davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-09-12
TheCose History
For Separating
Church and State
SEPARATE CHURCH AND
STATE NOW
gy joseph Martin Dawson
/Piohnrd p E,,,j jth S2 50

gy joseph Martin Dawson
Richard r. Smith,. $780,
Reviewed by CASPER NAMES.
The separation of church and
state has been a fundamental con-
Icept in the history Of our country.
How closely this has been fol-
lowed is a matter of opinion. The
general view is affirmative, sup
ported by a belief that the Nation
has successfully given the church
and the state its proper share in
the country's life. This did not
mean that the great general prin-
ciples of religion were lacking to
undergrad the growth of the United
States. 1t did mean, however, that
every effort was made to keep
church and state separated politi-
cally.
On February 10, 1947, the Su-
preme Court by 5-4 decision ruled
tax, funds in New Jersey may be
used to pay for the transportation
of children to Catholic parochial
schools. Many viewed the decision
as preaching the wall separating
Church and state. Some Of these
leaders in January, 1948. formed
Protestants and Other Americans
United for the Separation of Church
and State. The organization was
prominent among those prosecuting
the McCollum case, in which the
Supreme Court on March 8, 1948,
ruled public schools may not be
used by religious teachers to give
| instruction in religion. 20.
Takes Issue.
DR.. Dawson, one of those active
in forming Protestants and Other
Americans, Is concerned about any
moves that tend to breach the sep
aration of church and state. Em-
phasizing his uesire to keep clear
of religious prejudice in any form,
DR.. Dawson here nevertheless cites
instances where Catholic ideas and
practices In his opinion are steps
toward breaking down the sspara-
ton of church and state. He at
tacks the retention of Myron C.
Taylor as the presidents personal
representative with the rank OF
Ambassador" to the Vatican, and
cites resolutions by many Protest.
ant bodies condemning the situa-
ton.
He also devotes several chapters
to the American public school sys-
tenn as fundamental bulwark in
keeping apart church and state.
DR.. Dawson charges the Catholic
church wishes to undermine thus
system, declaring stated succinct-
lily the Catholic position is the
church should conduct public edu-
cation and the state should pay
for it."
The book, necessarily argumenta-
tive, traces the American tradition
concerning separation of church
and state. 1t brings together con-
veniently the arguments for one
side in a detailed, provocative and
interesting manner. Those con-
cerned in the problem, on either
side, will want to read carefully DR..
Dawson's work.
Evening star., 1948-09-12
Chess Notes
By Donald n. Mueridee

y
The tournament for the cham
pionship Of ths United States Just
concluded ut South FallsburS was
not the weakest Of the seven bien-
nial events held since 1896, and was
by no means . second-rate affair Oh
Z failure. 1t is yet open to serious
criticism both for players who were
excluded and for players who were
admitted, and such criticism calls
into question the policies OF the
United State Chess Federation by
which the entry list was recruited.
Recognized masters such as Arnold
s, Denker, Israel A. Horowitz ana
Albert S. Pinkus were In eject ex-
cluded by the requirement OF playing
in regional preliminary sections. To
expect an ex-champion OF the United
States like Mr.. Denker or pro-
fessional international master OF
long standing like Mr.. Horowitz 70
play in q preliminary event involv-
ing neither honor nor profit Is an
abSurdity which calls for no dis-
cussion. The three lowest IN the
final standing Is South Fallsburg-
Almgren of California, .Suraci OF
Connecticut and James OF Texas
were yictors in regional prelimi-
naries. They scored just 8 points be-
tween them, and against the "a
leaders they lost all of their 50
games.
see small merit in regional pre-
liminaries, especially when held the
same wear as the championship 1t
self. There are some six players
in washington qualified to play in
the United States championship, but
not one of them was able to attend
the preliminary tourney at johnson
City, Tenn, last winter. Amateurs
who must earn their living should
not be expected to attend two tour
news away from .home in one year
Washington is one of the strongest
chess communities in the Nation
and there is no reason why the cur
rent District champion should not
De W tIlC AioeASAAoA S'SAAs
without further ado.
It is highly important that the
United States Chess Federation ad-
nit its errors and amend its sys-
tenn so as to qualify recognized
masters and the representatives OF
first-class chess centers such as
Washington. Otherwise the menace
of schism in American chess will
continue to grow.
Edmund Nash and Hugh c. Un-
derwood will discuss their experience
and games at the recent Baltimore
tourney next Tuesday evening at
the Federal Chess Club, 243l Four
teenth street NV. at $50 o'clock.
Nonmembers are welcome without
charge.
With the fall Journeys shortly
to begin, the Washington Chess
Divan is winding up its summer
orgy of fast chess. On August %
Hans Berliner and D. H. Mugridge
lied in a 10-second tourney with
61a-1z each; E. M. Knapp and O..
W.. Manney were next with 4-3.
On September / Paul Poschel Of
Chicago, on his way home from
the South Fallsburg tourney, par
Evening star., 1948-09-12

