davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-10-15

Blora Is north of the oil town Of
Tjepoe and, according to the report,
is encircled by Republican govern
ment forces. The conmunique also
reported fighting near Wonogiri and
Bulukerto. il
The communique expressed a be-
lief the top Red leaders are hiding
in the mountains southeast of Ma
dioen. A report from Madden said
the Communist forces of about $500
are Withdrawing south Of Ponorogo.
Evening star., 1948-10-15
European Aid Program
10 Need Less Money,
~
: Hoffman Tells Press

Economic CO = operation Admin
J istrator Paul Hoffman said today he
believes that less money will be
needed for European recovery than
the $5,o55 100000 appropriated this
year.
He told press conference he be-
heves European recovery has
reached the point where less aid
will be necessary. He added, how
ever, that q. determination awaits
receipt Of the programs being draft
ed by European countries in Paris.
He said he had no idea what the
eventual amount would be.
Mr.. Hoffman, who returned yes
terday from Paris, reported he had
advanced one step toward getting
an agreement on halting dismant-
ling of German industrial plants
which would contribute to European
recovery.
Eventual Retention Possible.
He said he had obtained consid-
Grafton of an agreement that the
dismantling of such plants would be
Of such a character that their even
tual retention might still be possible.
The administrator who few to
Paris Monday with Secretary of
State Marshall, conferred with For
eign Minister Robert Schuman Of
France and Ernest Bevin, Great
Britain's Foreign Secretary.
Mr.. Hoffman explained the Ger
man plants in question are those
on the reparations list which have
been declared surplus to those need
ed to maintain German economy at
the level agreed on by the United
States and Great Britain last fall.
It is hoped to retain such plants in
Germany as will most effectively
promote the European recovery
program.
A committee has been named to
make a survey Of such plants. 1t is
headed by George M. Humphrey,
president of the M. A. Hanna Co.
of Cleveland.
Solution Predicted.
MIR. Hoffman said he had felt Ger
tain that the interests of Great
Britain, France and the United
States are so similar that a COM
mon approach to this common prob
lem" should lead to a solution.
Both Mr.. Bevin and Mr.. Schu-
man agreed to this" he said. Both
promised the Humphrey Committee
fullest co-operation; both have un-
der consideration proposal that,
pending determination by the Hum
phrey Committee of the list of
plants recommended for retention,
any dismantling will be of such a
character that it will not prevent
the eventual retention in Germany
Of such plants.
ut will be clear that some plants
should not be retained in Germany
and also thoroughly clear that some
should not be moved. Then there
will be doubt regarding some, and
these will be subject to expert ex-
aminations."
Cuckoo Clock Question.
He said one big question is about
q cuckoo clock plant which was to
be dismantled. I'm in favor of let
ting them go on making cuckoo
clocks he said.
Roger D. Lapham, former Mayor
OF San Francisco, who is director
of the s338,000,000 aid-to- China pro-
gram, was present at the news con-
ference. He has just returned from
China. 81
Mr.. Lapham refused to answer
questions, but he did volunteer that
he had lost 10 pounds.
Evening star., 1948-10-15

to confer with John Foster Dulles
foreign affairs adviser to Gov
Thomas E. Dewey and member OF
the American delegation to the
United Nations. Gen. Clay and
Ambassador Robert Murphy. his
political adviser, also will meet with
German officials.
Reds Order Purge.
Meanwhile. the leadership of the
German Communists in the Russian
zone publicly stated that widespread
"anti-Soviet elements" had been dis
covered in party ranks and de-
manded a ruthless purge, even if ii
reached into upper Circles.
, Special articles on this were car
ried in Neues Deutschland, official
organ of the Soviet-sponsored, Com
munist- Socialist Unity
Party. The articles were signed by
Communist Wilhelm PECK. party
chairman, and other leaders.
They chastised those who repeat
anti-Soviet propaganda, members
who grumble about poor economic
conditions and parasites" in the
public administrations.
Air Violations Charged.
The Official Soviet news agency
SNB, quoted the Russian air safety
center as charging American and
British planes with repeated viola
tions Of flying regulations In the
Berlin area during the first two
weeks of October.
The Russian air center, said SNB
accused Western Allied pilots OF
"mischievous behavior"
The British and American mil.
Evening star., 1948-10-15
C.,Iuy
Continued From First Page

