davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Grand Jury 10 Get Case
Against Axis Sally Soon

The Department Of Justice will
waste little time building its case
against sultry-voiced Axis Sally
Gillars, the former Portland, Me,
girl accused Of selling her voice to
the Nazis for propaganda purposes
during the war.
A spokesman for the Department
said today the 30-year-old treason
suspect is due in Washington via
Army transport from Germany late
this week or over the week end.
The Government will begin pre-
senting its case before a Federal
grand jury almost Immediately after
her arrival, the spokesman said.
Miss Villars, who has been in and
out of custody In the United States
zone of Germany since the end OF
the war. Is accused OF directing her
propaganda hroadcasts to American
troops In a campaign to undermine
She was captured In March,
1915.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Woman Hiccuping 6 Months
Regains 7 Of 81 Pounds
BY The Associated Press

WAYNEsBURG, Pa, Aug. 49,
Pauline Lucas, 81, has regained Z
of the 81 pounds she lost in her
six-month siege of hiccuping.
Her nurses at Green County
Memorial Hospital reported yester-
day that Miss Lucas now tips the
scales at IS pounds, thanks to care
full dieting. Last week, her weight
was down from her normal 120 to 10.
Since she began hiccuping 178
days ago, Miss Lucas has received
thousands of letters and kilograms,
5000 of them in the last 10 days.
Some of the well-wishers sent
herbs, pills and various medicines.
Miss Lucas physician, DR.. A. j.
Blair, issued orders, however, that
none of these were to be tested by
his patient because no one was GER
tain what was in them.
Some of the remedies are of the
more familiar variety such as drink
ing water, holding a finger in one s
ear, and holding a lump of sugar
on the tongue. These Miss Lucas
has tried without success. At the
present she is hiccuping Is times a
minute.
They are as regular as clock
work." says DR.. Blair,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Gen. Randall! Is Appointed
To Embassy in Moscow

Brig. Gen. Russell E. Randall has
been appointed air attache at the
United States Embassy in Moscow,
succeeding Brig. Gen. Warren r.
Carter. who is returning to Air
Force headquarters here.
The Air Force announced today
that Gen. Randall, who formerly
was in the departments Directorate
of Intelligence, was ordered to Mos
COW in a routine reassignment.
Maj. Gen. Laurence C. Craigie
will become commandant of the Air
Force Institute of Technology at
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
Dayton, Ohio.
Brig. Gen. Donald L. Putt, now
deputy chief Of the Air Material
Command. will succeed Gen. Craigie
as director of research and develop
ment here.
The department also announced
that Brig. Gen. Clarence P. Cane, a
retired ofiicer, had been recalled to
active duty with the air inspectors
procurement division at Langley Air
Force Base, Hampton, Va.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Swedish Newspapers
Attack Red Attempt 10
Get Back Girl Refugee
BY the Asseciotsd Pres,

STOCKHOLM, Aug. 19.-The
newspaper Svenska Dagbladet said
today that Soviet representatives
here apparently want to repeat the
New York Kosenkina case, with l9-
year-old Lydia Makarova playing
the leading role In Swedish ver-
sion.s
The Makarova case Is attracting
wide attention in Sweden. Most
newspapers offered sharp editorial
criticism Of Russian methods in try
ing to persuade the girl-a Russian
citizen-to return to the Soviet
Union.
Human lives rate very low In the
Soviet Union" Svenska Dagbladet
said, adding: Lydia Makarova Is
considered q government possession
and as such she should be de-
manded back. To be q Soviet citizen
means to lack all legal rights against
the government and its organs"
Other Comment.
The Vestmanlands Laens Tidning,
one OF Sweden's leading provincial
newspapers, said Official Russian
interest in its citizens Is interest
unto death, indeed deadly"
The big Liberal newspaper Dagens
Nyheter headlined its editorial
Russian Manhunt." It said the
Russian argument to justify offlcial
interest in Soviet citizens was "ab-
sured" and added: THE Russians
have shown sovereign contempt Of
Western legal standards and rules
set up for decent behavior in a
civilized country"
The paper demanded that the
Swedish Foreign ONCE most en-
phatically impress upon members
Of the Soviet Embassy that they
work in a country where the meth
DDS applied by NKVD Russian
secret police) are considered to be
the height of lawlessness."
The Foreign Office said yesterday
that it had renewed its warning to
the Russians to keep away from the
girl. She has said she never wants
to return to the Soviet Union.
Interview Published.
The official Communist Party
newspaper Ny Dag published an in
terview with Soviet embassy official
who said the embassy only had tried
to contact the girl for her father, a
Red Army colonel. He denounced
press reports that the Russians are
trying to kidnap the girl and said
the embassy would TRY all official
means to deliver the letter from
Col. Makarova to his daughter"
Lydia, who lives at Dalaroe, out
side Stockholm, refused to see re-
porters yesterday. But her hostess,
Mrs. Folke Bigner, told the Stock
holms- Tidningen she had tipped of
the press about the incident in order
to get publicity for Lydia's scheduled
concert debut January %.
THE Russians nave unwittingly
helped her get publicity" the paper
commented.
The girl told the Dagens Nyheter
she had been considered a musical
prodigy in Leningrad and has con-
tinued her studies in Sweden while
working as a maid.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
CAB 10 Start Sessions
with Air|ines on How
To Reduce Losses
BY the Associated Press

