davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-05-15

successful spraying rig should have
the following basic units for effec-
tive application:
l. An adequate supply tank for
carrying the spray solution. The
size may range from a few to sew
eral hundred gallons. 1t should be
made of steel or galvanized iron so
that it will not rust, corrode, or scale
off small particles which tend to
clog the MOBILES or screens.
Z. A pump and power unit capable
of delivering constant pressure OF
spray within the range of 80 to 100
pounds per square inch. Pressures
lower than 30 pounds usually do not
divide the spray finely enough.
Pressures higher than 100 pounds
divide the spray into a mist, much
of which is lost through drift and
rapid evaporation. Several types of
pumps, including rotary, centrifugal,
turbine, rubber impeller and plunger
pumps have proved satisfactory for
the spray units.
3. A boom. with nozzles installed,
varying in length from Is to 40 feet.
The longer booms are usually made
in three parts so that they a be
folded up for transportation, getting
through gates, and so forth. The
Joints between the sections of the
pipe are sometimes made with flex-
ible hose, while in other installations
the joint itself carries the liquid.
MOBILES are installed on the boom
at about Is to 29-inch intervals, and
are carried approximately Is inches
above the top of the weeds. AL
tubes, piping and connections should
be made of non-corrosive, non-rust-
ing metal in order to reduce the pos
sibility of clogging the small nozzles
4. A pressure reduction valve OF
pressure regulator of some type il
very necessary. The diaphragm type
of pressure reduction valve will b.
most satisfactory in regulating anC
maintaining a uniform low pressure
With this system it is necessary tina
the pump furnish a pressure some
what higher than that required Oh
the boom. 1t can be-as high as sew
eral hundred pounds.
The pressure reduction valve re
duces the pressure and keeps it con
slant on the boom. The pressure reg
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-05-15

pound and can therefore be used in
maintaining very uniform pressure.
s. A valve which will turn the n
tire stream from the boom and BY
pass it back to the tank is desirable.
An ordinary three-way valve is
satisfactory. When it is necessary to
remove the pressure from the boom,
such as at the end of a strip, or when
changing from field to another,
it is only necessary to turn this
valve and bypass the liquid back
into the tank without shutting down
the pump or pressure regulator. To
resume operation, this valve is again
turned to apply the pressure to the
boom.
7. Fine e ms are necessary.
Since the hole in the nozzle is very
small, even very fine particles of dirt
will clog it. Therefore, it is neces-
sary to have at least one, and pref
erably two screens in the system
ahead of the nozzles. Screens of 100
to 200 mesh are preferable.
The pressure applied to a nozzle
is very important, insofar as it de-
termines the amount of spray. For
a nozzle to apply 10 gallons per acre
travelling at a speed of 4 miles per
hour, covering an 18-inch strip, it
should deliver Is ounces of spray
per minute. This is two standard
measuring cupfuls, or one pint.
When the sprayer is first ready
for use, and occasionally during the
operating season, it should be
checked for rate of spray delivery.
Catch the spray from one nozzle for
one minute in some container and
measure it accurately. When the
pressure is regulated to give the
exact amount of Spray required,
record the pressure on the low pres
sure gauge. During operation, main
tain this pressure at all times.
For different gallonages, the fol-
lowing table is a celebration chart
which gives the n of spray pei
minute necessary to provide the
necessary number of gallons pei
acre.
CELEBRATION CHART
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-05-15
CHART

Amount of spray per minute from
each nozzle for various gallonages
please turn to page 18)
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-05-15

sure. economical. it is made Of the finest moteriuls ovoil-
uble. And every HANSON SpRAYER comes with complete
instructions for ~newlowgulonuge sprdY methods proved
in l947 on more than 100000 acres of groin crops. Using
oil forms of light or heavy spruYing solutions. the HANSON
is costly attached to tractor. jeep. truck or trailer.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Arkansas Judge Raps
ManhandIing Of Negro
By the Assoeiofsd Press


