davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1948-05-07

Lietuviais, prisilaikant tevu
religijos. Tai stipriausias ir
sveikiausias pagrindas LIETU-
VYBES palaikymui.
Lietuvos laisvinimui ir Lie
tuviu tautos gelbejimui nuo is
naikinimo reikia jieskoti ceres
niu priemonu negu srovinis
lenktyniavimas, kaip kad brolis
j. sauciunas pasiule. Ameri-
kos Lietuviu vadai ir kiti vel
kejai baigdami savo gyvenima
turf atsizadeti tOlesnio skaldy-
mo musu mazos tautos j politi-
res sroves. O imtis darbO tau
tos likuciams j viena Lietuviq
tautos Selma vienyti. Tai turf
daryti ir kitur gyvena Lietu-
vial. stai ko NUNS reikia sick
I'll!
To tikslo siekimui as reko-
menduoju stai koki plana:
(D' Americas Lietuviu ke-
turios sroves turi saukti Ame-
rikos ir Kanados Lietuviu SUI
vaziavima, arba selma. Paw.
Lapkricio M, tuoj po preziden-
to ir kongreso rinkimQ.
(2) Shame seine turetu butt
issamiai isnagrinetas Lietuviu
susiskaldymas sroves, ka jos
gero ar blogo Lietuviu tautai
yra atnesusios.
(3) Atsizvelgiant i padetl,
kurion Lietuva ir dalis JOS
zmoniu (tremtiniai) atsidure,
kad sekmingiau Lietuvos lais-
vinimo ir tremtiniu gelbejimo
darba varius, seimas turetu is
nesti Deklaracija j pasaulio
Lietuvius, kad nuo sio laiko at
sisakoma ir panaikinama visos
Iiki siol veikusiOs politines sro-
ives, atsiduOdama isimtinai
Lietuvos laisvinimo ir Lietuviu
tautos stiprinimo darbui.
(4) Atsikracius "srovizmo', !,
seimas perrenka, papildo ir SUI
stiprina naujais nariais dabar-
tine Americas Lietuviu Tary-
ba. arba sudaro visai nauja or
CANA, sakysim ''Vyriausias
Lietuvai Islaisvinti KOmitetas
siaurineje Amerikoje."
(5) ALT, arba naujal pa
rinktas organas pasilieka veik-
ii Xxi Lietuvos Nepriklausomy-
be taps atstatyta, nezlurlnt
kick laiko tai uztruktu.
Co Kad palaikius ia darba
gyvu ir veikliu - toks orga-
mas turetu saukti selma kas
du metal. arba dazniau, reika-
lui atsiradus..
(7) Palaikomi glaudus san
tykiai SUI VLIK'u Europoje.
(8) ALT, .arba naujai pa
rinktas organas, pasiskirsto /
reikalingas %kemisijas ir prade-
da rinkliavosavaju Lietuvos va
davimo darbalms testi.
Toks Amerikos ir Kanados
Lietuviu Seinio nutarimas lku-
nytu norus ir pageidavimus ir
mano, ir brolio J. sauciuno, ir
visu. kitu veikeju bel visu Lie
tuviu, kurie senai laukia vie
ningos ir gyvos akcijos Lietu-
vos vadavimo ir tremtiniu gel
bejimo reikaluose.
Labai butu geistina isgirsti
apie 81 "plana" nuomone kitu
veikeju, ypatingai neseniai at
vykusiu j 81 krasta tremtiniq.
O gal kas turetu kitokiu pasiu-
lymu?
Zigmas Jankauskas.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1948-05-07
SKAITYTOJU DOVANOS IR
PARAMA DIRVAI
PRIDEKIT DOLARI-KITA

