davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-07-27
More Russian Fighter Planes
Reported Sent to Berlin Area
Capital May Get Two
Police Forces in
Fight Over Chiefs
By the Associatad Press

BERLIN, July 27.-Two police
forces as we'll as two police chiefs
appeared in prospect today for
blockaded Berlin.
Communists directly challenged
the authority of the Socialist-con.
trolled city government. Paul Mark
graf, Communist trained police
president, told the elected munich
pal government it could not suspend
him because he had the support oi
the Soviet army. The city govern.
ment ordered him removed yester.
day.
Markgraf said he would refuse tc
yield his Office in Central Police
Headquarters to Socialist DR.. Jo-
hannes Stumm, his former deputy
whom the city government has ap.
pointed as his successor.
Central police headquarters is ir
(See BERLIN, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1948-07-27
By w. n. Shippen, j
Ssor StaH Correspondent

BERLIN, July 27-Uncle Sam's
busiest delivery boys have chalked
up 100000 miles and more than
81, 900 tons in the first month of the
grocery run up the air corridor to
Berlin.
The service Is excellent and ticks
right around the clock all hours
and every day, but picking the
heavy stuff up and bouncing 1t down
is no gravy train for the men work
ing is hours q day with no over
time.
Some newsmen travelling with the
transatlantic Jet convoy planes
rode In here today, more or less
thinly disguised Is 1oo-pound sacks
Evening star., 1948-07-27
Red Army Declared
Conducting Big
Reich Muneuvers
BY the Associofed Press

BERLIN, July 27.-German
press reports said today that the
Russians are increasing sub
stantially the number of fighter
planes, including jets, stationed
in their zone of Germany around
Berlin.
These reports appeared as the
Americans strengthened their COM
bat plane forces at bases in Western
Germany. The most recent Ameri-
can additions were 16 jet fighters
which reached Fuerstenfeldbruck
Sunday.
German reports also said large
Soviet summer army maneuvers are
taking place in the Russian zone,
from the Baltic South to Thuringia.
The reports said much armor is in
volved, including big Joseph Stain
ICo. M a NI7TTyTI7nC no~o EI
Evening star., 1948-07-27
First Draftees Called
WiII Be Oldest Men
In n19-to-25AgeG Group
Gen.Hershey and Members
Of Two Congress Groups
Agree on System
By Miriom Ottenbero

The oldest men in the 19-to-25
age group will be called first in
the forthcoming draft, Selective
Service Director Lewis B. Her
shey announced today.
That will mean that the men born
in 1922 after August 80, will be the
first men called for the draft if they
are not deferred as veterans or for
physical, occupational or dependency
reasons. The draft registration will
start August 30.
| Gen. Hershey's announcement
came after he conferred for more
than an hour with the members of
the Senate and House Armed Serv-
ices Committees who wrote the con-
ference report on the draft bill.
Concur on System.
Chairman Gurney of the Senate
group told reporters that the con-
ferees were convinced ! that the
system Gen. Hershey had outlined
to them "is fair and in accordance
with the Selective Service Act" :"
Chairman Andrews of the House
committee concurred.
Previously, Senator Gurney had
indicated some question in his mind
about calling by age groups, but the
conferees had stricken that provi-
sion from the final bill.
Gen. Hershey predicted that with
in six months the 100000 men
aged %, %, "a and Is will know
where they stand in the draft.
From those four age groups he es-
timated that the draft would not be
able to furnish the Army with more
than 10000 men. Secretary of the
Army Royal has said the Army
expects to get approximately 10000
men month through the draft.
In the 25-year-old group alone,
Gen. Hershey said, he doubted that
more than 5000 men would be avail
able for service, although approx
mately 1900, 900 men are in this age
group and will have to register.
Few 25-Year- Odds Available.
So few 25-year-olds will be avail
able, Gen. Hershey explained, be-
cause they are veterans or because
they failed to meet physical require
ments or because their jobs or de-
pendents warrant their deferments.
Gen. Hershey pointed out that in
this age group are a number of men
who we're examined in the war years
and who were rejected for physical
reasons.
Veterans who will have to regis
ter, but are deferred by law are
those who served honorably on ac-
tive duty for a year or more between
September 16, 1910, and the day the
law was enacted, or who served for
more than 80 days between Pearl
Harbor and VI Day.
Other veterans who saw active
duty between September, 1910, and
the date Of enactment of the law for
a period of more than three months
but less than IL months are condi-
tionally deferred if they enlist or
are appointed in one of the reserve
components.
Men who became members of the
reserve units, such as the National
Guard, before the law went in
effect also are deferred as long as
(See DRAFT. Page A-5D
Evening star., 1948-07-27
Showers Add 10 Humidity;
Heat Due 10 Continue

