davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-03-25
PANGBORN
DAY MEMS LEAGUE

The Cabinets hold one-game adj
vantage over the Reclaimers in the
Won and Lost column, and one
point advantage in the Total Points
column.
E. Downin had high single game
tl6D, with w. Hays taking the
three-game set (38D. The Hydro
blasts took both team honors with
a single game of 6O3 and three-game
set of 1854.
12O-330 Scores
c. Bradley, 1913, 1872; E. Downin,
161, 1862; E. Gooding 121; H. Zim-
norman, 1872, 342; w. Hays, lat, 381;
D. Dysert, 139; w. Secrist, 1876, 361;
D. Hays, 100, 121; L. Stouffer, 124,
336; P. Limburg, 100, $40; E. Mid
dlekauff, 127, 351; T. Evans, 125, 1856;
M. Reedy, $50, 944; W. Gladfelter,
1913; A. Parks, 1919, 331; Smith, 1856,
357; D. Barnhart, 122, 349; Motz, 131,
1873; N. Hoover, 1873, 351; Stun, 339;
Martin, 122.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-03-25

Bring your blanks to DELPHEY'S
DAILY LICENSE SERVICE and
we'll do the rest. Our fee (50c)
has remained the same since we
started the license business. 81 E.
Franklin St. Phone 5. Adv.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-03-25
Team Standing
1913 AUTO TAGS

Subscribe to this newspaper.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-03-25
ROTARY CLUB LEAGUE

The final Fifth of the season was
rolled Monday night and resulted in
a tie between the Cogs and the
Axles. This will mean that five OF
the leagues six teams will get into
the roll-off for the club champion
ship, which will be held next Mon
day night.
J. Stonebraker had the high
single game GID, and Ell Ellinger
had the high set DAD. The Axles
took both team honors with single
game of $40 and three-game set of
1475.
800 Or Better
Ellinger, 341; j. Stonebraker, $50;
Cave, 1876; Wagaman, 1923; c. Stone
braker, 312; Lightner, 80; Funk
houser, 3O1; frey, 300.
Doo-.n
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-03-25
League Standing
WOMEN'S MAJOR
LEAGUE

G. Paul Jones increased their lead
to four games on Saturday night,
when they won two games while
Valley Forge was losing two. Ayers
Bros. won two games to move up in
to second-place tie with Valley
Forge.
P. Givens, of Gibney's Florists, had
the high single game (144 and al
so the high three-game set 1853.
Both team honors went to Hershey
Creamery, with a single game of
588 and set of 1923.
100000 Scores
P. Givens, 144, 122-363; F. Grimes,
100, 118, 128-355; C. Nemzek 1922,
125, 107-354; Fiddler, 127, 127-343;
H. Edwards, 1913, 116-337; r. Selby,
1O1, 1882; M. Warrenfeltz, LOG,
lit, 1O2-325; C. Price, 1O6, 124-325;
v. Brown, 143-319; v. Price, ia,
1O8-319; v. Warner, 1903, 12O-312; l..
Bowers, 114-31O; V. Potter, 100, 109-
80; M. Spiker, $4,000; j. thinner
man, 115-307; R. Hause, los, 104-
1903; D. Kelley, 116; E. Snyder, 100;
P. Knepper, 1903; S. Manious, 1903; S.
Kelley, 1O6; E. Bentz, 105, 1O5; Right,
los; E. Shue, 1O4; E. Barnes, 104; M.
Athey, 1903; L. Lowman, 101; M.
Fiery, 101; M. Gelwicks, 100,
Tnnran Standing
Evening star., 1948-12-19
400 Million Increase
lin Rates Seen Needed
For New Rail Pay Rise

