davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1948-04-18
Camera Angles
The Use of Filters for Color Correction

to abrasive action and can be wiped
easily to free them of dirt and fin
|gerprints.
When doing critical focus work
with filters, care must be taken to
avoid a false focus that will occur
when using glass filters. The glass
will refract enough light to move the
image plane back slightly. When
making ordinary shots, this slight
moving Of the focal plane will not be
of sufficient consequence to bother
about.
If using the gelatine waters, be
sure to store them in dry place
at moderate temperature to prevent
wrinkling caused by dampness. Place
the individual waters in envelopes
and avoid handling with the fingers
as much as possible. Glass elements
of cemented filters may separate If
exposed to excessive moisture or heat
and the flltering qualities can be
affected under such conditions.
The same care in cleaning should
be taken with filters as with lenses.
Whenever possible, use lens tissue
for cleaning and polishing. Or you
can use a clean piece of soft cloth.
If badly soiled. glass filters may
be cleaned with weak solution of
water diluted with alcohol. Great
care must be exercised to prevent
the solution from reaching the
edges of the cemented types, other
wise they may loosen at the edges.
Evening star., 1948-04-18
News About Stamps
By james WoIdo Fowcett

As a part Of the 30th Anniversary
of Air Mail celebration which is to
be held throughout the country
from May Is to 81, Postmaster Cen
eral Jesse M. Donaldson announced
Thursday that the Post Office De-
partment has authorized for use
or May IS only special cachet on
philatelic covers mailed from New
York and Philadelphia, Air Mail
Fields, and the Washington National
Airport Station. These three Of
fees were served on the first air
mail route, which began operations
on May Is, 1918.
To obtain this cachet and air mail
anniversary day postmark, collectors
should send self-addressed covers,
prepaid with stamps at the air mail
rate of 5 cents an ounce as follows:
Covers to be mailed from:
New York, N. Y, Air Mail Field
District Superintendent, District No.
II, Railway Mail Service, New York,
New York.
Philadelphia, Pa, Air Mail Field,
District Superintendent, District
Railway Mail Service, Philadelphia,
Pa.
Washington Natl Airport Sta,
Postmaster, Washington 13, D. c.
The covers should be accompanied
by letter requesting application of
the cachet and the May IS post
mark. Space approximately 212 by
21a inches at the left on the ad-
dress side of covers should be al
lowed for the cachet.
At the request of collectors, de-
string backstamps, covers mailed at
New York will be backstamped at
either Philadelphia or Washing
ton, covers mailed at Philadelphia
will be backstamped at either New
York or Washington, and covers
mailed at Washington will be back
stamped at either Philadelphia or
New York.
Covers must be received at the
Offices designated not later than
May ID.
The Four Chaplains stamp, to be
released in Washington exclusively
on May %, will show a group por-
trait of the heroic clergymen as
Evening star., 1948-04-18
Now the time is approaching for

Now the time is approaching for
the appearance OF thunderheads
and other spectacular cloud forma-
tions so that you will have the op-
portunity to get those scenic and
landscape shots that got away
last summer.
The greatest fault in the average
amateur landscape shot lies in the
bald sky and haze -shrouded dis
tance that detract from an other
wise excellent picture. Most OF us
have had the experience of shooting
a scene that is well balanced and
dramatized by towering cloud. for
nations, only to discover in the
darkroom, later, that the negative
has recorded only the foreground
and the beautiful sky has vanished.
The difficulty in obtaining desired
results lies in the relative high
sensitivity of films to the blue OF
the sky. Thus white clouds merge
with the blue background, leaving
little trace of the cloud effects we
wanted to record. The answer is
the filter, so easy to understand and
so inexpensive that we can hardly
afford to be without one.
One Filter May Do.
Generally speaking, the average
camera fan can get along with one
filter. While there are circum-
stances where varying degrees of
correction are indicated, the desired
contrast may be secured under
normal conditions with a yellow
filter such as the K2.
Other filters commonly used are
the orange G filter and the red A
filter. All may be used on panchro-
matte film and all but the red with
orthochromatic film. The A filter
is not suitable for use with ortho
film because this type of negative
is sensitive only to green and blue,
both of which are absorbed by the
red filter. The K2 can be used for
normal correction OF skies. The G
filter will produce even more con-
trast and its use also extends to
haze penetration. If an exaggerated
sky effect is desired, overcorrection
of sky-cloud contrast can be OBJ
tanned with the red filter.
The reason for the use of filters
can be understood more readily
by the beginner after considering
the factors involved. One purpose
Of the filter is correction of the
color rendition in terms of black
and white. AS seen by the eye,
different colors have varying de-
grees of brightness. Film emul-
sions do not see" or record these
degrees of brightness with the same
Iselectivity as the human eye
Therefore we must use some me-
dium to pass certain light rays
and absorb others so that the tonal
values will register in their proper
relationship to visual Interpretation.
A second use of the filter lies in
its ability to create contrast be-
Evening star., 1948-04-18
Contest Rules