fellow who was fished out of the
river after two weeks with the
shrimp. -.
Here are tales to be read on Sue
cessive evenings, not at one sitting.
And certainly DR.. Ballowe should
be encouraged to do more of them.
Donald Joseph, the Texas novelist,
contributes a generous and per-
ceptive introduction.
Evening star., 1948-09-12
Reviewed by
MEREDITH S. BUEL.

This is an informative story OF
one of Americas basic industries
and the dramatic part it has played
In the growth of the United States.
The author explains how salt Is
produced and distributed, where the
enormous supply comes from and
its Importance in the daily diet. IN
teresting accounts are given OF the
rise of a major salt company and
the different steps taken in pre-
pairing modern salt for the market.
Evening star., 1948-09-12

ticipated In an impromptu affaif,
Berliner won with 7-2, closely fol-
lowed by r. S. Cantwell and o.
Shapiro, with 61a a-2la. Mr.. Poschel,
too tired to do himself justice,
had 3-6.
On September 4 the club zoomed
through its second 5-second contest.
Mugridge and Shapiro were first
with ,lo-l. and Cantwell third
with 81.
In rapid transit play. anything
can happen. and often does. The
following brief curiosity was the
product of some highly original bad
play on the part Of the District
Evening star., 1948-09-12

BY George Fielding Eliot. (Bobbs
Merrill; s275J
Reviewed by
JOHN c. HENRY.
Mr.. Eliot presents here a lucidly
written, although somewhat in
genuous and superficial diary of a
recent trip to most of the Middle
East, Turkey and Greece.
Practicing for years as a news
paper and radio authority on mill
tary matters, the author quite ap-
propriately has concerned himself
primarily with the military ele-
ments involved in the Palestine sit
uation and with the comparable
problems found in such iron cur
tain" border states as Iran, Turkey
and Greece. His searching, in other
words, has been directed principally
at the question of who seems tc
be strongest and mostly likely tt
win in the conflicts of today or to.
morrow, rather than the question
! OF rlght or wrong.
Obviously pro-Zionist, but not in.
tolerantly anti-Arab, he accepts the
state of Israel as reality and
does not foresee its defeat by the
relatively disorganized and inef-
fective military opposition of the
Arab states. On the subject OF
Soviet pressures against this cross.
roads area, he recognizes the men,
ace and the importance of success
full resistance. but Is cautiously
noncommital about how things are
likely to turn out.
His report may be read with profit
perhaps, but there is much more
TO the hates and hopes and po-
lentialities of the high explosives
tnan Mr.. Eliot seems to have dis
| covered.
Evening star., 1948-09-12


idUS and q caUernouS mouth"
Illustration from "Creo.e Folk Tales"
we'll salted sometimes even little
gamey) of love and murder, vast
jokes, grotesqueries and ghosts. DR..
Ballowe likes haunt. and doesn't
mind who knows it.
The doctor gives us peculiar,
other worldly things, not man, not
animal. but something between, who
prowl the river bank; he gives us
fun and funerals In weird combina-
ton, in story that tells how a
modern mortician invaded the
Delta and conficted with old time
Creole burial customs. with odd re-
suits. The doctor is at his best
when he is having a wrath trail
his fingers over your neck; when he
makes you believe, with his fictional
figures, that there is something
behind that door-probably the
Evening star., 1948-09-12
THE OLD BEAUTY AND
OTHERS
~, yry;1la ro+La. /D41a{

