davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-12-23
War Powers for the President

1t is q difficult task which confrontS
national defense planners assigned to
drawing up legislation conferring stand
by emergency powers on the President
for use in war only. The problem Is one
that has been debated since the Constitu-
tional Convention The Civil War and
both World Wars revived the issue of how
far to 70 in conferring "dictatorial" author
ity on the Executive. In all these wars
the President, with and without special
legislation, has exercised extraordinary
powers to insure victory.
Experience has shown that in time OF
great national emergency the President
needs authority to act quickly to mobilize
the resources Of the'Nation. The proposed
National War Emergency Act being studied
BY the President and the National Security
Resources Board is intended to profit from
lessons Of the past. In previous wars no
great harm resulted from few days
delay in obtaining congressional sanction
for temporary expansion Of presidential
powers. But President Lincoln, fearing to
risk delay, acted first and asked for con-
gressional approval later, confident that
It would be forthcoming. 1t was. Congress
even approved Lincoln's unauthorized sus-
pension of habeas corpus. Later, Lincoln
explained: Congress had indefinitely ad-
tourned. There was no time to convene
them. 1t became necessary for me to
choose whether, using only the existing
means, agencies and processes which Con-
gress provided, should let the Government
fall at once into ruin or whether, availing
myself of the broader powers conferred by
the Constitution in cases Of insurrection,
I would make an effort to save it, with all
its blessings, for the present age and for
posterity."
While security planners do not suggest
suspension of habeas corpus or other un-
duly drastic encroachments on the rights of
civilians in time of war, they contend that
the President should be given wide eco
nomic and military controls in event of
war-and that legislation authorizing
these controls should be passed before, not
after, attack in the atomic age. Their
argument is that the atomic bomb has
eliminated the margin of time which has
enabled us to prepare in the past.
Certainly 1t Is prudent to have pro-
gram of legislation ready to submit to
Congress In another extreme emergency
Whether it is advisable to go further and
adopt such legislation now, with provision
for its use only when war strikes, is
question that probably will be debated at
length when the proposed bill is submitted
to Congress And just how far such legis-
lation should go in converting the Nation
from peacetime democracy to wartime
Relationship" regimented for an all-out
war effort, will present Congress an old,
old problem with an atomic new look"
Evening star., 1948-12-23
Toio Hanged

The hanging of Hideki TOTO and six
fellow Japanese war criminals comes more
than seven years after the strike at Pearl
Harbor launched Japan's utterly disastrous
bid for domination of the Far East.
They have not been years to inspire
hope for the future. To be sure, the
principals in that evil alliance known as
the Axis have met death in their separate
ways. Hitler took his own life as Berlin
was crumbling around him. The strutting
Mussolini was killed by his countrymen.
And now TOTO, who more than any other
man symbolized a militarized Japan, has
died on the gallows at the decree of an
international tribunal.
For TOTO and his co-conSpirators, except
in the cases of those concerning whose
guilt there may be room for doubt, there
will be little sympathy. Their offenses
were monstrous, and no rationalizing after
the event. no spinning of legal theories,
can alter the fact that they were the
principal architects of an imperialistic
war which brought death and untold
suffering to thousands and millions OF
innocent people. They richly deserved the
fate which overlook them.
1t is impossible to feel, however. that
the execution of these men marks the
end of an old chapter and the beginning
of a new. AS it happens, all twenty-five
of the Japanese defendants, with one ex-
ception, were found guilty of atrocities in
addition to being convicted of the offense
of conspiring to wage aggressive war. So
the validity of the judgment Is hardly
open to challenge.
There is much room for misgiving, how
ever, as to the effectiveness of the attempt
to outlaw the planning of aggressive war.
The precedent has been fixed, both at
Nuremberg and in the Tokyo trial Yet
it is all too apparent that the planners OF
aggressive war remain with U.S. The un-
pleasant conclusion is that mankind has
not yet come to the point where the pros
pect of punishment under international
law will serve as a deterrent. Too many
men with power again to plunge the world
into strife seem to hold to the belief that
the only crime of an aggressor is to lose
a war
Evening star., 1948-12-23

work to health problems affecting only
this country. His advice was sought and
given in many lands, especially in the war
on those onetime scourges Of mankind,
yellow fever and bubonic plague. He
helped to organize the Office international
dHygiene Publique and was its represent
ative before the League of Nations He
was decorated by several American nations
for his service as director of the Pan
American Sanitary Bureau.
Doctor Cumming continued his interest
in national and international public health
activities after. his retirement as Surgeon
General in 1885, He had served in that
Office under five Presidents. His death
at seventy mine removes a health cru
sader to whom the world, as beneficiary,
owes debt of gratitude.
Evening star., 1948-12-23
One Lost Anqel

