davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-03-25
British Reject Protest
By Soviet on 3-Power
Western Reich ParIey
By the Assoeioisd Press

LONDON, Mar. 25.-Britain to-
day rejected Russia's protest
against the United States-Brit-
ish-French negotiations for re-
building Western Germany's
economy.
A firm note to the Soviet gov
ernment said Great Britain wished
entirely to repudiate the accusa-
tions" made by Russia that the
negotiations violated the Potsdam
agreement.
The note blamed Russia for the
breakdown Of four-power co-opera-
tion for restoring Germany's eco
nomic unity.
Responsibility Put on Soviet.
"In the opinion of his majesty's
government" it said, responsibility
for the Illustration of their consist
ent attempts to promote to the
greatest possible extent practical
cooperation in Germany, directed
to the economic recovery and unity
of that country, rests clearly
upon the Soviet government.
"The refusal Of the Soviet gov
ernment to allow those conditions
to exist in Germany which are es-
sential for the we'll being of Europe
has been amply demonstrated by
their actions in the Control Council
and the Council of Foreign Min
isters and in all aspects Of the politi-
cal and economic discrimination in
the Soviet-occupied zone"
The note was sent in reply to one
directed by Russia to the three
big western powers while their rep
resentatives were comforting in Lon
don.
Ruhr Internationalized.
Out of that conference came an
agreement to place the industrial
Ruhr Valley under international
control, give Western Germany a
federalized form of government and
assign the area a role in the Eu-
ropean economic recovery program.
The Soviet protest said the con-
ference violated the Potsdam
agreement and the agreement on
control machinery in Germany, de-
spite the best endeavors of the So
Wet Government to promote the
successful working Of the agree
ments"
It cited numerous instances"
purporting to demonstrate the west
ern powers responsibility to live up
to those agreements.
Britain said it saw no reason to
comment in detail on the allega-
tionS.
Evening star., 1948-03-25
kentucky U. Won't Enroll q!
Nearo Teacher for Summer i j
BY the Associated Press

LOUISVILLE, KY, Mar. 25-The
University of Kentucky announced
last night it will reject. Negro
teacher's application for enrolment
at the schools summer session.
Lyman T. johnson said he filed
application in hopes Of being al
lowed to work toward his doctorate
in history and political science at
the university.
DR.. Maurice r. Seay, university
registrar, said at Lexington that
"Our policy has been pretty well
defined. We are prohibited both
by State law and the State Consti-
tuition from accepting the registra-
ton of a Negro"
The university's Board of Trus-
tees will determine a course of &C
ton If Mr.. johnson takes his case
to court, DR.. Seay said.
Mr.. johnson, the only Negro ap-
plicant for admission to the uni
versity, said, If am not admitted
want to know the reason why
''" have no apology to make for
being a Negro. I stand on my rights
as an American citizen"
Evening star., 1948-03-25
Reds Touch Oft Strike
In Trieste Shipyord

TRIESTE, Mar. Is (Py.-A Com
munist-led strike started today in
the San Marco shipyard.
Between 300 and 1000 members
of the Labor Union United Syndi-
cate quit to protest fining of one
member. The worker had been finec
days pay for allowing an unau-
thorized person into the shipyarc
to speak to the workers.
The rest of the international port
city is quiet, though tense.
Evening star., 1948-03-25
WaIIy, Wl!l'aLgren Dies;
World War / calioonist
By the Asseeietsd Press

PHILADELPHIA, Mar. 25.--Abian
A. "Wally" Wallgren, 56, cartoonist
for Stars and Stripes during World
War I, died yesterday after a long
illness.
Mr. Wallgren was credited by Gen.
Pershing with keeping up the morale
of thousands Of doughboys with his
travesties on officers and his hu-
morcus illustrations picturing the
difficulties and problems of soldiers
After the war. he continued his
activities on the American staff OF
Stars and Stripes, then joined the
American Legion Monthly. He con-
tinued with that magazine up to
the time of his recent illness.
Among Mr.. Wallgren's creations
were "Inbad the Sailor" "Hoosegow
Herman" and "The Saluting De-
mon"
Evening star., 1948-03-25
FOREIGN Aid
Continued From First Page.)

