davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-03
Definition, please
To the Editor:

AS reader Of your paper
I will appreciate, if possible,
to see an explanation in your
paper of the meaning of COM
munism, socialism, ,fascism,
their interconnection, their pol
icies, their legality as parties,
their possibility for advance
ment of the average American
citizen.
Now you may tell me that
there are other sources where
I can obtain that information
but so far any of the other
sources I have consulted did
not satisfy my curiosity.
have clouded up my mind.
And I have reached the con-
clusion that in a country where
majority rule is established by
democratic balloting, there is
no room for communism, fas-
cism, or Ku Klux Klanism.
v. ACKERMANS
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-03

Ens+e;r ment. Industry
is tooling up for
war orders. The stock market
is rising in expectation of prof
its higher than those Of 1947,
already the highest on record.
Contentious that this is unnec-
essary are already being des-
cribed as treason"
THE Russians have just de-
modified all rank-and-filers in
their army except recruits born
in 1926-27 who are too young
to have had any combat expe-
rience in World War II. Rus
sia's army is still large but is
on a peacetime basis.
Russia has no atom bomb
so far as is known. Even if she
has developed one secretly il
connot be dropped here. Amer
lean military experts tell us
that Soviet air force develop
ment concentrates mainly on
jet fighters for defensive inter-
ception-not in heavy bombers
TO take atom bombs or any
other kind. over long distances.
Soviet naval strength, ac-
cording to anti-Russian mill
tary analyst Hanson Baldwin
in the New York Times March
"a, is small, obsolete and UNI
balanced" Baldwin also says
Russia is not known to have
single aircraft carrier, though
just one, carrying so planes,
"may have been launched"
Fleet personnel totals about
900, 900. "Most of them do not
serve at sea but in coast de-
Tense"
THIS shows a Russia anxious
about defense. Not a single
word by any Soviet politician,
soldier or newspaper has been
reported as dealing with attack
on the U.S.-in strong contrast
to many utterances here.
On March "a, for instance,
us. Maj. Gen. Claire Chen
nault said that American air
bases in west China "could be
used to bomb out of existence
the laboriously constructed So
Wet war industry in the Urals
Russia)."
On the contrary. The new
Soviet Ambassador in WASH
ington has described conflict as
unthinkable and asked nor
NAL political and trade rela-
lions which correspond TO the
interests of both countries"
THIS being the case, it is
hard not to draw the conclu-
sion that the chief danger of
war, and of us. involvement
in it, comes from the war scare
being, whipped up right here.
That scare has a very flimsy
material foundation.
These facts justify a ques-
ton that must be put again
and again until it is answered
factually, convincingly and
fully:
us war or the threat of war
necessary 70 solve these issues?
Why has the war hYsteria been
created? Whom does it profile"
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-03

m e di a t e con-
.scription of other
young men UNI
der S e e tiv e
service.
1t is proposed
that $40 billion
more of taxpay-
ers' mon e y be
spent on rearma-
ment. Industry
&c t0oIino i'm for
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-03
= FF1EHft
WIS H'''t.. IL
Here S the s64
question on the
war hysteria

THE us. is being shifted
Il to a war footing or at any
rate to a prewar basis. Pres.
Truman has asked for years
of young mems lives in univer-
sal military training and inn
Evening star., 1948-02-25
.yle Sweet, 90, 1901 N st. NV, and
Mildred Hiltz, 10, 1922 South Capitol

Kyle Sweet, 80. 1901 N at. NV, and
Mildred Hiltz. 10, 4022 South Capitol
St.
John Federico. 81. 1917 Trinidad ave. me-.
and Frances Harris -. $500 1st St. nv.
man, SO, both OF -04 = st. ne.
Hiegfried Richelsen "::. 1880 East Capitol
st., and Josephi:-c Gardiol, 20, Airing
ton, Va.
George Richardson, 2r. 223 q st. NV,
and Carrie Mann, 16. Ala r st. NV.
Clarence Thomas 55. Jamaica Plain,
Mass, and Efma Smith, 45, Roxbury,
Louis Eisenmeneer. 35. a3os 18th pl. me-,
and Janet Bickhart. 25, $500 Ge0rsis
Louis Castro. AZ. s7ss 9th st. NV. and
MARA hsvs az drabe = Key
52. both Of 613 9th st. NV.
| Alvin Marshall. %, Naval Receiving Sta
| tion, and Elsie Hamilton, 90, Baltimore.
Milford Feldman. 90, 44g9 Georgia ave
NV. and Tobia Rosen. 1s, 4501 9th
Frederick DiehI. 40. 1749 Columbia rd
NV. and Mildred Garner, 20, $500
1 18th St NV
Evening star., 1948-02-25

