davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Volcanic Performances

Scientists coincidentally are studying
two volcanic eruptions in widely separated
terrains. One group is watching the
birth" Of flaming mountain in the
Belgian Congo. There, In the Lake Kivu
region, cone more than three hundred
feet high has been raised by repeated
explosions of lava deep in the basic fabric
of the Earth. Similar activity has been
in progress in the neighborhood for many
centuries. peak called Nyamlagira burst
into furnace like blaze just decade ago,
pouring molten rock over the adjacent
landscape. Nearby are the giant hills
known as Mikeno and Karisimbi, now
quiescent but formerly tumultuous craters.
What particularly interests biologists
observing the Congo disturbance is the
fact that it represents an independent
development. The standard seismic maps
OF the world show four separate volcanic
areas in Africa. None of them, however,
is connected with the belt" of earthquake
phenomena which runs through the Med
iterranean basin, including Spain, Italy
Greece and Turkey, to the Malay PENN
Sula, China and Japan, thence over the
Aleutians to the western coasts of North
and South America and the islands of the
Caribbean Sea. Professor Reginald AID
worth Daily of Harvard refers to this
isolation as an example of "luck of local
ity." Perhaps an explanation of it may
be found in the fact that the African
basement" is granite nearly as old as the
planet ITSELF Such rocks can-and do
boil under pressure, yet their performance
Is separate and distinct from other Incl
dents of the same general character.
The second volcano currently attracting
professional attention is that of Ngauruhoe
in New Zealand, peak which has been
spewing ashes and lava over Tongariro
National Park. This mountain, seventy
five hundred feet high, is close to Ruapehu,
a cone nine thousand feet above the water
line, which erupted last winter. Investi-
gators are watching the show from stations
strategically established. The whole coun-
try lies within the seismic zone whose
eastern branch is in the southern part of
Chile.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Riddle of Photosynthesis
Tagged Carbon IA Atoms Are Helping Science Solve
Puzzle of Plant and Animal Growth

what practical good viii come from q clearer
comprehension of photosynthesis. because IL
they were they could pretty well predict the
result before they started-nothing. Usefulness
is result, not an objective.
One possibility is the production Of plants
and animals far richer in food values, or in
fuel values. Far of is the glimmer Of being
able to utilize the waste places Of the earth to
produce food even of freeing human life from
the tyranny of the vegetable kingdom.
A few samples of the experiments now-in
progress with Carbon IA obtained from Oak
Ridge illustrate the possibilities.
At the University of Chicago important drugs
obtained from the plants are being "biosynthe-
sized" Foxgloves, peoples, tobacco and bella.
donna are being grown in sealed chambers into
which Is introduced carbon dioxide synthesized
with Carbon II. These plants build UP in their
tissues the important drugs digitalis, morphine,
nicotine and atropine. AS the exploding car
bon dioxide is incorporated in the plant tissues
it becomes part of the drugs Then the drugs,
themselves can be given to animals and the
progress of their effects on the body observed,
step by step.
Effects Of Drugs to Be Checked.
1t is not known If certain drugs exert their
effect as such, or II the effect-such as desensi-
tization to pain with morphine-is due to some
secondary substance created by the body itself
through contact with the drug. This lack of
knowledge makes much more difficult the pro-
duction of synthetic substitutes. Perhaps only
a very small part of the molecule of the origi-
nal drug is necessary. Perhaps the pain-killng
properties of morphine have no relation to its
habit-forming propensities. Now with their
Geiger counters the University of Chicago
chemists will be able to solve just such questions
At the University of Pennsylvania molecules
tagged with Carbon IA are being used to deter
mine how the body utilities various food mate
rials-builds up fat out of some, muscles out
Of others, bone out Of others. The bochemists
have synthesized one of the amino acids. con-
stituents of food which are essential to life.
known as phenylalanine. Tagging Its molecules
with exploding carbon, they have found that
it is used by the body to build up that most
powerful of the hormones, adrenalin-the body
chemical which can actually bring the dead
to life"
Certain body hormones-especially the sex
hormones-are suspected of being the basic
causes of certain forms of cancer. At the
Worcester Foundation of Experimental Biology
these hormones are being tagged with Carbon
IA to determine how they enter, If at all, into
the concentrating process.
CThe fourth article in this series will appear in
lie Snun
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

ure for the discomfort visible there in
recent months The West, on its side, has
always been willing to further intra-Euro-
pean trade. The door has always been
open for Russia and its satellites to join
the European Recovery Program. 1t was
Moscow which shut the door, imposing its
will upon the satellites, who were most
reluctant to forego ERP benefits. The
West, therefore, needs to make no basic
change in its economic policy. 1t is up to
Moscow to make the next move.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Can't, Robbins Transferred
o the Editor of The star.

