davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
Industry
Steel Botfleneck

If the automobile industry could get
all the steel it want. next year, it
could turn out enough to satisfy most
Of the 100000 Americans who want
a new car.
But the nations car makers will not
be able to use all their tremendous
productive capacity. Detroit and other
automotiVe centers will be short of
sheet steel in 1948 just as they were
shis year.
The industry estimates next years
production at 10 per cent more than
l947's indicated output of 100000
passenger cars in the United States
and Canada combined. Untitled orders
total almost 100000,
Demand is keeping ahead of even
the record postwar production of re-
cent weeks. New orders. viii continue
to pile up since many vehicles now on
the road are past the point Of econom-
ical operation.
The effect of steel shortages on the
automobile industry is duplicated in
many other lines. Railroads, house
hold appliances, and heavy construc-
ton will be slowed because of the
bottleneck in steel
Scrap Is the Key
The steel industry, itself, is worried
about enough scrap to keep going fun
blast Some corporations, such as
Bethlehem Steel, have gone to the
Orient for iron and steel scrap turned
over to China by the Army and Navy
after the war.
This week the government stepped
in to assist key industry on which
much Of Americas productive econo-
my depends. The Department of Com
merce sent an eight-man mission to
Germany to hunt iron and steel scrap
in War-torn Europe.
Its purpose will be 70 determine the
quantity and location of scrap in pos
session Of US. occupation forces and
the possibility of obtaining rubble and
other scrap from Germany for Ameri-
can blast furnaces.
The Presidents Council of Economic
Advisers in its second annual report
declared industrial prices and profits
must be cut and wage irregularities
rectifed before the end of 1948 if the
nations economy is to be stabilized.
Real price competition, the report
said, is vital factor in obtaining a
proper balance between consumption
and production.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
Education
A Scholarly Dissent

A Scholarly Dissent
The Presidents Commission on
Higher Education this week urged the
government to spend 12O million dol
lars during the next school year
(1948-49) on scholarships for 300 600
needy college students.
Four SOutherners on the 28-man
board dissented from a proposal to
end racial segregation in schools and
colleges.
We believe" the dissenters said,
pronouncements such as the commits
sion's on segregation jeopardize eff
forts Ito end inequalities), impede
progress and threaten tragedy to the
people of the south, both white and
Negro"
The dissent was signed by Arthur
H. Compton, chancellor of Washington
University, st. Louis; Douglas South
all Freeman, historian and editor of
the Richmond, Va, NelUs Leader;
Goodrich G. White, president of En-
ory University, Atlanta; and Lewis w.
Jones, president of Arkansas Univer-
sity.
The commission is headed by DR..
George F. Zook, president of the
American Council on Education.
It's first report, issued a week ago.
advocated doubling college enroll
ments by 1860 to at least 100000
students and elimination Of all tuition
and fees at publicly-controlled col
leges for the first two years.
The commission reported that in
1915, nearly rs percent Of all children
under q in this country were in fani-
lies with incomes Of less than So, 500 a
year, and nearly so percent were in
families with incomes of $2,50O or
less.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
Science
Seven Score and Ten Years

Seven Score and Ten Years
The American Pharmaceutical Man
ufacturers and the American Medical
Associations are cooperating to estab-
Lsh a new foundation for basic medi-
cal research to improve human health
and prolong useful life.
Stressing the importance of such re-
search, DR.. Edward L. Bortz, ANA.
president, predicted that man may
some day attain an average life ex-
pectancy Of $50 years.
The degenerative diseases include
hardening of the arteries, high blood
pressure and heart disease. These are
taking an increasing toll as the life
span increases. Unless something is
done to prevent it, half the babies
born in 1910 ultimately will die Of de-
generative diseases of the circuIatory
system and kidneys, declared DR.. An
drew c. Ivy, director of the profess
slonal schools at the University of
Illinois.
Atoms in Agriculture
Meanwhile at Auburn, Ala, scien-
lists at the first conference on appli-
cation OF atomic energy in agricul-
tural research discussed techniques on
use OF radioisotopes in bringing about
chemical and biological solutions to
problems involving plant-killing chlo-
rosls, soil fertility and nutritive de-
tciencies in cattle.
AT Auburn, a midget death ray"
capable of killing some small insects
and germs was demonstrated by Oak
Ridge atomic researchers. The ray,
shooting an invisible cone shaped
beam 10 feet into space, would not
Kill a man but scientists theorized
that if it were focused at the same
spot on a persons body for several
days it might cause a cancer.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
NOtiODFnces
OJSbOrtGge

