davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-11-19
@. Who first advanced the idea of world dis

Q. Who first advanced the idea of world dis
armament?-D. w. T.
A. As early as the conclusion Of the Seven
Years War in Europe and at the Congress OF
Vienna, attempts were made to secure limita-
first Hague Conference, summoned by Gear
Nicholas of Russia in 1899, was the first real
gesture toward the reduction Of ornaments by
modern states.
@. BY what authority is 1t possible to drop .
hotel key in a mail box to be returned?-
M. R. @.
A. The Act Of July 3, 1926, gave hotels per.
mission to have keys returned by the key check
method, by simply dropping them In mail box.
@. Why is it that the offspring OF goldfish
often remain dark in color?-J. p.
A. The Fish and Wildlife Service says that
goldfish frequently revert to earlier types and
change color. Changes of this type are bio.
logical and not easily explained. They are part
of the inherited tendencies of the fish. Young
goldfish are naturally dark in color at first and
change to bright colors as they grow older.
Goldfish do not turn gold until they are from
weeks to 2 or months old. Only the very
high-bred stock turns gold in two or thres
weeks The average goldfish takes longer and
some never turn gold
O. What is the name of the sculptor who
is doing the 400-foot statue of the Sioux
Indian Chief Crazy Horse In the Thunderhead
Mountains of South Dakota?-D. B. F.
A. Korczak Ziolkowski Is the sculptor of ths
Chief Crazy Horse Memorial, to be erected
IN South Dakota.
Evening star., 1948-11-19

Q. Are there color blind people who cannot
distinguish any color at all?-J L. A.
A. Comparatively few people are totally color
blind, seeing all colors in various shades of
gray. Most color blind people are red-green
blind.
Evening star., 1948-07-25
By Florence S. Berrymon

The Index of American Design, o.
major project illustrating early
American arts and crafts through
out the United States, under the
Works Progress Administration dur
ing the second half of the 1930s,
was deposited several years ago at
the National Gallery of Art. Erwin
o. Christensen was made curator of
this collection of more than $4,000
water color drawings and photo
graphs Of American design in the
field Of folk art, from the 18th
through the 10th centuries. A spe-
fcial exhibition, comprising a selec-
ton of 1o4 renderings, opened last
Sunday at the gallery. to remain
through September 7.
Simple mathematics would seem to
indicate that the gallery can present
new exhibition from the Index
annually for more than two CEN
turies, before it will have to start
over again. But quite apart from
the fact that this years Index selec-
ton Is new and not a repetition
of that held two years ago, it is
bright and colorful display, crammed
with suggestions for designers in
many fields. Not the least inter-
esting exhibit is a small collection
Of present-day objects in the deco
ration of which are employed design
motifs taken from the Index. Boxes,
cannisters, playing cards, greetings
and other items are shown, all taste
fully decorated with themes inspired
by original renderings now hanging
nearby.
European Peasant Styles.
A quarter of the show is devoted
to the Pennsylvania Germans, who
began to come to the United States
in the late 17th century, bringing
with them European peasant styles,
involving such decorative motifs as
stars, rosettes. birds and flowers,
particularly tulips. Vivid colors and
cheerful patterns enliven many
kinds of objects in daily use-furni-
ture, dishes, pots, jars, a bandbox,
coverlets, quilts and even birth cer-
tificates.
Another section is devoled to
kitchen utensils, coffee pots, tea
kettles. mortars and pestles, etc.
Perhaps if modern kitchens looked
little less clinical, and were bright
ened up with such tools" people
would be more happily acelimated to
cooking meals at home.
A group of weather-vanes Of
astonishing variety remind us how
much more spirited houses must
have looked when crowned with
these, than they do now, with their
toppings of lightning rods and radio
aerials. Early taverns had unique
signs sometimes beautifully proper
toned and invitingly decorated. The
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Free Enterprise
In World Markets
CARTELS OR COMPETITION?
BY George w. Stocking and My
ron w. Watkins. (TUentieh
Century Fund, 81 -.-zE'
Reviewed hv
FLETCHER F. ISBELL.