LITTLE ROCK, Ark, April "a
Dallas County law-enforcement Of
ficer's alleged mistreatment OF q
Negro arrested on misdemeanor
charge was assailed from the bench
by a Federal Judge here yesterday.
Judge T. c. Trimble said the
shooting and blackjacking of the
Negro, Evern Smith, was lone OF
the most dastardly crimes ever COM
mitted by men who pretend to be
officers"
Judge Trimble directed a verdict,
however, refusing Smiths claim for
$4,000 damages sought from two
bonding companies of Dallas County
Sheriff j. B. Atkinson. The claim
was rejected, the Judge said, be-
cause It could not be proved the
officer who allegedly mistreated the
man was deputized by the sheriff.
Smith told the court he was pres
ent when Carthage City Marshal
Louis Sims and a deputy; sheriff
sought to break up dice game
near Carthage last June. He testi-
fed he was shot by Sims, and that
despite abdominal gunshot wounds
he was beaten with blackjack and
forced to walk three-quarters OF a
mile into Carthage.
A doctor testified that later in
the day he performed four-hour
operation on Smith.
This man was not even treated
like human being" declared Judge
Trimble. HE was treated like a
dog"
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Best May Testify for Self
As ONLY Defense Witness
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

BOSTON, April 9.-Robert H.
Best, former American newsman
charged with treason, may testify
as the defense's only witness next
week.
Counsel indicated yesterday the
only other witness being considered
for defense presentation Is Best's
sister Louise. She obtained leave
from her post as head OF a Meth
odist boarding school for girls in
Brazil to be near her brother dur
ing trial.
The trial adjourned yesterday un-
til Tuesday to await recovery Of a
key witness, Edward Sitter, who is
i'll with the mumps.
Special Assistant Attorney Gen.
eral Tom de Wolfe told Federal
Judge Francis J. w. Ford and IA
man jury that the prosecutions case
was complete except for Sittler's
testimony.
Sitter was one of the principal
witnesses at the trial last June at
which Douglas Chandler, an alleged
associate of Best, was convicted Of
treason. He was sentenced to life
imprisonment.
The prosecutor said Sitter worked
with Best and Chandler in the short
wave radio station which beamed
broadcasts to the United States from
Berlin during the war.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Chicago Livestock

CHICAGO. April 9 Up (UsDA).-salable
hogs, $500; total, $500; active; averaged
about steady on all weights and sows: some
early, sales weak to lower, but market
GOOD and choice 17o-a5o pounds: q 80
$50 pounds. 19,00-20.00; around $50:
pound weights. 1875: good 350-550 pound
sowS, 16.25-17.50: good clearance.
salable cattle, $500: total, $500; sal
ter steers and heifers steady to strong At
higher: bulls and vealers steady; load
choice 1,s64-pound fed steers. 80 90; bulk
1885 pounds down. %. 40 2S. IS; load lots
medium to low-choice fed heifers, $500
$3.50; good grade largely 26.50-2S.00; odd
head strictly good beef COWS up to 24.o0;
2150; Gamers and cutters, IA 45O-1s.00:
few good bulls up to 1926 most common
and medium bulls, 19OO-22. 90; vealers
salable sheep, 1000: total. a.sOO
slaughter lambs steady: around three loads
good and choice 93- los pound fed wooled
lambs, 24.50: few decks and lots medium
to good wooled lambs, q ;50-2350; com
mon to medium, II 50-20. 90; other classes
scarce rominally UNCHANGED
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Anti Communist Disorders
Condemned by Truman

President Truman said yesterday
that anti -Communist" demon
strations in the Middle West against
supporters Of Henry Wallace were
not proper, but that corrective
measures should be taken in the
States concerned-not by the Fed
eral Government.
A reporter raised the question at
a news conference. recalling that
Walter P. Reuther. president Of
the United Auto Workers, had said
Mr.. Truman should go on the air
to remind the country that Com
munists as well as others have
civil rights.
Explaining that situation did not
come within the province Of tho
Federal Government, the President
said thank goodness it didn't.
In addition to the anti-Wallacs
outbreak in Indiana, there was
mob raid on the home Of q Com
muniSt leader in Ohio.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Stock Prices Stiffen,
Average Climbs 10
New 1948 High
By Victor Eubonk
Associated Press finoneiol Writer

