davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-10-31
Church to Serve Meals

Members of the Salem Methodist
Church, Brookeville, Md, will serve
meals throughout the afternoon and
evening of election day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Mason Backed 1907
BY Senate Committee

The nomination of Guy Mason to
succeed himself as District Commits
sioner was unanimously approved
by the Senate District Committee
today and may be officially reported
to the Senate this afternoon.
Opposition came from local units
of the Congress Of Industrial Organ
izations, the Washington League OF
Women Shoppers and the Southern
Conference for Human Welfare.
Citizens associations turned out
in force to support the Commits
sioners. Their spokesman paid high
tribute to him. --
Joining the citizens in support OF
Mr.. Mason were the Washington
Central Labor Union and some tax
payers speaking for themselves.
Chairman Buck of the Senate Dis
trict Committee announced that the
vote. taken in executive session, was
unanimous. Those voting included
Senators Buck Of Delaware and
Capper of Kansas, Republicans, and
these Democrats: Senators Johns
ton. South Carolina; Holland,
Florida; Sparknan, Alabama; Nc
Grath, Rhode Island, and StennH'
Mississippi.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Sunday Reading

If labor has it's way, the next
President and the next Con-
gress will be "union-made."
Angered by the Taft-Hartley
law and the men who approved
it, organized labor promises to
cast a heavy election vote this
year to reward its friends and
punish it's enemies. In Sum-
days Editorial Section, Ray
mond P. Brandt delves into
the financial preparations the
unions are making for their
march on the polls.
In the same section an Asso-
ciated Press survey shows how
Americas relations with Rus
STA have cooled by degrees
until there are now at least 10
major points of disagreement
between the two powers.
The ever-colorful Pictorial
Magazine features prize win
ners in the Army Ground
Forces photo contest, along
with a set of clever caricatures
of presidential possibilities.
The usual special coyerage Is
given the new books, sports,
art, society, music, photogra-
ply, amusements, etc. All OF
this supplements the regular
thorough and accurate news
content of
Thr 6unhay Star
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Business and Labor
Spokesmen Indorse
Marshall Plan Aims
Calder of NAM, Green
Of ALL Suggest Bill
Changes, However
By J. A. O'Leor

Spokesman for business and
labor Endorsed the detectives of
the Marshall Plan before the
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee today.
Curtis E. Calder, director of the
National Association of Manufac-
turers, and William Green, presi-
dent of the American Federation of
Labor, pictured economic recovery
Of Europe as important to the fu-
ture peace and prosperity of the
United States.
Both organizations suggested
changes in the method of admins
tering the program, but did not at
tempt to say precisely how much
should be appropriated at the start.
The administration has asked for
$6,80O,000, 900 for the first Is months.
Mr.. Green revealed that the AFL
is sponsoring conference within
few weeks of the free democratic
trade unions in the is Marshall
Plan nations to let them know
what we are trying to do" and to
warn them of what they stand to
lose if communism takes over.
Stipulations Are Asked.
The industry and labor spokes-
men each asked for stipulations to
protect the interests of their re-
spective groups.
For example: Mr.. Calder urged
that one condition should require
the recipient countries to accord
American business concerns within
their borders 40 least equal treat
ment with native corporations with
respect to police perfection, access
to courts and taxation.
Mr.. Green proposed that the ad-
ministrator of the recovery program
have an advisory board including
in it's membership representatives
of industry, labor and the farmer.
He also urged that American ship
ping be used to transport aid to
Europe to protect the livelihood Of
American seamen.
Discussing the general merits of
the Marshall Plan, Mr.. Green de-
nounced the efforts of Communists
to take over free governments and
to dominate organized labor in
Western Europe.
I'VE cannot stand by and watch
the lights of freedom 60 out in those
lands from which many of our fore
fathers came" the labor leader de-
clared
Earlier Mr.. Green said, 1--WE realize
the Communists are carrying on an
undeclared war against democracy
"a war in which appeasement or
neutrality means defeat for democ-
racy, a"
Many Witnesses Waiting.
Chairman Vandenberg announced
today all applications to testify
must be received by noon Monday.
There is said to be a long list of
witnesses already remaining to be
~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23

