davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
By ZILLAH NJ. WATERS
7l9 9Th Ave. East

Mrs. David MINIS entertained at
an informal gettogether for Mrs.
Calvin Camp Jr, of Toledo. Ohio
for her friends on Saturday, May
8, at the MINIS residence, 1904
Piedmont Ave, at 3 pm. Those
present were Mesdames Earlyn
Bell of Washington, D. c., Mae
Carson. Fred Bell Jr. Frenchie
Bell Johnson and Miss Patsy Rick
man.
Mines Jean Wright and David
McHenry were dinner guests of
Mrs. Sidonia Black, at her home,
7O9 North 8th Avenue East, Sun
day, May IS.
Mr.. and Mrs. C. w Dozier en-
tertained the Social Nine club at
their home, 33l South 10th Ave.
East. Saturday evening, May Is.
Mares Jan Wright Cooked, sew
en- year old daughter of Mrs. Jean
Wright. $751; East 2nd Street. was
presented in a violin recital at the
Villa Friday. Hay IA, at 4 o'clock
The girls in the office of the Ca
tholic Charities presented her with
a corsage. She looked perfectly
adorable in a little blue frOck.
Mrs. Ann Albright is doing jury
duty.
St. Marks A. NJ. f church and
Calvary Baptist church held unior
services Sunday at Calvary Baptist
edifice. Rev Joseph Jackson
spoke from the subject The Tree
and Its Fruit" at the morning serv
ices. His text was taken from Luke
9th chapter 44th verse. The serV
ice was well attended with an en-
thusiastic congregation to heal
Mrs. Magdeline Dennis Roger
of Chicago, an evangelist singer
from the National Baptist conven
ton. Mrs. Rogers has been ap
pearing in and about St Paul ant
kindly consented to accompan!
Rev. ]. Jackson and Mrs. Smltl
here.
Some of Mrs Rogers song
which thrilled the congregation
were: My Prayer" Turn Aside
and God Has a Space on Hi
Program. all Of which were com
posed by her
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
Emily Woods,
Resident 81
Years, Dies

Mrs Emily Woods. A years old
Of 81 Aurora Ave, died May Y,
at Ancker hospital Mrs. Woods
has been resident Of the city
for the past 81 years. She was
born In Birmingham. Ala.
Survivors are: seven children,
william, Frank. Jeanette. Anna
l.. Dixon. Jr., Phylisstlne and Mrs.
Emily Carroll three sisters, Mrs.
Annie McInnis, Mrs. Sophronia
smith. Mrs. Phyllis Judah and a
brother. Frank and two grandchil-
dren
Funeral services were held Mon
day. May IT, pm at the Apostle
lie Faith Assembly church, with
Rev. G. Nelson officiating. Burial
was in Forest cemetery. Neal s
Funeral home In charge.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

lens facing 100000 American In
dians
A prominent actor will come to
Minneapolis to portray the role Of
Walter Pinyon. a young Navajo ex-
CT, whose story is dramatized to
typify the plight Of the Indian pop
ulatlon. Also coming to the Twin
Cities to participate In the broad
cast Is famed symphony conductor
Alfredo Antonini. who will direct
an orchestra consisting Of 20 mem
bers Of the Minneapolis symphony
An original musical score has
been written for the program by
Colin McPhee. noted American
composer OF native music. Robert
Heller. head Of the CHS DOcu-
mentary Unit will be in charge Of
the production.
The broadcast Ia based on six
months Of field investigation by
writers who lived on Indian res
creations and conducted eXhAus'
tive Interviews with Washington
government Olilcials and Indian eX'
ports.
The script Is by Ralph Andrist
and Ralph Backiund, authors Of
wcCo's two prize-winnIng 1871
documentary series, Neither Free
Nor Equal" and AS The Twig II
Bent" Supervising the Indian doc
umentary project were Sig Nickel
son, WCCo Director OF News and
Special Events, and Dr. Philip Ell
senberg OF the CHS Documentary
Unit staff
Previous noteworthy productions
OF the CHS Documentary Unit. in
GLIDING studies Of the nations edu
cation system, juvenile delinquen
~ and public health, have beer
prepared entirely by the Unit stat
md have been broadcast over thu
network from New York City. Tn,
Drigination Of ARROWS In Tn,
Dust" in Minneapolis is a trlbutO
to wCCo for its work in the do,
umentary field, and constitutes
significant departure from network
procedure.
The program will picture. II
forceful style, the struggle for sur
vivRl OF the hundreds OF thousand
OF American Indians who live Of
barren land. with virtually no IA
cilities for public health, education
or employment. Going beyond tn,
problem itself, ARROWS In Tn,
Dust" will propose a practical so
luton.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
CARD or THANKS

