davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-09-03

mand for favorable exchange rate
for their Eastern German mark In
trade between Eastern and Western
Germany.
These inforn.ants said the Rus
slams insist on a straight one-for-
one exchange of East-West marks
but German financial circles in the
Western zones contend one Western
mark should be worth at least foul
East marks.
Soviet Papers Gloat.
Soviet-licensed newspapers gloatee
over reports that the Western Allies
had agreed to adopt the Russian
backed mark for all Berlin.
At the same time they violentl,
attacked German anti Communist
political leaders who, like Socialist
Franz Neumann. appealed to the
West to stand fast on currency, o.
be accused of another Munich"
Taegliche Rundschau, official Sow
let organ of the Soviet military ad-
ministration, declared:
| "A sigh of relief has come from
the plagued masses of Berlin's West.
ern sectors. News that the talks ir
Moscow had positive results ano
that in Berlin only the last technical
problems have to be solved, have
been greeted by all Berliners with
profound satisfaction.
Talk Branded as "Prattle."
Rundschau branded Mr.. Neu-
mann's address before a rally yes.
terday in the American zone as
'prattle'' containing only hatred
calumny, lies and no positive pro-
posals.'
West Berlin politicians want tc
drive the situation into even more
of a deadlock than their masters
of transatlantic military govern.
ment," the newspaper asserted
They don't even stop at the most
SenSeleSS rumorS, for instance abou
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Continued From First Page.

! tCOntlnueQ from FlfSt Page.)
met. Friends of DR.. Benes said he
told them Gottwald talked like
Hitler" The cabinet was sworn in
February 81.
! For DR.. Benes, certainly. it hao
tragic repercuSsions. On March 10
Jan Masaryk, son of the old liberia
tor, died. The government blamed
suicide plunge from his Foreign
Ministry apartment. Foes of the
Communists charged he was mur
dered.
! Wept at Funeral.
! A great state funeral was held
/ DR.. Benes went to the funeral. He
looked feeble and defeated. He wept
bitterly.
On April 7 he returned to Prague
! to present a charter to Charles
University. He said:
There can be no peace or calm
in this world until there is full
honor and respect of one individual
for another"
1lIoll, Cll ullc 4, llc ItSlSllSu.
The love of his people persisted
| 1t was demonstrated a month after
his resignation when 10000 march
ers in the Sokol congress cheered
! his name and gave GottWald only
silent treatment
People Turned to Him in 1898.
For years DR.. BeneS had been the
man the people turned to in mo-
ments of peril. They turned to him
in 1888, but the pressure was toe
great then, also. He saw his coun-
try dismembered for ALI illusory
| peace in our time" as Britain S
Prime Minister Chamberlain ex-
pressed it.
Exposed on three sides to German
territory. CzechOSlovakia became the
object Of covetous glances from the
Nazis in 1888 as World War II cast
its shadow before it. The German
population in the Sudetenland, en-
couraged BY Germany, set up a de-
mand for autonomy, alleging unfai:
treatment by the government of
CZechoSloVakia, headed by DR.. Benes
as President.
In the impending crisis the polit-
ical heads of Great Britain, France,
Germany and Italy met and out of
their conferences came the pact of
Munich under which the two democ-
racies bowed to Hitler at the ex-
penSe of Czechoslovakia in vain
attempt to satisfy his lust for terri
tory.
Went Into Exile.
A few days after the pact was
signed DR.. Benes resigned the presi-
dency because my remaining in
Office might constitute an obstacle
to the new conditions which now
confront this state"
He told his couiltrymen that "the
four powers gathered and decided
upon the sacrifice we had to make
and obliged us to accept" adding
that "our nation will never forget
even if it bears its fate calmly
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Allies Reported Satisfied
With Moscow Proqress

MOSCOW. Sept. 3 tP.-Western
diplomats were reported satisfied
today with the course OF talks in
Berlin to date between the military
governors of the United States, Rus
sia, Britain and France.
Should the Berlin meetings be-
come deadlocked, the problems
would be referred back here for
discussion in the Kremlin. Several
more days Of talk are expected in
Berlin about the blockade, currency
and other German matters.
The envoys here are continuing
their informal meetings. British
envoy Frank Roberts called on
American Ambassador Walter Bedell
Smith during the day.
Indications are that no four
power meeting will be held in Mos
COW this week end,
Evening star., 1948-09-03
THE EVENING STAR, Washington D. c. ** As
).

