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Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
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With the kickoff advanced six
weeks through President Truman's
action in calling congress back into
special session, the A m e RI n
people are in for one Of the most
heated and intensive presidential
campaigns in recent history.
The whole political calendar has
been advanced this year. The
Presidents opening message to the
recalled congress signaled the ini-
tial salvo in the campaign, which
will be in full swing until the
November balloting.
Normally, national candidates
wait until after Labor day before
entering into thorough-going dis
cussion of the issues Of the cam
paign.
This years campaign also be-
came more involved with the addi-
ton of third and fourth parties to
the field.
Although it's ticket of Henry Wal
lace for president and Glenn Taylor
for vice president was in the field
month ago, third party adherents
followed the Republicans and Demo
Gratis to Philadelphia lor their
nominating convention.
Rebellious southern Democrats,
after walking out on their regular
party conclave. gathered in Bir-
mingham, Ala, to enter a fourth
party in the field. Heading the
states rights ticket are Gov. j.
Strom Thurmond of South Caro-
lima for president and Gov. Field
ing L. Wright of Mississippi for
vice president.
The states rights Democrats
have shown their greatest strength
in Alabama and Mississippi, where
a combined 20 electoral votes are
pledged against Mr. Truman.
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
Collective Farmer In USSR
Given Small Plot Of Land

Collective farms, operated by
farm cooperativeS, occupy the
principal place in Soviet agricul-
ture. The basis of these associa-
tions is the collective ownership Of
the land and of the instruments
and means of production.
A collective farm is large as
sociation of farm families. On an
average, a collective farm has at
its disposal 1880 acres of arabic
land. To direct it skilfully and in
sure a proper disposition Of man.
power, a we'll thought out system Of
organization of the collective farm
labor is essential. Such a system
has been in existence from the
first days Of the organization Of
these cooperative farms. A model
statute governing collective farms
was adopted in 1885.
All the members of a collective
farm are divided into brigades. A
field brigade usually consists of As
to 60 persons. Each of these bri-
gades is placed in charge of def
mite portions of land, and is provid-
ed with draft animals, implements,
etc.
The measure of labor is the
workday. For all his labor on the
farm the collective farmer is cre-
dited with "workdays."
In addition to the work days"
earned by each man and woman
farm worker, every farm family OF
the collective farm has its house
and tract of ground varying from
two and a half to five or ten acres.
What the family produces on its
plot-grain, vegetables, fruit, dairy
and poultry products, livestock and
so on, is it's own, for use or sale.
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
BERLIN:
Showdown

The old familiar pattern of just
one crisis after another in the cold
war between Russia on the one
hand and the western Allies on the
other was being repeated again in
the Berlin showdown. But an un-
easy world watched anxiouSly,
fearful that at any moment some
crisis might explode into actual
warfare.
Urgency of the Berlin crisis re-
suited in the recall of Gen. Lucius
D. Clay, U. S. military command
er in Germany, and his top politi-
cal adviser, Ambassador Robert
Murphy. for first-hand report on
the situation.
Clay conferred with President
Truman, State Secretary Marshall
and Army Secretary Royal on
means of carrying out the Ameri-
can governments intention to stay
in Berlin despite the concerted Rus
sian drive to force the western
powers out.
The official line was laid down by
Secretary Marshall who said that
while the United States would not
be "coerced or inundated" by the
Russian blockade of Berlin, the ad-
ministration nevertheless will PRO
ceed to reach an acceptable solu-
ton to avoid the tragedy of war;"
Although rumors that the Berlin
blockade might prove the spark
that would enkindle fighting war
fare permeated official quarters.
the U. S. position appeared to be
that this country hopes to avoid
war. However, if the Russians are
determined to cause more serious
trouble at Berlin, this government
is determined to resist force with
force. Il is equally determined to
avoid taking any step which might
make the situation more serious
as long as negotiation and other
diplomatic means remain open.
There will be many more talks.
much painstaking delib er tt n
among the western powers in con-
nection with the exchange of notes
regarding the Berlin blockade, ir-
retrievably linked up as it is with
the overall German settlement.
Marking the high water mark in
the deepening Berlin crisis and
lending emphasis to the determina-
ton to back up it's policy that
American troops will not leave
Berlin, the United States dispatched
powerful reinforcements to its air
arm in strife-torn Europe.
A big question mark still con-
cerned Russia's ultimate detectives.
Was the Kremlin merely trying to
drive the Allies out of Berlin or was
this but another step in the funda-
mental objective of moving the iron
curtain inexorably westward, coun-
try by country, until it embraced
the whole heartland of Europe?
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06

