davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01
Livestock Sale Dates

Havre: North Montana Sheep Breeders asso-
citation annual ram sale. Sept. 25. 1913.
White Sulphur Springs: Meagher County Here
ford association purebred bull sale, Oct. 1.
Lewistown: Ben G.. Peterson annual Here
ford female and bull sale. Oct. 2.
Great Falls: North Montana Hereford as
ISOLATION annual fall sale. Oct. z.
Sidney: Montana Purebred Livestock associa-
ton sale. Oct. 9.
Dillon: Montana Hereford Futurtty. Oct.
Lewistown: N Bar ranch annual Aberdeen
Angus feeder sale, Oct. IL.
Sheridan, Wyo.: John e Rice. annual Poned
Hereford sale. at the ranch. Oct. IL.
Sheridan, Wyo.: Wyoming-Montans Po3ied
Hereford sale. Oct. 10.
Malta: Northeastern Montana Hereford Breed
ers show and sale. Oct. 1914.
Giendive: Montana Purebred Livestock Asso-
citation sale. Oct. Is.
Great Falls: Archie Parkes Hereford sale. ~
the ranch. Vaughn. Oct. 10
Twin Bridges: Art Bayers annual fail Hereford
sale, at the ranch. Oct. Is.
Deer Lodge: Warren Hereford Ranch annual
sale. at the ranch. Oct. 10.
Glasgow: Glasgow Purebred Livestock se-
ISOLATION sale, Oct. 10.
Missoula: Dick Rossignol first annual Pored
Hereford sale, at the ranch, Lolo, Oct. 20.
Miles City: 1913 Tri-State Hereford Futurity
sale and show. Oct 1926
Billings: Second annual all-breed calf sale
Billings Public stockyards. Oct. 20.
Hsvre: Annual Bear Paw Hereford Association
sale. Oct. $3.50
Billings: North Rocky Mountain Aberdeen
Angus annual fall sale. Oct. 80.
Worland, Wyo.: Big Horn Basin Hereford
Breeders association third annual show and
sale Oct. 31-Nov. 1.
Lewistown: Central Montana Hereford 80
ISOLATION fall sale. Nov. 6.
Bozeman: Montana Shorthorn Breeders ss-
ISOLATION annual fall sale, Nov. 4.
Kalispell: North Western Montana Hereford
Association annual sale. Nov. 4
Butte: Western Montana annual Hereford sale,
Nov. 1918.
Miles City: Eastern Montana Hereford as-
ISOLATION sale. Nov 16.
Casper, wyo.: Wyoming Hereford associations
third annual sale. Nov. 21-22.
Miles City: A. L. Farley, Armells Hereford
ranch, Forsyth. annual sale of range bulls
Nov. %.
billings: Third annual ar1-breeds yard bull
sale, Billings Public stockyards, Dec. 6. 7, 9.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01

In each of these seasons, most of
the decline took place by February.
Possible Feeding Programs
In view of the increased risks,
what are likely to be the safer feed
ing programs?
Fairly fleshy 2-year-olds bought
m early fall, given a 60 to 90-day
feed and sold while a stiff premium
still prevails for high finish are
likely to pay out well. Yearling
heifers and heavy yearling steers
probably can be handled in about
the same way, but will take a little
more time on feed.
Feeder prices may decline in late
fall after most feedlots are filled,
and permit purchases on a safer ba-
sis. Obviously, this will only be true
if the bulk of the cattle have al
ready moved into feedlots at higher
prices.
Low grade feeders bought in late
fall and finished for the spring mar
ket when butcher stock" is scarce
are likely 70 be more profitable
September ], l948-27
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01
26 to % Cents Paid
for Calves, Steers

PRICES ON CONTRACT sales of
calves and steers reported during the
latter part of August ranged from
26 to % cents a pound. The top price
of 70 cents a pound was paid for a
lot of 1000 2~-year-old steers in the
Chester area for October delivery
and 1000 Hereford yearling steers
in the Great Falls area, also for Oc-
tober delivery.
Other sales include: Browning
area-60 cows at IL cents and so
calves at 24k cents, October deliv-
cry: Great Falls area-100 mixed
Hereford calves, fall delivery, no
shrink, 26 cents; Whitlash area-100
Hereford yearlings, fall delivery, rs
cents; Chester area-160 mixed
Angus calves, fall delivery, 27 cents,
and Chester area-50 mixed Angus
calves, fall delivery, 81 cents.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01