| wish to extend my heartfelt
appreciation to my many friends
and urighbUrS for their deeds Of
kindness. acts and love during the
illness Of my beloved husband. VII.
liam benton OvcrtUn and also for
their sympathy, comforting mes
sages and beautiful floral offerings,
during my bereavement at his
death.
Especially am | grateful to Pho
nrer Lodge No. / of the MasOns,
sisters Of COrinthian Temple. Prin-
cess OZiel chapter No. 10 Of Order
Of Eastern Star. CO-wOrkers Of
Northern Pacific General office
. Bldg, Unity Lodge No. 629S, Broth
eThOod of Railroad Clerks; and the
ReyS. SHELTON, Massey, White and
Turner.
Mrs. Mamie williams. wife
and Mrs. Fannie Powell.
grandmother.
CAB st. Anthony Ave
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
National Urban
League Official
In Twin Cities

Guichard Paris OF New York
City director of promotion and
publicity for the National Urban
League Is in the Twin Cities.
While here Mr. Paris Is confer
ring with Urban League stats,
board members and friends Of the
league movement
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
Here is another thing that will
happPn.
happen
NtcwpOlntS

"" libiuI~
In an age Of decision such as
ours. brotherhood darrs not toIe-
rate any exceptions" Rabbi
Joshua 10th Lehman.
Last weeks column about Cen
eraI Eisenhower demonstrated
once again how wrong can be
I paid honest tribute to him. based
on conversations with him in Eu-
rope during the war and in the
United States since his return. as
one who for both practical and
id"alIstlc reasons would never toll
crate discrimination and scgrcga.
tion. He proved me naive nv his
testimony before the Senate Armed
Services Committee advocating
perpetuation Of army segregation
at tho platoon level I apologize
TO the readers Of this column for
having heen dcluded into accept
nnce Of General EiscnhowPr's
words At their face value. And
for believing nc had courage to
tackle rremdice - valiantlv as he
ID the NaziS The fact, Of which
~" ARMY boasts the white and
N"rro soldiers fought ably and
without friction during the critI-
al R'tl" NJ the Bulge seems to
have faded from the Generals
memory" Walter White
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

Jobs IN the same establishment.
They keep the Negroes in the NOR
mental jobs.
The editorial continues:
7 Compulsory upErading Of Ne.
gro employees to positions Of suprr-
vision over whites In the same IA
Cial ratio
Mr.. President, this program Of
divide and conquer has been used
by Great Britain in her colonies
for centuries In India 1t nourish-
cd and fed the caste system. Now
that the Hindus have freedom, they
are taking steps to abolish that
system In America there are de-
magOgues who are trying to
strengthen the caste system at the
very same time It Is being elimi-
mated in other parts Of the world
Racial discrimination in America
Is losing us more friends than we
are gaining by the money We are
spending under the Marshall plan
The editorial continues:
enforcement ~ these require
''r,''' w '''' "'" ''''
That Is listed as the last terrible
thing that will happen.
Then the editorial saws.
Vote for these delegates and cleo
2IF ~n' w %m , I"Ir To-" 1c,y, r", rigbt ~
for Negroes. \ delegate or an eIecr
dent also votes Tor Truman's civil
rlE ,h program Th"y are tled 20, e.
n -,
,a.,Ia.aI 49,, ~. -. ,,,a,
.,-.. -, 49,. -,.,r -,-,,-
49,,
-, 49,,
,-,-,--., -,
-, NJ. =.
80,
-
-L 49, =, 49,,
-. e,- 49,.
-, -. -. ...,,,- 49,,
-. =, =.
-. -,
49,. -, =,
80, ,, 80 -,
- ~,
-. ,...- =, 60, a..
-,
I cannot conceive Of such things
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
THE CHURCH OF GOD N CHRIST
q

SUNDAY. May Is was missionary
day and the services were well at
tended all day. Visiting mission
worth and Miss Cora May Isabel
and Mrs. Roberta Virgins Of Min.
ueapnlis There were other visitors
from ST. Paul and Minneapolis and
Churches Of the Twin Cities.
4 l1yrIy chicken dinner was serv-
ed nv Mrs. =. J. BufDrd. A Mothers
day cake was presented to Mrs.
HIford by the Hospitality group.
Also gifts from members Of the
church,
Refreshments were served by the
HospitaIity group Of which Mrs
Ethel Smith is president. A very
pleasant hour was spent from to
Rev. p. J. Butord, pastor
Ne L Drake rem nrler
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
REV. MASSEY TO ATTEND
NORTHERN BAPTIST MEET
AT MILWAUKEE, MAY a