l. The Sunday Star SnapSno'
Contest is strictly for amateur pho
tographers. Any resident OF the
Washington retail trading area Is
eligible, excepting employees OF The
Star and members of their families
and individuals and members OF
families engaged in the manufac-
ture, sale, commercial finishing OF
professional use of Photographic
goods. The Washington retail trad
ing area includes the District OF
Columbia; Montgomery, Prince
Georges and Charles Counties in
Maryland, and Arlington, Fairfax
Loudoun and Prince William Coun-
ties, and the City of Alexandria In
Virginia.
2. An entrant may submit as
many pictures as he pleases at as
many different times as he pleases
between now and the close of the
contest, Saturday, August IA, at
noon. No one, however, shall enter
pictures in the contest OF more
than one newspaper participating
in the National Snapshot Awards
and closely similar pictures OF the
same subject or situation shall not
be entered in any other contest.
3. Pictures must have been made
after January l of this year.
4. Only black-and-w white prints
made from original black-and-Whlte
negatives may be entered. No re-
touching or other art work may bt
done on either negatives or prints
Any make of camea and any branc
of film, chemicals or paper may be
used, but plate negatives, composite
pictures, multiple printing anc
montages are barred. Prints larger
than 10 inches in their longer di-
mension or smaller than inches
in their shorter dimension will not
be considered.
S. No prints will be returned
Negatives are not to be submitted
with prints, but are to be kept unit
requested by the Snapshot Contest
Editor. The Star assures no re-
sponsibility for either prints ol
negatives.
s. Before receiving a final prize ir
any of the four picture classif1ca-
tions listed below, the entrant mus
submit the original negative ane
an additional print, and sign 6
statement that his picture, or
closely similar picture OF the samt
subject or situation, has not beer
and will not be entered in any con-
test exhibition or salon other thar
the one conducted by The Star, ane
has not been and will not be Offered
for publication elsewhere. IT ths
picture contains the likeness OF an!
person, the entrant also must obtair
the written consent of that person
to the use of the picture for pur'
poses of illustration, advertising O.
publication in any manner. In th'
event the entrant fails to compl.
with these requirements, anothe
winner will be chosen.
7. Each week, The Star will aware
a prize of S. for the picture judget
best and additional prizes of S.
each for pictures of special meri
published in the Pictorial Magazine
Final local prizes of S25 will b.
awarded in each of the classiflca
tions and the winning pictures vii
be published in the Pictorial Maya
zine. These four winners will b
entered in the National Awards, il
which they will compete with tn
same number of entries from othe
newspapers in the United State
and Canada for prizes totalin
! $4,000.
i s. The name and address of tn
!, entrant should be lettered clearly il
ink on the back Of each prin
together with the title Of the pic
Evening star., 1948-04-18

ture. if any, and the class in which
it is to be entered. Pictures should
be addressed to the Snapshot Con-
test Editor, The Sunday Star,
Eleventh street and Pennsylvania
avenue NV, Washington 4, D. C..
9. Pictures will be judged in both
the local contest and In the ma
tional awards on general interest
and or appeal. Photographic ex-
cellence or technique. while impor-
tant, will not be the deciding factor
in determining prize winners The
decision of the judges will be &C
cepted as final.
10. The classifications in which
prizes will be awarded are:
A. Babies and Children-One or
more youngsters, to be judged for
cuteness, expression of character or
Subjects may be engaged
in appropriate activities or interest
Adults may appear If they are not
the principal interest.
b. Young People and Adults-One
or more groWnups (high school age
or older) engaged in any activity; in
sports, games, hobbies or occupa-
tions; at home, at work or on holi-
day; indoors or out
c. Scenes and Still Life-Land-
scapes, seascapes, street scenes,
buildings, historical spots or un-
usual still-life subjects, including
tabletop" or miniature arrange
ments To be judged for scenic or
pictorial appeal.
d. Animal Life-Household pets,
farm animals, wild life, zoo animals,
etc.
IMPORTANTLY you snap a pic
ture Which you erpect to enter in
the contest and in Which person or
persons appear, be sure to get their
names and addresses. This is neces-
sary because, before your picture can
become eligible for entry IN the Ma
tional AUdrds, the 1ritten consent
OF such person or persons to the use
OF the picture for advertising pur-
poses must be obtained.
Evening star., 1948-04-18
By Alexander J. Wedderburr
Curator Of Photography
The Smithsonian institution

