davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06
Horse And Buggy Days
BY IDA 10 MARTIN

head, was operated by pushing a
foot against a pedal attached to the
bottom end of the upright piece
This clamp assembly was adjust
able to take care of different thick
nesses of pieces to be held while
working.
1t was really a unique but ex-
ceedingly practical piece of equip
ment One could work in a comfort
able position, for a long time. The
piece being worked could be changed
from one position to another quick
ly and easily. And the shaving
horse was not high-priced article,
but mostly homemade, and of just
ordinary wood. In cost, Mr.. Lincoln
had outsmarted his trading friend;
but in practical value he had not.
Going back to the old National
Pike, we find that the wagons had
great wheels. At first they were
fitted with just narrow tires, of steel,
as was the custom on farms and in
the woods. But when the heavy
loading of the Pike Wagons began,
the narrow tires were found to be
hard on the surface of the roads,
especially in wet weather. So the
roads +oll keepers were instructed
to take smaller tolls from wagoners
with wider treads This led to the
making of wagons with wider and
wider treads, and the term broad
tread wagons" which most of the
regular wagoners began using.
These broad treads, some of them
much more than the standard four
inches, had almost the effect of a
roller on the surface of the road.
One gentleman got the bright idea
that if he made his treads wide
enough, perhaps the road could be
used toH-free. He made his wagon
with very wide tread, and then
made the rear axle shorter than the
front one, so that each of the four
wheels made a separate track. This
wagon was little more than Curl
osity.
have indicated that it was work
making a buggy wheel, and of
course more work making a wagon
wheel. But one job that really call
ed for a man, was putting the steel
tire on the finished wooden wheel.
l used to love to watch the village
blacksmith in many of his tasks, and
this was an interesting one. The
wheel was assembled and held tight
ly. The steel tire, often made by the
blacksmith, was then heated red all
around. This made the tire expand,
as without expanding, the tire could
never have been put on the wheel,
for it was made to fit too snugly.
While the tire was hot, it was placed,
with much hammering and hard
labor ,voer the wheel. This was hard
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

Back on the old farm, I recall see
ing little tool among many other
old time machines and implements
for making and mending harness.
This one was about fifteen inches in
length, with a handle on each end
and knife set like a plane in the
center To most of you this is a
familiar tool, the spoke-shave; but
I doubt whether its original use is
so familiar
1t is, as the name implies, a shaver
for making spokes. But "spokes"
no longer have so important a place
in the lives of us Americans as they
once did. Not one of our great
grandparents could ever have rid
den any distance from home with
out riding on wooden, handmade
spokes, long, slender, graceful on
the fancy cutters, but strong.
You see, the old time buggy wheel
was a work of art, and of crafts
man. No lathe turned out the spokes
by mass production, but each one
was cut by hand. Cutting them
down from rough lumber and shap-
ing them alike, called for a good
eye, a steady hand, and patience with
the use of the spoke-shave.
In our home shops, we would
clamp them in wise and go to work
on them with electric equipment.
But to stand long hours whiting at
the great number of spokes required
by a buggy maker would have been
a tiresome job.
This brings to thought another
very odd-looking machine" back on
the old farm-a Shaving horse"
1t is told that the President of great
Ideals, Lincoln, once drove a good
bargain with one of these machines.
He liked to trade horses. One old
trader always managed to get the
best of the bargain with Lincoln.
On this occasion, the trader brought
a horse so poor that he could scarce
ly stand, and offered to trade with
Lincoln. The President be smiled
to himself, and said he had a horse
that he would trade. A little later
he came carrying an old wooden
shaving horse, not much more than
a few boards and sticks nailed to-
gether
The shaving horse was a neces-
sity. It was sort of a bench, with
legs the right length, so that man
could sit and straddle it at one end
comfortably. In the middle there
was an upright piece of wood, free
to swing back and forth lengthwise.
The top of this was enlarged to a
square head which could be clamped
down onto raised part of he
bench, and be made to hold things
like the spokes we've talked about.
The swinging piece, with its holding
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

