davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-02-15

natural wealth, but also key point
in commerce and naval strategy
lying as it does on the north shore
of a major sea lane of world COM
merce-the Strait of Malacca. At
Malaya's very tip is it's economic
heart-the famed port-metropolis of
Singapore.
Rafles Started Britain Off
The rise of British power in Malaga
is an imperial epic. From time
immemorial, the Strait of Malacca,
controlling as it does the trade be-
tween the Middle and Far East, has
been a golden prize. The Portu-
guese, first Europeans in those
waters, grasped 1T firmly, building
fortress by the same name. Later,
they were dislodged by the Dutch,
who welded it into their East In
dian Empire. controlling as they
did both sides of the strait with their
conquest of the big island of
Sumatra.
The British found their opening
into Malaga toward the close of the
18th century, when Holland, having
been overrun by the French, became
part of the Napoleonic empire and
was thus automatically involved
against Britain in the titanic Anglo
French struggle that ensued. 1t was
at this crucial juncture that young
Englishman only 10 years old,
named Stamford Raffles, went out
to the East as a junior clerk in the
services of the British East India
Co. The company had recently
acquired a tentative foothold in the
Malacca region by. buying from a
local Malay ruler the small island of
Penang, The young clerk promptly
conceived the idea of adding the
Dutch East Indian empire to Brit
aims farfiung dominion. So per-
suasive were his urgings and so
Evening star., 1948-02-15

emily wrought profound changes In
it's racial as we'll as economic situ-
alton. The Malay is by nature an
adventurer, seafarer and fighter,
but he does not take kindly to
steady labor. Neither is he a good
businessman. So the mines and
plantations came to be worked by
Chinese and Indian coolies, brought
in wholesale as indentured laborers,
while other Chinese and Indians
monopolized the retail trade. So 1t
has come to pass that, in many
parts of Malaga, Chinese and In
dian immigrants actually outnum-
ber the native Malays, besides oc-
|cupying a higher economic status.
The disparity is greatest in Singa-
pore itself, where the Malays form
one-tenth of the inhabitants, three
fourths of the population being
Chinese. At the apex of this poly
glot human pyramid stands, OF
course, the Englishman,. the "Tuan,'
who enjoys immeasurable prestige
and disposes of ultimate political
and economic power.
At least, he thus stood unchal-
lenged until certain day in 1912
only a few months after Pearl Har-
Dor, when a picked japanese Army
infltrated through the Malayan
jungles and captured reputedly in
yincible Singapore. Thereafter they
ruled the roost, alternating every one
by their brutality and rapacity un-
til Japan itself collapsed and the
British returned. They returned
but with sad loss of that precious
attribute, prestige-what the Chi
nese aptly call face"
The returning British found
things in a terrible mess.
Under the older order matters
had run smoothly. Singapore it
See STODDARD. Page C.2)
Evening star., 1948-02-15
BY Lothrop Stoddord

The newly formed Federation of
Malaga is the latest in a series of
developments which strikingly attest
the historic British talent for the
handling of distant and alien
peoples.
| Unable longer to shoulder the
complex burdens of colonial rule
over a vast empire in Asia, Britain
is methodically diversting itself of
direct control while retaining most
of its economic and strategic ad-
vantages with the willing assent of
the various peoples concerned.
To the student Of politics. the
transformation of Britain's Asiatic
empire is an increasingly fascinating
exhibition of mingled astuteness and
enlightened craftsmanship. The
most interesting aspect of this essen
TALLY evolutionary process is that it
follows no fixed pattern, but con-
forms in each Instance with the
circumstances of the case. e.
Wealthy and Strategic
Only Burma has as yet demanded
full independence, which was in
stantly granted, with consequent
friendly cooperation on both sides.
India, because of its internal divi-
sions, prefers to remain Professionally
two dominions within the British
Commonwealth of Nations. Ceylon
attains full self-government though
retaining commonwealth ties. And
now a fourth variant appears with
Malaga, where there is minimum
of change from the former imperial
connection.
Malaga Is the pear-shaped bulge
at the tip of the immense peninsula
of Southeast Asia which thrusts far
southwark between India and China.
It Is not only a region Of great
Evening star., 1948-02-15

