davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-11-01
stors, Men and Atoms
Black Light Measurement
May Help Weather Study
Navy Now Can Gauge Absorption
In 7 Miles of Atmosphere
By Thomas r. Henry

The black light absorption Of miles Of the
earth's atmosphere has just been measured
for the frst time by Navy scientists.
1t may prove powerful new tool for weather
forecasting, make possible the first reliable
estimates of the temperature of the suns outer
atmosphere and help astronomers interpret
light messages from outer space.
After more than two years of preparation
the Navy physicists, headed by DR.. Roger s.
Estey Of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory and
DR.. John Strong of Johns Hopkins University.
were able to record the variations in the suns
infrared spectra at 5,o00-foot levels up to 35,-
600 feet. They studied wide band Of in
visible light wave lengths ranging from one
,micron, about 25th of 1,000th of an inch,
which is just below the longest visible red
light, to 20 microns.
Absorption Is Factor.
Above $4,000 feet essentially all the infrared
radiated by the sun In the earth's direction is
received. Below this level various wave
lengths are absorbed by different constituents
OF the atmosphere, the amount depending on
the amount of the absorbing material present.
Most notable Of these is water vapor. 1t cuts
of from the earth's surface the greater part
OF the suns black light with wave lengths
longer than 16 microns. Hence the amount
received on the surface becomes a pretty ac-
curate indicator of the degree Of saturation
OF the atmosphere up to the point where 1t Is
too cold for water vapor to exist.
Thus forecasters are provided with what Is
essentially barometer" of the entire atmos-
phere About $4,000 feet of this is so tenuous
that its immediate effect on weather condi-
tions becomes negligible.
second major element in cutting of infra-
red light, the Navy scientists found, was the
gas carbon dioxide, upon which all light
depends. Two wave-lengths. four and is
microns, were filtered out Of the black light
by this gas, 1t was learned. Thus the amount
of these waye-lengths reaching the earth be-
comes a measure Of the concentration OF
carbon-dioxi in the atmosphere. An unex-
pected finding was that there was 50 much
Of 1t even at the 35,O00-feet level
Greater Accuracy Possible. ..e.
The total amount Of black light radiated by
the sun is an index of the actual temperature
of the radiating surface. This generally has
been estimated to be about 5000 degrees
centigrade. No great change is expected in this
figure but it may be made considerably more
accurate.
Dificulty of measuring the atmosphere's
altering effect on black light in the past has
been due to the weight and intricacy Of the
necessary apparatus. Even the most sensitive
Photographic plate detects only the shorter
wave-lengths of this radiation 1t is necessary
to use an infrared spectro-meter weighing
about 800 pounds and extremely delicate. This
is altogether too great a weight to be carried
into the upper atmosphere by rocket.
The Navy tests were made with an Air Force
B-2s. flown from Andrews Field near WASH
ington to Great harrington, Mass.
Evening star., 1948-11-01
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

