davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
Death of Presidents

Seven Presidents have died in Of
fee: William Henry Harrison, Zach
ary Taylor. Abraham Lincoln,
James A. Garfield, William McKin-
ley. Warren G. Harding and Frank
lin D. Roosevelt Only Taylor and
Roosevelt died in Office while con-
greSs was in session.
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
Navigated Lake Michicau

Jean Nicolet is credited with be-
ing the first white man to navigate
Lake Michigan. according to Ency-
cIopaedia Britannica. Sent west by
cnamplaln on voyage Of explora-
uon' ne treaded his way In a birch
canoe through the Straits Of Mack
mac and discovered Lake Michigan
In the summer of 1884.
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
SUB-DEBS

The Sub-Debs are giving a
Shamrock Hop on March II,
at the Y.M.C., formerly the
Urban League, from 7;3O to
p 80 pm. Admission is 25c
The public is invited.
Nancy Reeves, Reporter
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
SOLO FURNITURE co.
N NEW LOCATION

The Solo Furniture former
ly located at 4O8 So. 18th. has
moved into it's new modern
home at 1915 Farnam. They
cordially invite the public to
drop in and see the latest in
modern furniture and house
hold appliances, and take ad-
vantage Of the sale prices.
Service is our hobby"
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
THE DAWN DE-
LET'S CLUB

The Dawn De-Letts Club
was highly enchanted on Feb.
10Th with a three months birth
day party celebration at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Roy
West; every thing was lovely
including the after effects. The
band at the American Legion
recepted the club BY playing
Happy Birthday. Elso a solo
was sung by one Of the men,
bers Charlins Daily.
Pres. Rita Franklin.
Sec. Wiltha Lee Starkes.
Reporter, Doris McGill.
Learned Shorthand Early
James Byrnes learned to write
shorthand when 10 years old.
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
Bacteria in Cleaning

Experiments have revealed that
at least 297 times as many infective
bacteria are stirred up by sweeping
with dry broom as are released
with a vacuum cleaner-that a car
pet sweeper stirs up 19 times az
many bacteria as the vacuum de-
vice.
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
Planting Tree Seed

While millions Of ripe" trees are
being harvested to provide America
with pulp and paper. lumber, ply
wood, plastics and chemical prod
ucts, nature is sowing seeds for the
millions Of new trees that will be
the forest Of tomorrow.
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06

IsToEu 700 pue ss7us3
-usu loo 'uoII luso lad IL.t 'mnuru
-nle 20 On spem 81 ,snIo s.qlIes su,
10 lu7o led eI'8 's5eIsAe Gun u0
NV spv97 MnuIM-IV
The Omaha guide., 1948-03-06
Parking for Eaters

One parking space is required for
every so square feet Of patron space
in restaurants. according to a re-
cent survey.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

The Great Pyramid Of EGypt
one Of the seven wonders of the
world, covers - acres Of ground
and scars ga feet into the air
equal 70 the height Of Time and
Life building In New York City.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

