davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Misses Suits Greatly Reduced

Large spring suits in variety styles fabrics
Tailored dressmake box Jackets straight ared
skirts Gabardines wOStedS tweeds in Solids glen paids
checks other type mixtures All 1907 wool Blue green
brown, black. Broken Sizes
$ s2975 Now $3.50 2S-were sl35 and s1oo Now
75-were $6975 and $40 rs Now.
Evening star., 1948-04-29

Short Rayon Velveteen Evening
Wraps. Were s4975. Now,
S1S.75
Short Gold Printed Lame
Jacket. Was s75. Now s37.2s
W&L-Misses' Formal Wear,
Third Floor
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Toilet Goods
Reduced

48 Boxes Assorted initiated Soap.
cakes per box. Were 81. Now SIC
1S Lipsticks, assorted shades.
Were S1.20. Now Soc
"a Shave Lotions. Were S2.4O.
NuW Sl.AV
IL Shave Lotions, 8 ounce. Were
$4.20. Now sale
1S Mems Cologne, ounce. Were
IA Mems Talcum. Were s1.80.
Now 90c
IA Mems Deodorants, ounce.
Were s2.40. Now SI.20
Is Andalusia, eau de parfum, 2
ounce. Were $1g8. Now SEC
"a Andalusia eau de parfum, 4
ounce. Were $3.50. Now sI.so
Price includes 20&o tar
W&L-Toiletries, Aisle Il and 16,
First Floor.
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Blouses, S5.75

Were H.95 TO SI69S
Jewel, classic and bow neck
lines. Long and short sleeves.
Some with lace and stitch
ing detail. 81 to 3S.
W&L-Blouses, Third Floor
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Misses Dresses
$3.50

We're SI6.95, Sl295
60 misses dresses in rayOn
sanchille, crepe and rayon
gabardine. Sizes IL to 20.
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Walnut Room
Fashions Reduced

Dinner and formal gowns.
bridal gowns, bridesmaid
and ballerina styles. Satins,
taffetas, rayons, Iaces. As
sorted cOlorS, misses sizes.
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Women's Spring Coots Reduced

Full styles in weeds camesha
or sharmoor in natural peach, yellow pink blue.
17-were s85 $4s.75. , s,,s - s,oo ,, s-r
-"eie si|' w @ioo '(o" 30
Evening star., 1948-04-29

1 Size 2.3x4.11 Beauvais. Was
$3.50. Now .----------.- S1.95
l Size 1.6x2.3 Claridge. Green.
Was $3.75. Now W------------ 81
1 Size 1.10x16.11 Duratwist. Rose. .
Was S2995, Now $685.
Size 23x2.2 Beauvais. Was $5.95.
NoW 9Jc
1 Size 2.3x2.2 Monroe. Taupe.
Was $3.95. Now .----------- Csc
Size 3x3 Sculptex. Rose. Was
S11.75. Now ------------- S2.95
1 Size 23x3.2 Serenade. Rose.
Was $995. Now w---- $195
l Size 2.3x4.5 Beauvais. Bound.
Was $1,000. Now ---- S2.75
l Size 9X2.11 Cassandra. Red.
Was $32.85. Now w-------- S11.95
l Size 2.3x3.4 BrambIe. Gray.
Was $1275. Now S2.95
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Mems Fur Felt Hats
Now S2.95 We're $40

IS wide brim, m e d iu m
brown, tan bound edges, pre-
creased styles. Sizes 67s to
rs.
W&L-Men's Hats and Shoes,
Second Floor.
Evening star., 1948-04-29

W&L-Pictures, Frames and
Mirrors, Seventh Floor
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Misses Roineoots Reduced

Tailored dresmaker styles Some nylon fabric in
fitted coats Others Utility coat in wool part
1909 wool gabardine Several with zip Innings for all
weather
1O-wee S25. 11-were $35
6-were s25 Now s875 3-were
WaL-Womens Misses Suits
Evening star., 1948-04-29
MiII Seconds Of Wool Competing
at Substantial Savings

Patterns include 18th Century Orals modern
effect and carved texture Assorted cOlors.
15x1s. 1862 So S9775 1 Was s3l972
12x911. Was $18345 Now
S14747 27x54"
12xl31. Was s23047 Now 9x106
$154A7 9xl2. Were S7945
Mill seconds of wool broadoom carpeting Prices
quoted for square yard.
Evening star., 1948-04-29