They left the small bxo,on boy to guard
the sheep
And hurried do,Dn the hills to Bethlehem,
Thinking he had not heard the ne'os
through sleep,
Knowing he was too small to pace 'otth
them,
But angel songs still cadenced In his ears
And Just above him shone the glorious
star
And though he Mould keep match, for
lambs haze fears,
For hin, no journey ,oould hare seemed
too far
To see the Holy Babe the promised King.
But lambs need care and so he hid regret
And in that moment heard street. rotce
sing
A cradle song and he ,oonld not
forget,
In all his lite, ho,o one last angel came
and brushed him Nth t1hite ,ctnos-ono
spoke his name.
ANOBEL ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1948-12-23
AN Act of Vengeance?

To the Editor Of The Star:
1t is too bad that every period Of rejoicing
and good cheer has to be shadowed by sad
ness During the World War we who stayed
at home could not look on a Christmas tree
or eat our plum pudding without thinking of
the boys fighting and suffering and dying on
the far-flung battle lines.
Now after the most brilliant victories in all
our history we are suffering the most humliat-
ing diplomatic defeats.
We have planted a small contingent of our
army in Berlin with large and growing demo-
cratic following without any means of egress
and ingress except the air; We have sold the
idea Of the United Nations to the world as the
only salvation from another war and then at
Evening star., 1948-12-23
Nothinq Can Be Done About 1t

According to an English pSychlatrlSC
named DR.. Humphrey Cartwright the
thing to do on Christmas Is to make sure
the kiddies have plenty of horns, drums
and other noise makers. His idea, appar-
emily, is that this will keep them so occu-
pied and entranced that they will work off
their excitement and surplus energy by
concentrating on making racket instead
of running around the house breaking fur
niture and upsetting the tree.
Parents must be pardoned, however, II
they take dim view of DR.. Cartwright's
counsel. When Saturday comes around,
little boys and girls are not going to be
sidetracked by the devices he recommends.
In keeping with their immemorial practice
after Santa's visit, they are going to raise
a rumpus and create chaos. To load them
down with noise-makers (they will receive
them from thoughtless aunts and uncles,
anyhow will not restrain them in the
slightest; on the contrary, 1t is hard to
think of a better way to incite them to
the most energetic kind of assault on all
the animate and inanimate objects around
them.
Actually with or without noise-makers,
there is going to be both racket and break
age on Christmas. We can do very little
about that Children are children, and it
is absurd to suppose that we can keep
them from cutting loose simply by giving
them lots of horns and drums. As sure
as there is a Santa, such a move would
not save any of the things already doomed
to being broken; all 1t would do would be
to increase the din. Let us leave well
enough alone, Dr. Cartwright
Evening star., 1948-12-23
Birth Control Opposed

To the Editor Of The star:
I read the article in The Star of December
20 about owen Roberts accepting the chair
manship of the 1e49 campaign for planned
parenthood-in other words, the encourage
ment of birth control. What is our world
coming to, when we permit such people and
organizations to step in and try to prevent the
purpose for which man and woman marry
that is, to bring into the world children VINO
80 ana lovs God, Ed.
Evening star., 1948-12-23
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

@. Who are the BLUE Angels"?-C. J. s.
A. The flight exhibition team OF the United
States Navy is known by this name. Originally
authorized on April 2, 1916, one purpose of the
Blue Angels is to acquaint the public with the
tactical use of aircraft, the maneuverability Of
carrier based planes and the teamwork re-
quired of naval aviators. Approximately 140
performances have been given before millions
of spectators.
@. Which brings in the greater revenue,
Federal or State taxes?-J. H.
A. Preliminary figures for 1947 indicate that
total State tax revenues in the United States
amounted to $57sS, ,0O0, ,O00 Total Federal taxes
in 1s47 amounted to 35,0S9 100000.
@. Does q skywriter, when making such let
ters as a." 1T" or a." have to climb and dive
or does he just fly on level or Ngzag?-P.
st. C.
A. The Skywriting Corporation Of America
says that the skywriter flies horizontal to the
ground making his letters in a manner similar
to that of an ice skater executing figures.
@. What is the approximate number of
women golfers in the United States?-J. F. D.
A. Golfdom estimates that the total number
of women golfers in the United States is
389 $40 It's figures include only those golfers
who play 10 or more rounds a year.
Evening star., 1948-12-23

