davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-07-20

conference that the $500, 1000, 900 cut
is chiefly in foodstuffs. This was
made because Of the improved
European crop reports and in the
belief that it would not affect the
current food ration in those nations.
To See Hartman.
Mr.. Hoffman said his trip to Paris,
due to begin tomorrow, will include
discussions of ECA's progress so far,
how to extend propaganda cam
paign abroad to sell ECA to Euro
pean labor and conferences with
ECA's rowing ambassador, w. Aver
ell Hartman, and other staff mem
bers in Europe, as well as with rep
resentatives of the Organization for
European Economic Cooperation,
composed of Marshall Plan nations.
MIR. Hoffman also commented yes
terday on reports of ECA goods
eventually going to nations behind
the iron curtain.
He said there is every reason why
we should encourage East-West
trade" but that it should be con-
sidered both as to "the character
and the quantity" Of the trade. He
said, for example, he would not OBJ
ject to 20 locomotives going to Po-
land, but he would If the number
were several hundred. He said the
quantity involved has much to do
with the question of whether or not
a "war potential is involved.
The ECA boss said he personally
would not be against shipments of
strip mining machinery to Eastern
European nations such as Poland
One recent report was that more
Evening star., 1948-07-20
More
Authorized by ECA for
Marshall Plan Nations

The Marshall Plan nations will
have $1,118, 300, 900 in ECA funds tc
spend for recovery during July
August and September, including
S101 100000, also in American dol
lars, to help increase intra- European
trade.
The funds were made available
yesterday by the Economic Coop
Grafton chief, Paul G. Hoffman. In
addition, some 60o,O0O,0O0 is still
available from the April-June quar-
ter, because ECA got under way
slowly and did not have time to
authorize all the funds budgeted fol
that quarter.
OF the total just approved for the
third calendar quarter of 1948, about
20 per cent is scheduled to be in the
form of loans. However, the money
merely is budgeted by ECA as loans
and only a small amount of the totaI
has even been applied for by the
European nations.
Several Not Included.
Ten nations and the French anC
bizone areas Of Germany are in.
cluded in the new tentative allot.
ments. Not included are Sweden
Switzerland an6. Portugal, which
have not asked for aid, nor Belgium.
Luxemourg which has not yet for
mally ratified the bilateral aie
agreement with this country. Aie
for Trieste and Turkey Is awaiting
more detailed figures on needs.
The $1,118,8O0,000 allotted repre-
sents the amount approved of the
81, ,700, 100000 total requested by the
various nations. ECA had bugeteo
this quarter at $1,200,000,O0O, and
hence $50O,0O0,000 had to be cut
The carry-over from the previous
quarter, however, means that, in
practice, the Marshall Plan nations
can receive all they asked for, If ii
is physically possible to handle the
shipments.
Mr.. Hoffman explained at a press
Evening star., 1948-07-20

?, of such machinery has been re-
quested by Britain than she could
use, with the implication that the
surplus would find its way to Russia.
Mr.. Hoffman said he knows of no
such case of all the reports checked
so far.
Costs More Than Local Services.
Meanwhile, Mr.. Hoffman, in a
broadcast to Europe, said the foreign
aid program is costing Americans
this year more than this Nations
total outlay for schols. police and fire
protection and other local services.
He made the statement in a re-
cording to be beamed abroad by the
World Wide Broadcasting Founda-
tion, a part of the program of in
forming Europe Of the sacrifices
made by this Nation to carry out the
European Recovery Program.
"No Communist claim has been
Evening star., 1948-07-20

more ridiculous" he said, than the
charge that we are dumping sur
pluses on Europe"
His estimate of the cost Of the
ECA program, 5000, 900, 900, was the
basis Of the comparison with the
cost Of local services. The total
figure represents the $5,055, ,000, 900
voted by Congress plus other dollar
investments abroad.
Evening star., 1948-07-20
ADVERTISEMENT.
Skin TROUBLES

Are you toTmented with Itching OF eczema,
psoriasis, rashes, athletes foot. rough
hands or face infections. rectal itching or
quick relief and good results. use VICTORY
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nome. White, greaseless antiseptic, con-
tains lanolin, safe for children. A name
you cannot forget. VICTORY OINTMENT,
the finest, lars and tubes. Sold by leading
drug stores everywhere.
Evening star., 1948-07-29
A Premature Call

