davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-02-15
Books in Brief
THE ORIGINS OF MODERN
GERMANY

GERMANY
BY C. Barraclough. (BlackweH-
OTtordJ
The German problem continues
as it has for the past 1000 years
to be the most pressing problem for
Europe and for the world, and this
scholarly study Of the history of the
German people is an attempt to
provide the answer in terms of his
torical currents. Beginning with the
empire of Charlemagne, Mr.. Barra-
clough traces the German people, S
efforts for unity and democracy and
their repeated Illustration in achiev-
ing either of these purposes. Sound
interpretive history is not a surplus
commodity in the field of letters,
but this work-now in its second
edition-approaches very close to the
ideals a distillation of the essence
of Germanism through the ages.
SLIGO
BY Brendon Wood. (ztf-DaUis
Co.; $2.75J
The old story Of a beautiful and
INSCRIPTIONS woman running a
powerful man is depicted here
amidst the seething and turgid back
ground of the New York water front.
Sligo, the hero Is presented with a
cynical frankness, which proves the
contention that brute strength minus
intelligence of discretion is easily
shackled by weaker but cleverer
forces. Through his graphic depic-
ton of both high and low class So
ciety the author demonstrates clearly
that though there are extreme sur
face differences the same corruption
underlies both. R. G.
THE WEDDING JOURNEY
BY Walter D. Edmonds. ATLANTIC
Little, Brown; $780,
If you're tired of neurosis- laden
characters in your -fictional fare,
this cleanly wrought wisp Of story
should be especially welcome. Not
only is it not long, nor numbered
with soap-opera overtones; on the
positive side it has zephyrlike
charm. The tale is of a packet boat
journey on the canal from Schenec-
tady to Buffalo in 1885. Naturally,
the honeymoon couple has little
privacy on such trip. The bride,
previously a sheltered young lady,
is surprised to discover that her
reaction to fight is one of excite
ment rather than faintness. Her
husband has an unsuccessful brush
with a gambler on board, but this
villain" is not the type to be hissed
off any stage. Finally, after dazzling
spurts of 4-mile-an hour speed, the
captain brings the boat in for
new record-less than four days!
L. Mel.
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Nv the Associoted Press

CHICAGO, Feb. 3.-One OF the
cardinal tenets of Peter Gerame
36 a conductor for the Chicago
Transit Authority, is that the trolley
car must go through.
According to Detective Charles
Fuller, DR.. Frederick H. Schmidt, a
67-year- old physician. thinks that's
lot of nonsense.
The conductor and the doctor had
a clash of wills today when DR.
Schmidt's automobile, loaded with
guns after a hunting trip, stalled
on the streetcar tracks at Cicero
avenue and Polk street just as the
trolley. skippered by Mr.. Gerame
came along
The detective said that the fol.
lowing events ensued:
Mr.. Gerame and his motorman
Joseph Rhinehart, got out of the
street car and pushed DR.. Schmidt's
automobile some 80 feet. But thu
physician refused to turn out of the
tracks.
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Long-Ronge Plans to Develop
Capital Ordered by Truman

President Truman today in
structed a group of District and
Federal officials to begin work on
a long-rang plan for the over
all development of the National
Capital and the Metropolitan
Area.
Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant III, chair
man of the National Capital Park
and Planning Commission, who was
one of those called to a meeting
by Mr.. Truman, told reporters the
program would encompass land-use
zoning and everything necessary to
be considered for the adequate de-
velopment of the region.
No estimate of expenditure f1g-
ured in the discussion. according to
the confeYees. Gen. Grant said the
commission is working on COM
prehensive plan now and indicated
his belief that the program to be
undertaken would require long
study
New Registration to be Needed.
1T will take this year to produce
first draft, then when you've got
Evening star., 1948-02-03
BeaII and Sasscer
Propose Compromise
In Tuition Dispute
Would Exempt Students
Enrolled Before July Is
From Paying D. c. Fee