LOME owners above the Mason
IA Dixon Line drew cold com
fort this week from House and
Senate probes of the fuel oil sit
uation.
Governors of % states were
urged to appoint local emergency CO.
ordinators to handle expected short
ages this winter. The request by
Sen. Charles w. Tobey GRIND Is
based on an oil industry estimate Of
a IS per cent supply deficit in New
England and North Atlantic states
and a 10 per cent deficit in some
others.
The pinch win be felt especially by
new users, such as veterans housing
projects and new homes.
A House commerce committee rec
commended an embargo on fuel oil ex-
ports until domestic shortages are
cared for. It also urged the President
TO act under the new anti-infation
measure passed by Congress to permit
the oil industry to pool information
and stocks without fear of antitrust
laws
Black Market ii Oil
Another House committee, studying
black markets. reported double the
market price being asked for oil at
some Gulf ports.
Recommendations to meet the emer-
geacy included temporary use of
naval tankers and Communicating
railroad tank cars by the Office Of De-
fense Transportation.
Government controls are not the
answer, declared Sen. p III. Moore
(R-Okla.). He banned government
meddling" for the situation.
For five years, Moore said, petro-
leum prices were frozen by the gov
erpment while coal prices were per-
mitted to rise to an aIl-time high as
a political expediency." He said hum
dreds Of thousands of consumers
switched over to oil because it was "a
cheaper and more dependable fuel"
Near East Fields
King Ibn Saud Of Saudi Arabia
summoned officials Of the American
owned rans-Arabian Pipeline Co. to
his capital at al Ryadh. This corpora
lion, with the Arabian-Anerican Oil
Co. is owned jointly by the Texas Co.
Standard Oil Of New Jersey, Standard
OF Of California and Socony Vacuum.
King Saud was reported to feel that
owing to Arab public feeling over
partition Of Palestine, he is compelled
to. reconsider oil concessions and that
one cannot sell his religion and the
Holy Land for American dollars"
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
sidelghfs

Q In Philadelphia, a young robbeP
stole a kiss from pretty candy store
cashier, then escaped with S35 after
slugging her with his revolver butt
Q In Ellington, N. c., Mrs. /. ]. Gil.
christ, who Is years ago made up her
mind not to be disappointed If the
next child wasn't boy, gave birth to
her 18th child-another daughter.
. At Fort Smith, Ark, Earl Harrison.
"a, was recovering in a Wospital after
being locked eight days in box car
without food, water or sufficient CLOTH
ing. He climbed into the car at Wells.
New, December II; it was locked
while he slept. On discovery, he was
suffering from frost bite and gnalnu-
triton.
Q Motorists saw a burning airplane
alongside the West Chester Pike, near
Philadelphia, and called firemen who
found James Gallagher standing
quietly by. He had notified police he
would burn the fabric from an Army
glider purchased from the War Assets
Administration but no one had noti-
fed the iremen.
9 AT Exton, Pa, a bus swerving from
a minor sidesWipe crashed into h0-
tel and set it afire.
. Near Rome, N. Y, the countrysids
was dotted with thousands of wind.
made snowballs. They were 'jellys
roll in appearance, ranging up %
three feet long and two feet ia diane
eter. Weather experts said fluffy snow.
moist air and strong wind produced
the phenomenon.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
AERIAL. NeM Jefs & Roekets
Winierized' jets

The us. Air Force is losing no time
testing It's new jet aircraft in the Are
tic.
This week the cath aHat-in-Ring"
Squadron fitted il to Ladd Field
Fairbanks, Alaska, for six months
training in the first mass tactical OBJ
Grafton Of jets in extreme cold. Before
s departure from March Field. Calf.
the planes were "winterized" to with
stand temperatures down to IS below
zero, Fahrenheit.
Two other Winterized Jet planes
viii 60 to the Air Proving Ground
Command at Eglin Field. Fla.. for test
ing "a the super-cold climatic hangar
there another IS undergoing special
engineering tests at Wright Field.
ONO. All three planes viii Join the
squadron later ia Alaska.
Faster Than Sound
Meanwhile, a magazine. AUiation
Week, reported that an experimental
rocket plane, Bell Aircraft's xS-1. has
uoWn aster than the speed of so1nd
on several occasions.
There have been ramors that the
sonic barrier was preached but De-
Tense Secretary Forrestal forbade any
official disclosure under security reel-
iations issued specifically on high
speed tests
The speed Of sound Generally IS
considered as 200 miles per hour, but
tfls IS 6 sea level with q temperature
ot 3s degrees. Speed Of sound varies
W 70 loo mph ia either direction as
tne temperature rises or falls.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02

