davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-12-05

may curtail city-wide transportation.
Oflcials in Western Berlin coun-
tered the Communist move by stop
ping street railway and underground
rail service on lines leading into the
Russian sector until after 10 am.
tomorrow.
That will prevent some Russian
sector workers from going to their
Jobs before 10 am. and thus permit
them to vote before going. Many,
however, will still be able to go to
work early on elevated trains which
are controlled by the Russians
throughout the city.
Troops Ready for Emergency.
The polls will be open from 8 am.
q am, Eastern Standard Time) to
8 pm. q pm. (EST), to give more
voting time for Germans who work
in the Russian sector.
Under the city constitution the
voting is secret. The voter receives
two ballots, one city-wide, the other
for his borough, marks them in a
booth and places them in a sealed
envelop which Is dropped in the box.
He may give his registration number
instead of his name when voting.
Ten thousand officials will be on
duty at hundreds of polling places.
Police guards have been strength
ened.
British, French and Americans
have adopted a hands-of policy
unless trouble breaks out which the
Germans cannot control. Picked
American troops will be held ready
for emergency in their sector.
Britons Confined to Barracks.
The British will confine their
troops to barracks during the voting
hours, but the usual force of mil
ttary police will be on duty.
AL Germans over 20 who have
lived here six months are privileged
to vote. There are about 1000 0
of them in the three Western Sec
tors.
In the 1946 elections when the
Communists received less than 20
per cent of the votes, 80 per cent
of the eligible voters cast ballots
This time the Communists are ex-
pected to stay away.
The Social Democrats won about
48 per cent of the vote in 1916, the
Christian Democrats % per cent
and the Liberal Democrats ga per
cent.
Evening star., 1948-12-05

sequent years, assuming the military
situation improved, the majority
would go for economic purposes.
Unwilling to Accept Estimate.
DR.. Koo is understood to have told
both the President and State De-
partment officials that his govern
ment believes that with program
of this sort the job could be done in
three years. In general, United
States officials have not been willing
to accept this estimate. American
military estimates for saving China
run to a total of ut least $4,000, ,000,-
900 over a three or four-year period.
Gen. Marshall, Mr.. Truman and
their advisers also have decided,
tentatively at least, that any pro-
gram to be guaranteed effective in
the present situation in China would
mean the Americans would virtually
have to take over. This Gen. Mar
shall and Mr.. Truman have been
unwilling to do. One question which
deeply concerns them is the possi-
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Madame Chiunq
Continued From First Page.)

the supply services for the Chinese
army, extend and operate military
training and assume direction of
strategic planning The Chinese
wanted Gen. Macarthur, but Presi-
dent Truman said no. Their pro-
posal, together with Chiang's' as
surances to the President and Gen.
Marshall Of complete cooperation,
means that the seneralisimo now
apparently wants the United States
to take over" the running Of his
war.
4. Laying down a military and
economic aid program for q period
of three years at a billion dollars a
year, including expenses of the mill
tary mission. Ambassador Koo has
estimated that in the first year the
81, ,000, ,000, 900 could be divided so per
cent for military aid and 10 per cent
for economic aid, but that in sub
Evening star., 1948-12-05

one. Communists are urging their
followers to ignore tomorrow's vot-
ing, and are using every trick to cut
down the size Of the vote.
Day Of Work Ordered.
Gen. Clay said tonight there is
no intention on our part to recog-
nize the rump government" He
denied a report that he had said
the West might recognize the Com
munist regime as part of settle
ment Of the whole Berlin dispute.
All three Western military goy-
ernors joined in a letter to Rus
sian authorities calling organization
Of the rump government an illegal
action"
The Russians have ordered tomor-
row to be a day of work in East
Berlin, even though it is Sunday,
hoping to prevent 100000 west Ber-
liners who work in the eastern Sec
tor from getting to the polls. They
Evening star., 1948-12-05

Methodist University; John 8. Lewis
j. Ormond Wilson Teachers Col
lege; Tremaine Mcdowell, Univer-
sity Of Minnesota; Floyd Stovall
North Texas State Teachers Col
lege.
Also, Willard Thorp, Princeton
University; Charles c. Walcutt
Washington and Jefferson College;
Harry r. Warfel, University Of Flor
ida; William L. Werner, Pennsyl-
vania State College.
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Drivers Who Peep
Through Frost on
Windows Warned