Lord Beaverbrook powerful press
has called on Bevin gratefully to
decline" American Marshall aid be-
cause this would involve exposure
of the colonial empire and common
wealth to "high-pressure United
States economic penetration"
High lighting Mr.. Bevin's policies
in the Middle East has been the
U. N. decision to create Independent
Jewish and Arab states in parti-
toned Palestine, ending a 25-year-
old mandate.
Here, too, traditional British poll
icy, which Mr.. Bevin elected to in
herit from the Conservatives, suf-
fered fall. Because, in his own
words, his personal reputation was
at stake, Mr.. Bevin's pride suffered
bitter blow.
Labor's election victory in 1945
brought to office such longtime
supporters of zionisrn and Jewish
Palestine as Prime Minister Attlee,
Deputy Prime Minister Herbert
Morrison, Colonial Secretary, Arthur
Evening star., 1948-02-15
By Arthur |. C5oyshon

LONDON. - Homespun, unin.
hibited Foreign Secretary Ernest
! Bevin, seeking solvent peace, has
led war-bruised Britain over left
wing barricades into step with the
United States in global diplomatic
march against communism.
This has surprised his Conserva-
tive opponents more than his fol-
lowers in the Labor Party.
Two threads which together have
patterned the design of life in post
war Britain wind constantly through
the tapestries of Bevin's policies ir
the hot spots of the world.
Wanted $3.50 Partnership
First has been the country's
blitzed economy which seriously
posed the question whether Britain
was finished as a world power.
Second was the government s
repeatedly expressed suspicion OF
Russia's role in the worlds tension
areas.
When the United States Congress
authorized President Truman last
March to take over British respon-
sibilities in Greece and Turkey, a
basic phase of Bevin's policies in
Europe collapsed. Foreign ONCE ex-
perts frankly admit that the Bevin
line had developed naturally from
the Churchillian wartime concept of
an Anglo-American entente.
Mr.. Bevin was anxious to maintain
the $3.50 partnership, with the
United States assuming great new
obligations in the Pacific and
Britain retaining first responsibility
for the Atlantic, West and Mediter-
ranean Europe and the Middle East
|Lend-lease was to be replaced by
the American loan to bridge the gap
between We day and solvency
based on restored multilateral world
trade.
Some OF Bevln'S critics from the
first opposed the status he had
chosen for Britain.
Yielded to Pressure
r. H. S. Crossman, leader of q
parliamentary group which urged
the government to keep left, argued
, constantly in the Commons that
the country could not carry the
commitments allotted to it on the
basis of 9 two-bloc world. He con-
tended that, with France and other
West European countries, Britain
should stay out of the middle in
any Russian-American theological
war; that she should develop q con-
tinental policy aiming at creation
Evening star., 1948-02-15

4. Joint planning
and development
of national indus
tries.
S. Creation of a
permanent body to
allocate any aid
eceived under the
Iarshall P la n,
With agreement to
reject theological
or political condi-
tions which may
be attached to
such help.
Mr.. Bevin has
accepted some of
5heir ideas and in
some Of their rec
concentrations the
group has found
support a m o n g
certain non left
wing forces.
54
Evening star., 1948-02-15

wingers have urged this tentative
line of action:
/. Formation of a regional defense
alliance under the U. N. Charter and
refusal to accept any military COM
mitments to powers outside their
West European group.
2. Pooling of their atomic re-
Search
3. Joint planning and develop
nent of colonial resources.
Evening star., 1948-02-15

of an independent and united Eu-
rope.
For more than two years Mr..
Bevin battled tosmaintain the role
he had chosen to accept. But par
liamentary pressure, born of the
country's grave economic situation
and the rate at which the dollar
loan dwindled, compelled him to
cut his losses and frankly inform
the United States he could nc
Evening star., 1948-02-15
Drastic Steps Necessary
To Insure i. N. Survival
World Organization Has Gone Down Hill
in Past Year and Threatens to Expire
Unless Cure Is Found Soon
By Constantine Brown