1t would take a $40o, 900 900 annual
increase in freight and passenger
rates to pay for a 40-hour week for
railroad workers, transportation ex-
perts calculated yesterday.
The shorter work week. if put into
effect, would apply only to non
operating workers such as clerks
maintenance men and similar cate
gories. The operating workers, such
as enginemen, work on a mileage
basis and ordinarily do not put in
as much as 40 hours a week.
An emergency investigating board
set up by President Truman has
recommended a cut in the present
48-hour work week for the non-op-
Grating personnel, coupled with a
seven cents an hour pay raise.
The recommendations are not
binding on the carriers, but such
proposals usually are followed In
railway labor relations.
Other Pay Boost Weighed.
A $1,000, 600, 900 rate boost already
is being considered by the Inter-
state Commerce Commission. This
was to cover a 10-cent hourly pay
increase for all railworkers. plus
other railroad cost increases for
fuel and materials.
About $4,000 operating railway
workers settled for the 10-cent pay
increase. But for the 1,000,0 900 non
operating workers the emergency
board has recommended a seven
cent increase now and the 40-hour
week next September.
Transportation experts said yes
terday that this latter arrangement,
if put into effect, will require $400,-
900 900 more rail revenue than the
81, 600, ,000, 900 anticipated on the 10
cent pay increase basis.
Thus, they said, a total of 81, AGO.
600 900 more annual revenue will be
needed to carry out the proposed
changes and till maintain the earn
ings percetage the ICC estimates is
necessary.
See 15G Rate Rise Needed.
To provide this additional revenue
would mean q rate increase of be-
tween Is and 18 per cent.
Probably not all this rate increase
would be needed at once, since 1t is
proposed that the 40-hour week not
be put into effect until August, 1949.
Another factor, pointed out by the
emergency board, is that diminish
ing cost for the 40-hour week Is
likely because of (a) increased ef-
ficiency from workers having more
leisure, and (b) further moderniza-
ton of equipment.
The emergency board said it was
time the rail workers go on the 40
hour week prevailing today in most
other industries. It said the rail
workers now put in six days work to
get the earnings most other indus
trial workers receive for five days.
Some railroad officials believe the
workers can get a hidden earning
increase out Of the boards proposal
in this way:
With the advent of the shorter
week there may be difficulty in hir-
ing the extra workers needed to fill
out the extra day. So If the regular
employees are worked overtime they
would get q premium time-and-a-
half rate for the extra hour be-
yond 40.
However, the carrier would have
eight months to plan the transition
and arrange shifts so as to avoid
overtime and minimize the number
of extra workers needed. .,
Both the unions and the carriers
Evening star., 1948-12-19
Col. James H. Phillips
ASSIGNED 10 Greek Post

Col. James H. Phillips, deputy
chief of Army. public information
for the last two years, has been as
signed to the United States Military
Mission at Athens, Greece, depart
ment orders revealed yesterday.
Col. and Mrs. Phillips, who live
at 4456 @ street NV, expect to
be In Athens by January 6.
A native of Eastonville. Colo, and
a graduate of West Point in 1917
Col. Phillips has seen service in
both World Wars. sDuring the last
war he aided in the development o1
the mechanized cavalry and self
Evening star., 1948-12-19

propelled anti-aircraft battalions.
The departure Of Col. Phillips will
mark . complete change in the top
personnel Of the Army's public in
formation division. Brig. Gen. ver-
non E. >Prichard will become divi-
sion chief February /, succeeding
Maj. Gen. Briant Z. Moore, who
becomes superintendent at West
Point.
Evening star., 1948-12-19
|. 5. Baird Rites Today
In Fredericksburu

Funeral services will be held in
Fredericksburg, Va, at 2 O'Clock
this afternoon for Leonard Stuart
Baird, %, a graduate student and
part-time biology instructor at the
University of Richmond who was
killed in a head-on automobile COL
lision Thursday near Fredericks-
burg.
He was returning here to spend
Christmas with his mother. Mrs
Evening star., 1948-12-19

are considering the boards recon-
mendations. The two groups expect
to meet in Chicago probably January
4 to discuss them Meanwhile the
unions are barred by law. from strik-
ing until January II.
Railroad workers are exempt from
the wage-hour law which requires
the 4o-hour week in post other in
duStrieS.
Evening star., 1948-12-19

IP. r. Russell. $40 Quincy street
NV.
The services viii be In the
Wheeler Thompson funeral home,
with burial in the cemetery at
Fredericksburg.
A Fredericksburg native, Mr..
Baird worked at the Agriculture
Department here before the war
and attended George Washington
University at night. After Navy
service, he went to the University
of Richmond, from which he was
graduated last June.
In addition to his mother, Mr..
Baird is survived by his widow, Mrs.
Evening star., 1948-12-19

