davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-08-02

V I1oW iOIg WdS lllcIG u governor
General of Inda?-T NJ B.
A. The first governor general was Warren
Hastings who held office from l773 to 17S5.
Earl Mountbatten Of Burma, who retired from
this office on June 81, 1s4s. was the last.
@. Why are the dolls used for training pur-
poses in hospitals usually called Miss Chase"
by the nurses?-B. D.
A. The training aid dolls are manufactured
by the M. J. Chase Co. of Pawtucket, r. I. This
is, no doubt the reason that they are popu-
larly referred to as Miss Chase"
@, Is it possible to transmute one metal into
another?-G M c.
A. The National Bureau of Standards says
that 1t is possible to transform (or transmute)
one element into another. For example, II q
proton is removed from the nucleus of the mer-
curry isotope 80Hgl98 that atom becomes gold
79Aul97.
@. Are birds ever killed by lightning7-
c. O.E
A. Flying birds have been struck and killed
by lighting.
@. Which city has more taxicabs, New York
or Washington, d. C.?-McK. s.
A. There are 1916 taxicabs licensed in the
city of New York AS of June 16 1947 there
were 1851 taxicabs in the District Of Columbia.
This is the latest available figure.
@. What does par avion" mean on an air
mail letter?-J. w.
A. These are French words which mean by
aeroplane" Par Avion is the French official
label for mail matter intended for transport
by air mail and is widely used by European
countries.
O. How long will it be possible for veterans Of
World War II to obtain CT loans to build
homes?-W. D. S.
A. The termination date Of loan guarantees
to veterans under the Servicemens Readjust-
ment Act OF 1914, as amended is July IS, 1857.
O. What Is the substance of the Malthusan
Theory?-C. M. s.
A. The theory was stated by Thomas Robert
Nautilus in AN Essay on the Principle of
Population" 179s In brief the theory is that
the population of the world when unchecked
tends to increase more rapidly than It's means
of subsistence &c. he claimed, there will al.
ways be more people In the world than can
be fed, and wars and diseases will be necessary
to kill OF the extra population.
Q. Who was the first Pony Express rider?--
A. A.
A. Johnny Frey. On April 3. 1880, the young
rider. then scarcely 20 years old, left st.
Joseph, Mo-, OH the first leg Of the trip TO
Sacramento, Calf, 800 miles away.
O. How long does ii take the planet Pluto
to make one trip around the sun in its orbit?-
J. M.
A. Pluto requires about 24s years to make
one complete revolution around the sun.
Evening star., 1948-08-02

O. Why are the dolls used for training pur-
poses in hospitals usually called Miss Chase"
by the nurses?-B D.
A. The training aid dolls are manufactured
by the M. J. Chase Co. of Pawtucket, r. I. This
is, no doubt. the reason that they are popu-
larly referred to as Miss Chase"
Evening star., 1948-08-02

harem was private quarters of the women 1T
could be used.
incidentally Mr.. McLemore could have con-
tributed toward removing the general miscon-
ception most Americans have about the harem
by noting that 1t is an institution OF Turkeys
romantic past and not of Its progressive
present.
Reporters and columnists can be of immense
help in furthering international understand
ing. In his Thursday column Henry McLemore
failed in his attempt to be cute"
GEORGE WILLIAMS.
Evening star., 1948-08-02

@. Are birds ever killed by lightning7-
c. O.. E.
A. Flying birds have been struck and killed
by lighting.
Evening star., 1948-08-02
Stors, Men and Atoms
By Thomas X. Henry