plus $1,00o,OOO,oO for loans only
through the Export-Import Bank.
On the question of trade between
Eastern and Western Europe, Mr..
Hoover yesterday was in closer &C
cord with the original hackers Of
ERP than the House Foreign Affairs
Committee, and this question prom
ises to produce one of the major
controversies when the House gets
down to voting next week.
Mr.. Hoover's letter said For
eign Affairs Committee amendment
goes too far in preventing Western
European countries from using
American materials to manufacture
and sell to Russian satellites any
commodity the satellites could not
obtain directly from the United
States.
Mr.. Hoover said the recipient ma
tions must trade with the satellites
to get off the international relief
rolls. In this view Mr.. Hoover is in
agreement with the original theory
behind ERP, namely. that revival
of east-west trade in Europe is es-
sential to long g-range recovery. Mr.
Hoover thinks a ban on shipment OF
munitions would be sufficient.
Representative Mundt, Republi-
can, of South Dakota, author of the
committee amendment, and some of
his colleagues, believe, however, the
amendment should be even stronger
They will thresh out the question in
a meeting of the Foreign Affairs
Committee Monday morning, just
before the House begins voting on
the omnibus bill, which also con-
tainS further economic and military
aid for Greece, Turkey and China.
When the House reconvened at 10
am. today, representative Marcan-
tonic, American-Laborite, of New
York was ready to let loose blast
against the bill. In prepared ad-
dress, he leveled his criticism at:
l. American corporations which
he said have taken over SUBJ
stantial part of the Italian
economy"
2. Secretary of Defense Forrestal
8. Will Clayton, cotton dealer ano
former Undersecretary of State fol
economic affairs, who has beer
mentioned as a possibility to rur
the economic end of the foreign aie
program.
Meanwhile, the Senate Appro'
priations Committee was strainins
today over approving an emergenc.
advance of $55 1000, 900 to keep pipe
lines to Italy, France and Austris
filled until the ERP program be-
comes law, even though the Senate
overwhelmingly passed the $500,
100000 authorization for the yea,
beginning April /.
Decision Sought Today.
The House passed the 1000 ,O0
stopgap fund Monday, with the un
Outstanding it will be taken out O
the $780, 100000 authorization, bu
the Senate committee put off
decision late yesterday after ques
tioning State Department official
for two hours as to why they coul
not get along until the ERP bil
Is on the statute books some tim
in April. The Senators will try t
reach a decision this afternoon.
During Senate debate yesterday
the question of turning the ator
bomb back to military control, i
view of troubled world conditions
came up. The bomb, and othe
Evening star., 1948-03-25

atomic energy control, were placed
under a civilian commission more
than year ago.
Chairman Bridges of the Appro-
priations Committee had finished
a speech, declaring that the best
way to prevent war with Russia is
to act swiftly and boldly to become
stronger.
Senator Wherry of Nebraska,
acting Republican floor leader, sug-
gested that If danger of war is
imminent Congress ought to con-
slider changing control of the bomb.
Senator Bridges said he had given
much thought to the problem.
Evening star., 1948-03-25

Lne u o ! ] c
Housing Author
ity, sue ceeding
Dillon S. Myer.
Mr.. Egan, for
rnerly a New
York architect,
has been serving
as acting COM
missioner since
D e &C m ber %,
last year. He
was nominated
for his post by
President Tru-.
m a n February
18, and was con-
frmed by the
Evening star., 1948-03-25
Hartley Awaits Result
OfTrumun Strike Action
By the Associated Press

DAYTON, Ohio, Mar. 25.-Repre-
sentative Hartley. Republican, of
New Jersey said last night he was
waiting to see what success Presi-
dent Truman has in ending the soft
coal strike before introducing his
oft-promised bill bringing unions
under antitrust laws.
IT intend to wait a short time
before offering my bill to see if the
President has powers under the
Taft-Hartley Act to curb the coal
strike" the Taft-Hartley Acts CO.
author told the Dayton Foreman's
Club.
Evening star., 1948-03-25
Kentucky QuintupIets
Die Within 20 Minutes
Rx iha Assneintad Prass

LOUISVILLE, KY, Mar. 25.-Mrs
Roman V. Gadlage, 81. was reported
resting comfortably at a hospital
here today after giving birth to
quintuplets-three girls and two
boys.
The three girls were stillborn
The boys lived in incubators for
about 20 minutes. They ranged
from 81 to IS ounces.
DR.. A. j. PAUL. said Mrs. Gadlage
was in her fifth month of pregnancy
and that If it had been a normal
pregnancy the babies probably would
have lived.
The Gadlages have a daughter
Kathleen, 20 months old.
Evening star., 1948-03-25

country today with conditions in
Germany when Adolf Hitler rose to
power during the last days OF Pres
ident Paul Won Hindenburg, he
asserted:
Truman is playing the same role
as Hindenburg, and any one could
be Adolf Hitler. The most likely
candidate I see now is (Secretary
for Defense) Forrestal."
The third-party vice presidential
candidate made the remarks in an
address at a rally of the Spanish
refugee appeal of the Joint Anti
Fascist Refugee Committee,
Evening star., 1948-03-25
Judges Ruling Is Filed
Against Rukes' Plea
By the Assoeicted Press

