davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-06-01
IL. 5. Outlay Falling
800 Million Short Of
White House Figure
ky Me Assseistsd Press

Government spending is falling
short Of White House estimates for
the fiscal year now drawing to .
close.
Fiscal experts said privately today
that Treasury .outlays will run be-
tween $500, ,ooe 900 and 500. .0oo. 900
below President Truman's January
forecast Of 81, ,7zs, ,00o, 600.
The chief reason, they said, is that
actual spending for foreign aid has
failed to hit expected levels, partly
because the European Recovery Pro-
gram got into operation behind
schedule.
ERP Has Used Only $5ee ~.
With only one month to go. ERP
expenditures so far total under
$500 OO0-or less than one-tenth Of !
per cent of the $500, 900 900 budget
allowance for the year ending
June 80.
Underspending on the scale now
forecast assures q historic surplus
of at least $1,000, ,00o, 900.
There even is a fair chance for =
81 SOC, 900 900 surplus-Mr. Truman's
January figure-despite the new tax
cut, which had been calculated ON
cially to trim the excess cash to
50. .900, ,00o, 900.
Some Government analysts be-
lieve revenue will run 5000, 900 900 to
500, 900 900 above the $44 $40, 900 900
figure which has stood as the on
cial estimate since the tax cut
knocked $500, 900 900 of the higher
January forecast.
Fund Shift May Cut Surplus.
Omcially. however, the Treasury
is standing pat on the $44,6lo, 900 900
revenue guess.
One thing that could take 4 big
bite out Of the June 80 surplus Is q
Republican proposal in Congress to
shift s., 900 ,0O0, 900 Of this years left
over cash to next years books.
The purpose Of the shift-strictly
matter of rearranging bookkeeping
entries-would be to bolster next
years weaker budget prospects. Mr..
Truman in January put the prob
able June 80, 1910, surplus at only
's4, 300 ,000, 900. Since then there have
been predictions that the tax cut
bill might lead to 4 deficit on that
date,
Evening star., 1948-06-01

Father, it seems, is little bit behind in his
homework.
But the situation is we'll in hand. That's
because father has a real friend working for
him always bright and ready to lend hand.
It's your friend Nickel. the metal that's such
a faithful servant in your modern kitchen
When it comes time to tidy up, you'll find
Nickel in the automatic dishwasher that whirls
and sprays your troubles away. And in the Stain
less Steel pans and silvery sink that shine up
like new. Yes, even in the rustproof Monel water
heater tank that sends you clean, hot water.
And when you put your next meal on your
electric range, Nickel-chromium heating units
sheathed with Incone cook it with quick, clean
heat at..while Nickel alloys in the thermostat and
timing device make sure it's done to turn. And
Your Unseen Friend" Nickel in the electric
coffee maker and toaster helps complete the meal.
Why do these modern miracles serve you 70
Evening star., 1948-06-01

grams Of fat q month for consumers
over the age Of 10. Cereal and
dried fruit rations also will be In
creased.
The other sections Of the bizonal
area will receive . normal consumer
ration Of l.4o5 calories day, the
report said. adding that these areas
defaulted on their full quotas Of
foodstuH collections and deliveries.
Evening star., 1948-06-01
Paris Of Bi.zonal Reich
Gel New Food Increase
BY me Asseeiefsd Press

BERLIN, June l.-For the third
successive month normal consumers
In some parts Of the American
British bixonal area will get an in
crease in food rations, Gen. Lucius
-. Clay's semimonthly military gov.
ernor's reportvaid today.
The normal consumer ration in
Hesse, W,aerttemhers- Baden, Ere
men and Hamburg viii be lifted
from 1888 Galleries daily In May TO
I SIS calories . day for June. the
report said. The main improve
ment win be IN increase TO 500
Evening star., 1948-06-01
Q0beu there's 1Vork to be done. D.. eN1ckel is
"A Friend in Deed"

long and well? Because Nickel alloys, like Monel
and Stainless Steel, fight wear laugh at hard
knocks. don't chip or rust.
In many places around your home INCO
Nickel serves you Unseen, because it's combined
with other metals. That's why Nickel is called
Your Unseen Friend"
Learn many oays Nickel products eo, help you.
Write for your free copv of the interesting book
let, Metal Headaches PU Never Haze Again" I"
Address Dept. Tx.
THE tN1ERNATIoMAl NICKEL COMPANY, me.
New York g., w.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-01-01
NeuU Year Marks the
Birth of Great Men