To the Editor Of The Star.
On May 81 wrote, in connection with
column by Dorothy Thompson published in The
Star on May %, that Capt. Jerome Robbins
was accepting packages of clothing for distn-
button to displaced persons in Berlin. You
published my letter about June 5.
have now heard from Capt. Robbins that ne
has been transferred to Paris. He did not say
whether any one else was carrying on this
work in Berlin. have written to ask him
this but in the meanwhile, ! suppose it would
be wise for readers to suspend sending pack
ages OF clothing. HEADEN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Storm in q Hotel Court

The tuind leaps past the edUes to tdU
Through rippled tuy doaon the traH,
Tosses the iris spears and bloom
As brisk maid turns out room,
Shakes all the prfraness from the hedge
And rolls the grass from edge to edge.
OF this shut garden king indeed
The Notwithstanding like reed,
Gums the new force TN its domain,
And bous 1bdshed before the rain.
DOROTHY BROWN THOMPSON.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Question for Actors Equity

To the Editor Of The Star
I note with interest that the Theater Guhd
has added nine new cities to its list including
Richmond, Fort Worth, Dallas. San Antonio
and Austin. It also includes Baltimore.
The question occurs to me: Do these cities,
all Southern, admit colored people without dis
elimination? or did the Actors Equity simply
want to act like spoiled children and take their
don rags and 20 home-from the National?
NAOMI 8. TALLEY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

The great physicist, Einstein, is for Wal
lace, and what could be more natural, as
Hank is another who thinks aloud in cos
mic terms, and can't do thing with his
hair
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Veteran.Students' Problem

To the Editor Of The Star.
hope some of our Representatives may read
this and do something about it.
happen to be one of the unfortunate people
who must eat all meals in restaurants As
stand in line in cafeterias see every day ex-
CTS who are trying to exc out meagre exist
ence while trying to finish their education
which was so abruptly interrupted by the war.
I wish some of the Representatives would
have to try to exist on the $85 month these
boys are allowed to pay for rooms, meals, car
fares, etc.
Tonight two boys had on their trays potato
salad, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and soup. No
meat, no dessert, or drink. nothing nourishing
I have heard some say they do not eat break
fast because they can't afford It,
Yet in the face of all this, with no decent
places for our young veterans to live, We are
admitting thousands with promises of jobs
and homes in this country.
1t is a tragic situation. Won't our Repre-
sentatives do something for our single boys?
The married ones have employed wives, but
what about the single ones who were taken
into the service when only II and 10 and who
can't live a normal life by asking girls for
dates-pecause they can't afford it? Please
give them helping hand.
AN INTERESTED OBSERVER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Moonlight Cruises for the Soldiers

Comments on Our Commentators
To the Editor OF The Star.
Lowell Mellett is to be commended for his
keen analysis and intelligent comments in
The Star on the "two-ring spy circus
Our election year, do-nothing Congress must
be exposed to the people, and The Star would
have rendered an even greater service to its
public by printing Mr. Mellett on the front page
and RELOCATING Miss Bentley and Mr.. Reming-
ton to the amusement section where they would
make more convincing reading.
If Congress would give the people decent
housing, price control, education and health
facilities and guarantee Of civil rights for
all, it would solve the problems of "isms," and
a secure, happy United States would be the
end result MARY WHITMAN.
To the Editor of The Star.
George williams doesn't speak for all of us
when he deplores Henry McLemores alleged
inaccuracies on Turkey. At least here is one
he doesn't speak for.
Henry doesn't have to be factual, or polite
to the Turks and Russians, or accurate, or
careful All he needs to dispense is clean
humor And he does that day in and day
out to the delight of this one reader anyway.
Incidentally, Henry tramps over part OF
the world where we have preceded him on &C.
casion, and We have yet to find any evidence
of inaccuracy or disrespect or impoliteness
We particularly enjoy his homespun appraisal
of political trends and selfstyled heroes.
He says more about politics in his incidental
asides than professional political commenta-
tors say in whole books.
Take the cover of some more Henry, and
show us the contents. You're the good old
stuff, la American. FRED E. RICK.
To the Editor Of The Star.
Although sometimes disagree with The
Stars editorial policy, I have seldom been as
disappointed as I was the other day on read
ing Gould Lincolns column about Governor
Dewey and the school teachers. Mr.. Lincoln
used almost every trick and propaganda de-
vice available to defend Governor Dewey, with
out once dealing with the two questions at
the heart of the matter: ID Did Governor
Dewey attack the teachers organizations; and
90 If he did-or if he didnt-what useful
conclusions are to be drawn?
In this column Mr.. Lincoln displayed
journalistic attitude that cannot help but
make much of his other reporting and
Interpretation of the news suspect as well.
Even David Lawrence is not guilty of this type
Of intellectual slyness I'm afraid Mr.. Lincoln is
slipping. C. B.
To the Editor of The Star.
I think it appropriate to enter protest con-
corning the column by one of your columnists.
Gerard D. Reilly which appeared in your issue
of August /. and in justice to my clients ask
that you print this letter.
That column concerned itself with decision
of Trial Examiner Of the National Labor Re-
lations Board in the Al Photo Service case.
Mr.. Reilly disagrees with that decision and ap-
proves a contrary opinion on the same point BY
another Trial Examiner of the Board in the
Baltimore Graphic Arts case. The latter case
Gin which represent an adversary party, the
international typographical union . now
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
'Commucrats' in the Government

