davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-02-05

alton OF state and cooperative
farms. So @
A drive to amend the hard terms
OF the peace treaty and entry Of
Bulgaria into the United Nations" +"
A foreign policy based on inde-
structible friendship with the Soviet
Union.
Construction of the Fatherland
Front as a single public political
organization Of the Bulgarian
people.
The opening of State, municipal
and national stores, bakeries, res
taurants and the creation of state
monopolies in tobacco, alcohol,
liquid fuel and salt.
theoretically, other political par
ties will be able TO exist in Bulgaria,
but only within the Communist
dominated Fatherland Front.
Statutes adopted Tuesday pro-
vide that all decisions made by the
Fatherland Front are binding on
all political parties and members
within it. The statutes say no
member expelled by the Fatherland
Front can join another party
within it, and that all block, ward
city, village and country organiza-
tions will be unified into the Faith
erland Front.
Dimitrov watched from the
speakers platform as 1000 dele
gates voted this program through
with machine-like precision. Not
a single dissenting vote on any word
of the program was heard in two
DAYS
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Area Head 10 Inspect
Salvation Army Units

The Salvation Army's newly.
appointed territorial commander,
1t. Commissioner Albert E. Ches.
ham of Atlanta, will arrive this
week end to inspect the organiza-
tion's activities in the District, It
was announced today.
A board of trustees meeting at the
Evangeline Residence, 1880 L street
NV, will follow his arrival Stature
day morning, at which building ex-
tension plans for the Social Services
Center, First and r streets NV,
and the residence for young bust.
ness women will be discussed.
A youth rally is scheduled Satur.
day evening at headquarters of the
army's new corps in Alexandria at
316 King street. Religious services
will be conducted Sunday by the
new territorial commander and his
party at the various corps head
quarters in the Washington area.
The Washington board and ladies'
auxiliary will hold a joint session
at the Evangeline Residence at
1880 pm. Monday. when Commis-
sioner and Mrs. Chesham will speak
70 the groups. =
A luncheon will be given in Com
missioner Chesham's honor Tues
day at the Capitol by Senators Of
Is Southern States. The hosts will
be Senators George, Democrat, Of
Georgia; Holland. Democrat, Of
Florida, and johnson, Democrat, Of
South Carolina,
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Politics
Continued From First Page.)
By the A:zocioted Press

President Truman's civil rights rec
concentrations to Congress.
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Home Rule
Continued From First Page.)

too, should be given their own gov
ernment and management OF city
functions. He praised the bill as
good as any I have read, If not
better" and said the report of the
House Home Rule Subcommittee,
headed by Representative Auchin-
Gloss, Republican, Of New Jersey,
was "a model Of clarity"
If he were writing the bill. he
added, he would make some
changes. He stressed that the Dis
trict manager to be appointed by
the counsel should serve literally
at the pleasure Of the counsel"
Objecting to provisions OF the
measure which would require the
council to give the manager notice,
with reasons in writing, If they
sought to remove him, Dr. Brown
low said such machinery was neither
necessary nor desirable.
1T would detract from the en-
phasis that should be placed on the
manager as the responsible agent OF
the council. The manager should
not serve one moment longer If a
majority of the elected representa-
tives of the people, constituting the
council, wanted him removed"
The witness also objected to pro-
visions for council appointment OF
several assistant managers. The
manager, he explained, should have
a staff of assistants, "but If you call
them Assistant Managers in capital
letters. as the bill now does, it would
tend to set up the Crown Prince
complex and might interfere with
contacts between the manager and
the department heads"
He also recommended against
having the director of finance ap-
pointed by and reporting directly
to the council, as suggested by a
witness yesterday. DR.. Brownlow
said he was afraid that would set
up rivalries and that the manager
should have centralized administra-
tive authority.
Representative Allen, Republican,
Of California, asked him If the pro-
vision banning council interference
with the manager in the selection
Evening star., 1948-02-05