Under D. C. ldiDs, couples must
apply for q marriage license on
one day, toait three full days and
receipe the license on the fifth
day. Sundays and holidays are
counted the same as other days.
John Williams. IT., &c.. and Mabel Brown,
| 32, both Of Richmond.
Jane, "a. Morssn & e 9sos as Eys ts s. nv and
,3s. both Of s1e srd St. ne.
" son. IS. both both Of f2 81 3 % St. % ne. ~
George Gossey, 2S, and Elizabeth Jacobs,
25, both Of Alexandria. Va; 80 j.
NE. and Elsie Palmer. II. SRA Grant
James : johnson, "A, and Ellen walker, 10,
Aa5s Msfr eHaIhss gashson g. 1925 10Th M as sn'
Wfllsss hess BToTn both vi Fl e ana e na Mae6ee
Thomas Austin. jr.. so: 1906 II st. ne,
and Naomi Green. 27, 912 s ST.. NV.
Freddie Owens. q, 1919 Emerson st: n.e.'
joseph sas Ess RdsoR Bruss s. 81 Sis f kesfsr s p
and Mary wilkins, %, 2s16 Military
Ray potterf, 90, 14a5 East Capitol St, and
/ Leo Novits, SO, Norfolk. Va. and Kath-
/ Tyn Cornwel. 20, 1106 L st. NV.
4 Wiliif N Holeman.. 90, 512 21st st. NV,
i and Thelma jackson. 22. 1925 H st. n W.
4 James Woodland. %. 4402 Foote st. ne !;
4 and Delilah Davis, 25, 31s New York
BENJAMIN Lewis. 80. Woodstock, vt, and
Beatrice Hawkes., 25. s23o Massachu-
william ifhsS aYs Eiiis. "a. 1914 Ritchie I'd. se
and Catherine Jongkindt 23, 2506 24th
John sinko. 80. and Anna oreschkina. 25
g eornstt ss and M stephane Falcon
rbo@as ss l7is gernocsc &C. NJ 81 Naval Receivins
Station. and Lillian Jankowski, 27. 319
vincent mt Fabrizio, "A, Ut Gallatin st. NV,
and Ella Royston, 10, 3105 18th SD
Cecil Taft. 81, Patuxent River, Md, and
John williams, 26. 1905 Adams Mil I'd
H NV, and Carlee Tammaro, 1S, 5133
II Macarthur blvd. NV:
II Hugh Swats. SO. $40 North Carolina ave
II Sc. and Nina Hensley, 33, 922 14th
James Moore. jr.. 81, and kathleen Ready,
1s. both of Arlington Va Ma
and Mary Goods, IS, 3939 Burns pl. Sc;
'0an Betty sfeTa Goth, g. 1850 Park Ua I'd I'd. NV NV
H stad, q, both of 1772 Massachusetts,
william Hilton, r.. "a, and Julia Jones,
q, beth to, Of Bilisiae III sa,t No ns;vo,r ". and
u Marie Mikolaski, .19, 405 Anacostia
ri Sc
Evening star., 1948-02-25

survey was to be explained in .
meeting at 1880 pm. on the steps
of the university library. DR.. john
son planned to be the first to take
the chest examination at Freedmens
Hospital after the ceremony.
Evening star., 1948-02-25
Howard U. to Stort
Chest X-Ruy Drive

President Mordecai w. Johnson oi
Howard University was to take part
this afternoon in ceremonies mark
ing the start of a three-week drive
to X-ray 1000 Howard students and
instructors, in connection with the
city-wide tuberculosis survey.
The public health value Of the
Evening star., 1948-02-25
Marriage License
Applications

Under D. c. laacs, couples must
apply for a marriage license on
one day, toait three fuu days and
receiue the license on the fifth
day. Sundays and holidays are
counted the same as other GdyS.
Evening star., 1948-07-19

