davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-12-31
NelU Studies OF
Montana Indians
by Claude E. Schaeffer)

The e ce n t publications by
John c. Ewers, former curator
of the Museum of the Plains In
dian and now with the U. S.
National Museum, may be called
to the attention of those inter-
ested in the history and culture
of the Indial.s of Montana.
One is a field study of the tor
ture-feature in the Blackfeet sun
dance, published in the Journal
of the Washington ID. c. Acad-
envy of Science.
Self-torture, once widespread
in the ceremonial observances of
the Plains Indians, was prohib-
tied by the federal government
more than 60 years ago. The
practice survived few years
longer among the anadia
Blackfeet and Blood Indians.
Two old men of the Blood group,
who had undergone this ordeal in
their younger days, related their
experiences to the author in
1947.
Briefly, the torture rite APP
pears to have been initiated by a
warrior through a VOW to the Gel
estial deities (sun or m oon)
shortly before the individual ex-
posed himself to danger. The
VOW was a simple, direct appeal
to the deity for protection and
success in the immediate, haz-
ardous undertaking.
In return for such aid the Pc
titioner promised to make the
self-torture sacrifice in the sun
dance lodge of his people. On
the appointed day the breasts of
the suppliant were pierced, wood
en- skewers inserted and attached
to thongs leading to the crotch of
the center pole. By leaning his
weight against these thongs and
tearing the skewers from his
flesh, the warrior freed himself
and thus fulfilled his vow. The
present study thus throws light
upon another aspect of earlyi
Blackfeet culture and vanish
ing way of life so widely differ
ent from our own.
The other paper, which appears
in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections, deals with the Indian
portraits of Gustavus Sohon, al
German a TT i S t. soldier, carto-
grapher and explorer of the mid
10Th century. Sohon enlisted as a
private in the U. S. Army in 1852,
and was S o n after assigned to
Governor Isaac l. Stevens party
to survey a northern rout e for
the railroad from the Mississippi
to the Pacific. During the next
decade the artist spent consider
able time exploring and mapping
routes through the mountainous
areas of western Montana, Idaho
a ID Washington. He played
leading part in locating and sur
veying the first wagon road. the
''Mullan Road" from Fort Ben
ton to Fort Walla Walla. Sohon
came in intimate contact with
the Indian tribes of this region,
and in 1856 served as interpreter
at the Walla Walla, the Flathead,
and the Blackfeet treaty councils.
He has left us a series of portraits
of Indian chiefs, of which those
portrayin G Flathead-Kalispell
subjects are reproduced for the
first time in this study. Included
are sketches of Victor, Ambrose,
Bear Track, Adolph, Moiese and
other prominent personages of
the Flathead group. Mr.. Ewers
assays the artistic value of the
Continued on last page)
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-12-31

Milk for New York
1t takes about 1881 cows to f3ll
the milk bottles required for New
York City.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1948-12-31

Renew your Subscription
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-06-16
May Seek to Sell
Civil Rights Idea in
The North

RICHMOND, June 16. CAMP
Faced with defeat on original
plans to present a solid front from
Dixie to prevent the nomination
of President Truman at the Phil
adelphia Democratic convention,
the South may invade the North
with publicity and propaganda to
seel it's ideas on the civil rights
program in that section.
The possibility of such astral
egg here June 7 while Gov. Mil
lard F. Caldwell of Florida con-
ferred with Virginia's Governor
William M. Tuck at the execu-
tive mansion. Caldwell delivered
the commencement address to the
graduates of the Medical College
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-06-16

An about drive has been
launched to get federal aid to edu-
cation through the House of Rep
resentatives. Bill, passed in the
Senate by a comfortable majority,
is having rough Shedding in the
House. Law would be of incalcu-
liable benefit to minorities.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-06-16
A
Woman's
World
By Nellie c. Jones
BY Nellie G. Jones
Women and Their Jobs

Why is it that some women get
jobs but cannot keep them? Why
are some forever changing? Why
do some go on and on year after
year, slightly unsatisfactory work.
ers at the same old salary? And
why do some go on and up like
ambitious skyrockets?
1t sometimes seems as if it is
easier to get a job than to keep
it or improve on it. Women get
in because of an emergency call
and scarcity of applicants, be-
cause they make a good first i'm
preston, because somebody knows
their uncle or because the en-
ployment manager is s~oft-hearted.
Some women lose their jobs be-
cause the y have not the educa-
ton or technical training that the
work demands. This is more or
less unavoidable, provided the en-
ployer cannot spare the time or
has not the patience to wait for
his employee to remedy the
trobule.
Some lose their jobs because
businesses retrench or are reor-
ganized to need fewer workers.
This is nobdy's fault, just bad
luck.
Some lose their jobs because
they cannot get along with their
employer or fellow employees.
This bears looking into.
P~unctuality, faithfulness, 10y
atty are all desirable qualities, but
they are not big enough for the
big job. Those qualities are taken
for granted, after a certain stage
in your career has been reached.
and usually suitably rewarded.
But to get to the top you must
add to these qualities magma
ton, initiative, and some sort Of
understanding as to what it is all
about.
The successful business career
does not allow for ruts, detours,
or long parking periods.
The Ohio daily-express. (Dayton, Ohio) 1946-1950, 1948-06-16