is something in it for virtually every
farmer and, if there were enough
books to 60 around, could be utilized
by everybody who raises lawn,
not to mention people who run air.
ports or Fairgrounds, or any other
enclosure of greensWard
There is growing interest in this
subject One member of the de-
partment of agriculture called it
"a big swing to grass" on the part
of farmers over most Of the country.
Not just as feed but for many pur-
poses and functions. One farmer
near here, for instance, said to a
friend of mine recently that he had
quit growing corn for silage. He
uses grass entirely
In case you have forgotten,
you have a chance to get a De-
partment of Agriculture Year
Book because of a law passed
in Abraham Lincoln's time.
Congress every year apprOpri-
ates a sum of money; the de-
partment prepares the book,
(under the incumbent editOrship
of Alfred Stefferud) the govern
ment printing Office prints, binds
and delivers 241,OOO copies TO
members of congress. They
pass them around as far as they
go. That's the law.
This volume is probably one OF
the few free" books which is not
wasted for it goes almost ex-
clusively to people who want it and
use tin this order-(D farmers,
90 state agricultural colleges, (3
other colleges for G.I. courses. (4
some high schools
Later on I shall give you an idea
of the contents of the current volume
which deals comprehensively with
the subject of grass (including
legumes and associated plants) be-
ginning with the history from
colonial days, the place Of grass in
building soil and feeding livestock.
specific information applying to 10
sections of the United States and
pictures and descriptions of a 100
different grasses and legunes.
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
STRAW:
Stack of Money

There are potential stacks Of
money in the stacks of straw which
annually 60 to waste on us. farms.
Although the paper industry offers
a large potential market for the
product, farmers last year burned
or did not use about SO million tons
of straw, according to department
of agriculture estimates.
Recent technical advances have
made possible a large expansion Of
the market for straw. It has been
found suitable for blending with
wood pulp to make fine papers and
also can be used in the manufacture
of various insulating building
board products. Principal industrial
use for straw at present is in max
ing corrugated strawboard, which
is used as a liner in cartons and
boxes. Some straw also is used for
coarse grades of wrapping paper.
Research by the department Of
agriculture laboratory at Peoria,
ILL.,. indicates that straw pulp can
be substituted for Is to 40 per cent
of the wood pulp now used in fine
and specially papers.
The strawboard industry was es-
tablished in this country around
1900. when wheat was harvested
with binders and threshed. Every
wheat farm then had its straw stack
and the straw could be baled. When
the combine harvester came into
general use, most of the straw
stacks disappeared, Development
of pickup balers. however, once
again have made straw collection
on the farm a practical operation.
In normal times, it is estimated,
the farmer may add 8 to 20 per
cent to his cash income from wheat
by collecting and selling the straw
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
One Free Book
Is Not Wasted

If you are one of the lucky farm
ers who wrote your congressman
promptly, asking for copy of the
Department of Agriculture l948
Year Book, you have a treat in
store for you. The first copies al
ready have come from the govern
ment printer but it will be. some
time before the bulk of the printing
is ready for delivery
This years topic is a live one:
GRASS
1t deals with the general subject
of grassland agriculture and there
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06

Sductions would begin, but they are
not expected to start before October
l.
The first draftee, it is indicated.
will be Is. unmarried and nom
veteran.
Registration dates specified by
Mr.. Truman for each age follow:
The oldest group, meaning men
born in 1922 after August 80. 1922,
will be registered on Monday.
August 30.
Men born in 1923. August 81 and
September l.
Men born in 1924. September 2
and 3.
Men born in 1925, September 4
and Z.
Men born in 1925. September 8
and 9.
Men born in 1927. September 10
and IL.
Men born in 1923. September 13
and IA.
Men born in 1929. September Is
and 16
Men born in 1890 before Septem-
Der 10. September II and Is.
The proclamation stated that
youths born after September 19.
1880, will register on their eight
eenth birthday. or within five days
thereafter. About 100000 youths
come into this category yearly.
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
Guard Your Liberty
Know Dates at Least

