davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-02-22
By A. Ronald White
(As Told TO Wallace Johnston

SHANGHAI.-The crisis in Inner
Mongolia has reached a point where
complete political and economic
distintegration is inevitable If cor
rective measures and prompt aid
are not forthcoming. The seizure
of the whole area by Communists
would give them one Of the richest
sections of China.
Usually, when people think Of
Inner Mongolia they visualize it as
an annex of the Cobb Desert, filled
with craggy hills rising above sand
dunes or, in the Arcticlike winters
over forlorn tundras. But under
proper cultivation the great alluyial
plains and fertile valleys OF Inner
Mongolia are capable of supporting
all the inhabitants of the territory.
According to foreign geologists
the hills and mountains Of Inner
Mongolia are incredibly rich in gold
silver. coal and minerals. In fact
the Japanese often boasted that
when they had developed the Prov
inces of Char Chahar. suiyan and
Ninghsia sufficiently, they would be
in, q position to defeat the United
Rich in Resources
= Gov. Dang Of suiya1f Province de.
ciares that large deposits OF pitch
blende. source of urafiit1n and ra-
dium, have been discovered In his
province. Dang said he had ample
evidence to show that possession OF
these pitchblende deposits was one
OF the prime objectives of Commu-
mist strategy in North China.
Several United States firms have
asked the Chinese government for
concessions to develop these re-
sources. These firms promised to
pay royalties and agreed to initiate
certain improvements in Inner
Mongolia for this privilege, but
their requests were turned down by
the Chinese governments National
Resources Commission.
Meanwhile, industries the Japa-
nese built in Inner Mongolia and
whatever factories that managed to
survive the Russian occupation are
deteriorating. In Kalgan, of all the
factories that produced hides, wool,
matches, milled grain and other
commodities, only 10 per cent are in
operation.
A more complete picture Of the
crisis in Inner Mongolia can be
seen in the recent announcement
that over 10000 Mongols and Chi
nese are in need of instant relief
If they are to live through the win
ter. This figure has been con-
firmed by relief teams, Chinese au-
thorities and in a plea from Prince
Ertana Of the Buriat Mongol
League.
To understand this crisis, it is
to go back to the autumn
Of 1945, when the Soviet Union
Evening star., 1948-02-22

'entered the war against Japan.
Soviet troops marched from Urga
on a 10 to IL mile front and almost
reached Kalgan in Inner Mongolia,
before negotiations with Gen. Chow
Of the Chinese Army caused them
to withdraw. Stories circulating in
Inner Mongolia accuse the evacu-
ating Russians of conflscating thou
sands Of cattle and Of Turing or
forcing many young Mongolian men
to accompany the Russian Army into
Outer Mongolia.
Prince Dehlong Of the Selling Col
League told me that, in some areas,
only one-tenth Of the prewar popu-
lation remains. Bad harvests and
a severe winter have brought some
10000 Mongols In the Ordos region
to near starvation. Twenty thou
sand Mongols of the Wulan-C Cha
bumung League have driven their
decimated herds into the fastnesses
of the Daching Mountains.
These conditions, plus widespread
disease, have hiked the death rate
alarmingly. But, in the face of these
facts, the Chinese government never
theless refuses to acknowledge that
the Mongols OF Inner Mongolia are
a separate problem and a separate
people. Yet these people, with a
culture that electrified their ances-
tors to a bid for power in the 18th
century and brought the hordes OF
Ghenghis Khan to the walls Of War
saw and Vienna, were subsequently
to make Kublai Khan lord Of the
greater part Of Asia.
Nothing is left Of all that now,
except an undying dislike for towns,
trades, agriculture and regimenta-
ton. But the people move in tribes
or, as they call them, banners, driv-
ing their cattle from one pasture
land to another. The herd Of each
member of a banner is pitifully in
adequate today. Before the war, II
a herdsman had only 20 head Of
cattle he was considered extremely
Evening star., 1948-02-22
BrO1Un
Continued From Page C-1.)