Icals into martyrs. Hs proposes
isolating subversive movements b.
the following means:
Continuous investigation and sur
veillance of all subversive activities
prompt prosecution of offenders
deportation Of all aliens adhering te
subversive principles; public educa-
ton; continuous study and public
listing of subversive, groups by the
Attorney General under the loyalty
program; complete elimination Of
subversive persons from all Govern
ment jobs; active work by labor
unions to eliminate subversive per-
sons from their membership and a
Tightening of certain statutes.
Would Not Deny Civil Rights.
In his lead-off statement, Mr.
Mundt said his plan would not even
deny Communists any rights under
the Constitution which they "hold
in such contempt"
at simply calls for the extension
of the principle which safeguards
the American public against stock
frauds, adulteration Of foods and
drugs, to the field OF propaganda" /"
Mr.. Mundt declared.
Since the Communist Party and
its front organizations are irrefute-
BILE agents Of a foreign power. it
provides that they so state on their
propaganda and printed material,
just as we demand the proper label
ing of foods and drugs. What could
be fairer than that?"
Asked by Representative Vail, Re-
publican, of Illinois why he opposed
outlawing the Communist Party,
Mr.. Mundt replied that the Com
munist Party was illegal and out
lawed in Russia when it took over
the government. He said he be-
lieved that by following the Amer
ican method of registration, Con-
gress could strengthen this coun-
try's position abroad
Representative Hebert, Democrat,
of Louisiana wanted to know how
Mr.. Mundt's proposal would reach
Communist front organizations
which deny this affiliation. When
Mr.. Mundt replied that the Justice
would determine which
were Communist front organiza-
tions, Mr.. Hebert complained that
the Un-American Activities Com
mittee has repeatedly described the
Southern Conference of Human
Welfare a Communist-front organ
ization and the Attorney General
has not included it on his list.
James Truslew Adams, author of
History of the American People"
sent the committee a statement say
ing he does not believe present laws
dealing with Communists are work
ing" but he offered the opinion that
the proposals made so far contain
their own elements Of danger"
This was a reference not only to
the Mundt bill but also to one by
Representative McDonough, Repub-
lican, of California to define COM
munism and make any one practic-
ing it guilty Of treatSon.
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Annex
CONTINUED From First Page.) }

stood to indicate the Union has no
intention of halting construction or
seeking conference looking to
that end.
Delay Is Costly. s r.
pointed out the delay already has
cost more than half a million dollars
III estimated construction costs. : "a
Mr.. Clarke denied the annex
building is sin conflict with the
established building lines"
It hope you will withdraw your
objection" he told Mr.. Krug, so as
no longer to embarass the officials
Of the Pan American Union, ana
those of the South American re-
publics. I can assure you that the
building will be one of the most had
some and notable structures in
Washington and thus assume a
place of dignity and of good order
in the great central composition OF
the National Capital"
For this reason, the Fine Arts
chairman took issue with Mr.. Krug's
contention that the building would
effect irreperable permanent dam
age" to the developments in the CEN
tral area.
He disclosed that both the Fine
Arts Commission and the National
Capital Park and Planning Com
mission were thoroughly aware of
the irregularity that would be Gre
ated in the Constitution avenue
building line by construction OF the
annex
THE fact is" he reminded the
Secretary, I'VE desire to terminate
the long view looking easterly across
the handicapped areas between the
row of existing buildings on Con-
stitution avenue by placing an arch
itectural gem, the Pan American an
mex, in position of prominence
close to the avenue" Mr.. Clarke
closed the door on the controversy
so far as the Fine Arts Commission
is concerned. In curt reminder to
the Secretary he said plans for no
single structure in Washington have
received more careful study and
consideration than those for the
annex building.
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Clark Asks Tightening
|0f Communist Curbs,
Opposes Party Ban
By Miriam Ottenberq

