davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-07-25

Russia was out OF the Danublan
picture between World Wars I and
II because of the annexation of
Bessarabia by Romania. Having re-
acquired Bessarabia in the summer
of 1910, the Soviet Union proceeded
soon after the end of World
War II to become the dominant
power in Danubian affairs. Soviet
troops occupied the area from the
Black Sea to the Soviet zone of
Austria. Then Russian control of
the bulk of the Danubian fleets and
port facilities was perpetuated
through formation of joint shipping
companies with Romania, Hugary
and Yugoslavia. These companies,
in which the Soviet Union obtained
a decisive voice, were granted
special privileges, such as freedom
from taxes and preferential treat
ment in obtaining foreign exchange,
and also were potentially empow-
cred to monopolize loading, repair,
and fuel facilities on the river.
Much of Fleet Idle
In the between-the-war years, the
Danube became a major trade
artery between Eastern and West
ern Europe. In the peak year of
1896, 1t carried some 7,500,0 900
metric tons Of produce. Countries
now In the Soviet sphere shipped
cereals, oil, copper and agricultural
products westward. From the west
ern countries they received I'M
portant industrial products, ferti-
lizers, salt and sugar.
Before World War II there were
about $500 vessels in the CONNER
cial fleet on the Danube. Some
l 100 OF these flew flags of nations
other than Eastern and Southeast
ern Europe. The postwar Danubian
fleet is down to about 2,5OO vessels.
OF these, an estimated 1900 are in
the lower Danube and about TOO are
in the American zones Of Austria
and Germany.
A large part of the fleet in Ger
many and Austria is idle now as a
result of the iron curtain" division
Of the river. Should the Danube be
opened to free navigation they
could help transport urgently need
ed industrial products eastward and
carry back to the west vital agri-
cultural products Of the east.
Resumption Of normal trade rela-
tions between Eastern and Western
Europe-barring only shipment OF
strategic war materials eastward
was recognized as essential in
formulation Of the European Recov-
cry Program.
In proposing July 80 as the date
for the Belgrade Conference on
the Danube, Secretary Of State
Marshall declared:
This vital European waterway
normally affords the nations OF
Eastern and Western Europe their
principal means Of carrying on COM
merce. It's free and open naviga-
ton, with the resultant benefits OF
more abundant trade, is OF very
real urgency to the peoples OF all
Europe in their daily lives"
The Danube. Gen. Marshall add
ed, should be an area Of construc-
tive cooperation" 1t should be-
come evident within the next couple
Of weeks whether Russia goes along
with the idea.
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Continued From Page c-1)

ton are those things we citizens tot
often take for granted-our school,.
and hospitals, the policeman on tht
beat, our sewers and water supply
electricity, gas, telephone and pub.
lie transportation.
In the past few months we have
seen . procession of the utility
concerns asking and receiving per-
mission to raise their rates to the
consumer. School boards every
where are struggling with the prob
lem not only of teachers salaries
but of how to build new buildings
for the new crop Of school children
and the cities and counties wonder
how to build streets to the schools
and put in the water and sewer
lines so badly needed.
You have only to spend day in
a Washington hospital to see the
effect there. both on the meals
served the patients and the con-
slant struggle Of nurses and others
to keep up with the daily round Of
duties. Hospital care costs more
and those who buy it through some
type OF insurance plan find . larger
deduction taken from their pay en-
velopes to meet the needs.
% Il goes, round and round IN
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Continued From Page C-1.,

special session of Parliament for
September to rush the bill through
q second time, an intermediate step
toward forcing 1t down the peers
throats with triple passage within
two years-the only way the Com
mons can override a Lords veto.
While this final chapter of the
program is being pushed through,
Labor Party politicians are shaping
the next campaign. They have not
settled yet on what industries may
be brought under public ownership
in the second five-year plan.
Labor problems have continued to
dog the government. The dreams
of ease and high pay that many
British union men expected to come
true with public ownership of major
industries have been shattered.
The unions still are learning that
in the country's present economic
condition, Britain cannot afford the
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Steel
Output Jumps
Startling Progress in
Reconstruction of
Their Plants
A., Tn ATL.k
By Tom Whitney