When the Twentieth Century
Fund commissioned a special re-
search staff to prepare reports on
national and international monopoly
problems. cartels became an inevi-
table subject. These arrangements
among producers to kill competition
among themselves affect every con-
sumner. The American problem to-
day, says the authors of the present
volume, is mainly one of guarding
opportunities for free enterprise in
world markets that have come in
creasingly under state monopolies.
The work is comprehensive his
torical survey of cartels, with a
suggested policy for the United
States of breaking up such trade
arrangements. It would have the
International Trade Organization,
already charged with complaint in
vestigation and remedial recon-
mendations, become a great inter-
national center for cartel questions.
But it thinks the United States,
acting alone, may do more in the
immediate future than the ITO.
Tentative suggestions are repeal of
the Webb-Pomerene Act allowing
American firms to form export as
sociations, patent law reform, and
others. But 1t stresses the need of
dealing with the substance of the
problem, not the form. The roots
of combination, restriction and con-
troll of the market lie strong and
deep.
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Bridge Players
By Margaret L. Fisher

and Mr.. thinner claimed East West
nonors with Eldred Mowry. Runner
up awards went to Miller Roberts
DR.. A. F. ODonnell and Mrs. Dora
Schwartz-Mrs. Mildred Rosson.
4 X
Mrs. ]. G. Seabourne, Mrs. Flor
ence Milspaugh, DR.. and Mrs. w. H
Gorton shared national awards at
Mrs. D. E. Stephan's monthly ma
tinee last Saturday. second place
honors going to Mrs. John M
Coffee and James Sourilas, Mrs.
Mildred Rosson and Mrs. Dora
Schwartz.
4 i
Winners of the La Sale Studio
Howell contest last Monday were
r. B. Hanings and H. B. Siegel, Mrs
Dixie T. Wright and Clarence
thinner placing. Mrs. Wright, di-
rector, announces that the studio
will be closed during August, and
that next months second Thursday
master point game will be advanced
to July %. The customary fourth
Monday nationally awarded con.
test will be held tomorrow night at
8 pm.
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Current Exhibitions

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART. Con-
stitution avenue and Sixth street
mssa.Is psin.inss snd aaa,,,eu s,eulDtq1e sy srsst
lection. Index Of American De-
sign, through September z.
NATIONAL MUSEUM, National Col
lection OF Fine Arts, Constitution
avenue and Tenth street---Amer-
lean paintings from private coll
lections and other gifts and loans.
SMITHSONIAN BUILDING, Division
OF Graphic Arts Independence ave-
nue. and Tenth street--Prints by
Ruel P. Tolman. through next
Sunday.
FREER GALLERY OF ART, Twelfth
street and Jefferson drive-Ori-
entail and Far Eastern arts. Paint
other American artists; Changing
exhibits.
CORCoRAN GALLERY OF ART, Sew
enteenth street between New York
avenue and E street-American
pair.t"g and sculpture and the W.
lions ealk Of wsiee eoors by New srsts ssnD Of
WASHINGTON and vicinity. Ameri-
can drawings, through September.
Four one-artist exhibitions. Gates.
Gath, Bcokatz and Calfee, through
PHILLIPS MEMORIAL GALLERY,
i"'o CitN
1ngs and prints Contemporary
American paintings. alternating
throush the summer
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. East Cap
itol and First streetS-Division Of
Prints. Sixth Annual Print Exhibi-
tion, through August Is. Fourth
annual of rare books from Rosen-
wald collection.
PUBLIC LIBRARY-Eighth and X
streets NW-Exhibition by Mar
garet Hill, through next Saturday.
PAN AMERICAN UNION. Constitu-
ton avenue and Seventeenth street
N.W.-Palntings by Jose Her
mosilla, through next Saturday.
WHYTE GALLERY, 1918 Connecti-
cut avenue N.W-Exhibition by
Washington painters.
BARNET-ADEN GALLERY. 127
Randolph place NW.--Contempo
rarv American paintings, through
August.
PLAYHOUSE LOUNGE. 724 Fifteenth
street N.W.-Paintings BY Winold
Reiss.
ARTS CLUB. 2o17 I street NV
Members show. through septem-
ber "A.
WATKINS GALLERY - American
University Campus-Paintings by
Tworkov; exhibition by faculty
members.
Evening star., 1948-07-25

