davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
Nine Negroes
Commissioned at
Ground Gen. School

Fort Riley, Kansas.-Nine Ne
groes were among 126 students re-
Gently graduated from the officer
candidate course at The Ground
General School and commissioned
Second Lieutenants in the Army of
the United States.
AS their next assignment, each
officer will attend the service
school of the branch of service In-
fantry, Signal Corps, Quartermas-
ter, Field Artillery, etc. to which
he has been detailed; at the serv-
ice school he will receive training
in military occupation speciality
to further prepare him for future
assignment in his branch of serv-
ice.
The officer candidate course
here includes training in the fol-
lowing subjects: administration;
military law; communication;
maintenance and field expedients
of motor vehicles; use and main
tenance of small arms and larger
weapons; may and aerial photo
reading, and drill and command
exercises.
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
Negro Troops
Participate in "Oper-
alton Combine III

Elgin Air Force Base, Florida
Each week, 600 students from two
or more of the nations top service
schools are flown here to witness
the doctrines of air-ground COOP
GRAFTON in a military exercise call
ed Operation Combine III" The
exercises began on October and
will end November 10.
To set the stage for the weekly
three-day battle, a mythical situa-
ton is developed whereby the coun-
try of "Namore" declared war on
''Dolubia.."
The Namoran Minister of De-
fense and his chiefs of staff review
the strategical situation during the
first day of each weekly exercise
and decide to commit 420 para
troopers and large portion of
their 500 planes, including 100 jet
type aircraft, in the opening attack
on their enemy, Delubia.
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
Vote Bonds, Curb Juvenile Delinquency
Our Chances In
Next Congress I
Can Election Review

The Central Arizona Project As
Sociation as you know, stayed
strictly out of partisan politics.
However, the election now is his
tory and it becomes imperative
that every Arizonan understand
just where this state stands as a
result of the balloting and in rela-
ton to our water fight. Here are
the salient points of the situation:
1. Republican leaders, even dur
ing the initial unexpected disap-
pointing hours when defeat was
leaving it's sting, emphasized the
necessity of a united fight for wa
ter.
1--WE were working hard for Ari-
zona's water when we were win
ming and we will continue to work
as hard" Clarence Burlington Kel-
land, Republican National Com
mitteeman, said, and other Repub-
lican leaders echoed his view.
2. Democrats, election winners,
refused even in the flush of vic
tory to Label the water fight as a
partisan one, and insisted that it
go forward on an all-Arizona, non
partisan basis.
"Our water, fight is economic,
not POLITICAL" Gov. Dan E. Gar
vey said. "We must keep it that
way"
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
BY DEL GREEN

Evident that education will be
the primary basis for the intergra-
ton of our race, economically, So
cially, and politically is illustrated
by the vast enrolment of Negroes
in institutions of higher education
throughout the nation. Whether
enrolment ratios are considered at
Columbia University or Arizona
State College the fact remains that
our race is becoming more con-
scious of the value of higher edu-
cation.
Arizona State College registered
90 Negro students, 38 women and
81 men for the 1948 fall semester.
An estimated fifty per cent of this
group is nonresident. It placidly
illustrates the ever growing migra-
ton of the Negroes to the west
and southwest. The Negro youth
has become cognizant of the i'm
portance education shall play in
the not foo far off tomorrows.
Most students favor the educa-
tional curriculum, and the interest
CyClC uC1IOLCo, III O1uSI, IllS pre-
professional, industrial arts, COM
mercial and science majors. Be-
yond doubt, I feel sure enough to
predict that the pattern of liveli-
hood will provide space for the
professional Negro to fit into with
exactness. The large wartime
death rate and retirement of our
aging professional men and women
will assuredly lend acceleration to
positions for placement.
The desire of the men and wo-
men of our race to become socially
and progressively imminent cannot
be showed back into obscurity and
decay. That desire has been given
life, and its blood stream has be-
come homogenized with coopera-
tion. With the wars end it sprang
to life overnight by necessity, pres
ervation of ideals, and ambition,
necessity to achieve the technical
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
Ivy Leaf Club Holds
First Meeting

The first meeting of the Ivy
Leaf Club, of the Alpha Kappa AL
pha Sorority, met at the home of
Miss McFraddie Robinson, dean OF
pledges, Nov. Z. The officers elect
ed were: Hazel Williams, presi-
dent; Yvonne Christopher, vice
president; Gloria Ramsey, secre-
tary; Geraldine Christopher, treas
urer; Lily Rideau, reporter, and
Hazel Campbell, program chair
man. An outline program for the
year will be discussed at the next
meeting.