A chain Of government-owned
hotels is being constructed in the.
Dominican Republic.
Evening star., 1948-12-19

I'D rather bdpe my bearing back
tb&n snytbing else in tbe s0erla"
That may be the unspoken wish of
some loved one, friend or business
associate-a wish you can fulfill
this Christmas with q Telex Hear.
ing Aid Gift Certificate!
For any hard of hearing person
there's nothing finer than q preci.
sion.made Telex-expertly fitted
in private consultation, guaranteed.
Here's q gift that perhaps only JOS
can give-the ultimate in thought
fulness and consideration!
Have q handsome Telex Gift
Certificate inscribed with the name
you wish to honor. You'll be proud
Of your gift of be&Siag'
PHONE re. 1877 FOR FURTHER
DETAILS
The Arizona post., 1948-11-05
Organizations
YPHA

Prediction talks were given
by local political party members
at meeting held at the Santa
Rita Hotel a few weeks ago.
Arrangements are getting un-
der way for the Annual Dance
and volunteers are needed and
should contact Ann Miller at
0726-R5.
A GetAcquainted Party will be
held tomorrow, Saturday night.
Invitations have been issued.
Persons interested in joining
YPHA and attending such gath
erings may call Miss Miller. Reg
ular meetings are held the first
and third Mondays at Anshei Is
rael.
The Arizona post., 1948-11-05

A number are planning to at
tend the seminar to be conducted
during the Thanksgiving holidays
at Albuquerque when the IZFA
chapter of the University of New
Mexico will be host to chapters
WORKINGMAN'S CIRCLE
Meetings of the Tucson branch,
now known as Branch No. 152,
were held Oct. FL and Nov. 4 at
the home of Morris Wanger, E..
9th. New members proposed were,
Sam Berg, Minnie Geller, Mrs.
Louise Grace, Harry Laventman,
Eva Seitz and Mr.. and Mrs. Nor
ris Winter.
An Installation Banquet for
members and their friends is
planned for the near future. Ar
rangements are being handled by
Walter Miller, 1. Margolis and
M. Mutnick.
All new candidates wishing to
join this branch may apply to
DR.. M. D. Cohen, 1885 E. Speed
way, the medical examiner, or
contact Walter Miller at 3399-M.
HADASSAH
Because of the Jewish holidays,
the last meeting was held in the
evening of Oct. 10. Mrs. Saul
Shapiro, member of the National
Speakers Bureau, gave stimu-
lating talk on the Hebrew Uni
verSity Medical School.
Members were deeply pleased
by the contribution of a dozen
dresses for Israelis children, Civ
en- by Mrs. Gwinn, a new mem
Der of Christian faith.
Next board meeting will be
held at the home of Mrs. Sidney
Szerlip, Nov. 9, at 1870 pm. The
next meeting is Nov. 16 at Con-
gregation Anshei Israel. Mrs.
Louis Cohen will give a report
on the National Conference which
she is now attending in Atlantic
City.
Mrs. Leonard Weiner was elect
ed delegate to the Community
Council replacing Mrs. Al Click
man, resigned.
JWV
Dec. z is just around the cor
ner, and will be devoted to cleo
ton of officers. All members are
urged to be present at the DAV
Hall. A nominating committee
consisting of Mel Fine, Sam Hell
fetz, Ted Karnofsky, Mort Haas,
Herman Isis, Marvin Alexander,
Bob Miller, Hy Stanton, Wally
Levin and Lou Krainess met last
week at the home of Sam Hell
fetz and recommended a slate
of officers. Heifetz put on a real
feast afterwards.
The Arizona post., 1948-11-05
REGULAR VETERANS

The Regular Veterans Assn,
now being organized, is holding
an open meeting on Nov. 8 at
7:30 pm. at Veterans Hospital.
ALI eX-service men and women
are cordially invited. Charter
members are being sought.
The Arizona post., 1948-11-05
ZIONIST EMERGENCY
COUNCIL