work, in addition to requiring the
blacksmith to work so near the hot
glowing iron. At last the tire was
in place, and then allowed to cool
With the cooling, the tire shrunk, and
a fit so tight was obtained, that the
WAGNER never needed worry about
the tires coming off, even after
years of continuous service.
The regular wagons of the old Ma
tional Pike were painted alike; the
lower broad side, blue; the movable
side board above, red. The beds
were long and deep, with the bot
toms bending upward at both the
front and rear. They were covered
with white canvas stretched over
broad, wooden bows, so that the old
road wagon showed the three colors
of our flag, red, white and blue.
In the days of the glory of the road
wagon, the old Pike was described
as an endless procession of wagons.
Some of these carried as much as
zone hundred-hundred," or 10000
pounds. The bell teams had cone
shaped, open-end bell, somewhat
like a small dinner bell, supported
on thin iron arch above the horses
names. The motion of the horses
caused a culver in the arch, and the
bell team moved majestically
along the road attracting both at
tention and admiration"
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

Sharon Resi-, seven year old =
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. James
Resi-, who reside on a dairy farm
on the .Ringgold-Leitersburg Road,
was taken to the hospital on Thurs
day to have a leg injury dressed. The
wound required a number of stitches.
The accident occurred while she
and her sister were playing on a
piece of farm machinery.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06
Petersburg News

Mr. and Mrs. Alwyn Berger, ac-
companied by their daughter, Miss
Lois Berger, and their youngest son,
Dean Berger, and Mrs Bergers
father, Norris Shelter, left here on
Supnlay morning for Olympia,
Washington, where they will visit
Mr.. and Mrs. Norris Shelter, Jr.,
who left here several years ago for
the West Coast. Mr.. and Mrs. Berg
er expect to remain in Olympia for
about 4 month, but Mr.. Shelter and
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Dagenais
have had as guests the past week,
Mr.. Dagenais' brother and his wife,
from Beverly Hills, California. Mrs.
Dagenais' mother from South Caro-
lima, is also a guest. Mr.. Simms
Jameson from Hagerstown, was a
guest on Thursday evening.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

The uniform worn by Fleet Ad-
miral Chester w. Nimitz when he
signed the Japanese surrender docu-
ment in Tokyo Bay, Sept. 2, 1915,
has been donated as a permanent ex-
hibit at the Naval Academy Mu-
scum, Annapolis, Maryland.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

The U. S. Navy is equipping sew
eral of its newer land-based patrol
planes with recently developed
hydro-flap, planning surface that
can be swung beneath the fuselage
in forced landings at sea.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

Willis Lehman, who lives north of
town, near the Greencastle and Lett
ersburg Road, had the misfortune to
upset his new tractor while plough
ing rocky piece of land on his
farm. As Mr.. Lehman found the trac-
tor was going over, he jumped and
was not injured. With the help of
neighbors and passers-by, who help
ed right the tractor, he was able
to continue the farming of his field.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

Major But Rastus why do pleasure
call coolies arithmetic bugs? vide multiply like
Rastus Cause dey add to mis- the dickens
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1948-05-06

Miss Lois Berger will remain for an
indefinite time.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01
Everything but the squeaI?
=. Not quite

~ t~ilization of livestock by-products is inn
portant to all farmers and ranchers. Of the
total dollars received by Swift & Company for
lambs, 1870 to $50 comes from b~y-products.
Cattle by-products amount to 1870 to 20%.
live animals, Swift & Company's buyers esti-
mate the yield and grade of edible meat. In their
estimate they figure, too, the value of all BY
products, including hides and wool.
Livestock by-products have greatly increased
the value of your meat animals. Since ear
lest times, man has used hides and wool to
make clothing. But only In the past half-cen-
fury has research found the present great vari-
ETY. of uses for by~-products. Fats, and lanolin
from wool, are the base of many cosmetics,
healing creams and beauty aids. Photographic
film is coated with a gelatin compound. Other
uses of gelatin and CLUES are almost endless.
Animal fats are the main raw material OF toilet
soaps.
Life has been heightened for people with dia-
betes, anemia and other diseases. They are
helped by drugs such as insulin, liver extract,
pepsin, adrenalin. These are all made from the
care of meat packers, these glands would go
to waste. This happened during the wartime
"black market" In meats, and the supply of
insulin ran low.
With the growth of meat-packing plants,
the war on waste began in earnest. Science
found new ways to use by-products of your
animals. BristleS make brushes. Bones make
knife handles. Hair makes upholstery padding.
Bones, blood and scraps go into animal and
poultry feeds. Yes, we find use for every val
liable part of cattle, hogs, and lambs.
Each new use for by-products adds value to
livestock . and directly benefits producers.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

