davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Smyrna times., 1948-03-04
BROILERS FIGHT.
BAD SHIPMENTS
Delmarva Br0iler Federation
Urges Buying of Good
Quality Chicks
QUALITY CUTS EXPENSE

The Delmarva Broiler Fedora
tion is inaugurating a program to
combat the shipment of poor quail
ity chicks being shipped onto the
Peninsula from egg producing
areas. G. A. Hooker, Executive
Secretary of the Federation, states
During past springs many broil-
er growers have bought RhSde
Island Red cockerels and sex-rink
cross cockerels imported from the
egg producing areas at extremely
low prices. In most instances,
these chicks have not been profit
able to the broiler grower. In 13
or ID weeks it has ben demonstrate
ed that the flocks from this type
of chick have had to be down.
graded at several cents under mar
ket prices. In our campaign, we
are trying to prove that cheap
chick does not always represent a
saving"
In line with the program being
put on by the Delmarva Broiler
Federation, DR.. Morley A. JUL,
head of the Poultry Department of
the University of Maryland, advis-
es that feed costs now amount to
at least so per cent of the total
cost of producing eggs or chicken
meat. so per cent is considered
normal. JUL said, "Good quality
chicks cut expenses by growing
faster, resulting in a short cut in
the per dozen cost of eggs" He
urged Maryland poultrymen to III
buy from hatcheries or dealers
whose birds have given a good ac-
count of themselves in the past;
Smyrna times., 1948-03-04

(2) visit hatcheries or dealers to
see what they have to offer.
The Delmarva Broiler Fedora
tion, by the use of this and similar
campaigns hopes to eliminate in
the coming year the unnecessary,
Improbable habit of buying chicks
for price rather than for quality.
Smyrna times., 1948-03-04

er said that thousands of veterans
of all the Armed Forces have ask
ed to enlist in the u. S. Army and
serve their country right here at
home. Today the U. S. Army
goes long way toward filling that
request. Now any veteran of any
of the Armed Forces who has seen
service overseas since September
2, 1945, may enlist directly into his
choice of eight famous combat di-
visions stationed in the United
States. There's an important job
to be done here at home. The de-
tense of the United States must be
at strength. There are
thousands of new volunteers every
These men must be train
ed by experienced veterans. BY
enlisting in one of the divisions as
signed to these jobs, you can take
part in the important work they
are doing. You will be assigned
to three full years of service with
the outfit you select.
According to Sgt. Peaeher, many
prior service men can enlist for
this assignment and by means of
current regulations regain all or
part of the grade they held at the
time of their separation. The de-
termining factor in regaining their
old grade is the occupational spec
ialty they held during their previ-
Gus service and the length of time
they held it. For further details
visit your local Army and Air
Smyrna times., 1948-03-04

Force Recruiting Sgt. located IN
the State Armory, Dover, Della
ware.
Smyrna times., 1948-03-04
NOTICE

In pursuance of an order of Elwood
Kemp. Register of Wills. in and for Kent
County. Delaware dated March l, 1913
notice is hereby given of the granting of
Letters of Administration on the estate of
Mary Elizsbeth Darrah. deceased, on March
l, 194S. All persons having claims against
the said Mary Elizabeth Darrah are re-
quired to exhibit the same to such Admin
istrator within one year after the said date
of granting of Letters of Administration
or abide by the law in that behalf which
provides that claims against the said
estate not so exhibited shall be forever
barred.
CHARLES L. HARMONSON
Administrator of
Mary Elizabeth Darrah, deceased.
Dover. Delaware.
Elwood Kemp.
Register of Wills
Smyrna times., 1948-03-04
NOTICE

I will not be responsible for any
bills unless contracted by myself.
RICHARD v. CASTLE
Smyrna times., 1948-03-04
NOTICE
NOTICE

I will not be responsible for any
bills unless contracted by myself.
WILLIAM S. STEELE
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12

section OF the Will.
Michigan delegation viii be
headed by Mrs. jeanette Cleary,
Highland Park, president. and
Mrs Thomas Wcbber. cha nan
of the Detroit branch.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12

