davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-05-15
Soils and Crops
Block Farming, Sod Busting
Viii Lead to Trouble in Dry Years
BY RALPH MERCER

tillage and planting back of the
less desirable types of wheat land
to grass for a period of years it is
fairly possible that when drouth and
high winds do hit that we will be
caught off balance and unable to
right ourselves.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-05-15
Soils and Crops

While doing some extension work
from Havre south recently, ] was
gratified to see the way the winter
wheat had come through the win
ter. This is always the first hurdle
that our small grain producers have
to get over in those areas of the
state where winter wheat is the
major crop, and when it comes
through the winter in good shape,
everyone feels that we are launched
on a rather successful season.
This is a questionable observation,
however, as the acreage of spring
wheat in the state is much larger
than that of winter wheat. However,
it does mean that there will be no
additional cost in time, money and
seed in replanting large areas that
have gone out over winter.
While on this trip we went
through several days when the
winds were high and rather heavily
laden with farm land. This brought
to mind forcibly the fact that, I'M
less every effort is made to hold this
land in place, conditions can be such
that a repetition of the years of in
tensive soil movement could be close
at hand again.
Fail TO See Danger
1t is evident that producers gen.
orally do not recognize soil blowing
as a real factor in crop production
until that blowing is reflected in
drastic losses in production. The
movement of the soil, coupled with
a fair crop does not seem to impress
producers the way it should.
Most of the movement observed
during this trip was very evident
on fields that were being farmed in
blocks, while those that were
cropped in strips were not being
bothered with soil movement at all.
AS long as the price of wheat is
up and Montana has above average
yields, it seems rather hopeless to
convince anybody that now is a good
time to prepare for years of lower
prices and lower yields, but unless
this sort of a program is put into
operation it is clear as the nose on
a mans face that wheat production
in these unprotected areas is going
to take a terrible licking.
Strip cropping, coupled with stub
BILE mulch fallow seems to be two
of the best ways to prevent soil
movement. If we are to keep our
wheat land in top production then
we must begin to give some consid-
Grafton to those factors that could
very easily give permanency to the
wheat business.
Reseed TO Grass
Another outgrowth of the high
prices and good yields is the large
acreage of sod that is being broker
in all sections of Montana. On the
face of it, it would seem that thi:
practice and the extent TO which i
is being followed may be leading tx
the thing that we had during the
late thirties when retraction in the
wheat acreage left a lot of this lane
idle.
1t would seem only sensible tina
where these tracts of sod are being
broken out the less desirable whea
land on the farm unit be seedes
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-05-15

pU POINT INSECTICIDES: DEtNATss Dbl, tsxoNFs and MARlAIF* In
,eefcides. kRrhlTE* Dnhro sproy, IORO* Confoef Inseefeide, Cotton
Dust No. 10. Gryoite. Leod Arsenoie. colivm Arsenofe, Nicotine
Products, Lime, Svfu, Phenothiozne-leod Asenote Mixture, Paris
Green.
pu PoNI FuNGlCDEs: zERthTE*, feRMkIes, ond PARZATes Organic
fUneieide, COrPeRA Fixed Copper, SUlFORON* ond SUlFORON*X
Wetiobie sufrs. svHw Paste. kRshaTEs Dnhro sproy, Bordeaux
Mixture.
OTHER Du POM MATERIALS: 2,4-D WEED KILLERS, AMMATef Weed
Killer, Du pont Spreoder-Shcker, PARMONE* Pre-horvssf Fruit Drop
Exhibitor, Sproy Adhesive.
sRes. Trade Mark of e. j. du Point de Nemours & Co. dne3
, 1948-03-18
Officials Confer On
Wafer, Soil Conseu,