BY villa Cather. fhnOp], SL.5OJ
These three stories were the last
manuscripts Miss Gather had COM
pleted when she died in the spring
of 1e47. She working on a fourth
story, a much longer one, and she
had planned to publish it in a
volume with the others. but she
did not finish 1t. and she wisely
directed that no unfinished work be
published
The middle story in this book,
1.-THE Best Years" is the last story
she completed 1t is an interesting
circumstance that it goes back to
the scenes of her childhood. the
Nebraska farm country she wrote of
so affectingly in early books like
MY Antonia." Most of the narra-
tive is set in 1899. when the region
had not yet lost its pioneer aspects.
1t is tender story of child
school teacher, a precocious girl of
II, her country school. her family
in the town IA miles away. and the
county superintendent, the older
woman who has proved such an
understanding friend and mentor
Through the kindness Of the super
intendent, who comes by In her
buggy. the girl. Leslie. has an un-
expected week end at home. And
we meet her family-her father, q
thoughtful farmer, q dreamer; heI
very practical mother and the three
little boys. Then a blizzard strikes
bringing tragedy. Years later Les
hes mother looks back on those
years when they lived in q humber
house and the children shared an
attic and they all were happier
than they ever could be again.
The story comes near being q
perfect example Of Miss Gathers
art, that ability to touch the heart
with q simple chronicle Of simple
people, told In gentle prose that
Evening star., 1948-09-12
|CoIorfuI Stories
From Missouri
|InGood Time
CROSSROADS OF AMERICA
BY Darrell Garwood. Nv. w.
Norton G. Co.: $4.J
Reviewed by

The subtitle of this book is "The
Story of Kansas City" but the
reader need not fear a date-filled
compete OF boiled-dry sociological
facts. Mr.. Garwood is primarily a
spinner of yarns in this book and
the stories he tells are good ones.
Kansas City is the center of the
story, but the author takes you up
and down and across the bloody
Missouri-Kansas border. You meet
John Brown, with his hatchet drip
ping red, Quantrill and his guerilIas
in their border warfare with the
Kansas Red Legs" and even United
States Senators taking part in the
border raids.
Jesse James and Frank James
moved, across an even wider stage.
Mr. Garwood's story of the Staying
Of Jesse and the surrender and ac-
quittal of Frank, taken from con-
temporary accounts, is particularly
interesting.
Swope and Pendergast.
Another story is that of the life
and death of the wealthy Col. Swope
and the trial of Swope's son-in-law
for the colonel's murder. 1t is an
excellently put together tale of one
of this century's most famous cases.
This being Missouri, artists
George Caleb Bingham and Tom
Benton-are part of the story Of
both the Civil War and present-day
events.
Such figures as Senator Jim Reed,
Frank P. Walsh and the ponderous
publisher William Rockhill Nelson
have their roles in these colorful
stories of colorful region.
Mr.. Garwood is not a Missourian,
but a native of Indiana, and is now
Washingtonian. He is member
of the staff of the International
News Service.
Evening star., 1948-09-12
Travel Mole

IdVSI ANUIC
Truman Capote, author of Other
Voices, Other Rooms" which was in
many ways one of the most remark
able first novels of the year, has
written his publishers that he plans
to travel by motorcycle to Venice.
italy. No information about young
Mr.. Capote's erstwhile rival for
youthful literary honors, Gore Vidal.
who is also travelling in Italy, is
available at the moment.
Evening star., 1948-09-12
Salt in America