an alleged issue of some fantastic
special currency"
Although no official statement
has been issued on the Berlin
meetings, informants said that even
before the conferences began, the
four powers agreed on leaving the
currency field in Berlin to the
Soviet-sponsored mark.
They said the talks are aimed at
setting up some form of four-power
control over the money which would
prevent the Russians from complete
financial domination of the city.
Talks Center on Two Points.
Responsible British sources said
discussions of top level Allied experts
are centering around two main
financial points for the present
They said the Western Allies are
they must exercise control
with the Russians on the volume of
currency to be circulated in Berlin,
as we'll as on the volume of credits
and discount.
They added. however, that the
Russians would have the actual
physical monetary concerns, such as
printing the currency.
Both Rundschau and Neues
Deutschland, organ of the Commu-
mist dominated Socialist Unity Par
ty, devoted long accounts to efforts
OF the Germans to. dump Western
sponsored B-marks. which were in
troduced in West Berlin, after the
Russians reformed their currency.
The panic has increased Rund-
schau said. Long queues stood
before exchange Offices of West Ber-
lin to get rid of their B-marks at
the 1lth hour. In some places there
were near riots when it was an
nounced that the exchange was lin
ted to a maximum of 20 Western
marks against East marks. The
collapse of the B-mark is complete
and cannot be arrested. This is
clear to every one who walked
through the streets Of Western Ber-
i'm last night"
5 Meetings Expected.
Reliable sources predicted the mil
.tary governors would meet at least
five times. They were believed to
have been granted approximately a
week to work out a practical solu-
ton to the Berlin deadlock. Their
recommendations then will go back
20 Moscow negotiators.
Informed sources in the Soviet
capital said whether another meet
ing of the Council of Foreign Min
listers will be held depends on
whether further progress is made in
the negotiations in Berlin and in
Moscow.
The informantS said that if a new
Evening star., 1948-09-03

council session is held. it probably
will be conducted in the same
secrecy which has prevailed at the
four-power Moscow negotiations
over the Gethan crisis.
The senior committee of the Ber-
lin City Council has postponed in
definitely meeting of the council
scheduled for today because of lack
of assurances from Maj. Gen. Alex
ander Kotisov, the city's Soviet COM
mandant, that he would provide the
City Hall protection against Com
munist-led demonstrators.
Last week demonstrators twice
prevented meetings by invading
City Hall in the Soviet sector. Both
times Soviet-controlled East Ber-
liz police stood hv idly.
Evening star., 1948-09-03

DR.. Benes went into exile and
was lecturing at the University OF
Chicago when, a little more than
five months after appeasement, Hit
Ter gobbled up the rest of Czecho-
slovakia
A few months later World Wal
II broke out
Headed Refugee Regime.
DR. BeneS won Allied support for
the refugee government which he
headed during six years of exile
spent mostly in England
On a visit to the United States in
the spring of 1943 he addressed both
houses of Congress.
AS the disintegration of the Reich
got under way, DR.. Benes left Eng
land to set up a government at
kosice (Kassa), second largest city
III the eastern part of Czechoslo-
vakia.
In May, 1945, DR.. Benes made a
dramatic return to Prague.
On his way to his homeland, he
stopped in Russia, with which he
had signed a 20-year mutual assist
ance pact in 1943, and said that the
path of free Czechoslovakia lies
through Moscow and the Soviet
Union
Benes was reelected President of
Czechoslovakia in 1916 by unani-
nous vote of the members of Par
Lament, in which the Communists
had won more seats than any other
party
Son of Peasant Parents.
The man who became one of the
most significant personalities in
European craftsmanship between
wars was slight OF build and quiet of
voice, the son of peasant parents.
The elder statesmen of Europe lis
tened to him, for he knew what
political forces were at work, and his
prophesies came true.
He was shrewd, aggressive and a
born negotiator. For years he
worked Is hours a day He saw
almost everybody who wanted to see
him, He spoke English. German
French, Russian and italian with
equal ease. He became president of
the League of Nations Council and
then of the Assembly.
He was born May %, 1884, at Koz-
lany in Bohemia, the youngest of
10 children. He was brought up on
the family farm. Later he went to
Prague to attend high school and
then Charles University, where he
studied philosophy. In Prague one
of his teachers was Thomas G.. Mas
aryk. .s'e b. } .-r~.
Later DR.. Benes studied in Lon
don and in France, and then re-
turned to Prague to teach.
Opportunity to Free Czechs.
DR.. Benes recognized that World
War offered an historic opportun-
ity to free the Czechoslovak people
from the rule of the Hapsburgs. He
went to see Prof. Masaryk, and
found that his teacher was working
along similar lines.
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Police Respond to Fight
Coll, Hold Bows in Thefts