Visu Dirvos prenumeratoriu
prasome parodyti savo gera
sirdi paremiant Dirva, prideji-
mu dolario-kito prie savo pre-
numeratos. Tas leidzia NUNS
ispildyti musu tremtiniu pra-
symus ir siuntineti jiems ne
mokamai Dirva Europa, kas
daug brangiau atsieina negu
siuntinejimas pacioje Ameriko-
je.
ITEMS kurie Dirvoje raso is
tremties jums idomiu rastu,
is tu paciu jusu auku Dirva
sulyg isgales pasiuncia ir mai
sto pakietelius alkaniems rasy-
tojams, sergantiems zurnalis-
tams, ir tt.
Siuskit savo auka prie pre-
numeratos, idedami laiske do
lari-kita daugiau, arba ispirk-
dami money orderi, ar cekl,
Wis pridekite savo dovana.
DIRVA
$500 Superior Avenue
Cleveland 8, Ohio.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1948-05-07
VETERANU Administracija

visokiais apsirikimais ir paciu
veteranu klaidingais ar klas-
tingais isreikalavimais permo-
kejo II Pasaulinio Karo vete-
ranams net S893,O0O suma.
Tukstanciai G.. is kuriu per-
mokejimai pradeta susekti, SUI
laukia is Administrators pra-
nesimus paraginancius grain
ii nelegaliskai paimtas sumas.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1948-05-07
DIRVA
$500 Superior Avenue
Cleveland 3, Ohio.

OHIO valstijOs zymus Demo
kratas, Charles G.. Sawyer, is
Cincinnati, Prez. Trumano pa
skirtas, jau uzeme Komercijos
Sekretoriaus vieta kabinete, pc
to kai il buvo palikta tuscia
Sekr. Harrimano paskyrimu
specialiu ambasadorium Euro
pal, kurio pareiga yra vykdyti
Marshallo plana.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1948-05-07
NauiaS Bendro |eikinlO PIanaS

Tokia antraste p. J. sauciu-
mas raSo Kovo IL d. "Vieny-
bes numeryje. Jis sake:
'Kadangi Xxi siol nei vienu
trecdaliu nei ketvirtdaliu mu-
su sroves negalejo susitarti
del Lietuvos vadavimo veiklos
subendrinimo, tai pagal nauja
plana, kiekviena srove turetu
paskirti po du savo atstovus
bendram posedziui. Sic astuo-
nj asmenys isteigtu nauja or
ganizacija arba nauja centra.
Centras issirinktu valdyba ir
pasiskirstytu darbais. Jie issi-
rinktu izdininka, bet izde nei
cento."
"Dabar jie skelbtu vaju pa
skirdami kiekvienai srovei ly-
gia kvota po 100000. Visos
sroves imtusi intensyvaus dar-
bo lenktyniaudamos, kad surin-
kus paskirta pinigu kvota, nes
pasilikti uzpakalyje butu di-
dziausia geda.
Tokiu budu prasidetu naujas
gyvenimas, naujas veikimas
Lietuvos laisvinimo naudai lr
IT,"
Sis naujas planas gal ir bu-
tn geresnis uz dabartinius lval-
Iriu organizaciju planus, bet jis
nedaug kuo skirtusi nuo paski-
ru sroviu vaju Xxi siol vedamu:
Juk ir Xxi siol buta varzymosl
tarp atskiru sroviu, bet kick
vienu atveju vajai nenusiseke.
Vargu pasisektu ir J. sauciu-
no pasiulytu planu. stai kas
galima pastebeti visuomeninia-
me darbe:
Musu didziuliame mieste tu-
rejome siais metals keturius
Lietuviu parengimus: Sausio
81 d. Alice Steponavicienes lis
Chicagos) dainininkiu koncer-
tas, Vasario 16 d. - Lietuvos
Nepr. paminejimas, Vasario rs
d. komunistai turejo savo
"koncerta", Kovo Z d. - socla-
listai buvo surenge prakalbas
tikslu parinkti auku tos min
ties studentijai esanciai trem-
tyje. Kurie, skaitytojau, pa
rengimai, jus manote, tureJo
pasisekimo? Atsakymas yra
A. Steponavicienes dainininkiV
koncertas ir Lietuvos Nepri-
klausomybes paminejimas. Sic
du nepartiniai parengimai SUI
trauke 500 600 klausytoju
daugiau jaunu, negu senQ, kuo-
met partiniai parengimai -.
geriau apie mano amziaus IL
senesniu zilagalviu ir plikiu pa
stangas atsijauninti nekalbe-
stu.
Partines sroves gal ir buvo
reikalingos musQ jaunystes
laikais, sakysim 4O-5O metU
atgal, kai dar lietuviskumas II
patti LIETUVYBE kaipo tau
tos pulsas mazai kan buvo su,
prantamas. Ia laikotarpi jau
atgyvenome; il palaiko tie pa
) tvs seniai veikejai, kurie parti.
nes sroves sutvere. Jaunoji g
; karta, ypatingai Amerikoje gl'
musi, partinemis srovemis vi
sal, arba labai mazai, tesldoml
Jei ir randasi kick, kurie uzsl,
krete nuo savo tevu arba kitv
neamerikoniniu veikeju ir pasl-
leido sau jieskoti isganymo ko-
munizmo dumblyne, visgi toklV
yra labai mazai. Pagyvene Jle
atras tai, ka is musu ne vie
mas patyreme. -.
Musu jaunimo dauguma yra
linkus butt gerais AmerikOnais-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1948-05-07
NEUzMIRSKIT Sc