ZiON BAPTIST NOIEA
Rev II W Bolts Of Zion Baptist
church had for hts text m ms Sunday
morning services Jesus Prayed for al
that Believed Visitors present Sun
day were MIR. J. Hudson and Reginald
Hudson, JF., Paaadena, Caih. Mr.. and
and Mrs. samuel Heron and
daughters, Mizs Jennie Heron. JAG
guellne HERON, Kansas CITY. Kan.
Mrs l.. n Frazier Mr.. Z. Smith. Mrs
Y. Smith, Mrs. Wello Lee Hart. Kan
Eas city, Kan. Mrs. Oscar Bridge
water. MIR Magic Anderson. all Of
0sld Smith. Mrs. J c, CroWdsr. Ruth
COokiey. and a. smith.
REHOBoTH CHURCH
The members OF the RshOboth
Church o. Christ are glad TO have
| them. She attended the National con-
ventiOn. which was held Of Baltimore.
Md Elder Sims vas In charge during
her absence. The third Saturday IN
July. the RehobOsh Sunday school had
its annual sunday outing. In the form
Of picnic.
MOUNT oLIvET BAPTIST
| Rev. ID. c. Whites subject AZ the
sunday morning services a. the Mt
| Otiyet Baptist church was Courage
Before tho sermon, reports from the
four state associations were made by
Mrs. y. MssEis. Mr., Milsap. and Mas
| Viola Nash reported on the National
| Gospel chorus convention.
Mrs, ATee Moore Of spTtnghili. La.
joined the church on sept Il Dorcas
| Day viii be observed. There will be
| . special afternoon service ~ J %.
Rev. white and Rev and Mrs. y. q
Harris left Monday afternoon for
| Houston, Texas, TO attend the National
Baptist convention
PIf.GRIM BAPTIST CHURCH NOTES
Last Sunday found Rev. Massey back
- the pulpit after a months vacation
Hls Labor Day 5nsaaags was entitled
pointed out that . laboTeT must feel
that he b doing . vital Job important
10 the completion Of . great task to-
Eethsf with others for God There
and Labor or We face a dead end
When men get together for good
God will be found In their midst %
iift them above themselves"
The childrenS story was entitled
The Boy Who Had What Jesus
Registered visitors were: Clare Co
wan, Chicago, Ill. Mira. c. A. White
hatcher, Mira. Ms Alice Dennis, Chi
cago. III, Marion L. Stephens. whey
Butter. CITY Editor Of 81 Paul Rscor.
der, Mrs, Lydia Fisher. Los Angeles
Gait, James q, Green and Milton
Hopkins OF Detroit, Michigan.
Music was rendered by all the sing
Ing groups, the Senior Choir, Gospel
Chorus. Youth Choir and Young wom-
Just prior 70 the Ordinance Of the
Lords Supper the eth Fellowship
Units drive vas launched by Chairman
~. A. Knott. ST. Pledge cards were
distributed for the great SAcFtkieiAl
Rally Day on Sunday, Oct. ~, is4a
We are working toward the erection Of
an Educational Unit at cost OF
80. 900. Many members pledged from
$40 20 amounts below TO be given on
Rally Day,
ON sunday. sept. u. ISAs at II am.
Rev Joseph l. Chapman. Director Of
Christian Education. Twin City Baptist
Union. win deliver the sermon He
will meet with the Church School
workers immediately after the service.
Al Q pm. Rev Massey will give the
message Special music viii be rem
dered by the Gospel Chorus All Vaca-
tionA are over. Might service both on
Sunday and midWeek are resumed.
Everybody u welcome. Worship With
IA next Sunday.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

chapter Of the American Christ
ian Palestine Committee.
Mrs. Killsn ID active In many
organizations, including the
ShiTt-sIeeves club minneapolis
professional workers in human
relations). Business and PROBES
sional Women'B Club, YWCA,
Minnesota United Nations, For
eign Policy Association, and Joint
Committee for Economic Oppor-
tunity. She is secretary Of the
executive committee Of the Citi-
zens Charter Committee. She
was an alternate 20 the 1913 Dem
ocratic National Convention.
In an interview recently Mrs.
Killen said she Is the first Mime
sofa woman 20 be endorsed by
the Central Labor Union for q
major public office (she is a
member Of local II, National Fed
Grafton Of Federal EmployeesJ
and told Of her endorsement by
the State Democratic Farmer La
Dor Convention, by the Fifth Dis
trict DBL Convention and by
other liberal organizations and
individuals in her community.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
Gerald z. Cook
Has Endorsement
of Mnhefh PaiRa