DR.. ]. A. Bonnet, head Of
the Soil Department Of the
Agricultural Experiment Sta
ton at Rio Piedras, Juan P.
Cordova, Soil Scientist for the
Soil Conservation Service in
San Juan, Mr.. Smith, Soil Re-
search worker and c. K. Rob-
lnson of the Caribbean Com
mission with headquarters in
Trinidad, have been here max
ing q study Of soils and agri-
problems in the Viz
Continued on page 4l
, 1948-03-18
Senior Speaks
Csted Msrketptace

Alberto Senior, President Of
the American Virgin Islands
Society of New York, address
the people Of Christiansted
IN the marketplace last night.
He spoke on the same program
with Hon. Ludwig Harrigan.
Mr.. Senior urged the people
to unite for greater progress
in the Island. He said that he
had visited many places and
institutions since his arrival
had also spoken to many
individuals, in an attempt to
ascertain what is needed and
what Virgin islanders on the
mainland can really do to eff
fectively help. They are ready
and willing to do all they can,
he assured the audience.
, 1948-03-18
Hanigan Replies 10
HMIey's Attack

The Hon. Ludwig Harrigan
replied to attacks made by
Edmund Hurley, former Of
fetal Of the st. Croix Labor
Union, who had written sew
eral letters criticizing him, in
the Christiansted, Public Mar
ket last night. He brought all
the books and records Of the
Union to give the public an
opportunity to see how the
business Of the Union is now
being carried on.
Mr.. Harrigan explained in
detail his entry into, the or
ganization and said that MI.
Hurley, who claimed he. was
in the dark about the Unions
affairs now, "had always been
Continued on pages4l
H 49, ENHH
, 1948-03-18
Scale House AT Orange
Grove Reopens

The Virgin Island Company's
scalehouse at Orange Grove
will be open Thursday and
Friday Of every week, it was
made known by Manuel
Viera, President Of the newly
organized Small Farmers As
ISOLATION.
Mr.. Viera headed a delega-
ton from the organization and
Eugene Schuster, Superinten
dent Of Maintenance Of Woo,
it was decided to reopen the
scalehouse for the conven-
fence of the small farmers in
the area.
, 1948-03-18
FLA Official Here To.
Appraise Canning Plant

Jose Orlando, District Engi-
neer Of the Farmers Home Adj
ministration for Puerto Rico
the Virgin Islands, arriv-
here yesterday for the pur-
pose Of making appraisals of
assets Of the Agricultural As
sociation's properties which
includes the Cannery at 81.
John'swith supplies and equip
ment. Bids for the purchase
Of these items will be opened
in the latter part Of March.
Mr.. Orlando returned to his
headquarters in Puerto Rico
morning.
, 1948-03-18
Tells Congress
Funds Available For
1913 Agriculture Program

Funds for the 1913 Puerto
Rico-Virgin Islands Agricultu-
raj Conservation Program
have been made available and
the Director of the station
here has been notified. The
funds will be spent as outlin-
ed in the Virgin Islands Hand
book for 1948, entitled "Agri-
cultural Conservation Pro-
gram issued in December
1947.
Detailed information on
payments may be obtained
from the Production Market
ing Administration office in
the Post Office Building, the
Agricultural Station or the
Soil Conservation Service.
, 1948-03-18
US. ATTORNEY E
TO ADDRESS c. or c.

Former United States At
General Francis Biddle
will address the members Of
the St. Croix Chamber of Com
merce at their next meeting
which will probably be Tues
day, it was made known this
Afternoon by the Secretary.
The subject of Mr.. Biddle's
talk will be, "The United
States Ia the Modern World. "
, 1948-03-18

tree democratic nations.
Continuing Mi. Truman stat
ed that we cannot meet our
international responsibilities
unless we keep our armed ser
vices up to standard. The
Marshall Plan would be a most
telling contribution toward
peace and the ERP is a striking
example Of democracy at
work.
Il believe we have reached
Continued on pageN
, 1948-03-18
World Situation Serious, Truman Tell
Asks For C~onscrption CompusoyMT

