davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-03-27
Russiu's Submarine Fleet

Navy Secretary Sullivan's disclosure at
the Capitol that submarines presumed to
be Russian have been seen several hundred
miles off our West Coast has disturbing
implications, although there is no apparent
reason to become unduly alarmed at the
development. 1t is disturbing news be-
cause 1t suggests that the Soviet Navy has
made good progress in building long-range
undersea craft of the German schnorkel
type. If so, 1t is not surprising that the
Russians are engaged in testing their
cruising and other qualities in the Pacific
or other free waters
BY agreement among the Allies, Russia
was given four Nazi U-boats of the XXI
type, for study and experimentation We
received two of this type. These 1900
ton, high-speed craft are equipped with
the schnorkel, a ventilating pipe which
permits submerged cruising for weeks with
out necessity of surfacing to recharge
batteries. Our naval authorities have said
that the Germans might have prolonged
the war indefinitely had they been able
to get any appreciable number of these
new ships in action before We day. In
addition to getting twice the number of
XXI U-boats that we did, the Russians
also came into possession of the German
U-boat yards where they were being built
with their STATS of technicians and skilled
workers. That is not ALL It is reliably
reported that in the yards were parts for
from fifty to more than hundred XXI
U-boats in various stages of construction.
1t is fair assumption that most, If not all,
of these ships have been completed by
now.
From these facts it may be seen that
Russia probably has a submarine fleet
greater than any in her history-and
Evening star., 1948-03-27
locoI Daylight Saving

Uniform daylight saving on country
wide basis is, as President Truman says,
much to be preferred to the present patch
work local-option arrangement. But The
Star does not share the Presidents opinion
that no daylight saving at all is better
than, for instance, partial observance of
the type proposed for Washington and
nearby Maryland and Virginia counties.
The regional system which was in effect
in this area: last summer proved to be
both workable and generally popular. This
year, If Congress gives the necessary au-
thority, the plan should work even more
smoothly than in the past, thanks to new
cooperative measures in Maryland and
Virginia Nearly all of Maryland will be
on daylight-saving time this year, under
the States community-option program.
Virginia's General Assembly recently au-
thorized Arlington and Fairfax Counties
and the City of Alexandria to join with
washington IN any plan that may be
adopted for the Metropolitan Area here.
Bills pending before Congress would en-
power the District Commissioners to insti-
tute daylight saving in the District if the
people OF Washington want it. Similar
authority was granted last year, with the
result that the public showed that 1t
was overwhelmingly in favor of more time
in the evening for daylight recreation,
gardening and other outdoor pastimes.
Congress should let the residents of Wash
ington decide this question for themselves.
If Congress should vote to put daylight
saving on national basis, so much the
better. But an all-or-none attitude by
Congress would deprive many communities
and regions of benefits which they have q
right to enjoy If they so desire.
Evening star., 1948-03-27
Some English Problems
Representative Kentish Housewife Tells How Families
Just Carry On in Austerty
By Maysaref Bomser

Editors Note: This article is an appraisal
By an EnglishiDomon of the difficulties
the compensGtionS-of ordinary liping in the
south OF England during the present period
OF reconstruction.
ENFIN, EYNSFORD, KENT, England
Even a housewife emerges from the kitchen
sometimes, although Of late, the Englishwoman
may begin to doubt it. There is a current anec-
dote illustrating this point. Betty was invited
to spend holiday with her little friend Molly.
Afterwards just as she was leaving for home,
Molly asked what she had most liked in her
house. oh" replied Betty, who was much
enamored of a certain saucepan rack, II like
that thing that always stands by the sink"
What q way to talk of my Mummy" ex-
claimed Molly. r.
Hard work and adversely are no doubt great
character builders, and austerity or no, we all
have to face them, but there must be certain
amount of leisure If the graces are to flourish.
Too much preoccupation with just making
ends meet devitalizes us, leaving us too tired
to pursue such culture as we should wish. The
charming, gracious ladies We all admire and
should like to be rely to great extent on
other peoples labor; and although, of course,
I do not mean to imply that no working woman
can be charming, it is indisputable that the
al 1C'C1 VI
1899. Many of the little courtesies of more COM
placent days have vanished. We are tired.
One Of the reasons for the great success of
oklahoma" at Drury Lane Theater London, is
I think, that we British are thrilled and exhil-
arated by the vigor and high spirits of the
American cast. 1t brings a tonic breath of
different world-a young, hopeful world, and is
great fun.
Students Odd Jobs.
Another unexpected import from the United
States has come to my notice lately. Although
1t has been quite usual, believe, in America
for young people to work their way through
college or some similar training, it Is q new
thing over here for boys and girls to take
holiday jobs" Formerly nobody would en-
ploy such short t-timers, but today adults as
well as children are able to help in various
capacities during vacation. My son went farm
ing last year, working early and late to save
the harvest. was touched and he was thrilled
when he handled me his first pay packet 'For
the housekeeping, Num-" This opulent gesture
inspired his young sister to cajole fruit
grower into hiring her as a plum picker. Un-
fortunately, enthusiasm for sampling the crop
led to her downfall and by the end Of the
Evening star., 1948-03-27
This and That
By Charles E. TrdceDell
HAy v-x% A HY~-r

