davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-04-13

In the relatively near future. But even
If that is true-and it is not necessarily
true-just how will our own security or
the security Of our friends abroad be
served by action to dissolve the United
Nations now2 The United States and like
minded powers can take, and are taking,
Individual and collective measures to pro-
tect themselves within the U. N. In what
way could the U. MS breakup increase our
safety?
Actually, bad as the present situation is,
it cannot be improved by proposals to
supplant the United Nations. The U. N.
may fall apart, but the time is not yet
here to abandon it or to give up trying to
make it work. The peace of all peoples
depends upon its survival and upon Its
gradual evolution toward greater effec-
tiveness At this juncture, the only
substitute for it is an irreparably split
world headed pell-mell for a war of
extinction
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Soldiers Not Automatons

To the Editor Of The Star:
In Nuremberg, Germany, recently SIS elite
Guard officers were charged with killing
persons referred to by the Nazis as "Asiatic
interiors" The defense pleaded innocent on
the ground that they had acted under Hitlers
orders The United States war crimes tr1o-
unal waved this aside and said: THE obedi-
ence Of . soldier is not the obedience OF an
automaton A soldier Is . reasoning agent. 1t
is a fallacy of widespread consumption that
soldier is required to do everything his superior
officers order him to do. The subordinate is
bound only to obey the lawful orders OF his
superiors"
But who is to say whether or not the given
order Is lawful? Is the subordinate required
to 20 back to his bunk, look up the law on
the subject, and If he believes the order Is not
lawful, 80 report back to his superior and de-
cline to obey? OF course, the fact that he
probably would be shot for not obeying the
order cuts no figure with the honorable court
The whole thing is 50 utterly silly. No won
der the Commies sneer at poor old Uncle Sap
and give him kick at every opportunity.
suggest that these alleged judges read Tenny-
sons Charge Of the Light Brigade"
WILLIAM n. SHIELDS.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
The Power of Women

Miss Margaret Plunkett of the Women's
Bureau in the Labor Department has just
called attention to statistic that should
sober any male who supposes that the
country would be better off If the female
of the species quit business and got back
to staying at home. No supposition could
be sillier, for the fact is that any such shift
would convulse our national economy.
In support of this point, Miss Plunkett
has reminded everybody that out of our
total labor force of 60,000000 persons,
100000 are women. She has gone on
from there to assert that If these women
suddenly dropped everything to take up
housekeeping, our industrial production
and business routine would suffer con-
fusion thrice confounded. Even the most
prejudiced male must admit that it is thus
economically muddle-headed to believe
that Woman's place is in the kitchen.
In fact the more he looks into their
economic aspects, the more man will
come to realize that American women are
truly formidable, if not frightening. They
spend, respectively, about ST per cent, IS
per cent and 80 per cent of all the money
spent in this country on consumer goods,
clothing and food Some 40 per cent of
the Nations homes are owned by them.
They have tight grip on almost half of
our railroad stocks. And they are the
possessors of approximately 10 per cent
of the vast private wealth of our land.
Men pondering these figures must ask
themselves whittier they are drifting. They
must take to heart the admonition never
Nf rYnv,
She is the dominant economic baron OF the
Nation, with her fingers in every pie. Who
now is the weaker sex? Who now Is in 4
position to say whose place Is In the
kitchen? Let the American male think
hard about it. This looks like matriarchy
in the making.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
The Only Substitute for 1t

