davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-12-21

National Symphony sustaining fund
campaign, provided the total goal
includes sufficient funds for the
Water Gate summer concert series
in 1949."
George r. Titus, committee chair.
man, said his group will make
definite recommendation to the
trade boards directors after further
conference with the symphony lead
Iers.
The cultural development COM
mittee co-operated last summer in
a special underwriting drive, which
obtained $4,000 in guarantees for
the Water Gate concerts. Two-thirds
Of this amount, or 1929, actually
was paid by the q underwriters to
cover the summers deficit.
Board of Trade leaders have rec
commended strongly, however, that
the symphony association limit it.
self next year to a single fund ap-
peal, large enough to include the
Water Gate.
$395,00O Total Budget.
The symphony board, in announc-
ing the minimum $175,0 600 fund goal
yesterday, said the total budget
planned for the next winter season
Is 1896, ZOO.
Attainment Of the current years
$165, 900 fund goal was announced
in October. More than 5000 in
dividuals and groups contributed
to this fund.
For the coming drive, the SYM
Evening star., 1948-12-21
Symphony Drive Goal
Boosted $4,000 10
Minimum Of S175,0O0

A sustaining fund drive for al
least $l75,oo0-s10,oOo more thar
sought last year-today was being
planned by the National Symphony
Orchestra Association. with the pos
sibility the goal my be revised up
ward before the drive opens on Feb
ruary 8.
The $l75,000 goal was set yester-
day by the orchestra's Board of Di-
rectors to support the 1949-50 win
ter season., 1t does not include
funds for next summers outdoor
Water Gate concerts.
Oficials announced, however, they
would confer later this week with
representatives of the Washington
Board of Trade on inclusion of the
summer series in the drive. If the
same amount IS required for this
series as was obtained in a special
appeal Hast summer, it would raise
the sustaining fund goal to $40, ,0O0
Board Policy Weighed.
The Board Of Trade yesterday an
nounced that its cultural develop
ment committee "is exploring the
possibilities of cooperation with the
Evening star., 1948-12-21

A Smartly dressed crowd Of $500
persons last night jammed Lisner
Auditorium to see CAN In Favor" "
the 57th production of the Triangle
Club Of Princeton University.
Society with its debutantes and
sub-debs, Princeton alumni, Govern
ment officials and average playgoers
arrived early in taxicabs, imousines
and station wagons.
ID. c. Youth Plays Hero.
Many in the crowd probably came
to see Washington youth, Robert
G. Abernethy, 81. of 1873 Columbia
road NV, play the role of the hero
in the play.
He is the grandson Of the Rev
w. s. Abernethy, who was pastor
Of Calvary Baptist Church for 20
! years. Young Abernethy, whose
] student days were interrupted by
Army service. attended Princeton
! for q year and half before enter
ing service. He returned to the
university last winter and is a
= Junior in the School Of Public and
International Affairs.
A minstrel show was part Of the
( production. Music was by the 194S
2 Triangle Orchestra, and several
numbers were given by o chorus
and the Nassoons.
e. Plan Society Tour.
On completion of its presentation
here, the Triangle Club began prep
arations for tour of eight other
cities during the Christmas holidays.
The scholarship fund of the
Princeton Club of Washington will
benefit from last nights perform
ance.
Patrons and patronesses OF the
play were Defense Secretary For
restal and Mrs. Forrestal. Senator
Smith. Republican, Of New Jersey
and Mrs. Smith, Judge j. Edgar
iMurdock of the United States Tax
Court and Mrs. Murdock, Mr.. and
Mrs. Richard Price Dunn, Mr. and
Mrs. Arthur Krock, DR.. and Mrs.
Montgomery Blair, jr.
Also Mr.. and Mrs. r. M. Kauh-
Evening star., 1948-12-21
Byron R. Hanke Elected
By Institute Of Planners

