davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-15

taking a loss, he received a pay
ment-a subsidy-from the govern
ment.
Under the present 90 percent sup
port program, the government makes
loans or direct purchases when
prices of supported farm commodi-
ties drop below the support level.
Under the subsidy idea, the farmer
would get what he could for his pro-
duce in the market place. If he re-
ceived less than go percent of parity
the government would pay him a
subsidy to make up the difference
between the selling price and the
support level.
This idea came up during the last
congress which extended the 80 per-
cent support level through 1949.
Some administration leaders have
been advocating a subsidy system
for several years. Major farm organ
izations, long opposed to subsidies,
opposed them during the last con
gress.
What the farmers want, the farm
leaders ~contended, is a fair price
without payment of government SUBJ
sides which they look upon as a
form of charity.
Some frankly say they fear the
possible effect upon farm voters re-
ceiving government checks just be-
fore an election, for instance.
FOOD PRICE BATTLE
The political battle over food
prices. long promised as one of
the chief issues in the presiden-
tial campaign. has begun.
1t started when Harold E. Stassen
charged that Secretary of Agricul-
ture Charles F. Brannan was trying
to keep food prices high. Stassen
made his statement after a long con-
ference with Republican Nominee
Thomas E. Dewey at Albany, N. Y.
The former Minnesota governor
said that food prices would drop III
two or three months if the govern
ment did not abuse its food purchas
ing power.
Brannan came back with a bills
tering answer, asserting Stassen':
statement Gin essence" was an at
tack on the farm price support pro
gram
Stassen's charge was an echo o
earlier accusations along the sam,
line he had leveled at former Sec
rotary of Agriculture Clinton P. An
derson last winter when Stassen wa
campaigning for the presidents
nomination that went to Governo
Dewey.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-15

Since these large scale crop surveys
have been made for many years,
the cards will be familiar to nearly
all who get them.
Why the Surveys?
Statistical information has served
as a background for starting and
developing most industries, trades
and professions in this country.
Farm machinery manufacturers
need data on number of farms, farm
acreage, farm income, etc., in order
to plan their output and distribu-
ton. The same is rue of producers
of virtually all other items used ON
the farm. Accurate and dependable
information on any industry can be
obtained best from its source OF
production.
Operators Are Selected
Each B.A.E. survey is handled on
a sample basis and every farmer
and rancher who receives a card is
selected by a systematic process.
The samples are designed on a
locality basis and if the proper num-
Der of reports are not returned from
each locality, the farm statistical
picture suffers.
Producers and Dealers Equal
Federal crop reports place the
producer on an equal footing with
the dealer. The wheat grower has
knowledge of the current wheat sup
ply and how it compares with pre-
vious years. Through this he makes
decisions on whether to hold or sell
Accurate crop reports lessen the
dealers risk and thereby reduces
the margin he must have for han
ding the growers wheat, which re-
suits in a greater return to growers.
Reports Are Confidential
Each individual report received
from farmers and ranchers is treated
with strict confidence. The crop fig
Ire reported on the survey cards
are listed on large sheets with the
name of the reporter replaced by a
code number. Only the B.A.E. office
workers see the cards and they are
under heavy penalty for revealing
any individual information. Abso-
lutely no one outside the RAE. Of
flee, including tax collectors, has ac-
cess to the individual reports. Fur
thermore, the information is used in
no way as a basis for taxation
September. Is, 1916
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-15
Song of the Lazy Farmer

THE way my neighbor rushes
round, you'd think he'd wear
out all his ground; he acts as if
the world would end before he
has a chance to tend to all the
jobs he thinks he's got, and so
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-15

