davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arkansas State press., 1948-12-31
Tennessee Supreme Court Orders New
Trial Of Two Negroes on Technical Errors

her Swear old grandchild looked
on.
A new trial was ordered be-
cause the two youths were not
represented by counsel when ar
raigned; because Judge J. Fred
Bibb left the bench to testify that
they pleaded guilty on arraign-
ment; and because Atty. Gen. Hal
Clements was permitted to insist
on the death penalty because tho
attack victim had lost a son In the
war.
II Is likely that the two youths
will be permitted to take lesser
sentence when they are returned
to Knoxville from Nashville pris-
on.
Arkansas State press., 1948-12-31
Hearing To Revise
Alabama Vote Law
Recesses

Mobile, Ala.-(ANS)-The hear.
ing on the constitutionality of an
amendment which requires per-
sons to understand and explain
the constitution of the United
states, which has been going on
Tor two days closed. Judge Leon
McCord of the Fifth Circuit Court
OF Appeals said he would render
a decision later.
The Law has been challenged
by ten Negroes, who claim they
were denied the right to register.
Arkansas State press., 1948-12-31
Two Negro Women
Assault Victims Of
White Men

An expectant mother, age 20
was attacked in her home on
West 18th street Tuesday af-
ternoon between 2..30 and 800
O'Clock, December Dist, by an
unidentified white man who
gained entrance by posing as
a doctor from the Marine Corp
on a health survey. The intrud-
er, according to the young ex-
SEE VICTIMS--page five
Arkansas State press., 1948-12-31
Pine Bluff Lawyer
Flags Disunity
Among Negroes
BY Grace Donaldson

Pine Bluff-Upon the occasion
of the annual observance of the
signing of the Emancipation Pro-
clamation, sponsored by the Pine
Bluff NAACP, at the Merrill High
School auditorium on New Years
Day, Harold Flowers, we'll known
lawyer and leader declared that
the people of this growing city
must make way in 1919 for "a
united program to remove the
scars of racial warfare by organ
izing a citizens movement which
must bring about practical gains
in a period of grave social tran
sition"
Flowers, who participated in
the recent presidential campaign
when he spoke in the middle west,
North and East, declared that
everywhere was to be noted the
fatal consequences of disunity
among Negroes.
In an eloquent and sincere
bombast, the veteran young lead
err and lawyer, said that the
forces of disunity are almost
wholly responsible for the lack of
progress in the Negro community
throughout the United States, and
we must revamp our program for
all of our organizations toward
unity of purpose and action
Much Work Fer the Fearful
Advocating immediate gains in
the field of housing, education,
and employment, he declared that
complete indignation on the part
of Negroes into American life is
at hand but the achievement must
be participated in by those whose
lives have for so long reflected
the custom of adjustment and con-
citation"
1T is now a golden evening for
the Uncle Toms to change their
lives They, who through years
have plagued their people with
the admonition that the time was
not ripe may walk into fruitful
harvest. They now may 60 in UNI
afraid and ask for the small
things which will play so great
a part in helping prepare the
Negro for full citizenship in AM
erica. The new movement gives
full &ecognition of their talents
and urges full use in the accom-
plshment of the great social, &C.
onomie, and political objectives'.
Mrs. Naomi N. Lawson, local
school teacher, read the Emanci-
patton Proclamation, after invoca-
ton by the Rev. H. M Stewart.
Reports from the 1948 NAACP
membership campaign were made
and reported by DR.. Cleon A.
Flowers, chairman. Reports indl.
cate that the Pine Bluff Branch
See LAwYER-page eight
Arkansas State press., 1948-12-31

more. The Negro people suffer the
brunt of this brutality, but the
See BEATING-page five
Arkansas State press., 1948-12-31
NEGRO MAY LOSE RIGHT EYE
after BRUTAL POLICE BEATING
BY John Stamford

Houston Texas-Ceophus Doyle, 81 may lose the sight of
lice
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Money Reform Halls
Aid for Communists
In Western Germany
BY the Associated Press