repositories of the public archives,
not only. precious to the Nation as
the memorials of its origin and its
early transactions, but interesting
to all nations as contributions to the
general stock of historical instruc-
ton and political science"
Except for the bare walls, the
Capitol and the White House were
total loss. At the latter, Mrs.
Madison, being advised by mes
senger of the President, made prep
aration for a hasty departure. She
showed much composure and gath
cred together what articles of value
she could conveniently carry along.
These included the original Decla-
ration of independence, later to be
saved from the Patent Office fire,
and the full-length portrait of
George Washington, which was, aft
er the restoration of the building,
returned to the White House where
it may be seen today.
The only public building to escape
the torch was the Blodgett Hotel
Building on E street NV, be-
tween Seventh and Eighth streets,
where now stands the building orig
inally intended for the Post Office
Department and the City Post Office
During the British invasion the
Blodgett Building was occupied by
the Patent Office. Through DR..
Thorntons earnest plea to the Brit
ism, and his explanation that the
destruction of the patent models
would be world loss, it was spared
by the invaders.
Powder Stores Exploded
A peculiar coincident in connec-
tion with this the greatest of all
washington conf1agrationS occurred
when the British were on their way
to destroy the powder magazine
down near where the Army War
College now stands. When they ar
rived there they found the magazine
empty, the powder having been
taken out the day before and thrown
into a dry well. One of the British
soldiers, naturally unaware of this
fact, threw lighted match into
the well and most terrific explo-
sion was the result. The officers
present and about 80 men were
killed outright, while some Al others
were horribly wounded
Evening star., 1948-07-25
SWV Auxiliaries

Gen. Henry w. Lawton Auxiliary
elected Laura Sabins as delegate to
the National Convention.
Admiral Geo. Dewey Naval Aux
iliary elected Florence Babbitt as
first delegate, Lillian Inge second
delegate and Jennie Rhodes third
delegate.
Col. Jas. 8. Petit Auxiliary will
hold an evening of games tomorrow
Alfredo Kripp was elected first dele
gate and Clara Haas second dele
gate.
William Mckinley Camp, Sons OF
Spanish War Veterans, will. meet at
921 Pennsylvania avenue Sc, on
Wednesday evening. On Saturday
evening they will Join with Capitol
City Fort No. %, Daughters of '98
In an evening Of games at the En-
bassy Club, 1921 K street NV.
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Political Slips Of the Past
Continued From Page c-1)

