davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-06-13
Capitol Securities

Over the COuhVefs
The following bid and asked qaotat'9ehhs nS.r ehs
more nUaa'et dealers, ' members Of the NATIONAL
Association Of Securities Dealers ; az lnS;. aS:
would trade with the gsnersa pasmSled puDnSJl d for for
The Star as Of Friday noon. Origin OF
anH nuot ation furnished on request.
Evening star., 1948-06-13
Woshjnqton Stock Exchange

fReport Compiled BY Exchanos omctas - - --
WASHINGTON STOCK EXCHANGE FOR YEAR 1898 W ~
" AND INCLUDING FRIDAY. JUNE H.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Frunz Lehur

If Franz Lehar had written nothing but
the famous Merry Widow Waltz" he
would be sure of remembrance. But it
happens that his whole life was productive
of graceful melody Even during World
War II he continued composing. Among
the last of his achievements was an
operetta based on Hungary's struggle for
freedom in 1o48.
But Mr.. Lehar survived the age to
which he belonged The Vienna and the
Budapest which he knew in his youth
have disappeared. Nothing but rubble re-
mains of his Berlin. Not global conflict
merely destroyed the era which he in
terpreted. Time likewise has hurt the
Paris, the London and the New York
where his harmonies once set thousands
singing or whistling or humning. He
symbolized gay, expansive, optimistic
civilization which developed in both Europe
and America soon after the start of the
century.
The professional historians have not
agreed about what caused that cheerful
epoch to fail. Nobody wanted 1t spoiled.
Perhaps the masters of human destiny
simply drifted toward disaster. 1t seems
evident that they were no more inten-
tionally at fault than were the make
believe statesmen and generals delicately
lampooned in Mr.. Lehar's musical COM
edies. In the end, however, men marched
10 mass slaughter to the tune of his "hits." !"
"The Merry Widow" was Hitler's favorite
entertainment. He saw it performed on
OF least 81 occasions.
But Mr.. Lehar was not to blame for
shat. His realm was romantic Zenda or
Graustark rather than the Nazi empire
he created Prince Danilo as an ideal
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Russio's 15-Yeur Soil Plan

Soviet Russia is the paradise or planners.
Under its totalitarian regime, private en-
terprise Is anathema while individual
initiative is either tabu or strictly sub
ordinated to direction from above. The
state runs everything and the citizen Is
reduced to the status of cog In q
complex, machine.
In order that this mechanistic setup will
not function haphazardly, the course is set
for long periods of time, with predeter-
mined goals worked out by specialists who
try to correlate and foresee everything.
The result is a series of plans, announced
with great fanfare of publicity and sold
to the people by intensive propaganda.
Hitherto, the most publicized of these
programs have been the various "f1ve-year
plans" each designed to, speed up the
process of industrialization. Now, Moscow
has topped them all by announcing
gigantic fifteen-year plan to transform
Russian agriculture by huge reclamation
and development projects on which mil
lions and millions" of men are to be en-
ployed. The areas affected cover total
of nearly 300000,000 acres.
Russia's toughest agricultural problem
is drought. It's richest belt of soil runs
through the southern part of European
Russia known as the Ukraine, eastward
into Southern Siberia. There, a thick layer
of topsoil rivals in fertility our Mississippi
Valley. Unfortunately, this "black-earth"
belt adjoins wide stretches of desert or
semidesert from which often come hot
summer winds that parch the fertile soil
and wither the crops. Hence, the frequent
crop failures leading to disastrous famines
To cope with this perennial problem, the
new plan calls first of all for the planting
of complex system of forested strips
similar to our own shelter belts" installed
for similar reasons to prevent or minimize
the droughts that turned large sections
Of our western agricultural lands into
"dust bowls" The scope of this Russian
project can be seen by the fact that the
longest of these projected forest belts is
scheduled to run nearly TOO miles from the
| southern Ural Mountains to the northern
head Of the Caspian Sea. Alongside this
are other projects, including the creation
of near fifty thousand reservoirs or
artificial ponds, the shifting of marginal
land from cereals to grass or fodder crops,
and the diversion of rivers for irrigation.
1t all sounds magnificent-on paper
And, with ample budgets allotted regard
less of cost, plus an abundant supply of
cheap slave labor, much will doubtless be
accomplished. But the history of other
Soviet plans suggests there will be waste
and inefficiency, due largely to the rigidity
Of bureaucratic methods over regimented
and depersonalized population.
| It is almost amusing to note that Moscow
Evening star., 1948-10-26

