davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Murder Jury 10 Hear
Final Arguments Today
On Sanity Of Gamers

Closing arguments to the jury
today were scheduled in the trial
of the Garner brothers, charged
with numbering taxicab driver.
The defense in the District Court
case insists the two colored men,
George, 25, and Lawrence, %, are
of unsound mind and that police
obtained confessions from them by
force Police witnesses have denied
any force was used.
At the Government request, the
two men were examined at District
Jail this morning by two st. Eliza
beths Hospital psychiatrists. The
psychiatrists were expected to give
their results to the jury at this
afternoons session.
Assistant United States Attorney
Arthur j. Mclaughlin explained the
Government ordered the examina-
ton. The two psychiatrists ex-
amined them on March 4 and at
the jail shortly after the alleged
murder.
The Government seeks to estab-
lish to the jury's satisfaction that
the two defendants are OF sound
mind.
Held Sane by PsychiatriSts.
The two ST Elizabeths psychia-
trists are Dr. Bernard A. CruVant
and DR.. Norman Taub and they were
called as Government witnesses yes
terday. They testified the Garners
are of sound mind and know the diff
ference between right and wrong.
They also said the defendants were
sane the night of February q when
they are accused of robbing and
fatally shooting Howard Jones, 81,
colored taxi driver of the 400 block
of Irving street NV.
DR.. Taub said George was think
ing of suicide when he was appre-
hended by police DR.. Cruvant de-
clared George had adjusted himself
to society rather poorly and
Lawrence poorly also, but not to the
same extent as his brother He
declared they are not OF type that
should be confined in mental in
stitution.
Counsel Cite Textbooks.
Defense Counsel John Alvin
Croghan and Louis Jongbloet led
the psychiatrists through a long
series of questions on various
phases of insanity.
The lawyers also read from text
books on psychiatry in an effort to
support their position that the &C
cused are of unsound mind.
The Garners are under indictment
for another first-oegree murder.
They are charged with Staying a
second taXicab driver, James Hardy,
3S. colored, of the 900 block of G
street NE. George lives in the first
block Hanover street NV, and
Lawrence in the 2100 block l. street
NV.
Evening star., 1948-06-03

the survey also will deal with per-
sonnel and educational methods and
practices" If present plans 60
through. the survey will be con-
Quoted by DR.. George D. Strayer of
New York City former head of Co
lumbia University's College of
Teachers.
2. Cut so policemen off the pro-
posed increase of the Metropolitan
Police Force This would reduce
the proposed expansion from 207
to 157.
Without questioning the need Of
the House proposals for counter
acting crime in the National Cap
itol, the DWorshak subcommittee
concluded there are now insufflci-
ent candidates available to fill out
the higher quota, even if all the
money were allowed. The cutback
would save 100000 in the new year.
In addition, an extra $25,000 was
sliced off the fund for repair of
police automobiles. Instead, the
revised bill provides funds for the
purchase of 68 instead of only 38
new automobiles. this being con-
sidered a measure of economy in
maintenance
Reduces Teacher Posts.
3. Topped off 100000 from salary
funds for the public schools. In
recommending this. the Dworshak
plan directs the dropping of so
teaching positions in the white
schools.
TIL House had provided for "a new
school positions, including 43 teach
ers, and number of principals and
clerks. Six of the new teachers
were to be for crippled children.
The House bill provided for 81 extra
teachers for the colored schools.
The Senate bill makes no change
in this provision, but merely directs
a reduction of so in the white school
teacher payroll This was done be-
cause of testimony that many white
schools are not filled to capacity,
while colored schools are over
crowded.
Much of this cutback in teachers
in white schools may be accomp-
lished by retirements and normal
turnover in personnel between school
years.
4. Eliminated S77,600 from House.
approved funds for furnishing and
equipping school buildings, $4,000
of which was to be spent for West
ern High School. The Senate Com
mittee. however. made no change in
requests for funds for completion of
the various school projects started
this year, nor in the House proposals
for funds for building new element
ary schools in the Stanton school
and Oxen Run areas in Southeast
Washington.
5. Provided 100000 for drafting
plans for a new psychiatric building
at Gallinger Hospital denied by the
House. The subcommittee also
merged funds from unspent balances
to provide for the beginning of con-
struction of new development at
Gallinger, in which would be COM
bined housing for the pediatrics and
the crippled children's division. The
House had allowed only the new
pediatrics building
The Senate Committee also raised
the contract authority for the new
Gallinger Building from S1.6l0,000
to S2,O50,O00. The Senate bill further
would provide for the preparation OF
plans for new Gallinger laboratory
building and would give the Com
miSSloners authority to enter into a
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Wallace Ends Western Tour
Today; Hits Metal Trusts
BY the Associated Press