Byron r. Hanke, chief of the Land
Planning Section of. the Federal
Housing Administration, has been
elected president of the Washington
Chapter, American Institute OF
Planters.
Other officers are: Malcolm H
Dill, director Of the Baltimore City
Planning Commission, vice presi-
dent and william G. Burrage, plan
ming engineer Of the Maryland-Nati-
onal Capital Park and Planning
Commission, secretary treasurer.
Executive board members are
Fred w. Tuemmler, director of plan
ming of the Prince Georges County
Regional ONCE. Maryland National
Capital Park and Planning Com
mission; John Ihlder, executive of
Evening star., 1948-12-21

mann, Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel H
Kaufman, Mr.. and Mrs. Walter
F. Chappell, Mr.. and Mrs. William
j. Flather, jr.; Mr.. and Mrs. r.
Moran McConihe, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Reber Littlehales, Mr.. and
Mrs. Paul F. Myers, Mr.. and Mrs.
Lee D. Butler, Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
G. Watson and Mr.. and Mrs. l..
Parker Fairlamb.
Miss Adrian Dunn was chairman
of the Debutante Committee and
Miss Alice Watson headed the sub
deb prnun.
Evening star., 1948-12-21
R. ]. Donovan to Head
.Notre Dome Press Office
by the Assoeiofed Press

= SOUTH BEND. Ind. Dec. al
: THE Rev. John ]. Cavanaugh, presi-
dent of the University of Notre
Dame, yesterday appointed Ray
mord j. Donovan as director Of
Rpublic information at the univer-
sity.
Mr.. Donovan on January will
succeed John v. Hinkel, whose as
sistant he has been for the last five
years. Mr.. Hinkel has resigned to
enter the public relations field in
his home city of Washington, D. c.
Father Cavanaugh announced also
81 that Charles M. Callahan has been
saSplaced in charge Of all sports in
- formation at the university. Pre-
viously Mr.. Callahan had handled
all sports except basket ball.
Mr.. Donovan is a native of Ham
nond and was graduated from
Notre Dame in 1912.
3. Mr.. Callahan, a 1888 graduate
1;of Notre Dame, is native of Lex
-ington, Mass.
Pakistan's textile industry plans
to have 100000 spindles within five
wears
Evening star., 1948-12-21

Broadcasting Co., In which Gene
A. Howe, publisher of the Amarillo
(TexJ Globe is a principal stock
holder.
Mr.. Autry owns and operates Sta
ton KOOL, Phoenix, Ariz., and has
interests in Stations KOPO, Tucson.
Ariz., and KOWL at Santa Monica,
Calf.
Evening star., 1948-12-21

Princeton Triangle members practlced up
getting between the acts of the clubs A
which played capacity audience Lsners Auditorium last
night The Widow Dawes Vincent Smith, jr reform
candidate in the musical satire smatown politics.
gathering convicts Robert Abernehy
right and William Flammer right Ginger McRye (Cub
dent Francis S. Hartley r back right extracts
Minstrel Herbert Strauss Star Staff Photo.
Evening star., 1948-12-21

ficer. National Capital Housing
Authority; Max Stoehrly, assistant
director, Urban Land Institute, and
Jacob L. Crane, special assistant to
the administrator of the Housing
and Home Finance Agency. Mr..
Crane is retiring president of the
group.
Evening star., 1948-12-21
Gene Autry Seeks to Buy
Another Radio Station
BY the A,.eeiotsd Pres,

Gene Autry, the cowboy singer,
yesterday asked authority to buy
Standard Radio Station KTSA at
San Antonio, Tex, for $45o.000.
The station Is owned by Sunshine
Evening star., 1948-12-21
Swiss Meat Prices Rise