"Peep-hole" drivers are creating
hazard to law-abiding drivers IN the
District, according to Herman S.
Cole, administrative officer Of the
Department of Vehicles and TRAFFIC.
"Peep-hole" drivers were charac-
terized by Mr.. Cole as those who
park their cars in front OF their
homes overnight and If the wind
shield is frosted, in the morning,
scrape of only q few inches Of the
windshield. rather than clear the
entire window. They never clear
the glass in the back window and
therefore are not able to see traf1ic
in back of them.
Mr.. Cole suggested that motorists
take the following steps:
Park their cars in garages when
ever possible.
When cars are left out in the
street all night, cover the windshield
with newspaper or cardboard using
Scotch tape if necessary to hold the
paper in place.
Secure old razor blades to scratch
all of the frost of the windshield in
case newspaper or cardboard Is not
available.
Evening star., 1948-12-05


browsing. Many do not.
The most favorable sign for the
recent years has been the grouping,
in about 80 institutions, Of courses
from various departments to form
a major" in American civilization.
Requirements usually include Amer
lean literature, the social and &C.
onomic history Of the United States,
European literature and historical
backgrounds. and thesis. The
degree OF doctor of philosophy in
American civilization is now being
offered under such q plan by the
following. universities:
Brown University. George WASH
intgon University. Harvard Univer-
sity, New York University, Ohio
State University, State University
of Iowa. University of Chicago.
Also, University of Maryland, Uni
versity of Minnesota, University of
New Mexico, University of Pennsyl-
vania, University of Wisconsin,
Western Reserve University, and
Yale University.
Basic Glasses Deplete Stats.
One reason for the neglect of
American literature is fairly obvious.
English departments, which have
the responsibility for courses in
American literature, have RESPONSE
bility also for required basic courses
with heavy enrollments, such as
composition and speech. Since
members of the department can
conduct only one class at time,
there is q sharp limitation, particu-
larIy in small colleges. on the num-
ber of courses that can be offered
The sudden increase in enrollments
in the last few years has forced
the scheduling of many more classes
in basic required subjects and has
aggravated this condition.
There are bright spots in the
total picture.
At least one American college
neutrality-suspicious. q separate
department Of American literature
Scholars in the field now have q
professional quarterly, American
Literature" published at Duke
University.
A number Of institutions. among
them the George Washington Uni
versity and the University OF Mary
land. are doing impressive graduate
work in the subject.
In 1s46, some 20 institutions re-
ported 245 students working fol
M. A. and 88 for Ph. D. degrees In
American literature.
There Is evidence that the proper
ton of present-day teachers OF
American literature who have had
special training in that field is much
greater than q decade ago and that
as time goes on the proportion OF
well-prepared teachers will in
crease still further.
But in spite of these brighter
omens. the fact remains that in the
ajority of our colleges and uni
versities American writing does not
receive attention commensurate with
it's value, either intrinsically as
literature or as explanation Of the
American tradition and evidence OF
the validity Of the American vision
1t Is to be hoped that the report
will serve as q stimulus to the COL
legiate teaching of the subjes4. Fol-
lowing are the names of the men,
bers Of the committee which con-
Quoted the study:
William @. Crane, chairman. City
College New York City; George
Arms, University OF New Mexico;
Walter Blair. University Of Chicago;
Scully Bradley. University of Penn
sylvania; Frederic !. Carpenter, Un-
iversity OF California berkeley.
And, Rudolf Kirk, Rutgers Uni
yersity: Ernest Z. LeiSey, Southern
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Geftysburgh Man Who Heard
lincoIn's Address Dies
Nv the Assoeiat@d PYssR

BY the Assoeiatsd Press
GETTYSBURG, Pa, Dec. Ed.
ward A. Trostle, 80, the last known
surviving Gettysburg resident who
heard Lincoln's address here on No
vember 10, 1853, Is dead.
Mr.. Trostle was 4 years old when
he heard the address. He attended
ceremonies recently marking the an
niversary of the speech and q few
hours later was struck by an auto
mobile.
He died of the injuries last night.
Evening star., 1948-12-05

bility of American involvement In
a situation which could 60 on almost
cndle-sly draining away American
Iupds becau3e of the chaos and dis.
organization OF China and what is
conceived to be here the rapid de-
cline of Chiang's leadership.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-04-03
Detroit VIII Host Second
World Model Plane Contest

rH Boy, and grls and
ipldcrS from all
ue Ven states and many
o, c> Wlll compete
tet Summer IN great
M M m n3 Model Plane
rtcrmine world 5
s speed and en-
Announcement of
'ac made by D 5
cni ~ Plymouth
Nf p aton which viii
contest. IN conlunc-
re Aero Club Of
VIZ living advancing
y tpld pace as full
~ on thrilling new
feni a jet-propellod
2ee 'aui flvinc and fly
8g radclS have been
5,a Years program
TIE most outStand-
aviation history.
l16 TROPHIES
or and twenty SIX
'ra total OF S7l75
% p viii be awarded
'fNr 81 events. In adj
or International per
rc'l VIII be awarded
model and stunt
lN.F.f. .....ftl tr,nbf,e fnp
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-04-03
Hawkins Opens
Tour Of South
And Southwest