RICHMOND, Va, Mar. 25.-An
order entered in Federal Court here
yesterday has completed the record
on Judge johnson j. Hayes recent
judgment denying Hugh Namon
Rakes OF Leesburg reduction of his
three-year prison term.
Rakes was found guilty of aiding
and abetting in the misapplication
of nearly s500.000 from the Farmers
& Merchants State Bank Of Fred
ericksburg. Besides the three-year
prison term, be received a $4,000
fine.
Evening star., 1948-03-25
jap Lead Production Revives

TOKYO P.-Lead production in
Japan has reached prewar levels,
but the output Of all other metals
Is low or declining, the government
says. Shortage Of materials and
funds are blamed. Iron ore Is be-
ing produced at only "a per cent
of the prewar level.
Evening star., 1948-03-25

dent OF the cluD,
will assume Of
flee on July l.
He lives at 1921
North Albennarle
street, Airing
ton. Well known
in business and
civic circles, he
also is a director
Of the Washing
ton an &
Trust Co.
Other officers
of the Rotary
Club elected at
a luncheon yes
terday were: w.
Evening star., 1948-03-25
Philip N. Talbot Elected
President Of Rotary Club

Philip M. Talbot, vice president
and general manager of Woodward
g. Lothrop, has been elected presi-
dent of the Washington Rotary
Club.
Mr.. Talbot, a former vice presi-
Evening star., 1948-03-25
Eqan 10 Take Over
Housing Post Today

John Taylor Egan, veteran Of
World War I and a Government
career employe, will be sworn in
late today as new commissioner of
Evening star., 1948-03-25

EASTER FASHIONS ON THE HL-Wves of four Senators and
show their Easter bonnes at the Capitol
sign of spring Left to right in 'front.' Mrs H. Styles
Bridges of New Hampshire Mrs c. Wayland Brooks of Illinois
John Mcclellan of Arkansas In the Mrs
Edward McGnnis wfe of the sergeant and
Mrs Brien Mcmahon of Connecticut -AP Photo.
Evening star., 1948-03-25

Spencer Brenizer, vice president and
treasurer; Edwin l.. Davis, Lanier P
McLachlen, William R. Winslow and
DR.. Hobart M. Corning, Board of Di-
rectorS.
Evening star., 1948-04-11

An exciting example Oh democracy In actlOn
DRIDGEs EVANS, printer, Baptist Church leader and
Id YACA worker busy in his printing shop one morn
ing when door opened and two policemen entered Acting
without warrant they dragged him off to headquarters
where he photographed and fngepnted Without being
allowed contact his family lawyer. he thrown into
cell and held ncommuncado Il thought the Gesapo had
me for sure, Evans said later.
When his family and friends finally learned why Bridges
Evans was JAIL they shook their heads in disbelief For
Evanss only crime that he had criticized in public the
reignng political machine of his city.
That way political terror organized Cracker
machine and boss John Kennedy had taken Augusta
Ca by 1912 Augustus citizens not only afraid to crt
cze the Cracker political machne they had lost the abi
ty vote against it. Through corruption and intimidation
Boss" Kennedy had prevented any slate from running
against the Crackers" since 1880.
~WM the People Ruler"
To-Day Augusta of fement political revolution
is sweeping the city the kind of revolution that is desper
ately needed in many other cities throughout the country
Municipal reform, long overdue, is problem that faces
people of 10000 urgently faces them in cities
of million.
Forty-1ve years ago. Lincoln Steens looked the
rupon graft and political terrorism which avaged cities
and asked "Wl the people rule? Is municipal democracy
possble?"
The question is still fair one The same corruption graft
and political terrorism that Steens found in 1903 still posons
many u S cities But there notable exceptions towns
like Hartford, Conn, and Kansas City, kan which have
recently overhrown their political machines Of all such
cities perhaps the with the significant experience
is Augusta
Few cities have been corrupted by bad
Few cities have had learn dramatically what it
live under a local dictator, and few have
fought hard regain their freedom.
In the last 10 years. everyone Augusta from the largest
businessman to the smallest school child learned what
to live under local dictator The police Ken
nedys private militia Instances of without
innuerable Opposing the machine just wasn't healthy
from movie with his wife and children and held Jail half
Businessmen Submitted OK Else
WHEN local merchant called Kennedy "a real Hitler
hours later the police appeared and charged him with viola
ton of ordinance because he had stayed open five minutes
after closing time factory started to oppose Boss
Kennedy Next day. representative of the machine bearing
the official title of plumbing Inspector threatened condemn
every pipe in the mans building
When local dayman criticized the machine police began
aresting his truck drivers trunpedup traffic charges
Through his control of the cts and taxation,
Boss Kennedy forced businessmen shopkeepes into
submission businessman who dared speak against
the machine would have the assessment his building
raised But when certain Cracker potico bought house
that had been valued at $3500 the mmed
ately knocked down to $4,000.
Water bills altered at the whm of Cracker henchmen
in the Water Department Friends of the machine had theirs
Evening star., 1948-04-11
aaA TERROR IN THE U.S.A. b, Lawrence. ....,
bv Lawrence Lader