The Most Rev. Patrick A. oBoyle,
archbishop of Washington, paid an
all-day visit to the Merrick Boys
Camp at Maryland Point yesterday
and dedicated the camps new
chapel.
The chapel is to be known as st.
Mary's Chapel, named for the
Blessed Virgin. 1t was pointed out
also that it does honor to Miss
Mary Merrick, founder of the Christ
Child Society who interested a group
of men in forming the Merrick Boys
Camp some 10 years ago. The camp
takes care Of underprivileged boys
for two-Week vacation each sum-
mer. More than 800 boys are ex-
pected to attend the camp this year,
according to C. j. Mack, president.
Archbishop O'Boyle, along with 80
directors and their families, spent
the day at the 300-acre Camp
Naniemoy located about S. miles
from Washington on the lower
Potomac River. The archbishop
presided at the II am. mass and
then spent the rest of the day
watching the program the 1872 camp
ers planned, including a chicken
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Boston Marines Invade
Virqiniu With Beuns
By the Associofed Press

NORFOLK, Va. July 19.-The
Massachusetts, Marine I'd Infantry
Battalion Reservists successfully in
vaded Virginia yesterday with THE
aid of Bottoms secret weapon-beans
Here for two weeks amphibious
training at Little Greek Marine
Base, they presented to Brig. Gen
w. A. Worton, USMC, commanding
officer, crock of baked beans and
found an immediate ally in alien
territory.
The beans were a gift from Gov
Bradford of Massachusetts and were
presented by 1t. Col. James j. Du-
gan, battalion commanding officer
Gen. Worton welcomed the mer
with the confession that he, too, was
a Bostonian and a graduate of Bos-
ton Latin School.
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Float Display Lifts Curtain
For Chicago Railroad Fair
By the Associated Press

CHICAGO, July 19.-Reproduc-
tions of ancient and modern loco
motives mounted on floats rolled
through the Loop today, providing a
curtain raiser for Chicago's Rail-
road Fair opening on the lake front
tomorrow.
The parade was held in two sec
tions, military and railroad. Head
ing the railroad section was Mrs.
John Luther Casey" Jones, 80,
whose husband, hero Of the ballad,
died in q railroad wreck in April,
1900. Indians from the Southwest
and cowboy riding and roping
champions also were included in the
railroad section.
The military section was made up
of contingents from the Army, Navy,
Marine Corps and National Guard.
The fair will be officially opened
at a flag-raising ceremony at 9 am.
tomorrow at the Twenty-third
Street entrance to the fair grounds.
Officials of the fair said they ex-
pect at least 100000 visitors to the
fair which ends Labor Day.
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Army Asked TO Authorize
Staten Island Bridge Plan

NEW YORK. July 10 (P.-The
Triborough Bridge and Tunnel
Authority has asked the Army De-
partment for permission to build the
worlds longest suspension bridge
between Brooklyn and Staten Island.
The six-lane vehicular toll bridge
estimated to cost $75,000O00 at
present prices-would span the Mar
rows at the entrance to New York
Harbor.
The Authority, which announced
the application yesterday, said the
bridge could not be reality in less
than 10 years, because of financing
needs and lengthy construction.
The Authority's plan to 60 ahead
with the bridge was first announced
last September by Robert Moses, its
chairman.
A bridge across the Narrows, a
40-year-old dream of city planners,
has been opposed in the past by the
War Department (now the Army
Department. which said it might
close the harbor to navigation if it
was wrecked in wartime.
The projected bridge would give
motorists a through route from
New Jersey highways to those run
ming across Long Island to the Bronx
and New England, and through
Manhattan to Upstate New York.
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Palestine
Continued From First Page.