Whatever may be their value in terms
of the long future, 1t Is difficult 10 see
what practical good can be accomplished
at this time by the various proposals
being made for an immediate and drastic
overhauling of the United Nations.
To the extent that they are rooted both
In idealism and in the sense of frustra-
ton and danger caused by the Soviet
veto, the proposals have certain per-
suasiveness. Looked at realistically, how
ever, the adoption of one or another OF
them would promptly wreck the U. N.
without in the least easing the grave
tension existing between Russia and the
west. In fact, they would almost surely
increase that tension, and for that reason
they probably would prove to be worse
than the setup they seek to supplant.
Thus, for example, how would the world
situation be improved any by the pro-
posal of the Emergency Committee OF
Atomic Scientists? The committee wants
two things done right away. 1t wants
the heads of the major powers to meet
together in an effort to arrive at some
new agreement, and it wants action at
once to replace the United Nations with
a gobal government - with or without
Russian participation. The scientists
rightly warn that the present drift may
end in the total collapse of civilization or
even in the annihilation of humanity, but
the realities being what they are, and
Soviet obstructionism being what 1t Is,
their substitute plan would in all likelihood
be far more ineffective than the U. N.
in preventing war. Certainly, short OF
miraculous overnight changes in the
international temper, it would not be
bit better.
The same thing seems equally true OF
the proposal being advocated by a BIZ
partisan group of II Senators. This pro-
posal-which probably will be vigorously
opposed by Secretary Marshall and Chair
man Vandenberg of the Foreign Relations
Committee-would have the effect of
scrapping the present U. N. Charter. One
of its key provisions would drastically
limit the veto power Nothing could be
more certain than Russia's refusal to
accept it. Indeed, public opinion in our
own and other countries might be re-
luctant to support 1t. After all, 1t would
not promote peace. What 1t would
amount to would be the breaking up OF
the United Nations by substituting in its
place two great military blocs arrayed
hostilely against each other. Such plan,
whatever its merits in theoretical sense,
can hardly be said to be more promising
than the none-too- promising setup we
have already. And If 1t is no better, or
II it Is not even as good insofar as current
realities are concerned, what sense Is there
In pressing for 1t?
OF course, effective arguments can be
made for the thesis that decisive show
down Is inevitable and that 1t must come
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Franco Spain vs.. Communism

Franco Spain vs.. Communism
To the Editor of The Star:
Franco Spain must be our friend because she
is the only country in Europe which has totally
excluded communism.
franco needed help in the Spanish Civil War.
The Nazis and Italian Fascists came to help
him. With that help he crushed communism
in Spain but afterward he refused to become
an ally Of the Axis He was willing to use
Germans and Italians for his cause since his
cause was right, but he was unwilling to imi-
tate them since he knew their cause was wrong
Franco has done wonders for Spain. The
decay Of the Spanish civilization cannot be
repaired just by . civil war. It takes years
and a strong hand to restore an old and cor
rupt country to q decent level. II the Spanish
people are not entirely free, it is because they
as yet are unprepared to govern themselves
A strong democracy is the best form of gov
eminent but some nations are better fitted for
. dictatorship than for democracy. good
dictatorship Is better than q bad democracy
A bad democracy is 4 weak democracy and 4
weak democracy is an easy prey Of communism
Franco declared in his speech the other day
that he was 10 years ahead Of the western
democracies in his policy against communism
The western democracies, including America
have taken a long time to see what commun-
ism really Is.
Franco Spain must join ERP.
Franco Spain must be included in the Mar
shall Plan. FRANCIS CHURCH.
Paris, France.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
AVoteIess DELEGATE in the House

A voteless delegate in the House, repre-
senting the people of the District, was an
appendage of the short-lved territorial
government here Of 1871-1874. Since then
the idea has been revived periodically, with
occasional bills and hearings. 1t never got
anywhere 1t is interesting to find it turn
ing up again as new part of the Auchin-
Gloss home rule bill.
We had one delegate In Congress who
served two two-year terms. He was
Brigadier General Norton P. Chapman,
first elected in 1871 after spirited contest
with the distinguished Negro leader, Fred
erick Douglass He was we'll thought OF in
and out Of Congress and when the ter
ritorial government went on the rocks
(the present commission government being
substitutedD he was permitted to remain
In the House until the end Of his second
term. II he was never able to accomplish
anything of record for the District, 1t was
not his fault. He had no vote; therefore
he had no power.
Subsequent attempts to revive the vote
less delegate plan have been opposed
locally on the ground that 1t was mean
ingless sop that 1t would accomplish
nothing toward giving the District voting
participation in Congress and might even
delay it. and that, unlike territory, whose
delegate serves in the interim until state
hood is won by majority vote in Congress,
the District can never aspire to statehood
or win voting representation in Congress
without a constitutional amendment.
The arguments for the plan are that
there would be a nonvoting member OF
the House, representing the District, TAX
ing part in the debates and serving gener-
ally as a local spokesman. He would be
member of the proposed Joint Committee
on the District of Columbia, though lacking
q committee vote. In local election, his
choice would undoubtedly overshadow all
the others. The voteless delegate, as
part of the new home rule plan, has more
to commend it than If the office were being
created on the theory that 1t would meet
the need for representation in Congress.
Supporters Of the home rule plan are
careful to point out that they do not regard
1t as a substitute for bona fide voting
rights. As long as that is understood, the
delegate would do no harm and might
do some good.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Citation for the CAP

