davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-11-21
Israel Plans Population Increase
Will Have Million People
BY End of l949 at
Present Rate
By FIora Lewis

TEL AVIV.-Israel will have q
population Of one million, which
represents a 20 per cent increase,
by the end Of next year II nothing
interferes with present immigration
plans and the current birth rate in
the country Is maintained.
Driving to reinforce Its military
victories by swiftly populating tho
newly-won areas, the Jewish state
plans to bring In about 10000 Jews
in the next IA months. This will
finally clean out Europe's displaced
persons camps OF their remaining
100, 900 Jews. The remainder Of the
expected immigrants will come from
Eastern Europe.
1000 Arrive One Day
Despite the war $1,000 settlers
have been absorbed in the first six
months OF the new states existence.
On 4 single day this month over
1000 arrived.
The immigration Minister. Moshe
Shapiro. estimated the cost Of the
ls4s immigration program at $780,
oO0, 600, of which organized Ameri-
can Jewry would provide about 75
per cent. Another estimated S76.-
900 900 will be provided by the Gov
ernment, mainly for housing and
training projects.
The mass exodus Of Arabs from
Israel has provided . partial solu-
ton to the critical accommodation
problem. The minister estimated
that after repairs between $4,000
and 10000 rooms, which would ac-
commodate about $4,000 people,
would be salvaged from Arab homes,
for which, he said compensation
would be worked out in the peace
settlement.
The basic principle OF the immi-
grafton program remains: Every
Jew who wants to come to Israel
should be able to do," the minister
said. Nevertheless, some "regulari-
zation" had to be introduced re-
garding the problem Of the seriously
kill and the morally depraved The
government hoped to arrange for
trea tment for the i'll and rehabilita-
Evening star., 1948-11-21

IS years, 1t has spent about $4l4.-
900 900 and still has almost as much
as old John D. put into It.
That money, drawn from both In
come and principal. has been spent
in every country of the world, in
virtually every type Of effort to
improve mans welfare and broaden
his knowledge-in public health,
medical research. in grants and
fellowships in all the physical scien-
ces as we'll as exploratory work in
psychology, economies, government,
race relations and many other fields.
Many foundations are intended
to be perpetual. to spend only from
income. Others also spend from
principal and a few, like the Julius
Rosenwald Fund, must spend from
both income and principal within a
set number of years. The Rosen-
valid Fund closed up shop last
spring, having spent more than
$22 600, 900 since 1882, much OF 1t
going to improve the lot Of the Negro
in the South.
Foundations 60 back to the be-
ginning of history. Plato endowed
his famous academy with income
from his farm lands. Other Greeks
Evening star., 1948-11-21
McGaNin
Continued From Page C-l.)


who see an advantage in . Russo
German combination and who think
that the Germans with their su-
perior know-how would control such
a combination"
Some Americans like to talk about
both the good Germans and bad
Germans. But the French remind
them of Clemenceau's observation
after the First World War when he
heard Wilson standing up for the
good Germans" Said the old
French Tiger, II only know that
the good Germans gre always leo
by the bad Germans"
Urges Long Occupation
1t seems to me that the only hope
in Germany lies in long period oi
occupation and q vigorous re-educa.
ton of German youth. At the rate
we're going, we'll be out of Germany
in another couple Of years, unless
somebody puts on the brakes.
The French say German youth !,
good. They feel there is a chance
il they can guide its education foi
at least another 10 years. German
teachers themselves have told the
French, IF you pull out, we will be
sunk - helpless against the Bis
MARKHAM ideas of the German au-
prities."
eepyrisht, lss. chieoeo Dolly News
ters'sn Servics.)
Evening star., 1948-11-21
Philanthropy in America Grous With Taxes
Foundations
ConcidedW the n Tax Rates