42'9 Nine-foot width. Dusty rose.
Was $9.95. Now S6.95
24'9 Nine-foot width. Mauve-
white. Was $685.. Now S4.95
"a" Twenty-seven inches wide.
Gray. Linear yard. Was S7.95.
Now $685.
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Misses Royon Crepe Dresses
Resort Fashions Reduced

Silk Polka Dot Prints. 10, IL,
IA. Were $l10. Now $3.50
l Navy and White Sheer Rayon
Print. 16. Was S135. Now, $3.50
White Crepe, Floral Design. IL.
Was $165. Now $3.50
Evening star., 1948-04-29
Misses Prints Reduced

Soft wool and rayOn crepes.
terms on light or dark backs
were $22.75. Now $3.50
10 were $49.75 to $69.75 Now,
$33.75
Evening star., 1948-04-29

W&L-Floor Coverings, Sixth Floor
Evening star., 1948-04-29

W&L-Negligees, Third Floor
Evening star., 1948-04-29

v&L-Women's Dresses, Third Floor
Evening star., 1948-04-29

W&L-Sportswear, Third Floor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

Numidia so that his spies work
would be facilitated. To keep the
secret, one envoy publicly slapped
a patrician co-worker who was on
the verge of being discovered. The
trick worked No one believed one
Roman would hit another.
Other early practitioners may have
lacked polished techniques and or
ganization, but they never lacked
workers. The Mogul rulers of
India hired garbage collectors to
spy, figuring the scavengers could
get into every home and easily
find out who wasn't satisfied with
the government.
The Moguls had a network which
stretched across Asia into Europe
and played no little part in achiev-
ing historic sweeps. So well or
ganized were the undercover agents
that in 1888, Gen. Subutai, on the
Chinese border, was able to knock
the bottom out Of the herring mar
ket In England when the whisper
spread he was heading westward.
A state police spy. system was
introduced into 18th century France
~ Charles Y. Henry vH q 1ne-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

| crimes court and succeeded In block
ing 4 treaty.
The French revolution uncovered
one Of the most INSCRIPTIONS oper-
ators of all time, q man who liked
himself called Comte Maurice de
Montgalliard. He served both
Robespierre and the Royalists stimuli
taneously.
When Bonaparte set up shop, he
had Joseph Fouche organize vast
network. Two Of Pouches lieuten-
ants are generally credited with
creating and perfecting counter
espionage-setting spies to catch
spies. When Fouche later was
ousted, he dramatically emphasized
his work by destroying records and
losing the lists Of his chief opera
tives.
To Pouches harassed successor.
Gen. Savary, however. went the
credit Of presenting Napoleon with
Kari Schulmeister, one Of. the clev-
crest OF military spies. In 1905
schulmeister was able to become
~ Austrian slaisf q intelligence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15
By WiIliom Glover

NEW YoRK.-The spy business
just isn't what it used to be.
Time was, you had to be a king
or general-maybe an empress
to get into the work. The rulers
started handing the job around
Since then all kinds Of people have
been spies.
From Delilah to Mata Hari, from
Cyrus to the Nazi U-boat saboteurs
Of 1912 and the Canada atom bomb
spies, they form a motley company
The congressional investigation Is
the 1948 example of how nations
have currently awakened to spies
and had spy scares.
In the gray shadowland of espio-
mage, boundary lines are hard to
define. In the clear at one end are
police detection and wartime in
telligence: Down In the depths at
the other are fifth columns"
Old Mithridates vi Of Pontus,
like Haroun-Al-Rashid in Baghdad
later on, put himself at the head
Of his own spy system. Got a kick
4 lt Of 1t. So did Alfred the Great,
Probably Ne original British agent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15
History Records Many Examples of Booes Conquest by Espionage

He disguised himself as q Dane
and visited the Morse camp to size
up the threat against West Saxony
Alexander (also the Great got the
bright idea of having his generals
write home just as he invaded Asia
Then he read all the letters and was
able to eliminate dissident ano
faint-hearted elements.
Early Practitioners
Other conquerors took a direct
hand in espionage and the art OF
bloodless conquest. Cyrus of Persia
in 500 BIC. was able to get in touch
with favorably inclined residents OF
Babylon and so took the city with
out one spear being hurled.
I The Romans quickly learned
about espionage from the Greeks
Emperors Commodus and Caracalla
organized highly perfected civilian
spy systems and Empress Theodors
in the later Byzantine Empire
stayed on the throne with Justinian
through the assistance of her spy
and-quick- Justice system.
Scipio Africanus, another Roman
added q refinement by staging hip
louaatas talks with The KIM q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