Police responding to a mistaken
report of a fight" in the Garrison
Toy & Novelty Co. at 1915 E street
NV. today picked up three boys
said to have been pilfering toys and
games from the store counters.
Store employees said the boys, two
of whom were Is and one 10, had
appeared for several days. They
called police today and the report
was garbled in transmission. send
ing the police on a false fight" call
Police said they would turn the boys
over to the juvenile squad for in
vestigation.
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Former President Benes Dies at 64

The partnership they formed
changed the history of Europe. Prof
Masaryk went to Switzerland and
later to the United States. DR..
Benes remained at home and Or
ganized the Czech underground.
In September. 1915, the danger OF
arrest was imminent and DR.. Benes,
with forged passport, escaped to
Switzerland. His wife, a Czech stu
dent to whom he was married in
Paris, had to remain behind and
was imprisoned by the Austrian au-
thoritieS
DR.. Benes went to Paris and in a
comparatively short time and de-
spite his youth-he was in his early
30s--he gained the friendship of
Clemenceau and BRAND. He worked
there for the postwar formation of
a Czechoslovak state, while Prof.
MaSaryk carried on the work in the
United States.
Masaryk First President.
The nation came into existence
October %, 1918, with Prof. Masaryk,
president. Without DR.. Benes,"
said President Masaryk, I'VE never
would have had the republic"
There began new chapter in Dr.
Benes life From 1918 to 1885 he
was Czechoslovakia s foreign minis
ter, laboring for peace for Europe
and for his country.
He built what he called a "temple
of peace based mainly on an al
lance between France and Czecho-
slovakia, buttressed by the League
of Nations.
He was firm supporter of the
League. A little man, careless in
dress, he became noted figure at
League meetings and his flat
brimmed hat. cooked high on his
head was as famous as the voice of
BRAND of France and the slouch of
Lord Cecil of Great Britain.
Seven Times Council President.
He served seven times as president
of the League Council and in Sep
tember, 1885, was elected president
OF the 10th League Assembly. He
resigned that post to take over the
presidency of his country when
President Masaryk. old and i'll, was
forced to resign. A proud achieve
ment of DR.. Benes was an accord
with the Vatican. DR.. Benes was a
Catholic.
His election by the Czechoslovak
Parliament as President was by a
vote of $40 out of total of 44O. The
opposition votes were significant for
they included the votes of repre-
sentatives from the Sudetenland
the Trojan horse inside the Czech
state
His people still quote the last
speech he made to them after the
ordeal of Munich and they say the
prophesy he made then still holds
good. He concluded that speech with
a line from an opera by Smetana
My dear nation will never perish
and will in glory survive all the
terrors of hell"
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Czech Attoche Quits,
To Stoy in Britain
BY the Associoted Press

LONDON. Sept. s. Ladislay
kratky, commercial attache at the
Czechoslovak Embassy, announced
his resignation today. saying L dc
not like the recent political changes
in my country
He applied for permission to stay
in Britain. Many other Czechoslo-
yak diplomats abroad have resigned
since the Communists came into
power. in February.
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Earthquake Recorded

NEW YORK, Sept. (P).-The
Fordham University Seismologist
said today very severe" earth
quake was recorded at 7:55:45 and
1858 o'clock last night about 1900
miles from New York in an unde-
termined direction.
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Churches
Continued From First Page.>