plateau pl.titud
Many adept many impressive
arranged as to have meaning whatever.
Harding Mastered Double.Talk
Harding this
technique and campagned time which demanded nothing
than reiterated references to normally.
his speech accepting the Republican nomination the
presidency in 1920 Mr. Harding rejected the League of Nations but he
favored approaching the nations Europe and the earth proposing
understanding which makes willing participant the
of included peace
justice still leaving America free independent and but
offering friendship to all the world"
this subject
this deathless line:
an-ncusive contemplating
peoples in the concord of humanitys advancement"
listener would this declaration profundy
and right to the next paragraph
course politician q
of the record to shoot at what he does not
President Trumans back already
for criticism but it has assumed anything
proportions of political
his purchase of solid ivory billiard balls Americans
porches more quickly than they do ivory billiard balls
Blaine Forgot Something
of the White House Representative Charles oge
described orationon THE
Presidents Palace listing mirrors gold plate
bedsteads and imported glded coach.
The classic example of the cost candidate of making
statement is the of Blaine who lost the presidency
rum Romansm and rebellion statement by minister in Banes
presence
nominee Of the Democrats the final of the
went to New York where he reception
Mr. Bchard made address to the candidate behalf of the
the Party party rum
Romanism and rebellion has been settled whether
heard what said At did
The Democrats picked up Orchards speech
wide distribution throughout the CITY, particularly
Catholic churches the following Sunday.
Hughes Guilty of Social Error
The election hinged New York. And the State
Cleveland by the almost microscopic majority 4s
1t is related that later stage with
jackass addressed the with the words "ddap
Mr. Orchards family threatened suit
And the equally classic instance Of candidate
presidency because something he failed
of Charles Evans Hughes call Hiram
in 1916. 1t Woodrow Wilson the election.
The background Of the HughesWion this
Hiram Johnson leader Of the Republican California
candidate for the Republican against
a Republican regular
Mr. Hughes campaigning for the presidency
AT Long Beach he stopped briefly
but MIR. Hughes did not know that
Mr. Johnson however did learn Hughes but felt
he could not call the presidential candidate
The invitation, naturally not forthcoming Johnsons
followers not knowing Mr. Hughes
presence resented what they felt slight
The California vote the presidential candidates
1t only Friday after the Tuesday
all counted and the result known
Meanwhile. the of electoral Stood Wilson, 2s4
Wilson about ready concede defeat had been
Thursday night convinced of his victory day CALIFORNIA;
vote announced. .,7-15s III. .-..~
Mr. johnson carried the yoes MIR Hughes
lost hv
Evening star., 1948-07-25

traits are. good, some are super
likenesseS.
AS Mr.. Titles forte Is drawing
not writing. the text falls far sl.ori
of the Illustrations In interest. The
artist gives his impressions Of thf
President and detailed descriptions
of Hyde Park; and relates their
conversations, which he says he
wrote In his diary after each sitting.
Obviously, he had enough to make
an excellent magazine article. If
done by writer skilled ct elfninat-
ing ana cof1densips. But there reai-
ly was not enough for q book.
-F. 3,
Evening star., 1948-07-25

OeOISc 6eIIidIu SHAW ana nVe
presidents of the United States are
also among his many distinguished
subjects.
In the winter of 1923, Mr..
little enjoyed "the company OF a
great and charming gentleman, -
Franklin D. Roosevelt, who gave
him sittinss at Hyde Park. The
artist made numerous sketches and
nine coppers before he was satisfied.
Eight full page plates, most Of them
portraits Of the late President, and
II line cuts OF drawings, make the
little volume an item for collectors
Of RooseveltianA tand they are un-
doubtedly legion). AL Of the por-
Evening star., 1948-07-25

Drypoin portrait trial proo) of Franklin Roosevelt
0y water TITLE from the second OF series OF nine plates
This plate pleased the President but not artist
ROOSEVELT: AS AN ARTIST SAW HIM.
BY Walter little Robert M. Mcbride e. Co.; So
Walter little outstanding
literally Hall OF Fame In the past four decades The Division
Graphic Arts United States National
point portraits OF statesmen the Conference
ments ds2l2 including Lloyd George Jore
Bafour and other leaders
here Joseph Conrad Arnold Bennett
Evening star., 1948-07-25

