davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-02-07

tually create Constantine Brown.
such federation would be a major
historical development.
Until Congress decides on the
amount to be authorized for the
Marshall Plan it is considered futile
to 60 into great detail about the
part the United States might take
in the Western European fedora
tion.
However, those who have been
studying Mr.. Bevin's plan realis-
tically are convinced that besides
providing economic support for the
new setup in Western Europe, the
United States will have to take
steps to bolster the defense of the
West against encroachments from
the East.
Some of the Marshall Plans most
enthusiastic supporters admit pri-
vately that unless there is military
strength in the background to per-
suade the governments of Western
Europe to maintain their demo-
cratic forms against Red attacks,
American billions for recovery will
be only temporary palliative.
1t is this very belief that prompted
Mr.. Bevin to propose the Western
European federation as an economic
and political entity. To many the
plan seems highly ambitious, since
it would require that centuries old
prejudices and antagonisms would
have to be reconciled. But many
supporters of the Bevin plan be-
lieve that, in the face of the heavy
Communist pressure on the whole
of Western civilization. the forma-
ton of such a federation based on
more than economics is possible.
But the most important question
Evening star., 1948-02-07
This Changing World
Creation of Western Europe Federation
Without Military Backing Seen Futile

and one which is discussed softly
is, what about Germany? The
former Reich has been broken up
and has ceased to exist as an effec-
tive power. In spite of its weakness,
however, it still constitutes a key
stone in the new edi1ce which Mr..
Bevin so boldly projected.
The policies of the Western Allies
have been more than short-sighted
in recent months. A period of clear
thinking should have taken the
place of the spirit of revenge against
the German population, which has
allowed itself to be identified with
Hitler. This did not happen, how
ever. 1t is true that the Morgenthau
plan, which aimed to convert in
dustrial Germany into a pastoral
state, has been officially abandoned.
But the officials who were sent to
the American, British and French
occupation zones Immediately after
the war to enforce that plan are
still predominant in the bi-zonal
area and the French zone.
Hardship for Masses.
The result has been severe hard
ship for the overwhelming mass of
the. population, which should not
have been identified directly with
Hitler's policies any more than the
mass of Russian and satellite people
should be identified today with the
policies of the Kremlin.
The denazif1cation Of Germany
went much farther than the prose-
cution of those who actually served
Hitler. It has involved millions of
people who, having to choose be-
tween starvation or submission to
Hitlers domination, agreed to wear
the swastika.
The recent strikes in the bi-zonal
area of Germany and Pastor Martin
Niemoeller's open protest against
the Western Allies policies should
serve as a real warning to Wash
ington and London. Yet the World
War submarine officer who turned
Protestant pastor and joined the
opposition to Hitler was upbraided
by Gen. Lucius D. Clay.
While we tumble in the dark
Soviet representatives are taking
advantage of our mistakes and, ac-
cording to the reports of our officials
in Germany, are preparing to win
the Germans over to their side with
all kinds of promises which carry
great weight with the desperate
people of Germany.
With Germany on Russias side
the chances are pretty slim for a
Western European federation which
can survive.
Evening star., 1948-02-07
Cafeteria Union Faces
New0bstacIesDespite
Non-Red Affidavits

| Cafeteria Workers Union official.
who yesterday filed non-Communist
afidavits faced two major obstacles
today in their effort to bargain with
Government Services, Inc, and enc
a strike that started January S.
The first is that officers of the
parent union, United Public Work.
ers of America (CIO) have not
filed such affidavits. Unless this is
done in accordance with Taft
Hartley Act provisions, Local All
Cafeteria Workers Union cannot
make use of National Labor Rela-
tions Board facilities.
The second hurdle confronting the
strikers is the company's statement
that it will not discharge any of the
1900 employees hired since the be-
ginning of the strike. Except for
cafeterias in the Labor Department
and the Supreme Court Building, all
AZ operated by GSI have been kept
open.
Strike to Continue.
Oliver T. Palmer, union business
agent, declared "the strike most Ger
tainly will continue until GSI agrees
to sit down and bargain with our
union"
The union officials, he explained,
decided to file the aff1davits purely
as local matter to remove phony
issue raised by the company"
In filing the aff1davits, the union
disclosed that Richard A. Bancroft
has resigned as president. A union
spokesman said he would remain as
member.
Officers of Local Sign.
Those who signed affidavits were
Mr.. Palmer, Mrs. Rose Randolph,
vice president; Mrs. Geneva Brown,
financial secretary; Mrs. Elizabeth
King, treasurer, and Mrs. Audrey
Yates, James Malone, James Jack
son and Mrs. Ethel Frederick, trus-
tees Mr.. Palmer announced that
an election would be held February
% to choose a president and a re-
cording secretary.
Filing of the affidavits came day
after Secretary Of Labor Schwellen-
bach told House Expenditures
subcommittee that he had informed
Abram Flaxer, president of the
UPWA, that he would not try to
settle the strike until affidavits were
signed,
Evening star., 1948-02-07
On the Other Hand
Concerning Speaker Joe Martin,
Communism and the Price of Gas