Higher meat prices have increased
living costs IN Switzerland to nearly
two-thirds above preWar.
Evening star., 1948-12-21

phony association has announced a
goal Of three times this number of
subscribers. The drive is scheduled
for February 3 to rs.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15
NATIONAL eDlTORIAL
InA0 * ASSOCIATION
ITO @45k1sM anSs1

of her cousin, Mrs. Denton
Phillips.
MIR. and Mrs. John Benzel
were Thursday evening supper
guests at the Walter Heitzman
home.
MIR. and Mrs. Chef Kaiser and
boys, Mr.. and Mrs. Hank Whit
comb and boys and Mrs. Den
ton Phillips were Billings Visi-
tors on Friday.
Sunday evening guests at the
Chef Kaiser home were Mr.. and
Mrs. Vern Kaiser, Mr.. and Mrs.
Harry Heitzman and family. of
Wyola, Nh. and Mrs. Denton
Phillips, Mr.. and Mrs. Hank
Whitcomb and family of Ne
braska and Mr.. and Mrs. Wal
ter Heitzman and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Denton Phillips
were Saturday evening SUPPER
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Tom
Blankenship, who have just re-
Gently moved into their new
home.
Thursday evening supper
guests at the Chef Kaiser home
were Mr. and Mrs. Hank Whit
comb and family, MIR. and Mrs.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15

Grass Creek over the weekend.
They were guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. John Gibson Sunday.
Mrs. Bob Miller and Miss Al
dine Strong of California, called
at the Earle Miller and Billie
Miller homes Sunday afternoon.
MIR. and Mrs. George Gibson
and grandsons, Ronnie and
Dale, spent Sunday picnicking
IN Little Horn Canyon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Tex Middleton
and daughter Kay of Billings,
spent the weekend with Mr.,
and Mrs. Joe Graham. Mrs.
Graham, who had been in Bill
llngS for medical attention, re-
turned home with them.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wayne Bond
and Mrs. Layeta Schorga, spent
Sunday visiting with Mr.. and
Mrs. Unl Bond and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Hults and
Mr.. and Mrs. Irwin HultS ano
family, attended a family picnic
held in Little Horn Canyon
Sunday.
Sunday School is held every
! Sunday at the Willow Greek
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15
LodqeGruss Creek

Larry Wson spent Sunday at
Birney via his grandparents,
Mr.. and Ms. Mike Carney.
Mrs. Ca,oll Graham was a
Lodge Grss shopper Tuesday.
Gary JotGraham spent sew
eral days It's week visiting with
Larry WilSn.
Mrs. HAY Wilson called in
Lodge Gras Tuesday.
Mr.. andMrs. Steve Walker
made a tri to Billings Tuesday
for dental YORK.
Mrs. Bic Miller and Mrs.
Wayne Bod were in Lodge
Grass Wedesday.
MIR. and Mrs. Del Standish
made a tro into Lodge Grass
Wednesday
Mrs. Laeta Schorga from
Pana, Ill. S visiting with her
sister, Mrs. Wayne Bond.
Curt Smith, the Real Silk
Representative, spent Friday on
Lodge Gras Greek.
Mrs. anltMille and children
visited witt Mr.. and Mrs. Lee
Keller of IDdge Grass, Friday
afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Stevens
called in Ldge Grass Friday.
Mrs. JOIN Gibson called on
Mrs. Billie sIiller Friday after
noon.
Joe Clawon and Donnie
Glumbik are helping with hay
ing at the be Graham ranch.
Jack Bali and Robert Clark
returned to lodge Grass Sunday
having finisled haying at the
George Gibsn ranch on Lodge
Grass Creek
Mr.. and Irs. Frank Mason
and family ,amped on Lodge
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15

in and neal Hardin. Tuesday
afternoon thy visited with Mrs.
Carper and Mrs. Wort and also
called on Mss Hannah Batty.
P. L.. McVsy Of Ft. Collins,
Colo, is visiting his sister, Mrs.
Luella Tate.
Mr.. and hrs. Arthur Dotter
of Forsyth we're recent visitors
at the home of Mrs. Dotter's
parents, MI and Mrs. Lvle
Mrs. Ted Klllen and Mrs. Ted
Nagler spent Friday afternoon
with Mrs. Caper.
Mrs. Clarelce Salveson and
family of Billings spent several
days at the Rogers home. On
Sunday they accompanied Mrs.
C. A. RogersIand Mrs. J. F. Rog-
ers and son, when they called
on the GeorEe Rogers family.
Mrs. Helen Carper was hon
ored on her birthday by a din
ner party at the home of her
mother, Mrs Wort. Guests pre-
sent were Mrs. D. w. CAREER.
Mrs. Clara Powers, Mrs. Uriel
King and Miss Marian Russell
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15
North ValleY
UAST WEEKS Z