and Romans took similar steps. In
the United States. there were foun-
dations long before the Federal
income tax, but they were compare
lively few.
The oldest ganizaticn Of this
kind is the White Williams Founda
ton of Philadelphia. 1t was set ur
in 1900 as the Magdalen Society ito
ameliorate the distressed condition
Of those unhappy females
seduced from the paths Of virtue.
1t was reorganized in 1918 and now
devotes itself to such things as voce =
tional guidance, student counseling
and scholarships.
In 1S46 James Smithson, an Eng
lish scientist, founded the Smith
sonian Institution in Washington
with s50s, 900. which was later in
creased, "for the increase and difiu-
sion OF knowledge among men. "
Shorty after the Civil War George
Peabody established the $4,000, 900
Pea body Education Fund, largely to
advance education In the South.
1t remained for Andrew Carnegie,
the steel king. to supply the biggest
single individual impetus to the
foundation movement.
fDi.tributsd nv the Associated Press)
Evening star., 1948-11-21

tion for the others, to be provided
abroad before bringing them to this
country. This was mainly because
the country lacked the proper in
stitutions to provide such treat
ment here at present, he said.
Some new arrivals have brought
black marketeering and petty thiev-
ing habits with them from the dis
placed persons camps, but tn had
been less OF q problem than plight
have been expected from the back
Evening star., 1948-11-21
By Soul Pett

NEW YORK.-There is an ancient
Moslem proverb which says, Prayer
carries us half way to God, fasting
brings us to the door Of his palace,
and aims gain us admission"
1t may be this kind Of faith, or
it may be the newer element OF
high taxes. but whatever the cause,
American philanthropy in the form
of private trusts and foundations is
increasing markedly.
The Treasury Department esti-
mates there are more than 10000
organizati tions throughout the coun-
! try which can be called philan-
thropic, but most of these are small
and semianonymous. A survey by
the Russell Sage Foundation report
ed sos foundations with capital as
sets in excess of $50, 1000 each. Their
combined financial strength is more
than 81 800, 900 900.
Conscience and Taxes
The Federal income tax became
law in 1914. Before that, In 1900,
there were only four or five founda-
tions. In 1915, the Sage people
found %; in 1924, II; in 1888, l56
foundations and 81 community
trusts. World War II the figure had
jumped to sos. Thus, while 1t may
be true that mans social conscience
is expanding, it is also true that the
sharpest increase in foundations
had conceded with the sharpest In
crease In income tax rates.
The trend now in this type OF
philanthropy, reports F. Emerson
Andrews Of the Sage Foundation, Is
away from organizations based on
large single gifts from huge for
tunes like Rockefeller's and Car
negie's. People with smaller amounts
are getting into it, too.
This somewhat democratized trend
in giving has led to community
trusts, in which various phllan-
thropies are merged into one Or
eanization to cut down admins
trative costs. The New York Com
munity Trust, for example, handles
the income from 81 separate trust
funds with a total value OF $l7,-
900, 900.
But some big American fortunes
are still coming into the field. Last
January the four children OF the
late Joseph N. Pew Of Philadelphia
set up the Pew Memorial Founda-
ton for religious, charitable, scien-
tific literary and educational pur-
poses. The money will come from
oil stock valued at approximately
$50, ,oO0,0
Many Uses for Funds
In the spring OF 1s47, Hugh Roy
Cullen Of Houston, Tex, announced
plans to create an educational
, I1SdlUu dIu lVuiiudUAoil Wv
of oil holdings worth $50 0.000, 900
Mr.. Cullen said he and his wife were
, selfish" because they wanted to
see the money spent in their life
time and derive pleasure from their
gift.
. In the old days, 4 foundation S
work was largely the market basket
type of direct, individual relief. But
, with public welfare becoming more
, and more a responsibility Of Gov
, eminent, private capital has become
freer to go into research, into pre-
vention and cure, instead of mere
alienation.
In recent years. IS per cent of the
money coming from the Nations
foundations has gone into educa-
ton, health and social welfare. The
remainder was spread over eco-
4pmics, religion, race relations
\ recreation and problems Of internal
is'' IT !. ts'1''s"' s,i'sS's to j. specific figures
Evening star., 1948-11-21

ground OF CneIr camp HE III Ger.
many.
Mr.. Shapiro said that on the
whole the new immigrants success
in readjusting themselves had been
almost miraculous. OF the adults
among this years arrivals, as per
cent had gone into agricultural work
and about 10000 had been absorbed
in Tel-Aviv and Haifa, the Btate's
two largest cities.
(Copyrieht, London Observer Foreign
News Service)
Evening star., 1948-11-21