odSy 1lloll III tiiS IA o5tt>N
ture committee, who is likely to be-
come secretary of agriculture ii
Gov. Thomas E. Dewey is elected
president, has condensed into six
brief paragraphs the agricultural
policy of this country.
As shown by legislation ON the
statute books and by general
acceptance and ~acquiesence on
the part Of both farmers and
non-farmers. he sums up the =
policy as follows;
1. A constantly expanding pro-
gram of research and education in
the production and marketing of
agricultural products and in those
things which will bring about a bet
torment of our rural life.
2. Soil conservation and restora-
ton on a scale which will not only
maintain our soil structure and fer
tility, but restore as far as possible
that which has been lost through
lack of care in the past.
8. Abundant production and eff
ficient distribution of those prod
ucts of our soil which are needed
for the health, comfort, and welfare
of our people and for profitable ex-
change in foreign markets.
4. Price supports where needed
and where they can be used in a
practical way to keep agricultural
prices at levels which will make for
efficient production, preserve our
soil and secure standards
of living for farm people comparable
with those enjoyed by other eco
nomic groups of our population.
S. A program of direct relief or
loans in situations where drouth,
floods or other natural disasters have
made it impossible for farmers to
engage in production.
6. Government aid to cooperative
organizations to help farmers in
crease production, make for more
efficient distribution, supply credit
of the type needed and used by
farmers and secure for farmers the
conveniences and amenities of mod
ern life.
Congressman Hope says he does
not expect everyone to agree upor
his statement as a precise defini-
ton of agricultural policy.
"There are some who would wan
to subtract and some who would
want to add to it," he declared. &
believe, however, that it does con
stitute a definite enough statemen
to serve the purpose of defining
national agricultural policy"
EYE PRICE SUPPORTS
Farm price supports are UNI
dergoing close study and criti-
cism.
There are many who believe tina
the flexible price supports of tn
Aiken farm law should become ei
fective next year instead of waitin
until Jan. 1, 1850, the date no,
scheduled.
Those who advocate moving, u
the effective date contend the pre-:
ent 80 percent of parity ~guarante
will be very costly to the treasur
and add to, rather than diminish II
flation.
Support levels would be lower uI
der the Aiken flexible plan whic
authorizes crop loans ranging fro
go to 80 percent of parity, accor(
snn To tho cizo Of tho r11nnIu
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27
Worlds Greatest Nation
Still Can't Build Homes
BY BRADFORD v. CARTER
LPA Columnist

What Americans proudly haunt before the world as
American way life" being profoundly changed by the
shortage housing The cheerful we'll groomed family
with mother COOL airy porch and the kids playing
in the fencedn plot fronons the pet subject of full
color ads-s longer typical Ask the 100000
families who living doubled up
There lot of hopes exploded when Sen Taft in the
special Congress- baby, the Taft
Eender Wagner bill This would have set national goal of
100000 dwelling units in the next ten including
900 units for lowncome families built by local authorities
with public funds In addition provided financial incentives
builders rental housing and homes
middle price" range Finally time would
have granted funds aid cities that wanted plan their
growth, and to undertake program of slum clearance
Housing experts pulling themselves together, to
what savaged from the housing bill
finally by the Republicans early August What does
this to people looking for homes either in the
next few years?
The passed unquestionably gravy train for the
mortgage industry and people here charge would Social
iz the thru its federal insurance of
billion dollars which these insurance companies might
invest rental housing The mortgage bankers will do all of
the lending circumstances eliminating all risk for
single family developments insured result of the
housing bill And they'll be allowed to charge home buyers
44 % interest instead of the current of Az.
The mortgage bankers also allowed to hold greater
proportion their the form of federay insured CT
mortgages They're allowed under the law to renance
5o% of their notes CT mortgages instead of the 25 allowed
previously
these provisions exactly that Sen
Taft said infatonary," in his TEW bill That
his shamefaced for not passing the bill with public
lowrent housing clearance provisions it, Actually
it's pretty that Taft abandoned his bill be-
couldn't those swart foes of public housing
the the House with iron hand Reps
Charles Halleck (R, Ind) Jesse WolcoN R, Mich) and
Joseph Martin (R, Mass).
Housing oofficials encouragedand somewhat amazed
to find reading the bill that there is provision
cooperative housing projects There's also
ton granting Federal Housing Agency the make
housing authorities which will be
abed construct and limited dividend developments
Exactly what this will depends how 1t is inter
preted by FHA Administrator Raymond Foley and his staff
The regulations completed their publication
awaited eagerly lot Of people here in Washington and
dthe country.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27