SALT: THE FIFTH ELEMENT
BY Garnett Laidlaw Eskew.
II G. Ferguson & Associates;
S3)
Evening star., 1948-09-12
Stefan Heym Offers Most Comprehensive
Novel to Come Out of the Last War
THE CRUSADERS
BY Stefan Heym. little, Brown; $780,
Reviewed by CARTER BROOKE" JONES

Reviewed by CARTER BROOKE JONES.
this not best the war 1t
safe to say that a better one has not appeared.
1t comprehensive than any, Within its 62 large pages
all the important phases the invasion of
and Germany Without stepping out of its story leaving its
particular characters suggest the whole
Evening star., 1948-09-12

old, although the Bill Of Rights
rather than the due-process clause
is the foundation for their certain
ties" Mr.. Pritchett obviously be-
lieves the Roosevelt Court" not
merely has revised itself greatly
since the Roosevelt days, but that 1t
has not yet written the last word
of its own historic status and story
Evening star., 1948-09-12

They are not the proud Creoles of
New Orleans. but country charac-
ters, and for many of them that last
term can be used with considerable
Justice. They figure in strange tales,
Evening star., 1948-09-12
How the Supreme Court Has Revised
Itself Since the Days of Roosevelt
THE ROOSEVELT COURT

THE ROOSEVELT COUNT
By Herman Pritchett (The Macmillan Co.; $5J
Reviewed by ROBERT K. WALSH
Evening star., 1948-09-12
IMr. Eliot Presents
AnEyewitness View
OF Palestine

HATE, HOPE AND HIGH
EXPLOSIVES
BY George Fielding Eliot. (Bobb!
Merrill; s2.75J
Evening star., 1948-10-17
A Retaining Wall
Can Be Planted, Too

A planted retaining wall is IN
excellent variation from stone or
concrete. Here are the steps rec
commended by A. c. Pfander, SUPER
intendent Of buildings and grounds,
New York Botanical Garden:
/. A trench about 10 or IL inches
deep and slightly wider than the
desired wall to be filled with cinders.
2. The first row Of rocks to be
pitched to the bank about inch
to the foot.
8. To prevent forward tumbling
during heavy frost, the wall to be
given a pinch lean to the bank for
every foot Of height.
4. The soil used between the rocks
to be screened so that q soft medium
density Is maintained.
5. Each rock to be firmly bedded
in soil to achieve permanent steadi-
ness.
s. The layers Of soil between rocks
not to be more than Y inch thick.
7. The soil behind, the rocks to be
we'll packed to avoid settling.
8. Rock garden and alpine plants
of the smaller types, such as DIAN
thus sempervivum or many of the
sedums planted as seedlings OF
small divisions, will eventually cover
most of the wall with large mats
and cushions of color that change
the impression of stone to softness
and grace.
Evening star., 1948-10-17
This Week in the Garden

Lily-of the valley makes a desir-
able edging for beds of ferns and
other shade-loving plants. They will
thrive along q north wall if planted
in q soil well supplied with humus
|-decayed leafmold, compost or
woods earth. A few plants, set out
at 12-inch intervals. will soon pro-
vide the mass effect that Is desirable.
Established paintings should be top
dressed with well-rotted manure or
rich compost.
4 Il X Il
Look over the trees and shrubs
for injured branches or bruises that
might develop into decay. Clean
them up, removing diseased wood.
paint with a tree dressing and pro-
tect them until healed. Many vaiu-
able trees are ruined by neglect Of
small wounds. If tree dressings are
not available prepare your own by
mixing bordeaux powder with lin
seed oil. When this has dried suffi-
GENTLY coat with an asbestos cement.
\ 4 y 4
1t is not too late to give the straw
berry bed a dressing Of rich compost
or well-rotted manure. This side
dressing will leach down to the
roots where they can reach it when
ever in active growth.
Lift blooming chrysanthemums
and place them in the perennial
border where they will make an
effective display until freezing
weather. Or, pot the smaller plants
and place them on the porch or in
some other sheltered situation.
Tulip planting should not be fur
ther delayed. Bulbs planted now
will give the best results next spring
Other bulbs, except dubious iris and
the anemones, should 60 into the
ground without delay. They make
considerable root growth in the fall
and some top growth below the sur
face of the soil. If the soil is toe
cold this development will not take
place.
The failure Of peonies to bloom
is frequently due to planting at toe
great depth. In our heavy soils
they should not have more than
2 inches of soil over their buds. In
planting In a well prepared hole
we should strive to cover them not
more than l inch, this is to allow
for settling of the soil and plants.
In the warm days that usually
follow the first killing frosts is q
good time to give the dormant
deciduous trees and shrubs an ap-
plication Of dormant strength lime
sulphur spray. Fall applications Of
dormant sprays are not generally
Evening star., 1948-10-17
Profit From Hogs
Increased by Use
of Better Facilities
BY the Associotsd Press

