davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1948-12-23
Pagan Rites Basis
OF Many Customs

Strange as it may seem, most
American Christmas customs stem
largely from Pagan rites practiced
long before the birth of Christ.
The custom of exchanging gifts
is one of the few that springs from
the Christian era. Christmas cam
dies, bonfires and Yule logs arise
from the heathen festivals observ-
ing the winter solstice, December
81, when the days begin to lengthen.
That was time of great rejoicing
for ancient sun worshippers who
built bonfres to give strength to the
winter sun-god."
Christian Romans ornamented
their homes with green boughs and
flowers for the Feast of Saturnalia
which began December 10. Druids
gathered mistletoe for that season,
while ancient Saxons used holly,
ivy and bay. Modern nistletoe and
holly wreaths come from those peo-
pies.
Christmas trees, too, spring from
the ancient German days when Ger
manic tribes made sacrifices to the
sacred oak tree of Odin. When the
missionary st. Boniface Travelled to
Germany in the Eighth Century and
saw these celebrations he persuaded
the natives to substitute fir tree
for the oak and to adorn 1t in a
tribute to the Christ Child.
During the Middle Ages the entire
Christmas season was celebrated in
equal fervor with that now shown on
Christmas day. In some lands the
celebration lasted from December
"a to January 6-Twelfth Night
and in others from December 81 to
February 2. BY the year 1914.
Christmas in England had become
such a wild orgy that the Puritans
forbade its celebration by law.
READ THE JOURNAL.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1948-12-23
December Dates

There aren't verymany famous
birthdays during December-too
near Christmas! However, few
of history's prominent people
were born in December and here
they are:
Dec. 8, Eli Whitney, inventor
of the cotton gin.
Dec. 16, Ludwig Won Beethoven.
Dec. II, John Greenleaf Whit
tier.
Dec. "a, Christopher (Kit) Car
son.
Dec. 27, Louis Pasteur.
Dec. %, Woodrow Wilson.
Dec. 81, Rudyard Kipling.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-11-16
IN ADMIRALTY. No. 509a-A.

NOTICE OF ATTACHMENT AND
 ARREST OF PROPERTY
 Tn the District Court for the Terri
 tory of Alaska, Division Number
 One, at Juneau.
 THE NATIONAL BANK OF CON-
 MERGE OF SEATTLE. National
 Banking Corporation, Libellant, vs. The Gas Screw or Vessel VET
 BRAN, Official No 23l,751, her
 Masts, Bowsprit, Tackle, Engines, |, Apparel, Boats, Anchors, Cables,
 Chains, Rigging, Furniture, Fix
 lures. and all other necessaries | thereunto pertaining and belong ing, Respondent.
 ' TO ALL CONCERNED: NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that I, William T. Mahoney, as United States Mar shal for the Territory of Alaska, did ion the 30th day of october, l948, attach and arrest the gas screw or vessel VETERAN, Official No. 231 .751. her masts, bowsprit tackle, engines, apparel, boats, anchors, cables. chains, rigging, furniture, fixtures, and all other necessaries thereunto appertaining and belong ing. in the above-entitled action, in certan cause, civil and maritime, on contract for the foreclosure of ] preferred maritime mortgage on which there is due and unpaid $2,- | t49.95. together with interest there l 5n at the rate of six per cent per ,nnum from June 2, 1948; a Tate . charge" of SO5 on each dollar paid more than fifteen days after it's due Hate amounting to $4750: and costs land expenses of this action includ- ling S75000 as proctors' fees; and, ithe owner and all other persons Interested or concerned herein are required to be and appear at the s.me and place of the return of said ] process, to-wit, Saturday, the 20th 1ay of November, 1948, in The Uni led States District Court Room in the Federal. Territorial Building, at {. Juneau, Alaska, at 1000 o'clock A. M., or as soon thereafter as this , cause may be heard, and answer in hat behalf, or default will be en- l cred and condemnation ordered as 1raved in the libel filed herein.
 Dated at Juneau, Alaska, the 30th 1 lay of October, 1948.
 WILLIAM T. MAHONEY, U. S. Marshal,
 By WALTER G. HELLAN,
 Deputy U. s. Marshal. R. E. Robertson and M. E. Monagle, Proctors for Libellant.
 First publication, Nov. l, l948i. Last publication. Nov. 16, l948.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-11-16
RADIO LOG
 K IN Y Alaska Broadcasting Co.
 c. B. S. DIAL 1460-JUNEAU TUESDAY EVENING