JANUARY / has marked the birth
y of no less than three prominent
Americans who have played a vital
role in the development of their
country.
OF the three, Paul Revere Is the
most famous. Born in 1875 to a
French goldsmith named Rivors,
who had changed 1t to Revere, Paul
followed in his fathers footsteps to
become one of the leaders of the
metalware industry in the infant re-
public. But his chief distinction, of
course, lay in his historic midnight
ride of ITS to warn the New Eng
land countryside that the Redcoats
we're coming.
MAD Anthony" Wayne, one of
the most colorful figures in Ameri-
can history, was born on New
Years Day in 1745 in Chester Coun-
ty, Pa. A relentless and aggressive
fighter, he distinguished himself
at Brandywine, Germantown and
White Marsh In the Revolutionary
war, and then aided In subduing the
Indians in the west to permit the
settlement Of the new country be-
yond the Alleghenies.
NEW YEARS Day, 1852, Betsy
~ Ross was born Elizabeth Girls.
com in Philadelphia, Pa. She mar.
ried the merchant Ross and aided
him In the upholstery business,
gaining wide recognition for hel
attractive materials and skillfu,
shapes. Washington, Franklin anc
Adams were among the Ross Gus
toners, 30 when the Continental
Congress Of 1777 resolved that a fiaf
symbolizing the thirteen colonies b,
made, Betsy's friends at court has
her commissioned for the work.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-01-01

colleges, charities, and foundations.
Nor do these include gross income of
dealer-owned cooperatives and other
organizations not generally recogniz-
ed as tax-exempt but which use the
patronage dividends. Thus the total
gross volume of business income for
the year 1945, estimated as above
stated, amounts to $11.571, 900 900.
Based on this gross figure. Mr.
Parker developes the trend, and he
estimates gross income for the years
1912 to 1850, inclusive, as well as
the tax evenu lost for those years.
Amendments Considered
While new legislation is under
consideration by the Ways and
Means Committee, it is natural that
the feeling for and against coopera-
tives would run high. Lack of under
standing of the exemptions adds to
the confusion. For example, Repre-
sentative Wright Patman of Texas
is quoted as having said last Thurs
day reported by the Associated
Press that "a partnership in BUSH
ness occupies exactly the same tax
status as a coop is so far as patron
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-01-01

age refunds or dividends are con-
cerned. A partnership as an entity,
does not pay taxes, but the earnings
of the partnership, when distribu-
ted to its members are liable for
Federal income taxes"
While it is true that a partner
ship, not being a taxable entity, does
not pay taxes, the partners r re-
quired to pay income taxes on their
distributive shares of the partner
ship earnings, whether or not such
earnings the paid over to the part
ners. On this premise, the members
of cooperatives should be taxed up
on the distributions made to them,
however labeled.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-01-01

Association, stated that he estimated
for the calendar year l945, that the
gross volume of business income in
the United States, which was not
subject to income tax amounted to
at least $11,571,000." He estimated,
moreover, that for the year 1850, if
| there be no change in present law
in respect of cooperatives, the gross
volume will be over $20,000,000,000.
Loss on Tdxes Estimated
Based upon the present trend of
| expansion, MI. Parker estimated that
cooperatives will probably bring
| about a revenue loss to the treasury
in the next five years of approxima-
tely $2,O00,000,000. For the purpose
| of the estimate of annual net in
come it was assumed that the "volu-
me of business in the hands of tax
| able corporations would amount to
about SO per cent" of the gross fig
ure. As a margin of average net
income, this rate seems conserva-
tive and reasonable.
In constructing his gross volume
of business, Mr.. Parker used the de-
ductive method - proceeding from
the known to the unknown" ele-
ments. The latest information avail
able from statistics of the Bureau of
Internal Revenue on tax-exempt in
come is for the year 1943. Mr.. Park
er took as his starting point the gross
income figure of Farmers Market
ing and Purchasing Cooperative As
sociations in the United States,
1944-45 marketing season, published
by the Farm Credit Administration
of the United States Department of
Agriculture.
Other Reports Considered
This basic figure is $5,645, 100000.
But this does not include all farmer
cooperative business income. One
of these items is the gross income of
consumer cooperatives, which, based
on the figure published by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.
S. Department of Labor for 1945, re-
duced by a margin to allow for du-
plications as reported by the Farm
Credit Association, amounts to ST.
152,000,000. The foregoing items,
however, do not include gross in
come from commission business of
c~ooperatives" from report of tech
meal stats of the Joint Committee,
the Treasury and the Bureau of In
ternal Revenue) estimated at 33 per
cent of $5,645, ZOO, 1000, amounting to
81, 1863 ,000,0 900 and gross income from
farmers cooperative business at ter
minal market, wholesale and manu-
featuring levels, estimated by Mr.
Parker at $1,411,000,000.
The aggregate total OF the fore
going mentioned items is $lO,O7l'-
100000. To this is added the gross
business income of organizations en-
joying complete or practically COM
plete" tax exemption, estimated at
not less than $1,000, 600, 1000 for 1s45.
This comprehends gross income from
business conducted in competition
with ordinary business, by churches
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-01-01
Business Of Cooperafives Placed In Billions.
By Former Internal Revenue Tax Expert