The Civil Air Patrol we'll earned the
recognition which belatedly is being given
to it's courageous members. The Air Medals
to be awarded to 824 of the CAP flyers who
responded to their countrys call for aid
during the grim battle with Hitlers
U-boats in the Atlantic are little enough
reward for their services.
Disappointed but undismayed by their
failure to be accepted as Army or Navy
pilots-because of age or other disquali-
fications-these patriotic civilian flyers
volunteered for auxiliary patrol work OF
a valuable and ofttimes dangerous nature.
At the time of organization the Nazi sub
marine menace was becoming more acute.
Rowing packs of U-boats were threatening
seriously to cut the Allied supply lines to
beleaguered Europe. The Murmansk run
was marked by blazing and sinking ships,
as our inadequately protected conveys
struggled to carry on against what seemed
at times to be overwhelming odds.
BY joining in reconnaissance duties
along portions of the Atlantic and Gulf
coasts the CAP flyers, many of them in
their own unarmed planes, helped to fill
the patrol void until, later in the war
enough Army and Navy planes came off
the production lines to handle the job
without civilian aid. Much of the patrol
work was monotonous, with only the
vagaries of weather to make things inter-
esting. Occasionally, however, the routine
was broken by the excitement of real
alert and by a successful sub chase.
During 24,0O0,000 miles of patrolling, the
CAP was credited with spotting 173
U-boats, with attacking ST of them with
depth charges slung beneath their light
submarines. Indicative of the hazards in
volved are the records which show that
2e CAP flyers and about 100 planes were
Evening star., 1948-04-13
On Owninq Lund

You hoard your siluer Nth nrtsers hdnd'
The boarding brings you little recon-
pense,
Bevond the added acres to your land,
Ind pride that HDes ,pithtn barb tDirs
fence.
I. too, hare loped the land, measure mine
BIZ boundaries OF blossoms and By
streams,
I Claim, the hills that nurture forest pine,
And all my land Is seeded deep IN dreams.
and mine the better part, for phen I 90,
NV lands bright hoarded beauty shdu
keep,
I shall be kin to all the tofr,ds that bloto
And grass piH whisper softly Uhsrs
sleep ALMA robson HIGBEE.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Not Mr.. Walkers Error

