davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-03-31
Who Would Be FooIinq Whom?

Senator Knowlands warning to the
Senate against the dangers of under
estimating the intelligence of Mr.. Stain
and his Politburo staff is timely and to
the point He cautioned his colleagues
particularly against falling for the idea
that we can deceive the Russians with
blueprint" armies or by standby" draft
OF the type that has been advocated In
some congressional quarters.
1--WE are dealing with a group of cold,
calculating, ruthless and practical men
In the Kremlin," the California Republi-
can said on the floor. "The Russians are
not going to be deceived in my opinion,
by mere registration of manpower We
may fool our own people by such q course,
but we are not going to fool the Poutburo"
1t should be obvious to any clear
thinking person by now that Russia does
not scare easily. Diplomatic protests or
bluntly worded Representations" have
little or no meaning at Moscow unless
backed up by tangible show of military
force If, after the very very serious"
picture Of the situation given by the
President and his advisers recently,
America were to respond with compromise
half measures instead of forthrightly
facing up to the Russian threat, the
gesture would be interpreted as a sign of
American weakness rather than strength.
And this is no time to be putting on an
exhibition Of national weakness
Nor should Congress underestimate the
discernment Of the American people It
is not likely that any considerable number
OF citizens would be deceived into thinking
that registration Of manpower, without
concurrent induction power. would meet
the urgent requirements of national
security today. standby" draft pro-
gram would provide nothing more than
an unframed paper army, not the men
needed Immediately to build up our Army,
Navy and Air Force to minimum peace
time strength. Senator Knowland stated
the case succinctly when he said: There
Is but one thing that will permeate the
Kremlin mind. That is to put this
Nations defenses in top-fiight order now
not next week, not next year."
Evening star., 1948-03-31
For a Fair Heurinq

1t ID not unreasonable to suppose that
the attorneys for DR.. Edward U. Condor,
director OF the Bureau Of Standards, were
mindful Of the special interests Of their
client when they asked the House Com
mittee on Un-American Activities to revise
It's rules of procedure during the hearing
on the complaint against DR.. Condor three
weeks hence. Even II this be 30, however,
there Ii substantial merit to the larger
ground on which they rested their appeal.
Counsel for DR.. Condon-the law Arm
of Arnold, Fortas and Porter-urged that
the physicist be given the right-to present
his own witnesses, the right to cross
examine witnesses and the right to be
notified in advance of any new charges
against him.
Ordinarily congressional committees do
not grant these rights to persons appear
ing before them, but committee has the
discretionary power to grant them If 1t
wishe& to do 50. There are compelling
reasons why 1t should be done in this
case.
DR.. Condon's lawyers point out, and they
are right about 1t, that the interests of
the country will suffer II scientists in
public service are frst to be smeared by
unsupported public accusations and then
denied the privilege of hearing that Is
procedurally fair. Not many scientists
would put up with such treatment for very
long.
In this instance the committee may
have ereditable evidence against DR..
Condor. But It's handling Of the case
to date has not been calculated to inspire
public confidence.
The committee began by publicly ac-
cusing DR.. Condor of being "ths weakest
link in our atomic security chain without
giving him any opportunity to be heard
in self-defense. In doing this, 1t did not
disclose the fact that DR.. Condor had
been given q clean bill of health by the
Department of Commerce Loyalty Board.
Furthermore, the committee tried to
bolster its accusation by giving out an
inaccurate and distorted picture of a
report of an FBI investigation of DR..
Condor.
These reasons, taken with the further
consideration that DR.. Condor went into
Government service at a personal sacri-
nee, require, as matter of common
decency and as matter of national
interest, that he be given the fairest
possible hearing. This can be done by
adopting the suggestions of his counsel,
and If 1t is not done the committee should
not expect the public to have confidence
In or respect for its findings.
Evening star., 1948-03-31
Mr.. Forrestul's 'BIueprint'