BERLIN. July 5.-Currency re-
form apparently has deprived the
Communists of Western Germany
of outside financial support of their
propaganda, the American Military
Government said today.
The subject was taken up in the
military governments semimonthly
review of occupation affairs.
Because of currency reform, Ger
many now has two kinds Of money
The western zones operate on the
new Deutsche mark and the new
Soviet-zone currency is illegal
When all zones were on uniform
Reichsmark currency the Russian
zone Communists could send funds
to the weaker party in the west.
Aid Will be Delayed.
American officials said they be-
lieve it will be some time before
the Russians and Eastern German
Communists can accumulate sup
plies of the Western German cur
rency through trading channels to
resume aid to- their Western CO.
hortS.
The review also reported that a
French campaign to recruit Ger
mans for labor in France was meet
ing a large response from youth dis
illusioned about Germany's future
There is no future for us in
Evening star., 1948-07-05

ing Wednesday at his official resi-
dence. Oracle Mansion. He has
invited to it leaders closely &C
quainted with the soundings that
have been made throughout the
country plus converts near at
/ hand
AFL President Green has said
no, positively, to administration
overtures. CIO President Murray
is withholding his acceptance and
so is the Teamsters' Dan Tobin
Anti -Trumanites count on Mr.
Murray and also on the heads OF
most CIO unions, including Wal
ter Reuther of the Automobile
Workers.
Whitney Agrees To Speak.
The only first string laborite who
has agreed to speak-seven min
utes-at the convention is Rail-
roader A F. Whitney. Mr.. Whitney
who once told a Madison Square
Garden rally you can't make a
President out of a haberdasher"
recanted publicly last year. He tells
the -Trumanites that having
taken the journey to Canossa so re-
recently he can't switch again with
out looking absurd. However, he'll
interpose no obstacles to their plans.
Sunday night the junta still
lacked definite word from Gen.
Eisenhower whether he would &C
cept a draft.
Evening star., 1948-07-05

ties everywhere. Dorothy Thompson.
The Yugoslav congress is told tt
oust Marshal Tito. together with al
Communists who have cast then
fateS with his.
This is the beginning of series
of new purges, scheduled for all East
European countries, and conceivably
in Russia itself. 1t is directed
against the peoples fronts" which
have fulfilled their original purpose
It's object is to enforce total sub
servience to Moscow, liquidate and
check independent actions in the
satellite states, and remind their
leaders that they are subject to dis
cipline on pain of their necks. II
it succeeds in Yugoslavia, most in
dependent of the satellites, the rest
will be easy.
Czech and Hungarian Purges.
The Czech coup was not an iso-
lated incident-the work of few
Czech extremists, unconnected with
Moscow, as the ineffable Henry
Wallace would have us think A
friend who arrived here from Buda-
pest a few weeks ago tells me that
the repercussions of the Czech coup
on Hungary were immediate. Purges
began all over the country; officials
were dismissed without any reason
being given and, thrown out of en-
ployment under cloud, faced star
vation. In Hungary, also, Communist
ranks are divided between the ma
tionalist-extremists corresponding
to Marshal Tito) led by Laszlo Rajk,
minister Of the interior, and the
Moscow-faithful head of the Com
munist Party, Matyas Rakosi.
Nor are the Romanian, Polish and
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Anti ruman Drive Gains
Big Labor Leaders Dodge Invitation
To Speak at Convention to Stay Aloof

Gen. Eisenhowers behavior has
been rather curious. Early last week
he was cool to spokesmen for the
New York Illinois California axis
which represents votes, prestige and
the liberal tradition. They came
away convinced that soon he would
make a Gen. Sherman declaration.
Yet in the next few days the gen.
eral spent hours of his presumably
valuable time with lesser lights like
Harry Carlson of New Hampshire
or Senator Johnston of South Caro-
lima. These emerged optimistic.
Allen Is Enigma.
George Allen is another enigma.
There are those close to President
Truman and in the national COM
mittee who dislike and distrust Mr..
Allen; hence the vehemence of de-
mails that they have asked him to
do anything for them. 1t is possible
of course that Mr.. Allen is trying to
be neutral as between two friends
of his but everybody is eying him
aSkance.
Justice William o. Douglas of the
Supreme Court. presumed heir of
Eisenhower sentiment should the
general refuse to run, turks in the
Oregon wilds. Justice Douglas has
promised to keep hands off the
Philadelphia affair and let 1t run
its course without interference from
him.
He will not run with Mr.. Tr' :
man. Before departing, he m
plored one of the Truman high
command to keep him off the
ticket, pleading that he was more
important to the liberal cause on
the bench, that it would imperil
the balance Of power between con-
servatives and liberals there if he
resigned, etc. The President has
accepted his arguments and con-
5iders him unavailable.
Should the President bow to what
may prove to be the inevitable his
own choice Of a successor is neither
Gen. Eisenhower nor Justice Doug
las but the Chief Justice OF the
United States, Mr.. Vinson. Justice
Vinson, a Kentuckian, would be ac-
ceptable to the South and the
liberals. He could yet feel the hot
air of a Philadelphia-born draft.
Evening star., 1948-07-05
By Fletcher Knebel