Two Maryland legislators to-
day announced a compromise
plan to permit ITS nonresident
students to continue attending
District schools without paying
tuition. These are the students
now facing expulsion for nom
payment.
Representative Beall, Republican.
and Representative Sasscer, Demo-
crat, hope to upset by legislation
the corporation counsel's ruling that
the ITS students who enrolled before
July %, 1947 we're liable for tuition.
1t was on that date that the 1948
District Appropriation Act, carrying
a provision requiring payment Of
tuition by nonresident students, was
signed by the President.
Enrolled in Good Faith.
The two legislators already have
introduced legislation to strike out
this provision. Under the compro-
mise, which they will take care Of
by amendment or a new bill, only
the nonresidents who enrolled be-
fore July Is would be entitled to
tuition-free schooling. The new
measure also would provide reim-
bursement for parents of these stu
dents who have made tuition pay
ments.
The original Sasscer and Beall
bills were vigorously opposed by
Chairman Koran of the House Ap-
preparations subcommittee in charge
of District affairs, but Mr.. Koran
said last week that he would con-
slider compromise.
Mr.. Beall said this group of stu
(See TUITION, Page A-6J
Evening star., 1948-02-03

that you've got to discuss it with
everybody concerned" Gen. Grant
said.
Gen. Grant said new legislation
undoubtedly would be necessary to
implement the planning.
Commissioner J. Russell Young
president of the Board of Commits
sioners, who also was in on the con-
ference. said the President was very
much interested in the proposal and
wants us to cooperate and give all
the aid we can.
Commissioner Young said Mr..
Truman was very anxious to have
plans for the city" projected long
time into the future.
The Commissioner also said the
President had pointed to study by
the Budget Bureau in March, 1914,
as furnishing the background Tor
the program now contemplated.
In addition to Gen. Grant and
Commissioner Young, the conferees
included Engineer Commissioner
Gordon r. Young and Commission
lsee PLANNING, Page A-5J
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Commissioners Indorse
Rent Control Extension

The Commissioners will send Con-
gress favorable report on bill to
extend rent control in the District
for another year. it was learned
today.
They directed Corporation Counsel
Vernon West to prepare an indorse-
ment of legislation introduced by
Representative O'Hara. Republican
of Minnesota that would extend the
controls for one year after the pres
ent Rent Act expires March 81.
Extension of rent control here
was opposed by real estate interests
at a public hearing at the District
Building last Thursday. but ma
pority of the witnesses favored its
continuance
In deciding to indorse the legis-
lation, the Commissioners praised
the work of Robert F. Cogswell,
District rent control administrator
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Clay Hits Niemoeuer Group
For Denazification Fiqht
sy the Associo,ed Press

STUTTGART, Germany, Feb. g.
Gen. Lucius D. Clay today rebuked
Pastor Martin Niemoeller's Evangel-
ical Church in Hesse for advocating
defiance of the denazification pro-
gram.
"It is distressing to me that men,
bers of a religious faith advocate
disrespect and violence of the law"
the American military governor told
a news conference
The church administration, headed
by the famed prisoner of the Nazis,
has urged members of the church
to resist the denazif1cation program
as one which sows "a new seed of
hatred The letter, read Sunday
in all Evangelical churches of Hesse,
urged members net to support the
program either as complainants or
witnesses.
Gen. Clay said the letter was not
good citizenship. He said no action
had been decided against Pastor
who was elected bishop
of the Hesse Union of Evangelical
Churches last October.
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Wheeler Accepts
AFL Political League Position
Former Senator
Will Fly to Miami
To Discuss Job
By james Y. Newton
Stor Stoff Correspondent

MIAMI, Feb. 3.-Former Sena-
tor Burton K. Wheeler of Mon
tana has accepted appointment
as director of Labor's League for
Political Education, William
Green, AFL president, announced
today.
Mr.. Green said the appointment
had been approved by the AFL Ex-
ecutive Council and would be placed
before the 3O-man Administrative
Committee of the League at its
meeting here tomorrow. 1t Is due
to be approved as formality.
The AFL head said he expected
Senator Wheeler to fly from his
home in Washington to Miami to
confer with the committee tomor-
row Or Thursday.
A salary has not been decided on
but probably will be about $40, ,000
per year. Mr.. Green added.
The Executive Council adjourned
It's meeting shortly after noon.
Matthew Vol, council member
and head of the AFL foreign de-
partment, announced the labor
federations Of Belgium, the Meth
Evening star., 1948-02-03
7omm, FBI Aide, Nominated
To District Court Vacancy
'Right-Hond Mon' of
Hoover Is Picked to
Succeed Proctor