Q. OF what is the chrysanthemum a. SYMBOL
w. NJ ".
A. In China the chrysanthemum is the
emblem of autumn and the symbol of joviality.
This is probably due. to- the fact that the
harvest season is one of joy over crops that
have been safely gathered. 81
40. Is the metric system used in most coun-
tries?-E. r. K.
A. Scientific men the world over use the
decimal metric system for weights and
measures and many countries besides France,
In which it originated, have adopted it for
trade and commerce and all, the purposes Of
daily life as we'll In fact, the English.
speaking countries are the only progressive
countries which have not yet adopted the
metric system for all purposes. Chief objecp
ton to the shift is that it would entail
changes in scales, MAPS textbooks, direction
signs and some equipment and that the cost
would be great.
@. Is Michael Arlen the real name Of the
author?-C. 0. E.
A. Michael Arlen is pseudonym. The
He Is an Armenian pyA Abirth but became q
naturalized British subject In 1922.
Q. What is the origin Of the word "legend"f
&C. r. McN.
A. Originally. it meant story to be read
IN the cnurcneS ana early legenuS uealt WlCn
holy persons. The word is now chiefly used
of story that is not recorded in history but
handed down by word of mouth.
q. Please give the titles of some Of Kipling's
poems that have been set to music?-M. Med.
A. A partial list is as follows: 'Mandalay,"
"Ciunga Din," Gypsy Trail" Rolling Down
to Rio" Mother O. Mine" Sons Of Martha"
"The Thousandth Man," Danny Deever,"
Hymn Before Action" 'The Camel's Hump"
"The Recessional."
Q. Are there any special rules for sewing
plastic fabrics on a sewing machine?-E. NJ T.
A. When sewing plastics adjust the machine
so that the stitches are long-about seven to
the inch-and use fine needle and mercerized
thread
@. Why was Tuesday specified as the day on
which the presidential election was to be
heid?-O. E. B.
A. The first Tuesday after the frst Monday
in November was originally selected for various
reasons. one Of which was that there should be
no danger Of the election falling on the first Of
the month, when it might be inconvenient for
businessmen to vote. In an earlier day 1t was
sometimes necessary to make arrangements to
travel to the polling place, and II the election
day had been Monday, it might have necessi-
tated travel on Sundays which, az one time,
was Objectionable to many persons.
Evening star., 1948-11-01
Six-Year Term Advocated

To the Editor Of The Star:
Is 1t not appalling and pathetic that two
Christian men should spend fortunes to gather
the people together to berate each other ana
to tell the world how wrong our Government
is? Does it not support what the Communists
are saying?
Let's make law giving each President one
term OF six years In ofice, thus saving our
country from some Of the election campaign
attacks made upon it by our highest omciais.
a''S-- P.H.B.
Evening star., 1948-11-01
Encroachment on States Rights .

Encroachment on States Rights .
To the Editor of The STAR
In the New York Times for January 20, 1924,
there appeared very significant article on
States. rights by one Of Massachusetts, we'll
known writer's, Gamaliel Bradford, the author
of Confederate Portraits" in which he warns
Of the danger Of the enroachment of Federal
power now imQlinent.
Mr.. Bradford said: "Of all the great politi-
cal questions pressing upon this country for
solution today none Is more important-and I
say it adyisedly-thAn the relation of the State
and Federal governments. The encroachment
OF the Federal power has been so steady and
SO slow that few stop to realize the radical
changes it involves and fewer still to consider
how these changes may best be met. This con-
dition Of things is much aggravated by the
comparative lack of State feeling in the great
new States of the middle and western region,
which naturally have not and cannot have the
historic tradition that obtains in the East and
South.
Common sense seems constantly to be indi-
eating the increase Of Federal power Take all
forms of business law, and interstate commerce.
take education. take divorce, take the regu-
'lating of professional practice In law and
medicine. In all these things it seems mere
impractical folly to have 48 different SYST
TENS when one would do the work far more
efficiently and practically. Under the pressure,
of this common-sense instinct the strength of
Federal influence has been steadily growing
ever since the Constitution was adopted It
was the protest against this tendency which
largely animated the thinking men of the
South in the Civil War, however slavery may
have been the immediate provoking cause of
the great contest. And the result of the Civil
War was to increase immensely the Federal
power and influence.
Now, you may urge the practical Importance
of Federal control as much as you please
The fact remains that this Government was
established primarily by the States, and with
the distinct understanding that local govern
ment was to remain with the States. As q
matter Of fact local government does and
must remain largely with the States. The
dangerous aspect Of the matter is that, as
every year sees the gradual increase In vigor
and dominance of the Government at Wash
ington, so there is an even greater correspond
ing tendency to weaken and degrade the State
governments. Biennial elections, falling upon
the same year as the national, greatly aggra-
vate this tendency. And unless some remedy
can be found for 1t, unless the people at large
can be made to understand that their most
vital interests are still today regulated by the
State and that they must consequently see to
it that the State governments are reinvigo-
rated and rejuyenated, 1t Is dinicult to over
estimate the peril to which our whole system
Is exposed" ADELAIDE r. TRENT. &
Evening star., 1948-11-01
Not All Jews VoteAs Jews

