davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Marshall
Continued Prom First Page.)

after q physical checkup which the
Secretary had at the hospital last
June. But because of the United
Nations General Assembly meeting
In Paris, the departemnt, said the
operation was delayed until today.
Gen. Marshall, who will be 68
years old December 81, few to Paris
in September for the opening Of the
U. N. meeting. He returned the next
month to report to President Thu
man and then went back to Paris
for further sessions until his return
to Washington two weeks ago.
Speculation on possible early re-.
tirement Of Gen. Marshall was re-
vived by the news that he had un-
dergone an operation. President
Truman said last week that he had
asked Gen. Marshall to remain as
Secretary Of State and that Gen.
Marshall agreed, but there was no
definite official word as to how long
he would remain.
Gen. Marshall appeared to be in
excellent health on his return here
from Paris. He carried on his duties
at the State Department for several
days after his arrival. but spent his
evenings at Walter Reed Hospital.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Nine. Chang
Continued From First Page)

besides Nine. Chang and Mrs. Mar
shall.
Reporters asked Mr.. Ross II the
President would have any other
conference with Nine. Chang He
replied, "AI know Is what ! have
announced-that Is the announce
ment."
The entirely social nature OF the
plans for Mr.. Truman's meeting
with Mime. Chang further empha-
sized the lack of enthusiasm IN
Official quarters here for the mis-
sion which brought her to this
country.
While sympathetic to the plight
Of Gen. Chiang's Nationalist gov
ernment in Its apparently losing
fight against Chinese Communists,
American ofacials are understood to
believe 1t would be impossible for
this country to provide increased
economic and military assistance to
the extent that would be effective
without risking too deep involve
ment Of the United States In the
Chinese war.
Mime. Chang Issues Statement.
Meanwhile, Nine. Chang said she
hopes that lessons taught by such
things as Pearl Harbor will provide
foresight to help save the civiliza-
ton Of the future"
She issued a statement on the an
niversary of the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor declaring that both
the American dead there and the
Chinese war dead gave their lives
for human liberty"
May we, the living" she said,
"do everything we can to forestau
another world war and to prevent
further enslavement of mankind y
Evening star., 1948-12-07
War Crimes
Continued From First Page)

from war crimes sentences meted
out by American military courts in
Germany, Justice Jackson held aloof
because of his role at Nuremberg as
chief Allied prosecutor. In those
cases the Supreme Court divided, 4
to 4, and-because O tie vote denies
an appeal-the sentences never were
reviewed by the tribunal.
In no event will the court pass on
the guilt or innocence Of the jap
anese. But 1t will hear arguments
December 16 on % whether 1t has
any power to intercede and, if so. (2)
whether the 11-nation war crimes
tribunal at Tokyo was legally set up.
In the case before it yesterday, the
court actually dealt with only two
Of the seven sentenced to hang and
only five Of the 18 who drew prison
terms.
The doomed men who appealed
from their November IL convictions
are Gen. Kenji Doihara, "a, an un-
dercover agent for the japanese
army in China and Manchuria, and
Koku Hirota, 10, former premier who
sat In on pre-Pearl Harbor strategy
talks.
Former Premier Hideki TOTO and
four others sentenced to hang asked
no intercession.
In q soul-searching, six-page
memorandum explaining his action,
Justice Jackson said he decided to
break the tie at court conference
hast Saturday. His hope, he said, Is
that further argument and hearing
will convert one or more of the
justices on one side or the other
from the views that have equally
divided them in the German cases. y
He added the hope that it will not
be necessary for him to vote in the
final decision. but he specifically
reserved the right to do so.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
BY the Asseeiatsd Press

HONOLULU, Dec. I've didn't
decide to ditch; we just ran out OF
altitude" said 1t. Col. William r.
Calhoun, C-A pilot downed in the
mid Pacific.
The ordeal Of 50 survivors waiting
for rescue In shark-infested water
was told calmly today by the Bir-
mingham (Ala0 Air Force officer.
The plane. with 81 men aboard,
was "ditched" in the Pacific 1900
miles southwest of Honolulu Sun
day morning. The SO survivors were
rescued by the escort carrier Rem
dova last night.
In a radiophone interview from
the Rendova, Col. Calhoun said his
7-man life raft carried from 16 to
18 men. They rotated in clinging
outside in the sea. He said sharks
were seen near the RATS up to the
time Of rescue.
I'VE had shark repellant aboard
the raft and used it at times to keep
they away" the pilot said.
He said only two RATS, each made
to hold seven men. were gotten out
of the plane and inflated. Each raft
carried more than double its ca
pacity.
This Is the way Col. Calhoun told
his story:
THE No. 4 engine was out and
was throwing oil at q rate OF gal
Ions every 8 minutes. So we
feathered the engine. About an
hour later No. engine developed
an oil leak and we ran out Of oil
and altitude.
I'VE notified all crew and pas
sengers to prepare for ditching.
"Au passengers and crewmen had
on life vests and had their safety
belts fastened. We had already jet
Evening star., 1948-12-07
30-Hour Work Week
Would Be Disastrous,
Coal Association Says
By jones Y. Newton