In view OF all the tub humping which
has accompanied the Presidents call for
special session of Congress to deal with
high prices, one would think that, at the
least, some member of his administration
other than Paul Porter, whose real job is
that Of private lawyer, would have been
ready to lay specific proposals before
the legislators. But the administration
Is far from ready.
When Mr.. Truman announced the Spe-
cial session call in his political speech to
the Democratic convention he said there
was no reason why Congress could not
act on his recommendations in two weeks
It appears now, however, that at least a
week must pass before any administration
spokesman will be ready to testify on such
important matters as the Presidents
request for restoration of the excess profits
tax and consumer credit controls, regula-
ton of inf1ationary bank credit, and con-
troll of speculation on the commodity
exchanges.
This state of affairs came to light yes
terday when Chairman Tobey of the Sen
ate Banking Committee, who is far more
In sympathy with the Presidents requests
than are most Republicans, tried to line
up some witnesses to appear before his
committee.
A call to Thomas B. McCabe, chairman
of the Federal Reserve Systems Board OF.
Governors, is said to have elected the
response that he couldn't possibly testify
before next week And Secretary OF the
Treasury Snyder who might be expected
to lead the procession of administration
witnesses on the tax and credit aspects
of the Presidents program, is reported to
have said that he would not be prepared
to testify until after Mr.. McCabe makes
his appearance.
The effect of all this is to lend some
what farcical touch to the special session
call and to discredit the note of urgency
which Mr.. Truman has sought to inject
into his demand for immediate action by
the Congress- The President may be sure
that the Republicans, who are looking for
any opportunity to turn the tables on him;
will make the most of this procrastination
on the part of his aides.
Evening star., 1948-07-29

States and were engaged in forcibly converting
the people to Shintoism Internal resistance
to their brutal methods develops and weakens
their hold on the country At the same time
Soviet Russia and Mexico invade the West
and begin to whittle away large sections Of
territory. The Mikado thereupon appoints
a court favorite as governor of the Western
States and hopes that the invaders will be
repelled. After some time, the governor of
the West decides he can get better deal
from the Kremlin and sells out to them on
condition that he is made hereditary COM
missar Of "Neutorado',-the territory formerly
known as Nevada, Utah and Colorado. After
several decades, the American people finally
free themselves of Soviet rule and re-establish
their independence and their Nation. But
the Japanese commissar Of Neutorado, sup
ported by q small group Of American quislings
decides he wants to keep on ruling and refuses
to have any dealings with the central power
at Washington. He proceeds to purchase
bombers from Belgium and starts q gun-run-
ming networks the Nizam of Hyderabad
is doing today!
1t is not difdcult to imagine what would
happen to the Neutorado state. 1t would i'm
mediately be invaded and wiped out and the
commissar electrocuted for treason. It Is re-
markable that the government of India has
shown as much self-restraint as 1t has.
o. j. DEKOM.
Editor Far Eastern News Letter
Evening star., 1948-07-29
Old Rood

Here once q road
Doton Which the loggers droue
Their patient teams.
Y0nder an elm
And there poplar grove,
Where sunlight CLEANS.
And checker berries dot the moss thdt
grOUs
Between the eDer- r-tridentng laurel rotos.
Here once road
That farm folk used to take
En- route to totDn;
Bordered by cress
And snssafras and brake,
Stony and brotrn,
winding around each holloU and each
As though In little haste to reach It's goal
Here once road;
Bemused, Uith heart agt0U,
I lonely fare:
A LipingSton,
A Stanley, can 90
Exploring, tDhere
The only feet remembered are long dead
And mid grapes tangle bonghs aboue my
head.
LALIA MITCHELL THoRNTon. :
Evening star., 1948-07-29
Atomic Policy for Now