OF Western Europe to develop itself
increases, with the consequent pres
sure in the satellite countries to re-
turn to the way of political freedom
as that comes about, Soviet expan-
sion will not only be halted, 1t will
recede.
The various pressures that are
inherent in the wishes of the people
Of Europe will become so great they
cannot be resisted"
Gen. Clay flew to Frankfurt today
Evening star., 1948-10-15

itary governments yesterday ordered
German authorities to do every
thing possible to tighten the coun-
blockade Of Soviet occupied
Germany.
Eleven new regulations to plug
holes in the blockade included au-
thority to seize all goods arriving
at the borders without papers, to
prosecute the shippers, and return
goods arriving with papers.
Border police were told to allow
travellers across the zonal borders
to carry only hand luggage and
their personal effects.
Evening star., 1948-10-15
Joyonese Reds Using
|Scorched-Edrth Tactics
BY the Assoeiossd Pres,

/ RATAVIA. Java, Oct. 15.-A
Dutch army communique said to-
day that Communist rebels in the
Indonesian Republic have begun
using scorched-earth tactics.
The communique reported numer-
Gus fires In Wonosari and Blora.
Evening star., 1948-10-15
Maryland 10 Offer Bonds
For Chesapeake Bridge

by The Asseeiassd Prsss
BALTIMORE, Oct. 15.-Maryland
win offer next Monday or Tuesday
$37, SOC, 900 worth OF bonds to finance
construction Of the Chesapeake Bay
Bridge.
Evening star., 1948-10-15

submit a bill for medical care or
for an operation to any patient who
occupies a hospital bed which Is
supported by the Community Chest
Federation. The doctors services
are willingly donated to the unfor-
fllnafe"
Evening star., 1948-08-29

jitterbugging and jujitsu
EIRsr you grab your opponent by
IL the seat of his pants, then you butt
him with your head, trip him, whirl
him through the air, fling him down
and fall on top of him. Swiss young
sters have been committing this tradi-
tional and formalized mayhem on each
other for centuries, and claim it's a
great way to keep fit.
Adversaries grasp each other by the
back of the belt and the rolled-up cuff
of the shorts. Strength, quickness and
trickery pay off - the head-butting
tactic was appropriated by observant
shepherds from Alpine goats.
Photographs by Paul Sem
Evening star., 1948-06-02

Tho rubberized COW
ering Of these scales
helps prevent slip
ping. White enamel
ed. 80 easy to read
without stoopingl
Accurate.
Evening star., 1948-06-02

ATTENTION: Certain Toilet rrsperan@ons' @ Lug:aEs a
Federal Internal Revenue Aat effective April L 1914
Alarm Clocks retailing at not more than 30 GO an.
watches retailing than S66 90, subjeet
lO1s tax; all others taxed 20I.
Evening star., 1948-06-02

Prices vary slightly Maryland Virginia Stores on
- limit quantities
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

II WANT to discuss an in
dustry which is helping
foment the present war hysteria.
I speak of the aircraft in
dustry.
It is dependent on our money
yours and mine. as taxpayers.
to keep going. As presently
operated. it needs huge military
contracts. To get these contracts
it has helped foment the war
hYsteria.
Guy w. Vaughan, head Of
Curtiss-W Wright, the largest air.
plane manufacturing company,
has urged Congress to hurry up
and appropriate additional funds
for more planes.
The United Aircraft Corpora
ton, one of the four largest COM
panies,. has been running full
page advertisements trying to
convince the American people
that air supremacy is essential
to our national security.
Another company has boast
fully advertised that its new
B-36 bombers can fly 10000
miles and m b any spot on
earth.
Glenn Martin, bomber manu-
facturer, talks of 65-day war
in which the enemy will be de-
stroyed with guided missiles,
atom bombs, and bacteria.
The aircraft manufacturers are
pushing the air blitz theory. They
have been unable or unwilling
to adapt their operations to
peacetime civilian needs; and
they want easy and big profits
such as they enjoyed during the
war years.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

