davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-06-11
Stars, Men and Atoms f
Cos Watch Is Developed
By Radio Impulse Use
Will Be Keeping Same Time Million
Years Hence, Scientists Say
By Thomas r. Henry

ny Il DO"uS IA A4c"y
Bureau of Standards scientists are working
on q new kind Of "watch"-a tube Of colorless
gas through which passes . continuous radio
impulse
Still in pioneer stages Of development, this
kind of timepiece Is not yet very accurate.
1t cannot be relied on for measurements OF
much greater precision than a ten-millionth
of q second, which is quite crude compared to
the potentialities of the best devices for keep
ing time.
The great advantage is that it witt never run
down. 1t will be keeping the same lime mil
lion years hence as today although the primary
standard, the revolution of the es rth on Its
axis, will have slowed down several hours.
No conditions of heat or cold ever can AFFECT
its accuracy, which is expected to become very
much greater as the present experiments
continue.
Theory of Gas 'Watch."
The theory Of the gas watch" Is ba sed on
the fact that every atom in every molecule
of any substance is in constant vibration at an
invariable frequency. When radio impulse
Is passed through any such substance. the
vibration rate of whose atoms is known, the
quivering atoms act as receiving stations for
those waves with precisely the same vibration
rate as their own. The result is that little
less energy comes out of the tube than went in.
The radio frequency can be fixed with great
accuracy. The vibration rate of atoms must
be determined by laborious laboratory studies
of each element. Any radio frequency sent
through the tube which does not match pre-
cisely the vibration frequency is unaffected.
Any loss of energy is recorded automatically
on a dial When there is dip in the pointer
it means that a precise match has been OBJ
tanned. Eventually it is expected that there
will be devised some sort of automatic ad-
justment so that dip will be maintained at
all times. Thus the atom vibration rate can
be made q precise measurer OF time which
never will vary with the ages.
Ammonia Gas Used
At present ammonia gas is being used in the
tube, because the vibration rates of the atoms
in the ammonia molecules have been de-
termined with great precision. Presumably any
other gas whose exact composition is known
would be as good.
There is one source Of error which must be
overcome, or for which corrections must be
made, which otherwise might make differences
of billionth Of second or more. This is the
fact that the atoms not only are vibrating but
moving backward and forward, which causes
a slight difference In the absorption.
The amount of the error introduced is not
yet known but must be determined and cor
rections allowed for it in the future. 1t will
depend to a considerable extent on tempera-
ture
Evening star., 1948-06-11
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE

BY THE HASklN SERVICE
O. Are horses ever white at birth?-D. c. w.
A. The Bureau of Animal Husbandry says
very few horses are pure white at birth. Most
white horses are dull gray when born.
O. Why did Shakespeare in his will leave
his second best bed" to his wife?-R. G. D.
A. DR.. Joseph Quincy Adams, one OF the
greatest authorities on Shakespeare, quoted
the item in Shakespeare'S will and remarked:
This seemingly trivial bequest, together with
the fact that ShakespeareS wife is not other
wise mentioned in the will, has led to much
speculation, and not a little adverse criticism.
Yet the facts may readily be explained by the
assumption that at this time, Mrs. Shakes
peare, now 60 years of age, was an invalid,
and that the poet had already made arrange
ments for her proper care by Susanna and
Mr.. Hall who were at once to remove into
New Place and provide her with suitable
home
O. Is veto in the United Nations limited to
the Security Council?-E. K. E.
A. 1t is. There is no veto in the General
Assembly or in any Of the other organs.
O. When and by whose authority were these
final words added to the Lords Prayer: For
thine is the kingdom and the power and the
glory"?-M. F. B.
A. In the Lords Prayer Matthew, s; Luke,
I'D the doxology For thine Is the kingdom,
and the power. and the glory forever, Amen"
is found only in St. Matthew (Authorized Ver-
sion), and is omitted in many manuscripts.
1t is used by most Protestants. but not by
Catholics. The Catholics consider this term
ination an Interpolation.
O. Is the rate of pay of a seaman in the
United States the highest In the world?-
M. D. G..
A. The estimated total. monthly wage Of
United States seaman is the highest in the
world survey in 1948 shows that able-bodied
seamen receive an average of 1901 monthly,
not including food and lodging.
@. Does the sun give out heat?-M " H.
A. The sun itself does not give out heat but
sends out rays of various wave lengths which
travel through space. When these rays reach
an object they cannot penetrate, their energy
is converted into heat. The rays are not hot as
long as they travel unimpeded.
Q. When was the word sweetheart" coined'
r. c. D.
A. The term sweetheart was originally
written in the form of two words. 1t Is found
in literature as early as 1890, though there
is no record showing by whom it was first used
Q. Who was the first Negro to graduate from
West Point?-J. Y.
A. Henry O. Flpper was the first Negro
graduate of the United States Military Acad-
emy Flipper, a native Of Thomasville, Ga.
was a member of the class of 1877 and was
discharged from the Army In 1882 He died
in Atlanta. Ga, May 5, 1910.
O. What is the official motto OF the North
west Mounted Police?-R. McC.
A. The motto of the Royal Canadian
Mounted Police is uphold the Right" This
is emblazoned in French on the insignia OF
the organization.
Evening star., 1948-06-11
CANISTER Methods Traced to Nazis