'Commucrats' in the Government
To the Editor of The Star
What short memories we have! Only few
years ago Communists and Pinks were so
thick in the Executive Department offices that
you could stir them with stick We accepted
them then as regular routine Communist
youth group was entertained at the White
House.
In the 1914 presidential election campaign
the Communist party nominated no candidate
of it's own, but Endorsed the Democratic
ticket The resulting coalition, the Com
mucrats," elected the administration now in
power No doubt the Reds expected repre-
sentation in the regime that they helped to
put into Office.
Now less than four years after electing the
Communists preferences for President and
Vice President, many citizens seem surprised
that Communists have been and are in high
Government positions. The only logical sur
prise is that we have so many in office who
are not Communists.
GEORGE FREDERICK MILLER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Questions and Answers

reader can get the answer to any question Of
fact by writing The Evening Star INFORMATION
Bureau 316 Eye street NE, Washington 2 p C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Stors, Men and Atoms
By Thomas r. Henry

Third OF q series OF articles describing
the progress being made In the field OF ra-
dioisotope resedrch.)
The basic process of all life on earth, in its
present stage of evolution. Is photosynthesis.
Green plants have the capacity to extract
the rather rare gas, carbon dioxide, from the
atmosphere and water from the air and soil.
and transform them into compounds Of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. These are starches
and sugars Chemically often extremely COM
plex, they are the basic bricks which plant
piles on top of each other, and arranges in
infinitely intricate patterns, in the process
of growth These starches and sugars are
the fuel of all animal lfe-the coal necessary
to keep the body's slow fire burning. They
are essential for all animals from protozoa
and earthworms to men. They are obtained
by eating plants or other animals that have
fed on plants
Forests made of these products of photo
synthesis die and are crushed in the titanic
processes of mountain building. The oxygen
escapes There is left black rock composed
largely of carbon-hydrogen combinations or
carbohydrates. Thus are formed the great
coal beds under the mountains. Infinitely vast
numbers of tiny creatures feed on plants and
thus obtain the fuel for living In countless
billions of billions they die and sink to the
bottom of the sea- Hundreds Of millions OF
years later they have changed into the great
oil reservoirs.
Life's Fuel Stored for Future.
Not only does this basic chemical process
furnish lifes fuel for the present. 1t produces
and stores fuel for the infinitely distant future
1t can take place, however, only in sunlight
or some kind of artificial light. This light is
trapped and it's energy converted into chemical
energy by the green coloring matter in foliage.
chlorophyI. The coal furnace today burns-or
releases-sunshine trapped by chlorophyl 3oo,-
100000 years ago.
This process of photosynthesis is one of
vast complexity. Naturally, since it is the basis
of all life, vast amount of research has been
done on it. Nobody yet has come close to an
understanding of ito say nothing Of being
able to duplicate the process Before Carbon
IA it is doubtful if the mystery could have been
solved in thousand years.
But with this invaluable key the door has
been opened The fundamental molecule of
the photosynthetic process, carbon dioxide, can
be made up with exploding as we'll as stable
atoms In this way what happens to the car
bon atoms can be followed from second to
second The first essential is understanding.
Scientists are not primarily concerned with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
Driter, although it is permissible for
writer known to The Star to use
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

pending before the National Labor Relations
Board Mr. Reilly failed to disclose that, In
that case, he has appeared on behalf OF group
of employers; he is, therefore, using your COL
umns to advance the cause Of his clients with
out disclosing his interest in the result.
am confident that you will wish to call this
matter to your readers attention in order that
they may not assume that Mr.. Reillys views
on this matter represent those iof an impartial
commentator. GERHARD p VAN ARKEL.
Editors note: While Mr.. Reilly has appeared
in litigation involving the International Typo
graphical Union, he says he entered no appear
ance in the Baltimore Graphic Arts case, nor
does he represent the Baltimore Graphic Arts
League s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06
Divine Guidance Necessary