Brief scattered showers in some
sections of the city today only
added to the humidity as the
Weather Bureau reported hot and
sticky weather would continue at
least another day.
Showers are expected again to-
morrow, but they won't bring any
relief, the forecaster said.
The temperature is slated to go
to about 80 degrees today, drop back
around 70 tonight and then 60 back
up again tomorrow.
This will be accompanied by
above average" humidity, he said.
Yesterdays high Of 81 was set at
$40 pm.
Evening star., 1948-07-27
Police Flying Wedge Subdues
'Pickets at Univis Lens Plant

tense atmosphere. In previous dis
orders at the plant, police said a
chemical smelling like skunk oil had
been sprayed about the picket line
Stanley Emerson, Univis vice
president, estimated that by mid
morning about 300 hourly rated en-
ployes had returned to work. The
plant normally employees about $50
workers.
The plant reopened yesterday un-
der heavy police guard. In a Ma
tional Labor Relations Board elec-
ton last Friday the workers voted
302 to 272 not to retain the union,
Local 1853 of the CIO United Elec-
trical Workers, as bargaining agent
Evening star., 1948-07-27
IS Young Wanaceites
Here 10 Lobby Against
Draft, for Rights Bill
Claim Larger Group
Is Hitchhiking to Capital
From Philadelphia

Eighteen members of the
Young Progressives of America
I-proclaiming themselves tht
vanguard of a larger group tt
arrive later-prepared to visit
Capitol Hill this afternoon tt
lobby for repeal of the draft
and immediate enactment o.
civil rights legislation.
The 18 members arrived here from
Philadelphia last night and imme.
diately set up in the Henry Wallace
headquarters, 1922 Connecticut ave.
nue. NV.
At press conference called short
ly before noon today, members of the
youth arm of Henry Wallaces Pro.
gressive Party said many of theil
friends, without funds, were hitch
hiking to Washington.
Calls Truman Move "Ineffectual."
They said Mrs. Dorothy Smith
Daley, colored, of Boston, a candi-
date for the Massachusetts, House Of
Delegates, proposed on the floor Of
their convention at Philadelphia
yesterday that delegates make the
trip to Washington to urge repea
of the draft, enactment of anti.
lynch legislation and passage o1
civil liberties bills.
At the conference, Jack Lee, col.
ored, of Boston, director of the
Young Progressives of Massachu-
sets, called President Truman's
surprise establishment of a fail
employment practices plan for the
Federal civil service system an
Intellectual effort"
Mr.. Lee said that 1--WE don't fee
President Truman is going to make
a sincere effort for civil liberties
and price control legislation" The
Young Progressives, he said, are
opposed to the so-called separate
but equal" facilities in the Gov
ernment.
Questions Sincerity.
The executive order, he said, was
feeble gesture to Presidential
Candidate Wallace as a result OF
action at the Progressive conven-
ton. I do not believe it was a
sincere effort and I don't believe
the mass of Negro people will &C.
cept it,
Mr.. Lee said there would be nc
concerted march on Congress but
that delegates will visit Senators
and Representatives from their own
States. States represented by those
at the conference included Cali
fornia, Massachusetts,, Illinois, North
Evening star., 1948-07-27
picture on Page A-3.)

DAYTON, Ohio, July 27.-Pickei
line resistance flared today as po-
lice threw in a flying wedge to pre-
NIT reopening of the strike-bouno
Univis Lens Co. plant.
Seven pickets. including one ar
rested in disorders yesterday. were
hauled away in a police wagon.
One nonstriker was knocked down
while attempting to enter the plant
He was treated at the company
clinic. The dress of a woman non
striker was ripped.
Stencil bombs again scented the
Evening star., 1948-07-27
By the Associoted Press

Senator Wherry of Nebraska
acting Republican leader of the
Senate, said today President
Truman's message proves the
special congressional session "is
purely political"
Terming Mr.. Truman's price con-
troll and other recommendations a
complete rehash of old messages, .
Senator Wherry commented to
IneWSmen:
I'VE are just as anxious as any
one else to see prices lower, but !
do not agree with the President on
his approach"
Democrats on Capitol Hill gen.
orally spoke out in favor of the
Presidents recommendations, ex-
Evening star., 1948-07-27
Bulletin
Airline Strike Settled

