davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-09-05
Aldska Has Taken D01Un the Help Wanted Signs
By jones H. Ferguson

pulled the wholesale patches Of help wanted signs
unexpected The the wartime
pace Territory giddy with But it didn't
pan out.
inking Of break late in the spring. Federal
military for construction baaions in
the bottom of cash barrels Congress
appropriations laid Just when
high gear
military halted of vast projects.
defense and barracks the latter
draftees Territory, kept
spots developed Territorys two basic
dustries-gold commercial fshing-faered.
Gold mines being squeezed between high labor and machinery
while forced sell gold at set by the Treasury in 1885
secretary Alaska Mining Association this
industry. Mine payros which listed 5000 in
Anderson possibility of improve
Construction Pickup Predicted Next Year
along panhandle
Disappointing Salmon packers
the catch until last month down third from the
paychecks Alaska residents shpoads of
the States for seasonal the
with the fishing fleet.
however the construction schedule expected roll
ahead again full blast.
armed forces $200OO00 eamarked Arctic
underway Other mulnlons
dromes to handle the transPacic and thriving Alaskan arn
Southeast Alaskan timber
has forward But the pulp industry
that will take employer
Men like WADE and others in the Territory insisten
ing the woudbe Aaner carefully Alaska
Mr. Wade explains all United States employment offices
advised of the job market i'll the Territory
ANY Tom, Dick could here the war,
Mr. Wade concludes But Is longer rueh proved it.
by Press
Evening star., 1948-09-05

FAIRBANKS. fronierland tearing down
help the eight years.
hopes the Alcaners will
from the States being answered
maybe next year.
Anchorage--the Terrorys war-boom cies-he
thohbed activity turned for
sunny emptyng.
Milton manager of Fairbanks Office of the Territorial
Employment Service with mo and
present. thinking
Stay homeit
will only grief"
Hundreds Laid Off Military Projects
The jobs probably will shift in l99 and 1850
his Merrill of
the plight of hopeful 1348
rolling the Acan Highway record numbers
selling luggage the sidewalks Anchorage
They've glutted
Many hundreds of laid off suddenly military
grunbing They anticipated summeong
problems
much help. There skilled rademen
and the unskled choking
Alaska homesteaders settlers
the Territory few Of the
arriving this prepared financially for the task
Others help beans for the
dumbfounded when told
them through initial settle
period.
Those Clinking Cartwhees Are Coming
Faced with tight 1S48 job situation the puzzled
payros thousands
Eeon Fields Fairbanks civilian of 3000 takes lush
of monthly payroll Ladd Field
Evening star., 1948-09-05
By Leonord "A. Unqer

tors for local communities. We
want local communities to be con-
scious of the expense of the new
services they are demanding and te
decide if they think the new services
are worth paying for by a new loca
tax"
The Governor has emphasized
that local taxing bodies must stano
on their own record of efficiency
in government. If the new take;
are not needed, he says, then voters
have first-hand opportunity tc
vote out the City Council or other
taxing body.
Rural legislators, favoring q
State wide tax with free and easy
allocations by the State to local com
munities, said they had nothing to be
taxed except fence posts.
Lawmakers from larger cities were
under pressure Of industrial interests
who feared they would be indiscrimi-
nately taxed out of business.
But under constant prodding by
the Governor, the Legislature pushed
the measure through, and Gov. Duff
signed it with the statement:
This is one of the greatest home
rule measures ever passed in the
Commonwealth. 1t brings govern
ment back to the people. 1t enables
Evening star., 1948-09-05

HARRISBURG, Pa.-Pennsylvania
is blazing a new trail In local taxa
ton.
Nowhere else in the Nation has
a Legislature deviated so sharply
from traditional State-local tax re-
lationships as did Pennsylvania
State lawmakers in empowering
$500 municipalities and school dis
tricts:
l. To tax anything not already
taxed by the State.
2. To use the money without any
strings attached by the State.
The result in a year has been a
variety of local taxes with the i'm
agination of local taxing bodies as
virtually the only limit.
They've taxed wages and income,
mining of coal, retail and wholesale
business receipts and professional
services, amusements, juke boxes,
and real estate transfers.
Some levies are perhaps the first
of their kind anywhere-like taxes
on the privilege of being in business,
on private parking places, on public
parking lots, on gasoline pumps, on
the privilege of being an employer,
on signs and billboards.
If you consider per capita tax
from one viewpoint, there's an i'm
post for the privilege of being alive.
In one borough this is on a sliding
scale costing IS to be male and
SO to be a female. Children are
excluded.
Few Restrictions
The only restrictions imposed
under the law are that the revenue
from the new imposts may not ex-
ceed the aggregate raised by real
estate taxes and that gross re-
ceipts of public utilities are exempt
from such taxation.
Otherwise, the tax law is blank
check to communities to solve their
own financial woes without coming
to the Legislature periodically-hat
in hand and palm out-for a bigger
and bigger share of State money to
finance purely local operations.
The total amount collected so far
by cities or for the entire State has
not been determined because most
of the tax bodies were unable to i'm
pose the levies until last spring or
this summer.
The unprecedented measure is
Gov. James H. Duff's brainchild
He has spoken up and down the
State saying:
We don't want to be tax collec-
Evening star., 1948-09-05
By Robert N. Cool.