Rasydami Dirvos Redakcijai,
Administrator ar Agenturai
kokius paklausimus, visada ide-
kit uz Sc paste zenkleli atsa-
kymui. Tas butina.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Pure Oil Co.
Union Talks
Continuing

Contract negotiations were re-
sumed this week at the Commo-
dore Perry Hotel between Local
$40, Oil Workers Union-ClO
and officials of the Pure Oil Co.
covering laboratory and office
workers.
The strike of the company S
production workers now in its
10 month is awaiting final set
tlement pending the outcome OF
the current negotiations on the
production workers agree
ment.
Martin Swauger, Federal Me-
diation and Cancellation Service
commissioner was present al
the negotiations in an attempt
to expedite an agreement sc
that the final settlement of bott
production and non-productior
workers contract could be made
kby the LMC according to th'
agreement made last week be
tween the company and LM(
| panel.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Strike Ties
Up Messages

NEW YORK, Jan. z (LPA)-v
Two.thirds of normal overseas
cable facilities we're shut off
when 5000 comm un / cations
workers left their jobs last week.
Companies now struck are Mac
kay Radio, Commercial Cables,
All.American Cables, and West.
ern Union Cables.
Employees of the All,Ameri.
can Cable Co. are represented by
an unaffiliated union, but its
strike plans have been coordi.
mated with those of the Ameri-
can Communications Assn.CIO,
which represents the workers in
the other firms. All of the com.
panies except Western Union are
operating subsidiaries of the
American Cable e. Radio Corp,
which in turn is a part of the
International Telephone & Tele-
graph system.
The unions have asked for a
30qo wage increase and con.
tinued union security gurantees.
Forest L. Henderson, executive
vice.president of American Cable
& Radio claims 1947 operating
losses force the company to re.
fuse consideration of any wage
demands
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Italian Conmies
Weakened In
Trcde Unions

X . NJ e cLPA) - Although
they remain the strongest po-
litical force within the Italian
General Federation of Labor
(CGIL), the Italian Communists
have been set back by develop
ments in Italy.
Pressure from pro-western
Christian Democratic and fright,
wing" Socialist Workers Party
delegates forced a partial break
in the alliance between the Com
munist trade union delegates and
their allies of Pietro Nenni's
"left.wing" Socialist Party. The
Socialists at the recent CGIL
conference supported a motion
stipulating the right of each
union to decide whether or not II
will support strike calls issued by
the CGIL's executive committee
Faced with this show of inde
pendence by the Socialists, the
Communists yielded to the op
position position, and their trade
union leader, Guiseppi di Wit
torio, secretary of the CGIL, in
corporated it in his report of the
meeting.
The failure of the Rome strike
and the split in the French trade
union movement which resulted
from the stubbornness of the
Communist union leaders there
appears to have forced the ltal
ian CP to make concessions tC
opposition tendencies a m o n
Italian workers, for fear thai
their position as the leading, al
though minority, group within
united trade union movement
will be destroyed.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Time Study
Rights