Somehow, the Austrians lost tn.
war.
There was a spying field day dur.
ing the American Civil War. Or
the Confederate side were, among
others, Mrs. Rose Greenhow, oper-
ating q spy headquarters in the
heart of Washington, and Belle
Boyd. The war brought out the
ladies In force. for on the Union
side possibly the most important
single spy was Miss Elizabeth Van
Lew, who worked in Richmond.
An Army of Spies
As modern Germany emerged
another top name in spy history
was playing a major role. Wilhelm
Stieber, who introduced the tech
nique of agent provocateur, was In
England In 1851 to watch Karl Mari
and other exiled radicals. In 1856
he led q research expedition for
Bismarck into Austria, and Their
helped pave the speedy Franco
Prussian War by working in France
for Is months. He boosted he had
10000 resident agents awaiting the
invasion.
Ols6nasal - ~ Asssssstsd prsaa)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

that imitation can be alleviated by
lowering supports to the farmers
are barking up the wrong tree. The
only real and lasting cure for infia-
ton lies in expanded production"
How did We get in this sort of
fix?
At the end of World War I, food
prices skyrocketed much as they
have been doing in the past two
years. But, with a sickening thud
they collapsed in 1920. Then for a
decade they were fairly steady, COL
lapsing again as the Nation fell into
the great depression. With it came
foreclosures by the thousands. FL
nally the beginnings were made on
farm program to end the uncer-
tainty. of being farmer-or at least
to palliate it.
The chief plan was to put a
floor" under farm prices by having
the Government guarantee to buy
any of the major crops at Ger
tain reasonable price. But gradually
to omit a lot of the intricate his
tory, the floor-now called the sup
port price-moved upward.
How the Law Works
To figure the support price a
parity price is worked out. This
is price designed to reflect what it
cost the farmer to produce his crop
in a previous normal period, in
Guiding taxes, equipment costs and
so on. The support price then is
set at a certain specific percentage
of parity.
In the last two years, of course,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

market prices received by the farm
ers were generally higher than the
support prices. There were excep-
tons in which the Government had
to lay lot of cash on the line and
take lot of public criticism: Eggs,
some tobacco and especially pota-
toes.
The law now in effect, and which
continues until the end of next year,
requires the Government to sup
port" the price of all these COM
modities at 80 per cent of parity:
Wheat, corn, rice, peanuts. tobacco.
Cotton is now supported at 921a
Ger cent but drops back to 80 per
cent next January /. For wheat the
cash figure comes out to 81 a
bushel.
The Agriculture Department for
some time has urged Congress to
pass e long-range farm program
with support prices flexible rather
than rigid. The Senate did pass
such q bill, the Aiken bill, but the
House voted only to extend present
laws for a year. In the early dawn
Of June 20, when Republican Party
leaders were keeping the phones
busy from Philadelphia telling the
Republicans on the Hill they must
pass some sort of farm bill, q COM
promise" was effected.
The compromise" was to pile the
Aiken bill on top of the House bill,
bearing the name of Chairman Hope
of the Agriculture Committee. Thus,
the present law goes on for another
year before the flexible system can
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

land was similarly preoccupied, but
the British got their first truly ma
tional secret service when Sir
Francis Washington came along.
Queen Elizabeth's Moor" he pro-
tected her from assassin plots, kept
an eye on Mary Stuart. and his
agents first sighted the Spanish
armada.
Whisper Men of France
Other greats In the history of
espionage included Due de Richie
lieu, who firmly established the
Bourbons on the French throne
with no little assistance from
whisper men. John Thurloe did
a major job of undercover policing
Oliver Cromwell into power. Louis
XIV, cashing in on Charles lis
penchant for lovely ladies, used .
femme fatale rs an agent to per-
suade the Britisher into an un-
popular alliance.
The next Louis pulled q switch
In order to split Russia and Eng
land. Chevalier Charles DION, one
OF the greats Of espionaSxA went
disguiseA - . WemAA - .OetA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