The airlines, suffering from criti-
cal contraction Of bank balances,
undergo an exploratory examination
today by the Civil Aeronautics
Board.
Presidents Of the trunk lines
Chose operating more than local
services) have been called in for a
conference on what must be done to
bring costs and income into better
balance.
The major topic will be whether
to increase fares'by 10 per cent, as
the three largest transcontinental
lines propose.
Lost $22,o00,ooo Last Year.
But the airline heads seemed GER
tain to raise number Of other
questions: The problem of nom
scheduled operators cutting into
their business; the "dilution" of
traffic due to the fact that as many
as five airlines are in competition
between some points: the threat of
additional State gasoline taxes and
higher mail pay rates. 80
The alrlines lost about $22 900 900
last year. They are losing money
almost as fast this year, although
two 10 per cent fare increases have
been made in the last IL months.
The effective passenger fares of
50 cents mile now are Just slightly
above those of 194l, although costs
have increased between so and 70
per cent. Airmail pay rates for the
largest airlines now are less than
half what they were in 1941.
Most Seek Mail Pay Rise.
Most of the airlines have filed
petitions for higher mail pay.
Among the more obvious causes
Of airline financial troubles are the
costs of readjustment to peacetime
operations, including employee train
ing programs; the cost of new
equipment, coupled with half q
dozen disasters which rank among
the worst in the history of COM
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Draft Disobedience Drive
Called Off by Randolph
BY the kssoeioted Press

NEW YORK, Aug, ia. Philip
Randolph, Negro union leader, yes
terday announced abandonment of
his campaign for noncompliance
with what he termed the Jim Grow
draft law"
In a joint statement issued in be-
half of himself and Grant Reynolds,
Mr.. Randolph said the decision to
abandon the civil disobedience
movement against the draft was
based on belief that President Tru-
man intends to enforce his an
nounced plan to end military
segregation"
Mr.. Randolph, president Of the
AFL Brotherhood Of Sleeping Car
Porters, and Mr.. Reynolds had an
nounced formation CT the League for
Non Violent Civil Disobedience
Against Military Segregation. It's
purpose was to urge Noncompliance
Of the draft because 1t had no pro-
visions for elimination Of Jim
Grow"
Mr. Randolph said the Committee
Against Jim Grow in Military Serv-
ice would continue ''in a watchdog
role in order to monitor and police
the CPresidents) executive order"
At the same time, Bayard Rustin,
executive co-secretary of the league,
announced that important officials
of the league, plus key persons in the
movement from all over the coun-
try" would carry on despite the
announcement Of Mr.. Randolph and
Mr.. Reynolds.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Continued From First Page.

