davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01
Swampy Wasteland


wool clip was sheared from the
yearling lambs this year.
Use Touch Culling
The touch culling system was re-
vived again this year after lapse
during the war. Dean j. A. Hill of
the Wyoming college of agriculture
supervised the job. About 1i3 of the
crop was saved and the balance
sold. No definite figures ON fleece
weight increases have been kept
but the brothers are convinced of
the value of the plan.
Open sheds are now available for
shelter on the ranges. This plan was
adopted after a cold rain in June
following shearing that caused
heavy loss of sheep. The sheep are
not sheared until May, contrary to
the common practice in the area of
shearing in February and March.
The reason, says Fred Grabbert, is
that it is often 25 below in these
early months, and while the sheep
seldom die, they are not in the best
condition. Holding up shearing until
May will find the sheep in better
condition and the ewes with more
milk.
The Grabberts have 100 sections
of grazing lands plus 1000 acres of
decided mountain grazing. They have
500 head of cattle, 200 of which are
Aberdeen-Angus.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01
Dates to Note

April -10-Annual convention Mon
tana Future Farmers of America,
Bozeman.
April 15-Deadline for filing state
income tax returns.
May l3-ls-64th annual conven-
ton, Montana Stockgrowers asso-
citation, Bozeman.
May 13-I5-Montana State college
1948 Little International livestock
show, Bozeman.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

Grazing fees TO go up-The gov
ernment plans to raise the cost of
grazing animals on its national for
est lands.
Putting a COW on federal pastures
is going up from 81 cents month
per COW to 40 cents during the
coming year.
Sheep grazing fees will be raised
from 71a cents to 10 cents per head
per month.
This information was given by
Chief Forester Lyle F. Watts to the
house appropriations committee. He
did not say when the increase will
be effective.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01
Federal Crop Reports


Plan record planting - Montana
farmers plan record crop paintings
totaling 5,O49,0OO acres this spring.
This would exceed last springs
paintings of 4,855, 900 acres by per-
cent, reports Statistician P. ]. Greer
of the bureau of agricultural eco
nomics.
Adequate labor and moisture are
forecast.
Expected acreages include: Spring
wheat, 3,352,000, up percent over
last spring; flaxseed 100000, down
$4,000; sugar beets, 77,000, down S.
900; dry beans, $4,000, up 5000; dry
peas, 5000, smallest since 1928; corn,
$1,000, up 2 percent; oats, $4,000,
down 5 percent; barley, $4,000, up
percent; potatoes, $4,000, up per-
cent, and hay, 2,373,000 acres, down
/ percent.
The report said Montana's 1948
wheat acreage will total 5,067 900,
including 1,936,000 acres of winter
wheat in the ground.
New acreages this year comprise
much new breaking of land uncul-
tivated previously.
''The supply of farm labor and ma
chinery is expected to be generally
adequate for seasonal needs Creer's
report said. with the exception of
local areas, the reserve of soil mois-
ture is sufficient for good seed ger
mination. Recent surveys of snow
cover on water sheds indicate the
supply of irrigation water will be
generally sufficient"
Hatchery production down-Com-
mercia1 hatchery production in Mon
tana during February amounted to
100000 chicks or a decrease of 29
percent from the corresponding pc
riod in 1947. Total number of chicks
hatched to date for 1948 is 10000
compared to $4,000 for 1947. The
number of eggs in incubators on
March 1 was percent more than
last year. However, the number OF
chicks booked for April delivery is
approximately So percent less than
in April of 1947. Unless conditions
take turn for the best, the overall
hatchery production this year will
not equal the previous years output
Recent figures showed that Mon
tana ranked third last year in the in
termountain region in number Of
commercial chicks Matched, only ex-
ceeded by Colorado and Idaho. The
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