'Gansster Methods Traced to Nazis
To the Editor Of The Star:
While the writer who signs himself Poll
Taxes Paid" processes that the Palestine situa-
ton is way over his head, he doesn't hesitate
to proffer clever innuendoes that would have
made Herr Goebbels nod in approval He slyly
implies that Jews are Communists, that they
control the press and that Great Britain and
then the United States were involved in the
last war to make Europe 4 safe place for the
Jews to live.
poll Tax Paid" abhors the gangster methods
of the immigrant Palestine Jews. These same
Jews learned their lessons well; how could
they have emerged from the sadism and hor-
rors of the concentration camps unbrutalized?
Despite all this, remarkable degree Of re-
straint has been shown toward their oppres-
sors.
1t is hard to understand the criticism di-
rected at the Jews in America and in Palestine.
President Truman certainly did not yield to
any pressure when he reconsidered partition,
and the Jews in Palestine are paying with
their own blood for the defense Of their land
without any military or financial assistance
from the United States or any other of the
United Nations.
The struggle in Palestine is only the begin
ming of the inevitable conflict between the
Arabs and their feudalistic royalty. The Arab
King doesn't object 50 much to . Jewish state
as he does to an enlightened democratic state.
M M. CHESY.
Evening star., 1948-06-11

crisis between the two Doninions, because
India would regard such move as hos
tile act and would almost certainly invade
and occupy the country. And that, in
turn, might touch OF new cycle Of reli-
gious riots, with the possibility of war be-
tween the Dominions.
The explosive potentialities of the Hy-
derabad issue are thus only too obvious.
Evening star., 1948-06-11

Stafford, Kansas, editor numbers
among lifes illusions the lawn mower that
pushes 50 easily on the floor of the hard
ware store.
Evening star., 1948-06-11
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
priter, although 1t IS permissible for
a turiter knotpn to The Star to use
a nom de plume. Please be briet.
Evening star., 1948-06-11
Non.Partisan Americans

To the Editor Of The Star:
While great alarm Is daily produced, and
much Of it rightfully 30, too, among our elected
Representatives and Government officials con-
cerning Communists, the racial question and
diplomatic dilemmas. little IL any anxiety il
expressed or thought about BY these same Of
Evening star., 1948-06-11
The National Theater

So Marcus Heiman decides to deprive WASH
ingtonians of the one chance they had to see
legitimate shows rather than submit to the
request of Actors Equity that bigotry in the
theater be eliminated He calls "blackmail"
the ultimatum in which Equity gave him nearly
year to adjust his policies to growing lib
erality.
Mr. Heiman uses the same excuse that the
OAR and some other groups use when they
tacitly admit the pattern is wrong, but each
waits for all the others to change. He there
fore would punish all the theatergoers in
Washington, even those who would attend
shows to which = few colored citizens would 60.
The reasoning OF Mr. Heiman is exactly that
Of the capitalists in Germany when Hitler's
emissaries were building up the doctrine that
some Of the citizens Of the Reich were inferior.
He thus 10 promoting or at least, for the sake
Of profits Is helping to maintain the same un-
reasonable prejudice, hatred and group calum-
ny here In Washington, when so many people
are trying to confound our Communist oppo-
nents. E. B. HENDERSON.
To the Editor Of The star:
Unless the New York theatrical people have
. change Of heart 1t looks now as If the pa
irons Of the National Theater are to be de-
prived of this long established form OF enter
tainment.
We obviously have 1ngrid Bergman to
"thank" for the present state Of affairs A
year or two ago while visiting Washington
she was presumptuous enough although an
outsider, to agitate against racial segregation.
Because Of her prestige as an actress the New
York producers apparently felt it necessary to
back up her stand on this issue and by so
doing they allowed themselves to be ma
neuvered into 4 very uncomfortable position.
II they retreat from their present stand, they
probably think 1t would cause them to lose
face; II they hold to 1t, they undoubtedly will
lose money.
These same men heretofore have been willing
to send their plays around the country without
trying to dictate to any theater as to its policy
of admission. With the Belasco theater being
readied for the presentation of stage pro-
ductions, why not let that theater serve those
who prefer an inter-racial audience and let
the National continue as before? In this
way the colored population would have access
to good stage shows and the producers would
have two outlets for their theatrical pro-
auctions. STAR READER.
Evening star., 1948-06-11

