davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-02-29

officers were selected IN some myS-
terious ways by somebody else"
Wages in Puerto Rico are low by
continental standards but high for
the Caribbean area-but IS per cent
of the families have an income OF
only d few hundred dollars yearly.
The picture is just about the same
in the Virgin Islands where some
$4,000 to 10000 people in the prin-
cipal communities of st. Thomas
St. John and st. Croix are trying
to make out under a struggling agri-
cultural economy built around the
always uncertain sugar crop, some
shipping and a disappearing rum
trade. In 1916 the average st. Croix
family lived on $500; st. Thomas
which is operated as single politi-
cal unit with st. John although they
are separate islands-did a little
better.
The American Government and
the islanders are in agreement that
the future of the Virgins, which
Herbert Hoover called an effective
poorhouse," rests in building up the
tourist business. A six-week divorce
law is one of the inducements now
offered, form of promotion highly
Objectionable to the Catholic church
there. The law is beginning to serve
its purpose, according to reports.
Eye the Tourist Trade
Puerto Rico, with a high birth
rate that bothers the top men in
view of the restricted land area, and
q low death rate, expects q popu-
lation OF 100000 by 1860, that it
is hoped to make self-supporting.
The spearhead in this drive is the
Puerto Rico Industrial Development
Co., set up by the island govern
ment in 1912 to stimulate the in
dustrialization of the island-where
sugar long has dominated industry
as well as agriculture-by surveyors
and research, financial aid to pri-
vate investors and through estab-
lishment of industries in those in
stances where private capital cannot
be induced to come in despite OBJ
vious need for some particular in
dustry.
Paperboard, glass and heavy clay
plants and shoe factory have been
established by the company which
Evening star., 1948-02-29

middle hesitate-and particularly
they hesitate because Of the danger
Of trouble at the very time when q
way out of the economic woods
seems to be opening up for France
Therein lies the real base Of pow
er of the Schuman government.
That is why it has been able to in
stall measures, such as higher taxes
on business and the farmers, which
would have overthrown weaker
cabinet long ago.
This Third Force" has its inter-
nal troubles, being political fu-
sion based chiefly on teamwork be-
tween the Socialists and the Gen.
trist MRP. But it keeps the sup
port of every one in Parliament who
does not want either Of the other
"fcrces"-De Gaulle or the Com
munists-because, as one prominent
Deputy put it, the alternative would
be lie fin de Ia Republique." He
meant, Of course, the end of . re-
public in the French parliamentary
tradition. What De Gaullism would
mean no one, apparently including
De Gaulle, can be quite sure.
The future of France, in the judg-
ment of impartial insiders, rests or
holding together through this tense
period until the crop comes in anc
until the Marshall Plan has. q
chance to bringstisaE Erecovery tosths
country.
Quick Action Urged
whether this can be done de.
pends, first, on how much price.
go up and, second, on what sort oi
orders the Communists get from
Moscow.
If they get orders to wreck be.
fore June, there will be trouble
even if they are outlawed and driver
underground. If they are told not
to risk running completely their in
fuence with French people who
may still be doubtful, they may de-
lay their attack until later. ..-.
There is just one thing certain in
the whole picture: All construc-
tive thinking on French recovery
starts from the assumption that
the American Congress, which has
never let France down, won't now.
However, If Congress wants Amer
lean aid to stabilize this key nation
of Western Europe, it must act
promptly.
Everything depends on what hap
(See FRANCE, Page .C-8.)
Evening star., 1948-02-29
0sts Want Food Shelter and Clothing-Not Politics

excise and income taxes for IL
years, plus partial exemption for
three additional years. Since the
United States income tax does not
apply to Puerto Rico, whatever
earnings these industries have on
the island remain tax free.
Theodore Moscoso, jr., president
of the company, told reporters in
President Truman's party that con-
versations have started with Re-
construction Finance Corp. officials
about s2oo,0OO,oOo self-liquidating
RFC loan that would be applied to
a development program aimed at
expanding the Industrial machine
and broadening agricultural opera
tions by crop diversification; ex-
Evening star., 1948-02-29

ment In December to defeat the
Communists and get production go
ing.
; But If prices keep on climbing FO
may find itself in competition with
CGT in demanding wage increases
and food riots should not be difficult
for the Red agitators to stir up. A
chain reaction of turmoil could
bring the government down and if
that happens, nearly anything can
happen.
Might Turn to De Gaulle
The country could, and might,
turn to Charles de Gaulle, undoubt-
edly today, as during the war, its
Evening star., 1948-02-29