PHOENIX, Ariz., June 3.-Henry
A. Wallace winds up his Western
campaign tour at Albuquerque, N
Mex, today.
In ap address before an estimated
5000 persons here last night, the
third party candidate blasted metal
monopolies."
Without the war hysteria.' he
said, the metal trusts wouldn't have
huge military orders to create arti-
ficial shortages at home and enable
them to boost prices.
Without the war hysteria, the
metal trusts wouldn't have the Taft
Hartley Act, unconscionable State
laws, sand the threat of the Mundt-
Nixon bill to use against their
workers. r
These are the real reasons why
the State Department, the Congress
sional leaders and President Truman
rebuff every proposal for world
peace"
Evening star., 1948-06-03

NOT LARGE SUM OF money in down
town store, Call Taylor 7414 and identify
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Pastor to Get Decree

The Rev. j. Lloyd Black, pastor
of the Ninth Street Christian
Church, will receive an honorary
doctor of divinity degree at COM
mencement exercises Monday. at
Lynchburg Va, College.
Evening star., 1948-06-03
Lord Stanley Seeking
To Divorce Second Wife
By the Associated Press

LONDON, June 3.-Lord Stanley
of Alderley has filed petition for
divorce from his second wife. Lady
Stanley was the former Lady Ashley,
widow of Douglas Fairbanks, sr. She
and Lord Stanley were married jan
uary ID, 1914.
The case, undefended, has been
set for a hearing in London. The
date is indefinite.
No specie of birds or fowls now
existing have teeth.
Evening star., 1948-06-03

this project in the new year. The
District was given contract authority
for $L375, 900.
Evening star., 1948-06-03


iatedce LET 10
Ramkns shna
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1948-05-01
Scandinavia: Working Model
For Democracy"

Continued from Page u
much as Americans, British and
Irish.
Each Scandinavian people has
its own history, it's own racial
background, it's own character
istics. Some of these latter are
illustrated by a story which
heard recently. Six Scandinavians
were shipwrecked - two Swedes,
two Danes and two Norwegians.
They drifted for several days and
finally came to three corol atolls.
Inevitably, they divided on national
lines; the two Swedes took one is
land, the two Norwegians another
and the two Danes the third. When
after a year, they were rescued,
this was the situation: the gay
and light-hearted Danes had learn
ed how to ferment coconut milk
and were drinking "Skaap' with
each other; the serious-minded
Norwegians were arguing and dis
putting; while the Swedes were
waiting to be introduced to each
other.
But if Danes, Swedes and Nor
wegians cannot be Jumped togeth-
er, their separate national civiliza-
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1948-05-01

Sweden's youngest B hop,
forty-six year old Gunnar HUT
gren, recently was ordained in
Upsala Cathedral The colorful
ceremony was presided over by the
Right Rev. Erling Eden, Arch
bishop of Sweden, and nine Bish-
ops. The Rev. Hultgrens See is
that of Visby, capital of the Swe-
dish island of Gotland, in the Bal
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1948-05-01