Americans still fast and having many
political will be felt In the election
after 1880
Transition population shifting the population
balance among the States
in Congress and electoral
PrednD the basis OF this BAL
population States may gain
lose the 1850
figures that show:
gained back OF the congressman
and electoral the basis Of population
shifts that occurred Immediately after the
Washington Oregon holding the spectacular
Coast states virtually
votes
estimates 1885, just completed by
the Nation
electoral adding Its roster
gain each would Michigan
Florida
Evening star., 1948-11-21

Iaers Je,Oish population the shifting tide OF
people tuased nearly halt million Arabs from Palestine
neghborng countries Many of them ,Uhout shelter
famine and disease To prouide for these reu
gees disaster campaign under 10ith Sir Raphael
(e head OF the u ~ Social Activities Division In
the operations He is shoOn conterrng ith Dr. John
Kirk Agriculture Organization representative in the
Middle East -O61cial U. ~ Photo.
Evening star., 1948-11-21
A. Newsfeoivres

E 5eger
PENNSYLVANIA York and the following States
Alabama Colorado Georgia Kentucky MISSISSIPPI
Missouri, NORTH Carolina Oklahoma and Tennessee.
Apporonmen Congress is based total population inud-
law limits Congress to 435 men,
allotted depends that
population compared with the total population Of the
United States
proportions receive less than member Each
gets Representatives plus
Senator'S.
provides that be taken 10
apporonment determined does not limit
but membership In the House has been
o 1918 by acts of Congress.
Congress by another law.
number decreased each State
basis Of population
apporonmen will be based
the 1910
Evening star., 1948-11-21

An outright military alliance pe-
tween the United States and the
Western bloc appears less feasible.
But since some Of the war powers
of the President are still in exist
ence, there will be no difficulty in
having certain staff agreements
which need not come before Con-
gress. While these would not COM
init the United States to an actual
military alliance, they would, in fact.
have the same effect.
We will continue the policy OF
refusing support to y country
which becomes a Soviet satellite
through Z coup d'etat-as Czecho-
Evening star., 1948-11-21
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D.
SUNDAY NOVEMBER u. ts4S.
Foreign Policy
to Remain the Same
Truman Apt to Retain Firm Patient Method
That Will Be Backed Up by increasingly
Adequate Military Establishment
By Constantine Brown

social fabric Of the United
certain
policy concerned there will be no drastic
changes
supported by increasingly adequate military
Evening star., 1948-10-20

ever, frankly conservative group known
as the Rightist Independents got the big
gest poll Of all-21 per cent-while the So
called Radicals, who are really moderate
conservatives, got over IL per cent. The
Socialists about held their own with about
II per cent while the Popular Republicans
slumped to 0 per cent.
If one evaluates the De Gaullists, Inde-
pendents and Radicals as being all right
of center, thenconservative element in the
new Council will be fully As per cent of
the total membership, while If one adds to
them the Popular Republicans, who are
moderate clericals, the conservative and
moderate elements will hold a majority.
Such result would give an Upper House
differing markedly from the political COM
plexion of the Lower House or Assembly,
where the leftist elements are much
stronger, notably the Communists who
have the largest single representation.
This would strain still further the political
machinery Of the Fourth Republic, already
creaking badly. And it would emphasize
still further the anomalous character of
the present Assembly, elected two years
ago, which presumably no longer reflects
the sentiments of the electorate, yet which
refuses to dissolve itself and permit the
voters to express themselves.
Evening star., 1948-10-20
The French Elections