Spice Of Life
BY cecilIe

Francis Dent and Willis
Graves. Detroit's legal brains
who assisted in the prepare
ton of the historic restric-
tive covenant cases that were
recently ruled on by the Su-
preme Court, are still TAX
ing bows on the. excellent
job accomplished On Fri
day night, both attorneys,
along with DR.. Drew, were
honored at an Open House
and semi-formal dancing
party at the Omega House
by the Omega Psi Phi fra
ternity. Dent is an Omega
frater.
On Friday. May 81, Graves,
who is a member of the Kappa
Alpha Psi fraternity. will be hon
orcd al a testimonial banquet by
his brothers at the Kappa Kas
tie. The Detroit chapter also went
or record. according TO Polemarch
Joseph Craigen, as nominating
Graves for the Laurel Wreath
award. the highest award that
the Grand Chapter OF Kappa All
pha Psi gives. Each year at us
annual convention. two X y p a
men are honored with the Laurel
Wreath for some outstanding CIV
lc achievement This year the ma
tional convention Viii be held in
Detroit. and the Detroit chapter
is gong all out for Graves.
Detroltcrs who are IN Kansas
City attending the AME conven-
ton are Mrs. Rosa Gragg. Mas
HaneY. Herbert Dudley. Mr.. Els
minger. and Charles Fisher
For those of you who have en-
ioycd some of the tasty dehcacles
prepared under the hand and dl-
recuon Of Frances Owen. head OF
the YWCA Cafeteria (Lucy
Thurman). here's good news.
Frances is going to let TRIBUNE
readers IN on some of her culi-
nary secrets. Watch for her coll
umn--"Foods and Fancies
ST. Peter Claver Community
House, $50 Elliott, is holding its
9th annual open house Friday,
May IA, from 3 to pm. The lit
tie tots from the nursery school
will give dancing and rhythm
band demonstration, and the
choral club will sing. Grace Ash
by and Gardenia Doughty Will do
solo parts with the choral group.
Serving as hostesseS for the day
will be Mrs. H. Lincoln Kemp.
president of the board of dircc-
tors. Mrs. Joseph Verhelle. and
other members Of the board. It
will be nice TO drop by The
community house Is sponsored by
the League OF Catholic Women
and the Community Chest.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12
SPEAKER FOR WOMEN'S PEACE GROUP
WAS PRESENT AT BOGOTA UPRISING

When the Women's International League for Peace
and Freedom at Holiday House. Pine Lake May
1916 many interesting speakers labor relations and
milarsm will be presented
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12

The revue was fantasy,
East o. the sun and West O
the Moon and prtscnt.ng the
Manncquns ~ 48 IN Modern
Melody with fashions running
tho eamui Of activity from ports
10 formal attire Commentators
fol the show were Ms Helen
T. Wilson, president oi tho club.
and Mrs lusnetta Doziet Smith
Of New York City
GLAMOR GALLEY
The mammoth show 0peupd
with the Garden OF Tie Moon
scene featuring the Zonta Clam
our gallery lovely models de-
plotting each month Of the Year
They were January, Laura
Glenn February Elizabeth Rob-
lnson March, Martha Luudy.
April, Ramona Washington May
Jacquelnc Luke. June Shirley
Timbers, July, Adchne Stureis
August. Dolores Lewis SepteU-
Der Dorothy Crimes October
Dolores Franklin November.
Dorothy Allen and December,
Emerance Thomas.
Hiehhght OF the show was the
selection of Miss Dotto.tei
from among the many comelv
manneqWnS Winner YVES Ms.
I Dorothy Dennis Also vicing tor
honors and receiving plaudits
from the audience were Marian
Reason Ticrnc Crawford Ednu
Hill, JOY USscIy Mary Norman
Elaine Anderson, LaNerne and
Dorothy Berry, Thclma Lee
Ruby King Martha Lundv. Jua-
nlta Jones, Emerancc Thomas.
Willie Bradley chair styles
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12