now is seeking to interest main
land money in further expansion,
with some success, notably large
print cloth plant, flour milling CEN
ter and $5,0O0,0O0 hotel-for Puerto
Rico also is eyeing the tourist trade.
President Truman had a look at
some of this in the course of an auto
ride around the San Juan district,
and was amazed at the strides made
since his earlier visit.
Industrial inducements
Lower wages, favorable shipping
rates and tax exemption are some
of the industrial inducements
offered to outsiders. There are Al
industries exempt from property,
Evening star., 1948-02-29

I the islands in 1917 and has since
been spent on them.
A sore point right at this stage
is the abandonment by the Gov
ernment of wartime facilities in
cluding a submarine base and air.
field at st. Thomas which kept
about 5000 armed service personnel
on the job. Meanwhile, it was
pointed out to members of the Tru-
man party, the armed services are
holding on to their bases in British
and French possessions, which not
only profit from the personnel sta
toned there, but also from the
business brought in my military
business moving through.
One thing the Virgin Islanders
want badly is the return of about
81 600, 900 annually which repre-
sents the rum tax take by the Wash
ington Government. That money
would do a lot of good, according to
islanders who want President Thu
man to support bill by Representa-
tive Crawford, Republican, of Michi-
gan, to recover the funds. Puerto
Rico and Hawaii get this conces-
sion.
Seek Outside Capital
The islanders are hopeful that
Government policies will encourage
outside capital to come in, just as
it has elsewhere.
: Industrially, the Virgins have two
sugar mills and two rum distilleries
on cane-growing st. Croix and two
distilleries on st. Thomas.
There is sentiment in the islands
for appointment of . resident COM
missioner to give the people voice
in Washington, although there
seems generally to be high regard
for Gov. william H. Histie, former
Howard University law dean, even
in opposing political ranks. He is
the first Negro Governor OF the is
land.
The Interior Department, which
administers island affairs. has its
critics.
As the President concluded his
tour of both Puerto Rico and the
Virgins, leaders expressed the view
that the visit had helped intra-
family relations. Mr.. Truman also
was satisfied,
Evening star., 1948-02-29

Labor Relations Board, the part di-
rected by General Counsel Robert
N. Denham, denies any tendency to
persecute labor with the broad in
junctive powers provided by the
act. Attaches point to Mr.. Dem
hams instructions to use such au-'
thority sparingly and the figures
seem to bear them out.
So far, Mr.. Denham has asked Il
njunctions of various Federal dis
trict courts. OF these requests, six
have been granted, four dismissed
and four are still pending. And the
most important order granted was
one obtained by the Denham office
against General Motors Corp. at the
request of the CLIO United Auto
Workers. 1t restrained GIN from
putting into effect a group insur-
ance plan, which the union and the
NLRB believed should be the sub
ject of bargaining between the
union and employer. This reveals
the injunctive power as something
of two-edged weapon.
The most important INDUCTION re-
quest still pending is the one filed in
Indianapolis against the AFL In
ternational typographical Union in
behalf of newspaper publishers in
Chicago and elsewhere. The ITU
has been on strike against Chicago
newspapers since November, a dis
pute centering around the Taft
Hartley ban on the closed shop
which the union has enjoyed for
decades.
Interpretation Lays
Several days ago, the Federal
court handed down a preliminary
ruling upholding the constitution
ality of Taft-Hartley injunctive pro-
cesses, which had been challenged
by the ITU. However, the court has
yet to consider the merits of the
many complaints against the print
ers' union.
Such court action and the threat
of it, the Denham Office says, have
been very effective real and psyche
logical deterrents in regard to the
use by unions of the secondary boy
colt. For example, the AFL Team
sters' Union a couple of months ago
a tieup of the Port of
Albany in a dispute over the
method of transporting goods to
New York City. Food and other
badly needed overseas,
were involved. The board obtained
a court order and the situation
cleared up in hurry.
A long step forward in labor rela-
tions which the Denham Office says
should be credited to the new law
is the plan now being completed for
settling building industry JurlSolc-
tional disputes-arguments between
unions as to who should do certain
work. A long time plague of the
construction industry, strikes in
support of work claims are outlawed
by the act.
At least partially, because of Mr..
Denham's suggestion, the contrac-
tors and the various AFL building
trades unions have just about COM
pleted plan for settling jurisdic-
tional problems without recourse to
the NLRB. Mr.. Denham may be
pardoned for having a selfish inter-
est in the success of the plan, be-
cause the normal stream of disputes
Evening star., 1948-02-29