fire will not bring real peace to Pal
estine. 1t called the truce "a gap in
an honorable Jihad Choly war;
which can only terminate in victory
Arab troops, the leagues Political
Committee announced, ARE ready
to resume the struggle when neces-
sary until their objectives are
reached"
Threat Of Sanctions Cited.
| Abdel Rahman AZZam PaSha
secretary general of the seven-na-
ton league, told the U. N. that the
Arabs had to accept the new truce
because:
The Security Council persisted in
considering the continuation of the
war a threat to world peace.
The Council expressed threat to
apply sanctions against the Arab
states if they refused to stop fight
ing.
Under the Councils cease-fire
order, failure of either side to COM
ply automatically demonstrated q
breach of world peace. The Coun-
Gil then would be committed to
consider invoking its most potent
weapons under the U. N. Charter
diplomatic sanctions, economic
sanctions and international land
sea and air forces.
/ Azzam PaSha said the Arab States
do not find any justification in the
Councils attitude except that II
represents a desire of the great
powers to help the Zionists realize
their ambitions in Palestine to the
detriment of the Arabs.
/ Conditions Put on Truce.
In notifying the U. N. of the
Arabs acceptance of the cease-fire
Azzam Pasha placed three condi.
tions on the new truce:
/. Jewish immigration must be
completely stopped during the truce
2. Palestinian Arab refugees mus
be allowed to return to their homes
A Tel Aviv dispatch said we'll ovel
250,0 Palestine Arabs have flee
from their homes.
3. A definite time limit must be SCI
on the truce. 1t must not be for al
indefinite period.
Besides the League reply. three O.
the Arab states - Egypt, Trans
Jordan and Syria-cabled separate
acceptances of the truce t.
Count Bernadotte's headquarters il
Rhodes
i U. N. staff members in Rhodes
regarded as significant the fact thai
these three states-whose armie!
have been most active in Palestine
agreed to the truce without waiting
: for the final decision of the League
Political Committee.
Jerusalem Truce Restored.
Savage fighting in Jerusalem shat
tered the original cease-fire ther,
which began at dawn Saturday
The Jews improved their position
on Jerusalem's perimeter by takin,
Elm Karin, John the Baptist's re
puted birthplace
The Arabs hurled armed cars an,
infanty against the Jewish-hel
sector of Jerusalem facing the Ara
northeast corner of the city. TIL
Jews repulsed them with automati
. weapon and mortar fire.
. The Truce Commission ordere
new cease-flre at pm. Jerusaler
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Many Beat Dead|ine
On Higher Rail Fares

Railroad fares were higher today
on lines north of the Ohio and
Potomac Rivers and east of Chi
cago but hundreds Of prospective
travellers saved money by getting
tickets here at the old prices before
the deadline at midnight.
The cost went up as result of an
Interstate Commerce Commission
ruling allowing an increase of Il
and three-fourths per cent on Sleep
ing car basic fares and 20 per cent
on coach fares. The new rates dc
not apply to commuters tickets.
Because one-way tickets are good
for a year and round trip tickets
for three months, foresighted
travellers bought ahead of time at
the old rate. There were long lines
of purchasers Friday, Saturday and
yesterday at Union Station and
downtown ticket Offices. Officials
said most of the purchasers were
vacationists.
AS an Illustration, officials said a
round trip coach ticket to New York
now costs $3.50, including tax
compared with S11.50 yesterday.
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Boy With Arm in Cast
ImpuIed on Fence Spike
By the Assoeioted Press

NEW YORK, July 19.-Six-year-
old George Hindy, jr., his broken
left arm in a cast, tumbled today
while sliding down the bannister
on the front steps of Brooklyn
house and landed on top Of an
iron picket fence.
For half an hour, while his IA
ther held him to ease the pain
George lay with the 4-inch spike
In his left leg. Finally, doctor
got him down and George was taken
to hospital.
Georges broken arm was his sec
ond fracture within year. Last
October he fell while playing leap
frog over hydrant and broke his
right arm
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Machines Replacing,
British Coal Pit Ponies

Mechanical ponies" already are
replacing the sturdy pit ponies af
Britain's coal mines and the Ma
'tional Coal Board has ordered 152
fiameproof diesel locomotives for
service underground, London reports.
Costing about $4,000 each, these
engines have exhaust conditioning
and fiameproof equipment. Speedy,
sure and foolproof, they will remove
the bottleneck of transport between
the coal face and the shaft bottom,
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Is BIS Called Backbone
lOf Israeli Air Force