of Virginia last Tuesday night,
June 8.
Gov. Caldwell talked with re-
porters at Gov. Tuck's office and
expressed the opinion that "if
we a get the facts over to the
north, the thinking of people of
that region will be almost as much
opposed to the civil rights pro-
gram as we in the South"
He indicated that southern gov
errors might conduct a dispas-
sionate and factual program to
get information to northerners on
the basic angles of the civil rights
program for Negroes and what
such a program would entail in
the South.
Gov. Tuck's comment was that
he thought such a program would
certainly be a fine thing"
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
Mississippi's Progress

Statictics published by the Department
pf Commerce Sunday reveal the same monot-
pnous fact Mississippi is we'll at the bot
tom Of the national lists in per capita income
and we'll behind the level of her six sister
states in the Southeastern region
Governor Fielding Wright, in an IL
point statement issued later in the week, de-
Tended our states position by pointing out the
progress that has been made in the past 10
or is years.
Facts cited by Governor Wright show an
amazing progress and constitute a record of
which we can all be rightfully proud.
But, in our efforts to defend our posi-
.tion, we believe that we are inclined to over
look one fundamental fact. Our states pro-
.gress hes outstripped that of the national av-
erage and other individual states simply be-
cause we had so far to come, and despite that
progress we are still at the bottom of the list.
. The per capita income in Mississippi is
half hat of the national average of 1923 an
.nually. 1t is nine percent behind that of
South Carolina; II percent behind that of
North Carolina; ID per cent behind that of
Alabama; II percent behind that of Georgia;
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
RECOGNITION and A Reminder

attitude which was prevalent under the
former regime.
The subject of highways also brings to
mind the fact that four people were killed
at Irvington this week, and again underlines
the fact that Highway 80 between Pasca-
goula and Mobile continues to take a fright
full toll.
The highway is inadequate in both Mo
bile and Jackson counties, and both Alabama
and Mississippi highway departments should
take immediate steps to start repairs that
have been needed for many years.
Shoulders of the highway nave washed
and worn away in both counties and indica-
lions are that in this weeks accident, a
wheel of the death car went off of the paw
ing, which throughout this section means a
drop of from one to several inches, causing
the driver to lose control. The car was trav-
cling a. an excessive rate of speed, reports,
say, but despite this the accident could pos
sibly have been avoided if the shoulders of
the highway had been built up with the paw
ing.
This is only one of a monotonous series of
fatal accidents that nave occurred on the
narrow. worn highway.
We believe that we should forego some
of our fine double lane highways until this
section, which constitutes a death trap, has
been made safe for ordinary traffic.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
BY JAMES ]. STREBIG

WASHINGTON = For the
first time in history the Unit
ed States is Showing the flag
with warplanes instead of war
ships. Ninety B-29 superfort-
resses r in England, ready to
show Europe mass formations
they didn't see during the war.
Two more have just swung
around the globe, making q
test of landing facilities which
conceivably could be called
upon to handle much larger
numbers. (Three started the
flight, but one crashed into the
Gulf of Aden.) A squadron of
jet fighters also is in England
after crossing the Atlantic un-
der its own power, with rs
more being sent by carrier to
be based overseas.
America has been sending
planes on goodwill missions for
many years. One of the most
famous was a circuit of South
America in 1927. But the re-
cent quick trip of so Superforts
to England was hardly a good
will" mission. The Air Force let
it be known that the planes
flew with loaded guns.
The United States must solve
some tough problems if it is
to "show the flag with armed
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
US. For First Time Is Showing Flag"
With Airplanes Instead OF Baitleships

bombers on a large scale. The
flight to England was simple.
1t is a friendly country with
ample airfields, largely built
at our expense during the war
and equipped to handle Amer
lean planes. But airplanes can
not hope to duplicate the reach
of the warship for such dem
onstrations unless based on a
carrier.
The reasons are simple: Air
craft must land, refuel and be
serviced after a relatively short
distance. Accepted information
al law requires permission of
a country before flying into
its airspaces, particularly with
respect to government-oWned
planes. BY contrast, Warshlps
can steam almost indefinitely
without dependence upon local
land facilities. They require
permission to enter a foreign
harbor, but tradition calls for
granting permission even when
relations are strained.
Some military observers, not
ing the continuous use of nav
al forces in European waters
in the past year or two, say
that such showing of American
might has been an important
contribution to political stabii-
ization in western Europe and
countries bordering the Medi-
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27