Cattle feeding margins per head in
the last two years have been much
wider than during the war years or
the pre-war average.
gether, finishers probably will be
forced to continue to bid very high
prices to obtain the number of feeder
cattle they will want.
Corn TO Loan Levels
Cash corn prices at central mar
kets are still dominated by old crop
scarcity, but in view of the extraor-
binary new crop which promises to
be nearly SO percent larger than last
year and the reduced level of live
stock numbers, prices probably will
be down below the government loan
value when the new crop becomes
available in volume.
Present indications are that the
U. S. average loan rate will be about
$1.45 a bushel. During the past year,
the farm price of corn averaged
about 1920. Prices for other grains,
protein supplements and hay also
are likely to be lower than in the
past season, but declines will be
much less than for corn. The de-
crease in total feed cost, where corn
is the chief concentrate used, is
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01

ease, ana DldcKIog is no exception.
Vaccination of a calf under 4
months will give only a short time
protection, probably two Oh three
months. Vaccination in May or
June does no harm; it will protect
against summer loss from blackleg,
probably up until shipping time, but
it cannot be depended on for fall and
winter protection. 1t isn't a question
of the brand of the vaccine, whether
we use the Jones Company or the
Smith Company vaccine, or whether
we vaccinate in the dark of the
moon. 1t is entirely a question of
the age and maturity of the calf.
Wholesale blackleg losses of
spring-vaccinated calves have oc-
CURED the following winter, espe-
cially if the calves have been moved
from range land where very little
blackleg infection existed, to feed
lots or farm pastures where the
blackleg infection is shot" If calves
are vaccinated in June, they should
be r~e-vaccinated in October OF No
vember, and then they are safe.
Always vaccinate
Feeder calves, bought to run for
a year and to be sold as y~earlings,
ought to be vaccinated. Maybe the
grower vaccinated, maybe he didn't.
Maybe he vaccinated in June. One
calf will pay for all the vaccine for
10 years. Re-vaccination does no
harm, the labor and vaccine cost is
small, and it isn't worth while to
take a chance. The correct dose of
the vaccine is stated on the label on
the vaccine bottle. If the dose is S
&C. that's what it means We have
repeatedly seen stockmen squeeze
out vaccine for IL calves out of a 10
dose bottle, by shading the dose just
a little on each calf. In most cases
they get by, but it isn't safe practice.
If the calf jumps at the prick of
the needle, and some of the vaccine
is lost, give a liberal half-dose in
addition. If there is any question,
give the calf a full dose. If vacci-
mated and unvaccinated calves gel
mixed, so that no knows which
are vaccinated or unvaccinated, run
the whole bunch through the chute
again and re-vaccinate. We might
guess right and save 10 doses OF
vaccine, or we might guess wrong
and lose a couple of 500 calves.
There shouldn't be a single case OF
blackleg in Montana this winter, but
1T is a safe bet that there will be
100 or more. In these days wher
only millionaires can buy a steak, il
seems like a scandalous waste Of
good meat, to say nothing of the eff.
feet on the owners pocketbook.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01
Cattle Feeders Prospects
Finishers Face Increased Hdzdrds in 1o48~4o
By GILBERT GUSLER, Market Analyst

by the quarantine. Canada has just
removed her embargo on shipments
of cattle and calves to the United
States, but this probably will not
add as much as 100,0 900 head to the
supply of feeders this fall. Alto
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01

likely to be only about equal to the
increase in cost of feeders at present
prices.
Currently, a 700-pound feeder at
Kansas City will cost about $196,
Assuming an average farm price of
$1.30 a bushel for new corn and SIG
a ton for loose alfalfa hay, the total
cost of the feeder plus so bushels
of corn and one ton of hay would
be about $3.50. Using the loan value,
which many finishers will consider
as the real cost of corn, will bring
the total to $287.50. Good fat steers
at Chicago in mid-August were
bringing about $36 a hundredweight,
so that the 1,050-pound steer would
fetch about 1858. This would make
a very attractive margin over cost.
In the past IL months, however,
prices for good steers at Chicago
averaged only $50. They varied from
SGT last March to the present 500
level. Since larger feed crops mean
more fat cattle, prices are likely to
average somewhat lower than in the
past season, even if buy
ing power continues near current
levels.
If good steers at Chicago drop to
ar average of $50 or less, the spread
between the cost of feeder and feed
and the amount realized from the
fat steer will shrink back toward
prewar size. If consume demand is
not maintained, the spread may dis
appear entirely for a time.
Fall Prices Highest
Prices for finished cattle tend to be
highest in September and October.
They usually decline about 10 per-
cent from September to the follow
ing May. The decline generally has
been more drastic in seasons when a
large crop followed a small one as in
1887, 1885, 1881 and 1925. Short sup
plies of fat cattle because of the
small orn crop in the previous year
pushed prices to relatively high
levels in the summer or early fall in
each of these cases. The extent of
ensuing decline was most severe in
1887, when the increasing supply
conceded with a sharply declining
trend in employment and buying
power.
The following table shows the
general average price of slaughter
steers at Chicago in September and
in the following May in previous
seasons when the corn supply
changed from shortage to plenitude:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01

