davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-06-23

in stock; If and 20 penny common
mails, sl4 per kes; 4xs fr plyvood. II. 50
$sc 50. It.; -; Soc So, t.: DRY white pine
shelving, 15c board foot: white asbestos
shingles. S12.50 So: gray mottled asbestos
shingles. S11.5o so.; 210 lbs. asphalt
SHINGLES red. green, BLACK. So So; clear
se ply5soTd osh she,,inF ,aoF,ns at 1se g.
: or i paneied fr doors. $500 each: fush
doors, SIC, 80 each; bronze screen wire, 10c
50. IT.. 6" redwood siding. l5c board it.:
s" redwood siding, lie board IT.: amazing
KimSul insulation, 16 and "a in. double
purchases. BALTIMORE LUMBER CO, Ii.
1886: 1000 New York ave. ne.
million brick large ceiling mirrors, am
cabinets. cook stoves, plumbing all kinds;
heating plants: radiation; FIRE escapes,
and others: salesman on premises. 1902
1914 Connecticut ave-: hundreds Of bar
gains at yards. ARROW. HOO s. Capitol
sulDiNG Materials Must be sold.
.hsie Mps Esis aona so
thousand. Ga. pine, 2xl0, 16 and Is IT.,
SO per thousand Wooden paneline. 10e
per So. IT. T., and 9. sheathins, S55 Per
thousand. Arched easement windows, Sc
ea. Fire extinRuishers 81 ca. Heavy
inlaid linoleum. SC per sq. #. Many
other bargains in framing lumber. plumb
ing fixtures. steel beams, etc. Wrecking
Arcadia. ABCD CORP, 3132 14th st. NV.
Phone NO 747s LsIse SELECTION 2; BID.
Davis hwy. Arlington. Phone IA. 1904.
Evening star., 1948-06-23

noas RaasS balt aifoispf sRhs! emSodss
s %s ona ssspSs sed .so sRts s
biiity and eye appealing case designs
in mahogany. walnut, ebony. light oak
WoReH. sno SElna ss5 se1a g nnisR. n.R. A''uS.
PIANO. mahogsny spinet. signify slight useo, Ea
, sS yiy straes in GssH1 presd
MUSIC Co, 1880 q st NV. -2G a,
7th St. NV. is the Exclusive local agent for
such ine makes as Mason d Hamlin,
Chickerlng. Musette, Story clark, George
lection of STYLES and types. Pay as little
e $40 dSgn sssnes on easy terms NA
PixNos-Pay only a moderate price for
e sa As xe Esos psno ue
Come in. see, hear and play the stsinway,
Kimball, Gulbransen, sohmer, Jesse French,
Saes soes .nd iad sfsnds Gen1Sef pfces low ss5
Convenient terms and senerous auoW-
aSsc '05 co. your los sd D'an9 s NV obnrs 81 s5
PIANOS-steinway. See the famous
trsde-in allowance on your old piano. Com
steinx.y, KimssI. sohmsS: Gable: GaI-
MUSIC CO, HOS G st. NV, DI. s464.
&c
piano The Kimbal consolette with the
three exclusive tone touch features Is amaz-
insly low nriesd for ne Piano P.. Come y
and . liberal trade-in given on your old
piano. We also have . hne selection OF
dependanble used grand pianos. CAMP
BELL MUSIC CO.. 11os 9 st. NV, ex.
elusive Steinway dealer. DI. s464. -26
PlANOS-Phone Mr. Sycle at Republic
6ai. II you are interested in = slightly
used spinet or console Of GOOD make.
KITS, 1880 q st. NV. -oS
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1948-03-26
HOSPITAL NOTES

AD-7TID
hrs. RI TIL Custer
si11a; Yrs. Lewis
ard r'ade, Palmer;
Mrs. June Granger
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1948-03-26

~asilla; jim wills son, Va
Todd, Palmer; Frs. Rich
Harold D. Fa1k, Palmer;
Paine
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
HERE a UHH|

