davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-04-25
Talk on Exposures
Set for Photo Seminar

The Photographic Seminar of the
Agriculture Department Graduate
School will present Charles H.
Coles of the American Bolex Co. In
a lecture entitled Correct Exposure
Determination in Photography" on
Wednesday at 8 pm. The lecture
will be held in the auditorium of
the Department Of Agriculture at
Fourteenth street and Independence
avenue S.W.
Mr.. Coles will review the history
Of the various methods for de-
termining exposure and how the
present day photographer has
adapted these methods to his own
use. His lecture will cover all types
Of exposure meters. He also will
give q summary of incident light
versus reflected light as a criterion
for correct exposure.
Mr.. Coles formerly was with the
Edison Cos. Research Bureau, doing
optical and electrical development
and testing. He has been chief
photographer for the American
Museum of Natural History in New
York During the war he served al
Wright Field as chief OF the projects
unit of the Photographic Engineer
ing Bureau Of the Technical Data
Laboratories, during which time he
devised and utilized high speed
Photographic equipment for the
analysis Of engineering problems in
the development Of aircraft, flying
bombs and other equipment.
Evening star., 1948-04-25
Camera Angles
Trick Shots With the Movie Camera

the second half of the negative
remained unexposed and did not
record his passage beyond the tree.
At this point the film was rewound
to the beginning of the scene, the
mask switched over to the exposed
half, and the other side of the
negative exposed without benefit of
horse and rider. A figure can be
caused to vanish in midair by the
same method.
Another effect that Is always good
for mystifying your audience Is the
double exposure. You can conjure
up ghosts, etc, by simply making
two exposures on the same length
of film. This is fairly easy to do
If you can remember the problems
of exposure involved. To begin, you
must note the footage indicator
reading at the start of the initial
exposure. Then shoot your scene
at the correct exposure. To get
the ghost on the film, rewind to
the point where the scene was be-
gun (being sure to cap the lens) and
cover the entire scene With black
cloth. Then have your ghost go
through his motions, exposing one
half stop less than normal The
black cloth will not record on the
film, and when 1t is screened your
ghost will be seen moving about the
scene with furniture and all clearly
showing through his figure.
Avoid Camera Movement.
II you have a mask box for your
lens, it will be easy to have one OF
your characters or actors play a
dual role for your production. The
filming will be made much as in
the case of the horse and rider who
vanished. With the mask slide COW
ering one side of the film, your
performer can act out one role. and
then, after Gaping the lens, switch
ing the position Of the mask, and
uncapping the lens, he can proceed
with the second role. Once again
it must be pointed out that tripod
Is essential to an operation OF this
kind. 1t would be impossible to
match the center parts Of the film
once a camera movement has oc-
Cured.
Ali of these tricks, while easy to
master, and calling for only simple
equipment, require a great deal OF
effort and painstaking care in the
preparation. Since changes of ex-
posure, camera speeds, masking
slides and backgrounds are essen
tial parts OF the operations, be sure
that you carry out each step in
its proper sequence. The best way
to insure good results Is to 60
through all the motions several
times before actually shooting the
film. This way, with an assistant
to check for mistakes, you will be
reasonably sure to turn out a Aim
that will mystify and please your
audiences. And If these tricks of
the trade are not enough you can
always 60 in for wipes. fades, mon
tage, dissolves, etc, which we will
take up at another time.
Evening star., 1948-04-25
Foto.Craft Schedules
Another Print Exhibit

A print exhibit and competition
will be held by the Foto-Craft Club
of the Twelfth street Y. M. c. A.,
Thursday at $3.50 pm. Prints in all
classes will be accepted for the con-
test, in the main lounge of the Y at
1916 Twelfth street NV. A class
for beginners at 7:30 will precede
the regular event.
Present standings In the compe-
tition, based on the results of last
months contest. are: Senior Di-
vision, william Underdew with 28
points; Vernon Ricks with 26 points,
and James r. Burress with II points.
In the Junior Division, Miss Esher
Newman Is points; DR.. George
Adams, 2l, and Douglas Gibbons,
10 points.
Evening star., 1948-04-25
Banquet Thursday
For National Society