NEW YORK, April 9.-While ex-
ceptions were plentiful, the stock
market average today touched a
new top level for the year with the
rails at another high since August,
1916.
Relatively heavy profit cashing
appeared after the opening. The
first hours volume of 10000 shares
was the largest for any hour this
week. Prices stiffened before mid. /.
day. Gains Of fractions to 2 points
or SO predominated near the fourth
period.
Inf1ationary psychology, based
mainly. on prospects for heavy de-
Tense spending, again inspired much
|of the days demand. Carriers were
benefited by President Truman's
signing Of the railway reorganization
bill.
Accounts were trimmed by profess
stonals who felt that a technical
correction Of the long upswing was
overdue. The coal mining impasse
and other labor disputes still pro-
vided bidding restraint.
At peaks for the year or longer
were Union Carbide (on talk of a
lifted dividend). Canadian Pacific,
Southern Pacific, Illinois Central,
Nickel Plate Railroad, Hiram Walker,
Phelps Dodge, International Paper
and Warren Petroleum.
Ahead most of the day were
Bethlehem Steel, United States
Rubber, Douglas Aircraft, Boeing,
Schenley, Allied Chemical, Pacific
Western Oil, Santa Fe, Southern
Railway, Great Northern Railway
and Atlantic Coast Line.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Devers Says Fifth Column
Opposes Defense Program
Nv III. A.sor;o,ed p,sss

SHARON. Pa, April "a fifth
column" is fighting adoption of
National defense plans, Gen. Jacob
L. Devers, chief of Army field forces,
said last night.
Speaking before the Chamber of
Commerce, Gen. Devers reiterated
his plea for support Of universal
military training.
do not doubt for one moment
that there is not already a fifth
column at work within the United
States. opposing national security
training and every other essential
of an integrated national security
program with every artifice at its
command" he said.
He described as still more danger
GUS to our national security "a sixth
column of unquestionably patriotic
and loyal Americans, who, while op-
posing security training. and other
essentials of our national program,
for sincere and conscientious per-
sonal reasons, nevertheless play the
game Of the fifth column"
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Walton Head Charge.
Stockmen Seek Grip
On Public Lands
BY the Assoeiofed Press

CHICAGO, April "a western
conservationists today asserted "a
small, highly organized and de-
termined group" is trying to get
control Of Western public lands ''for
their own personal benefit"
Athur H. Carhart Of Denver,
Colo. told the Izaak Walton League
the campaign to get public lands "is
well-organized and dangerous"
"On the other side Is the public
who owns those lands and has more
at stake in them than this, or any
other special group" he said.
Mr.. Carhart said stockmen, both
sheep and cattle, are seeking Sex
elusive privilege of purchasing"
public grazing lands. Other citi-
zens would be barred" he said.
They want some tracts now in ma
tional forests"
Hearings Manipulated"
He charged that q congressional
subcommittee's hearings into the
grazing land controversy were
packed, stacked and manipulated" !"
"Only three -fourths OF / per cent
Of the nondairy cattle feeding de-
pends on forage in the National
forests. Only IA per cent of Western
beef stock feeding is based in public
lands.
"In the case of sheep, 2 per cent
Of national feeding requirements
rests on forests. with per cent of
Western sheep feeding dependent on
them.
"Stockmen are already getting all
possible forage from these lands If
they are to be grazed on q continu-
ing yield basis, and In the COM
munity interest"
Details St0ckmen's Methods.
Mr.. Carhart said the stockmen are
using two principal lines Of attack.
These he gave as:
First q demand that Congress
- set up boards Of stockmen, the
very men who use forest grazing
that would have the power to de-
termine how many head Of stock
would be on the areas that they
themselves, use.
1.-THE second zone Of attack was to
undermine the authority of the
United States Forest Service by
heaping up accusations and COM
plants, by challenging the ability
and even the integrity OF these
public servants"
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Delayed
For Youth, Is, in Fake
kidnapping, Robbery

Arraignment Of teen-age mes
senger, charged with grand larceny
and making . false report that he
had been kidnapped and robbed Of
$l,735.85, was postponed until next
Thursday by Judge Ellen K. Raedy
in Municipal Court today.
He was placed under $1,000 bond
for appearance before Judge Raedy
next week after his attorney, Robert
I. Miller, asked for more time to
study the case.
The youth, Robert M. Kelley. Is, OF
the 1900 block of C street NE. re-
ported to police yesterday that he
was held up and forced to drive q
bandit to Ashland, Va, where he
was relieved Of a payroll and bank
deposit belonging to his employer.
Police began searching for him
after the employer, L. p. Steuart
and Bros, Inc, oil dealers, reported
he had failed to return from q trip
to two banks here.
He was to have deposited $14.4
in cash and checks at the Hamilton
AthSAO1ld4 49dAlhs oOV II cIkCCt 4NGlsa
and pick up $700 payroll from the
National Capital Bank 316 Penn
sylvania avenue Sc, police said.
After reporting the alleged hold
up to Richmond police, Kelley adj
mitted to robbery squad detectives
here that he had kept the money,
police said. All but cents of the
money was recovered at the youths
home.
Robbery squad detectives said they
became suspicious of the Richmond
report for these reasons:
The messenger said he altered
his usual route and picked up the
payroll money before depositing the
company funds at the Hamilton
Bank.
He reported that the "holdup
man" had not taken company
checks totaling about $13,50O.
The youth said he had been ale
lowed to keep 81, with which to
buy gas to get back to Washington.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Chicago Grain

