davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04

/ ed their dockets of many proposals
by reporting the bills ~unfavorably,
Among bills killed by the House
Ways and Means committee-which
handles all tax matters-were several
to exempt certain industries and bus
inesses from the sales tax. and one
bill which would have provided a
$100,000y000 bond issue for secondary
highways.
Among the bills passed, the House
spent most time on the oil and gas
conservation bill. AS passed, the
compromise" measure meets most
objections of opponents, Chairman
Icey Day (Attala) of the House con-
servation group. said; although it
does not comply with Governor
Fielding Wright's request for a full
time board, it does create a board of
five-three to be appointed by the
governor. plus the attorney general
and lieutenant governor. A spacing
amendment. requiring smaller drill
ing units, also was adopted. The bill
went to the Senate at weekend and
Chairman Stanton Hall {Hattiesburg)
of the Senate conservation commit
tee said his group expects to bring
the bill out within a week or ten
days.
In passing the 100000 appropria-
ton grant for cities and counties
so per cent to each-the Senate APP
proved the principal of greater aid
for these governmental subdivisions;
the money will be divided on the
basis Of population, with a 100000
ceiling. The Senate then repealed a
1916 act which would have given the
city-county fund a grant from what
ever surplus there might be in the
state treasury. All this is part of a
plan to try to help the cities and CO.
unties get their finances in better
AS the House passed the Medical
School bill, Senator Mitchell Robin
son of Jackson introduced a series of
five bills which provide for establi-
shment of a $4,500,000 state teaching
hospital, to be operated in connec-
ton with the medical school. The
hospital would be built under the
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04
legislative Digest

Although the past week turned out
to be a short week" it was one of
the most productive of the 1948 SEES
sions of the Legislature to date. Due
to the sudden and untimely death of
Rep. Littleton Upshur, Greenwood
editor and veteran legislator, both
houses quit Thursday so that mem
bers could attend funeral services
Friday, but before adjourning for
the weekend the solons chalked up
this progress:
The House passed (79 to 38) an oil
and gas conservation bill;
The Senate passed a $5.000,000
grant for cities and counties:
The House passed (73 to 43) a bill
approving and setting aside land in
Jackson for a four-year medical
school for the University of Missis-
sippi;
The Senate passed a series of five
bills to increase Confederate pensions
and aid to needy children. then pas
sed a resolution asking Congress to
reduce the old-age pension minimum
from IS to so years;
The House passed $4,000 in
minor appropriation bills;
These were among the major floor
actions: committees in both houses
had the busiest week of the session,
during which top committees clear
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04

uVlng example o
what Sundays les
son Is undertaking
to portray, namely
living for Jesus
w h o r e
S~chweitzer, at u, il
described by Hage
dorm as one whit
burns like Francii
Of Assist, and look
like Josef Stalin.'
But to the people q
Equatorial Africa
hA 1A11rC md arfs
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04

Bring your PRINTING PROB
LENS to The Advertiser. We CON
print anything and do it quick! We
appreciate your patronage. Phone
Lexington ll6, collect.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04

Unmarried veterans who have
completed 2 years of college can
learn to fly with the air force avia-
ton cadets.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04

We wish to thank our friends and
relatives for their many acts OF kind
ness shown our mother, Mrs. Emma
Bailey Atkinson, during her long Ill
ness and at the time of her death.
May God bless each of you.
MRS. c. H. WOODS, Graysport,
w. B. ATKINSON, Birmingham, Ala.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04
The Personal Witness

DR. ALBERT SCHWEITZER, de.
~ scribed by Hermann Hagedorr
as prophet in the Wilderness" is q
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04

Sound teeth. strong bones, firm
muscles and red blood are possible
only if good food is eaten.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-03-04

(copyEight BY the International Council of
Religious Education on behalf OF 20 Protestant
denominations. Released by WEU Features.)
Evening star., 1948-07-04

