davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-02-13
HAMILTON and HAMILTON,
Union Trust Building.
Filed Jan. lg4S Harry n, Hull; clsr

United States for the District Of CO:
FHR Of RI5T eoIuSs G4hrAEs HxseuoI OF
Plaintiff. VS.. MARY z. D1LLER, ct al, De
ORDER OF PUBLIcATIoN.-The object
Of this suit is to construe the will Of
The INSTRUCTIONS Of, The Court with refer
ence, to the distribution Of the residue
ton Of the plaintiff iii It Is this 9Th day Of
known heirs and devisees of Ellen C.
Torrey, deceased, cause their appearance
TO be entered herein on or before the
atsr as ne day Of s rst nres
hereof, otherwise as to them this cause
will be proceeded with as in case of de.
fault; Provided, a copy hereof be published
twice month for three successive montns
in the Washington Law Reporter and IL
Test: HARRY n. HULL Clerk. BY
EDITH M. FOX, Deputy Clerk
ia9, 3,27,mh12.26
Evening star., 1948-02-13
SIMON r. McHUGH, Attorney.

oIsIRICT COuRT OF THE UNITED
Holding Probate Court.-No 7O562, Ad-
is to Give Notice: That
the subscribers. of the District of Collm-
of the District Of Columbia Letters
Testamentary on the estate of Edward
William Minte. late OF the District Of
Columbia. deceased. All persons having
warned to exhibit the same. with the
vouchers thereof. legally. authenticated,
to the subscribers, on or before the 3Oth
day of January. AID. 1949: otherwise
they may BY law be excluded from all
benefit Of said estate. Given under our
hands. this 30th day Of January, 1913.
Robert z. Minte, $500 14th St. NV;
Simon r McHugh, 536 Investment Bldg
(Seal) Attest: MELVIN j. MARQUES.
Deputy Register OF Wills for the District
of Columbia, Clerk of the Probate Court.
Evening star., 1948-02-13
LEONARD A. BLOCK. Attorney,
woodward Railding.

DISIEICT COUNT OF THE UNITED
States for the District of Columbia,
Holding q Probate Court. - Estate Of
Michael Kozak, otherwise known as Mike
Kozak, Deceased.-No. 7O497.-Adminis-
tration Docket. 14s.-Application having
been made herein by William w. Chambers,
Jr,, for letters of administration on said
estate. to. issue unto Leonard A. Block, 1t
Is ordered this 4th day Of February, AID.
I94S. that onyska Kozak, also known as
Aniska Antonovna ;Kozak, and Stefan
Kozak, otherwise known as Stephan
Kozak, and all others concerned, appear
in said Court on Monday, the 18th day
Of March. AID. 194S, at 1000 O'Clock
AM. to show cause why such application
should not be granted. Let notice hereof
be published In the Washington Law Re-
porter" and 1.-THE Evening Star once in
each Of three successive weeks before the
return day herein mentioned, the first
before said return day. Witness, the
Honorable. BoLrTHA. j., LAWS. Chief
Justice Of said Court, this 4th day Of
February, A;D 94s. lseal) Attest:
THEODORE COGSWELL, Register of Wills
for the District of Columbia. Clerk of the
Probate Court, fe6,13.2O
Evening star., 1948-02-13
MCKINNEY, FLANNERY g. CRAIGHILL,
ATTORNEYS. HihhS Building.

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE
United States for the District of Co.
lumbia. Holding Probate court.---Estate
Of MoRRIs Levy doo DeeeassdnAdminis, n
American Security and. Trust Company,
deceased. having reported to the Court
that pursuant to decree passed in the
decedents real estate. to wit: Lot s67.
Square 1853, improved by premises 4457-
50 Macarthur Boulevard. NV, in the
City of Washington, District of Columbia,
for the sum of Seventeen Thousand Dollars
($17,000.00) all cash, subject to broker S
commission of 90 and subject, to the
this 10th day yr,4 Of f., February. I94s; AD.
the said sale be. and is hereby ratified and
confirmed by the Court, unless cause to
the contrary be shown on or before the
26th day of February 194S. provided a
copy of this Order be published once in the
Washington Law Reporter and once in
The Evening Star, at least ten days prior
10 said last mentioned date. MATTHEW
F. MCGUIRE. Justice. (seal.l A true Copy.
Attest: MELVIN J. MARQUES, Deputy
Register of Wills for the District Of Co.
lumbia, Clerk of the Probate Court.
Evening star., 1948-02-13
JOSEPH T. SHERIER, Attorney,
lAAl l5fh Sfraef N w


DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED
States for the District of Columbia,
Holding Probate Court.-Estate OF
Edward P. Stanley, Deceased.-No. 70538,
Administration Docket DISQUALIFICATION
having been made herein for probate of
the last will and testament of said de-
ceased, and for letters testamentary on
said estate, by Robert C: Marshall, IT Is
l94s, that Charles H. Stanley. non-resi-
dent, and all others, concerned appear in
said Court on Monday, the 22nd day Of
to show cause why such application should
not be granted. Let notice hereof be
published in the Washington Law Re
porter" and THE Evening Star" once in
each of three successive weeks before the
return day herein mentioned, the first
publication to be not less than thirty days
before said return day. witness, the
tice of said Court, this 11th day Of
February. AID. 194s. (sealD Attest:
THEODORE COGSWELL, Register OF Wills
for the District of Columbia, Clerk of
the Probate Court. te13,20,27.
Evening star., 1948-02-13
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES,
BUSINESS.
= DDFc SMEN

LITHodRAPH PREssMEN. Apply, Al
81 IlIh Ii St NV RE 7l9l;t D IN: op.ninss
law real estate, ms, etc: very interesting
openings now. Free registration: always
good openings, You are cordially gslcome.
2I1S. PERSONNEL SERVICE. 1911 g st.
NV. next TO church. -
AMBASSADOR EMPLOYMENT SERVICE.
1424 K st NV, suite 20s-9. 81: 74l5
Bookkpr., Rem Rand, days ------- ~
Inv. elk, some tipping, days ------- ~
Typists AZ AZ
Cashiers, days ------------- 3u
General office clerks -----------,, %
taria-stenographers needed for al
types of ORGANIZATIONS $4,000 UP
ment Open 9-5 Sat. 10-1.
Evening star., 1948-02-13

Continued on Next PaSs)
Evening star., 1948-02-13


SECURITY GSS5 STORAGE CO, ii4o 18TH st
PHARMACIsT, for prescription work; good
sssa0i wf.: GOOD hours H1ddERs DRUG, 5Sli
ffhna ffaaRMxc1sr. Masxec;1sr Virginia. REGISTERED. gen.
Va Va. STATE s1 qualifications. BOX s4.o. Star
PLAsTERERs. white: open shop. Good
pay, s2a dsy A long job. Call After
PPLtG%BEks, three, nrst-elass. RA aSss
PORTER, colored. must be well recon-.
mended; bring references. H. ABRAMSON
CO: 1889 7th st. NV. Lly
'Slstea fss ABBY Da 1iea
PokrsaiT 81 RstHseR REfoTeHEk II fRd a sap.r HARRIS
RADIO INSPECTOR, age 20 to 35. for
electronic equipment manufacturer; Navy
| radio materiel school training desirable
fds t9sDeften sSPsFe9ss 81 rea Aep,
NOLOGY. College Park, Md. -15
REAL ESTATE SALESMAN and property
manager; man with exper. preferred; excel
permanent connection; salary and commits.
irm slun sas snd members Se HH Of washington Res1
Esss IsaTE Bsa1d Wsts sSz NE sfaF opDor
for ambitious man with car, starting out
with lge. group of new homes. Prefer
Arlington man. LURIA BROS. GIL. 3166
REAL ESTATE sALEsMEN-opening fol
men with car who are willing to work
Apply 12-2 pm. ASSOCIATED INVEST
MENT CO.. 471o Annapolis I'd, Biadens-
ZEAL ESTATE Statesmen, experienced. to
work with one Of Washington'S most pro-
gressive companies. Apply sales manager
AD. 0021. SHOCKEY q MOORHEAD,
REAL ESTATE statesmen -. Established
firm with more than 800 new homes lined
up for spring selling: $6,0O0.000 In sales
last year: real opportunity for full-time
statesmen; car essential; strictly commits
sion basis Replies held in stfictest con-
hdenee. Write full personal details. Box
26S-G, Star. Id
RETAIL TAILORING, smart young man
or veteran wanted to learn salesmanship
prospects. LOUIS a. DAN BROWN. LTD.
S12 I4th ut, NV, RE, 1896. Ia
Evening star., 1948-02-13

SITUATIONS MEN and WOMEN.
MAN AND WIFE desire ianitor quartera
Ii 4465 16s
Evening star., 1948-02-13
CLASSIFIED AD RATES

Advertisements under Personal
md Special Notices, SC per line
additional.
Evening star., 1948-02-13
INSTRUCTION COURSES.

