davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-09-01

ernor outgeneraled them. He ac-
cepted the appointment with the
proviso that he would not be called
upon to take his place on the bench
until the Legislature had ad-
journed."
Aided State Organization.
To what extent President Taft
wanted to get Mr.. Hughes out of his
way to insure his own denomination
in 1912 will never be known, but at
the time it was generally considered
that the appointment to the bench
not only helped the Republican
organization in New York State but
took Mr.. Hughes out of any future
contest for the presidency.
In these dispatches couple oi
days ago, the date of the Hughes
appointment to the court was erron-
eouSly given as 1907 instead of 1910
and it was the effort of the Republi-
can organization in New York State
rather than that of Theodore Roose.
velt which is generally credited with
the initiative that removed Hughes
Henry Stoddard's appraisal of Mr.
Hughes, written in 1927, Is worth
reproducing here. He wrote in hi.
book:
ut is commonplace to say of any
man tnat there are none like him
but it is so true Of Hughes that
cannot help saying it. You may
search the careers Of all the mer
in our public life for a century ane
half and you will not find career
like his. He has never sought pub
lie office: he has never asked any in
dividual to speak for Him; or to worl
for his advancement '''
I'm word, Hughes has been gov
ernor, associate justice Of the Su
preme Court. presidential nominee
and Secretary of State without evel
having expended so much as a post.
age stamp and without ever having
uttered, or authorized others to utter
single word in his behalf. Here /.
a remarkable record 1t reveal.
determined purpose to let the offlc.
seek the man, uninfuenced by per.
sonal appeals or manipulation o1
delegates"
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1948-09-01

tdllSIIl.
More than 800 years ago the Ital-
ian astronomer, Galileo Galilei, was
brought before the Inquisition for
publishing a book supporting the
Copernican theory that the earth
moves around the sun. This was
held to be in contradiction to Scrip
ture and to Aristotle's theory which
was. one might say, still the official
party line" Of the church in the
18th century. Under threat of tor
ture he recanted: but the story has
it that, rising from his knees, he
muttered. Nevertheless 1t moves
That it does move is recognized SCI
entific truth today; and the story
lives to demonstrate the power of
scientific truth over theological f1c-
ton.
Put Clock Back 100 Years.
The affair Galileo was repeated In
Russia last week when the Soviet
Academy of Science. in the role of
the 1nquisition, put the clock back
100 years in the name of "progres-
sive Soviet biology" Led by Trofim
Lysenko, the whole body of exact
knowledge in the field OF genetics
was obliterated as "anti-Marxist'
and "bourgeois"; and Soviet biology
is today exactly where the French
man Jean de Lamarck left 1t when
he died in 1929.
Lamarck, a forerunner of Charles
Darwin, observed mutations In or
ganic structures and, knowing little
that was later to be discovered con-
corning gene molecules and germ
cells, decided that changes occurred
in response to environment.
A few years after Lamarck's death
an Austrian botanist, Gregor Men
del. blew Lamarck's theories sky
high by actual breeding experiments
with plants. His work later was
confirmed by Hugo De Vries, August
Weismann, Thomas Hunt Morgan
and hundreds of others-among
them, 1t is amusing to note, Henry
Wallace who, in experimenting with
hybrid corn and leghorn chickens,
shows devotion to scientific exacti-
tude entirely lacking in the foggi-
ness Of his politics.
AS result of the shift back to
Lamarck (Which Is indeed compatible
with MARKHAM Science" which also
Evening star., 1948-09-01

scored on its Constantine Brown.
demand that, outside Of technical
matters regarding strictly curren-
cies, nothing else should be discussed
until the currency situation is out
of the way in Moscow.
When the Western powers ordered
their ambassadors to approach
Prime Minister Stain a month ago
with a request for a conference the
idea was that. while the explosive
Berlin situation had to be thrashed
out, it was far more important that
the ambassadors pave the way for
more exhaustive discussions, lnclud-
ing the whole problem of the Euro
pean peace.
Reports Are Pessimistic.
1t was understood that ultimately
these questions would have to be
talked over by the four foreign min
listers. But the ambassadors had
instructions to sound out the Rus
slams on whether there was any
common ground to justify holding a
high-level conference. In this they
are said not to have succeeded.
Their reports, according to unofficial
sources, are pessimistic.
The Kremlin took its usually
adamant position, which can be
summed up as follows:
You Western powers have ap-
preached us. We did not ask for
any resumption of diplomatic
parleys. The reason you were COM
PEELED to come to us is that our
actions in Berlin are pinching you,
in spite of the air lift which you
say you can continue indefinitely.
I'VE told you that we were willing
to talk, but you should know that
Evening star., 1948-09-01

