davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Researchers Develop
Radio Which Uses
No Vacuum Tubes

NEW YORK-A new scientific
achievement, a radio set with nc
vacuum tubes, that plays instantly
when turned on, has been de-
veloped.
The heart of this set is a few bits
Of metal, as big as match heads
These are solid, but they do the same
work as intricate, conventional ra'
dio tubes.
Smaller sets seem possible. But
whether they will be the size OF
wrist watches is not yet known.
The new set, shown by the Bell
Telephone laboratories. does not
need to war; up before it plays. 1t
neither lights mol glows nor produces
any heat. Less juice than a fash
light runs it.
The set still is under experiment,
and is not soon TO be on the market.
Bell scientists, who made it. have
discovered a new principle of cleo
tronics, and expect this principle to
have many uses in addition to radio
sets.
In place Of radio tubes, the set
uses little metal cylinders, hollow.
not much larger than the metal tips
of shoe laces. At the base Of each
is set a match-head size bit Of metal
that does the. new radio miracle.
This metal is one Of the sort known
as semi-conductors. That means the
metal transmits electricity very
poorly. But the metal ampliies the
current running into 1t If the intake
and output wires are attached to the
little ball at the correct spacing.
This spacing is about as much as
the thickness of a sheet Of paper.
The wires are hair thin. They
and the bit Of metal at the bottom
are all the tube contains. The cleo
tronic action in the piece Of metal
causes no known wear. The metal
in this first set is germanium. Sew
eral other metals have been used.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Worried by looming Prices,
Landlord Cuts Tenants Rent

RACINE, WIS.ACol. l.. c. Chris
Jensen has expressed his concern
over the high cost Of living by re-
ducing the zen of liz families by S.
a month.
why all the commotion?" he
asked with the air of a man who has
just bitten a dog. I've done pc
culiar things before"
He said the rent was cut in APP
probation of his tenants thoughtful
ness and promptness in paying their
rent.
His firm, Col. L.. c. Christensen
Associates, handles the rental of
more than 200 properties. The 112
rent reductions were given to ten
ants who have been with Christen-
sen for more than five years.
The white-haired Christensen, in
the real estate business for 46 years,
own many of the properties af-
fected by the rent cut, but also will
absorb the loss Of income from
properties owned by others and
handled by him. he said.
people have more trouble meet
ing their obligations today than
they did two years ago." he ex-
planned. This is my contribution
toward holding down the cost OF
living"
The reduction will mean a loss Of
income to Christensen of $500 a
month. The nine month gift will
cost him S5040.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Radio Device Helps Buby
Sitter Care for Children

SHANKS VALLEY, N. VA radio
baby sitter for student veterans liv-
ing here has been put into operation
by Mai. j. L. Wood of Seattle.
1t enables one baby sitter to take
care Of a number Of children in their
own homes on such occasions as
community dances.
Mai. Wood is living here with his
wife and two children while study
ing at Teachers College. Before he
entered the army he was in COM
mercial radio.
His procedure is to place a micro
phone near the crib of each baby to
be watched and connect it to an
amplifier in his own home.
Each amplifier is labeled with the
name of the baby being watched.
In each home he also places an
alarm clock ear the baby so that
If its ticking ceases the baby sitter
will know that the radio device is
no longer working.
The microphone Is so sensitive
that It will even transmit the sound
Of the child's breathing.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Miss Bligh Busby
WEEDS Rudy Phillips,
St.AnthOny's Church

