davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19
Textile Workers
Scores Gains
In New England

Boston LPA) The United Tex
tile Workers-AFL have chalked up
wage gains in the New
England woolen mills this month,
reports from a number Of local
unions reveal. Pay and welfare
fund boosts going as high as 17c
an hour have been reported.
Local 1917, union Of wool
handlers, has won strikes against
five companies resulting in wage
and welfare benefit increases aver
aging tic an hour, retroactive to
February.
The local has succeeded in estab-
fishing an average wage Of $1.3o
an hour for its unskilled members
the highest rate for laborers in
the textile industry. Vacation bene-
fits have been extended so that
most companies under contract
with Local 1917 give one weeks
paid vacation after six months of
employment. Improved sickness
and disqualification benefits under
Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans
have also been won.
Local 261S, which represents
workers in the wool sorting shops
has gained a 15c hourly wage hike
for its members, bringing the sort
er's minimum pay up to s1.65 an
hour. New insurance programs, in
cluding $1,000 company paid life
insurance policies for all workers,
are also provided in the new con-
tracts.
UTW's international executive
board is meeting in Washington
this week to hear reports on its
southern organizing and wage
campaigns. The board is also ex-
pected to call for the defeat in
November of Congressman who
ignored President Truman's pleas
for anti-inflation legislation at the
special session of Congress.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19
Employment OF Women In June

Washington, D. c. (ILNS)-The
Census Bureau says that the num-
Der of women in the civilian labor
force in June exceeded that of any
month since August, 1945. 1t ex-
ceeded the number reported in
March, 1910 by nearly 5 million,
number only slightly smaller than
the increase in the woman pOpula-
ton IA years old and over.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19

foreman "starts to drive the pris-
oners to the gates, pulling them
off their hunks if necessary. Natur-
ally this does not occur without
blows" If a prisoner refuses to
work, his food is cut and he is put
in a confinement cell or dungeon.
Their work consists of building
canals, roads and railroads, lumb-
ering, mining, quarry, farming,
contraction, metal industries and
many other types of work.
The death rate is very high, due
to undernourishment, disease and
exhaustion. The personnel of the
camps must therefore be constant
ly replaced, a reason for ruthless
seizure of persons believed to be
socially dangerous.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19

Consider the word "they"-per-
haps the most impersonal word in
our language, used to describe un-
told numbers Of otherwise uniden-
titled persons.
"They" ought to fix the road.
"They" ought to serve better
meals.
"They" are warmongers.
"They" ought to be shot.
Who are "they"?
"They" are spending too much
money in Washington.
"They are bunch Of crooks.
Usually we let it go at that.
"They" are to blame for most of
the ills Of world and for some Of
the good.
But it's all very impersonal.
"They" remain vague and shadowy.
1t might be good idea to have
an identify They" week, in which
we would, in every case, say ex-
actly who we mean and in which
we would avoid clouding any per-
son or group under vague and
meaningless pronoun.
1t means something if we first
made the group in specific terms,
using the word "they" only after
such Identification.
AS, for example, 'Mr. Taft and
Mr.. Hartley gave their names to
the Taft Hartley Act and by so
doing they fathered a lemon of
particularly sour and unsavory
nature"
1t is easy to say that when we
say "they" everyone knows who
we mean, but that merely gives US
another word too often used out of
turn. Everyone" doesn't know, be-
cause the word everyone" actual
ly is all-inclusive, meaning every
last persona complete and final
summation of the whole popula-
tion.
What it all comes to is a form
of immaturity in our thinking.
Loose definitions cannot fail to
mean loose thinking, resulting in
fuzzy conclusions.
"They" surely did an amazing
job when "they" made the atomic
bomb, but "they" did it through
the use of precise detail and the
most exacting computation. No
thing in connection with that job
was identified as "they". Nor as
"those" or them"
We can be quite sure that Glad
stone, Disraeli, Washington and
Lincoln had no vague "they"
groups in their thinking.
This nation has reached a point
in its history when it must have
the utmost clarity in its thinking,
when it must put away childish
methods in its brain processes.
In all of this there is something
akin to the juvenile custom of re-
ferring to all men and women as
boys" and "girls", even though
hey may be doddering toward SEN
lity.
Our nation faces grave peril and
t will face that peril until we have
lear and final proof that Russia
doesn't mean war.
We must have clear, vigorous
md informed thinking. These are
10 la-de-da days.
Each of US can contribute in
some measure to right national
by clearing up his own
which means seeking
proven facts, identifying them with
.xactness, refusing all fuzzy terms
md keeping clouded and uncertain
words out of action.
This may seem like simple
hing, just as the comment may
eem carping and unimportant. 4
But if you will multiply an un-
IDENTIFIED "they" by million times
day you may change your mind.
Anyway, let's try thinking, just
or a day, without letting the word
they" intrude upon US. Try it and
ee what happens.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19
AFL ELECTRICAL WORKERS
WIN AT WESTINGHOUSE