willing to realize the true state of
affairs, launched itself into a costly
social security retirement program
The leaders of the country were
caught up in an enthusiasm OF
social welfare; justifiable enthu-
siasm, but unrealiZable in the midst
of a ruined country. The devasta-
ton In France in 1914 was ten times
greater than in 1918, and at that
time the government waited Is
years before undertaking social
security and paid vacations.
What have been the consequent
ces?
Daily life has become infinitely
complicated. The French admit
readily that their country is gov
erned by official papers and red
tape.
The average Frenchman is ex-
tremely unhappy about his every
day mode of living. The laborer
and white-collar worker have lost
all semblance of what luxury" they
once had. In 1888 they managed to
clothe themselves fairly well. To-
Gay they cannot. Before the war an
honest worker could go on vacation
with his wife for is days by the sea-
shore or in the mountains. He can
not even consider it now.
Several statistics are needed to
back up these statements: The
average office worker gets 10 francs
-23 cents-an hour; after tax re-
drction only 54 francs remains for
him. The ordinary worker gains 80
irancs-T cents-an hour. after
taxes 73 francs. After an eight
hour day these workers have a
take-home pay Of 512 francs-$l.7l
and $50 francs-slS3. Half Of
this goes for food. Vim ordinaire,
which is as necessary to French
man as milk Is TO an American. has
risen from I francs in 1910 70 y
Evening star., 1948-07-04

by at least 30oe, which permitted
these enterprises to continue to
work and to maintain sufficient
standing until 1914. From 1910 to
1914 prices were set by the Germans
who kept down any official rise,
although they had previously dipped
into the national production as ex-
planned above. They did not want
any social unrest to add to the
troubles of the Weirmacht. Thus
the workers and middle-class people
managed to get along with diff
Guilty, but a certain artificial stabil-
ity reigned in the country.
However, to be accurate, one must
add that during these four years
many aged people, small children,
and invalids In hospitals died of
privation due to cold, hunger and
the lack of milk.
The day of liberation came. Po-
litical life, which had been sup
pressed during four years, exploded,
Powerful workers unions were or
ganized. The Communist Party lost
no time in taking advantage of the
situation and made a strong bid for
power. The government Of Gen.
de Gaulle had to recognize the high
cost of living which had been built
up during the four previous years.
Right after the liberation, the price
index was about three and one-half
times that of 1899. The Ministry of
Industrial Production, directed by a
Communist, confirmed this rise by
allowing considerable salary in
creases and prices followed along by
going still higher Politics f1uctu-
ated like an inconsistent weather.
vane. The result of this anarchy
was a rise in prices which made the
cost of living rise from three and
one half in September, 1914, to Is
in March, 1948 (always using 1899
as a point of cornparisoD. In the
last six months Of this year, q po-
Evening star., 1948-07-04

line round the pebble with India
ink, the line to which the rough
stone will be sawed.
Saving Takes Hours
The diamond is placed In a dop,
small brass holder, and held in
place with q simple mixture of plas-
ter of Paris and glue. In appear
ance and length the dop is not un-
like an ordinary pencil. The
plaster size is packed into the open
end and the rough diamond pressed
into this until 1t sets.
Then the dop is clamped hori-
zontally in the electrically oper-
ated saving machine. The phos-
phor bronze, paper-thin saw blade
whirls at 100 revolutions per sec
ond-so fast that it appears to be
standing still and, in reality, 1t does
no saving. Instead, 1t Is like lap
ping tongue fed with a mixture of
diamond dust and olive oil, for only
diamonds can cut diamonds, and
this mixture does the saving. An
other surprise Is that the actual
cutting is not a matter of intense
concentration. The machine is set
to perform a certain saving opera
ton and one girl can handle 20 of
the kissing machines simultane-
ously. Saving a diamond takes
from three hours to two days for
the larger stones.
Then comes the skilled task of
cutting and the diamond has now
become two halves of the original
rough stone. Each half is rounded
and shaped. its rough edges re-
moved by whirling in another dop
at thousands of revolutions per
minute. The actual cutting, how
ever, is a miracle task of human
skill.
The majority of the craftsmen cut
98 per cent of their stones in the
familiar 58-facet brilliant" form,
convinced that this design reflects
a greater amount of light than any
larger or smaller number of sur
faces. OF late, however, popularity
has been won for the 86-facet king
cut" the multifaced cut with 98
Evening star., 1948-07-04

or of future life. Then there are
the Communists who follow the
teachings of Marx, Lenin and Stain.
Opposed to all these are some good
Christian people who have preserved
certain classical and idealistic
morality and who struggle, often
with success. against their three
adversaries, the materialists, ex-
and. Communists, on
the battlefields Of literature, politics
and the arts.
Evening star., 1948-07-04