An intensive letter-Writing
campaign pointing out the unjust
and unworkable plan of cutting
off the Negev as recommended in
the Bernadotte report, resulted in
over 800 letters being sent to
President Truman, Secretary
Marshall and our representatives.
An important service and credit
are due Florence Weisberg and
her committee, consisting of Ell
mer CORTLAND and Mrs. Murray
Shift, who were responsible for
$50 of the letters. /
Pioneer Women and IZFA were
also instrumental in writing a
large number. 1t is significant
that over 40 letters were sent by
non-JewS.
National office strongly recon-
mendS two new books, 'The Birth
of Israeli" by DR.. Garcid Grana-
dos, Guatemalan delegate to the
UN who had an active part in
the original partition plan, and
"This Is Israel" by the popular
writer, I. F. Stone. Orders may
be placed with Mrs. Harry
Strauss, ZEC chairman.
The Arizona post., 1948-11-05
JWV AUXILIARY

Meeting held Oct. 26 at Tenn
pie Emanuel was conducted ac-
cording to Nationals rituals.
Nominations for new officers will
be held at the next meeting, place
and date to be announced.
The Arizona post., 1948-11-05
B'NAI BIRTH WOMEN

Last meeting was Oct. 27 when
Alfred w. Little of Tucson High
School spoke on parliamentary
law and its practical use. Mrs.
Milton Cherry, vice-president,
presided in the absence of Mrs.
Gif Giffords.
A Donor Luncheon to be held
annually in May was established
on the basis of $40 contribution
or earned credits. A Knitting
Project for the benefit of Aid to
Israel was organized by Mrs.
Joseph Schachner, committee
chairman, under the direction of
Mrs. Isidore Levin and Mrs. Ben
Fink. There will be both after
noon and evening sessions.
Blanche Colin, Hillel chairman,
will welcome contributions of 81
or more commemorating any oc-
casion for the Hillel Scholarship
Fund being established at the
University. Mrs. Richard Bennett
is Cultural Series ticket sales
chairman.
Mrs. Irving Kipnis, ADJ chair
man, calls attention to a radio
series Little Songs on Big
Thoughts" heard irregularly over
a local station. So effective has
been the work of the Good Cheer
Committee that Mrs. Morris
Kleinerman asks for additional
volunteers for visitation so that
she may meet all the requests.
Pledge Class will continue two
more weeks with Byron Epstein
as Pledge Master. Taking the
class are: Ray and Ion Alexandra,
Norman Anton, Stan Feldman,
Ira Greenstein, Selig Kaplan,
Paul Katz, Lenny Lieberman,
Bob Lukacs, Harry Nadler, Ira
Ostrove, Morty Sadowsky, Gene
Spector, Bill Szerlip, Max Volk
and Jack Waltuch.
Next meeting on Sunday at 1870
pm. at AnShei Israel.
IZFA
Intercollegiate Zionist Feder-
alton of America, university
chapter, at their last meeting
heard a talk on Farming in Is
rael," by Sidney Feldman, a ma
tive PaleStinian living in Tucson.
Evincing much interest, many
questions were asked.
A class in modern Hebrew con-
versation is being organized to
which interested young people
will be invited.
Next meeting will be Sunday,
Nov. 7, at the Strauss home, E.
Elm. The program will feature a
debate, Personal immigration to
Israel VS.. Zionist Work in Amer
ica."
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Threats Charged in Suit
Against Seafarers' Union

A man. who described himself as
a cripple, yesterday brought $780,
600 damage suit in District Court
against the Seafarers' International
Union Of North America. in the 140O
block OF K street NV, charging
that union representative had
threatened him for refusing to ap-
prove incorrect overtime work sheets
while the plaintiff was steward
aboard tanker.
Robert H. Maupin, 512 Seventh
Evening star., 1948-10-26

ROY Williams, Al, ia 9th ct. s.e.. and
George Henderson, 20, 9I9 H st. ne, and
Vera Sherbert. 21, 72O Kentucky ave.
Glenn Thornton. 90, Naval Gun Factory,
Carl claudy, ir, A, 2so7 woodley I'd.
NV, and Martha Taylor. "a, 2617 seth
st. NV
John Smith, 90, 1882 Webster st. me-,
and Doris Reid, 10, 1850 Webster st.
Evening star., 1948-10-26

him. Damages asked include $500,
which Mr.. Maupin estimated he
would lose in salary in the course of
year and an additional 100000
he seeks for punitive damages.
The suit was filed in his behalf
by Attorneys Ben Lindas and J. H.
Schneider.
Evening star., 1948-10-26

street S.W., said that, as q result
OF the threats. he had resigned from
his job as steward aboard the tank
er. The Cabins, last August.
The suit charged he was told by a
union representative he would meet
with physical violence unless he ap-
proved overtime work lists furnished
Evening star., 1948-10-26
Marriage License
Applications

