davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
.GreeceRenloves
Chief Of Army
Fighting Rebels
Ventiris IsReIieved
In Adoption of New
Plan of Command
BY the Assoeioted Press

ATHENS, Jan. Silt. Gen.
Constantine Ventiris was relieved
today as commander in chief of
the Greek armed forces battling
guerrillas in Northern Greece.
The National Defense Council
adopted a new command plan for
waging war against guerrilla troops,
who are striving to set up a sep
arate Communist state in the north
Gen. Ventiris, former chief of
staff, was given 40 days leave.
Maj. Gen. Stylianos Kitrilakis
was appointed deputy chief of staff
to 1t. Gen. Demetrios Yadzis and
was ordered to work out new COM
mand plans
Ventiris Had Autonomy.
ALI military units will come di-
rectly under the general staff. Pre-
viously field commanders like Gen.
Ventiris had certain autonomy.
Two new commands were created
by the Council. Maj. Gen. Constan-
tine Mandas heads the Peloponnesus
command, with Maj. Gen. Using
ounis chief in Thrace and Eastern
Macedonia.
The decisions were taken at a
three-hour meeting of the Council,
which was attended by Maj. Gen.
William G. Livesay and British Gen.
S. B. Rawlins. Gen. Livesay is head
of the military portion of the Amer
lean aid program.
All questions regarding the prose-
cution of warfare against the guer-
rillas were not settled at the meet
ing.
Gen. Ventiris had offered his
resignation as commander two
months ago but it was not accepted.
He had expressed dissatisfaction
privately with continued criticism
of his command, chiefly by the
Liberal Party press.
Sophoulis Changed Mind.
Premier Themistokles Sophoulis
had strongly opposed Gen. Vent1rls'
resignation at the time, but later
changed his mind. The premier
wanted Gen. Ventiris removed and
some senior officers favorable to the
Liberal Party given commands.
This met with opposition from
both the British and Americans, who
said politics had no place in the
Greek Army.
Vice Premier Constantin Tsaldaris
was said to have been willing to ac-
cept Gen. Ventiris' resignation. This
was change in position, for he had
previously clashed with Mr.. So
phoulis over new distribution of
military commands. 1t was believed
Mr.. Tsaldaris had differences with
Gen. Ventiris over the methods used
to halt the guerrillas in their recent
attempt to seize Konitsa near the
Albanian border.
Mr.. Tsaldaris disclosed January
IL that friction had developed be-
tween the American mission to aid
Greece and War Minister George
Stratos over matters of military pro-
cedure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Two Major Changes
Proposed in Program
For Foreign Aid
10 Republican Senator'S
Favor Tighter Controls;
Barter Idea Advanced
By the Associated Press

Two new proposals for major
changes in the European Recov-
cry Program were tossed into the
congressional foreign aid debate
today.
One would switch the whole en-
phasis of the program, to give the
United States administrator - and
Congress-greater control over how
the money is used.
The other is intended to ease the
strain on this country's food supply
by letting Latin America ship food
to Europe in exchange for United
States machinery.
Eighteen Republican Senators
agreed at a meeting late last night
that the program should be used to
FINANCE projects, not deficits"
They said they favored change
which would compel the Is Marshall
Plan nations to submit specific re-
covery projects to the United States
administrator, who could either &C
cept or reject them.
Senator Ball, Republican, of Min
nesota, spokesman for the group,
said the administrator would be
directed to hold back aid that might
be used for naturalization or social
ization of industry-or for "expen-
sive" social security systems which
would "deaden incentive"
As the Marshall Plan stands now
the Minnesotan said, the United
States would merely "underwrite
European trade deficits" CA trade
deficit exists when nation loses
money by importing more than it
exports)
The present plan, he added, would
give the European countries almost
complete control over how the money
is used.
The program developed by the 1s
Republicans would give that power
to the administrator, who would be
responsible to Congress, rather than
the State Department.
The plan to make European aid
easier on the United States by set
ting up a barter system with Latin
America was suggested yesterday by
C. A. Barrett of Pittsburgh.
Mr.. Barrett. an industrial engi-
neer and an American Legion di-
rector, told the, Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee that under his
proposal:
1--WE keep our dollars at home, VIZ
provide jobs at home, and we gel
the food we need to send to Europe
without straining our own economy.
Members of the committee listened
with frank approval.
When Mr.. Barrett had finished
testifying, Chairman Vandenbere
and Senators Connally, Democrat
of Texas; Hickenlooper, Republican
of Iowa; George, Democrat, of Geor'
gia, and Capper, Republican, o.
Kansas, all praised his suggestion.
Latin American diplomats indi'
I5~nrT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Raw Winds Bring Low
OF 6 Degrees 10 City;
SnowDue Late Tonight
Suburbs Report Subzero
Temperatures; Drop in
Crime Credited to Cold