The marriage of Miss Bligh
Busby, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs.
R. B. Busby, and Rudy Lee Phil
lips, son of Mr.. and Mrs. W.
C. Phillips, was solemnized at 10
a m. Friday in rites by Rev. I.
O'Shea at st. Anthony's Catholic
church. Fall flowers decorated the
church and Miss Armelda Phil
lips, sister of the bridegroom,
played the wedding music.
The bride was given in mar
riage by her father and wore
a suit of sand tone with choco-
late accessories and a corsage
of Talisman roses. She carried
a rosary, the gift of the bride
groom's mother.
Maid of honor was Miss Betty
Mandelkow of Billings, wearing
a green suit with brown %accessor-
les and a corsage of pink roses
The brides mother wore a black
and white print, and Mrs. Phil
lips dark green with brown &C
c%essories. Both had corsages of
asters and rosebuds.
James Phillips served as best
man for his brother, and usherS
were Frank Sheldon of Spokane,
cousin of the bride, Jack Milligan
and Robert Rosselot.
A reception in the parish hall
followed the ceremony. Presiding
at the serving table were Mrs.
H. E. Starkey, Mrs. Clinton An
derson, Miss Bonnie Barr and
Miss Phillips. Mrs. Charles
Brake of Libby, sister of the
bride, cut and served the three
tier wedding cake. Miss Patricia
Busby was in charge of the guest
book.
Out of town guests we're Mr..
and Mrs. James w. Riddle, the
brides grandparents, Mr.. and
Mrs. George Gauger, Mrs. Charl-
es Riddle and daughter La Dana
Rae, Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Mandel-
kow, Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond
Hackert and Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer
Thompson, all of Billings, and
Lee Parks of Lowell, Wyo.
Mrs. Phillips is a graduate of
the Billings senior high school
and has been employed by the
Chapman pharmacy the past year.
Mr.. Phillips, a Laurel high
school graduate, served three
years in the navy and is a North
ern Pacific employe. The couple
will make their home in Laurel.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Thirfeen-Yeur-0l Mystery
Still Puzzles Sheriffs

Ell PASO, TEX. Somewhere
in the eroded butte country Of east
ern New Mexico there are the bones
of four people-two men and two
women who disappeared 10 years
ago while on a trip to the West
coast.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Lorius of
East St. Louis, ILL.,, and their travel
ing companions, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Hebere Of DeQuoin, ILL.,,
spent the night of May 81, 1885, in
Vaughn, N. M. They apparently
reached Albuquerque, N. M, where
postcards bearing their handwriting
were mailed the next day.
There the trail ended. The Lorius'
1881 model automobile gave authori-
ties their only clew. A nervous
young man with a prominent adams
apple abandoned the al in Dallas
after passing through Ell Paso. He
left a trail Of Lorius' travellers
checks before he disappeared in
Dallas.
Texas and New Mexico sheriffs
in this sparsely populated country
along the Mexican border never
have doubted that the party was
murdered. Murder. however, can't
be proved until the body is found
and there has been a trace
Of the Illinois couples.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Aluminium Shelters With Hay
Roofs Keen Cattle Cooler

Ell CENTRIC, CALIF.-Imperial
valley cattle raisers have been ben
Gifted by experiments conducted by
two animal husbandrymen in devils
ing shade shelters that make live
stock more comfortable during sum-
mer months.
Four types of shelters were built
at the Meloland experiment station
by N. R. Ittner, University of Cal
~ifornia, and c. F. Kelly. United
States department Of agriculture.
The experts found that shelters
with aluminium and hay roofs gave
the greatest protection to the grow
ing fat cattle used in the experiment.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Nations Gold Hoard

Americas gold supply has sur
passed the % billion dollar mark.
This country now has more than
three-fifths Of all the gold above
ground, and more gold than any
nation in history ever had. The to-
tai is more than two billion high
err than a year ago and still rising
as more and more foreign nations.
unable to pay in dollars, are max
ing gold payments for American
goods.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Federal Agency Warns That
Raw Fish May Cause Death

COLLEGE PARK, MD. - Don't
feed your dog too much raw fish,
says the fish and wildlife service.
Cooked fish is okay.
The same advice goes for your
cat, your canary. even your pet
fishes. 1t also might apply to the
feeding of human beings wherever
dried fish is consumed.
Recent Investigations have proved
beyond doubt, the agency says, that
several varieties Of raw fish contain
thiaminase, an engine which de-
stroys thiamin. otherwise known as
vitamin B-1. A deficiency Of B-1
leads to disorders and often
to death.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Trapped Boy Sacrifices
Pants but Gains Freedom

