davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07
REFERENDUMS
81 and 81
(From the Havre Daily News

To refresh the mcmoric, oi all i'll
tcrestcd persons. the higher education
funds drive i, 4 campaign 10 secure re-
enactment of the University millaec
tax due 10 expire ii 1850. IN increase
81 up To sis mills ior support Of the
,iN units Of the university system is
sought through passage II Reieren-
dunn 81.
At the same time a favorable vote on
Referendum = which concerns 4 S.
100000 building bond issue Tor all uni
v~crsity units is sought. The state must
ask the people Tor and not take by force
special levics, The more the people
know about these rciercndum> the less
the opposition will be; ,hats 4 ssr
tainty,
To make the picture clearer Refer
cndum 81 does not call Tor an increase
oi six mills There is nov in effect a
SI4 mill levy. Referendum 81 permits
the legislature TO lcvy up 70 six mills
il other words. The duly elected govern
ing body Of tie state will Set the millage
for each hicnniun.
The rcfcrcndum> have already been
endorsed by leading farm. labor, husi-
ness. professional, civic and educa-
tional organizations in Montana.
Two good reasons Why these refer
cndums arc on the ballot II this time
are:
j Referendum 81 is more effective
nov because the university units need
the greater tau support ii the very near
! future. 10 wait until 1850 would solve
few problems
;. University unit, need ncW build
ines and Improvements because q
greatly increased curollmcni~ Il Rci.
crcndum = (, approved The state l'nard
81 llducatiun Will decide when and
where the money Will be allocaicd
Our Young people arc entitled . ih'
best education that Montana Tan aiiuro
to give them. To-day the average Mon.
ianan has the ability 10 pay an increase
lcyy ii Rcfcrcndums i ard = Ia
the alternatives are not pleasant Pas
sage al the referendum, Is a must il ~
are to do RIGHT iy Montana Young mel
and women
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07
MONTANA ELECTION
RACE IMPORTANT

One of the most important cleo
ton contests in the nation this
year will take place in Montana.
1t will be between Tom J. Davis
and James (. Murray for the sena-
torial seat NOW held rs Mr. MURRAY
Mr.. Davis. the Republican, na'HiHes
has an excellent record rs 4 lawyer ansl
civic leader. His services as special
counsel have been sought by both labor
and business organizations. Mr Davis
may be expected to apply the rule O
reason and 70 take his stand upon all
issues as a result 81 independent think
ing.
Mr.. Davis Is internationally known
foi his service as president u Rotary
international in loll f. lie II i lay
leader 81 the church and lis range u
public activities include leadership il
the Northwest Society OF Crippled Clll.
drcn. the NMCA and the Salvation
Army. in addition 10 ntnlcroii, ciNi,
activities in Butte.
Viewed either from The standpoint
OF what ought 10 be or what i likclA
| to be. Mr.. Davis is in an excellent posi-
ton. 70 become Il senator from Montana
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07
Tells Delegates
No Labor Votes
MusfBeW Wasted
CHiCACO.-Ripping into the
wretched record of the 80th Con
gress in a two-fisted attack against
its failures in labor, initiation and
housing legislation. AFL President