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 -
IPA) = Time study men are
expert, fact-finding employees,
but management personnel
the NLRB held in its first rul-
ing defining the term "profes-
sional employees" as used in the
aft-Hartley law.
The B ar d unanimously
ruled, in a Worthington Pump
Corp. case, that time-study ex-
perts are professional en-
ployes" and therefore entitled
to organize for collective bar
gaining under the law with the
Boards protection.
A three-man majority, Board
members Herzog, Houston and
Murdock, emphasized that "the
principal function of these en-
ployes is to determine the fac
tual basis for the operation OF
the company's incentive wage
plan. Although it appears that
thew exercise considerable judg-
ment and discretion in the per
Torrance of their duties, they
do not do so to any substantial
degree in the formulation OF
management policies"
The Board affirmed, however
that the provisions of the law
require that such employees al
ways bargain through a sepa-
rate unit, not as a part of q
rank union.
The case arose from the un-
willingness of the Worthingtor
Pump & Machinery Corp. o1
Holyoke, Mass, to bargain with
the indepedent Time & Motion
Study Association. A require
ment of the Boards decision is
that the union within 80 days
register with the Board its fl.
nancial statements and comply
with the non-Communist affi-
davit provisions of the Taft.
Hartley law.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
u. S. Impress French

NEW YORK (LPA) - One of
the things that has impressed
the French people about the
Friendship Train gifts of food
has been u. S. labors part in the
voluntary offering. Wrote col
urnnist Drew Pearson from
France: lone thing which has
made a great impression in
France is the fact that many
American railroad workers con-
tributed their salaries for one
day TO help haul the Friendship
Train across the u. S. A. The
fact that the CIO Steelworkers
union in Pittsburgh gave car
load OF milk and the steelwork-
ers and coal miners in Windber,
Pa. gave a car has greatly inn
pressed the left.wing French
labor leaders"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
.AFM Ends
Making Of
RECORDINGS
CHICAGO, Jan. = GPA

CHICAGO, Jan. 7 = NPA)
- The American Federation
of Musicians-AFL entered the
New Year with a new stra-
tegy to protect the jobs OF
its members from the inroads of
canned music" The new policy
is no more performances for
m m ial phonograph re-
cords"
At midnight on Dec. 81, the
musicians did their last work
for the recording companies,
closed up their music cases and
left for good. In all, I'll record
ing and transcription companies
were silenced.
President James c. Petrillo of
the Musicians declared that the
recording ban will stay on "for-
ever"
Were going through with it;
we're never going to make re-
cords, ever"
Defending the unions policy
Petrillo pointed out that less
than 5000 of the 225,000 mem
bers of the organization had
been receiving any work from
the recording industry = and
most of it only part time. Aver
age earnings of the musicians
from even the largest recording
companies don't exceed $3.50 a
year, he said.
In the radio industry, for ex-
ample, only $50 out of 1900 sta
tions have used any live musi-
cians," the rest relying on re-
cords, transcriptions and net
work programs, Petrillo de-
clared.
That's the situation" he said
1--WE aint mad at anybody. But
what are we supposed to do, 60
on cutting our own throats?
Getting mad at the union amt
going to change the probelm.
Nobody has tried to help us but
they know there is problem.
For the past two years, the
problem had been ironed out by
an agreement under which the
recording ompa ami e paid a
royalty to the union which was
used to employ live musicians
on free public concerts around
the country. However, the Taft
Hartley Act outlawed such an
agreement, leaving the union
with no alternative but to stop
playing for recordings.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
IVA Shows
PROGRESS
BY Bradford v. Carter
LPA COlumnist