panding low-cost housing; develop
ment hydro-electric power and i'm
proving sanitation by providing
more water and sewerage facilities
On the political side, opinion is
divided among those who favor in
dependence in a spirit of friend
ship with the United States similar
to that under which Philippine in
dependence was established; those
who favor statehood, and those who
want full local self-government
biased on rights and not on spe-
cial favor" according to Luiz
Munoz- Marin, Senate president and
one of the leading political powers
in the island.
Move Toward Home.Rule
The country will take a new step
toward more home-rule this No
vember when the law providing for
an elected Governor becomes effec-
tive. President Truman, who favors
referendum under which the
Puerto Ricans could decide their
own political destiny. gave them
their first native-born Governor in
Jesus T. Plnero, the incumbent.
Congress, which always has a
number of Puerto Rican bills in the
hopper, has no referendum legisla-
ton pending since the death of a
bill In the Seventy-ninth Congress,
and leaders seem to have some doubt
as to just when such q popular
vote should be taken, although
favoring the idea in principle.
The problems Of the Virgin Is
lands seemingly differ from those Of
Puerto Rico only in the degree rep
resented by the difference in size
of the respective populations.
The islanders want better deal
politically, but in conversations with
political and business leaders, visi-
tors are informed forcefully that
their number one cause is more
attention by the United States to
island economics. They see their
only future in the tourist trade,
think the Government should do
what it can to stimulate this busi-
ness, and point out that the Gov
ernment has collected more taxes
something over $4,000, 900 between
1s34-4s-on rum exported to the
United States than was paid for
Evening star., 1948-02-29
State Department Scored
For Patched-Q Quilt Policy
Analyst Says Legislators Lack Confidence
in Executive Branch and the Gulf
Between Them Grows Wider
BY Constantine Brown

Never in the Of odmers in Conge-not during
bitter the Versailles eahas there been greater
executive branches the Government
there been greater lack of confidence the Hill
actions activities of the State Department.
Representatives have become
Evening star., 1948-02-29

In the last IL months Senator
more aware-and also more vocal
the failings of the State
Department, which in turn is irked
by "indiscreet" questioning by Con-
gress Of its actions.
Different During the War
During the war Congress was
acquiescent, resigned to voting any
thing the administration demanded
without asking questions. When
some rebels" wanted to know the
why's and wherefore Of the execu-
tive branch's actions, they were an
swered with the statement that
even communication of such ex-
plantations in executive sessions
would be damaging to the conduct
of the war and our relations with
the other Allies. The rebels" had
to. let It go at that.
Today the United States has un-
dertaken global economic obliga-
tions and regional political and
commitments greater than
those assumed by the old Roman
empire. Yet the conduct Of these
affairs, which vitality affect every
is in the hands Of people
who either are confused or uncer-
tain over how to handle the ship
of state. in the worlds present in
tempest.
After the brilliant feats of Amer
lean armed forces, We found our.
selves at the end of 1943 in situ-
alton which indicated clearly thai
although we had won the war mill.
tarily we had lost it politically.
Administration leaders realized
full well that after having contrib
uted to the war effort to the tune
OF about 100000 casualties ane
more than $73, 3,0O0, ,o00, 900 in lend.
lease, UNRRA and other help t<
our wartime associates, the Amer.
ican people would react unfavor'
ably to another armament ract
leading to a probable third worle
war.
Decided to Buy Friendship
Because Of a misconceived policy
OF appeasment toward Russia in th'
year following vi day, it became
obvious to most observers in Wash
ington that we would not have peac'
in our time. Not daring to revea
the monumental diplomatic blunder
committed between 1s4l and 1s45
& inistrattR had to find
|s6lnt1cn The solution was to spen'
ssor4 athe taxpayers money tt
buy tsiefidsnips&hd thus stem tn
Soviet drive for world domination
The top officials of the State De
partment decided to counter Mos
cows drive by promising 7larg'
amounts Of goods. money and raw
materials to governments which
would resist communism.
These policy trainers had not pro-
gressed in their mental processe.
since World War I, when commu.
nism first made its appearance in
many parts of-Europe. At that time
it was contended that poverty tend
ed to breed communism and that
nations which suffered privations
adopted most easily the neo-Marzist
doctrines of Lenin and his followers,
American policy trainers and their
advisers-young self-seeking career
diplomats-refused to realize that
Stain had adopted new brand OF
which was In no way
different from Naziism. They also
realized that nations do not "go'
Evening star., 1948-02-29
New Labor Law Not Yet
Proved to Be Good or Evil
First Six Months Fail to Produce Evidence
That Taft.Hartley Means Slavery
or Harmony in Industry
By Jomes Y. Newton

