davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-12-12
COSTA Rica Is Invaded +;
Attack Declared Made
From Nicaraguan Soil
Ex-President Is Reported
Leading Troops Against
Fieueres Government
BY the Associofed Press

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica, Dec. II
Costa Rica, which abolished its
army nine days ago, was invaded
today and the government
charged that the attack came
from Nicaraguan territory.
The government said the invaders
were headed by former President
Calderon Guardia, and that Costa
Rican territory and towns already
had been occupied.
Jose Figueres. military leader and
head of the junta governing Costa
Rica, disbanded his army of 5000
because, he said, his country loves
peace and there was no trouble in
sight. Tonight men were called to
arms.
Costa Rican broadcasts picked
up in Guatemala quoted Mr..
Figueres as saying, This is not
a counter-revolution. This is war
between Costa Rica and Mica
ragua."
I Mario ESauivel, Costa Rican
I Ambassador in Washington, said
/ his country would invoke the Rio
! de Janeiro Western Hemisphere
! defense pact to get assistance in
! repelling the invasion.
/ In Managua. Nicaraguan War
/ Minister Anastasio Somoza de-
clared "Calderonistas have not
/ invaded Costa Rica from Mica
! raguan territory" But he said
he had unconfirmed information
the rebels landed at Puerto Soley,
/. Costa Rica.
Pan American Always at
Panama reported its operations
to San Jose were normal and
said it knew of no trouble in the
capitalD
I The rebels were reported to have
reached the towns of Guanacast'
and Liberia. Liberia is near TIT
west coast and about 40 miles from
b ~~cra nY~A Dooa ASl
Evening star., 1948-12-12
Gen. Voughon Awarded
Aroentine Decoration
Nv the Associated Pres,

BUENOS AIRES. Dec. ll.-Argen-
tina has awarded Maj. Gen. Harry
B. Vaughan, President Truman's
military aide, the decoration OF
Grand Officer, Order of Liberator
Jose de San Martin.
The decree, published today In
the official bulletin, said Gen.
Vaughan was honored for con-
slant and efficient efforts in favor
of close friendly relations" between
Argentina and the United States.
Evening star., 1948-12-12
Largest Apartment
OF 800 Units Planned
For Villa Rosa Site
$4,000, 900 Structure to
Be Started in Spring;
Veterans to Get Priority
By Robert J. Lewis
p..t E.,.. ga;+,r - Tn. g..


With FHA financing aid, one
of the worlds largest apartment
buildings will rise on the site OF
the former Villa Rosa estate on
Massachusetts, avenue beginning
early next spring, it was learned
last night.
The building will dwarf all other
elevator type apartment buildings
ever built in Washington.
It's 300 apartments will almost
double the 462 units in the largest
of two buildings in the Westchester
Apartments at 1000 Cathedral ave-
nue. NV, which is now Washing
tons largest single apartment struc-
ture.
Veterans will have preference in
renting all units.
Total cost of the project is esti-
mated at more than $4,000, 900.
Will Have ISIS Rooms.
The building will be eight stories
high on the side facing Massachu-
setts avenue and II stories high in
the rear, and will provide a total
of 2,5l8 rooms. The site is in the
1900 block of Massachusetts, avenue,
a short distance southeast of Ward
Circle.
The Irving Trust Co. of New York
will finance the project with an
FHA-insured loan of s6.761 900, rep
resenting 80 per cent of FHA's
estimated value of the land and
building.
A commitment for FHA insurance
was issued by the Federal Housing
Administrators Washington re-
gional office a few days ago, it was
learned.
The owner will be corporation
known as 4201 Massachusetts, Ave-
nue., Inc. Builder will be the Stand
ard. Construction Co.. which has
recently built about 1000 apartment
units in a number of developments
in the District area. Corning 81
Moore are the architects.
Charles I. Kaplan, secretary OF
the corporation. said the firm has
been making plans for the project
Csee APARTMENTs. Page A-so
Evening star., 1948-12-12
Reds FiIibuster
On Korea DELAYS
.DriivetoAdjourn
U. N. Names 3-Nution
Cancellation Group
For Palestine
DUTCH BREAK OFF 1ndonesian
talks, plan interim regime
| Page Az.
BY the Associated Press