General Kenney's peculiar in
depreciation of the American
way of life is not an isolated
one. In testimony before the SEN
ate Armed Services Committee,
Secretary of the Air Force, Sym
ington, said that American B-29
bombers can take off from Alas
ka or Labrador, bomb any city
in the Soviet Union, and return
to us. bases such as the Phil
ippines, Okinawa, Alaska or Lab
rador. This is military nonsense.
This is not defense program
for the US.
The United Press reported that
Sy1nington startled committee
members by naming Russia point
blank as likely target and by
referring to the Soviets as an
enemy" For all practical pur-
poses, a sub-cabinet member has
declared war on Russia, not only
in the name of the United States,
but also in the name of the sup
posedly independent Philippines
and Canada.
His purpose? Symington told
the Committee that in order to
sustain an about air attack
against Russia, m any more
heavy bombers and men were
needed to allow for combat loss
es. What is more, he warned
that with present bases B-29
strikes against Russia would
rot be decisive and therefore it
is necessary to obtain b ase
closer to the enemy"
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

who was in charge of procure
ment for the Army Air Forces is
now head of the Aircraft Indus
tries Association. But far more
important than the direct per-
sonal connections between air.
force generals and airplane man
ufacturers is the identity of in
terest. The manufacturers spare
no efforts to sell their wares, the
generals spare no efforts to sell
their occupation. Nor are they
deferred by the fact that with
modern weapons large-scale air
bombardment means the muir
der of millions of civilians
Secretary of Air Stuart SYM
ington and his Chief of Staff,
General Spaatz, now demand the
famous 10 group aircraft pro-
gram. This program would give
the Air Force, 10000 modern
airplanes. The Navy has another
program for its own independent
airforce calling for 14,500 planes.
This adds up to $4,000 military
airplanes in peacetime. To ac-
complish these goals would re-
quire rate of production of mil
itary airplanes nine times that
of the present time.
Secretary of Defense Forces
tai, during the hearings on the
Truman INFLAMMATION program,
admitted that if this whole air
force program were put into eff
feet, our military budget would
be increased by another fifteen
billion dollars. The New York
Times, March 26, reported: ''Mr.
Forrestal indicated that it was
his conclusion that it would be
futile to request Congress for
such sums at this point
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24
Profits

The profits of the aircraft
companies during the war years
amounted to six times their or
iginal investment.
The Republic Aviation Cor
poration made a wartime net
profit. after taxes. of nine mil
lion of an original investment of
one million dollars. That rep
resents a profit of $50 percent
per year for the six years from
1910 through ls45.
Curtiss Wright, the largest
aircraft manufacturers, m d
one hundred and six million
dollars during the war on pre-
war investment of thirty million
dollars. That represents profit
of 60 percent per year.
The North American Aviation
Corporation, which is dominated
by General Motors, made $50
million dollars in profits on
prewar investment of six and
half million dollars. This is a
profit of 1870 percent per year.
All these profits figures are
an understatement. The corpor-
atoms subtracted special reserves
before arriving at their admit
ted profits.
But even the admitted prof
it's We're enormous. The reason
why the airplane companies were
able to make such enormous prof
its was that you and supplied
the capital. Ninety percent of
the wartime airplane factories
and machinery was built by the
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

Before World War II the air.
plane industry was small by
American standards. It's proper
ties totalled only about 500 mill
Lion. During the war, the Gov
eminent spent $500, 000,0 900 to
expand the facilities of the air.
plane industry. With these facili-
ties, paid for by the American
taxpayer, and with the labor of
almost two million aircraft
workers, we made over 100000
airplanes, worth $50, 100000.
At the end of the war most
industries rapidly converted to
peacetime production. For sue
cessful reconversion of the air.
craft industry, it was necessary
to carry out broad program for
development of civil aviation.
In 1945 the Civil Aeronautics
Administration, then under my
jurisdiction as Secretary of Com
nlerce, prepared a program for
action by Government and by
private industry for the expan-
sion of all phases of civil avia-
ton and of the civilian aircraft
manufacturing industry.
However. the big aircraft
manufacturers were more inter-
ested in maintaining their power
and privileges. President Tru-
man responded TO their pres
sures. proclaiming in his Navy
Day speech October 81. ls45.
that we would maintain "one of
the most powerful airforces in
the world"
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24
Ruise unfe