been in full effect now for more than
that union leaders persist in
calling it? Or were predicting the statute would
equze unions and arrangements as to bring real
harm o industrial relations?
with degree Of accuracy what
Evening star., 1948-02-29

(See NEWTON, Page ca
Evening star., 1948-02-29

(See FRANCE, Page C-8.)
The Nome nugget., 1948-12-10
SavOOnga News

Irving Ifkoluk. marriage com missioner, married Jonathan An nogiyuk and Ina Okamealingok on October 24, and Ralph Apatika and Marjorie Waghiyi on Novem- Der IA.
 MT. and Mrs. Christopher Mix lahook are the proud parents of a nine pound girl born November '. Her name is Vicky May.
 Four dead whale have been found near Savoonga, giving the folks here plenty of dog food and fox bait. Everybody is quite en- couraged by the white fox pros poets for this year. The season opened December 1.
 Clarence PungoWiyi was in from his camp on November II and reported that he had killed 115 seal.
 Most of the families who are go- ing to camp for the trapping sea- son have already left.
 Progress on the new Schoolhouse is going forward in good shape. It is hoped that it will be ready to start school the first of next year
The Nome nugget., 1948-12-10
Jury Drawn For
 Fairbanks Murder

FAIRBANKS (PJ-A jury of ten men and two women was namec yesterday to hear the first degree murder trial of two men accused of night club staying
 They are Robert L. Kelley ano Joseph Cox, who were indicted by a grand jury. The victim was Pearse Hicks, Negro carpenter who was mortally wounded Sept 28 at a nearby night spot, the Cot ton Club.
 Asst. U. s. district attorney Everett Hepp asserted in his open ing statement to the jury the gov ernment will prove Kelly and Cox were not only responsible for the mans death from a rifle bullet wound but also placed dynamite outside the Cotton Club with the intention of blowing it up.
 Defense attorney Warren Toy Tor countered with the assertion that the defendants left the Cotton Club several hours before the shooting and were at the Cox homestead when it happened.
 He declared the two men had returned to theoWner earlier iYl the evening a gun which they had in their possession and which he said they borrowed for Q hunting trip. He did not identify the gur as the weapon used in the staying
The Nome nugget., 1948-12-10
REBEKAHS HELD XMAS PARTY WEDNESDAY

The RebekahS held a Christmas party Wednesday evening follow ing their business meeting With Mrs. Luther Dunbar, Mrs. w. Jon ish and Christie Waldhelm on the committee.
 There was a gift exchange a. which all present received q pack age, as well as prizes by the com mittee. Mrs. Conrad Yenney drew first prize, Mrs. A. Nerland the middle prize and Grace EdmOn the low prize.
The Nome nugget., 1948-12-10
B-36, Giant Of The Air, Makes 5000 Miles Nonstop
Continued from Page One)

turned via San Francisco.
 From San Francisco, it did not fly directly to Fort Worht," said Montgomery. Tt flew to the east of Fort Worth and then returned"
 It was Pearl HarbOr day flight that began about am. Dec. 2.
 Built to carry 10000 pounds of bombs 10000 miles, the super bOmbers staggers the imagination of the public and the men who fly it. It's as big as three five-rooW houses and it's 67-foot tail is as night as a four-story building. IL has grOaned into the air at it's full gross weight of 278,O0O pounds. No other plane ever toted such a load.
 It amazing wings stretch 230 feet-almost the length of a foot ball field-and they flap lazily in flight. And the '36 is so long-163 feet, it's creWmen use a little scooter on rails to zip from nose to tail.
 Six pusher engines shove the superbomber along at better than $50 miles per hour.
 Hours before the air force made it's announcement, there were un- confirmed reports of an historic flight.
 But air officers over the nation remained mum. Montgomery, based at Offutt field, Omaha, Neb., made the first announce ment to the Associated Press in Dallas today.
 Montgomery happened to be in Fort WOrht, and after several calls from the (4o) and his own phone check with Washington headquar- ters, he chuckled and said:
 T can't tell you everything, but I'll tell you what I can"
 The flight was not record for distance. In October, l946, a navy Lockheed Neptune patrol bomber flew from Perth, Australia. - O. lumbus, Ohio, II ,236 miles.
 The air forces hope to stretch the '36's bombing range to l2,OOO miles.
The Nome nugget., 1948-12-10
Pete Brandt.