MOSCOW.-The first half of ls4s
has seen startling progress In the
reconstruction Of the Soviet steel
industry, official figures indicate.
During five months of the new
year ferrous metallurgy factories
Of the south and center, including
the great factories of the Ukraine,
which before the war produced
nearly two-thirds of the nations
steel. have upped their output Of
pig iron by 81 per cent, OF steel by
81 per cent and Of rolled steel by
80 per cent.
In other words, in terms of the
final and vital and product which
goes to make steel goods-steel
products-this vast area has nearly
doubled its production over the
same period Of last year.
New Units Started
Nor Is that all. New steel and
pig iron capacity has been going
into production during the last
month and more at o more rapid
rate than at any time since the
war has come to an end and the
country was able at last to turn to
the vast task of rebuilding factories
left devastated by the German In
vaders. ...a..-.-
For instances, In the last few
days alone news has appeared Of the
following new ferrous metallurgy
units beginning operations following
final reconstruction:
Blast furnace No. 4 at Zaporozhe.
one Of the largest blast furnaces In
the Soviet Union.
A large powerful open hearth
furnace at the same plant.
Blast furnace No. at the stalino
steel plant in the Donbass.
An open-hearth furnace at the
Makeevka steel plant, few miles
away from Stalino in the Donbass.
A coke oven battery in the Dom
bass.
These accomplishments, which
have taken place in the last seven
days or less, are just q small part
Of the total new capacity which has
started producing pig iron and
steel again for the first time since
194l or 1912 during the past six
months.
Momentous Possibility
There seems, in view Of the rapid
ity of the reconstruction program
at the present time, some possibility
that the whole Ukraine and CEN
tral industrial region of the Soviet
Union may during 1s49 be putting
out as much steel as before the
war. This Is momentous possi-
bility since the Soviet economy has
been running On short supplies Of
this basic industrial material for
the whole period since the begin
ming of the German invasion.
Recently there met in Stalino
large numbers OF representatives Of
labor and management of the south
and central steel industry.
These representative discussed
means Of speeding up production
during the coming months and
adopted unanimously program
which they described in q letter
to Generalissimo Stain which was
recently printed on the front pages
Of all major newspapers.
This program provides a factory
by-factory schedule Of more EN-
cient use of existing steel capacities
with the air in every case OF sur
passing prewar efficiency of this has
not already been done during the
next six months of the year.
Distributed BY the Associated Prss..)
Evening star., 1948-07-25

stlll Lougn, ana perhaps dangerous
talk to be using against the Nation'i
Oldest political organization-an or.
ganization which can remind rebel.
like ODwyer that for more than Q
century it ruled New York City
with only q few interruptions, anc
played q heavy hand In State anG
national politics.
Tiger Rips Right Back
This record OF power evidently
hasn't faxed the Mayor, the first
Democrat in City Hall since 1888
He disagreed with Tammany over
its choice for the patronage-rich
post OF New York County surrogate
and told the ''scavengers" to lay off
The Tiger, which only recently
began to take on weight again after
II years of famine under late Mayor
Fiorello La Guardia, ripped right
back at O'Dwyer. Frank J. Samp-
son, an O'Dwyer man, was replaced
by Manhattan Borough President
Hugo E. Rogers as leader of the
hall.
Tammany has been consigned to
the gutter or rubbish heap before.
1t has always bounced back up
again. The latest comeback, in the
wake of the tide Of reform which
began with the Seabury investiga-
ton and La Guardia, has been the
hardest.
In 1873, Tammany became a
worldwide symbol for wholesale
political corruption when william
Marcy Boss" Tweed was sent to
jail for robbing the city of an esti-
mated s40,0OO,0OO. But three years
later Tammany was back in power.
In 1901, Tammany Leader Rich
ard Croker, threatened with prose-
cution, left the country for Ireland
. will all his properties. seth Low, a
reform Mayor, came in but lasted
only two years.
Evening star., 1948-07-25
By Gornett D. Horner