The six-month- -old strike of
office and clerical workers
against the National Airlines
was ended today in a sudden
agreement between the man
agenment and the Interna-
tiOnal Association of Machin-
lists, effective August 2. Several
hundred members of the lam
had been affected by the
strike, which began January
23.
Evening star., 1948-07-27
Star Writer Rides Into Berlin
With Load of Flour on CAT

of reinforced whole wheat Hour from
Kansas City.
But that was our de luxe run,
the pilot grinned at correspondents
busting -four out Of their eyes and
ears. "You boys shbuld have come
up on the coal train"
The first weeks of Operation
Vittles" were flown almost continu-
ously on instruments through fog
and rain squalls, but the sun broke
through today to the relief of pilots
who like OF see where they're going
when radio beams are mysteriously
jammed and Russian fighters are
ready to ride herd on the most In
nocent of mavericks.
A break in the weather meant
(See SHIPPEN, Page A-4}
Evening star., 1948-07-27
BULLETIN

Adjournment of the special
session within two weeks was
discussed today among Repub-
lican congressional leaders.
They also sounded out South
ern Democrats on the idea.
Chairman Allen of the House
Rules Committee left a meet
ing of the COP top command
to say he favored ending the
extra session by the end of
next week.
Evening star., 1948-07-27
w g a ther Forecast

Cloudy, warm and humid today, high near
30. Brief showers today and tonight, low
about u. Tomorrow, cloudy warm with
scattered showers. Full report on Page A-2)
Evening star., 1948-07-27

(See FRANCE, Page A-7D
Evening star., 1948-07-27

(See SHIPPEN, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1948-07-27

(See MANEUVERS, Page A-5J
Evening star., 1948-07-27

Lote New York Markets, Poqe A-lo.
Evening star., 1948-07-27

(See COMMENT, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1948-07-27

(See BERLIN, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1948-12-02

7t.or discussion at the summer ses-
sion. -.
Proposals which may result in an
Increase in dues are:
A plan calling for financing of a
.ull-time service officer to repre-
sent the department at the regional
office Of the Veterans Administra-
ton.
Refinancing of the department. S
monthly newspaper.
Proponents of the two measures
have advocated a general dues in
crease as the best way to pay for
them.
May Revise Constitution.
The 446 delegates. most of whom
served in the same capacity last
August, also will be asked to con-
slider complete revision" of the
departments constitution and by
laws. All amendments t6 be pro-
posed have been described as 'rou-
tine" aimed at streamlining the
governing documents.
Another point to be considered is
reorganization of the American
Legion Club, 2437 Fifteenth street
NV. A proposal will be introduced
calling for a government for the
Evening star., 1948-12-02

Rice paper is not made from rice.
but from the pith of small tree,
aralia papyrifera, which grows In
swampy forests of Formosa.
Evening star., 1948-12-02
Special Convention
OF District Legion
To Open Tomorrow

A special convention of the Dis
trict Department of the American
Legion will be held tomorrow and
Saturday at the Commerce Depart
ment Auditorium to consider several
matters by-passed at the regular
convention last summer.
High on the list of measures are
two proposals which, If adopted,
probably will bring an increase in
dues of all posts and members, it
was stated.
The special session. which meets
at = pm. tomorrow and again Sat-
urdav afternoon and evening, was
called by Department Comdr. David
E. Kisliuk. He acted under mandate
of the regular convention.
Voted Last August.
When the group concluded its
meeting last August at the Hotel
Statler, it voted to hold a special
session at some future time to take
up items considered too lengthy
Evening star., 1948-12-02

club by q 10.member Board Of MAN.
ayers. One member would be the
District Department commander.
The other nine would be- elected for
three-year terms with three to be
elected at each regular department
convention.
Benjamin Aronsohn, general chair
man at the regular convention, will
serve in the same capacity at the
special session.
Evening star., 1948-02-02

AWss In The Csrk Mirror"
WhAL, t0:45-Repressntative Richard Nixon
discusses legislative aspects Of ihe Un.Ameriean
Activities Committee Of the House.
W0p, ti:t5-"Should Men Wear More
coorfuI Clothes"
VOL. ii:30-Beeinning series Of pro.
grams highIiehine Iesser.known activities oI
fhe United Nations. Edward 6. Robinson is
narrator.
Evening star., 1948-02-02
Last-mtnufe changes In

radio programs SOME
times reach The Star too
Evening star., 1948-02-02
ON 1HE AIR TONIGHT.