Pete Brandt. Well-known old timer, departed Wednesday for Ohio to visit with three sisters whom he has not seen for thirty years. He plans to return in the spring.
The Nome nugget., 1948-12-10

Allen Lee of Lee Brothers Dredging Co.,, left for Fairbanks to join his family who live there.
Evening star., 1948-09-17

seven bouts and Henry McLemere.
In each case the loser not only was
knocked out, but left the ring on
q stretcher for disqualification.
Under Siamese rules the con-
testants are free to use their fists,
feet, elbows, knees and head In
striking one another. When q man
goes down from punch 1t is Gus
tomary for his foe to dive on him
and drive an elbow or knee or both
into his body. Another favorite
punch is delivered by extending the
elbow and then spinning. When q
heavyweight lands one Of these it
nearly always rings down the cur
tain.
Feet Are Main Danger.
But it Is with their feet that the
Siamese boxers inflict the most
punishment. Their footwork is much
better than that Of their fists.
Trained toNse their feet before they
are their hands. they can leap high
in the air and strike staggering
blows to the mouth, chin, and back
Of the neck. While some Of the
fighters fight barefooted, most Of
them wear shoes over feet and
ankles taped to concrete hardness.
The fighters saw perform cas-
caded blood before the first round
was over. They bled from the
mouth and from deep cuts over
and under the eyes. IT wasn't q
sight for the squeamish, but there
were almost as many women as men
present.
siamese boxing Is always accom-
panied by music, produced by .
band playing weird-looking and
understanding reed instruments.
Evening star., 1948-09-17

when he de- Constsnane DfoHh'
cribed 1t as a policy of stirring up
civil war wherever 1t Is possible to
do 50. Beaten down in one spot,
the monster Of Communist revolu-
ton rears its ugly head somewhere
else.
He said nothing really new, for
it has become evident in recent
weeks that the instructions In
Malaga, Burma, 1ndo China, In
donesia and the Philippines were
all part of q strategic program di-
rected from the Kremlin and put
into effect by Moscow-traned ma
tive Communist leaders. 1t has also
been known for a long, long time
that Russia was In the revolution
melting business to stay and that 1t
was pursuing the traditional mill
tary strategy Of hitting its enemies
wherever they are weakest.
The service Mr.. Bevin performed
was In stating clearly and n-
equivocally the true character OF the
Communist international move
ment, and In doing so at a time
when the world struggle is enter
Ing a new stage of increasing
violence, in which the inherent in
compatibility between the free and
enslaved worlds is being given new
proofs.
Campaign Is Significant.
The Communist campaign In
Southeast Asia has strategic
significance for the future not only
of the great masses Of people who
inhabit the great continent which
lies between the Mediterranean and
the Pacific, but for the whole world
Southeast Asia's Reds must be
regarded as an theological ap-
pendage Of the great Chinese Com
munist movement, which is slowly
but steadily beating down the
regime of Generalissimo Chang
Kai-shek. 1t is designed to
strengthen the attack on the Nam
Evening star., 1948-09-17
THE EVENING STAR washington. D. c. A-9
FRIDAY, SeprEM1tR ". SM.

The music, I was told. was to at
tune the fighters to the proper
spirit. One only has to listen to It's
cat-on-back-fence sound to under
stand how 1t would raise even the
mildest sort Of man to lighting
pitch.
Long Initial Ritual.
The fighters 60 through . long
ritual upon entering the ring. De-
spite the fact that most OF them
appear to be plug-uglies Of the
finest type, they are unbelievably
graceful. and their prebattle dances
are a delight to the eye. Swaying
to the tune Of the music they invoke
the help Of the gods, sometimes for
as long as Is minutes. Occasionally
q fighter who has finished with his
preconflict dance will grow tired Of
watching his opponent continue to
swing and sway, whereupon he will
walk across the ring and give him