PARIS. Sunday, Dec. IA
Soviet filibuster on the Korean
question disrupted early today a
United Nations plan to adjourn
its Paris meeting this morning
At am. DR.. Herbert v. Evatt
of Australia, president of the AS
sembly, called of the lengthy meet
ing until 3 pm. 20 am. EST today.
Before taking up the Korean case
however, the Assembly created a
three e-nation Palestine conciliation
commission last night in another at
tempt to bring permanent peace to
the Holy Land 1t named the
United States, France and Turkey
as the commissions members.
Reds Fight Majority Plan.
Delegates gave up their effort to
complete work on the Korean case
when Russia, Czechoslovakia and
Poland got on the speakers list
with long addresses obviously ready.
The Russian bloc is fighting a ma
jority plan which would continue
the U. N. Korean Commission for
another year and recommend ap-
proval for the government of the
republic of Korea Russia has boy
cotted the commission since it was
created.
Before the recess, Dmitri Manuil-
sky. fiery Foreign Minister of the
Soviet Ukraine, criticized the COM
mission. Delegates relaxed in their
chairs, read papers or talked quietly
as Mr.. Manuilsky quoted case after
case from report of the commits
sion.
DR.. T. r. Tsiang OF China praised
the commission and urged the
Assembly to approve it's work and
send it back to Korea to try once
more to unity the country.
After DR.. Tsiang spoke, Kuzma
Kiselev of White Russia carried on
the debate along lines similar to
those expressed by Mr.. Manuilsky.
Commission Membership Hit.
After the Palestine commission
was established. the Israeli delega-
ton reiterated its willingness to ne
gotiate directly with the Arabs. but
attacked the commission member
ship as ''one-Sided." An Arab dele
gate told newsmen the Arab states
generally were satisfied with the
commission membership.
The final vote on the conciliation
plan jointly sponsored by the United
States and Britain was 35.t IS with
eight abstentions. 1t was taken as
a tense crowd overf1owed the theater
of the Palais de Chaillot.
Until the final votoe was counted
British delegates said the issue re-
manned in doubt. When DR.. Evatt
announced the result the crowded
hall rang with applause The con-
fusion was SO great that DR.. Evatt
had to pound his gavel to restore
order.
During the final debate on Pales-
tine, Lebanon informed DR.. Ralph
j. Bunche, acting mediator, that
it is willing to negotiate an immedi-
ate armistice in accordance with a
Security Council resolution of No
vember 16. Lebanon made its &C
ceptance conditional on Isreals
withdrawing from some Lebanese
villages near the Palestine frontier
Two States Accept Bids.
Trans-Jordan and Egypt already
have accepted the bid to armistice
negotiations. Egypts acceptance was
conditioned on Israel's withdrawing
from the Negeb, southern desert re-
gion. Negotiations fulfilling that
condition repeatedly are under way
Immediately after the final vote
(See u NJ Page AID
Evening star., 1948-12-12
SHOPPERS PACK STORES TO
biggest day of buying. Page AZ,

SHOPPERS PACK STORES fol
biggest day of buying. Page All
BY the Assoeioisd Press
Consumer incomes smashed
through to another record high in
October, the Commerce Department
said Yesterday. Also, q report on
employment in November gave in
dication that total earnings are con-
tinuing at high. tide.
The Commerce Department. busi-
ness economics office said that con-
sumer incomes attained an annual
rate of s2l5, SOC, ,000, 900 In October
a $500, ,00O.0 900 rise over the previous
records of August and September
A Census Bureau report. mean
while, put November employment at
"a record total Of 59,893,O0o for that
Evening star., 1948-12-12
Strike CrippIes Valparaiso

VALPARAISO, Chile, Dec. II IA9.
Dock workers struck for higher
pay here today and virtually para
lyzed this port-Chile's biggest. Five
steamers are tied up. The dockers
want more pay to meet increasing
living costs. Negotiations have
broken down
Evening star., 1948-12-12
Winter Vacation
Section

For those who follow the sun
south or crave cold weather
sports not available here, The
Star today contains a special
Winter Vacation Section, list
ing the Nations best resorts
and telling what they have TO
offer.
Evening star., 1948-12-12

since Senator Holland is in line to
be chairman if he chooses. The
senior Democrat on the committee
is Senator Johnston, Democrat, Of
South Carolina. but he has indicated
(See MCGRATH, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1948-12-12

Radio Programs, Poee CO
Complete Index Poss AZ
Evening star., 1948-12-12

(See U. NJ, Page AID
Evening star., 1948-12-12

tSee GRIDIRON, Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1948-12-12

1See COSTA RIGA, Page AS,
Evening star., 1948-12-12

tSee CHARTER, Page AID
Evening star., 1948-12-12

(See CONGRESS, Page A-s)
Evening star., 1948-12-12

Mostly cloudy today and tomorrow Some
what warmer today with high in upper
4Os Mild temperatures tomorrow.
Evening star., 1948-09-26