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
Farmers Play Strong
Role in Every Phase
OF Arizona Life

Arizona farmers, conscious OF
the strong role they play in every
phase of Arizona life, this week re-
ceived the plaudits of the state as
Agriculture Week was observed.
From Apache to Yuma, from Mo-
have to Cochise counties-from
! the sidewalks of the capital city of
Phoenix to the remotest and dusti-
est road in the fartherest section
of AriZona-farmers knew that
folk are looking to them to con-
tinue the long cycle of prosperity
Arizona has enjoyed.
This was apparent for these rea-
sons:
Gov. Dan E. Garvey pointed out
in his original proclamation of Ag-
riculture Week that more than
half Arizona's economy is based
squarely on the farmers.
DR.. George w. Barr, extension
economist for the University of
Arizona, told Arizonans, that farm
crops and livestock make Arizona
prosperous and help feed the en-
tire world.
Herbert H. Leggett, economist
and statistician and vice president
of the Valley National Bank, let
AriZonans know that IA quarter of
a billion dollars is produced on
Arizona's farms and ranches.
u. S. Senators Carl Hayden and
Ernest w. Mcfarland both inter-
ested themselves in the farming
situation, attending a conference
"a few days ago in Yuma designed
to ease the problems of homestead
farmers in that area.
Those were the prominent folk.
But hundreds of thousands not so
prominent joined in Agriculture
Week this week....at the Arizona
State Fair, where the largest farm
exhibits ever staged in Arizona
were displayed....and at luncheon
and civic clubs throughout Arizo-
ma.
Typical of the reaction was that
of the Maricopa County Farm Bu-
reau, largest unit of the Arizona
Farm Bureau Federation, which is
! sponsoring the celebration of Ag-
ricu1ture Week. Warren Austin,
president of the Maricop County
Farm Bureau, Immediately after
his election, pointed to Maricopa's
large Farm Bureau membership as
sign that farmers themselves are
"grOWing increasingly conscious"
of their roles.
DR.. r. ]. Hight, of Tempe, Ari-
zona Farm Bureau president, urg-
ed farmers to "make every week
Agriculture Week" by joining with
their fellow farmers in uniting for
"a strong, intelligent, and organ
lied agriculture.
Agriculture Week is a observed
recognition" of the dominant role
the farmer plays in Arizona econ
omy, Howard J. Smith, executive
secretary of the Central Arizona
Project Association, said today.
'"The farmer will continue to
play this role only if the state
unites and helps him to get Color
ado River water" Mr.. Smith said
Mr.. Smith added that Colorado
River water and future Arizona
farm prosperity are "vitally link
ed" and appealed to all persons ev-
erywhere in the state to acquaint
themselves with the water fight
and join in it.
The Central Arizona Project
would bring water from Lake Hav-
aSu, near Parker, to Central Ari.
zona for use as supplementary ir.
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
The Importance Of
Agriculture To The
Arizona Economy
BY HERBERT A. LEGGETT

BY HERBERT A. LEGGETT
Vice President of the Valley Ma
tional Bany and State Chairman
of the Committee for Economic
Development.
Centuries ago, when Arizona's
hills and valleys were peopled sole
ly by Indians, population trends
were governed entirely by the food
supply. The number of inhabitants
rose and fell in exact ratio to the
amount of food that could be pro-
duced in the immediate vicinity.
Although actual survival is no
longer dependent upon local agri-
cultural production, it nevertheless
remains out most important basic
industry. Approximately 4096 of
Arizona's population is supported,
directly or indirectly, by agricul-
ture and its related activities. Ev-
cry person in the state, from tax
assessor to undertaken, has stake
in our agricultural prosperity.
