davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1948-11-03

are forever asking me queS-
tions about THE NEGRO. s
They query - "What does THE
NEGRO want?" GLOW does THE
NEGRO feel?" How will THE
NEGRO vote?" 1 always feel
prone to counter with "To which
Negro do you refer?" The refer
ence to THE NEGRO is a part Il
Americas stereotyped thinking
about the Darker Brother. 1t has
consistently operated to confuse
the public and to disadvantage the
race.
The stereotyped thinking of
which l speak bears little rela-
tionship to bigotry or prejudice.
1t has affected people of good will
as well as those of i'll will - peo-
pie of good will have been equally
miseducated by the sweeping gen.
eralization about Negroes, which
has been much more prevalent
than fact. Negroes have been, and
are being greatly misunderstood
by social workers, teachers, en-
ployers, reformers, moralists. re-
search specialists and preachers
alike. Each of these groups has
looked at Negroes through a par
ticular and partial lens and con-
sequently the. view has been frag--
mentary. Typically, white Ameri-
cans have Jumped all Negroes to-
gether - fourteen million black,
brown, light yellow, blond with
blue eyes, good, bad, rich. poor,
ignorant and educated - as one
homogeneous group. The fallacy
in this point of view is immedi-
ately apparent to any student of
the social sciences. Nevertheless,
it is an opinion which is prevalent
and must be dealt with. Most
white people think of Negroes as
having certain racial traits which
govern their behavior. This. of
course, is not true. The only racial
characteristics which most Me-
groes share is dark skin pigmen-
tation and coarse hair texture by
which white society can identify
them and set them apart. The
race question is sociological. 1t
is not now, and never has been, a
biological question.
/ have used this time to set
a frame of reference for the topic.
This confusion, this stereotyped
thinking which has been accepted
by most Americans has profound
effect upon the position Negroes
presently find themselves in our
economic life.
Speakers handling this subject
are prone to trace the develop
ment of economic life of Negroes
in the o. S. and to compare con-
ditions of 1865 with 194S. This
type of presentation would show
that Negroes in 1865 owned no
property. They had been chattel
themselves. Prior to this date,
most Negroes were paid NO
WAGES. Fewer than 10 per cent
could write their name. When
the subject is developed this way,
the speaker shows that Negroes
now own millions and millions in
neutrality-suspicious.. church, edu-
cational, and business. Their earn
ing capacity is greatly improved.
They have full union status in
Continued on Page ~
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1948-11-03
PORTLAND NEWS
CATHOLIC CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL
PROBLEMS, OCTOBER 10; THE NEGROES
PLACE In ECONOMIC LIFE TODAY
By Edwin C. Berry

Before we begin the discussion of THE NEGRO'S place
in economic life today let point out irregularity
our subjct and acknowledge just to keep the record
straight The rreguarty is the reference to THE NEGRO
which implies that there such thing as composite
Negro personality The unntated in nterracal thinking
Evening star., 1948-05-11
Lilienthal Is Target
Nine Senators to Vote on Ripper Bill
For Two. Y ear Term for Acc Members

which deals neither With the quan-
flcations of the commissioners nor
the merits Of the law nor the func-
tioning Of the agency. It only makes
sure that Mr.. Lilienthal can't be
chairman for the five years to which
President Truman nominated him
a tenure that might put him be-
yond the reach Of the probably Re-
publican President who will be
elected next November.
Proposes 2-Ysar Terms.
The amendment proposes two
year terms for every commissioner
instead Of staggered terms o9 one
to i've years - now provided. The
staggered terms were Of course de-
signed to protect the continuity Of
the nations atomic energy opera.
tions. The new device win make 1t
possible for the next President to
pack the commission with new men
at one stroke.
Nothing comparable has beer
thrust on the Senate since Mr.
Roosevelt produced his court-pack.
ing plan which Republicans and
many Democrats piously repudiated
With q straight face, its support
srs label it "nonpolitical." This
utilises the same principle Of which
Harold stassen availed himself ir
his Ohio campaign against Senator
Taft-that II you proclaim Loudly
enough that you are on the side
Of the angels, people viii not exam.
Inc too closely the evidence you
Evening star., 1948-05-11

where We were last summer" Z
asked tncredulously.
NO." she answered sarcasttcally,
"the other Haiti-the one way up BY
Alaska"
SO, its Haiti tomorrow, boys. II I
keep on flying about in these new
tangled flying machines as much a
have lately. I Am going to become
convinced that they are here to stay
and stop yelling "Get . horsel"
every time ono passes. Also, the
CAA Is going to demand that I get
an overhaul Job after 50 many hours
in the air, Just a. the planes DO.
It's getting 80 that even when I an
walking I try to put my flaps down
when stop.
Actually. going to Haiti plsases
me. It gives me . chance to air my
grammar school French, get some
free Chiclets and meals on the
plane, and take some more pictures
Of my wife standing BY . burro, Of
which We already have upward Of
500.
Bon voyage. messieurs ct mas
danes! On. deux, trois, quatre, and
whatever Ave Is.
Distributed By Mefausht syndicate. Me)
Evening star., 1948-05-11