Two famous MlSSouIl polit1eioiAs
President Truman and Justice
Bennett Champ Clark OF the Court
of Appeals-were at odds today over
the loss of q pair Of pants.
The pants were lost 100 years age
by President John Quincy Adams
on the banks of the Potomac River
President Truman, addressing the
audience at the base of the WASH
ington Monument Saturday, said a
woman job-seeker sat on President
Adams clothes while he was in
swimming au natural.
Justice Clark, former Senator from
Missouri and author of an authori-
tative life of John Quincy Adams,
says the clothes were lost when a
canoe capsized and President Adams
had to swim to the safety of the
Virginia shore.
''The President is confused" JUS
tice Clark said. There was no
woman around when Adams lost his
clothes. I've heard that story, but
it's completely apocryphal. At least
I never found it in my research,
and read everything I could lay
my hands on"
Justice Clark and President Tru-
man are onetime foes who became
friends. Mr.. Clark opposed Mr..
Truman's initial campaign for the
Senate in 1884, but supported him
in 1910 and for Vice President in
1914. The President appointed Mr..
Clark to the Court of Appeals for
the District of Columbia in 1945.
Here is President Truman's ver-
sion of John Quincy's duds::'
ut is said that John Quincy
Adams used to 60 down there Cthe
Potomac River) and swim in the
mornings. instead of going for a
walk as I do.
1T is said on one occasion that
lady who had been attempting
to get job from the President, but
had been unable to get an inter-
view with him, went down to where
he was swimming and sat on his
clothes and made him promise her
a job before she would let him
out of the river"
Here is Justice Clark's version,
as briefed from his book, "Old Man
Eloquent:
President Adams and his servant,
Antoine, set out to paddle to the
Virginia shore in a canoe one early
dawn. The President intended to
swim back.
Half way across, the squall caused
the canoe to fill with water and
both men jumped overheard, The
President had removed only his
shoes, coat and vest. but Antoine,
more cautious, had completely dis
robed.
When they reached the Virginia
shore, the President gave his re-
manning clothes to Antoine, who
went in search of carriage to re-
turn the President to the White
House.
In the meantime, Adams son,
John, had sWum across the river
and the two men basked in the
nude, waiting the return of Antoine.
When that worthy came back with
a carriage, President Adams and
Evening star., 1948-07-05

Germany" was the reason given by
most of the young men and women
who volunteered to 60 to France
from the United States occupation
zone, the report said.
Typhoid Epidemic Fought.
In Bavaria, German and military
Cover Ament health Offices were COM
batting a persistent typhoid epi-
demic at Neu Getting. To the end
of June As deaths and nearly 900
cases of the disease had been re-
ported. Fifty cases in 81 local dis
tricts were traced to persons who
had visited St. Margaret's Shrine
near Neu Getting, a religious pill
grims.
An estimated 1000 worshipers
visited the town in the first month
of the epidemic, before German au.
thorities closed the shrine.
Up to the end of June no Amer
lean personnel was stricken.
Evening star., 1948-07-05

A group of 300 educators will ny
here in chartered planes Wednesday
to spend three days studying Wash
ington as part of their flying
classroom" experiment.
The project started June 81 in
Chicago and will end in Seattle on
July 27. During that time the edu-
Gators will tour the country study
ing a variety Of subjects.
The tour, which will cover $500
miles, is under the Joint auspices of
the American Association of School
Administrators and Michigan State
College. Director of the trip is
Carl M. Horn, associate professor of
education at the college.
with planes, we can make the
whole world a classroom" he main-
tains.
The group will visit the Agricul-
ture Department and the Office Of
Education on Wednesday; take part
Evening star., 1948-07-05
On the Record
Effect of Tito.Stalin Rift Is Expected
To EMERGE After YuSOslav Red Congress

