davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-10-01

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Columbia, South Dakota
Montana farmer-stockman., 1948-10-01
Montana Historical Sketches
Nez Perez War
By ANNA NICKOL

Stantly increasing NUMBERS OF
whites who had come into western
territories.
Most of the Montana tribes had
been subdued, less by battle than
by recognition of the hopelessness
of resistance, before Custer made his
last bloody stand against Dakota
Indians, in Montana territory. But
during the years when the Crows
were being cursed for a determined
resistance to the opening of the
Bozeman Trail through their coded
land, and Baker was conducting his
unethical and inefficient campaigns
against Blackfeet and Sioux, Indians
all through the territories were
restless, and the west coast tribes
had offered battle several times.
War Crimes Trials
A series of war crimes trials
known, too, in the 10Th century,
were conducted for chiefs of several
Washington tribes: Yakimas, Pa
louise and Spokanes. These leaders
were hanged in the presence of their
collective people, who were ordered
by the military government to be
present. Other prominent chiefs
were held as hostages for the salts
factory behavior of the tribes, while
their homes were opened to settle
ment by whites.
Some of these Indians, especially
those in Idaho and eastern Wash
ington, had reached a sufficient de-
gree of civilization to resent being
moved from place to place as their
land took on greater value.
Nez Perces Move
The Nez Perces, a west of the
mountains group who had been,
with the Selfish, first to receive Fa-
Their DeSmet's message, were among
those disaffected semi-savages.
Crowded closer and closer, with the
fate of other tribes threatening them
if they resisted, they at last began
a long march in search of different
homes. At first their direction
seemed uncertain, for a mountain
tribe, accustomed even to winter
crossings of the Rockies, a direct
route should have been possible.
Still, they lacked supplies and am
munition, and for these they traded
with settlers in the Bitter Root
valley.
1t is significant that the tribe
marched through the Bitter Root
without attempting harm to either
settlers or property, though hasty
military preparations were made to
resist them. They avoided a fort
thrown up to stop them, and trav-
eled into the Big Hole basin, where
they were met by General Howard
and his infantry.
Finish What Whites Started
Even faced by an army, they of
fered no resistance until they were
fired upon; then they won the brie
skirmish which cost the life of on,
of Montana's most readable his
t~orians, Lieutenant James Bradley
From their battle-ground the Indian
marched on in a s~outheasterly direc
ton, into Yellowstone park, wher
they attacked a vacationing party
then turned north to Canada, wit
Howard at their heels but unable t
. catch up.
Evening star., 1948-11-27

position is diametrically opposed, and their
actions since the veto of the october Is
resolution strongly suggest that the dead
lock is worse than ever Although the
effort must continue as long as peaceful
settlement seems at all possible, mediation
thus has terribly hard nut to crack
here, and II it fails, the cold war is likely
to become dangerously hot.
That is good reason, however, why
AMG officials and everybody else should
be on guard against. yielding to premature
despair over what the U. N. "neutrals" are
trying to do. Unless and until it is con-
clusively demonstrated that they can get
nowhere with Russia, they should receive
the fullest cooperation. To offer them
less would be to invite the building up
of situation that could conceivably lead
to a military explosion.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Wanted: A SupersuIesmon

III the Communists can peddle the bill Of
goods they are now trying to palm off on
American labor they ought to be able to
sell cracked ice to the Eskimos.
Their product Is being advertised In
the editorial columns of the Daily Worker,
house organ of the Communist Party.
Briefly, 1t is a fabrication which runs
along these lines: Philip Murray, Walter
Reuther, James Carey and Supreme Court
Justice Douglas either have secretly allied
themselves with, or have become dupes Of
Big Business, Wall Street, the trusts, ETC.
The aim OF this conspiracy, whiting or
otherwise, Is to betray the American
workman by persuading him to support the
Marshall Plan. The worker is told by his
Communist protectors that he is to be
given choice between patriotism and
wage increases, and that Philip MURRAY
will see to it that the employers are armed
with this club to beat down the Just de-
mands of the working man.
This Is pretty tall tale, especially in
view OF the announcement that the CIO
will press for fourth round of wage in
creases. Hitler believed, and our American
Communists evidently share the belief,
that big lie. repeated often enough, will
come to be believed. Maybe so, but one is
entitled to the expectation that the Com
munists are going to have. a hard time
putting this one across. If there are
any unemployed supersalesmen floating
around, they might try their luck at the
New York offices of the Daily Worker.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
A Wurninq SiqnoI