the figures are creeping back to
prewar levels, but more than half
the diamonds cut In Amsterdam
will never be worn.
They are lusterless, flawed or dis
colored, brownish or yellow, fit only
for the workshop. Fine diamonds
are for investment, flawed diamonds
for industry.
The heavy press which stamps
out the steel has been shaped by
diamond-ground carborundum. In
automobiles, the tool which grinds
the piston to make a perfect fit with
the cylinder is diamond pointed.
Dutch Still Lead
During the war industry dis
covered certain hard alloys which
could equally be turned to pre-
cision cutting. However, when the
metallurgists sought substance
hard enough to cut out tools in the
new alloys and endow a sufficiently
keen edge, they had to turn right
back to diamonds.
Besides, the Dutch still lead in
diamonds because of national ira
dition in the craft. There are still
chores that the Dutch cutters
handle more inexpensively than has
been possible in any other country.
Apart from industrial work, there
is the cutting of the small stones
used for ornamental settings and
known collectively as melee" +"
These are polished stones of one
tenth of carat or less in weight
and only the craftsmen of Amster-
dam can handle them with suf-
ficient speed and precision.
A remarkable fact is that, except
for the adoption of the power saw
diamond cutting has been done in
exactly the same way for 200 years.
One South African stone, perhaps,
of 20 in a packet shipped from the
Diamond Trading Co.'S London
treasure house, is studied under a
magnifying glass by an expert un-
til he has exactly grasped the in
ternal secrets of the diamonds
structure. Then he draws a hair
Evening star., 1948-07-04
Reject Capitalism

This report purposely leaves out
of account four-ffths Of the popula-
ton of Latin America-the voteless,
yoiceless Indians. Some orators are
telling the Indians that, being
miserable already, they have nothing
to lose, and might gain, by going
Evening star., 1948-07-04

the other hand, for the rest of the
people, real misery began to spread
more and more.
The French, aroused by the sight
of such collective squandering of
the country and its assets when
there was no direct profit in 1t for
themselves, falsified most of their
income tax returns. Industrial pro-
duction statistics of that time erred
Evening star., 1948-07-04

By Mark PriestIey
Amsterdam, diamond capital OF
the world, Is sparkling again. The
whirr of the polishers, gentle purr
Of prosperity, has come back to the
maze of workshop streets behind
the Damrat. Before the war there
were 10000 skilled workers at the
long, narrow benches. Many of
them scattered to Toronto and Tel
Aviv, New York and Chicago, Cape
Town and Clerkenkell. Now they
are home again with their jealousy
guarded craft secrets, passed from
father to son and, in these days,
to daughters.
One cutter sewed his store OF
$40, 1000 worth of high-grade stones
into the hollow Of his back. An
other stuffed his entire stock into
wallets and trekked from Paris to
Bordeaux, from Bordeaux to st.
Jean de LUX, literally covered with
diamonds yet with insufficient cash
sometimes to rent a single room.
DR.. Roggen Hweg, had $400, 900
worth of stones farmed out to vari-
GUS cutting Arms and went around
collecting them while armed Ger
mans actually were landing on the
rooftops.
Emphasis on Diamonds
The recovery of Europe depends
vitality on diamonds. When you read
of the need for machine tools, the
unwritten emphasis is on diamonds.
When a master gauge works to the
precision of one ten-thousandth OF
an inch, diamond-tipped cutting
tools are indispensable. A tractor
is diamond-made, for diamonds
have cut and drilled the pattern of
it's plating. In the electric genera
tors of the new Europe Grid scheme,
the thousands of yards of fine cop
per wire have been made from
molten copper drawn through a
diamond tie. In precision work,
truing grinding wheels, drawing
wire, boring pistons, the emphasis
is on diamonds.
Amsterdam formerly cut $40,000,-
900 worth of diamonds a year and
Evening star., 1948-07-04

'litical equilibrium seems to have
been maintained and a certain sta
bility is gradually coming back.
After the liberation the French
began to realize that their country,
if not totally ruined, had lost at
least 400 of its capital and easily
800 of It's revenues. Taxes had
risen considerably. The govern
ment, not realizing or, rather, not
Evening star., 1948-07-04