It's almost impossible to believe
that any American would not know
the meaning of the approaching
w day. But will Americans. 172
years from now, remember that
September l marked the official
end of the bloodiest war in history!
Perhaps this sounds absurd to
you. It wouldn't if you had read the
results of one of series Of polls
taken by the Washington Post. Just
before July 4, the Post Interviewers
asked a number of individuals:
Fourth of July is almost here. Can
you tell me why we celebrate it?"
Eighty-five per cent of all persons
asked had the right answer.
Twelve per cent had no idea why
the Fourth is a holiday. and 3 per
cent thought it was the anniversary
of Armistice day, the end OF the
Civil war. emancipation Of the
Negroes or some other event. One
of those who had no idea at all on
the subject was credited with a col
lege education.
Asked what the day meant to
them, 80 per cent said, in various
ways, that it meant national free
dom; to 18 per cent it spelled per-
sQnal freedom and liberty in gen.
eral; II per cent said it didn't
mean nothin' nohow but holiday
How many of us who admit that
Observation-Disclosures our inherent
right, know what freedom is? Few,
unless they have lived in country
where one practices that quick, ap-
before he dares comment. It's de-
preston, gesture I've seen it and
shuddered.
have quoted w. E. Woodward
before. In his New American
History" he says:
Liberty implies responsibility
and the vast majority of man.
kind has always hated response
biIity worse than death. So in
all ages, men have run around,
holding it out before them rs
one holds a golden vessel, offer
ing it to anyone who possesses
enough vulgar enterprise to take
it away from Them"
This vulgar enterprise" is afoot
today. snatching liberty. right and
left and tossing it into totaiLarian
limbo of the things mankind really
loves-loves but does not always
cherish except in memory.
One might paraphrase an ancient
proverb: IA fool and his liberty
are soon parted" Folly is not in.
durable. II can be exchanged for
wisdom Perhaps some Of the
"realists' who scorn such abstract
subjects as political science and
history would do well to encourage
study of cur liberty. how we came
by it and why it g worth keeping
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
FOOD:
Consumes Dough

Confirming suspicious which house
wives have held for many months,
department of commerce analysts
reported that food stores easily get
a bigger part of the retail dollar
now than any other business. Food
stores are doing far better than be-
fore the war by taking in 27,6 cents
of each dollar spent in retail chan,
nels. In 1910, by comparison. their
share was 23.5 cents. according to
tte report.
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06

| r6aQ dDOuL VII JOoI
one single day last
July-on that day
in Haiti a publisher
W a S assassinated
by an otherwise
gentle young poet
because the bard
had lost some kind
of a scholarship; a
33-year-old painter
who lived near the
otherwise pleasant
and peaceful New
England home OF
House Speaker Joe
Martin at Attleboro,
Mass, did a dance
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06