America can impose their will Is undoubt-
edly an evil and setback to the growth
of constitutional democracy in those lands.
However, 1t is merely one phase of prob
lem which includes other important fac
tors. More than the army Is involved in
political, economic and social conditions
which tend to breed revolutions. To con-
centrate on one symptom is not to find q
cure for the disease
Evening star., 1948-12-23

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address Of the
,oriter, although 1t Is permissible for
q 1oriter kno1Dn to The Star to use
a nom de plume. Please be briet.
Evening star., 1948-12-23

Few gfeat writer's have INDUCED in
intoxicating beverages, says a Kansas
temperance advocate, lending color, but
not much, to any theory that old Omar
stepped into the tavern for bowl-game
score
Evening star., 1948-12-23

No word of any exchange of Christmas
cards between the two U. N. factions
though little shopping around should
turn up something that features seven
foot icicles
Evening star., 1948-12-23

Bonnie Prince Charlie has a peachy
complexion, golden hair and the face of
an angel. Yet many citizen attains to
the nickname of Chuck with Just as un-
promising q start
Evening star., 1948-12-23
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question Of
fact by writing The Evening Star alton
Bureau. 316 Eye street NE, washington 2, D. C.
Please inclose cents for return postage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
Resigning GreenbeIt Manager
Requests Double Leave Paw

The resignation of James T. Cob
bel as town manager of Greenbelt,
which becomes effective Monday,
has raised the question of how
many days of accumulated leave he
is due.
The issue arose last night at a
meeting of the Town Council when
Mr.. Gobbel declared he was en-
titled to SO days of accumulated
double" leave. He read an inter-
probation of a resolution passed
in 1916 by the Town Council in
which Town Solicitor John S. White
stated the manager very definitely
was entitled to the double leave
accrued in the three years he served
IN the dual capacity of town man
ager and community manager of
Greenbelt.
The 1916 resolution he referred to
provided that Mr. Gobbel was en-
titled to all leave benefits given
regular employees of the town.
Fights 1916 Resolution.
Mrs. Elizabeth Harrington, men,
Der of the council. sought unsuccess-
fully to have the 1916 resolution
rescinded A similar move made
by Mrs. Harrington last month was
tabled and efforts to reopen the
tabled motion last night failed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
Arlington League 10 Indorse
Nonparfisan for Board

Malcolm D. Miller. chairman.
said yesterday that the Arlington
Better Government League will In
dorse a nonpartisan candidate for
County Board at a meeting August
~.
Mr.. Miller said questionnaires will
be distributed to nonpartisan candi-
dates for the vacancy to be filled in
November. To date, only one person,
Lee Potter. has filed as ar, indepen-
dent candidate.
T. Oscar Smith, runner-up In the
County Board election last year, sale
he will enter the race as q non.
partisan If the Republicans enter q
candidate by convention. The
Democrats will be represented By
the winner of their tl1ree-way
August 3 primary contest.
Mr.. Smith said he viii support
Mr.. Potter II no other Independents
files for the ONCE. s s4i4s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
Wheat Yield Reported
Close 10 Average in
Most Of Maryland

