davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Czechs
Try Try Again

In 1882, a carpenter ran for the
presidency of Czechoslovakia against
Thomas C. MaSaryk, father of the re-
public. He got only handful of votes.
This week, Klement Gottwald, the
carpenter, tried again. No candidate
opposed him and he was elected by
acclamation.
In between the first and second at
tempts were 16 years and a career for
GottWald as the foremost Czech Com
munist. That experience paid off.
Gottwald has been Communist for
decades and spent the war years in
Moscow. He had been premier since
July 3, 1916, and engineered the Feb
ruary coup by which Communists
took over full control of the govern
ment.
AS the nations third president,
Gottwald succeeds Eduard Benes, who
resigned week ago rather than sign
the new constitution drafted by the
Communists.
g The new Parliament which has 214
Communists among its 800 members,
made Gottwald the only candidate
hen elected him by voice vote. An
;on Zapotocky, trade union leader
who had been deputy premier, sue
ceeded Gottwald as premier.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Income
Going Up

Going Up
Some SO per cent of Americas A.
100000 families had an income of
$4,000 or more last year, the Federal
Reserve Board reported this week on
the basis of a sample survey.
In the mid-1930'S, fewer than $780,
OC0 families had incomes at that level
but a dollar bought more then.
For Fl out of each 100 families in
the nation, income was above $4,000
last year, with eight families of this
group getting over $500 year.
Not everyone was in the chips, how
ever. Of each 100 families, 13 had in
comes under $1,000 and another 18
got between $1,000 and $4,000
The middle income" of the nations
100000 families was $2,920 in 1947,
up $500 from the year before.
Half. Made More
Roughly half the families increased
their income in some degree, the sur
vey found, but many felt they were
worse off because of the spiraling cost
of living.
Which groups earn the most money?
The survey came up with these an
SWerS:
Those who own their own business
or manage someone else's. The middle
income was $4,000 for families head
ed by a managerial or self-employed
person"
Professional workers-doctors, law
yers, dentists, etc.-came next with q
middle income of $4,000
Families headed by skilled and
semi-skilled workers followed with
$4,000, and those of clerks and sale:
people had $4,000. For unskillec
workers, it was $1,000.
The middle income reported By
farmers on a cash basis was only
$500. Farmers, however, are differ
ent from others, the survey pointed
out, as they have substantial non
money income, such as the food the!
produce.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Health
US. Joins WHO.


After more than year of hesita-
tion, the United States this week be-
came the 42nd nation to join the
World Health Organization. It is the
last of the Big Five powers to join.
It entered the international agency
against disease just in time to send
delegates to the first World Health
Assembly opening June "a in Paris.
American participation in WHO.
was practical necessity if the body
ever was to rise above paper organi-
cation. Without this country'S finan-
cial aid and its vast medical resources
and talents, a worldwide program
hardly would have been possible.
The U. S. will contribute nearly 40
per cent of the WHO. budget, the
same basis on which it contributes
to overall United Nations costs.
The Senate had approved a resolu-
tion permitting U. S. membership a
year ago. However, the House, in a
prolonged dispute over ratification,
stipulated $1,920,00O annual limita-
tion
The agency'S most S TIA cula +
achievement thus far-one in which
Americans individually took part =
was the quelling of cholera outbreak
in Egypt. Within six weeks, after the
disease had spread at the rate of 1000
new cases a day, WHO. succeeded in
confning and wiping out the cpl
demic.
Medical missions are fighting dis.
ease in many war-devastated lands
More than 200 candidates from nine
countries are taking medical training
uLder $1,5O0,0OO WHO. fellowship
program
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25