confirmed, for they claim majority
of the commission is now willing to
accept the bill in its present form.
Fair Field Price Formula.
The Senate committee is holding
hearings on this substitute. Like
the original Riley bill it would
change the basis of determining rea-
sonable rates. Under the present
Natural Gas Act the FPC uses the
prudent investment" rate base.
Commissioners Olds and Draper,
having completed an investigation
in which they took $1,000 pages of
evidence, told the Senate commit
tee:
This method of rate regulation
has worked well in practice, for
whereas annual rate reductions of
approximately $39, 100000 have been
ordered or approved since 1888, the
companies making the reductions
have prospered and are in sound
financial condition.
The Ridley bill provides what is
called the fair field price formula"
for fixing rates. Under this, &C
cording to the two commissioners,
"an increase of five cents per thou
sand cubic feet would probably re-
suit in additional profits over the
cost basis of $3.50, ,650,000 to nine
natural gas companies operating in
the Hugoton and Panhandle fields,
during the life of such fields" That's
just for nine companies. Taking
the business as a whole, the two
commissioners say the change in
the rate basis would literally net
these corporations billions of dollars
over the life of the fields"
Speaker Martin will have some
thing to say concerning the stand
to be taken by the Republican ma
iority on this bill. If he permits
the raid on the peoples pocket
books to go through, he could not
complain that the people are getting
wrong ideas about Congress-the
present Congress, that is to say, not
Congress as an institution.
Copyright 194s Globe Syndicate
Evening star., 1948-02-07

institution. He follows that with
speech to businessmen in which
he says:
"It has become too common a
practice to belittle the legislative
branch of our Government. We see
fragrant instances of it in the press
and the movies. LeftiSh radio COM
mentators and writer's offer further
proof of the insidious campaign.
The Communists are out to destroy
the Congress before the Congress
destroys their plans to overthrow
the American way of life"
Voters Don't Accept Line.
That's a nice line if Joe can get
away with it. But the manner in
which President Truman's popular
ity has grown during the past year,
with the popularity of all potential
Republican candidates (save Gen.
Eisenhower shrinking to the same
degree, indicates that the voters
are not accepting it.
What really is the matter with
Congress? If you want to know,
watch the progress of a bill now
being given the right of way 1t is
not a bill to provide housing for the
homeless or a bill to do something
about prices. 1t is not a bill in the
interest of all the people, but of a
limited group, in this case the group
enjoying a virtual monopoly of the
natural gas business. It's purpose
is to reduce Federal regulation of
this interstate business to the point
where it would become farce.
Consumers would pay the cost
and the cost would run into billions
Of dollars, if Federal Power Com
Leland Olds and Claude
L. Draper know what they are talk
ing about.
The bill, introduced by Represen-
tative Ross Ridley of Oklahoma last
session, went through the House one
summer day after two hours of dis
The Senate Commerce Com
mittee. voting 6 to 5. reported
against it and it did not reach the
Senate floor Between sessions the
gas men worked up a substitute bill.
they also worked on the
Power Commission, which has two
new members, one of them not yet
Evening star., 1948-02-07
Machinisf Killed in Fall
Down Stairs TO Basement

A fall down his basement stairs
was blamed for the death last night
of Hubert M. Poff, 50, of 913 Seventh
street NE.
Mr.. Poff's body was discovered at
the foot of the stairs by his wife,
Mrs. Grace Poff. She summoned a
physician from Casualty hospital
who pronounced him dead. She
said her husband may have stum-
bled over dog that sometimes slept
at the foot of the stairs.
Mr.. Poff, machinist. was en-
ployed by the Washington Terminal
Co. He had lived in Washington
for % years He is survived by his
widow. one daughter. Mrs. Lillian
Thompson, of Pittsburgh; and two
sons, James and Eugene, both OF
Washington. Funeral arrangements
have not been announced.
Evening star., 1948-02-07
Tax Lien of $2o,687
Filed Against Nimro