A new cold wave moving into
Washington in the wake of a
dry, powder like snow which
made driving treacherous today,
will drop the mercury to 10 de-
grees tonight new low for the
winter, the Weather Bureau
predicted. Zero was forecast
for the suburbs.
The snow, which began at 11:15
o'clock last night, was, packed hard
on both highways and city streets by
this morning, holding trafic to 9
crawl and casuing q number Of
minor accidents There was Hight
uiidercoating OF lee In some places
that added to the hazard. The si1OW
stopped falling at about $3.50 am
reaching a depth Of only 6 of an
inch in the city. r
Police and weather experts, how
ever, warned that streets will con-
tinue to be dangerous today and
probably tomorrow. Skies will. be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23

Dear Mr.. Finder:
Your letter and editorial have
been on my desk for more than
a week while I pondered the re-
ply merited by your obvious con-
Germ for the Nations welfare, and
from a personal standpoint, by
the honor you had done me.
Months ago I thought that I'M
qualified denial of political am
bition would eliminate me from
consideration in the coming CAM
paign for the Presidency, because
that Office has, since the days of
Washington, historically and
properly fallen only to aspirants.
That some few would misinter-
pref or look for hidden meanings
in my past expressions was ex-
pected and discounted, but my
failure to convince thoughtful
and earnest men, such as your
self, proves that I must make
some amplification. This will nee
essarily partake of the laborious,
due to the completely of the
factors that have Influenced me
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
New Low of 10 Due Tonight;
Snow Slows Traffic to Crawl
Drop TO Zero Forecast for Suburbs;
Wave of Minor Accidents Reported

clear by this afternoon, but the tenn
perature is expected to reach only
the mid 20's.
Police reported 80 accidents due
to icy streets between am. and
noon today, most of them minor.
Only six of the mishaps were re-
ported between 5 ana 8 am, with
the others occurring after the
work-bound traffic accelerated.
Union Station and National Air
port officials said that rail and air
traffic was operating on schedule.
The 10-degree low tonight Is ex-
pected to be followed by tempera-
lures in the lower 20's tomorrow
Tomorrow night, forecasters said
Will be very cold, !" and there Is lis
relief In sight later in the week end
The winters previous low tempera-
lures, Is degrees, were set Monday
and last Thursday.
William 81 A. Xanten, superin.
Itendent Of sanitation, said sanding
crews were on the streets at $50
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Not Available for Nomination
To Presidency and Could Not
Accept Eisenhower Announces
Text of Eisenhower letter

to say no more than I have, but
which dictate my decision that
I am not available for and could
not accept nomination to high
political Office.
I have heretofore refrained
from making the bald statement
that I would not accept nomina-
ton, although this has been my
intention since the subject was
first mentioned to me.
This omission seems to have
been a mistake, since it has in
advertently misled sincere and
diSinterested Americans. But my
reticence stemmed from cogent
reasons. The first was that such
an expression would smack of
effrontery. I had and I have no
desire to appear either as assum-
ing that significant numbers Of
our peoples would actively in
terest themselves in me as a
possible candidate, or to appear
as lacking in respect and regard
for the highest honor American
citizens can confer upon one OF
their own body.
A second and even deeper reaso
was a persistent doubt that coul
ISee EISENHOWER TEXT. Pig. AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Italy and France Voice
Warm Approval of Plan

LONDON, Jan. % up. - Foreign
Secretary Bevin's proposal for a
consolidation of Western European
countries to stem Communist ex-
pansion found quick and warm sup
port today in the French and
Italian governments.
Leaders in Belgium, Holland and
Luxembourg spoke cautiously but
favorably of the British diplomatic
move. Comment in Scandinavian
newspapers pointed up the reluc-
lance of Russian neighbors to COM
NIT themselves to an outright
cleavage between the east and west.
Government sources in tradition
ally neutral Switzerland were not
enthusiastic about joining what one
official described as bloc.
France had joined Great Britain
in approaching the Benelux Gus
toms combine of Belgium, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Clark Chooses Appoinfee
To Succeed MargoId

Attorney General Clark has de-
cided on an appointee to succeed
the late Municipal Court Justice
Nathan Margold, and will send the
name to President Truman today
or tomorrow for approval, he said
after today's cabinet meeting.
The Attorney General refused to
indicate the identity of his choice,
which the President may accept or
reject, as he sees fit.
The District Bar Association made
several recommendations for the
post to the Attorney General.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Late News,
Bulletins
Witness Arrest Ordered