border transit points between the So-
Wet and British zones were closed.
The big autobahn bridge over the
Elbe, the VESTS only motor route to
Berlin, was closed for repairs.
Communist-circulated petitions for
German unity obtained 13,124,00O sig
natures, the Russians said. Their cir
culation was barred in the French and
American zones but permitted in the
British. There were rumors the pc
titions would be used to demand a
German plebiScite on national unity
in Russian counter to the six-power
plan for a western German state.
At Lake Success, Russia again tried
vainly to include Soviet observers on
the Palestine truce team. and to shift
the American held Pacific islands
from jurisdiction of the U.N. Trustee
ship Council to the Security Council,
where the veto power applies.
Danube Farley
Moscow cleared the way for possi-
BILE compromise of the Danube dispute
-reopening the river to free interna-
tional trade. The Kremlin accepted an
American proposal to call donation
conference July 80.
The Soviet bloc, however, will have
7-3 voting edge. The Big Four (Rus-
sia, United States, Britain and France)
have agreed to invite and accord full
voting privileges to Russias eastern
satellites: Bulgaria, CzechoSlovakia,
Hungary, Romania, the Ukraine and
YugoslaVia.
In Palestine, where Count Folke
Bernadotte arranged the four-weeks
truce, tense uneasy peace settled
over the Holy Land. Both Jews and
Arabs charged the other with viola
tionS.
Headquarters on Rhodes
Bernadotte set up headquarters on
the neutral island of Rhodes, invited
both Jewish and Arab leaders there
to discuss terms for a permanent
peace.
The U.N. mediator now has staff
of SO observers-21 each from the
United States, France and Belgium
the three nations on the consular
truce commission.
The council agreed to a request by
Bernadotte that all So members oil
the U.N. be asked to see that immi.
grafton into the Holy Land be con.
trolled rigidly during the truce. Mean
while, U.N. planes, supplied by the
United States, were patrolling the
Palestine coast to check on ships ar
irving with refugees and supplies.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25

Sen. Vandenberg, head of the COP
internationalist faction, went all out
for the full appropriation. Speaker
Martin, leader of the conservative,
economy minded wing, opposed it.
Outcome of their clash presented the
first real clue as to the type of candi-
date and platform the convention
might choose: one dedicated to inter-
nationalism or one inclined toward a
return to traditional isolationism.
Expect Five-Day Session
Even though the convention does
not open until Monday, activity has
been going on all week.
Party spokesmen look for a five-day
convention, but with quite few bal
lots before the presidential ticket is
named.
More than a dozen candidates will
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25

Developments this week in Con-
gress had an important bearing on
the Republican convention and the
identity of the man it will choose to
be its nominee for President.
Arrayed against each other were
two COP presidential dark horses:
Sen. Arthur Vandenberg and House
Speaker Joseph w. Martin, Jr. The
issue was whether to put up all or
part of the 5.3 billion dollars author
ized for the European Recovery Pro-
gram last spring.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Science
Oufmoded Push Buttons

The squeal old radios used to make
when your hand got too close to dial
now has been harnessed to signal the
elevator.
The new electronic substitute for
push buttons, devised by Otis EIeva-
tor Co. engineers, makes use of static
electricity.
When your finger touches a round.
plastic plate, located like a push but,
ton, a tiny vacuum tube behind it
goes to work. The tube signals the
elevator and sets its controls so that
the car stops at your floor.
It works whether you touch the
plastic plate with your gloves on or
off. It won't give false alarm if a
person passes close to the signal zone.
Chief advantage of the new elec-
tronic signal is so per cent savings
on electric wiring. Another advantage
chewing gum cannot gum up the
works.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
RUSSIA: Education Of Eleanor

tudes, she says, in her work with the
United Nations.
Strong, But Friendly
While we have to be strong, we
also have to be friendly" she writes,
opposing those who ask: "Why
wouldn't it be better to wipe up Rus
sia right now?"
"The trouble with that, from my
point of view," Mrs. Roosevelt says,
"is that we should not really settle
anything. We could destroy her cities
but (Russia) is a whale of a coun-
try. And having once used atom
bombs none of us would sleep very
peacefully from then on, because
somebody some day is going to have
atom bombs just as we have them,
and if we get into the habit of using
them sooner or later we are going to
be destroyed. Nobody wins modern
war"
The American attitude toward Rus
sia "at times has been highly stupid"
says Mrs. Roosevelt. 1--WE do not rec
ognize how sensitive they are because
of insecurity. Many times and in many
little ways we do not realize their
insecurity and we do things that bring
about bitterness, very often in little
ways that are not important but have
important results"
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Tru57lanHitS
At Congress