mllitarism will be presented,
J1cluded on the list is Miss
Mabel Vernon Washington. d
C.. director Of Peoples Mandate
Committee for Inter American
Peace and Cooperation. The
speaker was an eyewitness to
the uprising at Bogota. Column
bla accompanying the Inter-
American Conference recently
Her view is that economic
causes brought about the ter
rorism there. rather than COM
munistic influences. She viii adj
dress the group at a disarma-
ment dinner May IA. at the
Central Branch YWCA. With
erell, which is open TO the public.
LABOR INSTITUTE
Other features include a labor
institute on Friday morning,
May IA, at Christ Church. Gran
brook with Roy Reuther, JAW
Go. Samuel Jacobs. Educational
Department. UAW-CIO: Arthur
Elder, vice-president. American
Federation of Teachers: and
Maynard Kruger, Professor of
Economics, Chicago University
John w Swomley Jr, Wash
ington. d. C.. director OF the
National Committee against Con-
scripton; Mrs Annalee Stewart.
national president Of the VIII:
Dr. Olive Reddick. Hood Col
lege, National Chairman OF the
Policy Committee; and others
viii help develop the purpose
Of the conference Of the U S
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12
Pretty Bride
Designs Goun
For Nubtiab

Wtafng q gown 81 her own
design MarINa walker dalgh-
ter 81 NJ and NJ J T Walker
OF Montcth avenue. became the
bride OF Michael Johnson on
Saturday noon 81 the nome Of
the buuC parents
The bodice of the brides
gown was Of embroidered net
over satin IN traditional white
The full skirt extended nto a
Tram Her ilngerup veil was
attached 20 a headdress made Of
matching fabric The bride car
rod a bouquet ot calla lilies
The bndos parents were hosts
az reception which followed
the ce rv after which the
happy couple left tor a honey
moon trr 10 Niaears Falls and
New York City
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12

-. TIP BlTS It's address for DR. AND MRS Ed
MA LOCkHART They their home
No. n Avenue with their dainty little daughter. Judy
Me hAMADEAN BOYETTE summoned members the Scholar
sup Committee OF the Chic Chapter OF Phi Delta Kappa
e on Wednesday night to plans their bridge
uIe MR. ERNEST POTTS OF St Paul Mimi representative Of
Nc eme Liberty Life Insurance Co, spending few DAYS in
Detroit seeing the chatting many friends from
GAYS at liocon University, Missouri.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12
Carnation Club

The Carnation Club met at
the home of Mrs Maggie Payne,
6359 Lovett, last week. Presiding
was Mrs. Viola Gordon. A very
interesting session was held,
The next meeting will be at
the home OF Mrs. Kate Smith,
GAP East Vernon Apt. s.
Mis-. S. Smith, reporter
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12