Attorney General Clark today
proposed curbing Communism
by Tightening laws now on the
books rather than by attempting
to outlaw the Communist Party.
One of the first to testify as a
House Un-American Activities sub
committee launched two weeks of
hearings on anti-C Communist legis-
lation, Mr.. Clark specifically -sug-
gested that Congress-:
1. Require all aliens to report
their addresses once year.
2. Permit the Justice Department
to hold aliens for a definite length
of time when their own countries
refuse to take them back.
8. Hold officers of subversive Or
ganizations responsible for regis
tration of their groups under the
Voorhis Act, which requires regis
tration of groups under foreign
control aimed at overthrow Of the
Government by force.
4. Strengthen the Espionage Act
along lines to be recommended later
Ban Might Be Unconstitutional.
Efforts to outlaw the Communist
Party, the Attorney General de-
clared, would only drive the mem
bers underground. Such law
might be declared unconstitutional,
he added. st
He said there was mo more
potent weapon" than the work of
the House Committee on Un-
American Activities lin bringing
into the spotlight of publicity the
activities of individuals and groups"
Earlier, the subcommittee, headed
by Representative Nixon, Repub-
lican, of California, heard proposal
from Representative Mundt, Repub-
lican, of South Dakota, to expose
Communists by making them regis
ter with the Justice Department as
foreign agents.
II. s. Is Holding 3.400 Aliens.
Mr.. Mundt, acting chairman of
the full committee, said forcing
Communists to label themselves
would strip away their dark mantle
of seductive secrecy" He also op-
posed outlawing the party.
Mr.. Clark disclosed that this
country now is holding about 3,4Oo
aliens whose own countries will mob
admit them. OF this group, he said,
about 2,1Oo are deportable to coun-
tries behind the iron curtain"
He said at least 100 of those who
should be sent back to Russian
dominated countries are IN custody
because they have been found guilty
of subservice activities.
The courts, the Attorney General
told the subcommittee, never have
ruled definitely on how long such
aliens may be held, fixing it only as
a reasonable time"
Warns of "Martyrdom."
"Yet, in many cases." Mr.. Clark
added, "aliens Who are at large are
able to continue activities preju-
dicial to the interests of the United
States-the same activities which
often rendered them deportable
originally
He proposed passage of law per-
mitting the Justice Department ito
detain these deportees for a limited
time under conditions permitting
them complete freedom to negotiate
for documents for entrya into, .coun-
tries willing to accept, them j: !. ::;a.
Mr.. Clark, in opposing legislation
to outlaw the Communist Party,
warned of the risk of turning radi-
Evening star., 1948-02-05

Fair Employment Practice Commits
sion agreed the vote would be close.
Mr.. Truman touched off a politi-
cal explosion in the Dixie wing OF
his party earlier this week when
he urged Congress to act on a To-
point civil rights program. Besides
the fair employment setup, it calls
for an antilynching law and other
measures which always bring deep
South Democrats to the boiling
point. ..
Mr.. Truman refused to comment
today ON Southern opposition to his
civil rights proposals.
Asked at a news conference what
he thought of the reaction of some
Southern Senators and Governors
the President replied that he had no
comment and added that the COM
ments are being made by the press
itself and over the radio.
Mr.. Truman refused TO be drawn
into a discussion of a proposal to
reopen the Belasco Theater and
produce plays there on non-segre-
CATION basis. The Treasury now is
using the old theater for a store
house.
The Southerners have denounced
Mr.. Truman, talked of calling a
rump convention to break away
from him politically, and have dis
cussed shutting off funds from the
South earmarked for the Demo-
cratic Party.
Hill Assails Measure.
Senator Hill, Democrat, of Ala
bama, a Labor Committee member,
told a reporter the fair employment
bill would create bitterness and
resentment and do much more
harm than good"
Senator Ellender, Democrat, of
Louisiana, also a member, pre-
dicted that If the bill was approved
in its present form, the party re-
volt would blossom into "a real
war"
Senator Taft, the committee
chairman, sent. word to reporter
that he was willing to let the meas
ure clear the committee, but ex-
pected to vote against it in the Sen
ate. He did not say why.
The bill is sponsored by Senator
Ives of New York, three other Re-
publicans and four Northern Demo-
Gratis.
While the employment issue occu-
pied Senators, House Judiciary
Subcommittee was in the midst of
hot row over proposed antilynch
legislation.
But Representative Case of New
Jersey and other Republican spon-
sors Of measures to outlaw lynch
ing expressed confidence that bill
will 60 to the House floor soon.
They won support from such Or
ganizations as the American Civil
Liberties Union, the American Jew
ish Congress and the National As
sociatior for the Advancement of
Colored People.
Same Old Row, Says TrimbIe.
For the second DAY in succession,
the civil rights program also figured
in debate in the House, but off the
floor, Representative Trimble, DEM
ocrat, of Arkansas, called it "the
same old row within the Democratic
Party which occurred every presi-
Dental election year since can
remember"
Evening star., 1948-02-05
BIuskowitz
Continued From First Page J

