davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-11-20
Stevedores Reported Cutting
Pay Demands in Half

NEW YORK, Nov. 20 lP.-New
rounds of talks in the East Coast
waterfront tieup today centered on
q reported cut in the strikers pay
demands.
A source close to the negotiators
said the AFL International Long
shoremen's Association has offered
to settle the wage issue for a 25-cent
hourly increase in regular, day-work
pay.
This is only half the original
demand for a 50-cent hourly boost
But there were scant indications the
employers would accept the new
figure.
10-Cent Offer Was Rejected.
Previously, the New York Ship
ping Association, representing the
employers, fixed 10-cent hourly in
crease as their utmost concession. u
1t was the dockworkers' rejection
of this offer that II days ago
touched of the strike that has
paralyzed every major Atlantic port
and tied up 217 foreign and Ameri-
can-f1ag vessels.
The longshoremens straight-time
pay under the old contract was SITS
hourly.
William N. Margolis, head of a
Federal mediation panel which
brought the disputants together for
the first time yesterday said the
discussions had produced new pro-
posals which would merit serious
consideration by both Sides
Meeting Again Today.
The proposals 60 before an en-
ployer meeting today for consider
alton. Both sides sit down together
again this afternoon.
With vast stores of import
export goods tied up in holds OF
strikebound ships and on water
front piers, appeals continued to be
made for movement of commodities
in special categories.
So far the union has remained
adamant in its policy of not handling
any shipments except those for the
Army.
In Washington, Paul Hoffman
economic cooperation administra-
| tor, wired the union and employers
urging that a plan be worked out
for handling Marshall Plan cargoes
He said the strike imperils "the sue
cess of the entire program"
Appeals to Both Sides.
Mr.. Hoffman made the appeal ir
a telegram addressed to John v
Lyon Of the New York Shipping As.
sociation, and to Joseph P. Ryan
president of the Longshoremen's
Association.
Mr.. Hoffman said that the Amer.
ican people in an "unselfish pro.
gram" have authorized spending
IS, ,000, 100000 in the seven-and-a.
half months that the ECA has beer
operating.
Great strides in European recov-
cry have already been made" Mr.
Hoffman said.
"The continued flow of such re-
covery goods to the participating
countries is vital to the success OF
the entire recovery program" Mr.
Hoffman said.
Says Peoples Bill Is Defeated.
Because of the shipping strike, he
said, delays in forwarding materials
have occurred which mot only en-
danger the recovery of Europe, but
tend to defeat the will of the Amer
ican people"
Il ask therefor that early in your
(See MARITIME. Page A-2D
Evening star., 1948-11-20
u. 5. Bars Shift
Of Negeb Unless
Israel Consents
Jews Admission to
U. N. Supported in
Policy Statement
BY the Asseciofed Press

PARIS, Nov. 20.-The United
States told the United Nations
today that the Negeb desert
area of Southern Palestine
should not be taken from
Israel without full consent OF
the Jews.
The United States, in a long
awaited statement on Palestine, also
told the 58-nation Political Com
mittee that it looks forward to ad-
mission of Israel to the United Ma
tions.
DR.. Philip C. Jessup, the American
deputy, said the Government in
Washington generally is in accord
with the conclusions of the assas-
sinated mediator, Count Folke
Bernadotts with the exception OF
certain principles concerning bound
aries.
Jews Reject Negeb Change.
Count Bernadotte proposed that
the Negeb be turned over to the
Arabs and that the Jews take West
ern GaliIee IN exchange. The Is
raelis, now in control of the Negeb
through a successful military offen-
sive against the Egyptians, reject
this. The Negeb was allotted to
them under the original U. N. par
tition plan
The Political Committee scheduled
this special session on the Berna-
dotte plan after having intended
originally to adjourn for the week
end.
The British already have asked
the United Nations to seek solu-
ton in Palestine along the lines OF
Count Bernadotte's proposals. The
Jews object because loss OF the
Negeb would reduce Israeli territory
bv three-fifths. The Arabs reject 1t
because it would imply recognition
of Israel as state.
DR.. Jessup said:
"The distinguished representative
of the United Kingdom has present.
ed it (the British proposaD with an
invitation to amendment, and we
might wish to avail ourselves OF
this invitation at later date"
Boundary Claims Backed.
While DR.. Jessup said the United
States supported Israel's claim to
boundaries outlined in the original
partition plan, he added:
"If Israel desires additions, 1t
would be necessary for Israel to offer
an appropriate exchange through
negotiations"
This was taken by observers as an
invitation to Israel to renounce
Western Galilee, which its forces
now hold, or to offer some part OF
the Negeb in exchange for it:
DR.. Jessup, whose speech still was
described as a preliminary" state.
ment. said Of final Holy Land
boundaries:
Our general view is that We
must seek further agreement be-
tween the parties rather than at:
tempt at this time to draw SPECIFIC
boundary lines"
The. United States, DR.. Jessup
said, is inclined to the view that
the Cancellation Commission which
Count Bernadotte recommended
should undertake further effort to
bring about settlement of boundary
questions.
Wants Refugees Returned.
Speaking of some 100000 Arab
refugees in Palestine, DR.. Jessup
said:
1--WE believe that they should be
permitted to return to their homes
and that adequate compensation
should be arranged for the property
of those who choose not to return.
The assembly yesterday voted to
(See PALESTINE, Page A-2)
Evening star., 1948-11-20
Stolen Dynamite Blast
Fatal to ID FiIipinos
BY the Associofed Press