munists had placed Kaiyuan, SIS miles
northeast of Mukden, under attack
and the city, itself, was menaced by
Communist forces five miles away.
Mukden, the former Chinese Com
munist capital in Manchuria, was cap
tured by Nationalist troops a year
ago. Communists, retreating to the
hills, left the city a virtual shell.
Now the city, heavily garrisoned
and virtually cut off from the coun-
tryside by guerrilla raids in force, has
to be supplied by air. That feat, with
Chiang,S slim air transport, may prove
impossible to keep up throughout the
winter.
Economic Crisis
But Chang Kai-sheks military
problems are not his most serious.
Solution of the economic crisis con-
fronting the nation is more important
than military campaign to suppress
the Communists, Chang this week
told China's highest economic and f.
nancial authorities in Nanking.
Chang announced a new, intensi-
fed economic control program for
1948, including provision for impris-
onment for one year at hard labor
for anyone convicted of illegal trans
actions in gold or foreign exchange.
Travellers may carry a maximum of
$100 (U.S.) entering or leaving China.
Other measures include more strin-
gent control Il private banks, con-
tinued suspension of loans to non
productive enterprises and relentless
war on the moEey black market.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02

This week the spine-chilling Man
churian cold came; so did the Com
munists.
Marking SAID it was possible per-
sistent attacks on the Peiping- -Muk-
den railway might force the govern
ment to abandon besieged Mukden,
major south Manchurian city. Five
planeloads of government officials and
their families were evacuated to Pei
ping.
Mukden dispatches said the Com
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
In Short

Sold: By the War Assets Admins
tration, to Finnish purchasing dele
CATION, 10 steam locomotives, built for
the Russians during the wal.
Wed; Gen. Claire L. Chennault,
wartime commander of the Flying Ti-
gers and Miss Anna Chan, reporter
Tor a Chinese news service, in Shang-
hal.
Approved: BY the Italian constitu-
ent assembly, which spent II months
drawing it up, a constitution for the
new Republic effective January 1
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
Propaganda
East VS.. West

Eost VS.. West
For the second time a Soviet
licensed newspaper in the German
capital suggested that the western Al
lies may be asked to withdraw from
Berlin if the British, French and
American zones are merged.
Russian citizens were warned this
week that foreign intelligence cam
paign against the Soviet Union has
persisted for 80 years and they should
be on constant guard against Sim
perialist'' spies.
On the 3Oth anniversary Of Lenin's
founding Of Russian security agencies
(secret police), TzUestia, official gov
ernment newspaper, said: American
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
Unanimous

Prime Minister Stain was
elected to the Moscow Municipal
Soviet last Sunday on his 68th
birthday.
The Moscow r adio reported
that in FIVE hours 100 per cent Of
the electors in Stains district
had voted for him.
AS in all Soviet elections there
was no opposition. Names of non
Party candidates have to be ap-
proved by the Communists.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02


The magazine reported the first
fight faster than sound was made at
Muroc Air Base, Calf, more than a
month ago. It has been duplicated
several times by different pilots in the
Bell plane, the magazine claims.
The XS-1 is powered by four rocket
motors and is launched from the belly
of B-29 jim flight. When the model
was first announced, the Air Force
said it had theoretical speed of
l,708 mph.
The magazine said the XS-1 had
been timed by radar at attitudes Of
10000 to 10000 feet. It claimed test
pilots found few Of the anticipated
olfhculties near the speed of SOUND.
the so-called trans-sonic range, where
the mixed flow Of air at sub-sonic and
super-sonic speeds is encountered.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
Dates

Monday, December q
Geological Society of America
meets in Ottawa.
Archaeological Institute of
America meets in New Haven.
American Mathematical Sooi-
ETY. meets in Athens, Ga.
Thursday, January /
New Years Day.
Football Bowl games,
Saturday, January 3
Anniversary (35th), us. Postal
Banks.
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02
Congress VIII Draft
OjUn Marshall Plan

E Both Congress which reconvenes January will draft its own
"a version Of the Marshall plan for European recovery OF its
orQ congress approve some long range
aid but all yeared signs point Republican program Whitfield
down from the Administrations billion dollar fouear proe
Milford chronicle., 1948-01-02

1All Fights Reser0ed. AZ Nea3aalgF9'l
Montana labor news., 1948-09-16
Law Of Union Supply
and Union Demand
I. M. ORNBURN. Secretary-Treasurer unio
Label Trades Department. AL