ALEXANDRIA, Va.
Dear Sir:
"On Sunday we were driving down Mount
Vernon Memorial highway, and about half way
to Mount Vernon noticed very large bird in a
high branch of a tree on the river bank.
"At that point the road Is some distance
from the river, but the bird was silhouetted
against the sky so that we could see it fairly
we'll
"At first we thought 1t was big owl, and
also wondered If it might be a turkey Then
it moved and we could see 1t had q small
head.
Finally, my husband clapped his hands, and
at the sharp noise the bird flew down with
a slow sweeping motion.
I'VE were astonished at Its size.
Its wing-spread seemed to be to 6 feet,
and its body 8 feet or more in length
DO you think 1t could have been an eagle?
1t was very much larger than a buzzard.
Sincerely yours H. I. p"
Yes, 1t was an eagle
Many of them live along the Potomac, Just
as they did in George Washingtons day.
Two are seen here, the golden eagle, but
only as an accidental visitor from the North,
and the bald eagle practically permanent
Our correspondents bird probably was the
bald or American eagle.
1t breeds near Mount Vernon, and also up
around Great Falls.
Eggs sometimes are found. They are large,
cream colored, slightly rough to the touch,
Bald eagles are big ones. They have been
called many names, ranging from black eagle
and gray eagle to Washington eagle.
The latter name was given them by no
less birdman than the great Audubon, and
thereby hangs tale.
It happens that the immature bald eagle is
different In coloraton from, and considerably
larger than its parents
It's wing spread may be as much as a foot
greater.
Well when Audubon saw one of these young
sters, he thought he had run into q new
one, and named it Bird of Washington"
It was only years later that ornithologists
learned that the great one had been fooled.
The birds he had seen and named were
not new species. in any sense, but just chips
OF the old block!
It takes three years for the young OF the
bald eagle to reach maturity.
It is only during the first year that they
are larger than their parents O trait they
share with many other young birds.
The mature bald eagle, male, Is from 20
to 35 inches long.
The female is larger, being from "a to 4s
inches in length of body.
Both have wing spreads of from 61s feet to
tx feet overall.
Since the young forms may exceed the
spread by at least foot, it may be realized
what whoppers they are.
n
The general plumage of the adults is brown
The head and neck, and the tail are white.
In the immature birds the plumage is
mainly black. In the second and third years,
the head and neck still are black, with the
body turning brown.
This noble-appearing bird in f1ight-his
best aspects not much Of fisherman. He
mostly eats deads fish, or fish he compels
other more expert fishermen of the air to
drop. He sometimes will take rabbits, mice
squirrels, snakes, and upon occasion Q hen
OF even Q lamb.
Evening star., 1948-03-27
Easter Seals

very worthy charity is represented by
the Easter Seals sold annually at this
season of the year by the National Society
for Crippled Children and Adults and its
local branch, the District of Columbia
Society for Crippled Children, 1857 Massa-
chusetts avenue Northwest The money
obtained by the distribution of the at
tractive colored labels at penny each is
used to maintain and support the care,
treatment and rehabilitation of youngsters
who have been handicapped by illness or
accident. Many of the cases are spastic
in character. All are difficult to deal with
and expensive beyond general expectation
on that account
But the work Is marvelously fruitful
Perhaps simply because the children need
help desperately, the doctors, the nurses
and the teachers who minister to them
are exceedingly devoted and successful
The children commonly are members of
families economically unable to finance
the rehabilitation. 1t was to serve young
sters so situated that the national society
and its autonomous Washington branch
were established. The first Easter Seal
was issued in 1884. This years design,
showing little girl on crutches, with two
lilies held up in her right hand, was drawn
by 16-year-old boy, G. Don Ball, junior,
of Chicago. Copies of 1t in sheets of one
hundred for dollar have been mailed to
many District Of Columbia residents.
Those who have received them and not yet
remitted are urged to do so and those who
have not received them and wish to aid
are invited to telephone Hobart 8724.
Evening star., 1948-03-27
No Infallible Presidents
To the Editor of The Star:


