davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Durant news., 1948-01-01

Association, stated that he estimated
for the calendar year l945, "that the
gross volume of business income in
the United States, which was not
subject to income tax amounted to
at least $11,571,000." He estimated,
moreover, that for the year 1850, if
there be no change in present law
in respect of cooperatives, the gross
volume will be over $4,000, 100000.
Loss on Tu,ees Estimated
Based upon the present trend OF
expansion, Mr.. Parker estimated that
cooperatives will probably bring
about revenue loss to the treasury
in the next five years of approxima-
tely ,O0O,OO0000. For the purpose
of the estimate of annual net in
come il was assumed that the "volu-
me of business in the hands OF tax
able corporations would amount to
about SO per cent" of the gross fig
ure. AS margin of average net
income, this rate seems conserva-
tive and reasonable.
In constructing his gross volume
of business, Mr.. Parker used the de-
ductive method - proceeding from
the known to the unknown" ele-
ments. The latest information avail
able from statistics of the Bureau OF
Internal Revenue on tax-exempt in
come is for the year 1943. MIR. Park
er took as his starting point the gross
income figure of Farmers Market
ing and Purchasing Cooperative AS
sociations in the United States,
1944-45 marketing season, published
bv the Farm Credit Administration
of the United States Department OF
Agriculture.
Other Reports Considered
This basic figure is $5,645,000,00
But this does not include all farmer
cooperative business income. One
of these items is the gross income OF
consumer cooperatives, which, based
on the figure published by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.
S. Department of Labor for 1945, re-
duced by margin to allow for du-
plications as reported by the Farm
Credit Association, amounts to ST.
152,O0O000. The foregoing items
however, do not include "gross in
come from commission business OF
cooperatives" (from report OF tech
nical staffs of the Joint Committee,
the Treasury and the Bureau of In
ternal Revenue) estimated at 33 per
cent of $685. 100000, amounting to
81 1863 100000 and gross income from
farmers cooperative business at ter
minal market, wholesale and manu-
featuring levels, estimated by Mr.
Parker at $1,411,000,000
The aggregate total of the fore
going mentioned items is $lO'O7l'-
100000. To this is added the gross
business income of organizations en-
Toying complete or practically com
plete" tax exemption, estimated at
not less than $1,50O,000,000 for l945.
This comprehends gross income from
business conducted in competition
with ordinary business, by churches
The Durant news., 1948-01-01

age refunds or dividends are con-
cerned. A partnership as an entity,
does not pay taxes, but the earnings
of the partnership, when distribu-
ted to its members are liable for
Federal income taxes"
While it is true that a partner
ship, not being taxable entity, does
not pay taxes. the partners are re-
quired to pay income taxes on their
distributive shares Of the partner
ship earnings, whether or not such
earnings the paid over to the part.
ners. On this premise, the members
of cooperatives should be taxed up.
on the distributions made to them
however labeled.
The Durant news., 1948-01-01
Business OF Cooperatives Placed In Billions
ByFormer Internal Revenue Tax Expert

No government statistics OF such
figures are as yet available. A care
full and conservative estimate has
been prepared, however, by one who,
by reason of an experience over a
period of more than a decade, en-
Joys a reputation for outstanding re-
liability in connection with the pre-
paration of such estimates.
Lowell H. Parker, formerly chief
of staff of the Congressional Joint
Committee on Internal Revenue Tax
alton, appearing few days ago be-
fore the Ways and Means Commit
tee for the National Tax Equality
The Durant news., 1948-01-01
Treasury Stands To
Lose Over 81 Billion
In Next Five Years
By GODFREY N. NELSON

The mention of volume of business
done by wholly and partly tax-ex-
empt cooperatives generally touches
a sensitive chord in the minds of ad-
vocates of this form of tax exempt
ion. A year ago, when it was here
suggested that cooperative organi-
cations did an annual business OF
$12,O00,000000, some bitter excep-
tions were taken to that statement.
The Durant news., 1948-01-01

The telescope in the astronomy OBJ
servatory at the University of Mis-
sissippi was made in and imported
from Dublin, Ireland.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
Thursday, October 81, 1948
Eureka News
The Border Trail Riders