PRESIDENT Truman. speaking before a joint session of
Congress yesterday. told the members that The world situa-
ton Is serious and asked for temporary re-enactment Of CON.
scription and selective service laws in the United States to
stop the growing threat Of Communism. He described the sit.
uation in Europe as critical" and blamed Russia for il. by
their refusal to cooperate with other nations for peace. He
went on to condemn the Soviets for "ruthlessly destroying
, 1948-03-18
Is MILLION BRIToNS
TRUMAN

Fifteen million RritnnS lie
tened to the speech of Presi-
dent Truman yesterday. It was
broadcast over the BIC. A re-
cord European audience listen
ed in from Moscow to Rome,
MOSCOW gave the speech front
page space.
, 1948-03-18
Propaganda" Gromyko
OF Truman Speech

Asked to comment on Pres
ident Truman's speech yester-
day, Russian Delegate Gromy-
ko said, 4 think it was propa-
ganda, mainly for home con-
sumption"
Some leading Republican
Senator's made favorable COM
ments on the Presidents
speech, while several were cri-
teal and felt he was alarming
the country.
, 1948-03-18
It's. Chemical TINT
Arrives II Y. l. Todsy

The Chief Of the Chemical
Warfare Unit Of Panama was
due TO arrive in ST. Thomas
Yesterday with seven other Of.
ficials TO .familiarize .shern-
selves further with the faciIi-
ties available in 81. Thomas
at Water Island and Al the
Submarine base.
No Information las yet been
received Is 70 the decision Of
the Chemical Warfare base On
ST. Tbcmaa
, 1948-03-18
III CoUNCILMEN
RETURN TO 81. THOMAS

Yesterday the three remain
ing Councilmen, Hons. Roy
G. Gordon, Oswald Harris and
Carlos Downing, returned to
st. Thomas.
They came over last week
end to attend the informal
session Of the Legislative As
sembly.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10
MocDougoII hits
key issues

White House TO push through
the desperately needed housing
legislation"
He said that the federal gov
eminent must sponsor the con-
struction of zone and a half mil
lion housing units every year for
the next Is years"
DISCUSSING civil rights be-
fore an interracial audience in
the Slovenic National Home at
Waukegan, MacDougall pointed
out that the GOP-controlled Con-
gress refused 10 pass anti-lynch-
ing and anti-poll tax bills. Hit
ting the Democrats on the same
score, he charged:
Although the Presidents Com
mittee on Civil Rights laid out
commendable program for
democratic equality. Mr.. Truman
reneged on putting any part of
If into action. AS commander
in-chief. he could have done
away with segregation in the
armed forces without any legal
action by Congress"
And at a reception given for
him by Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel
Himmelfarb at Winfield, Mac
Dougall exposed the red-baiting
attacks on the new party and
other progressive forces as San
attempt to divert attention" from
the real issues confronting the
people.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10
Crime school
St. Charles doesn't spare rod

no assurance lat St. Charles that
recommendations of the profess
sional staff would be carried
through"
Mertens was summarily dis
missed by Col. Hodgin for his
in Hodgin's violation of
orders by speaking before a
group of people and giving mis-
leading information that was def
initely detrimental to the school
The violation" according to
Mertens, came about in this man
ner.
A wayward dependent, chan
nelled into St. Charles because
he had no home to go to and
forced to work in the laundry at
Sheridan, where a certain degree
of skill and mental alertness is
necessary in order to operate
laundry machinery, had lost an
arm in laundry extractor.
MERTENS continued:
THE boy was first sent 10 a
local hospital in Sandwich. Ill.
for treatment. The doctor there
stitched this boys arm in what
might have been a premature
fashion. Anyway. the arm began
TO swelI-breaking stitches and
becoming infected. Al this point
tthe boY) was transferred TO ST.
Charles and to the Training
School hospital"
Poor medical attention at St.
Charles, which subsequently led
to infection of the boys arm
stump, was. blamed for the boys
mental condition by doctors at
the Illinao is Neuropsychiatric
Clinic in Chicago, where he was
finally sent for treatment.
After Mertells spoke at meet
ing of the staff of the Clinic,
frankly describing the boys
earlier handling, he was fired by
Hodgin.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10