To the Editor Of The Star:
Your fine editorial entitled Politics and
Palestine" deserves some cemAnt There is
little doubt that all preside6al candidates
have played politics with theS Salestine issue,
and that certain extremist tAorganizations,
notably the American ZiotH Emergency
Council. have attempted to exA undue pres
sure through the threat of The so-called
Jewish vote" But I am certA, that while
there were some Americans oNJewish faith
who cast their ballots on the sis of which
candidate promises to do mostfor the State
Of Israel. the vast majority vot8according to
which candidate they believe s&uld be best
for the American people. Most americans OF
Jewish faith, just like Americas Of other
faiths, must be In accord with q declaration
Evening star., 1948-11-01

OF former President Of the United States,
Woodrow Wilson. who said: aYou cannot be-
come true Americans II you think Of your
selves in groups. America does not consist Of
groups A man who thinks Of himself as
belonging to particular national group in
America has not yet become an American.
And the man who goes among you to trade
upon your nationality is not worthy to live
under the Stars and Stripes"
ALFRED M LIIIENTHAL,
Evening star., 1948-11-01
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
1ortter, although 1t Is permissible for
a 1oriter knoton to The Star to use
nom de plume. Please be briet.
Evening star., 1948-11-01
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question Of
fact by writing The washington Star Information
Bureau 316 stree. NE, Washington 2, d. c.
Please inclose cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1948-11-01
Likes Washington Real Well

To the Editor of The Star:
If the people of Washington have read
"Alice in Wonderland" they can reminisce
with just as much fun with another Alice in
a different kind of wonderland
I am from the sunny South, Atlanta and
have always contended that hospitality was our
original concoction, but am proud to admit
that it is very prevalent here. Since my ar
rival have been treated very graciously and
warmly welcomed in many circles here In
churches, stores, banks and by the general
public. take of my hat to our sister city
Washington.
The people who live here probably take the
city for granted, yet 1t is not only pleasure
to live here and enjoy the many interesting
sights and buildings, but it is privilege to
live in the Nations Capital around which
the events of the world revolve and be part
OF so many Interesting and educational events
Nature really has welded her paint brush
and tinted every tree and bush for fall in
such lovely colors and the old Potomac is
just sight never tire of, and am looking
forward to next summer when I can 60 on q
moonlight cruise.
I came to Washington because I wanted to
and am glad did and take this opportunity,
through the kindness Of The Star, to thank
Washington people for putting the welcome
mat at the door. MRS. LILLIAN w. KAYE.
Evening star., 1948-11-01
Democrats and D. C.. Suffrage

Democrats and D. c. Suffrage
To the Editor of The Star:
On October 49, President Truman made an
address at Pittsburgh In one part Of his
speech he said THE American people have
the right to know where stand and where
my opponent stands on the issues that affect
every person in this country. The people
know where I stand"
Back in March. 1888, some folks remember
reading in The Star where a Senator from
Kansas drew up q bill providing votes
for Washingtonians. He could not get 1t
passed. And in the 1910 and 1914 platforms
the Democratic Party promised the people of
Washington the vote On September IS, 1945,
when Democrats had full control Of both
houses of Congress and the White House. .
Democratic leader said this: II would like to
call your attention to the fact that in the
platform OF 1910 there appeared these two
statements: We favor the extension of the
of Columbia, and feel that democracy is more
than political system for the government of
the people; it is the expression of the peoples
faith in themselves as human beings, and If
this case is permitted to fail, human progress
will die with it,"
In 1914 this plank appeared in the platform:
"We favor the extension of the right of
suffrage to the people of the District of CO.
lumbia"
It seems that the words of the New Deal
leaders soon are forgotten. -
Some folks think 1t is time the people had a
new leader, in the White House.
tr,. ~ DAVID r. MIDDLETONai
, 1948-07-22
us. WILL NOT.