William Green called upon the State
and lo.si branches Of the American
lclcratipn lah.f. 20 rouse their
u,n her,hrp m 4 campaign . elect a
higher ape % laNaakeF to the mex
81 80 .u.dress before the convention Of
the lHrn9is state Federation Of Labor.
Nr irecH emphasized that the MEL
Wu.f depeni upon the cooperation of
al 4, members. the state declarations
ani Tie fs eu'ril bodies ior the
rea.sation 81 labor's political goals.
"lhc votes that sill elect the next
President aud the next Congress Mr..
,Teeu ,aii, are right here n your
aWt hl7iN < and in the election dis
ttisf, ~ the other ! states. &c. them
out Mlbc crtain no labor votes are
wasted.
Nr hreen urged labor in Illinois
particularly ~ defeat Senator C.. Way
land l'fsYb- and II elect Paul Douglas
as hl> Successor.
~llciorc leaving Washington he
said. 4 took the trouble OF looking up
senator Brooks voting record in Con
grcs,. a. complied BY L.abor's League
Tor Political Education Out OF T. test
votes he scored only two favorable ones.
That mean, that instead Of hitting on
all SIX cylinders. senator Rrooks has
been limping along on one. Worst OF
all, Senator Brooks has gone down the
line consistently against labor on all
anillahor bills, including the notorious
lat Hartley Net"
oi Douglas. Mr.. Green said his
election would he a s@loriou, victory
tot dcccn,s and good government"
Rc,umiug his Indictment OF the S0tl,
congress, Whigh he has assailed with
itfNog and regularity iii addresses he
Continued on Page Four
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07
ACTION VS.. APATHY
By MRS. HERMAN H. LOWE, Pres
American Federation OF Wonen's
Aluxlliaries of Labor

Tins s The hour 'of II wenten
everywhere 10 become coastnai q t1ef
responsibility 4, citizen. n exchange
APATHY for ACTION ieaflcs,ix ~
,"lenanneel The acts 81 tn sui Itt4eres
which opposed the publ Hifffsi tal
IL elect public Official, who Wll ~
member they are Representatives al flie
people. Ii Is We. the home makers q
america who suffer iron bal housing.
high prices. neglected = Houl and low
minimum wages. It is Our problem
Only OUR government can remedy The
existing lncquitics. 1t is DlR duty
rsn,nent.
Congress Will not alter is yoirs,
because Wc arc dissatisfied OF angrA
about its actions. Our power lie.
in getting enough ballots cast in th'
Nov. , election 70 speik wloreiflN ier Us
The S0tll Congress FAILED thu
Women Of America We lfe II fh'
throcs Of imitation tangress I'D moth
inc about IL NE ncrl adequate low
cost housing. What lid Congress il
about il. The answer prices 81 home
havc doubled and 'rll,1 The hope .
millions oi veterans 50 obtain home
| va. tossed aside Ilie ~out-mode'l 40
minimcui wage was lett intact as
| monument to tilc Atliindc Of the SOL
Congress REGARDING nllsirlal delln'
racy. Lack ii action ~ old age ani
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07
ILLNESS is CHIEF CAUSE
OF EXISTING ABSENTEEISM

WASHINGTON-Illncss and oii-thc.
Job accidents accounted for thrcc-fifth,
OF the al,>entceism reported Tor manu-
featuring workers il 1917 according
10 the Monthly Labor Review, ~oiiicia
publication ii the Bureau d Labor
Statistics. Department d Labor
These findings were ha>el upon +.
survey oi abscnteeism in 24o manuiac
turing plants, conducted iointlA BY TIL
Bureau d Labor Statistics. the So IA
Security administration and the Unite,
State Public Health Service
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07
Cascade County
Trades and
Labor Assembly