The annual banquet Of the Ma
tional Photographic Society will be
held Thursday at Allison's Little
Tea House, 1901 South Arlington
Ridge road, at pm. Miss Marian
Carpenter, a member Of the White
House News Photographers Associ-
alton, will be a speaker. Members
may obtain tickets from Mrs. r. E
Lawrence, wife of the well-known
nature photographer.
On Wednesday = meeting Of the
portrait class will convene at the
home Of DR.. Sidney s. Jaffe, 407
Dorset avenue, Somerset. Md, at
8 pm.
Evening star., 1948-04-25
Beville to Lecture

The Society of Photographic En-
gineers, which meets tomorrow
evening at o'clock in the Natural
History Building of the Smithsonian
Institution, Tenth street and Con-
stitution avenue, will have Henry B.
Beville. chief photographer of the
National Gallery Of Arts, as the
principal speaker. Mr.. Beville will
illustrate his lecture, Application
of Photography to Fine Arts" with
series of slides, both in color and
in monochrome. The meeting will
be open to the public.
Evening star., 1948-04-25

The Washington Chess Divan took
q team Of 10 players to Philadelphia
April II and contested an over-the-
board match with the principal
chess organization Of that city, the
Mercantile Library Chess Associa-
ton. The match was hard-fought
and exciting, the outcome remaining
in doubt until the last two games
were concluded. Martin G. Stark
was under extreme time-pressure,
Evening star., 1948-04-25
Chess Notes

but found his way through COM
plicated situation into . won ending,
and HSns Berliner. although two
pawns down In rook ending, forced
4 stalemate position. The favorable
resolution OF these two games gave
the Washington team 2-point
margin. The score:
Evening star., 1948-04-25

Some Of the most brilliant chess
of the day was played BY Albert w.
Fox, whose experience goes back to
the Cambridge Springs tournament
Of 1904. but whose style still displays
the vigor and eian of youth. In the
game from the match which follows,
Evening star., 1948-04-25
By DonoId n. Mugridse

The third cycle Of the Worlds
Championship Tournament at Mos
COW, now complete save for two ad-
journed games, has furnished some
sensational developments: Botvin-
mix has finally lost q game. and
DR.. Euwe has finally won one! The
United States champion, Reshevsky,
undid the Russian. In one OF his
famous time-pressure scrambles
while Dr.. Euwe, who has let several
won positions slip through his I'm
gers, got his point from VASTLY
Symslov. The standings, however,
remain relatively the same: Bot
vinnik. 8-3; Keres, 51a-4h; Re-
shevsky, SIS; Smyslov, 5h h-6h
Euwe, SO.
Evening star., 1948-04-25
u. ofM.Ofers Course

A course in beginning photogra-
ply win be offered at the University
of Maryland, June 81 through July
30, by the Department of Practical
Art. Fremont Davis, Photographic
illustrator and staff Photographer
for Science Service, will instruct.
Evening star., 1948-04-25

Winkelman began to overextend
his sking's side with 17P-B4, and
shortly had it punctured by tn
thunderbolt on blacks 21St move:
white. Black.
n r WinkeIman, Albert w, Fox.
Evening star., 1948-04-25

Twenty-Five minutes OF exposure
by moonlight is normally required
for every Tooth Of a second exposure
which the same subject would re-
uuire in sunlight. i
Evening star., 1948-04-25

The Saturday Evening Post pays
500 for eye-catching pictures OF
unusual events when accompanied
by copyright releases and explana-
tory letters. None is returned.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17
Gary gives officials
lesson in democracy
DON'T let this c;
BY STAN MACK