The 1948 wheat yield. reported as
much as so per cent below expecta-
tons on some Frederick County
farms. is near average in most parts
of Maryland, statisticians of the
Agriculture Department said today.
A miller described the Montgomery
County crop as "subnormal" because
of spotted damage resulting from
wind and hail storms just before
the harvest. He estimated the
county crop at IS per cent of aver
age yield.
D. B. Wilson. statistician for the
Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
said farmers generally have been as
much concerned about quality as
quantity Of the wheat. The crop
looks better in the field than 1t is
proved to be on threshing, he said
He explained that in most sections
the grain did not fill out we'll before
ripening.
Mr.. Wilson said the per-acre yield
in Maryland this year is less than
that for 1947. but approximates the
10-year average. He commented
that 1947 was an unusually good
wheat year.
A. R. Selby. manager Of the Liberty
Milling Co., Germantown, said crop
losses vary, principally because of a
late June storm that knocked down
the wheat, speeding up ripening be-
fore maturity. Heaviest damage was
in the Potomac River section, he
said, while farms around Damascus
and Laytonsville Jared much better
A combination OF circumstances
was blamed for the scrop failure In
Frederick, where some farmers de-
cided to grind their short crop for
feed rather than market it. Growers
said some crop yields would be. as
low as 40 per cent Of the original
estimates. .. ..
Latest figures show that Maryland
has 1885,, 900 acres in wheat this year,
compared with $4,000 in 1947 and
an average of 1863 900 for the 10-year
period.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
Taxi Ho|dup Gun Girl
Among Nine Convicts
Paro|ed in Maryland
By the Associated Press

ANNAPOLIS, Md, July ia
woman convicted as the gun girl in
a series of taxicab holdups in WASH
ington in 1945 is free on parole aft
err serving 26 months in Jail.
Mrs. Flora Roberto Thompson, 26,
of Washington. was among inc
Maryland prisoners paroled Friday
by Gov. Lane on recommendation
of the State Board of Parole and
Probation.
Parole records on file with tie
secretary of State show that Mrs.
Thompson, colored, held tie gun
while a male companion robbed
cabbies in Washington AID Prince
Georges County.
Their method was to have the
cab driver take tnem ont to iso-
lated suburban areas, where they
forced him out of the taxi. took
his money and drove off in the
cab, the record indicated.
After trial and conviction In the
District of Columbia, Mrs. Thomp-
son served Is months of 6-to-18-
month sentence at Occoquan. On
her discharge last August. she was
tried in Prince Georges County on
a charge of robbery with a deadly
weapon for the Maryland offenses
and sentenced to an indetermjnate
term of mot more than five years"
in the State Reformatory for
Women.
Mrs. Thompson had 40 previous
criminal record and was courteous
and cooperative" in jail, the prison
report said. She will work in WASH
ington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
District Man Gets SO Days
In Bethesda GARAGE Break

William H. Walton, IS, OF the
1900 block of South Carolina ave-
nue. Sc, was sentenced in Bethesda
Police Court yesterday to serve so
days in the Rockville Jail for tam
pering with an automobile.
Police said Walton, colored, was
arrested July after he broke into
the garage of Mrs. Lee Ogilvie, 8404
Elmhurst drive, Bethesda.
Trial Magistrate William B.
Wheeler imposed a $50 fine on
Charles Tucker, 1900 block of Wis
consin avenue NV, on charge OF
assault and battery. He was accused
of striking Robert A. Haines, Cabin
John. with his fist last Saturday in
a Cabin John tavern.
John P. Stewart. 81. of the 800
block Eighth street NE, forfeited
500 collateral on gambling
charge. Police said that when
Stewart was arrested last week near
Bethesda, they found a large guam
tity of number slips on him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
D. c. Police Join Search
For Fl. Meade Fuqitives

District police today were aiding
Federal and Army authorities in a
search for Pvt. Leonard Beasley, o.
Washington resident who escaped
yesterday from the Fort Meade pris-
on stockade.
Pvt. Beasley, colored, was awaiting
trial on a desertion charge. Army
officials said he deserted the Army In
April, 1947. He was arrested here
July by agents of the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation.
Army authorities said Pvt. Bedsley
has a wife, whose last known address
was in the 300 block of Thirteenth
street NE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
SaIaried Recreation Head
Proposed for Falls Church

Provision for full-time salaried
director will be included in budget
now being drafted by the Falls
Church Recreation Commission for
action by the Town Council next
month, Larue Van Meter. commits
sion chairman, said today.
The commission Is the outgrowth
of former efforts of the parent
teacher associations to coordinate
recreation programs with those Of
Fairfax County The commission
has been granted $3.50 to continue
this program where the PTA move
ment left of.
Other members of the commission
were Mrs. Mark Regan, secretary;
Col. Frederick Riley. John w.
Rooms, John C. White, M. T. Rust.
Samuel McCrary, Mrs. Robert Meth
and Thomas Todd, coach at the
Falls Church High School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
;ponsible should present their resig-

sponsible should present their resig-
nations"
Arthur C. Horton of Rockville,
chief engineer of the National In
stitute of Cleaning and Dyeing, told
the meeting that he had considered
taking his children from the Mont
gomery County schools and sending
them to their grandmother in Viz
ginia, because they cannot get the
necessary foundation of educa-
ton. particularly reading.
The parents furthered their Or
ganization by choosing John H.
Hiser, Bethesda theater owner. as
chairman, and electing the follow
ing other officers: Robert B. Parke.
vice president; Emil Pessagno,
treasurer; Mrs. Frances Acton, re-
cording secretary, and Mrs. Duncan
Brooks, corresponding secretary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13