Meeting oi oct. |. l94S. Meeting was
called 10 order a, $ p. III. by John
ltyanko. Jr. John Dli,ak was elected
president pro TEN Roll call oi officer,
showed President Stcinmct1 and Vice
President Stewart absent. Vice Prcsi-
dent Stewart arrived late.
The minutes OF the previous meeting
were read and approved.
Communications:
From the retail clerks that their
membership had voted AIS TO oS by Sc
crct ballot to strike after rejecting the
wage proposal submitted by the Great
Falls employers council. On motion
action ii the retail clerks was con-
Cured in.
From the Montana Progressive party
that Wallace viii he on the air over
kNl.F at $50 p. m. on Monday. Oct.
!. II, Is and 18th. Filed.
The following bill was allowed and
ordered paid
Unemployment Compensation COM
mission. S2.44.
Committee Reports:
Jane, +. Murray further reported on
the retail clerks controversy and i was
pointed out that an attempt is beng
made to cvadc the Retail Clerks union
in all matters concerning wages and
working conditions Of retail clerks.
Roll Call and Reports of Delegates:
John Dusak reported that the Butch
crs contract expired today and that
they are continuing their negotiations
ior an increase in wages.
CLYDE Troutman reported further on
the Palm Gardens dispute and that Mr..
Bent may attempt to get a settlement
soon.
Good and Welfare:
William Davcy reported that only
about $500 has been contributed to pay
the 5000 bill incurred to put OF the
convention Of the Montana State Fed
Grafton OF Labor.
William l)avcy reported on the meet
ing OF the Cascade County Legislative
committee and that progress had beer
made.
The committee will meet again OF
oct. Is in the Legion hall at s p. M.
William Davey reported that the vot
ing record OF Domkc in the state lcgis
lature was not at all good Tor labor o.
the farmer.
The Union Label league has a nev
line OF Union Label ties AT Sl.5o an'
81 apiece. The ties Will be available
at the assembly meeting on Oct. $.
Adjournment at $50 p. m.
JOHN ENANKO. Jr.,
Secretary.
We Do Not Patronize List:
Dixie Stove Co., Stukcnschncider
Barber Shop. Endicott Johnson, kansa
Milling CO., Sun Maid Raisins. Genera
Foods. Anderson Frames. Dixie MAJ
est. Johns. Dicks Jersey Dairy, Day
export Candy Co, Midland Cannin
CO., Time and Life Magazines, Ton
NJ. CHM Tony NJ. CHM and Co
Andrew Jereens Products, Forest Pro-
ucts Co.. Paris Carriers and Glass Ic
Belts, T%rcasurcbclt Cleaners, Pail
Gardens.
PAINTS - Acme White Lead c.
John Lucas Co, Lowe Bros.
BEAUTY SHOPS-Mary Long, 25-
4th Ave. So; Edna Nolde, II 10Th 5
So; Katie Bartcll. 1917 2nd Ave. So
Edna Bartell. l427 End Ave. No.
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07

An economy that relies for
its stimulation on waste and
disaster is taking the road
to oblivion as surely as the
dinosaurs, those creatures
that were all bulk and no
brains Stuart Chase.
Montana labor news., 1948-10-07

1T is the business of the
old party politician to get
campaign contributions from
the rich and votes from the
poor on the ground that he
will protect one from the
other."-Oscar Ameringer.
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27

open up tightly packed earth be-
low the plow furrows. Neither wa
ter nor air can penetrate such COM
pacted soil. Crop roots cannot do
their job of carrying nutrients to
the plant growth factory" above
ground. But when deep-rooted
legumes are grown frequently in
the rotation. tilth and soil structure
are improved. The land becomes
loose and easy to work. Channels
for air and water and. passageways
for the roots of following crops are
made.
= Deep-rooted legunIes are eff
q. cient feeders on the soils avail
able phosphorus and potash. They
can forage for these plant foods
when other crops will fail. The
legumes gather these nutrients into
their taproots. When plowed under,
these roots put all-important min
eralized organic matter down where
it should be. readily available for
the roots of other crops following
in the rotation.
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
Clever Crooks Gerry On
Counterfeiting in Prison

In 1899 in Philadelphia, clever
pair of crooks, Arthur Taylor and
Baldwin Bredell, were convicted
of counterfeiting U. S. 500 bills
and then sent to Moyamensing
prison to await sentence, says
Golfers. Within several months,
the men had counterfeited and
gotten in circulation 80 excellent
$40 notes, having made them at
night in their cell with a few
smuggled-in materials and tools
which did not include a camera
but did include a printing press
no larger than a cigar box.
Upon confessing later, the con-
victs re-enacted their feat before
a group of experts who had sworn
it was impossible without cam
era and an eight-ton press in a
sizable workroom.
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27