If it is not significant it is at least inter-
esting that the District Commissioners
have found it desirable to tighten up on
the regulations governing the activities OF
some 100 special police in the Nations
Capital
These special police are authorized to
carry arms while on duty. They serve as
guards for stores, District public buildings,
armored cars, utility plants, etc. Hereto
fore they have been commissioned for
periods of three years. Last June, how
ever, one of them got in scrape when
he accosted couple in parked car, this
incident resulting in decision to COM
mission them after January for one-year
periods. "a messenger in the office of
Commissioner J. Russell Young has been
serving as a special policeman in street
dance hall = His commission has been sus-
pended as a result of the shooting of a
young woman Wednesday nightD
It does not follow from these two Incl
dents that the special police, as a group,
are irresponsible. The Commissioners have
acted wisely, however, in deciding to short
en- the licensing period and to make study
of the individual qualifications of the spe-
cial police before the new one-year COM
missions are issued. They will be well ad
vised to exercise as much or more care if
they are going forward with the dubious
plan to set up volunteer civilian police
reserve in Washington.
Although Police Chief Barrett indicates
that no final decision has been made. the
expectation is that some provision will be
made for arming the members of this re-
serve corps. If this is SO. the experience
with the special police should serve as
warning signal
The people Of Washington stin have not
been told precisely why 1t Is that this vol
unteer reserve is being created, nor have
they been informed as to just what its
functions will be. Apparently these men
are to be furnished the usual equipment
revolyers, night sticks, handouts, etc. Not
knowing what the purpose of these ominous
preparations may be, The Star continues to
regard the project with grave misgiving
and to hope that the Commissioners are
not biting off something that they will
have to chew with regret later on.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Can Ii Be Mediuted?

Our delegation to the United Nations
has taken pains to reafirm that the United
States still favors continuation of the
Security Councils efforts to put an end
10 the crisis breeding Berlin blockade.
This has been done to Offset the impress
sion caused by reports suggesting that the
American Military Government in Ger
many regards further U. N. mediation as
doomed to failure.
Left standing by themselves, the reports,
quoting an authoritative but unnamed
AMG official, might have had the effect
Of persuading the six neutral" members
of the Security Council to drop the whole
issue on the ground that the United States
had prejudged their labors as too futile to
merit support. Accordingly our delega-
tons special statement on the subject is
timely and to the point What it does is
to make clear that American policy
remains favorable to mediation and is
anxious to help the U. N. break the
present grave impasse.
Thus in the statements words, although
the Soviet Unions increasingly obstruc-
zionist moves in Berlin are making it
more difficult than ever for the "neutrals"
to find solution, the United States, along
with France and Britain, continues
pledged" to cooperate with the mediators
and ready to carry out loyalty" the
Security Councils resolution of october Is.
That resolution-a compromise proposal
called for three steps: % The immediate
lifting of Russia's blockade 90 a stimuli
taneous move convening the Big Four
military governors to work out an agree
ment giving the city Soviet currency under
quadripartite control: and 90 confer
ence of the French, British, American and
Russian Foreign Ministers to deal with
Germany as a whole. When brought up
for vote, this plan won the prompt
backing of the three Western Powers, but
the Kremlin-through Andrei Vishinsky-
fatty vetoed it. thus making clear its con-
tinuing determination to adhere to policy
of force and bad faith calculated to make
the West negotiate under duress.
Considering the import of that veto,
considering also that the Soviet Union has
since been resorting to measures designed
to increase hardship in Berlin and tighten
its grip on Eastern Germany, it is not
surprising that high AMG official is
reported to feel that u N mediation is
bound to fail. Nevertheless it is a good
thing that our delegation in Paris has
issued reassurances that the United States
Government, unlike that official, has not
yet abandoned the hope that the Security
Councils "neutrals" will succeed in their
efforts and that it is as one with Britain
and France in wanting to work out fair
-
That said, however, it must be added
that the Anglo French American posi-
ton is still insistent that the blockade
must first be lifted before real negotiations
can beginh AS for the Russians, their
Evening star., 1948-11-27
The Charm of Ignorance