Snow late tonight will follow
in the wake of raw, biting winds
which dropped the mercury early
today to 6 degrees in the city
and brought subzero tempera-
lures in the suburbs, the Wealth
er Bureau predicted.
The six-degree mark was regis
cred at 7:30 am. and was just one
degree above the seasonal low OF
five degrees set last Monday.
Calls from outlying areas reported
temperatures of five below at Water
ford, near Leesburg. Va, and five
below at Brookside Manor, Md,
while Riverdale and Rock Greek
Forest, both in Maryland, had four
below marks. One-below tempera-
lures were registered at Bethesda,
Huntington Terrace, Md, and West
Falls Church, Va, and it was zero
early today at Annandale. Va.
Few Crimes Reported.
The low temperatures were cred
tied by the Police Department for
the unusually low number OF crimes
reported during the night. Only
two minor holdups, one purse
snatching and one yoking appeared
on the morning robbery report.
'It was even too cold for the I'M
derworld," police declared.
The temperature today will hit a
high of only about % degrees, the
Weather Bureau said, with strong
northerly winds offsetting sunshine
during the early part of the day.
Skies will become increasingly
cloudy late today and tonight, with
snow due by early morning.
Today's degrees is not close to a
record low for January 81, but is in
sharp contrast to temperatures a
year ago. On January 81, 1947, the
bureau said, the mercury reached a
low of 40 degrees and rose to 10 de-
grees in the afternoon.
Cold Air Still Coming.
The forecaster declined to esti-
mate the extent of the expected
snow, but added there is no end in
sight for the current cold wave. A
high of about % degrees is expected
tonight, with the temperature drop
ping to about II degrees tomorrow
Sunday will remain cloudy and cold
The extreme cold air has moved
to Washington from the Hudson Bay
region in Canada and is still coming
forecasters said, gripping the entire
eastern seaboard with severely low
temperatures.
The mercury was near the zero
mark in New York City today, the
coolest of the winter season. Hun
dreds of families there suffered from
the fresh mass of cold air because
of insufficient fuel for heating
homes. Freezing rain fell on South
ern States and temperatures in the
Northeast lowered at spots at Is
degrees below zero. Phillipsburg
Pa, registered "a degrees below.
Bay Ferries Halted.
Maryland is a State divided today
due to ice clogging Chesapeake Bay
Floes are so severe, officials re-
ported, that ferry service between
Sandy Point and Matapeake was
suspended last night-cutting of
TRANSFORMATION between the Eastern
and Western Shores.
Resumption of the service-only
bay connection between the two re-
gions-will depend on a survey OF
conditions later today. Officials
1See WEATHER Page A-2l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
30 Planes Search Sea
For Missing AirIiner

HAMILTON, Bermuda, Jan. 81 up
Some 80 planes combed the stormy
Atlantic around Bermuda today in
a widening search for British air.
liner missing with 20 persons aboard
including a British, World War II
leader.
Rescue planes already have
secured over $1,000 square miles in
quest of the four engined Star Tiger
of the British South American Air
ways. Veteran flyers called the
search mission the greatest ever
conduced from Bermuda.
The plane last was heard from
at l am. yesterday when it was
$40 miles northeast of Bermuda. 1t
had been due at Kindley Field at
1890 pm. the night before, but ra-
(See CRASH. Page A-2)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Stations Can't Censor
EyenLibeIousP Political
Broadcasfs, FEC Rules
Studio Owners Not Liable
In Suits Against Speakers,
Agency Holds After Study
By the Associated Press