. CHICAGO. April Q R.-Grains inched
upturn % carried prices to new HIGHS on the
current recovery o move but lnat the market r,n
which kept the advance In check
Best price, were made IN The Est h9nr tnr
that, the market backed down under the
wesht Of Increased ofierings. s Oats l isI
corn held onto small fractional gains.
At noon on, wheat was ~ higher, Ma May
May, 2.26A; oats were K-h lower, May.
,14S; and soybeans were unchanged to
cent lower, May, $50.
Trade sources In Kansas City said the
Commodity Credit Corp, raised its ouying
price for wheat ga cents over yesterday 5
bushels yesterday at Kansas City. 100000
Modern Miller. a trade publication, re-
ported. high winds have reduced the
area in the winter. wheat belt. Rains
would now be beneficial in parts of Texas,
Oklahoma. Kansas and Nebraska in order
to pack the soil and prevent soil drifting.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
FOREIGN Exchange

NEW YORK. April R.-Foreign ex-
change rates follow 0Great Britain in
dollars, others In cents):
market IOf. per cent discount or SO .6sA,
United States cents, down IL Of q cent.
Europe: Great Britain 4,03A' un-
cent, up 00b; italy tlira) April hxes
rate 0O1 742. March .001745; Sweden
tkrona) 27.s5. unchanged: Switzerland
tranc) tcommerciaD %. 40, unchanged.
Latin America-Argentina free 250S,
unchanged: Brazil free $50, unchanged;
Mexico 20.62, unchanged
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Sharp Gain Reported
In Washington Gas
liqht Co. Sales
By Edword c. Stone

Sales of the Washington Gas Light
Co. in the first quarter of 1948
totaled 59.703,071 therms as COM
pared with 47,087 ,504 in the like l947
period, a sharp increase of 12,615.567
therms or 26.79 per cent, company
officials reported today.
Gas sales in March totaled IT,
453,009 therms against 1913, ,961 in
March, l947, an increase of 1,314,148
therms or 8.l4 per cent, the monthly
report revealed. March sales regis
tered a gain despite the fact that
the month this year was warmer
than year ago, the larger number
of meters In service accounting for
the upturn.
The notable first quarter expan-
sion in sales was due to colder
weather in January and February
this year and the increase in meters,
officials explained.
Convention Plans Pushed.
District Bankers Association off,
cials are pushing plans for the
June convention at White Sulphur
Springs. Richard A. Norris, pres
ident, looks for an attendance
around 275, with an excellent pro-
gram, the renovized Greenbrier
Hotel and golf contests being the
special attractions.
Directors of the American Fire
Insurance Company of the District
of Columbia have declared a div
idend of IL per cent, payable May
to stockholders of record April %.
Capital Airlines today reported a
net loss in 1947 of $2,652 ,265, most
of the loss being in the first quarter
Operating revenues totaled $19,225,-
78l against $17,867, PIG in 1916. Ex-
perses increased materially.
Demand for E Bonds Heavy.
The Treasury reports that E Bonds
issued in the first quarter totaled
s9o2,OOo000. Redemptions amounted
to 100000. leaving 1898, 100000
outstanding. In the three months
F and G Bonds were issued in the
amount of 1922 100000.
The Suburban National Bank Club
has elected Patricia McShane, pres
ident; Norman D. Martin, vice pres
idef1t: Mrs Margaret Mackay, Sec
retary; Mrs. Lorraine Innscoe, as
sistant secretary; Margaret Rish,
treasurer, and Cyril Marie, assistant
treasurer.
Jack T. Hollaway of Washington,
has been appointed sales manager
for Sanders Aviation. Inc, River
dale, Md.
Installment Buying Holds Up.
Installment accounts at depart
ment stores in February continued
larger than year ago, the Federal
Reserve Board reports. Collections
were slower than in January.
New State and municipal f1nanc-
ing during March almost doubled
that of March a year ago, $633, u.s.
3sS comparing with $685., sol 800, the
Daily Bond Buyer reports. The
March total was the largest Of any
month in 10 years. Total for the
first quarter was $986, ,286, ,275.
In letter to member firms and
branches, Emil Schram, president of
the New York Stock Exchange, says
the strike of exchange employees
has brought about the application
of emergency procedures which will
be made permanent in some in
stances. They will reduce operating
costs, he says.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Market AVERAGES
New York Cotton