DRESIDENT TRUMAN looked
i back this weekend with salts
faction on his 18-state trip through
the middle and far west.
On what he called "non-po-
litical' tour of what opponents
called whistle stops, he had taken
the gloves off. Sometimes making a
half-dozen speeches a day in big cities
and little hamlets, he had missed few
opportunities to blast Congress and
cite its shortcomings.
Mr.. Truman's slugging tactics had
made certain of one thing: one of the
main issues in the fall campaign
would be the record of the Repubi-
can-controlled 80th Congress.
Needing Campaign
In Spokane, Wash, he called Con-
gress "the worst we've ever had"
Working down through Oregon and
northern California, the President
warmed to his task of needing the
lawmakers. At Los. Angeles in the
fifth and last major speech on his
tour, he demanded that Congress stay
in session until it enacted price con-
trolls, housing bin and six other ma
jor legislative ''musts." The President
said:
They still have time. And if they
haven't time, they ought to make it,"
He tieked off the major issues on
which he said Congress had been
derelict: prices, housing, labor, social
security, health, education, agricul-
ture and reclamation.
''The most important thing" he de-
rlared, "and the closest to everyone is
prices"
Congress, the President said, should
act at once to clamp restraints on
prices that "have been skyrocketing
since July 81, 1896" when, he said,
he was forced to accept a price con-
troll law that was ''worse than none" :"
Since then costs have gone up so
per cent. he said, and "your dollar
that was worth dollar then is now
worth 662s cents"
He accused Congress of passing
laws to favor 'the man who controls
the goods" while the consumer pays
through the nose"
The President charged Congress
with whiting down appropriations
for the Labor Department The Bu-
reau of Labor Statistics, he said, was
being emasculated.
They have jerked the speedometer
out of the car" he said, so you can't
see how fast you are going to infla-
tion."
COP RetOrts
Republicans in and out of Congress
struck back. House Majority Leader
Charles Halleck said, There are a
lot of people who think Mr.. Truman
is the poorest President we have had. ~
Sen. Robert A. Taft went on the
radio in Philadelphia to attack Mr..
Truman's effort not only to condemn
Congress but to-sdiscfedit the institu-
tiOn of Congress" The Truman pro-
gram, Taft said, would create a ma
tlon completely regimented."
Meanwhile, anti-Truman southern
Democrats have about given UP hope
of stopping a Truman nomination
They now are talking of convention
of their own in Birmingham, Ala.
July IL.
Gov Fielding Wright of Mississippi
says states rights leaders will not b,
satisfied now even if the Presiden
backs down on the civil rights issue
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Medicine
New Concer Weapon

Scientists will try next year TO cure
cancer with new experimental
weapon-the betatron.
The betatron is a machine that
whirls negatively-charged electrons to
high speeds in much the same man.
ner that cyclotron speeds ur protons.
A 26-million volt betatron will be in
stalled at the University of Illinois
College of Medicine.
First use of the machine in medical
research will be to treat deep-seated
cancers with X-rays of up to 20 mil
lion volts energy. X-rays now used in
hospitals use energies of only 100000
to 100000 volts.
Because Of tests and developmental
work, no patients will be treated un-
til l949.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25

receive first-ballot support. After that.
it's anybody's guess.
A majority of 548 is needed for the
nomination. Managers of Gov. Thomas
E. Dewey of New York, Sen. Robert
A. Taft of Ohio, and Harold E. Stassen
of Minnesota claim each will get up
wards of 800 votes on the first ballot.
Taft and Dewey leaders say their
man will win on an early ballot. Stas-
sen predicts he will get the nomina-
tion on the ninth ballot. Obviously,
they can't all be right.
Sen. Vandenberg and Speaker Mar
tin rate high in speculation over a
compromise choice if the major con-
tenders fall by the wayside. Gov. Earl
Warren of California is regarded as a
strong contender if there is a dead
lock.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Henry Is BEING Fooled

Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, writing on
American-Russian relations, concludes
this week in The Christian Register
(UnitdriGn) that sweetness and light,
alone, will not bring a just peace.
America, she warns, must keep itself
strong and not be fooled.
Il think Henry Wallace is being
fooled. have always been very fond
of Henry, but he never has had to
work with the Russians as have"
she states.
DisillusiOnment
For liberal dealing with the So
Wet Union, Mrs. Roosevelt writes. it
is disillusioning to wake up and find
you are going to get cooperation only
because you are stronger than they
are.
That's rather awful thing for a
liberal to have to face in this world
today, and think that a good many
people probably how feel that l am
not liberal in my attitude towards
the USSR."
Mrs. Roosevelt says she learned all
the Communist tactics during "quite
long experience with American
Communism" She says she refused to
work with American Communist
youth groups because they "lied" to
her. She learned official Soviet atti-
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25

will be watching the preliminaries to
an American election. The United
States in 1948 is a colossus whose poliS
cies, domestic and foreign, vitality af-
feet every nation, large or small.
Before the Curtain Rises
The Republican convention opens
Monday with 1904 delegates, drawn
from every state, the District of CO.
lumbia, territories and possessions.
The Democrats will convene July u
with 1924 delegates.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Dates
In Short j..