Florida. For instance, the citrus
fruit Of one State is about twice Al
sweet and juicy as the grapefruit
and oranges Of the other, but con I
think I am going to tell you which
is which. Make the rounds and see
for yourself-you don't have to sell
q column for . living.
Superior Beauty. a
One Of the States overall scenic
beauty is much superior to its rival
because it has snow-capped noun.
tains and deserts, but you'll never
drag from me . statement Is to
which one it is. As far as I am con-
cerned both Florida and California
abound with snow-capped noun
tains.
Don't ever let any one tell you
there isn't any difference in the
quality Of the bathing beaches and
the temperature Of the water. In
one Of the States the beaches and
water are enjoyable all the year
round. and in the other you all but
freeze to death except for . short
spell in a summer. Wish I could tell
you which was which, but like my
three squares a day as well as the
next man.
On my arrival home had planned
to take . cat nap OF . week or 10
days to rest up from the rigors Of
my transcontinental trip. had pic
tured myself as being the darling
Of the household-untn every one
got used to my being around the
joint again.
But my ears were still unstopped
from the flight from Los Angeles
when my wife Jean told me that I
would have to hurry home because
she had . raft Of things she wanted
me to do before we left tonight for
Miami to catch q Pan American
clipper for Haiti in the morning.
you mean Haiti. way down there
Evening star., 1948-05-11
On the Other Hand
Hopson and Elmer, the Messenger
Boy, Recalled by Utility Battle

readjustment Of rates resulted IN
considerable savings to telephone
users.
Initiated Hope Gas Case.
It was Mr.. Buchanan who 1ni-
tiated the famous Hope Natural
Gas Co. case, which when finally
decided by the United States su.
preme Court, put an end to one Of
the methods whereby holding COM
panies MIXED their ,afiliates. The
HOPE company was charging It's
own af1lliates more than 1t charged
independent companies.
One Of the great public scandals
Of recent times revolved around
certain practices Of the Associated
Gas and Electric 90. whose tnsa-
worry president, Howard Hopson.
eventually went to jail. A. q. 4 :.
refused to give the Pennsylvania
commission essential information
rerarding the charges 1t levied On
its Pennyslvania afdliates. notwith-
standing these charges helped TO NIX
the rates to consumers. When
ioint hearings were held by the
Federal Power Commission and the
Pennsylvania commission. Mr..
Buchanan represented the latter
body and helped write the decision.
A by-product Of this case was the
enactment by Congress Of the
present Holding Company Act.
ELMER, the messenger boy-re-
member him7-also helpedo
Probably the greatest public
service Of the nominee, however.
was his part in changing the
accounting methods Of the private
utilities. Nine interstate eompsnies.
operating in Pennsylvania, had
their "writs-ups" reduced by $780,
o00, 900 due to his efforts.
The utility lobbyists-to use the
nicer words are against Mr.
Buchanan's nomination. Under
standablv 10.
Evening star., 1948-05-11
This Changing World
Prestige of u. S. Dealt Severe Blow
BY Vacillatins Policies on Palestine