The frightening story of how an American
city let itself slip into the hands of a
dictator and what its citizens did next.
An exciting example of democracy in action
Evening star., 1948-12-03

paign, and what Dorothy Thompson.
he says is likely to be interpreted as
from the horses mouth" If this
should happen to be so, or even II
it represents further influential per-
sons in the White House encourage
it is certainly news and needs
comment as such.
ME-. Franklin presents, as state
ment of fact, that President Tru-
man walked into the White House
after "F. D. r. and his policies had
been Isolated and neutralized" by a
conspiracy of wall Street and
BRASS" which has held President
Truman in its grip for four years
and used him as screen for pre-
pairing aggressive war against the
Soviet Union. Mr.. Franklin calls II
preventive war"
However, says Mr.. Franklin, the
American people on November
forced a change in direction and
"dynamita1 the whole Byrnes-For-
restal- Marshall program" as the
result of which there will be
changes in Europe, China, the Near
East and Latin America" These
changes will be designed to show
the world that we are really peace
loving.
I find the view that a policy OF
general appeasement of the So
viets was voted by the American
people rather hard to understand
1t would make it appear that ii
was really Mr.. Wallace who won
the election, and that the President
has a mandate to carry out the
Wallace policies. This is the exact
argument being advanced by the
Wallaceites-Mr. Truman was elect
ed on our platform and is therefore
committed to it. But I do not think
it is the view of President Truman.
The charges Mr.. Franklin makes
against the Presidents State anG
War Departments are both untrue
and highly dangerous to our posi-
ton at this moment-during the
mounting Berlin crisis and the
Evening star., 1948-12-03
Palace Guard to Stay
Truman to Make Another Stab at Running
The New Deal Without New Dealers

greater representation in his Of
fetal family had been dimmed two
weeks ago after one of their number,
Governor elect BoWles of Connecti-
cut, made his duty call upon the
White House. The former price ad-
ministrator congratulated the Presi-
dent heartily on his victory and sug-
gested that with this mandate from
the people he could go forward with
new hopes and new people convinced
of the virtue Of his cause.
The President froze. He said he
thought they had been getting
along pretty we'll around there.
Mr.. Bowles was never a Truman
favorite and his news and views
were squelched with great regular
ity by presidential intimate John
Snyder and others in the palace
guard during his closing days mere.
Some hope was expressed that this
new squelch was directed at him
personally; apparently it was a
true portent of the Truman course.
The Truman reasons are prob
ably largely personal with the
President. He is kind and not
vindictive; though he loses his
temper easily he does not sulk.
And he is a true rural Missourian,
suspicious of new people, preferring
always those he has known a long
time. Even their faults have to
him the virtue of familiarity.
Women Made Real Fight.
Among those who will be disap-
pointed if the President does not
decide he owes them greater recog-
milton will be the Democratic
women. They made a real fight
for him; from the start the wom-
ems division was exhorted by it's
leaders, Mrs. India Edwards and
Mrs. Gladys Tillott, to ignore the
family in-fighting, Wallaceites and
Dixiecrats alike, and concentrate
on the issues.
Campaign schools were held and
reams Of material on the Pres
Evening star., 1948-12-03