no danger of poisoning, is revealed in q 4-year test
at this station.
The test was made to find the answers to two
specific questions: II Whether phenothiazine-salt
mixture, fed to sheep free choice, would control
stomach and other roundworm infections.
D Whether long time use of such a mixture would
be poisonous to sheep.
Answering both questions, it was effective and
it was not toxic.
Sheep used In the test were fairly heavily infest-
ed at the start, showing an average of 1850 worm
eggs per gram of manure in ewes and an average
of 100 in lambs. The count decreased steadily to
SO for ewes and 80 for lambs by the fourth year.
The worm eggs In the manure did not hatch, an i'm
portant point since the failure to hatch shows that
the infestation of the range was being reduced.
But don't throw away the drench gun. In 8
Minnesota focks, where sheep were given a pheno-
thiazine drench and had free access to phenothia-
zine-salt mixture, the lambs weighed 90 to 1O4
pounds. They dressed out Ala to 48. 9 %; and over
90 % of the carcasses graded AA.
On the other hand, In focks where the sheep
were given the phenothiazine-salt mixture but were
not drenched, the lambs weighed 87-99 pounds; they
dressed out 46.6 to 47.4%; and 11% to 40%
graded AA.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

Speaking Of By-Products -. Here's a movie
about 'em-just the film for your community or
school program: a 16mm sound, color cartoon,
"BY-PRODUCTS." 1t runs 10 minutes-and
tells the story of livestock by-products and their
uses. Write to the Agricultural Research Dept,
Swift & Company, Chicago 9, Illinois, for a folder
which describes this and four other movies on
the lvestock-meat industry. Please allow a
months advance notice to handle "BY-PROD-
UCTS'' bookings.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01
Phenothiazine Stands Up
by DR.. l. B. Boughton

by DIR. l. B. Boughton
Ample proof that sheep round
worms can be controlled in West
Texas by free-choice feeding of
phenothiazine-salt mixture, with
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01
A Steer is NOT all Beef

Let's take a look at this
steer. 1t weighs 1000 lbs.
It's not all steak. In fact,
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01
We All Want the Top Dollar

You, as a producer of livestock,
want to get the best price for your
animals THE top dollar" AS a
salesman for Swift & Company,
selling the products which result
from these animals, /, too, want to
pet the ton dollar
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

% % only a lIttIe
more than half is saleable beef.
Hanging in Swift's cooling room,
our steer has become two sides of
beef. Together they weigh SAB
lbs. What happened to the rest?
Modern meat packers save eve
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

The meat packers buyer has to judge the grade
of the animals and estimate how they will yield. He
then makes his bids in competition with buyers for
many meat packers and other commercial slaugh-
terers. To get the animals, he has to offer going
prices: Otherwise he just won't get them; somebody
else will. And that going price" which he must pay
depends on the number of animals on the market
and the demand for them.
After Swift & Company has made the animals
which it has purchased into meat and by-products,
we must sell them, again in stiff competition. If we
don't offer meat at the going price, retail meat
dealers will buy from somebody else who does.
This competition in both buying and selling is so keen
that we have to operate on a margin of profit which
averages but a fraction of cent per pound of prod
uct handled.
In our business, as In yours, it takes hard work
and good management to come out with money
ahead on a years operation. Our efficiency In sell
ing meat and by-products results in important
economies and savings. Only through such savings
can we earn our proft-and help increase the value
of your livestock.
@,...;@..,.,.,.
SwHt & Company
Mr.. Jones, guest editor this month, is Vice
President of Swift & Company in charge of sales
and advertising.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-04-01

But 296 lbs. is shrinkage and material of
no value. Only the meat and by-products can
be sold.
What happens to the money the meat pack
er receives? 1t is used to buy livestock and
other raw materials. 1t meets the expenses of
slaughtering, dressing, refrigerating, trans
porting and selling. 1t pays rent, insurance,
taxes-an the costs of doing business. The
amount remaining after all of these expenses
are paid is the meat packers profit. Over a
period of years, Swift & Company's profit has
averaged a fraction of a cent a pound on the
products we sell.
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Suzu Court, LOS
Will Hold Banquet