Talk of the To7e,n.
BY LYNNETTE PENN

n hostesscs gather about to share mutual in
@S MAN y %ere host. a D A On IA. MF AR
morning with Dr. Ernest cabuie and
@ AND Mrs ihaay "sa' Sa
S n Rucker Mr. and Mrs cabue and Fathe and Mrs Fred
erick Meyers guests.
THE BEvy OF BEAUTIES seen in the Century of
Club Three Sizes on SATURDAY, sieIno0n were members Of the
SEES al bridge luncheon Receiving the members
esso s.nss
y Margaret Dudley Regina oNe Lillian Bulls and EVELYN An
derson.
MRS. FANNETTE NORRIS and MRS. BEATRICE OVER
cb last %S Sr r N men that ie{ sfeted new Ses
WIN dent Ms Emcia cabule iecodine secretary MIS- Alma
Mc,sno assistant Mrs Jennie Perry corresponding
has been o.sanzed more than twenty years.
CLUB cERlsE mock cabaret party. is attracting the
Kappa Alpha Sorority Ivy hostesses
Arabian atmosphere will be achieved by novel decorations and
coNzELLE BAILEY interpretive line Ivy
the tunes PHYLLIS BRowDER is chairman Of
EDGAR GUEST vel known poet and reprcscnttye Of the
nbeon on saturday MAY Is at Bethel AME This IS in onncc.
lion the annual Detroit Musicians Associations Clinic
REDFRcK DENNARD and the Estee Apdews Cavalier Singers
@ d Soa d sGa Ra9 P Gen oent 6d Of
G p9 Guild Snu a MGGSns Robert Nolan o. the Nolan
director workshop MRS MILLYE HYN-
son
GLAMoRous Juaneiia Dozier Smith Of New York City
the commentator for the zontas Fashion Revue
She childhood friend of the Zona president Helen
Wilson who flew 10 New York weeks do the
fashion show by the NAACP directed
The visitor candidate for Alderman Of N. Y
last and in the running again this While here she
d cocktail by the GEORGE SAWYERS of
Boston Boulevard.
THE TRAVEL LANES brought guests TO
Among them Mrs Grover Nelson of Pittsburgh Pa. who
ting m daughter and soninlaw Thcma and Charles Hancock in
then ycy homo Coming 20 visit his family JIMMIE
WILLIAMS Mrs Wallace Williams street
lne pc home his brother, Wallace Jr
Tampa Fla
GET.WELL CARDS for the week MRS. JOHN H.
LOOMS mother of Mr. Lloyd LOOMS who repeatedly quite i'll
az The LOOMS home Trowbdge And TO MRS. OUEENIE
MAY WILLIAMS prominent matron who is recupeang her
home Woodland following disqualification Also
MISS THERESA CAVER sweetvoced heard
sY over Radio Station CKLW but who has been sieneed for
some months due 10 illness
II) HITS It's address for DR. AND MRS ED
valid LOCkHART They their home
42 T.1an Avenue with their dainty little dauphter
hS tAlADEAN BOYETTE summoned members the Scholar
sup committee OF the Chic Chapter OF Phi Delta Kappa
M non on Wednesday night TO make plans for their bridge
.e NR ERNEST POTTS OF St Paul Mimi. representative Of
% supreme Liberty Life Insurance Co. spending few
o seeing the sights and chatting with friends from
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1948-05-12
PETER PAN NURSERY AIDED BY
FUNDS FROM zONTA'S SHOW

A thousand or more plll0nS gathered al the Club
Latin Quarters last Monday night for the annual Fash
ion Revue of the Ionta Club The ashonaby dressed aud
fence witnessed the unfolding of he 1913 version with
added interest they knew that being presented
for WORTHY the Peter Pan NLr.erN School.
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19
Street Lights To Be More And Brighter

Among the highlights of the new"REA system will be those shaf will shine on Kodiak's streets to replace the few out moded beacons that now glimmer st night.
 To replace the 15 or l6 street hghts now in use will be about 50 modern lights which will be placed all along the towns streets.
 The new lights won't depend on manpower for lighting and turning off, as do the old ones which aren't even made for out- side use. They will operate on she photo-electric principle, and when darkness reaches a certain degree will be turned on auto. matieally at the plant Similarly in the morning, when it is light enough, they will be turned off.
 The new lights will be placed on Mission I'd to the city limits at Spruce st., their exact location depending on the layout of the Ioad; on the hull above the post office; at all intersections; along Mill Bay I'd to the first ceme. tery; along the Beach I'd and Marine Way; at the footbridge at Krafts, on Cope St. and Alder lane, and on Carlson Hill. Alley intersections will also be lighted.
 The lights will not only make nighttime driving and walking easier, but will afford police and fire protection to 8 greater ex- tent than is now possible.
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19

from the post office hill to the Brooklyn Ave. intersection. Storm sewers, concrete curbs. and concrete gutters will be put in. A ter work on the road is completed, it is expected that cement walks will be laid by the property owners.
 The curves in the road will not be removed, but it will be made a uniform width, necessita- ting the moving of parts of sev- eral building which now jut out into the street.
 Lynch Co. bid for the paving job, made and accepted several months ago was $34,ooO.
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19
Major Improvements
 Slated For Kodiak -.-
Paving Of Alaska Way
 Scheduled For August


 Paving of the main street, AL aska Way, is expected to be started during August with assurance from the Bank of Kodiak that it will lend the city the money to pay it's share
 Property owners fronting on road have agreed to pay part of the cost, depending on their footage.
 Mayor Lee Bettinger told the council Monday evening that the bank will lend the money to the city, and final legal details are being ironed out now.
 Contract for the paving has been let to Patrick Lynch and Co.,, which is expected to com. plete the job 90 days after it is started The road will be black-topped
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19
] Flubber's Gulch
 lRs Destination