National Maritime Unions
hope of ruling on constitution
ality of TIL anti-Communist
affidavits was thwarted by the
Supreme Court justices,
NMU challenged two TIL
provisions: requirement that
unions using the Board
Cd file financial statements
with the government; (2) sign
the affidavits.
Court ruled that financial
provision is OK under Consti-
tuition; but, since union hadn't
compiled with that section,
court didn't bother to rule on
the affidavit question.
Steel union, which has filed
financial statement, has not
filed affidavits, has sent briefs
to U. S, Circuit Court in Chi
cago in Inland Steel pension
case. If it goes to top court,
that case may provide desired
ruling on validity of TIL affi-
davits.
y
Every so often you hear
an item that warns your
heart.
For instance: delegates to
the C1O Packinghouse union
convention in Chicago last
month had to pay soc fine each
time they were late to a ses-
sion.
Union collected $226 that
way-turned the money over
to families of three strikers
who lost their lives during the
spring meat packing strike.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27
Freedom Is Everybody's Job

Freedom than thought word 1t is priceless
possession held perhaps lightly by who have it, but
desperately by the countless millions who lost it,
For freedom be lost 1t has been lost in time by
peoples forefahers died to achieve it, Freedom
priceless heritage bought with the of
fathers Our brothers died to keep it, We do less than
keep the Of its value always minds and to
observe Freedom Train week in everyday life.
For very life In America free to
wish worship God dictates
We please and do business part of
the land desire We free people.
With freedom goes responsibility Liberty not license
Freedom gives great privilege 1t gives also the responsibility
keep guard and to prevent abuse of freedom in
way of life.
Freedom is everybodys job That slogan, the theme of
Rededicaon Week Toledo starting August precede the
coming the Freedom Train August 81 The Freedom Train
carrying the priceless documents of heritage of liberty and
freedom will torcbly Of the priced possession that
is these United States Let thoughts and
solves during cherish
that freedonhat Of will do his share value and
keep IL, for-Freedom Is Everybody's Job.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27
Everyfhine's OK Now

Sit back and relax-and quit worrying
about high prices. Make like you're
Republican congressional leader.
There's nothing to worry about-really.
Most of your financial troubles are
imaginary-not inflationary. And you'll
be able to get adequate housing in few
years.
Those big profits figures you've been
reading don't mean thing. They're based
not upon real but inflated dollars.
And, besides, you've now been pro-
tected from yourself. You can no longer
get yourself in a bad hole by buying on
the installment plan the necessities for
which you're unable to pay cash.
What are you gripping about, anyhow?
You're working, aren't you? Things are
better than they were when millions were
unemployed.
Suppose round steak does cost more
than a buck a pound. You don't have to
eat steak, do you?
And why be so stupid about economies?
Haven't you learned that it's fitting and
proper for the big corporations to act like
hogs now and then? They're going to use
their profits to expand, not so they can
make more profits but so they can provide
jobs when they're needed.
There's really nothing to worry about
as long as the Republicans are in power
and the corporations make bigger profits
every year.
And if you don't believe it just ask
the r epu b leans and the corporation
executives.
But don't ask us. High prices and the
housing situation have us in such dopey
state we might tell you the truth. And the
truth bears no resemblance to the COP
big business story.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27
There's Some Silver Lining

There's no doubt about IT. that special
session of Congress put us in foul mood,
as well it might. So we started hunting for
a bit of silver lining in the dark cloud
which hung over us.
We found ii down in Tennessee, where
Estes Kefauver and G or d o n Browning
tossed a couple of mon key wrenches
into old Boss Crumps political machine.
Crump who had been riding high and
wide if not so handsome for 20 or more
years, really hit the political dust And
one of the groups which h e II pc d him
achieve defeat was the CIO, which the
Crump forces years ago threatened to run
out of Memphis.
1t was good to see man like Keauver
win the senatorial nomination over a man
Crump backed and a man Crup had just
cast aside.
1t was good to see Browning, who was
once defeated by the Crump machine,
prove that man can stage gubernatorial
comeback.
But il was even better TO see a group
of fighters shatter the great illusion that
"in Tennessee you can't win W I hout
Crump's support"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27
They Are ChiseIers