that only three cabinet members,
Secretaries Brannan and Tobin and
Attorney Gen. Clark, had really
put on blue ribbon performances
for the boss. In contrast the list
of those who never would be missed
was impressively large.
But the President apparently pre-
fers not to rock the boat now that
it is safely in port. He did not
vouchsafe his reasons for this de-
cision.
Official Family to Stay.
1t indicates that he will make an
other stab at running the New Deal
without New Dealers. This was not
particularly successful in 1945 As: in
47-48 the Republican Congress took
the onus off the President anyway
by refusing to have anything to
do with his proposals. When they
did hold hearings, the cabinets
lack of enthusiasm for many Of
the Truman economic and social
programs was conspicuous.
Hopes of the liberal Democrats
that the President might give them
Evening star., 1948-12-03
On the Record
Reports of Softer Policy Toward Russia
Play Into Hands of Avowed Enemies

meeting of the United Nations Gen.
eral Assembly. OF course, certain
Army officers and armchair strate-
gists believe that war is unavoid-
able, offense the best defense, and
that we should 60 right TO it with
atomic bombs.
But that is not the view Of any
part of the administration. That
the President ever would dynamite"
Mr.. Marshall is preposterous. The
President has the most devoted con-
fidence in him. ANY seeming tran
STORY riffs have been the result of
the Presidents natural impetuosity,
and If the Secretary resigns it will
be because of insistent and long
neglected warnings of his physi-
clans. But apparently there are
people in the administration, or
close to 1t, who would like to see the
Marshall plan torpedoed.
Shown by Experience.
American experience with Molo-
tov has shown that. where the So
viets are confronted with unprovoc-
ative but firm American unity. they
retreat. But they never accept that
unity as final and always are seek
ing ways to breach it. Unfortunate
ly, they usually find persons here
who will help, however uncon-
sciously.
Thus I am certain that before
these words of mine appear, Mr..
Franklin's column will have been
widely quoted in Europe, with the
information that its author Is the
Presidents confdant and speaks
for influential administration cir
cles. Immediately a new note Of
uncertainty will be introduced into
highly dangerous and unstable
situation. People will say that
America is retreating and an epoch
Of appeasement starting, and will
gather that they had better make
peace with the Communists. Even
worse, a source close to the White
House will be quoted as confirming
word for word the charges against
Mr.. Marshall and the War Depart
ment, which are repeated every day
in the worlds Communist press.
Our foreign policy does, indeed,
need more precision and clarifica-
ton regarding its ultimate objec-
tives But it is shame to make
such criticisms as play directly into
the hands of our avowed enemies
and create further uncertainties
among those who still are our
friends.
released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1948-12-03
This Changing World
Nine. Chiang's Pleas for New Speedy Aid
In Fight Against Reds Expected to Fail

lsimo Is planning to move tc
Canton.
According to available informa-
ton, China's first lady expects tc
discuss in Washington the posi-
bilities of American support whell
Gen. Chang tries to organize new
forces, far away from the pressure
of the Communists. Unquestion-
ably she will find quite a few
persons in Washington willing tc
discuss long-range plans which in
volve no actual or immediate COM
mitments.
There is agreement in theory be-
tween a number of American STRAIT
egists-among whom Gen. Mac
Arthur is said to be included-and
Gen. Chang that some day we may
have to pay for our mistakes OF
the last two years by being forced
to fight in China once more. When
that day will come no one ventures
to say, but estimates range from
5 to Is years.
Our leaders in Washington are
much too preoccupied with other
more immediate problems to waste
much time in such distant consid-
erations. But there is no reason not
to discuss them, theoretically at
least, with Nine. Chang, if such
talks bring her and her husband
some consolation. At any rate, they
do not involve sending war material
or other forms of aid to China at
the present moment.
May Quit Tsingtao.
Meanwhile, there is a strong pos
sibility that our Marines now sta
toned at Tsingtao and the task
fleet under the command of Vice
Admiral Oscar Badger may be Or
dered to evacuate that base. While
no decision has yet been taken, it
seems logical that such an order
will be issued as soon as the Com
munists occupy all of Shantung
Province, which heretofore has been
under the Nationalist government,
and enter the port itself.
The Communists are not expected
to be openly hostile. But since the
force is there to maintain law and
order and to protect Western ma
tionals, the Communistic authorities
can demonstrate convincingly that
they are capable of doing those jobs
themselves. There will be some
difficulty in rejecting a polite" re-
quest that we pack up and leave,
since we have no business keeping
an armed force on Chinese territory.
This eventuality is being consid-
cred now by our political and mill
tary authorities in Washington. It
is highly probable that as soon as
the Communists reach Tsingtao,
and no violence appears, to endanger
American lives and property, we
shall leave that base