TUESDAY EVENING 5:00-Adventures in Research. 5:15-Community Center = Red
 Cross. 5:30-KNOX MANNING -CBS. 5:45--Oasis Bandstand. 6:00-News. 6:15-Animal World Court. 6:2O-Voice of Democracy. 6:25-According to the Record. 6:30-Sports Parade. 6:40-Band Music. 6:45-Local News. 7:O0-MORhY AMSTERDAM
 CBS. 7:30-ARTHUR GODFREY-CBS. 2'n0-News. 8:15-BARNYARD FOLLIES-
 CBS. 8:30-CAPITOL CLOAKROOM-
 CBS. 900-News. y:15-Viking Varieties. 9:30-FIND THAT CLUE-CBS. l0:oO-News. 10.15-ORGAN INTERLUDE-
 CBS. 10:30-F Forecasts.
 Sign Off Wednesday Morning and Afternoon
 Sign on. 7:0O-Alarm Clock Club. 7:3O-Radio Reporter. 7:45-Music in the Morning. S::15-Headlines. :20-Morning Thought. Forecasts. 33O-Morning Serenade. :45-Behind the Headlines. 9:0O-Music for the Missus Forecasts. 9:3O-The Melodaires. s:45-YOUR STAND IN-CBS. l0:00-News. l0:05-Melodies in T Time. lo:15-Vocal Varieties. 1o:3o-Milady's Memo.
  II :0o-TREASURY BANDSTAND-
 CBS. .3O-Listener's Digest. l1:45-Rendezvou in Rio. 1:55-Forecasts. 12.00-Meet the Band. 12:15-Noon News. 2:30-Luncheon Date. 12.45-Organ Melodies. 1:Oo-MEET THE MISSUS-CBS. 1:30-Art Baker i:45-Stitchin Time. 2:Oo-MUSIC FOR YOU-CBS. 2:.30-Symphony Hall 3:30-Make IL MuSic. 4:30-BARNYARD FOLLIES-
 CBS. 5:00-GueSt Star. All programs subject to change due to conditions beyond our CO., trol.
Evening star., 1948-05-23
Burroughs School Plans
Parade and Program

The students Of the Burroughs
School, Eighteenth and Monroe
streets NE, will give = parade on
the school grounds at $50 am.
Tuesday.
The parade and accompanying
program are designed to show how
the school and the neighborhood
cooperate for the betterment Of
the WoodridRe area.
Evening star., 1948-10-01

and Truman As Governor of New York State,
Mr.. Dewey appointed commission on medical
care which spent 100000 appropriated by the
Legislature to survey the health needs OF New
York State and various plans for meeting
them. The 45o-page report of the commits
sions staff, issued February, 1916, stated that
compulsory health insurance was necessary in
order to provide medical care ito the popula-
ton as whole in accordance with medical
needs; described an opinion poll showing that
this method was "the one in greatest public
favor" in New York State, and explained that
compulsory health insurance could be so
ganized and managed that it would not regi-
ment either people or doctors, saying Com
pulsory contribution, a measure which is ex-
pressly provided for in the constitution Of
New York State, is the only means OF making
medical care available to all. However, to
preserve the traditional American principles OF
individual initiative and free enterprise, COM
pulsion should be restricted to the minimum
degree necessary to accomplish this objective.
The greatest possible choice should be re-
tanned with respect to type of service, the
person or agency rendering the service, and
the right to refuse service or to purchase extra
service" opp. 362-363).
Maybe you will print these quotations in
order to show the District of Columbia Medical
Society that Candidates Dewey, Warren and
Truman are closer together on this subject than
the American Medical Association would like
to believe MICHAEL NJ DAVIS.
Chairman, Executive Committee Committee
for the Nations Health, Inc.
Evening star., 1948-10-01
West European Defense

