Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-05-05

FOLLOWING is partial teri of d
statement BY Secretary OF State
Marshall before the House For.
eton Affairs Committee today:
The United Nations was specifi-
cally designed to preserve the
peace and not to make the peace
The task Of making the peace set
Elements was specifically recognized
by Article lot of the Charter rs
one for the responsible victor
power.
The United Nations can assist in
this task, but the improvement OF
the United Nations machinery would
not in itself solve the problem
Since the most important Of the
peace settlements have not been
agreed upon, the United Nations has
been compelled to carry on its ac-
tivities under world conditions far
different from those contemplated
by the Charter.
1t was obvious to the trainers OF
the Charter Of the United Nations
that an effective organization to
preserve the peace must include
every major power. The San Fran
cisco Conference created an organi-
zation, the purposes and principles
of which correspondent with the OBJ
jectives of the United States for
eign policy.
This organization was designed to
consolidate and strengthen over a
long period of time the foundations
Of peace through common action in
solving political, economic, social,
cultural and health problems.
1t was found possible to 90 consider
ably farther than the League Of
Nations in the establishment Of en-
forcement machinery, but ut the
San Francisco Conference none Of
the major powers was prepared to
grant to this organization the right
of enforcement against a major
power.
The aspirations of the people of
the world as set forth in the
Charter of the United Nations have
been shaken by developments since
the summer OF 1945. 1t gradually
became apparent that the postwar
conditions anticipated at San Fran
cisco were not being realized.
The failure of concerted action by
the major Allies rendered it neces-
sary for the United States Govern
ment to attempt to create the de-
sired postwar conditions IN CO.
operation with other states willing
to do so.
Soviet Misconceptions.
1t became progressively clearer
that serious misconceptions pre-
vailed in the minds OF the leaders
of the Soviet Union concerning
western civilization and the posi-
bilities for developing stabilized
working relations between the Soviet
Union and the other members of the
community Of nations. 1t is mis-
conception to suppose that DONNA
ton of the world by single system
Is inevitable.
1t is a misconception to suppose
that differing systems cannot live
side by side in peace under the basic
rules of international conduct pre-
scribed by the Charter Of the United
Nations. These rules are obligatory
upon all members.
A fundamental task Of the United
Nations and OF our foreign policy
is to dispel the misconceptions OF
the Soviet leaders and to bring
about more realistic view Of what
is possible and what Is impossible
in the relationship between the
Soviet Union and the world at large.
Action Along General Lines.
Our realization of the need for
this equilibrium has led to action
along several lines, all designed to
create conditions favorable to the
working of the United Nations. The
first necessary step was to insure
the freedom and independence of
the members.
The ability of democratic peoples
to preserve their independence in
the fact of totalitarian threats de-
pendS upon their determination 10
do SC. That determination in turn
depends upon the development of
a healthy economic and political
life and a genuine sense Of security.
U. S. Providing Economic Aid.
Therefore, the United States Gov
eminent is responding to requests
to provide economic assistance to
various countries in Europe and
elsewhere. The United States is
cooperating with 16 European
countries in a recovery program
providing for self help and mutual
aid.
The United States Government is
now considering the steps necessary
to bring the national military es-
Enlistment to the minimum level
to restore the balance of