Grass-grown ruts across the
Western plains still trace one of
the great pathways Of the pioneer.
A century ago they made the Ore
gon Trail, a perilous and heart
breaking route to the West along
which prairie schooners lurched and
dusty horsemen rode to settle the
oregon country.
Though time has not quite oblit-
Grated some portions of the trail,
which lured thousands in the 1840s.
it long ago became legend. Today
motorists racing along U. S. high
way 80 west OF Kearney, Nebr.,
seldom realize that they are cross
ing and recrossing the route taken by
covered wagons. Passengers on the
Urion Pacific Railroad also are close
to the pioneer course for the better
part Of 1000 miles.
Evening star., 1948-09-05

tgon, and that wasn't counting the
children who died en- route, the
wives who made their husbands
! turn back amid all the dreary OBJ
stacles.
| Almost 5000 persons made the
journey in 1S47, starting from In
dependence, Mo-, or thereabouts. 1t
usually took them five months.
The trail ran along the Platte
River in Nebraska and wyoming,
where the greatest threat was from
hostile Indians. Each night the
wagons were drawn up in circle
for defense. However, the Indians
were not as dangerous in real life
as they later became in fiction and
film.
Fort Laramie, 667 miles from the
Missouri River, was a customary
resting place. Here the land was
more hilly. South Pass offered an
Evening star., 1948-09-05
Century Old Oregon Trail Still Visible to Travellers

w. G. Paden, commenced
to seek out the old route. With
his wife and son, Mr.. Paden spent
many summers retracing it, Ir
1943 Mrs. Paden published an &C
count of their adventures under
the title, The Wake of the Prairie
Schooner" The Padens found the
trail still is marked by relics Of
the great trek-scars on the land
carvings on rocks in forgotten can.
yons, abandoned iron wagon tires
OK yokes and even cookstoves dis
carded to tighten pioneer loads.
The accompanying map is basec
on one prepared this year by thu
Oregon State Highway Commission
which had access to the field re-
search Of the Paden family and
their associates in their hobby OF
retracing the overland trail.
(Distributed nv the Associated PresS)
Evening star., 1948-09-05
World Affairs Take
Optimistic Turn
By Hal O'FIoherty

A refreshing change occurred II
world affairs last week. News Of
agreements and solutions of ole
problems came like cool breezes fol.
lowing a heat wave.
An END to the Russian blockade
of Berlin, with rapid drop II
East-West tension was limited, but
many other factors were optimistic
From Zurich, Switzerland, came
reports of an agreement between
Switzerland and the American anc
British occupation zones in Ger.
many.
A long list OF favorable reports
have been published, of which >tht
following are typical:
British exports set new record.
Steel production in the United
States up toward new high.
World crop reports all favorable.
Japan's agriculture attains pre-.
war normal in production.
Benelux countries prepare tc
make their union complete.
German businessmen in Russian
zone allowed to trade with West.
On top of these isolated items is
layer of news of an intangible
quality but favorable in effect. Mar
shall Plan funds are being distrib-
uted after a long debate on quotas
tChicaso Daily News Foreizn Service
Evening star., 1948-09-05
Democrats Start off With Split Support

ate seats in half dozen States now
represented by Republican Senators
Minnesota, Kentucky, Illinois
Oklahoma, West Virginia and wy
oming. On the other side Of the
fence the Republicans have chances,
they believe, of winning Democratic
senatorial seats in Montana, New
Mexico, Colorado and Rhode Island.
The country is prosperous, with
great employment and production,
Notwithstanding high costs Of living.
Rarely is a political party in power
thrown out under such conditions.
This is one of the main reliances Of
the Truman ticket for victory. On
the other hand, and for myriad
Of reasons, the country is tired and
wants a change Of administration.
It Is worried over the foreign sit
uation and the lack Of real peace in
the world, and is inclined TO blame
the party now handling its foreign
relationx
Evening star., 1948-09-05