Please permit me to thank Gould Lincoln
for his masterful article on Truman Gould
Still Halt Democratic Panic printed March 25
am opposed to Mr.. Truman on his uni
versal military service bill and I fear his
civil rights bill will bring no lasting good
effects. Nevertheless, 7 shall vote for Mr.
Truman and support him to the limit Of
my ability because believe it is so important
that we have Mr.. Truman In the presidency.
We may feel his administration has swerved
in some matters such as the Palestine issue,
but at least Mr.. Truman, had the honesty
of purpose to believe the Palestine problem
could be solved with world opinion behind It,
When he found it would not work he told
us so. A man in the presidency can 50 easily
be considered strong and purposeful by re-
fusing to change his position, even though
he may find himself wrong
No one ever claimed infallibility for Presi-
dent. In these trying times, why seem to
demand it? We know that no matter whom
we may get, we won't get infallibility. So
we must face the fact that in Mr.. Truman
we have . man who is for the laboring man.
He would like to see civil rights enforced and
his social program proves that he knows
the pitfalls of our democratic system. For
whom shall we change him?
GRETCHEN DAN CUNNINGHAM.
Evening star., 1948-03-27
Exploration of the Amuzon

A conference at Tingua Maria, Peru,
beginning on April 10, will consider plans
for systematic exploration of "the lost
world" of South America. Sponsored by
the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization, this new CO.
operative enterprise is to be launched by
delegates representing the United States,
the United Kingdom, France, Bolivia
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and
Venezuela. It's official designation will be
the International Hylean Amazon Insti-
tute. Five scientists are to direct the
preliminary labor In geography, biology,
Evening star., 1948-03-27

week she WAS obliged to spend q day or two In
bed. But she recovered and finished the lob,
earning enough to pay for her holiday camp
ing.
Mothers with young sons registered for con-
scription are holding their breath. ''Will he be
sent down the coal mines-on the land-to
Palestine?" What shall he do between school
and call-up?" Many the majority think,
would prefer to join the Raj, but selection
Is limited, so, as they see no immediate pros
pect of following their chosen careers, either
service or civil, and are unable to plan their
future, most Of these lads are Indifferent or
restless. Very careful handling is necessary
II they are to weather this difficult period sue
cessfully.
Woman's Lot Difficult.
The third part of the trinity-woman, the
wife-has, believe, an even harder problem to
solve than the housekeeper- cum mother. This
is how to keep her husband healthy in mind
and spirit as well as in body The constant
embargoes and Illustrations met with in busi-
ness and professional life are particularly
exasperating to the keen ambitious man who is
full of plans for the improvement of his bus-
ness or for the well-being of his fellows So
often his enthusiasm Is turned to bitterness,
and although his wife may realize the cause
of his nerviness or irritability, it is none the
easier to chase away.
We are committed to naturalization, and
even some of those who disagree with this
policy think of 1t as an experiment that must
be made in order to be proved undesirable.
Houses of a permanent type are growing up
in very small numbers round about the country
'side and are usually earmarked for local
workers. Larger numbers of "prefabs" have
spawned in many villages, some already becom-
ing overcrowded as new babies arrive or
widowed grandmas come to live. Womens
institutes flourish in our villages and, as each
crisis or emergency arises. can be relied upon
to take lions share in dealing with 1t. They
are on their mettle.
The petrol cuts have made us more than
usually stay-at-homes. But village drama and
music flourish; many instructional courses are
pursued clothes and household goods are ex-
changed on our stalls and ration-magic is
being wrought in order to contrive parties for
the children and the old folk.
Each morning we glance, rather apprehen-
sively, at the headlines of our meager news
papers to see what further blow is about to
fall, decide how to parry it-and just carry on!
Evening star., 1948-03-27
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