We have two Henry McLemere.
bedrooms, two baths, big dining
room, a bigger living room, and a
sun deck, all luxuriously furnished.
Hitched on to our houseboat are
two smaller boats, one a cook boat,
the other the servants living quar-
ters. Tied alongside Is q third
boat. our shikara, which is q type
of Venetian gondola, but much
more comfortable because it has
an inner-spring mattress upon
which one may recline full length
while being rowed around the lakes
and canals by three boatmen.
All for S. Day.
We have four houseboat servants
who are offended If you exert your
self to the extent of Strengthening
your tie. Before my creditors die
of apoplexy let me hasten to point
out the cost of this Aga Khan type
Of living.
The houseboat, including any
thing you want to order to eat al
any time Of day or night, plus the
shikara, plus the boatmen, plus
all the servants, costs fifteen Q5)
rupees day, which is a little less
than five dollars.
The beauty, of course, is for free
Our houseboat is moored among
willow trees, through which the
magnificently plumaged kingfshers
and bulbuls dart all day. The setting
for the lake Is provided by Hima-
layan peaks, many of them crowned
with snow.
This is the time in Kashmir when
the lotus is in full bloom. When we
take ride in our shikara the boat
men have to force their way through
beds of these unbelievably beauti-
full flowers. There cannot be more
exquisite bouquet than those made
of lotus by the boatmen. They take
a giant lotus leaf and pierce 1t with
half a dozen of the enormous bios
SONS.
Main Street Is River.
Srinagar is combination of Ven
ice and Switzerland. The main street
is the river Jhelum, which twists in
and out for miles, and is crowded
Evening star., 1948-09-01

with houseboats Of every descrip-
ton. Fully half OF the population
Of Srinagar lives on boats on the
river or on the canals and lakes
which 1t feeds.
There are more than q thousand
OF the large hand-carved house.
boats. similar to ours, for rent to
tourists. Due to the war now being
fought nearby there are no tourists,
and ours Is the only one occupied.
The Kashmirian people are really
desperate. For centuries-since the
time the Moghuls discovered 1t as
a summer resort where they could
escape the blistering heat of the
plains Of India-Kashmir has de-
pended on tourist money. Now there
is none, and nowhere can there be
found such contrast between ma
lures beauty and human poverty.
At the, time of this writing, the
U. N. Commission has not yet ar
rived. 1t is to be hoped that the
Commission will be able to bring
peace, and with it prosperity, to
Evening star., 1948-09-01
This Changing World
Kremlin Scored in Its Initial Demands
In East.West Parleys in Moscow

our policy is not as flexible as
yours. We are willing to lift the
blockade of Berlin on our own terms.
That is to say, we insist that re-
gardless of the outward form OF
any agreement on the currency
matter, we shall continue to con-
slider you as our guests in that city.
"It may be that you will be in
clined to regard the new agreement
as giving you actual rights to stay
in Berlin. This point of view is
your own business. AS far as we
are concerned, we shall continue
TO consider Berlin as a city in the
Soviet zone of occupation.
LAS for more general settlement
of the European question, in which
the question of the future of Ger
many must be placed at the top.
you should know by now that we
are interested in the recreation of
democratic German republic In
which we shall have free and full
access to the steel industries in
the Ruhr valley and the coal In the
Saar valley.
You Have Come to Us"
IF you accept in principle these
essential conditions of ours, we
shall be glad to sit with you at an
other conference somewhere in
Western Europe and work out the
details of a final settlement. But
remember that it Is not the Soviet
government which has initiated
these new talks. 1t is not us who
have come to you. 1t is you who
have come to us. The fundamentals
of our policies are not elastic. You
know them and it is up to you to
take them or leave them"
This is the sum and substance of
the Russian attitude in the nine
conversations which the Western
ENJOYS have held with the top men
in the Kremlin. 1t explains why
our soldier-ambassador, It. Gen.
Walter Bedell Smith, and his Brit
ish and French colleagues have
shown signs of utter WEAKNESS in
recent days.
For while, principally because
Mr.. Stain smiled at them and
offered them tea and cookies with
his usual good humor, they had
hopes that something might be done
with the Kremlin, even at the price
of limited appeasement. But when
they reached essentials in their dis
cussions, they all realized that the
Russians were as adamant as they
have been ever since the end of
the Yalta conference.
Evening star., 1948-09-01
On the Record
Russia Most Reactionary of All Nations
Despite Scientific Socialism Plan