In his statement accompanying eiAe
fourth semiannual report OF the united
States Atomic Energy Commission, Presl-
dent Truman has reaf1rmed and re-
emphasized what has been fixed American
policy ever since the Russians revealed the
uncompromising nature of their refuSal
to agree to genuine international control
Of the atom.
The policy is as simple as 1t is imperative.
It consists chiefly of holding on to the
strictest kind of secrecy for security pur-
poses and of sparing no effort to Keep tne
Nation supreme in the field of A-weapons.
At the same time, though priority Is thus
accorded the military aspects OF the atom,
the Acc, in close cooperation with uni
versities private industry, etc, is 10 90
everything possible to promote the develop
ment of nuclear fSSion for peacet1me uses
designed to promote the economic ana
physical we'll being of mankind
As far as the military phase is concerned,
both the President and the Acc have
made clear that our A-weapons have been
substantially improved" since the first
bomb erased HiroShima-a fact demon
strated by the recent tests at EnlWetoK
Atoll in the Pacific. The details OF those
tests continue to be a closely guarded
secret, but enough official information mas
been vouchsafed us to leave no room Tor
doubt that our power to wage atomic war
fare is deadlier than ever and that the
grim fullness of its potentialities is still
undergoing progressive development. Civil
ian control of our nuclear- -fSSion enterprise
Nyof nn
trary-and this underScoreS the wisdom
of the Presidents argument for retaining
such control-it probably has been an i'm
pcrtant Stimulant.
As for the peacetime uses of the atom,
the Aces report and the Presidents state
ment strongly indicate that real progress
Is being made in spite of the necessary
emphasis on military development. Atomic
energy to supplement power resources like
coal, oil and falling water is not likely to
be available in quantity for effective in
dustrial application for another twenty
wears or so, but its beneficial possibilities
in other fields probably will be realized
long before that. The work being con-
Quoted throughout the country with radio
isotopes is particularly significant. 1t
promises discoveries whose influences are
expected to be of incalculable value in
advancing public health, aiding industry
and increasing agricultural productivity
In our own land and other parts OF the
world
Nevertheless despite the great good i'm
plicit In the atom, the fact remains that
the outlook regarding this revolutionary
new force will continue bleak as long as
the Soviet Union-alone among the major
powers of the world-refuses to join In
setting up an effective system of vetoless
control Pending the establishment of
such a system, the United States has no
choice-from the standpoint of self-pres-
ervation-but to make itself so pre-eminent
in the field that no potential aggressor will
dare to strike for fear Of suffering instant
Evening star., 1948-07-29

The NEGOTIATIONS between the military
governors of the three western zones OF
occupied Germany and the local German
authorities are being conducted IN grow
ing atmosphere of unreality.
For several weeks the city of Frankfort
on-the Main has witnessed the unusual
spectacl, of the vanquished seeking to
decline ,Ssevade political concessions
offered by Ne victors. Those concessions
were emboo Id in the program adopted
bv the London Conference of the western
Powers last spring. Under it, the Ameri-
can. British and French zones were to be
unified in a regime which, while lacking
the basic attributes of sovereignty, were TO
have a common executive, legislature ana
judiciary, while the economic barriers be-
tween the zones were to be abolished. The
resultant would be an entity which, with
Western Allied backing and integratlon
into the Marshall Plan, could hope notably
to further the recovery of West Germany.
Nevertheless, the leaders of West Ger
MANY have hesitated to subscribe to the
London program, especially on its polltical
side. The reasons for this seeming paradox
are complex To begin with, the establish
ment of such a regime would tend to
emphasize the split between West Germany
and the eastern zone under Russian Cccu-
patton. This had, indeed. been stressed by
Moscow, which has consistently condemned
the entire London program as an illegal
violation of the Potsdam Four-PoWer
Agreement for the treatment of Germany.
And Moscow's attitude has aroused the
fears of German nationalists besides serv-
ing as talking point for Communist
propaganda The Siege of Berlin" was
represented by Moscow as the logical
result of the unilateral actions of the
Western Powers. Furthermore, the hesi-
tant German leaders knew that the
Western Powers were not firmly united
behind the London program. France had
adhered to it reluctantly under American
and British pressure. fearful that 1t would
result in degree of German unif1cation
which might menace future French
security.
German reluctance has been intensified
by two recent events. One is the fall of
the Schuman government of France that
had approved the London program, with
no certainty that the subsequent govern
ment would follow its predecessors Ger
man policy. Even more important has
been the change of diplomatic attitude by
America and Britain toward Moscow. look
ing toward the possibility of renewed
Four-Power conferences on the entire
Evening star., 1948-07-29

German problem. Logically. this puts In
question the integrity of the London pro-
gram. Indeed, everything that the Western
Powers have done in West Germany is
subject to revision in possible overall
settlement of Germany as whole. It!
certainly stamps with a provisional char
acter whatever arrangements may be con-
cluded between the Western military
governors and the German authorities in
the western zones. The German problem
thus acquires contingent fuidity not
visible since the close of the war, before
Potsdam
Evening star., 1948-07-29
by THE HAsKINs SERVICE