begin. The Agriculture Department
complains that the result 'handi-
caps US seriously" In delaying the
flexible provisions.
Senator Aiken produced some fig
ures, worked out by Agriculture. to
show what the result today would
be If his bill were now in effect.
This is his story on wheat:
An Incentive Price
Under the present program,
which guarantees 80 per cent of par
ity to the wheat grower for next
year, it is estimated that the sup
port level Of wheat will be 81 q
bushel. 1t is also estimated that
on January l there will be ZIG per
cent Of normal supply of wheat in
this country. Mote: This esti-
mate preceded last weeks new
higher wheat crop prediction)
Two dollars q bushel will I'M
questionably prove to be an incen-
tive price for the raising of wheat
next year. According to the best
estimates, by January / wheat will
be in surplus. It means that with
fairly good weather next year there
will be enough wheat produced I'M
der TIN n guas1nty so that there
Eis i strong PROBABILITY that quotas
may have ID be} imposed on the pro-
duction Of wheat for the year 1850.
That would be most unfortunate.
I do not believe that the growers
want it at all.
Nevertheless, If we go through
with . high support price level for
another year, that will be the result.
If the long-range farm program
were in effect, the growers would be
guaranteed a minimum price-and
here again I want to make it plain
that this is according to the best
estimates obtainable-of $l.43 a
hushel. That would be subject to
an increase in the event of poor
weather or short crop, or other. con-
ditions.
Food Prices Stay Up
If there were a short supply next
year, or conditions were bad, the
price of $l.43 could be increased;
but with normal conditions the
guaranty to the wheat grower next
year would be s143 or 4 little more. .
What the Senator is saying, then,
is that if the more flexible program
were in effect-fiexible because it
has q maximum and q minimum
support price dependent on the
available supply of the crop-wheat
prices today would be dropping.
On the markets last week wheat
was selling for around 1925 bushel
almost exactly the support price
considering the freight charges in
volved. The farmer is certain Of
getting this price; he has no reason
to sell for less. There is one excep-
ton, wheat which cannot meet the
Agriculture Departments storage
requirements which are one of the
rules of the support policy. But no
one knows just how much of this
distress" wheat there is in relation
to the total crop.
II the Aiken plan were in effect,
then, wheat today probably would
be tumbling down another rs cents
or so to the lower support figure.
With 1t would come lower -four and
bread and, in time, meat, poultry
and egg prices, since corn would no
doubt follow the same trend.
Last winter the price of wheat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

topped q . bushel. Since then, ..
crop prospects both At home ant
abroad have frightened, 1t ha.
tumbled, ~ 1t should, to around
$2.25. But the reverse has been tru.
with food prices to the consumer
and they are still going up.
A price Of $143 . bushel may moi
look so rosy compared to So, espe.
cially when the farmer muses. over
his higher labor costs, taxes, higher
price tags on farm machinery and
the other things he buys from city
folks. But 1t looks awfully good
compared to the low OF A cents
the average for the Kansas City
No. 2 hard winter variety in 1881.
Wants to Level OFF Peaks
Senator Aiken wants to prevent
a return of the 47-cent variety; he
wants to- level of the peaks and
the valleys that have plagued wheat
prices. He knows the price must be
right" from the standpoint OF both
the consumer and taxpayer. He
knows that If the huge grain crops
materialize and the Government has
to spend billions in the coming year
to keep the prices up, there will be
an uproar from across the land the
like Of which the farmer has not
heard in many a year.
One angle should not be forgot
ten-exports. Last year we strug-
gled and saved, even cut down on
whisky production. and shipped
some 10000, 100000 bushels of
wheat abroad, mostly to Marshall
Plan nations. There were loud
wailings that such huge exports
would "starve' Americans, if this
years crop was failure. Instead,
it turns out, we face a surplus, even
a glut.
ECA has indicated it will take ad-
vantage Of the bigger supply to step
up its export goals though they will
be below last years since Europe will
be able to provide a much larger
grain crop of its own. Already there
is talk around ECA that the Euro
peans may be forced" to take more
wheat to help whittle down the
domestic surplus in this country.
Matter for Congress
Hence If things go along as now
indicated, we may soon find those
who last year were demanding q
limit on exports now demanding q
stepping up of exports.
Involved in this is the now lapsed
international wheat agreement
which, its hackers at the Agriculture
DCPdI tAAACllt SldAl1l, "oulu IldfC 3 ud1
anteed a market for at least 1885,
100000 bushels Of wheat at So q
bushel this year and at gradually re-
duced figures for four succeeding
years. The agreement mayor may
not-be renegotiated next year, de-
pending in large part, no doubt, on
our own wheat situation at that
time.
But one thing seems certain as OF
today, that when the new Congress
arrives on January 3 and the new
President on January 20, they are
likely to find themselves confronted
with a major agricultural crisis, one
calling for an overhaul of the Gov
ernment's part in trying to make
the farmers life a better one, with
out bringing down the wrath of the
city workers who so greatly out
number them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