xuDSOll MOISTURE
Record crop production - Crops
produced during 1947 on the Sun
River reclamation project near Great
Falls, were valued at $3,086, ,692.56,
an increase of $572,803.53 over 1946,
a record year up to that time, K. F.
Vernon, director of region 6, bureau
of reclamation, reported.
The net area under cultivation
during 1947 was 81,788 acres, making
the average per-acre return $3774.
The gross crop return of $3,086, ,692.56
includes $73,82926 in federal and
factory payments for last years
sugar beet production and for soil
conservation practices carried on
during 1916. The gross return for
1916 was $2,513,889 an average re-
turn of $31.12 from the 80,773 acres
under cultivation at that time.
Crops produced on the Sun River
project during the past four years
approximately equals the $10,000,OO0
cost of constructing the project.
Oleo Issue Shelved - The house
agriculture committee voted 16 to 10
to shelve all legislation to repeal
federal taxes on oleomargarine.
Chairman Hope R-Kan.) said:
s'This kills legislation to repeal these
taxes at this session of congress"
What it means is that the commit
tee won't send any repeal bills to
the floor where house members
could vote on them.
Some members favoring repeal in
dicated they will try to get bill
to the floor by discharge petition.
This would require signatures Of
z18 house members. Whether these
signatures can be obtained is doubt
full
Oleo taxes are:
On colored oleo at retail, 10 cents
q pound; on uncolored at retail, A
cent pound,
Six hundred dollars a year license
on manufacturers.
Sheep decline checked-The down
ward trend in Wyomings sheep pop
ulation seems to have been stopped
A. w. Willis, Wyoming agricul-
tural extension service economist
said the decline has been plugged al
2,344,000 head, and breeding re-
-ox,x,o IF 1xx,oe ssxxy;1I nauco fba cboor
population to spiral upward again ir
early 1949."
Willis said $4,000 more eve lambs
are being held in the state this year
for flock requirements than yea
ago.
Expand Farm Production-Farm
ers will center this years efforts OF
boosting the nations future supply
of meats, dairy and poultry products
This was shown by an agriculture
department report on survey o
growers spring crop planting plans
The report said farmers expect 4
plant larger acreage of principa
crops than in any of the past thre
seasons-providing weather permits
They will put special emphasis ol
livestock feed crops. A short corr
crop last year caused feed short
age. AS result, production of mea
and other livestock products is de
clining.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

May I3-I5-Montana State college
1948 Little International livestock
show, BoZeman.
last years small one. But larger
acreages of oats and barley are
planned. These grains will give
farmers feed late in the summer and
early fall-a time when supplies may
be scarce.
FLA district meet Bill Floer-
chinger, president of the Conrad
FLA chapter, won the public speak
ing contest in one of the highights
of the Glacier district convention of
the Future Farmers of America. His
topic was "Co-operatives and the
Farmer" BY winning he automati-
cally becomes the districts repre-
sentative speaker at the state con-
vention in Bozeman April 8. Steve
Barcus of Browning placed second
and Rex Manuel of Fairfield was
third.
The convention brought together
101 delegates from six different
chapters. These represented Brown
ing, Simms, Power, Cascade, Conrad
and Fairfield. The two-day program
consisted of grain judging, farm
shop contest, livestock judging and
rifle contest. Other activities were
a horseshoe contest, parliamentary
procedure contest, and a talent fea-
ture. The latter was won by an FLA
band representing the Simms chap
ter. Browning placed second and
Conrad third.
Little surplus feed-County exten-
sion. agents in 48 of Montana's 5R
counties report there is very little
surplus livestock feed in the state
and even this may be needed if the
winter is prolonged.
The report shows some surplus
hay available in the irrigated Sec
tons of the state but the amounts
are small. Most of the counties re-
port adequate winter and spring
range for present numbers of live
stock but only one county reported
surplus of grazing.
County agents reported soil mois-
ture conditions for summer grass as
good to fair but large areas were
reported dry and in need of mois-
ture.
Some livestock have been brought
into the state from the drouth
stricken areas of California and in
most instances it has been purchased
by Individual operators who have
feed and range available, the exten-
sion service said.
Little Observation-Disclosures O.
the 1948 Little International, to bt
held at Montana State college as on,
of the feature attractions of the an
nua1 convention of the Montan;
Stock Growers association, have ar
ranged to have three performance
rather than two as in past years.
The performance the night of Ma,
13, according to Louis Anderson
manager, will be called stockmen'
night and this show will be givel
exclusively for those attending th
stock growers association conven
ton.
College students, All club mem
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