President Truman today NOM
mated Edward Allen Tamm, as
sistant to the director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
to be a justice of District Court,
succeeding Justice James M.
Proctor.
Justice Proctor was nominated
yesterday for the vacancy on the
Court of Appeals created by the re-
tirement of Chief Justice D. Law
renee Groner.
Often described as Director j.
Edgar Hoover's "right-hand man, y
Mr.. Tamm specifically is in charge
of co-ordinating Nationwide in
vestigations in the FBI.
Soon after the appointment, Mr..
Hoover issued this statement:
The appointment of Mr.. Edward
A. Tamm to the bench of District
Court comes as a surprise. He has
served the FBI well and faithfully
over a period of years both in the
field and as member of my head
quarters staff. His associates in the
FBI join me in extending him our
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Merchant Marine
Written or in Aid
Plan, Curran Says
NMU Head Opposes
Transfer Of 500 Ships
To European Motions
BY the Assoeioted Press

Joseph Curran, CIoi National
Maritime Union head, told SEN
ators today that the administra-
ton has written off the Amer
lean merchant marine" in the
Marshall Plan.
Mr.. Curran testified before the
Senate Foreign Relations Commit
tee in opposition to the European
Recovery Programs provision for
transfer of 500 merchant ships to 16
Western European nations.
As he testified, a group of DEM
onstratorS carrying banners in
scribed Marshall Plan Means Sea-
men Starve" and stop Ship Trans
fers" paraded in front of the State
Department.
Reporters were told by partic-
ipants that the demonstration was
arranged by the CIO National Mar
itime Union and other groups.
"UuAW Dali II IA tliSA CahCSs
Asserting that the jobs of half a
million Americans are at stake, Mr..
Curran proposed amendment OF the
recovery program to:
l. Require that all shipments be
carried in American ships.
2. Ban the further sale OF vessels
to foreign countries.
3. Screen steel exports 80 that
the American ship building industry
is not starved while foreign ship
yards reach new peaks
Taken together, the proposals to
transfer at least 500 vessels to for
eign registeries and the de-
cision of President Truman not to
ask for adequate funds for ship
building in his budget message dem
onstrate that the administration has
written off the American merchant
marine" Mr.. Curran declared.
Earlier CIO President Philip Muir
ray told the Senators that deep
cut in the $500, 100000 starting
cost of the program would be well
nigh criminal"
Slash In Funds Opposed.
Mr.. Murray said slash OF as
much as $1,000, 100000 would make
it merely a relief program and
nothing more
As the hearings resumed, the
State Department furnished the
committee with statement con-
tending that If the full $500, 900 900
asked by President Truman Is not
voted by Congress shipments to
Europe would be cut.
The statement said that all but
$500 900 600 in goods would be ship
ped before July !, 1850. 1t said the
represents pipeline sup
plies, adding:
IF the amount which has been
requested is reduced beloY $6,800,-
600 600, it will be necessary, there
fore, either to allow the pipeline to
become empty or to reduce ship
(See FOREIGN AID, Page A-60
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Battling Doctor Uses Gun, Fists
To Rebel Streetcur's Challenge

A verbal tilt followed, capped by
an exchange of blows between Mr..
Gerame and DIR. Schmidt.
Then the doctor selected small
bore shotgun from collection OF
two shotguns and two rifles in his
car. He let fly blast which did
no damage.
Mr.. Gerame ran into tavern and
called the police. Meanwhile, the
doctor attempted to board the
streetcar, but was repelled by five
passengers.
A Transit Authority tow truck ar
rived after the doctor had climbed
into his car and locked himself in.
The tow truck, with approval Of
policemen on the scene, showed the
doctors car away, but the doctor
sped around block and parked his
car. He was seized by policemen in
a tavern phone booth.
The streetcar went on its way,
and DR.. Schmidt went to police
headquarters, where officials held
him without charge and debated
what's to be done next.
Evening star., 1948-02-03
HoIdup Nets $40
Half Block From
Police Station

Only half a block from No. 10
police precinct, gas station man
ager was held up at gunpoint this
morning and robbed OF $40.
Charles Jenkins, manager of the
Amoco station at the corner Of
Georgia avenue and Park road NV.
said a colored man came into his
office shortly after 8 am. and
asked for a package of cigarettes.
Mr.. Jenkins reached into his pocket
to make change and brought out
roll of bills. The robber then pulled
out a pistol and took the money, Mr..
jenkins SAID. and made his escape.
He added that the holdup took
place while policemen were passing
the station as the morning shift
came on at the precinct. Two scout
cars passed by while the man was
in the street seconds before
the holdup, he said.
Evening star., 1948-02-03

erlands and Luxembourg had agreed
to call . conference in Brussels in
April to consider the role of labor
In those countries with respect to
furthering the aims of the European
Recovery Program.
Mr.. Wheeler, who now is practic-
ing law in washington, will be 66
this month. He had a long and
colorfuls career in Congress before
(See AFL, Page A-6D ..
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Marshall Calls for New
PorIey to Settle Price
For Treoty With Austrio
By Gornett D. Horner