Rev. Floyd Massey Jr. will at
tend the annual meeting Of the
Northern Baptist convention at
Milwaukee, Wis, May "a to 20.
He will return to st. Paul on
May 30 in time for Memorial day
services at Pilgrim Baptist church.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
Sioux Falls,
So. Oak
News
By MRS OSCAR BRIDGEWATER

Mr.. Walter Edgar, IFS North Da-
kota Ave went to the Sioux Val
ley hospital Friday to undergo a
minor operation.
st. Johns Baptist church, Rev.
II " Bolts, Jr.. pastor, Sunday,
May 18th. Subject And Jesus
Stood Still Rev. Bolts, Jr.. stat
ed that when we take time out for
meditation that we will find that
things that cause so much diff
Guilty will vanish into nothing be
fore the matchIess love Of God.
The Revs Mr.. Wayne Cain and
Bob Thatcher, students at the
Sioux Falls College were present
ed and introduced and took part
in the services. Mr.. Frank W.
Steer a former groceryman Of the
city and now a candidate for state
representative was a visitor The
senior choir rendered the music
with Mrs. Ruth McIaurin with a
colo. Evening worship, subject
Things That Cannot Be Shaken.
The church club, Mrs Melvin
Smith. president. with the Youth
Of the church assisted by Rev. and
Mrs. Bolts Jr., and Mr. and Mrs.
Alfred White sponsored the social
hour followed with lunch.
nIrs. BIaDeI Anderson, Umana,
Nebraska sister Of Mrs Eta Mox-
I lev. ql5 No Main Ave. left for
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

The family must prepare lndl-
viduals for broad community ser
vice through encouraging cxpan-
sive sympathies new attitudes. and
loyalties. It is not sufficient to
develop warmth and sympathy for
the immediate family and neigh
bOrs. These must extend to other
peoples and nations" Or f.
Franklyn Frazier. chairman, De
partment Of Sociology. Howard uni
versity.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
EARD DE THANKS

We wish to express our sincere
thanks to our many friends and
neighhOrS for their expressions oI
sympathy flowers and cards. dur
ing our bereavement on the death
~ our father and husband
Mrs. MARY Patrick
and family
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

The Young WOmen's club Of Pill
grim Baptist church, met Tuesday,
May Is. with Mrs. Theodosia Grant
at I3S Rondo Ave, at 8 pm.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
US. indians Plight Depicted
In Radio Document, "Arrows
In the Dust, CHS, Moy 22nd

Americas radio listeners will focus their attention
Saturday. May % when Arrows In The Dust CHS
Documentary Unit presentation. originated the Twin Cities
by WCCO for the entire Columbia Purpose Of the
dramatic One-hour broadcast be heard pm
WCCO survey for the American people the urgent prob
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

Our object should hr to produce
more. to enrich the poor. rather
than TO soak the rich. You don
get wealth without work or seCur-
lily without sweat" Dr <. c Tril-
lingham. county sup"riurt ndent OF
schools
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

Mrs. Robert Jones' ana two
daughters, Judy and Jewell OF 100
w. Central Ave. will leave St Paul
Sunday, May %, for Seattle, where
they will spend several months Wis
iting Mrs. Jones father, Mr.. Roy
Davis.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

bethesda Baptist church. me
John Howard choir will appear at
Bethesda church Thursday. June ~
at pm. They are coming for a
return engagement by popular de
mand.
sunday. May ,. at the morning
service, Rev. Jerome Tate. the pas
tor. will use Yesterday and To
morrow" for his subject.
Mrs. Dessa Gresham returned to
her post as choir direCtress last
sunday. after having undergone a
series OF operations.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

As Carnegie Pops" artist, June
MCMechen brilliant young lyric
soprano, sang again the immortal
melodies from "Porgy and Bess
to a New York audience when she
appeared wednesday evening, May
10, at Carnegie Hall Singing with
Miss McMechen was James Young,
star OF the Broadway hit Call Me
Mister" The Carnegie Pops
symphony orchestra was conduct
ed by Richard KOrn
In IT. Paul the people cad the
RECORDER
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21

Let Is not forget Teachers Meet
Ing and PRAYER service each Wed
urgdav AT 100 and 500 pm.
Edith Massie
Church Reporter
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-05-21
Taylor Attacks SoUth's Hypocrisy
On Civil Rights Program