(uFotof OF Fnoto9fopHy
The Smithsonian Institution
tween two colors which have the
same relative value of brightness
from the visual standpoint. For in
stance, a yellow filter will absorb
the blue of the sky, causing it to
record a deep shade of gray and
making white clouds stand out in
relief. The red filter, in case of
this kind would cause an even
sharper degree of contrast, pro-
ducing the spectacular cloud effects
that you may have wished you
could make with your camera.
Exposure Factor Changes.
It must be remembered that a
filter will cut off percentage Of
the available light with which to
expose the negative. 1t is import
ant to know how much light a given
filter will exclude in order to make
adjustment. This will depend on
three things: The type of filter;
the type of light and the type of
film. Your guide for proper ex-
posure will be the filter factor" !"
A filter factor is simply the number
of times the normal exposure must
be increased. Manufacturers usu-
ally provide filter factors of a
particular filter as it may be used
with various types of film and under
different lighting conditions.
There are three general types.
First, there is the gelatin filter,
sometimes known as the wafer filter.
In its basic state, the dyed gelatin
wafer can be used either in front of
the lens. behind it or between the
elements of the lens. The colored
gelatin waters are comparatively in
expensive, but do not last too long,
as they are subject to abrasive &C
ton and pick up fingerprints that
cannot be removed satisfactorily.
They can be used without fear that
they will change the plane of focus,
a drawback common to the type con-
tanning glass.
A second type Of filter is that
which is cemented between two lay
ers of glass. They come in two
grades. Grade A filters are made
with glass polished and ground op-
tically fiat, both surfaces being par
allel. Grade B filters are not Of
the same high quality, but are suit
able for ordinary Photographic work.
The practical difference is in the ex-
acting method of manufacture, how
ever, the difference in cost is consid-
cradle.
False Focus Results.
Filters made entirely of colored
glass form the third type. They are
made OF grade A glass and are af-
fected little by temperature. Both
glass-type filters are better to have
in the long run, as they are resistant
Evening star., 1948-04-18
Print Clinic Thursday

A print clinic will be held Thurs
day at $3.50 pm, by the Foto- Craft
Club of the Twelfth street Y. M. C.
A. The discussion and criticism will
center mainly about pictorialism in
architectural photography, including
buildings in part or whole, statues,
and memorials. A photo quiz is
also planned and refreshments will
be served. '''% ,'''R'' ~
The meeting will convene in the
main lounge of the Y, 1915 Twelfth
street NV. A special class for be-
ginners and Juniors in photography
will meet at 7:3O.
Evening star., 1948-04-18

telic Society at meeting at the
YWCA, Seventeenth and K streets
NV, Wednesday night, that resist
ance is needed to the demands OF
pressure groups for new stamps for
purposes not above reproach.
To illustrate his objection to such
issues, Mr.. Lindquist told how pub
licity agents for the dairy industry
had sought to obtain authorization
of a commemorative" to publicize
cheese. He condemned the willing
ness of Congressman and other poll
ticians to support promotion
schemes of this variety. ''The Post
master General and the men around
him charged with getting out new
stamps are earnest men who are try
ing to do a good job" he said, "and
we ought to try to help them to work
unhampered by selfish interference"
Mr.. Lindquist outlined the efforts
of the National Federation, the
Association for Stamp Exhibitions
and the Philatelic Foundation to ad-
vance "the worlds greatest hobby"
He was introduced by David D.
Caldwell, president of the WPS.
On Thursday evening Mr.. Lind
quist and his wife were guests OF
the Pentagon Philatelic Society at
a dinner in the Generals Lounge of
the Pentagon Building.
w. F. Simpson, 1915 Gallatin
street NV, writes: "A few weeks
ago you had reference to albino
envelopes. I am inclosing a couple
Of these which came into my pos
session. AS you can see, one Is the
albino mate Of the regular one but
the exceptional thing about them
is that both are surcharged Lac
to indicate a new value. imagine
surcharged albino envelopes are
relatively rare. The article in The
Star implied that the albino was
usually folded inside of the regular
envelope, but these two samples
would seem to refute this"
Gutenberg, the printer, and the
cathedral at Mainz are represented
in two Rhineland- -PfalZ stamps, 30
pig. pink and 50-pfg blue, respec-
lively.
An organizational meeting of air
post collectors will be held in Room
303, 805 G street NV, Friday eve
ming at 8, and all persons interested
in airmail stamps and covers are
invited to attend.
A National Stamp Dealers Bourse
will be staged at the Hotel McAlpin,
New York City. Wednesday, April
81. from 2 o'clock in the afternoon
until midnight. Fifty firms will
have booths and tables.
Evening star., 1948-04-18