(Radioisotopes, the more than 500 forms
of "erploding atoms" not1 being produced in
the Atomic Energy Commissions uranium
piles and in cyclotrons throughout the coun-
try are proving one OF the most potDerful
tools eper placed in the hands OF science
for exploring the mysteries OF nature. The
major progress has been In the use OF iso-
topes as tracers, phich is described in this
series OF articles, OF ,r1,ich this Is the frst.)
Exploding atoms are opening many doors
into the darkest closets of nature.
They have given science q means Of observ-
ing physical and biological processes millions
of times more sensitive than before has been
available They probably have made it even
tuany impossible for Nature to hide any
secrets Of her dynamic processes.
More than 1000 investigations in which
radioactive isotopes are the essential tools
now are in progress throughout the world.
chiefly in the United States, with microscop-
ically minute amounts of the new substances
produced in the uranium pile of the Atomic
Energy Commission at Oak Ridge, Tenn.
There are 90 elements existing, with three
or four exceptions, in Nature. Out of these
all things in creation are built 1t now is
known, however that these elements can be
produced in nearly 800 different FORMS or
physical properties, although all forms of a
single element have identical chemical reac-
tions. Approximately 100 of these isotopes.
mostly radioactive like radium. now are being
manufactured and supplied to hospitals and
labora tories
A little goes a long, long way. The isotopes
are supplied in microcuries and millicuries. A
curie is an arbitrary measure-the amount Of
q ,hsf fhaf diSinfpprateS at q rate Qnlal
to one gram of radum or 37o00,00o,000 explo-
sions a second. Most of the materials are as
active as radium. A microcurie is thousandth
and a millicurie milonth of this amount. A
microcurie of most radioactive substances thus
would be about 200Oth of an ounce. But this
is suf1icient for almost any experiment yet
projected.
A Super Microscope.
The enormous development in use of these
isotopes as a super microscope from which
nothing can remain hidden is described in the
Atomic Energy Commissions annual report to
Congress in which the progress OF about TOO
experiments is described. 1t constitutes the
great advance in the atomic field to date
perhaps the greatest advance to be expected.
The publicity which atte! led the explosion
of the atomic bomb three 81 miners ago turned
out to be, in many ways, misleading. Nuclear
physics was field familiar only to few
specialists. Everybody else could let fancy
run wild.
Here, it was said was an unpredictably
great new source of energy for peacetime
application. This may be true-some day. The
problem of harnessing the energy of the atom
is infinitely more complex than that of using
it in a destructive explosive optimists such
as members of the commission, put the day of
any practical application of atomic energy at
least 10 years ahead. Pessmists don't believe
that anybody in this or the next generation
liItaf "a
Evening star., 1948-08-02

@. Which city has more taxicabs, New York
or Washington D. C?-McK. s.
A. There are 1876 taxicabs licensed in the
city Of New York. AS Of June 16, 1947 there
were 1851 taxicabs in the District Of Columbia.
This is the latest available figure.
Evening star., 1948-08-02

@. What does par avion" mean on an ali
mail letter?-J w.
A. These are French words which mean "by
aeroplane" Par Avion is the French offcial
label for mail matter intended for transport
by air mail and is widely used by European
countries
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09
By CARL 7. ROWAN

General Of the Armies Dwight D.
Eisenhower alienated the admira-
ton and respect of a great many
Negroes and lib
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09
WHAT is A LIBERAL?
READER WANTS TO
KNOW; OFFERS VIEWS

Editor: What is liberal? Well,
at first glance this is no easy ques-
ton, for there is no sweeping an
swer that will include all those who
call themselves liberals.
There is a temperamental human
difference among liberals. There
phasizing different issues, but they
all have the same principle. Your
editorial Of March 10 was very good
and true and it pointed this out.
A moral or humane issue may va
riously win the chief support Of
some, while others proclaim other
issues of greater Importance. |
am convinced that today's personal
liberty or individual freedom over
shadows all the other issues of the
hour.
A liberal should be broad minded,
for liberty means open-mindedness
and a belief in reasonable discus
sion rather than forcible measures.
A liberal should have love for
fair play and freedom, a consider
ate spirit Of indulgence.
This means that one who speaks
of an idea which contains strain
Of bigotry, declaring that the idea
should not have free circulation, is
really not a liberal himself.
Liberals must have a progressive
vision if they are to justify their
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09
An Honest Conservative?

The single Congress of the United
States is the Senator from Ohio Robert
vote but because of his qualities leadership practically
life and death all legislation regarding
On foreign affairs Senator Vandenbeg Michigan
but matters Of housing purely nature
Tafts voice supreme.
For quite while vigorously opposed to Federal
Aid the form of education possibly
because Of the meowing influence year
seeking the office of President the Senator has fit
position as regard to Federal aid for education
change, Congress passed aoing o. $30OO0OOOO
this worthy While
this ISSUE he hrmy the his
Of states rights spending money
government give the money says
how the money should be
The doctrine of states rights" inception early
Of the UNITED STATES But like
period Of it has things
Taft also it has strange implications.
rights" for the fraudulent
County Missouri by the Pendergast machine
rights" to investigate
with the coercion intimidation voting
Wrghtsvle Georgia Indeed among
of Congress who frequently their interpretations
they could well oppose
Senator very Taft Hartley provision of which has
already been declared unconstitutional by Judge.
Senator partisan champiOnng rights
very statement in which the Science
Monitor of July IT, quotes him saying Our thinking
ed AWAY from the
by Federal II those
restored we shall oaaran state with every
planned by a arbitrary inefficient bureau
The above goes long the myth of Taft
beng an onest conservative Taft is just conservative willing
employ any of to continue him and the
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09
Whut Is the Yordstick?