The Nations than three amid the
byand the impassioned speeches
politicians throughout the world, is sick and dying =
In fact the could be achieved by the self
shorter life In the United
Nations The Geneva organization lasted
Evening star., 1948-02-15

longer carry on in
Greece and Tur-
key. p
Top-level Brit
ish foreign-p policy
planners say the
Truman doctrine
and the Marshall
Plan both were
the direct results
of the vacuum
caused by the COL
lapse of British
policy in the Bal
kans, and of her
transparent ina
bility to contribute
to the economic
stabilization of the
rest of Europe.
After last March
the British, faced
with the realities
ol LIE SlganClC
Russian = Ameri-
can power struggle,
foreign policy on
these alternatives:
l. Join Russia a
States.
2. Join the Unit
Russia.
8. Or, in partnt
countries In the
seek to remain ind
ft-Wingers' ]
Mr.. Bevin has
bination of the la
taken the lead, a
ton, to organize
bloc tied to the
There has been
sure from his lef
on the grounds Il
States and Russ
to war, Britain v
an unsuitable al
lean bombeFs. Ma
are just as firmly
ain moving into
Almost all of tn
Evening star., 1948-02-15
Britain Welcomes DPS
While Congress Debates
Gates Are Open to 100000 Refugees; Canada
Joins Westward Ho' Plan, While
y. S. Still Curbs Emigration
By EdwoTd A. Harris

In bold contrast to the equivocaion naon
with the problem of European refugees
the immigration displaced persons
mutually results for the economy
While hemmed
admit 100000 refugees period years.
Evening star., 1948-02-15


e. h L.
Evening star., 1948-02-15

(See HARRIS, Page C-50
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14
Anew Taste Thrill from an Old Recipe

included for flavor and lasting freshness So
bread baking method scientific and discovered
that oldahioned flavor plus lasting
switching Cud Bread Tastes like the bread that
bake fresh days longer Try loaf today
Enjoy thrill enjoyed when Grandma used bake
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14

kallspell, were visitors at the Jos
Cada home Tuesday.
The scouts are having a picnic
Sunday as their final pack meet.
ing.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sam Nelson Mar
tin City, were in town one day
last week announcing the open
ing of their dry cleaning estab-
lishment. Lees lunch has an az
ency with three days service.
James NeoI went to Malta 10 Ct
week to bring his wife and family
back here.
Mr.. and Mrs. Emil Meller and
FAMILY were dinner guests Moth
ers Day at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. Clifford Robinson.
Mrs. Nick johnson is bac,,
from her trip to WASHINGTON
Ralph Fisher, Mrs. Florence
Chase, Mrs. Frank Kasper and
Earl Walker drove back to North
Dakota Saturday.
Mrs. Rex Worrall has been vi
sitting in California the past week
enjoying real summer weather
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14
Columbia Heights
By Joan Brelv

Mr.. and Mrs. Jim Marley drove
over the mountains from Fort
Benton last Wednesday and stop
PED to say hello" to friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Christoff, Coram,
were visitors at Joe Cada's Sun
day.
Mothers Day guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. Homer Carter were Mr.. and
Mrs. Hubert Carter, North Fork.
The Commercial club of Col
umbia Heights had their meeting
Monday at Rex's.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Steele,
Occur d'Alene, visited his par
ents last weekend.
G. A. Johnson spent a few days
last week in st. Maries, Idaho
Mr.. and Mrs. Danny Paolini,
Whitefish, visited at Joe Cada's
Friday evening.
The streets are being bladed in
the Heights now. 1t has been re-
ported they look like landing strips
Rex Worrall has been surveying
some lots.
Mr.. and Mrs. Have Smeltzer,
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14