The responsibility for that divi-
sion Is all too clear. without claim
Ing spotless purity for the United
States and It's policies toward the
rest Of the world, We can pin the
blame for Big Five disagreement
squarely on Moscow and its policies
90 Of expans.onisnn which has
forced the western democracies tc
take measures of self-defenSe: and
% Of Illustration Of the work Of the
u. n. BY the use Of the veto.
But the United States and its pol.
icy makers must share the blame fos
the breakdown OF efforts to bring
peace to Palestine and to carry out
peacefully the trAnsition from the
Britah mandate to some form OF
rule in which both Jews and Arabs
could participate.
US. Has vacillated.
The United States has vacillated,
throwing its weight first in one di'
rection and then Withdrawing to
move in another direction, first stv-
ins the Jews false encouragement
that Palestine could be partitioned
and then yielding to the bitter facts
OF our dependence on Middle East
ern oil and OF our inability to ~.
sumo the military responAbilty OF
enforcing partition In Palestine.
Without the strength Of purpose
and firm decision to 90 through with
it. the United States would have
been better advised never to nave
eone out for partition. The spec
tacle of 4 great power like the United
States throwing its weight around
aimlessly in Palestine Is not pretty
one and nothing for US to be
proud Of.
As it stands We have alienated just
about everybody concerned IN the
Palestine question. The Jews resent
American policy In failing to carry
through with partition. The Arabs
resent our ever having supported
partition in the first place. The
British resent our EFFORTS to Keep
them saddled with the burden OF the
Palestine mandate.
Al one Of the great powers We
have displayed q shocking inability
to cope with what should have been
4 minor matter Of peace adjustment.
II the United States Is to continue
to fail in the responsibilities OF
leadership throughout the world, We
will find ultimately that our prestige
is reduced almost to nothing and
that the United Nations. which 1t
was hoped would work because Of
our participation, will 20 the way Of
the League Of Nations, which died
because Of the inability Of its prin-
cipal members to agree among them.
selves on means to keep the world at
o4Ace,
Evening star., 1948-05-11

CllC 1lBllG ABG1II6C 1t'
What the bill actually represents
Is the iron determination Of pow
erful conservative interests to rid
themselves Of Acc Chairman Lili-
enthal. They failed to do 1t on the
basis Of his past record when his
original nomination was before the
Senate. The only new evidence Ia
that he has done well, 20 they want
to avoid = straisht-out public vote
again. especially on the eve Of .
presidential election.
Hence the proposed amendment
Evening star., 1948-05-11

Energy commits
sionerS without
hearing 4 single
piece Of evi-
dence adverse to
any Of the hve.
Ths legisla-
ton 10 expected
to prevail by a
straight party
vote of the i've
Republicans and
ne Democrat,
Senator John.
son Of Colorado.
Senator McMa.
hon Of Connec-
ticut will lead
Evening star., 1948-05-11

In the world are osn'sshahs sss"A.
other more fundamental facts, which
many may overlook in their haste tt
blame the q. N. and the very idea
on which It 10 founded for Its short
comings. Not al these basic facts
revolve around East-West rivalry
although some do.
At the bottom Of the inefdciency
Of the U. N.-not only IN the Pales.
tine case bit IN others ~ WELLS
the indecision Of the great powers
and their inability to Join together
in . program which would provide
m effective and immediate settle
ment for Palestine when the British
leave Palestine later this week.
Worst Fears Realized.
The U. N. was founded on the as
sumption that the Big Five Powers
would work Is 4 team and that the
power and leadership necessary Tor
world pacification would come from
them. They were given the veto
in recognition Of the cold, hard
fact that it would be useless to at
tempt to use United Nations ma
chinery against any one Of them or
combination OF them.
without Big Five unity the
United Nations could not be ex-
pected to function, vt least in the
form it was set up. It was recog-
nised from the very start that II
the Big Five were ever seriously d.
vided the u. N. would founder and
fail in any effort to settle peace
fully disputes which arise from
time to time around the world.
The worst fears have been real
lied. The Big Five have become
seriously divided and the U. N: has
fioundered-and is fioundering--
miserably, with no prospect that 1t
will be able to reach q decision and
apply that decision against two very
weak groups which are disputin1
over the land In which ohristianity
va hnyn
Evening star., 1948-05-11
,r.r IA r,noort vo,,r claim,

Informed perSons realize that had
the President named the lone Dem.
ocrat, Mr.. Lilienthal. for one 7ear
and handed the other terms to the
four Republicans, Messrs. Waymack
Pike, Strauss and Bacher, all i've
nominations would have breezed BY
Bearing on this point Is the arsu-
ment that q new President Is en-
titled to name his own Acc COM
missioners. Under existing law he
could name one about six months
after taking ONCE and three more
before his term ends-all but Mr.
Lilienthal.
Rather De Right"
The President has been attacked
for refusing to take the easy way
His answer: I'D rather be right"
Chairman Hickenlooper and Sen
ator Vandenberg also speak Of the
necessity Of avoiding fight. There
couldn't b . real flght unless they
Joined 1t.
But the Republican convention
oonvon09 IN SaX weeks. NOW ID tne
time for al good men to come t<
the aid OF the party-especially dark
horses. Senator Vandenberg sits ir
the best position In the boat right
now and he Is plainly unwilling Il
rock it. Besides, Senator Taft, We.
hemently anti-Lilienthal, will have
4 poVerflll voice in any smoke dllet
room that names / compromise
candidate.
Most Democrats will stand behint
the President. Senator johnson, ths
apostate, Is up this year and ap'
pears to be obeying the axiom thai
. Senator's first duty Is TO get him
self re-electsd-he Is playing aloni
with his Republican colleague, Sen
ator Millkin, who Is powerful ir
Colorado, and not with the present.
" unpopular President Of his party
Evening star., 1948-05-11