This year, the value of crops and
livestock produced in Arizona will
exceed $20O,OOO,0OO, an amount
equal to the entire income of the
state ten years ago. Our index of
general business activity has par
allelled the ups and downs in agri-
cultural income for over thirty
years. It is reasonable to expect
that this will continue ODE true
for an Indefinite neriod
AriZona'S rangelands have prob
ably been developed to the maxi
mum and our irrigated acreage is
definitely limited, whether or not
we obtain the Colorado River wa
ter to which we are entitled. There
fore, any further expansion in out
put can be achieved only by i'm?
proved production techniques and
better utilization of our existing
water resources. On a long term
basis, efficiency plus diversified
ton can assure a permanently
healthy agriculture in Arizona
even with materially lower prices
International economists are at
last beginning to realize that the
worlds greatest problem is not
war, or disease, or politics, but
FAMINE. Even in the United
States, with hundreds of millions
of fertile acres, WE CONSUME
MORE FOOD THAN WE PRO-
DUCE. Thus, after getting the
short end of things for several gen.
erations, our farmers and ranchers
are again coming into their own.
Both the public and the govern
ment are going to be much more
polite to them from now on. We
must eat to live and, considering
the well-fed appearance of our
people generally, it is apparent
that many of them also live to eat.
similar survey was conducted in
1885, and also much information as
to what changes will take place
one to two years in the future.
The results of such a survey have
long been needed by the citrus in
dustry as a basis for present action
and future planning. The data will
also be of value as a supplement to
other studies being made of the
marketing of citrus fruit. The sur
vey results will be presented by
areas having somewhat different
characteristics of which there are
six in the Salt River Valley and
one each in Yuma and Pima coun-
ties. This will permit analysis and
Interpretation needed not only in
studies pertaining to citrus but also
in connection with studies pertain
ing to land use.
~~~~.~~>~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~>~~s~~~s~~~~|>~~
rigation water on about 725,000
acres of nresentlY-developed farm
Arizona sun., 1948-11-12
Capacity College Enrollments Indicate Large
Negro Attendance

and professional know how, with
which to work and create. The
preservation of ideals is inherent
and became the supply line to fuel
our ambition. Ambition to wrench
free from the strifes of life upon
us and escape the diaboHcal scheme
to keep us suppressed.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07

This catastrophe cannot be
averted by more than tempor-
airy American retreat if the u.
S. is to preserve her Fl eedom,
no by the reopening of negotia-
tions over secondary matters
arising from the war tension it.
self. 1t oonceivably could be
averted only if Western and
Soviet statesmen were able to
reach a new agreement. This
agreement would be on the ak
iom that such a relationship
must be created among the po-
wers as would be to the inter-
ests Of all to defend and 4 hope
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07

the grounds soon after the war.
He would seem to have spent
about S80,000 on the better way
of life at Lake Mahopac.
Pross is custodian of all the
union and many others whose
total power is sufficient to black
mail the entire liquor industry
in New York, New Jersey and
Connecticut Big whiskey COM
panies bow to his demands lest
he pull the labor out of their
plants without consulting these
people. And bottlers and even
package stores and bars are in
his power in the same way.
Now we note further that the
boys have constitutional author
ity to hire all their relatives and
gangster friends for hypotheti-
cal duties and that the president
shall be the sole Judge" of their
salaries. He also appoints al
the election tellers.
Pross is custodian of al the
unions property, which, OF
course, includes its bankroll and
books. He may spend as much
as he wants to further the well
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07
A Balance Is Needed In Any Citys
Industrial-Agricultural Economy

The effort to secure industry has caused many
communities to go hogwild the acquisition OF new
industries.
Dennis OHarrow, state planner, recently warn
ed that some attention should be paid to the NOR
tality rate of small and established businesses and
that thought should be given in connection with the
balanced from an industrial stand point as from an
new industry will have the local economy.
Somewhat along the line DR.. Victor Rot
erus of the U. S. Department of Commerce, points
out that little expansion along selected develop
ment lines sis better than lot of expansion without
any consideration to what community or area is
really looking for.
In effect suspect the gentlemen are trying
to tell the people of the nation they should work to-
ward balance between industry and agriculture
rather than to become over-ndustriaized along any
particular line. We think the observation has merit
and that Roanoke Rapids, for example, in its quest
for industries should nelligently select the type
of industry to be encouraged to settle in this
It is good to have a balance between agricul-
ture and industry but it is just bad to be over
bbalanced from an industrial standpoint from an
agricultural standpoint. Of course, Roanoke Rapids
has long way go before the threat of over-ndus
trialization will be patent, but community loses
anything by intelligent planning.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07
PEGLER
Pegler SAYS That While Many Unions Are Communist
Fronts. Our Native Union Has Iniquites OF Its Own
Communist

fare of the members. He, too,
may employ all his relatives and
other thieves like himself to
Campaign" for the union.