We had occasion to 60 to New Orleans
this week by automobile for the first time
since the Bay st. Louis bridge burned. In
negotiating the detour around the Bay of st.
Louis we could not help but draw a com
parison between its condition now and that
of last year when the detour was used for a
period Of several months while damage done
to the Bay bridge by the September hurri-
cane was being repaired.
AT that time the detour was virtually un-
marked, long stretches of gravel made it at
times almost impossible, little effort was
made to maintain it. These conditions ex-
listed throughout the time that the detour
was being used to carry traffic from High
way 80, the heaviest travelled interstate high
way in Mississippi.
AT the present time the detour is well
marked, all stretches of gravel have been
~blacktopped, the road is being maintained,
and a new bridge is under construction at the
one dangerous spot still existing along its
length.
ALI this was done promptly following
the Bay bridge fire and the diverting of
Traffic over the detour.
TIL prompt way in which the highway
department moved reflects considerable
credit on COMMISSIONS Smith, and contrasts
startlingly with the laxness and do-nothing
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
THIS WEEK
in Other Years
FIVE A AGO THIS

FIVE YEARS AGO THIS
WEEK, Public meeting to con-
slider high prices new air
raid warnings issued for this
area :. James D. Gautier, Jr.
missing since the fall of Ba-
taan, reported Jap prisoner
Moss Point school board
purchases home for teachers
Editorial; Cost-plus versus
Stability; criticizes war indus
tries for over-paying appren-
tees.
FOUR YEARS AGO THIS
WEEK, President of Chrysler
corporation and u. S. army
chief visit ingalls, yard
Postal officials announce date
set for mailing overseas Christ
mas packages Diversified
occupations training course
added to Pascagoula high cur
riculum 54th ship launched
at ingalls, yard -. No editorial
carried.
THREE YEARS AGO THIS
WEEK, Details of submarine
warfare in Gulf released for
publicity; A Gulf attacks
First peacetime launching at
ingalls, in four years EN-
ployment situation here stable
as restrictions are lifted
Front-page editorial: Merry
go-round broke n
again: criticizes state officials
for neglect of highway repairs
Kiwanis club formed
Dedication of 3 Methodist
churches in county within week
Kreole, Big Point and East
lawn churches Editorial:
Work is the kew to our future.
TWO YEARS AGO THIS
WEEK. Escatawpa roadwork
underway; work on fill started
5 liquor raids made by sher-
iff dnring week Paspoint Lit
tie Theatre holds try-outs for
opening production of the sea-
son Officials named for 1st
annual horse show to be held
here .ALibrarv opened in
Negro Recreation center
Editorial: Dairy plan for coun-
ty; cooperative association of
county's dairymen.
=
ONE YEAR AGO THIS
WEEK. Seafood laboratory ded-
icated at Magnolia State Park
Meeting set for organiza-
ton of vFW most in Moss Point
Dedication of new Our
Lady of Victories high school
h%,iiIding Khavat and Joe
V. Krebs named supervisors in
beat 2 and 3 Editorial: Ac-
ton needed on Highway 30.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27

terranean. Naval meen feel that
the warship is a more effective
display of strength than air
craft, pointing out that the air
plane is either a rather small
object sitting on the ground, or
a distant, swiftly moving OBJ
ject without emphasis on ma
tionality.
But to millions in Europe
who saw the slow and relative
ly small B-l7s and B-24s dur
ing the war, the slender winged
beauty of the BIO, with deep
and distinctive roar, is certain
to be impressive. The small
flight around the world is not
unlikely to reveal a situation
such as that encountered by the
fleet of 10 battleships which
circled the globe as a power
demonstration in 1908. That
fleet demonstrated a serious
lack of auxiliary vessels and of
facilities overseas. Naval Off
GERS decided that it showed a
lack also of merchant vessels.
The American ships had to buy
coal during the cruise.
The Navy has remedied that.
Now it is able to cruise for
months without touching shore,
receiving every type of supply
from its train" The system
was thoroughly proved in the
war against japan.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27

IS percent behind that of Tennessee and SO
percen. behind that of Florida.
Our state is as rich in natural and hui
man resources as any one of the above sister
states, and far richer than most. Our de-
Tense in the past has been that our low per
capita income is due primarily to the fact that
we are an agrarian state, and that the living
our people make from their farms is not
counted in their income. However, Sundays
figures show that the agricultural Northwest
on the basis of record crops and high prices,
led the nation in the increase of per capita
income. 1t also showed that our own Delta
section led the rest of the Southeast in the
increase in total income but not in per capita
income.
All of these facts combined with our
abundance of natural resources, high prices
for cotton and other agricultural products,
knock the props out from under our old ar
guments.
We believe that we have a right to take
pride in our progress, but we also believe that
we could profitably spend more of our energy
In tugging at our bootstraps instead of de-
Tending our position against criticism.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
You're
Telling Me-!
BY WILLIAM RIFT
Central Press Writer