Former Mayor George F. Bauer
asserted the 1916 resolution was
not passed properly and said Town
Manager Gobbel has not acted in
good faith" in claiming SO days
leave.
Mr.. Gobbel's salary is more than
$4,000 annually. No town official
present at the meeting last night,
however, was willing to estimate
how much salary Mr.. Gobbel would
receive during the SO days.
Special Session Called.
The council decided to hold a
special session at pm. Friday to
determine how many days. Mr.. Cob
bel is due
Police Chief George Pannagoulis
was named acting town manager,
effective next Monday when MIR.
Gobbel vacates the post. He re-
signed in April. He has announced
he would take a similar position
elsewhere.
The council reported that Is
candidates have applied for the
vacancy.
In other actions, the council ap-
proved wage increases of $3.50 a
year for town employees and &C
cepted for first reading a proposal
to place town employees under the
State retirement system.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
Falls Church Orders
Survey After Hearing
Annexation Proposal

Immediate annexation of more
territory by Falls Church was urged
at a meeting of the Town Council
last. night. IT,. g:,4s
A report of DR.. and Mrs. Thomas
H. Reed, municipal affairs special
lists, pointed out the advantages OF
prompt expansion of the bounda-
ries and warned that further delay
would put the town in danger of
losing the benefits of annexation.
The report also suggested that
"the meager industrial area in Falls
Church be augmented by annexing
territory suitable for light indus
trial development"
Council Plans Survey.
\ Annexation. according to the re-
port, should not be confined to de-
veloped subdivisions adjacent to
present boundaries, but also should
include a substantial ring of unde-
veloped areas.
The council accepted the report
and voted to hire an engineer to
make survey of the territory in
volved.
Town Attorney La Rue Van Meter
was asked by the council to request
Circuit Court Judge Paul Brown to
certify Falls Church as a second
class city. A recent special census
disclosed the population of the town
warranted such recognition.
The council approved a request OF
Capt. T. H. Howe, police chief, for a
police commission to pass on mat
tiers affecting the behavior and
status of town policemen. Members
named were Town Manager Roy F.
Dunn. Town Clerk Sherman Wells
and Capt. Howe.
Fiesta Permit Granted.
A permit was granted to c. F.
Blanding on behalf of the Falls
Church Community Park. Inc. for
a three-day fiesta to be held on
September "a, Is and 26. His re-
quest for 5000 to 81 900 for expenses
and for use of the Gibson property,
now under lease by the town, was
referred to the Recreation Commits
sion.
A delegation from the Hillwood
Citizens Association protested
drainage conditions at Buxton road
and Broad street. They presented a
petition asking that storm drain
be installed. The matter was re-
ferred to Town Manager Dunn.
The council voted to accept an
offer of Basset and Jones to donate
one acre on West Broad street in
Falls Hills subdivision for the towns
proposed 900 ,0O0-gallon water tank.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-07-13
Child Society Extends
REORGANIZATION Time

The National Society for Grip
pied Children has extended fol
another 80 days its deadline for
the d.ssensfoii ridden Washington
society to s'reorganize' or be ex-
PEELED, 1t was announced today
Originally the deadline was set
for Sunday by the parent organi-
cation.
Mrs. Beulah Drake, District presi-
dent, said a report will be made as
soon as possible.
Demands for reorganization OF
the District society, supported by
the sale of Easter seals, erupted
last April, when five employees re-
signed in protest against the So
ciety's operating methods. Suisse
quently two directors resigned, and
third announced she will follow
them if the society fails to reor-
ganize.
Mrs. Drake recently appointed
fve-memter committee to make a
survey of the local organizations
operations. She did not reveal the
names of the persons appointed
to the committee but did say. at
that time, the study would take
until at least August ! to complete