KNOXVILLE, Jan. z (LPA)-
Americas one great attempt to
harness the giant power of a
river for the benefit of the
people living in its watershed
made further progress in 1947
In the 14th annual report on the
Tennessee Valley Authority, the
three IVA Directors told Con-
greSs that more consumers were
served, with more electricity, at
a rate substantially lower than
the national average.
In addition, IVA reservoir
systems reduced what would
have been the sixth largest flood
in 100 years at Chattanooga
substantially, and averted ST.
100000 in flood damage.
Congressional owes that
would force IVA to pay off the
federal investment more rapidly
than originally planned - thus
preventing IVA from expand
ing its facilities-were countered
in the report. Private power in
terests would like to limit
TWAS expansion thru an amend
ment requiring larger cash pay
ments into the Treasury each
year. Instead, the report advo-
Gates that the government, as
the owner of IVA, will be in a
better position if earnings re-
main in the business to provide
for expanded facilities and in
creased earnings and . in time
a growth in value far beyond
the cash originally provided
from the Treasury"
Residential use of electricity
in the area covered by the 139
municipal and cooperative sys-
TENS serving 743,000 consumers
rose nearly 1919 in the year
The average rate was 1.66c per
kilowatt hour, and the average
annual bill was S36.51. This
compares wit h the national
average use of 1885 XVIII, and
the average annual bill of
$43.49.
The average domestic con-
sumer in the IVA region used
500 more electricity and paid
16% less for it than the average
such consumer in the natinrn
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Unions Invest In Coop

WASHINGTON (LPA) - The
first union organizations to in
vest in a cooperative in the ma
TONS capital were announced
this week by the E. A. Filene Co.
operative of Va, which is the
first coop department store in
the u. S. The Retail Clerks.
AFL local in Washington has in.
vested $1,000 in 20 shares of
stock in the store. The Washing
ton Union Label League also has
invested, as has President Glen
Preller of the Central Labor
Union. Glen Wall, member of the
research staff of the Interna.
tional Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers.AFL, is secretary of the
cooperative.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Initiation
To Continue

WASHINGTON, Jan. Z -
.LPA) - The annual crop of
forecasts of what's going to
happen to the U. S. economy
in 1948 were produced by
government e onom lists last
week. Most of them took a long
look at the record for 1947-
soaring prices, juicy profits, ris-
ing industrial production marred
by shortages of steel, and only
slightly higher real wages-and
predicted more of the same for
the new year.
Reported Evan Clague, Com
missioner of Labor Statistics, 'In
1947 American labor was en-
ployed on civilian production on
a larger scale than ever before.
Despite this, there was little
gain in real wages or living
standards during the year. High
er wages were offset by price
increases in an economic situa-
ton dominated by continuing
heavy demand, both domestic
and foreign, for capital equip
ment as well as consumer
goods.
Substantially less production
time was lost in industrial dis
Iputes than in the previous year.
The second round wage in
creases of 1947 were negotiated,
in large part, in a spirit of COM
promise. There was little dis
pute on the equity of wage in
creases to offset, at least in part,
the rist in the cost of living that
followed Immediately after the
lifting of price controls and the
elimination of subsidies, in the
second half of 1916.
Prices Are Problem
AS 1947 came to an end the
problem of ch e cki in & infla-
tionary price development was
still the major problem threat
ening the high levels of en-
ployment, production, and in
come that had been achieved
| following the reconversion pc
riod.
Reports for December are
Expected to show continued
gains in employment and pro-
duction at substantially higher
levels than a year ago. There
was little indication by mid
December of any cessation in
the upward m vem ent of
prices"
The high prices were the
main cause of the "on paper"
rise in the total national product
to $3.50 billion, the Commerce
Department reported. The Com
merce report stated:
Another set of figures that
looked better on the surface
than they did when subject to
sexpert inspection were those on
savings. The Securities & Ex-
change Commission found that
in 1947 Americans were saving
at twice the pre-war rate. How
ever, the increases in savings
were in bank checking ac-
counts-used largely by high
income people--and in Series F
and G government bonds, the
larger denominations preferred
by wealthy investors.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
This Is News