MODERN TRAINING IL, peaut, culture, al
subjects taught. Approved BY Government
for OF training. WAR-FLYNN BEAUTY
COLL ,E(SE 1910 @ St NV, OIL. 1862.
Evening star., 1948-02-13

and installation Of duct work for warm
air heating. Must be capable Of han
ding men. Good salary. Do not telephone.
Apply to A. P. Mergardt between 10 and Q,
AMERICAN HEATING CO., So K st. Sc.
Evening star., 1948-02-13

statesmen. colored, full or part time, to
sell membership in an organization; earn
up to $50 weekly, commission basis only.
Also tickets to the Battle Of Gospel
1 p.m p.m. ABBY In person. a Sa5 % 18th h. st. a.
Evening star., 1948-05-04

Right to Acquire Property.
The close relationship between
of the Civil Rights Act and the 14th
Amendment was given specific rec
Evening star., 1948-05-04
Property Trusteeships Seen
As Racial Covenant Substitutes

First reaction to the Supreme
Court decision Gripping restrictive
covenants pointed today to con-
servation agreements" and "trus-
teeships" as possible successors to
the home owner pactS.
This was the long-range effect ex-
pected by some real estate dealers
title insurance experts. attorneys anc
others studying the unanimous
opinion holding that racial cove
nants are not enforceable in the
courts,
Real estate dealers were divided
In assessing the possible economic
effects. but most agreed that the
border" areas, those where white
and colored neighborhoods now
met, would be most likely to de-
terlorate in property value.
Trusteeships Are Possibility.
Most experts agreed the Supreme
Court left nothing to the imagina-
ton in declaring the state would
not lend its authority to perpetual
ing agreements held in viola ation of
the Civil Rights Act of 65 years ago.
The possibility of trusteeships to
replace covenants was raised bv
William c. Taylor and Mrs. Charles
Collins, attorney members of the
Dupont Circle Citizens Association.
I think that our property can be
protected by a trusteeship in which
the trustees would have legal con-
troll of the property owned by all
members of the trust" Mr.. TAYLOR
said. Mrs. Collins agreed that a
solution might be found along
those lines.
1t was believed that deeds would
not be volded or titles Clouded by
the action.
Could Clear Sales.
The principal difference in prac-
tice would be that title companies
could clear all sales without con-
sidering whether a prospective buy
er is white or whether the resi-
dental property in question is
covered by covenant.
Specifically, Supreme Court ban
on court enforcement of covenants
in the District means that the
colored people who bought the
houses in the 100 block of Bryant
street may keep them and live in
them. Attorneys explained also
that, as practical matter, several
other suits pending in District Court
In an effort to void sales of cove
nanted property to Negroes would
be dropped
Adopting wait and see" atti-
tude, real estate dealers and others
noted that an owner could still sell
or refuse to sell property as he saw
fit. But if he sold hitherto cove
nanted property to a colored person,
the sale could not be blocked by
court injunction asked by 9ther
Evening star., 1948-05-04
Boy, 9, Finds His Mother
And Man Slain In Home
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

DUBLIN, Ga, May IA 9-year-
old boy returning home from school
Yesterday found his mother shot to
death, her body blocking the front
door.
A few feet away was the body Of
man. a bullet through the head.
Nearby was .3S-caliber pistol.
Deputy Sheriff Judson jackson
said the two were Mrs. Grady Cul-
lens, about 30, and Doy Joiner,
about "a, members OF prominent
families.
The deputy added that Mrs. Cul-
lens son returned from school but
could not get into the house be-
cause the door would not open. He
looked through a window and saw
the bodies.
The lads father, Grady Cullens,
was summoned. He crawled through
the window to verify the tragedy.
The Cullens and joiner families
had shared duplex house. Joiner.
the deputy sheriff reported. was
divorced last week
Evening star., 1948-05-04