The Bureau of Internal Revenue
yesterday filed in District Court a
notice of a tax lien for $29, 1887
against Bernard P Nimro, At. tax
consultant, who is awaiting sentence
for embezzling $2,62a from State
Department official.
Nimro was found guilty last week
OF embezzling from 10y w. Hender-
son and was ordered to Jail by
Justice Alexander Holtzoff, pending
sentence.
The income tax lien was for in
come in 1945.
Evening star., 1948-02-07
Sprague Death Attributed
To Monoxide POISONING

Coroner A. Magruder Macdonald
today was withholding a death GER
tiflcate in the case of John L
Sprague, 80, Indian Head, Md.
tavern keeper, but he said the
former police detective sergeant died
of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Dr.. Macdonald explained he was
awaiting a report on laboratory
tests before issuing the certificate.
Mr.. Sprague was found dead yes
terday morning in his automobile
which was parked in the 1900 block
of Good Hope road Sc.
Evening star., 1948-02-07

nations into believing that we
thought no other course possible
Furthermore. the very success OF
such efforts could be dangerous,
since such nations might then be-
lieve that the danger of war had
passed and hence there was no
urgent need for rapid military
preparations on the broad scale
necessary to cope with the inevi-
table German danger.
Believed Hitler Plans.
My view was that the trigger
was set so far as Hitler's plans and
determination were concerned.
There was the added danger that
frantic appeals to Hitler might ex-
aggerate his already stupendous
ego. convince him that no one
wished to oppose him, that he was
all powerful. and that, step by step,
he could achieve all he wanted.
Moreover, I had no confidence
whatever in any pledge by Hitler
and the thought that important
strips Of territory were being ceded
to Hitler to get a pledge from him
seemed to me nockery. WelleS
kept pushing the President on,
while I kept advising him to go
slow.
The President, however, believed
with Bullitt that something should
be done, even If 1t we're not sue
cessful. He said to me, 1T can't
do any harm. It's safe to urge
peace until the last moment"
With the President decided on
making his appeals, we strove to
choose the most telling moment To-
dispatch them. For some days we
had been preparing text after text,
with Welles and Berle doing most
of the drafting, and the President
taking a considerable hand him
self
On the night of September 25
we put the finishing touches to the
message. We strove des-
perately to make 1t as forceful as
words could make it. Even after
the final draft had been agreed
to, the President made few
changes in pencil. Then at o'clock
on the morning of September 26,
the President sent it in identical
direct to Hitler and Benes.
and, through me, to Chamberlain
and Daladier.
VIC alco cont IL ta orr dip1o,,, ti,
missions in Warsaw and Budapest,
with instructions to communicate
it to the Polish and Hungarian For
eign Offices. Poland and Hungary
had added their voices and menaces
to the crisis by claiming sections
Of Czechoslovakia.
Appeals for Negotiation.
"On behalf of the 130 millions
of people of the United States of
said the President, "and
for the sake of humanity every
where I most earnestly appeal to
you not to break off negotiations
looking to a peaceful, fair and con-
structive settlement of the ques-
tons at issue.
Il earnestly repeat that so long
as negotiations continue, differences
may be reconciled Once they are
broken off, reason is banished and
force asserts itself" I
We then waited almost breath
Iessly for the replies. We had not
long to wait for three of them |
That same day, September 26,
Benes, Daladier and Chamberlain
stated their complete accord with
the Presidents views and their
to negotiate for peace.
These were Immediately made pub
lie, SO as to be before the public !
before Hitler's scheduled speech
that evening. But Hitler's reply
mad not arrived, and this was the
one we were most anxiously await
ing. /
Europe was mobilizing. Kennedy
Evening star., 1948-02-07

OF brlLlSn FOT-
e / gn Secretary
Bevin's proposal
for a federation
of Western Eur
opean nations.
Although t h e
S t a t e Depart
ment has said
nothing a b o u t
this project be-
yond a general
expression of ap-
proval, 1t is ad-
mitted a m on g
department off,
cials that to ac-
Evening star., 1948-02-07

so - W.
The present
Congress h a S
come in for a
great deal OF
cri C / S m . As
top man in the
lower house, the
Speaker resents
this. He makes
a speech to a
gathering o f
business women
and tells them
that the radi-
calls are trying
to tear down
Congress- as an
Evening star., 1948-02-07

latter concern had been designated
in will Attorney Marcus Borch-
ardt, who represents the niece, said
the will is to be contested
Mr.. Atkins, according to police,
was stabbed on January % with a
pair of scissors by another colored
Evening star., 1948-02-07

man, of no fixed address. The sus-
pect is awaiting grand jury action.
Justice F. Dickinson Let's signed
a temporary restraining order pre-
venting the body being released to
the Cornish concern pending
hearing on Monday.
Evening star., 1948-02-07
Bp LOnceIl MeUetf