To the Editer Of The star:
With reference to letter appearing in The
Star on April ;. over the signature OF Howard
A. Walker as commander Of the James Reese
Europe Post No. S, American Legion, beg to
inform you that neither the James Reese
Europe Posts membership nor I had any
knowledge Of Mr.. Walkers intent to publish
the subject matter which appeared in your
paper, or in any paper whatsoever, until 1t
was read in The Star.
Please be advised that Mr.. Walker is not the
commander Of the James Reese Europe Post
No. 5. Department of the District Of Columbia
American Legion and that he was not author
lied by the post, or the post commander to
make any publication whatsoever or to use
the name Of the post in submitting any matter
for publication.
The statements and views set forth by Mr..
Walker are entirely his own and may or may
not reflect the views of the James Reese
Europe Post No. 5, the American Legion.
LUCIUS L. KENERSON,
Commander, James Reese Europe Post No. 5.
Dept. Dist Of Columbia American Legion
Editors note: Mr.. Walker signed his letter as
past commander of James Reese Europe Post.
No. 5. BY typographical error, the word past"
appeared in The Star as post"
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Relief Parcel Problems
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
For almost two years have been sending
parcels OF food and clothing to my relatives in
Germany. The present rate OF postage GA
cents pound amounts to about one-third Of
the cost of each package. A much greater
amount of private charity could be sent If the
present rate were REDUCED. Can nothing be
done about this?
To supplement my personally packed boxes
I have tried several agencies organized to send
food to the needy in Europe. One urgent prob
lem is the prompt delivery of the food pack
ages. I am glad to say that now I have found
one agency which solves the problem Of time
and also offers a well planned and nutritious
package. It Is SAFE, Inc, the American repre-
sentatives for Caritas GSwiss Charity Center),
operating under a system which insures speedy
delivery. I bought SAFE voucher on Febru-
ary II and sent it to my sister in Karlsruhe by
airmail. have word from her that she re-
ceived the package on February %.
EMMA MAYER.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
SDA and UNIT

To the Editor Of The Star:
In The Star OF April there appeared an
article by Robert K. Walsh in which he dis
cussed the activities Of the alleged Communist
Front National Youth Assembly Against UNIT.
This article stated that the National Council
Against Conscription '.has organized students
for Democratic Action In an effort to prevent
the assembly from clouding the issue and
weakening the opposition to UNIT"
I should like to point out the error Of this
statement, for SDA is not a part Of NCAC,
although it does maintain close liaison with
it on the question of UNIT SDA is the Student
Division of Americans for Democratic Action,
both of which were formed at an organizing
convention held in Washington in March, 1947,
long before the National Youth Assembly came
into being.
Actually, UNIT was never, until recent
months, an important issue with SDA. 1t Is
true that SDA, at present, is opposed to UNIT,
because 1t believes that national security can
best be served by increasing both the strength
of our regular armed forces and the extent of
our military research. However. UNIT is but one
of a number Of issues with which SDA as an
organization of non-C Communist liberals is con-
cerned, and 1t in no sense represents the pri-
mary reason for the formation Of the SDA.
ROBERT M. KLEIN.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Supports National AAUW

10 the EDITOR OF Inc war:
The current controversy between the
Washington Branch Of the American Associa-
ton of University Women and The national
board of the organization has received public
attention. The activities Of tfe American
Association Of University Womer are Of sig
nificance because it is = long-established
organization widely known in the educational
world for its contribution In raising educa-
tional standards and IN promoting educational
opportunities for all women. TIE organization
has q broad vision Of education in the world
rs well as on the campus. Throughout the
country national members Of the AAUW are
organized locally into branches to assist In
developing the program Of the organization
and In making 1t effective; the purpose Of
the branches is identical with that OF the
parent organization educational, in its
broadest sense.
The Washington Branch has shown its
unwilingness to accept the purposes Of the
organization, not only by adopting = selective
membership policy which excludes national
members resident in Washington, but also by
amending its bylaws to make 1t clear that it
wishes to operate as q local social club rather
than as an integral part OF the American
Association Of University Women.
WlLIllu IIlS WdSIllSGoIl oIduCu tIlcIc ID
a group Of almost 200 women who have worked
steadily in support Of the policies expressed by
the national board, have worked to make the
members of the branch see their response
bilities as university women and as members
Of the American Association Of University
Women. On every crucial vote in the last year
and half those supporting the policies Of the
parent organization have represented from 80
to 40 per cent Of the total number expressing
an opinion. This group includes alumnae OF
some 30 different colleges and universities in
all sections of the country. We welcome the
leadership Of the national board.
I consider that the national board Of the
American Association Of University Women
has a duty to see that the organization in all
its parts carries out the purposes for which 1t
was organized and which are expressed in its
bylaws The national board has no right
knowingly to permit any branch Of the organ
ization to act in conflict with the bylaws of
the parent organization The national board
has faced its responsibility squarely and with
courage. RUTH VORIS LYONS,
Member of the American Association Of
University Women.
Evening star., 1948-04-13