contained in a telegram from Mr..
Nixon to Mr.. Miller, said 1t was
imperative" that Peters be pro-
duced.
Mr.. Nixon announced last night
that three witnesses would be ques-
toned in executive session before
the end of this week. He said they
were men who knew both Mr.. Hiss
and Mr.. Chambers. $780,.
When Robert Stripping, chief COM
mittee investigator, identified these
witnesses today as Mr.. FRESHMAN,
Mr.. Abt and Mr. Witt, he was asked
If they would be questioned only on
what they knew about the Hiss
Chambers relationship.
May Be Asked Other Questions.
Mr. Stripping replied that they
would be asked If they knew George
Crosley. but indicated they also
would be asked other questions.
The appearance Of these three
men completes the roster of those
Mr.. Chambers named as leaders of
the Communist underground oper-
ating here in the '30s. Others on
the list-Henry Collins, Victor Perlo,
Donald Hiss, Alger Hiss and Charles
Kramer-previously appeared at
open sessions.
In preparation for the Wednesday
meeting, committee investigators
have been continuing their search
for corroborative evidence of what
Mr.. Hiss and Mr.. Chambers have
testified in open as well as secret
sessions.
Mr.. Hiss, according to committee
Investigators, said he gave Mr..
Chambers Tor Crosley) his 1929
Model A Ford and handed over the
title to the car.
Chambers Denies Gift.
Mr.. Chambers, according to COM
mittee investigators, has said Mr..
Hiss loazaed HIN. the car and didn t
make an outright gift.
Mr. Stripping said the committee
has been unable to find any record
of transfer of title from Mr.. Hiss
to Mr.. Chambers or Crosley.
Both Mr. Hiss and Mr.. Chambers.
according to the committee, agreed
that in the winter of l934-35 they
both lived for time in the same
apartment and then the Kisses
moved out and the Chambers family
remained. Mr.. Hiss, it was learned,
gave the address of this apartment
as 1881 Twenty-eighth street NV.
Committee investigators are known
to be searching for any record of a
suitcase. Mr.. Stripping would not
comment today on the latest results
of their efforts, but as of yesterday
check of real estate companies had
failed to turn up the lease, which
Mr.. Hiss repeatedly said was involved
in the transaction.
Mr.. Stripping was asked today
whether Mr. Hiss or MIR. Chambers
would be called first at the Wednes-
day session. He said that will de-
pend on subpoenas for other wit
nesses that are now out, but he
refused to reveal whether any of
those who are being subpoened are
at present Government officials.
Response Regarded as Refusal.
Mr. Hiss had agreed to let the COM
mittee know by today whether or
not he would be willing to submit
to a lie detector test in an effort
to resolve the s-Chambers con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

troversy. Although he said he
wanted to postpone his decision, the
committee appeared to regard his
response as a refusal.
Mr.. Chambers already has said
''unqualifiedly" that he would be
willing to take the test, Mr.. Strip
ling said.
The text of Mr.. Hiss registered
letter to Committee Chairman
Thomas follows:
IN the course of my testimony in
executive session the day before yes
terday Monday before the sub
committee at which you presided, I
was asked to reply to the committee
by today whether I would be willing
to submit to a lie detector' test to
be administered by a doctor, Le-
onardo Keeler, of Chicago. I was
informed that DR.. Keeier has what
is known as polygraph machine
and that in the committees opinion
he is the only individual interested
in lie detector' machines whose
methods have had broad accept
ance'
Mr.. Nixon said he had made a
study of the general subject in the
past two months and has confidence
in DR.. Keeler's machine as a device
which he thought might be helpful
in the circumstances. I also was
informed that Mr. Chambers is will
ing to submit to DR., Keelers meth
DDS of procedure.
Doubts Veracity of Detector.
LAS / told the subcommittee Mon
day when this question was raised
with me, two newspapermen in the
course Of last week had informed
me that the committee was giving
consideration to making such a
suggestion to me. AS a result of
these conversations, I had made
some cursory, and informal inquiries
into. the subject. You will recall
that I told the subcommittee Mon
day that my inquiries had not
been reassuring.
Both the scientific and legal ex-
perts whom I have consulted con-
firmed the impression which I. as
practicing lawyer, had obtained
some years ago that the scientific
validity Of mechanical tests for
veracity has most definitely not
been established by DR.. Keeler or
any one else.
Yesterday and today I have in
itiated further inquiries and again
the results to date have been uni
formly negative. My information
is that no Federal Court in the
United States relies upon any lie
detector' machine and that scien-
fists who. are most familiar with
psychiatric and emotional questions
repose no confidence in any me-
chanical device thus far developed
Cites Personal Factors.
Or. Keeler's machine, I under
stand, does record changes In GER
tain physical indices of emotion,
such as fluctuation in rate of per-
spiration, in rapidity Of heart beat,
in blood pressure, etc. 1t is not,
however, q lie detector.' The in
formation I have received thus far
Is further to the effect that the
reading of the record of any such
machine, INCLUDING DR.. Keeler's, is
necessarily a matter entirely within
the subjective discretion of the OPP
orator of the machine and IS not
capable of objective scientific check
by impartial observers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