theology at Union Theological
Seminary, New York, reads thus:
The Christian church rejects the
ldeologieS of both Communism and
Capitalism and should seek to draw
men away from the false assumption
that these are the only alternatives y
Mr.. Taft will try to get a special
dispensation to put an amendment
before the assembly which would
change the reading to this:
The Christian churches should
reject the theology of Communism
and t he wholly self-regulatory
laiSsez-faire theory of Capitalism,
and should seek to draw men away
from the false assumption that
these are the only alternatives.
= Mr.. Taft explained, There is no
single theology of capitalism. 1t
differs tremendously in different
countries. That was not a happy
phrase"
He said the committees report
was a combination job Incorporate
ing the ideas of some so persons.
DR.. Bennett and DR.. Reinhold
Niebuhr. also a professor at the
Union Theological Seminary in New
York. represents the left-Wing view-
point. Mr.. Taft represents the capi-
talist viewpoint. He goes along with
the others, however, on the idea
that Christians should seek new
creative solutions" which are neith-
er Communist nor Capitalist.
In private interview with DR.
Bennett, who is secretary of the
Drafting Committee. this writer
asked what was meant.
There can be no hard and fast
Christian economic system" he re-
piled. but the closest thing to
what we have in mind is the demo-
cratic socialism of England"
Can Associated Press dispatch
quoted DR.. Bennett as saying
there would be no "toning down"
of the pronouncement.l
Others on Committee.
Besides the three Americans-Mr
Taft, DR.. Bennett and DR.. Niebuhr-
the Drafting Committee included
DR.. Constantijn I. Patyn of Hol-
land, as chairman: Sir Walter
Moberly, a Church of England law
man from London: DR.. Vigo Auguste
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Only 81 Of 10 Flyers
Qualify in ; Days for
Cleveland Air Races
BY the Associoted Press

| CLEVELAND, Sept. 3.-Racing
pilots got their last chance to quail
fly for National Air Races events
today. Only 81 of a possible TO
speed flyers qualified during the
three days set aside for that pur-
pose.
Race officials had planned to for
bid qualifying today and to impound
all entries. However. considerable
military activity at Municipal Air
port yesterday morning virtually
precluded qualifying flights and a
day OF grace was granted.
| Among the qualifers were 20 fol
the Goodyear Race for midget,s, lC
for the Thompson and one which
failed to meet the Thompson mini
mum of 325 miles an hour. There
will be only 10 starters in the
Thompson this year instead of the
customary II.
Test Run Planned.
A dozen or more planes may make
! qualifying flights before the timers
close shop.
! Maj. Richard L. johnson, test
pilot for the Air Material Command
at Wright-Patterson Airbase, Day.
ton. Ohio, was scheduled for a full
dress rehearsal of his attempt to-
morrow to raise the 650-mile-an-
hour speed record
He took off IN the F-86 shortly
after II m. for trial run over the
3-kllometer 186 miles, course, but
Was unable to raise his left wheel.
After about 10 minutes effort to get
the wheel up, ne landed and TAXED
back to the hangar, where the plane
Is being kept under guard.
Maj. johnson flew in Yesterday
from Dayton with his North Ameri-
can F-86 SWept-Wing fighter, cover
Ing the l65 miles in 20 minutes
He made one blazing pass of at
least $40 miles an hour. then parked
the fighter under guard in a COM
merclal hangar He will shoot for
the record with his plane in full
combat condition-the first time in
history that production model
fighting plane has been used in a
record try.
Jet to Fly TO Cleveland.
The best time reported yester-
day was 1888 miles an hour made
by A. l.. Johnson of Miami Springs.
Fla, in an F-5l Mustang. 1t rated
as the fourth best time thus far.
The leader is Charles E. Brown of
indianapolis, with ABB miles an
hour in souped-up F-39 Aira-
cobra.
Today. an American who has flown
faster than the speed of sound
Capt. James T. Fitz-Gerald-Will fly
TO Cleveland from Los Angeles in a
Lockheed TF-80 jet trainer, two
seated job.
His speed will be checked infor-
mally by the National Aeronautical
Association. The best time for that
run is little over four hours, set
IN The jet division of the Bendix race
last year.
Evening star., 1948-09-03

Demant of London, canon of St
Paul's Cathedral; George Job OF
India, Dietze of Germany, Deme-
trios Moraitis, Church of Greece
layman from Athens, and Hun
garian whose name is being kept
secret for security reasons.
Dr. Bennett said there had not
been a single conservative speech
against the committees denuncia-
tion of both Communism and Capt.
talism, and encouragement of So
cialism, either in the drafting COM
mittee or on the floor of the as
sembly.
There had been several critics. he
said, who declared the committee
had not gone far enough in attack
ing Capitalism and had not said
enough about Christian Commu-
nlsts. The French delegation submit
ted an amendment in effect brand
ing Capitalism as slavery, but this
was rejected
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Draft
Continued From First Page

register, finishing on Tuesday, after
the Labor Day week end. The rs
year-olds started registering Mon
day. The 18-year- -olds-Wllo won't
be eligible for service until they
turn 1e-Will wind it up on Sep
tember 13
The Army's second draft call
for December and expected to be for
another l0000-will come soon. After
the first of the year monthly quotas
will be around 10000
Men will be drafted for 21-month
periods of service in the Army. The
Navy and Air Force do not antici-
pate drafting any men since they
are getting sufficient volunteers.
Evening star., 1948-09-03

proach to the Jews" comes before
| the World Council for action today.
The committee which drafted the
report was headed by the Right
Rev. Angus Dun, Protestant Episco-
pal Bishop of Washington, a dele
gate to the World Council.
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Hot Shoppe
Maearoons
soc dox.
LOST