forcement Is against the due process
clause of the 14th Amendment and
Federal Court enforcement in the
District is against the Civil Rights
Act of 1855.
Chief Justice Vinson wrote the two
opinions. A 20-page opinion over
ruled Michigan and Missouri Su-
preme Courts that upheld covenants
in Detroit and ST. Louis. A 10-page
opinion overturned the United
States Court of Appeals here which
by a two-to-one vote last May up
held covenants on dwellings, in the
100 block of Bryant street NV.
Justice Miller and Clark sustained
the original ruling Of District Court
Justice Let's in favor of the cove
nants. Justice Edgerton. In dis
senting, raised the issue that coven-
ants could not be legally enforced
by courts.
Evening star., 1948-05-04
9 6. 0. P. Senators Meet
To DISCUSS Party Policy
By the kssoeioted Press

by fhe <SSoctoted FfeSs
Nine Republican Senators who
want to keep the party's national
convention from doing anything
"reactionary" or "isolationist" met
last night. but they kept to them
selves what strategy they might
have devised
Senator Baldwin of Connecticut
was host to the others at a dinner
meeting
The primary interest Of the nine,
one Of them has said. Is not so much
in presidential candidates, but in
issues.
we want to do what we can to
make certain that the Republican
Party doesn't take any backward
steps on either domestic or foreign
issues" this Senator said.
Others at the dinner beside Sen
ator Baldwin were Senators Know
land Of California, Ives of New York
Gurney OF South Dakota, Salton-
stall Of Massachusetts. Smith Of New
Jersey. Thye of Minnesota. Flander,
of Vermont and Lodge of Massa.
chusers.
Evening star., 1948-05-04

property owners. Nor could he bt
held subject to any penalty such a,
the $1,000 specified In the Bryan
street covenant.
With covenants nonenforceable
1t was explained. former covenant
holders might turn to "communit,
conservation agreements, Thi.
plan has made headway in variou,
cities, especially Chicago. and re.
portedly is proving satisfactory tc
both sides in the covenant contro.
verSy.
. Under a conservation agreement,
a group Of owners promises to main.
tain certain Standards of use fol
their residential properties. Such
standards would require, for in
stance. that each house be limited
TO certain number of families. that
it have adequate sanitation facilities
and that it be maintained in good
condition.
A leading opponent of covenants
here sale restrictions based on race
or similar considerations do not
protect property from deterioration
Conservation agreements might
prove more effective and at the
same time overcome legal and pub
lie policy objections to racial dis
elimination, he declared
Half of Residential Area Affected.
As to the percentage of District
land covered by covenants, District
officials IS we'll as Washington Real
Estate Board Spokesmen and others
give only general and often widely
varying estimates.
An unofficial survey by the Fed
Grafton Of Citizens Associations in
dicated that about half of the resi-
dental area of the city is covered
by covenants.
This, however, is comparat lively
small part of the District. District
tax and zoning officials and the
. recorder of deeds Office note that
the Federal Government controls
about so per cent of the area.
( About 20 per cent of the remain
ing is classified generally for busj-
ness. The other 80 per cent is
largely residential, but it has many
shopping centers Many dwellings
also are in buildings occupied by
ground-fo stores.
The greater part of "old Wash
lngton," the area roughly south OF
Florida avenue and including
Georgetown, is not covenanted
Covenants blanket most other Sec
tons, particularly the Northwest
and most subdivisions developed in
the last 20 years. officials explained
It would be "a tremendous job to
determine the exact number and
extent. they declared. The great
bulk of covenants apply to rela-
lively small areas, sometimes only
few blocks.
Evening star., 1948-05-04
Covenants
Continued From First Page.