I. M ORNBURN. Secretary-Treaslrer Union
Label Trades Department F
The demand by American consum-
ers for superb-euality union-made
goods must keep pace with the ever
increasing supply, As production oi
them grows in volume more union men
and women are employed but they
cannot long hold their jobs unlcs,
their products are sold. The same
is true Of efficient union services.
1t is at the local levcl-at the mer-
chants COUNTER or III a hotel or res
taurant-that the demand must start.
II the goods do not bear the Union
Label and If the services are not dcs-
ignated by a Union Shop Card Or i
Union Button. refuse 70 %patronize the
place and tell the management why
you arc walking out This method
especially applies 10 a member OF a
union and the members OF his family.
The growing popularity OF the
Union Label. Shop Card and Baton
is significant, Consumers have come
to realize that union-made mcrchan-
disc must be purchased III order 70
maintain a steady output OF them.
Let's not just talk about the Law
OF supply and demand lets practice
il every time we patronize any bust
ness establishment.
Montana labor news., 1948-09-16

OF the welfare OF the people Of this state
as evidenced by events which took place
at the Progressive party convention re-
Gently in Helena.
During this convention" Bonner
said, 1T came to light that the admins
tration OF the liquor control act is used
as a political football. The people Of
Montana did not definitely know" lie
said. that we had liquor statesmen OPP
Grating within the state until n W. NJ.
McCracken, a wine salesman, stated
openly in the Progressive meeting, that
he was attempting to get someone TO
run for governor. Harry Billings OF
Helena and John Goforth Of Butte,
members of the Progressive party, dis
closed at the meeting that McCrackcn
had offered them 5000 if they would
file for governor under the Progressive
banner"
Clements" Bonner said, "on behalf
Of Ford directed this piece Of strategy
with the view Of having a third man in
the race for governor, but when mem
bers Of the Progressive party learned
| of the plot, the plan failed
Bonner added that the machine i
doing everything possible IN order Il
cause his defeat because it knows that
If he is elected. that machine politics
will be wiped II and the government
run Tor all the people Of Montana
Montana labor news., 1948-09-16
Pay Differendd Small
in Labor Occupations

WASHINGTON, d. C.-Percentage
differences in rates Of pay OF skilled.
scmiskilled and unskillcd occupations
have shown a distinct tendency to de-
cline in the past 40 years, but actual
cents-per-hour differences have in
creased.
These facts were revealed in a study
OF occupational wage differentials by
the Bureau Of Labor Statistics. L. s..
Department OF Labor. Details OF the
study are contained in the August issue
of the Monthly Labor Review, official
publication Of BIS.
Occupational wage differentials are
important in providing recognition Of
differences in skill, effort. and working
conditions, and are essential in attract
ing labor to the skilled trades, the arti-
Gle declares.
Currently, the wages oi skilled work
ers in manufacturing exceed those OF
| unskilled workers, on the average. by
about S. per cent
Although percentage differences have
narrowed, a study OF Il manufacturing
industries ior the periods l937-A and
l945-47 showed that the actual cents
per hour d~ifiercntial> between skilled
and unskilled occupations increased
from an average OF 30 cents in the ear
lier period to 43 cents. currently.
Over the 40-ycar period from 1907 &c
l947, the extent OF the average differ
entail between skilled and unskillet
labor in manufacturing has been Gu,
practically in half.
Montana labor news., 1948-09-16
Freshmen Convention
at Knoxville Success
Ed ]. Austin, Secretary Of Local
Pressmen's Union Was
Delegate From Topeka, Kan.

Ed |. Austin. secretary OF the Topeka
Pressmen and Assistants union. re-
turned this week IRON Knoxville. Tenn.
where he had been lor the past week
attending the convention OF the Inter
rational union. He reports a very in
tercsting and profitable convention with
representatives present from nearly all
sections OF the country. Knoxville IS
the headquarters OF the International,
and the Home and Training schools are
Of vital interest to the members.
One Of the action taken al the con-
vcntion provides for increasing the pen
sion to members to ST. a week. subject
to the approval Of the membership de
cision in the referendum To be held later
The old-agc pension for the members Is
one OF the advantages secured by be-
longing to a union organization.
The members voted 10 increase the
salary OF the international president
George l.. Berry. and the vote was IMAM
imous, but the president announced that
the increase was not acceptable a, ne
thought that the salary he had beer
receiving was sufficient.
Ed reports that there wa, complete
harmony throughout the week con.
@vention. and every representative re
ported a steady increase IN membership
Montana labor news., 1948-09-16
State Committee Named
for Referendum Drive