The age-old story Of the Resur-
reetion took new meaning for the
family of 81 year old colored
war veteran MANNED last week as
he tried to capture a prowler in
the Charters Village Housing pro-
Jeet. His name is Preston Terry,
whose left leg was torn off when
he was dragged by the providers
car Hundred Of citizens of all
races, started a drive TO provide
funds for an artificial leg, and TO
keep him and his family until the
was able TO work again. To bright
en- the day for Terrys family still
further, outstanding Civic leaders
OF the white race carrierd the
traditional Easter basket and bum
ny for Terry's six year old daught-
err, Constance, and they were fea-
tured on the front page Of the
leading city daily paper and the
paper said, Mrs Terry" and not
"Rebecca" as often used by news
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

Louis.
She has been a member of the
National Beauty Culture League
since 1929 and conducts clinics
throughout the United States. She
holds a license in each OF nine
states.
Mrs. Patterson is said to be the
first Negro woman to do marcel
ling in this state. She received
her inspiration to enter the pro-
fession in 1926 while working as
an elevator operator in this city.
One of the patrons of this ele-
vator made remarks about how
much she paid for her marcel and
her permanent wave. AS soon as
she could get off her shift, Mrs.
Patterson went to a white estab-
lishment where she had been ad-
vised to 60 to receive advice about
studying for the vocation. After
waiting long and vainly for some
recognition there, she noticed a
magazine on the art, and on look
ing through it, ran across adver-
tisements of schools which Of
fered courses in beauty culture.
She copied these advertisements
and waited no longer for the time
of ignoring TO pass, went straight
home and made arrangements to
attend school in Chicago, III.
To get the money for this trip.
she drew out all her meager, hard
earned savings and sold out some
See BEAUTY-paGe four
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

OPENING OF NEW CllNlC-Scott-It should be a proud
anniversary date for Dr. Arthur Hicks Sunday April H.
that date the 44th anniversary of the beloved physician will
coincide with the formal opening of the Samuel Hicks Clinic
and Health Center which extends through Sunday and Monday
April IL and H. Dr. Clyde Iawlah of Pine Bluff president
the State Medical Dental and Pharmaceuta Association will
be the main speaker for the OCCASION In addition program
which brings to the community advice and counsel from
pes in the medical profession there has also been arranged
program of health practices and items including track events
ball games and other recreaonal features particularly in
tended for the young folk and others who enjoy them
Barbecue catfish and fried chickens will served free to
those attending An suspicious opening for suspicious
stituon, and another busy chapter in the life of
healer Top photo shows Dr. Hicks inspecting his clinic
nearing completion while of his patients travel
led miles to get the services of the noted surgeon pose with
the physician Below shows the spacious home Hcses
Dr. Hicks is shown again on the from steps of his home
!. .s t..... Press photo
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
NAAcP Urges End
To Army Jim Grow

New York, N. Y.-Warning that
the Negro veterans memories
of mistreatment in the last war
are bitter green. Walter White,
secretary OF the National Asso-
citation for the Advancement of
Colored People, last Thursday,
april d. wired Senator Wayne
Morse re-affirming the Associa-
tons fight for the abolition of
the vicious and undefnocratic dis
elimination and segregation in the
armed services"
AT the same time Mr.. White
sent a memorandum to the Asso-
cations 1000 branches in A
states asking that they urge their
senator's and representatives vote
against any universal military
training or draft legislation which
does not prohibit racial segrega-
ton and discrimination"
In a wire to Senator Morse, Mr.
White made it clear that our
Association is not advising Ne
groes to refuse to defend their
country if it is in danger How
ever, he pointed out that Negro
See JIM CROW-page four
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
ANDA Meets. Maps
Plans For May
State Convention


The attached excerpt is taken
from an address delivered by Dr.
j, M. Robinson. President, to the
Executive Committee of the Ark
ansas Negro Democratic Associa.
ton. April End. 8 p. m. at the Y.
W. c. A, at which time eighteen
CID Black-belt counties were rep
resented on the committee. Fol-
lowing the address, the President
stated that the State Central Com
mittee had been requested to
make provision for at least two
90 Negro alternates at large to
the National Convention to be
held in Philadelphia. For some
reason this request was ignored
Amid the controversial circum-
stances now existing, he suggest.
ed that we elect five go Con-
gressional delegates TO the Nat.
See ANDA MEETS-page four
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
Jackie Robinson
To Get Award