Divine Guidance Necessary
To the Editor of The Star
Perhaps the many problems that face the
world today and cause much misundertand-
ing, misery and fear could more easily be
solved If the men who meet at the con-
ference tables would realize that men alone
do not have the power to alter existing
conditions until they submerge their egos
and in humility and sincerity call upon God
for guidance in making wise and just de-
cisions, for it is only through ,recognizing that
any power we have comes from this source
and only when we appeal to this higher
knowledge will we be able to live in truth,
justice and peace. ANNE r. BATTLEY.
Moonlight Cruises for the Soldiers
To the Editor of The Star
Mrs Anna Lansburg informs me that the
many invitations to moonlight cruises, received
by the military personnel at National Air
port, are due to your generous aid in publiciz-
ing the various groups and organizations which
make such trips possible.
I cannot tell you how much the men enjoy
these trips but on behalf of the entire organi-
cation wish to extend to you and your staff
my sincere thanks. At all times the provision
of recreation for the men is Of high impor-
lance and your assistance Is invaluable.
CARL M MELTON
Captain, U. S. A. F., So. Cmdr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

To the Editor Of The Star.
Far be it from me to criticize Alice Evers-
man, who. it is to be assumed, surely must
know her composers, or she could not hold
the position of music editor on so estimable
a paper as The Star. And am not being
sarcastic, only humbly apologize in pointing
out what obviously was an error For am
sure it must have been a slip OF the pen
, when she wrote, in The Star Of July 81, in
reporting the concert at the Water Gate. that
Miss Swarthout sang, mon occur SQUIRE
ia voix' from Massenet's Samson ct Delilah.'
I am not familiar with Massenet's works and
might have accepted this statement had I
not already known Samson ct Delilah" to
have been written by Saint-Saens Besides,
the name of Saint-Saens appeared on the
program opposite the name OF the musical
selection Mon occur SQUIRE ia voix."
Could it be possible that Miss Eversman had
an "understudy" who reported this particular
concert and who got the composers mixed up?
MRS ROBERT TAYLOR
Editors note Please excuse this slip OF the
pen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

O. Who was the first Negro player in the
American League? E. E.
A. who's Who in Major League Baseball
states that Larry Dolby is the first colored
player to enter the American League He is
listed among the regulars of the Cleveland
Indians.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

O. How many species of insects can be found
in an average back yard? A. j. M.
A. DR.. Frank Lutz of the American Museum
of Natural History undertook to find out how
many species of insects he could collect in his
back yard He lives in a suburb Of New York
City and his yard is only rs by 200 feet In that
small area he observed and collected 1,402
species of insects
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

@. What is the capacity Of the gas tank
of a racing car like the ones that take part in
the Indianapolis race? J. G.
A. The capacity of gasoline tanks on racing
cars varies with the ideas of the builder and
varies from Is to 10 gallons.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

O. What were Doukhobors?-N r. p.
A. The Doukhobors were members Of re-
ligious sect Of Russian peasants, opposed TO
war and to the use of the labor of animals.
The name signifies "spirit-fghters." Later
they adopted the name Christians of the Uni
versal Brotherhood" At the end of the 18th
century they were driven by persecution to
emigrate in large numbers to Canada and
Cyprls
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

@. Is it possible to can fruit successfully In
an electric oven? A. ]. G.
A. The Bureau of Human Nutrition and
Home Economics of the Department Of Agri-
culture does not approve of oven canning.
whether the stove in question be electric, gas.
or other type.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-06

@. Under the present Federal income tax
law may person who earns $500 year be
classed as dependent? Is the exemption for
a dependent $500 or 5000? E. H. P.
A. A person is not classed as dependent
If he earns $500. However he is not subject
to income tax unless he earns $500. The old
restriction of $500 to determine dependency is
still in effect.
Evening star., 1948-09-08
DR.. Copeland Explains
New Cancer Aids

Medical science now is in that
phase where we can prolong the life
comfortably of many cancer vic
tins, even in the presence of the
dread disease, according to Dr. Muir
ray M Copeland, professor of oncol-
ogy at the Georgetown University
Medical Center.
DR.. Copeland, addressing the Civ
itan Club at a Mayf1ower Hotel
luncheon yesterday, outlined new
diagnostic and trea atment methods.
which only give us indications of
the dawn Of a new era" in treat
ment.
Many of the new methods, such as
use of radioisotopes to locate and
treat malignant cell areas of the
body, still are in the experimental
stage, he emphasized. At present,
he said, the two common methods of
treatment still are surgery and de-
struction of cancer cells by X-ray
and other radiation.
One of the greatest steps in i'm
provement Of cancer diagnosis, DR..
Copeland said, has been new means
Of studying cells in heretofore In
accessible areas Of the body An
other important step in the attack
on cancer is education, DR.. Copeland
said. Georgetown is one of the
first schools to open a department
of oncology-the science of tumors.
Another important development, he
said, is the growth Of cancer detec-
ton clinics. One, opened at George
town yesterday. raised the total to
five such clinics in the city.