HELENA fhirts eight well known
Montanans w4ll head the campaign Tor
Referendum, 81 and =. it was an
m,unccl ID lieleua tins week By Albert
Erickson, campaign manager. Refer
cndum II seeks re enactment and in
crease Ut tile university millage tax
from 81, mills to u mills and Referen-
dun s. i a S5tauHuo bond issue Tor new
buildings and Improvement, at the six
units ii the University OF Montana.
Most OF the men and women on the
state committee are heads OF Montana
organization, and represent farm organ
ization,, labor groups, veterans. civic
clubs aud come from all sections Of the
state.
The committee urged a favorable vote
on Rcfcrcndums 81 and 3 because en-
rollmcnts have increased Slfs since
lYlO. operatiunal costs have risen. and
ii We are To insure adequate college
education, to Montana youth, sufii-
cicnt support and facilities must be pro-
yided.'
Member, 81 the Referendum commit
e, are
John : l,aroyicli. Miles City; Mrs.
Melville Blackboard, L%cwistown. Lyman
Brewster. Blrney. Ernest Burns. White
fish c w. Burns. Billings; y. w.
Chapman. Great Falls w. a. Denccke.
Bozemau Paul ) Gillespie. M~issoula
" + tilecd. Dillon Mr., w. W. Ham
ilton. Dodson Father Frank IIarring-
ton. Butte; W ! Jameson, Billings
Ashton Jones. Broadus Rhoda g.. Ken
mel, k%ali>pell Mrs. Aubrey Knowles.
Mi,soula Mike Lacey. Butte: DR..
7 l.. Hawkins, Helena, Oscar Hills.
Butte.
Jane, y. Law. IIarlowton, Kleis
Larsen. Mi,soula K {. Lots. Great
Falls William Meyer. Butte. +. +.
Naegelc. Helena Mrs. Walter Peoples.
Gut Bank Mrs. Dallas Reed. Mis-
soula Fred l. Robinson. Malta. Tom
4. Ross. Chinook: Eugene W. Savage,
Butte Henry J. >awtell. Miles City:
George SINE. Bozeman, NJ. c. Simp-
son. Nolherg Clarkson Spain. Bore
man. Jack Tuole. Shelby, John +.
Travis. Havre; sam W. Wallander.
Froid O. 5. Warden. Great Falls; Win
ton Weydcmeyer, Fortine. and Rev. l..
r. Whitman. Helena.
Montana labor news., 1948-09-16
|Silver Bow Trades
Labor
Council Notes

The regular meeting OF the Silver Bow
Trade, x Labor Council was called to
order al 8 p. m. by President Crawford.
Quincy Handley was obligated as a
delegate IRON the Carpenters union.
Minutes OF the previous meeting we're
read and approved as read.
Communications we're read from MVA
stating that they had held a meeting
IN Billings and urged the support Of
Sen. James +. Murray and Congress
man Mike Mansfield as they have al
WAYS supported the MNA. They also
asked Tor financial support and the dele
gates were instructed 10 take this back
10 their unions.
From Saicty First committee stating
that a meeting is 10 be held in the Mon
,ana Power company hall N Broadway,
Monday, sept. ~. and asked us to send
representation 10 that meeting. On
motion a committee. Nickers. Hicks and
Sister Thomas, were appointed to at
tend.
From the Laundry 4 Dsc Workers
union stating that they had been nego-
tiating with the owners on 4 new wage
contract but had not been able To reach
an agreement. and that they had asked
their International union Tor permits
sion to take a strike vote. The matter
caused som discussion on the procedure
the council would take in this matter,
and they assured the Laundry Workers
that if they needed the support OF the
council lti,ey would get it.
From Plumbers union No. III stating
that they had reached a satisfactory
agreement with the Butte Public Stock
Yards and asked that the declaration
OF unfairness be withdrawn. On motion
the request was granted and the stock
yards werc-placed on the fair list.
From the Social Security board ex-
planning how to go about getting pay
ments when due.
Reports of Committees:
The Grievance committee reported on
| the Gagnon House and stated that the
matter had been satisfactorily settled.
They also reported on the Nelson case
and that report was received as prog
rcss.
Tie committee attending the meeting
in West yellow stone last Sunday made
a lengthy report which brought up a lot
OF DISCUSSION i'll the council as to what
would happen ii the legislature passed
a search and seize law. The council
went on record as absolutely opposed to
| this search and scize law
Good of the Council:
Nlone discussion took place on Union
abel, and The delegates Were urged 10
take lhl, matter ~ with the various,
unions and urge diem to bus Union
Label good aud pa'ronlae Jnion abel
shops
There being % further business the
meeting adjourned