Suzu Court No. 2l, Ladies Oriental
Shrine, will hold a banquet at Z
pm. tomorrow at the Broadmoor
Hotel. and grand visitation at 7:30
pm. Tuesday at Stansbury Masonic
Temple. Chairman for the banquet
Mrs. Helen Sherbert, will introduce
Mrs. Estelle Hough, high priestess
of SuZu Court.
Honored grand officers are: Mrs
Ralph Shaw of Akron, Ohio, grand
high priestess of North America and
Canada: Mrs. John Beautler OF
Philadelphia, Pa. past grand high
priestess and grand trustee; Mrs
Bertha Bromwell of Washington
D. c., grand oriental guide; Mrs
Cola Duvan of Washington, D. c., a
past grand high priestess; Mrs. Min
ME Neal is chairman for reserva-
tions.
On Tuesday at / pm. luncheon
will be given for all honored officers
at Mrs. Kay's Tol House on Decem-
ber 13, the band will have their
banquet at 1880 s street NV, at
1880 pm.
On December II will be packing Of
Christmas boxes for the crippled
children at the Shriners' hospitals
in North America and Hawaii, al
the home of Mrs. Estelle Hough.
On December II will be the
Christmas party for members and
their friends and children at Stans-
bury Masonic Temple at pm.
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Current Exhibitions

| NATIONAL GALLkRf VI AhT, Con-
stitution avenue and Sixth. street
masters. Addition to Bliss ,collse-
| ton. Paris. the Favorable Cli-
| mate" through January 15.
NATIONAL MUSEUM. National Col
lection Of Fine Arts. Constitution
avenue ana Tenth sra street. eni.a
tions.
SMITHSONIAN BUILDING, Division
of Graphic Arts. independence ave
nue. and Tenth street. Woodcuts
and monotypes by Ada Yunkers
through January 2, 1949.
FREER GALLERY Or ART. Twelfth
entail and Far Eastern arts. Paint.
ings and etchings by Whistler and
other American artists; changing
exhibits.
| CoRCORAN GALLERY OF ART, Sew
enteenth street between New York
esfntnss psfnaH ana and .sulpture and he
W. A. CLARK collection. Third
annual Of WASHINGTON area artists.
Sculpture by Grace Turnbull,
through January 8.
PHILLIPS MEMORIAL GALLERY.
l60o Twenty first :treei- Paint.
inFs and rrints. Oskar kckoschka
retrospective opening today.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. East Cap
itcl ard First streets-Orcgon Gen.
ntsnnial: to FEBRUARY |, iaaa; .; E.
Johnston, through December 10.
ARTS CLUB; ,,,; GGl7 ! strestMoil .;, paint paint
colors and oils by Betty Hartnell;
through December is.
TEXTILE MUSEUM, 1920 8 street
| textiles q sss SesT snd Esr Isst
aas aas psfq ana rriass. Hssn Aeoass so meanss Ad
mission by card obtainable at Of,
nce OF Georsia, Hewitt Myers. 730
Fifteenth street NV.
| WATKINS GALLERY, American Uni
yersisy eamRus-PsinEtinss saIE.dT,c, by Lee Lss
through December Is.
BARNETT:ADEN GALLERY. 1877 Ram
dolph place NV.
HOWARD UNIVERSITY GALLEY
OF ART, Sixth street and Howard
plaee-Medieval world II photo
graphs gre hs from Life throush Deem
pUMBARToN OAKS COLLECTION.
1908 Thirty-second street NV
Early Christian and Byzantine art.
Tuesdays through Sundays, to B
pm. Closed Mondays and holidays.
NATIONAL SOCIETY OF MODEM
ART, II Dupont circie-Exhioi.
IlO.1 Ol pblHlulbc " sltIo'
bers residing in or near Wsshins-
ton Daily, . to 5 pm.
INSTITUTE OF CONTEMPORARY
Ar :. 1879 New York avenue NV;
Architecture BY Frank Lloyd
Wright. through December is.
CHEoUIRE HOUSE. e02 King street,
| Alexandria, Va.-Exhihitior water
cofors by Eliot o'Hara. throush
rur sTYrnro cRnup. ufIver
Court Gin rear Of Phillips Memo
rial Qallery)-Christmas exhtbi-
tion. Saturdays, l0-4:30; Sun
days. 10.
| WHYTE GALLERY, 1918 Connecticut
avenue NW.-'Fantasy" group
shown through December 80.
PUBLIC LIBRARY. Eighth and K
streets. N.W.-Painting and draw
ings By Marguerite Burgess. water
colors BY Ora Gerhart Beatty, Mon
days through Saturdays, an. TO
pm. through December 30.
KING. SMITH FOUNDATION GAL
LERY, ol1s Massachusetts, avenue
NW.-Silk screen prints OF Ameri-
can artists. exhibited bv. members
Of the National Serieraph Society.
Throjeh January I.
UNITED NATIONS CLUB. 1901 Nine
teenth street W.-Artists' Co.
operative opening Tuesday.
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Stamp News
By jones Waldo Faweett