INTERVIEWED: By the federal govern
ment, in suspended coal talks between
John l.. Lewis and the mine operators
Bowed: Seven seamen's unions, to
court injunctions, banning for at
least 10 days, nationwide maritime
strike.
Denied: BY the Supreme Court, re-
view of contempt of Congress convic-
tions of II members of the Joint
Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee for
refusing to turn over records to the
House Committee on Unamerican Ac-
tivitieS.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Quotes

Dwight d. Eisenhower: Ode
mocracy as we know it is facing
its decade, probably its quarter
century of greatest trial"
Winston Churchill: "How can
Socialist ministers brag of ma
tionalization of industry and de-
ride the system of free enter
prise and capitalism which makes
America great and wealthy q.
and at the same time eagerly
seek the aid which has hitherto
been so generously granted across
the Atlantic?"
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Question
To Be or Not to Be

Residents of Newfoundland will
vote again July % to decide what
KIND OF government they want.
They have two choices: confedera-
ton with Canada as the 10th province
OF the dominion; or responsible self
government.
In a referendum June 3, neither of
those two alternatives won the 81 per
cent required. A third choice-con-
tlnuation of the present form of gov
ernment-ran last and was eliminated.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
Preparedness
Soldier Lineuists

Soldier LlngUlsts
American troops should know for
eign languages better in any future
war than in the past, according to
Gen. Jacob l.. Devers.
The chief of the Army Field Forces
declares that in World War II ina,
bility of American troops to talk with
foreign allies led to frequent misun.
derstandings, friction and delay.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25
East West Struggle
Continues in Europe

easwes tug of peace for control of Europe known vaousy
the "cold war; and the peace offensive" continues
Russia this week fexed her muscles by temporarily barring
and coal shipments through her Berlin
the fourpower capital The British said the
whole trains but cut out freight they considered defective
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25

OR the next month all will be Philadelphia In the cradle
of American liberty where the Constitution born the
ons two major political parties will to draft their
forms and choose their candidates for President Henry Wacs
Third Party will July % the agdraped Conven
ton Hall close beside the Sehuylkill River.
Milford chronicle., 1948-06-25

fAu Rights ReserDed. AP Nel0sfeaturesJ
Evening star., 1948-05-28
Summer Series Of Barge Trips
lon Canal Begins This Week End

Old Dobbin and his driver will be
waiting this week end to inaugurate
! the summer series of orse-drawn
barge trips on the scenic Chesa-
peake and Ohio Canal for nature
lovers who like travelling leisurely.
| Two one-way barge trips are
scheduled tomorrow and two more
on Sunday, between Washington
and Brookmont. Md, the National
Capital Parks announced.
The upstream trip will begin at
Foundry Branch at 2 pm. on both
days, from the junction of Canal
road, Foxhall road and M street
NV. The trip will end at Lock S,
Brookmont. The lock is one block
away and down a fight Of stairs
from Stop "a on the Glen Echo
carline.
Coming back to the city, the barge
will leave the lock at 4:30 pm. both
days. Tickets are on sale at the
Capital Transit Co., 14l6 F street
NV, and limited number may be
obtained at the barge.
Historian T. Sutton Jet, veteran
of many barge trips, and Ranger
Naturalist Robert c. Herr will ac-
Evening star., 1948-05-28
Arias Election Victory
Up 10 Panama Court
By the Assoeio.ed Press

PANAMA CITY, May 28.-Arnul-
TO Arias Madrid won the presidency
Of Panama today on the basis OF
complete unofflcial returns from the
Nav 9 election, but whether he will
actually get the job remains un-
certain.
The Supreme Court is expected to
decide today on his eligibility to
run for Office. The national elec-
ton jury must rule on challenged
votoes and count all ballots before
the results become official.
Mr.. Arias, 47-year-old Nationalist
leader who was forced out as presi-
dent in a coup d'etat in 1941, had
lead of 1852 votes over Domingo
Diaz AroSemena, IA, candidate of
the Liberty (Government) Party, in
the unofficial count.
Mr.. Arias' eligibility to seek Office
was challenged on the grounds that
the constitution bars any one
elected as president from running
until two terms have elapsed from
the date he last held Office. He was
elected in 1940-the last President
chosen by popular ballot.
9 Mexico City dispatch last night
quoted a traveller from Panama as
saying followers of Mr.. Arias were
prepared to lead a revolt If he is
not declared winner of the elec-
ton.
The traveller, described as quail
flied political observer, said it ap-
peared definite that the challenged
votes, If upheld by the national cleo
ton jury, would cost Mr.. Arias the
presidency.
A calf weighing 131 pounds usual
weight 60 pounds has been born
on farm near Salisbury, Southern
Rhodesia.
Evening star., 1948-05-28
Top Scientists Advise
Army on Specialists