: francs i'll 194S, or l8 times its 1914
price. On the same scale, potatoe
cost 16 times as much. ration o
meat 13 TO 20 times as much
Salaries have only" risen to /.
times their 1910 level.
1t is evident that a single mar
possessing all his capabilities car
manage to get along If he cuts ou
most luxuries. On the other hand
in a family where there are two o.
three children, life is extremel.
difficult and often touches OF
misery.
In contrast to this, one must ado
that another part of the population
leads a normal life. These arr
merchants or manufacturers, VIII,
own a business established befor'
the war, and farmers. Those WHIT
were lucky enough not to have thei
houses or factories destroyed nov
see their debts diminishing as re-
suit of the imitation and devaluatiol
of the franc. Their situation ha
improved. Some scandalous for
tunes have been built upon tn
misery of others, particularly in th'
food market. Tradesmen who dea
directly with agriculture and foot
products often make unbelievable
profits.
Black Marketeers Well OFF
AS for the farmers and peasants
they have worked hard as usual
have traded good deal in the BLACK
market, and their situation has i'm
proved considerably since 1889
They are greatly envied by the
worker and the city dweller. How
ever, they have been unable to re.
pair their buildings for lack of ma
terials, and their agricultural
equipment is worn out. New trac-
tors are rare item.
With the exception OF the farmers
who cultivate their own fields, about
5 to 10 per cent of the population is
better of now than before the war
These are the black market profit
eers. AL the rest are worse of .ano
have no nest egg to fall back on.
There are different reactions te
these chaotic circumstances. The
morality of the country has lowered
Crime has increasedsan the mum.
ber of divorces is mounting. Some
have adopted materialistic outlook
and live from day to day. Others
practice what is known as existen-
tialism, a philosophy expounded by
the Writers Camus and Sartre
which looks upon life in the pessi-
mistic manner of the ancient stoics
with no hope of future recompense
Evening star., 1948-07-04


worth in the United States. During
the same period she sold her mother
country, Great Britain, only s784,-
100000 worth of goods and bought
only $211 100000 there.
Numbers of Canadian farmers ar
que that Canada ought to stop SELL
ing its farm surplus dts major ex-
port product) to dollar-poor Britain
and sell to the United States.
Precedent for Union
They complain that low price con-
tracts and advancement of big loans
and credits to Britain is too much a
drain on Canada. The Department
of Agriculture here is negotiating
now to turn Canada's beef produc-
ton into United States markets.
Actually, there is precedent for
economic union. Canada and the
United States had a reciprocal tariff
agreement from 1854 to 1866. But
the treaty never was renewed partly
because of Canadian fears of an
nexation.
Those who favor customs union
now point to the wartime economic
cooperation between the two coun-
tries, their present joint defense ar
rangements and to the big volume of
United States investments here. At
the end of 1945, out of total of
s7,0s5, 900 900 nonresident investment
In this country, 10 per cent was held
In the United States. Direct invest
ments of United States business In
branches, subsidiaries and controlled
companies in Canada amounted to
$4,000 ,000, 900.
(copyrisht by the Associated Press)
Evening star., 1948-07-04

surfaces and the magna-facet cut
with 102, all three lending the stone
an undeniable fire and brilliance
The ultimate test of skill, however
remains with an Amsterdam arti-
san. To demonstrate his prowess, HI
cut the usual brilliant design on 8
diamond weighing only 1-400th of 8
carat and barely larger than 9
needle-tip..
As the stone is finished, there
are the emerald and "baguette'
shapes, square and rectangular, thu
pear-shaped "pendeloque" and thu
prow-pointed "marquise." Ever
when polished, however, the dia-
mond still looks drab. 1t is boilec
in special preparation which re.
moves the accumulated dust before
it joins its companions in size anc
color and is ready for the jewelry
trade.
Prices Go Up
Prices have risen 500 per cent
since Grandma fingered her en-
gagement ring and the $50 per CEN
of the recent war rise mounts or
top of this. Diamonds of S or
carats may now fetch as much a;
$4,000 carat if of really good quail.
ity. Single-cut small diamonds art
fetching $3.50 a carat as against s6$
preWar at 100 to the carat. Stones
numbering so to the carat, once
priced at $50 a carat, are selling al
$l6O.
Diamonds are being bought as g
hedge against imitation. A sugar
planter, for instance, recently bought
an $4,000 necklace and placed it in
storage. The war caused a diamond
shortage owing to the closure o
the mines. The price Of diamonds
too, is based on the solid value O.
gold and not on their relative pric'
in dollars or sterling. AS a furthe
index, diamond craftsmen are earn
ing three and four times their pre-
war salaries. In a world of fuctu
ating values. their prestige is un
diminished.
Distributed by Star Newspaper Service
Evening star., 1948-07-04
US. Observers Studying
Latin America FlareupS
Our Southern Neighbors May Not Be Sliding
Toward Communism, but They Do Appear
Moving Away From Capitalism
By Richard A. Yohroes