has not moved step forward intel
lectually for 100 years., the most
distinguished Russian biologists all
are being forced to recant and say
their Lenin-Stalinist prayers. What
a sight! Professors Leon Orbeli and
Samuel Schmalhausen are dis
missed. The Institute of Evolutionary
Morphology is dissolved! The whole
of genetic science Is banned-the
only field of heredity where really
scientific evidence. positive and in
controvertible facts, has been pro-
duced.
1t now is the true gospel that the
Politburo can determine the develop
ment of natural organisms without
reference to their structure and in
defiance Of the limitations Of muta-
tions. The great Ivan Pavlov once
believed that conditioned refexes
in mice are inherited but withdrew
the conclusion on his own initiative
after further experiment.
Blind to the Facts.
Years ago I asked Bertrand Rus
sell, brilliant mathematical and ply
sical scientist and a man Of radical
social views, why he was not Com
munist. He replied, THE Commu-
nists believe that matter is little,
hard, round billiard ball of stuff
and am very much afraid it is not" 3"
In the physical sciences the Sow
cts are stuck in stagnation because
of their materialist theology, which
is blind to the facts discovered in
the last Is years. Now. in the
natural sciences they have issued a
decree running backward in leaps
and bounds, calling it progress" by
associations recalling Alice in Won
derland.
But how about you, Mr.. Wallace?
You have written, in your last book,
a 100 per cent apology and extenua-
ton for every Stalinist measure, in
cluding the murder of thousands for
theological deviations. Now, come
clean: Is heredity determined by
environment or transmitted through
the genes? On what principle did
you create hybrid corn? Will you
Gin the name of one world) speak
up for the Russian Galileos, or won t
you?
We hearken with intense interest
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate. 1nc)
Evening star., 1948-09-01
Hughes Career Called
Lesson 10 Those Who
Seek Public Service
Record Reveals Purpose.
To Let Office Seek Man
Without Manipulation
By David Laurence

Because Charles Evans Hughes
attained an unparalleled eminence
in America and really never sought
a single public Office, the back
ground of his career contains many
a lesson worth studying by those
who aspire to public service.
Charles Evans Hughes will go
down in history as the man who
was appointed to the Supreme
Court largely to take him out Of
the way of the presidential nominal
ton because of the antagonisms of
party organization men, but who
later was taken of the bench to
serve that same party In contest
for the presidency.
President Theodore Roosevelt in
1908 could have secured for Mr..
Hughes the Republican nomination
for the presidency, but Justice
Hughes, by his independence of
politicians. had alienated the Re-
publican organization in New York
State. Thus, the late David S.
Barry. veteran correspondent, in his
book, Forty Years in Washington" ="
writes:
"As was we'll understood at the
time, President Roosevelt and Gov
ernor Hughes of New York did not
get along very we'll together. In
political matters especially. Mr..
Hughes followed an entirely inde-
pendent course without regard to
the wishes and preferences of Pres
ident Roosevelt. Taking advantage,
probably, of this situation of affairs
in New York State, George B.
Cortelyou CMr Roosevelt's Secre-
tarv Of the Treasury and his per-
sonal friends got it into their heads
that he might secure the presiden-
tial nomination: Mr.. Cortel-
you was confident he would get the
vote of New York State"
Letter from Roosevelt.
But the most significant piece of
evidence comes from Theodore
Roosevelt himself. In a letter to
Ld"lellCe AUDOLI III 1917, TeCOutlLlllR
what happened in 1908, he wrote:
Il could not have nominated an
extreme progressive or an extreme
conservative, but I could by turn
of the hand have thrown the nomi-
nation to either Taft or Hughes.
I chose Taft rather than
Hughes"
There was an incident in which
MI. Roosevelt. While President, had
endeavored, through the use of
patronage in an appointment of
Archie Sanders as Internal Revenue
collector, to influence the votes of
two Assemblymen in the New York
State Legislature. Even though it
was intended to be of help to Gov.
Hughes, the latter refused the as
sistance because, while he wanted
and needed the votes, he didn't
want them that way. The late
Henry L. Stoddard, New York news
paper editor, writes of this rebuke
Evening star., 1948-09-01