rs per cent time in handling them.
Kenneth is 18 and lives at Sparks,
Md.
The first project TOR many All
boys is raising a calf. That calf
and seven years All work in dairy
ing has produced for Dewey G.. Har-
wood Jr., 10, of New London, N. c.,
a herd of 38 fine Guernsey cattle.
He's now leading other boys and
girls as president of the state All
council.
Safety is favored project in the
All clubs. Many an accident has
been avoided by some safety-con-
scious club member removing haz-
ards. Roger Kaufman, 10, of Del
mont, S. D., during the past year
personally checked 100 farms as
the basis for a countrywide report
demonstrating the most common
fire and accident hazards.
Four-H boys demonstrate better
methods of growing crops. Last
year in their projects club men,
bers grew about 100000 acres of
corn, nearly 100000 acres of home
vegetable gardens, $4,000 acres of
cotton and similar acreage of many
other crops.
Aid Food Program.
Four-H club girls last year canned
more than $4,000. 900 quarts of food.
Moreno Dupy. 18. of Red Rock,
Okla, in eight years of club work
canned 4,565 jars of vegetables,
meats and fruit. Last year she
raised all the vegetables she canned
in her two-acre garden.
Nearly 100000 girls find the
All clothing projects useful and
interesting. In them they de-
velOp skills in making, remodel
ing and mending garments.
They also learn how to buy suit
able materials, how to adapt
designs, how to care for their
wardrobe, how to make and use
a clothing budget.
Jewell Ellis, 10, of Gravel Switch,
KY, in nine years of club work has
designed, made or made over 348
garments for herself and family.
Jane Conzemius, 10, of Cannon
Falls, Mimi, Alter for ten years,
has 1853 garments to her credit. She
also has made 60 household articles
and has served a club of younger
girls as clothing project leader.
Gardening Is Popular.
Each year haf-million or more
All boys and girls take over the
home garden as their All project.
They learn how to plan a garden
to produce the vegetables needed
for a well-balanced diet for their
family. what varieties are best
adapted to their localities, how to
fertilize and cultivate. how to COM
bat diseases and insect pests, and,
often, how to prepare any surplus
vegetables for selling.
Geneva Smith, II, Of Patmos,
Ark, In her six years Of All work
has supplied the family of II with
an ample supply of fresh and canned
vegetables and had some left over
for sale. Harold Rupert Jr.. 18. of
Pueblo, Colo, in his eight years OF
club work has raised 13 acres of
garden.
Food preparation attracts Al
members Of all ages, girls and
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
Soil Fumigant Stops
Work of Nematodes

In its war on soil pests, scientific
research has forged a fatal new
weapon against nematodes. the eel.
like worms whose burrowing activi-
ties cause nearly two million acres
of farmland in the South to lay
idle every year This weapon is a
soil fumigant known as DID. whose
chief component is dichloropro-
pane and it's use allows repeated
paintings year after year of many
crops which now are rotated.
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
Heavy Crops Drain
Soil of Plant Food
Mineral Supply Needed
To Restore Fertility

Heavy wartime groupings drained
twice as much nitrogen from Illinois
soils as was put back by fertilizer
applications or legume crops, de-
clares o. L. Whalin, University OF
Illinois. What was true in Illinois
was true of farm soils in numerous
other Midwestern states.
Approximately $500, 900 tons Of MI
trogen were removed from the soil
in harvested crops in the 1942-46
period, Whalin points out. But only
about $500, 900 tons Of nitrogen were
returned to the land. This replace
ment included nitrogen in fertilizer
applications, plus 60 per cent Of the
nitrogen in legumes harvested and
in sweet clover turned under.
The supply of other mineral ele-
ments was seriously depleted.
Whalin estimates that only about
half of the phosphorus taken from
the soil was replaced. Less than one
thirtieth as much potash was added
through commercial fertilizers as
was removed by harvested crops.
''This heavy drain on the soils
mineral supply" says Whalin, ''has
reached the point where crop yields
on many soils definitely depend on
the amount of minerals applied. Ma
nure, inoculated legumes, phosphate
and potash are required, will main
tain and even increase yields on
most soils"
Carrying out such a program, he
adds, calls for use of lime on much
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
: = : HYfS9g@Eg ({f$H2@}