A 30.hour work week would be
disastrous to the coal industry and
the country" the National Coal As
sociation declared today, referring
to indications that John L. Lewis
United Mine Workers will seek
shortened hours in next years con-
tract talks with the mine operators.
The recent UNIV Convention
adopted a new contract program
calling for shorter hours and higher
pay, while resolutions were intro
duced setting the 30-hour portal-to-
portal work week as the unions goal.
Miners now spend 40 hours in the
mines, Of which about 71a hours
constitute travel and lunch time.
Under the 30-hour week, actual work
time would be reduced to about
22h hours.
Times Called appropriate"
William Blizzard, West Virginia
UNIV oficial, served notice also
at q Labor Department legislation
conference last week that Mr.. Lewis
would demand the 30-hour week In
contract talks next spring. The
present coal contract expires June
80, 1949.
In q bulletin to members, the
coal association also pointed out
that miners now put in only about
61a hours a day OF productive work.
Meanwhile the Justice Depart
ment said that the 81 ,42O, 900 in
contempt fines assessed on Mr..
Lewis and the UNIV for violating
q no-strike court order last April
were entirely appropriate"
The departments view was con-
tanned in a brief filed with the
United States Court of Appeals op-
posing an attempt by Mr.. Lewis and
his union to cancel the fines.
Deliberate Dis0bedience Seen.
The brief said there could be mo
question" that Mr.. Lewis "delib-
erately" disobeyed the strike-end
order of District Court Judge T.
Alan Goldsborough just as was done
a year earlier when Mr.. Lewis and
the union were fined total Of
$4,000.
PATIENTLY" the Government brief
said, "the appellants refused to learn
the lesson and substantially re-
peated their of1ense within the short
period of only approximately II
months
The doubled fine for the second
offense was fair, the brief added.
Judge Goldsborough fined Mr.. Lewis
sac, 900 and his union $1,400,0 900.
Evening star., 1948-12-07

Then the department announced
early last week that he was remain.
ing away from the ONCE for further
tests and examinations" at the hos
pital.
Gen. Marshall had striven to keep
completely secret the fact that he
was to undergo an operation. A re-
port was published last week that
doctors had found cyst on his KID
ney, but Gen. Marshall's associates
said this was news to them and in
sisted that so far as they knew Gen,
Marshall was in the hospital for .
purely routine checkup.
Charles G. Ross, the Presidents
press secretary, told reporters this
morning that the White House had
been informed Of the operation, but
that any news about Gen. Marshall's s
condition would have to come from
Walter Reed authorities. He said he
did not know whether Mr.. Truman
would visit Gen. Marshall in the
hospital.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
|C-54Not Ditched, Just Ran Out
OF Altitude, Pilot Declares

tisoned everything possible. Upon
impact with the water our life RATS
were torn loose and thrown through
the aircraft along with water bot
ties and other gear.
ITO the best of my belief all pas
sengers got out as well as all crew
members. Due to all lights failing
on the aircraft and to the life RATS
being torn loose only two life RATS
were saved and inflated.
1T is my belief two of the pas"
sengers became lost upon ditching
and never boarded the raft"
He said the plane stayed adoat
II minutes. During the night, he
said, a plane believed to be search
ing Bit approached the raft. Col.
Calhoun advised the crew to fire
flares until "the Bit realized we
were a life raft and had survivors
aboard"
He said he did not know that the
Bit dropped rescue boat until he
was taken aboard the Rendova.
All Is Inside at One Time.
Col. Calhoun said on his raft the
survivors varied personnel inside
and outside the raft" But at one
time all 1S were inside.
I'VE had some food and some
water" Col Calhoun said. How
ever, not knowing how long We would
be In the raft 1t was rationed to last
five days. We expected to be res
cued within that time. We all be-
lieved we all would be saved.
1--WE had sent our position report
and intention of ditching."
For the first "a hours Col. CAL
houn said he allowed no water at
all. He passed a ration OF only
three swallows on Monday before a
rescue plane sighted the survivors
in midafternoon.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Charter
Continued From First Page.)

