davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-07-11

Balkans fall under Russian con-
troll. At the Berlin Congress Of
1878, compromise settlement left
Turkey a Balkan foothold to offset
the new Christian Balkan states
which had arisen. The upshot was
an uneasy balance of power In
which these raw new nations be-
came mutual rivals, exploited BY the
intrigues of the European great
powers. The Balkans thus became
more than ever a source of chronic
trouble which did much to bring on
World War I. Indeed by Destroy
ing the dynastic empire Of Austria
Hungary, this war "Balkani2edr
most OF Central Europe, enlarging
some of the original Balkan states
without ending the rivalries be-
tween them. Then, generation
later, IN World War II. Nah Ger
many briefly conquered the Bal.
kans, only to be ousted by Soviet
Russia, which brought into the
peninsula not merely its arms but
also the Communist revolution.
Hard to Swallow
What Moscow has been doing,
these past three years, is an attempts
to impose its Communist pattern
on the Balkan peoples, with the ul-
innate aim of swallowing them up
in the Russian Soviet Empire. But
the Balkan peoples have been as in
stinctively refractory to this new
domination as they have been to
previous conquerors. To begin with.
communism Is unsuited to these
communities Of small landowning
peasants, fiercely nationalistic and
with almost none of that industrial
"proletariat" which is the basis Of
society as conceived by Marx and
Lenin. Most Of the Balkans is mo-
mentarily helpless under the weight
of Russian military occupation. But
one Balkan country liberated itself
from the Germans without direct
Russian military aid. This is Yugo-
slavia. And it is highly signifi-
cant that Marshal Tito, the Yugo-
slav ruler, though himself Com
munist, has thought In terms Of the
national interest and has envisaged
the idea Of a Balkan federation
which would logically avert the pc
ninsula's absorption into the Soviet
Union even though closely allied to
1t for common ends. 1t is these
policies which have brought down
upon him the condemnation OF the
Moscow dominated Comintern. And
1t likewise those policies which have
brought down upon him the con-
demnation of the Moscow -domi-
mated CQnintern. And 1t Is likewise
those policies which have aroused
the support Of his own people. even
though many If not most of them
have opposed, his Communist pro-
gram.
: From the above summary Of the
Balkan past the general pattern
Of Balkan thought and feeling can
be discerned. It sets In due per-
spective the events of the present,
and suggests the difficulties at
tendant on any attempted settle
ment which goes against ingrained
sentiment and tradition.
Evening star., 1948-07-11

graphs represent only one item on
the expeditions extensive program,
but success would be a major &C
complishment, for the only colored
pictures of marine life to date have
been taken at very shallow depths.
The expedition also will work OH
mapping the rugged sunken noun
tain chain which is one of the
worlds last geographic frontiers and
marine biologists hope to bring up
specimens of the creatures that
populate the dark and gloomy ex-
panses at the oceans bottom.
To get clues to still unknown
phases of the worlds geological his
tory, the scientists will take cores"
of the sediment deposited along the
steep fianks and in thes unexplored
canyons Of the sunken range.
Odds are heavy against the expe-
dition's plans for filming some of
the secrets Of the world at the sea- s
bottom, but scientists now feel they
Evening star., 1948-07-11

Our ever curious scientists are
about to pry loose some more of ma
lures deepest secrets. This time
the goal is a candid camera color
study of ocean life 2 miles or more
below the surging billows of the At
lantic Ocean.
Next Thursday a scientific ex-
pedition will sail from Woods Hole,
Mass, on the research ship Atlantis
to record the mysteries of the Mid
Atlantic Ridge, the S-shaped under
water mountain range which
stretches from Iceland almost to the
Antarctic.
Headed by DR.. Maurice Ewing,
noted geologist and oceanographer
the expedition is being sponsored
jointly by the National Geographic
Society, the Woods Hole Oceano-
graphic Institution and Columbia
University, where DR.. Ewing Is a
professor of geology.
Plans to get deep-sea color photo
Evening star., 1948-07-11
Science Goes Poking in the Ocean
Color Pictures Two Miles Down IN Auan"
Hopinp the Fish