| IloilS nave certainly developed
along parallel lines; and, more
than that, they have learned to
live together in peace, in mutual
respect and in spirit of growing
cooperation.
Have Faith in Democracy
They realize today perhaps more
than ever before the need to stand
together, in view of developments
to the East. Finland is to some
extent culturally and racially al
lied to Scandinavia and her po-
litical and social development,
since she regained her freedom in
1918, has followed closely the
Scandinavian pattern. The fate of
Finland in these days will be
watched with unanimous sympa-
thy and grave concern by her
northern friends. Their own faith
in democracy will be strengthen
ed not weakened by any conspir-
acy, however sugared and how
ever successful temporarily, to
force totalitarian ways upon their
neighbor.
The close cooperation between
the Scandinavian countries which
exists today did not always exist.
Quite the contrary. Racial kim
ship has never prevented blood
shed. Until modern times, Scand-
inavian history was very much
like the history of other parts of
the world = a long and dreary
and depressing record of land
grabbing wars, frequently for the
most frivolous reasons and with
out significant results, save in
creased misery for victors and van
pushed alike.
That era ended in 1914. From
then until 1941, there was peace
within Scandinavia. That did not
mean that there We're not quar-
rels and bitter conflicts of opin-
ion. But it did mean that during
this long era of peace, unmatched
elsewhere, the Scandinavian peo-
pies learned to settle their differ
ences by discussion and comprom-
Use rather than by the sword.
It was an era, not alone of tech
meal peace, but of increasing
friendship and cooperation be-
tween the three countries in Gull
tural matters, in fiscal and econ
omic policies and also in political
questions.
Ministers Meet Often
Happily, this trend today seems
to have become stronger since
World War II. Frequent meetings
have taken place between the
Scandinavian foreign ministers and
the chiefs of other departments
looking toward the formulation of
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1948-05-01

Happily, this trend today seems
to have become stronger since
World War II. Frequent meetings
have taken place between the
Scandinavian foreign ministers and
the chiefs of other departments
looking toward the formulation of
Evening star., 1948-04-11
Church Made of Coral

Coral, burned and powdered into
a cement which stays very white,
has been made into a spectacular
new church built by the London
Missionary Society, near Apia.
| Samoa.
Evening star., 1948-04-11
Brown Seeks 10 Know
III Intelligence Agency
Gave Revolt Warning

Representative Brown, Republican,
of Ohio, yesterday demanded to
know whether United States INTEL
ligence operatives warned Secretary
of State Marshall of revolution
brewing in Colombia.
Mr.. Brown said the Central In
telligence Agency should have Known
the attendance of Gen. Marshall
and other American officials at the
Bogota Conference might endanger
their lives and bring great embar-
rassment to the United States Gov
ernment."
''The whole affair has been a sad
spectacle of no benefit to this Ma
tion in the cold war now being waged
with Communistic forces" he SAID
in statement.
Mr.. Brown called on Chairman
Hoffman of the House Expenditures
Committee for prompt investiga-
ton of the Intelligence Agency. 1t
was set up last year by Congress.
He said the agency was created
"for the exact purpose of keeping
top American officials advised as to
the activities in foreign countries
which might in any way affect or
endanger the welfare of this Nation.
Surely our State Department off,
cials would have insisted on the
South American conference being
held elsewhere if they had been in
formed a bloody revolution was i'm
pending in Bogota and Colombia.
and that they and other Americans
would be forced to barricade them
selvse to preserve their lives and to
be deprived of food and communica-
ton with the outside world" Mr..
Brown said.
TT is about time the Congress and
the American people learn the facts
or reasons behind our ineptness in
the conduct of our foreign relations. "
Evening star., 1948-04-11
Yugo!slavs Query US
On Bridges Speech
BY the Associated Press

BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, Apr. 10
The Yugoslav Foreign Office said
today 1t had asked the United
States Government to say how it
feels about Senate speech urging
of an underground
movement in Europe.
The Foreign Office brought up the
speech by Sen. Bridges, Republi-
can, of New Hampshire, and
quoted him as saying that to "en-
courage an underground behind
the Iron Curtain, we should attempt
in every way possible to maintain
contact between free America and
those within conquered areas who
still have freedom in their heart"
The Yugoslav communique said
that considering Sen. Bridges po-
sition in the United States, it was
not possible to consider the speech
as an irresponsible statement of
an individual.
The Foreign Office note to the
State Department said the recon-
mendations made by Senator
Bridges are obviously contrary to
moral and legal principles known
up to now to exist among civilized
nations"
Evening star., 1948-04-11
Mediafors Fail 10 End
Stock Market Strike
by The Assoeio,sd Press