Mrs. George crouch was nos
tess to the Sunshine club on
Thursday with eight active
members and one honorary
member, Mrs. Luella Tate. We'll
fare work was discussed after
the secretary called the roll.
The next meeting will be a no
hostess meeting, held on the
lawn at the home of Mrs. Lloyde
| Carper on July Is.
Mrs. Grace Wight was a Fri
day evening dinner guest of the
Glenn Moves family.
Mr. and Mrs. George Crouch
and Miss Carolyn Crouch were
Sunday visitors at the home OF
Mrs. Luella Tate in Custer.
Mrs. Ted Nagler and daugh-
ter Libby have been visiting at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. An
drew Kallen. Mrs. Nagler, a
niece of MIR. Kallen is a native
of Holland and just recently
arrived in the United States.
Mr. and Mrs. Ray McKittrick
have had all members of their
family together for the first
time since 1910. Mr.. and Mrs.
Kenneth Fisher and daughters
of Richmond, Calf, and Mrs.
Marshall Adams and son of Los
Angeles arrived in Billings on
Saturday and Mr.. and Mrs. Ho-
ward McFerran of Great Falls
arrived earlier in the week. On
Sunday they had a family din
ner lat the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. Bruce Cook Jr. in Billings.
where Albert McKittrick OF
Laurel and Mr.. and Mrs. Ray
McKittrick joined the other
members of the family.
Mrs. Ole Fugelstad and son
Paul of Roy, Mont, visited Mrs
Lloyde Carper and other friends
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15
Dunrnore News

The Dunmore Home Demon
stration club held its annual
summer picnic on Sunday at
the R. W. Bird home. Many
members and friends were pre-
sent and the pot luck lunch
was enjoyed by all. The remain
der of the afternoon was spent
in playing baseball, in which
nearly everyone took part.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hank Whit
comb and family of Amelia,
Nebr., left Monday morning for
their home after spending the
past week visiting at the home
of Mrs. Whitcomb's brothers,
Chef and Vern Kaiser.
MIR. and Mrs. Charles Hert
and son called on MIR. and Mrs.
Carl Benzel Thursday evening.
Mrs. Mary Stienmetz and
daughters of Sheridan, Wyo.,
spent the fourth of July holi-
days visiting at the L. H. Tay-
Tor and Carl Benzel homes.
Miss Laverne Whitcomb of
Amelia, Nebr., spent Monday
night and Tuesday as a guest
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15
nAST WEEKs ITFMS)

q WEEfAo EAsDol
Mrs. IA. I. Bird of AlvO, Nebr.,
has spent the past week viSi-
ting at the home of her sons,
ER. w. Bird and A. G. Bird of
GarryoWen.
Olan Willis and S. l.. Dahl
were Billings callers on Thurs
day.
Visitors in Red Lodge over
the holiday from this vicinity
Included Mr.. and Mrs. Roy
Smith and Dorece, Leo Dahl
and Les Wagner.
Mr. and Mrs. yMurl Peterson
and boys spent the holidays Wis
iting with MIR. PeterSonS' moth
er in Nigh, Mont.
A picnic held at the Finley
Mocabee home on Sunday was
attended by MI. and Mrs. A. r.
Davis, Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Davis
and family, Mr.. and Mrs. Olan
Willis and family and MI. and
Mrs. Dorman Hennings.
Thursday evening visitors at
the A. G. Bird home were Mr.
and Mrs. r. w. Bird and fam
lily and Mrs. Roy Smith and
Dorece.
Mr.. and Mrs. Chef Kaiser and
sons, Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Heitz-
man and family, Mr.. and Mrs.
August Heitzman and Mr.. and
Mrs. Denton Phillips were
among those attending the July
4th picnic at the Harry Heitz-
man ranch near Wyola.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15

dam site. a record breaking at
Tendance was present Sunday
with q count Of "a. It Will con-
tinue to be held every week at
g o'clock during the summer.
Miss Clara Odds and Miss NAL
Vina johnson are the leaders.
In Costa RIGA, voting in cleo
tions is compulsory for all men
under 10 years old.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15