The United States and Great
Britain hit back in a rapidly in
tensifying war of words with
Russia today by charging Com
ImuniSt- dominated Romania with
violating its new peace treaty.
This counterblow came as the
State Department was keeping busy
giving the lie to Russian charges
about American actions in other
parts of the world.
Secretary of State Marshall moved
at the same time for another effort
to settle a long-standing issue by
proposing meeting of Big -Four
representatives in London, February
20, TO consider the Soviet's latest
price for peace treaty with
Austria.
The American protest to Romania
charged that government with deny
ing human rights" and "funda-
mental freedoms" in crushing oppo-
sition to communism-all in viola
ton of the peace treaty which went
into effect last December. Britain
sent similar note.
Iran Charges Labeled False.
In meeting head-on a series OF
Soviet diplomatic and propaganda
attacks on United States actions
abroad, the State Department:
/. Branded as false" or "distor-
tions" Russian charges OF American
militarism in Iran.
2. Curly informed Moscow that
Soviet objections to American war
ships visiting Italian waters are
without foundation"
3. Prepared for delivery note re-
jecting Russias protest that restor-
ing a wartime American airf1eld at
Mellaha in North Africa violated the
peace treaty with Italy.
4. Made ready to turn down still
another Soviet protest, received
through the American Embassy in
Moscow, about flights of American
aircraft over Russian shipping near
Japan.
heIeES W VI ANAdhhu'
The State Department withheld
publication of the full protest to
Romania pending its delivery in
Bucharest.
1t was understood to have in
cluded a reference to the arrest and
trial of Juliu Manu-, opposition
leader who was sentenced to life i'm
prisonment last November, as well as
more recent instances of apparent
disregard by the Romanian gov
ernment of some of its peace treaty
obligations.
The treaty specified that Romania
must take all measures necessary
to secure to all persons under Ro-
manian jurisdiction :" = the enjoy
ment of human rights and OF the
fundamental freedoms" including
freedom of political opinion.
Deputies Would Be Convened.
Gen. Marshall's proposal for the
London meeting on the Austrian
treaty would convene the deputies OF
the Big Four Foreign Ministers to
take up Russias latest demands.
These include a 50-year concession
on most of Austria's oil output, plus
5000, 100000 in reparations and other
concessions.
A major aim of the Western pow
ers in seeking conclusion of the
Austrian peace treaty is the with
drawal of Russian occupation forces
from that country.
Samuel Reber, veteran diplomat
now serving as deputy director OF
the State Departments office OF
Evening star., 1948-02-03

all IL members of the council elected
by the votes of all the District, in
stead of having some elected by
wards.
A chief executive officer (city
manageD in whom would be CEN
tered all administrative responsible
ity, leaving the council to fix
policies.
Grouping of city functions in
relatively small number of main-line
departments (there would be ~.
Leaving flexible the internal or
ganization of the departments, so as
to permit internal reorganizations to
(See HOME RULE, Page A-5D
Evening star., 1948-02-03
IT, 5. CounfersProtests 100000 Quit Jobs
By Russia, Charging Over Food Shortage
Romania Violates PactI In Two Reich Zones
Hunger Strikes Will Not
Bring More Food From
America, Clay Warns
BY the Associofsd Press