Latin America has been saying it with machine guns again and
temporarily friends aren't what to say
the South glow like equatorial sun:
Gunre Terrozes Costa
Chile Dominican Republic Expects
Evening star., 1948-07-04
By Mary HuddIeson

| fAHlo 10y AIllldllJ n lcbCcI
to the editor appeared few days
ago in the Paris Herald Tribune;
all American tourist, after spending
two weeks In this city. protested
vigorously at the wastefulness of
food In French restaurants, the
enormousness of the portions served
and the high prices charged-1,000
francs. or over 50, per person. OBJ
viously this tourist has spent his
time and money around the Champs
Elysees and Place de L'Opera, for
on the Left Bank I can obtain an
adequate meal, by American stand
ards, for less than 81. At that, my
French friends think this price ap-
pallingly high.
1t Is difficult for an American who
has lived only short while in
France to construct an exact picture
of the everyday life Of the French
men he meets at every turn on the
street. If he does manage to pene-
trate into their family life, which
Is fairly difficult, the first impress
sion which strikes him is that of
Strengthened circumstances and a
permanent difficulty in resolving the
daily problems of living. An Ameri-
can cannot comprehend why the
simplest daily acts are so compli-
Gated in France If he wants to get
to the bottom of this puzzle he must
60 back and recall the events which
have occurred since 1889.
Two Advantages
When the armistice was signed by
the Vichy government in June, 1910.
the Germans demanded that France
give them considerable part of
her production, with the result that
there was daily indemnity of about
00,000,0 900 francs, theoretically, for
| the maintenance of occupation
troops in France. But during one of
the first councils of war, Marshal
Goering decided to open in France
many purchasing offices directed by
the Germans. They went directly to
the factories or wholesale merchants
or farmers and offered to buy part
of their production at prices four
or five times higher than those taxed
by the government. Vichy tried to
protest, but in vain.
There were two advantages for
the French who fell in with this
political game; they had good rela-
tions with the occupying power and
they built up quite fortune without
it's appearance on official ledgers,
for Vichy was powerless to impose
war tax upon It. This game lasted
four years and little by little used
up the resources Of the country,
which at one time were considerable
Money flowed freely. The dealers
ana farmers who participated In
this business accumulated large
sums of money and paid hardly any
tax worth mentioning. Thus on the
one hand there grew up selfish and
luxurious mode of living which was
manifested by the opening Of bars
and restaurants frequented openly
by the kings Of the black market. On,
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-05-22
RADI0L0G

KINY - JUNEAU
 Alaska Broadcasting Co.
 c. R. s.
 SATURDAY EVENING 5:00-JOAN DAVIS -CBS. 5:3c-Totem Talk-Forecasts. 5:45-Viking Varieties. 6:00-Pan-Am News. 6:l5-Waltz at Dinner. 6:30-Sports on Spot. 6:45-Boys of North. 7:oO-PAYS TO BE IGNORANT
 CBS. 7.30-Hit Parade. 8:00-Standard News-Forecasts. 8:15-Community Center. 8:30-Grand Old Opry 9:00-Fishing Time-Forecasts s:15-HOAGY CARMICHAEL
 CBS. 9:30-BUDDY NAPLES ORCH
 CBS. 9:45-NAT BRANDYWYNN'S
 ORCH. -CBS. Between the Lines. 10:15-NAT BRANDYWYNN'S
 ORCH. -CBS. 10:25-Air Mail Show. 10:l5-CHARLIE SPIVAK- -CBS. 10:30-Forecasts.
 SUNDAY 11:55-Forecasts. 12:00-Ave Maria Hour. l230-B Brotherhood Hour. 1:00-SALT LAKE CHOIR -CBS. 1:30-Lutheran Hour. INVITATION TO LEARN
 -CBS. 2:30-Voice of Prophecy. 3:00-Dorianne Barnes. 3:15-At Ease 3:3O-MEET CORLISS ARCHER
 CBS. 4:00-SHORTEY BELL-CBS. 4:30-Alaska LignU Concert. 5:00-Twenty Questions. 5:30-Charley Mccarthy. 6:00-Revival Hour. 7:00-Jack Benny. 7:30-Juneau-Y Young News. 7:45-World in Music. 8.00-SUSPENSE-CBS. 9:00-Percy Faith. 9:30-F'orecasts First newscast of the day at 7:30 A. M.
 RUMMAGE SALE Lutheran Church, Tuesday, May 25 at 10 a. m. 894 St