ST. LOUIS. - Police officers
had a choice Of two ways Of re-
leasing Harry Charleville. 10,
after he had become wedged
between %crisscross Orders Of a
bridge here. Their way and his.
The boy told the policemen to
cut the Orders that were holding
him but they had a less dramatic
way.
Before a crowd of more than
100 they removed his trousers
and soaped his body. Half an
hour later he was freed.
Embarrassed little Harry
grabbed his trousers and sour
ried home.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
X

Published every Wednesday at
Laurel, Montana. by
Joseph Gehrett & Campbell Calvert
Subscription $3.50 per annum
in advance.
Entered as second-class matter
July Ia, 1909, at the p~ostoffice at
Laurel, Mont, under act of March
3. 1879.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Thief Apologies, Returns
Loot; Identity kept Secret

TACOMA, WASH.-Police were
puzzled about whether or not to
continue search for a bandit who
held up and robbed an ice cream
store of 500 here, then, hours later,
changed his mind and returned the
money.
Mrs. Edyth Eaton. victim of the
robbery, told officers the robber
called her up and a~pologized for
taking the money. She said she
then urged him to return it saying
she would not reveal his identity
to police. He returned the money
and she kept her promise.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15

Honey bees meet with many
hazards. They are attacked by
spiders and many insects, by b.rds,
mammals, toads, bacteria, proto-
zoans and fungi. They are subject
to specific diseases, many of which
are destructive. They are also sub
ject to poisoning by chemical
sprays through the increased use
Of agricultural chemicals; in fact,
chemical poisoning has become a
greater hazard than bee diseases,
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
q Life Saver

Fats we're one of the earliest
medicines used by man. Today but
ter, mixed with eggs, alcohol, and
s-gar is poured into open wounds
on the battle field as an important
Iife-savinG measure.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Tibetans Drink Most Tea

Natives of Tibet probably drink
more tea than any other people.
Each Tibetan drinks an average OF
30 to so cups a day.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15
Physician Casualties

Two hundred and ninety physi-
clans were killed in action in World
War II, and 535 died while in ser
vice.
Laurel outlook., 1948-09-15

A fine clear paste is made by
simply boiling rice in water until 1t
is reduced to a fine. thick paste.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08
Dependency Proof Required by VA

Student veterans whose depend ency status changed during the summer vacation are reminded by the Veterans Administration to submit proof of additional depend cncy as soon as possible to the VA regional office. This is required, the VA explained. before veterans studying full time under the GI Bill in school or college may re- ceive the increased subsistence pay now authorized for a dependent wife. children or parents.
 The proof must be in the form of certified copies of public records of marriage, birth, baptism, di vorce or other legally acceptable evidence of dependency.
 Single veterans now are eligible for monthly VA subsistence al lowance of up to S75 while study ing under the CT Bill Veterans with one dependent may receive up to S105 and those with two or more dependents up to S120.
 According to the VA. veterans should submit the evidence of de pendency before enrolling in school or college, to insure prompt pay ment of subsistence al the higher rates.
 Question of the Week:
 Q. Is it still possible for me to reinstate my lapsed National Scrv- ice Life Insurance Policy?
 A. Yes, if your policy has not lapsed more than three months you may usually reinstate your CT in surance merely by paying two monthly premiums and certifying roGr heath ie as good as when your policy lapsed. However, if
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08
Ho!mes-Johansen :luptio's Sept. 8