Critic-Harry B. Shaw, Fellow OF
the National Photographic Society.
Portraiture has an almost ire
sistible fascination for the photogra-
pher. vet success in this art is not
easily achieved although light, pose
and composition are within control
of the artist.
The real test of ability is to gain
the perhaps unconscious response
of the subject and to elicit spon-
taneous characteristic expression.
Mr.. Penland has succeeded in doing
so. The lighting is well handled
brilliant enough for strong model
ing but free from harshness. The
shadow side of the face is we'll il
Illuminated, the ear being beautifully
drawn and lighter; the texture of
the hair and skin is we'll rendered.
However, the real appeal Of this
print is the face, especially the
lovely eyes and hair. In the opinion
of this critic, a part of this print
is greater than the whole. The
sleeves might have been adjusted
so that the shoulder pads would
not project and cause the crease
below each shoulder-that on the
left of the print being accentuated
by the strongly lighted background
at that point. 1t might have been
better to remove the coat.
Two suggestions for cropping are
offered. The preference is to cut
out everything but the beautifully
modelled head, as indicated. The
second is to frame the portrait in
such a way as to cut out the pro-
jectionj of the shoulder pads but
Include the hand lengthen, the
exposure of the lower third Of the
print, thus subduing the lighting Of
the hand; also tone down the high
lights on the lower three beads and
the white spots on the handker-
chief
Evening star., 1948-04-18
Competitors to Show
Films to Cine Fans

The regular meeting of the WASH
ington Society Of Amateur Cinema.
tographers will be held tomorrow
evening at 8 o'clock at the Review
and Herald Publishing House. East
ern avenue and Willow streets, Ia
koma Park.
John E. Oliveras will show the
beautiful flower gardens Of the city
of Charleston, S. c., and Blair Thaw
will present a picture of an Indian
religious ritual in Navajo land.
Both competitors are In the lead in
the l6-mm. class in the clubs cur
rent oscar" contest.
Evening star., 1948-04-18

they stood on the deck of the sink
ing Army troopship Dorchester in
the North Atlantic In February,
l943. 1t will be inscribed: These
Immortal Chaplains: Interfaith in
Action"
A view of the State Capitol at
Madison, a scroll and an outline
map of the State, will be the
central motif of the Wisconsin COM
Evening star., 1948-04-18
Camera Stroll

Mai. Ralph w. French of the Ma
tional Photographic Society will lead
the second camera stroll of the l948
season today. The group, under the
auspices of the National Capital
Parks, will meet this afternoon at
Meridian Hill Park, Sixteenth street
and Florida avenue NV, at 2
o'clock
Evening star., 1948-04-18
STAMPS AND COINS.

STAMPS AND COINS.
Enormous bargain. 1000 stamps from
all over world 81, 5000 81. American
Stamp Co. Wilmington A-24t2, Del
STAMPS-COINS-AU
Gold and Silver Bought and Sold.
HOBBY SHOP,
us 18th st. NV. D.. 1219
LARGE pictorials, Austria artists UO)
compl for 10c with approvals
ROSENBAUM co.
9Th and Liberty, Pittsburgh Pa.
Goth Century U. S. Mint collection,
Evening star., 1948-04-18

memorative scheduled for release on
May 29.
A stamp to mark the eighty-ffth
anniversary of Lincoln's Gettysburg
Address may be issued on Novem-
Der 10.
When the 3-cent Francis Scott
Key stamp, showing his portrait and
a view of Fort McHenry is released
at Frederick, Md, August 9, col
lectors who prefer Baltimore cam
cellations will buy copies of the new
issue in Frederick and apply them
to covers which they will mail in
Baltimore.
Harry L. Lindquist, editor and
publisher of Stamps Magazine, New
York, and president of the National
Federation of Stamp Clubs. told
members of the Washington Phila-
Evening star., 1948-04-18
False Focus Results,