The record is bad enough, but we won
der just how much worse it would be If
the Wage & Hour Division had enough
money to carry out the inspection job it
would like to do. Although operating
shorthanded, the agency found during the
year ending June 80 that
Slightly more than half of the firms
Inspected had violated the minimum wage,
overtime or child labor provisions of the
Fair Labor Standards Act.
More than 100 900 workers were chiseI.
ed out of more than 81 million by their
employers.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27
On Peace
by Ruth Taylor

How well do we want peace? And what
do we mean by peace?
Is it acduiescence to conditions until
crisis develops? Is it golden days in which to
garner all we can for ourselves? Is it a chance
to live our own lives unfettered by respon-
sibility for others?
Or do we believe that peace is a desirable
object in itself? Do we feel that it is the nor
NAL state of mankind, that wars and dissen-
sion are wrong? Do we want peace based on
justice, or peace just for ourselves?
Peace does not mean unnecessary meddling
in the affairs of others. It means enforcement
of basic traffic laws. True peace is not one
that passeth understanding. Peace can be per-
manent only If it is based on understanding
We cannot have peace on earth unless we
respect each other and each others rights
That does not mean reversing ownerShips
1t does not mean raising one group at the ex-
pense of another. 1t means assuring to all alike
equal freedoms and equal opportunities for
growth. There is no security for peace except
in the highest development of all
We cannot have peace unless we are will
ing to pay price for it. And that price is the
same as for freedom eternal vigilance. We
cannot have peace when there are unsettled
problems. We cannot have peace if there are
sore spots of resentmnt and discrimination.
There comes a time when we have to decide if
we want peace enough to fight for it.
Nov you are talking war again! We don't
want war We are fed up with going over
seas!"
But - wait minute. Who is talking o.,
war and going overseas? n
We can't have peace in the world until we
have peace at home! We can't have peace in
the nation until we have peace in the COM
munity We can't have peace in the community
until we have peace among our own people.
And just where does that leave you brother?
What about that union melting you shirk-
ed? The election in which you did not vote?
The job you left half done? The way you
snapped at people all day just because you got
up few minutes late and had to rush?
Peace begins at home If you want it, you
will have to start with yourself.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-08-27

longshore work. That system
led to favoritism, corruption,
bribery. Labor Board admit
ed as much - but said TIL
laws ban on closed shop
halls.
Joe Curran, seamen's union
head, predicted decision - if
clearly extends to the hiring
CIO lawyers see dangerous
allowed to stand will ruin
the maritime industry" And
Interference with right to
strike.
4
J. Paraell Thomas House
UnAmerican Activities Com
mittee has been getting lots of
headlines on current Spy"
hearings - but the voting
records of committees nine
members receive little pub
licity. For your information;
the voting habits of the COM
mittee members smell like old
eggs.
On Is key issues listed in
CIO News Voting Record, the
nine UnAmerican Committee
members voted right" only
25% of the time. All nine vot-
ed for Taft Hartley; all nine
voted for crippling amend
ments to Wage-Hour Act.
y +
u. S. unions are reacting to
threats on their existence. La
Dor Day meetings in many
cities will find AFL. CIO
groups cooperating for first
time. In Detroit, where Presi-
dent Truman is scheduled to
speak, there'll be terrific Joint
parade down Woodward Ave-
nue..
Phil Murray is making La
Dor Day speeches in Steuben-
vile, Ohio, and Wheeling, w.
Va. 1.-TWO towns are across the
river from each other).
Murray is making Labor
Day radio speech over CHS
network at 900 p. m. EDIT on
Labor Day. It'll be worth
hearing,
y r r
NOTES FORM HERE AND
THERE:
Labor advisers at ECA are
pleased with way European
unions are making important
niche for themselves in Euro
pean aid program apparatus
overseas Tom Burke, vet
eran UAW member and vice
of Toledo, Ohio is run
ming for Congress Secre-
tary of Labor Maurice Tobin
mounting heavy attack on
Taft Hartley Act and COP
cuts in Labor Departments
budget CLOS 51-member
executive board meets August
80 to consider question of
election endorsement Cop
les of CIO Education Depart
new pamphlet ITO the
Farmer From His Custo-
- was distributed at
Wisconsin State Fair. It's a
good job of explaining COM
mon interests of farmers and
CITY workers
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1948-10-28
Homemalke1s'
Briefs
By Losss1a cswdss
Asst Extension Agent