Beaver, Pa. QLNS)-The Inter
national Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers won the right to represent
the employees of Westinghouse Elec-
trio Corporations standard control
division plant here in a National
Labor Relation Board election. The
vote was 265 for the IBEW and
215 against it. The United Electri-
cal Workers, CIO, campaigned
against the AFL union but could
not have a place on the NLRB bal
lot because it's officers refused to
sign non-Communist affidavits.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19
Comment On World Events

Why don't the Russian teachers
who have been so much in the news
recently want to go back to
Russia? Quite likely it is because
they fear they might be consider
ed Socially dangerous" and sent
to a concentration camp.
Among those considered by the
Russian dictatorship as Socially
dangerous" are persons who have
seen the higher living standards
enjoyed by workers in capitalist
countries outside Russia's borders.
A brief account of working and
living conditions in the concentra-
tion camps makes it plain why the
teachers don't want to run any
risk of being sent to them.
At each corner of the barbed
wire enclosure which surrounds,
the camp is a watch tower equip
ped with revolving search light and
machine gun and manned constant
ly by a guard. The prisoners sleep
in barracks, on bare board shelves
arranged in 2 or 3 tiers, with no
bedding. An iron trough supplies
water for washing and buckets are
furnished for refuse = the only
toilet facilities available for some
800 persons in each barrack. Cracks
between boards in the walls let in
the cold in winter, and the iron
stoves heat only a radius of 5 or 6
yards, leaving the rest of the build
ing frigid. This causes acute suffer-
ing in northern winters.
The general food policy is to
keep prisoners in state of semi
starvation and by holding out
hopes of slightly better food give
them an incentive for doing more
work. A "norm" is set for the
amount of work to be done during
the day, and prisoners are fed ac-
cording to their accomplishments.
Rations differ from camp to camp.
In European camps in the sum-
mer of 1941-1942 the following is
First cauldron. (those
who failed to achieve the norm,
day laborers around the camp,
second class invalids): Thin soup
twice a day, and 400 grams IA
oz.) of bread. Second cauldron
(full norm and office workers):
Thin soup twice a day, 700 grams
(1.54 lbs.) of bread, bucllwheat in
the evening. Third cauldron (those
achieving Is to rs percent above
the norm): Soup twice day, 600
grams e lbs.) of bread, buckwheat
and a small piece of meat or fish
N the evening. Governing staff:
$50 grams GIGS lbs.) Of bread, and
4 meal twice a day containing some
neat or fats. Sick persons received
4 meal times day containing
fats, and 700 grams (1.5 lbs.) of
bread. Those achieving more than
IS percent above the norm may
,uy an extra half to three-fourths
If pound of bread.
The prisoners work is often sew
raj miles from camp; they must
walk for / or more {
hours besides working 10 to IL {
lours. They are organized in bri- /
,ades of 20 to 80 men under mill
ary guards, and if a brigade fails t
o accomplish its norm the entire {
,roup may be forced to work 36 {
ours continually to make up the !
oss. About a. M, according to S
ne authority on the camps, the 9
y -
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19
Maritime Unions
Threaten Strike.
DeadIine Nears