have their names appear on the
ballot with Republican or Demo-
cratic Party designations.
City Exemptions Not Applicable.
"Ali factors In this case indicate
that this is not a wholly nonparti-
san election within the meaning and
spirit of the Hatch Act ="
the commission held.
In further explanation, the COM
mission said that generally speak
ing, political activity restrictions of
Section (a) prohibit Federal en-
ployes from taking active parts in
elections beyond casting their votes
and expressing their opinions.
Previously, the commission noted,
it had ruled favorably in permit
ting Federal workers to participate
actively in behalf Of or against
adoption Of the Montgomery Coun-
ty charter. This was because Sec
ton 10 permits participation in is
sues concerning general questions.
Now that the charter has been
adopted, that section no longer ap-
plies, the commission continued.
In other developments today
Charles x. Davies, jr., Gaithersburs
and Bethesda lawyer, became an
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Rescue
Continued From First Page.

and crashed into the ocean 1,200
miles southwest of Honolulu in the
early darkness last Sunday morning.
The two RATS we're lashed together,
1t. Col. william r. Calhoun OF
Birmingham, Ala, the planes pilot,
reported in a radiophone interview
from the Rendova.
A rescue plane found them be-
cause its navigator-Ensign l.. r.
johnson of Minneapolis-wanted to
make "just one more try" Ensign
johnson asked for the extra run
after 1t. Comdr. Steve G. Kona Of
Hammond, Ind. ordered his search
ing Privateer to turn back to its
Johnston Island base. In six min
utes on the extra search the life
RATS green dye marker was sighted
directly beneath the Privateer.
Believes All Got Out.
Comdr. Kona said the survivors
"were hanging on the gunwales-
half inside, half outside"
Col. Calhoun said to the best OF
his knowledge everybody got out
Of the plane when it hit the ocean
1900 miles southwest Of Honolulu.
Capt. James M. Lane of the Rem
dova radioed that two men went
down with the plane. He said an
other died Sunday night and q
Evening star., 1948-12-07
U. 5. Temperatures Normal; !;
65 Below in Yukon Town
by the Asss:icfsd Press

CHICAGO. Dec. 7.-Temperatures
leveld of to around normal marks
over most Of the Nation today. The
Weather Bureau said there wasn't
any extreme cold weather in the
United States, but there was In
Alaska.
The mercury was down to below
zero at Minot. N. OAK, the coun.
try's coldest spot. It was near zero
In some parts Of Montana and
from 10 above to freezing over most
OF the Midwest and Mountain
States.
Federal Forecaster J. Z. Hovde
had some colder weather data. At
midnight the mercury at Snag,
Yukon Territory, plunged to IS de-
grees below zero: it was 63 below at
Mayo, Yukon Territory. Higher
temperatures were reported at Daw-
son and Fairbanks, Alaska. The
readings there were 81 and Il below,
respectively.
Miami's balmy 50 yesterday was
the Nations highest mark.
Today's wet weather included
light snow in the Lake Superior re-
gion and rain In the coastal sections
of Washington, Oregon and North
ern California.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Management Society
To Hear Two Speakers

Members Of four chapters of the
Society for the Advancement o,
Management will hear two speakers
at meeting at $50 pm. tomorrow
at the Concordia Lutheran Church
Twentieth and 6 streets NV.
Maj. Charles T. Estes, special as
sistant to Cyrus Ching, director OF
the Federal Mediation and Concil-
iation Service, and Jennings Ran
dolph, assistant to the president Of
the Capital Air Lines, will make ad-
dresses.
The meeting is sponsored by the
American University Chapter, with
the chapters at George Washington,
Georgetown and Maryland Univer-
stiles cooperating.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Macarthur
Continued From First Page.)