we'll prove of greater Importance
to Germany than any other"
The top defendant is Field Mar
shal Wilhelm Ritter Won Leeb, who
was an army group commander in
the invasion of France.
Blaskowitz had been charged with
causing the deaths of prisoners of
war and civilians in Poland, where
he commanded the German 9th
Army. He had pleaded innocent on
his arraignment December 80.
The 13 remaining military leaders
are being tried by an all-American
court.
Blaskowitz was the ninth suicide
to die in the Nuremberg Jail since
Hermann Goering. and other war
crimes prisoners were brought here
in November, 1945.
Among the others were Goering
Robert Ley, former Nazi labor boss
and DR.. Leonardo Cont, accused
founder of an inhuman medical ex-
pertinent program.
oldSkOWlUZ COIIllIldllOCu tllC al lllACc
of occupation in Czechoslovakia in
1889 and in the same year became
governor of Bohemia.
Later, after the outbreak of the
war, he was made commander in
southern Poland From 1912 to
1943 he commanded the 1st Army
in Russia.
In mid-1944 he was leading an
army group in Southern France, but
the following March he was shifted
to the northern sector of the West
ern Front.
Subsequently he was reported re-
moved from his army group COM
mand. He was heading the 25th
Army when the army surrendered
to the Canadians in the Neither
lands May 5, 1945
He was indicted last November
with the 13 other German war lead
ers, on charges of crimes against
peace and humanity. He Was ar
raigned December 80 and pleaded
innnocnf
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Whites Seq Food Cote
Gets LIQUOR Sole License

The Alcoholic Beverage Control
Board yesterday issued license, to
sell beer, wines and mixed drinks to
Gardiner Spring White, proprietor
of Bob Whites Sea Food Restaurant,
319 Pennsylvania avenue Sc, after
no one appeared at a hearing called
to hear protests.
The board had received several
protests by mail last week and set
today as the day to hear the pro-
tests.
Evening star., 1948-02-05

that minority groups would be con-
tolled by radicals, he added.
He said the self interest group
opposing the bill hold positions in
the present government which would
be abolished or reduced in power.
He also blamed much of the opposi-
ton on those who had a financial
interest" In the present form of gov
ernment.
He said the Auchincloss report
came as great shock to these
people because they did not want
to be placed in a position of being
against the American system. Con-
sequently, he said, they have been
dragging up all sorts of arguments
against the Auchincloss bill.
Mr.. Armstrong said his group was
in favor Of the bill in general and
was in favor of national representa-
ton also but not as substitute for
home rule or as prerequisite for
home rule.
Mrs. Dunn Testifies.
Mrs. Milton Dunn, representing
the Voteless District of Columbia
League of Women Voters, testified
her group thought the proposals
provided a framework for good
government in the District" She
suggested that because of the i'm
portance of the Board OF Elections,
which will set up and conduct regis
tration and elections under the plan,
its members should have the same
qualifications as candidates for elec-
tive office, three-year residence
requirement.
Austin L. Fickling, representing
the Federation of Civic Associations
and the colored Elks of the District,
urged passage of the bill with some
changes, including the suggestion
that plurality be used for electing
city council members instead Of a
majority vote as provided in the
bill.
Senator Johnson, Democrat, of
South Carolina asked:
why do you want to change
from majority to a plurality?"
Machine Politicians Feared.
Mr.. Flickling answered that the
civic association felt that majority
vote would encourage machine
politics and lessen the "effect of
minorities." He added that he was
opposed personally to this recon-
mendation of the association.
Mr.. Johnston commented, "You
don't want to go all the way demo-
cratic and let the majority rule"
Mr.. Flickling said his group wanted
the bill to pass and that if it de-
pended on the question Of the ma
jority vote they would be willing to
accept the majority vote:
Mr. Fickling also testified that the
association did not approve of the
transfer of the powers to appoint,
promote, transfer and dismiss per-
sons in the school system from the
Board of Education.
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Trial of IL Begun.