BLACKSBURG, Va, Oct. 10
Better housing and feeding facili-
ties for hogs will do much toward
boosting profits Of Virginia swine
breeders, Agricultural Extension
Service specialists believe. These
suggestions are made:
If size of the enterprise indicates
use. of q central hoghouse, it should
be provided with floors that can be
kept clean and easily disinfected.
Movable houses, extensively used
because of low cost per unit and
adaptability to sanitation measures,
will aid in disease control. They
can be moved to clean ground be-
for or after farrowing.
The narrowing house should have
q so to go degree temperature
range. Use of brooders will reduce
chilling of small pigs.
A farrowing pen should ne pro-
vided for each SOW. A 6-by-8-foot
pen is the minimum for small
SOW, while 7-by-8 pens may be
used for sows under $50 pounds.
Guard rails should be provided on
at least three sides.
Hoghouses and feeding areas
should have floors built for warmth
and freedom from dampness, dust
and drafts. The surface should have
just enough slope for drainage and
ease In cleaning and diSinfecting.
If self-feeders are used, there
should be q minimum of five square
feet Of feeding floor per pig with
additional space for shelter.
Rat control calls for foundation
walls extending about l8 inches be-
low ground.
All feed troughs should be NOV
able and have smooth inside sur
faces for ease in cleaning.
Evening star., 1948-10-17
Garden Club Activities

and the amount of ground the
plants will cover. It may be that
regular or irregular curves, rather
than straight-front borders, might
be more harmonious and effective.
Develop new ideas. Work in q few
climbers here and there and don't
overlook the free-flowering and COL
orful floribundas. Deliberate plan
ming in advance will bring results. /"
A fall flower show was part of
the program at the Monday meet
ing Of the Chevy Chase I'd. O. Gar
den Club at the home of Mrs. Perley
Nutting. A luncheon was sched-
uled for / o'clock, Mrs. George Hart
and Mrs. Elmer Cassell assisting.
According to the records of the
Potomac Rose Society, the follow
ing won prizes at the fall show:
D 'ns John mi t. H ADAMS. 6 0a aa1dd ns j. ao
Young. Miss Lucy srookneld, Mrs. .. c.
Powell. Dr.; Freeman Weiss. L. y: Perry.
Hutc6inss. John T. unger. IT,: George W.
Spangler, Frances Sherman. Jack Paisley,
T. Medford Taylor, Joseph J. McGrath,
A. C. Barrett, Mr.. and Mrs. Arnold Burr,
DR.. E. Z. Merriman.
Smith. Mrs. Fred Lang, Miss Clara Arid,
A. H. McAndrews. Mr.. and Mrs. W. H
Gannaway, Miss Grace Stratton, Mrs
Edna Davis, Mrs. Franklin Thomas, Roy
g. Nichols, Mrs. w. p. Chiffon, Homer
Smith, 1t. Col Ray G.. Windham, Alfred
Kopf. Mrs. John e. Erickson.
teossian, A. G. Davis, Mrs. Thelma Mont.
gomery, Miss Anne Lalley. Frank Pohanka
A. Hovelmann, D. W. O'Donoghue. A. E
Weber, Takoma Horticultural Club. wood.
ridge Garden Club, American University
Garden Club. Richmond Rose Society anc
George c. Schaffer, Inc.
Evening star., 1948-10-17
By Jones Birchfield