The Federal Communications
Commission ruled yesterday that
a radio station may not censor
the content of political broad
casts, even when the material
may appear to be libelous.
The commission further expressed
the view that station operator may
not be held financially responsible
for such libelous matter going on
the air. 1t said Congress intended
to forbid the operator from invoking
censorship.
1.-THE actual speaker is, of course,
completely liable for the contents
of his remarks" the commission
noted.
The case at issue involved a re-
newal of license for radio station
WILLS at Port Huron, Mich. The
commission announced it proposed
to renew the WILLS license after 1t
had studied for two and half years
an instance in which the station
refused all political broadcasts.
The case dates back to an April,
1945, city election.
A candidate for city commissioner
obtained free time on WILLS to dis
cuss a proposed bond issue. After
the broadcast, the station an
nounced it would give equal time
free, as provided by the law, to any
responsible party desiring to pre-
sent contrary views.
Censorship Question Raised.
However, some persons opposed to
the candidate who spoke, Carl E
Muir, entered private objections tc
some of his statements. The sta
ton management, after looking over
proposed scripts for future broad
cast, decided to refuse any addi-
tional free or paid time during the
campaign.
The commission came into the
case to decide whether censorship
was involved. In today's decision
the commission said the station had
acted as a censor, but there was no
evidence of deliberate or willful
attempt to violate" the communica-
tons statute.
Prohibition Seen Absolute.
The commission said, 1--WE are of
the opinion that the prohibition
against any censorship by licenses
of political speeches by candidates
for Office is absolute, and no excep-
ton exists in the case of material
which is either libelous or might
tend to involve the station in an
action for damages" However, FEC
added:
"The prohibition against censor
ship in connection with political
broadcasts appears clearly to con-
stitute an occupation of the field
by Federal authority, which under
the law would relieve the licensee
of responsibility for any libelous
matter broadcast in the course OF a
speech coming under section 315 (oi
the Communications Act, relating to
political broadcasts), irrespective OF
the provisions of State law"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Meotcutters Protest
Idea of Rotioninq

CHICAGO, Jan. 81 fitzpatrick
Z. German, secretary of the AFL
Amalgamated Meatcutters' Union,
today declared "the entire meat in
dustry will develop into a racket"
if rationing and price controls are
imposed on it.
In telegram to William Green,
AFL president, Mr.. German pro-
tested the action of the Fedora
tons Executive Council in ordering
Boris Shiskin, AFL economist, to
appear before a Senate Banking
subcommittee considering rationing
and price control measures for meat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Sandy Point Ferry, Aground
All Niqht, Floats With Tide
BY the Associated Press

SANDY POINT, Md, Jan. 31.-A
State ferry boat with 129 passengers
aboard ran aground last night in
Chesapeake Bay when a steering
cable broke in the ice-choked waters.
The boat, the Gov. Herbert r.
O'Conor, was held fast for more
than 10 hours in near-zero tempera-
ture. It f1oated free with the high
tide about am. today and moved
under its own power to the Sandy
Point ferry slip.
When the boat docked, passengers
complained only of missing appoint
ments and said, for the most part,
that they had been comfortable
throughout the night.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
u. S. and ItoIy to Sign
Pact Monday in Rome
BY the Associated Press

ROME, Jan. 31.-Italy and the
United States will sign a treaty OF
friendship, commerce and naViga-
ton here Monday. 1t will be the
first such treaty to be concluded by
the United States with World War
II enemy nation.
Foreign Minister Carlo Sforza will
sign for Italy and Ambassador
James c. Dunn for the United
States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
6. 0. P. Leaders See
Senate Scaling Down
Tax-Reduction Bill
Expect House Passage
Monday, With Later Cut
Settled in Conference
By J. A. O'LeoY