Formation OF permanent cOInIlloIi
military organization under Field MarShal
Lord Montgomery for the defense OF
Western Europe is an important step IN
the process of mobilizing and co-ordl-
mating the freedom-loving strength OF the
European peoples against the impending
threat of totalitarian aggression stemming
out of Moscow Nothing less than the
reiterated spur of an imminent common
peril could have so quickly ripened united
action on the part of five nations so dlf1er-
ent in character, background and ira
ditional policies. 1t is another instance
of the truth taught by history that men
and nations combine much more easily
against something than for positive
purpose.
The beginning Of free Europe's military
integration was taken earlier this year,
when Britain, France, Belgium, the Neither
lands and Luxembourg signed the Brussels
Alliance for mutual defense. The difficulty
since then has been practical implementa-
ton. And the problems involved are many.
On the technical side there are such mat
ters as Standardization of armaments and
training, elaboration of joint strategic
planning. 1t is not pretended that all
these difficulties have yet been ironed out.
Neither have the results of staff confer
ences held in secret been made public.
But it is understood that a long-range plan
has been drawn up and an overall strate-
gic concept evolved.
This, however, is only half the story.
The other half was indicated by the pres
ence at the conferences of military OBJ
servers from the United States and Canada.
It is an open secret that the successful
defense of Western Europe is dependent
upon effective backing by America. And
such backing must go beyond diplomatic
support and even tangible assistance in
the form of ornaments probably on
lend lease basis The Western European
Allies feel they must have what amounts
to a guarantee by this country to come
instantly to their defense in case of attack
from the East. They believe that this Is
required not only as the best or perhaps
only deterrent to Soviet aggression, but
also as vital factor in rallying the sup
port of their respective peoples to the
prospect of q risky and dubious struggle.
Fear of being overrun by ruthless Asiatic
hordes in the opening phase of a war with
the Soviet bloc, no matter what its even
tual outcome exerts demoralizing inf1u-
ence on the popular mind, especially in
France, and lays it open to defeatist
promptings from Communist propaganda.
This is something which will have to be
squarely faced here in America, and the
issue can be decided only by congressional
action. Unless major international crisis
is precipitated on Moscow's initiative in
Evening star., 1948-10-01
Puyinq for the Water System

There can be no question as to the
urgency of the water supply expansion
program proposed by the District Water
Division and the Army Engineer Corps
But there is real question as how this
financed.
Engineer Commissioner Gordon Young
told reporters he is inclined to favor
financing the project through an increase
in water rates. But these rates were in
creased rs per cent short time ago. And
as more and more users pay for water it
would be logical to expect that the trend
of water rates would be downward rather
than upward Yet the reverse has been
the case ever since the system was in
stalled back in Civil War days.
The trouble in the past has been that
not all the water users have contributed
to the systems upkeep. 1t was not until
recently that the Federal Government
recognized its obligation to make con-
tNbution for water consumed by the
Sprawling Federal establishment. A mil
lion dollars of its contribution to District
expenses is earmarked for water. At cur
rent water rates, this barely covers the
cost of water used. It leaves nothing for
capital improvements. In early days of
the system the Federal Government appro-
priated funds for plant construction and
expansion, but in later years the District
has borne the full brunt of both mainte-
nance and improvement of the system.
Through its free use Of water over so many
years the Government has long since been
reimbursed for its original investments
Against this background, it would be
clearly unfair to impose the whole burden
of future improvements Non the paying
customers of the Water Division, as would
be the case If the cost were to be betrayed
solely from water revenues. The Federal
Government, as the largest single user OF
water, should do its part not only by pay
ing for the vast amount of water con-
sumed, but by helping substantially to
finance capital Improvements.
Evening star., 1948-10-01
Where Does Tito Stund?