those for Annapolis. But this sys-
tenn has q feature which the old
method of congressional appoint
ment does not possess. Candidates
who have passed the scholastic and
physical examinations are inter-
viewed for a half hour or 50 by
a board OF naval officers.
In this informal interview the can
didate is warned about the pitfalls OF
naval life and are told that hard
work with little compensation lies
ahead. The board members are
mostly instructors in the Naval
ROTC in the various colleges and
understand the psychology Of the
youngsters who come before them
The results of these interviews are
reported to a final selection board
and every candidate Is given rating
which is considered by the regional
board, composed Of a naval officer
distinguished educator and a
prominent citizen In that region
Sometimes 1t happens that a young
man who has passed the mental and
physical tests Is rejected because at
his interview he has not convinced
his examiners that he is the right
material for the Navy.
There is no valid reason why SIM
liar examinations should not be
given the men who enter the two
service academies. There is no rea-
son whatsoever why a competitive
examination for all officer training
in the armed services should not be
open to all citizens between the ages
Of 10 and 20, without compelling
them to apply first to some one
whom local politics has sent to
Congress.
There were few cases during the
war when academy appointments
were given to youths whose parents
agreed to contribute to the legisla-
tors electoral campaign. There have
been many cases in which able sons
of Army and Navy officers, who had
neither political pull nor cash, could
not obtain appointments to follow
their fathers career. In some cases
appointments were given to those
who wanted merely to escape the
draft and whose families either were
strong politically or could spare
money for some ward politician,
who in turn could influence Con-
gresham.
Under the present system of ap-
pointing to Annapolis and West
Point there is no way of ascertaining
before admission whether q candi-
date Is really good material for Army
and Navy leadership.
A strict and comprehensive test,
as provided In the Holloway Act.
open to every youth in the United
States, unquestionably would pro-
vide . higher and baf ter type OF
ofhcer for our nation defense.
Evening star., 1948-02-22

the conduct OF our international re-
latlons and also for making recon-
mendations regarding movements oi
our military forces abroad, as. fol
instance, whether our troops In
China should be increased or de-
creased. When war came. the de.
partment was no longer connected
with military operations abroad
which became subject only to the
command of the appropriate mil
itary authorities.
Ordered Full Cooperation
Almost Immediately after Pearl
Harbor said to my associates that
the role Of the State Department
from now on was to contribute to
the war effort. and I wanted every
one in the department to cooperate
to the full with the War and Navy
Departments and all war agencies
and to place at their disposal all
our facilities.
I made it practice not to let
officials of the department come to
me with the statement than an Of
ficial Of the War or Navy Depart
ments was doing something wrong
I said to them. in effect, "Remem-
Der, they are the fellows who are
taking responsibility for the strategy
and conduct Of the war. They have
q right to our fullest cooperation. u
Prior to Pearl Harbor I had been
a member Of the War Council, COM
posed of the President, the Secre-
taries Of State, War and the Navy
the Chief Of Staff and the Chief
of Naval Operations, and I took
part in its meetings. After Pearl
Harbor I did not sit In on meetings
concerned with military matters
This was because the President did
not invite me to such meetings.
raised the question with him several
times. It seemed manifest to me
that, in numerous important in
stances, the Secretary Of State
should sit in on the Presidents war
councils.
Left Out of Conferences
I feel it is a serious mistake for a
Secretary of State not to be present
at important military meetings. ]
often had occasion to point out to
the President that some develop
n1ent of a military character. which
undoubtedly had been decided al
one of these meetings, also had q
strong foreign-affairs angle o.
which I should have been informed
at the time. -.,..,
The President did not take me
with him to the Casablanca. Cairo
or Tehran Conferences, which were
predominantly military meetings
nor did take part in hfs military
discussions with Prime Minister
Churchill in Washington, some ot
which had widespread diplomatic
repercussions. said to him: I'm
not looking for increased response
bilities, but I do believe the Secre-
tary of State should attend these
meetings" I referred to the Brit
ish practice whereunder Foreign
Secretary Anthony Eden partici-
pated in all war councils.
The Presidents reply was that
Evening star., 1948-02-22
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington. D c. cs
War Council Was Minus
Hull After Pearl HarbOr
Told President He Thought State Department
Should Be Represented, but Roosevelt
Never Invited Him to Attend
By CordelI Hull

After the armed forces of the Nation under the direction
the President Commander Chief the forefronbut
diplomatic establishment significant factor in the conflict
countries vastly augmented duties
fell lot relations with allied and neutral nations
During had responsible
Evening star., 1948-02-22
Unrest in North Africa
Hints Trouble for France
Abdel Krim's Call for Native independence
Only Part of Sequence Pointing to
Nationalist Uprisings
By Lothrop Stoddord

Of Committee for Liberation OF North African
couries-Ta Agerunder charmanshp OF ABIDE
r and the aters independence from French
and spanish umutuous in that portion
of the troubled the extraordinarily able
Northern Morocco quarter
Evening star., 1948-02-22