George Mason and Michael Coulehan, base employees and former Kodiak based servicemen, plan to leave this week for a vacation in the states.
 They will fly to Anchorage buy a car and drive down the Alean, thence to the East Coast.
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19

MT Massom said they will se- first to his home in "Flubber's Gulch, New Joisey". and then to MT. Coulehan's home in Cum -s-s-+.-rzrss,1ssess~eas-ss
 berland, Md.
 MT. Massom added they "are hopeful of returning to Alaska as soon as we have completed
 our we'll Learned rest "
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19
-.szl is--a-i.-i--l.-s---' --''-'
 NQIlGe
Iplan to be out of town for the last 10 days of June. Marion Curtis or

Bill Taylor, home for the sum- mer from the University of Ala ska, is driving a Tagura Transit bus,
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19

Jack Healey. student at the University of Washington, re- saRnsd home this week to spend sAs summer vacation with hls parents. ~3 '~''7" '"
Kodiak mirror., 1948-06-19

MIRROR Classified Ads Pay
The Nome nugget., 1948-05-26
Pan American To Start All-Cargo
 Service To Alaska

To meet increasing demands for air cargo space to Alaska, Pan American World Airways will in- augurate an all-cargo schedule. effective June l, E.. H. Herold, cargo traffic superintendent for the Alaska Region announced to- day.
 A four-engine Douglas DC-4 es- pecially equipped for cargo car riage will be added to the Alaska fleet, flying from Seattle to Fair banks with stops at Juneau and Ketchikan on demand.
 Upwards of 100000 pounds per mon h can be carried with in augurating of this service, enab- ling Pan American to keep pace with an ever-increasing demand
The Nome nugget., 1948-05-26
Salmon Packers Union Disagree On Price Of Fish

CORDOVA, -( (P) Clam pack ing got underway today after a months delay by a labor dispute.
 A deadlock continues, however, in the salmon industry dispute.
 The principal dispute between clam canners and the Copper Riv- CT and Prince William Sound Can nery Workers Union was a de- mand of resident cannery workers for a standard eight-hour day giv- en imported labor.
 The union settled for a guaran- tee of 200 hours work for the season, with a 20-cent hourly wage increase from last year.
 The guaranteed work last year was only for 80 hours.
 The operators also agreed to give preference to local labor.
 The delay was expected to re- duce the clam pack 40 per cent or more. Cordova puts up 70 per
The Nome nugget., 1948-05-26

cent of the Pacific pack of razor clans.
 A labor deadlock also continues in the salmon industry, although the season opened May IS. The Cordova district of the Fisheries Union and the Alaska Salmon h. dustry, Inc, were reported still far apart in their dispute over fish prices.
 The union was reported to have come down from $1 to 94 cents for reds and silvers, with the op- orators raising their offer from G5 to 67 cents. The latest asking prices of the union for other sp-- cies include:
 35 cents for pinks, with oper- ators offering 20;
 50 cents for chums, operators offering 25;
 16 cents a pound for kings; op- orators offering $2.25 per fish.
 No further labor-operator meet ings were scheduled.
 The Prince William Sound Can ming pack last year totaled more than S9,0OO,OO0 worth.
 
 A meteorologist can look into a girls eyes and tell whether.
The Nome nugget., 1948-05-26
for clipper cargo.

for clipper cargo.
 The present schedule calls for flights from Seattle on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, afford ing desirable delivery times for merchants in Alaska.
 Pan Americans daily cargo service will be continued for the carriage of some commodities such as newspapers, magazines, fruits, vegetables, flowers, meats and dairy products. The cargo clipper will handle heavy move mems and cargo of unusual size and weight.
 Herold pointed out that the vol ume of cargo to Fairbanks has increased eight times since in- auguration of lowered cargo rates in December l947. Pan American is the largest regular carrier of commercial air cargo to Alaska Herold said.
 With the increased tempo in the cargo field, the airline re-
The Nome nugget., 1948-05-26
MARRIED MONDAY BY
 COMMISSIONER DUFFIELD