In appreciative response to Vic
Woltf's invitation. Al members and
guests gathered at his lovely new
nome midway between Fortine and
Eureka for the usual delicious meal
and the usual delightful afternoon.
VIC was unable to instigate a poker
game due to the anthem oment
poverty of the male members of the
club. While the ladies were busy
IN the kitchen Maurice Nyberg re-
called the men, who were living con
tentedly IN the sun on the lawn,
with the tale of his hunting ex-
pedltlon. Frank Sabin exerted his
influence and got reluctent o. K
to cast line upon the waters of
the fish pond. (He claims he caught
one and threw it back.)
President Baney, BLACK in the
saddle" again and able to be lead
ing the lying and Dragging, pre-
sided over the business meeting in
his usual drol manner. A motion
was made and carried that that the
books be closed to membership un-
til the spring of next year. Mr..
and Mrs. Vic Wolff, Mr.. and Mrs.
Marshall James and Sonny Stacy
were the last new members to be
accepted and welcomed to the club
for this fall and winter. The next
ride is to be to Wilfred Johnson's
SO Ranch on October "a. There
was some talk of changing the name
of the club to the Automobile AS
sOciation.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
American Legion
Auxiliary Meets

The American Legion Auxiliary
met Monday night at the hall. The
District President. Ms. Johnson of
Roman, was at the meeting. While
in Eureka, Mrs. johnson was the
house guest of Mrs. Paul Morrison.
Mrs. Johnson gave a very interest
ing report on the National Girls
State. The Auxiliary held Girls
State in Montana last summer for
the first time Our two girls that
went to the nations capitol def
nitely put Montana on the map.
They registered in Western outfits,
this gesture bringing lot of pub
licity to Montana, as they handed
each girl from all states in the I'm
ion folders containing items of in
terest about our State They also
gave a football with a buffalo made
of copper, the football being a pin.
Many of the girls expressed the
wish that their state would have
done something like that so that
each might exchange ideas. Lois
johnson attended the Girls state
in Billings last summer and we
hope different organizations in the
community will sponsor one girl so
that more from Eureka can 60 next
year.
Reports on conventions and dis
trict meetings we're given. Plans
were made for a mulligan supper
Saturday, November 9th. The multi
gan supper is an annual affair The
members hope to make this years
mulligan bigger and better than
ever before.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
Tobacco VaIIey Grange News

The Tobacco Valley Grange met
in regular session. Tuesday, Oct
IL. with Master Anderson presiding.
The Home Ec. Com gave a re-
port about the Fair dance lunch
and also the Hamburger Stand A
hand was given for the fine work.
1t was voted to change our by
laws to conform with the State
Grange and hereafter election of
officers viii be the 1st meeting in
October and installation will be the
second meeting.
The following officers were cleo
ted for the ensuing year: Master.
Zelmar Moses; OVerseer, Orval
West; Lecturer, Nell West; Steward,
Lynn Purdy Assistant Steward.
Fred Alverson; Chaplain Mabel
Peltier; Gate Keeper, Jack Stev-
ems: Secretary, Henry Lenarz; Treas
urer. Alfred Peltier; Ceres, Ruby
Stevens; Pomona. Albina Johnson.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21

the home Of their son, Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Pluid at Bonners Ferry and
the home OF Mr. Phid's brother. Mr.
and Mrs Glen Pluid at Elk, Wash.
Mrs Jim Broderick returned home
Friday from Spokane where she had
spent the past few days on bust
ness.
Mrs Homer Garrison was a
Whitcfish visitor Monday She was
accompanied by Mrs LeWno
CONTINUED on Page 3
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21

is spending several days visiting
friends in Eureka
Mr. and Mrs Z. B French re-
turned home after spending three
DAYS 10 KalispeH on business
Ere IN Of the Montana state
ral college 40 Dillon have
elected as Their class president
Dgare 'tsra. son O Nr and Mrs
El-a Nyah of Eureka
Mr. and Mrs Percy Plud c-
u4taa3 lass week from a visit 10
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
Mobile X-Ray Unit
In Eureka

The Mobile X-rav Unit visited
Eureka last week 1t was located
at the West entrance to the High
School A large number Of Eureka
folks took advantage of this tuber-
culosis test. It will be well for all
to remember the purchase Of T. 2.
Stamps at Christmas time as that
donation helps to sponsor these free
tests.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
Gard of Thanks