Mrs. Mary Thompson, 1744
@ street NV, who appeared
today as a defense witness in
trial of Attorney James Laugh
lin and DIR. Henry L. Peckham,
jr., was ordered taken into
custody by Chief Justice
BoIitha J. Laws of District
Court, who said he would in
struct the District attorneys
office to cite her for contempt.
Justice Laws said he was in
formed she had tried to avoid
being served with a subpoena
last night and that it was nee
essary to send for her today.
Earlier Story on Page B-1.)
Senate Votes Grain Curb
Legislation continuing
through February 20 the Agri-
culture Departments author
ity to restrict use of grain in
liquor was passed by the
Senate today and sent to the
House. The authority now Is
scheduled to expire January 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Box Containing $1,000
Stolen From Residence Here

A metal box with $4,000 in bills
locked in it was stolen from the
home OF Roy L. Mcdonald, Is L
street NE, he reported to police
today.
The thieves, who entered the
dwelling by jirnmying the frontdoor,
also took large amount of clothing.
Marjorie F. Stein, 6033 Twenty
second street, North, Arlington, told
police she laid her purse on chair
while in the suit department OF a
downtown department store, and
when she looked for it it was gone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Churchill Calls
ofShowdown
Soon Will, Reds
Supports Bevin's Plan
For Western Europe
To Unite in Stand
By the Associated Press

LONDON, Jan. 23.-Winston
Churchill told the House of
Commons that Western Europe
must unite quickly and demand
a showdown with the Soviet
Union before the Russians de-
velop atomic weapons, possibly
in a year or so.
Even an early showdown would
not guarantee that war would not
come" Mr.. Churchill said, but:
"I believe it would give the best
chance of preventing it and, if it
came, we would have the best
chance of coming out of it alive.
II believe the best chance of pre-
venting war is to bring matters to a
head and come to settlement with
the Soviet government before it is
too late
you may be sure the present stu
alton cannot last. There are very
grave dangers in letting everything
run on and pile up until something
happens and the matter passes all
of sudden out of your control"
a dhs Uo ~ toss;nn aTo;ys Seho t.
:p:.;Atns a.+ausan -, Eora;.n c.
..no %. ooI 80; Ss ;rSors.d 49, rahor
r 800 49, 49, rronosoI for un;f3ca-
49, - 1Irastar,, T,,ro,,e &c. horr;er
" e.'. 49, ~ ,,ro"S - oa,,. ,,,,,ois,, mt
w '.te s ~ 1.n,;tiaa1 ,o,,oN
nc aplsa. 20 " ,a ' -, -, ,os psr
; i.vnt a. ~ ,i i,1e e goa " 49,
nl ar. .'. 800, To- :. ., ,,,,+ad Social,
IT, r'1rn,.e e " uo,, orc On ~ sone
i ,ov az t,,,, 10 - ,ers ,,nitad
Communist Europe"
Recalls Prediction. =
Chances for reachina an agree
mer,t with Russia are better nov
than elf we waited until the Soviet
government had got their atomic
weapons deyeloped," he said. ~
Mr. Churchill recalled that when
the nresent Parliament convened he
nredicted Russia would have the
atom bomb in "three or four wears. -
Now two wears have already
.elansed
Mr. Churchill appeared fully re-
covered from his recent illness. He
spoke As minutes in a firm, clear
voice and his sallies kept the house
alert
Tn urging q common annroach ia
R3,ssia Mr. Churchill said the west
ern dernocraeies should seek unity
amono themselves "at the earliest
nossible moment then take the
initiative in seeking a settlement on
1reafistic terms
|
Deterioration seen.
Mr.. Churchill read portions Of a
speech he made IS months ago in
which he said everybody was worried
whether there would be another
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
$4,000 for 6aI|inger
Psyehopathic Division
Sought by Truman
Rutland Makes Public
Progress Report on
Improving Facilities
SUPPLEMENTAL appropriations
requests for other District De-
partments ----P Page B-1