publicans, for their part, will have
ample funds. Contributors of cam
paign funds love a winner-ano
many Of them expect Dewey to
win.
Many Seats at Stake
At stake in the coming election,
in addition to President and Vice
President, are all 435 seats in the
House and one third of the Senate's
So seats. The present make UP OF
the House is 246 Republicans, 1877
Democrats and q American Labor
Party members from New York.
The Senate has 81 Republicans and
IS Democrats. The congressional
battle will be hard fought. If Gov.
Dewey is to win in a big way. the
Republican membership of the
House will be increased, and the
Senate viii remain Republican
though by,a still narrow margin. The
Democrats are hoping to win Sen
Evening star., 1948-09-05
Crump Decline Still
Debated in Memphis
By Ronald Autry

MEMPHIs, Tennis E. H.
Crump's political organization Oh
the way out, or did it suffer only
momentary weakness?
That's a question often debated
In this bailiwick of the colorful
veteran politician who has welded
influence throughout the State for
years.
Crump's candidates for United
States Senator and Governor were
beaten in the August Democratic
primary. Even Shelby County
(Memphis) turned in a sizable vote
against them.
Crump was the main issue-and
he suffered his worst defeat.
The campaign brought into the
spotlight another well-organized
political group in Shelby County.
Many had never actively opposed
Crump before.
The new group is known as the
Citizens Committee. 1t helped
nominate Representative Estes Ke-
fauver for Senator 1t is composed
of seven business and professional
men and one woman. It's candidate
Jagged only 10000 votes behind in
Shelby. which invariably gives lop-
sided majority to Crump men.
How hard the committee will fight
Crump is yet to be determined. But
it's almost certain that Gordon
Browning will be engaged in ter
rife struggle with him during the
next two years. Mr.. Browning was
elected Governor with Crump sup
port in 1886. but they split. He was
beaten for reelection and he's been
fighting Crump ever since. He isn't
likely to stop now.
Crump has not conceded any per-
sonal defeat in the primary. He
says he isn't thinking of retiring
He still has a warm friend in Sen
ator Mcclellan. Officeholders are on
his side. and he is allied with many
political figures in the State.
/ Crump blamed his defeat on the
labor vote and tha sales tax. He
said ne had warned Gov. Jim Nc
Cord, whom he backed for re-elec-
ton, about that sales tax.
/ But. If you listen to political talk
in various circles here, you hear
that other things also contributed
to Crump's defeat.
! distributed By the Associated PressJ
Evening star., 1948-09-05

, Low-fying planes give the best
view of what little remains OF the
original Oregon Trail as seen from
the air, old wagon ruts stand out
en- the prairie.
AS organized in 1848, the Oregon
Territory included the States of
Washington and oregon. The trail
SHOWN on the accompanying map
made the Federal territory possible,
because over it settlers from the
United States had streamed into
the Northwest when all the land
north of the Columbia River still
was claimed by Great Britain.
Oregon fever" spread and In
l842 hundred men and women
praved the Indian tribes, the dan
gerous river crossings and the noun
tain passes of the trail. In 1845
it brought more than 1000 to Ore
Evening star., 1948-09-05

easy crossing to the Green River
in present-day wyoming. and Fort
Bridger. Thereafter came the for
ests, mountains and rocky gorges
of the Idaho section, most difficult
on the entire route.
Though the Oregon country re-
ceived impetus from the accounts
sent back by Protestant missionaries
traders and soldiers in the 1830s and
'4Os, the trail itself dates from 1872
according to one of its greatest his
torians. That year the Astor Fur
Trading Co., which, had an outpost
on the Columbia, sent party east
ward by land with dispatches. This
group pioneered for almost its en-
tire length what was to become the
oregon Trail 80 years later.
Long after 1t had been abandoned
in favor of regular highways and
railroads, a California school super
Evening star., 1948-09-05
Continued From Page CID

this respect the Democrats are in
an unenviable position-except inso-
far as Government propaganda
agencies may be used to further
their campaign. Southern Demo-
Gratis are fatty declining to put up
money for Trumans election. In
deed, it is predicted that the Dixie
crat national ticket will be better
financed SO far as that section of
the country is concerned than will
the Truman-Barkley ticket. The
Democrats must rely, therefore,
upon the funds which the labor
organizations are able to raise and
throw into the campaign for Tru-
man and Democratic members of
Congress. Indeed, these labor or
ganizations will be looked upon for
greater contributions Of money and
work than Democratic organizations
In some Of the states. The Re-
Evening star., 1948-09-05