NEW YORK Etsklne Hawk
ms. Swingdom'S Twentieth Com
turv Gabrick VIII be bringing ad'
dtonal JOY TO his army Of fans
around the country as he begins
the distribution Of more than
$4,000 worth Of prizes to lucky
dance gucrS as be makes swing
through the South and Southwest
that began with dance az the
Armory in Paramount, w Va,
last Friday
This sensational give away pro-
gram has no strings attached.
There is nothing that the fans
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-04-03
Concert To
Benefit
Hospital
Maynor and Chorus
Scheduled for Next
Seasons Programs =

D.r in for some Mighty
e. m the next few weeks.
eM the parade Of events
:, concert by Miss Ce-
ASa local soprano, " h o
daN evening IN Mu-
lla concert for the ben
-, Community Hospital
,cds VIII be used to
kSlde hospital
Mss Wdl repeat her pro-
JN n She Will be ac-
Helen Sudar SIM
r,rr
ALREADY lined up for next
season Art Institute concerts.
sponsorod by Irving Teicher are
DoroihY MaYnor and DePaur's
Infantry Chorus.
id cns week az the
M. lGtt Opera IN Ma
Wth Babes IN
T i9o piece dc rcSis-
1Wcd hv an extra
rr We ncsday for un-
lHrcn.
ages are expect
e:f,r operctta
Evening star., 1948-10-17
BY the As.oeic,sd Press


ATLANTA, Oct. 16.-Georgians
will vote for q President like every
body else November 2 but some are
betting the ballots won't mean a
thing.
An almost forgotten law, passed
LIB years ago, may throw the race
for Georgia's IL electoral votes into
the State Legislature.
That might take 10 days or SO
after general election ballots are
counted. leaving Georgia the last
State In the Nation to decide the
presidential contest.
As one lawmaker put It, the State
would be in q fine position Ito trade
somewhat"
AL this is the result of that old
law which had not been busted of
for half q century-until Southern
politics reached new peak of con-
fusion this year.
The act says candidates for pres
idential and vice presidential elec.
tors must win q majority of popula,
votes to be elected.
Can Name Anyone.
II no single candidate gets q ma.
Jortty, the State Legislature meet.
IN special session to pick presiden.
tial electors. The Legislature has {
free hand to name anyone from
any faction.
Many observers predict none o
the five states of electors contest.
ing in Georgia this year can VIII
majority. Republicans, States
Rights Democrats and regular Dem
ocrats all are swinging into a knock.
down fight for votes.
Progressives and Prohibitionist.
Evening star., 1948-10-17
State Legislature May Decide
Presidential Vote in Georqio

are expected to split the ballot
further.
Anybody's Guess.
II the election goes to the legis-
lature, few are ready to predict
the outcome. The assembly, domi-
mated by supporters Of Democratic
Governor-nominate Herman Tai
madge, would be torn between Dem
ocratic party loyalty and strong
sympathies for the States Rights
platform.
Georgia would be the first State
in many years to revert to the
10th century idea Of letting legis-
lature cast the States vote for
President.
In 1924, when the law was passed
1t was hardly considered proper
for the people to select q President
anyhow. Since Reconstruction days.
the act hasn't made any difference
because Democrats swept every
election.
Evening star., 1948-10-17