Brooklyn, N. Y. (G)-Jackie
Robinson, Branch Hickey and
Ford Frick, National League
prexy, will be among the recip-
tents Of the Thomas jefferson A.
wards for The Advancement of
Democracy, at a dinner to be
given by the Council against In
tolerance in America. April II, at
the Waldorf-Astoria hotel in New
York.
Others slated 10 receive the a.
wards at the same time, include
Dore Schary, Daryl F. zannuck
Clarence Dewent, Sinclair Lewis,
Laura z. Hobson, Bill Mauldn,
Norman Cousins and Bruce Bliv.
en-.
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
Radio Mixes NAACP
Request for Time
To Answer Dixie

New York. N. Y. (G)-When
the Mutual Broadcasting Com
pany granted the Southern sem
ators and governors three half
hours TO answer President Tru-
mans Four point Civil Rights pro-
posals, the NAACP requested e.
quail time to reply TO the rebelli-
Gus Southerners.
But Mutual sees no reason TO
grant equal time. given to answer
a controversial broadcast So Abe
Schechter, head of News and
Special Events, turned down the
request, on the ground that the
network felt that Mr.. Truman's
Civil Rights spoke adequately for
the NAACPs side of the story.
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
J|MCR0W DRAFT May RESULT
CIVIL D|S0BED|ENCE PR0CAN
IGIVEIT-ASI GETIT

IT happened on a Capital
City Transportation Company
brs last week enroute from the
Pulaski Height run to the So.
Main end. At Fifth and Main
streets, a colored lady boarded
the bus and went directly to
the section provided for her
under4 the Arkansas jimcrow
customs.
The lady seated herself on
y vacant seat. leaving several
vacant seats for the white pas
sengers In the event any
boarded the bus. The m0t0r-
man noticed . vacant seat in
the extreme rear Of the bus,
and ordered the lady TO move
on back 10 the rear seat. The
lady having complied already
with the antebellum custom Of
sthe southland, ignored the op-
rrator completely, thereby in
juring his white supremacy.
It wss evident that this pro-
voked the motorman to no
ANAL degree by his actions Ia
ter. when he stopped the bus
between Sixth and Seventh
streets on Main, and approach
ed the lady with a-few-years-
ago Hitler-like fury: Il told
you to take that back seat
Truman amt on THIS bus"
At this instance. he was faced
with . Negro man, who had
sxhouldered gun on foreign
earth for the rights Of the la
.dy to sit anywher she pleased.
The Negro had armed himself
with a knife, and the business
end was ready TO leave its
mark, at least the motor
man got that impression. when
the Negro averred: Dammit to
He'll, Laney amt on here Ell
Their. Results: the lady remain
ed seated, and the motorman
returned TO be skipper once
more after discovering he had
met somebody who was who he
thought he was, and remain
ed quiet ever after.
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

another gun for democracy abroad
while they are denied democracy
here at home. declared:
Negro leaders In close touch
with CT grievances would feel
derelict in their duty II they did
not support such a justified civil
disobedience movement-especial-
ly those of US protected by age
from being drafted. Any other
course would be a betrayal OF
those who place their trust in us."
4 shall tell youth of all races
not to be tricked by any euphon-
ious election year registration for
draft act" he continued. This
evasion. which the newspapers in
creasingly discuss as a CONVENIENT
way out for Congress, would
merely presage synthetic crisis
Immediately after November End
when all talk of equality and civil
rights would be branded unpat-
riotic while the induction mach.
inery would move into high gear.
On previous occasions I have
seen the national emergency psy-
choiogy NOV down legitimate Ne
gro demands. -
From coast to coast in my trav.
els shall call upon all Negro
veterans to join this civil disobed.
fence movement and to recruit
their younger brothers in an or
sanized refusal to register and be
drafted. ! shall appeal to the
thousands Of white youths In tho
schools and colleges who are to-
day vigorously shedding the pre-
JUDGES Of their parents and pro-
fessors. shall urge them to DEM
onstrate their solidarity with Me-
gro youth by ignoring the entire
registration and induction mach
inery. And finally I shall appeal
to Negro parents to lend their mo-
raj support to their sons--to stand
behind them as they march with
heads high to federal prisons a.
telling demonstration to the
world that Negroes have reached
the limit Of human endurance
that, in the words of the spiritual,
we'll be buried in our graves be-
fore we will be slaves"
The head Of the AL Pullman
Porters Union was followed on
See RANDOLPH-page eight
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
Mrs. Ingram Awaits
Judges Decision