When you snvgeIe down
under the fluffy softness Of
PeppereIrs new wonder
nap blankets, you'll know
how smart you were to get
theml A trick Of weaving
new erimped royon with
wool produces the distribu-
tion of dir cells in the mop
that gives such depth Of
insulation. And remember
IFS insvlotion, not weight
of covers, that really keeps
you warm.
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23

tion will go into uniform. The pending law
will probably demand the registration of all
men from the ages Of 18 through 80. How
ever, only those in the 1925 age group will
be called to the cOlOrS at this time. And a
great many of these will be exempt The
exemptions will include veterans of World
War ii, if they saw year or more of SER
vice, and high school students. It is ex-
pected that married men and industrial work
erS with important skills and trades will be
at least temporarily deferred by local draft
boards, even though the law does not specifi-
cally exempt them from the draft. And
physical qualifications will be substantially
higher than they were in wartime when, as
the saying went, anyone who could chew
mush, see lightning and hear thunder was
considered griSt for the military mill. The
reserves, both commissioned and enlisted,
will be asked to volunteer for service, and
good many of them will be needed to train
the new draftees. However, it is unlikely
that those who do not volunteer will be or
dered back into service. One rather curious
anomOly exists here. Under the law, the
Army reserves cannot be ordered to active
duty for more than two weeks year unless
Congress declares a state of emergency.
This is also true of the Air Force and Coast
Guard reserve. On the other hand, Navy and
Marine reserves can be ordered back by the
President without Congressional action. At
the beginning, therefore, the probability is
that the draft will affect relatively small
number of people, and place only a minor
drain on the manpOwer resources of the
country. 1t is possible that it will stimulate
enlistments to the point where an even less
er number of men will have to be taken than
is now anticipated. From the lOng-term view,
on the other hand, the situation is not bright.
It is unquestiOnably true that if the inter-
national situation continues to wOrsen, the
military forces will ask for more and more
persOnnel-and Congress will reluctantly go
along with them. By the same token, an i'm
prOvement in U. S.-Russian relations might
lead to an early ending of peacetime selec-
tive service, and that is hope which is al
most universally held Substantially increas-
ed appropriations for national defense are
now inevitable. 1t will cost between two and
three billions a year to pay for the manpOwer
jump in the armed forces. And look for very
heavy appropriations for expansion of the
air force.
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23
N3ON&
NATURE WINS

Even socialism can't lick nature-as
series of recent events has proved. In Cali
fOrnia, there has been the worst drought in
a great many years, and it has naturally been
accompanied by power shortages. The gov
ernment ownership zealOts promptly started
whOOping and hOllering that government
power plants could prevent such shortages.
However, at the same time, Ontario, Can
ada, was experiencing an even more severe
power shortage. And Ontario is served by
a government owned hydro authority which
has long been a model for similar ventures
in this country. The Tennessee Valley Au-
thOrity has been praised to high heaven as
a flood control project. 1t has cost the tax
payers hundreds of millions of dollars. Yet,
when turbulent waters struck in midi Febru-
ary, even IVA couldn't handle the Job. In
the words of an AP dispatch, "On the Ten
nessee river, the flood waters were too much
for the great dam set up by the Tennessee
Valley Authority. Phe huge reservoirs fill
ed and the water was released to rush over
the low country" There are some very OBJ
viOus lessons in all this. First of all, neither
free enterprise nor sOcialiZed enterprise can
create a single drop Of rainfall. All either
can do is to make the most of what exists
and when it comes to that, free enterprise
has always demonstrated a great superb
Ority. TWAS flood control activities are in
extricably tied in with it's power producing
facilities. And power dams must have water
in then-they can't be held empty to await
floods. At the present time, experience is
teaching that building huge reservoirs is
the wrong approach to the problem, and that
soil conservation and food prevention work
on small streams and tributaries of large
rivers are far more important, and will pro-
duce greater benefits at much lower cost
n %no OE
much less interested in flood control than in
dams to produce power. The idea that So
cializatiOn of industry will circumvent the
vagaries of nature is utterly ridiculous. Pri-
vate industry, in every line of activity, will
do more to meet our needs and grapple real
istically with our problems than any group
of bureaucrats and political hangers-On.
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23
Campaign Medals
For Issue June /