tc answer other questions regarding
the courts decision to listen to ar
guments. Aides said he felt remarks
from him under the circumstances
would be unseemly.
Reliable sources said Gen. Mac
Arthur had anticipated some chal-
lenge to the authority Of the inter-
national tribunal which tried
Japan's war leaders. They said
Chief Prosecutor Joseph 3. keenan,
attempted to resign before leaving
Tokyo recently, but the general
asked him to remain on the Job to
handle any legal challenge that
might arise.
Among Gen. MacArthur's lunch
con guests today was Roscoe Pound,
dean emeritus Of Harvard Law
School. He is here on a brief visit.
"1t looks like the case is being
tried before 1t comes to court" DR..
Pound commented on Justice Jack.
sons opinion, which broke q tie on
whether the high American court
would listen to arguments.
Legal officers said American at
torneys who defended the Japanese
war leaders seemed reluctant" to
60 to Washington to support their
newly granted appeal. Alva c. Car.
penter, legal section chief. said the
attorneys feel william Logan, jr., OF
New York "is doing good Job and
don't think they should rush back
there and confuse the situation"
The courts decision was a con-
tinuing subject Of discussion among
Gen. MacArthur's staff. 1t also be-
came a general conversational topic
among the Japanese.
There was a general feeling that
Gen. Macarthur might lose some
face among the japanese, who con-
slider the courts action a challenge
to his authority. Somewhat the same
idea was expressed in some head
quarters circles where his position as
supreme commander was long be-
lieved to give him an international
rather than national status.
Chinese Judge Comments.
Most allied representatives here
refused to comment.
But Chinese Judge Ju 40 Mel
commented the United States courts
action sets a dangerous precedent.
He said, TT Is mistake for the Su-
preme Court to review the appeals.
Tojo's American lawyer said he
would ask the condemned former
Premier If he wanted to join the
appeal to the Supreme Court.
George Francis Blewett of Phila-
delphia, Tojo's counsel, said pre-
viously that TOTO had instructed
him not to ask Gen. Macarthur for
clemency. but added he still feel,
Japan had a right to act in SELF
defense"
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Syrion Ex-President
FoiIs to Form Cabinet
BY the Associoisd Pres,

President Hasem Bey KttSssi failed
today in efforts to form Q coalition
cabinet in Syria.
President Sayed Shukri nj Ku-
watly asked Emir Abdel Araslan, .
member of the Syrian delegation to
the United Nations, to take over the
job. Araslan began consultations
Immediately.
He formerly served In the govern
ment under Premier Jamil Mardam
Bey, who resigned with his cabinet
during last weeks bloody demon
strations protesting defeat Of Arab
forces in the Palestine war.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Two Youths, Found in Car
With Dead Girls, Succumb
BY the Asseeiuisd Press

vERNON1A, Oreg., Dec. THE
boy friends of two l6-year-old girls
found dead in a gas-filled coupe
parked in a lovers lane near here
died last night.
Robert j. Phillips, u. and Allen
Jurvakainen. %. succumbed in =
Portland Hospital. They had re-
mained unconscious since the trag-
edy was discovered Sunday morning
by q funeral parlor employe. They
died Of carbon monoxide poisoning.
The girls, Bernadine King and
Mary Lou Wolf, were found dead in
the car.
State police said . piece Of inner
tube had fallen through rear COM
partment floor hole and covered the
exhaust pipe, forcing the fumes into
the automobile.
Evening star., 1948-12-07
Mothers Sponsor Dance

The Chevy Chase Playschool
Mothers Club will sponsor square
dance at the Chevy Chase Commu-
nifty Center from 9 to II o'clock
tonight,
Evening star., 1948-12-07


Broadcast which operates ason
Chamber Commerce
Evening star., 1948-01-25
King Ibn Soud Expected
To Re-enter British Sphere

JERUSALEM, Jan. 24.-tP,. Arab
diplomats here today said King Ibn
Saud of Saudi Arabia may take his
kingdom back into the British
sphere of influence shortly.
His foreign minister, Emir Feisal
is reported planning a trip to Lon.
don for one of the conferences IN
which Britain is busy building po-
litical fences in the Arab countries
of the Middle East. The treaty with
Iraq, whose ratification by Iraq Is
uncertain, was only the first of a
a series planned by the British in
this part of the world. A similar
pact is anticipated with Trans.
Jordan soon.
Ibn Saud left the British sphere
when American oil men showed him
the way to wealth through royalties.
An Arab diplomat just back from
the desert kingdom said that but
for the natural conservatism of the
old man himself Feisal would have
broken all relations with the United
States on November 80, the day
after the United Nations voted for
partition. Feisal openly says he pro-
posed such a break but was ham,
pered because only the King makes
such decisions.
This diplomat said, however, that
the emissaries had been busy in
Saudi Arabia since then and Ibn
Saud now may even be willing to
toss over his 100000 a year from
American oil profits in order to bark
the United States shins for backing
partition"
Evening star., 1948-01-25