GARY, Ind-They don't scare
easily in this tough city of the
steel mills.
Denied the use of public prop
erty, just as in Peoria, I'LL, and
Albany, NJ Y, Paul Robson sang
and talked here anyway Saturday
night before mixed audience OF
800 who jammed st. Paul Baptist
church, Negro institution do
mated rent free.
Robson, champion of oppressed
peoples, was originally scheduled
to appear at Roosevelt school
auditorium under auspices OF the
Midwest Committee for Protection
of the Foreign Born. Immediately
Gary's only daily newspaper, the
Post Tribune, got busy.
ITS EDITOR. H. B. Snyder,
recent recipient of awards; and
citations for tolerance" began
whipping up hysteria against use
of public property for the meet
ing. Joining the Red-baiting cry
were the American Legion,
Daughters of the American Revo-
luton, Catholic groups and a por-
ton of the Negro community.
They forced the city to revoke
its permit for the meeting.
St. Paul's facilitie S
were rendered free of charge The
meeting itself, which brought an
overflow audience, the majority
white, was described by Robson
as democracy in action
Preceding the mass meeting.
Robson was guest of honor at a
banquet in the YWCA sponsored
by the United Public Workers.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17
NLRB and stote
ore polls oport

NASHUA, NH. = OPP = The
prime example of anti-labor red
.ape was unravelled in this state
where some 10000 members of
The Textile Workers Union (CIO)
want union security.
To demonstrate that they actu-
silly favor the union shop, the
workers, who operate u mills
throughout the state, will have to
vote in two separate but identical
elections, in some cases only a
few days apart.
The first election, of course, is
under the Taft-Hartley law The
other is required by state YER
sion of the slave labor law, called
the Wiley law. The NLRB and
the New Hampshire labor COM
missioner couldn't agree on joint
elections, so the workers will have
to go through all the motions
twice. &" ~
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17
Labor on the dir
MEET THE UNION PRINTERS

MEET THE UNION PRINTERS
weekdays 9:15 p. M, Sat.
6:15 p. m--WCFL)-Discus-
sion of the Chicago Typo
graphical union strike.
ARTHUR GAETH Cwed. $50
p. m.-WGN9-An ace com
mentator presents the pro-
gressive viewpoint on ma
tional issues, sponsored by
the CLIO United Electrical,
Radio and Machine Workers.
IT'S IN THE FAMILY cTues5
e:45 p. m.-WENR)-Labor's
own radio quiz show under
the auspices of CLIO.
CLOS AMERICA UNITED Sun.
1900 noon-WMAQD.
BROTHERHOOD r. r. TRAIN
MEN tSat. 4:45 p. WENR)
-,-sEi sts ffF
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17

CLIO, which brought tog e h r
white and Negro leaders who said
they refused to be intimidated by
the tactics of the Post Tribune.
GARY is the city in which
school strikes were held over at
tendance of white and Negro stu
dents in the same classrooms, and
which last fall inaugurated a
policy of student indignation.
In addition to Robson, other
speakers included Pearl Hart,
chairman of the Midwest Com
mittee; Herman Englander, legal
counsel; George Pirinsky, execu-
tive secretary of the American
Slav Congress; Mrs. Katherine
Hyndman, Gary leader, and the
Rev. L. K. Jackson, host pastor.
Studs Terkel was master of cere-
monies. Steve Tandaric and Joe
Weber, labor leaders now fighting
deportation, were introduced.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17
FRIDAY

TOO WBBM-N News of the World
-WMAQ-400 Hour
:30-WBBM-Listen to Cliff
1880 JJD-Uimer Turner; news
a:0o-WLS- Breakfast Club
815--WMAQ- Norman Barry
1900 Breakfast in Hollywood
II :00-WMAQ- News
l2:0o-WAAF-- Symphonic Hour
News: Bentley
IL 45-WBBM- Guiding Light
00-WGN-Queen for a Day
I30-WLS- Bride and Groom
200-WL.S- Be Seated
0O-WBBM-Doubie or Nothing
2:30-WENR- Whiteman Club
5l5-WMAQ-Dave Garroway
5:45- MAO News
6:15 -WBBM-News
645-WGN Inside of Sports
00-WGN-BarI Ives
-WBBM-Baby Shocks Show
f:00-WLS-The Fat Man
7:30-WBRM- Danny Thomas Show
--WMAQ, Can You Top This?
-WMAQ-People Are Funny
S:f5-WGN-Real Stories from Real
Life
30-WGN-Informatio Please
9:00-lWGN-Ted Lewis Show r
4WMAQ- Mystery Theatre
s:ls-WCFL-Meet the Union Printers
Symphonic Hour
9:30-WGN Theatre
10 09-WMAQ- ChesterfieId Supper
Club
10 5-WMAQ-News
5-tJCFL--Music Lovers Hour
10 30--WMAQ- Parker Show
II 0-WBBM-Report from UN
1115-WMAQ-Final Sports
IL 0-WMAQ-World's Great Novels
IL -WMAQ-Concert Miniature
O-WMAG-1160 Club
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17