O. What American battleship was in action
for the longest period in any engagement Of
World War II?-H. w.
A. The U. s. S. New York, known for 81
years as the luckiest ship in the fleet, re-
manned in action at Okinawa for 76 consecu-
capital ship During this period the New
munition. some 55oo,Ooo pounds
@. How many passengers can be carried by
the largest commercial airplanes?-E D. 8.
A. The Constellation and the DC-6 airplanes
carry IS passengers each. The Boeing Strato-
cruiser has seats for 100 passengers However,
this plane is not yet in service.
@. Does the color of the eyes fade as one
grows older?-H. N.
A. According to DR.. Wingate M. johnson,
1.-THE color Of the eyes fades with advancing
years, especially in blue-eyed people. The
phenomenon is due to loss Of pigment In the
iris and no special significance is to be at
tached to It,"
Q. Is any known substance harder than the
diamond?-F X.
A. No such substance Is known All the
conventional methods of determining hardness
reveal that the diamond Is harder than any
of the elements thus far produced In sufficient
quantity and form to make a hardness meas
urement.
@. How many baseball players we're elected
to the Hall of Fame last year?-M. T. Y.
A. In January, l947, four were honored:
Pitchers Bob lefty Grove and Carl Hub
bell Catcher Gordon Mickey Cochrane and
Second Baseman Frankie Frisch. Pitcher Herb
Pennock and Third Baseman Harold (Pie)
Traynor were named in 194S.
@ Who WAS the first child born in the Whits
House?-J. A. s.
A. James Madison Randolph, grandson Of
Thomas Jefferson was the first child born In
the White House. His mother, Martha JET
ferson, was visiting her father at the time Of
his birth
Evening star., 1948-03-27
Presbyterians and UNIT
To the Editor Of The Star:

10 thS Eo1Ior OF Inc btSE:
Because of the wording Of a Philadelphia re-
lease. the impression has been given that the
Presbyterian Church, U. s. A., and as its
moderator, are on record against President
Truman's preparedness program.
Matters Of this kind can be decided only by
our General Assembly. and the leaders of the
church have no right to commit the church to
any policy.
Our last General Assembly did 60 on record
by divided vote against universal military
training, but conditions have changed radically
since then and do not know what the present
feeling of the church is. We cannot know until
the forthcoming meeting of General Assembly
in Seattle in late May.
WILBUR LA ROE, Jr.,
Moderator, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.
Evening star., 1948-03-27

charge for gas will be slightly more. OF course
all users of gas will benefit, willy -nilly.
Likewise, it is threatened, we shall soon have
Strauss waltzes to ride to work with-punctu
ated every fifteen minutes with you know what
Isn't this q wonderful, beautiful world to
live in? All over, mean. We have plenty of
money to spend on nonessentials. Let's shelve
the margarine tax cut, the Marshall Plan and
anything else that might help humanity and
pay more to ride public transportation so that
we can have beautiful music to lull us right
into the atomic age. Then we won't even hear
the airplanes coming to drop our bombs on us.
RUTH BAXTER WISE
Evening star., 1948-03-27
The White, the Pure

Noto Easter comes, clad all In Uhtte,
Haloed by shtmnaertng light. -.
She comes, silent pale-robed nun,
The Dhite, the pure, the Dirotn one
Like lily on its stem
She 1Dears an fDory diaden-
The cherry spills Its petaled sno,o
To light the path that she must 90,
While q radiance 6rims the air
And holiness spreads euerytchers.
Across q hushed, ndortng ,oorld
Her step falls softly, silDer-pearlsd.
MAE wINKLER GOODMAN.
Evening star., 1948-03-27
Confusion Over Palestine