So the American people will
be asked for only three or four
billion more at the present time.
After a few months, and a new
"crisis," the ante can be raised
another fifteen billion in addi-
ton to the fourteen billion dol
lars already requested. The real
potential military budget for the
next year may prove to be as
high as $50 billion-quite apart
from the billions in ornaments
sent abroad to the countries of
the Truman Doctrine.
The airplane manufacturer
will get an increasing proportion
of this unprecedented armament
program, as the emphasis on the
airforce grows. They will make
unprecedented profits on capital
supplied by the American tax
payer.
Is there any justification for
this tremendous air force which
is being sold to the people as
necessary for their defense? The
Finletter Report, which rubber
stamped the air program of the
Army and Navy, admits that the
United States cannot be attacked
now or in the immediate future.
1t admits that there is no posi-
bility of an attack on the United
States without the devel-
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

Neither the Government nor
the aircraft industry were seri-
ously interested in civilian pro-
gram. Private planes that peo-
pie could afford to buy were
not produced. After the first
rush of postwar purchases, bust
ness declined. Only half as many
civilian airplanes were sold in
1947 as in 1916. Four of the COM
panies specializing in personal
aircraft were forced into bank
ruptcy. Employment in air.
plane factories continued to de-
cline, and by the end of 1947
amounted to only about one
tenth of the wartime level.
Only one-quarter of this small
value of aircraft products were
for civilian use. Two years after
the end of the war, the other
three-quarters was still going to
military purchasers. And now,
the big companies are abandon
ing even their present small CT
william aircraft departments. The
Republic Aviation Corporation
has stopped making personal
airp1anes. The Martin Company
has abandoned new transport
model. The Wall Street Jour
nal of March 81 reports that the
Douglas Aircraft Corporation
needs new military business, Gas
commercial orders will pretty
well wind up in six months"
Because of their inability or
unwillingness to develop civilian
aviation, the airplane companies
had large operating losses dur
ing 1916 and 1947. But the
American people paid most of
this back in the form of tax re-
funds exceeding $500 million.
Now the aircraft manufacture
ers are openly demanding more
war contracts. The aircraft man.
ufacturers have their allies in
the Armed Forces and in the
State Department. In fact, they
are often the same people.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24
Little wurs

What additional countries and
peoples are to be brought under
the Truman Doctrine so that our
militarists may be "closer to the
enemy?" 1 it possible that Sym
ington is speaking of Iran where
under terms of a military agree
ment signed last October but not
yet published in our newspa-
pers our Army controls the Iran
ian Army and has access to all
military installations? Is it pos
sible that Symington is speaking
of Italy, where we now threaten
to- land Marines? Is it possible
that Symington is speaking of
Norway, Sweden and Denmark,
which are being invited to join
the five-power Western Bloc?
How many little" wars will
our bloodthirsfY air generals and
generals and Unsuitable profit
GERS get US into before they are
ready for the big war?
Those who do not share our
resolve have started a hugh pro-
gram of INFLAMMATION in this
country. They are laying the
basis for aggressive war.
This is a matter of grave con-
Germ to the American people.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

opment of new weapons
and m ct mods ncluding
some not yet developed by any
country. The Finletter Report
simply assumes that some other
country will develop these wea-
pons within a few years and
launch a sneak attack on the
United States on January /, 1858.
No reason is given for the date.
No reason is given for the at
tack. But the Report assures us
we must build tremendous air.
force by 1852.
Even in terms of the assumed
attack, this recommendation
doesn't make sense. 1t is clear
that the defense against an at
tack with weapons not yet in
existence does not lie in the mass
production of current weapons.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24
AIT's A FACT
trust

"The four largest (aircraft)
companies-Curtiss Wright,
Consolidated-Vultee, Douglas,
and United-received about,
35 per cent of the prime war
supply contracts, and their
facilities are II times as great
as the entire industry's facili-'
ties before the war. The air.
craft industry is now clearly
, Big Business"
from a Staff Report 10 the
Committee on Small Business
of the House of Representa-
lives. 1915.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24
Monopoly