The policy and procedural blueprint"
Just made public by Defense Secretary
Forrestal constitutes another important
step toward q genuine integration of the
armed services. Based on agreements
reached during his recent Key West con-
ference with the Joint Chiefs Of STAFF, the
blueprint" does not pretend to be an an
swer to everything, but 1t is dehnitive
enough to make clear to the Army, Navy
and Air Force the general scope and limi-
tation of their respective roles within the
National Military Establishment.
Thus, each service now has had defined
for it It's primary" and collateral" func-
tions and duties. But there Is no hard
and-fast rule dividing one sphere of opera
tions from another. On the contrary, as
circumstances may require. or as the Chiefs
of STAFF may decide, all three-in sup
plementing sense-may at times operate
within each others special province. Mr.
Forrestal's blueprint" does away with
numerous past doubts along this line, and
the net effect of the clarihcation should be
twofold: Cd 1t should diminish interserv-
Ice souabbling, (2) 1t should increase
efficiency and step up progress toward real
coordination.
The most important single controversy
affected by the new definitions is the one
that has existed between the Air Force
and the Navy oyer the role to be played BY
the projected s0000-ton carrier. The
dispute has been settled-for the time be-
ing at least-by agreement on the follow
Evening star., 1948-03-31

sus v HFsT his Of ; s s:..: IN . +. sSo
.T rom K: sns s Ss' in a0d'n not
70 the Editor Of The Star:
have met Jim again. had heard nothing
Of him since 1913. The town had Just been
occupied by American troops, and T was
wandering, enjoying the strange sensation Of
freedom. Over with service, over with teld-
oendcrmerie, over with bombardments!
Suddenly jeep stopped near me and an
angry American sergeant shouted "You Have
you seen Jim?"
"Never heard of him! Who is Jima"
"One Of my dead soldiers. left him. dead,
in the post office two hours ago and now he
is gone," and the sergeant drove away.
That was about five years ago.
Well, have found Jim. He is here in the
American Military Cemetery at Mirandola,
together with 1900 other comrades, all of them
perfectly aligned under plain white crosses.
and here and there. the six-pointed star for
the Jews. guess they are the most forgotten
dead In Italy Who remembers that Americans
died, too. in this war?
People say The United States, caro- nsio, the
United States won the war with their tanks
and their airplanes with their money ths
States won the war"
VINO SLul remembers tf1aG INSIDE the TANKS
and the bombers there was Jim the American
boy. well equipped, we'll fed, carrying in his
pocket the letter from his girl, mailed eight
days before In Ofio7 But he also died, like
the others. Now they are all here, those who
died from the Gothic Line to the Alps.
1t is = cemetery that gives you the impress
sion OF hne, healthy set Of teeth opened
in . smile = truly hygienic cemetery. 1t
could be nothing but American. No rhetoric,
not thing to remind you Of the blood, dust
and sweat Of the battlefield You cannot fnd
here either half-naked victories with I'M
folded or mutilated wings, nor unexploded
hand -grenades at the entrance. At one side
little sentry house looks like = weekend
cottage; and the crosses are set on the grassy
plain with no swellings that might make you
think of buried bodies What is not the green
of grass is q candid sterilized white. And
the flag too. Old Glory, on dts fagpole, does
not crackle in the wind, but hangs still up
there, looking at the boys that sleep.
Jim and His Comrades Are Here
I came by bicycle and at the gats did
not know where to leave 1t for fear OF soiling
the approaches, They have painted white
Evening star., 1948-03-31
MethodicoIIy Mad

The State Department has spoken out
With proper bluntness in its note rejecting
the Soviet Unions protest against Anglo
French-American moves to unity Western
Germany and integrate its economy with
the European Recovery Program. The
moves have been made imperative by the
Kremlins systematic violations OF the
Potsdam Agreement - violations aimed
solely at creating and prolonging chaotic
conditions conducive to the further spread
OF Red totalitarianism.
With characteristic brazenness, however,
the Kremlin has sought to accuse the
Western powers Of the very thing that
it alone is guilty of. France, Britain and
the United States ara ready and willing
to treat Germany as an economic unit in
keeping with the Potsdam Agreement.
But the Soviet Union 10 not. On the
contrary, n the State Departments note
makes clear, 1t has paralyzed every effort
to end the terrible abnormality of splitting
up the economy of the country into four
separate parts, with an iron curtain be-
tween the Red zone and the three others.
The result Of this has been not merely
10 COuVeIt ScIHlAuy intO QOUFIlOuSe DuL
to penali5e Western Europe, whose own
revitalization depends largely on the re-
vitalization of the German economy The
Russians, OF course, have been playing
their deadly obstructionist role with the
objective in mind Of encouraging chaos in
order to extend their dominance west
ward. Moreover, working through their
Communist stooges and throwing dissent
ing Germans into concentration camps
once used by Hitler, they have already
gone far toward converting their zone
into a totalitarian province of the Soviet
empire.
All this obviously constitutes the crudest
kind Of violation Of the Potsdam Agree
ment and TIE principles OF the United
Nations Yet the Kremlin has had the
effrontsry to point the finger OF guilt At
France, Britain and the United States and
blame them for the cleavage in Germany
and Europe. With understatement, the
State Department calls this curious
logic" 1t 10 worse than that; 1t Is an
absolute inversion of the truth: 1t is the
old dodge Of the thief trying to distract
attention from himself by yelling stop
thief" ut the innocent; 1t is q perfect
Evening star., 1948-03-31