In a herd where mastitis is not
present, the greatest single danger
comes when mature animals are
added to the herd.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01

lSdSCo Us LII lttC 19tO-t0 std
SON. Feed costs will be much lower
than in the past year, but feeder
cattle are much higher. The total
cost of making a fat steer, if feeders
are bought, is likely to average
nearly as high as in the past season.
With feed more abundant, the
number of finished cattle marketed
is likely to be larger than in the past
season. Prices for fat cattle are
likely to average lower, if consumer
incomes are maintained. They will
be substantially lower if a deflation-
airy trend should start.
Finishers' profit margins will be
much smaller than in the past season
when they were unusually wide
most of the time. They may aver
age as large as in prewar years, how
ever. They are likely to vary widely
during the season. They probably
will be quite attractive on the early
fed crop, but a bad spot or two prob
ably will occur during the season
when finishers will do well to break
even.
Chart Shows Trends
The accompanying chart presents
a rough measure of the trend of cat
tie feeders spreads or margins per
head. The figures charted are the
spreads from month to month be-
tween the combined cost of a feeder
steer and feed and the sale value
of a fat steer. 1t wa assumed that
the feeder steer was purchased at
Kansas City, that it was fed so BUSH
els of corn and a ton of alfalfa hay
for a six-months' period and sold as
a 1,050-pound good fat steer at Chi
cago. Corn and hay were valued at
U. S. average farm prices.
In making the calculations, no ac-
count was taken of freight or mar
keting costs on the feeder or the
fat steer, labor, interest, veterinary
fees, wear and tear on facilities,
death losses or other costs. Also, no
allowance was made for revenue
from hogs following the cattle and
value of the manure produced.
Cattle feeding operations vary
widely as to kind and source of feed
er cattle, feeds used, length of feed
ing period and kind of finished ami
NAL produced. Hence, the figures
charted indicate only in a general
way the trend of feeding profits from
period to period.
Range Producers Advantage
In the summer and fall of 1947,
the average price of feeder steers at
Kansas City was about $21 a hum
dredweight. Currently, the average
price is about $28, making the cost of
a 700-pound feeder nearly $50
greater than last season. This puts
the range producer in clover, but
leaves the finisher on a precarious
spot.
The season is still quite young and
feeder costs may decline. Many fin
ishers are operating cautiously, con-
scious of the increased risks this
year. However, the huge corr crop
with livestock numbers the lowest in
10 years make almost inevitable
some increase in demand for feeder
cattle. Large feeding profits in the
last two seasons also will encourage
buying.
Cattle numbers are about 8 per.
cent less than three years ago. Texas
Wyoming and the far southwest are
l~xr I,,4 Sro,p4 o1,oJ,+i1n~ n ro1,DL
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-09-01

In each of these seasons, most of
the decline took place by February.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17
SULPHA USED ON LEPERS

NEW YORK (UP)-Dr. R. C. Williams. assistant surgeon gener- al of the United States and chief of the bureau of medical services said here that sulpha drugs had been used with some success in the treatment of leprosy. Speak ing at a meeting of the American Mission of LeperS. the physician said beneficial results had been noted in the use of the drugs over a period of five years. He said leprosy cases in the United States were estimated at from 1900 to 5000
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17
Seward Gateway 43 YEARS AGO
 (Friday February 10, 19O5)
BANK BEGINS BUSINESS Opens on Last Monday Morning
 Is We'll Equipped and it's
 President is Satisfied