On1cial sources in London have come
forward with the engaging statistic that
per cent of the British people think
the United States is still part of the
empire-a mere colony just as in the days
of George III. Who these individuals are.
where they live or how they have gone
through life without ever hearing about
1776, Is not explained. One can onlv
assume that they are as real-and as in
explicable-as that tiny band of Americans
who always turn up in the public -opinion
polls declaring that our President is man
named Mckinley or that something eouallv
impossible Is true.
In a way, it must be wonderful to belong
to such minority People who think the
United States is still British possession
must be people for whom the world stands
still and never changes. Events cannot
disturb them. The flow of history leaves
them unmoved. Knowing little or nothing
about the past, present or future, they are
unaffected by the terrors the rest Of us
feel when we think of things like the rise
and fall of nations, the march of tyranny
wars or the rumors of wars, the explosion
of the atom, and all the other actual and
potential sings and arrows of outrageous
fortune that so beset and befuddle the vast
bulk of informed mankind.
Somehow Tor other, magically, these
people have managed to learn virtually
nothing about everything And who will
say they are to be pitied or deplored? Who
can be certain. actually, that they ought
not to be envied? Their ignorance is
fabulous, to be sure, but it has the virtue,
probably, of filling them with that bliss,
that peace of mind. that so many of the
more knowing among us yearn for and
never find. Finally, there isA this to be
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Sees End of Landlords


To the Editor of The Star:
don't know which amused me more, Mr.
Kolb's denunciation Of rent control or The
Stars pussyfoot denial that landlords are being
prosecuted out of existence.
Why not face the facts Of life-both of you?
Landlords have just lost an election. If you
don't believe that watch and see what hap
pens to them in the next four years. If you
believe that all Communists backed wallace
in the election. you are sadly mistaken
1t is perfectly true that all costs have
doubled or tripled while rents remain virtually
the same. 1t is perfectly true that landlords
can't continue to operate. So what? Who
needs landlords? All real estate Is destined
to become the property of the Federal Govern
ment 1t is ridiculous for any man to even be
so presuming as to want to own home of his
own.
In the next few years, we will witness the
end of all landlords. We want Mr.. Kolb to
know this, so he can get out of the landlord
business in time. We want The Star to know
that newspapers should not be privately owned
either All this freedom Of the press" you
holler about simply means that you let your
advertisers tell you what to print, rather than
have the Government tell you. In case you
haven't the nerve to print this letter, We are
sending q copy to Mr.. Kolb direct.
Potomac, Md. Alison W1MMEL.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Opera by TeIevision

1t will be momentous experiment in
the entertainment field which television
will undertake next Monday night If the
initial attempt to televise a full-length
opera "in the flesh" is as successful as
the Metropolitan Opera Association and
the American Broadcasting Company hope
significant milestone will have been
reached not only for television but for
opera. For permanent wedding of the
two would give reality to the dream of
opera for the millions, rather than for
chosen few.
This will be severe test for the
cameramen and other technicians assigned
to the taSk-more severe by far than their
previously successful televising of parts
OF opera under studio conditions or of
concerts by symphony orchestras. The
opera chosen for the first trial is of
nature to increase the technical difficulties.
For Otello has scenes in which the lights
are dimmed, yet television cameras ordi-
narily require brilliant lighting To solve
the lighting problem the stage will be
bathed in infrared light-invsible to those
in the golden horseshoe" but visible to the
"eyes" of the specially prepared cameras
Thus, the traditional lighting effects of
Otello will be preserved for those in the
opera house Whether the effects will be
distorted for televiewers remains to be
seen. The overcoming of another diff
Guilty could cause complications. In a move
to eliminate the whirring sound of blowers
regularly used to cool the cameras, the
cooling apparatus will be shut off. Over
heating of the tubes conceivably could
cause at least momentary Interruptions
of the program
Nevertheless. the possibilities of televised
opera are SO great that the public will
applaud the decision of Metropolitan off,
cialS, the ABC and the Texas Company,
commercial sponsor of the undertaking, to
give the plan trial. Television fans may
rest assured that all concerned with the
project will do all in their power to over
come the admitted obstacles. And tele-
viewers generally will share the hope that
the test will prove to be at least reason
ably successful. They know that the future
of televised opera will depend in large
measure on the way that Otello unfolds on
the television screens in thousands of
homes next Monday night.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Against Republican Liberals