on returning to school that after.
noon so he wouldn't be absent
To bad, Wallace.
Donald Jackson, Los Anoe1es
returned to Apgar last FRIDAY
with his family and is living in
one OF the Blair cottages. He is
oulldlng home on one of tho
blair cottage sites" lots as soon
as he can get the materials mr.
chased and hauled.
When Mrs. Gudger left for
Washington D. C. last fall she 1oft
ner two cats with the Dwight
Grlst family. She has returned and
now has the cats with her at her
summer home on Lake Mcdonald
we ask her for the history of
Mats" who is a much travelled
cat and this is what she wrote nc
A tiny little white kitty rode
from Wash. where she was born
TO Norfork in the pocket of the
Irelght OF a naval air TRANSPORT
plane. She was a Valentine eiIt
TO my daughter from her husband
and they decided to call her Mars
because those are the letters nv
which Naval Air Transport service
is known--N.A.T.S. She lived j.,
Norfork until June when she flew
from Norfork to Minneapolis with
my daughter. There she had a few
days in a hotel room. I had brou-
ght there nine weeks old puppv
and from Minneapolis to Lake Nc
Donald Mats and the puppy be-
came very good friends as we
drove along in the car. In Sept /
she went with my daughter to
New York. Then Mats went to vi
sit with a friend at the Military
Academy at West Point. At
Christmas of that year she flew
with my daughter from New York
to Helena. My daughter left her
with me then as she was going
to Saadi, Arabia. Last spring I
brought her to the lake with me.
In July she had six little kittens.
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14
ASA IS one of her kittens

ASA is one of her kittens.
rlcnlcs We're the order of tne
eay last Sunday. The Williams
lam, nani'iy and guest went up Nyack
way. The Arthur Andersons and
lhe Francis Willets went to Fish
creek. The Ray Prices and the
.lap nee family went to Avail
ancne' Kinda chilly, but fun.
superintendent Lee and scboo,
ooaru member, Dwight Grist, add
Tu new duties to their busy day.
iney spent busy and sooty hour
or TWO with the Apgar school
Stove. At last they think they
nave solved the difficulty. We sur
ely nope SO, Thank you, Mr.. Lee
and Mr.. Grist.
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14
round Apgar
By Apgar School

wallace Floren, little second
Rder at Apgar school, had some
luck. Until a week ago he had
fleet attendance for the year.
EN- his pre-school age brother
Eeloped scarlet fever and Wall
! is having to stay home. We
pix he deserves a lot of credit
that record. He came to school
Tough cold, rain, and even blizz-
bS One day he fell at noon from
bicycle and cut his head. He
5 rushed to the doctor and had
stitches taken. He insisted up
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14
[lton Briefs :i!sf,',.n
IA Jane McDomne"

Belton-Apgar 2. 7: A. mas
De Pts IFS fifth successful year.
dea az members, about two
IS # whom are active mem
ds u average attendance re-
=. a. nearly all the active ia
|en'S cood attendance makes an
fs. u thrive. Our past
n lnnts have been Mrs. M. V.
loeD' Mrs. Darrell Crumley,
ke r'arence Bartlett, Mrs. Lon
.'on Fred Cooper, and Mrs:
ls I1adoson. Mrs. Stevens and
BARTLETT have also been vice
., D Our secretary-treasur-
p Iu0 been Mrs. Darrell Crum-
n Mrs Jim Stevens, Fred Coo
MI Mrs. Rupp, and Mrs. Ray
N All these have worked to
'nce the welfare of our child
and schools. We thank them
, 1 would say to Mrs. Hodg-
a 4hat we think she has given
su' If the best years of her
YOU buy a ticket to Bar
IN" being staged at Kalispell
Nd in the high school aud
Inn, two shows, you will be
k;ng behind the man behind
'. Schools financial program
mon being sent to Helena to
i on legislation. Tickets are
|rsnts plus 10 cents tax.
F,s Ira Stinson spent Mothers
/ weekend with daughter Harz
pullman, Wash. More than
hundred mothers were there,
caid, and there was never a
moment. Harriet is majoring
social education.
Irs Clarence Bartlett receiv-
word of the birth of a new
to Mr.. and Mrs.
! Carter, Portland. Mrs. Car
was Jean Bartlett.
he cub scouts plan an outdoor
( meeting for May 81. More
ted. Bring your own lunch,
m, sugar and coffee, will be
ed. More information later.
pgar-Belton baseball team
ed a return game with Coram
Sunday, but we did not win.
aior Joe Walter, U. S. Army
ineers, formerly an employee
he engineers of national park
ice, was calling on old friends
elton Tuesday.
rs. Don Brewer, Spokane, vi
a few days with the Bill
regors.
,out so persons from Bolton
Apgar charivaried the Bill
sins Tuesday evening and had
of fun.
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14