The next instsllment Of Mr.. Hmrs
memoirs will appear ton ia TA'
Star.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
.Saposs To Advise
Shishkin In Paris

Washington (LPA) = David j.
Saposs resigned as assistant to the
Commission of Labor Statistics last
week to accept the job of special
advisor to Boris Shishkin, former
AFL economist, the chief of the
Labor Manpower Branch of the
Paris headquarters of the Econ
omic Cooperation Administration.
Arriving in Paris this week,
Saposs Immediately starts work as
the Marshall plan agency's consult
ant on European trade union af-
fairs. 1t will be his job to keep
ECA heads informed on European
union developments.
Long known to US unionists as
one of the most consistently pro-
labor and best informed of US civil
servants, Saposs has been chief of
the office of reports and statistics
of the US military government in
Germany, chief economic advisor to
the labor division of the War Pro-
duction Board, labor relations chief
of the Office of the Coordinator of
Inter American Affairs, and direc-
tor of economic research of the
NLRB under the Wagner Act.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
OBITUARIES
CHARLES HOWARD GAUGH

Redlands, Calf. Marking the
first death in the ranks of Local
Union 214 since affiliation with the
Brotherhood in March of 1916,
Charles H. Gaugh, 48, died Oct. 8,
following a short illness.
A machinist by trade, the de-
ceased had lived in Mentone, Calf.
for the past 6 years, coming here
from Kansas City, Mo. He was a
veteran of World War ii and a
member Of Redlands American
Legion Post.
Survivors include daughter,
Mrs. Betty Owen of Bellflower,
Calf; four brothers, Rufus l..
Gaugh and Floyd /. Gaugh of Red
lands, Calf; Grover Gaugh and
Alfred Gaugh, Kansas City; a sis
ter, Nora Chappell, Pennington,
Mo-, and Mrs. S. M. Bramlette,
ep-daughter of Bellflower, Calf.
Services were held from the En-
Funeral Chapel in Red
lands with officers and members of
the American Legion, officiating.
Burial was in Kansas City.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
FRED ALLEN SHAFFER

Salem, Ohio-Fred Allen Shaffer
46, an employee of the Salem China
Company and former city council
man, died Oct. 13 in the Central
Clinic Hospital, following a three
month illness.
A resident of Salem 33 years, he
was born in Wellsville Sept. 20
1902, son of Thomas j. and Anna
Rebecca Shaffer.
He was member of Local Union
AZ, National Brotherhood of Oper-
ative Potters, First Baptist Church
and Eagles Lodge.
He is survived by four daugh-
ters, Mrs. De Erla Cutler of Han
overton, and Bonnie Shaffer, Helen
Shaffer and Gloria Ann Shaffer at
home; a son, Fred Shaffer Jr., also
at home; brother, Merle Shaffer
of Youngstown; a sister, Mrs.
Stella Mondlion of Salem, and a
granddaughter.
His wife, Helen Florence Shaffer,
died last May 20.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
Dewey For
Tdft-HdrtleY

Pittsburgh (LPA) = Republican
presidential candidate Thomas E.
Dewey this week praised the record
of his party's 80th Congress, par
ticuIarly its passage of the Taft
Hartley law.
Dewey said that the first job of
the Republican Congress that took
office in 1947 was "to revise the
Natl Labor Relations Act, to make
it a better law" This it did he said
by passing the Taft Hartley law. 1t
"helps meet the new problems of
a new era" the COP hopeful de-
clared. He did not specify what
these problems are.
"The new law is not perfect" +"
Dewey admitted, but he failed to
list those imperfections, or to in
dicate what amendments his party,
if victorious this November, would
enact.
President Truman's veto of Taft
Hartley was dismissed as "politi-
cal" by his Republican rival. "We
are in the process of getting new
government under which labor and
all our people can cease their fears
about laws being used against
them," Dewey declared.
He attacked President Truman's
pre-T-H proposal of "a new law to
draft railroad workers into the
army"
Ignoring the Republican 80th
Congresses cut in Labor Dept
funds, Dewey promised that his ad
ministration would raise the sta
ture of the Dept Ignoring his
party's failure to act on President
Truman's recommendation for a
new minimum wage law and an inn
proved social security system,
Dewey pledged that the minimum
wage will be raised" and that SOC
ial security benefits will be increas-
ed and coverage extended.
The Republican spokesman also
promised a new and vigorous lead
ership in the Federal Mediation and
Cancellation Service" and said that
his administration will encourage
unions to grow in responsibility
and strengthen the processes of
collective bargaining"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
Truman For
New Deul's
Labor Policy