No government statistics Of such
figures are as yet available. A care
full and conservative estimate has
been prepared, however, by one who
by reason of an experience over a
period of more than a decade, en-
joys a reputation for outstanding re-
liability in connection with the pre-
paration of such estimates.
Lowell II. Parker, formerly CHIEF
of staff of the Congressional joint
Committee on Internal Revenue TAX
alton, appearing a few days ago pc
fore the Ways and Means Commit
tee for the National Tax Equaiity
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-01-01
Treasury Stands To
Lose Over 81 Billion
In Next Five Years
By GODFREY N. NELSON

The mention of volume of business
done by wholly and partly tax-ex-
empt cooperatives generally touches
a sensitive chord in the minds Of adj
vocates Of this form of tax exempt
ion. A year ago, when it was here
suggested that cooperative orgari-
cations did an annual business OF
$4,000 100000, some bitter excep-
tions were taken to that statement.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-01-01

The telescope in the astronomy OBJ
servatory at the University of Mis-
sissippi was made in and imported
from Dublin, Ireland.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
John l.. Lewis Wins Pensions For His Miners At 62 Years

WASHINGTON, -(P)-John L. Lewis won Sl00-a month pensions at age 62 for his miners today and gave the striking coal diggers word to go back to work.
 Lewis had asked the pensions at the age of 60, but accepted a proposal from Senator Bridges R-ND to put the figure two years higher. Ezra Van Horn, repres- enting the mine operators in neg citations with Bridges and Lewis, opposed the plan but was out voted.
 With the agreement, Lewis tele- graphed his miners:
 Pensions granted. Agreement honored."
 That was the word the miners were waiting for. They walked out four weeks ago on advice from Lewis that the mine owners had "dishonored" an agreement to pro- vide welfare benefits. At Pittsburgh, district leader of the United Mine Workers said return-to-Work movement would begin upon receipt of the tele- gram.
 Tt looks like the miners will be going back to work" said Will liam J. Hynes, president of UNIV district 4, which includes the Un- iOntoWn coal and coke producing area.
 As for the settlement Hynes said:
 T think that's a fine settlement" Despite the settlement, the Jus tice Department went ahead with move to nail a contempt of court
 Continued on Page Five)
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
Heavy Fighting For Holy City

JERUSALEM, - (P)-Jerusa- lem's outskirts were bombarded with heavy artillery fire at sun- set Saturday as the Jew-Arab fight for the approaches to the Holy City went into its second week.
 Arab field guns stationed in the Judean mountains hurled eight 25-pound shells into the Jewish suburbs of Givat Shaul Chill of SauD. This is 1000 yards from Deir Yassin, which the Jewish striking force occupied Friday.
 The attack, at nightfall, cli- maxed a savage day of fighting for a half dozen points along the Jerusalem end of the Judean mountain highway connecting the Holy City with the coastal plain. Both Arabs and Jews issued coun- terclaims about places captured. Arabs said they had recaptured Kassel, a key point between Je- rusalem and Tel Aviv.
 Jewish sources declined to com ment on the status of the village.
 Kassel, five miles northwest of Jerusalem, has changed hands sev- eral times during the past week
 An official Arab spokesman said the position was reoccupied' after five hours of fighting.
 Jews, seeking to keep open a supply route for Jerusalem's 100,- 900 hungry Jews, had recaptured Kassel Friday after previously losing it.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
Forrestal Urges UNIT and Draft