O. Did q legless man once swim $50 miles
in the Hudson River?-J.. K.
A. The handicap swim record Is held by
the legless Charlie Jimmy. who swan the
Hudson River from Albany to New York.
matter of lat miles In 1888. but without any
timing for his feat
O. In surnames like DAmbrosca, should the
ID" be pronounced as "dee"?-P d. A.
A. The proposition abbreviated In such
names as D'Andrea, D'Allesandro, and DAM
brosca Is never so pronounced that 1t sounds a.
II written dee" The very fact that the vowel
has been dropped before the first letter OF ths
proper noun indicates that 1t has no seperats
sound The first letter of the proposition blends
with the first letter Of the basic name. DAM
brosca is pronounced Dam-brhs'-kuh.
O. What was the lowest temperature ever
recorded in North America?-W. p. Z.
A. In l947 a reading of 1877 degrees +. below
zero was recorded at Snag small outpost on
the Alaska Yukon border. This was, according
to the Canadian Meteorological Service. the
lowest temperature reported In North America.
@. Who named Broadway In New York City
The Great White Way"?-P. r. Y.
A. The nickname Is derived from the title
of q play by A. B. Paine u90D and refers to
It's brilliant lighting
G. What became OF the hospital ship,
U. s. s. Mercy?-C. w. &
A. The Department of the Navy says the
o. g. s. Mercy, All 8, Is no longer in active
service. This ship was transferred to the War
Assets Administration and sold.
Evening star., 1948-07-29
A Horrible Situation

Justice Alexander Holtzoff of District
Court did not exaggerate when he called
the Public Utilities Commission Interstate
Commerce Commission battle over Penta
gon bus fares horrible contest of juris-
The unhappy victim of the struggle is the
Capital Transit Company. As Justice
Holtzoff aptly said, the company is being
ground between two millstones. 1t is
entitled to relief
Relief in the immediate situation can
come only through the courts. Justice
Holtzoff has directed continuance of the
present cut-rate fare arrangement between
Capital Transit and the Virginia buslines,
pending settlement of legal issues by court
suit. He cited 1945 Supreme Court ruling
that the ICC had authority to fix fares
for bus service to and from the Pentagon
and other war Offices in Arlington. 1t
should be noted, however. that at that
time Capital Transit buses ran to the
Pentagon and certain other war agencies
in Virginia. The question to be decided
by the courts now is whether the ICC still
has jurisdiction, in view of abandonment
Ny NoPAeoA IL AAolt VI AVo VA SAl1Ad OPSA
ationS.
The PUC-ICC dispute is not the only
example of horrible" conflict between
regulatory agencies in this vicinity, how
ever. Relief from these recurring squabbles
should be obtained somewhere other than
in the courts. Legislation, rather than
litigation, is the only hope of permanent
solution of the troubles peculiar to the
Metropolitan Area of Washington. There
Is twilight zone of Jurisdiction, covering
a fringe. OF overlapping utilities problems,
that belongs to neither Federal, State nor
District of Columbia commissions. This
zone calls for creation by compact of an
entirely new utilities agency empowered
to act in fringe cases that cut across State
lines, yet which are not properly the con-
Germ of the ICC or any other existing body.
1t is too much to hope for consideration
of this proposal at the special session of
Congress- But eventually something will
have to be done-by Congress and the
State legislatures rather than by the courts
If the present unsatisfactory conditions
are to be eliminated for good
Evening star., 1948-07-29