ficials Of the great amount Of damage wrought
by partisan politics.
As the election approaches, We see and hear
daily the workings Of 1t In issues large and
small. Sometimes blatant, sometimes subtle,
sometimes openly, more often behind the
scenes, but ever present It 10 history repeat
ing each fourth year.
Somewhere there are men not bound BY
partisan interests. And somewhere there are
voters who have the courage to vote for them.
Let them all come forward in the next elec-
tion-Democrats and Republicans, yes, but
above all, Americans-fo elect and be elected
so that We first have real democracy at home
and thus be better able to protect ourselves
and help those Of other countries protect them
selves against all who seek to destroy democ-
racy wherever it exists H. r. HUFENDICK.
Maryland Boating Public Neglected
To the Editor OF The Star:
Boating supports thousands Of families in
Maryland There are nearly 200 yacht yards in
this State and they employ several thousand
men, And in considering the industries allied
with and furnishing services and supplies to
yachting the number Of persons deriving their
incomes from this field runs into the tens of
thousands. In fact, any and every industry in
this State either can or does derive some Of its
profits and wages from boating. Lumber mills
dry goods stores, five-and-tens, drugstores
groceries, hardware stores, laundries shoemak-
ers, doctors-in fact every conceivable phase of
merchandising, sefvicing and the trades and
professions-one and all profit by the big boat
ing trade.
The sum poured into trade channels through
the direct upkeep cost Of pleasure boats owned
and operated by Maryland residents alone Is
conservatively estimated at $500 year for each
owner. Coast Guard figures place the number Of
boats owned by Maryland residents at 12,603
(notorboats Is feet long and up), which makes
the grand total of s3,7So,o0o q year. To this
total must be added upkeep costs of house.
boats sailboats and smaller craft. Then there
is the terrific transient trade, since countless
out-of-State owners overhaul their craft in
Maryland yards.
With this tremendous source Of prosperity in
view, why is it that boat owners actually have
to fight to get the services and supplies they
need? No reference to crowded, understaffed
yacht yards is specifically intended. But what
about community merchants who are apathetic
toward the yachting demand and shirk at CIV
ing special service to boats and stocking boat
ing merchandise?
Can you explain why this condition exists?
Is it simply that Maryland businessmen can
not see beyond the ends of their noses?
HELEN PHELPS.
Evening star., 1948-06-11

Something new and intelligent is an
anti-Communist in Hungary resigning on
account OF rood health. - 2
Evening star., 1948-06-11
Questions and Answers

reader can ret the answer to any question Of
,sst yFns The Eyspns sa e
Evening star., 1948-06-11
Ash Cans Disapproved

70 the Editor Of The Star:
ASH Cans" does not appeal to this family rs
art. I am in favor of encouraging young people
in developing artistic talent, but when was an
ash can or 4 garbage can artistic?
A LONG TIME SUBSCRIBER.
Evening star., 1948-06-11

@. Are horses ever white at birth?-D. c. "
A. The Bureau of Animal Husbandry say
very few horses are pure white at birth. Mos
white horses are q dull gray when born.
Evening star., 1948-06-03

a 8 by IL foot model Of the ares
bounded by South Capitol street
Maine avenue. River drive and In.
dependence avenue S.W. 1t wa!
prepared jointly by students of JEFF
ferson Junior High School, Ran.
dali Junior High School and st
Dominic's and st: Vincent's Schools
The project portrayed new schools
churches. a new bridge, vast park
way, new dwellings and even new
busline on Delaware avenue.
Facilities Float on Clouds.
One of the most unusual models
prepared by the w. B. Patterson
Elementary School, shows needed
facilities floating on clouds. "T'hi:
may still be a dream, but some day
we hope this dream will come true,
a legend said.
The exhibit will be open to thu
public with no charge today from
$3.50 to pm. and tomorrow ane
Saturday from 2 to pm.
Just before the exhibit opens thi:
afternoon, judges will award prize.
for the most deserving models
Judges are Edmund r. Purves, di'
rector of Public and Professiona
Relations of the American Insti'
tute of Architects; Howard M
Mackey of the Howard Universit.
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Armory Show Depicts
School Pupils Ideas
|For Better Community