is using this new plan as a propagandist
stick to belabor the western democracies,
especially ultracapitalistic America. Prav-
da, the Communist Party organ, asserts
proudly that such planning is possible only
under socialism, while the United States
will continue to plunder its natural re-
sources until it may become a barren
wilderness" The great strides toward
conservation made here in recent years,
through the intelligent cooperation of
governmental and private agencies, are
conveniently overlooked.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Eighth Largest Meteorite

One day in 1914 two japanese relocatees,
YoShio Nishimoto and Akio Ujihara, were
exploring portion of the Drum Mountains
in Utah. They were gem cutters by pro-
fession, and they were searching for mate
in makeshift school for interned persons
where they taught their specialized art. In
the course OF their wanderings they
chanced upon large rock protruding
about two feet above the surface of the
ground. This object enlisted their curl
osity because 1t differed from anything
and everything in the neighborhood. In
effect, 1t was as alien as themselves.
Mr.. Nishimoto Clipped off fragment of
the strange article and sent it to the
Smithsonian Institution for identification.
The sample was studied by E. p Henderson
and S. H. Perry, who decided that it was
a piece of mass of iron which came to
earth from outer space at an undeter-
minable date. Now it Is announced that
the whole lump has been brought to WASH
ington for further study. It weighs 1854
pounds and is regarded as the eighth
largest meteorite yet found in the United
States. Part of its attraction for scientists
is the fact that 1t shows deep depressions
which Messrs. Henderson and Perry believe
may have been in existence prior to the
moment when it entered the atmosphere
of our planet.
But the conditions of the rocks location
when Mr.. Nishimoto and his colleague
discovered it also present problem. There
was no crater around the lump as there
is around the unretrieved shooting star"
near Winslow, Arizona. Yet it must have
struck the ground with force of at least
100000 foot-pounds. The Smithsonian
savants think 1t may have landed in loose
sand or deep snow. In any case, the
meteorite is free from evidence of an
impact of magnitude.
Conceivably, the original hreball was
much larger than the piece found by the
japanese gem cutters. If so, it may have
burst just before it contacted the earth.
Other fragments, then, might be recovered
in the same general terrain. Meanwhile,
Messrs. Henderson and Perry are striving
to read the riddle of the deep thumb
marks" which survived the sky irons
blazing descent from the heavens. They
will welcome any help anybody can give.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.
O. How many crematories are there in the
United StateS?-H. w. r.
A. There are 207 crematories In the United
States Canada, Hawaii and the Canal Zone;
all but IL in the United States About one.
half the cremations in this country take place
in the Pacific Coast States.
O. Please give the origin Of the expression
Theoretically sealed."-P. R. E.
A. Alchemy was said to be founded by the
arts and sciences. Some time later alchemists
called their work hermetic art, and the seal
of Hermes is the origin of the common phrase
O. What metals beside mercury are liquids?
&C. I. M
A. Gallium is the only metal besides mer-
curry that is liquid at low temperature It
melts by the warmth of the hand. This metal
lie element was discovered in France and
named after Gallia, the ancient name Of
the country.
Q. What was the first flag ever flown over
North American soil?-J. D. B.
A. Nearly 500 years before the advent Of
Columbus hardy Norsemen visited the shores
Of America, sailing under the raven flag Of
the Vikings. This flag was designed with
q black raven ON a field of white, and was
the first flag known to have flown over 'ths
North American continent.
necks?-R>C. w.
A. The name Leatherneck was given to the
Marines during the Revolutionary War when
they wore leather stiffening In their shirt
collars. The term was formerly used in the
British Navy
Evening star., 1948-10-26

sovereign, to match the lovely Sonia. OF
course. they were incredible; no such
persons ever really existed-outside his
vision. A multitude, however, wished that
they did live and love; and it is a pity
that the multitude could not have its
dream come true
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address of the
,oriter, although it Is permissible for
a toriter knosDn to The Star to use
a nom de plume. Please be briet.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Naked and Unushumed