Ingleside, a counselor at st.
Charles for four months (Oct. 81;
1947 through Feb. 20, 1948), who
is now taking his Masters degree
in clinical psychology at the Uni
versity of Chicago, said that he
wasn't at the reform school long
''before I became a threat to
those who didn't believe in spar
ing the rod and saving the de-
1inquent."
Cassidy said that "most of the
abuses were cases where cottage
parents had kicked or beaten
boys"
WHEN he was employed at st.
Charles, Cassidy said, boys at
Buchanan Cottage had the fol-
lowing grievances:
l. Cigarettes of boys sent to
Buchanan were distrib tie d
among the group without his per-
mission.
2. Boys were not allowed to use
razors.
3. Most newspapers. magazines.
books. were not allowed.
4. Cottage parents allowed only
those radio programs which they
wanted TO hear.
S. Negro boys felt thai preiu-
dice existed because Negro news
papers. magazines and radio
programs were not allowed.
y
WOODROW Mertens, of SAP
Harper, who tookh Masters de-
gree at the University of Chica-
COS Divinity School, and who
e was a counselor at ST. Charles
from Jan. 81 through April IA,
1948, said that "counselors had
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10
CLIFFORD Cassidy, Of SAB
New book club
widely hoiIed

This, week, S. A. Russell, presi-
dent of the newly formed Liber-
ty Book Club, 220 w. And ST.,
New York City, reported that
first announcement of the new
club in newspapers across the
nation has met with lover
whelming response"
Pointing out that under the
governments minimum wage
scale for workers-the majority
of city workers do not even re-
ceive this minimum wage = a
worker is only able to purchase
one book per year, Russell ex-
planned that the new clubs low
price of $1.20 per. book (plus a
charge of 15-cents POSTAGE will
enable them to reach a vast new
field of readers.
Formed by progressiyes,
who, Russell said, believe that
book classics belong to the peo-
ple-at prices the people can af-
ford-Liberty Book Club is off
ering as it's first selections: Up
ton Sinclair's moving expose Of
conditions in Chicago's Stock
Yards, "The Jungle; an early
story by Howard Fast, ''The Chill
dren"; Gwyn Thomas 1.-THE Dark
Philosophers" and ga no tn r
Such Victory" by John D. Weav-
err.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10

ern Illinois, including Lake, Du-
Page, and Kane counties.
Weekly visits to other sections
will bring the Progressive mess
age to all parts of the state.
MAC DOUGALL. one of five
commissioners on the Cook
County Housing Authority and
director of the Public Housing
Assn, told a rally in McCarty
Park at Aurora that the Repub-
lican-Democratic bipartisan coali-
ton was responsible for the lack
of new BODYBUILDING.
THE Republican m ajoritY
made no attempt TO put through
an adequate housing program"
MacDougall pointed out. "and
there was no attempt by the
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10
Big turnout makes
Star picnic success