MANILA, Nov. 20.-Fourteen Fill
pinos were killed and IL seriously
injured today in the explosion OF
stolen dynamite at an evacuation
center 80 miles north of Manila, the
Red Cross reported.
The victims were women and
children who had fled nearby viii
lagos to San Ildefonso to escape the
Communicated Hukbalahap guer-
rillaS.
The refugees were unaware ckthe
presence of the dynamite. A spark
from 4 cook stove ignited 1t.
Evening star., 1948-11-20
Cut Cable Near Albany
Disrupts Phone Service
By the Assoeiafsd Press

ALBANY, N. Y, Nov. 20.-Tel-
ephone service between Albany and
points south was disrupted for sew
eral hours early today after . cable
had been cut near this city.
Troubleshooters informed State
police that ut looked like malicious
interference"
The cable was lying on the ground
slashed, they said.
Some Associated Presstgires were
out for nearly an hour, Store re-
routing restored service.
Evening star., 1948-11-20
Strike HoIts Tokyo Troins

TOKYO, Nov. 20 (R.-Streetcars
subways and suburban electric trains
were stranded for 80 minutes today
LStriking electrical workers cut hf1
the power temporarily to emphaS4le
their demands for more pay.
Evening star., 1948-11-20
Smith Back In Moscow

MOSCOW, Nov. 20 (P.-American
Ambassador Walter BNdell Smith
returned to Moscow today after Q
brief visit to Berlin.
Evening star., 1948-11-20

(See CIO, Page A-2.)
Evening star., 1948-11-20

(See STEEL, Page A-2.)
Evening star., 1948-11-20

(See INAUGURAL, Page A-2)
Evening star., 1948-11-20

(See HOSPITALS, Page Az,
Evening star., 1948-11-20

(See PALESTINE, Page A.
Evening star., 1948-11-20

(See BERLIN, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1948-11-20

(See MARITIME, Page A-2D
Evening star., 1948-07-04

How does stack up by comparison
with an East Germany controlled by the Soviet?
capacities to estimate American officials say
There the Soviet Changes through
dsaning sweeping The caused industrial
relocation Many plants shifted from Western
Germany the east escape bornbings
Broadly the basis of official American military government
and East Germany about as follows:
is efsudcient apparently so in food once
gets agricutura output However, has virtually
no iron muscles" that Germany strong.
supporting standpoint American ofcals say the east
appear be better off for the present It reach trade
easily than the west because doesn't have to make
huge ouays match the vests industrial
tential
Rhine Province Best Industrial Region
the which includes the Ruhr Is by
important Germany The saar in
another industrial BASIN Eastern Germany has
Saxony which is of industrial Importance.
When military governments
economic unit called Bzonia they
which before the accounted for Sc to 6S per cent
population employment manufacturing production and
so-caed That the Ger
the separation of East Prussia and other German ter
Rivers The before the war
produced the total industrial exports
Evening star., 1948-07-04
The Why of Conventions Still an Enigma
But
the DELEGATES ArentW WoriedAb AboutTh