The following remarks Of Sen
ate Glenn Taylor Of Idaho, are
reprinted from the May 3. edition
Of the Congressional Record, Off
clal publication Of the U. s. SEN
ate and House Of Representatives:
Mr.. Taylor. Mr.. President, l have
a full-page advertisement from a
Birmingham newspaper, the Biz
mingham News-Age-Herald. I
want to say this for that news
paper, that II Is a pretty good one.
II gave the incidents which hap
pened down there full and decent
covcrage II even contained an
editorial concerning the woman
propcrty-owner who was arrested
and booked on a vagrancy charge.
II was critical editorial think
1t is a pretty good newspaper
As I have stated, this Is a full
page advertisement. There Is a
political campaign going on down
there now; and when one Is told
that they love the Negroes and will
take care OF them eventually. II
we will Just let them alone and
give them time. II Is hard to be-
lieve when we see things like this
The editorial says:
| Defeat Truman's civil rights pro
/ gram Safeguard segregation.
| what civil rights mean to you.
President Truman has asked Con
gress to pass his Civil-rtyhts pro
/ gram aimed at the destruction OF
/ the SOuth's aggregation laws. Here
1 Is what this program calls Tor.
l. Adjustment ~ segregation In
/ an public schools both AS t. chill
/ dTen and teachers
Would not that be terrible, Mr.
President? My son has attended
schools with colored children. II
never rubbed off on him He came
home Just the same as he had left
He looked all right.
. AhOlishwcnt ~ segregation
In all colleges. including church
l schools. such us ludsun. Howard
| birmingham southern. and Hunting
don
Church schools, Mr.. President
Can we imagine Christianity par
black and part white? It is dim
cult for me 70 conceive Of thes,
things never did conceive o
them until I travelled in the Soutl
where these things happen The,
have been brought home to me
Reading further from the edi
torial:
2 Adjustment 81 ~rgrrgatiun e.
state supported colleges such %
Alabama. Auburn. MuutcN allu. ana
thg teacher colleges
Adjustment " segregation 1t
restaurants. hotels ptrtur" Shove
beauty shops aud winning pooh
Here is another thing that Wi
happen:
Compulsory cmploylurut 81
Nrgrnvs Iu every business ,Sta 4. 81
mrnt cup To Approximately ~ pc
cent In Jefferson tuuntNn and tn
dis'hnrE" ~ present employee
"a hvrr necessary To- achieve a rnIt
~ rmplo,mrnt in All businesses e
80 Ter cent white employees an
lh Ter cent Negro employees
q. compulsory ass collation. {
WHITES and Neg rnr~. working sid
nN std" In ON, "~ tud factories. loo,
drug. aud department stores
or course Mr. Pres idCnt tina
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-22
1000 Tokyo Babies
Reported With Jap
Mothers, GI Fathers
By Reyes Beech
Foreign Correspondent Of The star and
the Chieaao Dolly News

d
TOKYO, Jan. 22.-Japan today
as has every other postwar Army
occupied country In the past-faces
q major social problem as q result
Of the presence Of foreign troops.
This time the United States Army
Is responsible.
Nationwide figures are not avail
able, but in Tokyo alone, 1000
babies with Japanese mothers and
American fathers have been born
since occupation began ~ months
ago.
Two Japanese institutions here
are currently caring for 200 of these
CT babies and I personally found
1913 more in Our Lady Of Lourdes
baby home in Yokohama.
Army Ignores Problem.
Despite its obvious responsibility,
the Army Of Occupation is ignor-
ing the problem, refusing even to
recognize the existence of the lille
climate baby crop. So, apparently
1t will be up to the Japanese to
solve it.
So far they seem to be doing a
pretty good job. An organization
known as LARA licensed Agencies
for Relief in Asia. set up to handle
privately donated relief supplies
from America, has been providing
powdered milk, medicines and other
necessities. Occasionally a parcel
arrives from a soldier-father re-
turned to the United States.
The Yokohama home, managed
by nuns, opened nine months after
the occupation began with a ca
pacity for 60 babies. It has doubled
It's. accommodations. Altogether 1t
has cared for 1874 babies, and many
japanese girls are now going there
to have their babies. With a few
exceptions the infants appear to. be
a healthy, well-fed lot, probably
better cared for than the majority
of Japanese children.
Many Are Adopted.
Just how many Of these illegiti-
mate children have been accepted
into japanese homes cannot be
determined, but the number is be-
lieved to be large. Probably most of
those adopted are girls, since In
Japan first sons inherit family prop
erty. At any rate, out Of 10
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-22
Navy to Take Over
Bellevue Houses Again

Abe Navy on February ! will reas-
sumo control of COL dwellings In the
Bellevue Houses development, Ana
costa, which it relinquished to the
National Capitol Housing Authority
In l945.
Tenants in the development are
present or former employees Of the
Potomac River Naval Command.
The dwellings were built originally
by the Navy to house its own per-
sonnel-both military and civilian.
Tenants will begin paying their rent
to the Navy on February /.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-22
Absence Of Lawyer Delays
Abe Hearing on 80 Charges