Miss Dorothy Holmes, former of flee nurse for Dr. Sellers, returned on the SS Baranof last Saturday, to become the bride of Merrill Jo- hansen, Alaska Railroad engineer.
 The wedding will be held at the Sacred Heart Catholic Church Wednesday evening, Sept. 9, at 6'3O o'clock. with Father Martin Borbeck, S.J., officiating.
 The bride will wear brown suit with beige pink accessories with either a green or brown orchid cor sage. Her attendant, Miss Peggy Holden, will wear green suit with brown accessories
 Bernard Gay will fill the role of best man to the groom.
 A small reception will be held at the Elks' Club at 800 o'clock following the ceremony and the bride and groom will leave after the reception on their wedding trip. after which they will return to reside in Seward.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08

Been getting round town bit the past few days and it seems a good many people would like to see new name on this publica. tion
 We have decided that such a move would be a good one, con sidering the fact that the paper is under new ownership and new management Next step on the pro gram is to pick out the name.
 We could pick a title that would suit us, and maybe suit our public. However, decision has been made to give our readers chance to eX- press views on the subject.
 Gi.e us a ring at Main 168. or drc9 card to Box 204, or better still, come into the Polaris office and give Us your suggestions first hand.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08

Many inquiries have come to us as to our policy"
 Newspaper policy is one thing We did Tot bring with us when we came to Seward. Being new at the Job of editing and managing a newspaper, the word policy" has q rather vague meaning to us as concerns newspaper.
 Our earnest and sincere desire is to give the people of Seward the best local newspaper we can possibly put out. filled to the last column if possible with Seward news the news that Seward peo- lie like to read.
 Our readers may rest assured that we are definitely FOR anything that is beneficial to the town of Seward it's churches, it's schools, its hospitals and it's people
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08

Jerusalem, B centuries old, has endured more than 20 sieges and blockades, 18 reconstructions and two periods of desolation, and has passed from one religion to another six times.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08

your policy has been lapsed more than three months you will be re- quired to pass a physical examina- tion in order to qualify for rein statement.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08

In Detroit dogs may bite a post man only once, says The American Magazine If it happens again, no more mail service to the residence of the animals owner.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08

Fifty strategically-Iocated atomic bomb explosions could paralyze the United States warmaking powers and 93 woll-placed bombs could in 2 single attack. directly affect near Iy one-half the American people
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08
WANTON WASTE OF GAME FISH

Any fish left on the banks of creeks or rivers by fishermen con- stitutes waste and prosecution for "Wanton Waste of Fish" Sec. POLLY will be enforced.
 C. R. MAGEE,
 Fisheries Patrol Agent,
 Fish and Wildlife Service International Longshoremen's and Wdrehousemen's Union
 Local 39 Meets First and Third Tuesdays of Each Month at p.m.-Union Hall President - l.. Rogers
 Secretary L. Dick
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-09-08

ARCADE Bldg: Tel. Adams "A
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21
Weldon Book
Club Hears
Mrs. Ellis

Weldon-Mrs. W. c. Ellis OF
Garysburg spoke on Pride and
Selfishness Breeds Lonliness"
Tuesday afternoon when the
Book Club, met at the home Of
Mrs. B. H. Houston.
Mrs. w. o. Davis, pre- SIS T
Mrs. W. o. Davis, president,
presided at the business meeting.
At refreshment time, a frozen
fruit salad course with cream
cheese, carrot balls, pickles and
crackers was served in the iv-
ing room after which the guests
were invited into the dining
room for 4 dessert course.
In the center CT the lace cover
ed tea table was a lovely ar
rangement of colorful fall fruits,
flanked by yellow tapers in sill
yer candle holders on either
side.
Mrs. Davis presided at the
coffee service where she served
the guests derni tasse in dainty
china.
Mrs. Alma Crump. Of Will
mington, N. c., sister Of the hos
tess, served individual pumpkin
pies on china decorated with
black cats, carrying out the Hal
loween motif.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21
Mrs. Niche Is
Hostess To
Bridge Club