WASHINGTON, -(P)-Defense secretary Forrestall told Congress that pushbutton war still is an il- fusion and that total warfare of today rests on manpoWer.
 Urging prompt action on draft and universal training bill, For restal testified before the House Armed Services committee:
 Not in our lifetime or in that of the next generation do I fore see the time when a strong mili- tary potential will not be needed to back up our diplomacy"
 Forrestal said that with adop- ton of UNIT, the draft could be halted as soon as the nations reg ular military forces reach a safe level. But without UNIT, a draft may be necessary indefinitely, he added.
 The committee is holding hear ings on a bill by committee chair man Andrews R-NY. The meas ure would make men 19 through 25 years of age subject to enlist ment or induction whenever the president decides voluntary en- liStmentS will not fill out the armed forces ranks.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
Dixie Democrats Disagree With Truman Program

ATLANTA, -(P)-Dixie Dem ocratic chieftains met today to chart their fight against President Truman's civil rights program.
 They quickly denounced res olution by the midwest Democratic conference calling on them to jump aboard the Truman for Presi- dent bandwagon.
 So. Carolina Democratic Chair man William P. Baskin, who called the barley, wanted to know: Where did they find that band wagon"
 J. O. Emmerick of McComb, Miss, representing Mississippi chairman Herbert Holmes, said: "We would be highly uncomfort- able on that bandwagon even if it existed"
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
U. $. Demands
 Italy Admitted To U. IN. Membership

LAKE SUCCESS, - P)-The United States demanded today that Italy be admitted to the United Nations immediately.
 U. s. delegate Warren R. Austin told the Security Council that an other veto of the application could be interpreted by the world only as an expression of the Soviet's lack of friendship for the Italian people.
 The United States, Britain and France jointly reopened the Italian application in the Council, where Russia twice vetoed it in 1947. The move was timed with this months Italian election, where the Communists are fighting for con- trol.
 Austin said a grave injustice had been done to the Italian people by the Russian vetoes.
 "We ask that they immediate ly be granted their rightful pos ition among nations," the Ameri- can delegate added.
 sdie keq. K h cmfwyp K
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
.Jinx Boat Carries Corpses, No Fish

SAN DIEGO, Calf, -(P)-The ANNA K, known in the Tuna fleet as a jinx boat, docked vest erday with two corpses-instead of fish-in the cold storage hold.
 FBI agents said Captain Har- old w. Hansen, 49, told them:
 Luiz Zamora, 30, a Mexican national, ran amok with a galley knife. Zamora stabbed his friend, Carlso Asin, 28, a U. s. citizen and war hero of the Italian cam paign.
 As Asin bled to death on deck, Zamora stabben Hansen in the back with harpoon and repeat edly clubbed him. ..
 Hansen ordered the crewmen to kill Zamora with 12-gauge shotgun.
 The killings occurred a week ago off the Mexican coast. Since then, the ANNA K had roamed far to sea to escape a Mexican coast guard ship sent to investigate.
 The FBI said no charges would be filed.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
NEWS TN BRIEF

JUNEAU, -(P)-No settlement has been reached in a wage dis pute between the Juneau Contract Ors Association and the AFL Car penters Association, whose mem berS staged walkout April l.
 The contractors have declined to negotiate with the union, con- tending it is not certified by the National Labor Relations Board.
 The carpenters are seeking a 25 cents an hour raise to bring their scele to $2.25.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
Soviets Expected To Try Influence Italian Election

WASHINGTON, - HD Some spectacular Russian act to influ- ence Italy's elections is expected by American officials after the brusque Western suggestion that Russia make up her mind about Trieste.
 The United States, Britain and France Friday asked the U.S.S.R. to take a stand-without further delay-on their proposal to turn the disputed city back to Italy.
 Moscow has kept silent since the plan yves advanced unexpect- edly March 20 and quickly accept ed by the Italian Premier De Gas peri's anti-communist government.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
Colombia Breaks Diplomatic Relat'n With Russia
By Associated Press