Filters made entirely OF colored
glass form the third type. They are
made OF grade A glass and are af-
fected little by temperature. Both
glass-type filters are better to have
in the long run, as they are resistant
Evening star., 1948-04-18

Saturday night at the Chess Club
master point session Lane and Ling
ley again scored in East-West posi-
ton, while Mr.. and Mrs. George
Kathan were runnersup. DR.. J. B.
Gregg Gusts and Mrs. Rachel
Fletcher were victors North-South,
while Margaret Rucker and Jessie
Roeh1ert placed second.
Evening star., 1948-04-18

A National Stamp Dealers Bourse
will be staged at the Hotel McAlpin
New York City. Wednesday. April
21. from 2 o'clock in the afternoon
until midnight Fifty firms will
have booths and tables.
Evening star., 1948-04-18

Walsh Club Director G. A. Lewis
announces that the monthly master
point game, scheduled for Satur-
day, has been postponed to May /.
At the Saturday game, April 10.
Helen Bainbridge and Joseph Day
won in East West position, Mr.. and
Mrs. D. B. Meyer tying Mrs. M. l..
Rinker aand Edith Decker for top
score North South.
Evening star., 1948-04-18

April master point awards of the
Arlington Farms Duplicate Club
went to Lynn Carrier. Mrs. Myrtle
Mcmahon, James Case and David
Pepper.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-04-16
MISS JOAN GABRIEL,
 CANADIAN PIANIST, IN CONCERT TONIGHT

The Juneau Concert Association will present the first in series of their spring concerts tonight in the goth Century Theatre with Miss Joan Gabriel, l7-year- -old virtuoso of the keyboard. who arrived in Ju- neau yesterday afternoon via Pan American Airways.
 Miss Gabriel is a graduate of the Banff School of Fine Arts and has within the past IS months complet- ed 8 scholarship at the Royal Col lege of Music in London. England She has been acclaimed by critics as a pianist of great promise and has been received enthusiastically by her audiences.
 The concert by Miss Gabriel will begin at 830 o'clock this evening in the 20th Century Theatre and a large audience i5 anticipated.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-04-16
BUSINESS MEN OF
 JUNEAU MEET FOR
 ORGANIZING CLUB

The younger business men of Ju- neau met in the Gold Room of the Baranof Hotel today noon to form a new organization and service club in this city.
 Joe Mangan, Advertising Manag- CT for radio station KINY was acting chairman for the group.
 The business discussed at today's meeting was information on the organizing of Junior. Chamber of Commerce and various members air. ed their views as to the policies the new club should make
 It was decided to write a letter to the President of the National Ju- nior Chamber of Commerce and re- quest the presence of representa- tive from that office to appear here in the near future to read the Char ter and assist in the organizing of the club.
 It was also announced that any business man who wished to attend in work clothes could do so as it was not fashion show but busi- ness meeting for business men of this community and all are welcom- ed.
 The attendance of 40 business men and employees of various types of industry were represented and 1t was suggested that the offices of the Labor Department was the only parties not represented.
 A vote was taken and passed to meet every Friday at noon at the Baranof for business sessions until further notice.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1948-04-16
DOUBLE FEATURE BILL AT WEEKEND,
 CAPITOL THEATRE

A comedy Vacation in Reno, and a western, Zane Grey's Code of the West" will be the double feature bill at the Capitol Theatre this weekend, starting tonight
 Vacation in Reno" concerns the hectic adventures of treasure-seek- ing, milk-toast husband who be- comes involved innocently in bank robbery and with bank bandits. It is la story bulging with comedy and embarrassing situations, particular ly when a forgiving wife finds her husband being represented as the husband of the bank bandits fair accomplice against his wishes. The action is laid in Reno, Nevada, and On the desert. The actionful comedy climax takes place in the desert while Jack Haley and Anne Jeffreys, in an anphibious jeep chase a stage coach loaded with bank bandits.
 The suspenseful story of pioneer settlers grim fight for existence against ruthless land grabbing mar auders during the lawless frontier days of Arizona is thrillingly depict ed in Code of the West" with James Warren heading the cast in this Zane Grey classic.
 The story revolves around a gang of desperadoes who gain political ccntrcl of a small town and wage war on the settlers. It is a tough, exciting fight before law and order come to the region and the badmen are cleaned out Debra Alden, Steve Brodie. Robert Clarke, John Lau- renz, Rita Lynn. Harry Woods and Raymond Burr also perform in the thrill packed production.