A presidential request for $54,-
900 to improve facilities in Gal
linger Hospitals psychopathic
division was before Congress to-
day, as a progress report" on
the much criticized division was
made public by Health Officer
George C. Rutland.
The request for the psychopathic
division was included in the Presi-
dents estimates for supplemental
appropriations. The $4,000 would
provide three elevators for the psy-
copathic wards and would revise
the heating system in the wards for
the most disturbed patients to
make the seclusion rooms disable.
Although psychiatrists have urged
secluding mental patients instead Of
strapping them to their beds, the
seclusion rooms in the psyche
pathic division have not been used
because of the hazards created by
exposed radiators. The proposed
budget item would provide funds to
install forced air vents instead OF
radiators.
The supplemental appropriation
request follows q series of articles
in The Star terming the psyche
pathic division "a disgrace to WASH
sington" and calling attention to
such practices as the manacling OF
patients and the necessity OF hauling
stretcher patients up two flights OF
stairs for lack of disable elevators.
The progress report, which was
forwarded to the Commissioners to-
day by Health Officer George G.
Rutland, was prepared by Gallingel
Supt. A. r. Sweeney as a comment
on the findings of DR.. Samuel B
| Wortis, director of psychiatry al
New York's Bellevue Hospital, who
| --IC~- q Ar Z IAIGElI1 Pano Ed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
U. 5. Heartily Backs
Bevin' S Formation Of
Western Europe Bloc
State Department Links
Move to Efforts for
"A Firm Peace

The United States today
heartily" welcomed the move
for formation of a Western Eu-
ropean bloc to combate Russian
expansionism, announced yes
terday by British Foreign Min
lister Bevin.
This Governments reaction to
the Bevin announcement came in
formal statement by the State
Department, which linked the move
to efforts to build "a firm peace"
The statement was issued after
Lord Inverchapel, British Ambassa-
dor here, had conferred with Under
secretary of State Lovett at the
White House.
"Mr. Bevin," the State Depart
ment said, "has proposed measures
which will enable the free countries
of Western Europe to concert with
one another for their common safe
ty and good.
Initiative Welcomed.
"As in the case of the recovery
program, the United States heartily
welcomes European initiative in this
respect and any proposal looking to
a closer material and spiritual link
between the Western European ma
lions will serve to reinforce the
efforts which our two countries have
been making to lay the foundation
for a firm peace"
Michael j! McDermott, State De-
partment press officer, released the
statement to reporters and refused
to make any further comment.
When asked whether the United
States had been consulted in ad-
vance on Mr.. Bevin's announce
ment, Mr.. McDermott said he could
not answer that question.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Angry Bayarians Mob
U. 5. Military Trains
In Hunger Strike
Shopkeepers and Artisans
Unaffected by WoIkout
Demand Transportation
Blythe Associated Press

MUNICH, Germany, Jan. 23.-
Hundreds of angry German
commuters mobbed American
military trains in Munich today
as a 24-hour hunger" strike by
/ an estimated million Bavarian
workers paralyzed most Of
Southern Germany.
Crowds of small shopkeepers and
artisans unaffected by the industrial
walkout in 26 major cities and scores
of smaller towns swarmed around
suburban trains running for mill
tary personnel only.
Reports from suburban areas of
the Bavarian capital said these
commuters, trying to get to work,
threatened conductors on the mill
tary trains and shouted angrily:
1--WE want to work. These we'll
fed Americans do not have to strike.
They can use trains to 60 to work. +"
Emergency Trains Put On.
Railroad authorities finally or
dered emergency trains put on for
suburban traffic.
North of strike-bou Bavaria,
where hundreds of plants closed
down over a 30,054-square-mile area
and government workers in many
cities failed to report for work,
thousands of travellers were stranded
in the stations.
All express trains to Bavaria were
cancelled and in Bavaria itself rail
communications were generally fro
zen although in some areas local
trains kept up a partial schedule.
In Passau strikers threatened to
smash windows of stores that re-
NAMED open and all shops finally
closed.
There was no river traffic on the
Danube. Employees of some Ba-
varian newspapers went on strike
In Coburg, Hof, Munich and
Nuremberg demonstrations were
scheduled at various times during
the tn. -. day yo,, In most eitis workers
| Largest Strike Since War.
The strike started at midnight
Indications in many areas were that
it would continue through tomor-
row and Sunday. 1t was the largest
mass labor walkout in Germany
since the war.
No violence was reported by early
afternoon in any major cities-Mu-
mich, Nuremberg, Wuerzburg, Augs-
burg, Passau, Coburg or Hof. Strik-
ers occasionally were rough with
small stores which stayed open in
two areas, but generally the Ba-
varians used the strike as day OF
rest.
Some 5000 Munich wc.kers dem
onstrated here in Adolf Hitler's ole
parade grounds, marching with
red banners demanding Liberty.
American military government OBJ
| (See GERMANY. Page A-60
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23