New York (LPA)-Strikes tying
up virtually all shipping from this
country continued to threaten this
week, as the September 2 deadline
for the lifting of an 80-day Taft
Hartley injunction, restraining sew
eral unions from striking, drew
nearer.
There was no sign that a west
coast strike would be averted when
the Waterfront Employers Assn
of the Pacific Coast last week made
what they said was a final offer of
5c-an-hour wage increase to the
Int'l Longshoremen and Ware
housemen's Union. ILWU Presi-
dent Harry Bridges said the offer
was part of package deal, condi-
toned on the union taking a cut
in other provisions. He said he ex-
pected the membership would re-
ject it when they met on August
I20.
There is a strong possibility that
a west coast strike would be ac-
companied by a wildcat strike on
the east coast led by the Commun-
list minority in the National Mari
time Union. The biggest beef when
the strikes were originally threat
ened was an attempt to keep the
union hiring hall, keystone of the
maritime unions, which the ship
owners claim is illegal under the
Taft Hartley Act. Now however,
the Commies, anxious to sabotage
the ECA program, have announced
that they will not compromise on
wage demands. NMU President
Jospeh Curran, while adamant
about not wanting to appease the
shipowners, wants to avoid a strike
if it is at all possible.
A contract between the Int'l
Longshoremen's Association-AFL
and the Atlantic & Gulf Coast op-
orators expires this week. lila Pre-
sident Joseph Ryan says that if no
agreement is reached he will call
his $4,000 dock workers out on
strike thereby tying up all of the
and Gulf coasts. Before
such a step was taken, however, I
President Truman would appoint
a board of inquiry which would re-
commend a Hartley injunction
postponing the walkout for 80
days. Ryan would respect a gov
ernment restraining order but he
warns that the Communist minor
ity within his union is considering
a wildcat strike.
The Marine Engineers Beneficial
Assn last week completed the pic
ture by turning down a $5-a-month
wage increase and higher overtime
by the Atlantic and Gulf
Operators. T.
If the strikes materialize they
will tie up the first general cargo
shipments under the European Re-
,overy Program. The Association
If American Railroads announced
asst week that in such an event it
would halt rail shipments to the
east coast so that it's freight cars
wouldn't pile up there while wait
ng to be unloaded. Such a move ,
would cut total production and lend ,
% layoff's in industries such as
.oal, where there are no storage
but products are load !
ID directly onto freight trains. i
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19
California Federation
Sets Convention Date

San Francisco.-The California
State Federation of Labor an
nounced that the federation's 46th
annual convention will be held
from September 27 to October 2 in
Long Beach.
The number of delegates attend
ing the conclave is expected to
break all previous records, reflect
ing the great increase in the num-
Der of AFL members in the state.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-08-19

Every chef and restaurateur
should be compelled to eat at least
three meals per week in some good
restaurant other than his own. In
that way we might get better cook
cry.
Evening star., 1948-09-09
TX Street Highway
| Will Be Named
|For Whitehurst

The Commissioners today decided
to name the partly completed X
street elevated highway the White
hurst Freeway" in honor OF the late
director OF highways, H. c. White
hurst, who died last Wednesday.
The action was taken at the
Commissioners board meeting on
recommendation Of Engineer Conn
missioner Gordon r. Young.
Capt. Whitehurst, who died last
Wednesday was succeeded yesterday
by J. N. Robertson, former engineer
Of streets.
Gen. Young said Capt. Whitehurst
was responsible more than any other
man for the magnificent" system
of bridges and highways surround-
ing and being built around Wash.
ington
I recommend that thea X street
structure be named the Whitehurst
Freeway, or possibly Skyway or
Viaduct," Gen. Young said. Thus
his name viii be permanently as
ISOLATED with a structure which Is
unique In Washington"
Evening star., 1948-09-09
7runon's West Tour to Include
Denver and California Cities
Plans Call for Speeches in San Francisco,
Los Angeles in Swing Starting Next Week

the President will move on to his
home at Independence, Mo-, and
leave there on Sunday afternoon
for the Denver speech the follow
ing day.
Other Colorado talks are in pros
pect at Colorado Springs, Pueblo
and Glenwood Springs, and the next
jump will take the President to Salt
Lake City, where he will speak on
September 81 or %.
San Francisco and Los Angeles
will follow Immediately afterward,
but the President said no plans had
been made beyond that. Many places
are asking him to stop, the Presi-
dent added, but it Is difficult to work
them all in.
There have been reports that the
President will move into Texas and
Oklahoma on the way back from
the coast, but Mr.. Truman said he
could not say anything definite
about those yet, nor could he an
swer question, he added, about
prospects Of returning through the
South.
Evening star., 1948-09-09
I Committees Sitting
Charges That Postal
Promotions Are Sold
Sums Up to $500 Reported
Paid Throughout Country
To Obtuin Better Jobs
BY Joseph Young