The elections just held in France are
significant, not 50 much In the direct po-
litical consequences but as an indication
of the present state Of public opinion.
These elections were for the purpose OF
choosing electors who, in turn, will choose
members of the Upper House In the French
Parliament, known as the Council OF the
Republic. Under the constitution OF the
Fourth Republic. the Upper House has rela-
lively little power. Furthermore, 1t Is
chosen, not by general popular suffrage,
but by a complicated process OF indirect
voting, chiefly by the municipal councils
throughout the country.
All this tends to obscure the meaning OF
these elections as barometer OF popular
trends. For one thing, the municipal
councils were chosen q year ago. And,
again, their apportionment favors the
villages and small towns as against the
cities. Lastly, the final makeup OF the
electoral college will not be completed until
these municipal electors are Joined by de-
partmental officers who participate in the
balloting for the Council of the Republic,
which takes place on November 7.
e~A~
municipal council elections should be
evaluated Nevertheless, for what they
are worth, the actual results reveal de-
cided swing to the right and q big slump
for the Communists. Indeed, the Com
munist spokesman, Florimonds Bonte,
admitted that, in the next Council Of the
Republic, his party's strength would prob
ably be cut from eighty seats to twelve
OF course, he coupled this admission by
castigating the "antidemocratic" method
of indirect election which will not fail to
lead to considerable protests by all the
democratic forces in the country"
Perhaps the most interesting feature Of
these elections is that for the f1rst time
De Gaulle's Rally of the French People
was formally on the ballot, ithaving arisen
subsequent to the last national elections
and so having no direct representation in
| the present Parliament. The De Gaullists
| got about 13 per cent of the vote, as
| against the Communists 10 per cent. How
Evening star., 1948-10-20
MONTGOMERY Charter Approved

To the Editor Of The Star:
Speaking only as one Of the members Of the
Montgomery County Charter Board, was very
favorably impressed by your editorial on Octo-
ber H. concerning the constitutionality Of the
Charter which comes up for decision by the
voters on November 2.
The editorial summarizes the decision Of the
Maryland Court of Appeals very clearly and
should be helpful to Maryland voters since it
comes from source which cannot be suspected
OF having any particular ak to grind.
A great majority of the citizens in MONT
gomery County do want better county admins
tration and are willing to vote for such i'm
provement Many of them, however, have felt
some hesitation in voting for the Charter be-
cause a few lawyers have insisted that certain
portions Of the Charter were unconstitutional
in that they conf1icted with the requirement
that Legislation" must be restricted to one
month in the year. Now that the Court Of
Appeals has ruled that the term Legislation"
as used in Art. XI-A, Sec. 3. of the Maryland
Constitution means merely the local laws for
merly enacted for the County by the General
Assembly Of Maryland such voters need no
longer hesitate to vote for the Charter on
November 2.
am confident that the citizens Of Mont
gomery County who have read and appreciated
your editorial will come to the conclusion that
the Charter offers the most effective method Of
bringing the governmnt Of Montgomery County
up to date and vote accordingly.
JAMES J. HAYDEN.
Evening star., 1948-10-20
GrimIy Instructive

It Is measure of the atoms terrible
power that the Navy is obliged to sink
two more of the ships that we're part of
the guinea-pig fleet at Bikini. Well over
two years have passed since that fleet
made up OF seventy-six vessels of all types
and sizes-was subjected to the under
water explosion of an A-bomb. Yet, be-
cause of being dangerously radioactive,
one of its surviving unitS-the destroyer
Hughes-has Just been blasted to the bot
tom of the sea, and another-the heavy
cruiser PenSacola-soon will 60 the same
way, the cost of decontaminating them
being more than could be realized from
their sale as scrap.
With these two gone, only ten ships of
the original Bikini fleet will remain. One
of these Is the aircraft carrier Independ-
ence-a shattered and radioactive hulk
anchored in San Francisco Bay as train
ing vessel for decentralization safety
teams The nine others are smaller units
that have been decontaminated and put
back in service. As for all the rest, the
ones that were not destroyed at Bikini
have since been scuttled, presumably be-
cause it would have been too costly to
cleanse them of the lethal rain that fell
on them after the atomic bomb went off
and lifted q gigantic column of water more
than mile high.
Not long after the Bikini experiment, it
was officially reported that all the target
ships left. standing within a radius of at
least 1000 yards of the explosion had
been converted into radioactive stoves"
and that had there been men aboard, an
invisible and painless but deadly radia-
tion" would have burned every one many
fatally. More than two years after the
event, it is grimly instructive to know
that that radiation still is dangerous
enough to force the sinking of two of the
surviving vessels The fact does more than
explain why one of the Navy's important
Evening star., 1948-10-20
Safes Quoted Against War