chiefly wheat-to Europe that
there is all and more q DIP can eat.
But there is definite deficiency in
fats and oils and, as everywhere In
Europe, Of meat.
Germans Must Provide Food.
At q non-Jewish camp at Ingol-
stadt, Germany, the DPS estimated
cereals constituted around IS per
cent Of their diet while at the Gels
lingen camp the figure was 50 per
cent. Part of the food problem Is
the constant battle with the Ger.
mans, who are required to supply
the food to the DIP camps, to keep
up the quality rather than giving
the getter grades to their own people
and the left-overs to the DPS. The
International Refugee Organization
officials maintain a constant check
to keep the Germans from further
taking it out on the DPS.
Monotony, of course, is the curse
of the DPS diet. Day after day II
is bread and cereals and potatoes, q
bit Of fruit and vegetables, perhaps
pat of margarine or cheese, a little
sugar and ersatz coffee with milk
for the children. The result, one
group Of DPS told us, is that theil
main preoccupation" Is Ito provide
for some additional food as there
are vegetables, fruits and other item,
that can be bought freely In thi,
country"-Germany.
Here the problem is two-faced
however. The currency reform put
into effect by the bizonal military
government has brought food ane
other consumer goods into German
shops in considerable abundance
But it also has resulted in a tighten.
ing of the military governments
budget of German marks for the
IRO to give jobs to DPS. Only a
small proportion of DPS have normal
jobs in the German economy. Thou
sands work for IRO. however, since
its international staff is quite small
But these IRO jobs now have beer
reduced, just when the money they
would pay would mean that addi.
tional food to break the dreary
monotony. For many there were NJ
jobs before currency reform ant
none today-only monotony ane
hope of getting away from it all
anywhere, the further the better ant
above all quickly.
IRO Patience Taxed.
The constant pickering over fooc
allotments, housing problems ane
the other DIP problems tends to taa
the patience of the IRO personnel
much as those who ran the WPA
and other depression relief schemes
found themselves caught between
the critics of any such program and
the benehciaries of the aid.
Yet the very fact of the gripping
the camps are self-run on . most
democratic fashion which make,
beefing as easy as In the United
States-is an indication of the vi.
tality of the displaced persons ant
their overwhelming desire for 9
chance at q decent existence.
Beneath the gripes, too, there 4
Evening star., 1948-10-17

restoration of the property to the
plaintiffs.
In fines and forfeitures at Munich.
pal Court. $s0s ,sse was collected for
traffic cases and $367,s6 for Dis.
trict cases, totaIing $1,17l,85S, an
increase of $124.524 over the preced.
ing year.
There were 124 cases before the
Board of Tax Appeals. involving
taxes In the amount of $1,03S, 1872.
Thirty-one of these were decided in
favor of the District in the amount
of $l09, 500.
Evening star., 1948-10-17
$4,000 DPS in Reich, Austria
Are Crowded Into 300 Camps

and the fall winds already are
whipping through, bringing colds
especially to the children. Some
windows are boarded up but rather
inadequately.
Light Bulbs Hard To Get.
There is more electricity in the
camps than there are light bulbs to
make use of it. Bulbs appear to be
one of the hardest things to find in
Germany today and they have a
habit of disappearing from sockets
almost as quickly as they are
screwed in. We visited one trade
school near Stuttgart, for instance,
where at least 100 young men were
trying to learn carpentry, metal
working and electric wiring in what
was approaching total darkness.
Typical of the more primative
wood camps is a Jewish camp at
rHallein near Saltzburg, Austria.
Here are hundreds of Polish Jews
who somehow managed to outlive
Hitler, though many Of them spent
years in Siberian labor camps to
which Stain sent them when he
divided Poland with Hitler and ap-
propriated the labor of those on
the Soviet side Of the line.
Yet at Hallein one is impressed
with the feeling of hope that at
long last there will be an end to the
camps and that human decency and
human dignity will triumph. Most
of these Jews said they wanted to
go to Palestine though some Jews
are inclined to.prefer to wait while
longer before they leave. This re-
luctance is two-fold: fear of in
volvement in the Palestine fighting
and the to-be-expected fear of the
unknown.
Clothing Big Problem.
Clothing is big problem still in
all the camps. No one will go cold
this winter but the DPS are poorly
dressed, usually more so than the
Germans who never were models OF
taste in clothing by our standards
Yet inventiveness is far from ex-
tinct among the DPS. Part of q
program put on for a group OF
American newspapermen at the Es-
tonian camp at Geislingen, near
Stuttgart, was before and after
clothing show. The before" con-
sisted of IRO-issued clothes, plus all
sorts of scraps and the after" es-
pecially when modelled by the pretty
blond, blue-eyed Baltic girls, was
proof enough that they can fit into
any American community given fai
less than half a chance.
The problem of food deserves tc
come this far down in a report or
the displaced persons camps be-
} cause it has been so well-solved. The
DPS themselves talk today not o!
more calories needed but Of a bet.
ter distribution of calories. We ir
America have shipped so much grain
Evening star., 1948-10-17
|MCiviI Cases Won
|byD. {. in Fiscal '4S