800 WMAQ-Quiz- Kids
VIVID Roosevelt College play
house
500-WBBM -Family Hour
S 30 WBBM-Pause That Refreshes
ON the Air
6 -WMA2-Jack Benny
6:30-WMAQ-Phil Harris-Alice Faye
$40 -0BBM Blonde
7:00-WMAQ Mccarthy
-WMAQ-Fred Allen
8:0o-WGN-Meet Me at Parlly's
S;3O-WBBM-Tony Martin Show
-WENR-Theater Guild of the
Air
-WMAQ-American Album of
Familiar Music
500 MAQ-Take 1t or Leave It
915-- .ItsD-Symphonic Hour
10 -WBBM-NeWs
-WBBM-Peoples Platform
-WE.NR-Wanted: A Place to Live
lo:5o-WMAQ- Worlds Most Honored
Music
-WBBM-Doorway to Life
II 0-WMAQ-Dave Garroway Show
:00-WENR-Norman Kraeft; classical
Music
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17
THURSDAY

7;00LWBBM- of the World
-WMAQ@4O0 Hour.
T:30-WJJD-Ulme Turner; news
6:00-WBBM-News
5:00-WLS-Breakfast Club
10 :00-WLS-BreaiSfast in HOLLYWOOD
l0:45-WLS-NeWs
PM
I2D0-W AAF-Symphonic Hour
IL :3o-WBBM- Bentley
l2:45-WBBM- Guiding Light
1:00-WGN-Queen for a Day
WLS-Bride and Groom
00-WLS-Ladies Be Seated
-WBBM-Double or Nothing
2.30-WENR-P. Whiteman Club
400-WGN-NeWs
5-WMAQ-Dave Garroway Show
5:45-WMAQ- News
45-WGN-Inside of Sports
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
7:00-W -Aldrich Family
0-WMAQ-Burns & Allen
S0e-WMAQ-Ai Jolson
8:3o-WMAQ-Jack Carson
-WMAQ-Bob Hawk Show
S:I5-WCFL-Meet the Union Printers
9;30-WMAQ- Eddie Cantor
0:00-WBBM-News ,E.se
io:30-WMAQ- Worlds Most Honored
Music
ii 90 WMAQ-NeWs
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17
Radio guide for the week
PM

le;'
2;30-WLS-News -
l2:45-WBBM- Light
00-WGNNQueen for a Day ~
1:30-WLS-Bride and Groom ..
2:00-WLS-Ladies Be Seated
2:00-WBBM- or Nothing
2:39-WENR-P. Whiteman Club
4:O0-WGN
5:l5-WMAQ-Dave Garroway Show
:45-WMAQ-News
:15-WBBM-NeWs
6:36-F IIS-Green Hornet
oO-WGN-Chicago Philharmonic
-WMAQ-Milton BerIe
-WBBM-Big Town
7:Se-WBBM-Mr and Mrs North
0-WENR-America's Town Meet
ing
8;30-WBBM- One
0-WMAQ-Fibber MCGEE 81 Molly
.-WENR-B Boston Symphony Orch
300 WGN-Amer Forum of the Air
WMAQ-Bob Hope
s:ls-WCFL-Meet the Unior Printers
9:30-WGN-Your Right to Say Il
$50 WMAQ-Red Shelton
10;00-WMAQ- Chesterfield Supper ;
Club
5-WMAQ-News
1e.15-WBBM Smith songs
10 3e-WMAQ-World's Nest Hoaored
Music
10 as WBRM- Sports Final
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-01-17
MONDAY