Akron (LPA) - In a fighting
speech this week President Tru-
man pledged himself and his party
to continue the fight for New Deal
detectives and the defense of its
labor policies against Republican
attacks.
The Democratic nominee said
that his Republican rival, Thomas
e. Dewey, has always opposed the
New Deal and its philosophy. "The
Republican program must be de-
signed primarily to cleaning away
the rubble of the New Deal" he
quoted Dewey as saying.
Truman defined the philosophy
of the New Deal and the Demo
cratic party as one of "doing things
for people, a better life for the men
and women who do the worlds
work." He cited the Wagner labor
relations act, social security, min
imum wage laws, and a program
of "better medical care, better
schools and better homes" as speci-
fic examples of the New Deal ap-
proach.
The Wagner act was zone of the
cornerstones of the New Deal" the
President declared. "Our old moss
back reactionary friends" didn't
like it, he said, because they believe
that "people who have the money
ought to run everything"
He characterized the Taft-Hart-
ley law as one which converts the
Wagner act from a charter protect
ing the basic rights of workers in
to an instrument for union-busting
by anti-labor employers"
Quoting from the book by Rep.
Fred Hartley (R., N. J.) called
"Our New National Labor Policy:
The Taft-Hartley Act and the Next
Steps," Truman said that the 1947
labor statute is only portion of
the COPS scheme for eliminating
the benefits conferred upon work
ers by the New Deal.
For myself and the Democratic
party | completely reject the idea
that we should eliminate the New
Deal. Instead we should build upon
it an always better way of life"
the President said.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21

that the government be reimbursed
"for all costs of this litigation"
Judge Swygert ruled against the
NLRB's argument that the employ
ment of union foremen is part of
the unions scheme to extend pre-
ferential hiring to union members.
"While it may be that union fore
men," the court said, "have strong
prejudices against non-union print
ers, it cannot be assumed that such
preiudices would result invariably
in discriminatory practices. Furth-
ermore, the fact should not be over
looked that the foreman is selected
by the employer, and is the latter's
subordinate"
Judge Swygert held as unwar-
ranted the governments argument
that clauses covering competency of
non-union job applicants and APP
prentices in a contract between
New York publishers and ITU
Local 6, which are determined by
a third party, namely, disinterest-
ed examiners designated by the
New York City Board of Education,
who must follow procedures estab-
lished by the School of Printers
Apprentices of New York, We're
legal on their face, but ain fact
discriminatory if given the inter
probation given it by Respondent
Randolph in his testimony.
In effect, the court held the terms
of the New York agreement to be
legal on it's face "since it has not
been shown by clear and convincing
evidence that the New York City
publishers contract is in violation
Of any terms of the decree"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
RAYMOND CLENDENNING

Raymond Clendenning, 1916 Rub
icon street, died suddenly Oct. 16
in City Hospital as the result of a
heart attack. He was Sc.
Mr.. Clendenning was born in
Sharon, Pa, and resided in East
Liverpool for 81 years. He was en-
ployed by the Homer Laughlin
China Co. and a member of Local
Union 20, National Brotherhood of
Operative Potters.
He leaves his widow, Mrs. Eliza
beth Lewis Clendenning; a son,
Raymond l.. Clendenning of East
Liverpool; two daughters, Mrs.
Charles Bosco and Mrs. Fred Yonz
of East Liverpool; his mother, Mrs.
Sara Clendenning; four brothers,
George Clendenning and Arthur
Clendenning of East Liverpool, and
Harry Clendenning of Augusta,
Ga; sister, Mrs. Alfred Burbick
of East Liverpool, and six grand
children.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
Top Leaders Of
Labor Invited To
Defense Farley