correspondents to quote him
directly, which is said to be
unusual for a Secretary Of
State. He said the United
States intends to stay in Ber-
lin under any circumstances
but will seek a peaceful solu-
ton.
Suggestions have been made
to run a train through the
blockade under an armed es-
cort. This would be done only
as a last resort should an APP
peal to the United Nations fail.
British Foreign Secretary
Ernest Bevin told parliment
that the British remains the
same and that his country is
in close touch with the u. S.,
reiterating the words of Sec
rotary Marshall, he said we
will not be coerced."
, 1948-07-22

the challenge we wont get
anywhere. Another liabil-
ity is our auto-sensitivity to
criticism; he does not believe
in non-constructive criticism,
but believes we should vel
come constructive ones. He
knows about criticism because
he had lived in a small town
before.
When he went away recent
ly he said he became a nuis-
ance among his friends as he
kept talking to them about
st. Croix; to prove his sincere
ity he and Mrs. Burnett have
selected here as their home.
, 1948-07-22
GEORGE BURNET.

small dams in similar manner
to certain places in Arizona
and Texas which fifty years
ago had the same trouble; to-
day they have developed into
the most fertile communities.
He believes that much Of this
should be done by private ini-
tiative but that the govern
ment should provide bull-do-
ger service free. All in all he
urges every Individual owner
to try to build up the value of
his land. Our old architecture
is definitely an asset & some
thing we should preserve and
take into consideration when
putting up new structures. He
pointed to the fact that arch
fleets from the mainland have
been admiring them and max
ing copies in some cases. The
buildings are practical and
cool, to suit the place.
Among the liabilities he said
one Of the worst things were
the young people leaving the
island. In any country in the
world where conditions were
bad it represented a challenge
to the population. 1t is for the
people to take up this chal-
lenge and if we fail to take up
, 1948-07-22
WILBUR MoTTA.

struments, including the Clar-
met, and has composed sever
al musical numbers, record
ings of which have been play
ed at the Jungle Casino, and
received heavy applause.
, 1948-07-22
ACT. ADM.


getting less than 500 of the
salary proposed under the
Merit System are brought up
to 500 of that figure. The Hos
pital Nurses have been regard
ed as the most underpaid
group and some relief has
been given them.
The Governor stated that
P%atrolmen, School teachers,
many of our clerks and other
groups are deserving Of in
creases as soon as possible.
Yet it would seem unfair to
increase one of these groups
without aiding the others.
The Governor has promised
that if funds are available
both he and the Council will
give priority consideration to
salary increases for aforemen-
toned groups. However, no
promises can be made until re-
venues for the period July l,
to December 81, 1913, have
been collected and it is deter
mined whether a small sur
plus can be anticipated.
Governor Haste denied the
charge made that Acting Di-
rector George Matthias had
failed to make proper appeals
and representations concern
ing the needs of the Police
Force. He said that some mem
bers of the force had been fall
bers of the force had been
falsely advised that the Direc-
tor had failed to present their
case.
Four members of the force
then presented their views to
the Governor and Acting Adj
ministrator, telling Of the hard
ships that faced them with the
rising cost of living.
There were about 20 mem
bers present; eleven from
Frederiksted district and nine
from Christiansted.
, 1948-07-22
TOTEM.

ence toward making it a
MUST bill before Congress adj
journs again"
Publication of the letter
was unavoidably delayed; it
will appear in another issue
of the Avis.
, 1948-07-22
ARAB. JEWISH.

three hundred observers, 125
each from the United States
and France and so from Bel
GUM, will see that the truce
is carried out.
Fighting between Jews and
Syrian troops continued for
the past three days, but is
said to be abating.
Evening star., 1948-09-15
Fur Workers
Continued From First Page.