washington will be well repre-
sented when the 22d annual ses-
sion of the Summer Nationals gets
under way in Chicago next Satur-
day. In attendance will be Mrs.
E. P. Cotter, Mrs. Frederick Eber-
son. Mr.. and Mrs. P. E. Golden, DR..
w. H. Gorton. Charles c. johnson,
Fred L. Karpin, Mr.. and Mrs.
George L. Kathan, DR.. Neil J. Nc
Hugh, Kathleen McNutt, Mr.. and
Mrs. William Million, John R.
Moore, DR.. A. F. O'Donnell, Mr.. and
Mrs. William Poissant, Mr.. and Mrs.
Miller s. Roberts, Mr.. and Mrs.
James G. Stone, DR.. and Mrs. A. ].
Steinberg and Mrs. H. G. White.
Victory in any one Of the ranking
events of the tourney will mean a
life mastership for James G. Stone.
With ATS master points to his credit,
Mr.. Stone is we'll over the 300 neces-
sary for entrance to the charmed
circle. but to date lacks IA of the
required 80 points won in national
competition. DR.. A. j. Steinberg
is now Washington's only life mas
ter.
Ranking local master point event
of the past week was the two-sec-
ton match sponsored by the Wash
ington Bridge League Wednesday
Topping the strong North-South
field in Section A, DR.. w. s. Bene-
dict and John r. Moore scored q
wide margin of victory over Mrs
John M. Coffee and James Sourilas
while East-West winners, Mrs. P. E
Henninger repeating her victory
Of last week at the w. B. L. and
Miller S. Roberts, led second place
scorers Mrs. Frederick ,Eberson and
Mrs. Lester Gibson by half match
point.
In Section B, R. L. Mckay and
H. ]. Horn led North-South con-
testants, Mrs. Mary GoodsteinMrs
Thelma Surkin and Mrs. Mildred
Linderman-Ca Catherine Murray shar-
ing second place awards. Winning
partnership among East-West op-
ponents was the H. Levy-Mrs. Dora
Schwartz duo, H. Chapman and
Minor Ellis placing.
4 y \
Members and guests of the Fed
eral Bridge League are reminded
that only one more game will be
held at Pierce Hall, the July open
pair master point contest next Tues
day. Beginning August 2. the Fed
eral will hold weekly matches at 8
pm. every Monday in its new quar-
ters, $500 Sixteenth street NV.
Housewarming will feature q battle
of the sexes" team-of-four compe-
tition. Mrs. Dora Schwartz is in
charge of the women's teams and
John G.. Fletcher heads the male
contestants. Mr.. and Mrs. George
L.. Kathan were winners of last
Tuesdays contest. o. R. Mathews
and G. P. Graham. following.
y 4 =
High scores at the Chess Club
match July Is went to DR.. Jerald
g. Wooley-George L. Dickerman
and M 8. L. Burnett-F. T. Leal1y,
jr., while Saturdays Mitchell pro-
duced the following winners: kath-
leen McNutt-Mrs. John M. Coffee
and Mrs. G. w. Zimmer- John
Fletcher.
4 4 4 4
July 16 ct the Stephan Studio
Mrs. Clarence w. thinner, pairing
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Masonic Club Election

The Masonic Club of Lansburgh
& Brothers elected as officers.
President, H. Franklin Riddle; vice.
president, Charles Friedman. treas
urer, D. Kohn,. ar.; secretary, Mr.
DiRosa.
Evening star., 1948-07-25