When washing windows during
the winter put a small quantity
of ammonia or vinegar into the
water. This helps to keep the
water from freezing on the glass.
When laundering lace collars,
sew the collars on white muslin.
This will help keep them in shape.
Protect your rubbers from oil
and soil. Oil causes blistering,
and soil will cause rubber articles
to chip and crack and lose their
resilient strength. Clean well after
using.
Fix a towel rack on the back
of baby's high chair, on which you
can keep such handy items as a
damp wash cloth, a bib and a
towel.
Keep acid foods, such as toma-
toes, lemons and vinegar off the
porcelain enamel of a range or
refrigerator. They cause stains
that won't come off.
Keep on hand: Percolator tops,
electric fuses, an assortment OF
corks, waxed paper, paper nap
kins, a box of tacks, an extra can
opener, extra light bulbs, a ball
of twine, bicycle tape.
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
Spider Must Be Cautious
To Stuy Free of Its Net

A spider doesn't stick to it's web
for several reasons. First, the
spider treads only on the strands
of the web which are not sticky.
Second, it never lets it's body
touch the web. Third, the spider
secrets a liquid which oils up the
claws and prevents them from
sticking to the silk.
Despite all this, however, acci-
dents will happen-sometimes q
spider does get caught in its own
web.
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27

N1QO WCCh, 1H al Ill w - AAAoS . NAA~
week they have set aside to launch
another year of farm, home and
community improvement projects
and demonstrations. They'll ask
neighboring boys and girls to join
in and help them carry out their
"make the best better motto.
The 4-Hs, standing for the
pledge of Head, Heart, Hands
and Health for their clubs, their
community and their country,
set in a fOur-leaf clover, has
grown to be respected symbol
of the 100000 former All
club members, their leaders
and friends.
The All club program is unique
in that it is entirely voluntary, edu-
cational and locally run. Each club
under guidance of a local volun-
tary leader elects its own officers,
holds it's own meetings and plans it's
own ''learn by doing" and COM
munity improvement projects.
Expert Guidance.
Responsibility for helping the
clubs organize and operate as well
as providing good farming and
homemaking advice on the various
projects rests with the cooperative
extension service. the educational
arm of the U. S. department of agri-
culture and the state agricultural
or land-grant colleges. The extern
sion service, in cooperation with
county governing bodies. employs
county agricultural, home demon
stration and All agents. These
agents carry on educational work
with farm youth through All clubs
in much the same way they help
adult farmers and farm women keep
attuned to better farming practices
growing out of scientific research
and local experience.
The All story Is demonstrated in
the experience of Donald Stoten, 90
year-old Carthage. Ind, boy. After
IL years of club projects he is ready
to start farming with a fine herd
of Angus and Jersey cattle, Hamp-
shire hogs and Southdown sheep.
During that time he has helped his
dad expand their farm from II to
$50 acres.
Another typical All story is
that of Lavona ThOrndyke, 18-
year-old Lambert, OKLA, girl,
who received this years presi-
Dental award for girls. After
her fathers death and brothers
enlistment in the army, she and
her mother took over operation
of their 480-acre farm. Her All
projects in clothing, home inn
prOvement, food preparation,
canning and gardening helped
her carry almost full RESPONSE
bility for the home as well as
meal planning and cooking for
the harvest and other hired help.
Thousands of other boys and girls
are doing practical things in the
All world. Kenneth Bosley's All
project has grown into we'll
equipped machine shop where he
the farm machinery. A
grain elevator he built from small
motor, old farm machinery parts
and $12 worth of new parts. saves
lifting by hand approximately 225
tons of crops each year. as well as
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
OMI;k MENTH0LATUM