dentists. Such provision was in
cluded in the draft bill it sent to
the Capitol this year, but was elimi-
mated in the legislation enacted.
The new bill will not mention doc
tors and dentists specifically, but
they will be included in a general
lied provision which would give the
President authority to draft men
with specialized technical and pro-
fessional skills.
ANA Sees Exaggeration
Recognizing that an expanded
Army will call for more doctors, the
American Medical Association has
set up committee with the func-
ton of determining how many will
be needed and devising methods OF
stimulating enlistments to avoid the
necessity for drafting doctors.
| But the ANA is convinced the
Army now, as it did during the last
war, is oyerestimating its need for
doctors. During the war the Army
was overstaffed with doctors to such
extent that there was serious
morale problem among medical Off
GERS who had nothing to do.
A few figures are illuminating
During the war the Army had one
doctor for every ITO men in uni
form. That left one doctor for every
500 persons in the civilian popula-
ton. Now the Army has one doctor
for every 300 men in uniform; the
civilian population one doctor fol
every 975 persons. What the Army
wants is to increase its present staff
of 5000 doctors to $500, which woule
mean one doctor for every 1S0 mer
in uniform
Dr.. James c. Sargent of MilWau'
kee is chairman of the ANA Coun.
Gil on National Emergency Medica
Service, set up to determine the
need for Army doctors and means Of
providing them.
Council Head Doubts Shortage
Il doubt there is shortage ol
doctors in the Army now DR.. Sar'
gent said. There is no doubt thai
as the Army expands, it will neeo
more doctors, but how many more is
the question.
"Is is very clear that in the last
war the Army inducted far more
doctors than it needed. That re-
duced the number of doctors avail
able to the civilian population to
the point where we were on the
verge of disaster, and would have
experienced disaster if, for instance
there had been a flu epidemic COM
parable to that of 1918, or if there
had been any substantial number ol
civilian casualties"
Dr.. Sargent was asked why g
peacetime Army, expanded under
the draft, should require, as the
Army says it requires, virtually the
same proportion of doctors to men
in uniform it had during a shooting
war, when, by almost common con-
sent. it had more doctors than it
needed.
None of us can understand 1t, y
said Dr. Sargent. I'VE really haven't
got the basic figures necessary to
determine what the Army does need
what is the proper ratio of doc
tors to men in uniform
The Army, possibly because 1t Is
sensitive to the criticism occasioned
by its overstaffing of the Medical
Corps in the last war. is now aban-
doning talk of ratio of doctors and
soldiers.
But given fixed number OF SOL
Evening star., 1948-09-05
ANA Thinks Army Seeks
Too Big a Medical Corps
Says Need for Doctors Was Overestimated
During War, and Disproportionate
Number Now Is Being Sought
By Joseph HonIon

doesn't think has enough doctors to take care OF its
gavey concerned where will get the
additional administer to the needs OF an Army
and Air Force authorized strength by the draft
Nothing said about but it understood the Army
authority draft doctors and
Evening star., 1948-11-28
1AdoeseiDSsusenf

Fitch Dandruf Remover Shampoo dandrpf both
the loose Aa kind other people e and invisible itching
kind tes It's the shampoo made with company
danduf the first application Enjoy spark
ling hair hats free of all dandru Have applications
beauty barber shops buy economical Fitch Dandrua
Remover Shampoo drug counters.
fhek 10 hom.
pesjs tsbs. jsr bottle SssdrgR completely
Evening star., 1948-11-28

FINISHED HAiasYvLE I. soft.
q lovely and spsrtlins with neutral
hiehlishss. Hair 10 free Of aH dsndrvH.
end easy 70 msnsss.
Evening star., 1948-06-27
By Alexander J. Wedder
cvrotor Of Photography
The Smithsonion Institution