llIluule1 dUlc luylWylucS o1 to0dy
highways had their counterparts' in
Travellers Rests" last century ano
earlier.
Inside the home were enchanting
things - appliqued and patchwork
quilts, woven coverlets, gayly printed
cottons and chintzes. Such things
are collectors items today. Ter
furniture plates in the Index display
transcribe chairs, tables, desks
highboys, etc, some of which would
fetch sums in four or five figures
should they appear In public sales
1t seems to me that these are ou'
of the folk art" category.
Picturesque Dress to Match.
Costume plates showing gowns,
parasol, bonnet and other accesso-
ries, remind us that the women who
lived In the houses so picturesquely
furnished, were dressed to match
them. Nor were children neglected,
as one sees in an alcove of plates
depicting dolls (some of the Revo-
lutionary period, hobby horses and
other delightful things for little
folks.
Besides all these secular things
there is a section devoted to the
Spanish Southwest, reproducing re-
ligious panels, figures, chests and
other objects used in the Catholic
church. In the 18th century Fran.
ciscan priests went from Spair
through Mexico to New Mexico
bringing their utensils, vestments
and furniture. The ornate Spanish
style was modified by local artists
many of them Indians. Santos ere.
ligious images, bultos Figures ir
the round and retablos Creligiou'
paintings} were made of cotton
wood or pine panels, covered with
gesso and painted. There is also {
baptismal font of painted wood ane
copper.
The hundreds Of artists through.
out the country who made thes,
water color paintings from origina
objects in museums, historical asso.
citation collections and private own
ership, and other sources, did sucf
a skillful job that their rendering'
have the technical perfection of f1n,
color photographs. They depicted
not only the beautiful lines ant
colors, but also put in the dents
spots. cracks and other signs Of age
so that the visitor more often thar
not will look closely to assure him.
self that they really are paintings.
X II X
Rowing Peruvian
Jose Solari Hermosilla, Peruvian
painter, has been travelling for sew.
eral years through the Americas
painting his impressions in watel
colors, which he has subsequently
exhibited in each of the countrie.
visited. The Pan American Unior
is now showing a selection from
Senor Hermosilla's extensive series.
The artist studied in New York
City, Havana and Lima. He Is now
in Cuba, completing his latest series
before returning home. Impressions
of his native land comprise half the
current exhibition. the remainder OF
which is composed of from one to
three paintings each Of Guatemala
Mexico, Panama, Colombia and
Ecuador.
Senor Hermosilla is conservative
water -colorist, his paintings are nat
uralistic transcriptions Of places and
people. pleasant end colorful. One
suspects from the present safnpltng
of his work that he is more deeply
stirred by picturesque old architec-
ture than by other subjects. since
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Corcoran's Past Year

J u.
dealing with the year ended May 81.
So conspicuous have been some of
the achievements that Washingto-
mans reading the report, which has
been sent to every member of the
gallery association, will enjoy this
summary of activities, some of
which they will recall from per-
sonal participation.
Twenty -one rooms, including eight
IN the Clark wing, were repainted,
greatly improving the physical ap-
pearance of the galleries. The en-
tire collection of American paint
ings was restudied, and selected
examples were arranged in a COM
prehensive chronological sequence in
eight galleries on the second floor.
Likewise, the collection of Ameri-
can sculpture was reappraised and
reinstalled in the atrium and gallery
80 land was reviewed In detail in
these columns last winter. Also
reinstalled was the collection Of
bronzes and water colors by Barye,
the fourth best by this artist in the
world, the second best in the United
States
The Association Of the Corcoran
Gallery of Art, little over one year
old, has made gratifying gains. At
the end of the 77th year, the men,
berShip showed an increase Of more
than 200 per cent. Continued in
crease of members will enable the
gallery to enlarge the scope and
range Of its special activities.
Aceessions by purchase, gift and
bequest, increased. q hundred per
cent over the previous year; they
comprised notable examples Of
American sculpture and painting,
which will be given more detailed
attention on this page in the near
future. Other valuable works have
been lent to the gallery. Most inn
portant is large collection Of
American sculpture and American
and European paintings on loan from
Col. Joseph Henry Colyer, jr. A
special exhibition of selections from
this loan will be arranged late next
autumn, the first time these works
will have been publicly shown in
Washington.
Inflationary trends which harassed
us all, likewise dogged the gallery
with respect to fixed services, heat
ing, elevator maintenance, insur-
ance, salaries and other items. The
gallery gets no support from taxes,
public funds or Government ap-
preparations. Fortunately, its in
come was increased, in major part
by generous gifts of Mrs. Huguette
MARCEL Clark, Mrs. LewisT Morris
and Mrs. Rodney Williams for the
maintenance Of the Clark wing and
collections.
The Corcoran Gallery held more
than 20 special exhibitions during
the year, several of which are still
on view. A gratifying increase in
attendance raised the total OF
visitors to 1914, about per cent
more than the previous years total
of 74,270.
Other information on the Cor
coran's activities, services and plans
for the future make the report Of
the director, Hermann Warner
Williams, jr., very interesting read
ing.