Gerald Cook. candidate for the
legislature from the 30th district
has the endorsement Of former
legislator. Macbeth Hurd Paige.
longtime champion Of the col
ored people Of the state.
Mrs. Paige who served the 30th
district for years with distinction
recently wrote Mr.. Cook as fol-
lows:
I have known Gerald Y. Cook
for q number Of years during all
Of which time he has shown an
active interest in good govern
ment.
He IL an eE-serViee man Of en-.
celicnt character and ability.
hope he will be successful in his
campaign for election TO the
state legislature from the district
in which he has lived all his life.
Macbeth Hurd Paige.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
Urban League
In Richmond

continued from page I.J
The league sponsors the contest
In conjunction with ia annual
drive 10 further vocational train.
ing.
James Franklin Alien. Of Char.
louisville, won first prize Of 500;
Miss Julia RoWena Perrin. Of Ra.
leigh. ~. C., won second prize
Of SIS: and Miss Claire Hill, Of
Washington, third prize 81 $50.
Nelson &. Jackson, director Of
the National Urban Leagues
Southern Field Division. told a
Bomipubiie session yesterday af'
tern0on that job discrimination h
NJ the root Of the many evils
rampant in the Negro community.
The league, since Us inception
In 1910. has worked for the eco
nomic bsttsrnsnt Of tho Negro ~
q fundamental Of improved inter.
Facieai relations
There IL o tremendous job be-
fare the Urban League In the
South alone In helping 90 reduce
the Reorganization caused by tho
practice Of withholding job oppor.
tunitIss 10 Negroes" Jackson
said.
Economic Reorganization IL the
phase Of the Negro problem. he
said. Tho highest average income
level which the Negro has
reached equals only the halfway
mark In income for whites. Nom
whites are the first and hardest
hit In times Of general economic
distress.
'SThs removal Of restrictions on
joba for Negroes II q must" he
concluded. ION that point large
" rests the basis for planning In
the Negro community for q bet.
ter life"
Iis suggested frequent visits "a
new Industries by league mem.
bers for the purpose Of selling
Negro workers. dovstailed with
increased emphasis on vocational
guidance and study for Negroes
Ills talk was the center Of thu
afternoons discussion group en-
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
Noted Woman
Attorney League
Speaker Sept. %

DR.. Sadie T. NJ Alexander Of
Philadelphia, noted woman at
torney and member Of the Ma
tional Urban League Executive
Board. will be the principal
speaker at the Silver Anniver-
sary dinner meeting Of the ST.
Paul Urban League which will be
held at 6:l5 in the auditorium Of
the ST. Paul YWcA, September
%.
Mrs. Alexander holds both BIS.
and Pho. degrees from the Uni
versity Of Pennsylvania. She was
the first Negro woman TO receive
q Pho. degree here in America.
Later. Mrs. Alexander studied
law and in 1887. she was the first
woman to be admitted 20 the
Pennsylvania bar.
In l947. she was appointed by
President Truman TO serve on the
Committee Of Race Relations.
She became one Of the two wom-
en- members of the l5-man Presi-
dents Committee TO review the
state Of Americas civil rights.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
Jacobsen Attacks
Walter Judd's
Vote Record

Walter Judd voted for The
segregation pact setting up re-
gionRl Jim Grow schools and col,
legss." said John NJ. Jacobsen
District DFL congressional can.
didate. Mr.. Jacobsen had refer,
sncs 10 q bill which passed th'
House after the Supreme Court
ruled on the constitutlonRlity Of
equal education facilities.
Jacobsen said Judd tried IA
help the southern congressman
bypass the Supreme Courts de-
cision.
Mr.. Jacobsen charged that Judd
In the soth congress lined up with
big business and hoped the cor
porations TO clean up" at the
common mans expense,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