A liquor license for the year be-
ginning February l will not be issued
to Mrs. Esther Lazarus, proprietor
70 Esthers' Grill, 52l Massachusetts
avenue NV, until she answers the
citation containing 80 charges of
violations OF the Alcoholic Beverage
Control regulations, the board ruled
yesterday.
Mrs. Lazarus was scheduled to be
heard on the charges yesterday, but
her attorney was unable to appear
because he was engaged In a case
in the District Court. Mrs. Lag
arus appeared before the board and,
after several hours in a futile eff
fort to get her attorney, Charles E.
Ford, to appear before the board,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-22

babies being cared for BY institution,
are boys.
One Catholic sister told me that
most OF her institutions charges
eventually would be sent to Japanese
orphanages.
"You will notice that some show
hardly any trace Of Oriental blood .
she said. "Those we plan to keep
here, and give Christian education.
Their troubles won't start until they
begin to grow UP and realize they
are different from other children"
One out of 10 babies now in the
Yokohama home was fathered by a
Negro CT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-22

the case was postponed indefinitely.
After tho hearing the board held
a conference with Mrs. Lazarus and
her former attorneyrF. Joseph Don
ahue, and told her the board would
not issue q license to her until she
"can show cause why the place is
worthy OF being licensed"
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1948-11-12
Montana Liquor


calls for earmarking all or a portion
of liquor revenue for the school
equalization fund.
Also in sight is a demand for i'm
proved law enforcement generally,
especially since so many liquor re-
tailers are involved in operation of
so-called non-profit clubs that feat
ure slot machines.
Not Permitted
Such clubs, by law, are not per-
mitted to have other types of gamb-
ling that are legal in a fraternal or
ganization. In practice, inspectors
for the health department will check
or close an establishment that does
not meet health standards but does
not worry if state law regarding
gambling or liquor is being violated.
The board of equalization, as a tax
collection agency, will insist no slot
machine operate in non-profit or
fraternal club without the proper
license but contends it is not police
agency and thus would ignore viola
IAOil VI SdliDllilS VI lIQuOI laws III
the same establishment. The liquor
control boards inspectors are inter
ested in seeing its own rules and reg
ulations are complied with.
The attorney general of Montana
may not file criminal cases direct
and so usually disposes of informa-
ton regarding law violations that
come to his attention by sending it
on to the attorney of the county
where the complaint originates.
At numerous times since 1900 gov
errors and attorneys general have
suggested a state law enforcement
agency of some sort be set up but as
yet nothing has come of the idea.
One proposal has been that the office
of state sheriff be created. Another !
is that greater responsibility be plac-
ed on the attorney general and he be |
given the staff and funds to enable
him to assume the responsibility.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1948-11-12
Ladies Auxiliary OF
Mine-Mill More
ActiyeIn Butte

Butte-Mrs. Marie Goforth, re-
Gently appointed by the executive
board of IUMM&SW, as a full time
organizer for the Ladies Auxiliary
to Mine-Mill, is in the Couer de-
Alenes this week at the request of a
group of miners wives there, and
expects to have auxiliary locals OPP
Grating in Kellogg, Wallace and Null
Ian before very long.
Mrs. Goforth was in Anaconda Fri
day comforting with officers of the
Shelter Workers union and ladies
who plan to have a new auxiliary
functioning in the smelter city with
in a couple of weeks.
In Butte, Ladies Auxiliary Local 7,
is showing increased activity. They
have offered their services to the
Miners union to assist in the big an
nual Christmas basket project, and
they are also making plans to con-
verge on Helena during the legisla-
tive session to lobby for labor laws
when such laws are on the floor.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1948-11-12

will be done by stealth, by imper-
ceptible degrees, and in the name
of liberty, freedom and democ-
racy.
The lessons teach us that all the
people belong together in this fight.
We must not allow ourselves to hate
or demean any organization or other
human individual, regardless of race,
color, nationality, or other character
istic. Eternal vigilence is indeed,
the price of liberty
Our sincere gratitude to Henry
Wallace and the new party.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1948-11-12
SPEAKING OF FIRE SALES

What is startingly revealed is
the way in which the Republican
party is removed from the reali-
ties of present day American life.
1t is today a party in bank
ruptcy. What its fire sale value
may be only the distant future can
tell. The measure of it's compla-
cency and ignorance was that a
charming stuffed shirt named
Hugh Scott could be chosen ma
tional ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Childs,
Washington columnist.