NEW WORTHWHILE awaiting the decision Judge Will
nam M Harper on the motion for trial Rose Lee
ingram this week issued statement from prison cell in
Americas, Ca authorizing the National Association for the
Advancement of Cooed People ito complete and exclusive
charge of the defense of myself and my sons Wallace
Lee and Samme Lee Ingram which we have been
convicted Oh murder IN the Superior Court Of Schley Co.. Ca
'oo"ms argument last week trial. Judge Harper announced
NY NANr aorheS or new that he would
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
Nations Leaders
To Co-Sponsor
S. Y. LEGISLATURE

More than so lawyers. educa.
tors, sociologists and ministers
have already placed their names
on the list of sponsors for the
Southern Youth Legislature under
the sponsorship of the Southern
Negro Youth Congress, to be held
in Birmingham, Alabama, April
30 to May Q.
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

went FORWARD 10 empty his pocks
cts of $3.50 in response to an ap.
peal for funds, the crowd con.
tributed $l40 in the collection.
The meeting voiced approval not
only Of wires to Gov. M. e.
Thompson of Georgia and Pres
ident Truman demanding they
save Mrs. Migrants life and free
dom. but also of messages to Gov.
Jester of Texas asking him 10
make good on his declaration
that "the South could take caro-
Of Its problems" by Intervening
See H0UsT0N--pase four
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
PRESS PRAISES
IBlAMES NAACP

New York, NJ Y.--The recent
lreaffirmation from southern plat
forms Of the anti-segregation pos
ition Of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People brought both praise and
condemnation from the nations
: See PRAISES-page four
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
Negroes Will Not Take Jimcro
Draft Lying Down, randolph

Passage of jmcrow draft may only result in mass civil
movement among Negroes aong Gandhan nes
the Senate Armed Services mittee was told bv Phin
doh national treasurer of the Committee Against Jcrow in
Military Service and Training 27 W. 125th St. New York City,
statement Randph
announced
pledge
~s"'-
not to
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

Mrs. velma b. Simms, presi-
dent Of Velvia's School Of Beau
~ Culture and one OF Arkan-
sas' leading beauticians. will
demonstrate Daisy's Cold Wav-
A-Curl at the State Beaulicians
Convention each day at 2 p. m.
during the meeting time, April
Ills. Velvia's School Of Beau
ty Culture Is one Of the young
est In the state, but has made
wonderful progress under the
direction Of Mrs. Simms. She
has specialized in cold waving
for a number of years, and Is
considered among the best in
the field. Don't miss the Daisy's
Cold Wave demonstration.
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
HOUSTON BEATING AIRED
AT MEETING FOR |NGRAMS

HOUSTON, Texas-One of the most spirited and militant
meetings In recent held here March when more
than 100 cooed and white people the Clio Food
and Tobacco Workers Hall to cheer speakers and
on the case of Mrs. Rosa Ingram and her age boys
fenced to the electric chair in Elavile Georgia. "
Led by 10 .sek-
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

Mrs. Patterson holds eight GER
tificates earned by studying the
various phases of beauty culture
in eight establishments, six color
ed and two white. She was elect
ed second president of the
National Association in Memphis
and third president in St.
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