Highlight of the afternoons
activities was a speech by Curtis
D. MacDougall, Progressive Party
candidate for U. S. Senator.
MacDougall told his listeners
that TO live. organized labor
must be politically conscious as
well as job conscious"
HE OPENED up a whitening
attack on Paul H. Douglas, his
Democratic opponent, by quoting
from pamphlet written by
Douglas in 1880:
"Progressives are discovering
that the attempt to bore from
within the two old parties de-
prives labor of both a continu-
ing and a permanent political
organization and the enthusiasm
which are both needed TO edu-
cate the public mind 10 the ne
cessitY of great and fundamental
changes in our economic and po-
liticaI organization.
- Moreover many progressives
are now realizing that the build
ing of a separate progressive
labor party is a powerful stimu-
liant to the old parties to advo-
cate and to put into effect GER
tain immediate reforms, lest
votes be taken away from them
by the new party"
+ =
WHY DOES Douglas now OPP
pose the Wallace-led "progres-
sive-1abor" party so bitterly?
MacDougall asked. Because he
has become a, COMPROMISED, flat
tered by the old-line politicians
of the Democratic Partys He has
sold out the new labor party
that he once desired before it
is even nicely started"
Donald Hesson, PPI candidate
for state attorney general, also
addressed the throng, which ear
lier had heard songs by Big Bill
Broonzy and Win Stracke Studs
Terkel, popular disc jockey, was
master of ceremonies.
THERE was dancing in the
pavilion TO the music of Lennie
Biggett's orchestra. There were
bingo and other games of chance
or skill
The kids rode ponies. went en-
thralled around a miniature rail-
road with cars just big enough
for them. chased after list of
objects in scavenger hunt. and
Joined together in games of their
own.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10
BY ISABEL CARR

THE turn over of staff
Il members at the Illinois
State Training School has
been shockingly high.
Col. j. C. Hodgin, placed as
head of the reform school by
political friendships within Gov.
Dwight Green's tight little circle
of COP buddies, told me. when
I visited st. Charles, that 25
members of the administrative
staff had resigned or been fired
during his Observation-Disclosures
stretch as superintendent.
Most of those rs former st.
Charles staff members, with
whom I talked, resigned, they
said, because there is no effort
to develop a treatment program
to combat delinquent tendencies
among the juvenile wards.
although ST. Charles has
state quota of l3 Social Service
workers-whose job ii is to coun-
sci boys and TO help them in re-
facilitating themselves - there
are only five such counselors
now employed there. None of
them is professionally trained.)
ATTEMPTS to set up treat
ment program have met with
stubborn resistance from Hodgin,
who told me sourly: Before you
have treatment program, you
have to have some place to put
it It's not necessary here
-. The maladjusted boy, after
he gets into this kind of a group,
will normally adjust himself
Hodgin's philosophy doesn't
work. as we have learned from
the statement of Clifford K.
Shaw. director of the Illinois In.
sfitute for Juvenile Research,
who pointed out that between
SIS and rs per cent of the boys
who are sent TO ST. Charles :.
acquire records of crime after
they leave the institution"
Chronic alcoholics don't ad-
just themselves normally, neither
do juvenile Acknowledgment
ally when the delinquent, as at
st. Charles, is thrown in with
other boys already hardened in
the ways of crime.
sb ~
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10

Those w ere
t h e questions
raised by Curtis
D. MacDougall,
Progressive can
didate for U. S..
Senator, as he
opened up his
summer c a m :
paign in a four
day c a r a v a n
tour of north
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10

An estimated $500 persons
turned out last Sunday at
Justice Park Gardens near Will
low Springs to celebrate indie
pendence Day and the second
anniversary of The Chicago Star.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10

This is the fourth and last in
a series of exclusive Star articles
on the Illinois State Training
School for Boys at ST. Charles.
Ill.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-07-10

Why is there a housing short
age? Why are Negroes denied
civil rights? What's behind the
"Red" scare?
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08
THE TEXACC MAN
JACK POULSEN

81 am convinced that Zion
has a great future and that is
the main reason that [ am in
business here now" stated
Jack Poulsen, operator of the
Texaco Firestone Service Sta
ton located on the northwest
corner of Sheridan Road and
10Th Street.
The Texaco station operates
seven days a week and is open
on week days from z a. m. to
9 p. m. and on Sundays and
holidays from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m.
Besides the regular bumper to
bumper service on fabrication,
the Texaco also offers special
service on the ignition and the
brakes. Mr.. Poulsen revealed
tContinued on Page 10Y
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08
OVERSEER LEE
CONCLUDES HIS VISIT
IN BRITISH GUIANA