Last Monday morning, at the
 usual hour, the Bank of Seward
 opened it's doors for the first
 time and immediately. began to 1 transac business. l w. A. McNeiley was the first to make deposit. Brown and Hawkins had the first check cashed H. JJ. Wilson purchased the first draft and the first certif-
 icate of deposit was issued to John C. Kivett. As it is now, in it's temporary
 quarters. the bank is equipped with a number 5 manganese steel
 safe, perfectly fire and burglar proof which weighs two tons.
 There are two time locks, either
 of which will carry the mechan- ism.
 The office furniture is very handsome and quite expensive.
 MT. Hale's desk is an extra large
 roll top and is probably as fine
 if not finer than any yet brought
 to Alaska.
 Among the other necessities
 for first class institution of the
 kind is a Staats money changer
 and Beebe indelible check pro-
 tectOr.
 President Hale states that he is well satisfied with the amount of
 business he is handling at pres ent. and is confident that the fu- ture will fully come up to his ex- pectations.
 Elsewhere will be seen list of the first doings in the Bank of- Seward when it opened for bus mess One incident happened that is not recorded in the mention of first deposits, checks, etc. The Gateway man was the first to be
 refused credit. He tapped w. A.
 McNeiley in the bank for the loan of 100 rocks with which to
 open an account. Mac answered with a stony stare and gave the i G-M the marble heart.
 Brains: What yo ulook for in girl after you have looked at ev-
 erything else.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17
By ROBERT CLURMAN United Press Staff Correspondent


 United Press Staff Correspondent
 RANKING (UP)-Details of an attempted assassination ana coup d'etat in Tibet, one of the rare revolts against the exalted power of the Delai Lama, hay" come to light here It was described by Tsipon Shakabpa, head of the Ti- betan trade mission now visiting Nanking
 Vague rumors of the rebellion appeared in the Chinese press last spring but concrete details have remained locked in the Him. alayan fastneSs of the earth's most inaccessible region. This is the story as told by Siakabpa:
 One morning last May small cover arrived at the POtala. fapu- louS palace at LhaSa of the l4- year old Della Lama. It was ad dressed to the regent, Takdag Rim, who will rule Tibet until the Dalai Lama comes of age.
 Takdag Rim, however, did not open the box himself He gave it to one of his retinue. As the serv- ant slid back the cover a make shift grenade exploded, seriously injurng him.
 Plotters Rounded Up
 A confession obtained from q member of the conspiracy ena- bled Takdag Rim to round up be- tween 40 and 50 priests involved in the plot Leader of the revolt was monk named Rheting, a ''malcontent" according to Shak abpa. The monk, he said, had stirred up opposition to Takdag 5 regency in the hope of supplant- ing him as ruler of Tibet during the Dalai Lama'S boyhood.
 Shortly after Rheting's arrest Shakabpa said he died of heart failure' Two other leaders of the conspiracy were sentenced to life imprisonment; the rest were giv- en jail terms of varying length.
 The plot against the regent did not include designs on the life of the Delai Lama, whose sacred person is inviolate. The 14-year- old temporal and spiritual leader of the worlds only theocracy is the son of an obscure Tibetan farmer. He was chosen by the
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17
PLOT AGAINST RULE OF DELLA LAMA, EXALTED HEAD |0F TIBET REVEALED

, high priests or IlDet to rule ms country in 1887 after oracles had singled him out from Tibet's A. O0O,OOO inhabitants as the Delai Lama.
 Search Begins
 The Tibetans practice a form of Buddhism known as Lamarsn in which reincarnation plays a major role. Thus, when the 18th Dalai Lama died in 1883 the search for his reincarnated spirit began. IL would be found, accord ing to tradition, in the body ot a child born at the exact moment of the Delai Lama'S deah.
 The state oracle at LhaSa and the oracle at Sam-yc were con- suited. Priests were dispatched to gaze into the sacred lake at Namsto to seek for porten: of the identity and whereabouts of the l4th Delai Lama. On the bas- is of the oracular announcements and an image which appeared in the lake the long search began
 It led through the green valleys and icy mountain passes of the ancient land, ending finally at the tiny village of Amdo in the northeast corner of Tibet, two months mule journey from Lhasa There, in the person on four year-old child the fourth son of a peasant named Taf5ter. the De- lai Lama was found
 Put Through Tests
 put through the tests to establish his identity. He was handed two cups, one of which he had often used during his "previo,1s exist ence", and asked to choose be- tween them.
 He was asked to .naNe similar choice between pictures. articles of clothing and even persons known to him in his former life, questions were out 10 test his familiarity with details and incl. dents of his last reign on earth. When the high priests were at last satisfied that the true Dalai Lama had at last been found, the child and his entire family were ted back to Lhasa in Worshipful procession. The boy was installed ] in the huge and magnificent Po- tala, where the high priests now minister to his needs and oversee his education. His peasant father mother ana three brothers were given a palace and large estate with liberal income.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17