ternational regime of the Danube
was an act OF imperialism and thai
equality Of opportunity would leac
to domination of the Balkan coun.
tries by private capitalists.
Finally, at the New York meeting
of the Council Of Foreign Min.
listers In November December, 1946
a compromise agreement wal
Aached which resulted in inserting
into the peace treaties with Bul.
garia, Romania and Hungary thi.
provision:
Navigation on the Danube shall
be free and open for the nationals
vessels Of commerce and goods of al
states, on footing of equality ir
regard to port and navigation
charges and conditions for merchan
shipping. The foregoing shall no
apply to traffic between ports o.
the same state"
The Big Four Foreign Minister.
at the same time agreed to call s
conference within six months Of thu
coming into force of the peac,
treaties to work out a new conven.
ton for regulating Danubian navi.
CATION. After many delays, this i!
the conference due to open in Bel.
grade Friday.
The principle of freedom of navi.
cation Of rivers which fiow through
more than one state or form tn,
boundaries between states was frs
written into European public Law
at the Congress of Vienna in 1915
This principle was applied specifi.
cally to the Danube in the treaty Of
Paris In 1856. 1t was strengthened
in numerous subsequent treaties
but for decades one nation or an.
other blocked its full practical ap.
plication. At one time, Czarist Rus.
STA merely did nothing about sand.
bars and other obstacles that made
navigation extremely hazardous.
Commission Set Up
A European commission, COM
posed of Britain, Austria, France
Prussia, Russia, Sardinia and Tur
key. was set up by the treaty O.
Paris for the purpose of clearing
the mouth Of the Danube OF navi
CATION obstacles. This commission!
powers were extended over the year
so that it was able to function
fairly effectively on the lower par
of the river, but Romania and Aus
tria- Hungary blocked internationa
regulation above the city Of Braila
After World War I, the treaty o
Versailles and other pacts carried
on the principle Of free navigation
on the Danube. A convention Signes
in 1921 by Belgium, France, Britain
Greece, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia, Germany, Austria
Bulgaria and Hungary formed tn,
basis of international regulation o
the upper river during the interval
years. 1t set up an internationa
commission, which supervised worl
to improve the navigability OF tn,
stream and was responsible for see
ing to 1t that there was no dis
elimination against any nation IL
Danube commerce. The Soviet Il
expected to oppose British ans
French moves for full voice in an!
new system Of control.
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Hainan's Iron
YetUntouched
Mines the Japs Used Lie
Idle, Waiting for
Development
By Spencer Davis