Ever since the sensational break between
the Yugoslav regime headed by Marshal
Tito and the Moscow-dominated COMM
form, Yugoslavia's position on the inter-
national chessboard has been somewhat
of an enigma. There can be no doubt that
Tito and his followers are under cumula-
tive pressure from all their former Com
munist associates, this pressure extending
over the theological, political and economic
fields. And it is equally certain that Tito
is doing his best to maintain himself.
1t should, of course, be understood that
this row between Tito and the Cominform
is in the nature of family quarrel. TITO
continues to proclaim his Communist Or
thodoxy and automatically supports Soviet
foreign policy in its controversy with the
Western powers. This has just been DEM
onStrated by government statement
criticizing Russia'S attitude toward Tito
and by Yugoslav Foreign Minister kar-
deljs vigorous speech before the u. N.
General Assembly at Paris. However, one
phrase of Kardelj is generally interpreted
as warning to Moscow not to interfere
with Yugoslavia's internal affairs. This
was when he asserted that Increased for
eign intervention brings about Increased
resistance on the part of people, for 1t Is
a well-known fact that nations do not ap-
prove of armed foreign missionaries IN
their country" To be sure, Kardel] was
referring to Anglo American interference"
in Greece. But its logical application to
Soviet Russia and its loyal satellites IS
equally pertinent.
There are thus no indications that Tito
meditates a diplomatic shift from the So
Wet bloc toward the West On the other
hand, there is considerable evidence that
he is diScreetly seeking to better his rela-
tions with the West in the economic field.
It is understood that negotiations between
Yugoslavia and Britain for trade agree
ment, which had been stymied for months
over British insistence on indemnification
for confscated property owned by its ma
tionals, suddenly frightened when Yugo-
slavia made better offer of recompense.
And this seeming imminence OF trade
pact with Britain comes on the heels OF an
agreement just made with Switzerland and
another under negotiation with Belgium.
Tito has doubtless been pushed to this
new economic policy by hard necessity.
Yugoslavia ambitious induStrialization
program had been geared to imports Of
machinery and plant equipment promised
from Soviet Russia and some OF its satel-
lites, notably Czechoslovakia. The virtual
economic boycott of Yugoslavia decreed
by the Cominform is throwing Tito'S indus
trialization program into critical difficult
ties which can be renfedied onlyby similar
imports from the West. Some of his needs
are covered by the Swiss trade agreement.
Even more could be provided by the terms
of the pact with Britain now under neso-
tiation, to say nothing of the proposed
pact with Belgium.
1t is, OF course too soon to estimate the
full significance of these economic depar-
lures. But they certainly tend to lessen
Titos economic dependence upon the So
Wet bloc. And from economics to politics
is a step which would be that much easier
to take
Evening star., 1948-10-01
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt

1t is a long while since Mrs. Theodore
Roosevelt was First Lady of the Lana, yeI
there still are Washingtonians who remem-
Der seeing her in local stores, riding IN
parks or walking with her husband IN the
White House Gardens. She was a person
of quiet dignity, grace and charm. her
daughter, her four sons and her STEP
daughter, the future Alice Longworth, kept
her busy; but she nevertheless was Teooys
counselor and confdante In Important
national affairs throughout his presidency.
How much the country owed to her was
suggested by Mark Sullivan who, writing
for The Star in 1892 declared that she
was mot merely one of the great women
but one of the great persons OF her
time" Another experienced observer,
Owen Wister, the novelist. wrote OF her:
"She was the perfection of invisible gov
eminent" Her seasoned judgment OF
people and events, her tact in managing
Executive Mansion etiquette her skill as
a hostess and the gentle forcefulneSs OF
her influence upon the President and his
official circle we're appreciated by many
other insiders" If not by the world at
large.
OF course, Mrs. Roosevelt never inter-
vened in her own right. She bore her
mart in the era to which she belonged not
as politician but only as the wife of one
It was not until 1882 that she shared in
any campaign for votes. Her role was not
aggressive. She never stepped once
beyond the magic circle of her discretion" :"
Many sorrows were her lot. She survived
Teddy nearly three decades. Her son
Quentin was killed in the First World War;
her sons Theodore, junior, and Kermit,
were casualties of the Second. Concern
ing grief she told soldiers widow: I'VE
must take it standing" When she was
seventy-four, she learned new lessons OF
suffering when she broke hip in fall at
Evening star., 1948-10-01
BY THE HAsKIN sERvIC

Q. Are there any farms In the District OF
Coumtia?-E. C. G.
A. In 1910, there were IS farms in the Dis.
trict of Columbia, averaging 36 acres In size.
Q. What are some of the inventions that
are needed by the armed forces9 Can list
Of needed inventions be obtained from any
source?-C. f. B.
A. The National Inventors Council from
time to time lists the needs of the Army, Navy
and Air Force Inventors may obtain lists
from the council, United States Department
Of Commerce, Washington rs, D. c. recent
list of needed inventions included pneumatic
tire substitute, storage batteries for the Polar
regions. non magnetic compass, handwheels for
vehicles that do not chill the operators hands
in cold weather.
@. In what year was woodrow Wilson's hrst
grandchild born?-M H.
A. The first grandchild, Francis Bowes Sayre,
was born on January 18, 1915.
@. How many rural routes are there IN the
United States?-C. L.
A. The Post Office Department reports that
as of September l. 1948 there were 32,459
rural routes in the United States.
Q. Please give the name Of Napoleons horse?
B. A. O..
A. Marengo.
Evening star., 1948-10-01
To q Small Gray Kitten