I'm other words, only the deviser
of the test utilized In the operation
of the machine is able to interpret
the results. I am in addition In
formed that no Federal agency. in
GLIDING the Federal Bureau of In
vestigations, accepts the scientific
of any lie detector' ma
chine.
II am much impressed by the
committees statement to me on
Monday that it, on the basis Of It's
investigation, has confidence in DR..
Keelers machine. However, I be-
lieve that the committees sugges-
ton is unprecedented in congress
sional procedure. The matter is
therefore one of some general i'm
portance as we'll as of significance
to me as an individual.
Promises Answer Later.
Before reaching definite con-
clusion I think the Importance of
the decision warrants my obtaining
more searching and definite infor-
nation and opinion from legal and
scientific experts. 1t has not been
possible for me to obtain the results
of the inquiries I have initiated by
today. the date on which the COM
mittee asked for reply from me.
Under the circumstances I can
only say that I do not at present
feel in position to make final deci-
sion with respect to the committees
suggestion. I shall do my best to
expedite the inquiries I have under
way. H., ..H
I'm this connection I might men,
ton that the middle of the summer
when many people are, on vacation
is not the most favorable, time in
which to pursue such Inquiries with
dispatch. I shall communicate fur
Their with you as soon as I am In
position to speak with more Ger
tainty on this subject"
Nixon Sees Some Success.
Mr. Nixon said he believed the
committee has accomplished some
real results.
II think it's quite significant"
Mr.. Nixon said, that the FBI, in
eight years OF investigating the
case, never has been able to estab-
lish that these two men knew each
other.
I'VE asked the FBI for help when
we started, but We didn't get much.
I think this thing clearly proves the
need for congressional investigs-
tions"
Mr.. Nixon said he spent his time
in New York questioning persons
who knew Mr.. Chambers during the
Sos or know him now.
For the balance of the week." he
said. I'VE are going to hear In execu-
tive session all the witnesses who
have any possible connection with
this case and can testify to facts
and to the truth or falsity of the
controversy.
unfortunately there are very few.
I hope more will come forward. We
don't want any hearsay, however. +"
Asked If next Wednesdays hear
ing will prove once and for all
whether Mr.. Hiss or Mr.. Chambers
was telling the truth, Mr.. Nixon
replied, That's not our job. We
are going to allow the press and
public to hear both sides and make
up their minds which is telling the
truth. We will present the cor
evidence on either side"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Swiss Return After BIusts

GOEScHENEN, Switzerland, Aug.
10 (Pl.-The 800 residents of this vii
lage returned to their homes today
as explosions In the munitions depot
here grew weaker. The population
was evacuated yesterday when fire
touched of series of explosions
and threatened main stores In the
mountain redoubt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Russian Teachers
Continued From First Page

to the hospital from the consulate.
The department made public to-
day letter Mr.. Gross sent Justice
Dickstein after their conversation
yesterday. 1t said:
Pursuant to our conversation this
morning ! respectfully transmit to
you the position of the United
States Government concerning the
sttaus of Mrs. Oksana Stepanovna
Kosenkina, who is the subject of
an application for writ of habeus
corpus now pending before your
court.
1T is the view of the United States
Government that there is no basis
under international law or any law
of the United States for considering
that Mrs. Kosenkina Is in any man
ner subject to the control or au-
thority of the Soviet government so
long as she remains in this country
Russia Informed.
The Department of State already
has advised the Soviet Embassy that
Mrs. Kosenkina will not be placed
under control of any person against
her own will.
The department has also advised
the Soviet Embassy that, although it
recognized the right of the Soviet
government through its officials
abroad to extend all proper assist
ance and protection to Soviet ma
tionals, this right does not include
authority to take charge of Soviet
citizens In this country irrespective
of their wishes"
Written rejection of the Soviet
protests and demands appeared
largely a formality, aside from citing
facts developed in official investiga-
lions to back up what the Russians
already have been told verbally here
and in Moscow.
Ambassador Walter Bedell Smith
In Moscow categorically denied to
Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov last
week that American officials were
involved in illegal actions in the
cases of Mrs. Kosenkina and Mr..
and Mrs Michael Ivanovich Sama-
rine, other Russian school teachers
who do not want to 60 home.
Panyushkin's Demands Rejected.
Mr.. Panyushkin's demands for
custody of the Samarines were met
with the declaration that his as
sumptions they had been kidnapped
could not be accepted.
The State Department made clear
that Mrs. Kosenkina and the Sama-
rines had the right Of asylum as
political refugees and could stay in
this country if they wanted to.
The Soviets insist that the teach
ers. Who were scheduled to sail for
home July 81 after closing Of the
school for children Of Soviet U. N.
officials In New York, must return
to Russia. They refuse to admit the
teachers want to stay here, charg-
ing official American connivance in
an alleged White Russian plot to
kidnap them.
Mr.. Samarine has publicly re-
no,lnced his Soviet citizenship, de-
claring he and his wife would be
killed or imprisoned for life If they
returned t0Russia. Mrs. Kosenkins
has been quoted as saying in the
hospital that she doesn't even want
70 talk to Soviet representatives.
Mrs. KoA nkina's leap from tht
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