have perfected equipment which
gives them a good chance OF success
In the coming months they hope
TO be able to get color pictures OF
marine life 2 miles or more down
and black-and-white pictures at
even greater depths. The expedi-
ton will use q special camera rig
developed by Dr.. Ewing and his
associates. The camera is inclosed
in a watertight metal housing and
extra powerful flashlight bulbs will
be tried this year to provide the
necessary illumination at the eerie
depths.
One difficulty in shooting deep
sea pictures is that the photogra-
pher must shoot blind, literally, FOL
when he trips his shutter mech
anism, he has no assurance that
any marine life is in the path OF
his camera lens.
The expeditions photographers
plan to experiment this year with
a variety of lures to coax fish and
other ocean creatures. into camera
range before the shutters are
tripped. The water is extremely
clear at great depths, and pictures
require only a slightly longer ex-
posure than in daylight on the sur
face.
Candid camera photos OF deep
sea life, whether in black-and white
or color, are rated extremely high
by scientists, for they can show
ocean creatures In their normal con-
dition, unimpaired by the changes
Of pressure. temperature. etc., which
occur when they are brought to the
surface for study.
In addition to the attempts for
Photographic records, however, ma
rine biologists plan extensive travl-
ing operations to trap specimens Of
the life which exists In the lower
reaches Of the sea.
Evening star., 1948-07-11
Lincoln
Continued From Page CID

Wyoming. a stanch supporter of
the President. Those who would
turn to the East for a running mate
are reviving the talk about Averell
Hartman, former Secretary of Com
merce and at present this country's
roaming Ambassador who looks after
the interests Of the European Re-
covery Program. Indiana is putting
forward former Senator Sam jack
son. Maryland has Endorsed Senator
Tydings for the nomination. The
border States have Senator Barkley
Of Kentucky and the Southwest.
Sam Rayburn of Texas, minority
leader of the House.
The party platform, If efforts Of
the harmony-at-any-price circle are
successful, will appease the South.
The question Is, however, whether
President Truman and the Demo-
Gratis from such States as Illinois,
New York and Pennsylvania will 20
along with that kind of appease-
ment Mr.. Truman has taken such
a Strong stand on civil rights 1t will
be difficult to shift without losing,
as we'll as winning.
The first Democratic National Con-
vention, In 1882. was summoned not
to nominate President but q Vice
President to run with President An
drew Jackson, who dominated the
convention. His choice was Martin
Van Buren of New York, who was
nominated. It was at this conven-
tion the two-thirds rule for non1i-
mating candidates came into being
also with Jackson's influence back
Of 1t. This rule held until 1896, when
a majority rule was adopted.
Party Control Question
II, as now looks probable, q Tru-
man nomination is assured, the
coming conventions chief Job win
also be the nomination Of o vice
candidate, after writing
q platform. 1t was 50 Of the 1910
and 1914 Democratic conventions.
There is a prize for which the
various factions Of the Democratic
Party are angling outside Of the
presidential nomination-control Of
the party organization after the
election next fall. II It Is granted
As many Democrats do-that Mr.,
Truman cannot win the election, IT
win be important to have control of
.he organization which viii handls
party affairs and have something to
DO with policy. and the selection OF
In 1852. The old Roose-
velt New Dealers-now for the most
part out Of ofiice-would like greatly
10 take this out Of the hands of the
Truman supporters. Mr.. Truman, IL
1e Is defeated, will have the courtesy
title Of head Of the party The prob
abilities, however, are that he would
.ade out Of the picture rapidly.
Evening star., 1948-07-11
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. c.
SUNDAY July H. ls4a.
Balkans Never Wear
AConqueror's YokeLong
The Natives Fiercely Cherish Independence,
Rebel Against Foreign Rule and Even
Fight Together for Freedom
By lothrop toddord

why did stand to the Russiaun Comniormi
do back Tto Why did
lite little break with its local boss in favor
big Joseph sa And why is Bulgaria apparently trying
sit on the fence Belgrade and Moscow
susceptible of separate explanations
Evening star., 1948-07-11
Soviet's European Policy
Linked With Asiatic Plan
Observers Feel That Trouble in West Is Mere
Hoodwink for Scheme to Establish
Powerful Eastern Civilization
By Constantine Brown

policies military
deception" minded
continent and from doing anything
q particularly the
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Miami Victory Lifts
MiddIecoff's Stock
By the Assoeioted Press

! MIAMI, Fla, Mar. 10.-Cary Mid.
diecof, "a 24-year-old dentist .ei
Memphis, Tenn, and 38-year -old
Jim Ferrier of San Francisco, a vet
eran Of the. fairways and holder OF
the PEA title, are the new cham
pions of the Miami International
Four-Ball Golf Tournament.
The two clinched the victory up
on the 36th hole yesterday from Ed
Furgol of Pontiac, Mich, and Ellis
worth Vines of Los Angeles.
Middlecoff further established him
self as one of the coming young
professionals of the Nation.
He sank a 12O-yard nine-iron shot
from the rough on the 410-yard
21st for an eagle to put his team
up at that point. A few minutes
later the match was squared, thanks
to an eagle by Vines on the 500-yard
23d. Vines drove the green in two
and holed 30-foot putt.
Furgol and Vines evened the match
on the 35th after Middlecof Fer
rier had held a 1-up lead since the
10Th. On the seth, however, both
Vines and Furgol went one over as
Ferrier sank an 18-inch putt to 20
down in par four.
Ferrier and Middlecof each picked
up checks for $3.50. The runners
up received $3.50 apiece.
Evening star., 1948-03-10
defeat of NJ. Y. u.
By City College