MANILA. - One Of the world.
greatest. high-grade iron ore depos.
its is idle and almost forgotten or
Hainan Island, just miles of the
southern tip of China.
Known deposits of more thar
600,000,000 tons were located anc
feverishly exploited by japanese
engineers during the war to feed
armament plants. Hainan iron was
one OF the hidden sources of Japan's
war strength, BY word of one Japa-
nese engineer, the deposits produced
100000 tons when Manchurian
mines, after years of effort, were
unable to turn out much.
In another 10 years, the develop
ment Of Hainan was expected to
outstrip even Formosa as a source
of raw materials.
Contract Halted
Since the war and Hainan's re-
turn to China, some efforts have
been made to continue the ore out
put. About year ago British in
terests made an arrangement
through the Chinese government to
deliver million tons to the Japa-
nese blast furnaces, built specially
to treat Hainan iron. Supreme
headquarters in Japan bought it
for $1s per ton. But 1t is under
stood that the contract has not been
fulfilled.
Recently on reconnaissance
flight over Hainan, Lieut.. Col.
Charles H. Andrus of San Antonio,
Tex, a petroleum engineer in civil
life, found out why the contract
was in default From the cockpit
OF a Trans -Asiatic Airlines plane,
Col. Andrus pointed out vital rail-
road bridge leading from a mine to
the harbor at Bakli Bay, some AZ
miles to the southwest.
The bridge was washed out
There was no visible effort to re-
build it. The mines themselves
were dead. A hydroelectric plant,
only one completed out of IA the
japanese had planned, seemed
broken down.
From the air, Col. Andrus, who
knows this ground thoroughly, was
able to pronounce mining activity
at standstill.
Has Mineral Wealth
Hainan is shaped like an egg,
with the larger portion backing into
the Gulf Of Tonkin and the small
end pointing into the South China
Sea.
Across the gulf In French Indo-
China there is high-grade coal
north of Hanoi, which could make
the steel all Asia is hungry for
If and when China is ready to
go ahead with It's much discussed
industrialization of South China
The raw materials are close al
hand.
Hainan has other mineral wealth
There is gold. silver, tin. lead, zinc
and lots Of copper. There are In.
dications of coal.
Col. Andrus, who was attached
to the China combat command dur.
ing the war, led a recovery team
back to Hainan at the end of the
war and liberated some TOO Amer.
leans, Australians, Dutch and In.
dians. Then, as now, the islane
was a hodgepodge Of fighting fac.
tions.
There were Chinese Communists
guerrillas. two wild native groups
Hong Kong labor crews, bandits
and so-called Chinese Nationalists
many of whom Col. Andrus latel
found had been collaborators of thu
japanese.
Still the japanese had been ablt
to work Hainan into its war econ.
omy.
Now Hainan is waiting for the
time to come when 1t can be worked
for the peaceful reconstruction o.
Asia.
Distributed by the Associated PressJ
Evening star., 1948-07-25
Tammany Tiger Snarls
AS AsO'Dwyer Twists Tail
Its Power May Have Wilted in Recent Years
But the Nations Oldest Political Group
Can Still Be Dangerous
By Saul PETIT

NEW YORK-Tme was when Democratic Mayor Of New York
would sooner take salary than Tammany
But Democrat William ODwyer the middle
sugfest with Tiger political
organization He's told belongs
Tammany have wlted the
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-08-12

of Lexington 100; Hal Gillian g.
80; Minnie Jordan $500; Miss.
State Sanatorium 3100; Lodge No.
"a, 27.00; Sou. Bell Tel & Tel Com
pany 7. So; Povall Printing Com
pany 100; Texaco Service Station
1900; l.. w. Rabb 2248; Southern
Speciality Sales Company 1898; w.
R. Sullivan 1866; Virginia Smith
1880; Louise Edwards Swinney
5000; A. P. Johnson 10000; Daisy
Anderson 5000; B. H. Cooper 1000;
Povall Printing Company $50; w.
r. Sullivan 200; Lodge No. "a; The
National Laboratories 1900; M.
G. Catron 2700; w. D. Ford, ]. P.
500; E. E. Wynn, Sheriff $50; DR..
M. F. Herring, Jr., 1000; w. B. Ken
ma LOO; H. c. Downer 100; Homer
t. Davis 100; I. c. Farmer 100;
V. H. Garrett 100; T. R. Garnett
100; J N Hearn 4.25; E. E. Wynn,
3.70;. Lexington Hardware Com
pany 30.35; Lexington Hard
ware Company 1880; o. L.
Ellison 343.10; Ellis E. Wynn 1853;
Povall Printing Company 46.85; E.
E. Wynn Sheriff 1888; Denton
Rosamond 22663; Graye Rutledge
1880; Parham H. Williams 34.64:
Parham H. Williams, Clerk $50; DR..
P. B. Brumby 600; DR.. M. F. Her
ring, Jr. 1900; DR.. B. o. Moore g.
90; Denton Rosamond 600; E. E.
Wynn, Sheriff $3.50; Lexington
Advertiser 1417.15; j. C. Robertson
80; w. E. Durham $50; r. E. Nc
Neer TBS; H. D. Bouchillon 2.45:
Casey Griffin 495; Pearl Mcclellan
100; The Lexington Advertiser 49,
IS; Henry Ice & Cold Storage 500;
Western Auto Store "a; The Peoples
Drug Store AS; E. E. Wynn, Sheriff
1888; The Fincher Company 1.04;
Power & Light Company
4.66.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-08-12