The House and Senate Civil
Service Committees are investi-
eating the possibility of major
scandal in the Post Office De-
partment, involving the alleged
"sale" of promotions in tho De-
partment.
The committees are delving into
reports that, in many post Offices
throughout the country, employees
are paying sums up to $500 to their
supervisors and other bosses to get
promoted to higher-paying jobs.
Committee members acknowledge
that their task Will be a difficult
one. Lack Of sufficient investigators
and the far-flung post Office sys-
tenn make 1t difficult to get any
concrete evidence that would result
in any convictions and dismissal
from the Federal service.
New York City Is mentioned as
one place where $500 Is the standard
price that employees are paying to
get promoted. While not having
any definite evidence to link any
body in New York, committee men,
bers say they are convinced" that
promotion payoffs are occurring in
at least some post offices throughout
the country.
The committees flrst lead" on
the situation came from converse
tions with various postal workers
who charged selling" Of promotions
Also. Government reform groups
have reported that they were dis
| -IEH.aIia..al a.. pana 0 lal g i
Evening star., 1948-09-09
Ships Called Urgently to Move
75,OOOus Volcano Flares Anew
Mt Hibokhibok Spewing Southern Philippine
Island With Shower of Deadly Acidic Ash

1t was heard here by Globe Wire
Less.
The broadcast said:
ITO all ships at sea: Acute emer-
gency at Camiguin Island. All
available boats needed for mass
evacuation. Guinsiliban and BIZ
none designated embarkation points
Binone tops priority to ships.
Rain of acidic ash, probably one
OF halogens, has occurred.
Order Is being maintained"
Guinsiliban and Binone are small
towns on the southeast coast OF
the island, which is in the Min
dsnao Sea only dozen miles north
OF the big island of Mindanao.
The halogens are a family of
the chemical elements f1uorine
chlorine, bromine and iodine. In
their pure and acid states they are
poisonous and highly corrosive.
Mr.. Alcaraz several days earlier
had warned Of the possibility of
deadly gases from the volcano. The
acidic ashes probably would create
such gases,
Evening star., 1948-09-09
Picture on Page A-6.)

A record enrolment poured into
Washington,s q parochial schools
as they opened for the new year
today.
Some of the schools were turning
children away in the face of regis
trations as high as 20 per cent above
normal capacity.
An increase Of 1900 grade school
children above last years total Of
IL, 900 In the District was expected
when the final figures are in, ac-
cording to the education ofice OF
the Washington archdiocese.
The Rev. John S. Spence, direc-
tor of education for the Catholic
schools, said the increase was ex-
pected to be felt throughout the
Washington area. His Office super
vises the schools in five Maryland
counties as well as in the District.
Parochiai school principals said
today they are unable to accept
pupils who do not live in the parish
in which they wish to attend school.
Some schools are being forced to
Evening star., 1948-09-09
Danes Charge so Soviet Planes
Violate erritory in Baltic

There are no soldiers on Born
holm at present. The Danish gar
rison of about $500 men was sent
back to Copenhagen Monday for
rehabilitation, and the new garri-
son will not arrive for some time
One group Of Russian planes flew
over Danish naval unit, the
authorities said, adding that they
thought the Soviet craft came from
bases in Germany.
Russian forces occupied Bornholm
Island in the spring Of 1s45 and re-
manned about 10 months. The with
drawal came in the spring of 1916
after repeated Danish protests.
Evening star., 1948-09-09