Loeb Ness, home of the dean
of sea serpents, is having ter
rifle competition this year.
Folks are seeing marine mon
sters almost every day in Geor-
gian bay, the Gulf of Mexico
and the kitchen sink!
Sea serpent spoilers seem 20
have only one thing in common
they always forget to bring a
camera along.
Folks have been seeing sea
serpents ever since Noah went
yachting but none of the mon
sters has so much as given an
autograph.
So many of the dinosaur-like
denizens of the deep have been
sighted this summer that it's
possible now to establish Stats
tics on what the standard or
typical sea serpent looks like.
= =
The aquatic demons are al
ways between 90 and 100 feet in
length and have more horns
than a brass band.
,
Serpy is always seen briefly
at dawn or nightfall, never at
noon. This indicates he works
on the night shift.
= = =
When sighted, a sea serpent
always turns toward the boat
from which it is being spotted,
hises a few bars from the lat
est hit tunes, then dives out of
sight for good. This proves that
the sea serpent is. without ques-
ton, the biggest coward on
earth.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
Love Songs Denote Revolt Against
Gadgets, Sociology Professor Says

articles for overseas. Because of
the great distance the parcels
must be transported and the hand
ling and storage they must under
go, it is absolutely necessary that
articles be packed in boxes of
metal, wood, solid fiber-board, or
strong double-faced corrugated
fiberboard.
Each box should be securely
tied with strong cord, preferably
by four separate pieces, two
lengthwise and two crosswise,
knotted at crossings. Boxes should
contain sufficient cushioning ma
terial SO that the contents will
be tightly packed to prevent any
rafting or loosening of the ar
ticles within the parcels. 1t is
also desirable that all fiberboard
boxes be securely wrapped in
heavy paper, which materially
strengthens the boxes. The boxes
should be tied as above suggested
before and after applying the
heavy paper. Sealed boxes must
bear the printed inscription au-
thorizing opening for postal in
spection.
Postal rate reductions of 4
cents a pound are in effect for
gift parcels mailed by individ-
uals to individuals in those coun-
tries which are participating in
the Marshall plan for aid. This
will saw about one-fifth in postal
charges, the postmaster said.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
Calendar O
Week'sEvents
Sunday. August 2s


Union service, Moss Point
Baptist, Methodist and Pres
byterian churches, Moss Point
Methodist church, 7:30 p. M,
the Rev. A. c. Ingram, guest
preacher.
Monday. August 80
Council of Church Women
of Paseagoula, st. Johns Epis-
copal church, 3 p. m.
Mary Chappell Unit. Yves
leyan Service Guild of Moss
Point Methodist church, Mrs.
Bill Ardain, 7:30 p. m.
Tuesday. August 81
Paseagoula City Council of
Pta, Lake Elementary school,
3 p. m.
Veterans Club of Mississip-
pi, club house, 1880 p. m.
Wednesday. Sept. l
Orientation program, Pascal
goula public school teachers,
Pascagoula high school, 10
a. m.
Pascagoula Garden Club,
Garden Center, 2:30 p. m.
Reception, Pascagoula school
teachers, Pascagoula high
school, g p. m.
Thursday. Sept. 2
Orientation program, Pasca-
goula public school teachers,
P~aseagoula high school, $50
a. m.
Wesleyan Service Guild.
First Methodist church of
Paseagoula, Mrs. r. A. Herr
tage, 701-A Polk avenue.
Jackson County Teachers
Association. Pascagoula high
school, 80 p. m.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1948-08-27
Lower Postage Ia
Western Europe
Increases Mail

With lower postage rates and
the increasing interest of Ameri-
cans in extending relief to the
people of Western Europe, there
has been a substantial increase
in mailing of relief parcels over
seas, Postmaster Arthur V. Smith
said. AS Americans learn of the
addresses and needs of their rela-
tives and friends in war-devast-
ated countries, they make some
effort to send them things that
they need most.
Many a former Gil, recalling
the kindness of some family in
a country where he was station
ed and having noted the dire
need of his new friends, has sent
gifts from America. The admin
istrators of the European Reeov-
cry Administration nave pointed
out that articles mailed by in
dividuals are of far more help
in aiding destitute Europeans
than the mass distribution
through government agencies. For
one thing. the recipient can re-
quest the particular article he
needs; another is, that it increases
the friendships between individ-
uals, hence the people, of the
two lands, strengthening he
democratic forces of the world.
The postal service stresses the
importance of proper packing of