ing Company $40; Hederman
Bros. $500; Parham H. Williams,
Clerk 69.05; Deposit Guaranty Bank
& Trust Company 65,76; H. H. John
son $4,000; Parham H. Williams,
Clerk 60.65; G. Garland Lyen $500.
The County Superintendent has
this day filed his report and the
same is hereby approved.
1t appearing that a vacancy has
occurred in the trusteeship of the
District Two Hospital by the resig-
nation of r. M. Branch; it is here
by ordered that S. L. MCCULLOUGH
be and he hereby is appointed as
trustee to fill the unexpired term
of said R. M. Branch.
1t appearing that the work of the
Service Center Clerk has deceased
to the extent that two clerks are
no longer needed and that all SER
vice men can be well served by one
office located at the county seat
where all records are kept; it is
therefore ordered that the Service
center which has operated at Durant
be, and that the same is hereby
discontinued effective this date. 1t
is further ordered that Mrs. Hope
Murtagh be and she is hereby APP
pointed as Service Clerk at the Of
flee in Lexington and for salary
of $4,000 per month, effective this
date
The Clerk of this Board is hereby
directed to issue warrants in pay
ment of all coupons and bonds when
the same are presented for pay
ment.
The Clerk of this Board is hereby
directed to issue a warrant in the
sum of $4,000 payable out of the
Fish and Game Fund to the State
Game and Fish Commission being
Continued On Page y
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-08-12

1t is hereby ordered that the fol-
lowing accounts be allowed payable
out of the Bridge Construction Fund,
for salaries, labor, materials and
supplies as follows, to-wit: Tom
Vaughn PATS; Joe Mason 1875;
James Martin HIS; Milton Red
mond 11.25; John Brown 1875; l..
j. Tilman 1880; Allen Mayfield 49,
so; Andrew Johnson 1880; Shad-
dock Kimbrough 7.80; Stonestreet
& Hutchinson 1878; j. A. Hearn
1860; ]. A Hearn 1880; J. A.
Hearn 5000; D. H. Dew Lumber
Company 1888; H. L. Jennings 85.
48; ]. A. Hearn 5000; j. A. Hearn
5000; Saxton-Gardner Hardware
Company $50; Walden Lumber
Company 1885, Ben c. Weaver
1901; J. K. Yates 1904; Eric Far
mer 1880; Jim Siddon 10000; Rio
hard Ellis 10000; A. G. Dukes 230.-
06; v. B. Matthias 94.96; Matthias
Lumber Company 2231.85; w. F.
Fisher 193.45; L. o. Spell 1926;
C. H. Harthcock $500; E. C. Went
worth 1000; A. G. Dukes 108.27;
Earl McLain 10000; Bill Edwards
5000; Rhyme Coal g. Feed Company
$50; w. F. Fisher 10000; The Fin
cher Company 1000; B. c. Dacus
1904; j. F. Shelton 45.87.
1t is hereby ordered that the fol-
lowing accounts be allowed out of
the Miscellaneous Funds, for
salaries, labor, materials and sup-
plies as follows: Road 8, 10000; Cen
fury Burial Assn. 1000; Holmes
County Community Hospital 10000;
Health Department 1886; Health
Department 10000; DR.. Bot 1000;
DR.. w. G.. Brock 5000; L. r. Thomp
son 1866; L. R. Thompson 1920;
L. r. Thompson SIS; Jewel Massey
$500; Warrene White $500; Mrs.
Claudia Hyman 1000; Povall Print J
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-08-12