It was decided that the class would meet every first Friday at the Kirkpatrick home.
 David Gray
 Reporter
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17
All CAMP COOKERY CLASS HELD

A meeting of the All Camp Cookery Class was called by Jim Kirkpatrick. leader of the class at which the following officers were elected for the ensuing year David Dyer, President; Bob- by Davis, Vice President: Peter Wagner, Secretary-TreaSure Dav- i'd Gray, Reporter.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17

Last day for filing for city office is March 27. or days. ac- cording to ordinance. before the City Election.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17

Brains: What yo ulook for in girl after you have looked at ev- erything else.
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17

A beauty salon ran large add in on of the local papers which read in part: We have special services for wideawake en.in- Cluoing permanent waves, hair shaping, manicureS, facial mass ages. etc. What, no cream packs?
The Seward polaris & Kenai Peninsula-Aleutian chain news., 1948-03-17

The United States produced 39,- 5000 bushels of flaxseed in 19- AT.
The guardian., 1948-03-20

Apex Beauty Products are manufacsl
tured with the utmost care TO give you
the ultimate in performance every time
you use them. A free booklet by |
Madame Sara S. Washington deserib-
ing Apex Cosmetics will be sent to you
on request. These superIatiVe prepara.
tions are on sale everywhere in Drug
Stores and at Apex Beauty Salons.
The guardian., 1948-03-20
PeII Nell Club
Gives Concert

The Pell Nell Club came near
to bursting out the sides of st.
Mark Congregational Church,
last Sunday, at their Concert
and Reception.
These twenty-four young ladies
have a reputation for starting on
time. Consequently, the audi
torium of the Church was well
filled before the start Of the ex-
cellent program and standing
room was at a premium by 4
o'clock.
For the concert they offered
Gloria Clarke, soprano, John
Murray, violin, Herman CAN'T,
basso, and Buckner Candy, pi-
ano. It is seldom that such a
group of stars can be assembled,
and the audience demonstrated
its appreciation. The accompan-
lists were: Russell Stevenson,
TranaS Long, Constance Pond.
Rev. Samuel Leroy Laviscount
delivered most interesting dis
cuSsion of the topic ''What Is the
Weekday Education Program?"
M S. Margaret o'Banyoun
Marsh is President of the PelI
Mells, Mrs. Hazel w. Brothers,
Vice President, Mrs. Lucy Cor
dice, Recording Secretary, Mrs.
Dorothy Wilson, Cor Sec'y, Mrs.
Geneva Main, Treasurer. The
The guardian., 1948-03-20

building materials and labor
seems to be the drawback OF as
suring any semblance that a ma
tionwide building program canbe
announced within the next FIVE
years, which will be a long time.
"UMT", Universal Military
Training is another important
explosive issue on the Legion
agenda, which Is getting nowhere
in. Congress. Discrimination OF
draftees may be one of the fac
tors holding this legislation from
debate. There isn't any question
that new system for future Selec-
tive service must be pulled from
the congressional hat. The Post
executive committee has organ
lied and sent its first report
which was read at the last meet
ing The O'Neil letter of protest.
one of the recommendations. will
come up for action at the next
meeting. Comrades Jackson and
Waters were given standing votes
of thanks for donations of chairs
and a table to the new post home.
The Copley Plaza hotel man
agement sent a letter to the post
offering It's facilities for any fu-
ture planned entertainment. A
testimonial banquet is in the
making at that exquisite Back
Bay spot.
Past Commander Banks was
spotted as a head-liner in the
General Court recently. He is a
member of one of the key COM
mitteeS OF the House Of Represen-
tatives and Joined in a debate to
kill a bill that had dynamite In
its provisions.
Pass the word along to read the
GUARDIAN for news of Legion
naires.
The guardian., 1948-03-20

other members are: Mesdamea
Barbara Atkins, Cora C. Brewer,
Evelyn Chase, Wendella H. Car
rington, F. Elizabeth Groce, Ag-
mes R. Howard, Lydia o. Jack
son, Mae Jarvis, Elizabeth John
son, Miss Gladys Jordan, Mes
danes Estelle Maxwell, Louise o.
Miller, Addie Rivers, Monthrose
Ruff, Marion Skinner, Brownie
Lee Smith, Odessa F. Smith, Ele-
amor o. Stewart, Muriel o. Walk
er, Miss Gladys Jordan.
The Chairman, Mrs. Marsh,
and her committee are still re-
ceiving congratulations on the
outstanding event.