HYA 0t&VGCs
Only one thing
stops me-my
m an 4 didn't
raise quite ~ big
10 fool 0 most
people think she
did.
This column Is
sold to quite a
few papers both
in California and
Florida, and II
you think I an
going to risk
making the edi-
tors or readers
Of any Of those
Evening star., 1948-05-11

Tnat Ia the only L~vsa Msllsts'
damninr evidence against Mr.. Du-
chanan produced during hearings
on the nomination.
The evidence was heard BY the
full committee. Senator Myers,
Democrat, Of Pennsylvania, . sup
porter of the nominee, asked and
obtained that arrangement. He did
this following 4 favorable report
on the Moore Ridley bill by 4 sub
committee. The report was favorable
by 4 2.to-l vote, one Of the two
votes being that OF the author,
Senator Moore, OF Oklahoma. who
was also chairman Of the subcom-
mittee. There Is q relationship be-
tween this bill and the nomination
Of Mr.. Buchanan.
Mesrs -kisley Bin.
Two veteran members Of the
Federal Power Commission have
testified that the Moore-Rizley
bill, In the course Of relatively few
years, would increase by hundreds
Of millions Of dollars the cost OF
natural sas to consumers. They
have revealed also that the natural
gas industry is already enjoying the
greatest profits of any American
industry. Their testimony was
based on q two year study Of the
industry, authorized by the COM
mission. On the other hand, two
other members Of the commission
have indicated . willingness to in.
dorse the bill.
The bill fioated through the House
with the greatest Of ease. but 10
meeting important opposition In the
Senate. II 1t fails OF passage the
natural gas companies will have to
continue to hope for sympathetic
treatment by the Power Commits
sion. A man who Is said TO have
said what Mr.. Buchanan did con-
cerning legislative lobbyists might
not be sympathetic; he might be too
consumer-minded. Added to the
commission, he would give consun.
ers a majority there.
Mr.. Buchanan has a record In
such matters. He served for several
years on the Public Utility Com
mission in Pennsylvania. He started
a memorable investigation of the
Bell Telephone Company's toll
charges in that State and developed
the fact that long-distance rates
within the State were higher than
interstate rates for comparable dis
tancss. For instance, 1t cost more
to talk from Pittsburgh to Philadel-
phia than It cost to talk from
Pittsburgh to Camden, N. ]. "A
Evening star., 1948-05-11

VaUlnS ana dM.
gerous problem
Is the great
tragic fact which
emerses - the
British prepare
10 give up their
mandate over
the Holy Land
ut midnight Fri.
day.
But behind the
failure Of the U.
n. to fulfill its
role 0 h e
great peace.
keeping agency
Evening star., 1948-05-11
By Constantine Broicn

The inability Of the United Ma.
tions to solve the Palestine crisis
Or even to make partial headway
toward . solution Of that Agra
Evening star., 1948-05-11
Bv Doris Fieeson

Nine Senators Of the Special
Atomic Energy Committee will vote
this week on a ripper bill affecting
the tenure Of the fve Atomic
Evening star., 1948-05-11
Bv LeweH MeUen

On Thursday Of this week the
Senate Interstate Commerce Com.
mittee will decide whether or not
1t Approves of Thomas c. Buchanan,
Evening star., 1948-05-11
By Aory Aonon Mclemore-
Discusses floridd
vsnus California
By Henry McLem ore

I new In from California today to
my home In Daytona Beach, Fla,
and how tempted am to make =
few comparisons between the two
Evening star., 1948-05-11

Of any Of those Henry MeLsmefs.
papers mad, then you have another
thought coming.
Heaven knows, there are . lot Of
differences between California and
Evening star., 1948-05-11

nominated by
President Tru-
man to the Fed
eral P o " Q r
C ON m issi on.
Decision proba-
bly, will depend
on what the
members Of the
committee think
Of 4 man who
once, 70 1t II al.
legged, referred
to lobbyists tor
private utility
interests as "leg-
islative lice"
Evening star., 1948-03-18
By LoweH MeUeff

What effect the Presidents ad-
dress to Congress has on the course
of events in Europe depends entirely
on the effect it has on Congress
Evening star., 1948-03-18
BY David Laurence