W0p, 7:t5-sonss by Helen Forrest ane
Jack Smith.
WWDc, 7:3O-Redskins' Owner George Mar
shall chats with Sam Kaufman.
WRC, 8:00-Heen Hayes in Good Morning
Miss Tyekman.". >.
WhAL, 9:O0-Johnny Desmond and Liz
Kirk are Paul Whitemans guests.
Evening star., 1948-02-02

W0P, 300" Mother Wore Tight" stars
the film leads, Betty Cradle and Dan Daley.
WRC, 9:00-Tsnor Set Sssnholm offers
'Vesti Ia Giubba," Sisgmunds Love Song
from Die Walkure" and Slssfrisds narrative
from "Goiterdammerung."
WMAL, 9:3O-tonsressionaI hearing On
home rule for the District broadcast.
WRc, t0:00-Jane Fromsn is guest vocalist.
WT0P, 10:30Lorstis Young end Lew
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15
Seeded Pasture Leads
Wheat in Returns

A SEEDED dryland pasture which
has brought a larger return per acre
during the period 1942-47 than win
ter wheat on similar ground, ever at
present inflated price levels, was de-
scribed in a report from the Archer,
Wyo., field station of the u. S. de-
partment of agriculture.
A. l.. Nelson, superintendent of
the station, said that a dryland pas
ture consisting of crested wheat
grass, alfalfa and sweet clover has
produced an average of $24.15 worth
of lamb per acre during the six-year
period, while winter wheat at the
station has averaged $20.15 per acre
during the same length of time.
Nelson pointed out that the winter
wheat was grown in a two-year rota-
ton which included one season of
summer fallow, and that winter
wheat yields had been exceptionally
low because of hail in 1913 and
drought in 1914, but he emphasized
that the dryland pasture was sub
jected to the same climatic con
ditions.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15

Yes. Shell Tracrol
Lubricant is highly
moisture repellant-
will not wash away
from rollers, even
when tracks are
under water. Feed
from grease reser-
voirs to roller shafts
is constant at all times
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15
Baker Massacre
Continued From Page 11)

and hurried away from possible
contagion.
No Reprimand
In general this incident receives
little attention from students of
Montana history, partly because its
victims were Indians, partly because
1t reflects no credit on the United
States army. Although an account
of it was circulated at the time, and
people in the east expressed indig-
nation, the general attitude was one
of indifference, in keeping with the
widely held theory that the only
good Indian was a dead inc Baker
never located the true culprits, nor
did he receive any reprimand from
his su~periors.
I have drawn my account largely
from those of James Willard Shulz
and Martha Plassman, which agree
on all major points. Some historians
discount Shultz because he had a
Blackfeet wife, and had been adopt
ed into that tribe but the same cir
cumstances fitted Malcolm Clarke.
Shultz probably received his in
formation from Indian sources, with
in a decade and a half after the mas
sacre, when he came to Montana as
q trader and dealt with the Black
feet.
Mrs. Plassman, however, cannot
be accused of bias; she was a daugh-
ter of Sidney Edgerton, first terri
toria1 governor of Montana, was
brought here as a child, when her
father was appointed chief justice Of
the territory of Idaho, which hac
been recently formed, and of which
western Montana was then a part
The family made its home in Ban
mack, but Mrs. Plassman was als'
well acquainted with Fort Benton
where she first met Major Baker
some years after the massacre.
She had no personal connectio
with the Indians, especially tn
Blackfeet, and her statements wer
made simply in the interests of fal
play. I find no reason to doubt eithe
her knowledge of the facts, or he
sincerity.
The massacre took place at til
mouth of a winding, frequent
grassy canyon, which cuts far bacl
between what is now both field an
pasture land. And it has retaine
since 1870, the title given it in con
memoration of this incident-Dei
Indian Coulee.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15

To minimize abrasion, we developed
special tough-bodied, adhesive prop
critics in the grease. Result: Shell
Tfacro1Lubricant seals out sand, dust,
grit...even under toughest conditions
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15
5. How does ii pay off in
dollars and cents?