AN
7oo-WBBM News of the World
-WMAQ-4G0 Hour
7:36-WJJD- -Ulmer Turner; news
:00-WLS-Breakfast Club
8:0e -WBBM-News
8:45-WMAQ- Norman Barry
1900 -WLS-Breaixfast in Hollywood
PM
IL :00-WAAF-S Symphonic Hear
1900 MAG-News
IL 80 BBM-News: Bentley
00-WGN-Queen for Day
l:30-WLS-Bride and Groom
2o0-WI-S-Ladies Be Seated
0-WBBM-Double or Nothing
230-WENR- Whiteman Club
4:00--WGN-NeWs
. l5-WMAQ-Dave Garroway Show
6:l5-WMAQ-New of the World
45-WGN-Insiec of Sports
7e0--WBBM- Sanctum
WMAQ-Cavalcade of America
o-WBBM-Lux Radio Theater
9:M-WGN-Ga ngbusters
s:lS-WCFL-Meet the Union Printers
-WBBM-Screen Guild PLAYERS
-WMAQ-Fred Warning Show
10 15-WMAQ-News Kirby
10 0-WENR-Piatter Party
Evening star., 1948-07-05
For q STRONGER Voice

It is welcome news that the State De-
partment will assume sole responsibility
for all "Voice of America" broadcaStS be-
ginning next October /. The change should
reduce to a minimum, or eliminate en-
tirely, the possibility of any repetition of
programs like those that set off an ex-
plosion in Congress not many weeks ago.
Under the old arrangement, largely be-
cause of congressional refusal to appro-
pirate enough money for the project,
considerable portion of the departments
international programming was prepared
and broadcast, on contract basis, by our
private radio networks without any prior
check or review by officials in charge of
the Voice" 1t is not surprising, in the
circumstances, that some absurdities went
out over the air to foreign Enthusiastically
the utterly stupid and mischievous stuff
that was beamed to Latin America.
Now, however, Congress having been
shocked and angered into providing ade-
quate funds to insure an intelligent han
ding of the project, the State Department,
through the organization headed by As
sistant Secretary George Allen, will be in
a position to separate the wheat from the
chaff and see to it that the Voice of
America" speaks out maturely, in way
that will serve the best interests OF the
Evening star., 1948-07-05

British model was rejected. that fact
brought the countries he liberated nearer
to their principal North American neigh
bor. So even in his Illustrations he builded
better that he knew.
The heirs of Bolivar's labors and sacri-
fees appreciate his example probably
without comprehending it perfectly. It is
of no consequence now that his contem-
poraries regarded him as a dictator and
plotted his assassination. The ideal of
Pan American unity which was his ulti-
mate objective, has come to be valued by
millions throughout the hemisphere. Lead
ing as it does inevitably to the philosophy
of the whole earth supporting freedom
and fellowship, it entities him to be listed
among the authentic builders of modern
civilization in it's best human. aspects. The
ceremony at Bolivar, Missouri, today wit
nesses to that appraisal.
Evening star., 1948-07-05

United States. It will be in position, In
short to keep of the air the type of thing
that can at best do no more than make
our foreign listeners laugh at us.
Thus, under the setup that will begin
operating in the fall, the State Depart
ment's Voice" division will produce and
broadcast all news and news commentary
programs. In addition, it will turn out
most of the feature material and give
full and complete" prebroadcast review
to any that may be prepared under con-
tract by private agencies. This fixes the
responsibility where it belongs. AS a re-
suit, quantity probably will decline, but
the quality should be much better in terms
of giving the world an accurate idea of
what America is and what we stand for.
All this is important in an age when
rival systems of government-democr
and tyranny-are engaged in "cold war;"
1t is a war in which ideas, expressed over
the radio or through other means of
communication. can be powerful weapons
in the winning of mems minds. Viewed in
that light, a well-directed "Voice of
America" can be valuable part of our
arsenal. The effort to strengthen it is
therefore altogether timely and commend
able.
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Bolivar Now