What's the matter with Congress?
Nothing, in the opinion of Speaker
Joe Martin, that cannot be cured
by calling it's critics "Commu-
Evening star., 1948-02-07
By Constantine Brown

While waiting for the final ver-
dict in Congress on the European
Recovery Program the State De-
partment is studying the progress
Evening star., 1948-02-07

BILOXI MISS-TRAIN RUNS THROUGH OPEN DRAWBRIDGE
-Workmen shown they lacked up the front of the
reamner Azalean in effort to get back the tracks
after nearly through drawbrdge Thursday night
dense fog The front truck of the diesel locomotive be
resting in the waters of Back Bay and the bridge
the left Mrs wife of the President their daugh
Margaret chrsen towboat named for the
President at New Orleans today following train and
delayed by the accident. -AP Wrephoto
Evening star., 1948-02-07

(The next installment in this
series appears Monday. Mr.. Hull
writes a special article from his
memoirs for the editorial section
in tomorow's Sunady Starr
Evening star., 1948-02-07

Europe was mobilizing. Kennedy
Evening star., 1948-08-04
Liverpool Is Quiet
After ; Days Of Riots
By the Associated Press

LIVERPOOL, England, Aug. A.
With police patrolling in impressive
strength, an uneasy quiet prevailed
today at the south end Of this port
CITY, where race riots occurred dur
ing the past three days.
"All resources of the police will
be used to stamp out this ugly
business" Chief Constable c. c.
Martin said.
About so men, many of them West
African Negroes, are being held In
jails for trial next week on a variety
of charges. Police have a collec-
ton of iron bars, swords and
knives used in several fights which
took place in a square-mlle area
near the docks where many hun
dred Negroes live.
Several women who took part
in the brawling are free under bail.
Investigators said white woman
who associate with Negroes in clubs
and on the streets are responsible
for some of the fights.
Many of the Negroes involved
reached Liverpool by slowing away
in shops coming from West African
ports. They are British subjects,
so they may not be sent back
against their will. Many served
short sentences as stowaways, then
ioined a growing Negro colony
where they live precariously.
Evening star., 1948-08-04
Mississippi Democrats
Stand Firm on Revolt
Ax the Associotsd Press

JACKSON, Miss, Aug. Mis-
sissippi's Democratic convention has
reiterated its solid States Rights
stand by pledging the States nine
electoral candidates to the Thur
mond- Wright ticket.
State delegates, who reconvened
here yesterday for a one-day ses-
sion, also voted approval of Missis-
sippi's walkout at Philadelphia.
The State convention adopted
resolutions which. briefly, would:
Approve the Philadelphia walkout.
Nominate Gov. J. Strom ThuI-
mond of South Carolina and Gov.
Fielding L. Wright of Mississippi as
candidates of the Mississippi Demo-
cratic Party for President and Vice
President.
Pledge the States nine candidates
for the Thurmond- Wright ticket.
Call for a States Rights educa-
tional campaign in each county.
Commission the nine elector-
candidates as delegates to another
Birmingham convention on Octo-
Der l.
Request all candidates for office
on the State Democratic ticket to
declare their support for States
Rights plans.
Call on Mississippi's congressional
delegation and congressional candi-
dates to declare how they would
vote if CONGRESS should have tn
decide the presidential election.
Evening star., 1948-08-04
Jim Pendergost Beats Veteran
Challenging His Party Control
Committee Chuirmon
Defeated After Attack
On Boss Politics
BY the Assoeioted Press

KANSAS CITY. Aug. flames
M. Pendergast, who watched his
uncle, Boss Tom Pendergast, have
his way in Missouri politics for
years, today marked up personal
triumph of his own.
1t was the defeat of Harry A.
Morris, 36-year -old war veteran who
had challenged Mr.. PendergastS
control of the important Demo-
cratic County Committee.
Mr.. Morris, now chairman OF the
committee, went down to defeat in
Yesterdays primary election, losing
his position on the committee. ano
thus a chance to stay on as lts
head
Returns on the IS other races
for membership on the committee
were incomplete.
Mr.. Morris waged blistering
campaign on boss politics" He
gathered around him group OF fell
low veterans in his effort to end
the domination of the party by
a few hereditary and selfish leaders
bent upon maintaining their own
political empires"
Mr.. Pendergast inherited the
Pendergast faction on the death OF
his uncle several years ago.
Mr.. Morris, x-paratrooper and
Evening star., 1948-08-04
$500, oOOBui|ding
Plans Of Navy Focus
On Speed and Size