30 eight inches, but there Is httls
subsoil moisture.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

last years small one. But larger
acreages of oats and barley are
planned. These grains will give
farmers feed late in the summer and
early fall-a time when supplies may
be scarce.
The Nome nugget., 1948-08-27

Lady loPpereII Sheets
 One of Americas Best Size 8l x IU8 IncEes 2.59 Size % A lO8 Inches 2.89 Pillow Gases .39 Lower Than Present Wholesale Cost
The Nome nugget., 1948-08-27

Mems and boys Cotton Shirts.
 Odd brands but good quality. Values to 85c. Sale Price 49c
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Judge Derry To
Seek Reelection
CONTINUED from Page One)

CONTINUED from Page One)
Their fact that we have had the as
| s~istance of the members of the bar,
without whose cooperation the courts
could not function.
at is my sincere belief that the
bar of this district is not anywhere
excelled, either for ability or integ-
rity. The help that has been extend
ed to me has been largely respon-
sible for my being able to- handle
the litigation that has come before
INV department of the court, without
unreasonable delay. 1t is my hope
that if reelected to my present po-
sition. l may continue to merit the
trust and confidence of those who
have occasion to deal with the courts
of this state"
AS a youth Judge Derry came to
Montana from Nebraska, where he
had attended the state university.
Following his admission to the bar
of Montana, he was engaged in the
active practice of law in Billings for
On wears before his election to the
bench. AS a judge, he has been
called upon to try cases IN nearly
every district of the state, n a
frequently served as a member OF
the supreme court when n OF the
Judges of that court has been dis
qualified. Except for two terms as
. member of the Billings city coun-
cil. the judgship in the only public
office ever held by him. He has
taken an active part in community
affairs, and is a member of several
f~raternal societies and the Billings
Kiwanis club.
Judge and Mrs. Derry reside at
,o46 North Thirty-first street II
Billings. They have three children
Mrs. William S. King, of Billings
Mrs. William T. Kelly, who gradu-
ated from the Montana State n
versitv Monday, and a son, Craig
berry. Billings photographer. His
family was represented in the late
11ar bv his son and both sons-n-law,
al of whom served overseas as en-
listed men.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Psychology Said More
Dangerous Than Bomb

Continued from Page One)
into teaching teachers as his con-
tribution to society.
DIR. Peterson was introduced by
Harlan Russell, program chairman
At the beginning of the meeting
Pres. w. A. Mccormick called on
DR.. R. J. Rosselot for a report on
the clubs All project. The latter
stated that five Berkshire pigs from
Bill Rosselot's gilt had been placed
with Lester Roman, Laurel; Leroy
Wetch, Laurel; Don Stief, Boyd;
Melvin Ruff, Laurel, and Eldon
Ungefug, Laurel. He suggested that
the Kiwanis members visit the boys
and see the hogs.
President Mccormick announced
that the meeting next week may be
a picnic affair, depending on the
sentiment of the members. He re-
quested that they register their COM
ments by Monday. The meeting will
also be ladies' night. George Nc
Cormick was appointed chairman of
a special committee to insure the
comfort of the guests.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Open-Face Sheep Produce
More Wool, Bigger Lambs

Open-face sheep are better all a.
round producers under Nevada con-
ditions than those with wool on the
face, which has a tendency to u
wool blindness.
Reason that open-face sheep pro-
duce more and bigger lambs and
grow more wool is that they r not
subject to wool blindness.
This is indicated by information
gathered by A. ]. Reed of the Uni
versity of Nevada agricultural extern
sion service recently from a variety
of sources.
Since face wolliness or lack Of it
is inherited, Reed says authorities
agree that it is best to breed animals
which are open-faced. Examples of
open-face breeds are Columbia and
Panama, developed by the U.S.D.A.,
Corriedale developed in Australia,
and some Rambouillets.
The Importance of op%en-faced sheep
has been emphasized again, Reed
says, by a check made on the lamb
production of 1893 Rambouillet ewes
born at the Western Sheep Breeding
Laboratory at Dubois, Idaho, over a
three-year period.
Actual experimental work proves
that open-face ewes in the same
breed and under the same conditions
weigh more, produce more and big
ger lambs, and even shear more
pounds of wool per animal. Open
face feeder lambs make a larger gain
and more profit, simply because they
can see.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Forest Fire Record Improves