Consulate window came six days
after Mr.. Lomakin said he rescued"
her from White Russians.
Mr.. Lomakin renewed efforts yes
terday to see Mrs. Kosenkina, but
hospital authorities said no one
could visit her because Of her critical
condition. She suffered multiple
fractures in her leap.
The consul general was invited
last night, however, to send a sur
geon of his own choice to consult
on her case.
Temperature Rises.
She was putt In an oxygen tent,
the hospital said, when her breath
ing became somewhat labored" and
her temperature rose to 1884. She
also was given blood transfusions.
Her temperature remained at 1903
this morning,
| Mrs. Kosenkinas physician. Dr.
Grant Pennoyer, said he made the
offer to let Mr.. Lomakin name q
surgeon in a telephone conversation
last night, the Associated Press re-
ported from New York.
Mr.. Lomakin received the sug-
gestion courteously, DR.. Pennoyer
said, declared he was anxious to
confer personally with the physician
and agreed to a meeting today.
DR.. Pennoyer said he had. not
promised Mr.. Lomakin the doctor
he picked would be allowed to dag
nose. prescribe or even examine Mrs
Kosenkina.
Offers to Aid Surgeon.
He said he told the consul general:
we want you to know that we
are doing everything in Gods name
to help this woman. She is terribly,
terribly sick. We had to put her
under an oxygen tent today to make
her feel better. 3.
Perhaps, not being from our
country, you do not know just what
we do. Do you know a surgeon, one
who is fully qualified? If you will
send him over. we'll be glad to show
him all our records and X-rays, to
show the patients condition and
treatment, and consult with him"
At the consulate Vice Consul zot
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

I. Chepurnykh, voicing Indignation
that the Soviets had not been in
vited to send q doctor of their own
choice to the hospital before, said
Mr.. Lomakin was making arrange
ments to send zone, two, maybe
three American doctors"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19


day sale here
September 81.
T he stamps
central motif is
a palm branch
o n W h | ch is
superimposed a
five = p OF n t e d
S t ar. Inscrip-
I ms re-:
United States, :"
&c Id S t ar
Mothers" an d
&c Postage &C."
The stamp will
be "a by LA
inches in size
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

1t will be printed in sheets of so,
perforated An initial
issue Of $4,000. 900 has been ordered
about half the number customar-
lily manufactured in the case of
numerous earlier commemorative.
The color designated is yellow gold.
An appeal to make the stamp a
Gold Star Parents issue by includ-
ing the fathers of soldiers, sailors
and airmen who were killed was
rejected by the Post ONCE Depart
ment on the ground that Congress
had stipulated that mothers only
should be honored,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Fires Prime Minister ~
Soils for U. S. Soturdoy;;,

DUBLIN, Aug. 49, Fire Prime
Minister John A. Costello and his
wife will sail from Cobb on the Maui
retania Saturday for New York,
en- route to Canada. They will be
guests Of The Canadian Bar Asso.
citation and the Canadian governs
ment. 500 a.
The Costellos plan to spend two
days in New York before proceeding
to Ottawa. i%ff'7 S9o
7ers fss
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19
Gold Star Mothers Stamp
Described by Donaldson

Postmaster General Donaldson
today announced the description of
the Scent Gold Star Mothers COM
memorative stamp which is to be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

An oyster eaters club has been
organized in Bloemfontein. South
Africa.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

AIpostal rates In Ere have been
sub ntially increased.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-19

mercial flying; labor tsophlss and |.
inability to cooperate Successfully
to reduce terminal costs.