You do not kno,o that you cypress
The measure of all Quietness;;
Reclining in the lap OF sun,
Your dreams mouse e-colored, ready spun,
Intaken breath dulcet purr, -.
You are content: You do not stir.
We, matching as your dreaming totoers,
Must think of 1t In terms OF ours;
TO US you are a syllable -.
OF rounded Huing, s,oeet ana 1nH,
But childhoods tenderness may see
In you a scrap OF poetry.
JANE MORRISON.
Evening star., 1948-10-01

the immediate future, our decision will
presumably be adjourned until after the
presidential election and the convening Of
the new Congress in early January. That
is understood, albeit reluctantly, by West
ern Europe.
Evening star., 1948-10-01
sasamore Hill, but she "came through

Sycamore Hill, but she "came through
smiling"
Perhaps the best appraisal Of the i'm
preston Mrs. Roosevelt made upon history
was that which Julian Street produced, as
far back as 1924, in the words: Her own
indomitable spirt-a very special spirit,
kind of luminosity, elusive, indescribable,
which somehow suggests to me globe or
crystal, clear and cool, glowing with lovely
lights and images"
Evening star., 1948-10-01
No Air Force Stamps

To the Editor of The Star:
resent the fact that there was no SC postage
stamp issued to commemorate or ceieofaee a., ni
Force Day, made q special call at the
most office to buy Air Force Day stamps and
NO. shocked to learn none were available.
MRS, ETHEL q. SHEARER.
Evening star., 1948-10-01

Yawn of the day: Pravda's complaint
that Tito, with "repressions, mass arrests
and murder is crushing the will OF the
majority" of the Communist Party in
YugoSlavia
Evening star., 1948-10-01

Asked his impression of the American,
scene, an English exchange student says,
"Americans are even more American than
we thought" On further consideration we
may resent that.
Evening star., 1948-10-01

Opinion polls have so robbed the NO.
vember election of suspense, betting Is the
lightest in years. as posses of form players
hunt vainly for the sentimental Democrat
with dough-
Evening star., 1948-10-01
Letters to The Star

i. Letters for publication must bear
| the signature and address OF the
wrtter, although it Is permissible for
,Driter kno,on to The Star to use
q nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1948-10-01
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question Of
fact BY .writ!ns The Evening Star InformstiSn
bnIeu, . ,nos. three (3I cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1948-10-01

take II tldC alleSeQ AA
my column which prompted Mayor Humphreys
letter was not the statement that MI. Stassens
first election to the governorship OF Minnesota
occurred in 1898 instead of 1910 Gan inaccuracy
which I regret), but his characterization as
Farmer-Laborite rather than as Democrat.
This description of him was not based upon his
inherited politics. but his own record in public
life. It is not without significance that, in
describing his political afaliation for his bio
graphical sketch in "Who's Who,' Mayor
Humphrey does not classify himself as Demo-
crat but one active in fusing the Democratic
and Farmer-Laborite parties" Since in Min
nesota the number of registered Democrats has
always been relatively insignificant, this ANAL
gamation-of which was aware-really meant
the swallowing of the Democratic Party by
larger political party which has never made
any bones about the essentially socialistic
character of its program. Obviously, the
cstensble Democrats who, as Mr.. Humphrey
puts it. coined the Farmer-Laborite Party"
were men who did not find its MARKHAM teach
ings unpalatable The liquidation OF the Demo-
cratic Party machinery, however, did ALLEVIATE
thousands of liberal Minnesota Democrats
whose votes later contributed to the recent
Republican successes in that State.
1t was not until this "fusing" was accom-
plshed that Mr. Humphrey was elected to any
public Office. That his sympathies lie with the
radicals rather than with his fathers party is
revealed not only by his letter, in which he
refers to the Farmer-Laborites as liberal
party and blandly denies the existence OF labor
monopolies, but also by his activities at the
Philadelphia convention this year. 1t will be
recalled that he was spokesman OF the
Reuther- -Dubinsky faction in the Stop
Truman" movement. After this proved abortive,
Mr.. Humphrey took the lead in virtually killing
what hopes remained for the success of the
national Democratic ticket by repudiating the
Civil Rights plank which President Trumans
advisers had drawn-a step deliberately calcu-
lated to drive the Southern States into open
revolt and thereby disrupt the Democratic
Party. IEnAHO ~ Ni1A