To meet an annual deficit of
$500, ,000, 900, the Post ONCE Depart
ment must have more revenue for
the service 1t performs. This means
that Congress will be asked to au-
thorize an increase in postal rates.
New stamps-probably a whole
series from / cent to as high as
$10-rnay be indicated. Watch for
legislative action soon after Janu-
ary l.
Former Secretary OF the Interior
Harold L. Ickes has realized a hand
some profit on his stamps, recently
sold at auction by Edison Fifield in
New York. The gross total received
Evening star., 1948-12-05
O'Hara's Latest

Water colors of England, Fire and
Norway by Eliot O'Hara were re-
Gently exhibited at Chequire House,
Alexandria, and will remain through
Friday, possibly little longer. The
group of 36 paintings by this out
standing Washington water colorist
makes a strong, varied and vivacious
display. These water colors are not
20 radically simplified and stream
lined as some of the work he has ex-
hibited occasionally in group shows
In Washington during the past
decade; but neither has he returned
TO the naturalism Of his earlier
paintings.
The water colors are fairly large,
done with cleanly laid wash in fat
areas, In methods adapted to the
effects desired. His misty. changing
skies appear to have been painted
on wet paper, while stronger, crisper
details are put in with dry brush.
Mr.. OHara's technical virtuosity is
not news to many who know Of his
long experience In teaching, at
Goose Rocks Beach. Maine. in Flori-
do and Ariz., nor to those acquainted
with his several admirable books on
water color technique.
The paintings were framed with
out titles, and Mr.. O'Kara is still
sbroad thaving sent these latest
water colors over. Consequently,
viewers must either roll their own
catalogue, or enjoy the paintings for
themselves and not for their geo.
graphic and historical associations.
However, those who have visited any
or all of the countries depicted will
recognize familiar subjects: The
Nelson monument In Trafalgar
Square, London, also a detail of one
of the famous lions; st. Pauls in
m unaccustomed setting Of rubble:
Piccadilly Circus; Paddington (or
perhaps Victoria) station.
Those acquainted with Norway
will probably be confident they can
pick out every water color of its
bleak. lonely, beautiful country, with
lowering mists and high rocky banks
of fjords, dwarfing the little cruisers
below, and occasional dwellings on
!heir narrow strips of shore. More
difficult to identify are various
harbor scenes, ancient' villages,
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Local Odd Fellows

On Tuesday evening, the Activities
Committee of the Rebekah Assembly,
will present a play, THE Boardwalk
of Atlantic City," at the IOOF Tenn
Pile. The proceeds will 60 toward
furnishing a room in the Children's
Hospital.
On Thursday, Martha Washington
Rebekah Lodge will meet ut the
temple. There will be an entertain
Iment. he men will have charge.
Evening star., 1948-12-05
Gold Star Mothers

Grace Darling Seibold Chapter,
American Gold Star Mothers, will
meet In its new headquarters, board
room, District Building. at 7:30 pm,
Wednesday, for election of officers.
Col. Waldren Leonard, director Of
Services TO Veterans Of the District,
will be Q guest.