Under D. C. lato, couples must
apply for a marriage license on
one day. ,Dait three tuH days and
receipe the license ON the fifth
day. Sundays and holidays are
counted the same as other days.
Arizona sun., 1948-07-02
NEWS and VIEW S
By WADE HI. HAMMOND

COLLEGE AT Flagstaff getting lot of nvoraee
Young who heads the Training Department Flagstaff
read in the Sun June % THAT ha 9eS the w sr
against they have made effort to make them
to the saying that little learning dangerous thing
congress- states and
the Federal benches in some places would
whose capital into the millions of dollars He would then have
would that there
Negroes teaching in many Of the leading white and @ COW
could he have missed the Negro Governor of the Virgin ndS
college that supported in part
gives that eastern town of $4,000
have but five Negro doctors and that they had the
Negroes doctors would be enlghtenng know
the of the doctors information this point So far as we have
been able to learn authoritative statistics the highly i'm
owy @ D a has don or on
eucave did himself credit for doing We
opinion this which ill educator The doctor should
speeches. obligation to them to be truthful and
facua all Of his statements In light the foregoing evident
mas conception qualified college professor Finally Doctor Young
another to their liking and that he Wiling help pay
the the cost gt 9Th them to That is ] @ sG1 ha
the place to send the in Arizona to have young
believe with
there are fifteen million but few who think as
We suggest that would be less expensive and more beneficial to
Fascist they do believe in de-
We quite willing to such deal Pass the hat
TO THE wEsTs1DE BOYS CLUB and STATION a
contrte apology making impression week the YN1
was deayng the expense OF sending six Negro boys to its summer
Negro boys boys attended
camp ca are the Wesde Boys CLUB and that their
the fine job that Director Elder Russell doing
who get along we'll together
YOU BELONGED to prior o
which the president signed the recently enacted draft BILL
not join the National Guard This Churchlan language really of
an enigma wrapped up in puzzle!
Arizona sun., 1948-07-02
Mesa Neus
By Alfonso Campbell Jr.

This is your ole news hound CIV
ing you the happenings in Mesa.
This week finds many residents of
Mesa going on vacation. Vessie Lee
Roberts left for San Francisco,
California to visit friends. Mr.. R. j.
Maggit and James Harrell from
Pasadena, Calf. were visiting rela-
tives and friends during the week.
end and on their return to Cali
fornia Mrs. Maggit, her daughter
and son, Ethel and Hobert Maggit,
and granddaughter Sharon Harrell
returned with them.
Travelling in the other direction,
Mrs. Rosie Cook and her grand
daughter, Julia Jones, left for Kans.
and Okla. Mrs. Nora Twiggs is
Visiting friends and relatives in
Chicago.
Little Jenett Stephens celebrated
her fourth birthday with birthday
party at the home of her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Stephens.
Visiting Mesa were Ruben Harrell
from Calf. and Mrs. Clara Ingersal
from Chicago, Ill.
During the weekend Arizona lost
one of it's best softball pitchers,
Robert Freeman, who left for st.
Louis Ito join a professional soft
ball team. Robert started pitching
for the Colored All Stars of Mesa
in the city league. After playing
two years in the Mesa league, he
started pitching for team in the
Phoenix league. During that year
Robert made a name for himself.
He came through with a great
season. This year he was pitching
for Bob-s Rose Room which is one
of the outstanding teams in the
league, then he was signed for
professional softball.
While pitching with these teams
Robert has made friends in Phoenix
Mesa, and we hope that wherever
he is he will be a great success.
Sharon Harrell celebrated her
birthday with a party at the home
of her grandmother, Mrs. Maggit.
The youth club of Mesa is having
it's outdoor dance on the Washing
ton School basketball court Satur-
day, July 10 at $3.50. Everyone is
welcome.
Arizona sun., 1948-07-02
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to thank friends who
sent lovely cards, kilograms, and
beautiful floral offerings, at the
passing of our devoted husband and
brother James J. Grose. Many
kilograms and beautiful floral Of
ferings were wired to us from
Phoenix while in Washington, D.
G..
Mrs. James J. Grose, Phoenix
Mrs. Margaret Bolden, Washing
ton, D. c.
Mrs. Lucy Henson, Washington,
D. c.
Mr.. Charles Grose, Washington,
=. D. c.
MIR. Joseph Grose, Washington,
~ ~ ...~. --.
Arizona sun., 1948-07-02
Announcements Tanner Chapel
A.M.E. Church