In spite of several spectacular and
costly forest fires, such as the Maine
disasters which made national head
lines in 1947, the total number of
fires last year dropped to about 172,-
900 from a average of 100000 before
the war. Although this decrease is
encouraging, forest fires still remain
a major national problem. According
to the forest service, fires last year
destroyed enough trees of saw-tim-
Der size to build $4,000 five-room
houses and enough pole-sized trees to
provide a 12-month supply Of news
print for every newspaper in the
United States"
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Many Farmers Not Prosperous

According to the 1915 census of
agriculture, nearly a third of our
farms in 1914 each grew less than
j, 1000 worth of products. Nearly 60
per cent of all farms each turned out
less than $4,000 worth of products.
Nearly three-fourths of u farms
grew less than $4,000 worth of pro-
ducts. The operators of these farms
took in much less cash than the
amount of those figures-and still
had to pay their production costs. A
great many in this big group are not
now able to meet their farm and
family costs from farm incomes.
Many of these farms, of course, are
part-time and subsistence units.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Soviets Honor Native Son

Russian town of Totma, U miles
east of Leningrad, is building a monu-
ment to honor the memory of a ma
tive son, Ivan Kuskov who in 1872
raised the Russian flag on the bas-
tions of Fort Ross, which he had
built in California. The settlers of
Fort Ross explored the area for about
&c miles around, discovered several
rivers and the highest peak of north
ern California, Mount Shasta. Fort
Ross was about so miles north of San
Francisco. Ross in this case is the
root word of Russia" For 80 years
the California fortress was an out
post of imperial Russia's domains.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Structure of the Atom

Electron is the fundamental par
ticle of negative electricity. The pro-
ton is a fundamental particle which
carries a positive charge of electrici-
ty equal in magnitude to that of the
electron, but opposite in sign. The
neutron has practically the same
mass as that of the proton, but it has
zero charge. Each atom consists of a
nucleus containing protons and neu-
irons, and in orbits relatively far out
from the nucleus are electrons whose
total electrical charge just balances
that of the protons.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Belem, Airline Junction,
Clings to Jungle's Edge

Belem, on the north coast of Brazil,
has acquired the reputation of a
"jumping-off spot" Surrounded by
matted jungle, Belem is the chief
commercial outlet for the Amazon
Valley, a fabulous frontier comprising
almost a third of South America and
still untamed except for a handful of
towns and settlements along the
banks of the Amazon river.
Belem lies near the mouth of this
fantastic river, largest in the world.
Zigzagging 1900 miles from the An
des in Peru through the jungles, for
ests and plains of Brazil, the ANA
ION muddies the waters of the Allan
tic ocean for more than a hundred
miles offshore.
Population of Belem is about
$50, 0 Despite it's Importance as
Brazil's principal port, Belem is a
leisurely city with the atmosphere of
a village. It's broad boulevards trail
off into muddy paths. The jungle
clutches its outskirts. People dress
simply and eye the tourist with
friendly, child-like curiosity.
At the docks nondescript coastal
tramps and Amazon river boats tie
up to load and unload their cargoes.
All vessels are called Canoes, even
though they may be two-masted
schooners. All have different colored
sails to identify them.
Belem is an important junction on
- MI --l
South America. 1t is only 20 hours
from New York and 16h hours from
Miami by air.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
Moonlight RainbowS

Rainbows can be formed by
moonlight just as they are formed
by sunlight, but the colors are very
faint and difficult to distinguish.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09