Srinagar is combination of Ven-
ice and Switzerland. The main street
is the river Jhelum, which twists in
and out for miles, and is crowded
Evening star., 1948-09-01

Nd1OC1l VI LuCll,
I don't look
m u c h | l k e
Adam, and no
one would ever
mistake Jean for
Eve, but we are
livi ing better
than that couple
ever did.
Our hom e
here in the Vale
of Kashmir is a
105-foot house.
boat, made en-
tirely Of hand
carved walnut.
Evening star., 1948-09-01

lSlu pIOudUIJ az
count in large
measure for the
attraction they
have for some
minds. Yet re-
cent events in
the Soviet Union
demo n s t r a t e
again that Rus
sia is not pro-
gressive" but, in
fact, the most
r e a C t | o n a r y
country In t h e
world, governed
by an intellec-
tual fundamen-
Evening star., 1948-09-01

t h e Kremlin's S
demand that the
technical dis
cussion Of the
replacement of
t h e Western
C u r r e ncy in
Berlin by the
Russian money
be thrown to the
Big -Four mill
tary governors
in Berlin, rather
than attempt to
settle the issue
in Moscow.
Moscow a ] S O
Evening star., 1948-09-01

OF Mr.. Roosevelt by Mr.. Hughes In
a book entitled "As I Knew Them
Presidents and Politics from Grant
to Coolidge:
Il am not prepared to say that
except for the Sanders incident
Roosevelt would have supported
Hughes in 1908, but 7 am certain
that it led Roosevelt to feel that
Hughes was almost the last can
didate he cared to see nominated
AS his successor"
Mr.. Stoddard tells of the fight
inside New York State between the
Republican State organization anC
Gov. Hughes in 1910, when William
Howard Taft had been President
for two years. He writes:
Hughes went into a struggle fol
direct Statewide primaries. The
party organization opposed the
legislation. In the midst of il
came Taft's offer to Hughes to be,
come Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court. The organization
rejoiced that Hughes would now bt
put out of the way, but the Gov.
Evening star., 1948-09-01
.cLemore
DweIIs in Houseboot
In Vale Of Koshmir
By Henry McLemore

SRINAGAR, Kashmir Is
the place Adam and Eve were try
ing to get to when their money ran
out and they had to stop at the
Evening star., 1948-09-01
By Dorothy THOMPSON

The association of the word pro
gressive" with the Soviet Union and
MARKHAM Communism and their
claim to represent scientific" social
Evening star., 1948-09-01

this fairyland Of a country. It Is q
gentle land. Kashmir.
Distributed by McNsuSht Syndicate, Ine)
Evening star., 1948-09-01
BY Constantine Rrown

The Soviet government scored the
first point in the East-West parleys
in Moscow.
Western representatives accepted
Evening star., 1948-01-18

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The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-09-15
BETHLEHEM UNDER
THE EGYPTIAN RULE

In letter received from S.
Bishera D. Nassau, dated July
9Th, 1913, he states: "The Gov
eminent of Egypt is ruling in
Bethlehem and the post is
open. Today we have a truce
until July 9th-after that, we
don't know what will happen.
eve thank God that He has
kept us from harm, and ear
nestly pray that God will give
peace in all the world.
Every Sunday and We'd
nesday afternoons we have
nice meetings. We also have
a special mid-week meeting
for the young men, with sing
ing, prayer, and reading from
the Old and New Testaments.
| have taken a special room
for the meeting and thank God
for His help in doing it.
God willing, in my next let
ter l will send you a picture of
the group, so you can see the
members of the Branch in
Bethlehem.
We are all we'll, thank God.
My family and our little flock
send best wishes. Remember
that twice a day you and yours
at Zion are on my prayer list.
Wishing you all the richest
of Gods blessings, am
S. Bishera D. Nassau.
Faithfully yours in Jesus the
Christ,
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-09-15
FARM COSTS HIGH, BUT IN
COME WILL GO DOWN