Vern Kaiser, Mr.. and Mrs. Herb
Hibness and Lois, Mr.. and Mrs.
Denton Phillips and George
HibneS.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1948-07-15

-
1913
HELEN NJ. PETERSON,
Publisher
Ray Criswell, Shop Foreman
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
One Year ---$ $3.50
Outside County, $500
Six Menths --Sl .5O
Three Months s1.N
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-03-25
Text of Policy Statement
On Labor's Political Arm

The following % is the full text OF the declaration adopted
ayes called discuss plans for abo League for Political Ed
Repression @ human rights and freedoms succeed in
4et only seeks destroy the
rights Of American workers by & trade @ unions ion but aso
@ legislative a It does this by prohibiting the
But organized labor not taking that blGw lying down Our
& po s haSn Te Hf the aHe
become mo powerful in our Ian land than M before
Labor has W. abs & for Ed0ea
1t must carry naton-wide campaign political education
Hs the ne rank and of n e to gpG m
% s hope win a sn5 pnn the p0
From the standpoint since under the TafHrey Act we
%s'
This conference unanimously that Labos for
and M local levels as well as the national level
a @ % dGns 50 % to a 3 no @ s & Dd
such for federal political purposes any more than does the
league
lion Of labor and representatives Of the central labor unions each
friends organization up precinct by precinct
ona should be made for regular and
Ts egs to @ % for ~ s S s s
OT ese nd w ao 1Rd I state agu for e
where labos chances for best But there is nothing to
I'll & their % b by every s legal msh @
still the formative wish
that the state leagues should cooperate in with the efforts
the national international raising
buttons affiliated national international should
call their local unions coordinate their activities with the
and local where they located Only by such perfect
do the job that
should also Be remembered that each state league will be
all eXpend
Model procedure will be outlined by the
league.
league organized should speakers
mtee committee
similar carry its activities.
Likewise, should hold
regional enlist the all their
g.t
The cooperation of friendly organizations outside the labor
should be invited Time
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-03-25
NOn-COmplying Unions
Permitted To Testify
I'm NLRB Hearings

Washington LPA)- The NLRB
ruled last week that unions which
have not filed Taft-Hartley affida-
Wits may introduce evidence in
cases involving their locals.
Last December an AFL union
petitioned for collective bargain
ing election in a plant under con-
tract with the United Steelworkers,
a non-registered union. USA pro-
tested that it has contract cover
ing all workers in the plant, in
Guiding the craft unit members
sought by the AFL boilermakers.
The NLRB hearing officers
granted the USA motion to intro
duce the fact of its contractual
position into the record of the case.
However, he refused to let the CIO
union give it's views on what con-
stituted the appropriate bargain
ing unit.
Now the board has ruled that the
hearing officer erred, and USA, the
not in compliance with Taft-Hart-
ley does have the right to testi-
fly on all pertinent issues in the
case, and has returned it to the
regional director for further in
vestigation.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-03-25
Penn. CLU's Hold
Labor Institute

Reading, Pa. (LPA)-More than
500 visiting and local unionists at
tended the Educational and Politic-
al Institute held here by the Con-
ference of Eastern Pennsylvania
Central Labor Unions last week.
Sen. Claude Pepper, who was un-
able to attend the conference be-
cause of Senate night sessions on
ERP, sent a message saying in
part: "Surely until we repeal the
Taft Hartley Act we cannot show
the governments respect for or
confidence in the millions of pat
riotic men and women who do the
work of America"
Lewis G. Hines, national legisla-
tive representative of the AF'L,
filled Peppers place as the ban
quet speaker. "Less than 15a6 of
the members of Congress-" Hines
told the gathering, "knew what
they were voting for when the TIL
bill came up for vote"
The institute included sessions
on anti-labor legislation, propa-
ganda against unions, fighting
back with education and informa-
ton, and political action.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-03-25