To the Editor Of The STAR
The First World War was waged to make the
world safe for democracy. so we were told;
but history now records that 1t actually made
it unsafe for everybody. The second horrible
conflict was fought to establish the Four Free
doms, with Red Russia as one Of the corner
stones Today the world is gripped with ter
ror involved in prodigious disorder land the
freedoms in question are conspicuous by their
absence.
The Chinese philosopher, Lao-tze, like
Gautama the Buddha sought to erect his
spiritual structure on peace and love. not vio-
lence 1.-THE triumph Of violence ends in
festival Of mourning" he wrote. "The more
weapons of violence, the more misery to man
kind"
It is said that the Chinese lived in harmony,
when conforming to the teachings Of Con-
fucius. Unfortunately, they were polluted by
the greed Of commercially minded men,
Guy de Maupassant attributed human war
fare to our immaturity and what he termed
the omnipotence Of stupidity" Experience
seems to teach us nothing. Indeed, the idea
that we can bomb our way to brotherhood Is a
species of insanity.
Tagore, q gentle and Just East Indian, advo-
Gated league of nations founded not on
political ambition and scheming, but unity and
Justice to all" In other words, he advocated a
social system based on the Golden Rule and
not the sordid rule Of gold. We cannot lesislate
peace or eliminate selfishness from the minds of
self-seeking men by picturesque phrases. If
truth does not come from within, It ID not
realized at all
EDMUND K. GoLDsBoRouGH.
Evening star., 1948-10-20
Fronk JeIIeff-Good Citizen

In looking for a strong man to be the
first president of the newly formed United
Community Services it is not surprising
that the Board of Trustees elected Frank
Jelleff. Everybody knows his record of
unselfish community service in Washing
ton. And there are few men who can COM
mand greater allegiance, because of their
confidence in his integrity, from all the
various groups in this city whose forces
are combined in the United Community
Services. For this reason and because of
his experience, his good judgment and his
statesmanlike approach to any community
problem, the U. c. 8. trustees are to be
congratulated that he has accepted.
For 1t would have been easy for him to
decline on the plea that he has served his
time and done his part. As president of
the wartime Community War Fund he
served as chairman Of an interim COM
nlittee that established the Federation of
Community Chests. He has been active
IN the symphony association and its cam
paigns, the boys clubs; in fact, there are
Few community activities, designed to serve
some part OF the public interest, that have
not pressed Mr.. Jelleff into service at one
time or another He has every right to
rest on his laurels and let some other men
take on the load that he has always
carried.
He offers, on the contrary, an example
OF good citizenship that is valuable these
days, when too many citizens are willing
to shift their own individual responsibility
as citizens to others and "let George do It !"
The leadership that MIR. Jelleff can offer is
one of the valuable assets gained by the
United Community Services in perfecting
It's permanent organization for greater
service to Washington. -
Evening star., 1948-10-20
Home Thoughts From Port
eIIz0Defn sEs

Pink ribbons deck the mountains,
Soon ,ue'u hare the first tohtte star,
But I look beyond the sunset
Where the Jersey htlltops are. -
A deeper blue the harbor, ~
The peaks a deeper rose,
But look into "a UalIey
Where q Jersey riDer foios.
Mn hearts beyond these mountains,
NM hearts beyond these stre1ns,
where forth upon tall gardens
A Jersey fressde CLEANS
JOHN ACKERSON.