We wish to thank the neighbors
and friends who helped us so gen
erously in the hour of our sorrow.
Mrs Annie Gilbertson
Mrs. L. Lemons
Melvin GiIbertson
Arthur Gilbertson
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
Demands Unreasonable

These employees have had substantial raises
during and since the war. Their average week
~ earnings are higher than the average weekly
earnings of workers in manufacturing lndus-
tries. They have more job security than the
average worker in American industry. They
also enjoy paid vacations, retirement sys-
tor, and other advantages more generous
tban the average worker receives.
II contrast with the demands Of these l6
unions. which add up to the equivalent OF 4Sc an
hour. the Conductors and Trainmen recently
settled their wage request for an increase Of lOc
an hour.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21

Flora, Violet Fuller; Lady Assls-
tant Steward. Carol Nyberg; EA-
ecutive committeeman. Fred fAhoei
son.
II was voted to discontinue pay
ing the dues for Service Men. g.
A committee was appointed ~
draw up a resolution pertaining 70
signals at the railroad crossings
1t was reported that Fred hn'''
had been sick.
The table was attractively dec
GRATED in Halloween motif for lIle
birthday members. those members
who had birthdays in July, August
and September a lunch OF frue'
salad. crackers, cider. cake and COZ
fee was enjoyed by everyone WheH
the honored members were seated
the rest of the members gathered
around the table and drank toast
to birthday happiness. Then a NJ
tie music box tinkled out the
trains of Happy Birthday to You;
Don't forget to attend the install
lation of Officers next meeting, OCT.
26th,
The Home &c. girls gave din
ner in honor of the L. c. H. ;,
factulay. school board members and
their wives Friday evening. OctoDe
Is. After the dinner a musical pro
oram was enjoyed and the pictur
The Story Of Copper was Sho'
Mrs. Clyde Voorhees, returned 2A
Thursday from Spokane where she
spent the past few days.
Bill Gwynn and Arthur Purdy
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
MAKE NO MISTAKE ON
NOVEMBER SECOND

RAILROADS MUST OPERATE around the clock
every day and night of the year.
Although they know this leaders of 16 rail
road unions are demanding five-day, Mon
day through Friday, week for one million
railroad employees.
They want 4s hours pay for 40 hours work
in itself 2096 wage increase.
They also demand minimum of II hours
pay for any work performed on Saturdays
and Is hours pay for any work performed on
Sundays and holidays.
On top of all this they want an additional
increase of Csc an hour for every emplOye!
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
You'd Pay the Bill!

Summing up these demands, they mean that
these union leaders seek to force the railroads
to give one million employees an annual raise
Which OouLd aUerage $500 per employed
The total cost of this would be no less than
~ billion dollars per year, which is more
than twice the expected net income of the
railroads this year.
You'd pay the bill, because if these in
creased costs are forced on the railroads.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
Railroads Run for Every BOT,
Not EmOlOVes Alone

The railroad industry must rye moi one i'ut
many groups producers, businessmen. ship
pers. passengers and the general plblic-
night and day, every day of the year. These
unions are proceeding in utter disregard OF
this important difference between railroads
and other industries. Industrial plants cs,n be
shut down over weekends and holidays, but
freight, mail, express and passengers must
continue to move. Everybody lChO enters rail
road employment knOws this.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
Strike Threat

On September Is, 194S the headers of these
is unions began taking strike vote. But the
threat of strike t0u not alter the opposition Of
the railroads to such unreasonable demands!
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1948-10-21
|h Billion Dollar Road Block |

thew must have still further rate and fare
increases
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-03
Pegler Says Campaign OF Union Bosses
To Beat Congressman Who Voted For
Taft-Hartlev Labor Law Has Failed