COLOMBIA has broken diplo- matic relations with Russia, the government radio said today, fol- lowing the arrest of two Russian agents in connection with the revolution which devastated down. town Bogota, killed more than 300 Colombians and forced a re- vision in the government.
 The government declared a "Communist instruction" had brought about the mob fury which ruled Bogota and other large cities for two days and disrupted the Inter American conference.
 In calling home their diplomatic representatives to Russia, the Col ombians took the same action that had been ordered last October by Brazil and Chile.
 The official Bogota radio said l5 foreign agents in all had been found, some of them alive.
 The broadcast announced that the Inter-American conference will resume in Bogota "So that Com munism could not triumph over Colombia and the rest of the na- tions of the hemisphere. Possible joint action against Communism by the American nations is one of the problems slated for dis cuSsion in the sessions.
 The government declared the revolutionary effort was ended and that it controlled the situ- ation today. And in confirmation. dispatch filed through the U. s. State Department said that Bog otans at dawn today began com ing out of their homes in numbers unequalled since Friday night.
 They saw a city wrecked as if in an air raid. Public buildings, Roman Catholic Churches and stores had been burned and footed. Army troops firing at snipers, had blasted the spire off Santa Bar bara church.
 The whole country was under martial law and a state of seige imposed by the new coalition gov ernment.
 Meantime Soviet Russia imposed fresh regulations upon western traffic in her zones of Germany and Austria over the weekend.
 Russian guards delayed Brit ish military trains bound both to and from Vienna at a Semmering
 Continued on Page Three)
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
GUAYAQUIL, Equador, -

GUAYAQUIL, Equador, -(P)-- A radio broadcast station at Per- eira, in southern Colombia, broad cast an announcement Saturday that President Mariana Ospina Perez has declared martial law throughout Colombia.
 The broadcast said pm. cur few has been ordered by the Co., ombia army. The order was at- tributed to Col. Gustavo Rojas, commander of the army in the de- partment of Caldas. Traffic is pro- hibited after curfew hour with out military permission.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12

DECATUR, H., -(P)-A tor nado has spread the word around that Dorothy Plegg is a straight "A" pupil in Fosterburg, III.
 Her report card was found Sat urday sticking in a hedge on a farm at Bearsdale, near Decatur. The girls parents said it must have been carried 80 miles by the torn ado which destroyed the Foster burg school building on March 20
 The Plegg home escaped dam age although the storm hit sev- eral others nearby.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
Greek Cuerrillas
 Take Small Town

ATHENS, - R)-A sizeable force of guerrillas has driven into Kalavryta, in the Peloponnesus, and street fighting is under way, an official report said today.
 Sketchy reports said two mili- tary units sent to relieve the town, g miles southeast of Patrai Pat- ras), had been ambushed but that one of them managed to get ar ound Nhe ambush to join the de- lenders.
 It was at Kalavryta where Ger mans killed more than 2,000 Greeks during the war.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
LOS ANGELES,

LOS ANGELES, -(P)-A tri- state study has been proposed to bring back the absentee sardine to Pacific waters.
 California, Washington and Or egon experts-from state agencies and commercial fisheries-will be- gin investigation at once, Cali fornia officials said Saturday. Ex- pert consensus to date has it the sardine has just been virtually fiShed out.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
MILLSTADT, H., -(Rl-Far.

MILLSTADT, H., -(P)-Far- mer Joseph 'Hobelman's smoke house went up in smoke and $5,000 in currency went with it.
 After the fire the ashes of the money were found in a tin box which Hobelman had secreted in an old stove in the smokehouse.
 Bremen wrote in their report loss, building $500; contents $5,OOO.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12

ASUNCION, Paraguay, -P)- Paraguayan police announced Sat urday they had scotched an att tempted Communist coup.
 They said it was coordinated with similar moves in other count
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
SPOKANE, Wash.,- (P)-Ten

SPOKANE, Wash.,- P)-Ten B-29 Superfortresses are sched- uled to return here to their base today after a flight from Yokota, Japan, with one stop at Anchor age, Alaska The bombers have been participating in maneuvers with the Far Eastern Air Force for the past month.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12

DALLAS, Texas, -(P)-Forty- five persons were injured, five critically, in a head-on crash of two interurban trains just north of Vickery in Dallas County at 7:55 am. Saturday.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12

It is impossible to express in words the deep appreciation we feel for this most generous gest- ure on the part of the Non Com misSioned Officers of Marks Field.
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12
HOSPITAL FUND CONTINUES TO GROW

The emergency hospital build ing is nearly completed, it was an nounced yesterday by Carl Gla- vinovich, supervisor in charge of the rehabilitation of the building. The building has been repaired in every part necessary to make it safe for hospital purposes. Paint ing should be finished in the next day or two. All parts of the en- ergency building are ready for reception of equipment, which will arrive soon. MT. Glavinovich'S s crews have done a remarkable job of renovation.
 Following is an additional list of contributions to the Emergency AzI
The Nome nugget., 1948-04-12

ries aimed at interfering with the Inter-American Conference.