example Of what Hitler meant when he
lavished praise on the technique Of the
colossal He.
There would be no cleavage anywhere,
Of course, II the Soviet Union were honest
and had q real desire to cooperate. But
to its way Of thinking, cooperation means
that other countries must do exactly what
it demands. II they do not. then they
are all out OF step but the Kremlin, and
they are fascist beasts" "capitadstic re-
actionaries," and "warmongering impe-
rialists." There is thus kind Of method
ical madness In the Moscow lire, and the
nations Of the free world have no choice
but to work together as closely ~ possible
for mutual protection against 1t.
Evening star., 1948-03-31
Revision of u. N. Charter


To the Editor Of The star
If one were overly observant, one might
have noticed in the press recently a small
news item saying "A concurrent resolution
has been introduced and referred to the
House Committee on Foreign Affairs provid-
ing for the revision Of the United Nations
Charter to fulfill Its stated mission as the
principal and most effective instrument for
world peace with or without Russia"
Here was a ray Of hope which, If as
vigorously pursued as World War II or our
indicated intentions to re-arm, could culmi-
nate in something suggestive of Utopia.
Some consider the u. N. a dead duck-if it
Is, we have assisted ignobly in carving OF its
epitaph. America has attained most every
goal which it has vigorously pursued. Peace?
Have we exceeded a token effort2 For months
on end we have pointed with horror to the
Russian veto, q scapegoat used to infer that
we do not want veto. If we don't want it.
why haven't we suggested its elimination7
What sort OF bedlam would reign here II the
United States had no w-enforcing agencies?
How can the y. N. be expected to operate
effectively without . right arm? II peace is
worthwhile If we really want 1t, our past
successes suggest that We can have It, But
as Lincoln said, Important principles can, and
must be flexible"
our side Of the Czech "criss" has been
stated emphatcally: some are surprised that
this diamond in the rough has succumbed
without shot being fired, without q casualty
The CT that found himself there after the
war. apparently, has not been quite so bafned
as our Ambassador. One read, the other saw.
The CT recalls their menfolk toting scav-
engered Wehrmacht arms while the women
and children harvested the grain In the fields.
He saw the great and swift purge Of the
prosecuted minority" which included not only
the German carpet-baggers but people Of
Teutonic descent that had lived there for
generations. They were not evicted bag and
baggage-just evicted. And so 1t was that
the CT acquired a few msgivings concerning
this democratic model" All Of these escaped
the higher echelons In Prague where they
cast rose petals upon the likes Of Jan Masaryk,
Q peer among the worlds ninbls fence
Evening star., 1948-03-31
What Mr.. Lewis Proves

The spoiled-child antics in which John
L. Lewis has been indulging for the past
few days have attracted a degree of
attention which they do not deserve For
they are but preliminaries to the real
test which seems to be shaping up.
Mr.. Lewis likes to strut and shake his
hst and heap abuse on the public officials
who have the unpleasant task of dealing
with him. He likes to resist and defy
public authority just a. long as he can
safely do 10. And he seems to enjoy the
phony reputation for erudttion which
those who relish his rhetorical eccentrici-
ties have conferred upon him. But under
meath these hallmarks of the five-year- -old
boy there is a toughness and q eraftiness
about Mr.. Lewis which can mean serious
trouble for this country.
After q Federal court order had per-
suaded Mr.. Lewis that 1t was time to get
down to business, the mine union leader
appeared before the coal strike fact
fnding board and gave his version OF the
pension dispute which led to the walkout
in the coal fields. There 10 nothing re-
assuring about this testimony, for it
reveals q dispute which should be sasiIy
settled IT there were any real desire to
settle tt, and 1t raises the suspicion
that Mr.. Lewis Is after bigger game. This
would be the Taft-Hartley Act itself. and
there Is ample reason to believe that Mr..
Lewis would greatly enjoy being the first
to nullify 1t.
The chances are that he will be able
to do this II he wishes. In the first place.
Mr.. Lewis denies that he is responsible
Tor the strike by the miners and 1t Is not
going to be easy to prove otherwise. Even
II the Department of Justice can convince
the courts that Mr.. Lewis is responsible
for the strike. however, he will have no
great difficulty in demonstrating the weak
ness OF the Taft-Hartley Act.
The very most that the Government can
hope to do under the law is to obtain an
injunction which would have the effect
OF sending the miners back to work for
eighty days. After that they would BE-
completely free to walk out again, and
the law provides no further remedy.
This Is fact which should be kept in
mind az Mr.. Lewis tears Ills hair and
makes stump speeches about the oppres-
sive nature OF this law. For actually, the
law provides only the feeblest of protection
Tor the public against labor leaders of the
Lewis stamp, who care nothing for the
interests Of the Nation If those interests
happen to conflict with their own in
Hated yanities.
If Mr.. Lewis does not want to settle the
pension issue. but prefers instead to
trample on the Taft-Hartlsy law and the
public rights 1t Ii intended to protect. he
unquestionably can do 80. But in doins
this he will not prove that the law il the
oppressive, iniquitous thing which he has
falsely described it as being On the
contrary. he will merely prove that the
interests OF the American people cannot
be safeguarded from people like himself
without the enactment of new laws which
would bring about that drastic rexula tson
OF unions which Mr.. Lewis processes to
fear above all other things.
Evening star., 1948-03-31