In its Security Council veto Of the small
power compromise proposal to end the
Berlin crisis, the Soviet Union has once
again voted against peace. It has chosen,
instead, to adhere to policy not many
steps removed from war. Though dis
couraging, the decision is not surprising;
it merely shows that the Kremlin has no
intention at this time of abandoning its
overall dominance seeking effort to have
everything its own way everywhere, ir-
respective of the will of the overwhelming
majority or the outraged opinions>of of free
mankind.
The compromise propoSal-advanced by
the six neutral" members of the council
asked that the Berlin blockade be lifted
Immediately and that simultaneously the
Big Four military governors meet to work
out an agreement to. establish in the city,
by November co. Soviet currency under
quadripartite control. It asked also that
the Council of Foreign Ministers be con-
vened as soon thereafter as possible to
discuss the problem of Germany as whole.
France, Britain and the United States
answered "yes," but Andrei Vishinsky,
speaking for the Kremlin, said mo-" The
compromise was unfair" he declared; the
siege would not end until after the nego-
tiation of a currency settlement.
What this really means, of course, is
that the men of the Kremlin are holding
fast to vicious policy of force and bad
faith. The blockade-an effort to bend
the West to their will by threatening to
starve the population of Berlin "a threat
which our airlift has successfully coun-
tered thus far)-is gun in their hands.
1t represents form of duress under which
France, Britain and the United States
cannot negotiate and still maintain their
self-respect. = They tried to do so under
the Moscow agreement of August 3O-an
agreement in which Generalissimo Stain
made lot of promises which his underling,
Marshal Sokolovsky, promptly broke in
Berlin, undoubtedly as ordered. What Mr..
Vishinsky has demanded Is that we submit
ourselves to the same kind of runaround
all over again.
In these circumstances, with the
Vishinsky veto reaff1rming Russia's at
tachment to force and bad faith, the
Western Powers presumably will now press
the Security Council to censure the Krem-
Inns Berlin position as a criminal threat
to world peace, which is what it is. But
that will meet with another Soviet veto,
and then the only action possible within
the United Nations will be vote of con-
demnation by the majority of the General
Assembly. Morally valuable as such a
vote may be, however, it is not likely to
end the blockade. All signs indicate that
our costly airlift will have to continue
through the hazardous flying days of
winter.
The situation speaks pretty much for
itself as measure of the Stain dictator
ships character. It serves also as warn
ing that the outlook for peace will grow
worse instead of better unless the free
world unites as much as possible and arms
itself adequately to meet the ugly threat
standing naked and unashamed before 1t.
A new toy Is double -barreled gun that
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Leuf-Fuli

Amber mosaic
Crisp arabesques OF ledDes
Where topaz air,
Like early vintage toins
Dripping bet,Deen bare bouehs,
StainS the fall earth.
CORNELIA 3. TURB1GH.
Evening star., 1948-10-26

ing in this way. they easily could bs contacted
to do some kind Of charitable work to I'LL In .
part Of their leisure or II they were specially
gifted they could add . few dollars to their
retired pay by following good-paying hobbies
The old need not be "nuisances," but can be
very helpful. KATHARINE McNANdEE.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Geographical Errors Noted

To the Editor Of The Star:
In the October II Star in an article ~. 8.
B-2ss Now Flying to Africa on Training Trips
From Europe" the Associated Press erred twice.
Accra is not British colony on the Gold
Coast of Africa, but Is tho. capital Of Gold
Coast, not "the" Gold Coast.
The American bombers hardly stop at Rob-
erts Field, Libya. Quite likely they stop either
at Roberts Air Force Base, Liberia, or at
Mehalla, If the country be Libya.
Geography changes, doesn't it?
CLAUDE J. SMITH.
Evening star., 1948-10-26

An upper Ontario Indian believes the
winter will be mild. On the other hand,
an Arkansas prognosticator says his wife's
people have already moved in, three weeks
ahead Of schedule.
Evening star., 1948-10-26

Only another week or so of the spell
binder, himself bit uncertain, bawling
What are the facts?"
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Puzzled by Rantins and Ravins