Bulgarian Communist Parties all
of a piece either; there, too, there
are nationalist Communists and
Moscow-C w-Communists. And there are
rumors that all is not cozy between
Foreign Minister Molotov and Mar
shall Andrei Zhdanov, both possible
contenders for the Stain succession.
Rosa Luxemburg Saw Danger.
The dilemma that Moscow is in
was foreseen at the beginning of the
Soviet revolution by the German
Communist leader, Rosa Luxem-
burg, who pointed out to Lenin
the danger of tying an interna-
tional revolution to the interests
of a single state. A revolution
directed by Quislings furthering the
foreign policy of another country
is not revolutionary Quick to grasp
the fact that nationalism is a
stronger force in the world than
Communism, the Soviets have tried
to reconcile the irreconcilable, and
present Communism as movement
and ally of national liberatlon.'
But the Kremlin does not want
genuine revolutions anywhere, for
true revolutions are elemental erup-
tions, arising out of the specific cir
cumstances and realities of the ma
ton, bound to assume native forms
and burst routine patterns. They
also throw up ambitious demagogues
unlikely, with the powers of a state
at their command, to relish the
position of servile hacks. DR.. Paul
Goebbels, in his diaries, complains
that Vidkun Quisling actually re-
garded himself as the leader OF a
Norwegian national awakening, and
did not realize that he was, after
all, only Quisling."
The danger to the Soviet concept
of revolution lies in the very expan-
sion of the Communist Party. AL
most Immediately after seizing pow
er, Klement GottWald of Czecho-
slovakia denounced the opportun-
lists who were flocking into the party.
Communism can rule to suit Moscow
only if the party is small and abso-
lutely disciplined, under its thumb.
There will be Red blood baths
either way, in Yugoslavia and else
where. But it is an inner party mat
ter, and not too-great conclusions
should be drawn from it yet. 1t un-
questionably will have injurious ef-
fects on the Communist parties of
Western Europe and Germany, be-
cause it reveals the insincerity of
their claims to be leading a national
renaissance.
(Released by The Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1948-07-05
This Changing World
Tito's Split With Soviet on Collectivization
Aggravated by Appeal of Marshall Plan

Tito said he could not afford In the
present tense international situ-
alton.
The Serbian peasant Is much more
of an individualist than the Rus
sian and would resist bitterly any
attempt to collectivize his small land
holdings. Marshal Tito's refusal to
obey these orders from Moscow, at
time when other satellite leaders
were following them blindly, was
one of the reasons why he was con-
sidered too independent for the
Politburo's good.
ERP Is q Factor.
Although Marshal Tito has made
no approaches to the western coun-
tries for help-at this stage it would
be too early to ask for any assist
ance-he knows that he would have
the support of an overwhelming
number of Yugoslavs If he decided
on such a dramatic step.
1t is not that the Western powers
are popular in Yugoslavia. But the
reports about the European Recov-
cry Program-which the Kremlin
has tried to suppress-make this
measure OF American assistance to
Europe look far more important to
the peoples of the satellite countries
than to some of the peoples in the
Western democracies.
The Russians, aided by the satel-
lites, have gone long way to tell
their people that the bulk Of UNRRA
assistance came from Russia and
not from the United States. This
trick worked successfully as long
as UNRRA was distributing relief.
But when it ceased, and the precious
food, clothing and medicines from
America ceased to arrive behind the
Iron Curtain, the rank and file of
the people became aware that they
had been helped by America and
not by Russia. There are conclusive
proofs to that effect among millions
of Americans of Slav descent who
correspond with relatives and friends
behind the Iron Curtain.
Although the satellite govern
ments loudly denounce the ERP
every day, the feeling Of the man
in-the-street behind the Iron Cur
tain seems to be that he would
benefit greatly If the American
bonanza were opened up to the
satellite countries.
Marshal Tito, who like all dicta-
tors has his fingers on the pulse
Of the country, realizes that he
could become popular with his peo-
pie If he abandoned subservience
to the Soviet, which has brought
nothing but theological benefits to
the Yugoslavs while keeping their
stomachs empty. He Is not willing,
however, to play his last trump
realignment with the Western ma
tions and the United States-until
he sees more clearly what Russia
intends to do. Furthermore. he is
said to expect the initial overture
to come from Washington. If so,
he is sadly mistaken.
Evening star., 1948-07-05

silent on the matter. It's propaganda
organs throughout the world con-
tinue, however, to make violent at
tacks on Prime Minister Stains
chief lieutenant in southeastern
Europe, describing him as possessing
"Bonapartist' tendencies. They re-
gard him as a little Balkan Napo-
leon who is drunk with his own
power and who does not realize
that, like all satellites, he derives
his light from the Soviet sun.
There are definite indications
that real efforts now are being
made by Soviet agents to bring
about revolution in Yugoslavla
which, the Russians hope, will tear
apart that loosely knit federated
republic. Marshal Tito has a con-
siderable following in his native
Croatia, but is hated by the strongly
nationalistic Serbs, who never
ceased to oppose him, even after the
execution of their war hero, Gen.
Draja Mikhailovich.
Army Devoted to Tito.
Marshal Tito, on the other hand,
commands a good army which is
devoted personally to him and he
relies on the fact that he never
put into effect the agrarian reforms
which Russia demanded. One OF
the chief issues between him and
Moscow has been his refusal to COL
lectivize the farms.
The Politburo pressed Marshal
Tito to follow Russia's example. He
refused and pointed out that it took
the USSR nearly 20 years and a
purge of millions of kulaks (small
land owners before Russia's agra
ran reform was completed. Rus
sia. he said. is the largest country
in the world and could afford such
a luxury.
The purging Of hundreds of
thousands Of peasants, particularly
in Serbia, the Yugoslav breadbasket,
would have disastrous effects on the
country's economy. Moreover, it
would have involved important mil
itary operations, which Marshal
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Man Killed by Policemen
After Threat to Children
Ry the Assoeioted Press