Today at Bolivar, Missouri, President
Gallegos of Venezuela will present to the
United States, represented by President
Truman bronze statue of the man for
whom that city was named. Towns in
New York, Ohio Pennsylvania, Tennessee
and West Virginia also keep his memory
alive. Unlike General San Martin, he has
no monument in Washington. Perhaps
some day the lack will be supplied. Mean
while, Simon Bolivar is living force in
the world; and that is all that really
matters.
Soldier and statesman, leader of the
revolutions which resulted in the inde-
pendence of his native Venezuela, Colom-
bia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Bolivia,
he was born at Caracas on July "a, 1888,
and died near Santa Maria in what then
was Nueva Granada on December II, 1880.
His story has been told many times and
is as fresh and inspiring now as when
it first was written. Yet 1t may be Won
dered If it commonly is understood. The
tragic elements in the narrative match
those imagined by the classic Greek
dramatists Aeschylus and Euripides.
Bolivar, dying of tuberculosis at forty
seven, was failure. He had freed
the northern portion of South America
and had been in effect its uncrowned
king. But no man could have corrected
all that needed correction, replacing the
old Spanish system of colonial autocracy
with completely new society Of equal
rights and privileges for all the people.
He strove against an unbeatable combina-
ton of circumstances. Yet he triumphed
in his dream of constitutional republics
which should cooperate in federation
based on common culture. If his organi-
cation OF government predicated on the
Evening star., 1948-07-05
The InequitobIe Pay Act

President Truman was thoroughly justi-
fed in criticizing Congress for failing to
deal adequately with the Federal pay
problem. Instead of undertaking long
needed revision of the classification sys-
tenn, as the President and the Civil Service
Commission had urged, Congress added
another patch to the crazy quilt pay fabric
already existing. This fabric has become
so worn and frayed that makeshift repairs
no longer are practicable. A compre-
hensive modernization job is essential.
Mr.. Truman called attention to an
anomaly already noted by The Star in it's
news and editorial columns, namely, that
the new pay legislation will add new
and to his mind ridiculous" inequity to
the Federal pay muddle. BY limiting appli-
cation of the $3.50 increase to certain
employees, the act will create in some
departments and agencies situation in
which subordinate employees will be receiv-
ing up to $3.50 a year more than their
superiors. This will result from failure
of Congress to extend the fiat raise to
heads of independent agencies and boards
and to members of commissions. This
group of high-level administrators, tech
nicians and specialists still comes under
the ten thousand dollar Federal pay CELL
ing. To make matters even more be-
wildering, the act permits some officials
formerly within the ceiling to receive the
additional $3.50. Furthermore, postal en-
ployes are given an increase of $3.50 year
instead of $3.50, disparity that cannot
be defended If, as indicated, the pay raise
was designed to meet the increased cost
of living. And District employees were
given nothing.
Such inequities would not be tolerated
long in private industry. Yet they have
been developing in the Government service
for years, as result of haphazard salary
legislation since the 1928 reclassifcation of
Federal employees. Every attempt to deal
with the pay problem In piecemeal fashion
cnly complicates the job that eventually
must be done. This task is the complete
overhauling of jobs and salaries from top
to bottom. A plan for accomplishing this
revision was presented to Congress at the
past session by the Civil Service Commits
sion. Adoption of this or some equally
sound plan should be must" on the
legislation list prepared for the next
Congress-
Evening star., 1948-07-05


the convention hall, playing loud tune and
waving banners advocating the nomination
of Mayor Curley of Boston. That temporarily
upset the permanent chairman and he pounded
with his gavel, demanded order and threat
ened to have the aisles cleared. Then, with
the confusion subsiding, he recognized Senator
Clark, who delivered the report of the Rules
Committee, made short speech favoring its
adoption-another maneuver under House rules
that would shut off debate-and concluded:
"Mr. Chairman, move the adoption of the
report, and on that the previous question
A dozen delegates were on their feet, de-
manding recognition.
Chairman Robinson brought down his gavel:
1.-THE Chairman of the committee moves the
previous question on the report AS many as
favor the previous question will vote Aye; as
many as are opposed will vote NO. The Ayes
seem to have it, the previous question is
ordered.
THE vote recurs on the report. AS many as
favor agreeing to the report will vote Aye;
to have it, The Ayes have it and the report
Is agreed to-
Bang" went the gavel And while delegates
were still an their feet, waiting for recognition
and a chance to debate the passing of the two
thirds rule after its century of comforting
solace to the Southern minority, the rule went
out of the window.
In later years Judge Clark told friends that
this moment was the high point Of his career
When the tWo-thirds rule was killed. honor
was satisfied He felt that a debt, owing to
his dad had been in part discharged.