NEW YORK, April .10.-Unior
and management leaders met fol
five hours today with Federal medi-
ators in an unsuccessful effort te
end the two week-old strike against
the Curb and Stock Exchanges and
four brokerage houses.
After the meeting Emil Schram,
Stock Exchange president, and NJ
David Keefe, president of Local 205
United Financial Employees, AFL
said no progress had been made and
that no further, meetings were
scheduled.
Walter Maggiolo, one of the three
Federal mediators, said the United
States Cancellation Service had re-
ceived request from the Interna-
tional ONCE of the American Fed
Grafton of Labor calling on. 1t to
suggest that the strike be ended,
that the workers return to their
jobs without prejudice and that ne
gotiations continue for another 10
days.
| If no agreement is reached by that
time, Mr.. Maggiolo said the AFL
suggested the issues should be sub
mited to arbitration.
| Mr.. Schram told newsmen that
the suggestion was not acceptable.
Mr.. Keefe said that since the Stock
Exchange head had rejected the
proposal the impasse continues be-
cause with their rejection, the pro-
posal never reached u.s.
Evening star., 1948-04-11

Casada principal downtown street where oong place
septima main street where defenders of the
Conservative regime killed IA persons co Colombian Ministry
Communications CD Hotel Granada, where the
American delegation and correspondents
Church Of Francisco burned sacked
ing destruction priceless religious relics objects
tiquity. -AP Wirephoto.
Evening star., 1948-04-11
Georgia Town ReyoIts
Al Federal Name Chanqe
BY the Associated Press

LAFAYETTE, Ga, April 10.-Citi.
zens are bitterly opposed to pro.
posal that the Government change
the name of their town to a two
word La Fayette."
The Board on Geographic Names
said in Washington 1t had beer
asked to make the two-word name
official. The Governments official
naming agency did not go into de-
tails about who asked the change.
I'VE don't care what they do about
1t in Washington and if they change
the name we won't pay any atten-
ton to it. Freeman Mcclure, Cham
ber of Commerce president, said
And you can add Lafayette we are
here.
They changed the time and
changed the Thanksgiving and now
they want to change the name OF
our town"
Lafayette is a textile community
Of some $500 population, rs miles
south Of Chattanooga.
Evening star., 1948-04-11
Palm Beach Newspaper
And Magazine Sold
BY the Associated Press

WEST PALM BEACH, Fla, Apri
10.-Sale of the Palm Beach Daily
News and Palm Beach Life by Pub.
Usher Oscar G. Davies to John H
Perry was announced today.
Mr.. Perry is the owner of "a other
newspapers and four radio stations
in Florida.
The sale included two publications
with all equipment and fixtures. The
Daily News building was leased for
five years.
The Daily News, known in Palm
Beach as "society's shiny sheet" be-
cause it is printed on slick paper
is published daily for about four and
half months during the winter
season. Palm Beach Life is a society
and resort magazine issued twice
monthly in January, February and
March.
Evening star., 1948-04-11

AIRvIEW OF REvOLT-TORN BoGOTA-Buldings and places
affected by the revolutionary uprising in Bogota indicated
in this air view of the city Cd Avianca Airline building where
government by the airline ca Offices of the United States
Embassy whose personnel were marooned there through
peous night 90 Edico Americana housing Offices of the
American conference delegation (4) Avenida Jmnez de
Evening star., 1948-04-11