LOST.
DOG, brown and white, male mixed breed
terrier, answers 10 Upper Brightwood
VIC no tag on at time Reward GE.
= ~ =
ENGLISH SETTER, female; Aug -: white.
orange licked; reward. Phone Clinton
5S9W@. So
ENVELOPE, brown, 4x5 inches; contain
ing about 20 neeauyeS; bet. l3th and
n. Y. ave. and l2th and Pa. ave. NV,
Mondsy reward EX. 30e1 d
FOX TERRIER. white with black spots,
male. vicinity Of Dupont, Circle, Tuesday
FRATERNITY PIN. Phi Sigma Kappa
vicinity OF Greyhound Bus Station; liberal
KEYS, large bunches Wednesday, aft
s. NV. Liberia reward. Call WA. 1896
KITTEN, Persian. gray and white, lost
vicinity Haywood Gardens. Call uN. 3.6s
KITTEN. male; all white: Sunday night
or Monday: VIC. Navy Annex. Arlington
reward. OW. @45o. =
NOTEBOOK, name OF CaStelberg on out
side envelope, with a Ronson lighter: en-
Velope with ladys diamond weddinG
ring and eentleman,S wd. tg.. lost in tn
Plaza sport store. 10th and SITS. NV.
liberal reward. Room 3o@, 5!7 9th ST NV
Ma. o36S. q
PURSE, patent leather, containing lady
small GrueH wrist watch; cor. Randolph
and N. H. ave NV. Reward. MA. 3s13
RING, mans. sold with oval intaglio stone
with silhouette OF Dante, believed los
cor Conn. and K. Reward. EX. 1897
Evening star., 1948-09-03
LOST

RINGS. .. gold wedding band and Jade
eneagement ring; lost in Senate Once
Bnildins. Liberal reward. NO. 2la3 or
TR 1855 -
SORORITY PIN. with 3 Greek letters "A
\. A. initials H E. S" Reward. CO.
WALLET, brown. with identification. in
vicinity Of New York ave and North Can't
to' Reward. 81 1899 after & pm >
WATCH. lapel gold. initials E M c. from
J. P. G., 1912. CO. aS0O. Ext. SIG
Reward. =
WATCH FOB. gold, with fraternity key
attached, initials A. D. T. Substantial
reward. RE. $3.50. to >. s
WEEKEND CASE. red. imitation lizard
e. J. OF; Friday; on Rt. No. l, near
Stshoro-Trisng!e Va; valued only as
sns-S: Star. or phone 81. 1879. B
Evening star., 1948-09-03
Berlin

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1948-09-03
FOUND.

GOLF CLUBS AND BAG, found near
Largo rd,. Sunday afternoon. Call HI
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-09-03
Labor Day Statement
BY WALTER P. REUTHER,
UAW,CIO President

TALk about labor unity part the
turning leaves and bonres this year talk
will genuine conviction that the unity
rhetoric to stage where action imperative possible
Amercans of the labor distressed
by the feeling that events out of control that the world
stumbling and slipping into another cycle depression
At home Cogress that could frame the Taft Hartley
people check initiation. And falter
give confident consistently progressive leadership
to world democracy
Nothing would do more to pull of state
of anxiety and uncertainty than the coming together the
segments of American labor united
and political action mighty union the energies
organized workers the United States
designed to avoid depression and build
society would turn the tide against domestic reaction ns
confidence in the free peoples abroad
All the economc and political compusionS the world
out for this unity The American Federation
Congress of Industrial Organizations cooperating
support of the European Recovery Program limited
labor is working reality communities Throughout
determined raising of sights
national labor unity before another Labor Day.
All that stands between this bright compelling
event is the natural reluctance institutions
the molds of the and tinker with
present But the time organized
labor is people, machinery
fight the battles of the with preconcepons
other time.
In the A. F. of L. in the 1 o. in the Railroad Brother
hoods and the independents
leaders committing themselves this my own
sincere belief that American labor
the eminent value of unity and that the time putting
that learning into practical