countries with pegged currencles to
take similar action.
French government sources said
the creation of a free money mar
ket in Paris would be a long step
toward lifting restrictions of the
planned economy type, and in that
sense would be in line with Ameri-
can economic ideas.
These sources said the reason
behind the British Labor Govern
ment's opposition was that if the
British were forced to follow the
French example it would be step
in ending the Labor Governments
directed economy also.
These Frenchmen contended the
contemplated action would be a
step toward world monetary stabili-
zation, a purpose of the Interna-
tional Monetary Fund. They argued
that Britain's pound, the franc and
some other European moneys were
all highly over-valued.
Despite Sir Stafford's departure,
negotiations still continued between
French and British experts. There
were indications, too, the bargaining
was still going on in Washington.
Want Funds Approval.
French officials indicated they
badly wanted the funds approval,
and that compromise that safe
guarded the basic outline of the
French proposal would be accepted
Washington dispatches indicated
American officials sympathized with
the French position, but disliked
the feature of two-value franc and
hoped to work out the differences
between the British and French.
Under the French proposal ex-
porters who turned over their dollar
proceeds to the government ex-
change Office would receive half
their funds in francs at the revalued
rate of 220 to the dollar and half at
the Paris free market rate.
Importers of supplies. considered
essential by the government would
obtain their dollars for purchases
abroad at the devalued rate. I'M
porters of goods considered non-
essential would have to pay more
Evening star., 1948-01-25

missed In the light Of the regents
statement.
Albassan interpreted the state.
ment as a renunciation of the
treaty. A British Foreign Once
spokesman said this is not so and
pointed out the regent had not yet
refused to sign the treaty.
Evening star., 1948-01-25
Taylor Seeks Action
By Congress 10 Ban
Segregation Here

Senator Taylor, Democrat, OF
Idaho, yesterday started a campaign
for action at this session of Con-
gress on legislation to abolish race
segregation in public places and in
schools of the District.
In letters to numerous individuals
and leaders in Washington he in
closed drafts of two bills he had
prepared, one to end the dual school
system and the other banning dis
elimination in places of public
accommodation.
Senator Taylor said he planned
to revise both before introducing
Them and that the >Senate, District
Committee likely would consider
further amendments. He asked that
criticisms and suggested changes
be sent to him or to members OF
the committee.
Urging that Congress take speedy
action" and recalling the recon-
mendations Of the Presidents Com
mittee on Civil Rights, he wrote:
"Our obligation under the Char
ter of the United Nations impose
special obligation upon us to pass
legislation of this sort. Our pres
tige abroad is being seriously
weakened by our domestic policy
toward minority groups, as the
recent action of the Republic OF
Panama has clearly demonstrated
Our obligation to our Negro veterans
is still unpaid.
"The matter cannot be put of
longer. Legislation should be passed
before the end of the 80th Congress
to right this ancient wrong, at least
here in Nations Capital.
After the Civil War, he said, Con-
gress prohibited race discrimination
in places of public amusement in
the Capital. Since it was part OF
a larger statute later declared un-
constitutional, this law fell by the
Wayside, he added.
Perhaps one of the factors con-
tributing most strongly to the wide
spread cynicism which blights the
capital city," his letter continues
lis the fact that its residents make
their peace with a great lie.
They pay homage to the Consti-
tuition and the Declaration of Inde-
pendence and their equalitariar
principles at the same time that
they learn to acquiesce quietly ir
| their notification. Eventually they
grow callous. They no longer feel
embarrassed as they sit in an air
conditioned soda fountain for g
coke, while a fellow citizen, denied
the right to sit beside them at the
fountain, carries off his soda in q
paper cup to some sweltering curb.
stone"
Evening star., 1948-01-25

own Nations resistance to Soviet
controlled policy"
Jack Kroll, director of the CIO
Political Action Communicative
oppose the third-party movement in
1948 because we think it is poorly
timed and will do nothing more
than split the progressive forces"
Harvey w. Brown, chairman OF
the machinists' Non-Partisan Polit-
ical League-"Mr. Wallace is lost
cause. The hberal-thinking people
are not being confused by Mr.. Wal
lace"
Byrl A. Whitney, director of the
Education and Research Bureau OF
the Brotherhood of Railroad Train
men-"as to the third-party candi-
date, in these grave issues we must
not divide our strength"
Mr.. Kroll and Mr.. Brown spoke
from Washington, Mr.. Rose from
New York, and Mr.. Whitney from
Cleveland,