Of course, no state, county or
village would think of delegating
such power even to regularly
elected and highly respected cit
izen But this is a typical ex-
ample of the atrocity which
President Truman and all the
high goons were defending in the
campaign. However, be it un-
derstood that the Taft-Hart-
ley Law would not at all impair
these powers of Mr.. Pross or
exclude from such positions un-
pardoned ex-convicts with bad
probation reports.
We find that the trea-
surer "shall report all income
and expenditures. but that
means nothing. He could just
report received $4,000; spent
Sl00, ,O00." and fully comply with
the article. Most unions which
make boast of their Financial
reports" report no more than
that.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07
Nisbet Discusses Personalities Who
May Compose SCOTS Official Cabinet

turnover is expected in these ap-
pointments. There probably
would have been more than nor
NAL change in any event, be-
cause when the Cherry admins
tration began we were still at
war, and desired requirements
for some positions were not a.
vailable. There is now an eight
year instead of a normal four
year accrual of need for new
blood-or as Scott calls it fresh
air at the top" Furthermore,
because so many of the people
back in the counties who had
aspired with some hope of real
ization to top state appointments
also guessed wrong on the pri-
mary candidates for governor,
the application cards had to be
reshuffled all down the line.
HIGHWAYS - Almost every
county has one or more candi-
dates for the highway commits
sion, and there are several po-
tentials for chairman. Despite
his repeated statement that he
does not want any state job, Ca
pus Waynick is being frequently
mentioned as most likely reci-
plent of the highway chairman
ship. He might be persuaded to
accept the appointment. Other
sources insist that George Coble.
Lexington dairy products man,
IS directly in line for the top
highway post, Still others say
that Scott has meant what he
SAID about putting a real dirt
FARMER on that job, which brings
the name of Claude Hall of Per-
son county into the speculation.
MORE MORE MORE RORE....
betting odds at present seem to
favor Coble, but the odds are
not great. Kerr Scott has way
OF doing just exactly what is not
expected of him and making it
stick. So there will be no great
surprise if he comes up with a
highway chairman nobody else
mas thought about, and a woman
or TWO on the highway commis-
sion On the other hand he maj
ilnd that, in order to get the
KIND of service he wants, he may
nave to name a lawyer or city
business man to some of the po-
sitions he has tentatively reserv-
ed for dirt formers. Only one
pet seems sure with respect to
the highway commission: There
Will be at least ten new faces
among the eleven members who
assemble at the first meeting in
May, l949. -.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07
Dorothy Thompson

Stalln's recent statement in
Pravda was ambiguous. His o.
pinion that there will be no war
and an implication of readiness
to resume negotiations was Of
fset by the violence of his Ian
- guage and accusations. Parti-
cularly notable was that al
though he savagely attacked the
neutrals for their, stand on the
Berlin issue, he did not mention
France. where the situation has
appeared more favorable for
Russia than in Germany. Pub
licized with the Stain interview
was manifesto from Soviet
Youth organizations saying,
"The imperialists cannot turn
back history's wheel in a cen
tury where all roads lead to
communism"-that is, Rus
sian century.
Meanwhile, on November Is,
according to Kenneth Royal,
the United States Army will go
on peace or war" basis,
with shifts to eliminate the
need for sudden change in the
face of an emergency. In China,
where there is no "cold" war,
the Communists have taken
Manchuria, Chiang's armies
are collapsing everywhere. and
Russia S rear is clear.
Therefore, while all claim
peaceful intentions, the stage is
set for war.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07

PERSONALITIES - Elective
personnel having been determin-
ed by the voters, and consider
alton having been given the ap-
pointive positions in state gov
ernment on purely impersonal
basis, time has arrived for dis
cussion of some of the individ-
uals who may be called upon by
Governor Kerr Scott and newly
elected state department heads
to help them administer affairs
of government in North Caro-
lima during the next four years.
Until the election was over it
had been regarded as ethical on
part of most commentators to
refrain from indulging in person
al references in connection with
appointive positions.
PROBLEM-First of all. it
should be recorded that the mat.
ter OF selecting competent and
efficient appointive officials and
clerical help is not easy. Appli-
cants for jobs always, even in
good times, far exceed the pos
sibilities Of employment. Change
of administration in Washington
makes available large num-
Der of experienced people for
state jobs in North Carolina.