es of the workers unions should
be untouched by law.
The reform has been a long
time gathering and a number of
nimble opportunists in journa-
ism and politics have jumped
into the spotlight in the last two
years claiming to be discoveries
Of faults in unlonlsm and sWeetly
demanding correction. But they
all either hid in the bushes or
openly ran with the raCketeers
and with Roosevelt until the PEI
sistent dogged crusade which l
began when it took detern2ina:icn
energy and professional skill to
collect the evidence Of crime had
prepared public opinion for re-
form. These were Roosevelt
racketeers, remember. and It
was plasanter to join Roosevelt
than to fight him.
My campaign was going in the
days when Haywood Broun was
lending his amiable but secretly
brutal personality to the Com
munists in the newspaper guild
as front for their prosecutions
of respectable reporters and copy
readers 1t was not popular
cause then nor a comfortable
role because broun was a mas
ter of modest and Winsome her
olcs whereas l refused to i'm
plicate my personality in t h
fight, | waged it entirely on the
facts. All of the points that |
made then have been proved
since, including the fact that
Broun, who knew that he was
going to be fired from the World
Telegram, repeatedly conspired
with his communist accomplices
to strike the world-telegram, will
ing to lnfllct great hardship on
the staff, who got pikers pay
compared to his. The longer
he could keep them off their Jobs
and off the payrolls, the greater
his prestige would be when he
went to his next job on the even
ing post, since for every thousand
of circulation lost by the World
Telegram the post might gain a
hundred. Thus Broun would
create value for himself in his
new job at the expense of his
colleagues in the old shop. No
man should have the power to
exploit his fellowmen that way,
least of all under a humane pre-
text.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-03
An Historical Mistake Can Never
Be Corrected; Sokolsky Says World
More Confused Now Than Ever Before

hostilities an era of peace would
be SO deeply desired by those ma
tons that had fought the war in
unity that the inevitable differ
ences of opinion could be resolve
ed without serious difficulty"
So instead of the combatants,
the allies, the United Nations,
whatever you want to call ther2,
dealing with Germany at peace
conference. the subject was rel
egated to four foreign ministers,
those of the United States, Great
Britain, Soviet Russia and
France. At the first full meeting
at Potsdam, after the organiza-
ton of the Council Of Foreign
Ministers, Molotov drew a red
herring across the discussion by
raising the issue of Greece. So
that started fight that got no.
where. Then they rowed over
freedom of the press, over how
to hold elections and such topics.
Meanwhile, the British held an
election and achieved a change
of government in midstream.
Churchill was replaced by Att
lee; Eden by Bevin. This compli-
Gated the situation no end as
both Attlee and Bevin were as
new as Truman and Byrnes.
What field day Stain, Molotov
and Vlshinsky had with such ne
gotiators on the other side of the
table,
This is what happened con-
corning the German bo.ndries:
THE President asked how the
PREPARATIONS issue could ever be
settled If part of the German ter
rltory is gone before we reach
agreement on what PREPARATIONS
should be-
Stain remarked that every.
thing the President said was ir-
relevant since no frontiers had
been ceded at the Crimea Con-
ference except for the provisions
that Poland would receive terri
tory
Practically. the Eastern bound
airy of Germany was already
made closed issue unilaterally
by Russia before the meeting at
Potsdam. Then came the ques-
ton of German PREPARATIONS.
Byrnes says of it:
There was, first OF all, the
figure of twenty billion dollars,
with one-half, or ten billion dol
lars, to 60 to the Soviet Union.
Mr.. Maisky had advanced this
figure at Yalta and President
Roosevelt had accepted it as a
basis for discussion in the Re-
parations Commission -. At
Potsdam, both Generalissimo
Stain and Mr.. Molotov kept
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-03
SOkOLSkY
BY GEORGE e. SOKOLSKY

An historical mistake can new
er be corrected. 1t establishes
status from which one starts
anew. Thus each war does not
correct the errors that produced
the war; it only establishes a
new basis. sometimes worse for
mankind than the one it sup
plants. Certainly the world was
not as confused in August, 1889,
to say nothing of June, 1914, as
it is today.
At Teheran, Yalta, and Pots
dam, the United States, Great
Britain and Soviet Russia enter
ed upon series of settlements
which have led to failure. No
principles of international just
ice guided Roosevelt, Churchill
or Stain. They bargained and
Stain was the best trader of the
three. He made deals which gave
him Europe and Asia from the
E'be to the Pacific. He out-trad-
ed Roosevelt on every PROPOSE
ton.
The present Berlin crisis was
born at Potsdam, where the
United States was represented
by Harry Truman. Instead of
dealing with the issue there, the
United States agreed to a plan
whereby a Council of Foreign
Ministers would be organized
and matters referred to it. Right
there is the essential error which
has produced all the troubles at
Berlin-because nothing was
really settled at Potsdam. I
quote James F. Byrnes as my
witness:
Ben Cohen and l prepared
the plan for the creation of the
Council of Foreign Ministers.
When presented it to President
Truman for his consideration,
we suspected what later we
found to be true: the Soviet Un-
ion did not wish to act promptly
on German treaty :. :"
:. The Foreign Ministers,
shortly thereafter, would take
up the German treaty, agree on
fundamental problems such as
frontiers and local governn/ hts,
and then appoint differen, de-
puties to begin drafting a Ger
man settlement. The peace trea-
ties based on these general
agreements would then be pre-
sented to all the United Nations
for their consideration and
amendment. :"
Byrnes himself says of this un-
workable plan:
ut was good theory. But it
was faulty in one assumption.
had assumed that at the end of
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-03
TUCKER