the American people have "clear under
standing" of the position of the United
States in the United Nations regarding
Palestine. But the American people will
never have that clear understanding how
ever vital the need, as long as the admin
istration continues to base its Palestine
policy on wishful thinking rather than on
the harsh and ugly facts of the case
When the administration backed the
was motivated by wishful thinking 1t is
not correct for Mr.. Truman to say that "it
has become clear" that partition cannot
be carried out by peaceful means The
Arabs made it entirely clear when the
matter was before the Assembly that they
would oppose partition with force. But
our policy makers elected to ignore the
Arabs, preferring the vain hope that they
did not mean what they were saying; that,
in the end, they would not resist partition
Now we are in danger of repeating our
mistake, OF once. again permitting wishful
thinking to pull us deeper into the pit.
Our latest official position is one of advo-
eating United Nations trusteeship to
take over authority in Palestine after the
British relinquish their mandate on May
Is. And this position apparently rests on
the hope that the Arabs and the Jews
will accept a truce in Palestine under the
truSteeship.
This is more wishful thinking, because
an effective truce Is as improbable as
was Arab acceptance of partition. If we
put through the trusteeship plan in the
hope OF truce, but without hard and fast
assurance of truce, we will wake up a
few weeks hence to discover that once
again we have made ourselves the victims
of self-delusion.
The American people cannot acquire a
clear understanding of the Palestine ques-
ton when the President, while advocating
a trusteeship, refuses to say whether he
also advocates the use of American troops
to enable the trustees to function. That
Is not bridge which can be crossed when
we come to it, 1t has to be crossed now
If we are to have Palestine policy worthy
of the name.
The strong probability is that sooner
or later we will have to choose one OF two
alternatives with respect to Palestine.
The first is to turn away and let the
Jews and the Arabs fight it out The other
is to fix upon some settlement of the
dispute, and then to make up our minds to
send enough American troops to Palestine
to impose the settlement and make it
stick. II there is any other real alter
native 1t should be brought forward and
examined, for both of the suggested courses
hold threat of disastrous consequences.
But no feasible third course suggests itself.
We have projected ourselves into the
Palestine dilemma. and we might as we'll
make up our minds that there is no easy
way out. We also might as well make
up our minds that the storm is about
ready to break. That being so, there is
no virtue in the temporizing and stalling
that are the by-products of wishful think
ing. The President ought to settle on
policy that has been thought through, that
is based on facts rather than hopes, and
that can be put before the people in plain
terms Then they can acquire the clear
understanding that is needed, and accept
or reject the policy.
Evening star., 1948-03-27
ALLEGED Historical Errors


To the Editor of The Star:
In her letter published in The Star for March
%, Mrs. Jennie Esmond Wright, commenting on
the Constitutional Convention, writes: When
in 1887 the Constitutional Convention had
stalemated from May till September, it looked
as though nothing worthwhile would be accom-
plished. Some of the delegates had gone home.
Patrick Henry is reported to have stomped out
of the room saying: "A plague on both your
houses! Then Benjamin Franklin, called the
wisest man America ever produced rose and
declared: Mr.. Chairman, move that chap
lain be appointed, and that hereafter this
assembly be opened with prayer The motion
carried, a chaplain was appointed, and the con-
vention adjourned to Christ's Church, where
prayer meeting was held. Two weeks later
the delegates concluded their work giving us
the Constitution of the United states-the bull
wark Of our freedom"
But am fearful that Mrs. Wright's sources
are not trustworthy and in the interest of
historical accuracy 1 wish to point out: The
great Patrick Henry was not delegate to that
convention nor was he in attendance thereat;
DR.. Franklins motion was lost by adjournment;
q chaplain never was appointed; the conven-
tion did not adjourn to Christ's Church. or to
any other church, to a prayer meeting; DR..
\ Franklin's motion was made on Thursday,
June %, 1887, and the convention did not
adjourn until September II, 1787-three
months, minus 10 days, after DR.. Franklin's
motion was made!
The only official proceedings of the conven
ton are James Madisons journal which were
published by order of Congress in 1840 and
may be borrowed at the Public Library. My
facts are taken from that journal. With Mrs.
Apnoriron
must agree Our Constitution is "the most
wonderful work ever struck OF at given time
by the brain and purpose of man."
J. M KYLE
Evening star., 1948-03-27
Prince Georges School Advisers

Prince Georges School AdVIserS
70 ths Editor Of The Star:
The proposal to set up an advisory committee
Of representatives Of civic organizations to ad-
wise the Prince Georges Board Of Education
can only be interpreted as . means Of bringing
pressure to put the high budget across. 1t is
noticeable that no direct representative Of the
taxpayers is included. Why should the COM
mittee be limited to representatives Of civic
organizations?
A committee Of qualified educators and A.
nancial advisers if appointed by the County
Commissioners might accomplish something to
help the oveTburdened taxpayer.
HAROLD p. LAKKN.