The washington of tomorrow-as
seen through the eyes of the citi-
zens of tomorrow-will go on display
at $50 pm. today at the National
Guard Armory as the city.s school
children present their ideas Of COM
munity improvement through mod
els, posters. maps and murals.
For the last six weeks, the chill
dren of l54 public and parochial
schools have been preparing their
entries for the mammoth three
day exhibit, sponsored by the City
Planning Committee of the Wash
ington Board of Trade.
Many of the pupils were on hand
at the armory's giant drill hall this
morning to put the finishing touches
on their projects.
6 by IL Foot Model.
The students for the most part
stressed the same needs their par
ents would have-more schools
more homes, better streets anc
recreation facilities. The third
grade pupils of Seaton School mod
eled an area near the school where
there would be detached homes
places for gardens, recreation areas
and even space where we can park
and shop
I'VE wish we had a community
like this" legend above the model
said simply.
One of the largest projects was
Evening star., 1948-06-03
GriswoId Returning as Chiei
OF Aid Mission 10 Greece
BY the Associated Press

The State Department announced
yesterday that Dwight F. Griswold
is returning to Greece and will re-
main there for several months as
chief of the American aid mission.
Michael McDermott, State De-
partment press officer, said Mr..
Griswold left Washington Tuesday.
State Department officials had
said all along he would return to
Greece following his appearance
here before congressional committees
concerned with Greek aid appropria-
tions. However, there had been no
prior announcement that he would
remain as aid mission chief for sew
eral months.
On the contrary, the Government
was understood to have been plan
ming to turn over to the new Am
bassador to Greece, Henry Grady
the dual tasks of diplomatic rep
resentation and direction of eco
nomic and military assistance.
1t was not made clear whether the
assignment of Mr.. Griswold for sew
eral months more in the Athens
post means any change in previous
tentative arrangements or simply
means that Mr.. Griswold will remain
while Mr. Grady takes over.
Evening star., 1948-06-03

School of Architecture, and Maj
Gen. U. S. Grant III. chairman OF
the National Capital Parks and
Planning Commission.
100 to Be Sent Overseas.
About 100 of the models will be
selected by the State Department
for shipment overseas, where they
will go on display as examples of
the thoughts of American school
children.
In the opening ceremony today at
3 80 pm, G. NJ Thornett, secretary
of the Board OF commissioners; Mrs.
Henry Grattan Doyle. president of
the Board of Education. and the
Rev. John S. Spence of the Cathe-
dral of st. Matthew the Apostle will
speak.
Commissioner Guy Mason will
head speakers at a ceremony at
o'clock tonight and other speakers
win appear on programs at pm.
tomorrow and Saturday. Hostesses
from the schools will be on hand to
guide visitors through the exhibit.
Evening star., 1948-06-03
clio Office Workers
Suspend 6 Locals 10
Stop Rightist Bolt
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK, June 3.-National
leaders of the left-wing CIO United
Office and Professional Workers of
America have suspended six locals
of industrial insurance agents in an
effort to nip what they call seces-
sion movement by right-wing ele~
ments.,
A right-wing union-the CIO
United Paperworkers of America
meanwhile has opened its doors to
$4,000 insurance agents represented
by the other organization.
To pave the way for accepting the
insurance agents, the general Execu-
tive Board of the paperWorkers
union, whose constitution forbids
the election or appointment of a
Communist to an official post, has
created a separate INSURANCE. di-
vision.
Paperworkers union spokesmen
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Three Boys Arrested
After 3-A|arm Blaze al
Unused Gales School