keymen to make their deals In
smoke filled" rooms. While all
this is going on, according to the
Entertainment Theory, the conven-
ton rank-and-file must be kept
amused. Hence the speeches, songs,
demonstrations and what-not.
This, as anybody who has been
anywhere near a convention knows,
is utterly preposterous. There is
nothing amusing about sitting
through the preliminary stages of
a convention. It is far grimmer
and more grueling work than any
amount of balloting.
Materialistic Theory
Another explanation, popular
among the more cynical observers,
is known as the Materialistic Theory.
1t has nothing to do with Marxism.
1t holds, simply, that any city which
is obliging enough to offer itself as a
convention site, deserves to profit
by the arrangement. If the parties
were to confine themselves to the
business for which they had con-
vened, in most instances they could
finish their labors in one or two
days. The effect on the incomes OF
local shop, hotel and restaurant
proprieters would be disastrous.
This theory, however, is as dubious
as the others. If the convention
managers were primarily concerned
with keeping things going four or
five days out Of difference to the
local chambers of commerce, they
could do it a good deal more efiec-
lively and painlessly than they do.
They could, for instance, hold one
ballot each day, and leave the dele
gates free to roam around the rest
Of the time. The delegates would
profit as much as the city would
from such an arrangement.
No, the truth is that no salts
factory explanation as to why con-
ventions are the way they are has
vet been evolved. The answer prob
ably is lost somewhere in the fast
ness of our history. But the people
who 20 to conventions are not wor-
ried about theories and explanations.
They show every sign Of being pre-
pared to 60 on doing it the way they
have been doing it, whatever the
reason may be.
It is probably Just as well. There
is something nice about . country
as young as this one cherishing an
institution which It cannot explain.
Evening star., 1948-07-04

trail Committee of the Chinese Com
munist Party, Mao called attention
to the establishment of the Euro
pean "Cominform" and suggested
that a similar organization should
be set up ito coordinate the lib
Grafton movement of the billion
people of the Far East" That bill
lion would, Of course, include all
of Southeast Asia.
There is good reason to believe
that this pronouncement by Mao
was dictated by orders from the
Eastern Political Department" in
Moscow, stated by veteran Com
munists from all Asiatic lands. The
reason for this speeding up was OBJ
vlous. Things were going too well
(See STODDARD, Page B-2D
Evening star., 1948-07-04
By Edwin Shonke

By Edwin Shonke
BERLN-Though potentially big industrial producer Western
Germany low standard Of living for years
to come 1t faces long, struggle provide for its innab
tants.
That the way military economic experts
view the state Here some OF the
problems they foresee:
Western Germany import close billion and half
dollars annually current prices With that could
consumption something the
Food then will be adequate raton-free basis
quality however, will be lower than in prewar days
The liability Western Germany is that Is
Before the produced only % TO
of its population That means
when agriculture recovered it will be able to supply its 45
with approximately 1900 caoes day. Before
consumed about 1850 caloes day.
At present the 1850 calores daily
Comparison With East Germany
In addition state must import annually an
other dollars worth of industrial products mainly
raw materials, get back self supporting basis.
experts believe that Western Germany will have
to export about than 1t will
doesn't take into consideration paying OH
advances.
Evening star., 1948-07-04