phone from Bogota and said the
Argentine delegation was ready to
leave Bogota as soon as planes sent
from Buenos Aires arrive.
In Havana President Ramon Grau
San Martin ordered an army trans
port plane sent to Bogota for use
by Cuba's delegation.
The Ecuadorean delegation was
prepared also to leave Bogota by
plane, reports in Guayaquil said.
The United States Army said at
Balboa, in the Panama Canal Zone,
!, that no plans had been made for
the immediate removal of the
American delegates from Bogota.
Some Hold Reds Secondary.
Some diplomats in Bogota, report
ing to their governments by tele-
phone, indicated that the Commun-
ist role in the disorder was Sec
ondary one.
Dardo Regules, chief of the con-
ference delegation from Uruguay,
reported that enraged Liberals
surged into the streets in spon-
taneous demonstration after they
learned of the assassination of their
party leader.
Mr.. Regules said the Communists
followed and were able to seize con-
troll of certain strategic centers,
including one or more radio stations
Uncontrolled mobs then took ad-
vantage of the situation to loot, he
said.
Direct Press Link Out.
Direct press communications with
the Colombian capital were lacking
throughout yesterday. American
newspaper correspondents were filing
reports on the situation over facili-
ties of the Sta Department in
Washington Other advices were
picked up in governmental
radio broadcasts from Colombia,
and in dispatches from South Ameri-
can capitals able to get through a
rare telephone call to the Colombian
capital.
The assassination of Liberal op-
position leader Gaitan set off the
rioting. The American correspond
entS said an air of uncertainty pre-
vailed in Bogota due to fear that
his funeral might be the signal for
new violence. No date for the fu-
neral was announced.
The army was reported gaining
control slowly of the downtown area,
with vandalism and looting halted.
Occasionally soldiers fired to scatter
! looters. Transportation was halted
and business was at a standstill.
Army Reported in Control.
| The newspaper El Comercio in
Lima. Peru, said it talked by tele-
phone to Peruvian diplomatic
representative in Bogota who re-
ported the army in full control of
the situation and President Ospina
still in power.
The newspaper said it was in
formed delegates to the Inter-
American conference would meet
during the day to decide whether
to resume the conference at Havana
or Lima.
81 Comercio quoted the Peruvian
representative, Chancellor Revor-
dedo as saying it appeared the re-
volt had Communist tendency"
Evening star., 1948-04-11
|Bogota 5 Revolt Gives
Propaganda 10 Reds
Al Critical Juncture
By John M. Hiehtower
A.,oeiot.d Pros. s.off wri,.r

1
The Colombian revolution Is re-
garded here as playing into the
hands Of Communist propagandists
throughout the world.
1t disrupted the inter-American
conference at Bogota just when
Western Hemisphere leaders were
seeking to present the world with
fresh evidence Of international unity
and stability.
The revolt confronted Secretary of
State Marshall and other delega-
ton chiefs Of Bogota with the en-
barrassing necessity of interrupting
their work on economic and political
issues vital to inter American rela-
tions.
1t also left them with the difficult
question of whether they should
seek to resume-if they could-their
meeting at Bogota, should call the
conference of indefinitely, or should
try to meet in some other place inn
mediately.
All this is grist for the Communist
and Russian propaganda mills, par
ticularly in Europe.
But diplomatic officials in Wash
ington said yesterday they were
without any concrete evidence that
the uprising at Bogota was engi-
neered by the Communists, despite
widespread reports of Communist
agitation and plans for sabotage in
IVariOllS latin countries
Such reports have come most re-
Gently from Brazil. Chile and Para
quay and in all of those nations
Communists leaders had been ar.
rested in the last few days.
In the case of Colombia, however
the belief of the best informed
authorities here is that there is nc
definite evidence that the revolt
was a carefully planned operation
They believe instead 1t was the
result of a sudden upsurge of pop
ular anger because of the assassi-
nation of Liberal Party Chief Jorge
Eliecer Gaitan.
This anger was quickly trans
formed into mob violence. Stimuli
taneously revolutionary leaders arose
who sought to spread the uprising te
the country outside Bogota and to
unseat the government of President
Mariana Ospina Perez.
1t was not until the movement
was actually under way, so far as
Washington officials now know, that
Communist leaders added theiI
voices to the demands for action
and the call of the Colombian Con-
federation OF workers came for 9
general strike
President Ospina Perez Friday
night asserted that the whole re-
volt was Communist maneuver
and that apparently the assassin oi
Mr.. Gaitan was "of Communist af-
filiation."
If Mr.. Ospina Perez can prove his
charge in satisfactory manner he
would give tremendous support to
Latin American officials outside Co
lombia. They have contended that
the Communists were in fact seek
ing to disrupt the Inter-American
conference and generally upset
Western Hemisphere solidarity.
But another point of view was
expressed by Colombian Vice Presi-
dent Eduardo Santos in New York
who declared, There is no revolu-
ton at all" He saw it as simply an
enormous "outburst of passion" be-
cause of the assassination of Mr.
Gaitan. ase gag
| Authorities here for the most part
went along with the Santos esti-
mate Of the situation. The belief
was expressed that the assassina-
ton was the work of fanatic
rather than of some member of a
conspiracy deliberately organized
for the purpose of creating an up
rising.