Q Mother, when coughing spasms
wrack your child's body and leave
his chest muscles so sore it hurts
him to breathe-quick! call
:'Comfy" and "Minty" to the
rescue. Comforting Camphor and
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27

minty Menthol, the two famous
Mentholatum ingredients, are
gentle to q child's delicate normal
skin-but they work fast to help
loosen congestion, ease soreness.
and lessen coughing.
ALSO RELIEVES HEAD COLD STUFFINESS
NASAL IRRITATION AND CRAPPIMG
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
NEEDLECRAFT PATTERNS
Co|orfuZ, Gay BZuebnd Bedspredd

So easy to embroider this bluebird
spread! Pattern 734; transfer of one
motif II by 10 in.; two 514 by 524 in.
Due to an unusually large demand and
current conditions, slightly more time is
required in filling orders for few of the
most popular patterns.
Send your order to
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
SUCCESS STORY
Annual 4-H Week Will Stress
Farm and Home improvements

also boys, especially boys who
have liking for work in wood
land areas and other outdoor
activities. Last year 365, 900
girls and 5000 boys chose food
preparation as All project.
Their work ranged from prep
aratiOn of one kind of dish all
the way up to planning, prepar-
ing and serving complete, nutri-
tiOnally well-balanced meals.
Catherine Wilson, II, of Cranbury,
N. j., has specialized in food prep.
aration projects for seven years.
During this time she has prepared
and served more than 1000 balanced
meals for her family of eight, in.
cluding so dozen biscuits and many
cakes and pies.
Saving the Soil.
Realizing that soil conservation
is an important matter to everybody,
All members have demonstrated
keen interest in studying methods
that will save and build up soil.
Typical soil conservation work is
that of Jim Kludas, 18, of Cherokee,
Iowa, who took as his All project
the elimination of erosion on his ia.
theirs 160-acre farm, now described
as a model of soil conservation
practices. He began contouring in
1943, then constructed nine grass
waterways and dams to prevent
washing. A gully control also was
started. A series of dykes was built
and 400 willows were planted.
Health, one of the HIS in the All
symbol, is something for which all
members strive, both for them
selves and also for their communi-
ties. Tommie June Streeter, 16, Of
Bryceland, La, has carried on mos
quito control work which won her
recognition in her parish and state.
Practically every homemaking,
farming or rural community activi-
ty is represented in All projects.
Guideposts to Program.
Much discussion during All Club
Week in the local All clubs will
evolve around ten guideposts. De-
veloped and agreed upon soon after
VI Day by club leaders represent
ing all the states, the ten guide
posts form the basis for the long,
time All program. They show the
basic detectives of this rural youth
educational movement and serve as
the basis for building local All
programs:
I. Developing talents for great
er usefulness.
2. Joining with friends for
work, fun and fellowship.
8. Learning to live in a chang
ing world.
4. Choosing way to earn a
living.
S. Producing food and fiber for
home and market.
6. Creating better homes for
better living.
Z. Conserving natures re-
sources fer security and happi-
ness.
8. Building health for strong
America.
8. Sharing responsibilities for
community Improvement.
10. Serving as citizens for
maintaining world peace.
Out Of these guideposts each year
comes theme for major All dis.
cussion and work. The theme for
l948 is creating better homes to.
day for more responsible citizen
ship tomorrow" It Is out of the
application of such themes and
guideposts to everyday living of
thousands Of farm boys and girh
that All club work succeeds
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
Deep-Rooted Legumes

Deep-rooted legumes work in
two major ways to improve tilth, re-
build soil structure and increase
the supply of mineralized organic
matter.
Wen-fed legumes such as sweet
L. clover or alfalfa push their tap
roots deep into the soil. These roots
Arizona sun., 1948-02-27
SUCCESS STORY
WNU Features.

Based the old but proved premise of learning by doing
rural girls and boys receive training the rudments OF good
leadership good citizenship The girls also learn how to
cook and home The boys learn how to be good
That the story of 900 farm boys and girls in
All clubs
All clubs covering every state and territory these
boys and girls will tackle jobs during National All