Over 100000 campaign medals
are expected in the First Army
area about May / for presentation
TO authorized war veterans begin
ming about June 1, Headquarters,
First Army, announced today. The
medals are for those who served
in the American, Asiatic-P Pacific
and the EurOpean-African- Middle
Eastern campaigns.
Distribution centers for the med
ais will be established at posts,
camps and stations of the Army;
at principal recruiting stations
and also will be arranged by veter-
ans organizations who may apply.
First Army will be responsible for
distribution throughout the New
England states, New York, New
Jersey and Delaware.
The American Campaign Medal
is for service within the American
Theater between December Y,
1941, and March 2, 1916. Those who
were on permanent assignment
outside the continental limits of
the U. S. during this time, as well
as crew members of aircraft or
sailing vessels are also entitled to
the medal.
The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign
Medal is for service in that theater
during the period December z to
March 2, 1916, ON a permanent as
signment, or in a passenger status
or temporary duty for 80 cOnsecu-
tive days or for a total of so days
if nOt-cOnsecutiYe. An individual
in active combat against the enemy
and either awarded a decoration
or certificate as to his participa-
ton is also entitled to the medal.
The limiting dates for the Euro
pean-African-Middle Eastern Cam
paign Medal are from December z
1941, to November 8, 1945. COndi-
tiOns are the same as for the Asia.
tiC-PacifiC Medal.
Service stars and arrOwheads
will be available for issue at the
same time as the medals.
Individuals entitled to one OF
more of the campaign medals may
apply to any distribution center in
person. Applications may also be
sent in by mail by authorized
wearers or by next-Of-kin. Evi-
dence of service which entities the
applicant or next-Of-kin to the
medal must be presented at the
time of application.
/ Distributing points will prepare
local notices as to methods and ac-
tual time of availability.
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23
BUMPER CROPS POSSIBLE

Planting intentions are one thing; final
yields another. The promised far-hung fields
of waving wheat and ripening corn are not
yet garnered into elevators and cribs Never
theless, on the basis of average yields, some
interesting results are possible. Production
of all wheat, for instance, could reach 1,11O,-
100000 bushels compared with last years
record Of 1,364919OOO bushels and the ten
year average of 89O.3O6,OOO bushels. That
would be lot of wheat by any standard Corn
could chalk by total of around 100000 900
bushels-Well above the ten year average and
last years short crop of 24OO 952 900 bushels
The oats OuttUrn could ring the bell at 1885,
100000 bushels, which would be 1870 above
the 1947 crop and 1190 above the 1O-year aver
age.
The major uncertain factor in the overall
crop production outlook this year, as always,
is weather. Since l am no weather prophet
cannot speak authOTitatively on that sub
ject. do know, however that the wrong kind
of weather during the critical growing per-
iods can quickly change a bright crop picture
into an extremely dismal affair. l believe it
is more important this year than usual for all
buyers and sellers of farm commodities to
keep Watchful eye on weather conditions
from now on. They may we'll be the clue to
profitable timing of purchases or sales of farm
products in the months ahead.
\ WHAT ABOUT PRICES?
Can farmers this year reasonably expect tc
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23

The year-lOng running duel be-
tween the President and Congress
over income tax reduction ended in
victory for the lawmakers. Mr..
Truman's $500 words of veto met
the following terse rebuttal in the
Bridgeport Comm Post:
OUR BEWILDERED PRESIDENT
1--WE hope that President Tru-
mans tax-veto message, which
Congress promptly OverrOde by
overwhelming majOrities in both
houses, was written for him by a
ghost. We should hate to think
that the Presidency of the United
States, even for another year.. was
in the hands of man capable of
such inane, bewildered and COM
pletely Obfuscated reasoning.
For example, the President
made the point that a tax reduc-
tiOn will help to drive the cost of
living still higher It would be
necessary to rake through the in
sane asylums and the homes for
imbeciles to find a statement more
completely contrary to the facts.
"TaXes-lOcal, state, and ma
tiOnal-nOw take nearly thirty
cents out of every dollar produced
by the tOilers of America. Taxa
tiOn itself is the high cost of liv-
ing! The farmer gives up one
third Of his crop, the tOiler gives
up One-third of his toll, the bus
inessman gives up One-third of his
skill, all to go into the ever
greedy Federal maw.
THE greatest single step which
can be taken to reduce the high
cost of living would be a reduction
in the amount of money filched
from the pay envelope by the tax
grabbers. And yet, the President
of the United States has the al
most incOnceivable effrOntery to
tell the nation that reducing taxes
could add to the high cost of liv-
ing.
THE rest of Truman's message
was much in the same vein of rea-
sOning. For example, he opposed
the reduction on the ground that
forty percent of the tax reduction
would affect persons having in
comes of $4,000 or more. OF
course, that is only another way of
saying that if you reduce taxes.
those who are already paying the
most will get the most reduction.
How could it be otherwise? The
Presidents idea of fair tax re-
ductiOn, We'll say, is that every
body should be allowed a reduc-
ton of one dollar. That is, the
man whose present tax is one dol
lar would pay nothing, and the
man whose tax is $4,000 would
pay only 5000.
Suppose that two men are en-
gagged in tOting a load and one is
carrying only 10 pounds while the
other is carrying 100. Harry Tru-
mans idea of equalizing the load
is apparently to take one pound off
the shoulders of each
"In the face of such reasoning
even Henry Agard Wallace sounds
plausible.
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23

