the Wherefore high school
unit will be closed. 1t also voted
100000 for operation and main
tenance during 1948-49 school
year. The bishops expect to pay
the bank and the teachers by Oct
ober.
A new three story building
which will house 100 students
and serve as an administration
and chapel is being erected for
Payne Theological seminary which
was recently moved to Wilberforce
DR.. John H. Lewis revealed.
In order to assure return of
Wherefore to an accredited sta
tus under the North Central as
ISOLATION, the board Of trustees,
the president, the faculty and Of
ficers of the school are working
together tremendously.
"Wilberforce university is the
oldest, the best, owned, controlled
and manned from the janitor to
president by Negro leaders. 1t has
within the past few years had a
serious setback, but day is break
ing-it is now in the hands of
new administrators"
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18

concluded from page y
law. Russia, %preferring a weak
Italy on her near eastern flanks.
rather than the British navy. is
for the present backing the Ital.
ians in order to get the British
out.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18

ACCOLADE: To Gov. Young
dahl of Minnesota for his deter
mlnation to %intergrate the Ma
tional guard. Quite a man, is this
scandinavian.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18

that they are O. inclined to
think the problem through in
words and use scratch paper.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-08-18

ing Tuskegee, Xavier, billiard,
Prairie View and numerous other
institutions have been asked to
participate.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-02-06
Women SqueIch Gripers;
Put EN- on Committees

Gripping doesn't go in Noel, Mo-,
and it's a women's organization
of all things-that's putting a stop
to it.
Every time someone growls
about a situation" its leader says,
1--WE put them on a committee to
straighten it out" Strengthening
it OUT so far has meant turning
the city dump into public park,
providing equipment for city ten
mis- courts, instituting a sanitation
and cleanup program, and Install
ing several public drinking foun-
tains.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-02-06
Farm Income Gains

The plea for support in agricul-
tural areas will stem mainly from
the wholesale prosperity which
farmers now are enjoying. Evidence
of this prosperity is contained in
official figures tabulating gross farm
income.
In 1920, generally conceded
prosperous year after World
War l, gross farm income to-
tailed SIS, 9O8, 900 200. In the gold
en- year of 1929 it was S13,824,-
100000. Hard hit by the depres-
sion, farmers had a gross in
come of only S7,O55, OOO, 600 in
1888. Figures for recent years
show gross farm income of $685.
1873 ,000, 900 in 1916 and S3i, 00O,-
000, 900 in 1917.
Administration a h n S, Of
course attribute this phenomenal
gain to the triple A act, the COM
modify credit corporation act. crop
insurance and the principle of parity
prices and price supports.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-02-06
4S # 4
REp0RzxRz
In Fighting Mood
IN WASHINGTON

In Fighting Mood
THE echoes and re-echoes
L of pure politics." of "po-
litical demagogery' and of
"out Wallacin Wallace
which have come from the
halls Of congress in response to
President Humans state of the un-
ion message were to be expected in
this year A. D. 1913. For it is an
election year.
But with exception of his refer
ence to the Marshall plan and his
tax reduction program, every single
recommendation in the Presidents
message was contained in his state
OF the union message in 1916 and
again in 1947.
The difference was that this
year President Truman was in
fighting mood. Even his voice,
If you heard it over the radio,
was a challenge to the hostile,
silent faces before him in the
we'll Of the house of representa-
tives. He was talking, not to
those men sitting stolidly in
semi-circular rows before him,
but over their heads to the peO-
pie of the nation.
Certainly, it was political
speech. Factually it was his party
platform, put forward and nailed on
the wall for the Republicans and
many hostile Democrats to shoot at
six months prior to the party con-
vention in July. President Truman
is an experienced politician and he
is not SO naive as to expect many Of
his recommendations to pass.
In early December your Home ToVn
Reporter tVrote in this column concern.
ing The Presidents message, IBIS message
to congress WiH make play for The fre.
mend0ns independent and liberal pote.
The dope is bis message may include rec.
concentrations :. for legislation in tbs
fapor OF tbe Roosepeltian era" Since then
Our mail has contained many letters crit.
cal Of that prediction. In answer ne can
only point to fbe Presidents message it.
self. Fact is The President had made up
bis MIND on The liberal tenor OF bis mes.
sage and orr Prediction nas made long
beJUe he"p " Hfase Oe(aWe q CaNAt-
date for The presidency.
Among the Presidents major rec
concentrations were extension of So
cial security benefits and coverage,
continued farm price supports,
more crop insurance, higher mini
mum wages, strengthening of anti
trust and monopoly laws, and extern
sion of other social and economic re-
forms originally enacted by the
Roosevelt administration.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-02-06
Honorable Discharge

Known from every tiny hamlet in
this country to every foreign shore
where U. S. troops fought, the
United Service organizations (USO)
has closed its tour of duty with a
resounding well done" President
Truman awarded an honorable dis
charge" to the organization which
for seven years provided entertain
ment and comfort for U. S. armed
forces and their allies. at dis
charged its wartime responsibility
with signal distinction" he said.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-02-06
!, ASK ME .
, ANOTHER {
A General Quiz
O. OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES

l. What is a brumal month?
2. In what country is Amharic
spoken?
3. Which is the higher in rank,
marquis or an earl?
4. Did the 7-day week originate
in historic or prehistoric times?
S. From what part of the whale
is whale bone taken?
6. Is the word corpse correctly
applied to anything but the human
body?
7. Does fog indicate bad weather
to come?
8. What is the difference be-
tween standard coins and token
coins?