Real progress in fire-control did
not begin until Lavoisier showed
the relation Of oxygen to FIRE ITO
years ago.
Evening star., 1948-03-18
Dewey Gets Busy
Speeds Up Activity in Wisconsin
To Retain His Former MONOPOLY

foot soldiers, like the courthouse
politicos and members of the State
Legislature. The organization tor
cream here Is skinned by Mr.
Stassen.
These worthless are being ex.
horted by experienced brain
trusters from Albany-Republican
National Committeeman Russell
Sprague, Hickman Powell, Hamil-
ton Gaddis-who have been regu-
larly fitting in and out Of the
bushes all over the State. # real
popular enthusiasm for Gov. Dewey
Of the kind that gave him the prf-
maries ,twice before Ia still present
this intensive cultivation may yield
the desired results.
Real Problem for Dewey.
Nobody seems to want to tell ex-
actly what these visiting firemen do.
1t is presumably not unfair to sug-
gest that they are using the old
fashioned pie-in-the-sky promises
which a leading candidate can en-
ploy effectively.
The Wisconsin primary has proved
a real problem for Gov. Dewey. The
Governor likes a half-in, half -out
position where the excuses come
easily If things go wrong. The
practically house toulouse canvass
Of Mr.. Stassen and Gen. Mac
Arthur's booming candidacy made it
necessary for him to fish or cut bait
here. 1t was somewhat belatedly
realized that since he had reigned In
Wisconsin previously it would be a
striking blow to his aspirations If
the more energetic candidates
crowded him out.
BY then 1t was too late to do all
that might, with dignity, have been
done. The Dewey camp is hoping II
will not prove too little, also.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate. Inc.)
Evening star., 1948-03-18

must come from Congress.
The thinking behind the Presi-
dents proposals is akin to that
which holds that the Kaiser never
would have launched World War
had he known or believed America
would come in on the side of the
Allies and that Hitler would have
restrained his mad ambition had
he known he was inviting a clash
with the full power Of our country
BY the same token, 1t is felt that
the will to resist would have been
greater on the part of the nations
in Germany's path had they been
convinced Of our readiness to back
them with armed force and to the
fullest extent.
Depends on Congress.
So the message is aimed at Rus
sia, on the one hand, and at the
remaining independent countries of
Europe, on the other. But the
message may prove to be meaning
Lessor worse. That depends on
Congress. The Presidents declaring
his desire for universal military
training, in order that we may
move quickly and effectively if the
need appears to arise, may Of itself
have little effect abroad He. has
urged such action for months, hut
without result, Congress has been
unconvinced Of the necessity and
unwilling to give him this card to
play In the most difficult inter-
national political game any Ameri-
can Government ever found it
self in.
II Congress still refuses to do
Evening star., 1948-03-18
This Changing World
Communist Influence in France Seen
Unweakened Despite General Belief

1t may take the Union of Western
Europe even longer to start func-
tioning than 1t will the Kremlin's
well-organized cohorts to push
through their scheme. 1t boils down
almost to a matter OF days and
hours.
The Communist timetable for
France is based on an expectation
that Italy will vote for a Communist
controlled government on April 18.
If this happens it will be due
largely to the efforts of Nenni, the
former Socialist leader now turned
Soviet stooge. Nenni's role is pre-
cisely that played earlier by Gle
rankiewicz in Poland and by Fier-
linger in Czechoslovakia. Incl
dentally, it is the same role the
Communists expect Henry Wallace
to play in the United States.
That may be news to our former
Vice President, but it should not
be. All he need do is to look at
the record of those other leaders"
of pro-Russian parties.
Purge Started in Italy.
Once Rome has a Communist
government installed, the purge will
begin. In Italy this might assume
proportions comparable to those
of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917
in Russia. The Soviet government
always has regarded the Roman
Catholic Church as its chief spirit
ual and psychological enemy, just
as it has looked on the United
States as its chief economic and
military enemy. 1t will take time
to get the purge of clerical elements
we'll in hand, and probably will
require help from Tito's trained
political police.
While this goes on, France will
have an uneasy respite for a few
months. But beginning in mid
September, when the Kremln fig
ures the United States will be fully
occupied with the election cam
paign, the breakdown on France
will come. Events have shown that
the Politburo, even more than Hit
ler's high command. is master of
political timing. Given control of
Italy, Moscow can carry out this
plan within the time limits it has
set.
Only one factor Is lacking, or
appears to be lacking. That is the
French Socialist leader who will
play the part Of Fierlinger and
Nenni in the delivery of hts country
to Moscow. However, it does not
take more than a few weeks for
the Communist international prop
aganda agency. the Cominform. to
build up a character of this kind.
When Moscow needs Partisan
stooge, one will be ready.