The Negro vote being sought by all coming
national elections All Of these candidates
representatives either in actual cash with promises which
favored candidate will redeem he average Negro
should keep in mind is that these emares
with the interest Of the Negro but also with their particular
ddua welfare which dependent the
tive candidates Some saytruthuytha their activity
result Of their belief that their candidate the
few Of these people do tangible
efforts
Senator Taft Of Ohio has Negroes active politics
Governor Green Of Illinois has Negro Republicans working
behalf Dewey doing the thing papers
prominent Negroes scurng behalf Of General Macarthur
the Democratic side Truman has his supporters
candidate has his ALL Of these political
less convincing which they forward Negro
munity.
An already dsuned Negro community will inevitably
be further confused by bOmbament
aganda The community and the individual
they judge the attitude of the
y No rigid standard possible and probably is desirable
it is the duty the individual study closely the
Of the candidates 1t the true and
impartial facts regarding these candidates
divdual.
To trust solely the Judgment report
dangerous We might well ask ourselves What the yarlstick?"
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09

We had interesting experiences in New York February
waited long continue writing about them in this
that decided to skip many details.
that Vincent Owens the writer
hot dogs On nearly
Broadway there of those ChOck Full
Nuts" hot dog and drink emporums
We a high priced food including a $3.50 plate
those hot dogs and tall glasses of
orange juice hit the spot.
People appetite and poundage
that correspondent grabbed hot dog
the St Paul Urban League grabbed Believe
US many, many times. Hot dggety dog!
Sunday the Missus attended little which
Kenneth nationally known baritone honored Mr.
known both singer and actor returning to New
triumphant at the Los Angeles Philharmonic
will him for his singing and acting cabin in the
Sky" "Bataan," and Till the Clouds Roll By"
Mr. Oblgingly Of to guests
the Mr. and Mrs Shelley NOrthsde MnneapOtans
Mr. Shelley proprietor Of the old Adh pharmacy
Aldrh Ave. and Sixth Ave. No.
With Mr. Spencer Edward NJ Petty, Rochester Minnesota
proprietor accomplished pianist who charges $1,000
for for nothing Bob Hail. music student
panied him. Later Mr. Petty played the piano beautifully Down
he fight prejudice
from Whites and Unce-Tomism from fellow Negroes
Tuesday with the Hopkins,
Club old friend James Markham publisher of the Hen
County Review hand Lions also Mr. Mark
ham Upper Mdwess widely known respected
newspaper editors.
Hopkins attorney, and Lions Club chief
problem"
the tossed questions after announced that no
holds barred" Apparently good time had by ALL
increasing clubs America showing
recognizing their responsibility the matter Of nterraca
awaken their duty American bgory prejudice and religious
will be put o the
"S Voter: Thanks
asceranng candidate mayor
city councilman subject the election how he stands
Paul Fair Employment Practices ordinance By their
shall We know them-CEN
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09
Emotion VS.. Reason