thing but the rubber hose. They
put the delegates in sweltering heat
They forced them to stay there for
hours at time. They kept them
awake, days on end, under binding
white lights. They blared music at
them-the same songs, over and over
again. They added a new refin-
ment to the traditional third-degree
tortures by making them listen to
scores of sterile speeches, screeched
into microphones powerful enough
to forestall the possibility of any
delegate escaping by falling asleep.
God Bless America
Anybody in his right mind would
60 to almost any lengths to get out
of it. But what if the balloting was
carried out, without the preliminary
trappings, in aforementioned COM
fort? What if the sessions were
limited to reasonable daytime hours,
giving the delegates time to eat and
sleep? What then would impel them
to compose their differences and
reach a decision? Would anybody
change his mind under these cir
cumstances? Might the delegates
not go on indefinitely and happily,
ballot after ballot, waiting for the
other side to yield?
It seemed likely, and I felt had
made an important discovery. IT
you sing God Bless America"
enough times to an uncomfortable
man, I thought, eventually he is
bound to break. If before you let
him start voting you give him the
business" for go or 10 hours, even
tually he will be reduced to pliable
remnant of the determined char
acter who came to town at the
weeks beginning, shaved, collected
and full of stubborn resolve.
"I can't stand it," he will sob
brokenly. "I1l say anything-vote
for anybody. I'll talk. Only let
me out of here. I want to go home
| I still think there may be some
thing to the Third-Degree Theory.
On sober reflection, however, I am
inclined to agree with the experts
that there are flaws in it-perhaps
fatal flaws.
Technique Has Failed
In the first place, whatever Is In
tended, the record does not indicate
that the torture technique has al
ways succeeded In producing easy
Evening star., 1948-07-04
BY NewboId Noyes, Jr.

This is the season when, every
fourth year, Americans must cast
around in their minds again for
the answer to one of their most
perplexing political questions. 1t is
this:
"What-and why's a national
convention?"
The dictionary doesn't help
Everybody knows conventions are
party gatherings for the nominating
of candidates for President and Vice
President and for providing them
with a platform and a national
committee. But the convention as
a phenomenon can no more be ex-
planned in those terms than an atom
bomb blast can be described in the
formula ENC.
In the years since the Anti-Ma-
sonic Party staged the first national
convention in 1882, this institution
has evolved into one which has nc
parallel. Take a political meeting
with serious business to conduct;
add, in equal parts, mixture oil
the most lurid imaginative concepts
of Dante, P. T. Barnum and the
eminent horror cartoonist, Charles
Adams. Stir rapidly. You have
now something that approximate
national convention.
| Convention Third Degree
Why? Why is it that, for two o,
three days before getting down tt
business, these worthy people gs
through a weird ritual that coulc
not be equaled by Knights OF the
Royal Order of Gibbons convenine
in a madhouse? The Man Who
antics and the vaudeville acts o1
the opening days have never beer
known to exert direct influence or
the eventual decision of the august
gathering. What is it all about?
AS a novice observer, I evolved
my own theory about convention:
during the recent Republican con-
clave in Philadelphia. 1t is a simple
concept: Some of my more expert
enced conventioneering friends say
it is too simple. What struck me
was the similarity between wha1
went on there and certain police
practices which, in less socially
conscious times, used to be loosely
grouped under the title third de-
gree" Mine, then, is known as the
Third-Degree Theory Of conventions
In Philadelphia, they had every.
Evening star., 1948-07-04

on the first ballot and helped to
nominate him-to get rid of him. In
the election which followed, five
Southern States - virginia, North
Carolina, Florida, Tennessee and
Texas-cast their electoral votes
against Mr.. Smith FOR Republican
Herbert Hoover.
Plan Full.Scale Battle
/ One week from tomorrow South
ern delegates will tramp into the
Democratic National Convention In
Philadelphia, prepared to fight to
the limit against the nomination of
President Truman to succeed him.
self.
Southern Democrats fought al
Smith on the wet" and religious
issues. They are fighting Mr.. Tru-
Evening star., 1948-07-04