Republican leaders, confident
of passing their own $500, 0oO,-
900 tax cut bill in the House
Monday, expect it to be scaled
down later in the Senate.
This means that, while Democrats
and Republicans in the House will
fight for different rates, the final
degree of tax reduction will be de-
termined in House Senate confer
ence committee month or two
from now.
With the House in Saturday re-
cess, Democratic floor managers
were trying to get as many Of their
members as possible lined up in sup
port of substitute that would en-
body at least part of President Tru-
mans tax program.
Knutson Is Confident.
With 245 Republicans in the
House, no one expects the Demo-
cratic substitute to pass. Democrats
who feel the Republican bill cuts
taxes too deeply want a chance to
90 on record first for something
more moderate before answering
mo" on final passage.
Chairman Knutson of the Ways
and Means Committee said today
enough Democrats will support the
Republican bill to pass it 2 to l.
That would be enough to override a
Truman veto. 1t is not likely, how
ever that all of the Democrats who
would vote for original passage
would 60 so far as to override the
President. Some may vote for it
Monday because of the strong indi-
cations it will be a more moderate
bill before it gets through both
houses.
Provisions of Bill.
The main features of the Knutson
bill are: 1, raise the personal exemp-
ton of each taxpayer and dependent
from $500 to 5000; 2, allow married
couples to split their income,
privilege now limited to II COM
munity property States; 8, cut the
individual income tax rates on a
graduated scale, from 80 per cent
in the lowest brackets to 10 per cent
at the top. The Republican bill also
contains added tax concessions for
the blind and persons over IS.
The substitute the Democrats
hope to offer abandons Mr.. Tru-
mans $40 credit for each taxpayer
but contains his proposed revival OF
the wartime excess profits tax on
corporations, in limited form. The
motion Democratic leaders are dis
cussing would:
Make the individuals personal
exemption $7O0, thereby going
further than the Republicans to
help small-wage earners; retain the
split provision for all mar
ried couples and impose the Truman
excess profits tax. Rough estimates
indicate this would hold the net
Treasury loss to about 81 zoe, o0o, 900
A key man in the House tax
fight is Representative Doughton OF
North Carolina, top-ranking DEM
ocrat on the Ways and Means Com
mittee, who has a plan of his own
He would support the knutson Dill
if the percentage rate reductions
were cut in half. He is opposed
however, to reviving the corporation
excess profits tax without further
hearings and is reported to have
objected to it in a gathering OF
Democratic leaders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Barbara Hutton Suffers
Relapse, Doctors Report
BY the Assoeioted Preas

BERN, Switzerland, Jan. 81
Doctors reported today that Princess
Troubetzkoy, the former Barbara
Hutton, suffered a relapse last night.
They added that despite some i'm
provement this morning, her condi-
ton was critical.
The physicians said a sharp rise
In the Woolworth heiress' tempera-
ture last night indicated that her
recent intestinal operation had not
been entirely successful. They add
ed that another operation was being
considered.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Admiral Duncan Named
I'd Task Fleet Head

Vice Admiral Donald B. Duncan
has been named commander of the
I'd Task Fleet in the Atlantic, the
Navy announced yesterday.
Admiral. Duncan formerly was
deputy chief of naval operations
for air. He replaces Vice Admiral
Arthur w. Radford who earlier this
month was assigned as vice chief of
naval operations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Polish Parliament Votes
Compulsory Training

WARSAW, Jan. 3l.-Parliament
yesterday approved compulsory mill
tary training for all youths 16 to 81.
Men up to 30 who have not had
previous military service also are
affected.
Parliament also voted Nation
wide mobilization of youths in labor
battalions to speed up reconstruc-
ton work
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
House Members Named
To Naval Academy Board
BY the Associated Press

House members on the Board OF
Visitors of the Naval Academy were
announced yesterday.
Speaker Martin named Repre-
sentatives Scott, Republican, OF
Pennsylvania; Bradley, Republican,
of California: st. George, Repub-
lcan, of New York; johnson, DEM
ocrat, of Texas, and Sasscer, DEM
ocrat, Of Maryland. Representative
Andrews, Republican, of New York,
chairman of the House Armed Serv-
ices Committee, is an ex-ofhcio
member,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

First to send messages of con-
dolence were Gen. Joseph, T. Nc
Narney, commanding general of the
Air Materiel Command at nearby
Wright Field, and Col. E. A. Deeds,
chairman of the board of National
Cash Register Co. and the aviator's
close friend.
Orville Wright was born in Day.
CONTINUED on Page AS, Col. %
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31
Grounded Ship Reflected

ANTWERP, Belgium, Jan. 81 up.
The United States steamship
Washington Irving, which ran
aground yesterday in the Scheldt
River. was relocated early today
by two tugs. The 7,176-ton vessel
was en- route to the United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

(See FUEL OIL, Page A-2D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

See CRASH. Page AL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

(See GANDHI, Page A-3D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

Increasing cloudiness with highest about "a
today Cloudy and continued cold with light
snow late tonight or tomorrow. Lowest to-
night around r. (Full report on Page A-2o
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