BEAUTY PlUS-Among the beautiful girls of Little Rock
with smooth brown compilations lovely is Miss
Alma Reeves who flew in recently from Los Angeles Cali
fornia via American Arnes to visit her mother Mrs. A. W.
feaVes 2423 Spring street who Is seriously ill., Miss
graduate of Dunbar Hi School Junior College, She
taught as substitute for at Gibbs and has resided
Los Angeles for IL where she assistant
foreman in an exclusive tailor shop for the past years
she active in YWCA work. and during the affiliated
with the USO and Mobile Service Unit served as voun
tee with the Red Cross in several rehabilitation
eaves Will return to Calf in the future photo
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09
MRS. MARY ELLEN PATTERSON TO PRESIDE OVER
ARKANSAS BEAUTlClANS C0NFAB HERE FOR Week


for its president
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

papers here and there ........ Over
and above the gifts of goods and
money which poured in for the
family was the spiritual lift they
received from the Unrest shown
in the plight by the entire com
munity both white and colord. So
the Resurrection of Jesus took on
new meaning for the humble fam.
lily in the steel city and Preston
and his family will be provided
for from gifts and offerings by a
cimmunity where there can be
demonstrated the spirit Of the Res
directed Christ.
Philadelphia - Gov. James II.
Duff will be honored by Negro
and white leaders here in the
CITY of Brotherly Love- on April
20, as the first recipient of a new
YMCA award.
See HERE and THERE--page 2
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

that he would reserve his decis-
ion which he said he would hand
down within the next few days.
See INGRAM-page four
Arkansas State press., 1948-04-09

Following argument last week
by NAACP attorneys for a new
Evening star., 1948-10-09
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

CANDY STORE. soda fountain and gift
shop, beautifully decorated, modern foun-
tam and furnishings; located in the. Be-
thesda Bowling Center Bldg. 1851 Old
Georgetown I'd; beautifully decorated store
with entrances to bowling alleys and street;
showing a fair return; priced right for a
quick sale; terms can be arranged for re-
sponsible party. Call OWNER, Ma $500.
MANUFACTURING PLANT-A very COM
plete machine shop for production or ex-
press; owner in III health; no reasonable
9fer refused. Call FIR. 1923 or VI. S773
for appointment 10
HARDWARE-An outstanding location for
hardware store in northeast "Park-and-
Shop" currently serving several Thousand
customers daily. Store 30x65, with some
basement storage. Partial corner exposure
Long term percentage lease available to
experienced tenant. River Terrace Co,
Neighborhood 8 and 1O-Above store
equally desirable for 5 and 10, handling
lines noncompetitiye with adjoining drus
store. RIVER TERRACE CO., owners
343b Bennings rd. ne. 1R. $500 10
CoLoRED-ROOMING HOUSE; rms.
available End floor; hot-water heat; q
car garage; selling business A. s.
LAWRENCE. $50 2lst ST. NV. Elk. 1873
Evening star., 1948-10-09
hELP DOMESTIC tcont. !,

WOMAN, settled, care of 5-mo infant, no
housework, in suburban home; refs. re-
Quired; room, board. plus 500 mo. Ask
operator for Marlboro 3447 ewes. between
WOMAN (white), care small house and
IL mo. girl; / "a days of, pvt room; $50
per week. Box 459-A, Star. 10"
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. colored waitress
for private home, Georgetown. Telephone
End GIRL. live out; some cleaning, serv-
ing and laundry, Bendix washer and drier;
must be exper. and have local refs; S25
a wk. Call EN-. 6669. IA
LOVELY ROOM. BOARD. small salary, for
refined lady twhitel. in exchange for as
sistance with INV. and care of chill
SETTLED WOMAN (white). gh.w., small
gentle family; conv. close-in location;
2nd-fioor large room; board and $40 mo.
SETTLED WOMAN for general housework
and care of child; live in. Call RA. 7542.
ELDERLY LADY, colored to take care of
child 20 mos old in exchange for room,
board and small salary. TR. O295.
EXPERT COOK-HOUSEKEEPER, to cou-
pie in apartment. Dupont Circle area.
With highest refs. from 1st-class Wash
ington private houses. No laundry. Good
wages TO very reliable, clean, high-type
person. Phone NO. 1892 daily before IL
m. or evenings 10
Evening star., 1948-10-09
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