MASS, QlO OdIlSS
when he heard his wife was dead
II seems he had shot her in the
head here in Washington, a 22-
year-old husband knocked his wife
down, tried to stab her with
butcher knife, attacked an innocent
passerby and started fist tight
with a policeman; a vitamin plant
blew up, a prisoner became i'll OF
benzedrine poisoning. tanker IN
Chicago caught fire. Jimmy Roose-
Welt feuded with the other members
of the California delegation and the
Russians kicked up the usual fuss.
You and l probably had our
own thOubles-all perhaps due
to nothing but the rash on Old
Sol's physiognOmy.
Scientists will tell you that sun
spots were known by the Chinese
before the telescope made them
comparatively familiar subject OF
astronomical concern. They are not
uniform in size or shape and some
times appear singly, sometimes in
groups. a single spot may be large
enough to take in our whole planet
with room to spare. Groups extend
over areas that may include mil
lions of square miles.
Sun spots do not appear to have
a definite duration. AS rule, they
last but a short time. sometimes
not more than a day. But one is
recorded Gin 1940-4D as having con-
tinued for 18 months. The number
of sun spots varies greatly in a
periodicity that is not strictly
regular but that reaches an aver
age of slightly over II years.
And last month DR.. Roy Mar
shall, director of Fels planetari-
um in Philadelphia, echoed an
earlier suggestion made here in
Washington. He said that sun
spots could have a definite effect
on the behaviour of people. And
he reminded us that sun spots
reached their last maximum
frequency (befOre July, 194S) in
1937-when Hitler started his
blitz.
It was several years ago that no
less an institution than the con-
servative and careful Smithsonian,
the capitals great scientific organ
ization, speculated on the possibility
that there might be relationship
between sun spots and wars, as well
as sun spots and weather. Weather
affects crops, crops affect economic
conditions Sun spots which release
ultra violet rays which affect emo
tions might, an official report to
congress suggested, disturb nego-
tiations between individual leaders
which might involve nations in war
that's the reasoning, anyhow.
. Some may think it far-fetched.
Shakespeare did when he said: ''The
fault, dear Brutus, is not in our
stars. but in ourselves" Poets are
frequently right but not, perhaps,
immune to the violence of the violet
ray. (Witness the. Haitian poet who
shot the publisher.)
At any rate, the Smithsonian listed
considerable technical data showing
that sun spot activity frequently
had preceded wars.
Some scientists say sun spots may
have good effects. too-resulting in
heavier foliage, better crops, more
rains-as well as their evil tenden-
cies to disturb interpersonal rela-
tions, not to mention radio COM
municatiOnS
However, there is little we can
do about it, for as far as we
know the sun is like leopard
it can't Tor WON'T change it's
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
WAR:
Still Costs

The costs of war continue long
after the battles cease A grateful
Uncle Sam already has expended
8 billion. 223 million dollars to re-
turning veterans during the first
four years of the G.I. bill of rights.
Veterans administration reports.
Accounting for that total were IA
million. 300 thousand benefits.
1t is impossible to determine the
exact number of World War II vet
Grams who shared il this payment.
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
Was s{lsZ::{2sli DIGEST !
Disturbed About World?
Sun Spots May Hold Clue
By BAUKHAGE
NetUs analyst and Commentator.

WASHINGTON-Ify you were disturbed over the mayhem
and misunderstanding rampant in the month OF july relax
there may be a scientific explanation Sun spots.
For the first time in IL years, there maximum number
of ultra about released by erupons the surface
OF the fare emotions get off
that abnormal behaviour results This
the
to the tra-violet
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06

Sun spots may have been respon-
sible for the disturbances you ana
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06
-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS -
Berlin Crisis Nears Showdown;
First Peaeetime Draft Begins;
Special Session Opens Campaign
BY Bill Schoentgen, WNU Staff Writer

@ n :nsss = '
Arizona sun., 1948-08-06

REAL ESTATE-MISC.
IS 9-1O ACRES 2 #. wide, #: deep decided
water, garden ground, small fruit. S-rm.
Stucco house, $6,5OO.
DANIEL LOVISONE'
Rt. /, Box 136A Canpn City, Colorado
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-03-06
HOW DO YOU FEEL, JOE?
BY POP" DEARBORN

S THIS piece is being written Ferdinand Smith
IA the third of hunger strike
sit down his
Does he Ferdinand Smiths Or has he
sunk low that he perhaps, Clark and
Harry Truman for having done his dirty
Smith, who secretary the National Maritime
arrested two weeks up He
picked by the FBI eighteen appearing
Wallace at meeting in Harlem Smith
before meeting of the NMU National wage
struggle and the unions CONTRACT which expires
be discussed.
Ferdinand Smith the United years
He had originally filed citizenship 1920 but
militant workers. particularly
of their civil rights America especially
ministration.
Clark, member of Trumans cabinet
rankandf file
refusal
union Seamen including
the offices of the FBI and the immigration authorities
is Joe
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-03-06
Column review
Madison St. foreign experts
see Prague through spy glasses