sven the chain that swings between two posts
to block the entrance. There u not much 10
take away from these graves.
Hello, Jim, 70 here you arel"
yeah" and I can sse him astraddle the
cross smoking his cigarette.
"And that7" ask, pointing 10 the rcd wound
on his well-ironed shirt.
'"This7 Oh, nothing, just stopped bullet!"
Well so long Jim. know a lot Of people who
would like to be here. Living Is not 70 sweet
today. Besides, We run the risk TO die . worse
death, by new, scientific, up-to-date means
It will happen that way in the next war.
Cemeteries will be abolished. Wen vanish.
kind officer tells me 1t has not been 30 easy
to find all the casualties. Specialized patrols
walked long while In the mountains and in
the plain, asking, searching each patrol with
his interpreter, and there is still an unsolved
problem, the American dead in Istria and
Venezia Giulia occupied by Tito. The dead too
have a foreign political problem and the
Americans and Yugoslavs are negotiating.
They Have Visitors From Home.
To us 1t would seem easy, would It noti
Bring these boys back to the States" We
would say. Let them sleep quietly their long
sleep."
From Mirandola the boys are not yet NOV
ing to the States They wait for decisions but
1t is said they are going to move, sooner or
later.
could not learn why this cemetery has been
made Just here at Mirandola, and on q road
from which the jeep that took me back to town
threatened to Jump of at any moment. Per-
haps there Is no reason. It's here. That's all.
They have had visits, these dead. People
come from the States to Mirandola. If you
have = son, watch his mother tuck him into
bed herself, and you will understand why the
ocean could not stop their coming.
I said before, there Is no sign Of war The
war. extinguished, could not pass these can
did bounds. Death only did not deceive
Peace. Here, together with the Americans
are three hundred Germans and some Italians,
no differentiating sign, the same white crosses,
the same name plates Of engraved aluminium
Be proud OF this!
The United States here says q solemn word
OF brotherhood and peace. This is lot more
than the Marshall Plan. Old Glory on its
staff Is too small against the immense sky Of
the plain but the word this cemetery says is
great, As great ss ths skies. vS4
Modena. italy. FRANCO ePAGNOLI.
Evening star., 1948-03-31
ny THE HAsKIN SERVICE