Ehrenberg, Russian writer who visit
ed this country. Mr.. Lucchi said
the union had given a fur coat to
Mr.. Ehrenberg because it's cold
over there"
Gifts also were made to the secre-
tary of the italian Confederation of
Labor and his wife, who also were
visiting in this country. Mr. Lucchi
said the wife was given "a little fur
coat"
The fur workers, Mr.. Lucchi said,
mad pladged $4,000 to the campaign
Of the Progressive Party of Henry
Wallace, and he said that most of
the members probably would vote
for Mr.. Wallace. Mr. Lucchi was
represented at the hearing by Lee
Pressman. former general counsel
of the CIO who now is active in the
affairs of the Progressive Party.
Mr.. Pressman asked the committee
for opportunity to question fur man.
ufacturers who have told the COM
mlttee during the past week of the
hearing that Communists not only
dominate the CIO> union, but also
exert control over the entire in
dustry.
No Assurance of Answers.
Chairman Schwabe told Mr.. Press
man he could submit questions in
writing, but there would be no assur-
ance of answers.
During five days of hearings, Com
mittee Counsel John o. Graham has
asked fur manufacturers and other
industry spokesmen whether they
are. or ever have been, Communists.
Each witness has replied with a
prompt negative. One former union
officer testified he belonged to the
Communist Party until he was ex-
PEELED in 1884
Mr.. Schwabe said this procedure
has been followed to set a precedent,
and the subcommittee will recon-
mend contempt citations for any
witnesses who do not answer ques-
tions about their political sym
pathies.
Other witnesses called today in
cluded Sam Mencher, president of
the Fur Workers Joint Council:
Frank Bartolini and Joseph Karus,
presidents of fur workers locals;
Sam Burt, manager of the Fur
riers' Joint Board. and Frank
IMagnani and Samuel Minded, union
business agents.
Evening star., 1948-09-15
Funeral Here Tomorrow
For Samuel H. Bush, 50

Funeral services for Samuel H.
Bush, SO. former District resident
who died Sunday at his home in
Madison, Wis, will be held at pm.
tomorrow at the Hysong funeral
home, 1900 N street NV. Burial
will be in Cedar Hill Cemetery.
A native Of Lake Elmo, Mimi, Mr.
Bush came here in his youth and
was graduate Of the George Wash
.ington University Law School. He
entered the Forest Service here
after graduation. Since moving to
Madison in 1924, Mr.. Bush worked
for the service in Alaska and New
Mexico.
His widow is the former Edna
ShinE of this city, daughter of the
late Col. Charles M. Shinn. who was
city editor of The Star early in the
century and was a member of The
Star staff until he retired in 1881.
In addition to his widow. Mr..
Bush is survived by a daughter, a
son. three brothers and two sisters,
all of whom live in the West.
Evening star., 1948-09-15
kaharajah Of Jaipur
And Wife Here for
Sightseeing Visit

His Highness Saramad-i-Rajahai-
Hindustan Raj Rajendra Shri Ma
harajadhiraja Sir Sawai Man
Singh checked in for brief visit to
Washington yesterday with his
pretty young wife.
The visitor is the Maharajah OF
Jaipur, ruler of some 100000 people
in north central India. The Maha-
rani, his third wife, is younger
sister of the Maharajah of Cooch
Behar
Making their first visit to Wash
ington, the royal couple are staying
at the residence of the Indian Am
bsssador, Bengal Rama Rau.
Like many Indian potentates, the
British-educated. polo-playing Ma
harajah took time off in the past
from affairs Of state to spend good
deal of his time in England and Eu-
rope. He has been in the United
States for about week on this trip,
and plans to return to India via
London on September 80.
This morning the couple were off
on a tour of the sightseeing attrac-
tions here. This afternoon the Ma
harajah was to drive to Annapolis
to observe a parade there, while his
wife was to be entertained at tea
by the American Newspaper sWom-
ems Club.
Known as one of the most pro-
gressive of India's rulers. the young
Maharaj jah-he is 38-succeeded to
full rule in 1881. When the Indian
Union became independent of Brit
ish rule in August, 1947, he quickly
made his state a member.
Under his rule Jaipur became a
constitutional monarchy for hte first
time in its history, and has had a
popularly elected cabinet since last
year. The 10,000-man Army, how
ever, still remains under the direct
control of the Prime Minister. who
is appointed by the Maharajah.
Within the last year the troops
furnished by the state to the Indian
government have been in action
in Kashmir against invading ParN-
stan forces.