Mrs. Robert Niche delight
fully entertained her bridge club
on Tuesday evening at her home
on Vnace Street.
Eight guests enjoyed Mrs.
Michie's hospitality.
Flowers in mixed arrange
ment were arranged in the liv-
ing room and dining room and
were very effective.
The high score for the evening
was made by Miss Omara Daniel,
the hostess presented her with a
prize.
A sweet course was enjoyed at
ten fifteen.
The guests were: Mrs. I. E.
Ready, Mrs. Tommie Gates, Mrs.
Fannie Hayes, Mrs. Wiley Fort
une. Mrs Henry Kicks, Miss
Omara Daniel and Miss Ruth
Chapman.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21
Miss Cannon
Entertains At
Tea Party

Miss Margerie Cannon enter.
tanned few friends on Sunday
afternoon with an out Of door
tea party, at her home on Mad.
ison Street.
Chairs and tables were ar.
ranged for the guests in an out
of door living room.
Iced drinks, sandwiches and
cookies were enjoyed for re-
freshments.
The guests included Mr.. and
Mrs. L. S. Cannon, Mr.. and
Mrs. F. w. ]. Karsch, Mr.. and
Mrs. George Hayes. Jr. Mr.. and
Mrs. Claude Cannon and daugh-
ter, Lewis, and Bobby Hayes
and Mrs. Fannie Hayes.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21

Lovely arrangements Of yell
low and brown chrysanthemums
sraced the buffet, thanked by
yellow tapers.
The remainder of the house
was decorated with dahlias in
various colors and highlighted
by limbs. Those assisting the
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21

a suit of continental green, with
matching hat, with accessories
of slate gray.
The out-of-town guests includ-
ed Mr.. and Mrs. c. H. Willard,
Miss Ruth Willard and Harold
Willard of High Point. Mr.. and
Mrs. j. A. Sheppard, Miss
Myrtle Boaz Buddie and
Charlie Sheppard of Wilson, Dr..
and Mrs. Eliotte Vurgason of
Long Island. New York, Miss
Muriel Neal of Shawnee, Okla,
Miss Ellen Sawyer of Cleveland,
Ohio. Miss Eleanor Clardy of
Pittsburg. Pa, Miss Margaret
Ann Penfield of West Hartford,
Conn, Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Paige,
Mr.. and Mrs. Gerald Dolan, Mr..
and Mrs. F. Halbert all of Bat
tie Creek, Mich, Capt Richard
H. Jeschke, USMC, Washington,
D. c., Miss Marilyn ] Page,
University of Michigan, Ann Ar
Dor. 1t. and Mrs. Dalton Hiels-
cher, USMC. Camp Lejeune,
North Carolina.
SOCIAL AFFAIRS
Numbers of social courtesies
were shown Miss Marie Harbour
whose wedding took place Sat
urday. Mrs. C. H. Willard horror
ed Miss Harbour with a dinner
party at Matches Cafe on Thurs
day, On Friday DR.. & Mrs.
Harbour entered with a buffet
supper to the wedding party and
out of town guests. Miss Lib
Price Hines entertained at
cocktail party proceeding the
wedding rehearsal. Following the
rehearsal Mrs. Heath Lee, Miss
Elladean Lee, Miss Gladys Lee,
Miss Leigh Williams and Miss
Kathleen Kidd honored the bride
and groom and their attendants
with a party at the home of
Mrs. Lee.
Saturday Mrs. R. P. Beckwit
and Mrs. Samuel Gregory en-
tertained with luncheon for
the bride and brides maids, and
mothers of the bride and groom.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21
First Methodist Church
Scene Of Marriage Of
Miss HdrboMr-Capt. PAGE