American prosecutors opened
their case against the other mill
tary leaders, declaring this last case
might well prove of greater i'm
portance to Germany than any
other"
Brig; Gen. sTslford Taylor of
Chevy Chase, Nd, chief american
war crimes prosecutor, tod the
court in his opening statement that
the army men guided the old Ger
man Reichswehr until it became a
hard striking, aggressive weapon.
He asserted that German generals
were leaders in breaking the Ver-
sailles Treaty in the 1920s. He said
they embarked on rearmament-"It 1t
was not invented by Hitler" The
whole thing, he declared, was part
of common plan having to do
with eventual war.
Gen. Taylor outlined the part
played by each defendant in rela-
ton to the general staff. He con-
tended that the general staff kept
Germany's war spirit alive with a
quiet, effective program for mill
tarism between wars.
Defendants Listed.
He took up individually the cases
of these defendants:
Leeb-Commanded the 18th Army
in occupation of the Sudetenland
and later was commander in chief of
an army group invading France.
Field Marshal Hugo Sperrle-
Commanded the Condor Legion in
Spain and later Nazi Air Fleet 3,
bombing England from bases in
France.
Field Marshal Georg Won Kuechler
Commanded the 18th Army and
later the Army Group North, both
in Russia.
Gen. Hermann Won Hoth-Com-
manded the 4th Panzer Army in
Russia
Gen. Hans Reinhardt-Commanded
the Sd Panzer Army and later an
army group center in Russia.
Gen. Hans Won Salmuth-Com-
manded the 18th Army in France.
Gen. Karl Holidt-comamnded the
9Th Army in Southern Russia. Later
he was liaison officer to Hitler's
Reichschancellory.
Admiral Otto Schniewind-suc-
cessively operations officer, chief of
the navy armament office and COM
mander of naval battle forces In
Norway.
Commanded Rear Area.
1t. Gen Karl Won Rouques-a
group commander in Southern Rus
sia and later commander of the rear
area of Army Group A in the Cau-
casus.
1t. Gen. Walter Warlimont-
Jodls deputy military envoy to
Franco in Spain in 1896. Later he
was chief of the department of ma
tional defense on the armed forces
operation staff.
1t. Gen. Otto Woehler-com-
manded Army Group South in Rus
Sia.
1t. Gen. Rudolf Lehmann-legal
counsel of the German Army.
1t. Gen. Hermann Reinecke-chief
of staff of the National Socialist
guidance staff of the High Com
mand.
Evening star., 1948-02-05
Bulgaria
Continued From First Page)

consisted largely of confessions in
volving Mr.. Petkov.
Mr.. Gichev's indictment charged
him with trying to fornent an up
rising to take place with an Anglo
American invasion of Bulgaria.
Evening star., 1948-02-05
3 Congress Martins,
All HRepubLcons,,H Hard
On Capitol Mailman
BY the Assoeiaisd Press

There are three Martins in
Congress, all Republicans, and
it's not as hard as you think
to mix them up.
The three are House Speaker
Joseph w. Martin of Massachu-
setts, Representative Thomas
e. Martin of Iowa and Senator
Edward Martin Of Pennsyl-
var1ia.
A recent advertising circular
was addressed this way:
Hon. Tom Martin, Republi-
can Speaker, United States
Senate"
The Capitol mailman deliv-
cred 1t to the Iowa Martin.
Evening star., 1948-02-05

consisted largely OF confessions IN
volving Mr.. Petkov.
Mr.. Gichev's indictment charged
him with trying to foment an up
rising to take place with an Anglo
American invasion of Bulgaria.
Charges in Indictment.
The indictment declared:
"Gilchev was visited in his home
by a farmer who told him that he
had arranged a meeting for him
with Mark Ethridge president
Trumans envoy in order to explain
to him that the partisan movement
in our country was formed by peas
ants and not by workers Com
munists)."
I'm July, during thes last session
of the supreme council Of the Bull
garian National Union of the
Agrarian Party in which was dis
cussed the declaration of the execu-
tive committee for collaboration
with workers (Communists) Gichev
invited Agrirov Zone defendant) in
his home and told him that in spite
Of the fact that Nikola Petkov was
arrested they must continue the
same policy because the Anglo
American impose their will
Indictment Is Surprise.
The indictment also quoted Mr..
Gichev as saying war Is unavoid-
able and then the Anglo-Americans
together with groups formed in Bull
garia will make an invasion of this
country and will liberate us from
the dictatorship OF the govern
ment."
The indictment came as somewhat
of a surprise since the Dimitrov
government has been presenting a
front of national unity during the
two-day congress of the Fatherland
Front Party, which reorganized the
country into virtual party
state.
Under normal procedure the trial
would not take place for several
weeks.
100000 Parade in Sofia.
Bulgaria became virtually one
party state Tuesday night under
the iron guidance of Dimitrov.
About 100000 Bulgars heralded
the change by parading past re-
viewing stand where Dimitrov stood
fianked by a Russian general. They
shouted themselves hoarse acclaim
ing the 65-year-old chief of state.
Bulgaria's transition was accom-
plished by reorganization of the
Fatherland front, which the Com
munists dominate. Until now, il
had been a name for a political
coalition. The Fatherland Front
now becomes a political party EN-.
bracing all other Bulgarian politica.
parties and virtually all mass or
ganizations and even individual
persons with no political allegiance
Program Adopted. 4.
A congress of the Fatherlanc
Front adopted at "a two-day meet.
ing a program aimed at completely
Sovietizing Bulgarian life.
Included in this program wert
the following:
Closing of all private religious
schools and taking over by tn.
state of all public education.
Socialization Of industry and ere