(See WEATHER, Page A-2D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

(See COAL, Page A-2.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-01-31

(See FOREIGN AID, Page A.
Evening star., 1948-09-29

of the actors all mean something
to the knowing playgoers. II an
actor brings his hands close to-
gether 1t means that he has shut
a door. When he holds his fan to
his face it means that he is walking
in the sunshine. II he exits from
the stage singing, it signifies that
he is going on q Journey. He sig
mites his arrival at his destination
by returning through another door.
The actors, in most Of the plays.
wear hideous masks. or are made
up in the most grotesque fashion.
The audience knows by the color Of
the paint used what type of char
acter is represented. Out and out
thugs have stripes across their faces,
while white lines down the face in
dicate treachery. A bright red face
means an honest face. Varicolored
paint tells the audience 1t is looking
at q tough fighter.
The voices of the actors range
from high, sing song falsetto to
a bass as deep as a well. When half
a dozen Of them are going full tilt.
and the orchestra is hitting 1t up
with every instrument at its COM
mand, you have a sight and sound.
brother, that makes you wish they
served something stronger than tea.
I'll know it really Is one world
when Americans fully understand
and appreciate the Chinese theater.
tDstributsd by McNaught syndicate. Ine.l
Evening star., 1948-09-29
New Dealer Dewey
Northwest Applauds Promises
On Power, Reclamation Projects

management OF these enterprises.
But his support of them is in
elusive, glowing and IN all outward
aspects sincere. Comparison Of his
current output with the speeches he
made in this area in "A, when his
was the outside chance and Mr..
Roosevelt ran next to the rail,
shows that he has not retreated
from any of the me, too stands
he took then. If repetition, now,
when his victory seems secure, is
any test, his championship can be
relied upon.
Westward OrientatiOn.
Thus Dewey administration,
with Gov. Earl Warren of California
as its Vice President. appears
headed toward a greater orientation
westward than any previous Re-
publican administration in history.
It's potential conflicts with Congress
arise from the fact that Fasteners
and some Midwesterners whose
States or districts are not so volatile
in their political allegiance as the
West have acquired the principal
posts and chairmanships in Senate
and House through the operations
of the inexorable rule of seniority.
Speaker Martin is from Massa-
chusetts, House Appropriations
Chairman John Taber from upstate
New York, Senate Appropria tions
Chairman Styles Bridges from New
Hampshire. All are economizers, all
take an extremely conservative posi-
ton on power and its related activ-
tiles. The Western appropriations
are always wrung from them with
grief and toll.
Gov. Dewey hopes and expects
that he can remedy the situation in
part through the appointment of
Secretary of the Interior who Is
both Westerner and a staunch Re-
publican. able to wage the fight
within the party with appropriate
skill and prestige. II he can do 1t,
1t will be one of the real triumphs
of his managerial revolution.
Evening star., 1948-09-29

from a previous Dorothy THOMPSON
situation. He took his advisers,
however, from hard-headed. real
istic and unf1inchingly patriotic
men, who have shown themselves
as prepared to accept the present
challenge, while earnestly pressing
for peace. as any one in Gov.
Dewey's encourage.
The fact that there is change
In policy to meet changed external
facts must affect Government per-
sonnel. For the intelligent political
mind it is therefore essential to
ask not only whether an employe
ever has been a Soviet sympathizer,
but when.
After the sixth congress OF the
International Communist Party, in
1885, which modified international
revolution in favor of united front
against Fascist aggression, and was
followed by the PRONUNCIATION of the
Soviet constitution-on paper, very
liberal-world sympathy went to-
ward the Soviets. Early in 1886
most liberals were fellow traveller"
in hoping for solidarity against Hit
ler and believing in the forthcom-
ing characterization of the Soviet
government.
Detection Within Party.
But in 1887 the Soviet purges
alienated sympathizers and even
caused the detection of Communist
Party members. 1t was then that
Whitaker Chambers left the party
Our Government, however, was
adopting a neutral attitude be-
tween communism and fascism at
this time. Against great popular
pressure, 1t did not, for instance,
intervene in the civil war in Spain.
Though Mr.. Chambers claims he
broke with Alger Hiss in 1887, he
never went to the Government with
his warnings about Communist
personnel until 1899. Why that
year? In 1889 Stain made his pact
with Hitler and Russian stock was
at an all-time low. Thousands left
the Communist parties. The Roose-
welt administration denounced the
pact and, when Stain marched in
coalition with Hitler against Fin