grains, beginning with wheat, won,
drop that way.
The reason: Government pric.
support.
The result: The Government may
end up with billions Of dollars in.
vested in grain crops in an effort tt
keep the prices from falling-whilt
city folk are still crying for lower
retail price tags.
The further result could be the
pitting of the farmer, now a definite
minority in the Nation in numbers
but not In political influence
against the urban populat ton.
Annoyed Mild Word
Senator Aiken told the Senate the
day before the recent special ses-
sion ended that II feel that the con-
sumner and the taxpayer will become
annoyed at us If We go through, as
we have already agreed to do, with
this high support level for another
year"
Annoyed is. indeed, mild word
for it-especially since consumer
and taxpayer" are pretty much
synonymous. Anybody could be ex-
pected to be annoyed if he had to
take money out Of his taxpayer"
pocket to subsidize farm prices at
such a high level that the con-
sumer' pocket is kept practically
bare paying for the food the farmer
produces under the subsidy program.
Here are additional words of con-
Germ from Senator Aiken, the mild
hammered Vermonter who hardly
can be called anything if not the
farmers friend:
But I regard 1t as most unfor-
tunate that we have to go through
another year guaranteeing 50 a
bushel for wheat, because it is al
most certain to result in a ire
mendous overproduction unless we
have very bad weather conditions,
and it will have very fortunate eff
feet upon the whole farm support
price program.
IF the support prices on grains
were lowered somewhat there would
be greater encouragement to feed
grains and to market them in the
form of meat, dairy products and
poultry products; and in the long
run that undoubtedly would prove
to be of benefit to the farmers and
the consumers alike.
Worried About Reaction
Il feel that if we only could have
this long range price-support pro-
gram take effect January l, 1949,
instead of January l, 1850, it would
have a greater effect on controlling
imitation than all the measures
which We are likely to approve at
this special session of Congress.
Those are the words of a worried
man, worried because public re-
action-essentially the urban re-
action-to the high Government
price support figures may be so
violent as to result in the ruination
of the support program.
Only this past Friday the head of
one of the Big Four farm organiza-
tons. President Allan Kline of the
American Farm Bureau Federation,
expressed the same worry.
Those who believe he said,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-08-15

TO January /. 1850. At that time,
unless the law is modified, the more
flexible Aiken farm support program
goes into effect.
What Is Responsible?
The facts available today are
causing wrinkles of worry on the
brows of Agriculture Department
officials, farm leaders, Senator
Aiken, who is the Senate's farm
legislation chief, and many others.
The Wall Street Journal this past
week discussed the colossal corn
and wheat crop prospects just esti-
mated by the Agriculture Depart
ment, under an editorial headed, "A
Calamity of Abundance, and con-
cluded:
Farm products are mainly food
stuffs and food prices are basic in
the price-wage structure. Abundant
crops are ripening in the fields.
According to our national policy,
embeddeds in complicated statutes by
Democrats and Republicans alike, a
bumper crop is a national calamity"
How is this possible? Why have
the laws of supply and demand ap-
parently gone haywire?
If you complain about the high
price of meat and of every other
food you purchase today, you have
a right to expect lower prices will
result from the coming big crops.
The American Meat Institute. at
its most conservative best, guessed
this past week that it will take
about a year" before the additional
corn turns up on the meat counter
in the form of pork chops and two
or more years" before beef supplies
are increased by the new corn crop.
Public Impatient
Others figure pork prices should
reflect the corn situation, in some
part at least, in a few months and
beet by next spring or summer.
But the public, impatient with
today's price tags to the point OF
sputtering buyers strikes, wants the
lower prices now. With a national
election coming November 2, the
situation is open to all sorts of
political oemagoguery.
The fac of the matter is that the
United States, assuming the current
crop-weather holds, is heading out
of the current shortage period into
"a surplus period. The Economic
Cooperation Administration indi-
Gated this past week that exports
of wheat and other grains will be
larger than originally figured, but
still under last years super totals.
Thus, despite continued big ex-
ports, there will be much larger
amount of grain available for
human and animal feed in the
United States before the end of the
current fiscal year, next June 3d.
In free market. the price of
wheat, which generally sets the pace
for all grains, should fall. Soon
bread prices in retail stores should
fall-and the price of -four and all
the varied grain products, down to
breakfast foods with the wondrous
box tops for the kidoies.
But the chances are the prices of