To the Editor Of The Star: -,.s
If these so-called liberals in the Republican
Party change 1t over into a little New Deal,
then what are we Republicans going to do
when voting time comes again? Several million
Republicans stayed at home this past election
because they weren't interested; maybe be-
cause Dewey was just another New Dealer.
Other millions voted for Dewey only because
there was nobody else to vote for. If the lib
erals change the party to suit themselves, We
will all probably stay at home next time, be-
cause there will be nothing more to hope for
in the Republican Party.
Just whom do these great liberals think they
are going to WOO into their new party anyway
by changing 1t into little New Deal? 1t would
seem that most of those who like the New Deal
will vote for their own party naturally; and
certainly millions Of Republican votes would
be lost In the change.
If we had had a real Republican candidate in
the past election-like Taft, for instance
think the Republicans would have won easily;
that is, If they had done some work too.
Cleveland, Ohio. M. B. Nc.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
For q Safer Airport

II the slope line" system of lighting air
port approaches Is as desirable as the Civil
Aeronautics Administration believes, 1t
should be installed at the National Airport,
even though work has just been completed
there on a costly conventional lighting
arrangement. For the system now in use
lacks some of the unique safety advantages
of the slope line" setup, just approved by
the Air Navigation Committee of the Num-
tions Board.
The 100000 lighted approach laid down
at the National Airport probably is the best
of its kind in existence It will make the
main north-south runway more easily
visible at night or in times of poor visibility
than ever before. But the "slope line" sys-
tenn provides pilots not only with lighted
pathway but with novel system of visual
signs by which to gauge both direction and
altitude.
The conventional lighting project was
begun before official approval by the CAA
of the "slope line" plan devised by two
local air safety experts the late Arthur w.
Sweet, CAA engineer, and H. J. C. Pearson,
now with the CAA in Indianapolis, Indiana
Mr.. Sweet conceived the idea of a series of
lights on slanting standards, so arranged
that they appear to be in one continuous
line when a pilot approaches from the
right direction and at the right height. If
the approach is from an off-course angle,
the lights are broken up into a series of
short lines. somewhat like a herringbone.
They take on a similarly broken appear
ance when the approach is too high or too
low for safe landing Thus, even though
radio communication from the tower
should be interrupted, the pilot is guided
unerringly to his goal.
The CAA says that the Sweet system
will be installed at Boston. Philadelphia,
Chicago, Nashville, Houston, st. Louis,
San Francisco. Seattle and several other
badly congested airports. Later it will
be placed elsewhere. But no plans have
been announced for adopting the slope
line" approach here. If the new safety
plan is good for other large cities, however,
it is good for Washington, too. Those
familiar with the subject say it would be
valuable supplement to the present
lights. The National Airport should not
be permitted to lag behind other airports
in adopting safety measures recommended
by such competent agencies as the Air
Navigation Committee and the CAA..
Evening star., 1948-11-27

said for them: Their innocence of events
endows them with the charm of being too
dumb to be dangerous. Perhaps, If every
body were like them, there would be much
less reason for humanity to be scared stiff
of itself and its podern, superbrilliant
world .'
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Q. What is meant by the checkor system'-
Herituqe