Danaer of Communism Stressed
To the Editor of The Star
Communism possesses a language which
every people can understand. Its elements
are hunger, envy and DEATH"
Today. the theology proclaimed by Marx
and Engels evokes discussion and discord;
and the disunity occasioned by communism
is cause for concern accenting the question
OF individual freedom versus the all-powerful
state.
The assertion is made that every Com
munist is potential enemy of the United
States" and 1t is known that Russia is exert
ing frenzied efforts to extol communism as
superior to other forms Of government.
william z. Foster, chairman of the Com
munist Party in the United States. when tes-
tifying before congressional committee was
asked, do you owe allegiance to the Ameri-
can f1ag?" Mr.. Foster stated very clearly,
that the Red flag is the flag Of the revolu-
tionary class, and all capitalist flags are nags
Of the capitalist class, and we owe no alle-
glance to them"
Communism should be fought in the open:
there is no place in this Nation for an theology
contrary to the spirit upon which 1t was
founded Ex-President Hoover in q recent
speech pointed out that as long as we follow
the precepts which in the past have contrib
uted to the Nations greatness, we will over
come all our current problems, stressing the
fact that in those nations where truth no
longer is guiding principle totalitarian
liberals" have provided "the ladder upon
which the Communist pirates have boarded
the ship of state"
1t is obvious from the writing of Stain
himself that Communists count on two events
to swing the world their way. The first is
depression in the United States. The second
is Third World War, not between the Soviet
Union and the United States primarily but
between two capitalist nations with Russia
going in on one side and then licking its ally
afterwards.
Be advised: The ultimate Communist aim
is Communist world empire.
Bluemont, Va. WALTER I. PRIEST.
Evening star., 1948-07-29
ItuIiun Labor Splits


The rift in the ranks of Italian organized
labor between the Communists and their
opponents has now reached an acute stage.
Formal schism was precipitated by the
Communists when the Red majority in the
Executive Committee of the General Con-
federation of Labor voted to expel all
Christian Democratic members.
This action was, however, tactical
move to- forestall a breakaway from the
confederation by the Catholic labor unions
which their leaders had scheduled for Sep
tember. 1t was taken most reluctantly,
the aim being to tag the dissident unions
as expellees rather than voluntary secederS.
This prestige victory will, however, be
minor and hollow one. Every one knows
the true facts of the case and under
stands that the crisis was precipitated by
the Communists themselves in using the
labor confederation for revolutionary po-
litical ends.
The crucial test came with the calling
the life of Palmiro Togliatti, chief OF
Italy's Communist Party. The confedera-
tion's constitution forbids the calling of
strikes for purely political reasons. Under
those conditions, the radical and conserva-
tive wings of the labor movement have
been able to work together for mutual
economic advantages. And the conserva-
tives have long had their own organization
within the confederation-the Catholic
Association of italian Workers, which is
strong in certain labor categories, especially
peasants, railroad men and white-collar
workers.
So long as the confederation was domi
mated by the Socialists, the letter and spirit
of the constitution were observed. But the
passing of power to the Communists had
its inevitable results On the political side
the Socialist Party had it's first split nearly
a year ago, when the Communist
minority broke away from the fellow
travelling majority. And it now looks as
though another breakaway is imminent,
this time with the radical wing throwing
in it's lot with the Communists while the
balance throws off Communist dictation
and presumably joins the original seceders
in a reorganized party devoted to orthodox
Socialist principles The breakaway of the
Catholic unions from the confederation
presumably heralds the same process of
revolt from Communist domination The
Catholic association as a separate body,
expects to have a membership of some
100000. And this split should normally
increase the restiveness of the nom
Communist elements still within the fed
Grafton over Communist exploitation for
partisan, revolutionary ends.
There is an interesting parallel in all
this with the similar secession of the nom
Communist workers from the French
General Confederation OF Labor which
occurred some months ago. This break
away was headed by the veteran Socialist
labor leader, Leon Jouhaux. Although a
majority of French workers still adhere
to the general confederation, the nom
Communist organization has proved a
staunch rival and Communist leadership
has had to walk more warily in the calling
of French strikes for political reasons. In
both countries, therefore, organized labor
is waking up to the Communist menace to
their own welfare and that of the nation.
Evening star., 1948-07-29

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
,priter, although It Is permissible for
Driter kno,pn to The Star to use
nom de plume Please be brief.
Evening star., 1948-07-29

and overwhelming retaliation. Given that,
then perhaps the Kremlin may be per-
suaded in time to act as If it were really
a member of the United Nations
Evening star., 1948-07-29

The State Departments collection of
modern art, ridiculed by congressman has
been auctioned at 40 per cent profit.
Who knows-a knock from Capitol Hill
may yet be as eagerly sought as a Boston
book ban.
Evening star., 1948-07-29

An expedition Is off to explore a sub
marine mountain range, which may prove
the long sought compromise for the va
cationing family unable to agree on salt
water or the hills
Evening star., 1948-07-29

Mrs w. asks a Chicago medical colum-
mist, rs the tendency to lie inherited"
Why? What has the golfers little boy
been saving?