Three boys were being held by
police on arson and unlawful en-
try charges today, in connection
with a three-alarm fire late yes
terday in the unused Gales School.
The boys, 8, 9 and 10. were said
by police to have admitted setting
fire to window shades in the build
ing. They were arrested in the
vicinity by detectives assigned to
investigate after fiiremen had re-
ported evidence of arson.
A battalion chief was overcome
by smoke at the fire, which dam
aged two unfurnlshed classrooms.
Chief R. c. Rees of the seventh
battalion was the only reported cas-
ualty, being overcome at the height
of the blaze in the three-story brick
building, between G street and
Massachusetts avenue at First street
NV. He was taken to Emergency
Hospital by Fire Rescue Squad No. l
and admitted for observation.
Passerby Sounds Alarm.
Chief Rees. who called in the
second alarm, Immediately returned
to the fire, where he was overcome
and carried to the street by other
fremen.
OF undetermined origin, the blaze
started shortly before S pm, send
ing up flames and billows of smoke.
The flooring and ceiling of one
classroom and part of the second
suffered the only fire damage, how
ever. although water was responsi-
ole for additional damage elsewhere
in the building.
A passerby sounded the first
alarm at 4:56 pm, and the second
was received at fire headquarters at
4:58. The third alarm was called
in by Fire Chief Clement Murphy
at sos pm. In all total Of 10
pieces of apparatus responded.
The flames did not burn through
the roof. Aerial extension ladders
were placed along the sides of the
building to give firemen access to
the area of the blaze.
Traffic Interrupted.
Rush-hour automobile and street.
car traffic was slowed for nearly
three-quarters of an hour at the
busy intersection. and several hun
dred persons gathered at the scene.
Police Supt. Barrett, who was pres
ent, summoned all available motor
cycle men and scout cars to regulate
the flow of traffic and keep order.
Gales School was built about IA
years ago but was closed by the
Board of Education on March II,
1914 1t then became lodging for
servicemen.
A. G. Hutson, director of con-
struction for the District, said funds
had been authorized recently for the
Health Department to convert the
building into health center but
that remodeling work had not yet
started.
The main Offices of the school
systems medical service. child well
fare clinics and pharmacy units
we're to use the structure, according
to plans.
Police said many Of the windows
in the building had been shattered,
although it had been kept locked
since its use as a servicemen's center
They attributed the damage to chill
dren tossing rocks through the glass.
Evening star., 1948-06-03

l42,503,43C
136,207,405
136,498,
8,505,33
Evening star., 1948-06-03

contend they are not raiding the
Office workers union, but are merely
giving haven to members who want
to get out. They said it is planped
to create a new union when the
separate divisions membership
grows.
Office workers locals whose char
ters were suspended are in Hart
ford, New Haven, New Britain and
Stamford, Conn; Lynn, Mass, and
st. Louis, Mo. The Metropolitan,
John Hancock and Prudential Life
Insurance Companies employ many
of the members.
The Office workers leaders, who
have refused to sign anti-Com-
munist affidavits, said the total
membership of the six suspended
unions was ISIS. Secession lead
ers contend they have following
in go Office workers locals in more
than 38 States.
John Stanley, secretary treasurer
of the left-wing union, charged that
the secession movement was man
agement inspired" He said meet
ing between top CIO officials and
spokesmen for the two unions has
been arranged in Washington.
Evening star., 1948-06-03

IB4S.
s300,050,588
251,136,377
308,815,679
22,440,133
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Russian Envoy Leaves
|New York for Moscow
BY the Associoted Press

NEW YORK, June 3.-Alexander
Panyushkin, Soviet Ambassador
left by plane for Moscow yesterday,
saying he was going to discuss lend
lease questions with Foreign Min
lister Molotov.
Mr.. Panyushkin said the talks
would include the matter of the
return of the American ships
loaned to Russia during the war.
Commenting on American-Rus-
sian peace prospects, he said. I'VE
not only bellRe but we do and Will
do everything possible to maintain
peace."
Evening star., 1948-06-03

1913.
2,176,905
2,227,52s
2,081,176
2,085,761
Evening star., 1948-06-03
District Business Burometers

activity Washington March moved forward
leading barometers indicated
Bank ceangs aime April record and the number of e
high daily calls
the highest point this
index department 1s47
eighth
and electricity sales substantially
following
comparisons:
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Woyne Grover Confirmed

The Senate last night confirmed by
voice vote the nomination Of Wayne
C. Grover Of Utah to be archivist
of the United States, succeeding
Solon j. Buck.
Evening star., 1948-06-03

Magnificent views of four States
Idaho, Utah, wyoming and Mon
tana can be seen from Mount Borah
the highest point in Idaho.