We believe you'll find that specially
compounded ShellTracrol Lubricant
promises less wear in your rollers.
lasting protection of bearings. Plus
reduced lubricant consumption be-
cause of minimum loss in operation.
So your maintenance costs are held
to a good steady low. And under
all conditions
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15
4. What happens TO it under
heavy power loads !?

To offset the heating and scoring of
bearing metals, under heaUy poqoer
demands, we built extreme pressure
properties into the grease. Result:
you can count on smooth operation,
whatever the load on the track system
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15

Shell scientists believe you'll be interested in the questions they k.- g.
asked themselves when developing Shell 1facrol Lubricant GS9S5
So we've set them down here ). with answers proven by Shell V&Alj "
research. We invite you to check each with your heaUief duty q IN
requirements in mind. Then see if you don't agree that all add VS. MI \
up to reduced costs for track roller bearing maintenance. ~ wv
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15
/. How will Shell TruaoI Lubricant
stand up under heat?

Exceptionally high melting points
keep it from thinning away, even in
hottest track temperatures. In fact,
its protective tackiness increases
under extreme heat
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15

On your lex chonge, why not LEI your
She'll Representative help you select
the exec grade Of She'll TrocroI
Lubricant for your particular operation?
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-08-15

and hurried away from possible
contagion.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-02-13
Chicogoons Throw
Picket Around
L0rqe Store

CHICAGO (ANPl-The Council
for Job Equality on State street
threw up q I6O-person picket line
around the Goldblatt Department
store In the loop here early last
week a. the first move TO compel
all Of the large State street depart
msnt stores to discontinue the prAe-
ties Of denying Negroes jobs rs
sales clerks.
The picksting, to continue daily
until Goldblatt agrees 10 hire Ne
gross In sales positions, IL jointly
sponsored by the Committee on
Racial equality; American Vstsr-
ans committee, United Automobile
Workers, CLIO; UTsEA, CLIO; Unit
ed Grocery clerks, Building Service
employees, ALL; University Of
Chicago CORE and students from
Roosevelt college.
The council was organized last
summer by representatives Of civic,
labor. veteran and community
groups, to eliminate racial barriers
In hiring policies Of the loop de-
partmsnt stores. In the main, their
efforts are directed against the
State Street council, an OrgAniEa-
ton Of State street store owners
Of which Goldblatt's store was
chosen as the guinea pig" for the
protest.
A last minute attempt to nego-
tiats with the management Of
GoldblAtt store was made before
the pieksting started. A committee
met with Bernard Brown ST.. vice
president Of the store. but was told
any decision was up 70 the board
Of directors. Brown even refused
to promise 20 present the issue TO
the directors, claiming that the
matter would have 10 wait until
joel GOldblAtt returned from South
America.
The council hopes to bring Gold
blatt to terms and thus force the
Fair, Boston and any other State
street stores TO change their pres
snt policy.
Among advisory board members
Of the council are Aid. Archibald J.
Carey Jr.: the Rev. Joseph NJ.
Evans, Metropolitan Community
church: Mrs. Irene Mccoy Gaines,
president Council Of Negro organ
nations; Michael Mann. CLIO re-
Rional director; and willard Town.
send. UTSEA-CIo president.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1948-02-13
Mpls. F.E.P.C.
Office Open
In City Hall

The active lmpIsmsntinG Of the
provisions Of the Minneapolis Fair
Employment Practice Ordinance
began Tuesday with the opening
Of the Commissions offices in the
Minneapolis City Hall. The an
nounesmsnt was made by Geo. NJ.
Jensen, Chairman. The Commits
sion members, including Raymond
W. Cannon, Amos s. DsinArd, Jack
Jorgsnssn and Lawrence z. KEEL
ley, were appointed last May under
the terms Of an ordinance adopted
by the Minneapolis City Council In
January, lSA7. The affairs Of the
Commission have meanwhile been
handled on n more or less informal
basis pending the ALLEGATION Of city
funds which have made possible
the actual functioning Of the COM
mission including the appointment
OF Wilfred g. Leland, Jr., a. Ex-
eeutivs Director.
Minneapolis L. the first city In the
country TO have q municipal Fair
Employment Practice Commission.
charged with the responsibility Of
working toward the elimination Of
discrimination In employment be-
cause Of race, religion, national
origin or ancestry.
Residents Of Minneapolis who en-.
counter problems Of discrimination
In employment should report them
TO the Commissions Offices In room
A07-A In the City Han. or by tsIe-
phone, ct Lincoln 1903.