President Truman told his
news conference today that he
would stump in Denver and other
Colorado cities as we'll as San
Francisco and Los Angeles on
the campaign tour starting late
next week. But he had few
other details to add on plans for
the swing which will keep him
away from the Capital until
October /.
He confirmed a statement yester-
day by Senator Thomas, Democrat,
of Utah that Salt Lake City also
would be the site of major speech.
While the President was willing
10 discuss his own campaign plans
as far as they have been drafted,
he had no comment on the attack
by Harold E. Stassen, who opened
the line for the Dewey-Warren
ticket in Detroit Tuesday night.
The western swing, which will be
the Presidents second, will open
in the farm belt at Dexter, Iowa,
on Saturday, September 18. Then
Evening star., 1948-09-09
CONTINUED on Page AS, Col. -
D. c. PorochioI Schools Open;
Packed by Record Enrolment

transfer pupils who have moved out
Of their parishes since last year.
The principal of Sacred Heart
School, 1925 Park road NV, termed
the new-pupil influx a serious
problem" Every one of her schools
500 seats was filled this morning,
and some children we're left stand
ing.
st. AIMS School, 44O4 Wisconsin
avenue NV, reported an enroll
ment of about $40, TO more than nor
NAL. A number Of children have
been asked to 60 elsewhere, the
principal said.
Nearby Maryland parochial schools
also have a heavy enrolment. One
IN Silver Spring reported 100 chill
dren registered in the first three
grades, the age groups most heavily
filled In most of the areas schools.
An increase Of at least 500 stu
dents In Washington's II Catholic
high schools also Is expected, ac-
cording to Father Spence. Last
years total was $500.
District and Montgomery County
public schools will open Monday.
Evening star., 1948-09-09
IT, 5. Still Stands Up
For Rights in Berlin,
President Declares
Government to Continue
Negotiating in Hope of
Accord Truman Says
'By joseph A. Fox

President Truman declared
today that this Government is
still standing up for it's rights
in Berlin and that it would con-
ttinue to negotiate in the hopes
| OF bringing about a peaceful
settlement of differences in
volved there.
The Presidents comment came
at press conference when he was
asked about the four-power dis
cussion in Berlin over the currency
problem and the lifting of the
Soviet blockade.
Mr.. Truman refused to go beyond
those two general observations In
response to repeated questions. He
said Secretary Of State Marshall
had covered the situation thor
oughly and accurately in a news
conference yesterday when he
blamed rioting in Berlin to Com
munist influence and said it was de-
signed to break up the conference
of military governors.
Silent on Bipartisan Policy.
Mr.. Truman also refused to am
plify Gen. Marshall's declaration
that bipartisan policy is being
followed in regard to the Italian
colonies situation.
In response to question as to
whether Republican spokesmen or
Gov. Thomas E. Dewey, the Repub-
lican presidential candidate, had
been brought into the italian dis
cussions, he said Gen. Marshall had
answered that question and that his
statement would have to stand.
Mr.. Truman at first refused any
comment whatever on the Berlin
situation, saying that he would
let Secretary Marshall's statement
stand.
Then a reporter told the President
that this was matter than hangs
heavily on the hearts and minds of
the people," and asked If he could
hold out any optimistic prospect.
The President responded by saying
that We are still standing up for our
rights in Berlin and are negotiating
and will continue to negotiate, just
as we have since the end of the
war, in the hopes of bringing about
peace.
Denies Blockade Is Duress.
A reporter told the President that
it was the understanding that this
Government had said no negotia-
tions would be conducted while
the Russian blockade Of Berlin is on.
Mr.. Truman said that was not
correct. The reporter then pressed
further saying that this Govern
ment had said that we would not
negotiate under duress and wanted
to know if the blockade cid not
constitute duress.
The President said no, that it
was an attempted duress.
Evening star., 1948-09-09
Scattered Showers, High
OF SO Forecast for Today

Scattered thundershowers were
expected in the Washington area
late today, after high tempera-
ture two degrees hotter than yes
terday's maximum Of So, the Wealth
er Bureau said.
It will be cooler tonight, with a
low near IS degrees, the forecaster
predicted. This mornings low tenn
perature was So at 7:16 o'clock.
Tomorrow will be mostly sunny
and cooler, according to the fore
cast.