tion, not decision, all
Republican aspirants
may safely repudiate
all that Roosevelt
promised in his con.
ferences with Stain
and all that Mr.. Tru-
man promised after
he took office. Mr..
Truman lacked the
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23


is paid in accordance with the num-
Der Of people he employs. The
more people on his payroll the
more money for the boss.
The boss Of whatever grade, up
to those being paid $s.s75 d year
that is the top civil service family
-ean get an increase in wages by
the simple expedient Of. putting
more people on his payroll. He
may not. probably does not, need
more help to do the Job, but he IS
assured Of a raise when he gives
more Of the faithful government
jobs. He employs feather bed
ders" under rules Of the civil service
commission.
That silly rule Is responsible
for the employment OF many,
thousands OF unneeded people;
many thousands 6f additional bus
reaucrats who are but ''feather
bedders" serving no purpose other
than that Of making possible the
drawing Of a higher salary by
their boss.
Congress has taken no action on
the feather bedding that is a di-
rect cost to the American taxpayer.
Congress has, at least. made an
effort to stop Petrillo and his Inusi-
clans union from forcing payment
Of wages to unneeded musicians:
has attempted to save theater own
ers and other operators Of amuse.
ment places unnecessary expendi-
lures, but congress has made no
effort to curb feather bedding ac-
tivities Of the civil service commits
sion. The oVer-burdened taxpayer
must dig into his pockets 20 pay TIE
wages Of many thousands Of I'M
needed federal government en-
ployees and the increase in salaries
Of many small bosses the additional
employees make possible, under
that silly civil service commission
ruling. 49,. ass 80 s
The American people are viii
ing TO pay directors Of federal
employees for any increase "a effi-
cheney. Employing more people
than are needed to do q Job Is not
what the American people would
term efficiency.
incidentally, one Of the three
members Of the civil service COM
mission is Madame Perkins, former
secretary Of labor. When she quit
her cabinet post she did not sepa-
rate herself from the government
payroll On the present JOB. she
draws a salary Of $1,000 a year.
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23
Soviet Boy Hero
Goes To School

MOSCOW - P - The maga-
zine Trud reports that a 13-year-
old boy who served three years at
the front is now preparing to be a
Soviet army officer at a SuvOrov
school.
The lad, Serezha Aleshkin, was
six when the Germans hanged his
mother and burned his native viii
lage, the magazine said. He fed to
the woods and was found and adop-
ted by Soviet army men.
He became a hero when the Ger
man artillery hit his commanders
observation point. He ran to the
scene, dug out the commander who
was still alive and brought help. He
was awarded the medal for battle
services"
His teacher reported that he had
a hard time getting used to the
fact that he, in spite of his medals,
was just one among equals.
x
Milford chronicle., 1948-04-23
ROGER w. BABsoN

country, They are getting set to reap another
golden harvest, if their March planting in
tentions may be taken as a criterion Accord
ing to the official government report, farmers
expect to plant larger total acreage of pFin-
three seasons.
What will be the final results of these good
intentions, I do not profess to know. Much
depends upon climatic conditions in the
weeks ahead. They have been generally fav-
orable thus far, although the South has had
q little too much rain. Since about as many
persons were at work on farms on March l.
this year as last, the labor problem should not
prove too dificult. Supplies of farm machin-
cry and fertilizer are more plentiful, and any
other factors should not seriously interfere
with farm operations.