g. How many persons will be eligible to vote
for President in November7-v. L.
A. According to q calculation Of the Bureau
OF the Census % 3,S41 900 persons are eligible
prises 4s,1s1 900 men and 477so,o0o women
The figure Is one million more than that for
1910.
g. What was the weight of the heaviest steer
ever slaughtered In the United states7
j. A. D.
A. From available records over two tons
According to the Holstein-Friesian Association
Of Brattleboro. Vt., the heaviest steer re-
ported in the United States to date~a Holstein
steer slaughtered tn 1910, weighed 4,62S pounds
q: How are Dutch wooden shoes made'-
M. r. G. '-t''' ',-'~- < .,.
A. The shoes are hantmade Blocks Of green
willow or type of poplar are first shaped TO
the outside form thsn ausers and souses are
used to carve the hollow of the foot. Machines
can be used for the outside but no substitute
has been found for 'handwork on the inside od
the shoe So. .,...,
@. Which sports come under the jurisdictaon
Of the Amateur Athletic Union7-s. w. B.
A. The Amateur Athletic Union Of the United
States has jurisdiction over the following games
or sports: Basket bah, billiards, boxing fencing.
gymnastics handball, hurdle, racing, jumping.
lacrosse, pole vaulting, putting the shot, discus
throwing. hammer and weights running,
swimming, tugs-of-war walking and wrestling.
Q. How many card games were known 10
Hoyle and described by him7-N. A. r
A. Edmund Hoyle wrote short treatises on
only five different games, notably whist. These
we're bound in one volume In 1743
@. What was the result Of the poll taken
some years ago of American scientists on the
proposed uses of the atomic bomb?-D. 8,
A. The poll OF scientists taken in July, 1945,
at the Metallurgical Laboratory OF the Uni
versity OF Chicago produced the following re-
suit: Is per cent favored full military use Of
the atomic bomb: 46 per cent. o limited use;
26 per cent wanted experimental demonstra-
ton before military use. and Is per cent pre-
ferred to avoid any military use whatever.
q. How many women are slectroeutsd In the
United States annua1ly7-L 9.
A. For the period from 1s41 to 1913, there
were only six electrocutions OF women reported
In the United States
q. whers s the Teapot Dome en held7-
A. M. g.
A. The area. now known as the United States
Petroleum Reserve No. 3, Is in Wyoming. Ths
original name was Irish Park.
@. What does the name Karen nssn'-
II. L. 8.
A. The name Karen Is the Danish and Nor
wegian form of Katharine or Catherine, mean
ing pure"
q. What is the purpose Of the dome On the
top Of = locomotive boiler?-M. B.
A. In recent designs the dome shell has been
made in one pressed steel piece and riveted
directly to the boiler shell. It's purpose Is to
collect and hold dry steam. In modern loco
motives equipped with q front end throttle
valve, the dry steam Is conducted from the
dome by the dry pipe to the throttle valve
from which 1t is delivered to the cylinders. In
older type locomotives the throttle valve 10 To-
Gated in the dome. g
q. Where Is the shortest verse In the Btblsf
w. A. A.
A. The shortest verse In the Bible b John
n verae as which reads "1sstfa wepf"
Evening star., 1948-03-31
Stars, Men ond Atoms
Chemists at Virginia U. -
Are Growing New Metals
Varieties Of Copper, Tin, Aluminium
Are Distinct from Prototypes
By Thossss X. Hssry

Are Distinct from Prototypes
By Tkomss X. Henry
Chemists ct the University q virsinia are
growing" new mstals-varistiss OF copper, Tin,
aluminium with differing crystal structures
which make them as distinct from their proto-
types ~ they were different chemical
elements
They differ snermoualy from each olhse IN
their reaction to friction, oxidation. eoercsson
and wetting. The project, carried On secretly
ouz,ng shs war under direction Il Dr.. Allan r.
owethmay Of the Cobb Chemical Laboratory,
now u in the open.
1hs work has involved production Of saper-
crystals, millions OF times larger than ordinary
metallic crystals. Dr.. Gwathmay sayv.
Frsm Meltan Metals.
These crystals are grown from molten mssaia,
Thsn they either are machined into spheres,
q hAt faces are cut On them which may Be a.
much ~ m inch across. A special polish which
makes It possible 10 detect small changes n
given the surface, and finally chemical reas-
tions of all sorts are studied 49,.
Since chemical activity depends On the DIS
tancs between atoms, and since each crystal
face has Q different pattern OF atomic spacing.
each face reacts In its own individual way to
the same process.
A particular sised face viii combine With
oxygen, for instance faster or slower than
another Of the same slement
Importance 10 Industry.
The Developments, 1t 10 expected, win be ot
greet Importance for industrial catalysis, the
process in which mixtures Of gases are exposed
to metal surfaces in order to speed up their
reaction for the formation OF new substances.
BY producing highly reactive metal surfaces.
industry can accelerate the production of
synthetic fuel and rubber. aviation gasoline,
explosives, plastics and fertilizers
The project was started in an effort to
determine how to reduce friction and wear in
aircraft engines. It was realized that parts
would last many times longer If the metallis
surfaces consisted only OF the most wesr-resist.
ant sides Of the crystals.
Most important OF the publishabls material
will appear this spring when the National
Advisory Committee for Aeronautics releases
two manuals written at the university.