Now that the corn is down, we
can see the edge of the woods that
borders our back field. There is a
fringe of dogwood, deep red in the
brisk fall air and it lends color to
the landscape as we look back from
our small hilltop.
I feel distant, somehow, to the
corn. The cutting and the shocking
went by me and must wait for
the husking to give me a sense OF
kinship with our first grain crop.
Jane and Eugene Dennis managed
the cutting and there was something
of . record, I believe, made on our
forty. For in one days working they
managed % shocks. And that, with
part OF another days work, man
aged the crop.
Although it will take the husking
to tell the full story, apparently we
haven't done So badly with our first
corn crop. Even with the wet sum-
mer and the water that seemed to
collect in our cornfield. it seems
that We may have q fairly good
yield.
Nothing like the corn that was
grown on an island in the Potomac
River, nor as good as Tweed How
ser's across the way, but some ears
are long and fat. I think it will
Evening star., 1948-10-17
Small Farm Runs Smoothly
Digges' IS Acres in Fairfax County
Is Well Supplied With Machinery

Digges said with q note of pride
that people came from miles
around to see 1t. We measured
some of the stalks and they went
l6 feet, 3 inches tall. That's not
bad on any land"
Although the Digges farm Is be-
low average size, it Is completely
mechanical. The fact that he does
not have to depend on neighbors'
equipment not only makes for more
friendly relations in the community
he thinks, but also enables him to
do farm jobs when they should be
done.
In addition to his smaller ma
chinery, Mr.. Digges and four
neighbors went together to buy q
threshing machine. This season
when much grain was lost because
of bad weather their grain was
saved in good shape.
Although he has invested heavily
in machinery, Mr.. Digges does not
consider 1t top heavy. He believes
adequate machinery is necessary
on even q small farm where pro-
duction and income are high.
Like his city dairy, Mr.. Digges
hopes that Grafton Farm, named
for his mothers home place in
Fauquier County. will become a
model and guide to better farm
ing in his section.
Evening star., 1948-10-17

It isn't the amount of land you
have, but how you use 1t!
At least, that is the theory Of p. D.
Digges, whose IS acres near For
estville, in Fairfax County, are
making production records.
Mr.. Digges is president of the
Model Farms Dairy at AIS Kansas
avenue NV. A few years ago he
got the idea that the same kind of
efficiency employed in a dairy
could be applied equally well in
making a good farm, and SO 1t has
proved.
ut isn't every 65-acre farm that
will gross $4,000 a year." said Mr..
Digges. But we are showing them
here what it takes to do just that. "
Mr.. Digges Is quick to tell you
that much of his success has been
due to his manager, Carl L. Pear
son, who takes the same interest
in the small farm as the owner, and
many improvements stem from his
ideas.
For example, power failures never
interfere with milking. Mr.. Pear
son and Mr.. Digges got together
one day and decided that the intake
manifold of the tractor would pro-
vide enough suction to work the
milking machines in an emergency.
They bored and threaded q hole
in the manifold and placed q valve
in the hole. Now. when the power
goes of Mr.. Pearson backs up the
tractor to the barn window, con-
meets q long rubber hose to the
milking vacuum system, and goes
on with the milking.
The Digges farm supports about
"a milking cows, Holsteins and
Guernseys, and about II head Of
heifers that are coming on. The
farm keeps q herd sire and man
ages to sell a few animals each
year. The farm also supports a
few pigs. But the farm program
naturally centers around the milk
ing herd. This year Mr.. Pearson
made 140 tons of silage on seven
and one half acres of corn and
has made more than 80 tons of
good legume hay.
THAT corn was 30 good" Mr..