Her family and friends envy and
miss her but hope she is having a
real vacation.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carmen Nutter,
Columbia Falls, visited at Cliff
Robinson's Wednesday evening.
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14

I/e are Interested in a cores
pondent for Coram. NetUS items
can be sent to the paper By ledU-
ing them at the post office.
Hungry Horse news., 1948-05-14

All Flathead county library
books out in Coran, area should
be returned to Frank Mdrkouits's
PdrkDieaU Nero.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1948-12-10
CELEBRATES 11th
 BIRTHDAY WITH PARTY

Mercedes Prescott daughter of Mir and Mrs. Ralph Prescott, cele- brated her 11th birthday Tuesday evening, December 2, with party for her young playmates.
 A movie show of comedies and cartoons were enjoyed and birth day cake and ice cream served. Each guest received favors of snowmen and Santa Claus suckers and large balloons.
 Guests attending were: Mary Ann Grover, Nancy Michaelson, Connie Hurn, Joan Garcia, Mar lene Messinger, Sylvia Casey. De- lores Metz, Carole Metz, Beulah Metz, Marjorie Bradley and Patri- cia Johnson.
 (The young guests were able to save a small piece of the delicious birthday cake for Dad whose birthday was the next day. Lucky DadD
The Wrangell sentinel., 1948-12-10
CUSTARD AND MAC"
 RETURN FROM FAR NORTH

Meredith Custard and R. w "Eskimo" MacKibben. returned yesterday by plane from Kotzebue where they have been for some time working on government con- struction for the Alaska Native Service.
 Custard went north in August and McKibben followed in October They expect to return north next June when weather conditions will permit resumption of building.
 While north "Esky" McKibben covered much of the northern ter ritory, getting as far as Point Bar row. He brought home an out standing collection of Eskimo relics and souvenirs which can be seen at The Variety Store.
 McKibben gave advice to any one planning to visit the Arctic don't take money to buy from the Eskimos. Take bubble gum, candy or cigarettes. He said the Eskimos of St. Lawrence Island were es- pecfally fond of bubble gum.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1948-12-10
LARGEST MAIL DISPATCH FROM WRANGELL MADE
 ON DECEMBER St

The largest single dispatch oi mail from the local post office was made on December Sth when five pouches of first class mail and 194 sacks of parcel post were dispatch ed for the states on the Princess NOrah that afternoon, Postmaster D. R. Sharnbroich reported. He said that ship carried the last mail which can be delivered be. fore Christmas in the states. out. side of Seattle. The post office was open until after nine D. m. Tues day evening and the post office crew was kept busy all day and ev. ening canceling and tying out Xmas cards and preparing the parcel post for dispatch.
 The Postmaster said the post of. flee will NOT be open this Satur- day afternoon, Dec. II, but will remain open on SAT. DEC. Is, during the afternoon and evening, if necessary, to enable patrons wishing to get mail off on the Princess Norah due southbound from Wrangell the evening of the 18th.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1948-12-10
WEATHER REPORT