On Saturday evening the First
Methodist Church of Roanoke
Rapids was the scene of lovely
wedding, when Miss Marie Har-
bour, daughter of DR.. and Mrs.
Ernest Dayton Harbour, was u
nited in marriage with Captain
Leslie L. Page, USING, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. J. A. Page of Bat
tie Creek, Michigan.
The Reverend J. F. Herbert,
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21

palms, wardwadia ferns anc
southern smilax.
Billy Waters played a pro.
gram of nuptial music.
The bride entered with her
father. Her dress was of white
slipper satin with tight-fitted bo
dice, drop shoulder effect with
! marquisette yoke; the full skirt
ended in a court train, and her
veil of fingertip French illusion
was attached to a coronet OF
orange blossoms. She carried a
bridal bouquet Of white roses
and stephanotis conferred with a
white orchid.
Her maid Of honor was Miss
Ernestine Smith, whose dress
was of American Beauty faille
with an off-shoulder effect, a
draped bertha and marquisette
yoke, filled bodice, full skirt with
hustle and her flowers were
crescent bouquet Of tuberoses
and blue gardenias.
The bridesmaid were Mrs.
Samuel Gregory of Scotland
Neck, Mrs. Gerald Dolan. of
Battle Creek, Michigan, Miss
Nancy Warren of Durham and
Miss Ruth Willard of High
Point. Their dresses were iden-
teal with that of the maid OF
honor but were peacock blue,
their crescent bouquets were of
tuberoses and redroses.
The honorary maids of hon
or were Miss Gladys Lee, Miss
Elizabeth Price Hines, Miss FL
ladean Lee, and Miss Kathleen
Kidd.
The groom had as his best
man Captain Richard Jeschke,
USMC, of Washington, D. c. The
ushers were Samuel Gregory of
Scotland Neck, Paul Green and
Monroe Starke of Roanoke Rap
ids and Harold Willard of High
Point.
The brides mother wore a
dress of peacock blue with a
shoulder corsage of red roses.
The bridegroom's mother was
dressed in rose and her flowers
were lavender orchids.
The bride is the attractive
daughter of DR.. and Mrs. Ernest
D. Harbour of Roanoke Rapids.
She was graduated from the To-
cal schools and received her B.
A. degree from Duke University,
in the class of 1913.
The bridegroom, son of Mr..
and Mrs. J. A. Page of Battle
Creek, Michigan. was graduated
from Michigan State College. He
entered the Marine Corps in the
Pacific theater of operations
during the World We II. At
present he is stationed at
Marine Barracks, Newport,
itilOoC 1SIdIlu.
Immediately following the cere-
nony a reception was held at
he Woman's Club. Greeting the
guests at the door were Mrs.
oendleton Grizzard and Mrs.
Fannie Hayes. Assisting in des-
grated places throughout the
club house were Mrs. R. P.
3eckwith, Mrs. T. ]. Afford, Mrs
Afford Martin, Mrs. Virgil Nc
Dowell. Mrs. Gertie Shell, Mrs.
Mort White, and Miss Majorie
Cannon. Miss Lillian Lee had
harge of the brides book, and |
Mrs. c. H. Willard presided |
over the punch bowl. Good byes
we're said to Mr.. and Mrs. Geo.
,ge taylor.
An ice cream course with indi-
1idual cakes were served by the
honorary brides maids.
For travelling, Mrs. PAGE wore
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21

pastor OF the church officiated,
using the single ring cere-
mony.
The church was beautifully
decorated with the soft light of
many candles reflecting the
beauty of the occasion. The al
ter decorations were baskets of
gladiolas and white chrys-
anthemums, interspersed with
standards of lighted cathedral
candles, with a background of
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21

Mr.. and Mrs. R. A. Woodroof,
Jr., Mrs. R. A. Woodroof Sr.,
Miss Garnet Woodroof, Mrs.
Wilfred Moore and Roy Wood
roof have returned after a four
day motor trip in Western North
Carolina and Tennessee.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21

w. B. White ana Ivy Mohor,
spent Thursday and Friday in
New York.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21

hostess in serving were Mesdan.
es H. G. Lassiter and D. "
Seifert.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-21
NeWs OF Interest
To Women

Engagement and wedding pictures will b .d printed By
WI may ii in the Sunday Herald.
MRS. SUE WOODALL. Society Editor
CALL R-326
Between $50 and 10 a. N.Y.