CHICAGO, July 5.-A metal
platter accused of threatening neigh
bor children in a July 4 celebration
was shot and killed in his home last
night in a gun battle with police
man.
The officer, Francis Sloan, was
shot in the jaw before he fired six
bullets into James Coglianese, 81.
Mr.. Sloan was not wounded seri-
ously.
John Mara, a neighbor, reported
to police that Coglianese had
threatened the children if they con-
tinued shooting fireworks. AS Mr..
Sloan started up the stairs at Cog
lianese's home he was doused with
bucket of water. Then as he en-
tered the kitchen he said, Coglianese
emerged from a bedroom with
gun and the close-range battle
began.
Evening star., 1948-07-05
3OOWiII Arrive Wednesday
In 'F|yinq Classroom Tour

in a co-ordinated instruction pro-
gram" presented by the Army, Navy
and Air Corps on the draft and ma
tionaI defense on Thursday, and
visit the Chamber of Commerce and
the CIO headquarters on Friday.
This is the fourth and largest fly
ing classroom undertaken by Mr.
Horn.
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Truman Wrong on Adams Loss
OF Pants. Justice Clark Says

Antoine divided the clothes be-
tween them for the ride to the
White House. Antoine also had
retrieved all of son Johns clothes,
and John walked back fully clad.
Who got the trousers-Antoine or
President Adams-for the return
carriage ride to the White House.
Justice Clark leaves as one Of the
minor mysteries of history.
released by North American Newspaper
Alliance.)
Evening star., 1948-07-05

@ o m m u n ! s |
Party which.
u n | ess su p
pressed by an
e m b o ! d e n e d
Marshal Tito,
will be held
July 81.
The Comm
form denuncia-
ton obviously is
issued to in
struct that Con-
gress and lay
down the new
policy for all
Communist par
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Isucson Asks Candidates
To Back Arms for Israel
BY the Associated Press

NSSOST0Teu
TEL AVN, Israel, July 5.-Repre-
sentative Isacson, American Labor
Party of New York, said last night
he had sent cables to President
Truman, Gov. Dewey and Henry A.
Wallace asking them for election
pledges to lift the United States
arms embargo to Israel.
Mr.. Isacson will end an eight-day
tour of Israel early this week.
Evening star., 1948-07-05

They pity folks
who have to live
in whistle stops
lik Chicago,
Detroit, and Los
Angeles, and for
those of us who
reside in little
towns " e IL,
they pay US so
little mind that
you'd think that
most New York
ers weren't orig
inally from little.
tow ms them
selves.
Evening star., 1948-07-05

W II q Z Russia 8
next step will be.
| While no one
pre- S u m es 20
! forecast devel-
| opments within
the next few
weeks, it is ad-
mitted that the
rift has posed a
great and unex-
pected question
for both the
Soviet and Yu-
goslav dictatorS.
| The Russian
| 6 ov e r n m e n t
,&-A1{
Evening star., 1948-07-05

agreeing uOt tC
accept National
Chairman Nc
Grath's invita- =
tions to speak
at convention
S e S S i ms or
otherwise take
an official part
W h ich might
stamp them pro-
administration.
Mayor O'Dwy-
er of New York
takes command
of the eastern
division with a
luncheon meet
Evening star., 1948-07-05
BuIIfiqhters Stort Fight

Mexico's professional bullfighters
are battling among themselves and
Lorenzo Gel Magnifco) Graza has
quit his job with the union over
politics"
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Bv Constantine Brown

The conflict between Marshal
Tito and the Kremlin continues to
be the center of interest for West
ern diplomats, who are wondering
Evening star., 1948-07-05
Br Doris FIeesOn

The anti-Truman drive gathers
momentum.
Influential labor leaders have been
brought into the discussions and are
Evening star., 1948-07-05
McLemore
Lovers of New York
Found Quick to Leuve
Bv Henry McLemore

New Workers profess to love their
city with a love that most Of us re-
serve for our kith. kin, and the
white meat of chicken.
Evening star., 1948-07-05
By Dorothy Thompson

think 1t would be we'll to reserve
judgment on the breach between
Marshal Tito and Moscow until af-
ter the congress of the Yugoslav