back up the u. N. decision on Palestine? Pales-
tine has lived under trusteeship (the British
mandate} for rs years. It didn't work, and it
is blind stupidity to expect solution to result
from another temporary trusteeship.
MARION PERLOV.
Evening star., 1948-04-13

lost in the eighteen months Of operations.
In addition to the antisubmarine missions,
the civilian pilots performed varied other
wartime services inland that contributed
to victory in World War II. The whole
record is one of which the CAP members
have good reason to be proud. 1t is only
right that they should be decorated for
their self-sacriicing achievements.
Evening star., 1948-04-13

"The United States has taken over
Turkey entirely and reduced the populace
to poverty" cries Moscow radio. And
what's more, we are lost to all shame:
We don't even remember it,
Evening star., 1948-04-13
/ Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
Uriter, although tt is permissible for
tDriter knoton to The Star to use
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1948-04-13

A Canadian poultry breeder reports re-
ceiving radio programs via an incubator.
Fancy looking for day-old chicks and
getting Joan Davis.
Evening star., 1948-04-13

Unusually large this season, the high
way chuckholes left in winters wake
provide all the effects Of wartime satu-
ration bombing, but without the rancor.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question
of fact by writing The EVENING Star Informs ton
bureau, 316 Eye street NE, Washington 2 2. G.
Please inclose three CD cents for return postage
Evening star., 1948-04-13

voluntary rationing of gasoline Is
once more in the air, and the big trouble,
as always, is that the motorist hates to
become a slave to his own will power.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Trusteeship Blind Stupidity

Trusteeship Blind Stupidity
To the Editor of The Star
In your Sunday paper of April 4, Constan-
tine Brown set forth reasons for a change in
the Palestine policy by the U. N. He stated
that the "Zionists and other ardent advocates
of Palestine partition appear to be blind to
the political reasons which prompted the ad-
: ministration to withdraw its support for the
immediate creation Of q Jewish state"
The advisers to the President are "blind"
to, the fact that should the Soviet Union de-
eide to invade the Middle East area in and
around Palestine, the United States would not
have a chance to decide the matter Of trustee
ship, or truce, or partition, or anything The
Soviet government would decide the matter
unilaterally, just as it has done In Yugoslavia,
Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
Doesn't Mr. Brown realize that an interna-
tional trusteeship would require rs much
force. if not more. as would the partition plan?
Where is this force to come from? Is the
United States prepared to send troops into
Palestine to impose q trusteeship upon that
country when It Is unwilling to send troops to
Evening star., 1948-04-13

@. How many muscles are involved in
scowl and how many in a smile?-G I.
A. It takes only 13 muscles to produce .
smile whereas it takes so muscles to produce
Q frown.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
RY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

O. What Is the medical name for clubfootf
e c. r.
A. The word is talipes. The term "clubfoot"
includes four varieties of foot deformity. About
II per cent of all cases Of clubfoot are present
at birth According to most authorities, about
five per cent are inherited
Evening star., 1948-04-13
. Who we're the Nibelungs?-T s.

@. Who were the Nibelungs?-T. s.
A. Nibelungs in German mythology refers
to the children of the mist, race OF dwarfs
or demonic beings the original possessors OF
the famous hoard and ring won by Seigfried.
They are so called from their kings name,
Nibelung.
Evening star., 1948-04-13
Shipments to Russia Odoriferous

To the Editor Of The Star:
The picture Of American steel bound for
Russia should have been on Page l. This
situation smells. E. c. R., E. E. NJ, r. L. B.
Evening star., 1948-04-13

O. When was the United States Seal frss
placed on the one dollar bill?-R. A. g.
A. The diverse and reverse OF the Great
Seal have appeared on the back OF all notes
OF this denomination, beginning With the
Series of 1885.
Evening star., 1948-04-13

@. What is the national anthem of Ffnlandf
&C. LII
A, The Finnish national anthem Is entitled
"Maame" which is translated Our Land" The
words are by j. L. Runeberg and the music BY
r. Pacius