During the War the air-force
Generals cooperated with the
effort of the airplane manufac-
turers to maintain their monop-
oily of the business. They sabo-
tagged all efforts of newcomers,
such as Kaiser, Hughes, and Hig-
gins, to produce war planes.
1t. General Oliver P. Echols
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24
PFowoe0fion

Military defense against hy-
pothetical future attack with
new weapons lies in concentrated
research and improvement of
military technique. But the only
real defense against the highly
destructive weapons of modern
war is a policy of organized
peace and disarmament. The
policy of INFLAMMATION is no de-
Tense. 1t is more a provocation
to war, than an aid to peace.
The big airforce program. to-
gether with the bigger and bet
ter atomic bomb program. con-
stituteS the real menace to the
American people today.
The air force is not for secu-
rity but for attack. 1t is de-
signed to destroy cities and to
ccnsign millions of civilians to
horrible death IN atomic war
fare. 1t is to make hundreds
of Hiroshimas in Russia, and in
all countries which become in
volved in a war between US. and
the Russians; that is, in China,
in France, in Palestine, in Brit
ain. This is more or less openly
admitted.
1t is reported to me that Cen
eral George Kenney, chief of the
strategic airforce, has said that
the U.N. is hopeless, and that
war with Russia is sure. Kenney
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

is reported to have said war with
Russia must come to preserve
our way-our American Way of
life. But the greatest threat to
the American way of life is mill
tarism here at home.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-04-24

government with our war bonds
and taxes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-25
I New Polio Cases
Al District Hospitals
Boost Area Total 10 IS

Seven new cases of polio were re-
ported by the District Health De-
partment today, raising the total
cases diagnosed at hospital here to
IS for the years from the Dis
trict and 40 from the Metropolitan
Area.
At this time last year, hospitals
had reported cases from the Dis
trict and II from out of town.
Six of the new patients are resi-
dents of the District and the seventh
is from Kensington, Md.
The new cases are those of:
A 16-year-old girl from the 270o
block of Twenty ninth street Sc.
admitted to Gallinger Hospital,
August %; 15-year- girl from
the 440O block of L'Enfant square
Sc, admitted to Gallinger, August
"a; a 6-year-old girl from the 1860
block of B street Sc, admitted at
Children's Hospital. August "a: a
Swear old girl from the first block
of Defrees street NV, admitted at
Children's Hospital, August %.
Also, an 8-year-old boy, living in
the 1900 block of Sixteenth street
NV, admitted to Children's Hos
pital Monday; a 5-year-old girl of
the 1900 block of. Twenty-third
street Sc, admitted to Children's
Sunday, and a 7-year-old boy of the
HOO block of Valley View avenue,
Kensington, Md, admitted to Chill
dren's Monday.
Another polio victim admitted to
Children's last Thursday is resi-
dent of Louisiana, and will be
counted on the official polio list of
that State, officials said. He was a
1O-year-old boy visiting at the 900
block of North Emerson street,
Arlington.
Reports from North Carolina,
meanwhile, listed Is new polio cases,
increasing the number in that State
to 1,670 so far this year. In an
other report, Kentucky. officials
listed their first polio fatality of
the year, 25-year-old Louisville
police officer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-25
Girl Snake-Bite Victim
Now Off Serious LIST

Three-year-old Clara May Car
baugh, who was rushed to Chill
dren's Hospital Sunday from Lees
burg, Va, after being bitten by a
copperhead snake, was "off the Sc
rious list" today.
Now reported doing nicely" the
little girl was treated with equip
ment sped to her bedside by DR..
William M. Mann, director of the
Zoo, after she was brought by am
bulance to Washington. Metropoli-
tan police had been alerted to meet
the vehicle at Memorial Bridge.
Hospital authorities called DR..
Mann when the seriousness of the
child's condition was determined. A
police car took him from his home
at 2801 Adams Mill road NV, to
the Zoo Office to obtain serum and
cutting and cupping" equipment
used to draw blood from the wound
and then to the hospital.
Clara Mays father, Willis Car
baugh. made the ambulance trip
with her from their farm home 2
miles from Leesburgh.