titled The Negro NsiGhborhood
"A Study In Community DisoT.
ganizaiion," Of which Thomas z.
Barton. president Of the Urban
League Of Pittsburgh, was chair.
man.
In an executive session yeatsr.
day morning. Lester -. Granger,
Of New York, the leagues sKsca-
tive secretary, called on delegates
10 rededicate themselves % league
detectives,
The league, he said. has made
o strong fight for survival
against attacks. open and covert,
Of special interest Eroupa." has
battled for financial survival and
for acceptance Of race relations
"as a proper field for adoption
Of the professional social work
approach"
And In each Of these ways the
fight has been Won" he conelud-
ed, mot securely perhaps. but
won 90 tho point where final
ciinchinR Of the victory requires
only q little time and patience. "
The kgynotsr was followed by
Arnold y. Walker, Of Cleveland,
president Of the leagues execu-
tive secretaries council, who de-
Scribed the relationship between
the parent organization and IL
local groups In various cities,
High light Of today'H session
will be the afternoon discussion,
beginning nj . y. NJ, on the
future of tho Negro In American
industry. Leon II. KsyssTlinE
Vice-chairman Of the Council oI
Economic Advisors 10 President
Truman. will share the speaker
rostFum with Mark Starr, oduca'
tional director Of the Information,
Rl Ladies' Garment Workers TN
ion. AL, and Joseph J. Morrow
personnel director Of Pitnsy,
BoweH Co.
Thursday evening. . talk b.
Oscar Il. Ewing. national admin
istral0F Of the Federal SecuTlt,
Agency. win climax the day.
Workshop discussion groups. Fri
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
Church Dedication
Postponed Until

Church Dedication
Postponed UntiI
Sunday, Sept. 20
The dedication Of 81. Paul
Church Of God In Christ. 10th Sc.
at Fourth Ave. So. scheduled or
lginally for Sunday, Sept. II. has
been postponed until Sept 10 on
account of tho illness Of Bishop
r. y. Williams Of Cleveland.
This announcement was made
by Rev. J. c, Virgins. pastor who
said elaborate plans are being
made for the dedieatoTy services
Of the 76th.
The GllttsrinR Stars. q quartet
Of singers will be- presented sun
day night At 81 Paul's at Q .. m.
Dent forget 70 vote Tuesday.
Sept H.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
nUIUrH NEWS

Mrs. Jean Wright, Ssh East
Second St, entertained at dinner,
Sunday, August ~, for Miss ce-
celia McHenry and mother, Mrs.
David McHenry, Mrs. Sldonia
Black and daughter, Mrs. Earlyn
Bell. Others present were Mines
Ann Albright, Lorraine Jackson
and MeSSrs, Ray Dibrell and Bob
Daniels.
AHIas Edna Mae Simmons Of
Washington, D. c., arrived home
Friday. August n, 10 visit her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. r. J. Sim
mons, ia East Third 81. En-
route home Miss Simm o n 3
stopped OF In Dayton, Ohio, 70
Visit her brother and sister in
law. Mr., and Mrs. Steve Sim
mons. Miss Simmons left for
Washington. d. c.. Thursday.
Sept 2 She was accompanied by
Steve Simmons, Jr., who has
been visiting his grandparents
and Is returning 10 his home in
Dayton.
Mrs. Matte StRader and grand
son, George Jones. of MinneapO-
lis arrived in the city Friday,
August n, TO visit with Mrs. Hal.
lie Hall, Gil Garfield Ave.
Mr.. David Brown Of Oklahoma
City. Okla. spent a few days
with his brother and family. Mr.,
and Mrs. Aaron Brown and son,
gl0 East Ninth ST. He left for his
home Wednesday, August IS.
Mrs. Anna Lee Glen and
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

Bituminous coal constitutes one
of the largest single items Of
traffic on the railroads.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
Marcella Killen
Has Central
LabOr'a OK

Marcella Y. Killen. DFL right
wing candidate for congress, from
the Firth Congressional District,
has been self-supportinR since
the age Of twelve, her mother and
father having died when she
wad quite young.
Her experience includes work
on the old Minneapolis Tribune
a. secretary 10 the publisher. 10
years with the Department Of the
Interior. and two years a. exec.
utive director Of the Minnesota
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
rla No. epTso
PROBATE COURT