The District of Columbia was
named defendant in u civil actions
in District Court during the 194s
fiscal year, Corporation Counsel
Vernon E. West revealed yesterday
in his annual report to the Com
missioners.
-Four of the cases went against
the District while A were settled
in favor of the city government.
The rest were either settled or are
pending. The suits included 30 per-
sonal injury cases and 10 false
arrest and assault cases.
Fourteen charges of unlawful de-
tention Of property were filed
against Metropolitan Police officials,
in the Civil Division of Municipal
Court. Eight cases resulted in
Evening star., 1948-10-17

q solid basis Of appreciation for
what has been done for them. It
doesn't take much reflection for q
DIP to realize he has been on the
worlds charity now for three years
through UNRRA and IRO. OF
course, some are completely unap-
preciated and have the world-owes-
me-a-living attitude.
Lithuanians Grateful.
A group OF Lithuanian DPS hand
ed this correspondent q statement
Of their feelings and grievances.
They told Of the fate of Lithuania,
swallowed by the Soviet Union
along with the other Baltic nations.
They expressed their belief In the
Four Freedoms. They said:
I'VE want to be provided with
jobs. We want to work. The short
age Of work and OF income switches
us OIL from the normal life and
makes the camp life still harder"
And they said:
I'VE express our heartfelt thank
fulness and obligations to the
President Of the United States, Mr.
Harry Truman, to the Government
and to the American Nation fol-
our liberation from the Nazi yoke
We are very much obliged to the
other member nations of the U. N
uOR is q United Nations agency
as well who are cooperating
- . These words would be an
incomplete expression Of our thank
fulness without mentioning the fact
that the above mentioned care
saved many DP-refugees from star
vation, lessened our moral aches
constituted conditions and gave op-
portunities to build up schools and
other educational institutions in the
camps. '""
I'VE feel and we see that this
work of care and assistance, which
does not have any equal sample
within the human history, Is the
greatest part led and maintained
by the United States of America.
(Next: The DIP Children.)
>~:.k d.
Evening star., 1948-10-17
(Fitth of q Series.)
By Chalmers IA. Robert:
Stor StaH Correspondent

Franfurt, Germany (By maiD.-
The more than 800 camps and in
stallations which house the $780, 200
displaced persons in Germany and
Austria give the physical impress
sion of a mixture of depression
day Hoovervilles and CCC camps
in the United States.
Except for some $4,000 DPS who
somehow have managed to find
homes in cities or towns outside
camps, all the DPS are living either
in permanent structures erected by
the Nazis for their army or in wood
barracks built for the slave labor
they brought to the Reich. AS q
result, some DPS have living quar-
ters better than others, but all have
three qualities in common:
They are crowded, sometimes hall
O dozen families to q room, to the
point where the fight for privacy
Is a major preoccupatin. They art
bare of any Of the amenities Of life
that can turn even boardinghoust
room into a home in America. They
are cold. The furniture Is mostly
United States Army surplus or made
by camp carpenters there isn't
pair of bed springs anywhere)
There is insufficient coal for heating
and thousands of glassless Windows
still testifying to the war scars tha'
will cover Germany from end X
end for years to come.
Nationalities Mingled.
Camps in general are divided into
those housing Jews and those hous'
ing non-Jews. Within this latte
and much larger group dozen o.
more nationalities are mingled
Those who live in the camps, in
cidentally. are given preference
over those outside for emigration
to the United States under the nev
Displaced Persons Act.
The permanent buildings, con
structed for the German Wehr'
macht, are usually four or five stor.
structures, but without elevator
and frequently with a wing or twt
smashed up by American or British
bombs. They are scrupulouSly clear
with that well-scrubbed- -behind-the
ears look GIs learned to give Arm,
barracks during the wartime train
ing programs in the United States
The health record of the DPS is ex
ceptionally good, with no epidemic
despite the obvious overcrowding.
One such big barracks is outsid
Munich. Known as Warner Kas
serne, 1t houses several thousan'
"permanents" as well as nearly /,
TOO waiting to 60 to America. TIL
camp is well pock-marked,. the re
suit Of Stiff German resistance t.
American troops which captured II
Windows are gone from corridor
Evening star., 1948-10-17
Bull Moose Ponies Butte

q BUTTE, Mont. (P.-Bull moose at
best are in-tempered fellows, so .
Butte residential area breathed
easier after a 1,200-pounder was
killed by police after an automobile
chase. The animal had trampled
lawns and flowerbeds and fright
ened many residents before he was
felled.
Evening star., 1948-10-17

More geysers exist in Yellowstone
than in all the rest of the world.