The Smithsenion Institution
Of the camera will be greatly mag
nified on the screen.
AS with any other camera, you
will have to pay close attention to
your exposure. This will be de-
termined by the speed of the CAM
era, the opening of your lens, the
amount of light available and the
speed Of the film that you are using.
The normal speed for your camera
will be Is frames per second. This
will give you normal-appearing mo-
ton on the screen. Occasionally
you may run into situation where
the light is insufficient to obtain a
good exposure. In this case you
can slow your camera speed to eight
frames per second, provided that
the subjects are warned to slow
down their movements. Otherwise
the reduced camera speed will re-
suit in an unnatural acceleration
of movement in the subjects. You
may wish to slow down the motion
of the subjects. This can be done
easily by setting your camera speed
up to "a. 80 or 81 frames per second
Change Lens Opening.
Whenever these changes in cam
era speed are made, a correspond
ing change must be made in the
lens opening to obtain the same
relative exposure that you had when
shooting at 16 frames per second.
If your normal exposure under given
conditions Is Is frames at fill, a
change over to frames per second
will call for lens opening of f:16;
and a camera speed Of "a frames
per second will call for a lens stop
of f:8, and so on.
Then. since your camera speed will
remain constant under ordinary con-
ditions. you will be governed largely
by the speed of the film you have
and the amount of light available.
1t will be a good idea to carry a
magazine or two of color film since
it is so easy to switch over. But don't
shoot part of your story in color
and part in black and white as the.
Evening star., 1948-06-27
End Of Tax Exemption
In Services Scored

The failure of Congress to extend
beyond December 81 the $500 mill
tary service income tax exemption
has caused "consternation" among
top defense oficials, the authoritative
but unofficial Army and Navy Reg
ister said yesterday.
The paper quoted one unnamed
official as saying: Frankly, I am
amazed. At the very moment that
we are attempting to induce quail
flied persons to make the services a
career, Congress has taken from us
one of the most powerful induce
ments"
Lack of the exemption will cost
service personnel approximately
s247 900, 900, the paper estimated, OF
which S10OO00.000 will come from
Navy personnel. 1t added that
nearly 80 per cent would be borne
by enlisted men.
1T has been estimated that the
additional tax burden levied on Of
f1cers will be a minimum of $500 per
year or s25 month and that the
minimum taxation on enlisted per-
sonnel will be roughly $50 per year, y
it added.
Evening star., 1948-06-27
Camera Angles
Popularity of 8.mm. Cameras Grows
# 8mm cne- Bv Alexander Wedderburn will never look g

will never look good spliced together
In the same Aim.
At the end OF q days shooting
be sure that there is no tension left
on the activating spring Take out
the magazine, If not completely shot
allow the camera to run down and
then replace the magazine If you
wish.
In addition to the accessory lenses
you will also find full line of filters
pola screen attachments, titlers, etc.
available for use with the 8-mm
camera. In fact, after you have
learned to edit and splice, all you
will need to produce movies equally
as good as the 16-mm. film is the
patience and perseverance necessary
to doing any job well. Any we'll
made camera, regardless of size, is
capable OF turning out movies that
you will be proud of, If it is properly
used. And nowadays the 8's have
reached that stage Of perfection
where any one should be proud to
own and operate one.
Evening star., 1948-06-27
PISA Approves Plan
For Lecture Series

Plans for . national lecture pro.
gram have been approved by the
Board of Directors of the Photo
graphic Society of America for the
purpose OF presenting outstanding
speakers on photography and re-
lated subjects in various sections OF
the country under PISA and local
auspices. William E. Chase of st.
Louis, Mo, has been appointed
chairman of the program commits
tee.
Under the direction of Chairman
Chase, p. H. Oelman of Cincinnati.
Ohio, a fellow OF the society. adj
dressed camera club and PISA MEM
Der groups in the Midwest and on
the Pacific Coast during late March
and early April.
Evening star., 1948-06-27
Adams to Speak
To Movie Makers

Agriculture Amateur Movie Max
ers will meet tomorrow night at
o'clock to hear Paul Adams, heac
of the Bell & Howell service de-
partment. speak on New Develop
ments in Movie making Equipment
Mr.. Adams will also conduct an
equipment demonstration.
Another feature of the evening
session which will be held in the
home of Charles H. Cunningham
3649 Greenway drive Sc. will be
showing of two 16-mm. color films
from the American Youth HoStelS
Evening star., 1948-06-27
Portrait Review

The portrait class OF the Ma
tional Photographic Society will hold
special demonstration for the en-
tire membership. models and the
public Wednesday at 8:15 pm. in
the Natural History Building of the
Smithsonian Institution, Tenth
street and Constitution avenue. The
portrait unit, which has been under
the leadership of P. F. Lambert
will put on a display Of portraits
in both monochrome and color
Photographic equipment, including
items of special interest to por-
traitists, will be shown. The group
will also conduct series of demon
strations with special models and
equipment.
Today, members will join the
Camera Strollers on their visit to
Dumbarton Oaks.