BY the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Mar. 10.-Those
basket ball experts who picked New
York U. as favorite in the National
Invitation Tournament are wonder
ing whether to change their minds
before the tourney opens tomorrow
The Violets, seeded second behind
Western Kentucky, were upset last
night by C. c. N. Y, 60-57. c. c.
N. Y. was ignored by the Tourney
Committee and took it out on N. Y
U. last night before a crowd Of over
$4,000 at Madison Square Garden
The defeat was only the second on
the Violets' record. which was spot
less until they lost to Notre Dame
a week ago. They've won 20 games
The Violets were handicapped by
the absence of Don Forman, their
set-shot artist, whose back is
injured.
The tourney opens tomorrow
night with Western Kentucky play
ing La Sale. followed by St. Loui:
against Bowling Green. Other first
round games are on Saturday, N. Y
U. against Texas and North Carolina
State against De Paul.
Evening star., 1948-03-10

But with only six games to 60 and
the schedule against them, their
outlook is drab.
st. Louis and Chicago are tied for
the top in Western Division, each
with Is wins and 16 losses. Both
won last night, the Bombers by 75-
SO over Providence, and the Stays
by 1919 over Philadelphia. Balti-
more's Bullets are third with 25-l9
then come the Caps with 23-19. And
the Caps record is that good only
because of their exceptional home
play. At Uline's they have won 16
and lost 4.
On the road, they have won only
7 of % engagements.
The Caps have six more games
including tonight's and the tilt with
St. Louis here Saturday.
The windup slate for the Western
Division:
WasLinston: Home-chieago tonishtl
St Louis (Saturdayl: Providence tMarcf
beston NsS M.1eh aak 1s ''fs satnoi. H 1Sss SsScl
Chicago; Home.New. York tsaturday)
Boston lMarsh 1sl; St. Louis March
ST. Louis: Home-New York fMarch
Ys9 fnnaS} GhissEG sFsh 2
Baltimere: Home-Chicaso ttomorrow)
Maaes u.s. msreh
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Around the Grapefruit Circuit
Reds Hoping Souer, Nuszewski
Will Give Long-Missing Punch

mended perfectly. Taylor, who had
arm trouble last year. warmed up
for the first time this spring and
said his arm didn't hurt.
PHOENIX, Ariz.-Ken Trinkle
star New York Giant relief pitcher
is the lone unsigned member of the
team. He became the last Giant
holdout when Shortstop Buddy Kerr
agreed to terms yesterday.
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla.-Johnny
Lindell, who became the New York
Yankees regular left fielder when
Charley Keller was injured last
year, is not resting on his laurels
The hero of the Yanks' World Series
triumph collected three hits and
drove home four runs as the Yanks
won their first exhibition game OF
the season, 8-6, from Detroit yester-
day.
WEST PALM BEACH, Fla.-The
Philadelphia Athletics claim they
have installed a set of foolproof
battery signals. Even If the oppo-
sition understands the system, they
can't be stolen, the AS say. The
system was used yesterday as the
second string whipped the varsity
2.1
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Gambling Scandal May Grow, Hockey Head Hints
Probe Might Require
Months,' Is Statement
of League Prexy