NEW YORK, April q R-Cotton fu-
lures were frregular In active dealings
today
more than 81 a bsis on commission mouse
profit taking and hedging, but later ral-
lied sharply on trade buying and short
covering.
There was talk that an agreement on
the private credit program to finance cot
ton purchases to Japan was imminent.
Late afternoon prices were 85 cents
q bale higher to 80 cents lower than the
previous close May, 1914, July, 36.01,
and October 32.62.
Evening star., 1948-04-09
Business Briefs

Money in Circulation EXPANDED 10
S27 1893 100000 on April Z, gain Of
S53,000,000 from week earlier, but
$417,000,000 below year earlier
Federal Reserve Board.
Consumer Income declined in
February-Commerce Department.
Income of individuals dropped to
an annual rate of $2O7, 600, ,0O0, 900 in
February from $211, 400, ,000, 900 in the
previous month,
Engineering Construction Awards
in the United States totaled 500, ,800,-
900 in the week ended April 8, a
drop of $40 from the previous
record week, and $50 below the
like 1947 week-Engineering News
Record.
Bituminous Coal Output was re-
duced by the miners walkout to only
2,130,000 tons for the week ended
April 3, compared with a normal
weekly output of 12,OO0,00 to l3,000,-
900 tons.-National Coal Association.
New York Stock Exchange will
start it's summer schedule of Satur-
day cloSingS on May 49, The sched-
ule will be in effect until the end of
September
Clothing Lines for Fall and winter
were offered by two major clothing
manufacturers at Rochester, N. Y.
Hickey-Freeman Co. said wholesale
prices on mems suits have increased
about $50 above the average for
spring clothes. Levy Brothers g.
Adler Rochester, Inc, said most
outercoat prices were unchanged,
except for small increases on wor-
stedS and gabardines.
Atlas Corp. president Floyd B.
Odlum. announced that negotia-
tions for sale of a large block of
RKO Motion Picture stock to How
ard Hughes had ended without
agreement.
J. c. Penney Co. sales in March
totaled $65 1897 $50, a gain of 171%
from year earlier; in three months,
$158,697,517, an increase of 11.7To.
Butler Brothers sales for March
totaled $l3,943515, a rise of 1857
from year earlier; for three
months, s36,612 ,6S8, a gain of 1857,
G.. r. Kinney Co. sales in March
amounted to $3,241,000, a jump of
324cs from year earlier: in three
months. $6,345, 900. a rise of 1870
Hiram Walker Gooderham e.
worts, Ltd, earned S7,697 1874 or s2.67
q share in three months ended Feb
ruary % VS.. Sc, 1873, $50 or $214 a year
earlier.
Richfield Oil Corp. net income
for l947 was Sll.353397 or S296 VS.
s7.O62,276 or SITS in 1896
Libby, McNeill e. Libby earned
1886, 1894 or SLAB in u months
ended February % VS.. s4,935 ,083 OF
Sl.36 in the previous year.
Chicago e. North Western Rail-
Way System had net income OF
S4698,508 in 1947 VS.. $8126,03 ir
1946
Avco Mfg. Corp. earned s1,6l663(
or % cents in three months ended
February 90 VS.. $1,S55, Ill or 26 cents
year earlier
Underwood Corp. profit for thu
first l948 quarter was S1,037 1898 o.
S141 VS.. 1922 ,720 or S1.12 in the same
l947 period.
Atlas Plywood Corp. earned $2.8;
q share in six months ended Decem.
Der VS.. $3.50 a year earlier. Prof
for nine months ended March 8
was estimated between $3.50 ant
81 share.
Goldhlaff RrotherS Jnc nroft fo
IL months ended January 81 wa
s2,310,132 VS.. S2,615,82l in the pre-
ceding fiscal period.
Ex-Cell-O Corp. earned $685., ,73
or $1.49 in three months ended Feb
bruary 80 VS.. $439, 1888 or sl.l0 a yea
earlier.
Polaris Mining Co. earned s745,
1854 or 81 cents in 1947 VS.. S415,259 O
81 cents In the previous year.
Evening star., 1948-04-09

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