FOR A QUICK SALE and all cash, II
priced right, for your rooming house,
boarding house, hotel or any other kind
Of business, Cali MIR. YOUNG, 81. 1888
DIRECT FROM DEPARTING owner, beau
tiful home with income--14 rooms,
baths baths furniture, nlr near Dupont Circle
ss,, stone front pay for Itself while proyidins
Price. S32, 1000: down. s4,s00. 21os r
CEMETERY, colored, for sale; Va" city Of
200,000; SO acres in all, 43 acres divided
into. $4,000 burial sites unsold. truly
good investment. Price, $4,000. Box
oPPoRfHNirY fi1Aa sjsh KNOCKING, when YOU wle Can
trade your home In on home with an
income Of approx. $500 per mo- in this
tourist place; 9-rm. brick. center-hall
plan, 2 apis. and 3 large bedrmS., full
dry bsmt., oil h.-wh:; 2 cottages with 2
apts each and 2 cabins. All compl furn.;
sell, $45, 700. easy terms. ALVIN EPLING,
LAUNDERETTE and dry cleaning in O
machines, 60O-gal boiler, new bldg: S75
per mo- rent. long lease: gross income
S700-SS00 per mo-. only $500. ALVIN
EPLING., 5s0s Baltimore ave-. Hyattsville
WANTED, additional lines by active manu-.
facturers. Representatives now covering
the institutional and industrial accounts
BR1TE-sPoT PRoDUcTs CO, 1lSs Yer.
mont ave. NV, Washington 5, D. To-
Evening star., 1948-10-09
SITUATIONS WOMEN.

COLLEGE GRADUATE. major in sociology
and Spanish; desires inteTestins position;
coMfPaSIoS. 8 midds aaed, M whit White; iisht
housgiwork; live in, can drive. free to
DREssMAKER wants sewing. by day or
week. Y part "a xINn lime NE NE $3.50 -. g.
BRR fys sHwfs frv5s nT SPeeas hpt rfa5 ab
% fsss, ssSc5a D chiids has sss esFss hat iS ehesser
ion, as sales CLERK, Office WORK. typins;
Bes Eead If ss, eonsd5 MSS sonSe su H family gsa
GIRL. colored. 1s H st. Sc. desires bus
glrl. kitehhen helper Or nursemaid. Phone
INTERpRrrsR and or Translator, court
sonable, young lady. IS, speaks and
man, and French; good typist. call Eo
NURSE, practical, experienced: available
Pr cTICAL NURSE, eoiored. Experienced,
E!shes ab, any type case; references.
PRACTICAL NURSE. white. settled. de-
slres permanent adult case; reference
sALEsLADX, tsxslry store exPs5is1ss in
buyi7c references Boy 3@0-A. Star. los
SECRETARY, college education, II yrs. ex-
perlence IN private INDUSTRY. ablllty Will
justify, top salary, 5-day week. DU. 1886
RY-sTENoGRAPHER. over IS.
thoroughly exper. in gen. office work good
at figures. capable of assuming responsi-
Splendid dec Contacts refs. BOX Ok s4s-a xH S.af
STENOGRAPHER, expert, wishes part-time
work, 8 am. to pm, Mon through Fri;
10 years experience. TIE 4513. TO-
STENoG., wants, part-time work. eve.
pings ,les,l aftsr tea and all-day week-ends; Call
TYFlsT desires work to be done at heme
WOMAN, settled, practical nursing expert
ence, desires care Of bed patient; live in;
ExF iEeAL GSEE sTENoG. Md. notary law
CAPABLE WOMAN desires position, clerk,
typist, light dictation; knowledge sta tisti-
cal tables, excellent references. 81. 3l34.
SETTLED WHITE WOMAN, with health
certificate, excellent references, desires care
one child over. . yrs; $50 wk.; live in
Dupont 0644, 1870 to ) pm. TO-
REAL ESTATE-Renting. selling. prop
erty management, energetic woman wants
as resident panager of nice large build
ing or development; successful in manag-
ing help. Is years experience; well ed
ucated. can meet the public, own car for
transportation, no, family responsibilities;
pEEssenty ampiOyed but desire to make
JNfEREsTTNG Artist WORK desired by
British war bride. in States years. ex-
perienced Box lso-D, Star. : 10
Laundry; prefer suberbs; $50 wk. EN-.