Possibility that further disclosures
might come to light in the National
Hockey League gambling scandal
was seen today as Clarence Camp
bell, MIL president, headed back
to Montreal from Detroit to continue
his investigation.
While he didn't say he had any
indication OF new developments
Campbell asserted before he left
Detroit that his continued inquiry
might require months" according
to the Associated Press.
Two Players OF Payrolls.
Meanwhile, Billy Taylor and Don
Gallinger were of professional
hockey payrolls. Campbell, reveal
ing results of his investigation to
Michigan Gov. Kim Sigler at
Lansing, Mich, yesterday, expelled
Taylor Of the New York Rangers
from the league and announced in
definite suspension Of the Boston
Bruins Gallinger pending further
inquiries.
The 23-year-old Boston player
protesting his innocence on bet
placing charges to newsmen, imme-
diately mailed an appeal to the
MIL president.
Taylor, 20, is "out of organized
hockey with no right of appeal, Z"
league officials said.
Campbell conferred in Detroit
yesterday with Detroit Police Com
missioner Harry S. Toy, who first
furnished information connecting
Gambler James Tanner, convicted
bank robber, with the two players.
Campbell declared yesterday that
Taylor authorized Tanner to place
for him bet of $500" on e game
between Boston and the Chicago
Blackhawks. The bet was on Chi
cago, Campbell said, but Boston
won the contest, 4 to 2.
Charges against Gallinger were
less specific, and Campbell said he
was suspended pending further in
vestigation of his associations with
James Tanner"
There will be no appeal of Tay-
lor's expulsion, Gen. John Reed
Fitzpatrick, president of Madison
Square Garden and owner of the
Rangers, said in New York.
Shocked" Says Fitzpatrick.
eve are naturally shocked" he
said, but we are confident that
Campbell would not have taken this
drastic action without a thorough
and unbiased investigation, and we
have no intentions of appealing"
Taylor admitted he knew some
persons in gambling, but insisted, II
have never been asked to bet on the
outcome of a game" Gallinger de-
clared he had never bet on q
hockey game"
Gov. Sigler assured Campbell the
law enforcement agencies of Mich
igan would be available "to help you
clean up this mess"
Taylor's home is Oshawa, Ontario,
and Gallinger is a native of Port
Colborne, Ontario.
Evening star., 1948-03-10
BeIttIes Hitting Record
Homers Dime q Dozen Where
He Came From, Says Nat Rock

Dean Stafford from Greenville of
the Big State League, is a chunky,
toothy 203-pounder who was a first
lieutenant with the 7th Air Force
at Kwajalein and Guam. A B-24
navigator, he had 40 missions and
spent 80 months in the Army.
A product of East High in Cleve-
land, the 25-year-old Stafford was
a truck driver for two years before
entering the service. He started his
career in organized baseball with
Houston in the Texas League in
1916 but before the season was out
ne was playing for Lufkin in the
East Texas League. Last year he
whacked out fancy .378 average in
the Big State League.
Both are discoveries of Joe Cam
bria and the Mats bosses still don't
know If he has imported a pair of
lemons or prospective major
leaguers. They'll get around to
learning when the pitchers start fir-
ing with more zest.
If Stafford and Drake fail to make
the grade the Mats of necessity will
be stripped to Gil Coan, Leon Cul-
berson, Tom Mcbride, Sherry
Robertson and Earl Wooten as out
f1elders. None ever has played reg
ularly with any major league club.
The Mats will enter the 1948 cam
paign with an entirely new outfield,
what with George Case and Buddy
Lewis quitting baseball and Stan
Spence and Joe Grace being dis
patched to the Boston Red Sox and
Pittsburgh Pirates. respectively.
At the moment, but subject to
change, Kuhel plans an outfield of
Coan in left, Culberson in center
and Robertson in right. Coan batted
$40 in the Southern Association,
while Culberson was .238 hitter
with the Red Sox and Robertson
batted .233 with the Mats.
The Mats went through their PAGES
for television and newsreel camera
men yesterday, but in separate ses-
sions. =. The television men were
union and the newsreel men re-
FUSED to work on the field with them
at the same time. Rain delayed
practice until afternoon.
Charley Horse Hits Thompson.
Pitcher Forrest Thompson is the
victim of the Mats first charley
horse. D.. The Mats were to play an
iEtra-squad game today and will
leave tomorrow for West Palm Beach
and a three-game series with the
Philadelphia Athletics. Fridays
opener has been switched from a
night to day game.
The Mats virtually are certain to
deal for a catcher. AL Evans is
Washington's only catcher with
major league experience and it
rapidly is becomming apparent that
an injury to him would be disastrous.
Al Kozar participated in fielding
practice for the first time yesterday
and sparkled around second base.
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Basket Mark Seen
| As 61A-Foot Heove
| DeodIocks Game
BY the Assoeiofed Press

PROVIDENCE, r. l., Mar. 10.
Earl Shannon's 61A-foot
basket scored for the Providence
Steamrollers against the st.
Louis Bombers may be a record.
That was the actual distance
measurement taken after Shan
mons desperate one-handed toss
tied the score at 1892 at the
half of last nights Basket Ball
Association of America game.
1t topped the 58-footer made by
Ernie Calverley, a teammate of
Shannon, while playing with
Rhode Island State in the 1946
Madison Square Garden tour
ney.
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Somperton and Amotio
Co-PiIot G. u. on Grid