The Nays $500,O0O, 900 building
and conversion program is cen
tered on speed and size-faster sub
marines and ships, and larger car
riers for heavier planes.
Sixteen experimental vessels will
be constructed in the next six
months. These include the s., ,000-
ton carrier which the Air Force con-
tended was never approved by the
joint chiefs Of staff.
Another Is ships of wartime con-
struction will be finished-six of
them with modified design-and 80
other vessels will be- converted,
chiefly for submarine and anti sub
marine duty.
The Navy has placed greater en-
phasiS on submarine and anti
submarine warfare since VI day
and under the new building pro-
gram there will be six high speed
subs, three ''anti-submarine" sub
marines designed to chase down and
sink other subs, two killer" ships
resembling light cruisers. four new
type destroyers for anti-submarine
work planned to be larger, faster
and able to cruise in Polar waters.
Two factors have brought about
this trend in Navy construction:
% the Russians are known to have
a large feet of high speed subs
built from captured German blue
prints; (2) the Germans inaugu-
rated what amounts to a revolution
in ship design by developing sub
marine near the close of the war
capable of high underwater speeds
and of remaining submerged for
long intervals.
Almost the sole exception to the
Nays submarine building program
is the controversial giant carrier
unnamed as yet, which will have
flush flight deck and be able to
lounch bombers the size of B-29
She will be much too large to go
through the Panama Canal and will
be the largest carrier ever built.
Evening star., 1948-08-04
Green Pins FiIibuster
On 6. 0. P. Leadership
By the kssoeiotsd Press

NEW YORK, Aug. 4.-William
Green, president of the American
Federation of Labor, has challenged
Republican leaders "to deny that
they deliberately instigated" the
present Senate filibuster
Mr.. Green. saying that COP lead
ers of the Eightieth Congress were
practicing "evil politics. said they
had instigated the Southern Dem
ocrats filibuster over poll tax legis-
lation as "a political maneuver to
block action on necessary legisla-
ton
He told the State AFL conven-
ton that politics is the only one
possible reason" for Congress mac
ton now on initiation and housing.
He challenged Senator Taft, Re-
publican, of Ohio and other COP
leaders to deny that they were
trying to force adjournment Of
the special session without accom-
plishing single constructive
advance"
Evening star., 1948-08-04
NLRB Orders Election
For Roanoke Transit Line
By the Assoeioted Press

The National Labor Relations
Board yesterday extended its juris-
diction to cover a city transit line
at Roanoke, Va.
1t ordered an election among the
lines 60 employees to determine
whether they want to be repre-
sented in labor negotiations by
Local 1868 of the International As
sociation of Machinists, an inde-
pendent union.
The NLRB has authority over
firms whose business either Is part
of or affects interstate commerce.
Although the Roanoke transit
line operates only in that city, the
NLRB said its business affects COM
because it transports workers
of other firms engaged in interstate
commerce. The NLRB also said
that the transit line adjusted its
bus and streetcar schedules to serve
interstate rail and bus lines.
The fact that the local transit
company uses oil, gas and tires
brought to Roanoke from other
States also was cited as a reason
for asserting the NLRB's jurisdic-
ton.
The transit line is owned by two
concerns and the NLRB said the
companies asked that the election
be held.
Evening star., 1948-08-04
Body Of Lou SiIvers' Ex-Wife
Found in Bathiub al Home
BY the A.soeioted Press

BY the Assoeiotsd Prsss
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 4.-The
body of Mrs Lavonne Silvers, 81
estranged wife Of Lou Silvers, film
and radio musical director, was not
found until almost a week after
she died, detectives said.
Officers forced their way into
Mrs. Silvers' home yesterday and
found the body in bathtub after a
neighbor reported she had not seen
the 31-year-old woman for several
days.
Detective Capt. Jack Swan said
a number of tablets were found on
the floor of the bathroom. He said
he believed she had accidentally
taken an overdose of sleeping medi-
cine.
Mrs. Silvers' attorney, Raymond
Wallenstein. said she had been ill
for two years suffering from a brain
pressure and that she was subject
to "blackouts."
Capt Swan said she had not
drowned.
Mrs. Silvers obtained an inter-
locutory decree of divorce from her
husband last March.