Bartica, B. G.,
November %, 1913
Dear General Overseer:
Peace to Thee!
The work of inspection here
in Britist Guiana is virtually
completed. The trip to the in
terror was very interesting and
Continued on page ~
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08
ZION EXCHANGE CLUB
HONORS JABEZ TAYLOR

The Zion Exchange Club at
it's last November luncheon
meeting at Peacy's Manor
House, Tuesday, November 80,
saluted Elder Jabez Taylor. 1t
has been the clubs habit to
select a fellow citizen and sa-
lutte such a person at it's last
meeting of the month, as the
Continued on page s.
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08
REHEARSAL

Saturday morning at II am.
the Primary class of Zion Bible
school will meet in the Kinder
garten Room of the College
Building for rehearsal for the
Bible Schools Christmas pro-
gram and treat Sunday eve
ming, Dec. &c at 7:45 p. m. to
be given in Zion Auditorium.
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08
ZION COMMUNITY CHEST
FAILS TO REACH GOAL

According to all indications
Zion does not want Com
munity Chest. The goal for
this year was $4,000 of which
$4,000 has been collected. Ev-
cry cent of the money obtain
ed is spent in Zion and all
comes back to the Zion people
CONTINUED on Page 81
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08

OF ORDINANCES PRESENTLY in Inv
FORCE IN THE CITY OF ZION WHICH
PROHIBIT THE OPERATION OF BUS
INEsSEs, LABOR OR TRADE IN ZION No
ON SUNDAY BE REPEALED?
It will be from the above that citizens asked
TGs G SSt e of wea Se
tween Sunday and any other day Of the week. +ho Ballot
the s
ing their Ballet in the square after the word No then THE
Lords that the majority Of in
TINS TN e h1 b~ ved m of his
business a 7-day-week basis
day faced with the ea2ics
take sn on % the Of o ali
keeping their hardware furniture clothing shoe store
It is in no sense question
dnanees for that not the question which we call
ed decide There question: and question oniy
"sHALL ALL ORDINANCES AND PARTS
OF ORDINANCES PRESENTLY IN FORCE IN
THE CITY OF ZION WHICH PROHIBIT THE
OPERATION OF BUSINESSES, LABOR OR
TRADE IN ZION ON SUNDAY BE REPEALED?
community wish Of the hands duly
ordnance COVERING this or anv Others matter as thew in their
shall decide the best interests of the citizens
To ask City Officials to revise and bring up-to-
date and then o a y arc these or materials
1aE n r %
minded citizen should mark his her Ballot with fol-
lowing the word Ono"
LOOKING AT THE ELECTION FROM THE
CHRISTIANS VIEWPOINT
When looking at this question
those who believe that Jesus died
led in Josephs tomb, and from the the first
week. ready that every
God sincerity and truth and who believes that day in
should observed of worshipa
of the triumph
the graveshould mark his or her Ballot with following the
word mo-.
Can be possible that in the City of Zon city founded
by whose rang around the world calling
women together to establsh city where Gods Name
should be honored and adored city for which
forsook home and friends it be that this
be found enough who for the love of money
he of all evil the love of worldly pleasure the
red for all that good NOBLE will the polls
ryng this election take from City Officials the right
ordinances governing the conducting and of bust
the first day the week? throw this city almost
and thereby encourage the Devil and his hosts
Eorzzar toa axruzLox
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08

ZION BAND PICTURE
See the large new Zion Jun
ior Band picture on pages 6
and seven.
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08
THE DECEMBER 21st ELECTION

VOTERS of the CITY OF ZION, who 60 to the Polls
will handed Official Ballots the face
Of which will appear the following proposition:
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-12-08

SHALL ALL ORDINANCES AND PARTS
OF ORDINANCES PRESENTLY IN
FORCE IN THE CITY OF ZION WHICH
PROHIBIT THE OPERATION OF BUS
INESSES, LABOR OR TRADE IN ZION
ON SUNDAY BE REPEALED?