= Marine forecast, issued by the U. S. Weather Bureau. for the per iod from this morning to tomor- row night is:
 Storm warnings, protected wat CTS of southeast Alaska north of Petersburg except Cross Sound and Icy Strait. Northly winds 35 to 55 miles per hour. increasing occasidn- ally to 65 miles per hour in Lynn Canal and decreasing slowly Sat urday.
 Cross Sound, Icy Strait and out side waters, Sitka to Yakutat. easterly to northeasterly winds 20 to 35 miles per hour; protected waters of southeast Alaska south of Petersburg and outside waters, Dixon Entrance to Sitka, south easterly to southwesterly winds 15 to 30 miles per hour increasing locally to 40 miles per hour to- night. Cloudy with snow over southern portion. Mostly cloudy with intermittent Light snow over northern portion today becoming partly cloudy tonight and Satur- day.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1948-12-10
MAKING WATER SUPPLY
 STUDIES IN SEE. ALASKA

Victor c. Rivers. registered con- sulting engineer, and Alfred Bak- er, District Sanitarian for the Pub lie Health Service. with pr. D. J. Cederstrom of the Geological Sur vey. arrived in Wrangell yester- day on a tour of Southeastern AL aska towns making a study ot their respective water supplies.
 MT. Rivers, also a Territorial Senator from the Third Diviion, said the study is being made all over the-U. S. and Alaska. with funds provided by the S0th Con gress for the Public Health Serv- ice. The study Is being made with the objective of getting estimates as to the amount of money need ed to put all water supplies on :: sanitary basis with ample wate. to handle all community needs The findings of the survey will L presented to the next congres. probably with recommended !esi: lation by the Public Health Serv | ice.
 While here the men met lasl night with the City Council ant today made a trip to the reseryoIr with the water committee of the 1 Council.
 They have covered the West Coast towns and Ketchikan and will proceed from here to Peters burg and Hoonah before returning to their headquarters.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1948-12-10

Judge William A. Holzheimer, one of Alaska's most respected pio- neers and oldtimers, widely known thoughout the Territory, passed a. way last Sunday afternoon at St. Ann's hospital in Juneau of heart trouble. Judge Holzheimer was a well known attorney, Federal Judge and baseball fan. He was 78 years of age and had lived in the Territory for 3S yers.
 Judge Holzheimer graduated from the University of Michigan in 1870 in law. He practiced first at POcatello, Idaho and later, in Seat tle He came to Alaska in 1915.
 Two years later he was appoint ed Assistant U. s. Attorney at Ket- chikan. then was named Federal Judge of the Second Division where he served until 1922, when he re- sumed private practice. In 1888 he became U. S. Attorney for the First Division and served for 12 years. He resigned because of i'll health. Two years ago he was ap- pointed Juneau City Magistrate and Judge for the city of Juneau.
 Judge Holzheimeer was buried in Juneau yesterday with the Elks lodge conducting the service.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1948-12-10
MRS. MARTHA HARTO
 CALLED BY DEATH

Mrs. Martha Harto, 37, who was born and raised in Wrangell, died last Friday afternoon at p. m. at her home here. She had been in i'll health for several years.
 Mrs. Harto was the daughter of Mir. and Mrs. Thomas Ukas, well known family of Wrangell. She was the wife of Virgil Harto.
 Funeral services were held from St. Philips Episcopal church on Monday afternoon at 3 o'clock. The Rev. Hugh Hall officiated and burial took place at Wrangell Memorial Cemetery.
 Mrs. Harto was a member of St. Mary's Guild of the Episcopal church.
 Pallbearers were Pat Patterson. Henry Kataase, Charles Dewitt. Don Austin, John Joseph and William Willard.
 Besides her husband and par ents, Mrs. Harto is survived by a daughter, Ethel Lund and son, Tommy Harto. and . brother, Bud UhnA.