level in terms Of real wages have
actually fallen below previous
levels"
Machinists' President Harvey w.
Brown said "those Senators pro-
test too much" Denying the re-
ports attempt to make it appear
that the NLRB is keeping up with
its work-load, Brown remarked:
Nowhere does the report make
any attempt to adjust this rosy
picture with the grim facts made
public by Robert N. Denham, NLRB
general counsel, that $500 cases
now clog the docket of the NLRB.
Mr.. Brown says that 1900 of these
were filed after the passage Of
the Taft Hartley act"
Brown pointed out that "the real
teeth of the act have not yet been
used" He cited the fact that next
week the board twill conduct the
first strike breaking election un-
der the new law, in an attempt to
break lam strike against the Pipe
Machinery Co., of Cleveland, o."
every provision of the law is
aimed at weakening labor organi-
zation," the Machinists' leader
charged. "When Sen. Ball says this
law is working well, he means it
is beginning to undercut the trade
union drive for higher wages"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-03-25

Navy experts say about 90 per
cent of airplane accidents are trace
able to human error.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-03-25
Write Strike Notice
I'm Florida Skies

Tampa, Fla. OPA)-As if tow
ing a picket sign thru the skies
wasn't enough, the striking Air
Line Pilots Ass'n-AFL members
here are now using sky-writing.
"National Airline Pilots On Strike"
was the notice written across the
sky in smoke so that residents of
Tampa and St. Petersburg couldn't
miss it last week.
The picket-line activities Of pilots
for National, which operates be-
tween Newark, Miami, and New
Orleans, continue as the strike
enters its seventh week. ALPA
President David Behncke counter
ed company claims that operations
were normal with a report that
"percentagewise their load factors
and completed schedules are inf
compared to what they
were prior to the walkout."
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-03-25
LABOR AND THE LAW
For The Workers Education Bureau of America III
Federation Labor Legislation And Standards
BY MATTHEW WOLL

an absolute must for the protection
of workers and the maintenance OF
a healthy economy in the years
!, ahead.
Union members should campaign
actively for the strengthening of
the Federal Fair Labor Standards
Act. They should also work for the
enactment of state minimum wage
and hour legislation for the mil
lions of workers who are not COW
cred by the Federal law.
Federal Government Example
For States
The Federal Government has also
set an example that many states
should follow in its adoption of
the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts
Acts and the Davis Bacon Act. The
Walsh-Healey Act sets basic labor
standards for work done on Fed
eral Government contracts for ma
terials, articles, supplies or equip
ment exceeding $4,000. 1t applies
to all employees engaged in the
manufacture, assembling, or ship
ment of articles or materials re-
quired under such contracts. I'm
der the Act the Secretary of Labor
is authorized to issue minimum
wage orders on the basis of min
imum wages prevailing in the par
ticular industry. Time and one
half must be paid for work in ex-
cess of the basic 40-hour week.
The Davis-Bacon Act protects
building tradesmen by requiring
payment of wage rates prevailing
in the community on the construc-
ton, alteration, or repair of pub
lie buildings on all contracts
amounting to more than $4,000.
The principles of the Walsh
Healey Act and the Davis-Bacon
Act should be incorporated by
states, counties, cities, and other
units of government in legislation
or ordinances governing wage pay
ments to workers on projects or
materials produced under public
contract.
Vigorous Union Programs Needed
Experience under the Fair Labor
Standards, alsh-Healey, and
Davis-Bacon Acts has clearly dem
onstrated, however, that such legis-
lation can be no substitute for Wig
orous trade union programs.
Such programs should be direct
ed at Incorporating satisfactory
wage and hour provisions in coilec-
tive bargaining agreements. Most
unions have been able to establish
minimum wage rates for their in
dustry or craft at figures much
higher than the minima provided
by Federal or State minimum wage
The legal minimum
may be essential, however, to pro-