Dorothy A. Glidden of Ellens- burg, Washington, and Sgt. Joseph A. Large, stationed at Marks Air Force Base, were married by US. Commissioner Ted Duffield on Monday May 24th.
 Attendants were Hulan A. Al len and Robbie E. Jones, both are soldiers stationed here.
The Nome nugget., 1948-05-26
ARMY CONTINUES SEARCH FOR MEDICAL OFFICER

Using Deering as base, US. Army pilots are continuing the search for the missing medical officer who went to the rescue of the "Clobberd Turkey"
 According tn information re- ceived, the 'paradoctor' is the on- ly person still missing. gently purchased new loading eq- uipment for Juneau. Fairbanks and Seattle.
The Nome nugget., 1948-05-26

A meteorologist can look into a girls eyes and tell whether.
Evening star., 1948-10-16
REAL ESTATE LOANS.

CASH FOR end TRUST NOTES (white or
settlement Prefer per
sonal calls to telephone calls FULTON
R. GORDON, 1877 Eye st. n ". DI. $3.50.
QUICK CASH for End; trust notes. long or
short term: D. G.. only. DI. 450S; ewes
and Sun. GE $780, F. A. GARVEY. 1913
TRUSTS. lst, end and 3rd; Md. Va. and
D. c.; wk.'s. service. ADAMS REALTY
FIksT-TRUST LOANS on real estate: low
rates; 3 or 5 year terms and monthly
payments P. J. WALsHE. INC, Ills Eye
LOANS ON ZEAL EsTATE-1st and IND
trust. No red tape. Quick service HENRY
sALus. established 1924. Ma. 1859
No MoN.l 81 Isl sEcoMp S,. 5hgsr-yMs T. " W
RsEsgassT !;si eSk5 SssoS4 sis
AND s.: End TRUST sr'Goa HoANs ssas aa re.
tate in D; G: Md. and Va: MR.. DRAIsNER,
MofreAGE t9f & no EoANs, s 441aS.z4ns-5s; grad
'A'sfs MooRE 'ssn HILL e.
Sc fs' AS1 ~ iass *ns 4RusT st RT' 1oAss-promD,
call COLONIAL INVESTMENT c.. sI7
9th st. NV RE $3.50
CLIENTS to buy end trust notes. deferred
MITCHELL Quick. ST. 3s.s. RA. s4is.
Evening star., 1948-10-16
AUTO TRUCKS FOR SALE.

esII 1GPGE GE 1a4a lasa panel in good condition. ts
CHEvRoLET 1888 1-ton panel delivery
YER best Gend s$a5z zso terms sl5S cash
FORD 1887 VS. Ea-ton pickup; splendid
little truck; S325 terms, S125 cash, $50
mo. ROPER 1870 r. /. ave. ne. 16'
194I 12-ton panel sedan; good mech. cond.
ese be qsas r as Us. rus1 o tm s
CHEVROLET 1s41 Bypass. school bus;
excel cond.; motor recent. overhauled, new
brakes, good tires and paint; must see to
appreciate: reas. price. WI. 1888; -l7
ssSs s5s * a5ss Rjst''4 10 ssSs Ssss nsse
sass.s2 s9sass saz gsSso gs3s }ss sss
SSt Ell 5sss rs s!e9 ss4s stake sssy sss s
1.if ifon r. Dansl Diss body; good tires' IS f555
DODGE Dol G ls4a .t' M-ton panel; s4e5; can be
seen at Jefferson Service Station, 5410
s'S SoRsp 1"py Ge t9es s!fhs IKE
cab, etc; This truck is late as model;
orig sale was in AZ and has very low
at KAPLAN & CRAWFORD, 1929 Cham
pssla Psi9 DobGE 'niT power wagon: less than
with front power winch assembly. rear
pintle hook, 9OOx16 s-ply tires. etc; an
excel buy; peri. for the farm construc..
ton, ton work etc. The truck that proved o,,eS
At ST 1875. KAPLAN Il CRAWFORD. .2329
champlain st. NV. -1S