Each SUNDAY TINS veteran
Washington newspaper cores
pondent devotes his column to
answering readers questions OF
general interest about national
and international policies and
personalities. Questions may be
sent direct to Ray Tucker, 63o8
Hillcrest Place, Chevy Chase,
Maryland
BY RAY TUCKER
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2-R. +.
H. of Sturgis, Mich, wonders
whether Allied statesmen anti
cipate any concrete or construc-
tive results from their reference
of the Berlin dispute to the Unit
ed Nations Security Council.
He thinks that it may be re-
garded as a sign of weakness"
on our part.
Answer: The most which they
expect, according to my inform
ants in State, is world wide and
favorable publicity for our side.
In the front-yard laundering of
Russia's dirty-red, diplomatic Ii
men, they hope to convince neu-
trails and disinterested peoples,
perhaps some prisoners behind
the iron curtain" that we seek
peace, whereas Moscow prefers
turmoil, privations and the mis-
cries on which Communism
thrives.
No real settlement can be OBJ
tanned within the U.N., of
course, because Russia will ex-
ercise it's power of veto over
any proposed decision hostile or
unfavorable to the Soviet.
l think it would have been
wiser to ship the question to the
General Assembly although this
body has no power, an anti-Rus-
STA vote of forty-eight to ten. or
Whereabouts would have had
real pro-Ally effect upon world
opinion.
PHYSIOLOGY Our spokes
men, however, will not achieve
even a propaganda victory if
they do not learn to write and
speak the same sort of sharp,
simple and striking language
which you read in your daily
newspapers.
Unless they can do better than
they did in their most recent
3,000-word note, with its involved
and. distorted sentences, its two
dollar words and use of techni
cal phraseology. they might as
well stay in bed.
1t is unfortunate for us that
we do not have such masters of
English as Winston Churchill or
even Franklin D. Roosevelt on
the international stage of diplo
macy these days.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-10-03
PEGLER

COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY KING
FEATURES SYNDICATE, 1NC)
Washington, Sept. 30-It is a
foregone conclusion that the cam
paign of the union racketeers to
beat those members of the Eight
ieth Congress who voted for the
Taft-Hartley law has failed. 1t
is too plain to the voters, in
GLIDING the rank and file work
ers, that this law only wounded
the pride of the union bosses.
Although they are monstroslty
in a republic of free citizens
still they have suffered no real
impairment of their outrageous
powers. That fact was demon
strated when they We're still able
to threaten with defeat all the
elected. representatives of the
people who have challenged their
power and to promise openly that
they would tap the treasures of
their unions to corrupt the cleo
ton. The workers who provided
the money under compulsion
were not consulted.
Nevertheless, even those citi-
zens who hopefully approved the
Taft-Hartley Act as a confused
but honest effort to reform a
terrible condition will admit that
it is not a good law yeti is
badly jumbled and therefore east
ly frustrated. the more easily
when its enforcement is entrust
ed to government whose presi-
dent calls it a slave-labor law
and openly invites the union
bosses to flout it and his depart
ment of justice to ignore it.
Some conscientious Americans
regret that the majority of the
union bosses, ruling almost all
of the vast herd of $4,000, 900
faceless subjects, have remained
stupid, selfish and unyielding. I
have no such feeling because
their brutality, dishonesty and
greed have served the good pur-
pose of dramatizing terrible de-
fects in our laws on unionism.
The defects still exist under the
Taft-Hartley law, 1t is unthink-
able that in a republic whose
laws place reasonable or some
times even unreasonable re =
straints on the conduct of all
other classes of society the boss