ROME, July 10 (P.-Three Fly
ing Fortresses have become the back
bone of the Israeli air force, and ar
American pilot says one of these
planes bombed King Farouk's pal
ace in the air raid on Cairo last
week.
The Fortresses apparently are the
Bits that mysteriously "disap-
peared" on a transatlantic flight
last month.
The three BITS were seen twice
Saturday by American correspond
ents, flying in formation low ovel
Nazareth.
CThe writer of this dispatch
arrived in Rome Sunday from
Haifa. Israeli censorship has
banned all mention of types of
aircraft aiding the Jews, and
Egyptian censorship has clouded
details of the raid on Cairo)
Raid Started Outside Israel.
According to the unconfirmed
story told in Israel by the Ameri-
can pilot, the three Flying Fort
resses took off for the Cairo raid
from some place outside of Israel.
THE first time the Bits landed
in Israel was after completing the
raid on Cairo" ne said.
There have been many unsub-
stantiated reports in Israel in re-
cent weeks that planes have been
flying into Israel from secret bases
in Italy and Corsica.
Lights were shining all over
Cairo when we flew in low, and
bright moonlight made it easy to
pick out our targets" the American
said. I'VE planted several bombs
on King Farouk's palace"
Wartime Bomber Pilot.
The American, Texan who
piloted 9th Air Force bombers
during the war, told this CORE
spondent he piloted one of the
Bits that were reported missing
after taking off from the Azores
last month.
One of the ships was reported al
that time radioing its engine wa!
afire soon after leaving the Azores
The American said the Azores radio
operator misunderstood a message
which reported gas was leaking from
one of the tanks. The trouble was
remedied shortly after and all three
planes continued on to a landing
field in Europe, he said.
The American refused to give any
further details. Like more than q
score of other American pilots ir
the Israeli air force, he kept hi!
name secret for fear, he said, o1
losing his American citizenship.
Evening star., 1948-07-19
egroGroup Demands
Johnston S Expulsion

A demand that Senator Johnston,
Democrat. Of South Carolina be ex-
PEELED from Congress when 1t con-
venes next Monday was made today
by Negro group claiming to repre-
sent more than 100000 persons.
In kilograms to President Truman
snd Gov. Dewey. Republican presi-
Dental candidate. the National
Negro Council accused the Senator
! of "disorderly behavior" charging
}-thst he had been a leader in cam
palgns to deny voting rights to
Negroes in South Carolina. The Or
ganization demanded his expulsion
under Article I, Section v of the
iConshtution, which states 80
Each house may punish Its
members for disorderly behavior
and with the concurrence of two
thirds expel member
The council has 300 900 members
1t was said. Under auspices of the
organization. however, petition
bearing 100000 names, demanding
T. special session Of Congress, was
presented to both National conven-
tions The council has Offices here
at I'LL Euclid street NV, under
direction of Edgar G. Brown.
In the kilograms, signed by Mr..
Brown, the group urged the Presi-
dent to include and give priority to
civil rights legislation in his message
to the special session of Congress
It called Mr.. Dewey to Join with the
President in urging bipartisan
civil rights program.
Mr.. Brown, who said the council
was calling National Civil Rights
Conference" to be in session here
until the Truman civil rights pro-
efram is enacted into law" de-
clared there isn't Negro outside
the insane asylum who will vote for
any member of Congress who fails
to SUPPORT civil rights legislation"
Evening star., 1948-07-19
Unto StafRecruitino
Police Force for Truce
Duty in Jerusalem
BY me Assoeiotsd Press

LAKE SUCCESS, July 1s.-The
United Nations is expected to begin
recruiting an international police
force for Jerusalem within a few
hays.
Informed quarters said one of the
first acts OF Count Folke Bernadotte,
q. N. Palestine mediator, on his ar
rival at Rhodes today will be to take
UP this question with U. N. officials.
Count Bernadotte discussed his
plans with American, French and
Belgian delegates last week before
leaving for his Middle East head
quarters. He indicated he wanted
$50 armed guards right away to help
police the Holy City. Eventually he
wants 1000 to 1900.
Asked Larger Staff.
The United States and France al
ready have agreed in principle to
permit the u. N. to recruit 1886 vol
, unteers from among their citizens.
Nothing has been done. however,
pending receipt Of a go-ahead from
Count Bernadotte.
Inc Onlted states, france ana
Belgium already have been asked
, formally to provide 300 military
observers to aid in supervising the
truce. Count Bernadotte said in
Rome last night he would concen-
trate on setting up the observation
machinery before beginning any
mediation efforts.
The mediator made it clear to
the Security Council last week that
he would need much larger staff
of observers. guards and other per-
sonnel than he had during the
recent four-week truce.
Had 80 Observers.
During that period, he had %
military ohservers-3l from each
Of the three countries which make
up the Palestine Consular Truce
Commission. Now he wants 125
each from the United States and
France and so from Belgium.
Delegates to the Security Coun-
ell, hailing the Arab acceptance of
the cease-flre as major U. N.
triumph, indicated they would leave
the situation in the hands Of Count
Bernadotte unless complications de-
velepod which called for emergency
action.