A District athlete, Jack Samper-
ton, former all-high end at Central
will co-captain Catholic University
football team next autumn. The
Cards first action upon tourning
out for spring practice was to elect
Samperton and Guard Harry Amatio
of Springfield, Pa, co-captains.
With more than so men drilling
and with years experience behind
them, Coach Gene Augusterfer
hopes to better last years 500
record on the gridiron next season
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Levin and Rhode Renew
RassIinq Feud Tonight

A new attendance record for
wrestling this season is expected at
Turner's Arena tonight when Dave
Levin, one time mat ruler, and
Dutch Rhode of Camden, N. j.,
clash in a feature 1-hour attrac-
ton.
Levin will headline the show for
the seventh straight week. He has
had two previous bouts here this
season with Rhode, having lost the
first, when Rhode resorted to an old
"back-slapping" ruse. The return
engagement wound up in a stale
mate, with both wrestlers scuffling
outside the ropes.
Levin asked for a referee other
than Claudio Villar, but the Turner
management is expected to use the
big Spaniard as a third man again
tonight.
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Materials Released
For Harness Track
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

BALTIMORE, Mar. 10.-Pros-
poets for harness racing with
pari-mutual betting in Maryland
next summer were frightened con-
siderably today when a spokes-
man for the Laurel track an
nounced the Government had
released materials for building.
Lawrence Sheppard, chairman
of the Laurel Board of Directors,
said in New York construction
would begin at once and plans
carried out for a meeting start
ing June 81. Laurel was given
20 nights of racing ending July 10.
The track is to be built on the
old Ross Farm. halfway between
Baltimore and Washington.
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Around the Grapefruit Circuit
BY the Associaied Press

TAMPA, Fla, Mar. 10-Manager
Johnny Neun of the Cincinnati
Reds hopes the Rockies Hank Sauer
and Ted Kluszewski will supply the
extra-base punch that has been
missing from the Reds attack for
so long.
Both boast excellent minor league
records as sluggers and the two
have highlighted the Reds drills
with their punch.
Yesterday, each clubbed homer
as the Reds downed the Phlladel-
phia PhillieS, 1873, in the Reds first
exhibition game of the season.
Kluszewski, who led the South
Atlantic League and the Southern
Association in batting in 1916 and
1947, respectively, dubbed Dutch
Leonard for a 3-run homer in the
first inning.
The 23-year- -old Kluszewski hit
for 232 total bases while betting
Southern Association pitching at a
.377 clip for Memphis last year. The
lanky first sacker is a southpaw all
the way.
Sauer. Notwithstanding out
fielder, has been up with the Reds
before. He banged so homers while
hitting 1886 for Syracuse of the In
ternational League last year. The
big f1yhawk drove a pitch over the
left-feld wall in the fourth to high
light a 5-run uprising that cliuched
the game for the Reds.
TUCSON, Ariz.-The Cleveland
Indians will hold their last workout
here today before embarking on an
18-day tour of the West Coast.
Some players will remain Three of
them-Pat Seerey, Walt Judnich
and Jim Hogan will be left in care
of Hank Greenberg, who is giving
them hitting hints.
BRADENTON, Fla.-The Boston
Braves open their Grapefruit League
campaign today against the Gin
cinnati Reds. Manager Billy South
worth has nominated Pitchers Jim
Prendergast, AL Lyons and Clyde
Shoun for mound duty.
SARASOTA, Fla.-Boston Red
Sox Infielder Johnny Pesky says
he will be a better third baseman
than he ever was a shortstop-
no easy task for a player named
to the American League An-Star
team in two of his three major
league seasons. Vern Stephens will
play shortstop.
CIUDAD TRUJILLO, Dominican
Republic.-Manager Leo Durocher
of the Brooklyn Dodgers is happy
over the performances of Ray
Sanders and Harry Taylor.
Sanders, recently obtained from
the Boston Braves, worked out at
first base yesterday and apparently
his left arm, fractured in 1916, has
Evening star., 1948-03-10
Stags TussIe Tonight
Gives Caps Slim Hope
OF P|ayoff Berth
By Bill Fuchs

Tonight the Caps take on the
Chicago Stays at Uline Arena at
8:45 with season records favoring
the home club, but victory would
not 60 far toward bolstering the
Caps hopes of landing a spot in the
Basket Ball Association of America
playoffs.
For the Caps are in fourth place
in the four-team Western Division
OF the league and only the first
three teams will qualify for the post
season activity.
Two overtime engagements-seem-
ingly Insignificant in a 48-game
scheoule-have just about put the
Caps out of the running Had they
won their last two games-with the
Stays and the New York Knicker-
bockers-the Caps would have had
fair chance at the playoff melon.