Educators have often justified
education the premise that such education rested
strong democratic
II continued and improved education
the result would be inevitable improvement American
ment
Unfortunately While the over
intelligence Of the American
ent oil the quality OF our representatives local state Federal
government One might well ask why hasn't this been the
James Madison Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton Thomas JEFF
erson Thomas Paine Abraham Lincoln biological
why do not such accidents now?
Nothing truly reflects the bankruptcy Of civilian leader
ship than the Of both parties for with military
grOundespite the fact that the political beliefs
not matter of public record Listen President Truman Thomas
Dewey Harold Sassen, Robert Taft any
and all you will hear menace
menace And that candidate Henry Wallace,
be times his rivals The other
American ambassador attempted
government by aiding political group in
its alleged efforts overthrow
the charge he made vague nnocuou statement The President
wishing be outdone ecessne fooshness
Wallace which should TOO
occupying the Presidency
The appeal of every candidate
menace" better than other candidate This appeal the
rather than intelligence the
theme One espousa
that the first thing he would do if elected would
ing with San and when Stain gazed
chin clear supposed
plan for world domination
In the discussion of housing, rights poll tax
other rarely does the discussion
merits Of the issues involved but
debate the merits Of the St. Waterway
opponent Of the proposed said that the
the Russians of This the Waterway
that supporters Of the who definitely
nists were dupes playing into the hands of Stain.
Many historians have justifaby
tory Some the struggle the adoption
occasioned the highest level of political debate
Lincoln Douglas debates highest type political discussion
None will offer think this present campaign
the aforementioned discussions We however, an inexpc
able contradiction to our supposed educational advancement
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09

powerfully enenchd financial element for which he spokesman
"arbirary "toataran"
for the sole of the minds
If he called the rights taken
Deal could If called upon
explain why state bureau would be inherently efficient than
federal bureau he would be sOrely explain his
The of honesty" built carefully by
Taft myth How could honest conservative justify
change position? Certainly
stae?" he
"arbtrary bureau No he President
finds himself forced direct opposition
previous position the Christian
Taft enjoys the
Yale and Harvard brecludes
employed by Rankin Easand But
honesty preclude
shrewder type dmagoguey for the political exped
Taft honest conservative
the shrewdest political
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09

III WI VI O'i- c. T. ROWAN
versal Military
Training and a draft law, was
questioned on the matter, he gave
two reasons for continuing segre-
cation. First, he stated that the
human race may grow up" some
day to the place where there is
no prejudice, adding:
When you try to pass laws to
force someone to like someone else,
you're going to get in trouble"
Second, the General said that,
"In general, the Negro is less we'll
educated than white men," and
for that reason would suffer in nom
segregated competition.
General Eisenhower's first re-
mark is the standard reply of
those who, in condoning segrega-
ton, deem it wise to wait for the
human race to grow" The Army
has been these hundreds Of years
growing, and it now shows signs
of retrOgression, of growing fur
Their into instead Of out of its gar
den of prejudice. Prejudices are
not born within men, they are
cultivated; there is no greater cul-
tivating factor than segregation.
Segregation breeds its own spit
image.
We lose our prejudices in a So
ciety where there are a balance
Of power and a shared respect
and these are unacceptable cOncom-
itants of any true democracy.
There is neither shared power nor
mutually of respect where any
group is relegated to an inferior
role.
The Negro does not desire that
any man be made" to like him.
He asks only that he be allowed
the freedom Of association neces-
sary, and whatever power he can
gain by his unrestrained efforts, so
as to inspire the respect that melts
away all prejudice and will cause
his fellowmen to like him.
If men who strive toward a com
mon goal, men who fight a common
foe either physical or theological,
cannot find basis for free assOcia-
ton and permission Of the growth
of respect, there seems so little
hope for the human race.
General Eisenhower's second re-
mark is, Of course, an inference
that segregation is maintained as
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09
Eisenhower Loses Respect
By Support of Jim
Crow Armed Services

a favor TO the Negro. The obvious
and inherent fallacies Of this logic
are many:
Conceded that, in general, the
white man of America has been
exposed to more and better school
ing than the Negro, is this not an
indictment of past-practiced seq
regation, which the General sees
fit to continue?
Army records reveal that north
ern Negroes were better educated
than southern whites. Does the
General recommend segregation of
southern whites so as to favor
them in competition for promo
tions?
Then, the very statement that
the Negro would be chained to
lower ranks in an unsegregated
system because of the stiff COM
petition is not fact. The General
knows that ability to do many jobs
in the Army and Navy ultimately
depends on native ability and not
the number of degrees held upon
enlistment. This is made even truer
because of the amount of training
given by both services which I'M
TALLY does not require a great deal
of formal education.
In practically every instance
where the Navy practiced nom
segregation, the Negro personnel
more than held its own. 1t was
neither second-rate in performance
nor second-best in the race for pro-
motion. AS a communications Off
Ger aboard two ships. | had access
to many reports sent in to the
Navy's Bureau of Personnel. At all
times the captains of those ships
expressed the feeling that the
crews functioned as well or better
than would have segregated ones.
Even in the postwar South, in
Nashville at Vanderbilt University,
l saw Naval Reserve units with
men of both races training side
by side. Whether a mutual like
was present is not known; but the
opportunity for such did exist.
If the General wishes to make
it easy" for the Negro, he might
be sure that he is doing a favor
that the Negro desires. l am sure
that no Negro wishes to prosper
or be promoted but by his own
abilities-surely, not at the expense
of his dignity and human worth!
And in the American heritage, is
it not the dignity and human worth
of the individual that really mat
ters?
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09