Washington, ID. C. (ILNS).-
Top leaders of organized labor, in
dustry, education, the press, church
and professions have been invited
to the first Of a series of Today
closed-door conferences on national
defense Nov. 8 to 18.
James Forrestal, Secretary of
Defense, announced the confer
ences. He said the working press
will be excluded from all sessions.
He frequently called similar con-
ferences when he was Secretary Of
the Navy during the war.
The purpose of the conferences
defense officials said, was to fam
iliarize leading Americans with
"the progress and attainments Of
the National Military Establish
ment." Other groups will be called
for similar talks later. The post
election date was chosen so that
there would be no political import
involved.
Top commanders of the Army,
Navy, Air Force and Marines are
expected to address the first con-
ference. Leaders of other depart
ments identified closely with ma
tional security planning will be
called into the discussions.
international tension has i'm
pressed on military leaders the
need for closer cooperation among
American business, industry and
other institutions on national de-
fense matters, it was said.
To See Field Demonstrations
The National Munitions Board
under 1t. Gen. Leroy Lutes is dir
Getting plans for the new discuss
ions. After they are over the lead
ers will be invited to attend field
demonstrations ut Pensacola Naval
Air Base, Fla; Eglin Air Force
Base, Fla, and Fort Benning, Ga.
Defense officials declined to dis
close the list of those invited to the
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
Coal Miners Set
Nov. End HoIiduv

Cincinnati, Ohio (ILNS). - The
100000 members of the United
Mine Workers of America will take
the day off on Election Day, Nov 2,
so they can cast ballots against
Congressional candidates who voted
for the Hartley Act. UNIV
President John l.. Lewis issued in
structions for the holiday from the
rostrum of the miners doth con-
vention.
Lewis directed district presidents
to notify coal operators that "pro
duction of coal will cease" on Nov.
2. Union leaders expect that the
mine holiday will bring out a big
vote in the mining communities of
strategically important Ohio, HI
inois, Indiana, Oklahoma, Missouri,
West Virginia, Kentucky and Penn
sylvania. The holiday order was
greeted with enthusiasm by the de-
legates.
Following vigorous debate, the
convention approved Lewis recon-
mendation for raising the monthly
dues from So to $4 and the initia-
tion fee from $40 to $50. The con-
vention also raised Lewis salary
from $25,00 to $4,000. Salaries of
Vice President Thomas Kennedy
and Secret y-Treasurer John
Owens were raised from $4,000 to
$4,000 year. and executive board
from $500 to $1,000 a
Along with raising Lewis salary,
the convention changed the union
to provide that officers
elected next December shall serve
4 years until 1862. Since Lewis is
the only nominee, the action assur-
ed him full term despite the fact
that he passes the 70-year retire
ment age Feb. IL, 1850.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21

secondary boycott against the coun-
Gil.
In the action just taken, Den
hams office filed against the court
decision to the 10th United States
Circuit Court of Appeals, and ask
ed the NLRB to reverse Myers
dismissal, thus to reinstate charges
against the building council.
At the root of the case is the
question Of how far the Taft-Hart-
ley Act goes in applying to disputes
having minimum affect on inter
state commerce. The Grammar firm
sold 100000 worth Of soda-foun-
tain fixtures outside Colorado in
1947, and purchased 100000 worth
of materials from outside the state.
However, there was no contention
that Quigley was engaged in inter-
state commerce.
Some disagreement, too, has de-
veloped between Denham and the
NLRB itself as to how far the Taft
Hartley Act should be applied. The
board has indicated that it desired
only to handle cases with quite
strong effect on interstate COM
merce to prevent being swamped
by|small cases to Washington. But
Denham is apparently glutton for
punishment and has disagreed with
this position.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1948-10-21
Appeal Court Ruling In Move For Wider
Jurisdiction Over Building Industry

Washington, D. C. (ILNS).-
The National Labor r t o n S
Board has moved to nail down Jur-
isdiction over the building industry.
Success in the move might bring a
flood of small cases to the board
and thereby let it in for plenty OF
trouble.
In a case involving the Denver
AFL Building and Construction
Trades Council. attorneys for the
board announced legal action aimed
at applying the Taft-Hartley Act
to the entire building industry,
local as well as interstate.
Federal District Judge j. Foster
Symes, at Denver, had refused to
grant an injunction to the NLRBs
general counsel, Robert N. Den
ham, against a strike by AFL un-
ionized pipeftters at soda-foun-
tain installation job in suburb of
Denver.
Denham's office said that the
strike was called by the trades
council to force the soda-fountain's
owner, H. T. Quigley, to cease do
ing business with the manufacturer
of the fountain equipment, the
Grammar Co. The Grammar firm is
nonunion.
Judge Symes ruled that the dis
pute did not affect interstate COM
merce, as Denham contended. Be
cause of the court ruling a trial ex-
aminer for the NLRB, Howard
Myers, dismissed the charges of