Elihu Thomson, American electri-
clan, operated the first radio set in
history, in 1875. This set antedated
those of Hertz and Marconi.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09
National Defense

National defense constitutes the
largest single item of the budget. It
is placed at II billion dollars, or %
per cent of the total.
Laurel outlook., 1948-06-09

Smallest radio tube ever made is
but slightly larger than a grain of
rice. 1t Was developed for U. S. mill
tary uses
Evening star., 1948-11-14
The Travellers Notebook
Taking Pictures on a Caribbean Cruise

jana Mosjid Mosque. The exterior
makes a good shot, particularly if
you can get some local life from the
street into the foreground:
On the spectacular drive to Mara
cas- Bay many photo possibilities
present themselves, such as sweep
ing views over deep valleys, combi-
nations of land and seascapes. The
beach at Maracas, with its enfolding
|headlands, is one of the most color
full beaches in all the Caribbean.
En- route to Pitch Lake is Curepe
village, which has charming little
Hindu temple. Paintings of animals
and people of Hindu mythology de-
corate the walls. The old priest
has an almost severe-looking face,
but actually he is cooperative to
camera fans. He speaks no English,
but some one around almost GER
tainly can. Following cooperation,
a small contribution to the parish
religious activities would be in order.
You'll pass sugar plantation
where two-wheel carts, some pulled
by hump-shouldered Indian cattle,
line up to have their loads of sugar
cane weighed. At Pitch Lake, one
can take pictures Of digging and
loading operations. The main gang
of workers is bit inclined to mug
or be camera shy. You may get
what you want if you are patient
and park yourself near them until
they forget about you. We. found
several independent workers of to
one side of the lake, who gladly
posed and showed us the operations
in detail. AS a panorama, the lake
itself is not too photogenic.
Trinidad's second town is San
Fernando. The main street Of this
interesting place has more Hindus
than Port Of Spain. You'll see the
women with their characteristic
yelled heads, sitting in the street.
side shops.
Several pages Of the book take
up the numerous picture possibili-
ties in Venezuela.
Evening star., 1948-11-14
By DonoId H. Muoridoe

The simultaneous exhibition given
by Norman T. Whitaker at the Fed
eral Chess Club Tuesday attracted
20 opponents. Mr.. Whitaker won 13
games, lost 6 and drew one. Among
the winners were E. Boschan, N.
Robins and w. Schaeffer.
The previous Tuesday Mr.. Whit
aker had won the Federal clubs
monthly rapid-transit tourney by a
2-point margin. In this double
round event the scores were: Whit
aker, 9-1; E. Nash and H. Burdge,
7-3; H. v. Klein, SIS; H. C. Under
wood, 2-8, and J. c. Williams, 0-10.
Both of the Whitaker-Nash games
were drawn.
Weaver w. Adams, winner of this
years national open championship
at Baltimore. has been scheduled to
appear at the Washington Chess
Divan for a lecture January and
a simultaneous exhibition January 8.
Six additional games have been
completed in the Divan's cham
pionship tourney. Oscar Shapiro,
by defeating in succession John T.
Rice and Henri P. Reyss, has OBJ
tanned q score Of five straight wins
and a commanding lead. D. H.
Mugridge, the defending champion.
has dropped another IL points out
of two games, and has thereby
eliminated himself from any prac-
tical chance of retaining the title.
Against Carl F.. Sieweke he made
an unsound sacrifice of knight.
and ultimately drew a complicated
end-game with queen and four
pawns against queen and bishop;
against William F. Gray he missed
several winning lines and finally
lost by means of violently unsound
combination.
Sieweke replied to Reyss' queens
gambit unsuccessfully, losing his
queen in few moves and the game
in Is. The game between 1t. Comdr.
Walter F. Michaels and Ernest F.
Knapp was adjourned in an end
game position, and drawn without
resumption of play.
The following game from the
tourney illustrates the differences
of defending a cramped position
Notwithstanding the reduction of
material. Black successfully gets
the queen off the board, only to
emerge with an untenable rook end
ing.