With a three and a half bill
lion bushel corn crop predict
ed, the big problem on Corn
Belt farms this year will be
enough storage space for it,
says the Prairie Farmer.
Not only are corn cribs and
grain bins scarce and high
priced, but the same applies to
other farm buildings, with the
average costs of materials now
approximately 100 percent
over the 1859 average.
Farm machinery costs are up
too, although only about SO
percent.
With these and other high
operating costs, Prairie Farm
er cautions farmers to stay out
of debt. Keep in shape to pay
bills promptly, rebuild soil, and
replace WORKOUT equipment
because lower farm income is
bound to come, even though
costs may stay high.
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-09-15
WASHES OUT HAY FEVER

Relief for hay fever victims
is possible with a new and COM
pact electric room conditioner,
recently announced. Labora-
tory tests have revealed that
the 15-pound device, which fill
tiers and washes the air, can
remove up to IS per cent of
ragweed pollen from an av-
erage room in the first hour
of operation.
Evening star., 1948-10-03

first part of the French economy to
recover after World War II.
He went to war as q medical
officer in 1914 and came back with
a decoration. Since then he has
not practiced-except during politi-
cal campaigns. At home his con-
ferences with local worthless have a
way of turning into free consulta-
tons. French peasants dislike
spending money on doctors If they
can visit one free and talk politics
at the same time.
M. Queuille got his first cabinet
post in 1920 at the age of 36. AS in
II later cabinets, he was Minister
Of Agriculture. Peasants have been
grateful for his interest in technical
farm schools, the introduction of
American-type machinery and in
work for rural electrification.
At one time or another he has
been Minister of Health, Communi-
cations, Public Works and Food. He
held the latter post in Paul Rey-
naud's 1910 cabinet, the one that
resigned to give way to the Vichy
regime
Evening star., 1948-10-03
BrOun
Continued From Page C-1)

in World War II, although France
was a badly defeated country and
italian and German agents spent
large amounts of gold among them.
There Is no reason to believe that
these princelings, who exercise abso-
Lutte authority over their peoples.
should not rally to the side of the
western nations, particularly since
the presence of these powers means
an entirely new and prosperous era
for what once was described as the
dark continent.
The idea Of converting Africa from
the Mediterranean to the Cape of
Good Hope into gigantic stage for
an Allied offensive against Russia,
If war comes, has not yet been fully
developed.
Evening star., 1948-10-03
Shanghai Fears Result
Of Economic Policing
By Fred thompson

SHANGHAI.-This Is a city of
fear and dread. The fear is not
confined to the price speculator, the
hoarder, the exchange broker. 1t
runs through almost every business
institution.
The intense campaign to enforce
an economic reform program seems
to be losing sight of primary aims
It's going off on a witch-hunt
tangent.
Original aims were to control
prices, prevent boarding and stop
speculation in foreign exchange as
a means of stabilizing the new
money at four gold yuan for one
American dollar.
But now the economic police are
hunting down everybody who han
died a foreign exchange transaction
for the past several months. Some
Of these transactions admittedly
were speculative, black-market deals.
But most of them were transactions
to finance legitimate trade.
Deals Outside Law
Strictly speaking they were out
side the law. Yet probably 80 per
cent of all business in Shanghai had
to resort to them to do business
without going broke.
Yet today a businessman can be
Jailed, fined, imprisoned and con-
ceivably shot for them, retroactive
indefinitely.
A month ago If q businessman
wanted to import a commodity from
the United States he had to get:
/. United States dollars to pay for
the goods.
2. An import permit from the
Chinese government.
In probably thousands of cases,
the Chinese government granted
permission to import certain COM
modify. That meant the govern
ment considered the commodity
essential. But at the same time,
the government refused to sell the
businessman United States dollars
to pay for the goods.
This meant the government tacitly
approved the obtaining of the United
States dollars from some other
source. What other source was
there? The black market. So the
businessman went to the black
market and bought United States
dollars.
Shanghai, like any other inter-
national port, contains many busi-
nesses which pay operating expenses