WASHINGTON (LPA) - Ac.
cording to the Gallup Poll, the
high cost of living led the list of
the most interesting" news
stories of the year 1947. Second
came relations with the Soviet
Union, and third came the Taft
Hartley laws passage and its
aftermath. Other labor events in
the top news of the year were
John L. Lewis tiffs with the gov
ernment, school teachers and
telephone workers strikes.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Close Gets New Job

CHICAGO (LPA)-The Sheet
Metal Workers International AS.
sociation-AFL this week an.
nounced that James w. Close,
heretofore a vice.president of the
union, has been elected secre.
tary-treasurer to succeed the late
w. M. O'Brien, who died several
weeks ago. Close had been
leader of Local 13 in Chicago
and an international vice.presi.
dent for the past IL years.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Action Delayed"

WASHINGTON GPA)-The
House Committee on Small Busi-
ness, which early in 1947 had
urged removal of "tax privi.
leges" from cooperative bust.
nesses, last week issue a COM
prehensive report which com.
pletely avoided any recommended
tons on co-ops. Evidently
burned" by the sharp criticism
earlier this year when the COM
mittee tried to prove that co-ops
in Greenbelt, Md. and farm co.
ops on the west coast were re-
ceiving privileged treatment from
the federal government. Chair
man Walter c. Ploeser (R. Me.)
said any action on co-ops has
been "delayed."
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Jim Grow On +he Run

DALLAS (LPA) - Another
milestone of southern progress
was placed last week when two
Negro football players-members
of the Penn State team-played
Southern Methodist in the Cotton
Bowl New Years Day game.
End Dennie Hoggard and half
back Wallace Triplett who help.
ed their team complete an un-
beaten season were the two 'ice-
breakers"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Democrats Take
Over Control Of
.Ci+y Council
Continued from Page /

SOhhhMON AAOAA 0SC
groups of people standing around
talking seemed to share the opin.
ion that the new Council would
be a 5.4 Council inasmuch as the
Republicans apparently had been
ordered to oppose everything
which the Democratic members
favored.
Following passage of several
emergency finance ordinances,
Council set aside all business to
Jan. IL on motion of Councilman
Czelusta and adjourned to that
date.
Newly elected Councilmen who
took their places in the City
Council for the first time in
cluded Jerome Jesinowski, viii,
liam E. Calvin and Dan Degnan.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1948-01-09
Typos Put
TIL To Test
CHICAGO. Jan. Z = GPA)

CHICAGO, Jan. 7 = NPA)
The Taft-Hartley Act
practically went on trial here
as a subcommittee of the
Labor Committee
swung into the second week of
hearings into the strike of the
International Typographical I'm
ion-AFL on six Chicago daily
newspapers.
Spokesman both for the pub
fishers and for the Typos blam-
ed the Act for snarling up la
bor-management relations IN
the industry. The former, how
ever, insisted on contract
complying with the Act, while
the Typos wanted one that
would get around the pitfalls
of the law.
At one point, as union wit
nesses denounced the law, Rep.
Thomas L. Owens (R., Ill),
chairman of the sub-commit-
tee, broke out with this sur
prising statement:
"If leaders of labor want to
abolish the Taft Hartley Act,
will be in accord with that.
There should not be an act on
the books that would help en-
ployers only"
Then he went on to claim that
the Act sis advantageous tc
labor also" but in the same
breath declared that "the gov
ernment should not interfere
with labor contracts"
Leaders MOI Happy
Whether Owens meant all he
said, or was merely grandstand-
ing at the moment, wasn't GER
tain, but labor observers felt his
remarks showed that some Re.
publicans, at least, aren't happy
over the TIL Act.
Meanwhile, John l.. Pilch
president of Local Is here, made
it clear that 1--WE really are 60
ing to put the heat on soon;" ir
other words, that the local will
iredouble its fight for a show
down with the publishers.
He indicated thta the $500
members employed in com
mercial print shops may soor
walk out, too, as a result of {
breakdown in negotiations fol
wage increase and for "con
ditions of employment" that pro
tect the "closed shop" The ole
contract expired on New Years
eve, though the printers did no
Immediately follow that up with
a stoppage.