and by that time precaSt concrete
slabs will be ready for the floor
base, Mr.. Marten said.
The Presidents controversial ad-
dition will be 10 by so feet, with a
tile floor and wrought iron railing.
The undersurface will be plastered
to conform with the general ap-
pearance of the White House.
Mr.. Martell said no particularly
difficult engineering problems will
be met in constructing the unit and
that shifts of about six workmen
viii be used. Wood scaffolding will
be erected, but there is no likeli-
hood that the building will be
marred by the work, he said.
The balcony will be 20 feet of
the ground. Mr.. Martell said 1t
would cost roughly $4,000, a figure
(See BALCONY, Page A-5)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23


Construction of steel framework
for President Truman'S White House
balcony will begin early next week
and the entire job will require four
or five weeks, F. H. Martell, con-
tractor, said today.
The work will go ahead despite
resolution adopted last night by a
joint meeting of the baltimore and
Washington Metropolitan Chapters
of the American Institute of Archi-
tects scoring the Presidents refusal
to heed opposition OF the Fine Arts
Commission.
Workmen will be about two weeks
building the framework for the cir
cular balcony over the south portico
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Rotation Plan Gives
kenWide Experience,
Murphy Tells Board
Lectures Nearly on Hour
In Defense of System;
Other Officers to Testify
By NewboId Moves, Jr.

Fire Chief Clement Murphy to-
day explained to the three-man
civilian trial board hearing the
decentralization" case against
him his ideal of lone fire de-
partment" of the District of CO.
lumbia. -,s.a,.
For nearly an hour, without inter
ruption by counsel, the chief lee
tured the court on the thscry behind
his system Of rotational personnel
transfers, which the prosecution
charges is responsible for a lowering
of Fire Department morale and
efficiency.
This charge has been described
by Austin F. Garfield, trial board
chairman, as the "crux" of the case
against Chief Murphy.
Testifying in his own defense, the
chief illustrated his talk with black
board diagrams, showing that Fire
Department operation always has
called for the frequent shifting of
men and companies throughout the
city. Until the rotation system was
established, he said, entire COM
panies frequently were moved in
emergencies to areas of which no
member of the unit had any knowl-
edge.
Experience Aim, He Says.
The rotation system, he said, was
designed to provide for the orderly
circulation Of personnel through all
parts Of the city, giving them wide
experience in different localities,
with all types of equipment.
SIT is my hope-and it's not too
difficult-that someday all our fire.
men will know the entire District.
When they do, the city will be safer.
The Fire Department must be fluid, y
Chief Murphy said.
Criticism of the system by mem
bers of the department, which has
been a feature Of the Murphy trial,
resulted from the inability Of some
officers to think beyond the limits OF
their particular units, the chief said,
adding:
They did not and do not think
of the department as a whole. It Is
really one big company"
Questioned About Requests.
In cross discrimination, Daniel B
Maher, special assistant corporation
counsel, asked Chief Murphy if 1t
was in accordance with regulations
for him to make transfers without
request from the persons concerned
or a recommendation from Their
superior officers. Chief Murphy
said it was.
WED have a Communist Fire
Department If we only permitted
the men to transfer themselves
and I wouldn't be around here,
Chief Murphy said. t
Then, for the rest of the morning
he explained each individual trans
fer about which Mr.. Maher asked
the reasons why the shift had beer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23

The Browne Junior High
School arent-Teacher Asso-
citation today filed suit in
District Court asking that the
Board of Education and School
Supt. Hobart M. Corning be
enjoined from "violating the
law by assigning to elementary
schools Negro pupils" from the
Browne School. The suit was
filed in behalf of two students
by their parents, members of
the PTA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
$500, 900 Hotel Burns

L ST. MARGUERITE STATION,
Quebec, Jan. % tP.-Fire today de-
stroyed the new $500, 900 Roney Ter
race Hotel in this Laurentian VII
laee 60 miles north Of Montreal,
causing IS persons to fee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23
Truin Crosh Injuries 80

LONDON, Jan. % P.-A COM
muters' train crashed into the rear
of an empty train at London Bridge
Station today, killing two tralnmen
and a passenger. Thirty were In
iured. The cause Of the accident
was undetermined.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-23

The tert of Gen. EisenhoUer's
letter to Leonard v. Finder fol-
lotDs..