body belongs to him. . Until we
give all people in America the
right to their bodies, we can't do
too much talking about lack of
freedom in Czechoslovakia. DIR.
Charles Leander Hill, president of
Wherefore University.
It's smart to read the SPOKES-
MAN. Most people do.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09
XieWpoints

II have worked with people in
what call the semi-barbaric sec
tons Of America, in Georgia and
South Carolina. have seen black
sharecroppers who were nothing
more than slaves. | have preached
to people "a years old who have
never seen a railroad train. A man
can't ever be free unless his own
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-04-09

claim Of liberalism. They must be
intelligent enough to admit that
present notions of policy and truth
are not final or beyond criticism
with respect to any feature of life.
The progress Of the United States
cannot continue, for instance, if
the southern states are allowed to
cling to tradition, if they are not
willing to accept the good admis-
sion Of goodly measure. We have
heavy load of morality to carry
with US wherever we go.
A true liberal will condemn any
tendency to impose upon men. We
cannot live alone, but we can live
well together in a reasonable at
mosphere of social latitude and
amity.
There are so many people who
by temperament are hostile to this
attitude. They are ruled entirely
by their own prejudices. | say that
these people are born meddlers,
men Of mischievous, narrow ma
lures.
Finally, liberalism is a philosophy
of live and let live" which could
scarcely fail to appeal to any
thoughtful person who really wants
to take the reasonable viewpoint,
and isn't corrupted by prejudice and
i'll will.
Bertram Slaughter,
2906 Portland Ave,
Minneapolis, MINI.
Evening star., 1948-09-19
India Cracks Down
On Hyderabad, Sends
Military Governor
BY ths Assoeiatsd Press

NEW DELHI, Sept. 18.-India
cracked down today on Hydera-
bad by appointing a military
governor for the conquered
princely state.
This step was taken by the Do
minion of India as Hyderabad state
trops surrendered Internationally
and a triumphant Indian armored
column marched into Secunderabad.
military garrison for the capital OF
Hyderabad.
AT pm. to 6 am. curfew was
clamped on Hyderabad City, the
capital.
orders were issued for the arrest
of Qazim Raw, the fiery Moslem
leader who had vowed holy war II
India dared put foot on the HOLY
Islamic soil of Hyderabad."
Reliable sources said India would
order dissolution of the Rakazars,
the private army of Raw. Where
abouts of Raw was not known.
Prime Minister Jawaharal Nehru
in a radio broadcast tonight con-
graduated all of India, including
Hyderabad. for restraint and discl-
pline and said "let there be no talk
of communal and other false doc
trines and ignoble urges giving rise
to that antagonism.
Mr.. Nehru shed no hight on the
future status of the Nizam.
Political sources and the Indian
press were critical of the Nizam S
cease fire proposal and the an
nouncement that he had formed a
new cabinet.
They said the Nizam had done
nothing which he had not been
asked to before the invasion was
launched. They say the situation
is changed now with the defeat
of the Nizam's armed forces and
that it is not up to the Nizam to
say what should be done in the
future.
Surrender Unconditional.
(The Indian delegation said in
Paris it would ask the United
Nations Security Council to drop
Hyderabad's request for U. N.
intervention
The new military governor Is
Maj. Gen. J. N. Chaudhury. whose
First Armored Division drove 1873
miles into Hyderabad in five DAYS
The Hyderabad army of the
wealthy Moslem Nizam surrendered
Internationally to Gen. Chaudhury' S
forces in a simple ceremony near
Secunderabad.
The Indian column entered Sc
cunderabad following the surrender,
and was greeted by almost the en-
tire population which lined the
streets, shouted slogans and waved
Indian flags