Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1948-05-05

ternatlonA security.
The United States is acutely aware
that the return Of a sense of security
to the free nations of the world is
essential for the promotion Of con-
ditions under which the United
Nations can function. The necessary
steps for self-protection against
aggression can be taken within the
Charter Of the United Nations.
The Charter recognizes in Article
81 the right OF individual and collec-
tive elf-defense against armed at.
tack until the Security Council has
taken the measures necessary to
preserve peace and security. Articles
81, So and 81 provide for regional
arrangements dealing with the
maintenance Of international peace
and security. On condition that
such arrangements are consistent
with the purposes and principles OF
the Charter.
Pact Concluded ut Rio de Janeiro.
In recognition of the possibility
foresen in the Charter that ar
armed attack might occur upon q
member of the United Nations
despite the binding obligations &C
cepted by every member to refrain
from the threat or use of force
against another state, the United
States and the other American re-
publics concluded at Rio de Janeiro
last year treaty for individual and
collective self-defense. Certain coun-
tries OF Western Europe likewise
have organized themselves into a
western union, for their individual
and collective self-defense.
Our intention to AFFORD encourage
ment and support to arrangements
made by free nations for the preser-
walton Of their independence and
liberty has already been stated by
the President in his message to the
Congress on March II.
The United States Government
has followed an active policy of
Strengthening the existing machin-
cry of the United Nations.
% We have endeavored to assure
that the United Nations would carry
out its responsibilities in dealing
with the dangerous political issues
which have arisen in various quar-
tiers of the world. We have sought
to promote its basic work on eco
nomic problems, human rights, free
dom of information, health and re-
lated needs.
CD We have made proposals to-
ward restraining the use Of the veto
in the Security Council and reduc-
ing the scope Of the veto through its
elimination from matters of pacific
settlement and the admission of
new members.
Interim Committee.
(3 We proposed the establish
ment of an interim committee OF
the General Assembly, popularity
known as the Little Assembly, to
consider various possibilities for i'm
proving international cooperation
and to put to work the undeveloped
powers of the General Assembly in
the field of international security
BY means of this committee the far
reaching influence of the General
Assembly is being brought more
effectively to bear in fulfilling the
purposes and principles of the
Charter.
The United Nations is the forum
of daily world negotiation. 1t is the
worlds vehicle for dealing with
basic guards of essential freedoms,
for advancing the development of
dependent peoples and areas.
On several occasions negotiation
in the United Nations, even during
its short history, has postponed
fighting long enough to remove the
cause for fighting. 1t Is forum of
negotiation where charges or dis
tortions are held answerable, where
violations of treaty obligations must
meet the verdict of world opinion,
and where those responsible must
answer for theE conduct.
Many Projects Proposed.
A number of projects designed to
improve international conditions by
new forms on international organi-
zation have been proposed. These
projects envisage radical changes
in the existing United Nations Char
ter. Some propose the elimination
of veto on enforcement measures,
the establishment of inequality OF
voting among the major powers,
and the virtual elimination of the
influence Of small nations in Sc
curity council decisions.
Others 60 beyond the revision of
the United Nations Charter and call
for the establishment Of new forms
of international structure along the
lines Of world government. In gen.
eral, the proponents of these prof.
ects recognize the probability that
the proposals would not be accepted