Evening star., 1948-10-15
Third OF a Series.
By chaImers N. Roberts
ster s.eff cer,sspendent J.

LINZ, Austria (By MaiD Here
where the broad Danube forms .
fluid iron curtain between the Amer
ican and Russian zones Of Austria
the problem Of the Russian dis
placed persons comes into focus.
There appear to be almost as
many kinds Of Russians outside the
Soviet Union as there are inside,
though most of them react violently
if you call them Russians. The rea-
son is the latest resurgence OF that
old Ukrainien nationalism.
These are the Russians" in the
displaced persons camps Of Ger
many and Austria today: NJ
/. About 10000 Ukrainians, mean
ing those who lived in Poland east
of the Curzcn Line In what Is now
Russia as it also was In the final
period of czarist Russia. NeSerthe-
less, they share the nstionalism, Of
the Ukrainian S. s. r., which has
plagued the Communist hierarchy,
in Moscow ever since the Bolshevik
revolution. In the DIP camps many
of them wear q trident, their ma
tional symbol. Nearly $1,000 others
already have been resettled abroad.
Most are farmers and Greek Ortho-
dox Catholics. Many comment that
the. Orthodox Church In AIperica is
not strong or wealthy enough to
help them sufficiently. However. the
Episcopalians, through the chief
Protestant voluntary organization.
Church World Service, also are
helping the Ukrainians.
Refugees From Soviet Union.
2. Refugees from the Soviet Union
as constituted prior to World War
II. These include some 5000 or
more-from the Ukrainian s. 8. r.
and from other Soviet republics.
One such now living In Hellbrun
DIP camp near Salzburg, Austria, b
a 62-year-old Soviet farmer and his
wife. He put his reason for not re-
turning to the Soviet Union this
way: II
IT spent five years in q labor camp
in the Ural Mountains"
Another Of these is . Jewish
doctor from Kisv, capital Of the
Ukrainian s. S. r. Like the farmer,
he was swept into Germany by the
Germans as forced labor. He said
he now has come to realize what
democracy means. He added there
had been no anti-Semitism un-
til the Nazis brought it to Russia.
8. White Russian refugees from
the Russian revolution and now
refugees once again because they
went only as far away from home rs
Poland or such Balkan states as
YGgoslavia. Many Of these Old
refugees carry Nansen passports
issued by the Leauge Of Nations
after the last war. The total num-
Der Is something like 10000 to Is 900.
4. A scattering Of others. Among
them are a few hundred Armenians
from the Armenian s. 8. r., though
there are more Armenians who have
lived between the wars in Greece,
where many attended American
schools. Also in this group are Q
few Baltic state Russians who had
become citizens Of the Baltic repub-
lies between the wars.
Source Of Intelligence.
All of the thousands of these who
have been in. the Soviet Union, rs
well as the Thousands more Of other
nationalitieS who were in Soviet
labor camps, represent IN important
source Of intelligence for the United
States about Soviet industry. It's
location and extent. Ths joe Of
complete interrogation Is . colossal
one, however.
At the wars end, under cur
agreement with the soviets, Rus
sian citizens were torcibly rspatSi-
ated when they baked ct going
home. But as our relations with
the Soviets grew worse ana our