Ironically, as Hearst thumped
for a strong man to dictate
the nations policies, Hearstman
Drew Pearson sneaked in a few
words concerning Macs Japa-
nese iron curtain.
"Some army commanders still
don't seem to realize" said
Pearson, "the wars over. For
instance, Gen. Macarthur still
operates an alright censorship.
It's impossible for an American
newsman to visit Japan and
write what he wants about
MacArthur's rule of the Japa-
neSe."
BUT there were a few bright
days in the gloomy week. Hap
PLY, the dopesters report drop
in Truamn's stock and bull
market for Wallace's Third
Party.
And so we find Hearst's Wal
ter Winchell spelling Truiman's
name Thurman" And Akers
reporting awesomely:
six months ago Harry Tru-
man was basking in the SUM-
shine of widespread approval.
The various polls rated
him high. And now-well.
there's Palestine. Henry Wal
lace. initiation and what not.
Humans stock is low.
Politically, we have become
a highly volatile people. The
many complex problems, do
mestic and foreign, are causing
quick reactions. A Presidents
poll rating, or that of candi-
date, too, changes from sunup
to shutdown. The election
is ten months away. Anything
can happen, and probably will.
So don't count next November's
election chickens in March,"
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-03-06
Frank |}!a:|l avis

ing pertinent facts, anti-Negro
newspapers have been able to
paint my people as clowns,
thieves, murderers and rapists.
Chicago had a recent example
of that when The Tribune in
vented rape, scare in the
Stockyards district and thereby
encouraged formation of row.
ing vigilante groups which
could have precipitated a race
riot. Trade unionists are also
familiar with the tactic of the
half truth. They are accustomed
to seeing arrangements side
get the space in the daily press,
and it was this one-sided re-
porting that prepared the
American people for accept
ance of the Taft-Hartley law.
Thus the screaming head
lines about Moscow's grab" of
the poor Czech democracy"
should be old stuff to all who
have learned the hard way ex-
actly how ''fair" and "impar-
tial' is our daily press.
Our truthful" daily papers
CLOSED over or ignored the
causes of the changes in the
Czech government, just as they
forget to mention the real
causes of a strike or the reason
why Negro, after years and
years of discrimination and
Jim crow, suddenly runs amok.
THE FACTS show that our
bipartisan imperialists have
instigated all the rotten in
trigue and cloak-and-dagger
plotting to overthrow the new
peoples democracies of East
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-03-06
NO TRADE UNION LEADER IS SAFE

Three others joined
Charles Doyle president of the United
Workers; John williamson native labor secretary
mmis Party whose particularly
hart Eise German antasc, years asking
to be allowed to return to his native Germany.
friend of mine received letter williamson
will understand taking the part
letter.
"This starts third week locked
CELL
II needn't tell how feel
II don't have tell the political meaning
denying
forward gradual fascist methods.
Zone thing
protest this
safe 1.-TWO of them here though they
c. p membersboth officials they
with this The is disagres with forces
reaction
THE simple issue of this which decent Ameri
Congressman aspiring politicians trade union leaders,
minister's national leaders, editors professionals and
should raise their voice loud release bail.
ANY crook criminal because
Communist denied ball. There civil rights
and human freedom but these fights the
reactonary policies the hypocricay
talk about the family away family including
Neil, who is only 8 months old.
II that the people Illinois will be in there
pitching n
Much good news from the outside which only makes
more difficult be in here write the others,
Room 218, Island"
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1948-03-06
TT was a wacky week in
the columnistS' world.

All the boys and girls were
tripping over each other in the
rush to hop on the "Red coup
in Czechoslovakia" bandwagon.
Even the Sun-Times' Kenesaw
M. Landis-whO should know
better-had reservation on
"Hysteria Limited"
It was enough to drive us
fuddled readers to-The Daily
Worker, where calm, analytical
thought proceeds as usual.
JUST listen:
David Lawrence, Daily News:
"The Russians have bitten off
a big chunk of trouble.
Troops will have to be used to
subdue the dynamic people of
Czechoslovakia, who know how
to fight for their freedom. This
means more expense for Rus
STA and more difficulty in keep
ing the people inside Russia
from knowing the truth"
Milburn Pete) Akers, Sum
Times: "Czechoslovakia with its
middle way had long sought to
serve as a bridge between East
and West. Now that bridge has
a sign on it: Bridge out"
Irving Pflaum, Sun-Times:
"That curtain now descends
around the republic of Czecho-
slovakia. Frontiers are closed,
the courts defiled, the army and
police suborned."
X. M. Lands II, Sun-Times
Get tn Brute?): Anyone who
cares anything about democracy
must have the same kind of
sick feeling in his stomach as
he had on that day when
Czechoslovakia was sacrificed to
Hitler" a