STUTTGART, Germany, Feb
3.-Great areas of the British
American occupations zones
were paralyzed today. Between
100000 and 100000 German
workers went on a 24-hour strike
to protest food shortages.
In the strike-bo American
zone state of Wurttemberg Baden
Gen. Lucius D. Clay. American mill
tary governor, told German leaders
IT have nothing to criticize abou
this type of action"
He added, however, that hunger
strikes would not serve to bring the
Germans more food from America
Gen. Clay's private train brought
him to Stuttgart over rail lines thaI
had been idle since midnight.
Industry At Standstill.
Industrial life was at standstil
for thousands of square miles
around where Gen. Clay spoke.
To the north, hundreds OF towns
and villages throughout the heavily
industrial British zone were crippled
by a mass walkout Of clerical
workers.
Trade union estimates varied on
the number of clerks who stayed
out, but thousands of offices, banks,
department stores and government
Offices were deserted.
In Hamburg, one union official
claimed that 80 per cent OF the city
administrations white-collar work.
ers had struck.
Stuttgart had a Sunday appear
ance. The streets were virtually
empty. Trolley cars remained in
their barns. Places of business were
closed.
The same picture was presented In
Mannheim, Ulm and Heidelberg.
Clay Addresses Officials.
There were no demonstrations
however, against the black mar
keteers, whom Germans hold re-
sponsible in large measure for the
food shortages.
Gen. Clay, speaking to the month
ly meeting of minister-pr presidents ol
the American zone, said:
"All the food that can be obtained
today is being obtained and these
demonstrations can't get more food
In some respects, the Germans are
facing their most disastrous days
at the present moment
Gen. Clay said inventories were
exhausted but that Germans had al
least $500, ,O0O, 900 to spend for raw
materials in 1948. He said he was
pleased public order was being main
tanned.
Extra Galleries Demanded.
Striking clerks in the British zone
were demanding $50 supplementary
calories a day The theoretical
standard ration is 1900 calories
daily. Even food store clerks walked
out. Some 300 clerks struck at the
Hamburg power plant.
The strikes in Western Germany
were the most extensive since food
strikes broke out in the Ruhr a
month ago and spread to Bavaria
Communist efforts to continue the
strikes was reported strong. Trade
union leaders asserted. however, the
walkouts we're a Spontaneous re-
action in protest to poor food dis
,.ihllfinn
Evening star., 1948-02-03
HuHs War Warnings
Voice in Wilderness

Cordell Hull, in his memoirs.
today tells how the British,
their ornaments in precarious
state, scuttled his 1885 efforts
for limitation of arms by OBJ
ecting to the principle of in
ternational inspection. (See
Page A-9.)
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Swiss Slash Rution List

BERN, Switzerland, Feb. 3 (P.-
Rationing of butter, sugar. milk and
cheese will be abolished in Switzer-
land February 5. the government
announced today Bread, -four and
oil will remain on the ration. Prices
of essential foods, rationed and un-
rationed, will remain under govern
ment control.
Evening star., 1948-02-03

every good wish for successful
career on the bench"
Mr.. Tamm is Al. He entered the
FBI as a special agent in 1880. Ten
years later he was made assistant
to Mr.. Hoover. He Is member of
the American. Minnesota and Fed
(See TANM. Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Toio's Trial Recessed

TOKYO, Feb. (Py.-The war
crimes trial of former Premier Hi
deki TOTO and "a other Japanese war
leaders today was recessed to Feb
ruary to give the defense time to
prepare It's rebuttal.
Evening star., 1948-02-03
Hearing on WMAL

The Stars radio station,
WMAL, will broadcast a half
hours transcribed proceedings
of the Auchincloss home rule
bill hearing tonight from $50
to 10 O'Clock.
Evening star., 1948-02-03

President Truman's request to
Congress for a 10-point legisla-
tive program to strengthen civil
rights of minorities today en-
countered threats of political
retaliation by some Southern
Democrats and praise from other
quarters as move toward
making democracy living
reality"
In a message to Congress late
yesterday the President called for
Federal protection against lynch
ing, more adequate safeguards for
the right of citizens to vote, eStab-
lishment of a permanent Fair EN-
ployment Practices Commission, a
ban on racial segregation in inter-
State transportation and equal op-
portunity for all United States resi-
dents to become naturalized citizens.
Mr.. Truman also gave notice that
he would shortly issue an Executive
order containing a comprehensive
restatement of the Federal non-
discrimination policy" in Federal
Government employment. He an
nounced he would recommend ZAP
propriate measures to insure COM
pliance."
"It is the settled policy of the
United States Government" he de-
clared, that there shall be no dis
elimination in Federal employment
or in providing Federal services and
facilities. Steady progress has been
made toward this objective in re-
cent years.
Il have instructed the Secretary
of Defense to take steps to have the
remaining instances of discrimina-
ton in the armed services elimi-
mated as rapidly as possible. The
personnel policies and practices Of
all the services in this regard will
be made consistent"
Four of the 10 specific recon-
Neutrality-suspicious. urging an anti
lynching law, permanent FEPC, an
end to Jim Crow rules in transpor-
tation and outlawing Of the poll
tax-raised particular ire of some
Southern Democrats in and out of
Congress.
A Senator from the deep South
disclosed that the conference OF
Southern Governors, meeting Friday
at Tallahassee, Fla, probably would
be asked to call IAN all-Southern
convention" to break with President
Truman on these civil rights issues
Such a convention, the Senator
explained, could pick its own candi-
date for President. Its main OBJ
jective, however, would be to devise
a plan for withholding the South S
electoral votes from President Tru-
(See CIVIL RIGHTS, Page A-5D