More than so of the Nations tor
civilian scientists we're to meet in
the Pentagon today to advise the
Army on recruitment, training and
the use of qualified young scientists
to fill $50 specialists positions In its
Medical Service Corps.
Meanwhile, Maj. F. Roland Kuhn
was appointed chief of the med
ical allied sciences section of the
corps.
Among speakers at the opening
session of the two-day meeting yes
terday were DR.. Vannevar Bush,
chairman of the Research and De-
velopment Board, and Brig. Gen.
Evening star., 1948-05-28
First RoiIwoy to Cross
Northern ZuIuIond

Northern Zululand is about to be
crossed by its first railway, Durham
reports. Surveyors are laying out a
route from Piet Retief to a junction
with the Gollel line-an important
development in the Pongola area for
the growing Of sugar cane.
There will also be an extension of
the line through the Lebanon noun
tains to irrigable land along the
Pongola River, it is reported.
Evening star., 1948-05-28

company the barge to point out
items of interest.
There will also be a walk along
the canal tomorrow to observe the
wild gardens and foliage. The as
sembly point, at pm, is at Stop
80 on the Cabin John carline, Mac
Arthur boulevard and Cornell street.
A camera stroll in the grounds of
Washington Cathedral will be led
Sunday from 2 to 4 pm. by Miss
Mary Bolton of the National Photo
graphic Socie.y. The group will
meet at the Wisconsin avenue en-
Evening star., 1948-05-28

trance to the grounds, Just north o1
Massachusetts, avenue NV.
Naturalist w. Drew Chick viii lead
a woodland stroll through the little.
frequented section Of Glover Park
way from to S pm. Sunday. The
group will start from Cathedral and
New Mexico avenues NV.
Evening star., 1948-05-28
corns Sleep
hen Shed Off

Apply Magic-like E-z KORN RE-
MOVER to the hardest corns and
after few applications, these pain
ful corns shed of. E-Z Korn Re-
mover helps relieve corn pains
softens dead skin, paving the way
for the removal of the corn. Try
this easy-to-use, quick-action E-Z
KORN REMOVER today. 35c at
drugstores.
Evening star., 1948-05-28
|copt. Clarke Promoted
To Fire Battalion Chief

Capt. Morris H. Clarke, A, 9
member Of the Fire Department
since 1928, will become a battalion
chief on June 1, with the job OF
department property officer.
This was announced by the Com
missioners yesterday, as they ap-
proved Chief Clement Murphy S
recommendation for Capt. Clarke's
promotion. The job Capt. Clarke
assumes was set up in the Dis
trict's l948 Appropriations Act. It
pays $6,242 per year. Capt. Clarke
lives with his wife and two sons at
1903 Twenty-third street Sc.
Evening star., 1948-05-28
Reds DismuntIe Reich Plants

The Russians dismantled rs per
cent of the iron and steel making
facilities in the Soviet zone of Ger
many and it will be years before the
needs of that area can be met, with
new plants now planned, Berlin re-
ports,
Evening star., 1948-05-28
THE EVENING STAR, Washington D. c. ..A-17


George E. Armstrong. deputy Army
Surgeon General.
Evening star., 1948-12-10

One Of our versatile SeIig Cocktail Chairs will
make welcome gift for anyone. They're the
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smooth hardwood frames buoyont spring.
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man with an office, too!
Evening star., 1948-12-10

Our Decorator BorreI Chair will thrill the
decorator in her. Make her living room more
liveobIe, too. Deep channel back, carved
fromeof mahogany finished hardwood. SNORT
noilheod trim to point up the upholstery -.
green, rose, grey, gold royon broeoteIIe or
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Evening star., 1948-06-20

begin reol living right away In
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