How - Treat Flewsfing Bulls
Before Planting
Right now i the time to buy
towering bulbs, and the wise home
grower win Get the most for hid
or her money by. purchasing the
best possible kind Of bulbs rather
than taking those available e bar
gain prices. q
You get just about what you
pay for in freedom from disease
and general quality. Large sizes
are more likely 70 Be tree from
disease and produce better flowers
than smaller sizes.
In general, American grown
bulbs are equal or superior to the
foreign-Uown bulbs, which are
more expensive In part because
mechanical American methods
cut production costs greatly.
The home grower should exam
Inc the bulbs closely when buying
and reject any with dark spots or
bruises and those not firm to the
touch. The same practice per-
tains' to growers replanting their
bulbs.
Principal disease problems in
Dubious plants have been outlined
by M. r. Harris, extension plant
pathologist at Washington State
college, who advises that il the
grower does not spray or treat his
plants that is one more reason for
purchasing quality bulbs and Civ
ing them the best possible care.
Tulips are quite hardy but some
may need to be treated. Research
in Washington state has shown
that wettable Spergon used a. al
dip viii greatly decrease the|
Of disease in q tulip bed.
Bulbs should be dipped in a solu- |
ton made Of two ounces Of ma
terial in three gallons Of water.
In the spring when tulips are upl
the leaves are frequently attacked
by a fungus disease known as|
blight or fire disease. This can be
controlled by use Of q spray ma
terial known as Fermate.
Tulips frequently have a virus
disease spread by insects and
known as breaking. This shows
up as a striped or snottled condi-
ton Of flowers which when normal
show solid color. Leaves Of such
plants are usually distorted, with
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1948-10-28
Arbor Homes Becoming Ready for
Families al The Rate Of Five a Day

Lawns, along the front and
sides, will be planted with . mix
ture OF Kentucky Blue Grass,
Chewing Fesque and Ted Top. he
said. Two bales Of peat moss, and
400 pounds Of commercial terti-
rlizer will be used on each lot
That brought up the topic OF
Kennewick soils and climate. The
soil. said James, IS unbehevably
productive; the sole problem IS T.
see that growing plants have sui
ficient water: As to the climate
nurserymen will see that shrubs
trees and lawns are watered until
their survival through the winted
period of dormancy is assured
Home owners will take over their
care this fall, II they are in their
homes, or in the spring, when reg.
ular care is again needed.
His firm, James said, is the
Shur-Gro Company, Handicapped
and Fertilizer Producers. Of Seat
tie. Trees and shrubs come b
truck from their Seattle r"--.-;-.
and from their growing fields II
Oregon.
Although handspring has much
to do with exploiting the last poe.
sible bit Of natural charm from q
home, Al La Pierre, Arbor Home.
builder, pointed out that the us<
of color IS also important.
I'VE have q choice Of IS diff.
ferent hues and colors for decor.
ating the gable ends Of oul
homes" he said. I'VE have II ea.
terror colors In use, varied into
color combinations per house
Four different color combination.
are used on the interiors"
Flower boxes, shutters. pergola.
and trellises add individuality an6
distinction to the homes, he added
Other attractive feaures Of the
homes, La Pierre said, are vene.
ian blinds and door chimes. Bath
rooms are equipped with shower.
and tubs and are finished In col.
orful plastic tile to heights fou
feet above tub tops. Four inches
of rock wool insulation in ceilings
aluminium foil insulation In walls
full concrete driveways to garages