| Health Dept. 1OrlSI. u1lu----lU, iOo'o'
1t is hereby ordered that the fol
lowing accounts be allowed pay
able out of the Separate Road Dis
trict No. Fund and the Road One
Const. Fund, for salaries, labor
materials, and supplies as follows
| to-Wit:
Edwin Buck 11025; w. B. Harper
HOPS; Cliff Hughes 10575; Clinton
Booth 105. rs; Willard Bruce 10000;
Jones Thorp 1880; H. S. Terry 140.-
90; L. c. Boatwright $4,000; Dave
Grantham 11700; Earl Ellis 11700;
Floyd McNeer 117.00; Vardiman
Barton 117.00; Glenn McNeer $50;
Western Auto Store 1890; w. L.
Ellis & Son 1927; Lee Cade 900;
Lexington Hardware Company 500;
Lexington Hardware Company $40;
w. l.. Ellis & Son 1859; Standard
Oil Company 74.74; Weathersby
Chevrolet Company 1886; w. A.
Harvey Store 1871; Terrys Garage
231.84; Southern Equipment Sales,
Inc. $50; Jackson Road Equipment
Company 312; Holmes County
Scrap Iron Company $50; Watkins
Aldridge Equipment Company 1885,
05; Hammett Gravel Co. 1900
SIS, E. T. Devine 10000; Glenn Nc
Neer $4,000; The Fincher Company
3.12; Peoples Oil Company 1858;
Super Service Station 74.33; The
Texas Company 114.70; Lexington
Lumber Company 1872.
1t is hereby ordered that the fol-
lowing accounts be allowed payable
out of Separate District No. 2 Fund
and Beat Two Construction Fund,
for salaries, labor, materials and
supplies, as follows:
A. C. Autry $4,000; Dennis Nc
Bride 1880; Elum Mcbride 5000;
w. M. Mcbride 94.50; Will Walker
10000; Halbert Farmer 10000; Hand
Motor Company 1929; Gwin-Lail
Company 225; MISUNDERSTANDING
Equipment Company 453.00; same
2125; same 1858; same 20.75; same
7.50; same 211.33; Red T Service
Station $40; Red T Oil Company
1871. SO; Hanco Oil g. Grease Com
pany 114.95; E & N Products 263'28;
Trenton Lumber Company 1850;
Mrs. Mildred Holmes 800; The Lex
ineton Advertiser 34.56; r. M.
Campbell $3.50; Brown Bros. 1000;
Hands Store 1000; Hands Store
1O.15: Standard Oil Company 42.9O;
Hammett Gravel Company 856'3o;
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1948-08-12
Proceedings OF The
Board OF Supervisors

BE 1T REMEMBERED, that the
regular meeting of the Board OF
Supervisors, of Holmes County,
Mississippi, held in the Courthouse
in the City of Lexington, Missis-
sippi, on this the End day of Au-
gust, A. D., 1948, it being the First
Monday and the First day of said
term, with the following members
and officers present, to-wit: Joe H.
Moore, MB.S. No. l. M. S. Rogers,
M.B.S. No. 2; X. p. Thomas, M.B.S.
No. 3; c. G. Campbell M,BS. No.
4; G.. w. Ellison, M.B.S. No. 5;
Parham H. Williams, Clerk; E. f.
Wynn, Sheriff and H. H. johnson
Attorney for the Board.
When and where the following
proceedings were then and there
held and had
In Re: County Depository
/ beg to hand you herewith list
showing balances in the various
funds of the County.
Evening star., 1948-05-25
e. H. Greathouse, 90,
Editor, CoIumnist,
Dies at Niagara Falls

Charles H. Greathouse, 30, editor
OF publications for the Agriculture
Department from 1900 to 1927, died
yesterday at Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Born October l3, 1857, on a Ken
lucky farm, he Joined the staff of
the Louisville Courier after grad
uation in 1879 from the University
of Michigan. and came to Washing
ton as q correspondent.
He became chief of the Agricul-
ture Departments index office Of in
formation and was responsible for
the preparation of nearly 100000
index cards relating to farm bulle-
tins, the yearbook and congressional
hearings.
Mr.. Greathouse, with his wife
also published the Commonwealth
a weekly newspaper, at Rosslyn
Va, and after his retirement from
the Agriculture Department wrote
q newspaper column.
His daughter-in-law, Rebekah
Scandrett Greathouse, the wife OF
Lucien H. Greathouse, was an as
sistant United States attorney dur
ing the prohibition era. She was
assigned to Police Court in 1926 to
prosecute prohibition cases and q
year later was placed In charge OF
this field.
In addition to his son, who lives
in New Orleans, Mr.. Greathouse
leaves daughter, Mrs. Frederick
Leighton of Niagara Falls.