To the Editor Of The Star:
Can some Of the logician readers Of The Star
explain wherein lies the difference between
Russian Communist press ranting and
raSing about the United States being deter
mined to spread the power of Wall Street and
all that Wall Street represents throughout the
world, and President Trumans ranting and
raving about the Republican Party being de-
termined to spread the power Of Wall Street
and all that Wall Street represents throughout
the United States?
As we live in an age Of information on all
manner of subjects, how about some informa-
ton on this subject?
WILLIAM B. RAINSFORD. :
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question OF
fact by writing The WASHINGTON Star Information
Bureau, 316 street NE, Washington 2. D. c.
yPlesse tnclose cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1948-10-26

A new toy is double -barreled gun that
first blows soap bubbles, then fires card
board pellets to explode them. It is for
the between-ager, too old for yo-yos and
too young for the draft.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Opposes Montgomery Charter


To the Editor Of The Star:
As resident and taxpayer In Montgomery
County for over 40 years, am one opposed to
the proposed charter because of the duplica-
tion and confusion which will arise if the char
ter becomes law. I am not fooled by all the
extravagant claims by the charter committee
Of local self-government ETC., for the county,
for we have that now. AS a common sense
proposition I do not see where there will be
any improvement over the County Commits
sioners who are elected every four years by
complete change to a county council elected
for life, with q county manager at $4,000 q
year, making him q virtual dictator.
Many sincere citizens are fooled by all the
propaganda which has been going the rounds
for the past five years regarding a charter
form Of government for Montgomery County
and the plea to get rid of Brooke Lee Well,
Col. Lee has taken himself out Of the picture
The charter folks elected their slate Of Re-
publican office holders who supplanted the
Democrats at the last county election, ali of
whom had indorsed the charter, but who since
have had a change Of heart.
1t must be embarrassing and humiliating to
the charter committee to find 'their proteges
repudiating their leadership and the charter
1t is little wonder they want to control one
Of the wealthiest counties in America and the
best governed.
I think 1t is strange that these newcomers
no sooner move into the county than they
want to change everything in the county. The
question arises: Why did they move into the
county? And If they are not satisfied, why
don't they move away?
It has been astonishing to all Of US old resi-
dents to see hordes of newcomers, some not
even having cast their frst vote, making q
house-to-house canvass, talking charter to resi-
dents like myself who have lived here for over
quarter of q century and who came here be-
cause Of the beautiful surroundings, the quiet
country life, the good roads and schools.
All Of which did not just happen but has
come about because Of foresight and FORE
thought of the leaders Of Montgomery County
who have made the county what it is today
This is no time to make a change which
would be bound to be expensive and confusing
to the taxpayers who will have to pay the bill,
with World War II not over and World War
III in the making. 1t is time for us to use
our heads and not be fooled by headlines and
propaganda from those who would profit at
the expense Of the taxpayers. urge every tax
payer and voter to 60 to the polls on November
and vote against the proposed charter.
MRS. JESSE w. NICHOLSON.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Politics in Government Service

Politics in Government Service
To the Editor Of The Star:
Civil Service Commissioner MitcheIls state
ment In Joseph Young's column of October
Il, to the effect that during his Is years as
head Of the commission no one had knowingly
been certified for . competitive position be-
cause Of his politics, even If true, is mislead-
ing answer to the charge that the great ma
jortty OF Federal employees owe their jobs to the
Democratic Party and consequently their votes.
How many Of those now employed came into
the service through the hundreds of New Deal
agencies, most of which, by the law creating
them, were exempt from Civil Service rules,
who later through noncompetitive examina-
ton acquired status? How many were
merely blanketed in? How many war ap-
pointees, who. entered the service without
examinations or through easy noncompetitive
ones, still are on the payroll? They add up
during 16 years.
One of the large New Deal agencies, which
by law was exempted from Civil Service regu-
lations, maintained a political office through
which prospective employees passed. personnel
cards provided for political clearance" The
few with permanent status were made to feel
insecure, while chiefs and underlings scurried
to achieve the status" they pretended to
despise. XYZ.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Aliens and Alien Ideas