Hundreds of people who voted
right (?) in the recent primary
have potent appeal for places on
the state pay roll. Hundreds of
others who voted wrong (o) in
the primary can offer efficient
and successful experience re-
cords of service, which thew
think justifies continuance in
present positions.
LEVELS-Believe it or not
the main responsibility is filling
secondary and tertiary positions.
rather than top flight appoint.
ments. The big shots don't do
a lot besides look wise. act gen.
ial and encourage lesser rank
ing associates to do the work for
which the brass gets credit. II
can be somewhat categoricallv
stated that in his reorganization
OF state government Governor
Scott will not seriously disturb
existing organization on real
working levels He will put in
new folks at the pohcy-making
top, but the vast majority of real
workers in state employ have
nothing to worry about.
CHANGE-Since so few of the
men now in top state govern
ment posts supported Scott in
the primary more than normal
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07
THOMPSON
Stalin's Recent Statement Is Termed
Ambiguous By Dorothy Thompson

less risk for any to attempt to
overthrow
If the Soviet irrevocably are
committed to world revolution
supported by Russian arms, the
outlook for peace is hopeless.
If, however, they are using COM
munism primarily as an instru-
ment for the defense of the
Soviet state. it may not be. For
the U. S. S. R, the U. S. A.
and all other powers could win
security without the sacrifice of
a single vital interest, or the
appeasement of any by the 9TH
er, they would concentrate on
the construction of a stable and
viable power structure instead
of vague ard unrealizable
ideals.
World peace demands struc-
ture which the U. S. A. and the
U. S. S. R. will collaborate to
defend No such structure is
possible with two hostile allan
ces lined up in midEurope. 1t
demands new set of pacts de-
signed for the mutual protection
of the u S. S r. and the U. S.
A. by each other, and the mu-
tual protection of Europe by
both.
Hitler, in the last war. con-
firmed Napoleon's experience
that Russia cannot be defeated
by Western Europe. The ex-
perience. however, did not con-
firm that Russia cannot be de-
feated by Europe plus the Unit
ed States. or that Europe cam
not be defeated by the Soviets
if protected by the United States
or that the United States could
not be defeated by Russia plus
Europe. Therein lie the fears.
pushing toward war.
A balanced power structure
to eliminate all these possibili-
ties demands the elimination of
all military alliances of the
U. S. A. and the U. S. S. r.
with any European state or
combination of states and all
military installations OF either
on European soil, including, of
course, the Eastern bloc.
Roanoke Rapids daily herald., 1948-11-07
PEGLER
BY WeStbrook Pegler ..
Copyright, 1893. King Features
4 Syndicate. Inc.)

Although many of our unions
are Communist fronts of an en-
emy nation and others are plain
rackets like Mussolini's Labor
Front, the fact remains that our
native union movement has in
iquities OF its own and has not
had to worry anywhere.
Proud of his criminal tradi-
tons, the American union COON
can hold up his head in any So
ciety of cut-throats. He was no
torious when Roosevelt and a
poltroon Congress passed the
Wagner Act and the debilitat-
ing Frankfurter Anti-Injunction
Law which bore the names of
Norris and La Guardia. He
has become bolder and more fe-
lonious with the years under
government protection, con-
fident always that he has a par
tisan on the Supreme Court who
holds him blameless of crime
bearing the union label.
Frankfurter, who often pass
es on union cases, is one of those
who delivered the American cit
izen into the brutal custody Of
the criminal racketeer.
OF course, this is general COM
ment, but I, alone, of the sa-
wants on the subject, often re-
sort to unqualified charges.
Most of the victims of the Roo
sevelt Wagner Frankfurter
scheme against the safety and
liberty of the citizens are civic
detectives who deserve what
they have been getting. They
are persons of low principle who
would sell themselves to any
John L. Lewis for few dollars
week or promise of some
undeserved pension at the eX-
pense of the civic defective next
door.
But even if most of the Amer
leans were men and women of
character they still would have
to submit to outrageous imposi-
ton by the criminal clients of
Frankfurter's solicitude.
As particular case I offer
the constitution of Local l of the
Wine. Liquor and Distillery Wor-
kers Union of New York. This
is racket run by typical un-
ion scoundrel, Ben Pross. whose
greatest potection is Fankfu-
ta's law 'orhidd're Fedora' '"d-
ges to enjoin him from rioting
to drive citi7ans into his corral.
The preamble of the constitu-