State Of Minnesota
County Of Hennapin
Re Estate Of HJAlTnsr Ellin6s0n. Dsce-
dent,
Order for Hearing 81 FINAL Account
and Petitl0a Tor DtstRibutlon
u II Ordered that the nnAl account
and petition for examination thereof
and Tor distribution. hled herein, be
heard on Monday, September 3oth, l0ts.
Il 10 O'Clock A. ", BY this Court In the
Court House In Minneapolis, Minneso-
q, and that all persons Interested In
this estate present objections. n any,
Why said pstition should not be
granted.
This order shah be published In the
Minneapolis Spokesman and copies
thereof mailed according 10 Law,
tSealb
Witness, the Hon. James q. Kshos.
Judge Of Probsts Court, this 2ist day
OF August. tD4a.
Hoist, ETtckaon a VoRel,
Red Wing. Minnesota. Attorney.
Ernest p, LoFenE,
Clerk Of Probate Court
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
Sioux Falls, s. ID.
News
Mrs. Oscar Bridgewater,
alA No. Minneaota Ave.

No News this week. Cores
pendent on lake leave. Among
the many Sioux Falls people in
Minneapolis over Labor Day was
your correspondent enjoying the
many courtesies extended her
and the warm hospitality shown
her as the house guest Of Mr..
and Mrs James c. crowder. 37l9
Smelling Ave. So.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10
day will wind up the conference
with findings and resolutions.

All four Twin City Urban
League executives are on hand
in Richmond at the convention.
They are James r. Wardlaw and
William Ssabron from Minnsa-
polls and 8. Vincent Owens and
Whitney Young from Minneapo-
lis.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

s: 6; g. t :: s ;:: . s= t. 49,: Ca =. E. O Sc:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

Dent forget 10 vote Tuesday
Sept. IL
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-09-10

u@ukhbGr, ANNA Louise, spent q
week visiting IN Chicago. They
returned home September 2
Hay Fever tourists are arriving
daily. Some Of the latest arrivals
are DR.. and Mrs. W. q. MoSeDy
Of Columbus. Ohio, and DIR. ana
Mrs. Cruzat Of Chicago who are
residing at the home Of Mr.. ana
Mrs. e.. W. DozieT, 33l So. 10th
Ave. East. Mr.. and Mrs. Henry
Byrd Of Lake Forest, Ill, passed
through the city Sunday. August
~. and were the guests of MT
and Mrs. q. w. DOzIer for the
day.
SlF. and Mrs. Jesse Stevens Of
Minneapolis were the house
guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. w. Is.
Richardson, GA East 7th St.
Sunday and Monday, August -
and 30. They returned To their
home on tuesday and were &C
cOmpanIed by Ars. Stevens uncle,
Mr.. Albert Wilson, Of Adrian who
was enrOute home after a month
and q half VIslt with his sister,
Mrs. W. r. Richardson.
Mrs. Carrie l.. DOEieF was
elected Grand Chaplain at the
annual Grand session of the O.E.
S. in ST. Paul, August 10 and 20.
MTS. Mae Carson spent q week
Visiting IN Chicago.
| Mr.. and Mrs. W. o. Richardson,
ga East Seventh st., entertained
at cards Monday, August 30, IN
honor Of her two brothers, Albert
and ID. b. Wilson Of Adrian,
Mich, and her niece and hus.
band, ar. and Mrs.. Jesse Stevens
Of Minneapolis. Prizes were won
by Mrs. q. w. DoZier, ladies
first, and Mr.. W. y. Maupins. ST.
RentIemen's first. Consolation
prize was won by Mrs. Jesse
Stevens.
The HIrthday Club pleasantly
surprised Mrs. Carrie L. DoZIeI
on her birthday, September /
Mrs. Aaron Brown was honorec
also. The afternoon was spent iT
cards. The dining room table wal
conferred with red roses, given Il
Mrs. Dozier by her husband. A
each end was q birthday cake
one for Mrs. DoZier and one foi
Mrs. Brown, with one large
candle in the center of each
cake. Mrs. Browns birthday wa.
August 20. The club presented
each with q gift. Mrs. DoEieT re
ceiVed some beautiful gifts from
her husband and her hous'
guests, DR.. and MrS G.. w. Nose
by. Those present were: Mines
Sidonia Black, Ann Albright
Jean Wright, G. W. Moseby, W
B. Richardson, George Adams
and Zillah Waters.
Lake Adney, Minnesota, seeml
70 be q popular resort these days
Two weeks ago Mr.. Milton Rich
ardson drove his mother and tive
uncles, Messrs. Albert and d. b
Wilson, there for the day. Las
week Mr.. and Mrs. GeorR'
Adams drove there 10 Ash. Before
they reached Lake Adney theJ
had car trouble. However, theJ
left the car az Aitken and ven
on 10 the lake where Mr.. Adam,
was lucky in his fishing, Sunday
September 5, Mr.. and Mrs. james
Hughes and mother, Mrs. Les
wiley, Mr.. and Mrs. w. =. Mau
pins. Jr., and DR.. and Mrs. Cru
Eat Of Chicago spent the day a
Lake Adney.
sunday. August %. ST. Mark
A. NJ. z. and Calvary BaptiS'
churches held Joint services a
st. Marks. This Is the end o.
three years of passionate for Rev
Joseph Jackson. His subject wa,
The Days Of Noah" He took hi,
text from st. Matthew 2I:37. Rev
Jackson brought with him from
81, Paul, Mrs. Harry Ballard
Miss Virginia Hill, Violinist, anc
Mrs. Odell d. Smith who rem,
dered several musical numbers
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-07-01
East-Side, West-Side
Fairbanks News Miner>