TO the Editor OF The Star:
7 note the announcement that some more
or less obscure official has suspended the i'm
migration laws in q certain area between us
and Mexico, but one would like to know
further who authorized him to do SO. I had
supposed that Congress made laws to be en-
forced, not broken or ignored, by executive
officials
To cure one wrongful act it seems that others
are being constantly engaged in, and this
seems to be continuing process. In the first
place, a lot Of normal farm workers have been
enticed away to the bright lights of the poly
glot cities, many to become charges. I have
understood that this has been done by two
groups the politicians had certain people
transported to the cities for political purposes,
and this movement was joined in by the
miserable CIO. Now we have shortage of
labor on the farms that requires a breaking of
our immigration laws and will cause an over
plus when the shakedown comes. New York
City now, I understand, Is paying out from
IA to 20 millions month to take care Of some
imported dependents.
These temporary imports will ultimately find
their way in here as permanents. We already
have millions here who are actual menaces to
our form of government.
Paternalism is running rife, as witness the
current campaign speeches. Along with our
importation of latter-day immigrants, we have
imported this alien political philosophy.
It was a far day, when Cleveland told the
farmers who wanted the Government to supply
them with seed wheat: "The Government is
to be supported by the people, not to support
them" GEORGE w. WILLIAMS.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Clubhouses for the AGED

TO the Editor Of The Star:
think M. K. has the right idea about some
thing being done for the older retired people.
Every city has its group Of retired people, which
group through new discoveries in science, medi-
cine, ETC., is increasing in size. More people
live longer these days.
Something certainly should be done to help
these people, who have pensions and other
forms Of retired pay and are fully able to pay
their way. Drives for the benefit of children
and teen ayers are right and proper; also.
might add popular. Approaching old age is
not popular, but nevertheless has to be faced,
and the ordinary boarding house does not
cater to the retired group. Like M. K, I'D
hate to be forced to live as many of them
are doing"
In my shopping trips to Washington, often
meet these retired ladies in tearooms and rest
rooms, and 1t really Is pitiful to hear them tell
what they are up against. think that there
should be clubhouses erected, where members
Of this retired group could live, enjoying small
one-room apartments at reasonable COST Ly.
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Wants Co.op Apartments Investigated

Wants Coop Apartments Investigated
To the Editor Of The Star:
When elderly men and women, including
retired Army and Navy officers and their wives,
many of whom are Ill and some bedridden,
are bluntly told by the owners OF certain
apartment houses, "You must buy your apart.
ment on our cooperative plan or be evicted,"
it is high time our courts took cognizance of
this racket Despite the fact that these digni-
fed citizens. who promptly have paid their
rental for years, are willing to pay a substan-
tial increase, their pleas fall upon deaf ears.
notwithstanding that the city is packed to its
peak.
Our rental law will become q grim jest II
owners Of apartment houses are permitted to
unload fats on the so-called co-operative
basis, at exorbitant figures, while utterly
ignoring the rights of the tenants. Moreover,
people who buy the individual apartments
actually are purchasing merely long leases
which bear the label Of perpetual" In q
great majority Of cases, these co-operatives
are launched in order to evade the rent law
and clean up big money overnight. A thorough
investigation of the whole cooperative scheme,
here and the Nation over, should be made
when Congress convenes.
EDMUND K. GOLDsBoROUGH.
Evening star., 1948-11-03

Human beings see best when the
entire field Of vision has about uni
form luminosity.
Evening star., 1948-11-03

Bgwigs Of the Democratic Party broad grins and
braced for benefit of the photographers early
cratic National Committee headquarters Mr. Truman
tanned his lead In this geeful Cleft to rgt) Leslie
Be executive director of the Democratic Policy Committee
Attorney General Tom Clark Agriculture Secretary Charles
F. Brannan. --AP Photo
Evening star., 1948-11-03
Soviet News Agency Gives
ILurid Story Of U. 5. Voting
BY the Assoeioted Press

MOSCOW, Nov. 3.-The Soviet
news agency Tass painted a lurid
picture OF the American elections
today in dispatches from the United
States.
Purporting to quote American
newspapers and press associations,
Tass said the American public was
Indifferent to the election and de-
scribed alleged voting frauds ana
intimidation OF Negroes. 1t re-
Trained from predicting a presi-
dental winner.
Tass said Negroes were threatened
by the Ku Klux Klan in Florida s
eight principal cities; officials were
investigating an election fraud in
Paris, KY; complaints were made
of vote-selling in Syracuse, N. Y,
and two Republican workers tried to
bribe a Democratic poll worker in
Wilmington, Del.