the issue cautioned. however. that
there was no cause for panic" as
a result of the Supreme Court de-
cision.
Solicitor General Philip B. Perl
man, who last January took part
in the Supreme Court oral argu-
ments and opposed covenants. re-
fused to speculate today on whether
yesterdays decision meant that
covenants excluding persons on re-
ligious grounds were also rendered
unenforceable by the courts.
The National Association for the
Advancement Of Colored People de-
scribed the decision as blow
against segregation"
Real Estate Association mer
voiced no alarm. Robert T. Fur
man. jr.. vice president of the Ma
tional Real Estate Clearing House
said In New York:
People will and are entitled tc
choose their associates and will con-
tinue to do so. 1t need not be 9
matter OF law. Any good real estate
broker endeavors to locate hi
clients where they will be happy
and he does not consciously detract
from neighborhood by INTRODUCING
either an undesirable structure OF
resident"
Three Jurists Disqualified Selves.
Attorneys and other active here ir
the fight against covenant praised
the decision variously as means
of checking Communism, strength
ening the American form of Gov
ernment and advancing the posi-
ton Of the United States in worlc
affairs.
Associate Justices Reed, Jackson
and Rutledge did not take part in
the consideration of decision of the
covenant cases. At the time of the
oral arguments they disqualified
themselves but gave no reason
It was reported that Justices Jack
son and Rutledge may have stepped
down because they live in homes
IN COVenated areas.
Not Legally Enforceable.
The decision of Chief Justice VIM
son and Associate Justices Black
Frankfurter, Douglas, Murphy and
Burton dealt with court enforce
ability of covenants. 1t held that
covenants, standing alone as private
agreements. do not run contrary tt
law.
But to all practical purposes
covenants are now imperative be-
cause the high court ruled Federal
and State courts cannot legally
enforce them by injunctions OF
similar judicial orders.
The Supreme Court opinion die
not pass specifically on further
claims that the individuals were
deprived of property without due
process Of law or denied privileges
of citizens of the United States.
The court judged that the 14th
Amendment to the Constitution
and the Civil Rights Act of 1866
applying especially to the District
prohibit State and Federal courts
from acting to deny citizens equa
protection of the laws and equa
rights to acquire and hold property
Essentially Government Action.
| 1t stated that court enforcement
is essentially Government action
1t declared that in the case Of GOV
enant restrictions on the basis o
race or color, such State court en-
Evening star., 1948-05-04

ton By IL with the same power, ana
autnortty. and with like effect, as Il
f saqss has writ seeq 81 esES4 erUnss there
! The power of the Federal courts
to enforce the terms of private
agreements is at all times exercised
subject to the restrictions ana iimi.
tations OF the public policy Of the
United States as manifested in the
Constitution. treaties, Federal stat
utes. and applicable legal prece-
dents.
! Masehany y; United States, sa4 q g.
Gases ca 90 lssn Ws 4ss eng les Sc usss tssp'' Tar
Where the enforcement Of privats
agreements would be violative of
that policy. it is the obligation OF
courts to refrain from such exertions
of judicial power.
CT. Kennett v. Chambers. IA How.
ss tls5el: Tool Co. '; Norris . Wall.
val val III III iis4ss} osesnyan sssi "a caid p Arms
Co, io3 y. S: :6l dssD: Burt Y.
Y, 6, 3s2 ueo2); ssse v, Hsmpe, s35
Texas isSs, i Paclhc R. CO" Co.. ieI 9 9. s 4ea
We are here concerned with ac-
tion of Federal courts of such
nature that If taken by the courts
of a State would violate the pho
hibitory provisions of the l4th
Amendment. Shelly v. Kraemer,
supra. 1t is not consistent with the
public policy Of the United States
to permit Federal courts in the Ma
tlon'S Capital to exercise general
equitable powers to compel action
denied the State courts where such
State action has been held to be
violative of the guaranty of the
equal protection of the laws.
,scf. Gsndolfo v. Hartman. 4sF. 1s1.
1S3 lS92).
We cannot presume that the pub
lie policy of the United States mani
tests lesser concern for the pro-
lection Of such basic rights against
discriminatory action of Federal
courts than against such action
taken by the courts of the States.
Reversed.
! Mr.. Justice Reed, Mr.. Justice
(
took no part in the consideration
or decision of these cases.
Frankfurter's Opinion.
The concurring opinion OF JUS
tice Frankturter tollous:
In these cases, the plaintiffs ask
equity to enjoin white property
owners who are desirous of selling
their houses to Negro buyers simply
because the houses were subject to
an original agreement not to have
them pass into Negro ownership.
Equity is rooted in conscience. An
injunction is, as 1t always has been.
IAN extraordinary remedial process
which is granted, not as matter
of right but in the exercise of a
sound judicial discretion" Morri-
son V, Work, 266 U. S. 481, 400. In
good conscience. 1t cannot be "the
exercise of sound judicial discre-
ton" by a Federal court to grant
the relief here asked for when the
authorization of such an injunction.
by the States Of the Union violates
the Constitution-and violates It,
not for any narrow technical reason,
but for considerations that touch
rights so basic to our society that,
after the Civil War, their protection
against invasion by the States was @
safeguarded by the Constitution. ,
This Is to me sufficient and con- ,
elusive ground for reaching the
Courts result. ,