Sunday morning $3.50 o'clock
Sunday school; HOO o'clock morn
ing worship. Rev. H. L. Bingham,
Presiding Elder will preach, morn
ing and evening. This will be our
fourth and last quarterly meeting
for this year. At 800 o'clock we
will 60 to Okemah and worship
with Rev. Pinkney, and his congre-
cation in their quarterly meeting.
Monday evening 500 o'clock quar-
terly conference. ALI departments
are asked to make written reports
to the conference. Glass leaders will
please see your members. Tuesday
evening 800 o'clock Senior Choir
rehearsal; Wednesday evening Z
o'clock Sunday School Board, and
Teachers meeting; 500 o'clock
prayer and class meeting.
COMING EVENTS
On the second Sunday in July
the "Salt River Valley Choral Un-
ion" will render program at the
church; time, p. m. The public is
invited to hear these great gospel
singers. Rev. billiard, Manager.
On Friday evening, July 9, Prox'
the Wright Brothers and the ST.
Louis Gospel Singers will appear
at the church. These singers need
no introduction in Phoenix, for ev-
eryone who has heard them know
their ability as singing artists. The
time will be 8 p. m.
On July 18th through the 18th,
the Sir knights and Daughters OF
Tabor will hold their Grand Lodge
in our church. We extend to them
cordial welcome to our city and
especially to our church. We trust
your stay will be both pleasant and
profitable.
Arizona sun., 1948-07-02

unique St. Moncas Hospital but Mr. Schuyler failed to say
that the institution is nter-racial in every respect
The SUN does not offer this lengthy editorial to point
out it's readers facts that they already know AS already
all know indefensible The SUN would merely like to
ask what motive could have prompted honest citizen
of community to withhold from visiting reporter facts
about our community that any honest reporter would want
know? Can improve democratic status anywhere
in America by reports that fail to inform or intentionally
misinform?
Arizona sun., 1948-07-02
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Row n TT billiard

Announcing the closing of the
Wright Brothers Song Program,
Sunday July 4, at 800 PM. and
again at 800 PM. at Antioch
Baptist Church, corner of 18th &
Monroe ST. The public is invited
to attend.
Arizona sun., 1948-07-02
CHURCH news
Rev. and Mrs. Williams Entertain
! Guest

Guest
The famous Wright Brothers
and st. Louis Gospel Singers and
their guest were lavishly enter
tanned at the home of Rev. and
Mrs. P. H. Williams on the even
ing of June 25th.
Rev. Williams recited "23rd
Psalm" while the guests followed
in unison. Prayer and blessings
were given by Rev. Gamble, and
songs by the st. Louis Gospel
Singers honored the host.
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-01-21
Wednesday, January Fl, 1913.

per arrivals from the Far East
this month will be the heavi-
est since the guns stopped in
the Pacific. About IA steamers
are scheduled to slip into us.
ports with more than 1000
tons of pepper. nd the total
may be as high as 1000 tons.
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-01-21
PEPPER PRICES

Consolation thought for to-
day: The high price of pepper
is about to break.
Americans spice their ed
ibles with some $4,000 tons of
this king of condiments year
ly. Pepper at wholesale was
worth four cents a pound in
1889. It's now worth So cents
up 1,200%. And supplies are
rock-bottom low.
But, say the spice men, pep
The theocrat. [volume] (Zion City [i.e. Zion], Ill.) 1914-1949, 1948-01-21

At the outbreak of the Re-
volutionary War, the United
States had no Navy Depart
ment or ships and only a few
armed merchantmen.