or quick agreement among dele
gates to conventions. In New York
in 1924, for example, the Democrats
were subjected to no less thorough
softening-up process than at the
average convention of that era.
True, in those benighted days, tele-
vision arc lights had not yet been
thought up, and sound-amplifica-
ton had been developed to far less
exquisite degree than it has today.
Yet the delegates got a full treat
ment Of speeches, songs, general
nonsense and exhausting demonstra-
tions. And they managed, somehow,
to top off the performance by bal
loting 100 times between AL Smith
and William G. McAdoo, before
settling on John w. Davis on the
103d try. 1t took them Is days.
In the second place, there is no
noticeable easing of the torture pro-
gram even in conventions where
the outcome is a foregone conclu-
sion and there are no differences to
resolve. This fact is a serious blow
to the Third-Degree Theory. Sure
ly, for example, there was little
question in 1896 but that the Demo-
Gratis would repominate President
Roosevelt. Why shouldn't they have
done it quietly right away, and
gone their ways in peace? The
chances are said to be in the neigh
borhood of 100 to / that the Demo-
Gratis will nominate President Tru-
man when they convene In Phila-
delphia July II. But is any one
prepared to predict they will do 1t
in an ordeal any less intense than
the one to which the Republicans
subjected themselves last month?
It would be rash prediction.
The Entertainment Theory
There are, OF course, rival theo-
ries which seek to explain what
happens at conventions. Perhaps
the most prominent is the Enter
tainment Theory. This holds that
in addition to the main business of
the convention-selecting nominees
there is a good deal of work which
must be got out of the way while
the convention is in progress, in
which not all delegates need en-
gage.
The various committees, for ex-
ample, must have a chance to de-
liberate and prepare their reports.
There must be time, too, for the
Evening star., 1948-07-04
South Girds for Big Battle
OyerT I rumanN Nomination
President Likely to Be Convention Choice
on First Vote Despite Opposition to
His Civil Rights Program
By Gould Lincoln

Of century the solid South
revolving against the nomination OF leading
candidate for Democratic presidential nomination.
turned back by Southern
the 1924 -Four
delegates Southern States voted for Mr. Smith
Evening star., 1948-07-04
Communists Seem Ready
ToStir UpSoutheast Asia
Reds Increasing Activity, With Obvious Plan
Being to Make Recovery Programs Fail
and Cash in on the Failure
By Lothrop Stoddord

International communism centering in Moscow is both
carefully coordlnted
again been grm by happening Southeast
Asia The upsge Communist activity in all the countries
living between rapidly attaining intensity
the but likewise Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-21
Iron, Mrs. F. l.. G., FdirtGr

Swedish Sand Tarts: One-third
cup blanched almonds, ground; 4
unblanched almonds, ground; 70
cup butter, y cup sugar, small
egg white, unbeaten; ~ cups cake
-four.
Grind all almonds twice. Blend
in other Ingredients Chill hour.
Press dough into tiny fluted tart
forms to coat inside. Bake. Loosen
edges and turn out tarts. Bake in
modern over $3.50 about Is minutes.
Makes about dozen cookies de-
pending on size.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-21

even a beauty patch on her face.
Now that is what is known as really
doing it up brown" don't you think?
Seven silhouettes are shown at
Dache's for spring. The templet-
flowers at both temples, side sailors
hanging on one ear, the minoche
(little pad in French) coming over
one eye and held with flowers or
ribbons to keep 1t on; the beautiful
butterfly" hat, the Bovary bonnet
tieing in a big bow at one cheek,
and her charming Venetian tricorne.
Laddie Northridge's hats were
seen earlier in the week, when some
were shown with one of the best
dress collections seen during Couture
Week in New York, that of Nine.
Eta. Her "ladylike" collection was
spiked with his hats designed to
carry out her American beauty
theme. The hats we particularly
liked were his crisp-looking sailors.
With the return to the Victorian
period of sentiment, and fragility of
women, Northridge uses a style
theme prevalent during the time of
Queen Victoria's reign. Her hands
were said to be so beautiful that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-21

Today RICH begins its sixth year. 1t hos grown to be
big 5-yeoroId now-some $4,000 letters have nourshed
it to bring to its present proportions Nearly three times
as many letters received o47 we're handled in
1916 Our birthday wish is that we'll top that in 1913
Some of you may remember when RICH was born in
wortime-on experiment in good neiehborIiness New
Washington learned to depend on it for the
many questons-od timers gave freely OF their
knowledge and assistance Looking back the files one
struck by the picture they present OF wartime Washing
on-ust what hot period meant to the women Who were
trying to do their bit the home front.
1t is moving record, and one Of which we ore very
proud And one for which very grateful For with
splendid cooperation and generosity OF all its read
ers the column would have ceased to exist 1t is your
boby" therefore, that boasts five candles on its coke to-
doy-ond think YOU too, can be proud So it seems
fitting gesture to use the birthday decoration the de-
sian SUGGESTED by member Of the RICH family, Mrs E.
L. c. of Washington Our thanks to her and to all OF you
who have kept US such going eoncern-BETsY CASWElL