None ,oakes to life but bears the stain
OF some ones sorro,o, some ones pain,
None comes of age but ,oears his years
By grace OF lost, forgotten tears.
But sorrous whereby mothers toept ~.
And cares and burdens fathers kept 70
Are the heritage tnborn, tngroton, oE
Sealed into flesh and bred in bone -.
And the shelf By ,Dhich a man may dim
And blunt the bloDs that tall to him.
ETHEL BARNETT DE WTo1
Evening star., 1948-11-27
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

@. What American cities contribute to the
support of their symphony orchestras?-
E. M. v.
A. Contributions, in one form or another.
to the support of their symphony orchestras
are made by the cities of San Francisco,
indianapolis, Buffalo, Los Angeles, Denver,
Kansas City, Mo-, Baltimore, Houston and
New Orleans.
@. What is the source Of the quotation on
the Arlington Amphitheater, When we as
sumed the soldier we did not lay aside the
citizen"?-A. O. P.
A, These were the words of George Washing
ton uttered to reassure the New York Provin-
cial Congress in ITS that he and his army
would act only to secure and preserve the
liberties Of the people.
@. What was the fate of Gavrilo Prinzip.
whose assassination of Archduke Francis OF
Austria precipitated the First World War;
c. O. L.
A. Gavrilo Prinzip was sentenced to a term
Of 20 years in an Austrian prison because he
was only 1s years old and too young, under
Austrian law, for the death sentence. He died
in a fortress near Prague on May 2, 1918.
@. What is meant by the checkoh system?-
L. McC.
A. Under the checkoff system the employer.
by agreement with the union, agrees to deduce
dues and assessments for the union from the
workers pay checks and turn the funds over
to the union Some agreements establish an
automatic checkoff, while others require check
of only for those employees who authorize
the employer to make the deductions. 10
O Did a Speaker of the House Of Repre-
senta tiyes ever become President?-R. T. E.
A James Knox Polk was the only President
vho had been Speaker Of the House Of Repre-.
sentatives. pt
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
1oriter, although 1t is permissible for
a apriter kno,Dn to The Star to use
a nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Community Chest and Logic

Community Chest and Logic
To the Editor OF The Star:
I am not a worker for the Community Chest
but one of its friends who deeply regrets its
failure each year to reach the goal set for it.
Is the Capital City really unable to offer the
necessary amount of care for the poor?
At present there IS talk of raising $l5o000
for an inaugural ball and. of course, Christmas
viii mean lavish spending as usual
One fails to see any logic in the situation.
QUERY.
Evening star., 1948-11-27
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question cf
fact by writing The Washington Star Information
bureau. 316 I street NE. Washington ., q. {.
Please inclose 3 cents for return postage
Evening star., 1948-11-27
An Arlinaton for Civilians


TO the Editor of The Star:
In Arlington Cemetery we have national
shrine, q Westminster, for our soldier dead.
But we have no comparable place for the re-
mains of our distinguished civilians, Tor our
Presidents and other statesmen OF the nrst
rank and their wives, or for as many OF the
foremost men and women of our land, past
present and to come, as it might be practicable
to bring together in a suitable City OF Sleep
Should we not have such a national place
And call It Westminster Cemetery? And should
it not be in or near the District OF Columbian
ask this as one who is SO lacking IN ois-
tinction as to leave no suspicion that ne is
looking for . place to lay him down and rest
awhile. REV. SAMUEL G. SPALD1NG.
Great Darlington, lass.
Evening star., 1948-11-27

To the Editor OF The Star:
1t is a real pleasure to pick up the paper and
read an editorial such as yours of November %
on the bishops statement concerning secularism
and religious education. Right acting and
morality can only be brought about by right
thinking Let The Star set the people on the
path of right thinking, and right acting will
follow. FRANCES o. FREUND.
Evening star., 1948-11-27

No completely equipped household will
be without a set of plastic, unbreakable
dishes that woman can rattle vigorously
in pan, to register displeasure.
Evening star., 1948-11-27

elephants in India are to be had at
this time for as little as $50 head" And
what price the COPS?