Fairbanks News Miner>
 Two Governors of Atlantic and Pacific seaboard States today before them the task of capturing the majority confidence of all the States between them before November.
 Tom Dewey is mighty in the East. His locomotive political drive hit the Philadelphia vention like a battering ram splntering the hopes of candidates who figured that if they could hobble Dewey for three or rounds of ballots they could engage in a free-for- all of their own for his votes. They could not-or would not-forsee the strength of the new Dewey.
 In the West Earl Warren is if anything even more of a power than Dewey on his own coast War ren has personal attributes that few in high public office able to retain after being in high public office. Chief among these is modesty almost unbelievable in who has never had trouble win- ming elections.
 It was this personal trait of Warren that so abruptly catapuated Dewey into the Presidential nomination-which the New Yorker would eventually have won anyway Warren was never an active candi- date for the nomination He willing to carry the Republican coors if drafted When it became obvious that he would be called he subscribed to the clear will of the convention by releasing the votes ol ms deegation-2O more than Dewey needed That move loosed the Dewey landslide Earl Warren aspired to the Vice-Presdentlal nomination less vigorously than he sought the No. l position Dewey asked for him. The convention con- cured unanimously. Warren accepted with the same grace and promise of devotion to duty that he would have given to the Presidential nod. Dewey is aggressive, digent in his work, man who can take stinging blow and come back standing straight talking straight and renewing the battle un- fnchingly Warren is thoughtful warm with friendli- ness his ear keyed to the wants of the people he serves
 Dewey and Warren make a powerful ticket
 It will take more than a Truman controlled Demo- cratic Party to punch it.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-07-01

will be given to the forty-and- eight veterans or to whichever veterans group is designated by the differ ent states.
 It is also planned to combine the Train of Gratitude with let writing project called "Merci des Enfants,' "Thanks of the Children"D Each boxcar will con- tain various letters from the chill dren of France to the children of America thanking them for the Friendship Train.
 When Congress learned about the French Train of Gratitude, only 36 hours of the session re- mained However. it rushed through a special bill eXempting the French gifts from customs duties. It was Senators Taft and Millikin, ex-Speaker Sam Rayburn and Congressman Aime Forand of Rhode Island who pushed this bill through in such record time.